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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..223ef89 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #56220 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/56220) diff --git a/old/56220-0.txt b/old/56220-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 279ee4e..0000000 --- a/old/56220-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5304 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Historical record of the Seventh Regiment, -or The Royal Fusiliers, by Richard Cannon - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Historical record of the Seventh Regiment, or The Royal Fusiliers - Containing an Account of the Formation of the Regiment in - 1685, and of its subsequent services to 1846. - -Author: Richard Cannon - -Release Date: December 21, 2017 [EBook #56220] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD--7TH REGIMENT *** - - - - -Produced by Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -book was produced from images made available by the -HathiTrust Digital Library.) - - - - - - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - - A superscript is denoted by ^{xx}, for example IV^{TH} or Esq^{re}. - - Basic fractions are displayed as ½ ⅓ ¼ etc; other fractions are shown - in the form a/b, for example 1/10 or 55/144. - - Some minor changes are noted at the end of the book. - - - - -[Illustration: - - BY COMMAND OF His late Majesty WILLIAM THE IV^{TH}. - _and under the Patronage of_ - Her Majesty the Queen. - - HISTORICAL RECORDS, - _OF THE_ - British Army - - _Comprising the_ - _History of every Regiment_ - _IN HER MAJESTY'S SERVICE_. - - _By Richard Cannon Esq^{re}._ - - _Adjutant General's Office, Horse Guards._ - - London. - - _Printed by Authority_: -] - - - - -GENERAL ORDERS. - - - _HORSE-GUARDS_, - _1st January, 1836_. - -His Majesty has been pleased to command that, with a view of doing -the fullest justice to Regiments, as well as to Individuals who -have distinguished themselves by their Bravery in Action with the -Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Regiment in the British -Army shall be published under the superintendence and direction -of the Adjutant-General; and that this Account shall contain the -following particulars, viz.:-- - - ---- The Period and Circumstances of the Original Formation of - the Regiment; The Stations at which it has been from time to time - employed; The Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations - in which it has been engaged, particularly specifying any - Achievement it may have performed, and the Colours, Trophies, - &c., it may have captured from the Enemy. - - ---- The Names of the Officers and the number of Non-Commissioned - Officers and Privates Killed or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying - the Place and Date of the Action. - - ---- The Names of those Officers who, in consideration of their - Gallant Services and Meritorious Conduct in Engagements with the - Enemy, have been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other - Marks of His Majesty's gracious favour. - - ---- The Names of all such Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers, - and Privates, as may have specially signalized themselves in - Action. - -And, - - ---- The Badges and Devices which the Regiment may have been - permitted to bear, and the Causes on account of which such Badges - or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted. - - By Command of the Right Honourable - GENERAL LORD HILL, - _Commanding-in-Chief_. - - JOHN MACDONALD, - _Adjutant-General_. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend -upon the zeal and ardour by which all who enter into its service -are animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that -any measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which -alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. - -Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable -object than a full display of the noble deeds with which the -Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright -examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to -incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have -preceded him in their honourable career, are among the motives that -have given rise to the present publication. - -The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the -"London Gazette," from whence they are transferred into the public -prints: the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the -time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute of praise and -admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, -the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on -the Commanders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their -orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill -and bravery; and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour -of their Sovereign's approbation, constitute the reward which the -soldier most highly prizes. - -It has not, however, until late years, been the practice (which -appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) -for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services -and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in -obtaining, particularly from the old Regiments, an authentic -account of their origin and subsequent services. - -This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty -having been pleased to command that every Regiment shall in future -keep a full and ample record of its services at home and abroad. - -From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth -derive information as to the difficulties and privations which -chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In -Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to -the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and -where these pursuits have, for so long a period, been undisturbed -by the _presence of war_, which few other countries have escaped, -comparatively little is known of the vicissitudes of active -service, and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during -peace, the British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, -with little or no interval of repose. - -In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country -derives from the industry and the enterprise of the agriculturist -and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to -reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor,--on -their sufferings,--and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which -so many national benefits are obtained and preserved. - -The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, -have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties; and -their character has been established in Continental warfare by the -irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in -spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and -steadiness with which they have maintained their advantages against -superior numbers. - -In the official Reports made by the respective Commanders, ample -justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the -Corps employed; but the details of their services, and of acts of -individual bravery, can only be fully given in the Annals of the -various Regiments. - -These Records are now preparing for publication, under His -Majesty's special authority, by Mr. RICHARD CANNON, Principal Clerk -of the Adjutant-General's Office; and while the perusal of them -cannot fail to be useful and interesting to military men of every -rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and -information to the general reader, particularly to those who may -have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. - -There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or -are serving, in the Army, an _Esprit de Corps_--an attachment -to everything belonging to their Regiment; to such persons a -narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove -interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great, the -valiant, the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with -a brave and civilized people. Great Britain has produced a race -of heroes who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood "firm -as the rocks of their native shore;" and when half the World has -been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their -Country with unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of -achievements in war,--victories so complete and surprising, gained -by our countrymen, our brothers, our fellow-citizens in arms,--a -record which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their -gallant deeds before us, will certainly prove acceptable to the -public. - -Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished -Officers will be introduced in the Records of their respective -Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to -time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testifying the value -and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth. - -As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment -will be printed in a distinct number, so that when the whole shall -be completed, the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession. - - - - -INTRODUCTION - -TO - -THE INFANTRY. - - -The natives of Britain have, at all periods, been celebrated for -innate courage and unshaken firmness, and the national superiority -of the British troops over those of other countries has been -evinced in the midst of the most imminent perils. History contains -so many proofs of extraordinary acts of bravery, that no doubts can -be raised upon the facts which are recorded. It must therefore be -admitted, that the distinguishing feature of the British soldier is -INTREPIDITY. This quality was evinced by the inhabitants of England -when their country was invaded by Julius Cæsar with a Roman army, -on which occasion the undaunted Britons rushed into the sea to -attack the Roman soldiers as they descended from their ships; and, -although their discipline and arms were inferior to those of their -adversaries, yet their fierce and dauntless bearing intimidated -the flower of the Roman troops, including Cæsar's favourite tenth -legion. Their arms consisted of spears, short swords, and other -weapons of rude construction. They had chariots, to the axles of -which were fastened sharp pieces of iron resembling scythe-blades, -and infantry in long chariots resembling waggons, who alighted and -fought on foot, and for change of ground, pursuit, or retreat, -sprang into the chariot and drove off with the speed of cavalry. -These inventions were, however, unavailing against Cæsar's -legions: in the course of time a military system, with discipline -and subordination, was introduced, and British courage, being -thus regulated, was exerted to the greatest advantage; a full -development of the national character followed, and it shone forth -in all its native brilliancy. - -The military force of the Anglo-Saxons consisted principally of -infantry: Thanes, and other men of property, however, fought on -horseback. The infantry were of two classes, heavy and light. The -former carried large shields armed with spikes, long broad swords -and spears; and the latter were armed with swords or spears only. -They had also men armed with clubs, others with battle-axes and -javelins. - -The feudal troops established by William the Conqueror consisted -(as already stated in the Introduction to the Cavalry) almost -entirely of horse; but when the warlike barons and knights, with -their trains of tenants and vassals, took the field, a proportion -of men appeared on foot, and, although these were of inferior -degree, they proved stout-hearted Britons of stanch fidelity. When -stipendiary troops were employed, infantry always constituted a -considerable portion of the military force; and this _arme_ has -since acquired, in every quarter of the globe, a celebrity never -exceeded by the armies of any nation at any period. - -The weapons carried by the infantry, during the several reigns -succeeding the Conquest, were bows and arrows, half-pikes, lances, -halberds, various kinds of battle-axes, swords, and daggers. Armour -was worn on the head and body, and in course of time the practice -became general for military men to be so completely cased in steel, -that it was almost impossible to slay them. - -The introduction of the use of gunpowder in the destructive -purposes of war, in the early part of the fourteenth -century, produced a change in the arms and equipment of the -infantry-soldier. Bows and arrows gave place to various kinds of -fire-arms, but British archers continued formidable adversaries; -and owing to the inconvenient construction and imperfect bore of -the fire-arms when first introduced, a body of men, well trained -in the use of the bow from their youth, was considered a valuable -acquisition to every army, even as late as the sixteenth century. - -During a great part of the reign of Queen Elizabeth each company -of infantry usually consisted of men armed five different ways; in -every hundred men forty were "_men-at-arms_," and sixty "_shot_;" -the "men-at-arms" were ten halberdiers, or battle-axe men, and -thirty pikemen; and the "shot" were twenty archers, twenty -musketeers, and twenty harquebusiers, and each man carried, besides -his principal weapon, a sword and dagger. - -Companies of infantry varied at this period in numbers from 150 -to 300 men; each company had a colour or ensign, and the mode of -formation recommended by an English military writer (Sir John -Smithe) in 1590 was:--the colour in the centre of the company -guarded by the halberdiers; the pikemen in equal proportions, on -each flank of the halberdiers; half the musketeers on each flank -of the pikes; half the archers on each flank of the musketeers; -and the harquebusiers (whose arms were much lighter than the -muskets then in use) in equal proportions on each flank of the -company for skirmishing.[1] It was customary to unite a number -of companies into one body, called a REGIMENT, which frequently -amounted to three thousand men; but each company continued to carry -a colour. Numerous improvements were eventually introduced in the -construction of fire-arms, and, it having been found impossible to -make armour proof against the muskets then in use (which carried -a very heavy ball) without its being too weighty for the soldier, -armour was gradually laid aside by the infantry in the seventeenth -century: bows and arrows also fell into disuse, and the infantry -were reduced to two classes, viz.: _musketeers_, armed with -matchlock muskets, swords, and daggers; and _pikemen_, armed with -pikes from fourteen to eighteen feet long, and swords. - -In the early part of the seventeenth century Gustavus Adolphus, -King of Sweden, reduced the strength of regiments to 1000 men; he -caused the gunpowder, which had heretofore been carried in flasks, -or in small wooden bandoliers, each containing a charge, to be -made up into cartridges, and carried in pouches; and he formed -each regiment into two wings of musketeers, and a centre division -of pikemen. He also adopted the practice of forming four regiments -into a brigade; and the number of colours was afterwards reduced to -three in each regiment. He formed his columns so compactly that his -infantry could resist the charge of the celebrated Polish horsemen -and Austrian cuirassiers; and his armies became the admiration of -other nations. His mode of formation was copied by the English, -French, and other European states; but so great was the prejudice -in favour of ancient customs, that all his improvements were not -adopted until near a century afterwards. - -In 1664 King Charles II. raised a corps for sea-service, styled -the Admiral's regiment. In 1678 each company of 100 men usually -consisted of 30 pikemen, 60 musketeers, and 10 men armed with light -firelocks. In this year the king added a company of men armed with -hand-grenades to each of the old British regiments, which was -designated the "grenadier company." Daggers were so contrived as to -fit in the muzzles of the muskets, and bayonets similar to those -at present in use were adopted about twenty years afterwards. - -An Ordnance regiment was raised in 1685, by order of King James -II., to guard the artillery, and was designated the Royal Fusiliers -(now 7th Foot). This corps, and the companies of grenadiers, did -not carry pikes. - -King William III. incorporated the Admiral's regiment in the Second -Foot Guards, and raised two Marine regiments for sea-service. -During the war in this reign, each company of infantry (excepting -the fusiliers and grenadiers) consisted of 14 pikemen and 46 -musketeers; the captains carried pikes; lieutenants, partisans; -ensigns, half-pikes; and serjeants, halberds. After the peace in -1697 the Marine regiments were disbanded, but were again formed on -the breaking out of the war in 1702.[2] - -During the reign of Queen Anne the pikes were laid aside, and every -infantry soldier was armed with a musket, bayonet, and sword; the -grenadiers ceased, about the same period, to carry hand-grenades; -and the regiments were directed to lay aside their third colour: -the corps of Royal Artillery was first added to the army in this -reign. - -About the year 1745, the men of the battalion companies of infantry -ceased to carry swords; during the reign of George II. light -companies were added to infantry regiments; and in 1764 a Board of -General Officers recommended that the grenadiers should lay aside -their swords, as that weapon had never been used during the seven -years' war. Since that period the arms of the infantry soldier have -been limited to the musket and bayonet. - -The arms and equipment of the British troops have seldom differed -materially, since the Conquest, from those of other European -states; and in some respects the arming has, at certain periods, -been allowed to be inferior to that of the nations with whom they -have had to contend; yet, under this disadvantage, the bravery and -superiority of the British infantry have been evinced on very many -and most trying occasions, and splendid victories have been gained -over very superior numbers. - -Great Britain has produced a race of lion-like champions who have -dared to confront a host of foes, and have proved themselves -valiant with any arms. At _Crecy_, King Edward III., at the head -of about 30,000 men, defeated, on the 26th of August, 1346, Philip -King of France, whose army is said to have amounted to 100,000 -men; here British valour encountered veterans of renown:--the -King of Bohemia, the King of Majorca, and many princes and nobles -were slain, and the French army was routed and cut to pieces. Ten -years afterwards, Edward Prince of Wales, who was designated the -Black Prince, defeated, at _Poictiers_, with 14,000 men, a French -army of 60,000 horse, besides infantry, and took John I., King of -France, and his son Philip, prisoners. On the 25th of October, -1415, King Henry V., with an army of about 13,000 men, although -greatly exhausted by marches, privations, and sickness, defeated, -at _Agincourt_, the Constable of France, at the head of the flower -of the French nobility and an army said to amount to 60,000 men, -and gained a complete victory. - -During the seventy years' war between the United Provinces of the -Netherlands and the Spanish monarch, which commenced in 1578 and -terminated in 1648, the British infantry in the service of the -States-General were celebrated for their unconquerable spirit and -firmness;[3] and in the thirty years' war between the Protestant -Princes and the Emperor of Germany, the British troops in the -service of Sweden and other states were celebrated for deeds of -heroism.[4] In the wars of Queen Anne, the fame of the British -army under the great MARLBOROUGH was spread throughout the world; -and if we glance at the achievements performed within the memory -of persons now living, there is abundant proof that the Britons -of the present age are not inferior to their ancestors in the -qualities which constitute good soldiers. Witness the deeds of -the brave men, of whom there are many now surviving, who fought in -Egypt in 1801, under the brave Abercromby, and compelled the French -army, which had been vainly styled _Invincible_, to evacuate that -country; also the services of the gallant Troops during the arduous -campaigns in the Peninsula, under the immortal WELLINGTON; and -the determined stand made by the British Army at Waterloo, where -Napoleon Bonaparte, who had long been the inveterate enemy of Great -Britain, and had sought and planned her destruction by every means -he could devise, was compelled to leave his vanquished legions to -their fate, and to place himself at the disposal of the British -Government. These achievements, with others of recent dates in the -distant climes of India, prove that the same valour and constancy -which glowed in the breasts of the heroes of Crecy, Poictiers, -Agincourt, Blenheim, and Ramilies, continue to animate the Britons -of the nineteenth century. - -The British Soldier is distinguished for a robust and muscular -frame,--intrepidity which no danger can appal,--unconquerable -spirit and resolution,--patience in fatigue and privation, and -cheerful obedience to his superiors. These qualities, united with -an excellent system of order and discipline to regulate and give -a skilful direction to the energies and adventurous spirit of -the hero, and a wise selection of officers of superior talent to -command, whose presence inspires confidence,--have been the leading -causes of the splendid victories gained by the British arms.[5] -The fame of the deeds of the past and present generations in the -various battle-fields where the robust sons of Albion have fought -and conquered, surrounds the British arms with an halo of glory; -these achievements will live in the page of history to the end of -time. - -The records of the several regiments will be found to contain a -detail of facts of an interesting character, connected with the -hardships, sufferings, and gallant exploits of British soldiers in -the various parts of the world where the calls of their Country -and the commands of their Sovereign have required them to proceed -in the execution of their duty, whether in active continental -operations, or in maintaining colonial territories in distant and -unfavourable climes. - -The superiority of the British infantry has been pre-eminently set -forth in the wars of six centuries, and admitted by the greatest -commanders which Europe has produced. The formations and movements -of this _arme_, as at present practised, while they are adapted -to every species of warfare, and to all probable situations -and circumstances of service, are calculated to show forth the -brilliancy of military tactics calculated upon mathematical and -scientific principles. Although the movements and evolutions have -been copied from the continental armies, yet various improvements -have from time to time been introduced, to ensure that simplicity -and celerity by which the superiority of the national military -character is maintained. The rank and influence which Great Britain -has attained among the nations of the world have in a great measure -been purchased by the valour of the Army, and to persons who have -the welfare of their country at heart, the records of the several -regiments cannot fail to prove interesting. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] A company of 200 men would appear thus:-- - - __| - | | - |__| - | - 20 20 20 30 2|0 30 20 20 20 - - Harquebuses. Muskets. Halberds. Muskets. Harquebuses. - Archers. Pikes. Pikes. Archers. - -The musket carried a ball which weighed 1/10 of a pound; and the -harquebus a ball which weighed 1/25 of a pound. - -[2] The 30th, 31st, and 32nd Regiments were formed as Marine corps -in 1702, and were employed as such during the wars in the reign -of Queen Anne. The Marine corps were embarked in the Fleet under -Admiral Sir George Rooke, and were at the taking of Gibraltar, and -in its subsequent defence in 1704; they were afterwards employed at -the siege of Barcelona in 1705. - -[3] The brave Sir Roger Williams, in his Discourse on War, printed -in 1590, observes:--"I persuade myself ten thousand of our nation -would beat thirty thousand of theirs (the Spaniards) out of the -field, let them be chosen where they list." Yet at this time the -Spanish infantry was allowed to be the best disciplined in Europe. -For instances of valour displayed by the British Infantry during -the Seventy Years' War, see the Historical Record of the Third Foot -or Buffs. - -[4] Vide the Historical Record of the First, or Royal Regiment of -Foot. - -[5] "Under the blessing of Divine Providence, His Majesty ascribes -the successes which have attended the exertions of his troops in -Egypt to that determined bravery which is inherent in Britons; but -His Majesty desires it may be most solemnly and forcibly impressed -on the consideration of every part of the army, that it has been a -strict observance of order, discipline, and military system, which -has given the full energy to the native valour of the troops, and -has enabled them proudly to assert the superiority of the national -military character, in situations uncommonly arduous, and under -circumstances of peculiar difficulty."--_General Orders in 1801._ - -In the General Orders issued by Lieut.-General Sir John Hope -(afterwards Lord Hopetoun), congratulating the army upon the -successful result of the Battle of Corunna, on the 16th of January, -1809, it is stated:--"On no occasion has the undaunted valour of -British troops ever been more manifest. At the termination of a -severe and harassing march, rendered necessary by the superiority -which the enemy had acquired, and which had materially impaired -the efficiency of the troops, many disadvantages were to be -encountered. These have all been surmounted by the conduct of the -troops themselves; and the enemy has been taught, that whatever -advantages of position or of numbers he may possess, there is -inherent in the British officers and soldiers a bravery that knows -not how to yield,--that no circumstances can appal,--and that will -ensure victory when it is to be obtained by the exertion of any -human means." - - - - - HISTORICAL RECORD - - OF - - THE SEVENTH REGIMENT, - - OR - - THE ROYAL FUSILIERS: - - CONTAINING - - AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT - IN 1685, - - AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES - TO 1846. - - - COMPILED BY - - RICHARD CANNON, ESQ., - ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, HORSE-GUARDS. - - - ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. - - - LONDON: - PARKER, FURNIVALL, & PARKER, - 30 CHARING CROSS. - - MDCCCXLVII. - - - - - LONDON: Printed by W. CLOWES and SONS, Duke Street, Stamford Street, - For Her Majesty's Stationery Office. - - - - - THE SEVENTH REGIMENT, - - OR - - THE ROYAL FUSILIERS, - - BEARS IN THE CENTRE OF ITS REGIMENTAL COLOUR, - THE _ROSE_ WITHIN THE _GARTER_ AND THE _CROWN_ OVER IT; - AND IN THE CORNER _THE WHITE HORSE_; - - ALSO THE WORD - - "MARTINIQUE," - - FOR ITS GALLANT CONDUCT AT THE CAPTURE OF THAT ISLAND IN 1809; - - AND THE WORDS - - "TALAVERA," "ALBUHERA," "BADAJOZ," - "SALAMANCA," "VITTORIA," "PYRENEES," "ORTHES," - "TOULOUSE," "PENINSULA," - - TO COMMEMORATE ITS DISTINGUISHED SERVICES IN THE - PENINSULA AND SOUTH OF FRANCE - FROM 1809 TO 1814. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - YEAR PAGE - - 1685 Formation of the Regiment 1 - - ---- Names of Officers 3 - - ---- Uniform of the Regiment 4 - - 1688 Augmentation of the Establishment 6 - - 1689 Proceeds to Holland 8 - - ---- Battle of Walcourt - - - 1690 Returns to England 9 - - ---- Proceeds to Ireland, and is engaged in the Sieges - of Cork and Kinsale 10 - - 1691 Embarks for Flanders -- - - ---- Serves the Campaign under King William III. 11 - - 1692 Battle of Steenkirk -- - - 1693 Battle of Landen 13 - - 1694 Reviewed by King William III. 15 - - 1695 Siege of Namur 16 - - 1696 Arrives at Gravesend, but returns to Flanders - without landing in England 18 - - ---- Joins the Army of Flanders under the Prince of - Vaudemont -- - - 1697 Returns to England -- - - ---- Placed on a Peace Establishment -- - - 1698 Proceeds to Jersey and Guernsey -- - - 1702 Forms part of the force employed in the Expedition - under the Duke of Ormond against Cadiz 19 - - 1702 Capture of the Towns of Rota, Port St. Mary's, and - Fort St. Catherine 19 - - ---- Sails for England, after having destroyed the Enemy's - Shipping at Vigo 20 - - 1703 Employed as Marines on board the Fleet -- - - 1705 Stationed at Plymouth -- - - 1706 Proceeds to Barcelona 21 - - 1707 Stationed in Spain -- - - ---- Capture of Lerida 22 - - 1708 Returns to England -- - - 1709 Proceeds to Spain 23 - - 1710 } - TO } Stationed at Minorca -- - 1719 } - - ---- Returns to England -- - - 1719 } - TO } Stationed in Ireland -- - 1727 } - - 1734 Proceeds to Gibraltar -- - - 1749 Returns to Ireland -- - - 1751 Authorized by Royal Warrant to continue to bear - certain Distinctions 24 - - 1755 Arrives in England from Ireland -- - - 1756 Serves as Marines on board the Fleet under - Admiral Byng -- - - ---- Engaged with the French Fleet off Minorca -- - - ---- Forms part of the Garrison of Gibraltar -- - - 1763 Embarks for England -- - - 1765 Proceeds to Scotland -- - - 1770 Returns to England -- - - 1773 Embarks for Canada -- - - 1775 Forms part of the Garrison of St. John's and Fort - Chambly 25 - - ---- Siege of Quebec 26 - - 1776 Operations in Canada 27 - - ---- Proceeds to New York -- - - 1777 Action at Staten Island -- - - ---- Capture of Forts Montgomery, Clinton, and - Constitution 29 - - ---- Engaged with the Americans at Philadelphia 30 - - 1779 Capture of Newhaven -- - - ---- Expedition against Fairfield and Norwalk 31 - - 1780 Capture of Charleston 32 - - 1781 Engagement at Cow-Pens 33 - - 1782 Stationed in South Carolina and New York -- - - 1783 Returns to England 34 - - ---- Reduction of Establishment -- - - 1786 Proceeds to Scotland -- - - 1790 Embarks for Gibraltar -- - - 1791 Proceeds to Canada -- - - 1794 Stationed in Nova Scotia -- - - 1795 Formed into two Battalions 35 - - 1796 Incorporated into one Battalion -- - - 1802 Proceeds to Bermuda and the Bahamas 36 - - 1804 A second Battalion added -- - - 1806 Returns to England 37 - - 1807 The First Battalion proceeds to Ireland -- - - ---- ------------------- embarks for Denmark -- - - ---- Siege of Copenhagen -- - - ---- The First Battalion returns to England -- - - 1808 ------------------- embarks for Nova Scotia 38 - - ---- The Second Battalion proceeds to Ireland -- - - 1809 Capture of Martinique -- - - ---- Authorized to bear the word "MARTINIQUE" on its Colours 41 - - ---- Returns to Nova Scotia -- - - ---- The Second Battalion proceeds to Portugal 45 - - ---- Expulsion of the French from Oporto -- - - 1809 Battle of Talavera 46 - - ---- Authorized to bear the word "TALAVERA" on its Colours 48 - - 1810 Removal of the First Battalion from North America - to the Peninsula 49 - - ---- Battle of Busaco 50 - - 1811 Siege of Olivenza 53 - - ---- Blockade of Badajoz -- - - ---- Battle of Albuhera 54 - - ---- Authorized to bear the word "ALBUHERA" on its Colours 62 - - ---- Blockade of Ciudad Rodrigo 65 - - ---- Action at Aldea de Pont -- - - 1812 Capture of Ciudad Rodrigo 66 - - ---- Siege of Badajoz 67 - - ---- Authorized to bear the word "BADAJOZ" on its Colours 69 - - ---- Battle of Salamanca 71 - - ---- Authorized to bear the word "SALAMANCA" on its Colours 72 - - 1813 Attack on the village of Montevite 74 - - ---- Battle of Vittoria 75 - - ---- Authorized to bear the word "VITTORIA" on its Colours -- - - ---- Blockade of Pampeluna 76 - - ---- Battle of the Pyrenees -- - - ---- Authorized to bear the word "PYRENEES" on its Colours 79 - - ---- Passage of the Bidassoa -- - - 1814 Battle of Orthes 80 - - ---- Authorized to bear the word "ORTHES" on its Colours -- - - ---- Battle of Toulouse 81 - - ---- Returns to England 82 - - 1814 First Battalion proceeds to North America 83 - - 1815 Operations against New Orleans 84 - - ---- Attack on Mobile and Capture of Fort Bowyer 87 - - ---- Embarks for England -- - - ---- Proceeds to Flanders -- - - ---- Advances to Paris -- - - ---- Second Battalion disbanded 88 - - ---- A Recruiting Company added to the First Battalion -- - - 1816 Forms part of the Army of Occupation in France -- - - 1817 } - } Reduction of Establishment 89 - 1818 } - - 1818 Returns to England 90 - - ---- Proceeds to Ireland -- - - 1820 Embarks for Scotland -- - - 1821 Marches to England -- - - 1825 Divided into Service and Depôt Companies 91 - - ---- Service Companies embark for the Ionian Islands -- - - 1828 Stationed at Malta -- - - 1833 Depôt Companies proceed to Ireland -- - - 1836 Service Companies return to England -- - - ---- Presentation of a piece of plate by command of - His Majesty King William IV. -- - - 1837 Service Companies proceed to Ireland 92 - - 1839 Service Companies embark for Gibraltar -- - - 1841 Depôt Companies proceed to England -- - - 1844 Service Companies embark for the West Indies -- - - 1845 Depôt Companies return to Ireland -- - - 1846 The Conclusion 93 - - - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. - - - YEAR PAGE - - 1685 George Lord Dartmouth 95 - - 1689 John Earl of Marlborough 98 - - 1692 Lord George Hamilton 103 - - 1692 Edward Fitzpatrick 104 - - ---- Sir Charles O'Hara 105 - - 1713 The Honourable James O'Hara 106 - - 1739 William Hargrave 107 - - 1751 John Mostyn -- - - 1754 Lord Robert Bertie 108 - - 1776 Richard Prescott -- - - 1788 The Honourable William Gordon -- - - 1789 His Royal Highness The Duke of Kent 109 - - 1801 Sir Alured Clarke 113 - - 1832 Sir Edward Blakeney -- - - - - -PLATES. - - - Colours of the Regiment To face page 1 - - Costume of the Regiment in 1742 24 - - ----------------------- in 1846 92 - - -[Illustration: Colours of the Seventh Royal Fusiliers.] - - - - -HISTORICAL RECORD - -OF - -THE SEVENTH REGIMENT, - -OR - -THE ROYAL FUSILIERS. - - -[Sidenote: 1685] - -The invention of gunpowder was speedily followed by the -introduction of cannon; but many years elapsed before a corps of -artillery was added to the army. The guns were fired by men hired -for the purpose, under the direction of a master-gunner, and an -officer styled the Master of the Ordnance, and the whole were under -the orders of the Master-general of the Ordnance. Non-commissioned -officers and private soldiers of infantry regiments were frequently -employed as gunners; and the care and protection of the guns were -confided to particular corps. On the augmentation of the army -during the rebellion of JAMES DUKE OF MONMOUTH, in the summer of -1685, King James II. resolved, that the first infantry corps raised -on that occasion should be an ORDNANCE REGIMENT, for the care and -protection of the cannon; of which corps His Majesty appointed -GEORGE LORD DARTMOUTH, then Master-general of the Ordnance, -colonel, by commission dated the 11th of June, 1685. - -The regular regiments of foot were composed, at this period, of -MUSKETEERS,--men armed with muskets and swords; PIKEMEN,--armed -with long pikes and swords; and GRENADIERS,--armed with -hand-grenades, muskets, bayonets, swords, and small hatchets; but -in the ORDNANCE REGIMENT every man carried a long musket called a -_fusil_, with a sword and bayonet, from which peculiarity in the -arming, the regiment obtained the designation of "FUSILIERS;" and -the King being desirous of appearing publicly to patronize this new -corps, conferred upon it the title of "ROYAL FUSILIERS."[6] - -Regiments of infantry had, originally, a colour to each _company_, -which was called an _ensign_, and was carried by the junior -subaltern officer of each company, who was styled "ancient," and -afterwards "ensign," which term signified "colour-bearer." The -regiments of fusiliers did not have colours or ensigns to each -company, consequently the title of ensign or colour-bearer was -not given to the junior subaltern officer of each company; but -having, in consequence of the peculiar services they were called -upon to perform, a care and responsibility equal to that of a -lieutenant, both the subaltern officers of each company were styled -lieutenants. They were both placed on the same rate of pay; but the -terms _first lieutenant_ and _second lieutenant_ were used in their -commissions for several years, and afterwards discontinued. - -The regiment consisted of thirteen companies,--twelve of fusiliers -and one of miners; each company consisting of three officers, -three serjeants, three corporals, two drummers, and one hundred -private men. The two first companies were of very old date; having -been independent companies in the Tower of London many years; the -other ten companies were raised in London and its vicinity by -GEORGE LORD DARTMOUTH,[7] Lieutenant-Colonel THOMAS TALMASH or -Tollemache, afterwards colonel of the fifth foot and second foot -guards; Richard Fowler, Major Beckman, Henry Cornwall, Sir John -Morgan, John Boyce, Thomas Whalley, Charles Fitzwilliams, and Henry -Vaughan; and the company of miners by Captain James Adams. THOMAS -TALMASH was appointed to the lieutenant-colonelcy; and Robert St. -Clair, who commanded one of the old independent companies, obtained -the commission of major. The uniform was scarlet coats, lined with -yellow; grey breeches and grey stockings; and the men wore yellow -cloth caps, ornamented with military devices similar to those -afterwards adopted for grenadiers; the other regiments of foot wore -round hats with broad brims turned up on one side. - -The regiment was speedily raised, and on the 4th of July the -several companies were directed to proceed to the Tower of London, -and perform the duties of that fortress. The rebellion being soon -afterwards suppressed, and the Duke of Monmouth beheaded, the -regiment was reduced to eleven companies of fusiliers, of three -officers, three serjeants, three corporals, two drummers, and fifty -private soldiers each; and one company of miners, of two officers, -one serjeant, two corporals, one drummer, and forty miners. - -After the suppression of the rebellion, King James formed a camp -on Hounslow-heath; where the Scots brigade in the service of -Holland, and a numerous body of English cavalry and infantry, -were assembled, and the ROYAL FUSILIERS proceeded to the camp in -charge of the train of artillery. When the camp was broken up, -the regiment returned with the guns to the Tower of London, from -whence three companies were detached to Sheerness, where they were -directed to remain in garrison.[8] - -[Sidenote: 1686] - -During the summer of 1686 the ROYAL FUSILIERS were again encamped -in charge of the train of artillery on Hounslow-heath. The corps -assembled on the heath consisted of three troops of life guards, -nine regiments of cuirassiers, three of dragoons, and thirteen -battalions of foot. In a description of the camp, written at -the time, and published in the Antiquarian Repertory, it is -stated:--"The horse, foot, and dragoons are encamped in a straight -line; the intervals between the foot is seventy paces, the -intervals between each regiment of horse about fifty paces, and the -interval between the horse on the left and the dragoons (because -of the ground) is near half mile. The lieutenants' and ensigns' -tents are in the rear of the respective companies in a direct line, -seventeen paces from the soldiers' huts or tents; the captains' -tents twelve paces behind the lieutenants'; the colonels' tents -behind the captains', ten paces; the lieutenant-colonel on the -right of the colonel, and the major on the left in a direct line. -The brigadier-generals have their tents twenty paces behind the -colonels'. The King's tent and chappel is in the rear of the left -of the horse on the left, and the general officers' tents behind -the King's. The FUSILIERS are encamped in the rear of the line, -a good distance behind the interval between the Earl of Craven's -regiment and the Scots guards; and in several parties about the -horse carriages. The guns are planted about a hundred paces before -the line, before the interval between the Scots guards and Prince -George's regiment, guarded by a party of FUSILIERS; each gun having -two gunners and a matrosse to attend it. The suttling booths are -about two hundred paces in the rear of the line." - -In August the ROYAL FUSILIERS struck their tents, and, returning to -the Tower with the guns, were stationed at that fortress during the -remainder of the year. - -[Sidenote: 1687] - -The establishment was again augmented to thirteen companies in the -spring of 1687, as appears by the following warrant:-- - - "JAMES R. - -"Whereas we have thought fit to add one company more to Our -ROYAL REGIMENT OF FUSILIERS, and to apply the pay of one of the -non-regimented companies mentioned in Our establishment to the -entertainment of the said company of Fusiliers, with the addition -of one shilling per diem to the youngest lieutenant, and one -shilling and sixpence for the pay of one serjeant, and one shilling -for one drummer more, Our will and pleasure is, that you include -the pay of the said company, and additional allowances, within the -certificates or debentures you shall from time to time make out -for the pay of Our said ROYAL REGIMENT OF FUSILIERS, to commence -from the 1st of January last; and for so doing this shall be your -sufficient warrant. - -"Given at Our Court at Whitehall this 12th day of March, 1686-7, in -the third year of Our reign. - -"By His Majesty's Command. - - (Signed) "SUNDERLAND P. SHEP. FOX. - "BELLASIS. J. ERNLE. - - "_To the Paymaster-General_, - _&c. &c. &c._" - - -[Sidenote: 1688] - -In the summer of 1687 and 1688, the ROYAL FUSILIERS were again -encamped on Hounslow-heath. On the 1st of September, 1688, an -augmentation of ten men per company was made to the establishment, -which consisted, at this period, of eleven companies of fusiliers, -one of grenadiers, and one of miners. - -The King having manifested a determination to establish papacy and -arbitrary government, many noblemen and gentlemen solicited the -aid of William Henry Prince of Orange to enable them to oppose the -proceedings of the court. On the receipt of information of warlike -preparations in Holland, a strong detachment of the ROYAL FUSILIERS -embarked on board of men-of-war, to serve as marines, and sailed -to the Nore. The fleet was commanded by their colonel, Admiral -Lord Dartmouth, whose loyalty to King James II. was not doubted; -but the rear-admiral, Sir John Barry, and many of the captains, -inferior officers, and seamen, entertained sentiments favourable to -the Prince of Orange; no collision, however, took place. While the -English fleet was wind-bound at the mouth of the Thames, the Dutch -armament passed along the British Channel with little molestation; -the wind becoming more favourable, the English navy put to sea; but -the Prince of Orange was so far in advance, that he landed on the -Devonshire coast, on the 5th of November, without interruption; -and the wind changed immediately afterwards, and blew with such -violence, that the English fleet was driven into Portsmouth harbour -in a damaged condition. The sentiments entertained in the navy were -also prevalent in the army; the troops refused to fight in the -cause of Papacy and arbitrary government, and King James fled to -France. The ROYAL FUSILIERS landed and were ordered by the Prince -of Orange to occupy quarters at Barnet. - -From this period the ROYAL FUSILIERS ceased to be considered -exclusively as an ORDNANCE REGIMENT, and took their turn of duty -with the regular regiments of the line: the regiment was not, -however, furnished with a division of pikemen; but every man -continued to be armed with a fusil. - -[Sidenote: 1689] - -Six companies were removed from Barnet to Yarmouth, where they took -part, in February, 1689, in the proclamation of the accession of -King William III. and Queen Mary to the throne. Shortly afterwards -the regiment embarked for Holland, forming part of the force under -Lieutenant-General the Earl of Marlborough, sent to assist the -Dutch in their war with France in the place of the troops which the -Prince of Orange had brought with him to England. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS joined the Dutch army at Tongres, and served -the campaign of this year under Prince Waldeck. On the 25th of -August a piquet under Colonel Hodges was attacked by the French -forces under Marshal de Humières near _Walcourt_, and a sharp -action ensued, in which the English infantry evinced firmness -and intrepidity. The French were defeated with the loss of two -thousand men killed and wounded; and King William, writing to the -Earl of Marlborough on this subject, observed,--"I am very happy -that my troops behaved so well at Walcourt. It is to you that this -advantage is principally owing."[9] In a few days after this event -King William conferred the colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, which -had been vacant some time, in consequence of the removal of Lord -Dartmouth for adhering to the interests of King James, on the EARL -OF MARLBOROUGH, who held also the colonelcy of the third troop of -life guards. - -[Sidenote: 1690] - -Before the following campaign the regiment returned to England, -where it was stationed while King William was in Ireland, -endeavouring to rescue that country from the power of King James, -who had proceeded thither with a body of troops from France. - -King William having defeated the Irish forces and their French -allies at the Boyne, besieged Limerick. "During the time His -Majesty was before the town, it was proposed by the Earl of -Nottingham to My Lord Marlborough, and afterwards approved of in -council, as very advantageous to their Majesties' affairs, to send -a party from England, who, joining with a detachment from the -King's army, might reduce the two important garrisons of _Cork_ -and _Kinsale_, and arrangements were made accordingly; but not -being ready so soon as was designed, His Majesty, upon his return -to England, sent the EARL OF MARLBOROUGH, with his own regiment -of FUSILIERS, Brigadier Trelawny's (now fourth), Princess Anne's -(eight), Colonel Hastings' (thirteenth), Colonel Hales', Sir David -Collier's, Colonel Fitzpatrick's, one hundred of the Duke of -Bolton's, two hundred of Monmouth's under Major Johnston, with Lord -Torrington's and Lord Pembroke's marine regiments, to undertake -this service."[10] Arriving at _Cork_ roads on the 21st of -September, the fleet entered the harbour on the following day, and -the co-operation of part of the army on shore having been secured, -the ROYAL FUSILIERS and other corps landed and commenced the siege. -A breach having been made, the ROYAL FUSILIERS and three other -English regiments, commanded by Brigadier-General Churchill, and a -body of Danes, passed the river wading up to the arm-pits to the -east marsh, in order to storm the wall on that side. The grenadiers -led the attack; but before they gained the breach, the Irish hung -out a white flag, and agreed to surrender; the garrison, consisting -of six regiments, became prisoners of war. - -From Cork the ROYAL FUSILIERS advanced towards _Kinsale_; the -garrison vacated the town and retired to two strong forts. One of -these forts was speedily reduced; the other held out until the -middle of October, when the garrison surrendered on the condition -of being permitted to proceed to Limerick. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS were afterwards placed in garrison at Kinsale, -where they remained three months. - -[Sidenote: 1691] - -The loss of the battle of Fleurus on the 21st of June, 1690, by the -Dutch troops under Prince Waldeck, gave the French the ascendancy -over the confederates in Flanders; and the ROYAL FUSILIERS were -selected to augment the forces in that country, where His Majesty -resolved to command in person. The regiment embarked from Cork -in January 1691, and sailing for Flanders experienced very -severe weather at sea, and two vessels, having on board part of -the FUSILIERS, were wrecked on the English coast, and many men -perished. The remainder of the regiment landed at Ostend and went -into quarters in West Flanders, where it was joined by a fine -body of recruits and by a number of men who had been left sick at -Kinsale. - -When the army took the field, the ROYAL FUSILIERS were formed in -brigade with the regiments of Bath (tenth), Hodges (sixteenth), and -Fitzpatrick (afterwards disbanded), commanded by Brigadier-General -Churchill, and served the campaign of this year with the main army -commanded by King William; but no general engagement occurred. -The regiment passed the winter in cantonments among the Belgic -peasantry. - -[Sidenote: 1692] - -The Earl of Marlborough, having fallen under the displeasure of -King William, was removed from his commands, and was succeeded in -the colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS by Lord GEORGE HAMILTON by -commission dated the 23rd of January, 1692. - -On the army taking the field, the regiment was again placed in the -brigade commanded by Brigadier-General Churchill, and it served -at the battle of _Steenkirk_ on the 24th of July, 1692. On this -occasion the leading column attacked the French forces commanded by -Marshal Luxemburg with signal gallantry and success; but owing to -the thick woods, with narrow and difficult defiles, which the army -had to pass, together with the tardiness of Count Solms in obeying -His Majesty's commands, some delay occurred. The ROYAL FUSILIERS -and a few other corps hastened through the defiles, and formed -line at the skirts of the wood, where they were exposed to a heavy -cannonade, and lost several men. In consequence of the delay which -had occurred, the King ordered a retreat, and the French did not -venture to attack the army in its retrograde movement. - -Sir Robert Douglas having been killed in the act of rescuing the -colours of the first battalion of the Royals from the enemy, -was succeeded in the colonelcy of that regiment by Lord George -Hamilton; and the command of the ROYAL FUSILIERS was conferred on -Colonel EDWARD FITZPATRICK, from a newly-raised regiment, which had -been disbanded. - -On the 22nd of August the regiment was detached from the main army, -with several other corps, under Lieutenant-General Talmash, to -Furnes, where the troops encamped until the fortifications were put -in a state of defence; the ROYAL FUSILIERS afterwards proceeded to -Dixmude, and were employed in repairing the works;[11] and after -the completion of this service, they marched into quarters at -Ghent, where they passed the winter. - -[Sidenote: 1693] - -Leaving Ghent in May, 1693, the regiment was in line at the -celebrated position of Parck camp, where it was formed in brigade -with the Royals (first), Queen Dowager's (second), Prince George -of Denmark's (third), and the Queen's (fourth) regiments under -Brigadier-General Churchill. After several movements the army was -posted near the village of _Landen_, where it was attacked on -the 19th of July by a French army of very superior numbers under -Marshal Luxemburg. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS were posted near the right of the confederate -army, where a slight entrenchment had been made during the -preceding night. As the first rays of morning light appeared in -the horizon, waving masses of glittering arms, traversing the -undulating grounds in front, gave indication of an approaching -enemy, when the artillery opened a heavy fire, and the battle -began. For some time the FUSILIERS were spectators of the -action, while much fighting took place at the villages of Laér, -Neer-Winden, Neer-Landen, and the fortune of the day was everywhere -in favour of the confederates; but eventually the position was -forced at the village of Neer-Winden, and the Hanoverian Cavalry -were broken. Heavy columns of pikemen and musketeers, consisting -of the French brigades of Vermandois, Nice, Roussillon, and Sare, -flanked by dragoons, and preceded by a cloud of grenadiers, -approached the ground where the ROYAL FUSILIERS were posted. -Colonel Fitzpatrick was at the head of the regiment, and directed -the men to reserve their fire until the near approach of their -opponents. As the French soldiers sprang forward with their -characteristic energy, and threw a shower of hand-grenades over -the breast-work, a well-directed volley from the FUSILIERS rent -chasms in the French ranks; but the survivors, being supported by -an immense superiority of numbers, and urged forward by Marshal -Villeroy, renewed the attack; while the marshal led a chosen body -of men to the charge, and forced the right of the entrenchment. -The ROYAL FUSILIERS, and other corps at this part of the field, -were attacked in front and flank, and a sanguinary conflict ensued. -Colonel Fitzpatrick was carried from the field wounded, yet the -FUSILIERS stood their ground; ranks of opponents ascended the -breast-work, and were speedily cut down or forced back. At length -the British battalions were overpowered and driven from their -ground. Stung with resentment at this disaster, they speedily -rallied, and, rushing sword in hand upon their opponents, they -once more regained the lost ground. A momentary pause ensued; but -soon a fresh body of opponents renewed the fight, and the British -regiments were again overpowered by superior numbers. The FUSILIERS -evinced the stern valour of British soldiers; their commanding -officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Whalley, fell mortally wounded; Major -Wilson was removed bleeding to the rear; yet they disputed the -ground with sanguinary tenacity until all chance of ultimate -success had passed away, when they withdrew from the field, -and joining a large body of infantry under Lieutenant-General -Talmash, retired by the brook Beck upon Dormal, and thence to -Lewe. The enemy attempted to interrupt the retreat; but the -British battalions facing about to confront their pursuers, the -French halted, and the retrograde movement of this body of men -was performed with trifling loss; the remainder of the army had, -however, to pass the river Gheet by a narrow bridge, and the -defiles becoming choked with gun-carriages, the rear was severely -handled by the French, and the King narrowly escaped being taken -prisoner. - -The loss of the regiment on this occasion was very severe: among -the killed were Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Whalley, an officer -of distinguished merit, who raised one of the companies of the -regiment at its formation in 1685, and Lieutenants Fairbrother, -Cooper, and Blackmore; Captain Ruthwin died of his wounds: among -the wounded were Colonel Edward Fitzpatrick, Major Wilson, Captains -Harte, Betsworth, and Withers, and Lieutenant Fletcher; the loss in -non-commissioned officers and private soldiers was very great; but -the exact number has not been ascertained. - -The regiment was employed in the movements of the main army until -the end of the campaign, when it returned to Ghent, where it was -stationed during the winter, together with three battalions of -foot-guards, and the Queen Dowager's regiment of foot. - -[Sidenote: 1694] - -In the spring of 1694 a numerous body of recruits from England -replaced the losses of the preceding campaign, and when the -regiment took the field, it was reviewed by King William, and -complimented on its martial appearance, and the steadiness with -which it performed the simple manœuvres practised at that period. -It served in the brigade under the orders of Brigadier-General -Erle, and performed many long and toilsome marches in Flanders and -Brabant; but no general engagement occurred, and it passed another -winter in barracks at Ghent. - -[Sidenote: 1695] - -When the season for taking the field, in the spring of 1695, -arrived, the British monarch appeared at the head of a splendid -army of British, Spaniards, Dutch, and Germans; in the preceding -years His Majesty had been satisfied with arresting the progress -of the French arms; but in 1695 he resolved to wrest the strong -and important fortress of _Namur_ from the power of Louis XIV. -Colonel Fitzpatrick, having been eighteen months in England to -recover of his wounds, rejoined the army on the 19th of June, and -was placed at the head of a brigade, of which his own regiment of -FUSILIERS formed part. King William attacked Fort Kenoyne, and -having drawn the French forces to the Flanders side of their line -of entrenchments, he invested _Namur_. The ROYAL FUSILIERS were -detached from the army at Wonterghem to take part in the siege, -and pitched their tents at Templeaux, a post about five miles from -the town. On the 6th of July they were on duty in the trenches; on -the 8th they marched into the lines of circumvallation, and in the -evening of the same day a detachment was engaged in a successful -attack on the covered way upon the hill of Bouge. The attack was -made about seven in the evening; and such were the spirit and -energy with which the British soldiers rushed upon their opponents, -that the palisades were speedily broken down,--the covered way -carried,--the French overpowered and chased among the works, many -of them throwing themselves into stone pits to escape the fury of -their assailants. - -This success stimulated the soldiers to fresh exertions, and on -the 17th of July, when the ROYAL FUSILIERS were directed to take -part in the storming of the counterscarp, they engaged in this -service with a cheerful alacrity, which proved the ardour which -glowed in every breast. The grenadiers led the assault, and, -rushing to the glacis, cast their grenades over the palisades into -the covered way. Following up this attack with spirit, the French -were overpowered, the counterscarp was carried in gallant style, -and the ROYAL FUSILIERS were thanked by King William for their -distinguished bravery. They had Lieutenant Dancy killed and Captain -Negus wounded; also a number of private men killed and wounded. -The siege was prosecuted with vigour, and with such success that -before the end of July the town was delivered up, Marshal Boufflers -retiring with the garrison into the castle. - -One hundred and thirty-six pieces of cannon and fifty mortars -opened their fire on the castle of _Namur_ on the 11th of August, -and being continued without intermission, breaches were made in the -Terra Nova and Cohorne, and on the night of the 20th of August, a -detachment of the ROYAL FUSILIERS was engaged under Lord Cutts in -the attack of the counterscarp and breach of Terra Nova, and had -several men killed and Captain Groves, Lieutenant Rainsford, and -a number of men wounded. The fire of the artillery was continued, -and preparations were made for another assault; but the further -effusion of blood was prevented by the surrender of the place. -After the repair of the works, the King, being satisfied with the -capture of so important a place, dismissed the army to its winter -quarters, and the FUSILIERS returned to their usual station at -Ghent. - -[Sidenote: 1696] - -During the following winter a conspiracy was formed in England for -the assassination of King William: at the same time an insurrection -was organised, and a French army was assembled near the coast -to aid in the replacing of King James on the throne. A body of -troops was immediately ordered to return from Flanders; and the -ROYAL FUSILIERS embarked at Sas van Ghent, sailed from thence to -Flushing, where the transports were placed under the convoy of -Dutch men-of-war, and, afterwards resuming the voyage, arrived at -Gravesend in March, 1696. The plot had, however, been discovered, -the conspirators arrested, and the British fleet was manned and -sent to sea; the French monarch's designs were thus frustrated, and -the FUSILIERS returned to Flanders without landing in England. - -During the campaign of 1696 the regiment served with the Brabant -army commanded by King William; but no fighting took place. In -the beginning of September it joined the army of Flanders under -the Prince of Vaudemont, and, encamping near the village of St. -Michael, was employed in constructing works for the protection of -Bruges. In October it marched to Ghent. - -In November, 1696, Brigadier-General Sir Charles O'Hara was -appointed colonel of the ROYAL REGIMENT OF FUSILIERS, in succession -to Brigadier-General Fitzpatrick, drowned. - -[Sidenote: 1697] - -Leaving Ghent on the 13th of March, 1697, the regiment proceeded -into village quarters between Brussels and Malines. Two companies -were detached to form part of the garrison of Oudenarde, and the -remainder subsequently encamped behind the forest of Soignies, -where the men suffered much from wet weather and from the want of -their clothing, which was due, but had not arrived from England. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS took part in the operations of this campaign. -In September a treaty of peace was signed at Ryswick, and during -the winter the regiment returned to England; at the same time its -numbers were reduced to a peace establishment. - -[Sidenote: 1698] - -In August, 1698, the regiment proceeded to Jersey and Guernsey, to -relieve a corps of marines which was ordered to be disbanded. - -[Sidenote: 1701] - -[Sidenote: 1702] - -The regiment remained in Jersey and Guernsey until 1702, when the -accession of Philip Duke of Anjou (grandson of Louis XIV.) to the -throne of Spain, to the prejudice of the House of Austria, had -involved Europe in another war. This violation of existing treaties -was followed by the Courts of France and Spain acknowledging the -Pretender as King of Great Britain. Queen Anne declared war against -France and Spain, and in the summer of 1702 three companies of -the ROYAL FUSILIERS were called from Jersey and Guernsey to take -part in an expedition, under the Duke of Ormond, against the city -of _Cadiz_; their colonel, Major-General Sir Charles O'Hara, was -also employed in this enterprise. The fleet arrived off the coast -of Andalusia in Spain, and a landing was effected in the middle -of August, within a short distance from Cadiz. The wind being -high, about thirty boats crowded with soldiers were overturned -by the surge, and above twenty men of the ROYAL FUSILIERS were -drowned. The towns of _Rota_, and Port St. Mary's with _Fort St. -Catherine_, were captured; but the fortress of Cadiz was found too -strong, and the garrison too numerous to be reduced by the small -expedition sent against it. The wealthy and flourishing town of -Port St. Mary's was found deserted by the inhabitants, the houses -well furnished, and much valuable merchandise in the warehouses. -Strict discipline not being preserved, the town was plundered, -and a great quantity of property was removed on board the fleet. -Several officers were charged with participating in the plunder, -and Sir Charles O'Hara was implicated and brought to trial, but -was acquitted. The capture of Cadiz being found impracticable, -the troops re-embarked, and sailed for England; but while at -sea, information was received of the arrival of a valuable -Spanish fleet under a French convoy, at the harbour of _Vigo_, -and the expedition immediately proceeded thither. A landing was -effected on the south side of the river, above _Vigo_; a strong -fort and a battery were captured; the British fleet forced an -entrance, and the French and Spanish shipping were all captured or -destroyed. The fleet afterwards returned to England; and the Duke -of Ormond received the thanks of parliament for his success in -this enterprize. The three companies of the FUSILIERS were landed -and placed in garrison at Tilbury, excepting fifty men, who were -sent to the West Indies to complete Brigadier-General Gustavus -Hamilton's regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1703] - -[Sidenote: 1704] - -[Sidenote: 1705] - -The war being continued, the ROYAL FUSILIERS were employed during -the summer of 1703 as marines on board the fleet: they afterwards -landed, and were placed in garrison at Portsmouth, from whence a -detachment was sent to the Isle of Wight in August, 1704. In 1705 -the regiment was stationed at Plymouth. - -[Sidenote: 1706] - -In the meantime several regiments had been sent to Portugal; an -armament under the Earl of Peterborough had captured _Barcelona_, -and Catalonia and Valencia had declared in favour of Archduke -Charles of Austria, who was acknowledged as sovereign of Spain -by Great Britain, Holland, &c. The house of Bourbon assembled a -well-appointed army and a powerful fleet to retake Barcelona, -which was besieged by King Philip in April, 1706. King Charles -remained in the city, that his presence might inspire confidence -in the garrison, which was weak and ill provided with the means of -defence. Succours were sent from England, and the ROYAL FUSILIERS -were embarked for this service. On the approach of the British -squadron the French fleet retired. The ROYAL FUSILIERS landed at -Barcelona on the 8th of May, and immediately marched to the breach -to repel an expected attack by storm, which did not, however, take -place. The arrival of the British fleet with reinforcements decided -the fate of the town; and the army of King Philip raised the siege -and retired, leaving its battering train and magazines behind. - -From Barcelona the ROYAL FUSILIERS marched a distance of -forty-seven miles, to Gironne, a fortified town of Catalonia, -situated at the base of a steep mountain, with the river Tar -running through the town. Here the regiment passed in comfortable -quarters among the Spaniards the remainder of the year 1706 and -the early part of 1707. Provisions and wine were abundant, and the -regiment was preserved in a state of efficiency. - -[Sidenote: 1707] - -While the ROYAL FUSILIERS were at Gironne, the allied British, -Portuguese, and Dutch army, was overpowered on the plains of -Almanza on the 25th of April, 1707. Soon after this disaster the -ROYAL FUSILIERS traversed the country from Gironne to _Lerida_ -(anciently called _Ilerda_), a place celebrated in history for the -beauty of its situation, the fertility of the adjacent country, and -for having been the capital of the country of the Ilergetes long -before the first invasion of Spain by the Romans. At this pleasant -city, situated on the declivity of a hill on the west bank of the -Segra, the ROYAL FUSILIERS remained a short time, expecting the -approach of the victorious French and Spanish forces. The officers -and soldiers could view the ground where Scipio defeated Hanno, -the Carthaginian general, and where Julius Cæsar conquered the -lieutenants of Pompey; but no hope of victory could be entertained -by the ROYAL FUSILIERS in the approaching contest, the disparity of -numbers being too great. - -The garrison of Lerida consisted of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, Wills's -marines (now thirtieth regiment), with one Portuguese and two -Dutch battalions, commanded by Prince Henry of Hesse d'Armstadt -and Major-General Wills. A powerful French and Spanish army under -His Royal Highness the Duke of Orleans and the Duke of Berwick -invested the town on the 10th of September, and, having effected a -breach, gave a general assault on the 12th of October. The garrison -defended its post with admirable courage and resolution, and the -firmness and steady valour of the ROYAL FUSILIERS were conspicuous. -The enemy having made a lodgment, the garrison vacated the town, -and retired to the castle at the top of the hill, where a vigorous -defence was continued until the water and provisions were expended, -when the fortress was surrendered on honourable terms. The garrison -marched, out on the 12th of November with colours flying, taking -with them all their baggage and two pieces of cannon, and proceeded -to join the army under the Earl of Galway. - -[Sidenote: 1708] - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS, having sustained considerable loss in the -defence of Lerida, returned to England in the spring of 1708 to -recruit, and their colonel, Major-General Sir Charles O'Hara, was -advanced to the peerage by the title of BARON TYRAWLEY. - -[Sidenote: 1709] - -During the winter of 1708 and spring of 1709 the regiment occupied -extensive cantonments in Devonshire and Somersetshire, and its -ranks were rapidly recruited. - -This year Lieut.-General Stanhope formed the design of surprising -Cadiz, and concerted measures with Admiral Sir George Byng, on -board of whose squadron he embarked from Port Mahon with two -regiments of foot, and sailed to Gibraltar to await the arrival of -a body of troops from England. The ROYAL FUSILIERS were selected -to take part in this enterprise, and they embarked at Portsmouth -on board of the squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Baker; but the -fleet was detained so long by contrary winds, that it did not reach -Portugal until October, when the season was too far advanced for -prosecuting this adventure, and the regiment sailed to Barcelona. - -[Sidenote: 1710] - -[Sidenote: 1711] - -[Sidenote: 1712] - -[Sidenote: 1713] - -The island of Minorca having been captured in 1708, the ROYAL -FUSILIERS were selected to form part of the garrison of that -important place during the remainder of the war, which was -terminated in 1713 by the Treaty of Utrecht. By this treaty Minorca -was ceded to Great Britain, and the regiment was one of the corps -destined to remain on the island. - -On the 29th of January, 1713, the colonelcy was conferred on the -Honourable James O'Hara, in succession to his father, James Lord -Tyrawley. - -[Sidenote: 1714] - -[Sidenote: 1719] - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS remained at Minorca until the spring of 1719, -when they were relieved, and arrived at Plymouth in May of that -year; in July they proceeded to Ireland, where they continued until -1727. - -[Sidenote: 1727] - -In 1727, when the Spaniards besieged Gibraltar, the regiment was -ordered to return to England, and it was subsequently held in -readiness to join the Dutch in their war with Austria; but no -embarkation took place. - -[Sidenote: 1728] - -[Sidenote: 1734] - -The regiment remained in Great Britain until 1734, when it -proceeded to Gibraltar. - -[Sidenote: 1739] - -Lord Tyrawley having been removed to the fifth horse (now fourth -dragoon guards) in August, 1739, his lordship was succeeded in the -colonelcy by Major-General William Hargrave, from the ninth foot. - -[Sidenote: 1749] - -Leaving Gibraltar in 1749, the regiment proceeded to Ireland, where -it was stationed six years. - -[Sidenote: 1751] - -In the royal warrant dated 1st July, 1751, the ROYAL FUSILIERS -are authorized to bear the following distinctions. "In the centre -of their colours, the ROSE within the GARTER, and the CROWN over -it; the WHITE HORSE in the corners of the second colour. On the -grenadier caps the Rose within the Garter, and Crown as in the -colours. White Horse and motto over it, _Nec aspera terrent_. The -same device of the Rose within the Garter, and Crown on their drums -and bells of arms, with the rank of the regiment underneath." - -[Sidenote: 1754] - -On the decease of General Hargrave in January, 1751, the command -of the ROYAL FUSILIERS was conferred on Colonel John Mostyn, who -was removed, in August, 1754, to the thirteenth dragoons, and was -succeeded by Colonel Lord Robert Bertie. - -[Sidenote: 1755] - -[Sidenote: 1756] - -In the spring of 1755 the regiment embarked from Dublin, and, -having landed at Liverpool, occupied quarters in England until the -breaking out of the Seven Years' War, when it was embarked on board -the fleet commanded by Admiral Byng, in March, 1756, to serve as -marines, and sent to the Mediterranean to endeavour to preserve -_Minorca_ from the power of the French. It served at the engagement -with the French fleet off Minorca on the 20th of May; but the -enemy had previously landed an army, and captured the whole island -excepting Fort St. Philip, and the relief of this fort was not -attempted. The admiral was afterwards brought to trial and shot. - -[Sidenote: 1763] - -[Sidenote: 1765] - -[Sidenote: 1773] - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS landed at Gibraltar, and were stationed at that -fortress during the remainder of the war. In 1763 they embarked -for England; in 1765 they proceeded to Scotland; but returned to -England in the spring of 1770, and in April, 1773, they embarked -for Canada. - -[Illustration: Private Bn. Coy., 1742.] - -[Sidenote: 1774] - -After performing garrison duty at Quebec several months, the -regiment embarked for Montreal, and occupied several posts in Lower -Canada. - -[Sidenote: 1775] - -While the ROYAL FUSILIERS were in Lower Canada, the -misunderstanding between Great Britain and her North American -colonies, on the subject of taxes, attained a crisis; thirteen -states united against the mother-country, and, hostilities having -commenced, the Congress resolved to attempt the conquest of Canada. -The only regular forces in Lower Canada, at this period, were the -SEVENTH and twenty-sixth regiments, and their number being weak, -they were unequal to the defence of this extensive province against -the very superior numbers of the enemy: the eighth foot were in -upper Canada. - -In May, 1775, a body of Americans surprised and captured the posts -of Ticonderoga and Crown-point; and this success was followed by -the advance of two divisions of the American army at different -points. The British governor, Lieut.-General Carlton, sent the -ROYAL FUSILIERS and twenty-sixth from Montreal to _St. John's_, -where they were employed in constructing two redoubts. - -In the autumn one division of the American army, under Colonel -Montgomery (a native of Ireland, who had quitted the British -service a short time before, and settled at New York), besieged -_St. John's_. The garrison, consisting of five hundred and fifty -men of the SEVENTH and twenty-sixth, and a few Canadian volunteers, -commanded by Major Charles Preston of the twenty-sixth, had but a -small supply of ammunition and provision, and the works were in an -imperfect state, yet a most gallant resistance was made. - -The American commander turned the siege into a blockade, and -invested _Fort Chambly_, where Major the Honourable Joseph -Stopford of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, and about eighty men, were in -garrison. This post kept up the communication between St. John's -and Montreal; but the works were not in a good condition; the place -was not deemed capable of resisting artillery, and no effectual -resistance could, consequently, be made against the very superior -numbers of the enemy. The garrison surrendered on the 20th of -October. - -After this success Colonel Montgomery resumed the siege of _St. -John's_, and the SEVENTH and twenty-sixth regiments made a -determined resistance. The hardships they endured were borne with -patience; they were often knee-deep in mire, and were reduced to -half-allowance of provision; yet they held out with the most heroic -bravery until their strength was exhausted, and no chance of being -relieved remained, when they surrendered. Thus at the commencement -of the war the ROYAL FUSILIERS were nearly all made prisoners. - -The enemy subsequently advanced upon Montreal, and Lieut.-General -Carlton, being deserted by the Canadians, and without the means of -defence, retired down the river St. Lawrence to Quebec, accompanied -by a party of the ROYAL FUSILIERS. - -_Quebec_ was besieged by two divisions of Americans under Colonels -Montgomery and Arnold, and the garrison, of which sixty men of the -ROYAL FUSILIERS formed part, defended the place with firmness and -intrepidity; the winter was particularly severe, and the soldiers -of both sides served amidst ice and snow. About five o'clock on the -morning of the 31st of December, during a storm of sleet and snow, -the Americans made a general assault with the view of carrying the -place by storm; but the garrison withstood the tempest of war with -such determined resolution, that the storming party was repulsed -with the loss of between six and seven hundred men; Colonel -Montgomery was killed, and Colonel Arnold wounded. The garrison -only lost one officer and four private soldiers killed, and seven -private soldiers wounded. - -[Sidenote: 1776] - -After this repulse the Americans turned the siege into a blockade, -and placed their troops in village cantonments: in April, 1776, -they resumed the siege, and the British defended the place with -resolution. In the early part of May reinforcements arrived from -England, and on the 6th of that month Lieut.-General Carlton -marched out of the fortress at the head of the garrison to attack -the American camp, when the besieging army made a precipitate -retreat, leaving its artillery, stores, scaling ladders, &c., -behind. The British followed their opponents up the country, -recovered Montreal, and drove the Americans out of Canada. - -In the meantime a detachment of the regiment had arrived at Boston -from England, and on the evacuation of Boston, it proceeded to -Halifax in Nova Scotia. - -In October, 1776, Lord Robert Bertie was appointed to the command -of the second troop (now second regiment) of life guards; and -the colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS was conferred on their -lieut.-colonel, William Prescott, by commission dated the 12th of -November, 1776. - -In the autumn of this year the ROYAL FUSILIERS transferred their -services from Canada to New York; as the men taken prisoners were -exchanged, the numbers of the regiment were increased; clothing -and appointments arrived from England, and the regiment occupied -quarters for the winter at Amboy in Middlesex county. - -[Sidenote: 1777] - -From Amboy the ROYAL FUSILIERS were removed to _Staten Island_, -which was attacked in August, 1777, by the Americans under General -Sullivan, who were repulsed with loss. - -At this period a British force under Lieut.-General Burgoyne -was advancing from Canada upon Albany; at the same time another -British army under General Sir William Howe was proceeding against -Philadelphia; and Lieut.-General Sir Henry Clinton, who commanded -at New York, resolved to penetrate into Jersey for a diversion in -favour of both armies. The ROYAL FUSILIERS, with several other -corps, were accordingly embarked for this service, and on the 12th -of September effected a landing at four different places without -meeting with serious opposition. The SEVENTH, twenty-sixth, and -fifty-second regiments, with a body of German grenadiers and three -hundred provincials under Brigadier-General Campbell, landed at -Elizabeth-Town-Point, at about four in the morning, and advanced -up the country: the enemy opposed the march, and a sharp firing -was kept up throughout the day. The King's forces, however, had -the advantage; they took Newark, and were advancing on Aquakinack, -when they received orders to halt and wait the advance of the -troops which had effected a landing at the other points. The enemy -afterwards appeared in force, and several skirmishes occurred, but -the British succeeded in capturing four hundred head of cattle, -four hundred sheep, and a few horses. On the 16th of September the -ROYAL FUSILIERS marched to Bergen Point, where they re-embarked -and returned to Staten Island, without the loss of one man in this -expedition, and with only Lieutenant Haymer and one private soldier -wounded. - -In October of the same year the ROYAL FUSILIERS were embarked to -join an expedition against the enemy's forts up _Hudson's River_. -About three thousand men were collected for this service from New -York and the lines at Kingsbridge; and having embarked on board -of transports, were convoyed up the river by some frigates and -other armed vessels under Commodore Hotham. The troops landed at -day-break on the 6th of October at Stony-point, and arrangements -were immediately made for the attack of _Forts Montgomery_ and -_Clinton_. The troops had to march a distance of twelve miles -over mountains, and to overcome many obstructions; they, however, -surmounted every difficulty, and attacked the forts by storm on the -same day. As the Americans were prepared, and their works strong, -they made an obstinate defence; but nothing could withstand the -ardour of the royal troops, and every corps gained a share in the -glory. _Fort Constitution_ was also taken on the 7th of October. -Not far from these forts was a new settlement called _Continential -Village_, where there was a barrack for fifteen hundred men. The -ROYAL FUSILIERS, with two German corps and two three-pounders, were -sent against this place, and having destroyed the settlement and -burnt the barrack and stores, the troops returned. - -Notwithstanding these successful diversions, Lieut.-General -Burgoyne experienced great difficulties in his advance, and -eventually, his troops being exhausted with fatigue and privation, -his advance opposed by superior numbers, and his retreat cut off, -he capitulated. The army under General Sir William Howe had better -success, and captured Philadelphia. The enemy having despatched -part of the force originally opposed to Lieut.-General Burgoyne, to -join their army of the south under General Washington, the ROYAL -FUSILIERS were sent from the vicinity of New York to reinforce the -army in Pennsylvania, and in the early part of December they were -engaged in a skirmish with the Americans in front of Philadelphia; -but only lost one man. - -[Sidenote: 1778] - -Louis XVI. having acknowledged the independence of the revolted -British States in America, and concluded a treaty of alliance with -them, Great Britain declared war against France; and as the French -had agreed to assist the Americans, a concentration of the British -forces was deemed advisable. The army accordingly retired in June, -1778, from Philadelphia, and crossed the Delaware, and proceeded -through the Jerseys, from whence it embarked for New York. Numerous -obstacles had to be overcome in this retreat, and the troops -suffered much from the excessive heat of the weather: some sharp -skirmishing also took place, but the ROYAL FUSILIERS do not appear -to have sustained any loss. - -[Sidenote: 1779] - -The regiment remained at the lines near New York until the summer -of 1779, when it was employed in an expedition commanded by -Major-General Tyron, sent into East Sound with a view of drawing -General Washington from the strong post which he occupied in the -mountains into Connecticut for the defence of the towns on that -coast. The fleet arrived at the harbour of _Newhaven_ on the 5th -of July, and the first division of the Army, which consisted of -the flank companies of the guards, ROYAL FUSILIERS, fifty-fourth -regiment, and a detachment of Jagars, with four field-pieces, -under Brigadier-General Garth, landed about five o'clock in the -morning a mile south of the town, and advanced, making a circuit of -seven miles to gain the head of the creek on the western side of -the place. Some skirmishing occurred on the march, but the King's -troops overcame all opposition and took possession of the town: -at the same time the second division landed and took post at Rock -Fort. On the following day the troops destroyed all the public -stores, and part of the ordnance, with a number of vessels, and -afterwards re-embarked, bringing off six field-pieces and an armed -privateer. On the 7th of July the fleet anchored off the village -of _Fairfield_; the British troops landed and defeated a party -of Americans; the enemy kept firing from windows and the tops of -houses, which provoked a band of loyal emigrants to set the place -on fire, by which the town and a number of boats were destroyed. -On the 11th of July the fleet sailed to the bay of _Norwalk_. The -troops landed on the following day and advanced against the town. -"The FUSILIERS, supported by the light infantry of the guards, -began the attack, and soon cleared the quarters--pushing the main -body of the enemy and an hundred cavalry from the northern heights, -and taking one piece of their cannon. After many of the salt-pans -were destroyed, whale-boats carried away on board the fleet, and -the magazines, stores, and vessels set in flames, with the greatest -part of the dwelling-houses, the advanced-corps were drawn back, -and the troops retired in two columns to the place of our first -debarkation, and, unassaulted, took ship and returned to Huntingdon -bay."[12] This expedition did not produce the desired effect in -the movements of the American general. The troops were ordered to -return to New York. Major-General Tyron stated in his despatch--"I -should do injustice if I closed this report without giving every -praise to the troops I had the honour to command."[13] - -The ROYAL REGIMENT OF FUSILIERS lost five men in this expedition, -and had three serjeants and nineteen men wounded. - -During the autumn of this year the operations of the army were -limited to defensive measures; but in December an attack on the -opulent province of South Carolina was determined on, and the ROYAL -FUSILIERS formed a part of the force employed on this service, -which was commanded by General Sir Henry Clinton. - -[Sidenote: 1780] - -The troops having embarked, the fleet and convoy sailed from -New York on the 26th of December, and after experiencing much -tempestuous weather, which separated the fleet and occasioned the -loss of several transports, arrived at the Savannah about the end -of January, 1780, and gained the harbour of North Edisto, on the -coast of South Carolina, in February. The troops were immediately -landed, and took possession of John's and James's Island, the -ROYAL FUSILIERS taking post at Stono-ferry on John's Island. The -passage of the Ashley River was effected on the 29th of March, and -on the 1st of April the army besieged _Charlestown_. The works -were carried on with perseverance and judgment, and, on the 11th -of May, all things being ready for a general assault, the governor -capitulated, and ten American regiments, with three battalions of -artillery, and the town and county militia, became prisoners of war. - -The loss of the royal army in this siege was only seventy-six -killed and one hundred and ninety wounded, including all ranks. The -ROYAL FUSILIERS had one man killed and two wounded. - -[Sidenote: 1781] - -The regiment appears to have been in garrison during the remainder -of this year; and in January, 1781, it was ordered to proceed to -Fort Ninety-Six, which place was then besieged by the Americans; -but when on the march, the regiment received orders to join a body -of troops under Lieutenant-Colonel Tarleton, and march against -General Morgan, who was posted at Pacolet with a strong division of -the American army. "The progress of the King's troops was greatly -impeded by heavy rains, which swelled the rivers and creeks; yet -Lieutenant-Colonel Tarleton conducted his march so well, and got so -near to General Morgan (who was retreating before him), as to make -it dangerous for him to pass the Broad-River, and came up with him -at eight o'clock A.M. on the 17th of January, at a place called -_Cow-Pens_. The attack was begun by the first line of infantry, -consisting of the SEVENTH regiment, the infantry of the legion, and -the corps of light infantry annexed to it: a troop of cavalry was -placed on each flank: the first battalion of the seventy-first, -and the remainder of the cavalry, formed the reserve. The enemy's -line soon gave way, and their militia quitted the field; but our -troops having been thrown into some disorder by the pursuit, -General Morgan's corps faced about and gave them a heavy fire: this -unexpected event occasioned the utmost confusion in the first line. -The two three-pounders were taken, and I fear the colours of the -SEVENTH regiment shared the same fate."[14] - -In this unfortunate engagement the Royal Fusiliers sustained a very -serious loss in killed, wounded, and taken prisoners. - -[Sidenote: 1782] - -[Sidenote: 1783] - -The regiment was subsequently placed in garrison in South Carolina, -where it remained until 1782; when, the British Government having -been induced to concede the independence of the United States, -pacific overtures were made, which were succeeded by a cessation of -hostilities. South Carolina was evacuated, and the ROYAL FUSILIERS -proceeded to New York, where they remained until the conclusion of -the treaty of peace in 1783, when they returned to England; at the -same time the establishment was reduced to eight companies. - -[Sidenote: 1784] - -[Sidenote: 1785] - -[Sidenote: 1786] - -After occupying quarters at Gloucester and Plymouth, the regiment -proceeded to Scotland in the spring of 1786. - -[Sidenote: 1788] - -[Sidenote: 1789] - -On the decease of General Prescott in the autumn of 1788, the -colonelcy was conferred on Major-General the Honourable William -Gordon, who was removed in April, 1789, to the seventy-first -regiment, and the colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS was conferred on -PRINCE EDWARD (fourth son of King George III.), afterwards DUKE OF -KENT. - -[Sidenote: 1790] - -In 1790 the regiment embarked from Leith and the Isle of Man for -Gibraltar, and, arriving at that important fortress in August, -occupied the King's barracks, under the command of its colonel, His -Royal Highness PRINCE EDWARD. - -[Sidenote: 1791] - -[Sidenote: 1792] - -[Sidenote: 1793] - -From Gibraltar the regiment embarked, in May, 1791, for -Canada,--the right wing under PRINCE EDWARD on board His Majesty's -ship "Ulysses," and the left wing under Captain Shuttleworth in -the "Resistance;" both wings landed in August at Quebec, where the -regiment was stationed, under PRINCE EDWARD'S command, nearly three -years: His Royal Highness afterwards proceeded to the West Indies, -and acquired a reputation for valour and intrepidity at the capture -of Martinique, St. Lucie, and Guadaloupe. - -[Sidenote: 1794] - -Two companies of the regiment were detached in June, 1794, from -Quebec to Halifax, in Nova Scotia, and in October of the same year -the regiment proceeded to that station. - -[Sidenote: 1795] - -[Sidenote: 1796] - -A strong draft of recruits arrived from England in September, -1795, and the regiment was formed into _two battalions_. Both -battalions were, however, incorporated, in April, 1796, into -_one_,--consisting of fifty-four serjeants, twenty-two drummers, -and a thousand rank and file; and the supernumerary men were -transferred to the fourth, or the King's own regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1797] - -[Sidenote: 1798] - -[Sidenote: 1799] - -PRINCE EDWARD, having returned from the West Indies, was appointed -Commander of the Forces in Nova Scotia and its dependencies, and -was subsequently promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General. The -ROYAL FUSILIERS experienced the advantage of His Royal Highness's -assiduous attention to their interests; his military virtues,--his -liberality,--his care to bring merit into notice, and to procure -suitable rewards for the well-conducted,[15] with his constant -attention to everything calculated to promote the welfare of the -regiment, endeared his name in the grateful remembrance of the -officers and soldiers; at the same time, the facility with which -he procured a constant supply of fine recruits for his corps, -with his indefatigable efforts to inculcate the true principles -of subordination in the regiment, and to bring it into a state of -perfection in discipline, occasioned the ROYAL FUSILIERS to become -one of the most efficient corps in the service,--distinguished -alike for its uniform and warlike appearance,--excellent conduct -in quarters,--and the superior style in which it performed its -exercises and field movements. His Royal Highness having returned -to England on account of ill health, was created, on the 23rd -of April, 1799, EARL of DUBLIN in Ireland, and DUKE of KENT and -STRATHEARN in Great Britain. - -[Sidenote: 1801] - -In August, 1801, the DUKE of KENT was removed to the first -or the royal regiment; and was succeeded in the colonelcy by -Lieut.-General Sir Alured Clarke from the fifth foot, who had -commanded the ROYAL FUSILIERS during a great part of the American -war. - -[Sidenote: 1802] - -After passing eleven years in the protection of the British North -American provinces, the regiment embarked from Nova Scotia, the -right wing under Lieut.-Colonel Layard, for Bermuda, and the left -wing under Brevet Lieut.-Colonel Burrows for the Bahamas; and both -wings arrived at their destinations in October and November, 1802. - -[Sidenote: 1804] - -[Sidenote: 1805] - -While the regiment was in the West Indies, a _second battalion_ was -added to its establishment, and formed of men raised for limited -service in the West Riding of Yorkshire, under the provisions -of the Additional Force Act, passed in July, 1804. The second -battalion was placed on the establishment on the 25th of December, -1804, and in 1805 it marched from Yorkshire to Winchester.[16] - -[Sidenote: 1806] - -[Sidenote: 1807] - -In July, 1806, five companies embarked from Bermuda, and landed at -Plymouth in August; they were followed by the five companies from -the Bahamas, which landed at Plymouth in November and December. -The first battalion, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel the Honourable E. -M. Pakenham, received a draft of between four and five hundred men -from the second, and, embarking at Liverpool for Ireland, landed -at Dublin in the beginning of January, 1807: the second battalion, -commanded by Lieut.-Colonel William J. Myers, remained in England. - -Information having been obtained that Napoleon, Emperor of France, -purposed employing the navy of Denmark against Great Britain, an -armament was prepared for obtaining possession of the Danish fleet -by treaty or force. The first battalion of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, -having been inspected by Major-General Leith, and commended -for its appearance and discipline, was withdrawn from Ireland -to take part in this enterprise. It embarked from Dublin in -July,--landed at Liverpool,--marched to Hull, from whence it sailed -to Denmark, and, disembarking on the island of Zealand, joined -the army under General Lord Cathcart, and was employed in the -siege of _Copenhagen_. After a bombardment of three days the city -surrendered, and the Danish fleet was delivered up. The British -troops afterwards returned to England; the ROYAL FUSILIERS landed -in November at Portsmouth, from whence they proceeded to Lewes, -where another draft of nearly four hundred men was received from -the second battalion. - -[Sidenote: 1808] - -Returning to Portsmouth in January, 1808, the first battalion -embarked immediately for Nova Scotia; the fleet called at Bermuda -to leave the thirteenth regiment, and afterwards proceeding direct -to Nova Scotia, the ROYAL FUSILIERS landed at Halifax in the middle -of April. - -In May, 1808, the second battalion embarked at Tilbury Fort for -Ireland, and landed at Monkstown in the middle of June. - -Soon after its arrival at Nova Scotia, the first battalion was -selected to proceed, with other corps under the command of -Lieut.-General Sir George Prevost, to the West Indies to take part -in an expedition against the French island of _Martinique_. - -[Sidenote: 1809] - -The armament assembled at Carlisle-bay in Barbadoes, under the -command of Lieut.-General Beckwith, and sailing on the 28th of -January, 1809, arrived off Martinique on the following day. At -four o'clock on the afternoon of the 30th the ROYAL FUSILIERS -landed at Malgré Tout, in Bay Robert, and marched that evening -through difficult roads to De Manceaux's estate. After a few hours' -repose the troops resumed their march to Papin's, where part of -the division halted; but the ROYAL FUSILIERS and grenadier company -of the first West India regiment pushed forward to the heights on -De Bork's estate, where they passed the night. On the following -day they were joined by the Royal Welsh Fusiliers and the light -infantry battalion; when Lieut.-Colonel Pakenham advanced with the -ROYAL FUSILIERS, supported by the light battalion, to the heights -of _Morné Bruno_. From this post the ROYAL FUSILIERS, with the -rifle company of the twenty-third, and grenadiers of the first -West India regiment, advanced, supported by the Welsh Fusiliers, -against the height of _Desfourneaux_. The French, under General -De Houdelot, were advantageously posted on the declivity of the -hill, with a river in their front, and their left protected by -artillery. Lieut.-Colonel Pakenham, with the flank companies of -the SEVENTH, and rifle company of the twenty-third, turned the -enemy's right; the light battalion moved against the enemy's -left; and the battalion companies of the SEVENTH, and grenadiers -of the first West India regiment, advanced against the front. -Animated by a spirit of emulation and a thirst for glory, the -British troops rushed onward with enthusiasm; the ROYAL FUSILIERS -forded the river under a heavy fire, and attacking their more -numerous antagonists with signal gallantry, drove the French from -their formidable position in disorder. Lieut.-Colonel Pakenham -continued his victorious career against the heights of _Surirey_, -and being gallantly supported by the twenty-third regiment, the -soldiers under his orders, animated by the zeal and ardour of -their brave leaders, overcame obstacles of a formidable character -with heroic valour; they carried the hill, and, by a spirited -charge, forced the French to take shelter under the guns of their -redoubts. In this attack the valour and judgment of Lieut.-Colonel -Pakenham, and the excellence of the FUSILIER BRIGADE, were -conspicuous. Lieut.-General Sir George Beckwith observed in -General Orders:--"The Commander of the Forces desires to express -his entire approbation of the manly conduct of the troops engaged -yesterday, and desires that the general officers and soldiers will -be pleased to accept his thanks, and to assure them that he will -not fail to lay their merit before the King. Lieutenant-General -Sir George Prevost having reported the unremitting exertions of -Lieutenant-Colonel the HONOURABLE EDWARD MICHAEL PAKENHAM, of the -ROYAL FUSILIERS, the Commander of the Forces feels great pleasure -in making this known to the army." - -The regiment had Captain Taylor (acting Deputy -Quarter-Master-General) and nine rank and file killed; two -serjeants, one drummer, and fifty-six rank and file wounded; four -rank and file missing. - -The French occupied a second position, strengthened by two -redoubts connected by an entrenchment. On the 2nd of February -the British made a movement to extend their right, and the ROYAL -FUSILIERS were again engaged, and manifested the same heroic -ardour and superiority over the enemy as on the preceding day. -Lieutenant-Colonel Pakenham led the FUSILIERS, supported by the -light battalion, against the enemy's advanced redoubt, in open -day, and the spirited conduct of the officers and men was again -eminently displayed: but it appearing to the commander of the -expedition that the redoubts would be gained with a loss beyond the -value of the acquisition, the FUSILIERS were ordered to desist. -The loss of the regiment was one serjeant and twenty rank and file -killed; Lieutenant-Colonel Pakenham, Captains Row and Cholwich, one -serjeant, one drummer, and fifty-eight rank and file wounded, three -men missing. The enemy afterwards abandoned the redoubt and spiked -the cannon. - -On the following day a general order was issued, in which it was -stated--"The benefit the advanced corps under Lieutenant-General -Sir George Prevost have produced to His Majesty's service, from -the gallant and successful attack made upon Morné Bruno and the -heights of Surirey, on the 1st instant, by the first brigade of -the army and the light battalion under Brigadier-General Hoghton, -demands from the Commander of the Forces a reiteration of his -acknowledgments, and his assurance to the brigadier-general, and -to the commanding officer of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, of the Royal -Welsh Fusiliers, and of the light battalion, also to the officers, -non-commissioned officers, and soldiers of those regiments, that he -will not fail to lay their meritorious exertions before the King. -The exertions of all the corps engaged yesterday were conspicuous; -and although the state of the works possessed by the enemy did not -admit of their being carried by the bayonet, which rendered it -the general's duty to direct the corps employed to retire, they -manifested a spirit and determination which, when tempered by less -impetuosity, will lead to the happiest results." - -_Fort Bourbon_ was afterwards besieged; and on the surrender of -this place the French marched out (7th March) and laid down their -arms; the ROYAL FUSILIERS and the two other battalions of the first -brigade receiving each an EAGLE from the French regiments, with a -proportion of brass drums, &c. - -The capture of this valuable island having been achieved, the -troops were again commended in general orders for their excellent -conduct: and the ROYAL FUSILIERS were subsequently honoured with -the privilege of bearing the word "MARTINIQUE" inscribed on -their colours, as a mark of royal favour and approbation. Brevet -Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney received a gold medal for his conduct -in this service. - -After the completion of this brilliant enterprise, the ROYAL -FUSILIERS returned to Nova Scotia; before embarking they were again -commended in general orders. They sailed from Martinique on the -15th of March, and arrived at Halifax in April. - -Lieutenant-Colonel Pakenham being anxious to stimulate the ROYAL -FUSILIERS to good conduct by distinguishing merit, assembled a -board of officers for that purpose, and the names of the following -non-commissioned officers and soldiers were recorded in the "BOOK -OF MERIT." - -Serjeant Thomas Simpson for meritorious and gallant conduct at -Martinique. Quarter-Master-Serjeant Timothy Meagher, Serjeants John -Ledsam, John Henry, John Day, William Harris, William Inchbold, -Joshua Redshaw, Thomas Beale, Thomas Miller, George Kenney, ---- -Willson, George Clementson, Corporal Dove, Drummer Thomas Maud, -Privates William Vagg, Mark Ewing, Benjamin Price, James Haughney, -Nathaniel Moss, and James Delamy for general good conduct; -Serjeants Meagher and Henry were afterwards promoted to commissions. - -In April, 1809, Lieutenant and Adjutant Orr, a most meritorious -officer, was promoted to a company, on which occasion the -serjeants presented him with an address, expressive of their -regard and gratitude for the manner in which he had performed -the duty of adjutant. This circumstance was, however, deemed a -departure from strict discipline, and the Commander-in-Chief -in North America, General Sir James Craig, declared in General -Orders, that the serjeants had been guilty, unintentionally, -of an act of insubordination.[17] The sentiments expressed in -this order obtained the concurrence of the Commander-in-Chief -of the Army, who stated in orders;--"The reason for which the -Commander-in-Chief has directed the circulation of this Order, -is, that he may avail himself of this opportunity of declaring to -the army his most perfect concurrence in the sentiments therein -expressed by the distinguished and experienced officer by whom it -was framed, on a subject which appears to have been by some very -much misunderstood.--The circumstance of inferiors of any class of -military men assembling for the purpose of bestowing praise and -public marks of approbation on their superiors, implies a power of -deliberation on their conduct which belongs to the Sovereign alone, -or to those officers who may be intrusted with the command and -discipline of the troops. It is a procedure equally objectionable -whether in the higher or lower ranks of the army; and as the -Commander-in-Chief cannot but regard it as a principle subversive -of military discipline, he trusts it is a practice which will be -for ever banished the British service: and he directs commanding -officers to act accordingly. - -"By command of the Right Honourable the Commander-in-Chief, - - "HARRY CALVERT, - "Adjutant-General." - - * * * * * - -In the meantime the second battalion had embarked from Cork to -join the British army in Portugal under Lieutenant-General Sir -John Craddock; it landed at Almeda, opposite to Lisbon, in April, -and mustered upwards of six hundred and fifty officers and men, -commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir William Myers, baronet: -the ROYAL FUSILIERS and second battalion of the fifty-third -regiment, with one company of the sixtieth, formed a brigade -under Brigadier-General Alexander Campbell. Soon afterwards -Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Wellesley arrived in Portugal to -command the army. - -In May the combined British and Portuguese forces advanced against -the French under the celebrated Marshal Soult, who had captured -_Oporto_ by assault about five weeks previously, and occupied that -city with a numerous body of veterans. The British general advanced -upon Oporto, and the ROYAL FUSILIERS had the honour of taking part -in the masterly movements by which the legions of Napoleon were -driven from that city on the 12th of May, pursued through the wild -and mountainous districts in the north of Portugal, and forced to -abandon their artillery and ammunition, and to save themselves by a -precipitate flight. - -After this success the army retired to Abrantes, where the ROYAL -FUSILIERS were encamped nearly three weeks; they subsequently -advanced into Spain to aid the patriotic Spaniards in their -attempts to expel the French from their country, the British being -joined by a Spanish force under General Cuesta. Having entered -Spain, the army proceeded along the valley of the Tagus, and halted -near _Talavera de la Reyna_. The Spaniards pushed forward, but were -speedily driven back by the advance-guard of the French army under -Joseph Buonaparte, who bore the title of King of Spain. A British -brigade covered the retreat of the Spaniards, and the allied army -went into position near Talavera, the Spaniards occupying the -strong ground on the right, and the British extending to the left -along the more exposed part of the field. In the centre, between -the two armies, there was a commanding spot on which a redoubt -had been commenced, with some open ground in its rear; at this -important post the ROYAL FUSILIERS were stationed, with several -other corps under Brigadier-General Campbell, and they proved -themselves worthy of the trust reposed in them. - -The French attacked the left of the British position on the evening -of the 27th of July, and were repulsed. The attack was renewed at -daylight on the following morning, and British skill and valour -were again triumphant. A short respite ensued while the French -generals held a council of war; but soon after mid-day their army -was seen in motion. The British stood to their arms and calmly -awaited the approach of the hostile legions; a cloud of light -troops covered the front of the French army; they were followed -by four dense columns, protected by eighty guns; and the ROYAL -FUSILIERS beheld the torrent of battle advancing towards them -with the fury of a tempest, threatening instant destruction to -all opposition. The fourth corps came rushing forward with such -impetuosity that it speedily cleared the intersected ground in -front, and attacked the ROYAL FUSILIERS and other corps on the -right of the British line with terrific violence. The British -regiments met the storm of war with unshaken firmness, and breaking -in on the front of the advancing columns, and assailing their wings -with a heavy fire, forced them back with a terrible carnage: the -ROYAL FUSILIERS rushed gallantly forward to the muzzles of the -French artillery, and, after an obstinate resistance, captured -seven guns, which the enemy endeavoured to re-capture, but in -vain. The French veterans rallied on their supports, and appeared -resolute on another attack, but they were assailed by so tremendous -a fire of artillery and musketry, that they retired in disorder, -and thus victory was secured in this part of the field. Sir Arthur -Wellesley observed in his despatch,--"I was highly satisfied -with the manner this part of the position was defended;" he also -mentioned the second battalion of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, commanded -by Lieutenant-Colonel SIR WILLIAM MYERS, among the corps which had -particularly distinguished themselves, and thanked the battalion -and its commanding officer in orders. The French were repulsed at -every point of attack, and they withdrew from a contest in which -the superiority of the British troops was eminently displayed. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS had Lieutenant Beaufoy and six rank and file -killed; Lieutenants Kerwan and Muter, Adjutant Page, one serjeant, -two drummers, and fifty-one rank and file wounded; one private -soldier missing. Their commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir -William Myers, was rewarded with a gold medal; and the regiment was -subsequently authorised to bear the word "TALAVERA" inscribed on -its colours as an honorary distinction for its gallantry on this -occasion. - -In the subsequent part of this campaign the battalion sustained -considerable loss from disease; but it was not engaged in actual -conflict with the enemy. - -During the summer Lieutenant-Colonel the Honourable EDWARD MICHAEL -PAKENHAM, commanding the first battalion in Nova Scotia, was placed -on the staff of the army in Portugal. The affable deportment, -amiable disposition, and liberality of this brave and zealous -officer, with his gallantry in the field, and his assiduous -attention to the interests, comfort, reputation, and efficiency -of the regiment during the series of years he had served with the -ROYAL FUSILIERS, had procured him the regard and esteem of every -member of the corps. Previously to his leaving the battalion, the -officers obtained his consent to have his portrait taken, and -presented him with a sword valued at two hundred guineas, as a mark -of their sincere regard for him as an officer and a gentleman, -and of their admiration of his manly virtues and zeal for the -service. The command of the first battalion devolved on Brevet -Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Blakeney, who devoted himself to the -good of the service, and preserved the battalion in its high state -of discipline and efficiency; it was employed at the out-posts of -Nova Scotia, and occupied George's Island, Melville Island, Point -Pleasant, York Redoubt, &c. - -[Sidenote: 1810] - -On the 1st of January, 1810, the first battalion mustered upwards -of a thousand officers and soldiers, and events occurred soon -afterwards which occasioned the removal of this fine body of men -from North America to the theatre of war in the Peninsula, where -the Spaniards and Portuguese were struggling for independence -against the forces of France, and where a British army sent to aid -the patriots was acquiring never-fading laurels under Sir Arthur -Wellesley, who had been created Viscount Wellington. - -The French army in Spain having received numerous reinforcements, a -powerful and well-appointed force advanced under Marshal Massena, -Prince of Esling, to complete the conquest of Portugal; and the -very superior numbers of the enemy rendered it necessary for -the British army to limit itself to the defence of Lisbon. Lord -Wellington, however, resolved to maintain a forward position as -long as possible, and among the reinforcements sent to his aid -was the first battalion of the ROYAL FUSILIERS. On this occasion, -Lieutenant-General Sir George Prevost stated in orders:--"On the -departure of the ROYAL FUSILIERS the Lieutenant-General commanding -acknowledges with pride and pleasure that this corps is an instance -among British soldiers of the union of regularity and good conduct -in quarters with patience and valour in the field of battle. -Lieutenant-General Sir George Prevost has that opinion of the -commanding officer, the officers, non-commissioned officers, and -privates of this already distinguished corps which induces him to -pronounce his confidence that the ROYAL FUSILIERS will maintain -their reputation on whatever service they may be employed, and that -when called upon to face the enemy of their country, they will -again add to their own fame, and exalt the glory of the British -arms." - -The first battalion landed at Lisbon on the 27th of July, every -man in health and under arms, and after a short repose advanced -up the country to join the army in the field. On passing Thomar, -the battalion halted a few days, and was reviewed by Major-General -Leith and the Portuguese General, Miranda, who expressed their -admiration of the appearance of the officers and men, and of the -ease and steadiness with which they manœuvred in battalion and -performed light infantry movements. After the review the battalion -advanced to Villa Cortez; and on the surrender of Almeida the army -withdrew to the rocks of _Busaco_, where it took up a position -to oppose the superior numbers of the enemy, whose commander -vaunted he would drive the English into the sea, and plant the -eagles of France on the towers of Lisbon. The first battalion of -the ROYAL FUSILIERS was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney, -and formed in brigade with the seventy-ninth, under Colonel the -Honourable Edward M. Pakenham, in the first division commanded by -Lieutenant-General Sir Brent Spencer; the second battalion was -commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir William Myers, Baronet. - -The British and Portuguese troops were in line on the ridge of -the lofty and precipitous hills of Busaco; in front lay the army -of Massena on another range of heights, and the dark mountains -were crowned with the bivouac fires of the opposing bands. On the -morning of the 27th of September, as the light appeared, the fire -of musketry commenced between the advanced posts stationed in the -deep hollows which separated the two armies: shortly afterwards the -French columns of attack appeared, and throwing forward crowds -of skirmishers, they speedily emerged from the hollow beneath, -and assailed the British position with that impetuosity which -distinguishes the first onset of French soldiers. They were opposed -by the unconquerable firmness of British soldiers; the heads of -columns were pierced by musketry, and charged with the bayonet; -and the formidable masses of veteran Frenchmen were overthrown -and driven down the mountain sides with a terrible clamour and -confusion, leaving crowds of killed, wounded, and prisoners behind. -Being unable to overcome the steady valour of the British infantry, -the French commander desisted, and the allied army stood triumphant -on the contested heights. The ROYAL FUSILIERS were stationed on a -portion of this range of rocks which was not seriously attacked, -and their loss was limited to two private soldiers killed, -Lieutenant Mair, and twenty-two rank and file wounded. Colonel -Pakenham, commanding the brigade, was rewarded with a gold medal. -After this vain attempt to force the rocks of Busaco, the French -commander made a flank movement to turn the left of his opponent's -position; when the allied army withdrew to the lines of _Torres -Vedras_, and there opposed a resistance which the French marshal -did not attempt to force. - -While the opposing armies confronted each other, several sharp -actions took place between the advanced posts; and on the 13th of -October a company of the ROYAL FUSILIERS was ordered to drive back -a reconnoitring party of the enemy which had entered the village -of _Burlada_, situate between the two armies. This service was -performed with distinguished gallantry, and the French were driven -back at the point of the bayonet. - -After searching in vain for a vulnerable part in the British -lines, the French commander, instead of driving the English -leopards into the sea, retired to the strong position of Santarem; -Lord Wellington advanced, and, establishing a series of posts to -watch his opponents, placed his army in cantonments. - -The twenty-third, or Royal Welsh Fusiliers, having arrived from -America, the two battalions of the SEVENTH and first battalion of -the twenty-third were constituted a brigade under the command of -Colonel the Honourable Edward M. Pakenham: it was designated the -"FUSILIER BRIGADE," and attached to the fourth division commanded -by Major-General the Honourable Lowry Cole: the first battalion of -the SEVENTH was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir William Myers, -and the second by Lieut.-Colonel Blakeney. - -[Sidenote: 1811] - -In January, 1811, Colonel the Honourable E. M. Pakenham was placed -at the head of the Adjutant-General's department, and the command -of the FUSILIER BRIGADE was intrusted to Major-General Houstoun. -The brigade was stationed, at this period, at Aveiras de Cima. - -At length disease, want of provisions, and the impregnable lines -of Torres Vedras, turned the vain boasting of the French commander -into defeat; he retraced his steps towards Spain, covering -wantonly, and with brutal cruelty, the line of his retreat with -rapine, bloodshed, devastation, and burning villages. The ROYAL -FUSILIERS moved forward in pursuit; several skirmishes occurred, -and, on the 12th of March, the brigade was in line near _Redinha_ -(a town in the central part of Portugal, in the province of Beira), -and advancing to attack the rear column of the French army under -one of Napoleon's most active and enterprising generals, NEY; but -as the British ranks moved majestically forward in firm array, the -French fired a volley and instantly fled under the cover of the -smoke towards Condexia. - -In the meantime Marshal Soult, being at the head of another French -army, had captured _Badajoz_, the capital of Spanish Estremadura; -also _Olivenza_, another fortified town on the west frontier of -Spain; and a detachment from his army had besieged _Campo Mayor_, -a barrier fortress of Portugal, in the province of Alemtejo; -and on the 14th of March the ROYAL FUSILIERS were detached to -the Alemtejo, to join the forces under Marshal Sir William Carr -Beresford, and take part in the relief of Campo Mayor, and in the -re-capture of Badajoz and Olivenza. While on the march, Campo Mayor -surrendered; and the British, continuing their route, arrived -before the town on the 25th of March, as the French columns -were marching out, when the thirteenth light dragoons and some -Portuguese cavalry charged with great gallantry, and threw the -enemy into confusion. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS were stationed at Campo Mayor about a -fortnight, and were subsequently employed in the siege of -_Olivenza_, which was terminated in seven days by the surrender of -the garrison on the 15th of April. The loss of the regiment was -limited to one man killed and one wounded. - -This success was followed by the siege of the strong fortress -of _Badajoz_, situated on a beautiful plain on the Guadiana,--a -noble river five hundred yards broad; and the ROYAL FUSILIERS were -employed in this service. Marshal Soult, who had retired after the -capture of this fortress in March, quitted Seville, and, assembling -a powerful force, advanced to its relief. The allied army turned -the siege into a blockade, and moving forward to meet the advancing -foe, took up a position at _Albuhera_. The ROYAL FUSILIERS formed -part of the blockading force, but were subsequently ordered to -join the army; and they arrived in position about nine o'clock on -the morning of the 16th of May, at the moment when the French were -advancing to commence one of the most obstinate and sanguinary -actions in which British troops were ever engaged. The FUSILIER -BRIGADE, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir WILLIAM MYERS, of the -SEVENTH, was ordered to form in an oblique line behind the right; -the first battalion of the SEVENTH was commanded by Major John -Mervin Nooth, and the second by Lieut.-Colonel Edward Blakeney. - -Being favoured by a height which the allies had neglected to -occupy, the French commander concentrated behind it fifteen -thousand men and forty guns, within ten minutes' march of the right -wing of the allied army, without his opponent's knowledge; at the -same time he extended the remainder of his forces along the woody -banks of the Feria, towards its confluence with the Albuhera. A -little before nine on the morning of the 16th of May, these troops -issued from the woods in one massive column, supported by a second, -flanked by cavalry and preceded by artillery, and attacked the -bridge, where they met with a formidable resistance. The British -general, anticipating the principal effort would be against his -right, directed the Spaniards under General Blake to change front, -and the second division to support them: but the Spanish general -delaying to execute the movement, the enemy was among his troops -before they were completely formed. A destructive cannonade, a -heavy fire of musketry, and the approach of some French squadrons -menacing to charge, put the Spaniards into disorder, and they fell -back fighting. The French columns pushed forward; their reserves -mounted the heights in their rear, and their batteries were brought -into line. - -The retrograde of the Spaniards laid open the position of the -allied army, and the only good road by which a retreat could -be conducted was exposed. To remedy this disaster, the leading -brigade of the second division rushed forward; it was speedily -under a destructive fire; a heavy rain concealing distant objects; -and four regiments of French lancers and hussars having turned -the right flank in the obscurity, charged the British battalions -in the rear at the moment when they developed their attack, and -slew or took prisoners nearly two-thirds of their numbers: one -battalion, being in column, maintained its ground, while the French -horsemen overthrew all other opposition, and captured six guns. -A lancer attacked Marshal Beresford, who pushed the lance aside, -and, grappling with the lancer, threw him from his horse. Another -British brigade came boldly into the fight, repelling a charge of -lancers on its flank; the remaining brigade of the second division -arrived; a Spanish corps moved forward, and the enemy's infantry -recoiled; but soon recovering, renewed the conflict with greater -violence than before. The fighting became vehement, and more than -two-thirds of every British corps engaged had fallen, when their -ammunition began to fail, and the enemy established a column in -advance upon the right flank. The tide of success was evidently -flowing in favour of the French, when the fourth division was -ordered to the heat of the conflict, and a brigade of the second -division, which had only been slightly engaged, rushed forward into -the fight. At this moment a number of captured British soldiers -were being hurried to the rear of the French army; the enemy's -reserves were pushing forward to reinforce their front;--the field -was covered with heaps of dead bodies;--the lancers were riding -furiously about the upper part of the hill spearing wounded men, -and six pieces of artillery were in the hands of the French. - -A crisis had arrived, and a mighty--a determined--a -desperate--effort alone could save the allied army from defeat; -at this critical moment Major-General Sir Lowry Cole led the -FUSILIER BRIGADE up the contested heights to stem the torrent -of battle and wrest the palm of victory from Napoleon's veteran -legions. The FUSILIERS--admired for their appearance--applauded -for their order and discipline--moved forward with a resolute -step to confront a host of foes; they felt the importance of the -task which devolved upon them, and knew the high character of the -troops they had to contend with; and national pride,--an _esprit de -corps_,--a noble enthusiasm to rival the regiments which triumphed -at Busaco,--and to exceed their own achievements at Martinique and -Talavera,--animated every breast; they were flanked by a battalion -of the Lusitanian legion; and mounting the hill at the moment -when a regiment of Spanish cavalry was fleeing before a body of -French dragoons, they soon drove the lancers from the contested -height, and recovered five of the captured guns. Encouraged by this -presage of victory, the FUSILIERS marched sternly onward in line, -over heaps of killed and wounded, to encounter three heavy columns -of French infantry, supported by cavalry and artillery, and each -column mustering about twice the numbers of the FUSILIER BRIGADE. - -Gallantly issuing from amidst the smoke and broken fragments of -discomfited corps, the FUSILIERS marched with a firm and solemn -step over the carcases of men and horses which obstructed their -way, and their bearing was that of men determined to decide the -fortune of a battle. The French columns were pressing onward to -complete the overthrow of the allied army, when suddenly the -surprising spectacle of a majestic line of FUSILIERS burst upon -their sight; they halted; fired a volley; then endeavoured to -deploy; and their numerous artillery sent a storm of bullets -against the British ranks. The commander of the brigade, -Lieutenant-Colonel Sir WILLIAM MYERS of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, was -killed; the commander of the division, Major-General Sir LOWRY -COLE, Lieutenant-Colonel BLAKENEY, commanding a battalion of the -ROYAL FUSILIERS, and a number of other officers, fell wounded; the -colour staves of the SEVENTH were shattered, and the colours torn; -at the same time chasms were rent in the ranks of the brigade; a -momentary pause ensued: but instantly recovering, the FUSILIERS -braved the tempest of iron and lead, and boldly confronted the -fierce and numerous bands opposed to them. As the smoke cleared, -the French beheld a line of bayonets coming upon them, and the next -moment, the thundering volleys of the FUSILIERS broke the heads -of formations. The French commander urged his veterans forward; -individuals, spurred on by an unavailing intrepidity, sacrificed -their lives to gain time for their companions to deploy;--the -columns responded to the calls of their leader, and, striving to -extricate themselves, fired on friends and foes;--the lancers on -the flanks threatened to charge; but British intrepidity could -not be shaken;--the FUSILIERS knew not how to quail! The brigade -preserved its firm array; the murderous volleys of the FUSILIERS -swept down hundreds of Frenchmen, and suddenly raising a loud -shout, they precipitated themselves upon the opposing multitudes, -and plunging fearlessly into the crowds, they closed with desperate -energy upon their opponents. The fortune of the day was no -longer doubtful; British prowess prevailed, and the French were -overpowered, slaughtered, and forced back in irremediable confusion -upon their reserves. The supporting columns endeavoured to stem -the torrent of British valour; but in vain;--the whole were driven -headlong down the ascent;--the key of the position was thus nobly -recovered, and the FUSILIERS,--breathless,--besmeared with sweat -and mud and gore,--stood triumphant upon the contested height, -surrounded with heaps of dying and dead, and wondering at the -brilliant success which crowned their manly efforts. - -While the FUSILIERS were contending on the height, fresh men were -brought forward; the French generals perceived that the day was -irretrievably lost, and withdrew their broken masses beyond the -river.[18] Numerous instances of individual gallantry occurred, -and Serjeant Gough of the first battalion having recovered the -regimental colour of the third foot, or buffs, which corps had -been nearly annihilated by the charge of the lancers, was rewarded -with a commission in the second West India regiment. - -To the ROYAL FUSILIERS, the honour of having triumphed over -superior numbers of Napoleon's veteran bands, and the glory of -having added lustre to the British arms, were justly due; but -the splendour of victory was shrouded with grief at the loss of -many brave officers and soldiers. Among others, the fall of their -commander, the brave, the chivalrous Sir WILLIAM MYERS, caused a -sense of deep sorrow. His career, though short, had been brilliant; -his manners were those of a finished gentleman and scholar, and -every action was marked with the enthusiasm of a soldier whose -noblest pride was his profession, and whose solicitude was always -alive to the interests and honour of his corps. At the early age of -twenty-eight he closed a life of honour in a death of glory. - -Return of killed and wounded of the ROYAL FUSILIERS at the battle -of ALBUHERA. - - Battalion. Officers. Sergeants. Drummers. Rank & File. Total. - 1st. { Killed 5 3 .. 59 67 - { Wounded 10 14 .. 263 287 - - 2nd. { Killed 3 1 .. 46 50 - { Wounded 14 16 1 270 301 - ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ - 32 34 1 638 705 - -Names of officers of the ROYAL FUSILIERS present at the battle of -Albuhera. - - _First Battalion._ - Lieut.-Col. Sir William Myers, killed. - Major J. M. Nooth. - Captains Thos. Woodridge. - " Wm. F. Cholwich, wounded. - " Geo. King. - " Jas. Singer, wounded. - " Jno. Crowder, wounded. - Lieutenant Hy. Prevost, killed. - " A. C. Wylly. - " Thos. Moultrie, killed. - " Jno. Mair. - " Chas. J. Wemyss, wounded. - " Paul St. Paul. - " S. B. Johnstone, killed. - " T. T. A. Mullins, wounded. - " Digby Mackworth. - " T. Moses, wounded. - " Anth. Baldwin. - " Jas. Anderson. - " H. F. Devey. - " G. Henry, wounded. - " John Ormsby. - " H. J. Jones, killed. - " E. Morgan, wounded. - " Pitt Hannam. - " Johnson, wounded. - " F. Gibbons, wounded. - Adjutant Jas. Hay. - Pay-Master Jno. Armstrong. - Quarter-Master Jno. Hogan. - Assistant Surgeon Wm. Armstrong. - " M. Mahony. - - _Second Battalion._ - Major Edw. Blakeney, Lieut.-Col., wounded. - Captain Wm. Despard. - " G. Erek, killed. - " Jno. Orr, wounded. - " A. Fernie. - " Henry Tarleton, wounded. - " Richard Magines, wounded. - Lieut. Jno. Healy, wounded. - " Holt Archer, killed. - " Edward Penrice, wounded. - " W. A. Pyke. - " Ed. Irwin, killed. - " Tho. F. Wray, wounded. - " Thos. Hartley. - " H. R. Wallace. - " Wm. Green. - " Jos. Hutchison. - " T. Y. Lester, wounded. - " Geo. Seton, wounded. - " Chas. Lorentz, wounded. - " M. Orr, wounded. - " Wm. Dalgairnes. - " J. B. Fraser, wounded. - " Jno. F. Holden, wounded. - Acting Adjutant T. Meagher, wounded. - Pay-Master T. Berkeley. - Quarter-Master Crawford. - Surgeon J. Williamson. - Assistant Surgeon Duigenan. - " Sweney. - -The list of killed and wounded, containing about seven hundred -officers and soldiers, proclaims with dreadful eloquence the -sanguinary character of the contest in which the ROYAL FUSILIERS -were engaged. Their heroic conduct was subsequently rewarded with -the privilege of bearing the word "ALBUHERA" inscribed on their -colours. Major Blakeney was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy -vacant by the death of Sir William Myers; Major Nooth was rewarded -with the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the army, and Captain -Despard (who succeeded to the command of the second battalion after -the fall of Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney), with that of major. -A gold clasp was sent to the relatives of Sir William Myers; -Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney was rewarded with a gold clasp, and -Major Nooth and Captain Despard with gold medals. - -After the battle, the brigade was attached to the remains of the -second division commanded by Major-General the Honourable William -Stewart, whose estimation of the conduct of the FUSILIERS is -attested by the following letter. - - "_Almandrelejo, 26th May, 1811._ - -"SIR, - -"As you have been so kind as to permit me to transmit to you the -names of the officers of my division who commanded corps on the -16th instant, it may not be deemed irregular if, during the absence -of Major-General Cole, I forward to you the names of the officers -of the FUSILIER BRIGADE who were similarly situated. - -"The remains of that _gallant corps_ having been attached to the -second division, immediately after the action of _Albuhera_, and -the major-general of the second division having been obliged to -leave the field from a wound, I am induced to lay before you, for -such favourable report on the subject as you may deem expedient -to the Commander of the Forces, the enclosed returns which have -been put in my possession by the officer now in command of the -FUSILIER BRIGADE, and who commanded the same in action, after the -successive incapacity from wounds of his four senior officers. -_I am afraid lest by further delay the exertions of that brigade -be not sufficiently known._ From the circumstance of the FUSILIER -BRIGADE having been joined with my third brigade in the hard-fought -defence of our centre position for above three hours, and from -the severe loss sustained by the FUSILIERS on the spot, and from -the _testimony of the surrounding allied army_, I feel myself -authorised in stating that _the conduct of the Fusilier Brigade on -the 16th instant was admirable, and such as effectually secured the -victory of that day_. - -"It is a duty, moreover, which I owe to the brave soldiers under my -temporary command, to report that the second division is indebted -to the ROYAL FUSILIERS for the recapture of a six pounder, and of -a regimental colour of the third, or buffs, both of which had been -lost in the too successful attack of the enemy's cavalry, on my -first brigade, in the beginning of that day. - - "I am, &c. - "WILLIAM STEWART, - "Major-General. - - "To Marshal Beresford." - -Both battalions having sustained so severe a loss, the second -battalion transferred its men to the first, and the officers and -staff serjeants returned to England to recruit. - -After the victory at Albuhera the siege of _Badajoz_ was resumed, -the SEVENTH forming part of the covering army. A concentration of -the enemy's force having taken place, the allies withdrew behind -the Caya, where they awaited the attack of their opponents. The -French generals had drained the provinces of troops to assemble -a powerful army; but the stern character of British soldiers had -been proved, and, having relieved Badajoz, they retired without -hazarding an engagement. - -The allied army broke up from the Caya in July, and the ROYAL -FUSILIERS moved towards the northern frontiers of Portugal; they -halted a short period at the village of Aldea de Santa Margaritta, -and afterwards marched to Aldea de Bispo. Meanwhile Lord Wellington -blockaded _Ciudad Rodrigo_. - -Marshal Marmont assembled sixty thousand men, and advanced -to relieve Ciudad Rodrigo. Lord Wellington's forces were not -sufficiently numerous to warrant his hazarding a general -engagement, excepting under very advantageous circumstances; -he however held his positions; and on the 25th of September -the FUSILIER BRIGADE, under Major-General the Honourable E. -M. Pakenham, advanced to sustain a small body of troops under -Major-Generals Colville and Alten, which had been attacked at _El -Bodon_ by forty squadrons of French cavalry and fourteen battalions -of infantry with cannon. This portion of the allied army having -retrograded, the French cavalry menaced the FUSILIERS; but were -deterred charging by the steady and determined countenance of the -brigade. - -During the night Lord Wellington strengthened his position; but -afterwards withdrew to a post twelve miles behind Guinaldo. The -enemy coming forward with overwhelming numbers, his lordship -withdrew during the night of the 26th of September, covered by the -FUSILIERS and a body of cavalry. - -The French, pressing the British rear during the retrograde -movement on the 27th of September, attacked the FUSILIERS, who -were halted on a height behind the village of _Aldea de Pont_. -Lord Wellington directed the SEVENTH to charge in line down the -hill, and supported them with some Portuguese infantry. The ROYAL -FUSILIERS dashed forward in line with the steadiness of old -soldiers at a review, routed the French, and drove them down the -height, to the admiration of all present; Lord Wellington witnessed -the firm conduct of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, and expressed his -approbation of their steady and gallant bearing. The French were -afterwards repulsed in an attempt to turn the flank of the brigade -by a wood: the twenty-third Fusiliers and Portuguese Caçadores -turned the French left, and Aldea de Pont was again occupied by -the allies. It was, however, subsequently abandoned, and the army -went into position on the Coa. The French withdrew, and the ROYAL -FUSILIERS went into quarters at Villa Ciervo. The regiment had -been joined, a short time before, by three hundred and sixty-four -young soldiers from England: its loss at Aldea de Pont was nine men -killed; Captain Wylly, Lieutenants Barrington, Wallace, and Seaton, -one Serjeant, and thirty-six private soldiers wounded.[20] - -[Sidenote: 1812] - -On the 1st of January, 1812, the first battalion mustered upwards -of thirteen hundred officers and soldiers, and it was immediately -afterwards employed in the siege of _Ciudad Rodrigo_, which was -undertaken in the winter. This fortress was captured by storm -during the night of the 19th of January, 1812, while the French -marshal was assembling an army to advance to its relief. The loss -of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, during the siege, was limited to two men -killed and eight wounded. After the capture of Ciudad Rodrigo the -regiment remained at the village of Cileçes el Chico, where it was -detained several days by the swelling of the Agueda from heavy -rains: it subsequently retired and went into cantonments. - -After withdrawing from before Ciudad Rodrigo, the regiment was -allowed only a short period of repose before it was called upon to -march to Spanish Estremadura, to take part in wresting the strong -fortress of _Badajoz_ from the enemy. Leaving its cantonments near -Fuentes d'Onor on the 27th of February, it proceeded southwards; -boats were laid over the Guadiana on the 15th of March, and on -the following day Badajoz was invested by the third, fourth, and -light divisions; the ROYAL FUSILIERS, forming part of the fourth -division, were engaged in the siege. The batteries were opened, -and, notwithstanding the sallies of the French garrison under the -resolute General Phillipon, inundations from heavy rains, and other -obstructions, practicable breaches were ready in the early part -of April; and on the evening of the 6th of that month the ROYAL -FUSILIERS were under arms to take part in the storming of that -stupendous fortress. The fourth and light divisions were to march -against the breaches; the light division was to assault the bastion -of Santa Maria, and the fourth, the Trinidad, with the breach in -the curtain connecting the two bastions; one body of the grenadiers -of the fourth division, under Captain John Mair, of the ROYAL -FUSILIERS, led the attack against the bastion of Trinidad; and -another body, under Captain William Francis Cholwick, also of the -SEVENTH, led the assault on the breach in the curtain. - -Moving silently from their camp-ground along the left of the river -Rivillas and the inundations, the fourth and light divisions made -a short detour, and arrived at the glacis at the moment the third -division attacked the castle. Ladders were placed, and about five -hundred men of the light division had descended into the ditch with -the most heroic bravery, cheering as they went, when suddenly a -loud report like thunder was heard, and the storming parties were -blown to pieces by the explosion of hundreds of shells and powder -barrels. Undismayed by this terrific destruction, the men of the -light and fourth divisions raised a loud shout and plunged into -the ditch, where many men perished in the inundations; others, -after overcoming numerous difficulties, approached the breach -exposed to a most destructive fire. As they ascended, loose planks -studded with sharp iron points wounded their feet and produced -great mischief, and a range of sword-blades with sharp points -and keen-edges, firmly fixed in beams chained together and set -deep in the ruins, arrested the progress of the soldiers; at the -same time a terrible fire of musketry thinned their ranks. Again -the assailants rushed up the breaches with the most determined -resolution; but the sword-blades stopped their career, and the -thundering powder-barrels and hissing shells exploded continually. -Numerous and astonishing efforts of valour and intrepidity were -made, and the most heroic bravery displayed, yet the obstacles -were such as could not be overcome; and about midnight, when two -thousand brave soldiers had fallen, the survivors received orders -to retire, and re-form for a second attack. In the meantime the -third division had captured the castle, and a brigade had carried -the bastion of San Vincente; the town was thus forced; partial -actions afterwards took place in various places; and the governor -escaped to the fort of St. Christoval, where he surrendered. -Thus, by the union of ability, energy, and valour, two important -fortresses were captured in three months, in the face of two French -armies: the British commander was enabled to enlarge the sphere -of his operations, and these successes appeared as the first rays -of the coming glory which was about to shine resplendently on the -British arms. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS were subsequently honoured with the -royal authority to bear the word "BADAJOZ" on their colours; -Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney and Captain John Mair received medals; -but the regiment had to regret the loss of many brave men; the -casualties among the officers were so great that the command of -the division devolved on a major, all the general officers and -lieutenant-colonels being wounded. The loss of the SEVENTH may be -seen in the following returns. - -List of the Officers of the ROYAL FUSILIERS at the siege of BADAJOZ. - - Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Blakeney, wounded. - Major James Singer, killed. - Captain Wm. F. Cholwick, killed. - " George King. - " A. C. Wylly. - " John Mair, wounded. - " W. M. Hamerton. - " [21]Robt. Cuthbert, killed. - Lieutenant Paul St. Paul, killed. - " T. Moses, wounded. - " A. Baldwin, wounded. - " James Anderson. - " H. F. Devey, wounded. - " G. Henry, wounded. - " Pitt Hannam. - " W. A. Pyke, killed. - " Charles Barrington, wounded. - " T. F. Wray, killed. - " T. Hartley, wounded. - " R. F. Fowler, killed. - " H. R. Wallace. - " T. Y. Lester, wounded. - " R. Knowles, wounded. - " Honourable F. Russel, wounded. - " John George, wounded. - Adjutant James Hay. - Quarter-Master John Hogan. - Surgeon Wm. Armstrong. - Assistant-Surgeon Martin Mahony. - " William Williams. - - Officers. Serjeants. Drummers. Rank & File. Total. - Killed 7 2 .. 57 66 - Wounded 11 12 .. 143 166 - ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ - Total 18 14 .. 200 232 - -From Estremadura the ROYAL FUSILIERS retraced their steps to the -Agueda, and the army, advancing into Spain in June, drove the -French from Salamanca. The inhabitants of this city illuminated -their houses, shouted, sang, and wept for joy as the British troops -took up a position on the mountain of St. Christoval, about five -miles in advance; at the same time the forts (fortified convents) -at Salamanca were besieged. - -The French general, Marmont, advanced with a powerful army, and -a series of manœuvres followed; but he was unable to relieve the -forts, and they fell into the hands of the allies towards the -end of June, when he withdrew beyond the Douro, followed by Lord -Wellington. - -On the night of the 16th of July the ROYAL FUSILIERS marched to -_Castrejon_, to which place the fourth and light division and a -brigade of cavalry proceeded, preparatory to the assembling of -the army on the Guarena; but the French commander, having been -reinforced, passed the Douro, and attacked the troops at Castrejon -on the morning of the 18th of July. Some sharp skirmishing -occurred, and the ROYAL FUSILIERS had two men killed and fourteen -wounded; but this small body of British, being opposed to the whole -French army, withdrew behind the Guarena. A series of manœuvres -brought the allied army back to the position of St. Christoval, in -front of _Salamanca_, in the vicinity of which city the two armies -confronted each other on the 22nd of July. - -In the early part of this day about five hundred French gained -possession of a village in front of the fourth division, and -Captain JOHN CROWDER advanced with two companies of the ROYAL -FUSILIERS to dislodge them, which service was performed with such -distinguished firmness and resolution, that Lord Wellington, who -witnessed the affair, requested to know the name of the officer, -and Captain CROWDER was rewarded with the rank of major in the army. - -During the day, as the enemy attempted to gain the road leading to -Ciudad Rodrigo, his left wing was separated, during a complicated -manœuvre, from the remainder of his army; Lord Wellington was -watching the movements of his opponents from the summit of a rock, -and, detecting the fault, ordered his divisions to attack. Thus the -two armies came in contact under circumstances which proved the -superior abilities of the British commander; the ROYAL FUSILIERS, -under Major John Walwin Beatty, were soon hotly engaged, and they -steadily gained ground on the French forces opposed to them, -driving their opponents from one height to another. Eventually a -numerous body of French made a determined stand against the fourth -division; but after a severe contest they were obliged to give way. -An eminence in the centre of the enemy's position, on which he had -planted thirty pieces of artillery, was carried by the FUSILIER -BRIGADE with the most distinguished gallantry. Finally the French -were overthrown and driven from the field with great loss; and -they were indebted to the darkness of the night, the advantage of -a thick wood, and other circumstances, for the safety of those who -escaped the field of battle. - -_List of Officers of the_ ROYAL FUSILIERS _at the Battle of_ -SALAMANCA. - - Major J. W. Beatty. - " Geo. King. - Captain Jno. Crowder. - " Geo. Prescott, killed. - " H. English. - " W. M. Hamerton, wounded. - Lieutenant A. Baldwin. - " Jas. Anderson. - " G. Henry, wounded. - " P. Hannam, wounded. - " Johnson, wounded. - " T. Hartley, wounded. - " R. Nantes, wounded. - " H. R. Wallace, wounded. - " J. Hutchinson, wounded. - " D. Cameron. - " R. Knowles, wounded. - " E. W. Bell. - Adjutant James Hay, wounded. - Surgeon J. Williamson. - Assistant Surgeon M. Mahony. - " W. Williams. - - Officers. Serjeants. Drummers. Rank & File. Total. - Killed 1 2 .. 17 20 - Wounded 11 6 .. 162 179 - ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ - Total 12 8 .. 179 199 - -The distinguished bravery of the regiment on this occasion was -subsequently rewarded with the royal authority to bear the word -"SALAMANCA" inscribed on its colours; and Major Beatty was -presented with a gold medal. - -Following up the advantages gained on the plains of Salamanca, the -army advanced boldly into the heart of Spain, and the French were -driven from Madrid, at which city Lord Wellington arrived on the -12th of August amidst the joyful acclamations of the people. The -ROYAL FUSILIERS were stationed at Madrid, and afterwards occupied -quarters for about eight weeks at the fine palace of the Escurial, -about twenty-two miles from Madrid, from whence they were removed -in the early part of October to Val de Moro and Campo; meanwhile -the siege of Burgos had been undertaken by the main body of the -allied army. The concentration of the enemy's forces having given -him so great a superiority of numbers that a retrograde movement -was necessary on the part of the British commander, the ROYAL -FUSILIERS quitted Val de Moro and Campo, and the troops retired on -Salamanca. The army went into position; but on the enemy menacing -the communication with Ciudad Rodrigo, the allies withdrew to the -Agueda, the soldiers suffering extreme hardship from the want of -food and inclement weather. The fourth division moved to St. Joā de -Pisquiera, where the ROYAL FUSILIERS remained until the beginning -of the following year.[22] - -[Sidenote: 1813] - -On the 1st of January, 1813, the battalion mustered upwards of -twelve hundred men, including about three hundred in hospital from -wounds, &c. On the 3rd of that month sixteen serjeants and three -hundred and eleven rank and file joined from England; on the 7th -the battalion moved to Arvidiza, and in February to Castello Melhor -on the right bank of the Coa, where it remained until the army took -the field in May. - -Advancing from the banks of the Coa towards the interior of Spain, -the ROYAL FUSILIERS once more confronted the legions of Napoleon; -the battalion was strong in numbers, bringing into the field a -fine body of men on whose natural strength and valour the qualities -of order, subordination, and discipline had been engrafted, which -rendered them fit for any service. - -By a daring advance the French were once more driven from -Salamanca; by combinations evincing consummate skill, and by -efforts of an extraordinary character, the enemy's positions on -the Douro were turned; the field was then clear for the shock of -battle, and the British commander, seeing the way of victory open, -ordered forward his divisions; but the French evaded the torrent of -war, and withdrew behind the Pisuerga, and afterwards behind the -Ebro. Pressing onward with a conquering violence, the allied army -traversed rocks and mountains, and marched through regions deemed -impracticable for an army, and the French were forced back upon -Vittoria, where they prepared for a determined effort to stem the -tide of war. - -Arriving at the Bayas on the 19th of June, the British found a -division of the French army posted behind the river, and an action -was commenced. The ROYAL FUSILIERS were directed to attack the -village of _Montevite_. Approaching this rural seclusion through -a rocky mountainous country, abounding with trees, the foliage of -which concealed their advance, they arrived close to the village -unperceived; a few musket-shots alarmed the French, who instantly -fled, leaving their cooking utensils and dinner on the fire, and -some arms and accoutrements. The ROYAL FUSILIERS pursued, some -skirmishing took place, and several men fell in the conflict. The -loss of the SEVENTH was limited to three wounded. The enemy was -driven from the position on the Bayas, and forced back upon the -Zadora. - -From the banks of the Bayas the allied army advanced on the morning -of the 21st of June, to fight the French under Joseph Buonaparte -in position in front of _Vittoria_. The ROYAL FUSILIERS formed -part of the force destined for the attack of the enemy's centre -under the immediate direction of Lord Wellington. They moved from -Montevite down by Olabarre, along the valley in the centre. The -ROYAL FUSILIERS advanced in line under fire, through fields of -corn more than breast high, the French retreating before them; -and they overcame numerous obstructions and difficulties with a -regularity which excited great admiration. Arriving at the Zadora, -they were posted opposite the bridge of Nanclares; and when ordered -to cross the bridge they sprang forward with cheerful alacrity and -perfect order. The French were eventually driven from the field -with the loss of their artillery, baggage, and an immense quantity -of treasure. Many soldiers of different corps quitted their ranks -to plunder; but it was observed that, when the ROYAL FUSILIERS, -pursuing the enemy, passed the French baggage and treasure-waggons, -they were so impressed with a sense of the necessity of preserving -order, so accustomed to perfect obedience, and jealous of the -honour of their corps, that they refrained from irregularities, -and followed the enemy with unbroken ranks. A decisive victory was -gained: and the excellent conduct of the regiment was rewarded -with the honour of bearing the word "VITTORIA" on its colours. -Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney was also rewarded with an honorary -distinction. The loss of the battalion was only two men killed and -two wounded. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS pursued the French army in the direction of -_Pampeluna_, and when the enemy had effected his escape through -the Pyrenean mountains, they were employed in the blockade of -Pampeluna, a fortress of great strength, and provided with an -efficient garrison. They were, however, soon relieved from this -duty, and detached against a French division under General Clausel, -which was at Logroño when the battle of Vittoria was fought; after -a forced march of six days the FUSILIERS halted;--the enemy having -effected his escape by the pass of Jaca. The regiment afterwards -returned to the vicinity of Pampeluna, where it remained a few -days, and subsequently penetrated the Pyrenean mountains; the -fourth division taking post at Viscayret, in the valley of Urroz, -and the ROYAL FUSILIERS being at Espinal, two miles in advance. - -Thus the British army, after years of toil and conflict, endured -to procure liberty for the oppressed inhabitants of the Peninsula, -had forced the intrusive monarch of Spain from his throne, and -stood triumphant on the lofty pinnacles of the _Pyrenees_; but -another mighty struggle was at hand, in which the innate valour -and hardihood of the British soldiers were about to be tested. The -French army had been re-organized by Marshal Soult, who pushed his -divisions boldly forward to drive the British from the mountains. -The enemy having made a demonstration of an attack on the front -posts, two companies of the ROYAL FUSILIERS advanced on the 24th -of July to a height westward of Roncesvalles, where they were -joined by the remainder of the battalion during the night; on the -following morning the enemy attacked Major-General Byng's post in -Roncesvalles, and the fourth division was ordered to advance. A -detachment of the twentieth regiment evinced signal gallantry in -its attacks on the head of a French column; but was forced back by -superior numbers. Some sharp fighting occurred during the day, -and the ROYAL FUSILIERS had Lieutenant Knowles and six men killed; -one serjeant and twenty-three rank and file wounded. The British -maintained their positions during the day; but being opposed to -very superior numbers, they withdrew after sunset: the FUSILIER -BRIGADE being in the rear of the column, under Major-General -Ross, the SEVENTH underwent a night of incessant toil and intense -anxiety among the mountains. At day-light they fell in with posts -of Major-General Byng's brigade, and the retrograde movement was -continued, with short intermissions, until the allies gained a -position in front of Pampeluna, where a determined stand was made. - -Posted on the heights in front of the village of Villalba, the -ROYAL FUSILIERS awaited the approach of their opponents, resolving -to perform their duty to their King and country in whatever -circumstances they might be placed. Privations, and violent -rains soaking the bleak hills, on which the soldiers were posted -without any shelter, did not damp their courage, and on the 28th -of June they witnessed the approach of the massy columns of the -enemy without dismay. The heights occupied by the fourth division -were attacked with great fury: the ROYAL FUSILIERS were hotly -engaged, and sternly, and with sanguinary tenacity, was the ground -contested. Appalling shouts smote the ears of the French soldiers -as they stormed the position, and the next moment ranks of British -bayonets met them in mid-onset, and in the shock of steel the -French soldiers were forced back with a horrid carnage. Four -times the ROYAL FUSILIERS precipitated themselves on the hosts -of opponents which assailed their post, and on every occasion -they proved victorious. The Marquis of Wellington observed in -his despatch:--"In the course of this contest the gallant fourth -division, which has so frequently been distinguished in this -army, surpassed their former good conduct. Every regiment charged -with the bayonet,--the fortieth, the SEVENTH, twentieth, and -twenty-third, four different times. Their officers set them an -example; and Major-General Ross had two horses killed under him." -The battle was renewed on the 29th and 30th of July, and the French -commander, being foiled in every attempt by superior skill and -unconquerable valour, retired towards France, closely pursued by -the victorious allied army. - -Officers present at the battle of the 28th of July. - - Lieutenant-Colonel E. Blakeney. - Major William Despard, killed. - Captain J. Crowder, wounded. - " A. Fernie, killed. - " Jno. Orr, wounded. - " Hy. Tarleton. - " C. J. Wemyss, killed. - " W. M. Hamerton, wounded. - Lieutenant J. Anderson. - " W. Wilkinson - " R. Johnson. - " G. Loggan, wounded. - " Wm. Payne. - " Thos. Hartley. - " J. Huchinson. - " J. B. Fraser, killed. - " W. Dalgairnes. - " C. Lorentz. - " Martin Orr. - " J. L. Nunn, wounded. - " A. L. Estrange. - " D. Cameron. - " R. Haggup. - " J. D. King, wounded. - " Hon. F. Russel. - " R. Garrett, wounded. - Adjutant Jas. Hay. - Quarter-Master Jno. Hogan. - Surgeon Mahony. - Assistant-Surgeon W. Williams. - " H. Fisher. - - Officers. Serjeants. Drummers. Rank and File. Total. - - Killed 4 3 .. 40 47 - Wounded 7 11 .. 148 166 - ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ - Total 11 14 .. 188 213 - -This display of valour on the part of the ROYAL FUSILIERS was -rewarded with the honour of bearing the word "PYRENEES" on their -colours as a mark of royal favour and approbation; and their -commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Blakeney, was also -rewarded with an honorary distinction. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS took part in the movements by which the enemy -was driven through the Pyrenean mountains back to France; they were -also engaged, on the 7th of October, in the operations connected -with the passage of the _Bidassoa_, when the French were forced -from several strong mountain positions defended with field-works. -The light and fourth divisions advanced against the posts of Vera -and Liran, and the attack was successful. - -After the passage of the Bidassoa the SEVENTH were encamped about -a month near the bridge of Lezaca and heights of Liran; and drafts -amounting to about two hundred serjeants and rank and file were -received from the second battalion, then quartered in the isle of -Jersey. - -On the 10th of November the allied army drove the enemy from his -positions on the river _Nivelle_; the British now stood triumphant -and firmly established in France, and the admirers of unprincipled -aggression beheld the day of retribution overtake a country which -had been vainly styled "sacred;" the deep wrongs of insulted -nations were, however, not avenged on the French peasantry, who -received less harsh treatment from the allies than from their own -countrymen in arms; but the tyrant who had hurled the thunders -of war against the unoffending nations of the Peninsula saw them -recoil with accumulated fury upon his own head. - -Major-General the HONOURABLE EDWARD MICHAEL PAKENHAM, -Lieutenant-Colonel of the ROYAL FUSILIERS (an officer of such -distinguished valour and ability that the regiment was truly proud -of its lieutenant-colonel), was promoted on the 21st May, 1813, to -the colonelcy of the sixth West India regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel -EDWARD BLAKENEY, who had so often and so nobly headed the regiment -in the field of battle, obtained permission to return to England, -and the command devolved on Major JOHN BEATTY.[23] - -[Sidenote: 1814] - -A train of military and political events, not immediately affecting -the fame or testing the valour of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, took place -in December, 1813, and January 1814. The passage of the Adour -and Gave d'Oleron, with the blockade of Bayonne, took place in -February, and the French withdrew to a position at _Orthes_, where -they were attacked on the 27th of February. The ROYAL FUSILIERS -advanced against the enemy's right at St. Boës, and were thrown -forward to commence the action as light troops, and to cover the -advance of the columns of attack, a service which the nature of the -ground particularly favoured. The brigade, composed of the SEVENTH, -twentieth, and twenty-third regiments, was warmly engaged until -two in the afternoon, when the fifth division arrived and took the -brunt of the action at that point. Finally the French Marshal was -forced to retire with severe loss. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS had one serjeant and five rank and file killed; -Lieutenants Burke, Nantes, Lorentz, and Cameron, four serjeants, -and fifty-two rank and file wounded; and their gallantry procured -them the honour of bearing the word "ORTHES" on their colours. -Major JOHN WALWIN BEATTY, commanding the battalion, was rewarded -with a gold clasp. - -In March the ROYAL FUSILIERS were detached, with other corps, -towards Bourdeaux: the French garrison fled at the approach of the -British, and the inhabitants declared in favour of the Bourbon -dynasty. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS returned to the army, and had the honour to -take part in the battle of _Toulouse_ on the 10th of April, when -the French were once more defeated. The battalion was not seriously -engaged on this occasion, and its loss was limited to one man -killed and three wounded. Its gallant bearing was conspicuous, -and was rewarded with the word "TOULOUSE" on its colours, and an -honorary distinction for its commander, Major JOHN W. BEATTY, who -was also promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Major S. -B. Auchmuty, commanding the light companies of the brigade, was -rewarded with a medal and the rank of lieutenant-colonel. - -The French army withdrew within the town, with the view of -defending the place to the last extremity, but subsequently -retired, and hostilities were soon afterwards terminated by the -abdication of Napoleon and the restoration of Louis XVIII. to the -throne of France. - -Thus years of toil and bloodshed, which had developed--in vast -combinations--in astonishing exhibitions of skill, firmness, -iron hardihood, heroic valour--the true character of WELLINGTON -and the soldiers he led from kingdom to kingdom, from victory to -victory, and had forced all the nations of Europe to confess the -glory of the British arms, terminated in the restoration of peace -to the troubled states of Europe. The ROYAL FUSILIERS had fought -and toiled for the good of other countries; at this glorious -termination of their labours, they were placed in quarters of -refreshment among the French peasantry, and they received the -blessings of the people they had delivered from usurpation and -tyranny. - -Among the numerous instances in which a very excellent spirit had -been displayed by individuals during this arduous struggle, the -Record Book of the ROYAL FUSILIERS bears extraordinary testimony -of the most laudable and indefatigable exertions of Adjutant JAMES -HAY, who, making the duties of his appointment the business of -his life, aided with praiseworthy zeal his commanding officer in -maintaining the efficiency, discipline, and reputation of his -corps, in which he took a lively interest; he was never absent -from his regiment during the whole of the Peninsular campaigns, -excepting from wounds, and he thus earned an imperishable fame in -the annals of the ROYAL FUSILIERS. - -At the end of May the regiment was withdrawn from its cantonments, -and, proceeding towards Bourdeaux, was encamped a few days near -that city; on the 14th of June it was embarked at Pouillac in -transport brigs, and conveyed down the Garonne to the "Clarence" -(a British seventy-four), lying in Verdun roads. In this ship the -regiment sailed to England, where it arrived, after an absence of -nearly seven years, towards the end of June, and on landing at -Plymouth was greeted with the hearty cheers of crowds of countrymen -assembled on the occasion, who testified their admiration of the -brilliant career of the regiment in a most lively manner. - -After landing, the regiment occupied quarters at Totness for -several weeks; it subsequently proceeded to Portsmouth, where both -battalions were stationed in garrison; the second battalion having -returned in August from Jersey, where it had been stationed since -November, 1811. - -At the termination of the Peninsular War, Lieutenant-Colonel EDWARD -BLAKENEY was honoured with the dignity of Knight of the Tower and -Sword by the Prince Regent of Portugal; he was also rewarded with a -cross and clasp for his services at Martinique, Albuhera, Badajoz, -Vittoria, and in the Pyrenees. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS were not long permitted to enjoy repose, -before an order from the Horse Guards summoned them to engage in -scenes of conflict beyond the Atlantic ocean. The impressing of -British seamen on board of American vessels, with the enforcing of -certain Orders in Council, designed to counteract the decrees of -Buonaparte, who, in the height of his power, endeavoured to destroy -the commerce of Great Britain, had been followed by a war with the -United States, and the SEVENTH were selected to proceed with the -forty-third light infantry under Major-General Lambert, to join -the troops engaged in active service against the American coast. -The first battalion was completed to a thousand rank and file from -the second, and embarked on the 4th of October, under the command -of Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Blakeney; it proceeded, in the first -instance, to Plymouth, from whence it sailed to the West Indies.[24] - -[Sidenote: 1815] - -From the West Indies the regiment sailed towards the southern -states of North America, and arrived, on the first of January, -1815, off the coast of Louisiana; it was there removed into small -boats, to proceed along Lake Barque to join the army commanded -by Major-General the Honourable Sir Edward Michael Pakenham, -K.C.B., near _New Orleans_, a place of some note, situate on the -eastern bank of the Mississippi. After a difficult navigation of -eighty miles in small boats, the regiment landed (having lost a -serjeant and sixteen men by the sinking of a boat on the lake); -and on the following day joined the army at its camp on the bank -of the Mississippi. Arrangements had previously been made for the -attack by storm of a line of entrenchments and redoubts which the -Americans had constructed behind a canal to cover the approach to -_New Orleans_, and behind which they had collected an army treble -the numbers of the British. A short time before day-light, on -the morning of the 8th of January, the ROYAL FUSILIERS were at -their post, and forming, with the forty-third, the reserve to the -storming party. Some delay occurred; the ladders were not ready at -the proper moment; and when the soldiers rushed forward to storm -the enemy's works, difficulties were encountered which it was found -impossible to overcome. A serious loss had been sustained in killed -and wounded; the commander-in-chief had fallen;[25] and no chance -of ultimate success remained: when the storming parties fell back, -the SEVENTH and forty-third, deploying into line, and making a -forward motion, presented the appearance of a renewed attack, by -which the Americans were so much awed that they did not venture to -pursue the retreating soldiers; at the same time the two regiments -presented so steady and confident a front under a heavy fire as -to excite great admiration, and the storming parties rallied and -formed in support. No prospect of ultimate success appearing, -the troops withdrew to their camp. The loss of the SEVENTH on -this occasion was Major King, Captain Henry, one serjeant, and -twenty-three rank and file killed; Captains Mullins and Page, -Lieutenant Lorentz and Higgins, six serjeants, and sixty-two rank -and file wounded. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS were subsequently employed in occupying -posts close to the enemy's position; meanwhile a temporary road -was constructed through a morass to the lake, and the British, -withdrawing by a night march, embarked in boats and returned to -the fleet: the FUSILIERS and piquets remained before the enemy -until the morning of the 19th of January, when they retired. During -the few days the ROYAL FUSILIERS had been before _New Orleans_, -privations and sufferings of every kind had been endured with a -cheerfulness which redounded to the honour of the officers and -soldiers. - -The FUSILIERS were afterwards landed on Isle Dauphin, north of -Mobile Bay, West Florida. An attack on _Mobile_ was resolved on, -and _Fort Bowyer_, which commanded the entrance to the harbour, -was besieged and captured, and two companies of the SEVENTH -garrisoned the fort. Further hostilities were, however, prevented -by a treaty of peace; and in March the regiment embarked from the -Isle Dauphin, West Florida, for England; two vessels were delayed -on the voyage; the remainder, landing at Deal, occupied the barrack -at that place until the middle of June. Napoleon Buonaparte had, -in the meantime, regained the throne of France: a British army had -assembled in the Netherlands, under the Duke of Wellington, to wage -war against the usurper; and the ROYAL FUSILIERS were ordered to -embark for Flanders to share in the conflict. The first division of -the regiment, consisting of the head-quarters and four companies, -landed at Ostend on the 18th of June, the day the French army was -overthrown at _Waterloo_, and proceeded in boats up the canal to -Bruges. These companies were afterwards assembled at Ghent, from -whence they advanced up the country, in charge of treasure for the -allied army, and arrived in the vicinity of Paris on the 6th of -July. The war had terminated; the Bourbon dynasty was restored; and -the ROYAL FUSILIERS were encamped near Paris three months, during -which time the remainder of the battalion arrived at the camp. The -regiment was present at several reviews of the British forces, in -the presence of the Emperor of Russia, King of Prussia, and other -sovereigns. In September the regiment occupied a temporary barrack -beyond the town and forest of St. Germain. In December it returned -to Paris and occupied a large public building, which was fitted up -for a barrack, the officers being quartered on the inhabitants. - -On the 24th of December the _second battalion_ transferred its men -fit for service to the first, and was _disbanded_ at Dover; at the -same time a recruiting company was added to the establishment of -the first battalion. - -Honorary distinctions were this year conferred on many officers of -the army. Colonel Sir Edward Blakeney, of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, was -honoured with the dignity of Knight Commander of the Order of the -Bath, and the following officers were appointed Companions of the -Order of the Bath:--Lieutenant Colonels John Walwin Beatty, Samuel -Benjamin Auchmuty, and Alexander Campbell Wylly. - -[Sidenote: 1816] - -On the 1st of January, 1816, the effective strength was one -thousand and twenty-eight; the regiment left Paris on the 16th -of January, and marching to the Pas de Calais, was placed in -village-cantonments in the vicinity of Bapaume, forming part of the -Army of Occupation in France. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS were highly commended at the half-yearly -inspection on the 22nd of May: they were reviewed by -Lieutenant-General Lord Hill in August, and obtained his lordship's -approbation; and in September Lieutenant-General Sir Lowry Cole -made a minute inspection of the regiment, and expressed his entire -satisfaction of its appearance and discipline. - -In September the regiment was removed to the vicinity of Cambray, -and was subsequently encamped near Denain, with the remainder -of the first division, the other divisions being encamped about -two miles distant. On the 22nd of October the British, Saxon, -and Danish contingents of the Army of Occupation were reviewed -by the Duke of Wellington, in presence of their Royal Highnesses -the Dukes of Kent and Cambridge, who expressed their admiration -of the appearance and discipline of the troops. After the review -the regiment returned to its village cantonments, and at the -half-yearly inspection in November, Major-General Sir James Kempt -expressed his satisfaction at its appearance and condition. - -[Sidenote: 1817] - -In the early part of 1817 the establishment was reduced to -eight hundred and sixty seven non-commissioned officers and -private soldiers; and in April the regiment marched to the -city of Valenciennes, and with the twenty-third, forty-third, -fifty-seventh, and ninety-first, formed the garrison of that -fortress. - -On the 6th of September the ROYAL FUSILIERS were present at -the review of the British and Danish contingents by the King -of Prussia; on the 9th of that month they were reviewed by -Lieutenant-General Lord Hill; and on the 15th of October, by his -Grace the Duke of Wellington. - -[Sidenote: 1818] - -Having passed the winter at Valenciennes, the SEVENTH were -reviewed, in June, near that fortress with the British, Danish, -and Saxon contingents, by the Grand Duke Michael of Russia, for -whom the regiment furnished a guard of honour. The British troops -were subsequently reviewed by Lieutenant-General Lord Hill on the -3rd of September; by the Duke of Wellington in presence of their -Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Kent, on the 10th of that -month; and on the 23rd of October by the Emperor of Russia, King of -Prussia, Prince of Orange, &c. &c. - -Soon after this review the establishment was reduced to seven -hundred and forty-six officers and soldiers; and the Army of -Occupation being withdrawn from France, the regiment marched to -Calais, where it embarked for England, and landed at Dover on the -2nd of November. - -After occupying Dover Castle barracks a few days, the regiment -marched to Deal, where it embarked for Ireland, and landed on the -26th and 27th of November at the Cove of Cork, from whence it -proceeded to Fermoy, and, in December, to Dublin. - -[Sidenote: 1819] - -[Sidenote: 1820] - -[Sidenote: 1821] - -The regiment remained at Dublin until August, 1820, and its -appearance, discipline, and interior economy were commended at -the half-yearly inspections made by Major-Generals White, Buller, -and Sir Colquhoun Grant. It subsequently occupied extensive -cantonments, the head-quarters being at Londonderry, where it was -inspected by Lieutenant-General Sir David Baird, and Major-General -Sir Sidney Beckwith, and obtained the approbation of these -distinguished officers. In November it embarked at Belfast for -Scotland, and landing at Port Patrick, marched from thence to -Edinburgh and Glasgow: its appearance and discipline were commended -at the half-yearly inspection made by Major-General Sir Thomas -Bradford; and in June, 1821, when it was ordered to march to -England, this general-officer "expressed his warmest approbation of -the uniform good conduct and regularity in quarters, as well as of -the high state of discipline in the field and excellent interior -economy;" at the same time requesting "Colonel Sir Edward Blakeney -to convey these sentiments to the officers, non-commissioned -officers, and soldiers." - -Leaving Scotland in July, the regiment proceeded to -Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Carlisle, Tynemouth, and Sunderland; and in -August the establishment was reduced to six hundred and fifty -officers and men. - -[Sidenote: 1822] - -In the spring of 1822 the regiment marched to Chatham and -Sheerness; from whence it was removed in June and July to Brighton -and Windsor, and had the honour of performing the King's duty -during the residence of King George IV. at the Royal Pavilion, -Brighton. - -[Sidenote: 1825] - -[Sidenote: 1828] - -In the summer of 1825 the regiment was divided into six service and -four depôt companies; the service companies embarked at Gosport on -the 14th and 15th of June for the Ionian Islands, where they were -stationed until September 1828, when they were removed to Malta. - -[Sidenote: 1832] - -On the decease of General Sir Alured Clarke, the colonelcy of the -ROYAL FUSILIERS was conferred on Major-General Sir Edward Blakeney, -K.C.B., G.C.H., by commission dated the 20th of September, 1832. - -[Sidenote: 1833] - -[Sidenote: 1834] - -[Sidenote: 1835] - -In December, 1833, the depôt companies embarked at Portsmouth for -Ireland, where they arrived in January, 1834; they returned to -England in October, 1835, and landed at Portsmouth. - -[Sidenote: 1836] - -The service companies remained at Malta until the early part of -1836, when they returned to England, and landing at Portsmouth, -were stationed at that fortress until June, when they removed to -Winchester. - -In July the regiment marched to Windsor, and had the honour of -performing the King's duty during the residence of His Majesty King -William IV. at Windsor Castle. - -While on duty at Windsor, a superb piece of plate for the officers' -mess-table was directed by His Majesty King William IV. to be -presented to the regiment, with the following inscription:-- - -_"The Gracious Gift of King William the Fourth, July 1836."_ - -"His Majesty remembers with satisfaction, that he became a -member of the Mess of the ROYAL FUSILIERS at Plymouth in the -year 1786, and he has directed his son, _Colonel Lord Frederick -Fitz Clarence_, who had the advantage of commanding the Regiment -during some years,[26] to present this piece of plate as a mark of -His Majesty's approbation;--of his high sense of the gallant and -admirable services, and of the exemplary discipline and gentlemanly -conduct, which have uniformly distinguished the _Royal Fusiliers_." - -[Sidenote: 1837] - -[Sidenote: 1838] - -[Sidenote: 1839] - -Leaving Windsor in August, the regiment proceeded into Lancashire, -and the head-quarters were stationed at Bolton until the autumn of -1837, when the regiment proceeded to Ireland. During the year 1838 -the ROYAL FUSILIERS were stationed at Dublin; in May, 1839, they -were removed to Kilkenny, and in August following to Cork. - -In the autumn six companies of the regiment embarked for Gibraltar, -and arrived at that fortress in November, leaving four depôt -companies in Ireland. - -[Sidenote: 1840 to 1844] - -The service companies remained at Gibraltar until the 19th -December, 1844, when they embarked for the West Indies, under -the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Farquharson, on board of Her -Majesty's Troop Ship "Resistance," and arrived at Barbadoes on the -18th January, 1845. - -[Sidenote: 1845] - -The depôt companies remained in Ireland from the embarkation of the -service companies for Gibraltar until November, 1841, when they -proceeded from Cork to Dover, and remained in England until June, -1845, when they returned to Ireland, where they have remained to -the present year, 1846. - -[Illustration: 7th Fusiliers, 1846.] - -[Sidenote: 1846] - -The service companies at the end of the year 1846, when this Record -concludes, were in the West Indies, the head-quarters at St. -Vincent. - - * * * * * - -The foregoing pages contain a faithful history of the ROYAL -FUSILIERS from the period of their formation in the year 1685, and -of the peculiar service for which this Regiment was originally -established. The introduction of artillery, and the expert and -proper management of field-guns, rendered it necessary that a -suitable description of officers and men should be selected -for such an important and scientific branch of the service, -in order to ensure its usefulness; hence it may be inferred, -that as qualifications of a superior kind were requisite, the -_Subaltern Officers in the Royal Fusiliers_ obtained, on their -first appointment, the rank of LIEUTENANT, a distinction which is -continued to the present time. - -During a period exceeding one hundred and sixty years, the ROYAL -FUSILIERS have proved themselves to be a faithful and zealous -Regiment in the cause of Royalty, and in the interests of their -country. Their services in various parts of Europe and America, -when war has required their presence and exertions, have, on all -occasions, been conspicuous; and their conduct on home-service, -when relieved from their tour of duty abroad, has been marked by -a strict adherence to the rules of order and discipline: these -qualities have rendered them a valuable corps to the Government -of the country, and have obtained for them a continuance of the -approbation of their Sovereign. - -1846. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[6] "Our Royal Regiment of Fusiliers to have snap-hance musquets, -strapt, with bright barrels of three feet eight inches long, with -good swords, cartouch-boxes, and bionetts."--_King James IInd's -orders for arming the Royal Fusiliers._ - -[7] "JAMES R. - -"These are to authorise you, by beat of drum or otherwise, to -raise volunteers to serve for soldiers in your own company in Our -Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, which we have appointed to be raised, -and whereof you are colonel; which company is to consist of one -hundred private soldiers, three serjeants, three corporals, and two -drummers. And as the said soldiers shall be respectively raised in -the said company, they are to be produced to muster, to the intent -that they may be received into our pay and entertainment; and when -that number shall be fully or nearly completed, they are to march -to the general rendezvous of their regiment, where they are also -to be mustered. And you are to appoint such person or persons as -you shall think fit to receive arms for the said soldiers, and -halberts for the said serjeants, out of the stores of Our Ordnance. -And we do hereby require all magistrates, justices of the peace, -constables and others, Our officers, whom it may concern, at -the places where you shall raise, march, or rendezvous our said -company, to be assisting therein as there shall be occasion. - -"Given at our Court at Whitehall the 20th day of June, 1685. - - "By His Majesty's Command." - "WILLIAM BLATHWAYTE. - -"_To our trusty and well-beloved Councillor, George Lord Dartmouth, -Colonel of our Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, and Captain of a -Company in the said Regiment._" - -[8] "_Windsor, 7th September, 1685._ - -"SIR, - -"The King having ordered three companies of the Royal Regiment of -Fusiliers to remain in garrison at Sheerness, instead of the three -companies that were usually there, and the quarters being too -strait, unless some of the officers be lodged in the Navy Dock, His -Majesty thinks fit that you signify his pleasure to the officers of -the dock that they afford quarters to such of the officers of those -companies as need them. Being all I have in command. - - "I remain, &c. - "WILLIAM BLATHWAYTE. - -"To _Mr. Pepys_." - -[9] Coxe's Life of Marlborough. - -[10] Story's History of the Wars in Ireland. - -[11] 12th September. "This day the ordinary detachments of the -Earl of Bath's regiment and of the FUSILIERS being at work at -the bastion, part, in enlarging the ditch, found an old hidden -treasure, which quickly stopped the soldiers' working, who fell -all a scrambling in a heap, one upon another, some bringing off a -very good booty, some gold, and some silver, several Jacobuses and -Sovereigns being found by the soldiers, and a great many old pieces -of silver of Henry II., Charles IX., Henry III., and Henry IVth's -coin, which are now hardly to be found in France. The people of -the town supposed this money belonged to one Elfort, a gentleman -who died many years ago, and who buried his treasure (when the -Mareschal de Rantzau took the town) in the Bernardine Nuns' garden -(the ground where the money was found having formerly been part -of the garden), which Count de Monteroy caused to be demolished, -and they think there might have been about 900 pound groat, which -makes the value of 450 guineas English. This Elfort left it by will -to his children with the marks where to find it; but his children -could never discover it."--_D'Auvergne._ - -[12] Major-General Tyron's despatch. - -[13] Ibid. - -[14] Earl Cornwallis's despatch. - -[15] The following non-commissioned officers were rewarded with -commissions at the recommendation of PRINCE EDWARD during the -period His Royal Highness commanded the regiment in North America:-- - - 1795 Serjeant Walter Beavan, Ensign in the Nova Scotia Fencibles. - 1796 Serjeant-Major Joseph Parkes, Quarter-Master in the Royal - Fusiliers. - ---- Serjeant Christopher Taylor, Lieutenant in ditto. - ---- Quarter-Master Serjeant John Opinslaw, Ensign in the Invalids. - ---- Serjeant James Colledge, Ensign in St. John's Island Provincials. - 1797 Serjeant James Turner, Ensign 31st Regiment. - ---- Serjeant-Major Frederick Plansker, Ensign in the Fencibles. - 1802 Serjeant-Major John Robertson, Ensign in the first, or the royal - regiment. - -[16] The following non-commissioned officers were rewarded with -commissions:-- - - 1804 Serjeant Francis Gilliman, Quarter-Master, Nova Scotia Fencibles. - 1805 Serjeant-Major George Galbraith, Ensign and Adjutant, First Royal - Foot. - ---- Quarter-Master-Serjeant John Hogan, Quarter-Master, Seventh Royal - Fusiliers. - -[17] A General Order was issued to the army on the 18th January, -1810 (No. 182), by direction of the Commander-in-Chief, containing -the substance of the following General Order, issued in North -America, on this subject:-- - - "GENERAL ORDER. QUEBEC, _4th October, 1809_. - -"The Commander of the Forces has lately had occasion to see in a -Halifax newspaper a copy of an address presented by the serjeants -of the 1st battalion ROYAL FUSILIERS to Captain ORR, on that -officer relinquishing the Adjutancy in consequence of being -promoted to a company. So novel a circumstance could not fail to -draw the attention of His Excellency, it being the first of the -kind that has come to his knowledge during the forty-six years that -he has been in the service; and as the first instance has thus (so -far as he is aware, at least) occurred on the part of the army with -the charge of which the King has been pleased to intrust him, he -feels himself called on by every obligation of duty to His Majesty -and the service to bear his testimony against it by a public -expression of disapprobation. - -"His Excellency does not mean in this instance to ascribe any -improper motive to the serjeants. He has no doubt that their sole -view was to express their regard and gratitude towards an officer -who, in the intimate connexion that had officially subsisted -between them, had very commendably conducted himself with kindness -to them without departing from that strictness of discipline which -was indispensable to the discharge of his duty. - -"But while His Excellency thus does justice to the intention of the -serjeants of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, he desires at the same time very -seriously to observe to them, that in presuming to meet, in order -to deliberate on the conduct of their superior officer, they have -in fact, however unintentionally, been guilty of an act of great -insubordination. - -"It matters not that the design of the meeting, or in whatever -manner the address was unanimously assented to, was solely to -express their respect and esteem; the very circumstance implies -discussion, and by that discussion they rendered themselves -obnoxious to the imputation alluded to.--Who, indeed, shall say -where such a practice, if once introduced, shall end? If the -non-commissioned officers of a regiment are permitted to express -their approbation of the conduct of the Adjutant, why may they not -exercise the same right with respect to their commanding officer? -Or what reason can be given why they should not be equally entitled -to express their disapprobation? Indeed, should the practice become -general, the merely withholding the former would imply the latter. - -"General Sir JAMES CRAIG is more desirous that his sentiments on -this subject should be distinctly understood in the FUSILIERS, -because it appears on the face of the address of the serjeants in -question that it has been countenanced by the officer who then -commanded the regiment. The Commander of the Forces does no more -than justice to the character and services of that officer when -he admits that, feeling as he does the dangerous tendency of the -practice which he is censuring, he also feels himself the more -bound to oppose it, in the first instance, from the strength which -it might otherwise derive from the sanction which he appears -to have given to it.--Lieutenant-Colonel PAKENHAM will however -believe that, though it was impossible the General should avoid -this observation upon his error, yet his doing so can by no means -detract from the esteem with which he has been taught to view his -character as an officer, or the confidence which he should be -disposed to place in his service. - - (Signed) "EDWARD BAYNES, - "Adjutant-General to the - "British army serving in North America." - -[18] _British Troops engaged at the Battle of Albuhera on the 16th -May, 1811._ - -Cavalry under Major-General the Honourable Sir William Lumley; 3rd -Dragoon Guards, 4th Dragoons, and 13th Light Dragoons. - - { Lieut.-Col. Colborne, { 3rd Foot, 1st Battalion, - { { 31st ditto, 2nd ditto, - { { 48th ditto, 2nd ditto, - SECOND { { 66th ditto, 2nd ditto, - DIVISION. { { 60th, one Company 5th ditto. - HON. { - MAJOR-GEN. { Major-Gen. Hoghton. { 29th Foot, - W. STEWART. { { 48th ditto, 1st Battalion, - { { 57th ditto, 1st ditto, - { { 60th, one Company 5th ditto. - { - { Hon. Lt.-Col. { 28th Foot, 2nd Battalion, - { Abercromby. { 34th ditto, 2nd ditto, - { { 39th ditto, 2nd ditto, - { { 60th, one Company 5th ditto. - - { Brigadier { 27th Foot, 3rd Battalion, - { General { 40th ditto, 1st ditto, - FOURTH { Kemmis.[19] { 97th ditto, (or Queen's Own.) - DIVISION. { { 60th, one Company 5th ditto. - HON. M.-GEN. { - L. COLE. { { 7th Foot, 1st Battalion, - { Fusilier { 7th ditto, 2nd Battalion, - { Brigade. { 23rd ditto, 1st ditto, - { { Brunswick Oels, 1 Company. - - Major-Gen. Baron Chas. { 1st Light Battalion German - Alten. { Legion, - { 2nd ditto, ditto. - -The following description of the charge of the FUSILIER BRIGADE at -Albuhera is extracted from Colonel Napier's admirable history of -the Peninsular War. - -"The fourth division was composed of two brigades; the one of -Portuguese, under General Harvey; the other, commanded by Sir -William Myers, consisted of the seventh and twenty-third regiments, -and was called the Fusilier Brigade. Harvey's Portuguese being -immediately pushed in between Lumley's dragoons and the hill, were -charged by some French cavalry, whom they beat off, and meanwhile -General Cole led the Fusiliers up the contested height. At this -time six guns were in the enemy's possession, the whole of Werle's -reserves were coming forward to reinforce the front column of -the French, the remnant of Hoghton's brigade could no longer -maintain its ground, and the field was heaped with carcases, the -lancers were riding furiously about the captured artillery on the -upper parts of the hill, and behind all, Hamilton's Portuguese -and Alten's Germans withdrawing from the bridge, seemed to be in -full retreat. Cole's Fusiliers, flanked by a battalion of the -Lusitanian legion under Colonel Hawkshawe, soon mounted the hill, -drove off the lancers, recovered five of the captured guns and one -colour, and appeared on the right of Hoghton's brigade exactly as -Abercrombie passed it on the left. - -"Such a gallant line issuing from the midst of the smoke, and -rapidly separating itself from the broken multitude, startled the -enemy's heavy masses, which were increasing and pressing onwards as -to an assured victory: they wavered, hesitated, and then vomiting -forth a storm of fire, hastily endeavoured to enlarge their front, -while a fearful discharge of grape from all their artillery -whistled through the British ranks. Myers was killed; Cole, the -three colonels--Ellis, Blakeney, and Hawkshawe--fell wounded; and -the Fusilier battalions, struck by the iron tempest, reeled and -staggered like sinking ships. But suddenly and sternly recovering, -they closed on their terrible enemies, and then was seen with what -a strength and majesty the British soldier fights! In vain did -Soult, by voice and gesture, animate his Frenchmen; in vain did the -hardiest veterans, extricating themselves from the crowded columns, -sacrifice their lives to gain time for the mass to open out on such -a fair field; in vain did the mass itself bear up, and, fiercely -striving, fire indiscriminately upon friends and foes, while the -horsemen hovering on the flanks threatened to charge the advancing -line. Nothing could stop that astonishing infantry! No sudden -burst of undisciplined valour, no nervous enthusiasm, weakened the -stability of their order; their flashing eyes were bent on the dark -columns in their front; their measured tread shook the ground; -their dreadful volleys swept away the head of every formation; -their deafening shouts overpowered the dissonant cries that broke -from all parts of the tumultuous crowd, as foot by foot, and with -a horrid carnage, it was driven by the incessant vigour of the -attack to the farthest edge of the hill. There the French reserve, -mixing with the struggling multitude, endeavoured to sustain the -fight; but the effort only increased the irremediable confusion, -the mighty mass gave way, and like a loosened cliff, went headlong -down the ascent. The rain flowed after in streams discoloured -with blood, and fifteen hundred unwounded men, the remnant of six -thousand unconquerable British soldiers, stood triumphant on the -fatal hill!" - -"The Fusiliers exceeded anything that the usual word 'Gallantry' -can convey."--_Colonel Sir Henry Hardinge._ - -"In this attack, and carrying the enemy's position, the Fusilier -brigade lost 1000 out of 1500 men and 45 officers; among whom -three were commanding officers;--and exhibited an example of -steadiness and heroic gallantry which history, I believe, cannot -surpass."--_Major-General Sir G. Lowry Cole._ - -[19] Brigadier-General Kemmis's brigade, being on the north side of -the Guadiana, was left in that position in order to secure the safe -removal of the stores to the town of Elvas on the siege of Badajoz -being raised, and was prevented, on that account, from joining the -fourth division until the morning of the 17th of May. - -[20] During the year 1811 the following non-commissioned officers -were rewarded with commissions. - - Serjeant-Major Timothy Meagher, Lieutenant Seventh Fusiliers. - Serjeant-Major William Johnson, Ensign Fifty-seventh Regiment. - Quarter-Master Serjeant Arthur Byrne, Ensign and Adjutant - Twenty-seventh Regiment. - Serjeant William Gough, appointed Ensign, Second West India - Regiment, on 14th November, 1811; promoted - to a Lieutenantcy on 12th August, 1813; and - died in September, 1817. - -[21] This officer was aide-de-camp to Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas -Picton, and was mortally wounded on the 19th March. - -[22] In July, 1812, Serjeant William Harris of the Royal Fusiliers -was rewarded with the commission of Ensign and Adjutant in the -twenty-seventh regiment. - -[23] Serjeant Joseph Wood was this year rewarded with a commission -in the thirteenth veteran battalion formed at Lisbon. - -[24] The following non-commissioned officers were this year -rewarded with commissions:-- - - Serjeant John Henry, Ensign and Adjutant Ninety-first Regiment. - Quarter-Master Serjeant William Greenwood, Quarter-Master - Seventh Regiment. - Serjeant John Day, Ensign Sixtieth Regiment. - -[25] MAJOR-GENERAL THE HONOURABLE SIR EDWARD MICHAEL PAKENHAM, -G.C.B., brother of the Earl of Longford, was appointed Captain in -May, 1794, in the ninety-second regiment, a corps raised on the -breaking out of the French Revolutionary War in 1793, and disbanded -soon afterwards. In December, 1794, he was appointed major in the -thirty-third light dragoons, and when this corps was disbanded, -he obtained the majority of the twenty-third light dragoons, -from which he was promoted, in 1799, to the lieutenant-colonelcy -of the sixty-fourth foot: in May, 1804, he was appointed -lieutenant-colonel in the ROYAL FUSILIERS. He assumed the command -of the first battalion of the SEVENTH at Weymouth in 1806, and by -his amiable deportment and attention to the welfare of his corps, -he soon won the affection and esteem of the officers and soldiers. -He commanded the regiment in the expedition to Copenhagen in 1807, -and at the capture of Martinique in 1809, when he gave presage of -that noble ardour and contempt of danger which were afterwards most -signally displayed under the great Duke of Wellington in Portugal -and Spain. While in Nova Scotia, he established a book of merit in -the SEVENTH; and when, on leaving the regiment to serve under Lord -Wellington, the officers presented him with a valuable sword, he -sent the following answer to their address. - -"I received your letter, caused by my proposed departure, with -warmth equal to its tenor, with satisfaction few men have had a -right to experience. - -"Friendship formed at ease, confirmed in danger, becomes too sacred -to need professions. - -"Your cordial zeal, however, anticipated my wishes towards the -prosperity of the corps, which your generosity has too much -attributed to my exertions. Let my actions speak a continuance of -attachment. - -"Your gift, and desire of recollection hereafter, to me will serve -as professional impellants. - -"In leaving the FUSILIERS, I separate from the best comrades, from -the chief source of my soldier's pride; yet it is for the object of -duty:--here draw the line. - -"Do you, by usual energy, continue ripe for service; it is for me -to improve to become the more honourable to lead you." - -From this period (1809) he served at nearly every action fought by -the British troops in the Peninsula; and was rewarded with honorary -distinctions for the battles of Busaco and Fuentes d'Onor. In -October, 1811, he was promoted to the local rank of major-general -in Spain and Portugal, and in 1812 to the rank of major-general in -the army. - -At the battle of Salamanca he commanded the third division, and -acquired additional honour by the spirited manner in which he -assailed the enemy's left, overthrowing all opposition, and was -rewarded with another honorary distinction. In May, 1813, he was -appointed colonel of the Sixth West India regiment, and he was -employed as Adjutant-General to the army commanded by the Marquis -of Wellington until the colossal power of Napoleon was destroyed, -and the Bourbon dynasty restored to the throne of France. After -the peace of 1814 he was honoured with the dignity of knight grand -cross of the order of the bath. He was subsequently appointed to -the command of the expedition against _New Orleans_, where he -encountered the most extraordinary difficulties. At the storming of -the enemy's works, when he saw the prowess of his troops unable to -overcome the obstructions, he rode forward to encourage them by his -presence, and fell a victim to his bravery. He lived an ornament to -his profession, admired, beloved, and esteemed by all who knew him, -and died regretted in the thirty-sixth year of his age. - -[26] _From 1825 to 1832._ - - - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS - -OF - -THE SEVENTH REGIMENT; - -OR, - -THE ROYAL FUSILIERS. - - -GEORGE LORD DARTMOUTH, - -_Appointed 11th June, 1685._ - -LORD DARTMOUTH was the son of Colonel William Legge, a zealous -royalist, who was with King Charles I. at the battle of Newbury and -other engagements, was also in the design of the Earl of Holland to -restore His Majesty in 1648, and was wounded and taken prisoner. -The King was so sensible of Colonel Legge's services, and esteemed -him so highly for his fidelity, that a short period before his -execution, his Majesty requested the Duke of Richmond to inform -the Prince of Wales (afterwards Charles II.) "that whenever he was -restored to his rights, he should be sure to take care of _honest -Will Legge_, for he was the faithfullest servant that ever any -prince had." - -Colonel Legge also displayed great devotion to the cause of King -Charles II., and was one of the commissioners appointed by the -King, in 1659, to promise pardon to all who should endeavour to -effect His Majesty's restoration; excepting the individuals who sat -as judges on his royal father. After the restoration His Majesty -informed Colonel Legge of the message of King Charles I. by the -Duke of Richmond; but the colonel declined being advanced to the -peerage, at the same time expressing a hope that his sons might -deserve his Majesty's favour. - -GEORGE LEGGE (the eldest son of Colonel William Legge) went to -sea at the age of seventeen, under the care of Sir Edward Spragg, -a distinguished officer who commanded the rear squadron of the -combined English and French fleets against Holland in 1673, and -fought the Dutch Admiral Tromp, ship to ship, until both their -ships were so disabled that they quitted them, and, hoisting their -flags in other vessels, renewed the battle with incredible fury. -Sir Edward Spragg's ship being terribly torn, he designed to go on -board of a third vessel; but his boat was struck by a shot and he -was drowned. Under this gallant preceptor George Legge acquired -a knowledge of his profession; in 1667 he commanded the Pembroke -man-of-war; in 1671 the Fairfax; and in the following year the -Royal Catherine. In 1672 he was appointed lieutenant-governor of -Portsmouth; in 1673 he was appointed governor of that fortress; -also master of the horse and gentleman of the bedchamber to His -Royal Highness the Duke of York (afterwards King James II.). At -the augmentation of the army in 1678 he was appointed colonel of a -newly-raised regiment of foot, which was disbanded after the peace -of Nimeguen; he was also lieutenant-general of the ordnance, and -was sworn a member of the privy council in 1681; in 1682 he was -constituted master-general of the ordnance, and was commissioned to -inspect all the forts and garrisons in England. - -On the 2nd of December, 1682, he was advanced to the dignity of -BARON OF DARTMOUTH, with remainder, in default of issue, to his -brother William; which remainder the King particularly ordered -himself "in justice" (as he was pleased to say) "to the memory -of old Colonel Legge, whose modesty ought not to prejudice his -children." - -The preamble of the patent imports--"That His Majesty, remembering -the great merits of WILLIAM LEGGE, one of the grooms of the royal -bedchamber to his late father King Charles I., especially in that -unparalleled rebellion raised against him, in which, being a -person of singular skill and experience in military affairs, and -also a valiant and expert commander, he faithfully served His -Majesty in most of the battles and sieges of those unhappy times; -that he also performed several eminent services to King Charles -II. since his most happy restoration; and further, considering -that GEORGE LEGGE, eldest son of the said WILLIAM LEGGE, following -his father's example in divers military employments, especially -in sundry sharp and dangerous naval fights, wherein he did freely -hazard his life, for which respect, being made general of the -ordnance and artillery, and one of His Majesty's most honourable -privy council, His Majesty has thought fit to dignify him with some -further honour. &c." - -In 1683 LORD DARTMOUTH was sent with the fleet to Africa, to -destroy the works of Tangier and bring home the garrison and -English inhabitants; on his return he was rewarded by his Majesty -with a grant of ten thousand pounds. On the accession of King James -II. his lordship was continued as master-general of the ordnance, -and one of the privy council; he also held the appointment of -constable of the Tower of London; and on the augmentation of the -army in 1685, he was appointed Colonel of the ROYAL REGIMENT OF -FUSILIERS. In 1687, when King James II. was making a tour through -part of his dominions, the city of Coventry presented His Majesty -with a large gold cup and cover, which he immediately delivered -to LORD DARTMOUTH, telling him, "There was an acknowledgment from -the citizens of Coventry for his father's sufferings in their -town:"--Colonel Legge having endured a long imprisonment there, -after being wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester, -in 1651, and he escaped from thence by a stratagem on the part of -his wife, in woman's attire. - -When the Prince of Orange prepared an armament for a descent on -the English coast, LORD DARTMOUTH was appointed admiral of the -fleet of England sent out in the autumn of 1688 to intercept the -Dutch. He accepted this employment out of gratitude to the King, -"who," as Bishop Burnet observes, "loved him, and in whose service -he had long been." The bishop adds,--"He was, indeed, one of the -worthiest men of his court, and, although much against the conduct -of his affairs, he was resolved to stick to him at all hazards." -His conduct while in command of the fleet has been variously -represented; but it appears evident he was only prevented fighting -the Dutch fleet by unfavourable weather. - -On the accession of the Prince of Orange to sovereign power, -LORD DARTMOUTH was deprived of his appointments, and in 1691 he -was imprisoned in the Tower of London for corresponding with -King James. After three months' confinement, he died suddenly of -apoplexy, and King William commanded the same honours to be paid at -his lordship's funeral which would have been due to him if he had -died possessed of all his late employments. He was interred near -his father, in a vault in Trinity Chapel, in the Minories. - - -JOHN, EARL OF MARLBOROUGH, - -_Appointed 26th August, 1689._ - -This talented and brave nobleman attained the summit of military -fame, and was equally celebrated for sound judgment in the cabinet, -and for persuasive eloquence in conversation; while he swayed the -councils of foreign courts, and reconciled conflicting interests -among the states of Christendom, he led their armies to battle -and to victory, acquiring a renown which will live in the page of -history to the remotest ages, and the record of his achievements -serves as a monument to commemorate the national glory. He was -born on the 24th of June, 1650, and before he was sixteen years of -age he was page of honour to the Duke of York, who procured him -the commission of ensign in the first foot guards in 1666. Being -an enthusiast in his profession, he resigned the pleasures of the -court to engage in actual warfare on the shores of Africa, and -distinguished himself as a volunteer against the Moors under the -walls of Tangier. In 1672 he was appointed captain of a company -in the Duke of Monmouth's regiment of foot, and served with the -French army, commanded by Louis XIV. in person, against the Dutch, -where he signalized himself by a regular attention to duty, and -volunteered his services on every occasion of difficulty and -danger. He soon attracted the attention of the celebrated Marshal -Turenne; distinguished himself at the siege of Nimeguen in 1672; -and, in 1673, added to his rising honours by his gallantry at -the siege of Maestricht, where he was wounded. In the following -campaign he served with the French army on the Rhine, and was -rewarded on the 3rd of April, 1674, with the colonelcy of an -English regiment in the pay of Louis XIV., with which corps he -continued to serve in the German war. In 1678 his regiment was -recalled from France; and he proceeded to Flanders in command of -a brigade of infantry; but the peace of Nimeguen taking place, he -returned to England, and his regiment was disbanded. He continued -in the suite of the Duke of York, whose constant attendant he -became, and was employed in several delicate missions between -His Royal Highness and the King, in which he evinced signal -address. In 1633, he raised a troop of dragoons, and was appointed -colonel of the royal regiment of dragoons,--a corps formed of two -newly-raised troops of dragoons and four troops of Tangier horse. -He was also elevated to the peerage of Scotland by the title of -Baron Churchill of Aymouth; and soon after the accession of the -Duke of York to the throne, he was created an English peer by the -title of Baron Churchill of Sundridge, and promoted to the rank of -brigadier-general. On the breaking out of the rebellion of the Duke -of Monmouth, in June, 1685, Lord Churchill was detached with a body -of troops against the insurgents, and his excellent conduct at the -battle of Sedgemoor was rewarded with the colonelcy of the third -troop of Life Guards, which gave him the privilege of taking the -court duty of gold stick; but his devotion to the Protestant cause -having induced him to join the standard of the Prince of Orange at -the revolution in 1688, he was deprived of his appointment. - -On the accession of King William III. and Queen Mary, Lord -Churchill was restored to the command of the third troop of -Life Guards; advanced to the title of EARL OF MARLBOROUGH; -and subsequently appointed colonel of the ROYAL REGIMENT OF -FUSILIERS. He commanded the troops on the continent in 1689; gained -additional laurels at the battle of Walcourt; and was appointed -commander-in-chief in June, 1690. In the autumn of the same year -he reduced Cork and Kinsale in Ireland;--and served at the head of -the British infantry under King William III. in Flanders, in 1691; -but, in May, 1692, he was sent prisoner to the Tower on a charge -of high treason, which was not substantiated. In 1698 he was again -received into royal favour; and in 1701 King William III. appointed -him to the command of the British troops in the Netherlands, and -to negotiate the treaties to be formed with foreign powers on the -prospect of a war with France; he also appointed him, on the 12th -of February, 1702, colonel of the twenty-fourth regiment of foot. -On the accession of Queen Anne, he was appointed captain-general -of the forces, and to the chief command of the English, Dutch, -and auxiliary armies employed against the French; and all his -operations were crowned with success. He took Venloo, Ruremonde, -Stevenswaert, and Liege with surprising rapidity;--extended -and secured the Dutch frontiers, and forced the enemy to seek -shelter behind their lines. His great ability had become so -conspicuous that on his return to England he was raised to the -rank of DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH. In the spring of 1703 he once more -took the field;--forced Bonn, Huy, and Limburg; but was impeded -in his brilliant career by the jealousy or timidity of the Dutch -generals. In April, 1704, he was appointed colonel of the first -foot guards;--and in the succeeding campaign his grace led the army -from the Ocean to the Danube;--he attacked the enemy on the 2nd -of July, 1704, and forced the intrenchments at Schellenberg with -distinguished gallantry. The decisive battle of Blenheim was fought -on the 13th of August following, and the legions of France and -Bavaria were overthrown;--there, the heaps of slain gave dreadful -proofs of British valour; and whole legions of prisoners were -proofs of their mercy. This victory, which exalted the reputation -of the DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH, and displayed in its true light the -distinguished character of the British troops, produced the most -important results;--Bavaria was subdued:--Ratisbon, Augsburg, -Ulm, Meminghen,--all were recovered. From the Danube he marched -towards the Rhine and Moselle. Landau, Treves, and Traerback were -taken; and the British commander was created a PRINCE OF THE -EMPIRE. His abilities in the field were equalled by his judgment -in the cabinet; and his council guided the confederate princes -of Europe. In the spring of 1705 he once more took the field, -and menaced the French in Alsace. From the Moselle he proceeded -to the Maese. Liege was relieved, Huy retaken, and the boasted -impregnable French lines were forced at Helixem and Neer-Hespen; -but his career of victory was again impeded by the opposition he -met with from the Dutch generals. These difficulties were however -removed. In the spring of 1706 another campaign opened,--when the -discipline he had introduced, and the confidence he inspired, -again proved invincible. He met, attacked, and triumphed over -the French and Spaniards at Ramilies on the 23rd of May, 1706. -This decisive victory was followed by the surrender of Louvain, -Brussels, Malines, Liere, Ghent, Oudenarde, Antwerp, Damme, -Bruges, and Courtray: in the meantime Ostend, Menin, Dendermond, -and Aeth, were taken:--places which had resisted the greatest -generals for months--for years:--provinces disputed for ages -were the conquests of a summer. So great was the reputation of -the armies of the allies, and of their distinguished commander, -that throughout the campaign of 1707 the enemy avoided a general -engagement; but in the following summer a gallant French army, -led by the princes of the blood, was overcome at Oudenarde:--new -armies and new generals appeared; but the career of MARLBOROUGH -could not be stopped. The barriers of France on the side of the Low -Countries, the work of half a century, were attacked. A numerous -French army were spectators of the fall of Lisle,--the bulwark -of their barriers. Every campaign added new conquests. Tournay -was taken. The French army--posted near Malplaquet, in a position -covered by thick woods, defended by treble entrenchments--was -attacked. The battle was bloody--the event decisive. The woods were -pierced. The fortifications were trampled down. The enemy fled. -After this victory Mons was taken; and in the succeeding years, -Douay, Bethune, Aire, St. Venant, Bouchain,--all underwent the same -fate. Nothing availed against a general whose sagacity foresaw -everything, whose vigilance attended to everything, whose constancy -no labour could subdue, whose courage no danger could dismay, -and whose intuitive glance always caught the decisive moment -and insured victory; while the discipline he maintained and the -confidence he inspired were equivalent to an army. The ambitious -Louis XIV. saw his generals over-matched,--his armies beaten and -dispirited,--his possessions wrested from him,--the barriers of -his kingdom trampled down, and a powerful army ready to carry the -horrors of war into the heart of his kingdom. The disasters of -ten campaigns having proved that MARLBOROUGH was invincible, the -French monarch sued for peace. The din and calamities of war were -succeeded by the smile of plenty, tranquillity, and enjoyment: but, -for some political cause, the gallant MARLBOROUGH was divested -of all his offices dependent on the British crown. Continuing a -stedfast adherent to the Protestant succession, he retired to the -continent until the accession of George I., and was then replaced -in his former posts, in which he continued until his decease in -1722. His unremitting exertions to inculcate the principles of -order and discipline; his discernment in bringing merit into -notice; his impartiality; and a series of glorious victories by -which he upheld the national honour, and proved himself a valuable -servant of the crown and kingdom, occasioned his memory to be -deeply engraved on the hearts of the brave men who had fought under -his command. - - -LORD GEORGE HAMILTON, - -_Appointed 23rd January, 1692._ - -LORD GEORGE HAMILTON, fifth son of William Duke of Hamilton, was -an officer in the Royal Regiment in the reign of Charles II., -and also of James II., and, adhering to the Protestant interest -at the Revolution in 1688, he was advanced to the rank of -lieutenant-colonel, and on the 1st of March, 1690, to the brevet -rank of colonel. He served under King William III. in Ireland, -and distinguished himself at the battle of the Boyne; and in -1691 he was at the siege of Athlone, at the battle of Aghrim, -and the capture of Limerick. In January, 1692, he was appointed -colonel of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, at the head of which corps he -distinguished himself at the battle of Steenkirk, and his gallantry -was rewarded with the colonelcy of the Royal Regiment. Continuing -to serve under King William in the Netherlands, he distinguished -himself in 1693 at the unfortunate battle of Landen, and in -1695 at the siege of Namur, and while engaged in this service -he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general. On the 3rd of -January, 1696, he was advanced to the peerage by the titles of -Baron Dechmont, Viscount of Kirkwall, and EARL OF ORKNEY; and in -March, 1702, he was promoted to the rank of major-general. He -served the campaign of this year under the Earl of Marlborough, -and was engaged in the siege of Stevenswaert. He commanded a -brigade of infantry during the campaign of 1703, was advanced to -the rank of lieutenant-general, and invested with the order of -the Thistle in 1704; and, having proceeded with the army into the -heart of Germany, took part in gaining the glorious victories of -Schellenberg and Blenheim. In 1705 he distinguished himself at the -siege and capture of Huy; and in the following year at the battle -of Ramilies, and the siege of Menin. He also took a distinguished -part in the battle of Oudenarde in covering the siege of Lisle; -and in forcing the passage of the Scheldt in 1708. In 1709 he -distinguished himself in the movements which preceded and led to -the battle of Malplaquet, and during this hard-contested action he -signalized himself at the head of fifteen battalions of infantry. -He also signalized himself at the siege of Douay in 1710; and in -the beginning of the following year he was promoted to the rank -of general. He was also engaged in passing the French lines in -1711, and commanded twenty battalions of infantry at the siege of -Bouchain. - -On these occasions the EARL OF ORKNEY had evinced personal bravery -and military talents of a superior character. At the close of the -war he was a member of the privy council, and governor of Edinburgh -Castle. On the accession of George I. he was appointed one of the -lords of the bedchamber to his Majesty, and governor of Virginia; -and in January, 1736, he was promoted to the rank of field marshal. -He was many years one of the sixteen representatives of the -Scottish peerage; and died in January, 1737. - - -EDWARD FITZPATRICK, - -_Appointed 1st August, 1692._ - -EDWARD FITZPATRICK was many years an officer of the Holland -Regiment, now third foot or buffs, in which corps he rose to the -rank of captain, and was so distinguished for a regular attention -to duty, and for devotion to the Protestant interest, that at -the revolution in 1688 he was promoted to the colonelcy of a -regiment of foot (afterwards disbanded) with which he served in -King William's wars. He was at the battle of Walcourt in 1689; and -at the siege of Cork and Kinsale in 1690; and having signalized -himself at the battle of Steenkirk in 1692, he was rewarded with -the colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS. In 1693 he was wounded at -the battle of Landen; and in 1694 he was promoted to the rank of -brigadier general. In 1695 he commanded a brigade of infantry -at the siege of Namur, and he acquired the confidence of his -sovereign, and the esteem of his companions in arms. He was drowned -on the 10th November, 1696. - - -SIR CHARLES O'HARA, - -_Appointed 12th November, 1696._ - -CHARLES O'HARA was an officer of the English brigade in the Dutch -service in the time of King Charles II., and commanded a company in -the Earl of Ossory's regiment. He subsequently held a commission in -the first foot guards, was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of -the regiment, and was knighted by King William III. at Whitehall -in 1689. He subsequently served under His Majesty in Flanders; -was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general in 1695, and was -rewarded with the colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS in 1696. On the -breaking out of the war of the Spanish succession, he was advanced -to the rank of major-general, and he commanded a brigade under -the Duke of Ormond in the expedition against _Cadiz_ in 1702, on -which occasion he was charged with participating in the plunder of -Port St. Mary's, and brought to trial, but acquitted: in 1704 he -was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general. In 1706 Queen Anne -advanced him to the dignity of a peer of Ireland by the title of -BARON OF TYRAWLEY in the county of Mayo; and proceeding to Spain, -he commanded the left wing of the allied army at the battle of -Almanza, in 1707, where he was wounded. His Lordship was sworn a -member of the privy council of Queen Anne in 1710; and also of -King George I. in 1714; and in November, 1714, he was promoted to -the rank of general. He had previously resigned the colonelcy of -the ROYAL FUSILIERS in favour of his son; and on the breaking out -of the rebellion in 1715 he raised a regiment of foot in Ireland; -this corps was, however, disbanded in 1718. He held, for several -years, the appointment of commander-in-chief in Ireland; also the -government of Minorca, and of the Royal Hospital near Dublin. He -died on the 8th of June, 1724. - - -THE HONOURABLE JAMES O'HARA, - -_Appointed 29th January, 1713._ - -THE HON. JAMES O'HARA was appointed lieutenant in the ROYAL -FUSILIERS, commanded by his father, on the 15th of March, 1703, and -in 1706 he proceeded with his regiment to the relief of Barcelona. -In the following year he served on the staff of the army in Spain, -and was wounded at the battle of Almanza, where, it is said, he -was instrumental in saving the Earl of Galway's life. He served -several years at Minorca, and in 1713 he succeeded his father -in the colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS. In 1721 King George I. -advanced him to the dignity of BARON OF KILMAINE; and in 1724 he -succeeded his father in the title of BARON OF TYRAWLEY, and was -sworn a member of the privy council in the same year. The rank of -brigadier-general was conferred on his lordship on the 23rd of -November, 1735; that of major-general on the 2nd of July, 1739; -and in August of the latter year he was removed from the ROYAL -FUSILIERS to the fifth horse, now fourth dragoon guards. In March, -1743, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general, and in -the following month obtained the colonelcy of the second troop of -horse grenadier guards, from which he was removed, in 1745, to the -third troop of life guards, which gave him the privilege of taking -the court duty of Gold Stick. In 1746, when King George II. had -resolved to disband the third and fourth troops of life guards, his -lordship was removed to the tenth foot; he was again removed, in -1749, to the fourteenth dragoons; in 1752, to the third dragoons; -and, in 1755, to the second, or Coldstream regiment of foot guards. -He was appointed governor of Portsmouth on the 1st of May, 1759, -and was promoted to the rank of general on the 7th of March, 1761. -He held the appointment of governor of Minorca for several years; -and was employed as envoy and ambassador to the courts of Portugal -and Russia. He died at Twickenham on the 13th of July, 1773. - - -WILLIAM HARGRAVE, - -_Appointed 27th August, 1739._ - -This Officer entered the army in April, 1694, and served under King -William in Flanders. He also served with distinction in the wars -of Queen Anne; was major of the thirty-sixth regiment, with the -rank of colonel in the army, at the battle of Dumblain in 1715; -and in 1730 he was appointed to the colonelcy of the thirty-first -foot: from which he was removed to the ninth foot in 1737, and in -1739 King George II. gave him the colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, -which he retained until his decease in January, 1751. - - -JOHN MOSTYN, - -_Appointed 26th January, 1751._ - -JOHN MOSTYN obtained a commission in the army in February, 1732; -he rose to the rank of captain in the thirty-first foot, and was -appointed captain-lieutenant in the second foot guards in 1742. -He served with his regiment on the continent; was wounded at -the battle of Fontenoy, and in December, 1747, he was appointed -aide-de-camp to the King, who gave him the colonelcy of the ROYAL -FUSILIERS in 1751. In 1754 he was removed to the thirteenth -dragoons; in 1757 he was promoted to the rank of Major-General; -in 1758 he obtained the colonelcy of the fifth dragoons, and -was removed to the seventh dragoons in 1760. He had previously -been promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general, and he highly -distinguished himself at the head of the British cavalry in -Germany in numerous actions and skirmishes in 1759, and the three -succeeding years. In 1763 he obtained the colonelcy of the first -dragoon guards, and he was promoted to the rank of general in 1772. -He died in 1779. - - -LORD ROBERT BERTIE, - -_Appointed 20th August, 1754._ - -LORD ROBERT BERTIE, son of the Duke of Ancaster, entered the army -in July, 1737, as ensign in the second foot guards, and in 1744 -he was promoted to the rank of captain and lieutenant-colonel. -He was wounded at the battle of Fontenoy in 1745, and appointed -aide-de-camp to the King in 1752: in 1754 he obtained the colonelcy -of the ROYAL FUSILIERS. He accompanied his regiment on board the -fleet in 1756, and was in the engagement off the island of Minorca. -In 1758 he was promoted to the rank of major-general; in 1760 to -that of lieutenant-general; in 1776 he obtained the colonelcy of -the second troop (now second regiment) of life guards; and was -promoted to the rank of general in 1777. He died in 1782. - - -RICHARD PRESCOTT, - -_Appointed 12th November, 1776._ - -This Officer entered the army in the reign of George II. He saw -much service; and on the augmentation, in 1755, he was appointed -major of the fiftieth foot. In 1761 he was promoted to the -lieutenant-colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, and the zeal and -attention with which he performed the duties of commanding officer -during the succeeding fifteen years was rewarded with the colonelcy -of the regiment in 1776. In 1777 he was promoted to the rank of -major-general, and in 1782 to that of lieutenant-general. He died -in 1788. - - -THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM GORDON, - -_Appointed 20th October, 1788._ - -This Officer was appointed captain in the sixteenth light dragoons -in 1759; he subsequently held the commission of major in the -eighty-fourth, and lieutenant-colonel in the one hundred and fifth -regiment, which was disbanded at the peace in 1763. In 1777 he was -appointed colonel of the eighty-first regiment, and was promoted -to the rank of major-general in 1781: in 1783 his regiment was -disbanded; in 1787 he was appointed colonel commandant in the -sixtieth, and in 1788 he obtained the colonelcy of the ROYAL -FUSILIERS, from which he was removed in the following year to the -seventy-first regiment. In 1793 he was promoted to the rank of -lieutenant-general. He obtained the colonelcy of the twenty-first -regiment in 1803, which he retained until his decease in 1816. - - -HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE EDWARD, - -_Afterwards_ DUKE OF KENT, - -_Appointed 9th April, 1789._ - -During the early part of this century the ROYAL FUSILIERS had -the honour of being commanded by a Prince who was distinguished -alike for his social and military virtues:--namely, PRINCE EDWARD, -afterwards FIELD MARSHAL HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF KENT AND -STRATHEARN, the father of HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN -VICTORIA. - -Prince Edward, fourth son of His Majesty King George III., was born -on the 2nd of November, 1767. Being destined for the profession of -arms, in the eighteenth year of his age he proceeded to Germany -for the completion of his studies, and resided successively at -Lunenberg and Hanover, and was appointed, on the 30th of May, -1786, colonel of the Hanoverian Guards. During the succeeding -year he removed to Geneva, and while pursuing his studies at this -place, His Majesty conferred upon him the Colonelcy of the 7th -ROYAL FUSILIERS. Early in 1790 he returned to England; and after -passing a few days with his family he embarked, in obedience to the -King's commands, for Gibraltar, in order to acquire a knowledge of -garrison duty under Major-General O'Hara. While at Gibraltar he -commanded for several months the 2nd, or Queen's Regiment, until -the arrival of the 7th ROYAL FUSILIERS, as a reinforcement to the -garrison, in August, 1790. In 1791 he sailed with his regiment from -Gibraltar for Quebec; and while serving in Canada he was promoted -to the rank of major-general. From North America he proceeded, -during the winter of 1793-4, through the United States to Boston, -where he embarked for the West Indies, and joined the army under -General Sir Charles Grey, at the commencement of the siege of Fort -Bourbon, in the island of Martinique, and commanded the detached -camp at La Coste, above Point Petre. During the several attacks His -Royal Highness's conduct excited the admiration of the army; his -life was frequently exposed to the most imminent peril; and his -aides-de-camp, Captain, the late General Sir Frederick Wetherall, -and Lieutenant Vesey, were wounded near his Royal Highness's -person.[27] In compliment to the gallantry evinced by His Royal -Highness on this occasion, the lower fort, called Fort Royal, was -subsequently named FORT EDWARD. - -After the capture of Martinique the array proceeded to St. -Lucie; and His Royal Highness commanded the grenadier brigade, -which, in conjunction with the light infantry brigade, under -Major-General Thomas Dundas, formed the storming-party which -carried Morné Fortuné. From St. Lucie the army proceeded to the -island of Guadaloupe; and the flank companies were detached under -Prince Edward and Major-General Dundas, who succeeded in gaining -possession of Morné Marscot, and Fleur D'Epée, commanding Point -à Petre. His conduct during this course of active and perilous -service again excited admiration, and His Royal Highness received -the thanks of Parliament. After the capture of the French West -India Islands[28] His Royal Highness returned to North America, and -was shortly afterwards appointed Commander of the Forces in Nova -Scotia and its dependencies. On the 12th of January, 1796, he was -promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General; and, having returned -to England on account of ill health, he was created, on the 23rd -of April, 1799, _Earl of Dublin_, in Ireland, and DUKE OF KENT -AND STRATHEARN, in Great Britain; in the following month he was -promoted to the rank of General, and appointed Commander-in-Chief -of all the forces in British North America. On his return to -North America his arrival was greeted by all ranks; and during -his stay in that country he introduced numerous improvements in -the system of conducting public business. In August, 1800, His -Royal Highness returned to England; and in the following year he -was appointed to the Colonelcy of the Royal Regiment of Foot. -In 1802 he was appointed Governor of the important fortress of -Gibraltar, whither he immediately proceeded. His habits were -abstemious and regular; and he was himself a model of that strict -attention to duty and discipline which he required from others; but -while attempting to effect the removal of several long existing -abuses and irregularities, His Royal Highness experienced that -opposition which has attended every attempt to remedy evils, when -the private interests and privileges of individuals are concerned. -The Duke of Kent returned in 1803 to England, where he continued -to reside upwards of fifteen years. He was promoted to the rank of -Field-Marshal on the 5th of September, 1805; he was also elected a -Knight of the Garter, constituted a Knight Grand Cross of the Most -Honourable Military Order of the Bath, and appointed Keeper and -Ranger of Hampton Court Park. - -During the period His Royal Highness resided in England, the -Royal Regiment of Foot experienced the advantage of his constant -care and anxiety for its interests, and of his influence in the -kingdom; and the service was benefited by the care he bestowed -in the introduction of regimental schools. His concern, however, -embraced the welfare of all His Majesty's subjects, and there was -scarcely a public charity in the metropolis which did not derive -benefit from his patronage, personal eloquence, and contributions, -and over many he presided. His private acts of benevolence in the -cases of widows and orphans who were known to His Royal Highness as -deserving objects of relief were very numerous, and the instances -of his charity and philanthropy were attested by the grateful -acknowledgments of those who had no claim on His Royal Highness's -bounty beyond the circumstance of a husband, father, or other -relative having performed faithful service under his command. The -provision made by His Majesty's Government for His Royal Highness -had not been equal to his necessary expenditure to support the -dignity of a Prince of the royal blood; particularly for the -periods he was on foreign service; and in 1816 economical views -induced him to proceed to the Continent. In May, 1818, he was -married at Coburg, according to the Lutheran rites, to Her Serene -Highness Victoria Maria Louisa, youngest daughter of the late -reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg. Shortly after the solemnities the -royal pair proceeded to England, and were remarried at Kew Palace -on the 11th of July, 1818, according to the rites of the Church of -England. In a few weeks after this ceremony the Duke returned with -his bride to the Continent; in the succeeding year they revisited -England; and on the 24th of May, 1819, the Duchess gave birth, at -Kensington Palace, to a daughter, named Alexandrina Victoria, Her -present Majesty. - -In a few months after this happy event this amiable Prince, whose -social, private, and public virtues endeared him to his family -and friends, and procured him a place in the affections of the -British people, was attacked by pulmonary inflammation, produced by -accidental cold, and he died at his temporary residence at Sidmouth -on the 23rd of January, 1820. The remains of His Royal Highness -were removed from Sidmouth and deposited in the royal vault at St. -George's Chapel, in Windsor Castle, on the 12th of February, 1820, -with the usual honours and solemnity observed at the funerals of -the members of the Royal family. - - -SIR ALURED CLARKE, G.C.B., - -_Appointed 21st August, 1801._ - -Alured Clarke was appointed ensign of the fiftieth foot in 1755, -and lieutenant of the same corps in 1760. He served under Prince -Ferdinand of Brunswick in Germany, in the Seven Years' War; and -was appointed to the command of a company in the fifth foot in -1767; in 1771 he was promoted to the majority of the fifty-fourth -regiment, and in 1777 to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the ROYAL -FUSILIERS, with which corps he served in America, and obtained the -rank of colonel in 1781. In 1790 he was promoted to the rank of -major-general, and in 1794 he was rewarded with the colonelcy of -the fifth foot. In 1795 he commanded the land force at the capture -of the Cape of Good Hope; his services were afterwards transferred -to the East Indies, in which country he obtained the local rank of -lieutenant-general in 1796, and he was promoted to the rank of -lieutenant-general in the army in 1797. In 1801 he was removed to -the ROYAL FUSILIERS, and in 1802 he was promoted to the rank of -general: he was advanced to the rank of field-marshal on the 22nd -July, 1830. He died in 1832. - - -SIR EDWARD BLAKENEY, G.C.B. - -_Appointed 20th September, 1832._ - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[27] When Prince Edward was ordered to storm Morné, Tartisson, -and Fort Royal on the 17th March, 1794, he placed himself at -the head of his brigade of grenadiers, and addressed them as -follows:--"_Grenadiers! This is St. Patrick's day; the English -will do their duty in compliment to the Irish, and the Irish in -compliment to the Saint!_--FORWARD GRENADIERS!" - -[28] In commemoration of the important captures in the West Indies, -at the period above stated, an anniversary dinner takes place at -the United Service Club on the 17th of March (St. Patrick's day), -as it was on that Saint's day his late Royal Highness the Duke of -Kent, at the head of his grenadier brigade, carried Fort Royal -by escalade, when both his aides-de-camp, General Sir Frederick -Wetherall, and the late Major-General Vesey, were severely wounded -close to his Royal Highness. The following officers attended on -the 17th March, 1838:--The Marquis of Thomond, General Viscount -Lorton, Admiral Lord Colville, General Sir Lowry Cole, G.C.B., -General Lord Howden, G.C.B., General Sir Fitzroy Maclean, Bart., -Lieutenant-General Sir H. S. Keating, K.C.B., Sir William Pym, -K.C.H., and Major-General Reeves, C.B. All these officers, with the -exception of the Admiral, served in the Grenadier brigade under the -orders of their illustrious commander, His Royal Highness the Duke -of Kent. - - - - -LONDON: Printed by W. CLOWES and SONS, Stamford Street, For Her -Majesty's Stationery Office. - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE - - Footnote [19] is referenced from inside Footnote [18]. - - Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been - corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within - the text and consultation of external sources. - - Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, - and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. For example, - daylight, day-light; muskets, musquets; fusil; piquets; intrusted. - - Pg 25, 'posts of Ticonderago' replaced by 'posts of Ticonderoga'. - Pg 33, 'unexpected even' replaced by 'unexpected event'. - Pg 78, the number '166' was missing and has been added into the table. - Pg 107, 'April, 1774' replaced by 'April, 1694'. - Pg 113, 'in the the Seven' replaced by 'in the Seven'. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Historical record of the Seventh -Regiment, or The Royal Fusiliers, by Richard Cannon - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD--7TH REGIMENT *** - -***** This file should be named 56220-0.txt or 56220-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/6/2/2/56220/ - -Produced by Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -book was produced from images made available by the -HathiTrust Digital Library.) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Historical record of the Seventh Regiment, or The Royal Fusiliers - Containing an Account of the Formation of the Regiment in - 1685, and of its subsequent services to 1846. - -Author: Richard Cannon - -Release Date: December 21, 2017 [EBook #56220] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD--7TH REGIMENT *** - - - - -Produced by Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -book was produced from images made available by the -HathiTrust Digital Library.) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class="transnote"> -<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE</strong></p> - -<p>Some minor changes are noted at the <a href="#TN">end of the book.</a></p> -</div> - - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="600" alt="original cover" /> -</div> - - -<div class="figcenter pg-brk"> -<img src="images/i_frontispiece.jpg" width="450" alt="" /> -<div class="caption pg-brk"> - -<span class="fs90">BY COMMAND OF</span> His late Majesty <span class="fs90">WILLIAM THE IV<sup><span class="xs">TH</span></sup>.</span><br /> -<span class="small"><em>and under the Patronage of</em></span><br /> -Her Majesty the Queen.<br /><br /> - -HISTORICAL RECORDS,<br /> -<span class="small"><em>OF THE</em></span><br /> -<span class="xl">British Army</span><br /> - -<em>Comprising the</em><br /> -<em><span class="xl">History of every Regiment</span></em><br /> -<em>IN HER MAJESTY'S SERVICE</em>.<br /> - -<em>By Richard Cannon Esq<sup>re</sup>.</em><br /> - -<em>Adjutant General's Office, Horse Guards.</em><br /> - -London.<br /> - -<em>Printed by Authority</em>:<br /> -</div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[Pg i]</a></span></p> - -<h2 class="lsp">GENERAL ORDERS.</h2> - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p class="right small"><em>HORSE-GUARDS</em>,<br /> -<span class="padr1"><em>1st January, 1836</em>.</span></p> - -<p class="noindent">His Majesty has been pleased to command that, -with a view of doing the fullest justice to Regiments, -as well as to Individuals who have distinguished -themselves by their Bravery in Action -with the Enemy, an Account of the Services of -every Regiment in the British Army shall be published -under the superintendence and direction of -the Adjutant-General; and that this Account shall -contain the following particulars, viz.:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>—— The Period and Circumstances of the -Original Formation of the Regiment; The Stations -at which it has been from time to time employed; -The Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations -in which it has been engaged, particularly specifying -any Achievement it may have performed, and the -Colours, Trophies, &c., it may have captured from -the Enemy.</p> - -<p>—— The Names of the Officers and the number -of Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates Killed -or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying the Place -and Date of the Action.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[ii]</a></span></p> - -<p>—— The Names of those Officers who, in consideration -of their Gallant Services and Meritorious -Conduct in Engagements with the Enemy, have -been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other -Marks of His Majesty's gracious favour.</p> - -<p>—— The Names of all such Officers, Non-Commissioned -Officers, and Privates, as may have -specially signalized themselves in Action.</p></div> - -<p>And,</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>—— The Badges and Devices which the Regiment -may have been permitted to bear, and the -Causes on account of which such Badges or Devices, -or any other Marks of Distinction, have been -granted.</p></div> - -<p class="right padr4">By Command of the Right Honourable</p> -<p class="right padr6">GENERAL LORD HILL,</p> -<p class="right"><em>Commanding-in-Chief</em>.</p> - -<p class="p1 right"><span class="smcap">John Macdonald</span>,</p> -<p class="right padr1"><em>Adjutant-General</em>.</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[iii]</a></span></p> - -<h2 class="lsp">PREFACE.</h2> - -<hr class="r15" /> - -<p class="noindent">The character and credit of the British Army must -chiefly depend upon the zeal and ardour by which -all who enter into its service are animated, and -consequently it is of the highest importance that any -measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, -by which alone great and gallant actions are achieved, -should be adopted.</p> - -<p>Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment -of this desirable object than a full display of the -noble deeds with which the Military History of our -country abounds. To hold forth these bright -examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, -and thus to incite him to emulate the meritorious -conduct of those who have preceded him in their -honourable career, are among the motives that have -given rise to the present publication.</p> - -<p>The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, -announced in the "London Gazette," from whence -they are transferred into the public prints: the -achievements of our armies are thus made known at -the time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute -of praise and admiration to which they are entitled. -On extraordinary occasions, the Houses of Parliament -have been in the habit of conferring on the Commanders,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[iv]</a></span> -and the Officers and Troops acting under -their orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks -for their skill and bravery; and these testimonials, -confirmed by the high honour of their Sovereign's -approbation, constitute the reward which the -soldier most highly prizes.</p> - -<p>It has not, however, until late years, been the practice -(which appears to have long prevailed in some of -the Continental armies) for British Regiments to keep -regular records of their services and achievements. -Hence some difficulty has been experienced in obtaining, -particularly from the old Regiments, an authentic -account of their origin and subsequent services.</p> - -<p>This defect will now be remedied, in consequence -of His Majesty having been pleased to command -that every Regiment shall in future keep a full and -ample record of its services at home and abroad.</p> - -<p>From the materials thus collected, the country -will henceforth derive information as to the difficulties -and privations which chequer the career of those who -embrace the military profession. In Great Britain, -where so large a number of persons are devoted to -the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, -and commerce, and where these pursuits have, for so -long a period, been undisturbed by the <em>presence of -war</em>, which few other countries have escaped, comparatively -little is known of the vicissitudes of active -service, and of the casualties of climate, to which, -even during peace, the British Troops are exposed in -every part of the globe, with little or no interval of -repose.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span></p> - -<p>In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which -the country derives from the industry and the enterprise -of the agriculturist and the trader, its happy -inhabitants may be supposed not often to reflect on -the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor,—on -their sufferings,—and on the sacrifice of valuable -life, by which so many national benefits are obtained -and preserved.</p> - -<p>The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, -and endurance, have shone conspicuously under great -and trying difficulties; and their character has been -established in Continental warfare by the irresistible -spirit with which they have effected debarkations in -spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the -gallantry and steadiness with which they have maintained -their advantages against superior numbers.</p> - -<p>In the official Reports made by the respective Commanders, -ample justice has generally been done to -the gallant exertions of the Corps employed; but -the details of their services, and of acts of individual -bravery, can only be fully given in the Annals of the -various Regiments.</p> - -<p>These Records are now preparing for publication, -under His Majesty's special authority, by Mr. -<span class="smcap">Richard Cannon</span>, Principal Clerk of the Adjutant-General's -Office; and while the perusal of them cannot -fail to be useful and interesting to military men -of every rank, it is considered that they will also -afford entertainment and information to the general -reader, particularly to those who may have served in -the Army, or who have relatives in the Service.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span></p> - -<p>There exists in the breasts of most of those who -have served, or are serving, in the Army, an <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Esprit -de Corps</i>—an attachment to everything belonging -to their Regiment; to such persons a narrative of -the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove -interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of -the great, the valiant, the loyal, have always been -of paramount interest with a brave and civilized -people. Great Britain has produced a race of heroes -who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood -"firm as the rocks of their native shore;" and when -half the World has been arrayed against them, they -have fought the battles of their Country with unshaken -fortitude. It is presumed that a record of -achievements in war,—victories so complete and surprising, -gained by our countrymen, our brothers, -our fellow-citizens in arms,—a record which revives -the memory of the brave, and brings their gallant deeds -before us, will certainly prove acceptable to the public.</p> - -<p>Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other -distinguished Officers will be introduced in the -Records of their respective Regiments, and the -Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to -time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testifying -the value and importance of its services, will be -faithfully set forth.</p> - -<p>As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record -of each Regiment will be printed in a distinct number, -so that when the whole shall be completed, the -Parts may be bound up in numerical succession.</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span></p> - -<h2 class="lht">INTRODUCTION<br /> - -<span class="fs60">TO</span><br /> - -<span class="fs120 lsp2">THE INFANTRY.</span></h2> - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p class="noindent">The natives of Britain have, at all periods, been -celebrated for innate courage and unshaken firmness, -and the national superiority of the British troops -over those of other countries has been evinced in -the midst of the most imminent perils. History contains -so many proofs of extraordinary acts of bravery, -that no doubts can be raised upon the facts which -are recorded. It must therefore be admitted, that -the distinguishing feature of the British soldier is -<span class="smcap">Intrepidity</span>. This quality was evinced by the -inhabitants of England when their country was -invaded by Julius Cæsar with a Roman army, on -which occasion the undaunted Britons rushed into -the sea to attack the Roman soldiers as they descended -from their ships; and, although their discipline -and arms were inferior to those of their -adversaries, yet their fierce and dauntless bearing -intimidated the flower of the Roman troops, including -Cæsar's favourite tenth legion. Their arms -consisted of spears, short swords, and other weapons -of rude construction. They had chariots, to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span> -axles of which were fastened sharp pieces of iron -resembling scythe-blades, and infantry in long -chariots resembling waggons, who alighted and -fought on foot, and for change of ground, pursuit, -or retreat, sprang into the chariot and drove off -with the speed of cavalry. These inventions were, -however, unavailing against Cæsar's legions: in -the course of time a military system, with discipline -and subordination, was introduced, and -British courage, being thus regulated, was exerted -to the greatest advantage; a full development of -the national character followed, and it shone forth -in all its native brilliancy.</p> - -<p>The military force of the Anglo-Saxons consisted -principally of infantry: Thanes, and other men of -property, however, fought on horseback. The -infantry were of two classes, heavy and light. -The former carried large shields armed with spikes, -long broad swords and spears; and the latter -were armed with swords or spears only. They had -also men armed with clubs, others with battle-axes -and javelins.</p> - -<p>The feudal troops established by William the -Conqueror consisted (as already stated in the Introduction -to the Cavalry) almost entirely of horse; -but when the warlike barons and knights, with their -trains of tenants and vassals, took the field, a proportion -of men appeared on foot, and, although -these were of inferior degree, they proved stout-hearted -Britons of stanch fidelity. When stipendiary -troops were employed, infantry always constituted -a considerable portion of the military force;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ix]</a></span> -and this <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">arme</i> has since acquired, in every quarter -of the globe, a celebrity never exceeded by the -armies of any nation at any period.</p> - -<p>The weapons carried by the infantry, during the -several reigns succeeding the Conquest, were bows -and arrows, half-pikes, lances, halberds, various -kinds of battle-axes, swords, and daggers. Armour -was worn on the head and body, and in course of -time the practice became general for military men -to be so completely cased in steel, that it was -almost impossible to slay them.</p> - -<p>The introduction of the use of gunpowder in the -destructive purposes of war, in the early part of the -fourteenth century, produced a change in the arms -and equipment of the infantry-soldier. Bows and -arrows gave place to various kinds of fire-arms, but -British archers continued formidable adversaries; -and owing to the inconvenient construction and -imperfect bore of the fire-arms when first introduced, -a body of men, well trained in the use of the bow -from their youth, was considered a valuable acquisition -to every army, even as late as the sixteenth -century.</p> - -<p>During a great part of the reign of Queen Elizabeth -each company of infantry usually consisted of -men armed five different ways; in every hundred -men forty were "<em>men-at-arms</em>," and sixty "<em>shot</em>;" -the "men-at-arms" were ten halberdiers, or battle-axe -men, and thirty pikemen; and the "shot" were -twenty archers, twenty musketeers, and twenty -harquebusiers, and each man carried, besides his -principal weapon, a sword and dagger.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[x]</a></span></p> - -<p>Companies of infantry varied at this period in -numbers from 150 to 300 men; each company had -a colour or ensign, and the mode of formation recommended -by an English military writer (Sir John -Smithe) in 1590 was:—the colour in the centre of -the company guarded by the halberdiers; the pikemen -in equal proportions, on each flank of the -halberdiers; half the musketeers on each flank of -the pikes; half the archers on each flank of the musketeers; -and the harquebusiers (whose arms were -much lighter than the muskets then in use) in equal -proportions on each flank of the company for skirmishing.<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> -It was customary to unite a number of companies -into one body, called a <span class="smcap">Regiment</span>, which -frequently amounted to three thousand men; but -each company continued to carry a colour. Numerous -improvements were eventually introduced in the -construction of fire-arms, and, it having been found -impossible to make armour proof against the muskets -then in use (which carried a very heavy ball) without -its being too weighty for the soldier, armour was -gradually laid aside by the infantry in the seventeenth -century: bows and arrows also fell into disuse, -and the infantry were reduced to two classes, -viz.: <em>musketeers</em>, armed with matchlock muskets,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[xi]</a></span> -swords, and daggers; and <em>pikemen</em>, armed with pikes -from fourteen to eighteen feet long, and swords.</p> - -<p>In the early part of the seventeenth century -Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, reduced the -strength of regiments to 1000 men; he caused the -gunpowder, which had heretofore been carried in -flasks, or in small wooden bandoliers, each containing -a charge, to be made up into cartridges, and -carried in pouches; and he formed each regiment -into two wings of musketeers, and a centre division -of pikemen. He also adopted the practice of forming -four regiments into a brigade; and the number -of colours was afterwards reduced to three in each -regiment. He formed his columns so compactly that -his infantry could resist the charge of the celebrated -Polish horsemen and Austrian cuirassiers; and his -armies became the admiration of other nations. His -mode of formation was copied by the English, -French, and other European states; but so great -was the prejudice in favour of ancient customs, that -all his improvements were not adopted until near a -century afterwards.</p> - -<p>In 1664 King Charles II. raised a corps for sea-service, -styled the Admiral's regiment. In 1678 -each company of 100 men usually consisted of 30 -pikemen, 60 musketeers, and 10 men armed with -light firelocks. In this year the king added a company -of men armed with hand-grenades to each of -the old British regiments, which was designated the -"grenadier company." Daggers were so contrived -as to fit in the muzzles of the muskets, and bayonets<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[xii]</a></span> -similar to those at present in use were adopted about -twenty years afterwards.</p> - -<p>An Ordnance regiment was raised in 1685, by -order of King James II., to guard the artillery, and -was designated the Royal Fusiliers (now 7th Foot). -This corps, and the companies of grenadiers, did -not carry pikes.</p> - -<p>King William III. incorporated the Admiral's -regiment in the Second Foot Guards, and raised -two Marine regiments for sea-service. During the -war in this reign, each company of infantry (excepting -the fusiliers and grenadiers) consisted of 14 -pikemen and 46 musketeers; the captains carried -pikes; lieutenants, partisans; ensigns, half-pikes; -and serjeants, halberds. After the peace in 1697 the -Marine regiments were disbanded, but were again -formed on the breaking out of the war in 1702.<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>During the reign of Queen Anne the pikes were -laid aside, and every infantry soldier was armed -with a musket, bayonet, and sword; the grenadiers -ceased, about the same period, to carry hand-grenades; -and the regiments were directed to lay aside -their third colour: the corps of Royal Artillery was -first added to the army in this reign.</p> - -<p>About the year 1745, the men of the battalion -companies of infantry ceased to carry swords;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">[xiii]</a></span> -during the reign of George II. light companies were -added to infantry regiments; and in 1764 a Board -of General Officers recommended that the grenadiers -should lay aside their swords, as that weapon had -never been used during the seven years' war. Since -that period the arms of the infantry soldier have been -limited to the musket and bayonet.</p> - -<p>The arms and equipment of the British troops have -seldom differed materially, since the Conquest, from -those of other European states; and in some respects -the arming has, at certain periods, been allowed to -be inferior to that of the nations with whom they -have had to contend; yet, under this disadvantage, -the bravery and superiority of the British infantry -have been evinced on very many and most trying -occasions, and splendid victories have been gained -over very superior numbers.</p> - -<p>Great Britain has produced a race of lion-like -champions who have dared to confront a host of -foes, and have proved themselves valiant with any -arms. At <em>Crecy</em>, King Edward III., at the head of -about 30,000 men, defeated, on the 26th of August, -1346, Philip King of France, whose army is said to -have amounted to 100,000 men; here British valour -encountered veterans of renown:—the King of Bohemia, -the King of Majorca, and many princes and -nobles were slain, and the French army was routed -and cut to pieces. Ten years afterwards, Edward -Prince of Wales, who was designated the Black -Prince, defeated, at <em>Poictiers</em>, with 14,000 men, -a French army of 60,000 horse, besides infantry, -and took John I., King of France, and his son<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">[xiv]</a></span> -Philip, prisoners. On the 25th of October, 1415, -King Henry V., with an army of about 13,000 -men, although greatly exhausted by marches, privations, -and sickness, defeated, at <em>Agincourt</em>, the -Constable of France, at the head of the flower of -the French nobility and an army said to amount to -60,000 men, and gained a complete victory.</p> - -<p>During the seventy years' war between the United -Provinces of the Netherlands and the Spanish monarch, -which commenced in 1578 and terminated -in 1648, the British infantry in the service of the -States-General were celebrated for their unconquerable -spirit and firmness;<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> and in the thirty -years' war between the Protestant Princes and the -Emperor of Germany, the British troops in the service -of Sweden and other states were celebrated for -deeds of heroism.<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> In the wars of Queen Anne, -the fame of the British army under the great -<span class="smcap">Marlborough</span> was spread throughout the world; -and if we glance at the achievements performed -within the memory of persons now living, there is -abundant proof that the Britons of the present age -are not inferior to their ancestors in the qualities -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xv" id="Page_xv">[xv]</a></span>which constitute good soldiers. Witness the deeds -of the brave men, of whom there are many now -surviving, who fought in Egypt in 1801, under the -brave Abercromby, and compelled the French army, -which had been vainly styled <em>Invincible</em>, to evacuate -that country; also the services of the gallant -Troops during the arduous campaigns in the Peninsula, -under the immortal <span class="smcap">Wellington</span>; and the -determined stand made by the British Army at -Waterloo, where Napoleon Bonaparte, who had -long been the inveterate enemy of Great Britain, -and had sought and planned her destruction by -every means he could devise, was compelled to -leave his vanquished legions to their fate, and to -place himself at the disposal of the British Government. -These achievements, with others of recent -dates in the distant climes of India, prove that the -same valour and constancy which glowed in the -breasts of the heroes of Crecy, Poictiers, Agincourt, -Blenheim, and Ramilies, continue to animate -the Britons of the nineteenth century.</p> - -<p>The British Soldier is distinguished for a robust -and muscular frame,—intrepidity which no danger -can appal,—unconquerable spirit and resolution,—patience -in fatigue and privation, and cheerful obedience -to his superiors. These qualities, united with -an excellent system of order and discipline to regulate -and give a skilful direction to the energies and -adventurous spirit of the hero, and a wise selection -of officers of superior talent to command, whose -presence inspires confidence,—have been the leading -causes of the splendid victories gained by the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xvi" id="Page_xvi">[xvi]</a></span> -British arms.<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> The fame of the deeds of the past -and present generations in the various battle-fields -where the robust sons of Albion have fought and -conquered, surrounds the British arms with an halo -of glory; these achievements will live in the page -of history to the end of time.</p> - -<p>The records of the several regiments will be found -to contain a detail of facts of an interesting character, -connected with the hardships, sufferings, -and gallant exploits of British soldiers in the various -parts of the world where the calls of their Country -and the commands of their Sovereign have -required them to proceed in the execution of their<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xvii" id="Page_xvii">[xvii]</a></span> -duty, whether in active continental operations, or -in maintaining colonial territories in distant and -unfavourable climes.</p> - -<p>The superiority of the British infantry has been -pre-eminently set forth in the wars of six centuries, -and admitted by the greatest commanders which -Europe has produced. The formations and movements -of this <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">arme</i>, as at present practised, while -they are adapted to every species of warfare, and -to all probable situations and circumstances of service, -are calculated to show forth the brilliancy of -military tactics calculated upon mathematical and -scientific principles. Although the movements and -evolutions have been copied from the continental -armies, yet various improvements have from time -to time been introduced, to ensure that simplicity -and celerity by which the superiority of the national -military character is maintained. The rank and influence -which Great Britain has attained among -the nations of the world have in a great measure -been purchased by the valour of the Army, and to -persons who have the welfare of their country at -heart, the records of the several regiments cannot -fail to prove interesting.</p> - - -<div class="footnotes pg-brk"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> A company of 200 men would appear thus:—</p> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="95%" summary="structure of a company"> -<tr><td colspan="4"></td><td> <img src="images/flag.jpg" width="20" alt="flag" /></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc">20</td><td class="tdc">20</td><td class="tdc">20</td><td class="tdc">30</td><td class="tdc">20</td> - <td class="tdc">30</td><td class="tdc">20</td><td class="tdc wd10">20</td><td class="tdc wd10">20</td><td class="tdc"></td></tr> -<tr class="fs80"><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Harquebuses.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Muskets.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Halberds.</td> - <td class="tdl" colspan="2">Muskets.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Harquebuses.</td></tr> -<tr class="fs80"><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Archers.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Pikes.</td> - <td class="tdl" colspan="2">Pikes.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Archers.</td></tr> -</table> - -<p> -The musket carried a ball which weighed <sup>1</sup>/<sub>10</sub> of a pound; and the -harquebus a ball which weighed <sup>1</sup>/<sub>25</sub> of a pound.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> The 30th, 31st, and 32nd Regiments were formed as Marine -corps in 1702, and were employed as such during the wars in the -reign of Queen Anne. The Marine corps were embarked in the -Fleet under Admiral Sir George Rooke, and were at the taking of -Gibraltar, and in its subsequent defence in 1704; they were afterwards -employed at the siege of Barcelona in 1705.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> The brave Sir Roger Williams, in his Discourse on War, printed -in 1590, observes:—"I persuade myself ten thousand of our nation -would beat thirty thousand of theirs (the Spaniards) out of the field, -let them be chosen where they list." Yet at this time the Spanish -infantry was allowed to be the best disciplined in Europe. For -instances of valour displayed by the British Infantry during the -Seventy Years' War, see the Historical Record of the Third Foot or -Buffs.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> Vide the Historical Record of the First, or Royal Regiment of -Foot.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> "Under the blessing of Divine Providence, His Majesty ascribes -the successes which have attended the exertions of his troops in -Egypt to that determined bravery which is inherent in Britons; but -His Majesty desires it may be most solemnly and forcibly impressed -on the consideration of every part of the army, that it has been a -strict observance of order, discipline, and military system, which -has given the full energy to the native valour of the troops, and has -enabled them proudly to assert the superiority of the national military -character, in situations uncommonly arduous, and under circumstances -of peculiar difficulty."—<em>General Orders in 1801.</em> -</p> -<p> -In the General Orders issued by Lieut.-General Sir John Hope -(afterwards Lord Hopetoun), congratulating the army upon the -successful result of the Battle of Corunna, on the 16th of January, -1809, it is stated:—"On no occasion has the undaunted valour of -British troops ever been more manifest. At the termination of a -severe and harassing march, rendered necessary by the superiority -which the enemy had acquired, and which had materially impaired -the efficiency of the troops, many disadvantages were to be encountered. -These have all been surmounted by the conduct of the troops -themselves; and the enemy has been taught, that whatever advantages -of position or of numbers he may possess, there is inherent -in the British officers and soldiers a bravery that knows not how to -yield,—that no circumstances can appal,—and that will ensure victory -when it is to be obtained by the exertion of any human means."</p></div></div> - - -<p class="p2 pg-brk" /> -<p class="p4" /> - -<h1>HISTORICAL RECORD<br /> - -<span class="xxs">OF</span><br /> - -<span class="xl lsp">THE SEVENTH REGIMENT,</span><br /> - -<span class="xxs">OR</span><br /> - -<span class="xl">THE ROYAL FUSILIERS:</span> -</h1> - -<p class="pfs60">CONTAINING</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs100">AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT<br /> -<span class="fs70">IN</span> 1685,</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs100">AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES<br /> -<span class="fs70">TO</span> 1846.</p> - -<p class="p2" /> -<hr class="r30a" /> - -<p class="p1 pfs60">COMPILED BY</p> - -<p class="pfs100 lsp2 smcap">RICHARD CANNON, Esq.,</p> -<p class="p1 pfs60">ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, HORSE-GUARDS.</p> - -<p class="p1" /> -<hr class="r30a" /> - -<p class="p4 pfs60 lsp2 bold">ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES.</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs90 lsp2">LONDON:</p> -<p class="pfs100 lsp">PARKER, FURNIVALL, & PARKER,</p> -<p class="pfs80">30 CHARING CROSS.</p> - -<hr class="r5a" /> -<p class="pfs60">MDCCCXLVII.</p> - - -<hr class="chap pg-brk" /> -<p class="p10" /> -<hr class="r30a" /> - -<p class="pfs60"> -<span class="smcap">London</span>: Printed by <span class="smcap">W. Clowes</span> and <span class="smcap">Sons</span>, Duke Street, Stamford Street,<br /> -For Her Majesty's Stationery Office.</p> - - -<hr class="chap pg-brk" /> - -<p class="p4 pfs135 lsp">THE SEVENTH REGIMENT,</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs60">OR</p> - -<p class="pfs150">THE ROYAL FUSILIERS,</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs70 lht">BEARS IN THE CENTRE OF ITS REGIMENTAL COLOUR,<br /> -THE <em>ROSE</em> WITHIN THE <em>GARTER</em> AND THE <em>CROWN</em> OVER IT;<br /> -AND IN THE CORNER <em>THE WHITE HORSE</em>;</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs60">ALSO THE WORD</p> - -<p class="pfs100 lsp2">"MARTINIQUE,"</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs60">FOR ITS GALLANT CONDUCT AT THE CAPTURE OF THAT ISLAND IN 1809;</p> - -<p class="p4 pfs60">AND THE WORDS</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs90 lht">"TALAVERA," "ALBUHERA," "BADAJOZ,"<br /> -"SALAMANCA," "VITTORIA," "PYRENEES," "ORTHES,"<br /> -"TOULOUSE," "PENINSULA,"</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs60 lht">TO COMMEMORATE ITS DISTINGUISHED SERVICES IN THE<br /> -PENINSULA AND SOUTH OF FRANCE<br /> -FROM 1809 TO 1814.</p> -<p class="p4" /> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxiii" id="Page_xxiii">[xxiii]</a></span></p> - -<h2 class="lsp">CONTENTS.</h2> -<hr class="r15" /> - -<div class="center fs90"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl fs90 smcap pad2">Year</td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdr fs90 smcap">Page</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1685</td><td class="tdl">Formation of the Regiment</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Names of Officers</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_3">3</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Uniform of the Regiment</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_4">4</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1688</td><td class="tdl">Augmentation of the Establishment</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_6">6</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1689</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Holland</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_8">8</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Walcourt</td><td class="tdr">–</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1690</td><td class="tdl">Returns to England</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Ireland, and is engaged in the Sieges of Cork and Kinsale</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1691</td><td class="tdl">Embarks for Flanders</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Serves the Campaign under King William III.</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1692</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Steenkirk</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1693</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Landen</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1694</td><td class="tdl">Reviewed by King William III.</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1695</td><td class="tdl">Siege of Namur</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1696</td><td class="tdl">Arrives at Gravesend, but returns to Flanders without landing in England</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_18">18</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Joins the Army of Flanders under the Prince of Vaudemont</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1697</td><td class="tdl">Returns to England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Placed on a Peace Establishment</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1698</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Jersey and Guernsey</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1702</td><td class="tdl">Forms part of the force employed in the Expedition under the Duke of Ormond against Cadiz</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_19">19</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1702</td><td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxiv" id="Page_xxiv">[xxiv]</a></span> - Capture of the Towns of Rota, Port St. Mary's, and Fort St. Catherine</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_19">19</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Sails for England, after having destroyed the Enemy's Shipping at Vigo</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1703</td><td class="tdl">Employed as Marines on board the Fleet</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1705</td><td class="tdl">Stationed at Plymouth</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1706</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Barcelona</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1707</td><td class="tdl">Stationed in Spain</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Capture of Lerida</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1708</td><td class="tdl">Returns to England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1709</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Spain</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1710}</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr"><span class="fs70">TO</span> }</td><td class="tdl">Stationed at Minorca</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1719}</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Returns to England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1719}</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdr"><span class="fs70">TO</span> }</td><td class="tdl">Stationed in Ireland</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1727}</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1734</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Gibraltar</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1749</td><td class="tdl">Returns to Ireland</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1751</td><td class="tdl">Authorized by Royal Warrant to continue to bear certain Distinctions</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_24">24</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1755</td><td class="tdl">Arrives in England from Ireland</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1756</td><td class="tdl">Serves as Marines on board the Fleet under Admiral Byng</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Engaged with the French Fleet off Minorca</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Forms part of the Garrison of Gibraltar</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1763</td><td class="tdl">Embarks for England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1765</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Scotland</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1770</td><td class="tdl">Returns to England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1773</td><td class="tdl">Embarks for Canada</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1775</td><td class="tdl">Forms part of the Garrison of St. John's and Fort Chambly</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_25">25</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Siege of Quebec</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1776</td><td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxv" id="Page_xxv">[xxv]</a></span> - Operations in Canada</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to New York</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1777</td><td class="tdl">Action at Staten Island</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Capture of Forts Montgomery, Clinton, and Constitution</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Engaged with the Americans at Philadelphia</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_30">30</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1779</td><td class="tdl">Capture of Newhaven</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Expedition against Fairfield and Norwalk</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1780</td><td class="tdl">Capture of Charleston</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1781</td><td class="tdl">Engagement at Cow-Pens</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1782</td><td class="tdl">Stationed in South Carolina and New York</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1783</td><td class="tdl">Returns to England</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Reduction of Establishment</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1786</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Scotland</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1790</td><td class="tdl">Embarks for Gibraltar</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1791</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Canada</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1794</td><td class="tdl">Stationed in Nova Scotia</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1795</td><td class="tdl">Formed into two Battalions</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1796</td><td class="tdl">Incorporated into one Battalion</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1802</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Bermuda and the Bahamas</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_36">36</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1804</td><td class="tdl">A second Battalion added</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1806</td><td class="tdl">Returns to England</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_37">37</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1807</td><td class="tdl">The First Battalion proceeds to Ireland</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">———————– embarks for Denmark</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Siege of Copenhagen</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">The First Battalion returns to England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1808</td><td class="tdl">———————– embarks for Nova Scotia</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">The Second Battalion proceeds to Ireland</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1809</td><td class="tdl">Capture of Martinique</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Authorized to bear the word "<span class="smcap">Martinique</span>" on its Colours</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_41">41</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Returns to Nova Scotia</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">The Second Battalion proceeds to Portugal</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Expulsion of the French from Oporto</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1809</td><td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxvi" id="Page_xxvi">[xxvi]</a></span> - Battle of Talavera</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Authorized to bear the word "<span class="smcap">Talavera</span>" on its Colours</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1810</td><td class="tdl">Removal of the First Battalion from North America to the Peninsula</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Busaco</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1811</td><td class="tdl">Siege of Olivenza</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Blockade of Badajoz</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Albuhera</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_54">54</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Authorized to bear the word "<span class="smcap">Albuhera</span>" on its Colours</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_62">62</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Blockade of Ciudad Rodrigo</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Action at Aldea de Pont</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1812</td><td class="tdl">Capture of Ciudad Rodrigo</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_66">66</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Siege of Badajoz</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Authorized to bear the word "<span class="smcap">Badajoz</span>" on its Colours</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Salamanca</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Authorized to bear the word "<span class="smcap">Salamanca</span>" on its Colours</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_72">72</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1813</td><td class="tdl">Attack on the village of Montevite</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_74">74</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Vittoria</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Authorized to bear the word "<span class="smcap">Vittoria</span>" on its Colours</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Blockade of Pampeluna</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_76">76</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Battle of the Pyrenees</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Authorized to bear the word "<span class="smcap">Pyrenees</span>" on its Colours</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_79">79</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Passage of the Bidassoa</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1814</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Orthes</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_80">80</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Authorized to bear the word "<span class="smcap">Orthes</span>" on its Colours</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Toulouse</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_81">81</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Returns to England</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1814</td><td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxvii" id="Page_xxvii">[xxvii]</a></span> - First Battalion proceeds to North America</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_83">83</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1815</td><td class="tdl">Operations against New Orleans</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_84">84</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Attack on Mobile and Capture of Fort Bowyer</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_87">87</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Embarks for England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Flanders</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Advances to Paris</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Second Battalion disbanded</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_88">88</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">A Recruiting Company added to the First Battalion</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1816</td><td class="tdl">Forms part of the Army of Occupation in France</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1817}</td><td class="tdlx" rowspan="2">Reduction of Establishment</td><td class="tdrx" rowspan="2"><a href="#Page_89">89</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1818}</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1818</td><td class="tdl">Returns to England</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_90">90</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Ireland</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1820</td><td class="tdl">Embarks for Scotland</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1821</td><td class="tdl">Marches to England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1825</td><td class="tdl">Divided into Service and Depôt Companies</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_91">91</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Service Companies embark for the Ionian Islands</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1828</td><td class="tdl">Stationed at Malta</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1833</td><td class="tdl">Depôt Companies proceed to Ireland</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1836</td><td class="tdl">Service Companies return to England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Presentation of a piece of plate by command of His Majesty King William IV.</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1837</td><td class="tdl">Service Companies proceed to Ireland</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_92">92</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1839</td><td class="tdl">Service Companies embark for Gibraltar</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1841</td><td class="tdl">Depôt Companies proceed to England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1844</td><td class="tdl">Service Companies embark for the West Indies</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1845</td><td class="tdl">Depôt Companies return to Ireland</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1846</td><td class="tdl">The Conclusion</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_93">93</a></td></tr> -</table></div> - - -<hr class="r30" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxviii" id="Page_xxviii">[xxviii]</a></span></p> - -<h2 class="fs120">SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.</h2> - -<div class="center fs90"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl fs90 smcap pad2">Year</td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdr fs90 smcap">Page</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1685</td><td class="tdl">George Lord Dartmouth</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_95">95</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1689</td><td class="tdl">John Earl of Marlborough</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_98">98</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1692</td><td class="tdl">Lord George Hamilton</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_103">103</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1692</td><td class="tdl">Edward Fitzpatrick</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_104">104</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Sir Charles O'Hara</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_105">105</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1713</td><td class="tdl">The Honourable James O'Hara</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_106">106</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1739</td><td class="tdl">William Hargrave</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_107">107</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1751</td><td class="tdl">John Mostyn</td><td class="tdr">—–</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1754</td><td class="tdl">Lord Robert Bertie</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_108">108</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1776</td><td class="tdl">Richard Prescott</td><td class="tdr">—–</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1788</td><td class="tdl">The Honourable William Gordon</td><td class="tdr">—–</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1789</td><td class="tdl">His Royal Highness The Duke of Kent</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_109">109</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1801</td><td class="tdl">Sir Alured Clarke</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_113">113</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1832</td><td class="tdl">Sir Edward Blakeney</td><td class="tdr">—–</td></tr> -</table></div> - - -<hr class="r30" /> -<h2 class="no-brk fs120">PLATES.</h2> - -<div class="center fs90"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl">Colours of the Regiment</td><td class="tdr fs80 padr1">To face page</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#PLATE_1">1</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Costume of the Regiment in 1742</td><td class="tdr"></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#PLATE_2">24</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">—————————— in 1846</td><td class="tdr"></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#PLATE_3">92</a></td></tr> -</table></div> - - -<p class="p4" /> -<div><a name="PLATE_1" id="PLATE_1"></a></div> -<div class="figcenter bbox"> -<img src="images/i_b_001fp.jpg" width="650" alt="" /></div> -<div class="p1 caption center"> -Colours of the Seventh Royal Fusiliers.</div> -<p class="p4" /> - - -<hr class="chap pg-brk" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> - -<h2>HISTORICAL RECORD</h2> - -<p class="p2 pfs60">OF</p> - -<p class="pfs150 lsp">THE SEVENTH REGIMENT,</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs60">OR</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs135 lsp">THE ROYAL FUSILIERS.</p> - -<p class="p2" /> -<hr class="r30a" /> -<hr class="r30a" /> -<p class="p2" /> - -<div class="sidenote">1685</div> - -<p class="noindent">The invention of gunpowder was speedily followed by -the introduction of cannon; but many years elapsed before -a corps of artillery was added to the army. The -guns were fired by men hired for the purpose, under -the direction of a master-gunner, and an officer styled -the Master of the Ordnance, and the whole were under -the orders of the Master-general of the Ordnance. Non-commissioned -officers and private soldiers of infantry regiments -were frequently employed as gunners; and the -care and protection of the guns were confided to particular -corps. On the augmentation of the army during -the rebellion of <span class="smcap">James Duke of Monmouth</span>, in the -summer of 1685, King James II. resolved, that the -first infantry corps raised on that occasion should be an -<span class="smcap">Ordnance Regiment</span>, for the care and protection of -the cannon; of which corps His Majesty appointed -<span class="smcap">George Lord Dartmouth</span>, then Master-general of the -Ordnance, colonel, by commission dated the 11th of June, -1685.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span></p> - -<p>The regular regiments of foot were composed, at this -period, of <span class="smcap">Musketeers</span>,—men armed with muskets -and swords; <span class="smcap">Pikemen</span>,—armed with long pikes and -swords; and <span class="smcap">Grenadiers</span>,—armed with hand-grenades, -muskets, bayonets, swords, and small hatchets; but in -the <span class="smcap">Ordnance Regiment</span> every man carried a long -musket called a <em>fusil</em>, with a sword and bayonet, from -which peculiarity in the arming, the regiment obtained -the designation of "<span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span>;" and the King being desirous -of appearing publicly to patronize this new corps, -conferred upon it the title of "<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>."<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a></p> - -<p>Regiments of infantry had, originally, a colour to -each <em>company</em>, which was called an <em>ensign</em>, and was -carried by the junior subaltern officer of each company, -who was styled "ancient," and afterwards "ensign," -which term signified "colour-bearer." The regiments -of fusiliers did not have colours or ensigns to each company, -consequently the title of ensign or colour-bearer -was not given to the junior subaltern officer of each company; -but having, in consequence of the peculiar services -they were called upon to perform, a care and responsibility -equal to that of a lieutenant, both the subaltern -officers of each company were styled lieutenants. -They were both placed on the same rate of pay; but -the terms <em>first lieutenant</em> and <em>second lieutenant</em> were used -in their commissions for several years, and afterwards -discontinued.</p> - -<p>The regiment consisted of thirteen companies,—twelve<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> -of fusiliers and one of miners; each company consisting -of three officers, three serjeants, three corporals, two -drummers, and one hundred private men. The two -first companies were of very old date; having been independent -companies in the Tower of London many years; -the other ten companies were raised in London and its -vicinity by <span class="smcap">George Lord Dartmouth</span>,<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> Lieutenant-Colonel -<span class="smcap">Thomas Talmash</span> or Tollemache, afterwards -colonel of the fifth foot and second foot guards; Richard -Fowler, Major Beckman, Henry Cornwall, Sir John -Morgan, John Boyce, Thomas Whalley, Charles Fitzwilliams, -and Henry Vaughan; and the company of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span> -miners by Captain James Adams. <span class="smcap">Thomas Talmash</span> -was appointed to the lieutenant-colonelcy; and Robert -St. Clair, who commanded one of the old independent -companies, obtained the commission of major. The -uniform was scarlet coats, lined with yellow; grey -breeches and grey stockings; and the men wore yellow -cloth caps, ornamented with military devices similar to -those afterwards adopted for grenadiers; the other regiments -of foot wore round hats with broad brims turned -up on one side.</p> - -<p>The regiment was speedily raised, and on the 4th of -July the several companies were directed to proceed to -the Tower of London, and perform the duties of that fortress. -The rebellion being soon afterwards suppressed, -and the Duke of Monmouth beheaded, the regiment was -reduced to eleven companies of fusiliers, of three officers, -three serjeants, three corporals, two drummers, and fifty -private soldiers each; and one company of miners, of two -officers, one serjeant, two corporals, one drummer, and -forty miners.</p> - -<p>After the suppression of the rebellion, King James -formed a camp on Hounslow-heath; where the Scots -brigade in the service of Holland, and a numerous body -of English cavalry and infantry, were assembled, and the -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> proceeded to the camp in charge of -the train of artillery. When the camp was broken up, -the regiment returned with the guns to the Tower of -London, from whence three companies were detached to -Sheerness, where they were directed to remain in garrison.<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a></p> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span></p> -<div class="sidenote">1686</div> - -<p>During the summer of 1686 the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -were again encamped in charge of the train of artillery -on Hounslow-heath. The corps assembled on the heath -consisted of three troops of life guards, nine regiments -of cuirassiers, three of dragoons, and thirteen battalions -of foot. In a description of the camp, written at the -time, and published in the Antiquarian Repertory, it -is stated:—"The horse, foot, and dragoons are encamped -in a straight line; the intervals between the -foot is seventy paces, the intervals between each regiment -of horse about fifty paces, and the interval between -the horse on the left and the dragoons (because -of the ground) is near half mile. The lieutenants' and -ensigns' tents are in the rear of the respective companies -in a direct line, seventeen paces from the -soldiers' huts or tents; the captains' tents twelve -paces behind the lieutenants'; the colonels' tents behind -the captains', ten paces; the lieutenant-colonel on -the right of the colonel, and the major on the left in a -direct line. The brigadier-generals have their tents -twenty paces behind the colonels'. The King's tent -and chappel is in the rear of the left of the horse on -the left, and the general officers' tents behind the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span> -King's. The <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> are encamped in the rear -of the line, a good distance behind the interval between -the Earl of Craven's regiment and the Scots guards; -and in several parties about the horse carriages. The -guns are planted about a hundred paces before the line, -before the interval between the Scots guards and Prince -George's regiment, guarded by a party of <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span>; -each gun having two gunners and a matrosse to attend -it. The suttling booths are about two hundred paces -in the rear of the line."</p> - -<p>In August the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> struck their tents, -and, returning to the Tower with the guns, were stationed -at that fortress during the remainder of the year.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1687</div> - -<p>The establishment was again augmented to thirteen -companies in the spring of 1687, as appears by the following -warrant:—</p> - -<p>"JAMES R.</p> - -<p class="noindent">"Whereas we have thought fit to add one company -more to Our <span class="smcap">Royal Regiment of Fusiliers</span>, and to -apply the pay of one of the non-regimented companies -mentioned in Our establishment to the entertainment -of the said company of Fusiliers, with the addition of -one shilling per diem to the youngest lieutenant, and -one shilling and sixpence for the pay of one serjeant, -and one shilling for one drummer more, Our will and -pleasure is, that you include the pay of the said company, -and additional allowances, within the certificates -or debentures you shall from time to time make out -for the pay of Our said <span class="smcap">Royal Regiment of Fusiliers</span>, -to commence from the 1st of January last; and -for so doing this shall be your sufficient warrant.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span></p> - -<p>"Given at Our Court at Whitehall this 12th day of -March, 1686-7, in the third year of Our reign.</p> - -<p>"By His Majesty's Command.</p> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="80%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl">(Signed)</td><td class="tdl smcap">"Sunderland P.</td><td class="tdl smcap">Shep. Fox.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl smcap">"Bellasis.</td><td class="tdl smcap">J. Ernle.</td></tr> -</table> - -<p class="negin1">"<em>To the Paymaster-General</em>,<br /> -<em>&c. &c. &c.</em>"</p> - -<p class="p1" /> -<div class="sidenote">1688</div> - -<p>In the summer of 1687 and 1688, the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -were again encamped on Hounslow-heath. On -the 1st of September, 1688, an augmentation of ten men -per company was made to the establishment, which consisted, -at this period, of eleven companies of fusiliers, -one of grenadiers, and one of miners.</p> - -<p>The King having manifested a determination to establish -papacy and arbitrary government, many noblemen -and gentlemen solicited the aid of William Henry Prince -of Orange to enable them to oppose the proceedings of -the court. On the receipt of information of warlike preparations -in Holland, a strong detachment of the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span> embarked on board of men-of-war, to serve -as marines, and sailed to the Nore. The fleet was commanded -by their colonel, Admiral Lord Dartmouth, -whose loyalty to King James II. was not doubted; but -the rear-admiral, Sir John Barry, and many of the -captains, inferior officers, and seamen, entertained sentiments -favourable to the Prince of Orange; no collision, -however, took place. While the English fleet was wind-bound -at the mouth of the Thames, the Dutch armament -passed along the British Channel with little molestation; -the wind becoming more favourable, the English navy -put to sea; but the Prince of Orange was so far in advance, -that he landed on the Devonshire coast, on the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> -5th of November, without interruption; and the wind -changed immediately afterwards, and blew with such -violence, that the English fleet was driven into Portsmouth -harbour in a damaged condition. The sentiments -entertained in the navy were also prevalent in the army; -the troops refused to fight in the cause of Papacy and -arbitrary government, and King James fled to France. -The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> landed and were ordered by the -Prince of Orange to occupy quarters at Barnet.</p> - -<p>From this period the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> ceased to be -considered exclusively as an <span class="smcap">Ordnance Regiment</span>, and -took their turn of duty with the regular regiments of -the line: the regiment was not, however, furnished with -a division of pikemen; but every man continued to be -armed with a fusil.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1689</div> - -<p>Six companies were removed from Barnet to Yarmouth, -where they took part, in February, 1689, in the proclamation -of the accession of King William III. and Queen -Mary to the throne. Shortly afterwards the regiment -embarked for Holland, forming part of the force under -Lieutenant-General the Earl of Marlborough, sent to -assist the Dutch in their war with France in the place -of the troops which the Prince of Orange had brought -with him to England.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> joined the Dutch army at -Tongres, and served the campaign of this year under -Prince Waldeck. On the 25th of August a piquet under -Colonel Hodges was attacked by the French forces under -Marshal de Humières near <em>Walcourt</em>, and a sharp -action ensued, in which the English infantry evinced -firmness and intrepidity. The French were defeated -with the loss of two thousand men killed and wounded; -and King William, writing to the Earl of Marlborough<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> -on this subject, observed,—"I am very happy that my -troops behaved so well at Walcourt. It is to you that -this advantage is principally owing."<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> In a few days -after this event King William conferred the colonelcy -of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, which had been vacant some -time, in consequence of the removal of Lord Dartmouth -for adhering to the interests of King James, on the -<span class="smcap">Earl of Marlborough</span>, who held also the colonelcy of -the third troop of life guards.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1690</div> - -<p>Before the following campaign the regiment returned -to England, where it was stationed while King William -was in Ireland, endeavouring to rescue that country from -the power of King James, who had proceeded thither -with a body of troops from France.</p> - -<p>King William having defeated the Irish forces and -their French allies at the Boyne, besieged Limerick. -"During the time His Majesty was before the town, it -was proposed by the Earl of Nottingham to My Lord -Marlborough, and afterwards approved of in council, -as very advantageous to their Majesties' affairs, to send -a party from England, who, joining with a detachment -from the King's army, might reduce the two important -garrisons of <em>Cork</em> and <em>Kinsale</em>, and arrangements were -made accordingly; but not being ready so soon as was -designed, His Majesty, upon his return to England, -sent the <span class="smcap">Earl of Marlborough</span>, with his own regiment -of <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span>, Brigadier Trelawny's (now fourth), -Princess Anne's (eight), Colonel Hastings' (thirteenth), -Colonel Hales', Sir David Collier's, Colonel Fitzpatrick's, -one hundred of the Duke of Bolton's, two hundred of -Monmouth's under Major Johnston, with Lord Torrington's<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> -and Lord Pembroke's marine regiments, to -undertake this service."<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> Arriving at <em>Cork</em> roads on -the 21st of September, the fleet entered the harbour on -the following day, and the co-operation of part of the -army on shore having been secured, the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -and other corps landed and commenced the siege. -A breach having been made, the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> and -three other English regiments, commanded by Brigadier-General -Churchill, and a body of Danes, passed -the river wading up to the arm-pits to the east marsh, -in order to storm the wall on that side. The grenadiers -led the attack; but before they gained the breach, the -Irish hung out a white flag, and agreed to surrender; -the garrison, consisting of six regiments, became prisoners -of war.</p> - -<p>From Cork the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> advanced towards -<em>Kinsale</em>; the garrison vacated the town and retired to -two strong forts. One of these forts was speedily reduced; -the other held out until the middle of October, -when the garrison surrendered on the condition of being -permitted to proceed to Limerick.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were afterwards placed in -garrison at Kinsale, where they remained three months.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1691</div> - -<p>The loss of the battle of Fleurus on the 21st of June, -1690, by the Dutch troops under Prince Waldeck, gave -the French the ascendancy over the confederates in -Flanders; and the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were selected to -augment the forces in that country, where His Majesty -resolved to command in person. The regiment embarked -from Cork in January 1691, and sailing for -Flanders experienced very severe weather at sea, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> -two vessels, having on board part of the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span>, -were wrecked on the English coast, and many men perished. -The remainder of the regiment landed at Ostend -and went into quarters in West Flanders, where it was -joined by a fine body of recruits and by a number of -men who had been left sick at Kinsale.</p> - -<p>When the army took the field, the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -were formed in brigade with the regiments of Bath -(tenth), Hodges (sixteenth), and Fitzpatrick (afterwards -disbanded), commanded by Brigadier-General Churchill, -and served the campaign of this year with the main army -commanded by King William; but no general engagement -occurred. The regiment passed the winter in cantonments -among the Belgic peasantry.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1692</div> - -<p>The Earl of Marlborough, having fallen under the -displeasure of King William, was removed from his commands, -and was succeeded in the colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span> by Lord <span class="smcap">George Hamilton</span> by commission -dated the 23rd of January, 1692.</p> - -<p>On the army taking the field, the regiment was again -placed in the brigade commanded by Brigadier-General -Churchill, and it served at the battle of <em>Steenkirk</em> on the -24th of July, 1692. On this occasion the leading column -attacked the French forces commanded by Marshal Luxemburg -with signal gallantry and success; but owing -to the thick woods, with narrow and difficult defiles, which -the army had to pass, together with the tardiness of -Count Solms in obeying His Majesty's commands, some -delay occurred. The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> and a few other -corps hastened through the defiles, and formed line at -the skirts of the wood, where they were exposed to a -heavy cannonade, and lost several men. In consequence -of the delay which had occurred, the King ordered a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> -retreat, and the French did not venture to attack the -army in its retrograde movement.</p> - -<p>Sir Robert Douglas having been killed in the act of -rescuing the colours of the first battalion of the Royals -from the enemy, was succeeded in the colonelcy of that -regiment by Lord George Hamilton; and the command -of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> was conferred on Colonel -<span class="smcap">Edward Fitzpatrick</span>, from a newly-raised regiment, -which had been disbanded.</p> - -<p>On the 22nd of August the regiment was detached -from the main army, with several other corps, under -Lieutenant-General Talmash, to Furnes, where the troops -encamped until the fortifications were put in a state of -defence; the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> afterwards proceeded to -Dixmude, and were employed in repairing the works;<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> -and after the completion of this service, they marched -into quarters at Ghent, where they passed the winter.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span></p> - -<div class="sidenote">1693</div> - -<p>Leaving Ghent in May, 1693, the regiment was in -line at the celebrated position of Parck camp, where it -was formed in brigade with the Royals (first), Queen -Dowager's (second), Prince George of Denmark's (third), -and the Queen's (fourth) regiments under Brigadier-General -Churchill. After several movements the army -was posted near the village of <em>Landen</em>, where it was -attacked on the 19th of July by a French army of very -superior numbers under Marshal Luxemburg.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were posted near the right of -the confederate army, where a slight entrenchment had -been made during the preceding night. As the first -rays of morning light appeared in the horizon, waving -masses of glittering arms, traversing the undulating -grounds in front, gave indication of an approaching -enemy, when the artillery opened a heavy fire, and the -battle began. For some time the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> were spectators -of the action, while much fighting took place at -the villages of Laér, Neer-Winden, Neer-Landen, and -the fortune of the day was everywhere in favour of the -confederates; but eventually the position was forced at -the village of Neer-Winden, and the Hanoverian Cavalry -were broken. Heavy columns of pikemen and musketeers, -consisting of the French brigades of Vermandois, -Nice, Roussillon, and Sare, flanked by dragoons, and -preceded by a cloud of grenadiers, approached the ground -where the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were posted. Colonel -Fitzpatrick was at the head of the regiment, and directed -the men to reserve their fire until the near approach of -their opponents. As the French soldiers sprang forward -with their characteristic energy, and threw a shower of -hand-grenades over the breast-work, a well-directed -volley from the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> rent chasms in the French<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span> -ranks; but the survivors, being supported by an immense -superiority of numbers, and urged forward by Marshal -Villeroy, renewed the attack; while the marshal led -a chosen body of men to the charge, and forced the -right of the entrenchment. The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, and -other corps at this part of the field, were attacked in front -and flank, and a sanguinary conflict ensued. Colonel -Fitzpatrick was carried from the field wounded, yet the -<span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> stood their ground; ranks of opponents ascended -the breast-work, and were speedily cut down or -forced back. At length the British battalions were overpowered -and driven from their ground. Stung with -resentment at this disaster, they speedily rallied, and, -rushing sword in hand upon their opponents, they once -more regained the lost ground. A momentary pause -ensued; but soon a fresh body of opponents renewed -the fight, and the British regiments were again overpowered -by superior numbers. The <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> evinced -the stern valour of British soldiers; their commanding -officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Whalley, fell mortally wounded; -Major Wilson was removed bleeding to the rear; -yet they disputed the ground with sanguinary tenacity -until all chance of ultimate success had passed away, -when they withdrew from the field, and joining a large -body of infantry under Lieutenant-General Talmash, retired -by the brook Beck upon Dormal, and thence to -Lewe. The enemy attempted to interrupt the retreat; -but the British battalions facing about to confront their -pursuers, the French halted, and the retrograde movement -of this body of men was performed with trifling -loss; the remainder of the army had, however, to pass -the river Gheet by a narrow bridge, and the defiles becoming -choked with gun-carriages, the rear was severely<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> -handled by the French, and the King narrowly -escaped being taken prisoner.</p> - -<p>The loss of the regiment on this occasion was very -severe: among the killed were Lieutenant-Colonel -Thomas Whalley, an officer of distinguished merit, who -raised one of the companies of the regiment at its formation -in 1685, and Lieutenants Fairbrother, Cooper, and -Blackmore; Captain Ruthwin died of his wounds: -among the wounded were Colonel Edward Fitzpatrick, -Major Wilson, Captains Harte, Betsworth, and Withers, -and Lieutenant Fletcher; the loss in non-commissioned -officers and private soldiers was very great; but the exact -number has not been ascertained.</p> - -<p>The regiment was employed in the movements of the -main army until the end of the campaign, when it returned -to Ghent, where it was stationed during the winter, -together with three battalions of foot-guards, and -the Queen Dowager's regiment of foot.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1694</div> - -<p>In the spring of 1694 a numerous body of recruits -from England replaced the losses of the preceding -campaign, and when the regiment took the field, it was -reviewed by King William, and complimented on its -martial appearance, and the steadiness with which it -performed the simple manœuvres practised at that period. -It served in the brigade under the orders of Brigadier-General -Erle, and performed many long and toilsome -marches in Flanders and Brabant; but no general engagement -occurred, and it passed another winter in barracks -at Ghent.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1695</div> - -<p>When the season for taking the field, in the spring of -1695, arrived, the British monarch appeared at the head -of a splendid army of British, Spaniards, Dutch, and -Germans; in the preceding years His Majesty had been<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> -satisfied with arresting the progress of the French arms; -but in 1695 he resolved to wrest the strong and important -fortress of <em>Namur</em> from the power of Louis -XIV. Colonel Fitzpatrick, having been eighteen months -in England to recover of his wounds, rejoined the -army on the 19th of June, and was placed at the head of -a brigade, of which his own regiment of <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> -formed part. King William attacked Fort Kenoyne, -and having drawn the French forces to the Flanders side -of their line of entrenchments, he invested <em>Namur</em>. -The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were detached from the army at -Wonterghem to take part in the siege, and pitched their -tents at Templeaux, a post about five miles from the -town. On the 6th of July they were on duty in the -trenches; on the 8th they marched into the lines of circumvallation, -and in the evening of the same day a detachment -was engaged in a successful attack on the covered -way upon the hill of Bouge. The attack was made -about seven in the evening; and such were the spirit and -energy with which the British soldiers rushed upon their -opponents, that the palisades were speedily broken down,—the -covered way carried,—the French overpowered and -chased among the works, many of them throwing themselves -into stone pits to escape the fury of their assailants.</p> - -<p>This success stimulated the soldiers to fresh exertions, -and on the 17th of July, when the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were -directed to take part in the storming of the counterscarp, -they engaged in this service with a cheerful alacrity, which -proved the ardour which glowed in every breast. The grenadiers -led the assault, and, rushing to the glacis, cast their -grenades over the palisades into the covered way. Following -up this attack with spirit, the French were overpowered, -the counterscarp was carried in gallant style,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> -and the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were thanked by King William -for their distinguished bravery. They had Lieutenant -Dancy killed and Captain Negus wounded; -also a number of private men killed and wounded. -The siege was prosecuted with vigour, and with such -success that before the end of July the town was delivered -up, Marshal Boufflers retiring with the garrison -into the castle.</p> - -<p>One hundred and thirty-six pieces of cannon and -fifty mortars opened their fire on the castle of <em>Namur</em> on -the 11th of August, and being continued without intermission, -breaches were made in the Terra Nova and Cohorne, -and on the night of the 20th of August, a detachment -of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> was engaged under Lord -Cutts in the attack of the counterscarp and breach of -Terra Nova, and had several men killed and Captain -Groves, Lieutenant Rainsford, and a number of men -wounded. The fire of the artillery was continued, and -preparations were made for another assault; but the further -effusion of blood was prevented by the surrender of -the place. After the repair of the works, the King, being -satisfied with the capture of so important a place, dismissed -the army to its winter quarters, and the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> -returned to their usual station at Ghent.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1696</div> - -<p>During the following winter a conspiracy was formed -in England for the assassination of King William: at the -same time an insurrection was organised, and a French -army was assembled near the coast to aid in the replacing -of King James on the throne. A body of troops was -immediately ordered to return from Flanders; and the -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> embarked at Sas van Ghent, sailed from -thence to Flushing, where the transports were placed -under the convoy of Dutch men-of-war, and, afterwards<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> -resuming the voyage, arrived at Gravesend in March, -1696. The plot had, however, been discovered, the conspirators -arrested, and the British fleet was manned and -sent to sea; the French monarch's designs were thus -frustrated, and the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> returned to Flanders without -landing in England.</p> - -<p>During the campaign of 1696 the regiment served -with the Brabant army commanded by King William; -but no fighting took place. In the beginning of September -it joined the army of Flanders under the Prince of -Vaudemont, and, encamping near the village of St. Michael, -was employed in constructing works for the protection -of Bruges. In October it marched to Ghent.</p> - -<p>In November, 1696, Brigadier-General Sir Charles -O'Hara was appointed colonel of the <span class="smcap">Royal Regiment -of Fusiliers</span>, in succession to Brigadier-General Fitzpatrick, -drowned.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1697</div> - -<p>Leaving Ghent on the 13th of March, 1697, the regiment -proceeded into village quarters between Brussels -and Malines. Two companies were detached to form -part of the garrison of Oudenarde, and the remainder -subsequently encamped behind the forest of Soignies, -where the men suffered much from wet weather and -from the want of their clothing, which was due, but had -not arrived from England.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> took part in the operations of -this campaign. In September a treaty of peace was -signed at Ryswick, and during the winter the regiment -returned to England; at the same time its numbers -were reduced to a peace establishment.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1698</div> - -<p>In August, 1698, the regiment proceeded to Jersey and -Guernsey, to relieve a corps of marines which was -ordered to be disbanded.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span></p> - -<div class="sidenote">1701<br />1702</div> - -<p>The regiment remained in Jersey and Guernsey -until 1702, when the accession of Philip Duke of Anjou -(grandson of Louis XIV.) to the throne of Spain, to the -prejudice of the House of Austria, had involved Europe -in another war. This violation of existing treaties -was followed by the Courts of France and Spain acknowledging -the Pretender as King of Great Britain. -Queen Anne declared war against France and Spain, -and in the summer of 1702 three companies of the -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were called from Jersey and Guernsey -to take part in an expedition, under the Duke of Ormond, -against the city of <em>Cadiz</em>; their colonel, Major-General -Sir Charles O'Hara, was also employed in this enterprise. -The fleet arrived off the coast of Andalusia in Spain, and -a landing was effected in the middle of August, within -a short distance from Cadiz. The wind being high, about -thirty boats crowded with soldiers were overturned by the -surge, and above twenty men of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -were drowned. The towns of <em>Rota</em>, and Port St. Mary's -with <em>Fort St. Catherine</em>, were captured; but the fortress -of Cadiz was found too strong, and the garrison too numerous -to be reduced by the small expedition sent against -it. The wealthy and flourishing town of Port St. Mary's -was found deserted by the inhabitants, the houses well -furnished, and much valuable merchandise in the warehouses. -Strict discipline not being preserved, the town -was plundered, and a great quantity of property was removed -on board the fleet. Several officers were charged -with participating in the plunder, and Sir Charles O'Hara -was implicated and brought to trial, but was acquitted. -The capture of Cadiz being found impracticable, the -troops re-embarked, and sailed for England; but while -at sea, information was received of the arrival of a valuable<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> -Spanish fleet under a French convoy, at the harbour -of <em>Vigo</em>, and the expedition immediately proceeded -thither. A landing was effected on the south side of -the river, above <em>Vigo</em>; a strong fort and a battery were -captured; the British fleet forced an entrance, and the -French and Spanish shipping were all captured or destroyed. -The fleet afterwards returned to England; and -the Duke of Ormond received the thanks of parliament -for his success in this enterprize. The three companies -of the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> were landed and placed in garrison at -Tilbury, excepting fifty men, who were sent to the West -Indies to complete Brigadier-General Gustavus Hamilton's -regiment.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1703<br />1704<br />1705</div> - -<p>The war being continued, the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were -employed during the summer of 1703 as marines on -board the fleet: they afterwards landed, and were placed -in garrison at Portsmouth, from whence a detachment -was sent to the Isle of Wight in August, 1704. In 1705 -the regiment was stationed at Plymouth.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1706</div> - -<p>In the meantime several regiments had been sent to -Portugal; an armament under the Earl of Peterborough -had captured <em>Barcelona</em>, and Catalonia and Valencia had -declared in favour of Archduke Charles of Austria, who -was acknowledged as sovereign of Spain by Great Britain, -Holland, &c. The house of Bourbon assembled a well-appointed -army and a powerful fleet to retake Barcelona, -which was besieged by King Philip in April, 1706. King -Charles remained in the city, that his presence might inspire -confidence in the garrison, which was weak and ill -provided with the means of defence. Succours were sent -from England, and the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were embarked -for this service. On the approach of the British squadron -the French fleet retired. The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> landed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span> -at Barcelona on the 8th of May, and immediately marched -to the breach to repel an expected attack by storm, which -did not, however, take place. The arrival of the British -fleet with reinforcements decided the fate of the town; -and the army of King Philip raised the siege and retired, -leaving its battering train and magazines behind.</p> - -<p>From Barcelona the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> marched a distance -of forty-seven miles, to Gironne, a fortified town -of Catalonia, situated at the base of a steep mountain, -with the river Tar running through the town. Here -the regiment passed in comfortable quarters among the -Spaniards the remainder of the year 1706 and the early -part of 1707. Provisions and wine were abundant, and -the regiment was preserved in a state of efficiency.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1707</div> - -<p>While the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were at Gironne, the allied -British, Portuguese, and Dutch army, was overpowered -on the plains of Almanza on the 25th of April, -1707. Soon after this disaster the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -traversed the country from Gironne to <em>Lerida</em> (anciently -called <em>Ilerda</em>), a place celebrated in history for the beauty -of its situation, the fertility of the adjacent country, and -for having been the capital of the country of the Ilergetes -long before the first invasion of Spain by the Romans. -At this pleasant city, situated on the declivity of a hill -on the west bank of the Segra, the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> remained -a short time, expecting the approach of the victorious -French and Spanish forces. The officers and -soldiers could view the ground where Scipio defeated -Hanno, the Carthaginian general, and where Julius -Cæsar conquered the lieutenants of Pompey; but no -hope of victory could be entertained by the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -in the approaching contest, the disparity of numbers -being too great.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span></p> - -<p>The garrison of Lerida consisted of the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span>, Wills's marines (now thirtieth regiment), with -one Portuguese and two Dutch battalions, commanded by -Prince Henry of Hesse d'Armstadt and Major-General -Wills. A powerful French and Spanish army under -His Royal Highness the Duke of Orleans and the Duke -of Berwick invested the town on the 10th of September, -and, having effected a breach, gave a general assault on -the 12th of October. The garrison defended its post with -admirable courage and resolution, and the firmness and -steady valour of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were conspicuous. -The enemy having made a lodgment, the garrison vacated -the town, and retired to the castle at the top of the hill, -where a vigorous defence was continued until the water -and provisions were expended, when the fortress was -surrendered on honourable terms. The garrison marched, -out on the 12th of November with colours flying, taking -with them all their baggage and two pieces of cannon, -and proceeded to join the army under the Earl of Galway.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1708</div> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, having sustained considerable -loss in the defence of Lerida, returned to England in -the spring of 1708 to recruit, and their colonel, Major-General -Sir Charles O'Hara, was advanced to the peerage -by the title of <span class="smcap">Baron Tyrawley</span>.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1709</div> - -<p>During the winter of 1708 and spring of 1709 the -regiment occupied extensive cantonments in Devonshire -and Somersetshire, and its ranks were rapidly recruited.</p> - -<p>This year Lieut.-General Stanhope formed the design -of surprising Cadiz, and concerted measures with Admiral -Sir George Byng, on board of whose squadron he embarked -from Port Mahon with two regiments of foot, and -sailed to Gibraltar to await the arrival of a body of troops -from England. The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were selected to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> -take part in this enterprise, and they embarked at Portsmouth -on board of the squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral -Baker; but the fleet was detained so long by -contrary winds, that it did not reach Portugal until -October, when the season was too far advanced for prosecuting -this adventure, and the regiment sailed to Barcelona.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1710<br />1711<br />1712<br />1713</div> - -<p>The island of Minorca having been captured in 1708, -the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were selected to form part of the -garrison of that important place during the remainder of -the war, which was terminated in 1713 by the Treaty of -Utrecht. By this treaty Minorca was ceded to Great -Britain, and the regiment was one of the corps destined -to remain on the island.</p> - -<p>On the 29th of January, 1713, the colonelcy was conferred -on the Honourable James O'Hara, in succession -to his father, James Lord Tyrawley.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1714<br />1719</div> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> remained at Minorca until the -spring of 1719, when they were relieved, and arrived at -Plymouth in May of that year; in July they proceeded -to Ireland, where they continued until 1727.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1727</div> - -<p>In 1727, when the Spaniards besieged Gibraltar, the -regiment was ordered to return to England, and it was -subsequently held in readiness to join the Dutch in -their war with Austria; but no embarkation took place.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1728<br />1734</div> - -<p>The regiment remained in Great Britain until 1734, -when it proceeded to Gibraltar.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1739</div> - -<p>Lord Tyrawley having been removed to the fifth -horse (now fourth dragoon guards) in August, 1739, his -lordship was succeeded in the colonelcy by Major-General -William Hargrave, from the ninth foot.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1749</div> - -<p>Leaving Gibraltar in 1749, the regiment proceeded to -Ireland, where it was stationed six years.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span></p> - -<div class="sidenote">1751</div> - -<p>In the royal warrant dated 1st July, 1751, the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span> are authorized to bear the following distinctions. -"In the centre of their colours, the <span class="smcap">Rose</span> within the -<span class="smcap">Garter</span>, and the <span class="smcap">Crown</span> over it; the <span class="smcap">White Horse</span> -in the corners of the second colour. On the grenadier -caps the Rose within the Garter, and Crown as in the -colours. White Horse and motto over it, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Nec aspera -terrent</i>. The same device of the Rose within the Garter, -and Crown on their drums and bells of arms, with the -rank of the regiment underneath."</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1754</div> - -<p>On the decease of General Hargrave in January, 1751, -the command of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> was conferred on -Colonel John Mostyn, who was removed, in August, -1754, to the thirteenth dragoons, and was succeeded by -Colonel Lord Robert Bertie.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1755<br />1756</div> - -<p>In the spring of 1755 the regiment embarked from -Dublin, and, having landed at Liverpool, occupied -quarters in England until the breaking out of the Seven -Years' War, when it was embarked on board the fleet -commanded by Admiral Byng, in March, 1756, to serve -as marines, and sent to the Mediterranean to endeavour -to preserve <em>Minorca</em> from the power of the French. It -served at the engagement with the French fleet off Minorca -on the 20th of May; but the enemy had previously -landed an army, and captured the whole island -excepting Fort St. Philip, and the relief of this fort was -not attempted. The admiral was afterwards brought to -trial and shot.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1763<br />1765<br />1773</div> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> landed at Gibraltar, and were -stationed at that fortress during the remainder of the war. -In 1763 they embarked for England; in 1765 they proceeded -to Scotland; but returned to England in the spring -of 1770, and in April, 1773, they embarked for Canada.</p> - -<div><a name="PLATE_2" id="PLATE_2"></a></div> -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i_b_024fp.jpg" width="350" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"> -Private Bn. Coy., 1742.</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span></p> - -<div class="sidenote">1774</div> - -<p>After performing garrison duty at Quebec several -months, the regiment embarked for Montreal, and -occupied several posts in Lower Canada.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1775</div> - -<p>While the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were in Lower Canada, -the misunderstanding between Great Britain and her -North American colonies, on the subject of taxes, attained -a crisis; thirteen states united against the mother-country, -and, hostilities having commenced, the Congress -resolved to attempt the conquest of Canada. The only -regular forces in Lower Canada, at this period, were the -<span class="smcap">Seventh</span> and twenty-sixth regiments, and their number -being weak, they were unequal to the defence of this -extensive province against the very superior numbers -of the enemy: the eighth foot were in upper Canada.</p> - -<p>In May, 1775, a body of Americans surprised and -captured the <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note—Original text: 'posts of Ticonderago'">posts of Ticonderoga</ins> and Crown-point; -and this success was followed by the advance of two -divisions of the American army at different points. The -British governor, Lieut.-General Carlton, sent the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span> and twenty-sixth from Montreal to <em>St. John's</em>, -where they were employed in constructing two redoubts.</p> - -<p>In the autumn one division of the American army, -under Colonel Montgomery (a native of Ireland, who -had quitted the British service a short time before, and -settled at New York), besieged <em>St. John's</em>. The garrison, -consisting of five hundred and fifty men of the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span> -and twenty-sixth, and a few Canadian volunteers, commanded -by Major Charles Preston of the twenty-sixth, -had but a small supply of ammunition and provision, and -the works were in an imperfect state, yet a most gallant -resistance was made.</p> - -<p>The American commander turned the siege into a -blockade, and invested <em>Fort Chambly</em>, where Major the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span> -Honourable Joseph Stopford of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, -and about eighty men, were in garrison. This post kept -up the communication between St. John's and Montreal; -but the works were not in a good condition; the place -was not deemed capable of resisting artillery, and no -effectual resistance could, consequently, be made against -the very superior numbers of the enemy. The garrison -surrendered on the 20th of October.</p> - -<p>After this success Colonel Montgomery resumed the -siege of <em>St. John's</em>, and the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span> and twenty-sixth -regiments made a determined resistance. The hardships -they endured were borne with patience; they were -often knee-deep in mire, and were reduced to half-allowance -of provision; yet they held out with the most -heroic bravery until their strength was exhausted, and -no chance of being relieved remained, when they surrendered. -Thus at the commencement of the war the -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were nearly all made prisoners.</p> - -<p>The enemy subsequently advanced upon Montreal, -and Lieut.-General Carlton, being deserted by the Canadians, -and without the means of defence, retired down -the river St. Lawrence to Quebec, accompanied by a -party of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>.</p> - -<p><em>Quebec</em> was besieged by two divisions of Americans -under Colonels Montgomery and Arnold, and the garrison, -of which sixty men of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> formed -part, defended the place with firmness and intrepidity; -the winter was particularly severe, and the soldiers of both -sides served amidst ice and snow. About five o'clock on -the morning of the 31st of December, during a storm of -sleet and snow, the Americans made a general assault -with the view of carrying the place by storm; but the -garrison withstood the tempest of war with such determined<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> -resolution, that the storming party was repulsed -with the loss of between six and seven hundred men; -Colonel Montgomery was killed, and Colonel Arnold -wounded. The garrison only lost one officer and four -private soldiers killed, and seven private soldiers wounded.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1776</div> - -<p>After this repulse the Americans turned the siege into -a blockade, and placed their troops in village cantonments: -in April, 1776, they resumed the siege, and the British -defended the place with resolution. In the early part of -May reinforcements arrived from England, and on the -6th of that month Lieut.-General Carlton marched out -of the fortress at the head of the garrison to attack the -American camp, when the besieging army made a precipitate -retreat, leaving its artillery, stores, scaling ladders, -&c., behind. The British followed their opponents -up the country, recovered Montreal, and drove the -Americans out of Canada.</p> - -<p>In the meantime a detachment of the regiment had -arrived at Boston from England, and on the evacuation -of Boston, it proceeded to Halifax in Nova Scotia.</p> - -<p>In October, 1776, Lord Robert Bertie was appointed to -the command of the second troop (now second regiment) -of life guards; and the colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -was conferred on their lieut.-colonel, William Prescott, -by commission dated the 12th of November, 1776.</p> - -<p>In the autumn of this year the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> transferred -their services from Canada to New York; as the -men taken prisoners were exchanged, the numbers of the -regiment were increased; clothing and appointments arrived -from England, and the regiment occupied quarters -for the winter at Amboy in Middlesex county.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1777</div> - -<p>From Amboy the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were removed to -<em>Staten Island</em>, which was attacked in August, 1777, by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> -the Americans under General Sullivan, who were repulsed -with loss.</p> - -<p>At this period a British force under Lieut.-General -Burgoyne was advancing from Canada upon Albany; -at the same time another British army under General Sir -William Howe was proceeding against Philadelphia; and -Lieut.-General Sir Henry Clinton, who commanded at -New York, resolved to penetrate into Jersey for a diversion -in favour of both armies. The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, -with several other corps, were accordingly embarked for -this service, and on the 12th of September effected a landing -at four different places without meeting with serious -opposition. The <span class="smcap">Seventh</span>, twenty-sixth, and fifty-second -regiments, with a body of German grenadiers and three -hundred provincials under Brigadier-General Campbell, -landed at Elizabeth-Town-Point, at about four in the -morning, and advanced up the country: the enemy opposed -the march, and a sharp firing was kept up throughout the -day. The King's forces, however, had the advantage; -they took Newark, and were advancing on Aquakinack, -when they received orders to halt and wait the advance -of the troops which had effected a landing at the other -points. The enemy afterwards appeared in force, and -several skirmishes occurred, but the British succeeded in -capturing four hundred head of cattle, four hundred -sheep, and a few horses. On the 16th of September the -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> marched to Bergen Point, where they -re-embarked and returned to Staten Island, without the -loss of one man in this expedition, and with only Lieutenant -Haymer and one private soldier wounded.</p> - -<p>In October of the same year the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were -embarked to join an expedition against the enemy's forts -up <em>Hudson's River</em>. About three thousand men were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span> -collected for this service from New York and the lines -at Kingsbridge; and having embarked on board of transports, -were convoyed up the river by some frigates and -other armed vessels under Commodore Hotham. The -troops landed at day-break on the 6th of October at Stony-point, -and arrangements were immediately made for the -attack of <em>Forts Montgomery</em> and <em>Clinton</em>. The troops -had to march a distance of twelve miles over mountains, -and to overcome many obstructions; they, however, -surmounted every difficulty, and attacked the forts by -storm on the same day. As the Americans were prepared, -and their works strong, they made an obstinate -defence; but nothing could withstand the ardour of the -royal troops, and every corps gained a share in the glory. -<em>Fort Constitution</em> was also taken on the 7th of October. -Not far from these forts was a new settlement called -<em>Continential Village</em>, where there was a barrack for fifteen -hundred men. The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, with two German -corps and two three-pounders, were sent against this -place, and having destroyed the settlement and burnt the -barrack and stores, the troops returned.</p> - -<p>Notwithstanding these successful diversions, Lieut.-General -Burgoyne experienced great difficulties in his -advance, and eventually, his troops being exhausted with -fatigue and privation, his advance opposed by superior -numbers, and his retreat cut off, he capitulated. The -army under General Sir William Howe had better success, -and captured Philadelphia. The enemy having despatched -part of the force originally opposed to Lieut.-General -Burgoyne, to join their army of the south under -General Washington, the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were sent -from the vicinity of New York to reinforce the army in -Pennsylvania, and in the early part of December they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span> -were engaged in a skirmish with the Americans in front -of Philadelphia; but only lost one man.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1778</div> - -<p>Louis XVI. having acknowledged the independence of -the revolted British States in America, and concluded a -treaty of alliance with them, Great Britain declared war -against France; and as the French had agreed to assist -the Americans, a concentration of the British forces was -deemed advisable. The army accordingly retired in -June, 1778, from Philadelphia, and crossed the Delaware, -and proceeded through the Jerseys, from whence it embarked -for New York. Numerous obstacles had to be -overcome in this retreat, and the troops suffered much -from the excessive heat of the weather: some sharp skirmishing -also took place, but the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> do not -appear to have sustained any loss.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1779</div> - -<p>The regiment remained at the lines near New York -until the summer of 1779, when it was employed in an -expedition commanded by Major-General Tyron, sent -into East Sound with a view of drawing General Washington -from the strong post which he occupied in the -mountains into Connecticut for the defence of the towns -on that coast. The fleet arrived at the harbour of <em>Newhaven</em> -on the 5th of July, and the first division of the -Army, which consisted of the flank companies of the -guards, <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, fifty-fourth regiment, and a -detachment of Jagars, with four field-pieces, under Brigadier-General -Garth, landed about five o'clock in the -morning a mile south of the town, and advanced, making -a circuit of seven miles to gain the head of the creek on -the western side of the place. Some skirmishing occurred -on the march, but the King's troops overcame all opposition -and took possession of the town: at the same time -the second division landed and took post at Rock Fort.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span> -On the following day the troops destroyed all the public -stores, and part of the ordnance, with a number of vessels, -and afterwards re-embarked, bringing off six field-pieces -and an armed privateer. On the 7th of July the fleet -anchored off the village of <em>Fairfield</em>; the British troops -landed and defeated a party of Americans; the enemy -kept firing from windows and the tops of houses, which -provoked a band of loyal emigrants to set the place on fire, -by which the town and a number of boats were destroyed. -On the 11th of July the fleet sailed to the bay of <em>Norwalk</em>. -The troops landed on the following day and advanced -against the town. "The <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span>, supported by the -light infantry of the guards, began the attack, and soon -cleared the quarters—pushing the main body of the -enemy and an hundred cavalry from the northern -heights, and taking one piece of their cannon. After -many of the salt-pans were destroyed, whale-boats carried -away on board the fleet, and the magazines, stores, -and vessels set in flames, with the greatest part of the -dwelling-houses, the advanced-corps were drawn back, -and the troops retired in two columns to the place of -our first debarkation, and, unassaulted, took ship and -returned to Huntingdon bay."<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> This expedition did -not produce the desired effect in the movements of the -American general. The troops were ordered to return -to New York. Major-General Tyron stated in his despatch—"I -should do injustice if I closed this report -without giving every praise to the troops I had the honour -to command."<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a></p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Regiment of Fusiliers</span> lost five men in -this expedition, and had three serjeants and nineteen -men wounded.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span></p> - -<p>During the autumn of this year the operations of the -army were limited to defensive measures; but in December -an attack on the opulent province of South -Carolina was determined on, and the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -formed a part of the force employed on this service, -which was commanded by General Sir Henry -Clinton.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1780</div> - -<p>The troops having embarked, the fleet and convoy -sailed from New York on the 26th of December, and -after experiencing much tempestuous weather, which -separated the fleet and occasioned the loss of several transports, -arrived at the Savannah about the end of January, -1780, and gained the harbour of North Edisto, on the -coast of South Carolina, in February. The troops were -immediately landed, and took possession of John's and -James's Island, the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> taking post at -Stono-ferry on John's Island. The passage of the Ashley -River was effected on the 29th of March, and on the 1st -of April the army besieged <em>Charlestown</em>. The works -were carried on with perseverance and judgment, and, -on the 11th of May, all things being ready for a general -assault, the governor capitulated, and ten American regiments, -with three battalions of artillery, and the town -and county militia, became prisoners of war.</p> - -<p>The loss of the royal army in this siege was only -seventy-six killed and one hundred and ninety wounded, -including all ranks. The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> had one -man killed and two wounded.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1781</div> - -<p>The regiment appears to have been in garrison during -the remainder of this year; and in January, 1781, it -was ordered to proceed to Fort Ninety-Six, which place -was then besieged by the Americans; but when on the -march, the regiment received orders to join a body of -troops under Lieutenant-Colonel Tarleton, and march<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span> -against General Morgan, who was posted at Pacolet -with a strong division of the American army. "The -progress of the King's troops was greatly impeded -by heavy rains, which swelled the rivers and creeks; -yet Lieutenant-Colonel Tarleton conducted his march -so well, and got so near to General Morgan (who was -retreating before him), as to make it dangerous for him -to pass the Broad-River, and came up with him at eight -o'clock <span class="fs70">A.M.</span> on the 17th of January, at a place called -<em>Cow-Pens</em>. The attack was begun by the first line of -infantry, consisting of the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span> regiment, the -infantry of the legion, and the corps of light infantry -annexed to it: a troop of cavalry was placed on each -flank: the first battalion of the seventy-first, and the -remainder of the cavalry, formed the reserve. The -enemy's line soon gave way, and their militia quitted -the field; but our troops having been thrown into some -disorder by the pursuit, General Morgan's corps faced -about and gave them a heavy fire: this <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note—Original text: 'unexpected even'">unexpected event</ins> -occasioned the utmost confusion in the first line. The -two three-pounders were taken, and I fear the colours -of the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span> regiment shared the same fate."<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a></p> - -<p>In this unfortunate engagement the Royal Fusiliers -sustained a very serious loss in killed, wounded, and -taken prisoners.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1782<br />1783</div> - -<p>The regiment was subsequently placed in garrison in -South Carolina, where it remained until 1782; when, -the British Government having been induced to concede -the independence of the United States, pacific overtures -were made, which were succeeded by a cessation of -hostilities. South Carolina was evacuated, and the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span> -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> proceeded to New York, where they -remained until the conclusion of the treaty of peace in -1783, when they returned to England; at the same time -the establishment was reduced to eight companies.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1784<br />1785<br />1786</div> - -<p>After occupying quarters at Gloucester and Plymouth, -the regiment proceeded to Scotland in the spring -of 1786.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1788<br />1789</div> - -<p>On the decease of General Prescott in the autumn of -1788, the colonelcy was conferred on Major-General the -Honourable William Gordon, who was removed in April, -1789, to the seventy-first regiment, and the colonelcy of -the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> was conferred on <span class="smcap">Prince Edward</span> -(fourth son of King George III.), afterwards <span class="smcap">Duke of -Kent</span>.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1790</div> - -<p>In 1790 the regiment embarked from Leith and the -Isle of Man for Gibraltar, and, arriving at that important -fortress in August, occupied the King's barracks, -under the command of its colonel, His Royal Highness -<span class="smcap">Prince Edward</span>.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1791<br />1792<br />1793</div> - -<p>From Gibraltar the regiment embarked, in May, 1791, -for Canada,—the right wing under <span class="smcap">Prince Edward</span> on -board His Majesty's ship "Ulysses," and the left wing -under Captain Shuttleworth in the "Resistance;" both -wings landed in August at Quebec, where the regiment -was stationed, under <span class="smcap">Prince Edward's</span> command, nearly -three years: His Royal Highness afterwards proceeded -to the West Indies, and acquired a reputation for valour -and intrepidity at the capture of Martinique, St. Lucie, -and Guadaloupe.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1794</div> - -<p>Two companies of the regiment were detached in -June, 1794, from Quebec to Halifax, in Nova Scotia, -and in October of the same year the regiment proceeded -to that station.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span></p> - -<div class="sidenote">1795<br />1796</div> - -<p>A strong draft of recruits arrived from England in -September, 1795, and the regiment was formed into <em>two -battalions</em>. Both battalions were, however, incorporated, -in April, 1796, into <em>one</em>,—consisting of fifty-four serjeants, -twenty-two drummers, and a thousand rank and file; and -the supernumerary men were transferred to the fourth, or -the King's own regiment.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1797<br />1798<br />1799</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Prince Edward</span>, having returned from the West Indies, -was appointed Commander of the Forces in Nova -Scotia and its dependencies, and was subsequently promoted -to the rank of Lieutenant-General. The <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span> experienced the advantage of His Royal Highness's -assiduous attention to their interests; his military -virtues,—his liberality,—his care to bring merit into -notice, and to procure suitable rewards for the well-conducted,<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a> -with his constant attention to everything calculated -to promote the welfare of the regiment, endeared his -name in the grateful remembrance of the officers and soldiers; -at the same time, the facility with which he procured -a constant supply of fine recruits for his corps, with -his indefatigable efforts to inculcate the true principles<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span> -of subordination in the regiment, and to bring it into a -state of perfection in discipline, occasioned the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span> to become one of the most efficient corps -in the service,—distinguished alike for its uniform and -warlike appearance,—excellent conduct in quarters,—and -the superior style in which it performed its exercises -and field movements. His Royal Highness having returned -to England on account of ill health, was created, -on the 23rd of April, 1799, <span class="smcap">Earl</span> of <span class="smcap">Dublin</span> in Ireland, -and <span class="smcap">Duke</span> of <span class="smcap">Kent</span> and <span class="smcap">Strathearn</span> in Great Britain.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1801</div> - -<p>In August, 1801, the <span class="smcap">Duke</span> of <span class="smcap">Kent</span> was removed to -the first or the royal regiment; and was succeeded in -the colonelcy by Lieut.-General Sir Alured Clarke from -the fifth foot, who had commanded the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -during a great part of the American war.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1802</div> - -<p>After passing eleven years in the protection of the -British North American provinces, the regiment embarked -from Nova Scotia, the right wing under Lieut.-Colonel -Layard, for Bermuda, and the left wing under -Brevet Lieut.-Colonel Burrows for the Bahamas; and -both wings arrived at their destinations in October and -November, 1802.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1804<br />1805</div> - -<p>While the regiment was in the West Indies, a <em>second -battalion</em> was added to its establishment, and formed of -men raised for limited service in the West Riding of Yorkshire, -under the provisions of the Additional Force Act, -passed in July, 1804. The second battalion was placed -on the establishment on the 25th of December, 1804, and -in 1805 it marched from Yorkshire to Winchester.<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span></p> - -<div class="sidenote">1806<br />1807</div> - -<p>In July, 1806, five companies embarked from Bermuda, -and landed at Plymouth in August; they were -followed by the five companies from the Bahamas, which -landed at Plymouth in November and December. The -first battalion, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel the Honourable -E. M. Pakenham, received a draft of between four -and five hundred men from the second, and, embarking at -Liverpool for Ireland, landed at Dublin in the beginning -of January, 1807: the second battalion, commanded by -Lieut.-Colonel William J. Myers, remained in England.</p> - -<p>Information having been obtained that Napoleon, -Emperor of France, purposed employing the navy -of Denmark against Great Britain, an armament was -prepared for obtaining possession of the Danish fleet -by treaty or force. The first battalion of the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span>, having been inspected by Major-General -Leith, and commended for its appearance and discipline, -was withdrawn from Ireland to take part in this enterprise. -It embarked from Dublin in July,—landed at -Liverpool,—marched to Hull, from whence it sailed to -Denmark, and, disembarking on the island of Zealand, -joined the army under General Lord Cathcart, and was -employed in the siege of <em>Copenhagen</em>. After a bombardment -of three days the city surrendered, and the Danish -fleet was delivered up. The British troops afterwards -returned to England; the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> landed in -November at Portsmouth, from whence they proceeded -to Lewes, where another draft of nearly four hundred -men was received from the second battalion.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span></p> - -<div class="sidenote">1808</div> - -<p>Returning to Portsmouth in January, 1808, the first -battalion embarked immediately for Nova Scotia; the -fleet called at Bermuda to leave the thirteenth regiment, -and afterwards proceeding direct to Nova Scotia, the -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> landed at Halifax in the middle of -April.</p> - -<p>In May, 1808, the second battalion embarked at Tilbury -Fort for Ireland, and landed at Monkstown in the -middle of June.</p> - -<p>Soon after its arrival at Nova Scotia, the first battalion -was selected to proceed, with other corps under the command -of Lieut.-General Sir George Prevost, to the West -Indies to take part in an expedition against the French -island of <em>Martinique</em>.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1809</div> - -<p>The armament assembled at Carlisle-bay in Barbadoes, -under the command of Lieut.-General Beckwith, and -sailing on the 28th of January, 1809, arrived off Martinique -on the following day. At four o'clock on the afternoon -of the 30th the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> landed at Malgré -Tout, in Bay Robert, and marched that evening through -difficult roads to De Manceaux's estate. After a few -hours' repose the troops resumed their march to Papin's, -where part of the division halted; but the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span> and grenadier company of the first West -India regiment pushed forward to the heights on De -Bork's estate, where they passed the night. On the following -day they were joined by the Royal Welsh Fusiliers -and the light infantry battalion; when Lieut.-Colonel -Pakenham advanced with the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, supported -by the light battalion, to the heights of <em>Morné -Bruno</em>. From this post the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, with the -rifle company of the twenty-third, and grenadiers of the -first West India regiment, advanced, supported by the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> -Welsh Fusiliers, against the height of <em>Desfourneaux</em>. -The French, under General De Houdelot, were advantageously -posted on the declivity of the hill, with a river -in their front, and their left protected by artillery. Lieut.-Colonel -Pakenham, with the flank companies of the -<span class="smcap">Seventh</span>, and rifle company of the twenty-third, turned -the enemy's right; the light battalion moved against the -enemy's left; and the battalion companies of the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span>, -and grenadiers of the first West India regiment, advanced -against the front. Animated by a spirit of emulation -and a thirst for glory, the British troops rushed onward -with enthusiasm; the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> forded the river -under a heavy fire, and attacking their more numerous -antagonists with signal gallantry, drove the French from -their formidable position in disorder. Lieut.-Colonel -Pakenham continued his victorious career against the -heights of <em>Surirey</em>, and being gallantly supported by the -twenty-third regiment, the soldiers under his orders, -animated by the zeal and ardour of their brave leaders, -overcame obstacles of a formidable character with heroic -valour; they carried the hill, and, by a spirited charge, -forced the French to take shelter under the guns of their -redoubts. In this attack the valour and judgment of -Lieut.-Colonel Pakenham, and the excellence of the -<span class="smcap">Fusilier Brigade</span>, were conspicuous. Lieut.-General -Sir George Beckwith observed in General Orders:—"The -Commander of the Forces desires to express his -entire approbation of the manly conduct of the troops -engaged yesterday, and desires that the general officers -and soldiers will be pleased to accept his thanks, and -to assure them that he will not fail to lay their merit -before the King. Lieutenant-General Sir George -Prevost having reported the unremitting exertions<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> -of Lieutenant-Colonel the <span class="smcap">Honourable Edward -Michael Pakenham</span>, of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, the -Commander of the Forces feels great pleasure in making -this known to the army."</p> - -<p>The regiment had Captain Taylor (acting Deputy -Quarter-Master-General) and nine rank and file killed; -two serjeants, one drummer, and fifty-six rank and file -wounded; four rank and file missing.</p> - -<p>The French occupied a second position, strengthened -by two redoubts connected by an entrenchment. On -the 2nd of February the British made a movement to -extend their right, and the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were again -engaged, and manifested the same heroic ardour and -superiority over the enemy as on the preceding day. -Lieutenant-Colonel Pakenham led the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span>, supported -by the light battalion, against the enemy's -advanced redoubt, in open day, and the spirited conduct -of the officers and men was again eminently displayed: -but it appearing to the commander of the -expedition that the redoubts would be gained with a loss -beyond the value of the acquisition, the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> were -ordered to desist. The loss of the regiment was one -serjeant and twenty rank and file killed; Lieutenant-Colonel -Pakenham, Captains Row and Cholwich, one serjeant, -one drummer, and fifty-eight rank and file wounded, three -men missing. The enemy afterwards abandoned the -redoubt and spiked the cannon.</p> - -<p>On the following day a general order was issued, in -which it was stated—"The benefit the advanced corps -under Lieutenant-General Sir George Prevost have -produced to His Majesty's service, from the gallant -and successful attack made upon Morné Bruno and the -heights of Surirey, on the 1st instant, by the first brigade<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> -of the army and the light battalion under Brigadier-General -Hoghton, demands from the Commander -of the Forces a reiteration of his acknowledgments, -and his assurance to the brigadier-general, and to the -commanding officer of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, of the -Royal Welsh Fusiliers, and of the light battalion, also -to the officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers -of those regiments, that he will not fail to lay their -meritorious exertions before the King. The exertions -of all the corps engaged yesterday were conspicuous; -and although the state of the works possessed by the -enemy did not admit of their being carried by the -bayonet, which rendered it the general's duty to direct -the corps employed to retire, they manifested a spirit -and determination which, when tempered by less -impetuosity, will lead to the happiest results."</p> - -<p><em>Fort Bourbon</em> was afterwards besieged; and on the surrender -of this place the French marched out (7th March) -and laid down their arms; the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> and -the two other battalions of the first brigade receiving -each an <span class="smcap">Eagle</span> from the French regiments, with a proportion -of brass drums, &c.</p> - -<p>The capture of this valuable island having been -achieved, the troops were again commended in general -orders for their excellent conduct: and the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span> were subsequently honoured with the privilege -of bearing the word "<span class="smcap">Martinique</span>" inscribed -on their colours, as a mark of royal favour and approbation. -Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney received a -gold medal for his conduct in this service.</p> - -<p>After the completion of this brilliant enterprise, the -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> returned to Nova Scotia; before -embarking they were again commended in general<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> -orders. They sailed from Martinique on the 15th of -March, and arrived at Halifax in April.</p> - -<p>Lieutenant-Colonel Pakenham being anxious to -stimulate the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> to good conduct by -distinguishing merit, assembled a board of officers for -that purpose, and the names of the following non-commissioned -officers and soldiers were recorded in the -"<span class="smcap">Book of Merit</span>."</p> - -<p>Serjeant Thomas Simpson for meritorious and gallant -conduct at Martinique. Quarter-Master-Serjeant Timothy -Meagher, Serjeants John Ledsam, John Henry, John -Day, William Harris, William Inchbold, Joshua Redshaw, -Thomas Beale, Thomas Miller, George Kenney, —— Willson, -George Clementson, Corporal Dove, Drummer -Thomas Maud, Privates William Vagg, Mark Ewing, -Benjamin Price, James Haughney, Nathaniel Moss, and -James Delamy for general good conduct; Serjeants Meagher -and Henry were afterwards promoted to commissions.</p> - -<p>In April, 1809, Lieutenant and Adjutant Orr, a most -meritorious officer, was promoted to a company, on -which occasion the serjeants presented him with an -address, expressive of their regard and gratitude for the -manner in which he had performed the duty of adjutant. -This circumstance was, however, deemed a departure -from strict discipline, and the Commander-in-Chief in -North America, General Sir James Craig, declared in -General Orders, that the serjeants had been guilty, unintentionally, -of an act of insubordination.<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> The sentiments<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span> -expressed in this order obtained the concurrence -of the Commander-in-Chief of the Army, who stated in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span> -orders;—"The reason for which the Commander-in-Chief -has directed the circulation of this Order, is, that -he may avail himself of this opportunity of declaring to -the army his most perfect concurrence in the sentiments -therein expressed by the distinguished and experienced -officer by whom it was framed, on a subject -which appears to have been by some very much -misunderstood.—The circumstance of inferiors of any -class of military men assembling for the purpose of -bestowing praise and public marks of approbation on -their superiors, implies a power of deliberation on -their conduct which belongs to the Sovereign alone, -or to those officers who may be intrusted with the -command and discipline of the troops. It is a procedure<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span> -equally objectionable whether in the higher -or lower ranks of the army; and as the Commander-in-Chief -cannot but regard it as a principle subversive -of military discipline, he trusts it is a practice -which will be for ever banished the British service: -and he directs commanding officers to act accordingly.</p> - -<p>"By command of the Right Honourable the Commander-in-Chief,</p> - -<p class="right">"<span class="smcap padr4">Harry Calvert,</span><br /> -"Adjutant-General."</p> - -<p class="p2" /> -<p>In the meantime the second battalion had embarked -from Cork to join the British army in Portugal under -Lieutenant-General Sir John Craddock; it landed at -Almeda, opposite to Lisbon, in April, and mustered -upwards of six hundred and fifty officers and men, commanded -by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir William Myers, -baronet: the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> and second battalion of the -fifty-third regiment, with one company of the sixtieth, -formed a brigade under Brigadier-General Alexander -Campbell. Soon afterwards Lieutenant-General Sir -Arthur Wellesley arrived in Portugal to command the -army.</p> - -<p>In May the combined British and Portuguese forces -advanced against the French under the celebrated -Marshal Soult, who had captured <em>Oporto</em> by assault about -five weeks previously, and occupied that city with a numerous -body of veterans. The British general advanced -upon Oporto, and the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> had the honour -of taking part in the masterly movements by which the -legions of Napoleon were driven from that city on the -12th of May, pursued through the wild and mountainous<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span> -districts in the north of Portugal, and forced to -abandon their artillery and ammunition, and to save -themselves by a precipitate flight.</p> - -<p>After this success the army retired to Abrantes, where -the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were encamped nearly three -weeks; they subsequently advanced into Spain to aid -the patriotic Spaniards in their attempts to expel the -French from their country, the British being joined by a -Spanish force under General Cuesta. Having entered -Spain, the army proceeded along the valley of the Tagus, -and halted near <em>Talavera de la Reyna</em>. The Spaniards -pushed forward, but were speedily driven back by the advance-guard -of the French army under Joseph Buonaparte, -who bore the title of King of Spain. A British -brigade covered the retreat of the Spaniards, and the -allied army went into position near Talavera, the Spaniards -occupying the strong ground on the right, and the -British extending to the left along the more exposed -part of the field. In the centre, between the two armies, -there was a commanding spot on which a redoubt -had been commenced, with some open ground in its -rear; at this important post the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were -stationed, with several other corps under Brigadier-General -Campbell, and they proved themselves worthy -of the trust reposed in them.</p> - -<p>The French attacked the left of the British position -on the evening of the 27th of July, and were repulsed. -The attack was renewed at daylight on the following -morning, and British skill and valour were again triumphant. -A short respite ensued while the French -generals held a council of war; but soon after mid-day -their army was seen in motion. The British stood to -their arms and calmly awaited the approach of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span> -hostile legions; a cloud of light troops covered the front -of the French army; they were followed by four dense -columns, protected by eighty guns; and the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -beheld the torrent of battle advancing towards them -with the fury of a tempest, threatening instant destruction -to all opposition. The fourth corps came rushing forward -with such impetuosity that it speedily cleared the -intersected ground in front, and attacked the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span> and other corps on the right of the British line -with terrific violence. The British regiments met the -storm of war with unshaken firmness, and breaking in -on the front of the advancing columns, and assailing their -wings with a heavy fire, forced them back with a terrible -carnage: the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> rushed gallantly forward -to the muzzles of the French artillery, and, after an obstinate -resistance, captured seven guns, which the enemy -endeavoured to re-capture, but in vain. The French -veterans rallied on their supports, and appeared resolute -on another attack, but they were assailed by so tremendous -a fire of artillery and musketry, that they retired -in disorder, and thus victory was secured in this -part of the field. Sir Arthur Wellesley observed in his -despatch,—"I was highly satisfied with the manner this -part of the position was defended;" he also mentioned -the second battalion of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, commanded -by Lieutenant-Colonel <span class="smcap">Sir William Myers</span>, among the -corps which had particularly distinguished themselves, -and thanked the battalion and its commanding officer -in orders. The French were repulsed at every point of -attack, and they withdrew from a contest in which the -superiority of the British troops was eminently displayed.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> had Lieutenant Beaufoy and -six rank and file killed; Lieutenants Kerwan and Muter,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> -Adjutant Page, one serjeant, two drummers, and fifty-one -rank and file wounded; one private soldier missing. -Their commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir William -Myers, was rewarded with a gold medal; and -the regiment was subsequently authorised to bear the -word "<span class="smcap">Talavera</span>" inscribed on its colours as an honorary -distinction for its gallantry on this occasion.</p> - -<p>In the subsequent part of this campaign the battalion -sustained considerable loss from disease; but it was not -engaged in actual conflict with the enemy.</p> - -<p>During the summer Lieutenant-Colonel the Honourable -<span class="smcap">Edward Michael Pakenham</span>, commanding the -first battalion in Nova Scotia, was placed on the staff -of the army in Portugal. The affable deportment, -amiable disposition, and liberality of this brave and -zealous officer, with his gallantry in the field, and his -assiduous attention to the interests, comfort, reputation, -and efficiency of the regiment during the series of -years he had served with the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, had -procured him the regard and esteem of every member -of the corps. Previously to his leaving the battalion, -the officers obtained his consent to have his -portrait taken, and presented him with a sword valued -at two hundred guineas, as a mark of their sincere -regard for him as an officer and a gentleman, and of their -admiration of his manly virtues and zeal for the service. -The command of the first battalion devolved on Brevet -Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Blakeney, who devoted himself -to the good of the service, and preserved the -battalion in its high state of discipline and efficiency; it -was employed at the out-posts of Nova Scotia, and occupied -George's Island, Melville Island, Point Pleasant, -York Redoubt, &c.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span></p> - -<div class="sidenote">1810</div> - -<p>On the 1st of January, 1810, the first battalion mustered -upwards of a thousand officers and soldiers, and -events occurred soon afterwards which occasioned the -removal of this fine body of men from North America to -the theatre of war in the Peninsula, where the Spaniards -and Portuguese were struggling for independence -against the forces of France, and where a British army -sent to aid the patriots was acquiring never-fading -laurels under Sir Arthur Wellesley, who had been -created Viscount Wellington.</p> - -<p>The French army in Spain having received numerous -reinforcements, a powerful and well-appointed force advanced -under Marshal Massena, Prince of Esling, to -complete the conquest of Portugal; and the very superior -numbers of the enemy rendered it necessary for the -British army to limit itself to the defence of Lisbon. -Lord Wellington, however, resolved to maintain a forward -position as long as possible, and among the reinforcements -sent to his aid was the first battalion of the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span>. On this occasion, Lieutenant-General Sir -George Prevost stated in orders:—"On the departure of -the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> the Lieutenant-General commanding -acknowledges with pride and pleasure that -this corps is an instance among British soldiers of the -union of regularity and good conduct in quarters with -patience and valour in the field of battle. Lieutenant-General -Sir George Prevost has that opinion of the -commanding officer, the officers, non-commissioned -officers, and privates of this already distinguished corps -which induces him to pronounce his confidence that -the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> will maintain their reputation -on whatever service they may be employed, and that -when called upon to face the enemy of their country,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span> -they will again add to their own fame, and exalt the -glory of the British arms."</p> - -<p>The first battalion landed at Lisbon on the 27th of -July, every man in health and under arms, and after a -short repose advanced up the country to join the army -in the field. On passing Thomar, the battalion halted a -few days, and was reviewed by Major-General Leith and -the Portuguese General, Miranda, who expressed their -admiration of the appearance of the officers and men, and -of the ease and steadiness with which they manœuvred -in battalion and performed light infantry movements. -After the review the battalion advanced to Villa Cortez; -and on the surrender of Almeida the army withdrew to -the rocks of <em>Busaco</em>, where it took up a position to oppose -the superior numbers of the enemy, whose commander -vaunted he would drive the English into the sea, and -plant the eagles of France on the towers of Lisbon. -The first battalion of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> was commanded -by Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney, and formed -in brigade with the seventy-ninth, under Colonel the -Honourable Edward M. Pakenham, in the first division -commanded by Lieutenant-General Sir Brent Spencer; -the second battalion was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel -Sir William Myers, Baronet.</p> - -<p>The British and Portuguese troops were in line on -the ridge of the lofty and precipitous hills of Busaco; -in front lay the army of Massena on another range of -heights, and the dark mountains were crowned with the -bivouac fires of the opposing bands. On the morning of -the 27th of September, as the light appeared, the fire -of musketry commenced between the advanced posts -stationed in the deep hollows which separated the two -armies: shortly afterwards the French columns of attack<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span> -appeared, and throwing forward crowds of skirmishers, -they speedily emerged from the hollow beneath, and -assailed the British position with that impetuosity which -distinguishes the first onset of French soldiers. They -were opposed by the unconquerable firmness of British -soldiers; the heads of columns were pierced by musketry, -and charged with the bayonet; and the formidable masses -of veteran Frenchmen were overthrown and driven down -the mountain sides with a terrible clamour and confusion, -leaving crowds of killed, wounded, and prisoners behind. -Being unable to overcome the steady valour of the British -infantry, the French commander desisted, and the allied -army stood triumphant on the contested heights. The -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were stationed on a portion of this -range of rocks which was not seriously attacked, and -their loss was limited to two private soldiers killed, Lieutenant -Mair, and twenty-two rank and file wounded. -Colonel Pakenham, commanding the brigade, was rewarded -with a gold medal. After this vain attempt to -force the rocks of Busaco, the French commander made -a flank movement to turn the left of his opponent's position; -when the allied army withdrew to the lines of -<em>Torres Vedras</em>, and there opposed a resistance which the -French marshal did not attempt to force.</p> - -<p>While the opposing armies confronted each other, several -sharp actions took place between the advanced posts; -and on the 13th of October a company of the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span> was ordered to drive back a reconnoitring -party of the enemy which had entered the village of <em>Burlada</em>, -situate between the two armies. This service was -performed with distinguished gallantry, and the French -were driven back at the point of the bayonet.</p> - -<p>After searching in vain for a vulnerable part in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> -British lines, the French commander, instead of driving -the English leopards into the sea, retired to the strong -position of Santarem; Lord Wellington advanced, and, -establishing a series of posts to watch his opponents, -placed his army in cantonments.</p> - -<p>The twenty-third, or Royal Welsh Fusiliers, having -arrived from America, the two battalions of the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span> -and first battalion of the twenty-third were constituted -a brigade under the command of Colonel the Honourable -Edward M. Pakenham: it was designated the "<span class="smcap">Fusilier -Brigade</span>," and attached to the fourth division commanded -by Major-General the Honourable Lowry Cole: -the first battalion of the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span> was commanded by -Lieutenant-Colonel Sir William Myers, and the second -by Lieut.-Colonel Blakeney.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1811</div> - -<p>In January, 1811, Colonel the Honourable E. M. Pakenham -was placed at the head of the Adjutant-General's department, -and the command of the <span class="smcap">Fusilier Brigade</span> -was intrusted to Major-General Houstoun. The brigade -was stationed, at this period, at Aveiras de Cima.</p> - -<p>At length disease, want of provisions, and the impregnable -lines of Torres Vedras, turned the vain boasting -of the French commander into defeat; he retraced his -steps towards Spain, covering wantonly, and with brutal -cruelty, the line of his retreat with rapine, bloodshed, -devastation, and burning villages. The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -moved forward in pursuit; several skirmishes occurred, -and, on the 12th of March, the brigade was in -line near <em>Redinha</em> (a town in the central part of Portugal, -in the province of Beira), and advancing to attack -the rear column of the French army under one of -Napoleon's most active and enterprising generals, <span class="smcap">Ney</span>; -but as the British ranks moved majestically forward in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> -firm array, the French fired a volley and instantly fled -under the cover of the smoke towards Condexia.</p> - -<p>In the meantime Marshal Soult, being at the head -of another French army, had captured <em>Badajoz</em>, the capital -of Spanish Estremadura; also <em>Olivenza</em>, another fortified -town on the west frontier of Spain; and a detachment -from his army had besieged <em>Campo Mayor</em>, a barrier -fortress of Portugal, in the province of Alemtejo; and -on the 14th of March the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were detached -to the Alemtejo, to join the forces under Marshal Sir -William Carr Beresford, and take part in the relief of -Campo Mayor, and in the re-capture of Badajoz and -Olivenza. While on the march, Campo Mayor surrendered; -and the British, continuing their route, arrived -before the town on the 25th of March, as the French -columns were marching out, when the thirteenth light -dragoons and some Portuguese cavalry charged with -great gallantry, and threw the enemy into confusion.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were stationed at Campo Mayor -about a fortnight, and were subsequently employed in the -siege of <em>Olivenza</em>, which was terminated in seven days -by the surrender of the garrison on the 15th of April. -The loss of the regiment was limited to one man killed -and one wounded.</p> - -<p>This success was followed by the siege of the strong -fortress of <em>Badajoz</em>, situated on a beautiful plain on the -Guadiana,—a noble river five hundred yards broad; -and the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were employed in this service. -Marshal Soult, who had retired after the capture of this -fortress in March, quitted Seville, and, assembling a -powerful force, advanced to its relief. The allied army -turned the siege into a blockade, and moving forward to -meet the advancing foe, took up a position at <em>Albuhera</em>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> -The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> formed part of the blockading -force, but were subsequently ordered to join the army; -and they arrived in position about nine o'clock on the -morning of the 16th of May, at the moment when the -French were advancing to commence one of the most -obstinate and sanguinary actions in which British troops -were ever engaged. The <span class="smcap">Fusilier Brigade</span>, commanded -by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir <span class="smcap">William Myers</span>, -of the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span>, was ordered to form in an oblique -line behind the right; the first battalion of the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span> -was commanded by Major John Mervin Nooth, and the -second by Lieut.-Colonel Edward Blakeney.</p> - -<p>Being favoured by a height which the allies had neglected -to occupy, the French commander concentrated -behind it fifteen thousand men and forty guns, within -ten minutes' march of the right wing of the allied army, -without his opponent's knowledge; at the same time he -extended the remainder of his forces along the woody -banks of the Feria, towards its confluence with the Albuhera. -A little before nine on the morning of the 16th -of May, these troops issued from the woods in one massive -column, supported by a second, flanked by cavalry -and preceded by artillery, and attacked the bridge, -where they met with a formidable resistance. The -British general, anticipating the principal effort would -be against his right, directed the Spaniards under General -Blake to change front, and the second division to -support them: but the Spanish general delaying to execute -the movement, the enemy was among his troops -before they were completely formed. A destructive -cannonade, a heavy fire of musketry, and the approach -of some French squadrons menacing to charge, put the -Spaniards into disorder, and they fell back fighting.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> -The French columns pushed forward; their reserves -mounted the heights in their rear, and their batteries -were brought into line.</p> - -<p>The retrograde of the Spaniards laid open the position -of the allied army, and the only good road by which -a retreat could be conducted was exposed. To remedy -this disaster, the leading brigade of the second division -rushed forward; it was speedily under a destructive fire; -a heavy rain concealing distant objects; and four regiments -of French lancers and hussars having turned the -right flank in the obscurity, charged the British battalions -in the rear at the moment when they developed -their attack, and slew or took prisoners nearly two-thirds -of their numbers: one battalion, being in column, maintained -its ground, while the French horsemen overthrew -all other opposition, and captured six guns. A lancer -attacked Marshal Beresford, who pushed the lance aside, -and, grappling with the lancer, threw him from his horse. -Another British brigade came boldly into the fight, repelling -a charge of lancers on its flank; the remaining -brigade of the second division arrived; a Spanish corps -moved forward, and the enemy's infantry recoiled; but -soon recovering, renewed the conflict with greater violence -than before. The fighting became vehement, and more -than two-thirds of every British corps engaged had fallen, -when their ammunition began to fail, and the enemy established -a column in advance upon the right flank. The -tide of success was evidently flowing in favour of the -French, when the fourth division was ordered to the heat -of the conflict, and a brigade of the second division, -which had only been slightly engaged, rushed forward -into the fight. At this moment a number of captured -British soldiers were being hurried to the rear of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span> -French army; the enemy's reserves were pushing forward -to reinforce their front;—the field was covered -with heaps of dead bodies;—the lancers were riding -furiously about the upper part of the hill spearing -wounded men, and six pieces of artillery were in the -hands of the French.</p> - -<p>A crisis had arrived, and a mighty—a determined—a -desperate—effort alone could save the allied army from -defeat; at this critical moment Major-General Sir Lowry -Cole led the <span class="smcap">Fusilier Brigade</span> up the contested heights -to stem the torrent of battle and wrest the palm of victory -from Napoleon's veteran legions. The <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span>—admired -for their appearance—applauded for their -order and discipline—moved forward with a resolute -step to confront a host of foes; they felt the importance -of the task which devolved upon them, and knew the -high character of the troops they had to contend with; -and national pride,—an <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">esprit de corps</i>,—a noble enthusiasm -to rival the regiments which triumphed at Busaco,—and -to exceed their own achievements at Martinique and -Talavera,—animated every breast; they were flanked by -a battalion of the Lusitanian legion; and mounting the -hill at the moment when a regiment of Spanish cavalry -was fleeing before a body of French dragoons, they soon -drove the lancers from the contested height, and recovered -five of the captured guns. Encouraged by this -presage of victory, the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> marched sternly onward -in line, over heaps of killed and wounded, to encounter -three heavy columns of French infantry, supported -by cavalry and artillery, and each column mustering -about twice the numbers of the <span class="smcap">Fusilier Brigade</span>.</p> - -<p>Gallantly issuing from amidst the smoke and broken -fragments of discomfited corps, the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> marched<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> -with a firm and solemn step over the carcases of men -and horses which obstructed their way, and their bearing -was that of men determined to decide the fortune of a -battle. The French columns were pressing onward to -complete the overthrow of the allied army, when suddenly -the surprising spectacle of a majestic line of <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> -burst upon their sight; they halted; fired a volley; -then endeavoured to deploy; and their numerous -artillery sent a storm of bullets against the British ranks. -The commander of the brigade, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir -<span class="smcap">William Myers</span> of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, was killed; -the commander of the division, Major-General Sir -<span class="smcap">Lowry Cole</span>, Lieutenant-Colonel <span class="smcap">Blakeney</span>, commanding -a battalion of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, and a number -of other officers, fell wounded; the colour staves of the -<span class="smcap">Seventh</span> were shattered, and the colours torn; at the -same time chasms were rent in the ranks of the brigade; -a momentary pause ensued: but instantly recovering, -the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> braved the tempest of iron and lead, and -boldly confronted the fierce and numerous bands opposed -to them. As the smoke cleared, the French beheld a -line of bayonets coming upon them, and the next moment, -the thundering volleys of the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> broke -the heads of formations. The French commander urged -his veterans forward; individuals, spurred on by an -unavailing intrepidity, sacrificed their lives to gain time -for their companions to deploy;—the columns responded -to the calls of their leader, and, striving to extricate -themselves, fired on friends and foes;—the lancers on -the flanks threatened to charge; but British intrepidity -could not be shaken;—the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> knew not how to -quail! The brigade preserved its firm array; the murderous -volleys of the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> swept down hundreds -of Frenchmen, and suddenly raising a loud shout, they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span> -precipitated themselves upon the opposing multitudes, -and plunging fearlessly into the crowds, they closed -with desperate energy upon their opponents. The -fortune of the day was no longer doubtful; British -prowess prevailed, and the French were overpowered, -slaughtered, and forced back in irremediable confusion -upon their reserves. The supporting columns endeavoured -to stem the torrent of British valour; but in -vain;—the whole were driven headlong down the ascent;—the -key of the position was thus nobly recovered, and -the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span>,—breathless,—besmeared with sweat and -mud and gore,—stood triumphant upon the contested -height, surrounded with heaps of dying and dead, and -wondering at the brilliant success which crowned their -manly efforts.</p> - -<p>While the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> were contending on the height, -fresh men were brought forward; the French generals -perceived that the day was irretrievably lost, and withdrew -their broken masses beyond the river.<a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> Numerous -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span>instances of individual gallantry occurred, and Serjeant -Gough of the first battalion having recovered the regimental<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span> -colour of the third foot, or buffs, which corps -had been nearly annihilated by the charge of the lancers,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span> -was rewarded with a commission in the second West -India regiment.</p> - -<p>To the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, the honour of having -triumphed over superior numbers of Napoleon's veteran -bands, and the glory of having added lustre to the -British arms, were justly due; but the splendour of -victory was shrouded with grief at the loss of many -brave officers and soldiers. Among others, the fall of -their commander, the brave, the chivalrous Sir <span class="smcap">William -Myers</span>, caused a sense of deep sorrow. His career, -though short, had been brilliant; his manners were -those of a finished gentleman and scholar, and every -action was marked with the enthusiasm of a soldier -whose noblest pride was his profession, and whose -solicitude was always alive to the interests and honour -of his corps. At the early age of twenty-eight he -closed a life of honour in a death of glory.</p> - -<p>Return of killed and wounded of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -at the battle of <span class="smcap">Albuhera</span>.</p> - -<div class="center fs80"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="95%" summary=""> -<tr class="fs80"><td class="tdr">Battalion.</td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdr">Officers.</td><td class="tdr">Sergeants.</td><td class="tdr">Drummers.</td><td class="tdr">Rank & File.</td><td class="tdry">Total.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdry">1st.</td><td class="tdl">{ Killed</td><td class="tdry">5</td><td class="tdry">3</td><td class="tdry">..</td><td class="tdry">59</td><td class="tdry">67</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdry"></td><td class="tdl">{ Wounded</td><td class="tdry">10</td><td class="tdry">14</td><td class="tdry">..</td><td class="tdry">263</td><td class="tdry">287</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdry">2nd.</td><td class="tdl">{ Killed</td><td class="tdry">3</td><td class="tdry">1</td><td class="tdry">..</td><td class="tdry">46</td><td class="tdry">50</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdry"></td><td class="tdl">{ Wounded</td><td class="tdry">14</td><td class="tdry">16</td><td class="tdry">1</td><td class="tdry">270</td><td class="tdry">301</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdry"></td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdry">——</td><td class="tdry">——</td><td class="tdry">——</td><td class="tdry">——</td><td class="tdry">——</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdry"></td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdry">32</td><td class="tdry">34</td><td class="tdry">1</td><td class="tdry">638</td><td class="tdry">705</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<p>Names of officers of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> present at -the battle of Albuhera.</p> - -<div class="center fs80"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="95%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4" colspan="2"><em>First Battalion.</em></td><td class="tdl pad4" colspan="2"><em>Second Battalion.</em></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Lieut.-Col. Sir William Myers, killed.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Major Edw. Blakeney, Lieut.-Col., wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Major J. M. Nooth.</td><td class="tdl">Captain</td><td class="tdl">Wm. Despard.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Captains</td><td class="tdl">Thos. Woodridge.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">G. Erek, killed.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Wm. F. Cholwich, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Jno. Orr, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Geo. King.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">A. Fernie.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Jas. Singer, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Henry Tarleton, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> - Jno. Crowder, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Richard Magines, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Lieutenant</td><td class="tdl">Hy. Prevost, killed.</td><td class="tdc"></td><td class="tdl"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">A. C. Wylly.</td><td class="tdl"> Lieut.</td><td class="tdl">Jno. Healy, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Thos. Moultrie, killed.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Holt Archer, killed.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Jno. Mair.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Edward Penrice, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Chas. J. Wemyss, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Wm. Payne.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Paul St. Paul.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">W. A. Pyke.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">S. B. Johnstone, killed.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Ed. Irwin, killed.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc"></td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Tho. F. Wray, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">T. T. A. Mullins, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Thos. Hartley.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Digby Mackworth.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">H. R. Wallace.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">T. Moses, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Wm. Green.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Anth. Baldwin.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Jos. Hutchison.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Jas. Anderson.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">T. Y. Lester, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">H. F. Devey.</td><td class="tdc"></td><td class="tdl"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">G. Henry, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Geo. Seton, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">John Ormsby.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Chas. Lorentz, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">H. J. Jones, killed.</td><td class="tdc"></td><td class="tdl"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">E. Morgan, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">M. Orr, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Pitt Hannam.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Wm. Dalgairnes.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Johnson, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">J. B. Fraser, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">F. Gibbons, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Jno. F. Holden, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Adjutant Jas. Hay.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Acting Adjutant T. Meagher, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Pay-Master Jno. Armstrong.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Pay-Master T. Berkeley.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Quarter-Master Jno. Hogan.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Quarter-Master Crawford.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Assistant Surgeon Wm. Armstrong.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Surgeon J. Williamson.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">M. Mahony.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Assistant Surgeon Duigenan.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc"></td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Sweney.</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<p class="p1" /> -<p>The list of killed and wounded, containing about seven -hundred officers and soldiers, proclaims with dreadful -eloquence the sanguinary character of the contest in -which the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were engaged. Their -heroic conduct was subsequently rewarded with the -privilege of bearing the word "<span class="smcap">Albuhera</span>" inscribed on -their colours. Major Blakeney was promoted to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span> -lieutenant-colonelcy vacant by the death of Sir William -Myers; Major Nooth was rewarded with the rank of -lieutenant-colonel in the army, and Captain Despard -(who succeeded to the command of the second battalion -after the fall of Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney), with -that of major. A gold clasp was sent to the relatives -of Sir William Myers; Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney -was rewarded with a gold clasp, and Major Nooth and -Captain Despard with gold medals.</p> - -<p>After the battle, the brigade was attached to the remains -of the second division commanded by Major-General the -Honourable William Stewart, whose estimation of the -conduct of the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> is attested by the following -letter.</p> - -<p class="p1 right">"<em>Almandrelejo, 26th May, 1811.</em></p> - -<p class="smcap noindent">"Sir,</p> - -<p>"As you have been so kind as to permit me to transmit -to you the names of the officers of my division -who commanded corps on the 16th instant, it may not be -deemed irregular if, during the absence of Major-General -Cole, I forward to you the names of the officers -of the <span class="smcap">Fusilier Brigade</span> who were similarly situated.</p> - -<p>"The remains of that <em>gallant corps</em> having been attached -to the second division, immediately after the action of -<em>Albuhera</em>, and the major-general of the second division -having been obliged to leave the field from a wound, -I am induced to lay before you, for such favourable -report on the subject as you may deem expedient to -the Commander of the Forces, the enclosed returns -which have been put in my possession by the officer -now in command of the <span class="smcap">Fusilier Brigade</span>, and who -commanded the same in action, after the successive -incapacity from wounds of his four senior officers.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> -<em>I am afraid lest by further delay the exertions of that brigade -be not sufficiently known.</em> From the circumstance -of the <span class="smcap">Fusilier Brigade</span> having been joined with my -third brigade in the hard-fought defence of our centre -position for above three hours, and from the severe loss -sustained by the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> on the spot, and from the -<em>testimony of the surrounding allied army</em>, I feel myself -authorised in stating that <em>the conduct of the Fusilier -Brigade on the 16th instant was admirable, and such as -effectually secured the victory of that day</em>.</p> - -<p>"It is a duty, moreover, which I owe to the brave -soldiers under my temporary command, to report that -the second division is indebted to the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -for the recapture of a six pounder, and of a regimental -colour of the third, or buffs, both of which had been -lost in the too successful attack of the enemy's cavalry, -on my first brigade, in the beginning of that day.</p> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="padr6">"I am, &c.</span><br /> -<span class="padr2 smcap">"William Stewart,</span><br /> -"Major-General.</p> - -<p class="noindent">"To Marshal Beresford."</p> - -<p class="p1" /> -<p>Both battalions having sustained so severe a loss, the -second battalion transferred its men to the first, and the -officers and staff serjeants returned to England to recruit.</p> - -<p>After the victory at Albuhera the siege of <em>Badajoz</em> was -resumed, the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span> forming part of the covering army. -A concentration of the enemy's force having taken place, -the allies withdrew behind the Caya, where they awaited -the attack of their opponents. The French generals had -drained the provinces of troops to assemble a powerful -army; but the stern character of British soldiers had been -proved, and, having relieved Badajoz, they retired without -hazarding an engagement.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span></p> - -<p>The allied army broke up from the Caya in July, and -the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> moved towards the northern frontiers -of Portugal; they halted a short period at the village -of Aldea de Santa Margaritta, and afterwards marched to -Aldea de Bispo. Meanwhile Lord Wellington blockaded -<em>Ciudad Rodrigo</em>.</p> - -<p>Marshal Marmont assembled sixty thousand men, and -advanced to relieve Ciudad Rodrigo. Lord Wellington's -forces were not sufficiently numerous to warrant his hazarding -a general engagement, excepting under very advantageous -circumstances; he however held his positions; -and on the 25th of September the <span class="smcap">Fusilier Brigade</span>, -under Major-General the Honourable E. M. Pakenham, -advanced to sustain a small body of troops under Major-Generals -Colville and Alten, which had been attacked at -<em>El Bodon</em> by forty squadrons of French cavalry and fourteen -battalions of infantry with cannon. This portion of -the allied army having retrograded, the French cavalry -menaced the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span>; but were deterred charging by -the steady and determined countenance of the brigade.</p> - -<p>During the night Lord Wellington strengthened his -position; but afterwards withdrew to a post twelve miles -behind Guinaldo. The enemy coming forward with -overwhelming numbers, his lordship withdrew during the -night of the 26th of September, covered by the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> -and a body of cavalry.</p> - -<p>The French, pressing the British rear during the retrograde -movement on the 27th of September, attacked -the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span>, who were halted on a height behind the -village of <em>Aldea de Pont</em>. Lord Wellington directed the -<span class="smcap">Seventh</span> to charge in line down the hill, and supported -them with some Portuguese infantry. The <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span> dashed forward in line with the steadiness of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> -old soldiers at a review, routed the French, and drove -them down the height, to the admiration of all present; -Lord Wellington witnessed the firm conduct of the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span>, and expressed his approbation of their steady -and gallant bearing. The French were afterwards repulsed -in an attempt to turn the flank of the brigade by a -wood: the twenty-third Fusiliers and Portuguese Caçadores -turned the French left, and Aldea de Pont was -again occupied by the allies. It was, however, subsequently -abandoned, and the army went into position on -the Coa. The French withdrew, and the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -went into quarters at Villa Ciervo. The regiment -had been joined, a short time before, by three hundred -and sixty-four young soldiers from England: its loss at -Aldea de Pont was nine men killed; Captain Wylly, -Lieutenants Barrington, Wallace, and Seaton, one Serjeant, -and thirty-six private soldiers wounded.<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a></p> - -<div class="sidenote">1812</div> - -<p>On the 1st of January, 1812, the first battalion mustered -upwards of thirteen hundred officers and soldiers, -and it was immediately afterwards employed in the siege -of <em>Ciudad Rodrigo</em>, which was undertaken in the winter. -This fortress was captured by storm during the night of -the 19th of January, 1812, while the French marshal was -assembling an army to advance to its relief. The loss of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> -the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, during the siege, was limited to -two men killed and eight wounded. After the capture -of Ciudad Rodrigo the regiment remained at the village -of Cileçes el Chico, where it was detained several days -by the swelling of the Agueda from heavy rains: it subsequently -retired and went into cantonments.</p> - -<p>After withdrawing from before Ciudad Rodrigo, the -regiment was allowed only a short period of repose -before it was called upon to march to Spanish Estremadura, -to take part in wresting the strong fortress of -<em>Badajoz</em> from the enemy. Leaving its cantonments near -Fuentes d'Onor on the 27th of February, it proceeded -southwards; boats were laid over the Guadiana on the -15th of March, and on the following day Badajoz was -invested by the third, fourth, and light divisions; the -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, forming part of the fourth division, -were engaged in the siege. The batteries were opened, -and, notwithstanding the sallies of the French garrison -under the resolute General Phillipon, inundations from -heavy rains, and other obstructions, practicable breaches -were ready in the early part of April; and on the evening -of the 6th of that month the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were -under arms to take part in the storming of that stupendous -fortress. The fourth and light divisions were to march -against the breaches; the light division was to assault -the bastion of Santa Maria, and the fourth, the Trinidad, -with the breach in the curtain connecting the two bastions; -one body of the grenadiers of the fourth division, -under Captain John Mair, of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, -led the attack against the bastion of Trinidad; and -another body, under Captain William Francis Cholwick, -also of the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span>, led the assault on the breach in -the curtain.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span></p> - -<p>Moving silently from their camp-ground along the -left of the river Rivillas and the inundations, the fourth -and light divisions made a short detour, and arrived at -the glacis at the moment the third division attacked the -castle. Ladders were placed, and about five hundred -men of the light division had descended into the ditch -with the most heroic bravery, cheering as they went, -when suddenly a loud report like thunder was heard, -and the storming parties were blown to pieces by the -explosion of hundreds of shells and powder barrels. -Undismayed by this terrific destruction, the men of the -light and fourth divisions raised a loud shout and plunged -into the ditch, where many men perished in the inundations; -others, after overcoming numerous difficulties, -approached the breach exposed to a most destructive -fire. As they ascended, loose planks studded with sharp -iron points wounded their feet and produced great -mischief, and a range of sword-blades with sharp points -and keen-edges, firmly fixed in beams chained together -and set deep in the ruins, arrested the progress of the -soldiers; at the same time a terrible fire of musketry -thinned their ranks. Again the assailants rushed up the -breaches with the most determined resolution; but the -sword-blades stopped their career, and the thundering -powder-barrels and hissing shells exploded continually. -Numerous and astonishing efforts of valour and intrepidity -were made, and the most heroic bravery displayed, -yet the obstacles were such as could not be overcome; -and about midnight, when two thousand brave soldiers -had fallen, the survivors received orders to retire, and -re-form for a second attack. In the meantime the -third division had captured the castle, and a brigade -had carried the bastion of San Vincente; the town was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span> -thus forced; partial actions afterwards took place in -various places; and the governor escaped to the fort of -St. Christoval, where he surrendered. Thus, by the -union of ability, energy, and valour, two important -fortresses were captured in three months, in the face of -two French armies: the British commander was enabled -to enlarge the sphere of his operations, and these successes -appeared as the first rays of the coming glory -which was about to shine resplendently on the British -arms.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were subsequently honoured -with the royal authority to bear the word "<span class="smcap">Badajoz</span>" -on their colours; Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney and -Captain John Mair received medals; but the regiment -had to regret the loss of many brave men; the -casualties among the officers were so great that the command -of the division devolved on a major, all the general -officers and lieutenant-colonels being wounded. -The loss of the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span> may be seen in the following -returns.</p> - -<p>List of the Officers of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> at the -siege of <span class="smcap">Badajoz</span>.</p> - -<div class="center fs80"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="95%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Blakeney, wounded.</td><td class="tdl">Lieutenant</td><td class="tdl">Paul St. Paul, killed.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Major James Singer, killed.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">T. Moses, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Captain</td><td class="tdl">Wm. F. Cholwick, killed.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">A. Baldwin, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">George King.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">James Anderson.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">A. C. Wylly.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">H. F. Devey, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">John Mair, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">G. Henry, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">W. M. Hamerton.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Pitt Hannam.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl"><a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a>Robt. Cuthbert, killed.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">W. A. Pyke, killed.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Lieutenant</td><td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span> - Charles Barrington, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">John George, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">T. F. Wray, killed.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Adjutant James Hay.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">T. Hartley, wounded.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Quarter-Master John Hogan.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">R. F. Fowler, killed.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Surgeon Wm. Armstrong.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">H. R. Wallace.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Assistant-Surgeon Martin Mahony.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">T. Y. Lester, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">William Williams.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">R. Knowles, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Honourable F. Russel, wounded.</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<div class="p2 center fs80"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr class="fs80"><td class="tdr"></td><td class="tdr">Officers.</td><td class="tdr">Serjeants.</td><td class="tdr">Drummers.</td><td class="tdr">Rank & File.</td><td class="tdry">Total.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Killed</td><td class="tdry">7</td><td class="tdry">2</td><td class="tdry">..</td><td class="tdry">57</td><td class="tdry">66</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Wounded</td><td class="tdry">11</td><td class="tdry">12</td><td class="tdry">..</td><td class="tdry">143</td><td class="tdry">166</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdry">——</td><td class="tdry">——</td><td class="tdr padr1">——</td><td class="tdry">——</td><td class="tdry">——</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Total</td><td class="tdry">18</td><td class="tdry">14</td><td class="tdry">..</td><td class="tdry">200</td><td class="tdry">232</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<p class="p1" /> -<p>From Estremadura the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> retraced -their steps to the Agueda, and the army, advancing into -Spain in June, drove the French from Salamanca. The -inhabitants of this city illuminated their houses, shouted, -sang, and wept for joy as the British troops took up a -position on the mountain of St. Christoval, about five -miles in advance; at the same time the forts (fortified -convents) at Salamanca were besieged.</p> - -<p>The French general, Marmont, advanced with a -powerful army, and a series of manœuvres followed; but -he was unable to relieve the forts, and they fell into the -hands of the allies towards the end of June, when he withdrew -beyond the Douro, followed by Lord Wellington.</p> - -<p>On the night of the 16th of July the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -marched to <em>Castrejon</em>, to which place the fourth -and light division and a brigade of cavalry proceeded, -preparatory to the assembling of the army on the Guarena; -but the French commander, having been reinforced, -passed the Douro, and attacked the troops at -Castrejon on the morning of the 18th of July. Some -sharp skirmishing occurred, and the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span></span> -had two men killed and fourteen wounded; but this -small body of British, being opposed to the whole French -army, withdrew behind the Guarena. A series of -manœuvres brought the allied army back to the position -of St. Christoval, in front of <em>Salamanca</em>, in the vicinity -of which city the two armies confronted each other on -the 22nd of July.</p> - -<p>In the early part of this day about five hundred French -gained possession of a village in front of the fourth division, -and Captain <span class="smcap">John Crowder</span> advanced with two -companies of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> to dislodge them, -which service was performed with such distinguished -firmness and resolution, that Lord Wellington, who witnessed -the affair, requested to know the name of the -officer, and Captain <span class="smcap">Crowder</span> was rewarded with the -rank of major in the army.</p> - -<p>During the day, as the enemy attempted to gain the -road leading to Ciudad Rodrigo, his left wing was -separated, during a complicated manœuvre, from the remainder -of his army; Lord Wellington was watching the -movements of his opponents from the summit of a rock, -and, detecting the fault, ordered his divisions to attack. -Thus the two armies came in contact under circumstances -which proved the superior abilities of the British commander; -the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, under Major John -Walwin Beatty, were soon hotly engaged, and they -steadily gained ground on the French forces opposed to -them, driving their opponents from one height to another. -Eventually a numerous body of French made a determined -stand against the fourth division; but after a -severe contest they were obliged to give way. An eminence -in the centre of the enemy's position, on which he -had planted thirty pieces of artillery, was carried by the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span> -<span class="smcap">Fusilier Brigade</span> with the most distinguished gallantry. -Finally the French were overthrown and driven from the -field with great loss; and they were indebted to the -darkness of the night, the advantage of a thick wood, -and other circumstances, for the safety of those who -escaped the field of battle.</p> - -<p><em>List of Officers of the</em> <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> <em>at the Battle of</em> -<span class="smcap">Salamanca</span>.</p> - -<div class="center fs80"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="95%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl">Major</td><td class="tdl">J. W. Beatty.</td><td class="tdl">Lieutenant</td><td class="tdl">R. Nantes, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad3">"</td><td class="tdl">Geo. King.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">H. R. Wallace, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Captain</td><td class="tdl">Jno. Crowder.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">J. Hutchinson, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Geo. Prescott, killed.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">D. Cameron.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">H. English.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">R. Knowles, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">W. M. Hamerton, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">E. W. Bell.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Lieutenant</td><td class="tdl">A. Baldwin.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Adjutant James Hay, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Jas. Anderson.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Surgeon J. Williamson.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">G. Henry, wounded.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Assistant Surgeon M. Mahony.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">P. Hannam, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">W. Williams.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Johnson, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">T. Hartley, wounded.</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<div class="p2 center fs80"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr class="fs80"><td class="tdr"></td><td class="tdr">Officers.</td><td class="tdr">Serjeants.</td><td class="tdr">Drummers.</td><td class="tdr">Rank & File.</td><td class="tdry">Total.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Killed</td><td class="tdry">1</td><td class="tdry">2</td><td class="tdry">..</td><td class="tdry">17</td><td class="tdry">20</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Wounded</td><td class="tdry">11</td><td class="tdry">6</td><td class="tdry">..</td><td class="tdry">162</td><td class="tdry">179</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdry">——</td><td class="tdry">——</td><td class="tdry padr1">——</td><td class="tdry">——</td><td class="tdry">——</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Total</td><td class="tdry">12</td><td class="tdry">8</td><td class="tdry">..</td><td class="tdry">179</td><td class="tdry">199</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<p>The distinguished bravery of the regiment on this -occasion was subsequently rewarded with the royal authority -to bear the word "<span class="smcap">Salamanca</span>" inscribed on its -colours; and Major Beatty was presented with a gold -medal.</p> - -<p>Following up the advantages gained on the plains of -Salamanca, the army advanced boldly into the heart of -Spain, and the French were driven from Madrid, at which -city Lord Wellington arrived on the 12th of August -amidst the joyful acclamations of the people. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were stationed at Madrid, and afterwards -occupied quarters for about eight weeks at the -fine palace of the Escurial, about twenty-two miles from -Madrid, from whence they were removed in the early -part of October to Val de Moro and Campo; meanwhile -the siege of Burgos had been undertaken by the main -body of the allied army. The concentration of the -enemy's forces having given him so great a superiority -of numbers that a retrograde movement was necessary -on the part of the British commander, the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span> quitted Val de Moro and Campo, and the -troops retired on Salamanca. The army went into position; -but on the enemy menacing the communication with -Ciudad Rodrigo, the allies withdrew to the Agueda, the -soldiers suffering extreme hardship from the want of food -and inclement weather. The fourth division moved to -St. Joā de Pisquiera, where the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -remained until the beginning of the following year.<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a></p> - -<div class="sidenote">1813</div> - -<p>On the 1st of January, 1813, the battalion mustered -upwards of twelve hundred men, including about three -hundred in hospital from wounds, &c. On the 3rd -of that month sixteen serjeants and three hundred and -eleven rank and file joined from England; on the 7th -the battalion moved to Arvidiza, and in February to -Castello Melhor on the right bank of the Coa, where -it remained until the army took the field in May.</p> - -<p>Advancing from the banks of the Coa towards the -interior of Spain, the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> once more -confronted the legions of Napoleon; the battalion was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span> -strong in numbers, bringing into the field a fine body of -men on whose natural strength and valour the qualities -of order, subordination, and discipline had been engrafted, -which rendered them fit for any service.</p> - -<p>By a daring advance the French were once more -driven from Salamanca; by combinations evincing -consummate skill, and by efforts of an extraordinary -character, the enemy's positions on the Douro were -turned; the field was then clear for the shock of battle, -and the British commander, seeing the way of victory -open, ordered forward his divisions; but the French -evaded the torrent of war, and withdrew behind the -Pisuerga, and afterwards behind the Ebro. Pressing -onward with a conquering violence, the allied army -traversed rocks and mountains, and marched through -regions deemed impracticable for an army, and the French -were forced back upon Vittoria, where they prepared -for a determined effort to stem the tide of war.</p> - -<p>Arriving at the Bayas on the 19th of June, the British -found a division of the French army posted behind the -river, and an action was commenced. The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -were directed to attack the village of <em>Montevite</em>. -Approaching this rural seclusion through a rocky mountainous -country, abounding with trees, the foliage of -which concealed their advance, they arrived close to the -village unperceived; a few musket-shots alarmed the -French, who instantly fled, leaving their cooking utensils -and dinner on the fire, and some arms and accoutrements. -The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> pursued, some skirmishing took -place, and several men fell in the conflict. The loss of -the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span> was limited to three wounded. The enemy -was driven from the position on the Bayas, and forced -back upon the Zadora.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span></p> - -<p>From the banks of the Bayas the allied army advanced -on the morning of the 21st of June, to fight the French -under Joseph Buonaparte in position in front of <em>Vittoria</em>. -The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> formed part of the force destined -for the attack of the enemy's centre under the immediate -direction of Lord Wellington. They moved from Montevite -down by Olabarre, along the valley in the centre. -The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> advanced in line under fire, -through fields of corn more than breast high, the French -retreating before them; and they overcame numerous -obstructions and difficulties with a regularity which -excited great admiration. Arriving at the Zadora, they -were posted opposite the bridge of Nanclares; and -when ordered to cross the bridge they sprang forward -with cheerful alacrity and perfect order. The French -were eventually driven from the field with the loss of -their artillery, baggage, and an immense quantity of -treasure. Many soldiers of different corps quitted their -ranks to plunder; but it was observed that, when the -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, pursuing the enemy, passed the -French baggage and treasure-waggons, they were so -impressed with a sense of the necessity of preserving -order, so accustomed to perfect obedience, and jealous -of the honour of their corps, that they refrained from -irregularities, and followed the enemy with unbroken -ranks. A decisive victory was gained: and the excellent -conduct of the regiment was rewarded with the honour -of bearing the word "<span class="smcap">Vittoria</span>" on its colours. Lieutenant-Colonel -Blakeney was also rewarded with an -honorary distinction. The loss of the battalion was only -two men killed and two wounded.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> pursued the French army in -the direction of <em>Pampeluna</em>, and when the enemy had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span> -effected his escape through the Pyrenean mountains, they -were employed in the blockade of Pampeluna, a fortress -of great strength, and provided with an efficient garrison. -They were, however, soon relieved from this duty, and -detached against a French division under General Clausel, -which was at Logroño when the battle of Vittoria was -fought; after a forced march of six days the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> -halted;—the enemy having effected his escape by the -pass of Jaca. The regiment afterwards returned to the -vicinity of Pampeluna, where it remained a few days, -and subsequently penetrated the Pyrenean mountains; -the fourth division taking post at Viscayret, in the valley -of Urroz, and the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> being at Espinal, -two miles in advance.</p> - -<p>Thus the British army, after years of toil and conflict, -endured to procure liberty for the oppressed inhabitants -of the Peninsula, had forced the intrusive monarch of -Spain from his throne, and stood triumphant on the lofty -pinnacles of the <em>Pyrenees</em>; but another mighty struggle -was at hand, in which the innate valour and hardihood of -the British soldiers were about to be tested. The French -army had been re-organized by Marshal Soult, who -pushed his divisions boldly forward to drive the British -from the mountains. The enemy having made a demonstration -of an attack on the front posts, two companies of -the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> advanced on the 24th of July to a -height westward of Roncesvalles, where they were joined -by the remainder of the battalion during the night; on -the following morning the enemy attacked Major-General -Byng's post in Roncesvalles, and the fourth division was -ordered to advance. A detachment of the twentieth regiment -evinced signal gallantry in its attacks on the -head of a French column; but was forced back by superior<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span> -numbers. Some sharp fighting occurred during the -day, and the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> had Lieutenant Knowles -and six men killed; one serjeant and twenty-three rank -and file wounded. The British maintained their positions -during the day; but being opposed to very superior numbers, -they withdrew after sunset: the <span class="smcap">Fusilier Brigade</span> -being in the rear of the column, under Major-General -Ross, the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span> underwent a night of incessant toil -and intense anxiety among the mountains. At day-light -they fell in with posts of Major-General Byng's brigade, -and the retrograde movement was continued, with -short intermissions, until the allies gained a position in -front of Pampeluna, where a determined stand was made.</p> - -<p>Posted on the heights in front of the village of Villalba, -the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> awaited the approach of their opponents, -resolving to perform their duty to their King -and country in whatever circumstances they might be -placed. Privations, and violent rains soaking the bleak -hills, on which the soldiers were posted without any -shelter, did not damp their courage, and on the 28th of -June they witnessed the approach of the massy columns -of the enemy without dismay. The heights occupied by -the fourth division were attacked with great fury: the -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were hotly engaged, and sternly, and -with sanguinary tenacity, was the ground contested. -Appalling shouts smote the ears of the French soldiers -as they stormed the position, and the next moment ranks -of British bayonets met them in mid-onset, and in the -shock of steel the French soldiers were forced back with -a horrid carnage. Four times the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> precipitated -themselves on the hosts of opponents which -assailed their post, and on every occasion they proved -victorious. The Marquis of Wellington observed in his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span> -despatch:—"In the course of this contest the gallant -fourth division, which has so frequently been distinguished -in this army, surpassed their former good conduct. -Every regiment charged with the bayonet,—the -fortieth, the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span>, twentieth, and twenty-third, -four different times. Their officers set them an example; -and Major-General Ross had two horses killed under -him." The battle was renewed on the 29th and 30th -of July, and the French commander, being foiled in every -attempt by superior skill and unconquerable valour, retired -towards France, closely pursued by the victorious -allied army.</p> - -<p>Officers present at the battle of the 28th of July.</p> - -<div class="center fs80"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="95%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Lieutenant-Colonel E. Blakeney.</td><td class="tdl">Lieutenant</td><td class="tdl">J. B. Fraser, killed.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Major William Despard, killed.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">W. Dalgairnes.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Captain</td><td class="tdl">J. Crowder, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">C. Lorentz.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">A. Fernie, killed.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Martin Orr.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Jno. Orr, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">J. L. Nunn, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Hy. Tarleton.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">A. L. Estrange.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">C. J. Wemyss, killed.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">D. Cameron.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">W. M. Hamerton, wounded.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">R. Haggup.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Lieutenant</td><td class="tdl">J. Anderson.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">J. D. King, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">W. Wilkinson</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Hon. F. Russel.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">R. Johnson.</td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">R. Garrett, wounded.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">G. Loggan, wounded.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Adjutant Jas. Hay.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Wm. Payne.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Quarter-Master Jno. Hogan.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">Thos. Hartley.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Surgeon Mahony.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">J. Huchinson.</td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Assistant-Surgeon W. Williams.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl pad4">"</td><td class="tdl">H. Fisher.</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<div class="p2 center fs80"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr class="fs80"><td class="tdr"></td><td class="tdr">Officers.</td><td class="tdr">Serjeants.</td><td class="tdr">Drummers.</td><td class="tdr">Rank and File.</td><td class="tdry">Total.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Killed</td><td class="tdry">4</td><td class="tdry">3</td><td class="tdry">..</td><td class="tdry">40</td><td class="tdry">47</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Wounded</td><td class="tdry">7</td><td class="tdry">11</td><td class="tdry">..</td><td class="tdry">148</td><td class="tdry"><ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note—Original text: the number 166 was missing">166</ins></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdry">——</td><td class="tdry">——</td><td class="tdry">——</td><td class="tdry">——</td><td class="tdry">——</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Total</td><td class="tdry">11</td><td class="tdry">14</td><td class="tdry">..</td><td class="tdry">188</td><td class="tdry">213</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<p class="noindent">This display of valour on the part of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -was rewarded with the honour of bearing the word<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span> -"<span class="smcap">Pyrenees</span>" on their colours as a mark of royal favour -and approbation; and their commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel -Edward Blakeney, was also rewarded with -an honorary distinction.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> took part in the movements by -which the enemy was driven through the Pyrenean -mountains back to France; they were also engaged, on -the 7th of October, in the operations connected with the -passage of the <em>Bidassoa</em>, when the French were forced -from several strong mountain positions defended with -field-works. The light and fourth divisions advanced -against the posts of Vera and Liran, and the attack was -successful.</p> - -<p>After the passage of the Bidassoa the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span> were -encamped about a month near the bridge of Lezaca and -heights of Liran; and drafts amounting to about two -hundred serjeants and rank and file were received from -the second battalion, then quartered in the isle of Jersey.</p> - -<p>On the 10th of November the allied army drove the -enemy from his positions on the river <em>Nivelle</em>; the British -now stood triumphant and firmly established in France, -and the admirers of unprincipled aggression beheld the -day of retribution overtake a country which had been -vainly styled "sacred;" the deep wrongs of insulted -nations were, however, not avenged on the French -peasantry, who received less harsh treatment from the -allies than from their own countrymen in arms; but the -tyrant who had hurled the thunders of war against the -unoffending nations of the Peninsula saw them recoil -with accumulated fury upon his own head.</p> - -<p>Major-General the <span class="smcap">Honourable Edward Michael -Pakenham</span>, Lieutenant-Colonel of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -(an officer of such distinguished valour and ability that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span> -the regiment was truly proud of its lieutenant-colonel), -was promoted on the 21st May, 1813, to the colonelcy -of the sixth West India regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel -<span class="smcap">Edward Blakeney</span>, who had so often and so nobly -headed the regiment in the field of battle, obtained permission -to return to England, and the command devolved -on Major <span class="smcap">John Beatty</span>.<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a></p> - -<div class="sidenote">1814</div> - -<p>A train of military and political events, not immediately -affecting the fame or testing the valour of the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span>, took place in December, 1813, and January -1814. The passage of the Adour and Gave d'Oleron, -with the blockade of Bayonne, took place in February, -and the French withdrew to a position at <em>Orthes</em>, where -they were attacked on the 27th of February. The -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> advanced against the enemy's right -at St. Boës, and were thrown forward to commence the -action as light troops, and to cover the advance of the -columns of attack, a service which the nature of the -ground particularly favoured. The brigade, composed -of the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span>, twentieth, and twenty-third regiments, -was warmly engaged until two in the afternoon, when -the fifth division arrived and took the brunt of the action -at that point. Finally the French Marshal was forced -to retire with severe loss.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> had one serjeant and five rank -and file killed; Lieutenants Burke, Nantes, Lorentz, -and Cameron, four serjeants, and fifty-two rank and -file wounded; and their gallantry procured them the -honour of bearing the word "<span class="smcap">Orthes</span>" on their colours. -Major <span class="smcap">John Walwin Beatty</span>, commanding the battalion, -was rewarded with a gold clasp.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span></p> - -<p>In March the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were detached, with -other corps, towards Bourdeaux: the French garrison -fled at the approach of the British, and the inhabitants -declared in favour of the Bourbon dynasty.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> returned to the army, and had -the honour to take part in the battle of <em>Toulouse</em> on the -10th of April, when the French were once more defeated. -The battalion was not seriously engaged on this -occasion, and its loss was limited to one man killed and -three wounded. Its gallant bearing was conspicuous, -and was rewarded with the word "<span class="smcap">Toulouse</span>" on its -colours, and an honorary distinction for its commander, -Major <span class="smcap">John W. Beatty</span>, who was also promoted to the -rank of lieutenant-colonel. Major S. B. Auchmuty, commanding -the light companies of the brigade, was rewarded -with a medal and the rank of lieutenant-colonel.</p> - -<p>The French army withdrew within the town, with the -view of defending the place to the last extremity, but -subsequently retired, and hostilities were soon afterwards -terminated by the abdication of Napoleon and the restoration -of Louis XVIII. to the throne of France.</p> - -<p>Thus years of toil and bloodshed, which had developed—in -vast combinations—in astonishing exhibitions -of skill, firmness, iron hardihood, heroic valour—the -true character of <span class="smcap">Wellington</span> and the soldiers he -led from kingdom to kingdom, from victory to victory, -and had forced all the nations of Europe to confess the -glory of the British arms, terminated in the restoration -of peace to the troubled states of Europe. The <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span> had fought and toiled for the good of other -countries; at this glorious termination of their labours, -they were placed in quarters of refreshment among -the French peasantry, and they received the blessings<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span> -of the people they had delivered from usurpation and -tyranny.</p> - -<p>Among the numerous instances in which a very excellent -spirit had been displayed by individuals during -this arduous struggle, the Record Book of the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span> bears extraordinary testimony of the most -laudable and indefatigable exertions of Adjutant <span class="smcap">James -Hay</span>, who, making the duties of his appointment the -business of his life, aided with praiseworthy zeal his -commanding officer in maintaining the efficiency, discipline, -and reputation of his corps, in which he took a -lively interest; he was never absent from his regiment -during the whole of the Peninsular campaigns, excepting -from wounds, and he thus earned an imperishable fame -in the annals of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>.</p> - -<p>At the end of May the regiment was withdrawn from -its cantonments, and, proceeding towards Bourdeaux, -was encamped a few days near that city; on the 14th of -June it was embarked at Pouillac in transport brigs, -and conveyed down the Garonne to the "Clarence" (a -British seventy-four), lying in Verdun roads. In this -ship the regiment sailed to England, where it arrived, -after an absence of nearly seven years, towards the end -of June, and on landing at Plymouth was greeted with -the hearty cheers of crowds of countrymen assembled on -the occasion, who testified their admiration of the brilliant -career of the regiment in a most lively manner.</p> - -<p>After landing, the regiment occupied quarters at -Totness for several weeks; it subsequently proceeded -to Portsmouth, where both battalions were stationed -in garrison; the second battalion having returned -in August from Jersey, where it had been stationed -since November, 1811.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span></p> - -<p>At the termination of the Peninsular War, Lieutenant-Colonel -<span class="smcap">Edward Blakeney</span> was honoured with the -dignity of Knight of the Tower and Sword by the Prince -Regent of Portugal; he was also rewarded with a cross -and clasp for his services at Martinique, Albuhera, -Badajoz, Vittoria, and in the Pyrenees.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were not long permitted to enjoy -repose, before an order from the Horse Guards summoned -them to engage in scenes of conflict beyond the -Atlantic ocean. The impressing of British seamen on -board of American vessels, with the enforcing of certain -Orders in Council, designed to counteract the decrees of -Buonaparte, who, in the height of his power, endeavoured -to destroy the commerce of Great Britain, had been -followed by a war with the United States, and the -<span class="smcap">Seventh</span> were selected to proceed with the forty-third -light infantry under Major-General Lambert, to join the -troops engaged in active service against the American -coast. The first battalion was completed to a thousand -rank and file from the second, and embarked on the 4th -of October, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel -Edward Blakeney; it proceeded, in the first instance, to -Plymouth, from whence it sailed to the West Indies.<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a></p> - -<div class="sidenote">1815</div> - -<p>From the West Indies the regiment sailed towards the -southern states of North America, and arrived, on the -first of January, 1815, off the coast of Louisiana; it was -there removed into small boats, to proceed along Lake<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span> -Barque to join the army commanded by Major-General -the Honourable Sir Edward Michael Pakenham, K.C.B., -near <em>New Orleans</em>, a place of some note, situate on the -eastern bank of the Mississippi. After a difficult -navigation of eighty miles in small boats, the regiment -landed (having lost a serjeant and sixteen men by the -sinking of a boat on the lake); and on the following day -joined the army at its camp on the bank of the Mississippi. -Arrangements had previously been made for the -attack by storm of a line of entrenchments and redoubts -which the Americans had constructed behind a canal to -cover the approach to <em>New Orleans</em>, and behind which -they had collected an army treble the numbers of the British. -A short time before day-light, on the morning of the -8th of January, the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were at their post, -and forming, with the forty-third, the reserve to the storming -party. Some delay occurred; the ladders were not -ready at the proper moment; and when the soldiers -rushed forward to storm the enemy's works, difficulties -were encountered which it was found impossible to -overcome. A serious loss had been sustained in killed -and wounded; the commander-in-chief had fallen;<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span> -and no chance of ultimate success remained: when the -storming parties fell back, the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span> and forty-third,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span> -deploying into line, and making a forward motion, -presented the appearance of a renewed attack, by which -the Americans were so much awed that they did not -venture to pursue the retreating soldiers; at the same -time the two regiments presented so steady and confident -a front under a heavy fire as to excite great admiration, -and the storming parties rallied and formed in -support. No prospect of ultimate success appearing, the -troops withdrew to their camp. The loss of the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span> -on this occasion was Major King, Captain Henry, one -serjeant, and twenty-three rank and file killed; Captains -Mullins and Page, Lieutenant Lorentz and Higgins, -six serjeants, and sixty-two rank and file wounded.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were subsequently employed -in occupying posts close to the enemy's position; meanwhile -a temporary road was constructed through a morass -to the lake, and the British, withdrawing by a night -march, embarked in boats and returned to the fleet: the -<span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> and piquets remained before the enemy until -the morning of the 19th of January, when they retired. -During the few days the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> had been -before <em>New Orleans</em>, privations and sufferings of every -kind had been endured with a cheerfulness which redounded -to the honour of the officers and soldiers.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> were afterwards landed on Isle -Dauphin, north of Mobile Bay, West Florida. An<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span> -attack on <em>Mobile</em> was resolved on, and <em>Fort Bowyer</em>, -which commanded the entrance to the harbour, was besieged -and captured, and two companies of the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span> -garrisoned the fort. Further hostilities were, however, -prevented by a treaty of peace; and in March the regiment -embarked from the Isle Dauphin, West Florida, -for England; two vessels were delayed on the voyage; -the remainder, landing at Deal, occupied the barrack at -that place until the middle of June. Napoleon Buonaparte -had, in the meantime, regained the throne of -France: a British army had assembled in the Netherlands, -under the Duke of Wellington, to wage war -against the usurper; and the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were -ordered to embark for Flanders to share in the conflict. -The first division of the regiment, consisting of the head-quarters -and four companies, landed at Ostend on the -18th of June, the day the French army was overthrown -at <em>Waterloo</em>, and proceeded in boats up the canal to -Bruges. These companies were afterwards assembled -at Ghent, from whence they advanced up the country, -in charge of treasure for the allied army, and arrived in -the vicinity of Paris on the 6th of July. The war had -terminated; the Bourbon dynasty was restored; and the -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were encamped near Paris three -months, during which time the remainder of the battalion -arrived at the camp. The regiment was present at several -reviews of the British forces, in the presence of -the Emperor of Russia, King of Prussia, and other -sovereigns. In September the regiment occupied a -temporary barrack beyond the town and forest of St. -Germain. In December it returned to Paris and occupied -a large public building, which was fitted up for -a barrack, the officers being quartered on the inhabitants.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span></p> - -<p>On the 24th of December the <em>second battalion</em> transferred -its men fit for service to the first, and was <em>disbanded</em> -at Dover; at the same time a recruiting company was -added to the establishment of the first battalion.</p> - -<p>Honorary distinctions were this year conferred on -many officers of the army. Colonel Sir Edward Blakeney, -of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, was honoured with the -dignity of Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, -and the following officers were appointed Companions of -the Order of the Bath:—Lieutenant Colonels John -Walwin Beatty, Samuel Benjamin Auchmuty, and Alexander -Campbell Wylly.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1816</div> - -<p>On the 1st of January, 1816, the effective strength -was one thousand and twenty-eight; the regiment left -Paris on the 16th of January, and marching to the Pas -de Calais, was placed in village-cantonments in the vicinity -of Bapaume, forming part of the Army of Occupation -in France.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were highly commended at -the half-yearly inspection on the 22nd of May: they -were reviewed by Lieutenant-General Lord Hill in -August, and obtained his lordship's approbation; and in -September Lieutenant-General Sir Lowry Cole made -a minute inspection of the regiment, and expressed his -entire satisfaction of its appearance and discipline.</p> - -<p>In September the regiment was removed to the vicinity -of Cambray, and was subsequently encamped near -Denain, with the remainder of the first division, the -other divisions being encamped about two miles distant. -On the 22nd of October the British, Saxon, and Danish -contingents of the Army of Occupation were reviewed by -the Duke of Wellington, in presence of their Royal -Highnesses the Dukes of Kent and Cambridge, who<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span> -expressed their admiration of the appearance and discipline -of the troops. After the review the regiment -returned to its village cantonments, and at the half-yearly -inspection in November, Major-General Sir James -Kempt expressed his satisfaction at its appearance and -condition.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1817</div> - -<p>In the early part of 1817 the establishment was reduced -to eight hundred and sixty seven non-commissioned -officers and private soldiers; and in April the -regiment marched to the city of Valenciennes, and with -the twenty-third, forty-third, fifty-seventh, and ninety-first, -formed the garrison of that fortress.</p> - -<p>On the 6th of September the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> were -present at the review of the British and Danish contingents -by the King of Prussia; on the 9th of that -month they were reviewed by Lieutenant-General Lord -Hill; and on the 15th of October, by his Grace the -Duke of Wellington.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1818</div> - -<p>Having passed the winter at Valenciennes, the -<span class="smcap">Seventh</span> were reviewed, in June, near that fortress -with the British, Danish, and Saxon contingents, by the -Grand Duke Michael of Russia, for whom the regiment -furnished a guard of honour. The British troops were -subsequently reviewed by Lieutenant-General Lord -Hill on the 3rd of September; by the Duke of Wellington -in presence of their Royal Highnesses the Duke and -Duchess of Kent, on the 10th of that month; and on the -23rd of October by the Emperor of Russia, King of -Prussia, Prince of Orange, &c. &c.</p> - -<p>Soon after this review the establishment was reduced -to seven hundred and forty-six officers and soldiers; and -the Army of Occupation being withdrawn from France, -the regiment marched to Calais, where it embarked for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span> -England, and landed at Dover on the 2nd of November.</p> - -<p>After occupying Dover Castle barracks a few days, -the regiment marched to Deal, where it embarked for -Ireland, and landed on the 26th and 27th of November -at the Cove of Cork, from whence it proceeded to Fermoy, -and, in December, to Dublin.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1819<br />1820<br />1821</div> - -<p>The regiment remained at Dublin until August, 1820, -and its appearance, discipline, and interior economy were -commended at the half-yearly inspections made by Major-Generals -White, Buller, and Sir Colquhoun Grant. It -subsequently occupied extensive cantonments, the head-quarters -being at Londonderry, where it was inspected -by Lieutenant-General Sir David Baird, and Major-General -Sir Sidney Beckwith, and obtained the approbation -of these distinguished officers. In November it -embarked at Belfast for Scotland, and landing at Port Patrick, -marched from thence to Edinburgh and Glasgow: -its appearance and discipline were commended at the half-yearly -inspection made by Major-General Sir Thomas -Bradford; and in June, 1821, when it was ordered to -march to England, this general-officer "expressed his -warmest approbation of the uniform good conduct and -regularity in quarters, as well as of the high state of -discipline in the field and excellent interior economy;" -at the same time requesting "Colonel Sir Edward -Blakeney to convey these sentiments to the officers, -non-commissioned officers, and soldiers."</p> - -<p>Leaving Scotland in July, the regiment proceeded to -Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Carlisle, Tynemouth, and Sunderland; -and in August the establishment was reduced -to six hundred and fifty officers and men.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1822</div> - -<p>In the spring of 1822 the regiment marched to Chatham<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span> -and Sheerness; from whence it was removed in June -and July to Brighton and Windsor, and had the honour -of performing the King's duty during the residence of -King George IV. at the Royal Pavilion, Brighton.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1825<br />1828</div> - -<p>In the summer of 1825 the regiment was divided into -six service and four depôt companies; the service companies -embarked at Gosport on the 14th and 15th of June -for the Ionian Islands, where they were stationed until -September 1828, when they were removed to Malta.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1832</div> - -<p>On the decease of General Sir Alured Clarke, the -colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> was conferred on -Major-General Sir Edward Blakeney, K.C.B., G.C.H., -by commission dated the 20th of September, 1832.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1833<br />1834<br />1835</div> - -<p>In December, 1833, the depôt companies embarked at -Portsmouth for Ireland, where they arrived in January, -1834; they returned to England in October, 1835, and -landed at Portsmouth.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1836</div> - -<p>The service companies remained at Malta until the -early part of 1836, when they returned to England, and -landing at Portsmouth, were stationed at that fortress -until June, when they removed to Winchester.</p> - -<p>In July the regiment marched to Windsor, and had -the honour of performing the King's duty during the -residence of His Majesty King William IV. at Windsor -Castle.</p> - -<p>While on duty at Windsor, a superb piece of plate -for the officers' mess-table was directed by His Majesty -King William IV. to be presented to the regiment, with -the following inscription:—</p> - -<p class="center"><em>"The Gracious Gift of King William the Fourth,<br /> -July 1836."</em></p> - -<p>"His Majesty remembers with satisfaction, that he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span> -became a member of the Mess of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -at Plymouth in the year 1786, and he has directed -his son, <em>Colonel Lord Frederick Fitz Clarence</em>, who had -the advantage of commanding the Regiment during -some years,<a name="FNanchor_26_26" id="FNanchor_26_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a> to present this piece of plate as a mark -of His Majesty's approbation;—of his high sense of -the gallant and admirable services, and of the exemplary -discipline and gentlemanly conduct, which have -uniformly distinguished the <em>Royal Fusiliers</em>."</p> - -<p class="p1" /> -<div class="sidenote">1837<br />1838<br />1839</div> - -<p>Leaving Windsor in August, the regiment proceeded -into Lancashire, and the head-quarters were stationed at -Bolton until the autumn of 1837, when the regiment -proceeded to Ireland. During the year 1838 the <span class="smcap">Royal -Fusiliers</span> were stationed at Dublin; in May, 1839, they -were removed to Kilkenny, and in August following to -Cork.</p> - -<p>In the autumn six companies of the regiment embarked -for Gibraltar, and arrived at that fortress in November, -leaving four depôt companies in Ireland.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1840<br /> - to<br /> -1844</div> - -<p>The service companies remained at Gibraltar until -the 19th December, 1844, when they embarked for the -West Indies, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel -Farquharson, on board of Her Majesty's Troop Ship -"Resistance," and arrived at Barbadoes on the 18th -January, 1845.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1845</div> - -<p>The depôt companies remained in Ireland from the -embarkation of the service companies for Gibraltar until -November, 1841, when they proceeded from Cork to -Dover, and remained in England until June, 1845, when -they returned to Ireland, where they have remained to -the present year, 1846.</p> - -<div><a name="PLATE_3" id="PLATE_3"></a></div> -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i_b_092fp.jpg" width="450" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"> -7th Fusiliers, 1846.</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span></p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1846</div> - -<p>The service companies at the end of the year 1846, -when this Record concludes, were in the West Indies, -the head-quarters at St. Vincent.</p> - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p>The foregoing pages contain a faithful history of the -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> from the period of their formation in -the year 1685, and of the peculiar service for which this -Regiment was originally established. The introduction -of artillery, and the expert and proper management of -field-guns, rendered it necessary that a suitable description -of officers and men should be selected for such an -important and scientific branch of the service, in order -to ensure its usefulness; hence it may be inferred, that -as qualifications of a superior kind were requisite, the -<em>Subaltern Officers in the Royal Fusiliers</em> obtained, on -their first appointment, the rank of <span class="smcap">Lieutenant</span>, a distinction -which is continued to the present time.</p> - -<p>During a period exceeding one hundred and sixty -years, the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> have proved themselves to -be a faithful and zealous Regiment in the cause of Royalty, -and in the interests of their country. Their services -in various parts of Europe and America, when -war has required their presence and exertions, have, on -all occasions, been conspicuous; and their conduct on -home-service, when relieved from their tour of duty -abroad, has been marked by a strict adherence to the -rules of order and discipline: these qualities have rendered -them a valuable corps to the Government of the -country, and have obtained for them a continuance of -the approbation of their Sovereign.</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs120">1846.</p> - - -<p class="p4 pg-brk" /> - -<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> "Our Royal Regiment of Fusiliers to have snap-hance musquets, -strapt, with bright barrels of three feet eight inches long, with -good swords, cartouch-boxes, and bionetts."—<em>King James IInd's -orders for arming the Royal Fusiliers.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> "JAMES R.</p> -<p> -"These are to authorise you, by beat of drum or otherwise, to raise -volunteers to serve for soldiers in your own company in Our Royal -Regiment of Fusiliers, which we have appointed to be raised, and -whereof you are colonel; which company is to consist of one hundred -private soldiers, three serjeants, three corporals, and two -drummers. And as the said soldiers shall be respectively raised -in the said company, they are to be produced to muster, to the intent -that they may be received into our pay and entertainment; -and when that number shall be fully or nearly completed, they are -to march to the general rendezvous of their regiment, where they -are also to be mustered. And you are to appoint such person or -persons as you shall think fit to receive arms for the said soldiers, -and halberts for the said serjeants, out of the stores of Our Ordnance. -And we do hereby require all magistrates, justices of the -peace, constables and others, Our officers, whom it may concern, -at the places where you shall raise, march, or rendezvous our said -company, to be assisting therein as there shall be occasion. -</p> - -<p class="pad2">"Given at our Court at Whitehall the 20th day of June, 1685.</p> - -<p class="pad4">"By His Majesty's Command."</p> - -<p class="right">"<span class="smcap">William Blathwayte.</span></p> - -<p>"<em>To our trusty and well-beloved Councillor, George Lord -Dartmouth, Colonel of our Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, -and Captain of a Company in the said Regiment.</em>"</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> - -<span class="pad6">"<em>Windsor, 7th September, 1685.</em></span></p> - -<p>"<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,</p> - -<p><span class="pad2">"The</span> King having ordered three companies of the Royal -Regiment of Fusiliers to remain in garrison at Sheerness, instead -of the three companies that were usually there, and the quarters -being too strait, unless some of the officers be lodged in the -Navy Dock, His Majesty thinks fit that you signify his pleasure -to the officers of the dock that they afford quarters to such of the -officers of those companies as need them. Being all I have in command.</p> - -<p class="right padr6">"I remain, &c.</p> -<p class="right">"<span class="smcap">William Blathwayte</span>.</p> -<p>"To <em>Mr. Pepys</em>."</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> Coxe's Life of Marlborough.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> Story's History of the Wars in Ireland.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> 12th September. "This day the ordinary detachments of the -Earl of Bath's regiment and of the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span> being at work at the -bastion, part, in enlarging the ditch, found an old hidden treasure, -which quickly stopped the soldiers' working, who fell all a scrambling -in a heap, one upon another, some bringing off a very good -booty, some gold, and some silver, several Jacobuses and Sovereigns -being found by the soldiers, and a great many old pieces of silver -of Henry II., Charles IX., Henry III., and Henry IVth's coin, -which are now hardly to be found in France. The people of the -town supposed this money belonged to one Elfort, a gentleman -who died many years ago, and who buried his treasure (when the -Mareschal de Rantzau took the town) in the Bernardine Nuns' -garden (the ground where the money was found having formerly -been part of the garden), which Count de Monteroy caused to be -demolished, and they think there might have been about 900 -pound groat, which makes the value of 450 guineas English. This -Elfort left it by will to his children with the marks where to find -it; but his children could never discover it."—<em>D'Auvergne.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> Major-General Tyron's despatch.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> Ibid.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> Earl Cornwallis's despatch.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> The following non-commissioned officers were rewarded with -commissions at the recommendation of <span class="smcap">Prince Edward</span> during the -period His Royal Highness commanded the regiment in North -America:—</p> - -<p> -1795 Serjeant Walter Beavan, Ensign in the Nova Scotia Fencibles.<br /> -1796 Serjeant-Major Joseph Parkes, Quarter-Master in the Royal Fusiliers.<br /> -—— Serjeant Christopher Taylor, Lieutenant in ditto.<br /> -—— Quarter-Master Serjeant John Opinslaw, Ensign in the Invalids.<br /> -—— Serjeant James Colledge, Ensign in St. John's Island Provincials.<br /> -1797 Serjeant James Turner, Ensign 31st Regiment.<br /> -—— Serjeant-Major Frederick Plansker, Ensign in the Fencibles.<br /> -1802 Serjeant-Major John Robertson, Ensign in the first, or the royal regiment.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> The following non-commissioned officers were rewarded with -commissions:—</p> - -<p> -1804 Serjeant Francis Gilliman, Quarter-Master, Nova Scotia Fencibles.<br /> -1805 Serjeant-Major George Galbraith, Ensign and Adjutant, First Royal Foot.<br /> -—— Quarter-Master-Serjeant John Hogan, Quarter-Master, Seventh Royal Fusiliers.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> A General Order was issued to the army on the 18th January, -1810 (No. 182), by direction of the Commander-in-Chief, containing -the substance of the following General Order, issued in North -America, on this subject:—</p> - -<p>"<span class="smcap">General Order.</span> <span class="smcap pad4">Quebec</span>, <em>4th October, 1809</em>.</p> - -<p> -<span class="pad3">"The</span> Commander of the Forces has lately had occasion to -see in a Halifax newspaper a copy of an address presented by the -serjeants of the 1st battalion <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> to Captain <span class="smcap">Orr</span>, -on that officer relinquishing the Adjutancy in consequence of being -promoted to a company. So novel a circumstance could not fail -to draw the attention of His Excellency, it being the first of the -kind that has come to his knowledge during the forty-six years that -he has been in the service; and as the first instance has thus (so -far as he is aware, at least) occurred on the part of the army with -the charge of which the King has been pleased to intrust him, he -feels himself called on by every obligation of duty to His Majesty -and the service to bear his testimony against it by a public expression -of disapprobation. -</p> -<p> -"His Excellency does not mean in this instance to ascribe any -improper motive to the serjeants. He has no doubt that their -sole view was to express their regard and gratitude towards an -officer who, in the intimate connexion that had officially subsisted -between them, had very commendably conducted himself with -kindness to them without departing from that strictness of discipline -which was indispensable to the discharge of his duty. -</p> -<p> -"But while His Excellency thus does justice to the intention of -the serjeants of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, he desires at the same time -very seriously to observe to them, that in presuming to meet, in -order to deliberate on the conduct of their superior officer, they -have in fact, however unintentionally, been guilty of an act of -great insubordination. -</p> -<p> -"It matters not that the design of the meeting, or in whatever -manner the address was unanimously assented to, was solely to -express their respect and esteem; the very circumstance implies -discussion, and by that discussion they rendered themselves obnoxious -to the imputation alluded to.—Who, indeed, shall say -where such a practice, if once introduced, shall end? If the non-commissioned -officers of a regiment are permitted to express their -approbation of the conduct of the Adjutant, why may they not -exercise the same right with respect to their commanding officer? -Or what reason can be given why they should not be equally entitled -to express their disapprobation? Indeed, should the practice -become general, the merely withholding the former would -imply the latter. -</p> -<p> -"General Sir <span class="smcap">James Craig</span> is more desirous that his sentiments -on this subject should be distinctly understood in the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span>, -because it appears on the face of the address of the serjeants in -question that it has been countenanced by the officer who then -commanded the regiment. The Commander of the Forces does -no more than justice to the character and services of that officer -when he admits that, feeling as he does the dangerous tendency -of the practice which he is censuring, he also feels himself the -more bound to oppose it, in the first instance, from the strength -which it might otherwise derive from the sanction which he -appears to have given to it.—Lieutenant-Colonel <span class="smcap">Pakenham</span> will -however believe that, though it was impossible the General should -avoid this observation upon his error, yet his doing so can by no -means detract from the esteem with which he has been taught -to view his character as an officer, or the confidence which he -should be disposed to place in his service.</p> - -<p class="right padr4">(Signed) <span class="pad4">"EDWARD BAYNES,</span></p> - -<p class="right padr2">"Adjutant-General to the</p> -<p class="right">"British army serving in North America."</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> <em>British Troops engaged at the Battle of Albuhera on the 16th -May, 1811.</em></p> - -<p>Cavalry under Major-General the Honourable Sir William Lumley; -3rd Dragoon Guards, 4th Dragoons, and 13th Light Dragoons.</p> - -<div class="center fs90"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">3rd Foot, 1st Battalion,</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">Lieut.-Col.</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">31st ditto, 2nd ditto,</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">Colborne,</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">48th ditto, 2nd ditto,</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">66th ditto, 2nd ditto,</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Second</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">60th, one Company 5th ditto.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Division.</td><td class="tdl">{</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">29th Foot,</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Hon.</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">Major-Gen.</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">48th ditto, 1st Battalion,</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Major-Gen.</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">Hoghton.</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">57th ditto, 1st ditto,</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">W. Stewart.</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">60th, one Company 5th ditto.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">28th Foot, 2nd Battalion,</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">Hon. Lt.-Col.</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">34th ditto, 2nd ditto,</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">Abercromby.</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">39th ditto, 2nd ditto,</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">60th, one Company 5th ditto.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"> </td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">Brigadier</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">27th Foot, 3rd Battalion,</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">General</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">40th ditto, 1st ditto,</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Fourth</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">Kemmis.<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">97th ditto, (or Queen's Own.)</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Division.</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">60th, one Company 5th ditto.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">Hon. M.-Gen.</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">7th Foot, 1st Battalion,</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">L. Cole.</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">Fusilier</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">7th ditto, 2nd Battalion,</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">Brigade.</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">23rd ditto, 1st ditto,</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">Brunswick Oels, 1 Company.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"> </td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl" colspan="3">Major-Gen. Baron Chas.</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">1st Light Battalion German Legion,</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdl" colspan="2">Alten.</td><td class="tdl">{</td><td class="tdl">2nd ditto, ditto.</td></tr> -</table></div> - -<p> -The following description of the charge of the <span class="smcap">Fusilier Brigade</span> -at Albuhera is extracted from Colonel Napier's admirable history of -the Peninsular War. -</p> -<p> -"The fourth division was composed of two brigades; the one of -Portuguese, under General Harvey; the other, commanded by Sir -William Myers, consisted of the seventh and twenty-third regiments, -and was called the Fusilier Brigade. Harvey's Portuguese -being immediately pushed in between Lumley's dragoons and the -hill, were charged by some French cavalry, whom they beat off, -and meanwhile General Cole led the Fusiliers up the contested -height. At this time six guns were in the enemy's possession, -the whole of Werle's reserves were coming forward to reinforce the -front column of the French, the remnant of Hoghton's brigade -could no longer maintain its ground, and the field was heaped with -carcases, the lancers were riding furiously about the captured -artillery on the upper parts of the hill, and behind all, Hamilton's -Portuguese and Alten's Germans withdrawing from the bridge, -seemed to be in full retreat. Cole's Fusiliers, flanked by a battalion -of the Lusitanian legion under Colonel Hawkshawe, soon -mounted the hill, drove off the lancers, recovered five of the -captured guns and one colour, and appeared on the right of Hoghton's -brigade exactly as Abercrombie passed it on the left. -</p> -<p> -"Such a gallant line issuing from the midst of the smoke, and -rapidly separating itself from the broken multitude, startled the -enemy's heavy masses, which were increasing and pressing onwards -as to an assured victory: they wavered, hesitated, and then -vomiting forth a storm of fire, hastily endeavoured to enlarge their -front, while a fearful discharge of grape from all their artillery -whistled through the British ranks. Myers was killed; Cole, the -three colonels—Ellis, Blakeney, and Hawkshawe—fell wounded; -and the Fusilier battalions, struck by the iron tempest, reeled and -staggered like sinking ships. But suddenly and sternly recovering, -they closed on their terrible enemies, and then was seen with -what a strength and majesty the British soldier fights! In vain -did Soult, by voice and gesture, animate his Frenchmen; in vain -did the hardiest veterans, extricating themselves from the crowded -columns, sacrifice their lives to gain time for the mass to open out -on such a fair field; in vain did the mass itself bear up, and, -fiercely striving, fire indiscriminately upon friends and foes, while -the horsemen hovering on the flanks threatened to charge the -advancing line. Nothing could stop that astonishing infantry! -No sudden burst of undisciplined valour, no nervous enthusiasm, -weakened the stability of their order; their flashing eyes were -bent on the dark columns in their front; their measured tread -shook the ground; their dreadful volleys swept away the head of -every formation; their deafening shouts overpowered the dissonant -cries that broke from all parts of the tumultuous crowd, as foot by -foot, and with a horrid carnage, it was driven by the incessant vigour -of the attack to the farthest edge of the hill. There the French -reserve, mixing with the struggling multitude, endeavoured to -sustain the fight; but the effort only increased the irremediable -confusion, the mighty mass gave way, and like a loosened cliff, -went headlong down the ascent. The rain flowed after in streams -discoloured with blood, and fifteen hundred unwounded men, -the remnant of six thousand unconquerable British soldiers, stood -triumphant on the fatal hill!" -</p> -<p> -"The Fusiliers exceeded anything that the usual word 'Gallantry' -can convey."—<em>Colonel Sir Henry Hardinge.</em> -</p> -<p> -"In this attack, and carrying the enemy's position, the Fusilier -brigade lost 1000 out of 1500 men and 45 officers; among whom -three were commanding officers;—and exhibited an example of -steadiness and heroic gallantry which history, I believe, cannot -surpass."—<em>Major-General Sir G. Lowry Cole.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> Brigadier-General Kemmis's brigade, being on the north side of the -Guadiana, was left in that position in order to secure the safe removal of -the stores to the town of Elvas on the siege of Badajoz being raised, and -was prevented, on that account, from joining the fourth division until -the morning of the 17th of May.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> During the year 1811 the following non-commissioned officers -were rewarded with commissions.</p> - -<div class="negin10">Serjeant-Major Timothy Meagher, Lieutenant Seventh Fusiliers.</div> -<div class="negin10">Serjeant-Major William Johnson, Ensign Fifty-seventh Regiment.</div> -<div class="negin10">Quarter-Master Serjeant Arthur Byrne, Ensign and Adjutant Twenty-seventh Regiment.</div> -<div class="negin10">Serjeant William Gough, appointed Ensign, Second West India Regiment, on 14th November, 1811; promoted -to a Lieutenantcy on 12th August, 1813; and -died in September, 1817.</div> -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> This officer was aide-de-camp to Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas -Picton, and was mortally wounded on the 19th March.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> In July, 1812, Serjeant William Harris of the Royal Fusiliers -was rewarded with the commission of Ensign and Adjutant in the -twenty-seventh regiment.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> Serjeant Joseph Wood was this year rewarded with a commission -in the thirteenth veteran battalion formed at Lisbon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> The following non-commissioned officers were this year rewarded -with commissions:—</p> - -<p> -Serjeant John Henry, Ensign and Adjutant Ninety-first Regiment.<br /> -Quarter-Master Serjeant William Greenwood, Quarter-Master Seventh Regiment.<br /> -Serjeant John Day, Ensign Sixtieth Regiment.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Major-General the Honourable Sir Edward Michael -Pakenham, G.C.B.</span>, brother of the Earl of Longford, was appointed -Captain in May, 1794, in the ninety-second regiment, a corps raised -on the breaking out of the French Revolutionary War in 1793, -and disbanded soon afterwards. In December, 1794, he was appointed -major in the thirty-third light dragoons, and when this corps was -disbanded, he obtained the majority of the twenty-third light dragoons, -from which he was promoted, in 1799, to the lieutenant-colonelcy -of the sixty-fourth foot: in May, 1804, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel -in the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>. He assumed the command of the -first battalion of the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span> at Weymouth in 1806, and by his -amiable deportment and attention to the welfare of his corps, he -soon won the affection and esteem of the officers and soldiers. He -commanded the regiment in the expedition to Copenhagen in 1807, -and at the capture of Martinique in 1809, when he gave presage of -that noble ardour and contempt of danger which were afterwards -most signally displayed under the great Duke of Wellington in -Portugal and Spain. While in Nova Scotia, he established a book -of merit in the <span class="smcap">Seventh</span>; and when, on leaving the regiment to -serve under Lord Wellington, the officers presented him with a -valuable sword, he sent the following answer to their address. -</p> -<p> -"I received your letter, caused by my proposed departure, with -warmth equal to its tenor, with satisfaction few men have had a -right to experience. -</p> -<p> -"Friendship formed at ease, confirmed in danger, becomes too -sacred to need professions. -</p> -<p> -"Your cordial zeal, however, anticipated my wishes towards the -prosperity of the corps, which your generosity has too much attributed -to my exertions. Let my actions speak a continuance of -attachment. -</p> -<p> -"Your gift, and desire of recollection hereafter, to me will serve -as professional impellants. -</p> -<p> -"In leaving the <span class="smcap">Fusiliers</span>, I separate from the best comrades, from -the chief source of my soldier's pride; yet it is for the object of -duty:—here draw the line. -</p> -<p> -"Do you, by usual energy, continue ripe for service; it is for me -to improve to become the more honourable to lead you." -</p> -<p> -From this period (1809) he served at nearly every action fought by -the British troops in the Peninsula; and was rewarded with honorary -distinctions for the battles of Busaco and Fuentes d'Onor. In October, -1811, he was promoted to the local rank of major-general in Spain -and Portugal, and in 1812 to the rank of major-general in the army. -</p> -<p> -At the battle of Salamanca he commanded the third division, and -acquired additional honour by the spirited manner in which he assailed -the enemy's left, overthrowing all opposition, and was rewarded with -another honorary distinction. In May, 1813, he was appointed colonel -of the Sixth West India regiment, and he was employed as Adjutant-General -to the army commanded by the Marquis of Wellington -until the colossal power of Napoleon was destroyed, and the Bourbon -dynasty restored to the throne of France. After the peace of 1814 -he was honoured with the dignity of knight grand cross of the order -of the bath. He was subsequently appointed to the command of the -expedition against <em>New Orleans</em>, where he encountered the most -extraordinary difficulties. At the storming of the enemy's works, -when he saw the prowess of his troops unable to overcome the -obstructions, he rode forward to encourage them by his presence, and -fell a victim to his bravery. He lived an ornament to his profession, -admired, beloved, and esteemed by all who knew him, and died -regretted in the thirty-sixth year of his age.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> <em>From 1825 to 1832.</em></p></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span><br /> - <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span></p> - -<h2>SUCCESSION OF COLONELS</h2> - -<p class="pfs60">OF</p> - -<p class="pfs150 lsp">THE SEVENTH REGIMENT;</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs60">OR,</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs135">THE ROYAL FUSILIERS.</p> - -<p class="p2" /> -<hr class="r30a" /> -<hr class="r30a" /> -<p class="p2" /> - -<p class="pfs100">GEORGE LORD DARTMOUTH,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 11th June, 1685.</em></p> - -<p class="p1 noindent"><span class="smcap">Lord Dartmouth</span> was the son of Colonel William Legge, -a zealous royalist, who was with King Charles I. at the battle -of Newbury and other engagements, was also in the design of -the Earl of Holland to restore His Majesty in 1648, and was -wounded and taken prisoner. The King was so sensible of -Colonel Legge's services, and esteemed him so highly for his -fidelity, that a short period before his execution, his Majesty -requested the Duke of Richmond to inform the Prince of -Wales (afterwards Charles II.) "that whenever he was restored -to his rights, he should be sure to take care of <em>honest -Will Legge</em>, for he was the faithfullest servant that ever -any prince had."</p> - -<p>Colonel Legge also displayed great devotion to the cause -of King Charles II., and was one of the commissioners appointed -by the King, in 1659, to promise pardon to all who should endeavour -to effect His Majesty's restoration; excepting the -individuals who sat as judges on his royal father. After the -restoration His Majesty informed Colonel Legge of the message<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span> -of King Charles I. by the Duke of Richmond; but the -colonel declined being advanced to the peerage, at the same -time expressing a hope that his sons might deserve his -Majesty's favour.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">George Legge</span> (the eldest son of Colonel William Legge) -went to sea at the age of seventeen, under the care of Sir -Edward Spragg, a distinguished officer who commanded the -rear squadron of the combined English and French fleets -against Holland in 1673, and fought the Dutch Admiral -Tromp, ship to ship, until both their ships were so disabled -that they quitted them, and, hoisting their flags in other vessels, -renewed the battle with incredible fury. Sir Edward Spragg's -ship being terribly torn, he designed to go on board of a third -vessel; but his boat was struck by a shot and he was drowned. -Under this gallant preceptor George Legge acquired a knowledge -of his profession; in 1667 he commanded the Pembroke -man-of-war; in 1671 the Fairfax; and in the following year -the Royal Catherine. In 1672 he was appointed lieutenant-governor -of Portsmouth; in 1673 he was appointed governor -of that fortress; also master of the horse and gentleman of the -bedchamber to His Royal Highness the Duke of York (afterwards -King James II.). At the augmentation of the army -in 1678 he was appointed colonel of a newly-raised regiment -of foot, which was disbanded after the peace of Nimeguen; -he was also lieutenant-general of the ordnance, and was sworn -a member of the privy council in 1681; in 1682 he was constituted -master-general of the ordnance, and was commissioned -to inspect all the forts and garrisons in England.</p> - -<p>On the 2nd of December, 1682, he was advanced to the -dignity of <span class="smcap">Baron of Dartmouth</span>, with remainder, in default -of issue, to his brother William; which remainder the King -particularly ordered himself "in justice" (as he was pleased -to say) "to the memory of old Colonel Legge, whose modesty -ought not to prejudice his children."</p> - -<p>The preamble of the patent imports—"That His Majesty, -remembering the great merits of <span class="smcap">William Legge</span>, one of -the grooms of the royal bedchamber to his late father King -Charles I., especially in that unparalleled rebellion raised<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span> -against him, in which, being a person of singular skill and -experience in military affairs, and also a valiant and expert -commander, he faithfully served His Majesty in most of the -battles and sieges of those unhappy times; that he also performed -several eminent services to King Charles II. since -his most happy restoration; and further, considering that -<span class="smcap">George Legge</span>, eldest son of the said <span class="smcap">William Legge</span>, -following his father's example in divers military employments, -especially in sundry sharp and dangerous naval fights, -wherein he did freely hazard his life, for which respect, -being made general of the ordnance and artillery, and one -of His Majesty's most honourable privy council, His Majesty -has thought fit to dignify him with some further honour. -&c."</p> - -<p>In 1683 <span class="smcap">Lord Dartmouth</span> was sent with the fleet to Africa, -to destroy the works of Tangier and bring home the garrison -and English inhabitants; on his return he was rewarded by -his Majesty with a grant of ten thousand pounds. On the -accession of King James II. his lordship was continued as -master-general of the ordnance, and one of the privy council; -he also held the appointment of constable of the Tower of -London; and on the augmentation of the army in 1685, he -was appointed Colonel of the <span class="smcap">Royal Regiment of Fusiliers</span>. -In 1687, when King James II. was making a tour through -part of his dominions, the city of Coventry presented His -Majesty with a large gold cup and cover, which he immediately -delivered to <span class="smcap">Lord Dartmouth</span>, telling him, "There -was an acknowledgment from the citizens of Coventry for -his father's sufferings in their town:"—Colonel Legge -having endured a long imprisonment there, after being -wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester, in -1651, and he escaped from thence by a stratagem on the part -of his wife, in woman's attire.</p> - -<p>When the Prince of Orange prepared an armament for a -descent on the English coast, <span class="smcap">Lord Dartmouth</span> was appointed -admiral of the fleet of England sent out in the autumn -of 1688 to intercept the Dutch. He accepted this employment -out of gratitude to the King, "who," as Bishop Burnet<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span> -observes, "loved him, and in whose service he had long been." -The bishop adds,—"He was, indeed, one of the worthiest -men of his court, and, although much against the conduct of -his affairs, he was resolved to stick to him at all hazards." -His conduct while in command of the fleet has been variously -represented; but it appears evident he was only prevented -fighting the Dutch fleet by unfavourable weather.</p> - -<p>On the accession of the Prince of Orange to sovereign -power, <span class="smcap">Lord Dartmouth</span> was deprived of his appointments, -and in 1691 he was imprisoned in the Tower of London for -corresponding with King James. After three months' confinement, -he died suddenly of apoplexy, and King William -commanded the same honours to be paid at his lordship's -funeral which would have been due to him if he had died -possessed of all his late employments. He was interred near -his father, in a vault in Trinity Chapel, in the Minories.</p> - - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p class="pfs100">JOHN, EARL OF MARLBOROUGH,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 26th August, 1689.</em></p> - -<p class="p1 noindent">This talented and brave nobleman attained the summit of -military fame, and was equally celebrated for sound judgment -in the cabinet, and for persuasive eloquence in conversation; -while he swayed the councils of foreign courts, and -reconciled conflicting interests among the states of Christendom, -he led their armies to battle and to victory, acquiring a renown -which will live in the page of history to the remotest ages, -and the record of his achievements serves as a monument to -commemorate the national glory. He was born on the 24th -of June, 1650, and before he was sixteen years of age he was -page of honour to the Duke of York, who procured him the -commission of ensign in the first foot guards in 1666. Being -an enthusiast in his profession, he resigned the pleasures of -the court to engage in actual warfare on the shores of Africa, -and distinguished himself as a volunteer against the Moors<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span> -under the walls of Tangier. In 1672 he was appointed captain -of a company in the Duke of Monmouth's regiment of -foot, and served with the French army, commanded by Louis -XIV. in person, against the Dutch, where he signalized himself -by a regular attention to duty, and volunteered his services -on every occasion of difficulty and danger. He soon attracted -the attention of the celebrated Marshal Turenne; distinguished -himself at the siege of Nimeguen in 1672; and, in 1673, -added to his rising honours by his gallantry at the siege of -Maestricht, where he was wounded. In the following campaign -he served with the French army on the Rhine, and was -rewarded on the 3rd of April, 1674, with the colonelcy of an -English regiment in the pay of Louis XIV., with which corps -he continued to serve in the German war. In 1678 his regiment -was recalled from France; and he proceeded to Flanders -in command of a brigade of infantry; but the peace of -Nimeguen taking place, he returned to England, and his regiment -was disbanded. He continued in the suite of the -Duke of York, whose constant attendant he became, and was -employed in several delicate missions between His Royal -Highness and the King, in which he evinced signal address. In -1633, he raised a troop of dragoons, and was appointed colonel -of the royal regiment of dragoons,—a corps formed of two -newly-raised troops of dragoons and four troops of Tangier -horse. He was also elevated to the peerage of Scotland by -the title of Baron Churchill of Aymouth; and soon after the -accession of the Duke of York to the throne, he was created -an English peer by the title of Baron Churchill of Sundridge, -and promoted to the rank of brigadier-general. On the breaking -out of the rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth, in June, -1685, Lord Churchill was detached with a body of troops -against the insurgents, and his excellent conduct at the battle -of Sedgemoor was rewarded with the colonelcy of the third -troop of Life Guards, which gave him the privilege of taking -the court duty of gold stick; but his devotion to the Protestant -cause having induced him to join the standard of the Prince -of Orange at the revolution in 1688, he was deprived of his -appointment.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span></p> - -<p>On the accession of King William III. and Queen Mary, -Lord Churchill was restored to the command of the third -troop of Life Guards; advanced to the title of <span class="smcap">Earl of -Marlborough</span>; and subsequently appointed colonel of the -<span class="smcap">Royal Regiment of Fusiliers</span>. He commanded the -troops on the continent in 1689; gained additional laurels at -the battle of Walcourt; and was appointed commander-in-chief -in June, 1690. In the autumn of the same year he -reduced Cork and Kinsale in Ireland;—and served at the -head of the British infantry under King William III. in Flanders, -in 1691; but, in May, 1692, he was sent prisoner to the -Tower on a charge of high treason, which was not substantiated. -In 1698 he was again received into royal favour; and -in 1701 King William III. appointed him to the command of the -British troops in the Netherlands, and to negotiate the treaties -to be formed with foreign powers on the prospect of a war -with France; he also appointed him, on the 12th of February, -1702, colonel of the twenty-fourth regiment of foot. On the -accession of Queen Anne, he was appointed captain-general -of the forces, and to the chief command of the English, Dutch, -and auxiliary armies employed against the French; and all -his operations were crowned with success. He took Venloo, -Ruremonde, Stevenswaert, and Liege with surprising rapidity;—extended -and secured the Dutch frontiers, and forced the -enemy to seek shelter behind their lines. His great ability -had become so conspicuous that on his return to England he -was raised to the rank of <span class="smcap">Duke of Marlborough</span>. In the -spring of 1703 he once more took the field;—forced Bonn, -Huy, and Limburg; but was impeded in his brilliant career -by the jealousy or timidity of the Dutch generals. In April, -1704, he was appointed colonel of the first foot guards;—and -in the succeeding campaign his grace led the army from -the Ocean to the Danube;—he attacked the enemy on the -2nd of July, 1704, and forced the intrenchments at Schellenberg -with distinguished gallantry. The decisive battle of -Blenheim was fought on the 13th of August following, and the -legions of France and Bavaria were overthrown;—there, the -heaps of slain gave dreadful proofs of British valour; and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span> -whole legions of prisoners were proofs of their mercy. This -victory, which exalted the reputation of the <span class="smcap">Duke of Marlborough</span>, -and displayed in its true light the distinguished -character of the British troops, produced the most important -results;—Bavaria was subdued:—Ratisbon, Augsburg, Ulm, -Meminghen,—all were recovered. From the Danube he -marched towards the Rhine and Moselle. Landau, Treves, -and Traerback were taken; and the British commander was -created a <span class="smcap">Prince of the Empire</span>. His abilities in the field -were equalled by his judgment in the cabinet; and his council -guided the confederate princes of Europe. In the spring of -1705 he once more took the field, and menaced the French -in Alsace. From the Moselle he proceeded to the Maese. -Liege was relieved, Huy retaken, and the boasted impregnable -French lines were forced at Helixem and Neer-Hespen; -but his career of victory was again impeded by the -opposition he met with from the Dutch generals. These -difficulties were however removed. In the spring of 1706 -another campaign opened,—when the discipline he had introduced, -and the confidence he inspired, again proved invincible. -He met, attacked, and triumphed over the French -and Spaniards at Ramilies on the 23rd of May, 1706. This -decisive victory was followed by the surrender of Louvain, -Brussels, Malines, Liere, Ghent, Oudenarde, Antwerp, Damme, -Bruges, and Courtray: in the meantime Ostend, Menin, -Dendermond, and Aeth, were taken:—places which had -resisted the greatest generals for months—for years:—provinces -disputed for ages were the conquests of a summer. -So great was the reputation of the armies of the allies, and of -their distinguished commander, that throughout the campaign -of 1707 the enemy avoided a general engagement; -but in the following summer a gallant French army, led by -the princes of the blood, was overcome at Oudenarde:—new -armies and new generals appeared; but the career of <span class="smcap">Marlborough</span> -could not be stopped. The barriers of France on -the side of the Low Countries, the work of half a century, -were attacked. A numerous French army were spectators -of the fall of Lisle,—the bulwark of their barriers. Every<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span> -campaign added new conquests. Tournay was taken. The -French army—posted near Malplaquet, in a position covered by -thick woods, defended by treble entrenchments—was attacked. -The battle was bloody—the event decisive. The woods -were pierced. The fortifications were trampled down. The -enemy fled. After this victory Mons was taken; and in the -succeeding years, Douay, Bethune, Aire, St. Venant, Bouchain,—all -underwent the same fate. Nothing availed against -a general whose sagacity foresaw everything, whose vigilance -attended to everything, whose constancy no labour could subdue, -whose courage no danger could dismay, and whose intuitive -glance always caught the decisive moment and insured -victory; while the discipline he maintained and the confidence -he inspired were equivalent to an army. The ambitious -Louis XIV. saw his generals over-matched,—his armies -beaten and dispirited,—his possessions wrested from him,—the -barriers of his kingdom trampled down, and a powerful -army ready to carry the horrors of war into the heart of his -kingdom. The disasters of ten campaigns having proved that -<span class="smcap">Marlborough</span> was invincible, the French monarch sued -for peace. The din and calamities of war were succeeded -by the smile of plenty, tranquillity, and enjoyment: but, for -some political cause, the gallant <span class="smcap">Marlborough</span> was divested -of all his offices dependent on the British crown. Continuing -a stedfast adherent to the Protestant succession, -he retired to the continent until the accession of George -I., and was then replaced in his former posts, in which he -continued until his decease in 1722. His unremitting exertions -to inculcate the principles of order and discipline; -his discernment in bringing merit into notice; his impartiality; -and a series of glorious victories by which he upheld the -national honour, and proved himself a valuable servant of the -crown and kingdom, occasioned his memory to be deeply engraved -on the hearts of the brave men who had fought under -his command.</p> - - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span></p> - -<p class="pfs100">LORD GEORGE HAMILTON,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 23rd January, 1692.</em></p> - -<p class="p1 noindent"><span class="smcap">Lord George Hamilton</span>, fifth son of William Duke of -Hamilton, was an officer in the Royal Regiment in the reign -of Charles II., and also of James II., and, adhering to the -Protestant interest at the Revolution in 1688, he was advanced -to the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and on the 1st of March, -1690, to the brevet rank of colonel. He served under King -William III. in Ireland, and distinguished himself at the battle -of the Boyne; and in 1691 he was at the siege of Athlone, at -the battle of Aghrim, and the capture of Limerick. In January, -1692, he was appointed colonel of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, at -the head of which corps he distinguished himself at the battle -of Steenkirk, and his gallantry was rewarded with the colonelcy -of the Royal Regiment. Continuing to serve under -King William in the Netherlands, he distinguished himself in -1693 at the unfortunate battle of Landen, and in 1695 at the -siege of Namur, and while engaged in this service he was promoted -to the rank of brigadier-general. On the 3rd of -January, 1696, he was advanced to the peerage by the titles -of Baron Dechmont, Viscount of Kirkwall, and <span class="smcap">Earl of -Orkney</span>; and in March, 1702, he was promoted to the rank -of major-general. He served the campaign of this year under -the Earl of Marlborough, and was engaged in the siege of -Stevenswaert. He commanded a brigade of infantry during -the campaign of 1703, was advanced to the rank of lieutenant-general, -and invested with the order of the Thistle in 1704; -and, having proceeded with the army into the heart of Germany, -took part in gaining the glorious victories of Schellenberg -and Blenheim. In 1705 he distinguished himself at the -siege and capture of Huy; and in the following year at the -battle of Ramilies, and the siege of Menin. He also took a -distinguished part in the battle of Oudenarde in covering -the siege of Lisle; and in forcing the passage of the Scheldt -in 1708. In 1709 he distinguished himself in the movements -which preceded and led to the battle of Malplaquet, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span> -during this hard-contested action he signalized himself at the -head of fifteen battalions of infantry. He also signalized -himself at the siege of Douay in 1710; and in the beginning -of the following year he was promoted to the rank of general. -He was also engaged in passing the French lines in 1711, and -commanded twenty battalions of infantry at the siege of -Bouchain.</p> - -<p>On these occasions the <span class="smcap">Earl of Orkney</span> had evinced personal -bravery and military talents of a superior character. At -the close of the war he was a member of the privy council, -and governor of Edinburgh Castle. On the accession of -George I. he was appointed one of the lords of the bedchamber -to his Majesty, and governor of Virginia; and in January, -1736, he was promoted to the rank of field marshal. He was -many years one of the sixteen representatives of the Scottish -peerage; and died in January, 1737.</p> - - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p class="pfs100">EDWARD FITZPATRICK,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 1st August, 1692.</em></p> - -<p class="p1 noindent"><span class="smcap">Edward Fitzpatrick</span> was many years an officer of the -Holland Regiment, now third foot or buffs, in which corps he -rose to the rank of captain, and was so distinguished for a -regular attention to duty, and for devotion to the Protestant -interest, that at the revolution in 1688 he was promoted to -the colonelcy of a regiment of foot (afterwards disbanded) -with which he served in King William's wars. He was at the -battle of Walcourt in 1689; and at the siege of Cork and -Kinsale in 1690; and having signalized himself at the battle -of Steenkirk in 1692, he was rewarded with the colonelcy of -the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>. In 1693 he was wounded at the battle -of Landen; and in 1694 he was promoted to the rank of -brigadier general. In 1695 he commanded a brigade of infantry -at the siege of Namur, and he acquired the confidence -of his sovereign, and the esteem of his companions in arms. -He was drowned on the 10th November, 1696.</p> - - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span></p> - -<p class="pfs100">SIR CHARLES O'HARA,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 12th November, 1696.</em></p> - -<p class="p1 noindent"><span class="smcap">Charles O'Hara</span> was an officer of the English brigade in -the Dutch service in the time of King Charles II., and commanded -a company in the Earl of Ossory's regiment. He -subsequently held a commission in the first foot guards, was -promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the regiment, and was -knighted by King William III. at Whitehall in 1689. He -subsequently served under His Majesty in Flanders; was -promoted to the rank of brigadier-general in 1695, and was -rewarded with the colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> in 1696. -On the breaking out of the war of the Spanish succession, he -was advanced to the rank of major-general, and he commanded -a brigade under the Duke of Ormond in the expedition against -<em>Cadiz</em> in 1702, on which occasion he was charged with participating -in the plunder of Port St. Mary's, and brought to -trial, but acquitted: in 1704 he was promoted to the rank -of lieutenant-general. In 1706 Queen Anne advanced him to -the dignity of a peer of Ireland by the title of <span class="smcap">Baron of -Tyrawley</span> in the county of Mayo; and proceeding to Spain, -he commanded the left wing of the allied army at the battle -of Almanza, in 1707, where he was wounded. His Lordship -was sworn a member of the privy council of Queen Anne in -1710; and also of King George I. in 1714; and in November, -1714, he was promoted to the rank of general. He had previously -resigned the colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> in -favour of his son; and on the breaking out of the rebellion -in 1715 he raised a regiment of foot in Ireland; this corps -was, however, disbanded in 1718. He held, for several years, -the appointment of commander-in-chief in Ireland; also the -government of Minorca, and of the Royal Hospital near -Dublin. He died on the 8th of June, 1724.</p> - - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span></p> - -<p class="pfs100">THE HONOURABLE JAMES O'HARA,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 29th January, 1713.</em></p> - -<p class="p1 noindent"><span class="smcap">The Hon. James O'Hara</span> was appointed lieutenant in the -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, commanded by his father, on the 15th of -March, 1703, and in 1706 he proceeded with his regiment to -the relief of Barcelona. In the following year he served on -the staff of the army in Spain, and was wounded at the battle -of Almanza, where, it is said, he was instrumental in saving -the Earl of Galway's life. He served several years at Minorca, -and in 1713 he succeeded his father in the colonelcy of the -<span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>. In 1721 King George I. advanced him -to the dignity of <span class="smcap">Baron of Kilmaine</span>; and in 1724 he succeeded -his father in the title of <span class="smcap">Baron of Tyrawley</span>, and -was sworn a member of the privy council in the same year. -The rank of brigadier-general was conferred on his lordship -on the 23rd of November, 1735; that of major-general on -the 2nd of July, 1739; and in August of the latter year he -was removed from the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> to the fifth horse, -now fourth dragoon guards. In March, 1743, he was promoted -to the rank of lieutenant-general, and in the following -month obtained the colonelcy of the second troop of horse -grenadier guards, from which he was removed, in 1745, to -the third troop of life guards, which gave him the privilege -of taking the court duty of Gold Stick. In 1746, when King -George II. had resolved to disband the third and fourth troops -of life guards, his lordship was removed to the tenth foot; he -was again removed, in 1749, to the fourteenth dragoons; in -1752, to the third dragoons; and, in 1755, to the second, or -Coldstream regiment of foot guards. He was appointed -governor of Portsmouth on the 1st of May, 1759, and was -promoted to the rank of general on the 7th of March, 1761. -He held the appointment of governor of Minorca for several -years; and was employed as envoy and ambassador to the -courts of Portugal and Russia. He died at Twickenham on -the 13th of July, 1773.</p> - - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span></p> - -<p class="pfs100">WILLIAM HARGRAVE,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 27th August, 1739.</em></p> - -<p class="p1 noindent">This Officer entered the army in <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note—Original text: 'April, 1774'">April, 1694</ins>, and served under -King William in Flanders. He also served with distinction -in the wars of Queen Anne; was major of the thirty-sixth -regiment, with the rank of colonel in the army, at the battle of -Dumblain in 1715; and in 1730 he was appointed to the -colonelcy of the thirty-first foot: from which he was removed -to the ninth foot in 1737, and in 1739 King George II. gave -him the colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, which he retained -until his decease in January, 1751.</p> - - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p class="pfs100">JOHN MOSTYN,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 26th January, 1751.</em></p> - -<p class="p1 noindent"><span class="smcap">John Mostyn</span> obtained a commission in the army in February, -1732; he rose to the rank of captain in the thirty-first foot, -and was appointed captain-lieutenant in the second foot guards -in 1742. He served with his regiment on the continent; was -wounded at the battle of Fontenoy, and in December, 1747, he -was appointed aide-de-camp to the King, who gave him the -colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> in 1751. In 1754 he was -removed to the thirteenth dragoons; in 1757 he was promoted -to the rank of Major-General; in 1758 he obtained the colonelcy -of the fifth dragoons, and was removed to the seventh -dragoons in 1760. He had previously been promoted to the -rank of lieutenant-general, and he highly distinguished himself -at the head of the British cavalry in Germany in numerous -actions and skirmishes in 1759, and the three succeeding years. -In 1763 he obtained the colonelcy of the first dragoon guards, -and he was promoted to the rank of general in 1772. He -died in 1779.</p> - - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span></p> - -<p class="pfs100">LORD ROBERT BERTIE,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 20th August, 1754.</em></p> - -<p class="p1 noindent"><span class="smcap">Lord Robert Bertie</span>, son of the Duke of Ancaster, entered -the army in July, 1737, as ensign in the second foot guards, -and in 1744 he was promoted to the rank of captain and -lieutenant-colonel. He was wounded at the battle of Fontenoy -in 1745, and appointed aide-de-camp to the King in 1752: in -1754 he obtained the colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>. -He accompanied his regiment on board the fleet in 1756, and -was in the engagement off the island of Minorca. In 1758 -he was promoted to the rank of major-general; in 1760 to -that of lieutenant-general; in 1776 he obtained the colonelcy -of the second troop (now second regiment) of life guards; and -was promoted to the rank of general in 1777. He died in -1782.</p> - - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p class="pfs100">RICHARD PRESCOTT,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 12th November, 1776.</em></p> - -<p class="p1 noindent">This Officer entered the army in the reign of George II. He -saw much service; and on the augmentation, in 1755, he was -appointed major of the fiftieth foot. In 1761 he was promoted -to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, and the -zeal and attention with which he performed the duties of commanding -officer during the succeeding fifteen years was rewarded -with the colonelcy of the regiment in 1776. In 1777 -he was promoted to the rank of major-general, and in 1782 to -that of lieutenant-general. He died in 1788.</p> - - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span></p> - -<p class="pfs100">THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM GORDON,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 20th October, 1788.</em></p> - -<p class="p1 noindent">This Officer was appointed captain in the sixteenth light -dragoons in 1759; he subsequently held the commission of -major in the eighty-fourth, and lieutenant-colonel in the one -hundred and fifth regiment, which was disbanded at the -peace in 1763. In 1777 he was appointed colonel of the -eighty-first regiment, and was promoted to the rank of major-general -in 1781: in 1783 his regiment was disbanded; in -1787 he was appointed colonel commandant in the sixtieth, and -in 1788 he obtained the colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, -from which he was removed in the following year to the seventy-first -regiment. In 1793 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general. -He obtained the colonelcy of the twenty-first -regiment in 1803, which he retained until his decease in 1816.</p> - - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p class="pfs100">HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE EDWARD,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Afterwards</em> <span class="smcap">Duke of Kent</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 9th April, 1789.</em></p> - -<p class="p1 noindent">During the early part of this century the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span> -had the honour of being commanded by a Prince who was -distinguished alike for his social and military virtues:—namely, -<span class="smcap">Prince Edward</span>, afterwards <span class="smcap">Field Marshal His Royal -Highness the Duke of Kent and Strathearn</span>, the father -of <span class="smcap">Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen Victoria</span>.</p> - -<p>Prince Edward, fourth son of His Majesty King George III., -was born on the 2nd of November, 1767. Being destined for -the profession of arms, in the eighteenth year of his age he -proceeded to Germany for the completion of his studies, and -resided successively at Lunenberg and Hanover, and was appointed, -on the 30th of May, 1786, colonel of the Hanoverian<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span> -Guards. During the succeeding year he removed to Geneva, -and while pursuing his studies at this place, His Majesty conferred -upon him the Colonelcy of the 7th <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>. -Early in 1790 he returned to England; and after passing a few -days with his family he embarked, in obedience to the King's -commands, for Gibraltar, in order to acquire a knowledge of -garrison duty under Major-General O'Hara. While at Gibraltar -he commanded for several months the 2nd, or Queen's -Regiment, until the arrival of the 7th <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, as -a reinforcement to the garrison, in August, 1790. In 1791 he -sailed with his regiment from Gibraltar for Quebec; and while -serving in Canada he was promoted to the rank of major-general. -From North America he proceeded, during the winter of 1793-4, -through the United States to Boston, where he embarked for -the West Indies, and joined the army under General Sir -Charles Grey, at the commencement of the siege of Fort -Bourbon, in the island of Martinique, and commanded the -detached camp at La Coste, above Point Petre. During the -several attacks His Royal Highness's conduct excited the -admiration of the army; his life was frequently exposed to -the most imminent peril; and his aides-de-camp, Captain, the -late General Sir Frederick Wetherall, and Lieutenant Vesey, -were wounded near his Royal Highness's person.<a name="FNanchor_27_27" id="FNanchor_27_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a> In compliment -to the gallantry evinced by His Royal Highness on -this occasion, the lower fort, called Fort Royal, was subsequently -named <span class="smcap">Fort Edward</span>.</p> - -<p>After the capture of Martinique the array proceeded to St. -Lucie; and His Royal Highness commanded the grenadier -brigade, which, in conjunction with the light infantry brigade, -under Major-General Thomas Dundas, formed the storming-party -which carried Morné Fortuné. From St. Lucie the -army proceeded to the island of Guadaloupe; and the flank -companies were detached under Prince Edward and Major-General<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span> -Dundas, who succeeded in gaining possession of Morné -Marscot, and Fleur D'Epée, commanding Point à Petre. His -conduct during this course of active and perilous service again -excited admiration, and His Royal Highness received the -thanks of Parliament. After the capture of the French West -India Islands<a name="FNanchor_28_28" id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a> His Royal Highness returned to North America, -and was shortly afterwards appointed Commander of the Forces -in Nova Scotia and its dependencies. On the 12th of January, -1796, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General; -and, having returned to England on account of ill health, he -was created, on the 23rd of April, 1799, <em>Earl of Dublin</em>, in -Ireland, and <span class="smcap">Duke of Kent and Strathearn</span>, in Great -Britain; in the following month he was promoted to the rank -of General, and appointed Commander-in-Chief of all the -forces in British North America. On his return to North -America his arrival was greeted by all ranks; and during his -stay in that country he introduced numerous improvements -in the system of conducting public business. In August, -1800, His Royal Highness returned to England; and in the -following year he was appointed to the Colonelcy of the Royal -Regiment of Foot. In 1802 he was appointed Governor of -the important fortress of Gibraltar, whither he immediately -proceeded. His habits were abstemious and regular; and he -was himself a model of that strict attention to duty and discipline -which he required from others; but while attempting<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span> -to effect the removal of several long existing abuses and -irregularities, His Royal Highness experienced that opposition -which has attended every attempt to remedy evils, when the -private interests and privileges of individuals are concerned. -The Duke of Kent returned in 1803 to England, where he -continued to reside upwards of fifteen years. He was promoted -to the rank of Field-Marshal on the 5th of September, 1805; -he was also elected a Knight of the Garter, constituted a -Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Military Order -of the Bath, and appointed Keeper and Ranger of Hampton -Court Park.</p> - -<p>During the period His Royal Highness resided in England, -the Royal Regiment of Foot experienced the advantage of his -constant care and anxiety for its interests, and of his influence -in the kingdom; and the service was benefited by the care he -bestowed in the introduction of regimental schools. His -concern, however, embraced the welfare of all His Majesty's -subjects, and there was scarcely a public charity in the metropolis -which did not derive benefit from his patronage, personal -eloquence, and contributions, and over many he presided. -His private acts of benevolence in the cases of widows and -orphans who were known to His Royal Highness as deserving -objects of relief were very numerous, and the instances of his -charity and philanthropy were attested by the grateful -acknowledgments of those who had no claim on His Royal -Highness's bounty beyond the circumstance of a husband, -father, or other relative having performed faithful service -under his command. The provision made by His Majesty's -Government for His Royal Highness had not been equal to -his necessary expenditure to support the dignity of a Prince -of the royal blood; particularly for the periods he was on -foreign service; and in 1816 economical views induced him -to proceed to the Continent. In May, 1818, he was married -at Coburg, according to the Lutheran rites, to Her Serene -Highness Victoria Maria Louisa, youngest daughter of the -late reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg. Shortly after the -solemnities the royal pair proceeded to England, and were -remarried at Kew Palace on the 11th of July, 1818, according<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span> -to the rites of the Church of England. In a few weeks after -this ceremony the Duke returned with his bride to the Continent; -in the succeeding year they revisited England; and on -the 24th of May, 1819, the Duchess gave birth, at Kensington -Palace, to a daughter, named Alexandrina Victoria, Her present -Majesty.</p> - -<p>In a few months after this happy event this amiable Prince, -whose social, private, and public virtues endeared him to his -family and friends, and procured him a place in the affections -of the British people, was attacked by pulmonary inflammation, -produced by accidental cold, and he died at his temporary -residence at Sidmouth on the 23rd of January, 1820. -The remains of His Royal Highness were removed from Sidmouth -and deposited in the royal vault at St. George's Chapel, -in Windsor Castle, on the 12th of February, 1820, with the -usual honours and solemnity observed at the funerals of the -members of the Royal family.</p> - - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p class="pfs100">SIR ALURED CLARKE, G.C.B.,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 21st August, 1801.</em></p> - -<p class="p1 noindent">Alured Clarke was appointed ensign of the fiftieth foot in -1755, and lieutenant of the same corps in 1760. He served -under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick in Germany, <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note—Original text: 'in the the Seven'">in the -Seven</ins> Years' War; and was appointed to the command of -a company in the fifth foot in 1767; in 1771 he was promoted -to the majority of the fifty-fourth regiment, and in 1777 to the -lieutenant-colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, with which -corps he served in America, and obtained the rank of colonel -in 1781. In 1790 he was promoted to the rank of major-general, -and in 1794 he was rewarded with the colonelcy of -the fifth foot. In 1795 he commanded the land force at the -capture of the Cape of Good Hope; his services were afterwards -transferred to the East Indies, in which country he obtained -the local rank of lieutenant-general in 1796, and he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span> -was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general in the army in -1797. In 1801 he was removed to the <span class="smcap">Royal Fusiliers</span>, -and in 1802 he was promoted to the rank of general: he was -advanced to the rank of field-marshal on the 22nd July, 1830. -He died in 1832.</p> - - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p class="pfs100">SIR EDWARD BLAKENEY, G.C.B.</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 20th September, 1832.</em></p> - -<p class="p4" /> - - -<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_27_27" id="Footnote_27_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> When Prince Edward was ordered to storm Morné, Tartisson, and -Fort Royal on the 17th March, 1794, he placed himself at the head of his -brigade of grenadiers, and addressed them as follows:—"<em>Grenadiers! -This is St. Patrick's day; the English will do their duty in compliment to the -Irish, and the Irish in compliment to the Saint!</em>—<span class="smcap">Forward Grenadiers!</span>"</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> In commemoration of the important captures in the West Indies, at -the period above stated, an anniversary dinner takes place at the United -Service Club on the 17th of March (St. Patrick's day), as it was on that -Saint's day his late Royal Highness the Duke of Kent, at the head of -his grenadier brigade, carried Fort Royal by escalade, when both his -aides-de-camp, General Sir Frederick Wetherall, and the late Major-General -Vesey, were severely wounded close to his Royal Highness. The -following officers attended on the 17th March, 1838:—The Marquis of -Thomond, General Viscount Lorton, Admiral Lord Colville, General Sir -Lowry Cole, G.C.B., General Lord Howden, G.C.B., General Sir Fitzroy -Maclean, Bart., Lieutenant-General Sir H. S. Keating, K.C.B., Sir William -Pym, K.C.H., and Major-General Reeves, C.B. All these officers, -with the exception of the Admiral, served in the Grenadier brigade -under the orders of their illustrious commander, His Royal Highness the -Duke of Kent.</p></div></div> - - -<p class="p4" /> -<hr class="chap pg-brk" /> -<p class="p10" /> - -<p class="pfs60"><span class="smcap">London</span>: Printed by <span class="smcap">W. Clowes</span> and <span class="smcap">Sons</span>, Stamford Street,<br /> -For Her Majesty's Stationery Office.</p> - -<p class="p10" /> -<hr class="chap pg-brk" /> - - -<div class="transnote"> -<a name="TN" id="TN"></a> -<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE</strong></p> - -<p><a href="#Footnote_19_19">Footnote [19]</a> is referenced from inside <a href="#Footnote_18_18">Footnote [18]</a>.</p> - -<p>Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been -corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within -the text and consultation of external sources.</p> - -<p>Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, -and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. For example, -daylight, day-light; muskets, musquets; fusil; piquets; intrusted.</p> - -<p> -<a href="#Page_25">Pg 25</a>, 'posts of Ticonderago' replaced by 'posts of Ticonderoga'.<br /> -<a href="#Page_33">Pg 33</a>, 'unexpected even' replaced by 'unexpected event'.<br /> -<a href="#Page_78">Pg 78</a>, the number '166' was missing and has been added into the table.<br /> -<a href="#Page_107">Pg 107</a>, 'April, 1774' replaced by 'April, 1694'.<br /> -<a href="#Page_113">Pg 113</a>, 'in the the Seven' replaced by 'in the Seven'.<br /> -</p> -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Historical record of the Seventh -Regiment, or The Royal Fusiliers, by Richard Cannon - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD--7TH REGIMENT *** - -***** This file should be named 56220-h.htm or 56220-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/6/2/2/56220/ - -Produced by Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -book was produced from images made available by the -HathiTrust Digital Library.) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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