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diff --git a/old/56220-0.txt b/old/56220-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 279ee4e..0000000 --- a/old/56220-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5304 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Historical record of the Seventh Regiment, -or The Royal Fusiliers, by Richard Cannon - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Historical record of the Seventh Regiment, or The Royal Fusiliers - Containing an Account of the Formation of the Regiment in - 1685, and of its subsequent services to 1846. - -Author: Richard Cannon - -Release Date: December 21, 2017 [EBook #56220] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD--7TH REGIMENT *** - - - - -Produced by Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -book was produced from images made available by the -HathiTrust Digital Library.) - - - - - - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - - A superscript is denoted by ^{xx}, for example IV^{TH} or Esq^{re}. - - Basic fractions are displayed as ½ ⅓ ¼ etc; other fractions are shown - in the form a/b, for example 1/10 or 55/144. - - Some minor changes are noted at the end of the book. - - - - -[Illustration: - - BY COMMAND OF His late Majesty WILLIAM THE IV^{TH}. - _and under the Patronage of_ - Her Majesty the Queen. - - HISTORICAL RECORDS, - _OF THE_ - British Army - - _Comprising the_ - _History of every Regiment_ - _IN HER MAJESTY'S SERVICE_. - - _By Richard Cannon Esq^{re}._ - - _Adjutant General's Office, Horse Guards._ - - London. - - _Printed by Authority_: -] - - - - -GENERAL ORDERS. - - - _HORSE-GUARDS_, - _1st January, 1836_. - -His Majesty has been pleased to command that, with a view of doing -the fullest justice to Regiments, as well as to Individuals who -have distinguished themselves by their Bravery in Action with the -Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Regiment in the British -Army shall be published under the superintendence and direction -of the Adjutant-General; and that this Account shall contain the -following particulars, viz.:-- - - ---- The Period and Circumstances of the Original Formation of - the Regiment; The Stations at which it has been from time to time - employed; The Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations - in which it has been engaged, particularly specifying any - Achievement it may have performed, and the Colours, Trophies, - &c., it may have captured from the Enemy. - - ---- The Names of the Officers and the number of Non-Commissioned - Officers and Privates Killed or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying - the Place and Date of the Action. - - ---- The Names of those Officers who, in consideration of their - Gallant Services and Meritorious Conduct in Engagements with the - Enemy, have been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other - Marks of His Majesty's gracious favour. - - ---- The Names of all such Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers, - and Privates, as may have specially signalized themselves in - Action. - -And, - - ---- The Badges and Devices which the Regiment may have been - permitted to bear, and the Causes on account of which such Badges - or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted. - - By Command of the Right Honourable - GENERAL LORD HILL, - _Commanding-in-Chief_. - - JOHN MACDONALD, - _Adjutant-General_. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend -upon the zeal and ardour by which all who enter into its service -are animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that -any measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which -alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. - -Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable -object than a full display of the noble deeds with which the -Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright -examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to -incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have -preceded him in their honourable career, are among the motives that -have given rise to the present publication. - -The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the -"London Gazette," from whence they are transferred into the public -prints: the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the -time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute of praise and -admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, -the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on -the Commanders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their -orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill -and bravery; and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour -of their Sovereign's approbation, constitute the reward which the -soldier most highly prizes. - -It has not, however, until late years, been the practice (which -appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) -for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services -and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in -obtaining, particularly from the old Regiments, an authentic -account of their origin and subsequent services. - -This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty -having been pleased to command that every Regiment shall in future -keep a full and ample record of its services at home and abroad. - -From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth -derive information as to the difficulties and privations which -chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In -Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to -the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and -where these pursuits have, for so long a period, been undisturbed -by the _presence of war_, which few other countries have escaped, -comparatively little is known of the vicissitudes of active -service, and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during -peace, the British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, -with little or no interval of repose. - -In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country -derives from the industry and the enterprise of the agriculturist -and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to -reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor,--on -their sufferings,--and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which -so many national benefits are obtained and preserved. - -The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, -have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties; and -their character has been established in Continental warfare by the -irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in -spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and -steadiness with which they have maintained their advantages against -superior numbers. - -In the official Reports made by the respective Commanders, ample -justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the -Corps employed; but the details of their services, and of acts of -individual bravery, can only be fully given in the Annals of the -various Regiments. - -These Records are now preparing for publication, under His -Majesty's special authority, by Mr. RICHARD CANNON, Principal Clerk -of the Adjutant-General's Office; and while the perusal of them -cannot fail to be useful and interesting to military men of every -rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and -information to the general reader, particularly to those who may -have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. - -There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or -are serving, in the Army, an _Esprit de Corps_--an attachment -to everything belonging to their Regiment; to such persons a -narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove -interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great, the -valiant, the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with -a brave and civilized people. Great Britain has produced a race -of heroes who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood "firm -as the rocks of their native shore;" and when half the World has -been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their -Country with unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of -achievements in war,--victories so complete and surprising, gained -by our countrymen, our brothers, our fellow-citizens in arms,--a -record which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their -gallant deeds before us, will certainly prove acceptable to the -public. - -Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished -Officers will be introduced in the Records of their respective -Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to -time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testifying the value -and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth. - -As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment -will be printed in a distinct number, so that when the whole shall -be completed, the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession. - - - - -INTRODUCTION - -TO - -THE INFANTRY. - - -The natives of Britain have, at all periods, been celebrated for -innate courage and unshaken firmness, and the national superiority -of the British troops over those of other countries has been -evinced in the midst of the most imminent perils. History contains -so many proofs of extraordinary acts of bravery, that no doubts can -be raised upon the facts which are recorded. It must therefore be -admitted, that the distinguishing feature of the British soldier is -INTREPIDITY. This quality was evinced by the inhabitants of England -when their country was invaded by Julius Cæsar with a Roman army, -on which occasion the undaunted Britons rushed into the sea to -attack the Roman soldiers as they descended from their ships; and, -although their discipline and arms were inferior to those of their -adversaries, yet their fierce and dauntless bearing intimidated -the flower of the Roman troops, including Cæsar's favourite tenth -legion. Their arms consisted of spears, short swords, and other -weapons of rude construction. They had chariots, to the axles of -which were fastened sharp pieces of iron resembling scythe-blades, -and infantry in long chariots resembling waggons, who alighted and -fought on foot, and for change of ground, pursuit, or retreat, -sprang into the chariot and drove off with the speed of cavalry. -These inventions were, however, unavailing against Cæsar's -legions: in the course of time a military system, with discipline -and subordination, was introduced, and British courage, being -thus regulated, was exerted to the greatest advantage; a full -development of the national character followed, and it shone forth -in all its native brilliancy. - -The military force of the Anglo-Saxons consisted principally of -infantry: Thanes, and other men of property, however, fought on -horseback. The infantry were of two classes, heavy and light. The -former carried large shields armed with spikes, long broad swords -and spears; and the latter were armed with swords or spears only. -They had also men armed with clubs, others with battle-axes and -javelins. - -The feudal troops established by William the Conqueror consisted -(as already stated in the Introduction to the Cavalry) almost -entirely of horse; but when the warlike barons and knights, with -their trains of tenants and vassals, took the field, a proportion -of men appeared on foot, and, although these were of inferior -degree, they proved stout-hearted Britons of stanch fidelity. When -stipendiary troops were employed, infantry always constituted a -considerable portion of the military force; and this _arme_ has -since acquired, in every quarter of the globe, a celebrity never -exceeded by the armies of any nation at any period. - -The weapons carried by the infantry, during the several reigns -succeeding the Conquest, were bows and arrows, half-pikes, lances, -halberds, various kinds of battle-axes, swords, and daggers. Armour -was worn on the head and body, and in course of time the practice -became general for military men to be so completely cased in steel, -that it was almost impossible to slay them. - -The introduction of the use of gunpowder in the destructive -purposes of war, in the early part of the fourteenth -century, produced a change in the arms and equipment of the -infantry-soldier. Bows and arrows gave place to various kinds of -fire-arms, but British archers continued formidable adversaries; -and owing to the inconvenient construction and imperfect bore of -the fire-arms when first introduced, a body of men, well trained -in the use of the bow from their youth, was considered a valuable -acquisition to every army, even as late as the sixteenth century. - -During a great part of the reign of Queen Elizabeth each company -of infantry usually consisted of men armed five different ways; in -every hundred men forty were "_men-at-arms_," and sixty "_shot_;" -the "men-at-arms" were ten halberdiers, or battle-axe men, and -thirty pikemen; and the "shot" were twenty archers, twenty -musketeers, and twenty harquebusiers, and each man carried, besides -his principal weapon, a sword and dagger. - -Companies of infantry varied at this period in numbers from 150 -to 300 men; each company had a colour or ensign, and the mode of -formation recommended by an English military writer (Sir John -Smithe) in 1590 was:--the colour in the centre of the company -guarded by the halberdiers; the pikemen in equal proportions, on -each flank of the halberdiers; half the musketeers on each flank -of the pikes; half the archers on each flank of the musketeers; -and the harquebusiers (whose arms were much lighter than the -muskets then in use) in equal proportions on each flank of the -company for skirmishing.[1] It was customary to unite a number -of companies into one body, called a REGIMENT, which frequently -amounted to three thousand men; but each company continued to carry -a colour. Numerous improvements were eventually introduced in the -construction of fire-arms, and, it having been found impossible to -make armour proof against the muskets then in use (which carried -a very heavy ball) without its being too weighty for the soldier, -armour was gradually laid aside by the infantry in the seventeenth -century: bows and arrows also fell into disuse, and the infantry -were reduced to two classes, viz.: _musketeers_, armed with -matchlock muskets, swords, and daggers; and _pikemen_, armed with -pikes from fourteen to eighteen feet long, and swords. - -In the early part of the seventeenth century Gustavus Adolphus, -King of Sweden, reduced the strength of regiments to 1000 men; he -caused the gunpowder, which had heretofore been carried in flasks, -or in small wooden bandoliers, each containing a charge, to be -made up into cartridges, and carried in pouches; and he formed -each regiment into two wings of musketeers, and a centre division -of pikemen. He also adopted the practice of forming four regiments -into a brigade; and the number of colours was afterwards reduced to -three in each regiment. He formed his columns so compactly that his -infantry could resist the charge of the celebrated Polish horsemen -and Austrian cuirassiers; and his armies became the admiration of -other nations. His mode of formation was copied by the English, -French, and other European states; but so great was the prejudice -in favour of ancient customs, that all his improvements were not -adopted until near a century afterwards. - -In 1664 King Charles II. raised a corps for sea-service, styled -the Admiral's regiment. In 1678 each company of 100 men usually -consisted of 30 pikemen, 60 musketeers, and 10 men armed with light -firelocks. In this year the king added a company of men armed with -hand-grenades to each of the old British regiments, which was -designated the "grenadier company." Daggers were so contrived as to -fit in the muzzles of the muskets, and bayonets similar to those -at present in use were adopted about twenty years afterwards. - -An Ordnance regiment was raised in 1685, by order of King James -II., to guard the artillery, and was designated the Royal Fusiliers -(now 7th Foot). This corps, and the companies of grenadiers, did -not carry pikes. - -King William III. incorporated the Admiral's regiment in the Second -Foot Guards, and raised two Marine regiments for sea-service. -During the war in this reign, each company of infantry (excepting -the fusiliers and grenadiers) consisted of 14 pikemen and 46 -musketeers; the captains carried pikes; lieutenants, partisans; -ensigns, half-pikes; and serjeants, halberds. After the peace in -1697 the Marine regiments were disbanded, but were again formed on -the breaking out of the war in 1702.[2] - -During the reign of Queen Anne the pikes were laid aside, and every -infantry soldier was armed with a musket, bayonet, and sword; the -grenadiers ceased, about the same period, to carry hand-grenades; -and the regiments were directed to lay aside their third colour: -the corps of Royal Artillery was first added to the army in this -reign. - -About the year 1745, the men of the battalion companies of infantry -ceased to carry swords; during the reign of George II. light -companies were added to infantry regiments; and in 1764 a Board of -General Officers recommended that the grenadiers should lay aside -their swords, as that weapon had never been used during the seven -years' war. Since that period the arms of the infantry soldier have -been limited to the musket and bayonet. - -The arms and equipment of the British troops have seldom differed -materially, since the Conquest, from those of other European -states; and in some respects the arming has, at certain periods, -been allowed to be inferior to that of the nations with whom they -have had to contend; yet, under this disadvantage, the bravery and -superiority of the British infantry have been evinced on very many -and most trying occasions, and splendid victories have been gained -over very superior numbers. - -Great Britain has produced a race of lion-like champions who have -dared to confront a host of foes, and have proved themselves -valiant with any arms. At _Crecy_, King Edward III., at the head -of about 30,000 men, defeated, on the 26th of August, 1346, Philip -King of France, whose army is said to have amounted to 100,000 -men; here British valour encountered veterans of renown:--the -King of Bohemia, the King of Majorca, and many princes and nobles -were slain, and the French army was routed and cut to pieces. Ten -years afterwards, Edward Prince of Wales, who was designated the -Black Prince, defeated, at _Poictiers_, with 14,000 men, a French -army of 60,000 horse, besides infantry, and took John I., King of -France, and his son Philip, prisoners. On the 25th of October, -1415, King Henry V., with an army of about 13,000 men, although -greatly exhausted by marches, privations, and sickness, defeated, -at _Agincourt_, the Constable of France, at the head of the flower -of the French nobility and an army said to amount to 60,000 men, -and gained a complete victory. - -During the seventy years' war between the United Provinces of the -Netherlands and the Spanish monarch, which commenced in 1578 and -terminated in 1648, the British infantry in the service of the -States-General were celebrated for their unconquerable spirit and -firmness;[3] and in the thirty years' war between the Protestant -Princes and the Emperor of Germany, the British troops in the -service of Sweden and other states were celebrated for deeds of -heroism.[4] In the wars of Queen Anne, the fame of the British -army under the great MARLBOROUGH was spread throughout the world; -and if we glance at the achievements performed within the memory -of persons now living, there is abundant proof that the Britons -of the present age are not inferior to their ancestors in the -qualities which constitute good soldiers. Witness the deeds of -the brave men, of whom there are many now surviving, who fought in -Egypt in 1801, under the brave Abercromby, and compelled the French -army, which had been vainly styled _Invincible_, to evacuate that -country; also the services of the gallant Troops during the arduous -campaigns in the Peninsula, under the immortal WELLINGTON; and -the determined stand made by the British Army at Waterloo, where -Napoleon Bonaparte, who had long been the inveterate enemy of Great -Britain, and had sought and planned her destruction by every means -he could devise, was compelled to leave his vanquished legions to -their fate, and to place himself at the disposal of the British -Government. These achievements, with others of recent dates in the -distant climes of India, prove that the same valour and constancy -which glowed in the breasts of the heroes of Crecy, Poictiers, -Agincourt, Blenheim, and Ramilies, continue to animate the Britons -of the nineteenth century. - -The British Soldier is distinguished for a robust and muscular -frame,--intrepidity which no danger can appal,--unconquerable -spirit and resolution,--patience in fatigue and privation, and -cheerful obedience to his superiors. These qualities, united with -an excellent system of order and discipline to regulate and give -a skilful direction to the energies and adventurous spirit of -the hero, and a wise selection of officers of superior talent to -command, whose presence inspires confidence,--have been the leading -causes of the splendid victories gained by the British arms.[5] -The fame of the deeds of the past and present generations in the -various battle-fields where the robust sons of Albion have fought -and conquered, surrounds the British arms with an halo of glory; -these achievements will live in the page of history to the end of -time. - -The records of the several regiments will be found to contain a -detail of facts of an interesting character, connected with the -hardships, sufferings, and gallant exploits of British soldiers in -the various parts of the world where the calls of their Country -and the commands of their Sovereign have required them to proceed -in the execution of their duty, whether in active continental -operations, or in maintaining colonial territories in distant and -unfavourable climes. - -The superiority of the British infantry has been pre-eminently set -forth in the wars of six centuries, and admitted by the greatest -commanders which Europe has produced. The formations and movements -of this _arme_, as at present practised, while they are adapted -to every species of warfare, and to all probable situations -and circumstances of service, are calculated to show forth the -brilliancy of military tactics calculated upon mathematical and -scientific principles. Although the movements and evolutions have -been copied from the continental armies, yet various improvements -have from time to time been introduced, to ensure that simplicity -and celerity by which the superiority of the national military -character is maintained. The rank and influence which Great Britain -has attained among the nations of the world have in a great measure -been purchased by the valour of the Army, and to persons who have -the welfare of their country at heart, the records of the several -regiments cannot fail to prove interesting. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] A company of 200 men would appear thus:-- - - __| - | | - |__| - | - 20 20 20 30 2|0 30 20 20 20 - - Harquebuses. Muskets. Halberds. Muskets. Harquebuses. - Archers. Pikes. Pikes. Archers. - -The musket carried a ball which weighed 1/10 of a pound; and the -harquebus a ball which weighed 1/25 of a pound. - -[2] The 30th, 31st, and 32nd Regiments were formed as Marine corps -in 1702, and were employed as such during the wars in the reign -of Queen Anne. The Marine corps were embarked in the Fleet under -Admiral Sir George Rooke, and were at the taking of Gibraltar, and -in its subsequent defence in 1704; they were afterwards employed at -the siege of Barcelona in 1705. - -[3] The brave Sir Roger Williams, in his Discourse on War, printed -in 1590, observes:--"I persuade myself ten thousand of our nation -would beat thirty thousand of theirs (the Spaniards) out of the -field, let them be chosen where they list." Yet at this time the -Spanish infantry was allowed to be the best disciplined in Europe. -For instances of valour displayed by the British Infantry during -the Seventy Years' War, see the Historical Record of the Third Foot -or Buffs. - -[4] Vide the Historical Record of the First, or Royal Regiment of -Foot. - -[5] "Under the blessing of Divine Providence, His Majesty ascribes -the successes which have attended the exertions of his troops in -Egypt to that determined bravery which is inherent in Britons; but -His Majesty desires it may be most solemnly and forcibly impressed -on the consideration of every part of the army, that it has been a -strict observance of order, discipline, and military system, which -has given the full energy to the native valour of the troops, and -has enabled them proudly to assert the superiority of the national -military character, in situations uncommonly arduous, and under -circumstances of peculiar difficulty."--_General Orders in 1801._ - -In the General Orders issued by Lieut.-General Sir John Hope -(afterwards Lord Hopetoun), congratulating the army upon the -successful result of the Battle of Corunna, on the 16th of January, -1809, it is stated:--"On no occasion has the undaunted valour of -British troops ever been more manifest. At the termination of a -severe and harassing march, rendered necessary by the superiority -which the enemy had acquired, and which had materially impaired -the efficiency of the troops, many disadvantages were to be -encountered. These have all been surmounted by the conduct of the -troops themselves; and the enemy has been taught, that whatever -advantages of position or of numbers he may possess, there is -inherent in the British officers and soldiers a bravery that knows -not how to yield,--that no circumstances can appal,--and that will -ensure victory when it is to be obtained by the exertion of any -human means." - - - - - HISTORICAL RECORD - - OF - - THE SEVENTH REGIMENT, - - OR - - THE ROYAL FUSILIERS: - - CONTAINING - - AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT - IN 1685, - - AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES - TO 1846. - - - COMPILED BY - - RICHARD CANNON, ESQ., - ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, HORSE-GUARDS. - - - ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. - - - LONDON: - PARKER, FURNIVALL, & PARKER, - 30 CHARING CROSS. - - MDCCCXLVII. - - - - - LONDON: Printed by W. CLOWES and SONS, Duke Street, Stamford Street, - For Her Majesty's Stationery Office. - - - - - THE SEVENTH REGIMENT, - - OR - - THE ROYAL FUSILIERS, - - BEARS IN THE CENTRE OF ITS REGIMENTAL COLOUR, - THE _ROSE_ WITHIN THE _GARTER_ AND THE _CROWN_ OVER IT; - AND IN THE CORNER _THE WHITE HORSE_; - - ALSO THE WORD - - "MARTINIQUE," - - FOR ITS GALLANT CONDUCT AT THE CAPTURE OF THAT ISLAND IN 1809; - - AND THE WORDS - - "TALAVERA," "ALBUHERA," "BADAJOZ," - "SALAMANCA," "VITTORIA," "PYRENEES," "ORTHES," - "TOULOUSE," "PENINSULA," - - TO COMMEMORATE ITS DISTINGUISHED SERVICES IN THE - PENINSULA AND SOUTH OF FRANCE - FROM 1809 TO 1814. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - YEAR PAGE - - 1685 Formation of the Regiment 1 - - ---- Names of Officers 3 - - ---- Uniform of the Regiment 4 - - 1688 Augmentation of the Establishment 6 - - 1689 Proceeds to Holland 8 - - ---- Battle of Walcourt - - - 1690 Returns to England 9 - - ---- Proceeds to Ireland, and is engaged in the Sieges - of Cork and Kinsale 10 - - 1691 Embarks for Flanders -- - - ---- Serves the Campaign under King William III. 11 - - 1692 Battle of Steenkirk -- - - 1693 Battle of Landen 13 - - 1694 Reviewed by King William III. 15 - - 1695 Siege of Namur 16 - - 1696 Arrives at Gravesend, but returns to Flanders - without landing in England 18 - - ---- Joins the Army of Flanders under the Prince of - Vaudemont -- - - 1697 Returns to England -- - - ---- Placed on a Peace Establishment -- - - 1698 Proceeds to Jersey and Guernsey -- - - 1702 Forms part of the force employed in the Expedition - under the Duke of Ormond against Cadiz 19 - - 1702 Capture of the Towns of Rota, Port St. Mary's, and - Fort St. Catherine 19 - - ---- Sails for England, after having destroyed the Enemy's - Shipping at Vigo 20 - - 1703 Employed as Marines on board the Fleet -- - - 1705 Stationed at Plymouth -- - - 1706 Proceeds to Barcelona 21 - - 1707 Stationed in Spain -- - - ---- Capture of Lerida 22 - - 1708 Returns to England -- - - 1709 Proceeds to Spain 23 - - 1710 } - TO } Stationed at Minorca -- - 1719 } - - ---- Returns to England -- - - 1719 } - TO } Stationed in Ireland -- - 1727 } - - 1734 Proceeds to Gibraltar -- - - 1749 Returns to Ireland -- - - 1751 Authorized by Royal Warrant to continue to bear - certain Distinctions 24 - - 1755 Arrives in England from Ireland -- - - 1756 Serves as Marines on board the Fleet under - Admiral Byng -- - - ---- Engaged with the French Fleet off Minorca -- - - ---- Forms part of the Garrison of Gibraltar -- - - 1763 Embarks for England -- - - 1765 Proceeds to Scotland -- - - 1770 Returns to England -- - - 1773 Embarks for Canada -- - - 1775 Forms part of the Garrison of St. John's and Fort - Chambly 25 - - ---- Siege of Quebec 26 - - 1776 Operations in Canada 27 - - ---- Proceeds to New York -- - - 1777 Action at Staten Island -- - - ---- Capture of Forts Montgomery, Clinton, and - Constitution 29 - - ---- Engaged with the Americans at Philadelphia 30 - - 1779 Capture of Newhaven -- - - ---- Expedition against Fairfield and Norwalk 31 - - 1780 Capture of Charleston 32 - - 1781 Engagement at Cow-Pens 33 - - 1782 Stationed in South Carolina and New York -- - - 1783 Returns to England 34 - - ---- Reduction of Establishment -- - - 1786 Proceeds to Scotland -- - - 1790 Embarks for Gibraltar -- - - 1791 Proceeds to Canada -- - - 1794 Stationed in Nova Scotia -- - - 1795 Formed into two Battalions 35 - - 1796 Incorporated into one Battalion -- - - 1802 Proceeds to Bermuda and the Bahamas 36 - - 1804 A second Battalion added -- - - 1806 Returns to England 37 - - 1807 The First Battalion proceeds to Ireland -- - - ---- ------------------- embarks for Denmark -- - - ---- Siege of Copenhagen -- - - ---- The First Battalion returns to England -- - - 1808 ------------------- embarks for Nova Scotia 38 - - ---- The Second Battalion proceeds to Ireland -- - - 1809 Capture of Martinique -- - - ---- Authorized to bear the word "MARTINIQUE" on its Colours 41 - - ---- Returns to Nova Scotia -- - - ---- The Second Battalion proceeds to Portugal 45 - - ---- Expulsion of the French from Oporto -- - - 1809 Battle of Talavera 46 - - ---- Authorized to bear the word "TALAVERA" on its Colours 48 - - 1810 Removal of the First Battalion from North America - to the Peninsula 49 - - ---- Battle of Busaco 50 - - 1811 Siege of Olivenza 53 - - ---- Blockade of Badajoz -- - - ---- Battle of Albuhera 54 - - ---- Authorized to bear the word "ALBUHERA" on its Colours 62 - - ---- Blockade of Ciudad Rodrigo 65 - - ---- Action at Aldea de Pont -- - - 1812 Capture of Ciudad Rodrigo 66 - - ---- Siege of Badajoz 67 - - ---- Authorized to bear the word "BADAJOZ" on its Colours 69 - - ---- Battle of Salamanca 71 - - ---- Authorized to bear the word "SALAMANCA" on its Colours 72 - - 1813 Attack on the village of Montevite 74 - - ---- Battle of Vittoria 75 - - ---- Authorized to bear the word "VITTORIA" on its Colours -- - - ---- Blockade of Pampeluna 76 - - ---- Battle of the Pyrenees -- - - ---- Authorized to bear the word "PYRENEES" on its Colours 79 - - ---- Passage of the Bidassoa -- - - 1814 Battle of Orthes 80 - - ---- Authorized to bear the word "ORTHES" on its Colours -- - - ---- Battle of Toulouse 81 - - ---- Returns to England 82 - - 1814 First Battalion proceeds to North America 83 - - 1815 Operations against New Orleans 84 - - ---- Attack on Mobile and Capture of Fort Bowyer 87 - - ---- Embarks for England -- - - ---- Proceeds to Flanders -- - - ---- Advances to Paris -- - - ---- Second Battalion disbanded 88 - - ---- A Recruiting Company added to the First Battalion -- - - 1816 Forms part of the Army of Occupation in France -- - - 1817 } - } Reduction of Establishment 89 - 1818 } - - 1818 Returns to England 90 - - ---- Proceeds to Ireland -- - - 1820 Embarks for Scotland -- - - 1821 Marches to England -- - - 1825 Divided into Service and Depôt Companies 91 - - ---- Service Companies embark for the Ionian Islands -- - - 1828 Stationed at Malta -- - - 1833 Depôt Companies proceed to Ireland -- - - 1836 Service Companies return to England -- - - ---- Presentation of a piece of plate by command of - His Majesty King William IV. -- - - 1837 Service Companies proceed to Ireland 92 - - 1839 Service Companies embark for Gibraltar -- - - 1841 Depôt Companies proceed to England -- - - 1844 Service Companies embark for the West Indies -- - - 1845 Depôt Companies return to Ireland -- - - 1846 The Conclusion 93 - - - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. - - - YEAR PAGE - - 1685 George Lord Dartmouth 95 - - 1689 John Earl of Marlborough 98 - - 1692 Lord George Hamilton 103 - - 1692 Edward Fitzpatrick 104 - - ---- Sir Charles O'Hara 105 - - 1713 The Honourable James O'Hara 106 - - 1739 William Hargrave 107 - - 1751 John Mostyn -- - - 1754 Lord Robert Bertie 108 - - 1776 Richard Prescott -- - - 1788 The Honourable William Gordon -- - - 1789 His Royal Highness The Duke of Kent 109 - - 1801 Sir Alured Clarke 113 - - 1832 Sir Edward Blakeney -- - - - - -PLATES. - - - Colours of the Regiment To face page 1 - - Costume of the Regiment in 1742 24 - - ----------------------- in 1846 92 - - -[Illustration: Colours of the Seventh Royal Fusiliers.] - - - - -HISTORICAL RECORD - -OF - -THE SEVENTH REGIMENT, - -OR - -THE ROYAL FUSILIERS. - - -[Sidenote: 1685] - -The invention of gunpowder was speedily followed by the -introduction of cannon; but many years elapsed before a corps of -artillery was added to the army. The guns were fired by men hired -for the purpose, under the direction of a master-gunner, and an -officer styled the Master of the Ordnance, and the whole were under -the orders of the Master-general of the Ordnance. Non-commissioned -officers and private soldiers of infantry regiments were frequently -employed as gunners; and the care and protection of the guns were -confided to particular corps. On the augmentation of the army -during the rebellion of JAMES DUKE OF MONMOUTH, in the summer of -1685, King James II. resolved, that the first infantry corps raised -on that occasion should be an ORDNANCE REGIMENT, for the care and -protection of the cannon; of which corps His Majesty appointed -GEORGE LORD DARTMOUTH, then Master-general of the Ordnance, -colonel, by commission dated the 11th of June, 1685. - -The regular regiments of foot were composed, at this period, of -MUSKETEERS,--men armed with muskets and swords; PIKEMEN,--armed -with long pikes and swords; and GRENADIERS,--armed with -hand-grenades, muskets, bayonets, swords, and small hatchets; but -in the ORDNANCE REGIMENT every man carried a long musket called a -_fusil_, with a sword and bayonet, from which peculiarity in the -arming, the regiment obtained the designation of "FUSILIERS;" and -the King being desirous of appearing publicly to patronize this new -corps, conferred upon it the title of "ROYAL FUSILIERS."[6] - -Regiments of infantry had, originally, a colour to each _company_, -which was called an _ensign_, and was carried by the junior -subaltern officer of each company, who was styled "ancient," and -afterwards "ensign," which term signified "colour-bearer." The -regiments of fusiliers did not have colours or ensigns to each -company, consequently the title of ensign or colour-bearer was -not given to the junior subaltern officer of each company; but -having, in consequence of the peculiar services they were called -upon to perform, a care and responsibility equal to that of a -lieutenant, both the subaltern officers of each company were styled -lieutenants. They were both placed on the same rate of pay; but the -terms _first lieutenant_ and _second lieutenant_ were used in their -commissions for several years, and afterwards discontinued. - -The regiment consisted of thirteen companies,--twelve of fusiliers -and one of miners; each company consisting of three officers, -three serjeants, three corporals, two drummers, and one hundred -private men. The two first companies were of very old date; having -been independent companies in the Tower of London many years; the -other ten companies were raised in London and its vicinity by -GEORGE LORD DARTMOUTH,[7] Lieutenant-Colonel THOMAS TALMASH or -Tollemache, afterwards colonel of the fifth foot and second foot -guards; Richard Fowler, Major Beckman, Henry Cornwall, Sir John -Morgan, John Boyce, Thomas Whalley, Charles Fitzwilliams, and Henry -Vaughan; and the company of miners by Captain James Adams. THOMAS -TALMASH was appointed to the lieutenant-colonelcy; and Robert St. -Clair, who commanded one of the old independent companies, obtained -the commission of major. The uniform was scarlet coats, lined with -yellow; grey breeches and grey stockings; and the men wore yellow -cloth caps, ornamented with military devices similar to those -afterwards adopted for grenadiers; the other regiments of foot wore -round hats with broad brims turned up on one side. - -The regiment was speedily raised, and on the 4th of July the -several companies were directed to proceed to the Tower of London, -and perform the duties of that fortress. The rebellion being soon -afterwards suppressed, and the Duke of Monmouth beheaded, the -regiment was reduced to eleven companies of fusiliers, of three -officers, three serjeants, three corporals, two drummers, and fifty -private soldiers each; and one company of miners, of two officers, -one serjeant, two corporals, one drummer, and forty miners. - -After the suppression of the rebellion, King James formed a camp -on Hounslow-heath; where the Scots brigade in the service of -Holland, and a numerous body of English cavalry and infantry, -were assembled, and the ROYAL FUSILIERS proceeded to the camp in -charge of the train of artillery. When the camp was broken up, -the regiment returned with the guns to the Tower of London, from -whence three companies were detached to Sheerness, where they were -directed to remain in garrison.[8] - -[Sidenote: 1686] - -During the summer of 1686 the ROYAL FUSILIERS were again encamped -in charge of the train of artillery on Hounslow-heath. The corps -assembled on the heath consisted of three troops of life guards, -nine regiments of cuirassiers, three of dragoons, and thirteen -battalions of foot. In a description of the camp, written at -the time, and published in the Antiquarian Repertory, it is -stated:--"The horse, foot, and dragoons are encamped in a straight -line; the intervals between the foot is seventy paces, the -intervals between each regiment of horse about fifty paces, and the -interval between the horse on the left and the dragoons (because -of the ground) is near half mile. The lieutenants' and ensigns' -tents are in the rear of the respective companies in a direct line, -seventeen paces from the soldiers' huts or tents; the captains' -tents twelve paces behind the lieutenants'; the colonels' tents -behind the captains', ten paces; the lieutenant-colonel on the -right of the colonel, and the major on the left in a direct line. -The brigadier-generals have their tents twenty paces behind the -colonels'. The King's tent and chappel is in the rear of the left -of the horse on the left, and the general officers' tents behind -the King's. The FUSILIERS are encamped in the rear of the line, -a good distance behind the interval between the Earl of Craven's -regiment and the Scots guards; and in several parties about the -horse carriages. The guns are planted about a hundred paces before -the line, before the interval between the Scots guards and Prince -George's regiment, guarded by a party of FUSILIERS; each gun having -two gunners and a matrosse to attend it. The suttling booths are -about two hundred paces in the rear of the line." - -In August the ROYAL FUSILIERS struck their tents, and, returning to -the Tower with the guns, were stationed at that fortress during the -remainder of the year. - -[Sidenote: 1687] - -The establishment was again augmented to thirteen companies in the -spring of 1687, as appears by the following warrant:-- - - "JAMES R. - -"Whereas we have thought fit to add one company more to Our -ROYAL REGIMENT OF FUSILIERS, and to apply the pay of one of the -non-regimented companies mentioned in Our establishment to the -entertainment of the said company of Fusiliers, with the addition -of one shilling per diem to the youngest lieutenant, and one -shilling and sixpence for the pay of one serjeant, and one shilling -for one drummer more, Our will and pleasure is, that you include -the pay of the said company, and additional allowances, within the -certificates or debentures you shall from time to time make out -for the pay of Our said ROYAL REGIMENT OF FUSILIERS, to commence -from the 1st of January last; and for so doing this shall be your -sufficient warrant. - -"Given at Our Court at Whitehall this 12th day of March, 1686-7, in -the third year of Our reign. - -"By His Majesty's Command. - - (Signed) "SUNDERLAND P. SHEP. FOX. - "BELLASIS. J. ERNLE. - - "_To the Paymaster-General_, - _&c. &c. &c._" - - -[Sidenote: 1688] - -In the summer of 1687 and 1688, the ROYAL FUSILIERS were again -encamped on Hounslow-heath. On the 1st of September, 1688, an -augmentation of ten men per company was made to the establishment, -which consisted, at this period, of eleven companies of fusiliers, -one of grenadiers, and one of miners. - -The King having manifested a determination to establish papacy and -arbitrary government, many noblemen and gentlemen solicited the -aid of William Henry Prince of Orange to enable them to oppose the -proceedings of the court. On the receipt of information of warlike -preparations in Holland, a strong detachment of the ROYAL FUSILIERS -embarked on board of men-of-war, to serve as marines, and sailed -to the Nore. The fleet was commanded by their colonel, Admiral -Lord Dartmouth, whose loyalty to King James II. was not doubted; -but the rear-admiral, Sir John Barry, and many of the captains, -inferior officers, and seamen, entertained sentiments favourable to -the Prince of Orange; no collision, however, took place. While the -English fleet was wind-bound at the mouth of the Thames, the Dutch -armament passed along the British Channel with little molestation; -the wind becoming more favourable, the English navy put to sea; but -the Prince of Orange was so far in advance, that he landed on the -Devonshire coast, on the 5th of November, without interruption; -and the wind changed immediately afterwards, and blew with such -violence, that the English fleet was driven into Portsmouth harbour -in a damaged condition. The sentiments entertained in the navy were -also prevalent in the army; the troops refused to fight in the -cause of Papacy and arbitrary government, and King James fled to -France. The ROYAL FUSILIERS landed and were ordered by the Prince -of Orange to occupy quarters at Barnet. - -From this period the ROYAL FUSILIERS ceased to be considered -exclusively as an ORDNANCE REGIMENT, and took their turn of duty -with the regular regiments of the line: the regiment was not, -however, furnished with a division of pikemen; but every man -continued to be armed with a fusil. - -[Sidenote: 1689] - -Six companies were removed from Barnet to Yarmouth, where they took -part, in February, 1689, in the proclamation of the accession of -King William III. and Queen Mary to the throne. Shortly afterwards -the regiment embarked for Holland, forming part of the force under -Lieutenant-General the Earl of Marlborough, sent to assist the -Dutch in their war with France in the place of the troops which the -Prince of Orange had brought with him to England. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS joined the Dutch army at Tongres, and served -the campaign of this year under Prince Waldeck. On the 25th of -August a piquet under Colonel Hodges was attacked by the French -forces under Marshal de Humières near _Walcourt_, and a sharp -action ensued, in which the English infantry evinced firmness -and intrepidity. The French were defeated with the loss of two -thousand men killed and wounded; and King William, writing to the -Earl of Marlborough on this subject, observed,--"I am very happy -that my troops behaved so well at Walcourt. It is to you that this -advantage is principally owing."[9] In a few days after this event -King William conferred the colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, which -had been vacant some time, in consequence of the removal of Lord -Dartmouth for adhering to the interests of King James, on the EARL -OF MARLBOROUGH, who held also the colonelcy of the third troop of -life guards. - -[Sidenote: 1690] - -Before the following campaign the regiment returned to England, -where it was stationed while King William was in Ireland, -endeavouring to rescue that country from the power of King James, -who had proceeded thither with a body of troops from France. - -King William having defeated the Irish forces and their French -allies at the Boyne, besieged Limerick. "During the time His -Majesty was before the town, it was proposed by the Earl of -Nottingham to My Lord Marlborough, and afterwards approved of in -council, as very advantageous to their Majesties' affairs, to send -a party from England, who, joining with a detachment from the -King's army, might reduce the two important garrisons of _Cork_ -and _Kinsale_, and arrangements were made accordingly; but not -being ready so soon as was designed, His Majesty, upon his return -to England, sent the EARL OF MARLBOROUGH, with his own regiment -of FUSILIERS, Brigadier Trelawny's (now fourth), Princess Anne's -(eight), Colonel Hastings' (thirteenth), Colonel Hales', Sir David -Collier's, Colonel Fitzpatrick's, one hundred of the Duke of -Bolton's, two hundred of Monmouth's under Major Johnston, with Lord -Torrington's and Lord Pembroke's marine regiments, to undertake -this service."[10] Arriving at _Cork_ roads on the 21st of -September, the fleet entered the harbour on the following day, and -the co-operation of part of the army on shore having been secured, -the ROYAL FUSILIERS and other corps landed and commenced the siege. -A breach having been made, the ROYAL FUSILIERS and three other -English regiments, commanded by Brigadier-General Churchill, and a -body of Danes, passed the river wading up to the arm-pits to the -east marsh, in order to storm the wall on that side. The grenadiers -led the attack; but before they gained the breach, the Irish hung -out a white flag, and agreed to surrender; the garrison, consisting -of six regiments, became prisoners of war. - -From Cork the ROYAL FUSILIERS advanced towards _Kinsale_; the -garrison vacated the town and retired to two strong forts. One of -these forts was speedily reduced; the other held out until the -middle of October, when the garrison surrendered on the condition -of being permitted to proceed to Limerick. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS were afterwards placed in garrison at Kinsale, -where they remained three months. - -[Sidenote: 1691] - -The loss of the battle of Fleurus on the 21st of June, 1690, by the -Dutch troops under Prince Waldeck, gave the French the ascendancy -over the confederates in Flanders; and the ROYAL FUSILIERS were -selected to augment the forces in that country, where His Majesty -resolved to command in person. The regiment embarked from Cork -in January 1691, and sailing for Flanders experienced very -severe weather at sea, and two vessels, having on board part of -the FUSILIERS, were wrecked on the English coast, and many men -perished. The remainder of the regiment landed at Ostend and went -into quarters in West Flanders, where it was joined by a fine -body of recruits and by a number of men who had been left sick at -Kinsale. - -When the army took the field, the ROYAL FUSILIERS were formed in -brigade with the regiments of Bath (tenth), Hodges (sixteenth), and -Fitzpatrick (afterwards disbanded), commanded by Brigadier-General -Churchill, and served the campaign of this year with the main army -commanded by King William; but no general engagement occurred. -The regiment passed the winter in cantonments among the Belgic -peasantry. - -[Sidenote: 1692] - -The Earl of Marlborough, having fallen under the displeasure of -King William, was removed from his commands, and was succeeded in -the colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS by Lord GEORGE HAMILTON by -commission dated the 23rd of January, 1692. - -On the army taking the field, the regiment was again placed in the -brigade commanded by Brigadier-General Churchill, and it served -at the battle of _Steenkirk_ on the 24th of July, 1692. On this -occasion the leading column attacked the French forces commanded by -Marshal Luxemburg with signal gallantry and success; but owing to -the thick woods, with narrow and difficult defiles, which the army -had to pass, together with the tardiness of Count Solms in obeying -His Majesty's commands, some delay occurred. The ROYAL FUSILIERS -and a few other corps hastened through the defiles, and formed -line at the skirts of the wood, where they were exposed to a heavy -cannonade, and lost several men. In consequence of the delay which -had occurred, the King ordered a retreat, and the French did not -venture to attack the army in its retrograde movement. - -Sir Robert Douglas having been killed in the act of rescuing the -colours of the first battalion of the Royals from the enemy, -was succeeded in the colonelcy of that regiment by Lord George -Hamilton; and the command of the ROYAL FUSILIERS was conferred on -Colonel EDWARD FITZPATRICK, from a newly-raised regiment, which had -been disbanded. - -On the 22nd of August the regiment was detached from the main army, -with several other corps, under Lieutenant-General Talmash, to -Furnes, where the troops encamped until the fortifications were put -in a state of defence; the ROYAL FUSILIERS afterwards proceeded to -Dixmude, and were employed in repairing the works;[11] and after -the completion of this service, they marched into quarters at -Ghent, where they passed the winter. - -[Sidenote: 1693] - -Leaving Ghent in May, 1693, the regiment was in line at the -celebrated position of Parck camp, where it was formed in brigade -with the Royals (first), Queen Dowager's (second), Prince George -of Denmark's (third), and the Queen's (fourth) regiments under -Brigadier-General Churchill. After several movements the army was -posted near the village of _Landen_, where it was attacked on -the 19th of July by a French army of very superior numbers under -Marshal Luxemburg. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS were posted near the right of the confederate -army, where a slight entrenchment had been made during the -preceding night. As the first rays of morning light appeared in -the horizon, waving masses of glittering arms, traversing the -undulating grounds in front, gave indication of an approaching -enemy, when the artillery opened a heavy fire, and the battle -began. For some time the FUSILIERS were spectators of the -action, while much fighting took place at the villages of Laér, -Neer-Winden, Neer-Landen, and the fortune of the day was everywhere -in favour of the confederates; but eventually the position was -forced at the village of Neer-Winden, and the Hanoverian Cavalry -were broken. Heavy columns of pikemen and musketeers, consisting -of the French brigades of Vermandois, Nice, Roussillon, and Sare, -flanked by dragoons, and preceded by a cloud of grenadiers, -approached the ground where the ROYAL FUSILIERS were posted. -Colonel Fitzpatrick was at the head of the regiment, and directed -the men to reserve their fire until the near approach of their -opponents. As the French soldiers sprang forward with their -characteristic energy, and threw a shower of hand-grenades over -the breast-work, a well-directed volley from the FUSILIERS rent -chasms in the French ranks; but the survivors, being supported by -an immense superiority of numbers, and urged forward by Marshal -Villeroy, renewed the attack; while the marshal led a chosen body -of men to the charge, and forced the right of the entrenchment. -The ROYAL FUSILIERS, and other corps at this part of the field, -were attacked in front and flank, and a sanguinary conflict ensued. -Colonel Fitzpatrick was carried from the field wounded, yet the -FUSILIERS stood their ground; ranks of opponents ascended the -breast-work, and were speedily cut down or forced back. At length -the British battalions were overpowered and driven from their -ground. Stung with resentment at this disaster, they speedily -rallied, and, rushing sword in hand upon their opponents, they -once more regained the lost ground. A momentary pause ensued; but -soon a fresh body of opponents renewed the fight, and the British -regiments were again overpowered by superior numbers. The FUSILIERS -evinced the stern valour of British soldiers; their commanding -officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Whalley, fell mortally wounded; Major -Wilson was removed bleeding to the rear; yet they disputed the -ground with sanguinary tenacity until all chance of ultimate -success had passed away, when they withdrew from the field, -and joining a large body of infantry under Lieutenant-General -Talmash, retired by the brook Beck upon Dormal, and thence to -Lewe. The enemy attempted to interrupt the retreat; but the -British battalions facing about to confront their pursuers, the -French halted, and the retrograde movement of this body of men -was performed with trifling loss; the remainder of the army had, -however, to pass the river Gheet by a narrow bridge, and the -defiles becoming choked with gun-carriages, the rear was severely -handled by the French, and the King narrowly escaped being taken -prisoner. - -The loss of the regiment on this occasion was very severe: among -the killed were Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Whalley, an officer -of distinguished merit, who raised one of the companies of the -regiment at its formation in 1685, and Lieutenants Fairbrother, -Cooper, and Blackmore; Captain Ruthwin died of his wounds: among -the wounded were Colonel Edward Fitzpatrick, Major Wilson, Captains -Harte, Betsworth, and Withers, and Lieutenant Fletcher; the loss in -non-commissioned officers and private soldiers was very great; but -the exact number has not been ascertained. - -The regiment was employed in the movements of the main army until -the end of the campaign, when it returned to Ghent, where it was -stationed during the winter, together with three battalions of -foot-guards, and the Queen Dowager's regiment of foot. - -[Sidenote: 1694] - -In the spring of 1694 a numerous body of recruits from England -replaced the losses of the preceding campaign, and when the -regiment took the field, it was reviewed by King William, and -complimented on its martial appearance, and the steadiness with -which it performed the simple manœuvres practised at that period. -It served in the brigade under the orders of Brigadier-General -Erle, and performed many long and toilsome marches in Flanders and -Brabant; but no general engagement occurred, and it passed another -winter in barracks at Ghent. - -[Sidenote: 1695] - -When the season for taking the field, in the spring of 1695, -arrived, the British monarch appeared at the head of a splendid -army of British, Spaniards, Dutch, and Germans; in the preceding -years His Majesty had been satisfied with arresting the progress -of the French arms; but in 1695 he resolved to wrest the strong -and important fortress of _Namur_ from the power of Louis XIV. -Colonel Fitzpatrick, having been eighteen months in England to -recover of his wounds, rejoined the army on the 19th of June, and -was placed at the head of a brigade, of which his own regiment of -FUSILIERS formed part. King William attacked Fort Kenoyne, and -having drawn the French forces to the Flanders side of their line -of entrenchments, he invested _Namur_. The ROYAL FUSILIERS were -detached from the army at Wonterghem to take part in the siege, -and pitched their tents at Templeaux, a post about five miles from -the town. On the 6th of July they were on duty in the trenches; on -the 8th they marched into the lines of circumvallation, and in the -evening of the same day a detachment was engaged in a successful -attack on the covered way upon the hill of Bouge. The attack was -made about seven in the evening; and such were the spirit and -energy with which the British soldiers rushed upon their opponents, -that the palisades were speedily broken down,--the covered way -carried,--the French overpowered and chased among the works, many -of them throwing themselves into stone pits to escape the fury of -their assailants. - -This success stimulated the soldiers to fresh exertions, and on -the 17th of July, when the ROYAL FUSILIERS were directed to take -part in the storming of the counterscarp, they engaged in this -service with a cheerful alacrity, which proved the ardour which -glowed in every breast. The grenadiers led the assault, and, -rushing to the glacis, cast their grenades over the palisades into -the covered way. Following up this attack with spirit, the French -were overpowered, the counterscarp was carried in gallant style, -and the ROYAL FUSILIERS were thanked by King William for their -distinguished bravery. They had Lieutenant Dancy killed and Captain -Negus wounded; also a number of private men killed and wounded. -The siege was prosecuted with vigour, and with such success that -before the end of July the town was delivered up, Marshal Boufflers -retiring with the garrison into the castle. - -One hundred and thirty-six pieces of cannon and fifty mortars -opened their fire on the castle of _Namur_ on the 11th of August, -and being continued without intermission, breaches were made in the -Terra Nova and Cohorne, and on the night of the 20th of August, a -detachment of the ROYAL FUSILIERS was engaged under Lord Cutts in -the attack of the counterscarp and breach of Terra Nova, and had -several men killed and Captain Groves, Lieutenant Rainsford, and -a number of men wounded. The fire of the artillery was continued, -and preparations were made for another assault; but the further -effusion of blood was prevented by the surrender of the place. -After the repair of the works, the King, being satisfied with the -capture of so important a place, dismissed the army to its winter -quarters, and the FUSILIERS returned to their usual station at -Ghent. - -[Sidenote: 1696] - -During the following winter a conspiracy was formed in England for -the assassination of King William: at the same time an insurrection -was organised, and a French army was assembled near the coast -to aid in the replacing of King James on the throne. A body of -troops was immediately ordered to return from Flanders; and the -ROYAL FUSILIERS embarked at Sas van Ghent, sailed from thence to -Flushing, where the transports were placed under the convoy of -Dutch men-of-war, and, afterwards resuming the voyage, arrived at -Gravesend in March, 1696. The plot had, however, been discovered, -the conspirators arrested, and the British fleet was manned and -sent to sea; the French monarch's designs were thus frustrated, and -the FUSILIERS returned to Flanders without landing in England. - -During the campaign of 1696 the regiment served with the Brabant -army commanded by King William; but no fighting took place. In -the beginning of September it joined the army of Flanders under -the Prince of Vaudemont, and, encamping near the village of St. -Michael, was employed in constructing works for the protection of -Bruges. In October it marched to Ghent. - -In November, 1696, Brigadier-General Sir Charles O'Hara was -appointed colonel of the ROYAL REGIMENT OF FUSILIERS, in succession -to Brigadier-General Fitzpatrick, drowned. - -[Sidenote: 1697] - -Leaving Ghent on the 13th of March, 1697, the regiment proceeded -into village quarters between Brussels and Malines. Two companies -were detached to form part of the garrison of Oudenarde, and the -remainder subsequently encamped behind the forest of Soignies, -where the men suffered much from wet weather and from the want of -their clothing, which was due, but had not arrived from England. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS took part in the operations of this campaign. -In September a treaty of peace was signed at Ryswick, and during -the winter the regiment returned to England; at the same time its -numbers were reduced to a peace establishment. - -[Sidenote: 1698] - -In August, 1698, the regiment proceeded to Jersey and Guernsey, to -relieve a corps of marines which was ordered to be disbanded. - -[Sidenote: 1701] - -[Sidenote: 1702] - -The regiment remained in Jersey and Guernsey until 1702, when the -accession of Philip Duke of Anjou (grandson of Louis XIV.) to the -throne of Spain, to the prejudice of the House of Austria, had -involved Europe in another war. This violation of existing treaties -was followed by the Courts of France and Spain acknowledging the -Pretender as King of Great Britain. Queen Anne declared war against -France and Spain, and in the summer of 1702 three companies of -the ROYAL FUSILIERS were called from Jersey and Guernsey to take -part in an expedition, under the Duke of Ormond, against the city -of _Cadiz_; their colonel, Major-General Sir Charles O'Hara, was -also employed in this enterprise. The fleet arrived off the coast -of Andalusia in Spain, and a landing was effected in the middle -of August, within a short distance from Cadiz. The wind being -high, about thirty boats crowded with soldiers were overturned -by the surge, and above twenty men of the ROYAL FUSILIERS were -drowned. The towns of _Rota_, and Port St. Mary's with _Fort St. -Catherine_, were captured; but the fortress of Cadiz was found too -strong, and the garrison too numerous to be reduced by the small -expedition sent against it. The wealthy and flourishing town of -Port St. Mary's was found deserted by the inhabitants, the houses -well furnished, and much valuable merchandise in the warehouses. -Strict discipline not being preserved, the town was plundered, -and a great quantity of property was removed on board the fleet. -Several officers were charged with participating in the plunder, -and Sir Charles O'Hara was implicated and brought to trial, but -was acquitted. The capture of Cadiz being found impracticable, -the troops re-embarked, and sailed for England; but while at -sea, information was received of the arrival of a valuable -Spanish fleet under a French convoy, at the harbour of _Vigo_, -and the expedition immediately proceeded thither. A landing was -effected on the south side of the river, above _Vigo_; a strong -fort and a battery were captured; the British fleet forced an -entrance, and the French and Spanish shipping were all captured or -destroyed. The fleet afterwards returned to England; and the Duke -of Ormond received the thanks of parliament for his success in -this enterprize. The three companies of the FUSILIERS were landed -and placed in garrison at Tilbury, excepting fifty men, who were -sent to the West Indies to complete Brigadier-General Gustavus -Hamilton's regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1703] - -[Sidenote: 1704] - -[Sidenote: 1705] - -The war being continued, the ROYAL FUSILIERS were employed during -the summer of 1703 as marines on board the fleet: they afterwards -landed, and were placed in garrison at Portsmouth, from whence a -detachment was sent to the Isle of Wight in August, 1704. In 1705 -the regiment was stationed at Plymouth. - -[Sidenote: 1706] - -In the meantime several regiments had been sent to Portugal; an -armament under the Earl of Peterborough had captured _Barcelona_, -and Catalonia and Valencia had declared in favour of Archduke -Charles of Austria, who was acknowledged as sovereign of Spain -by Great Britain, Holland, &c. The house of Bourbon assembled a -well-appointed army and a powerful fleet to retake Barcelona, -which was besieged by King Philip in April, 1706. King Charles -remained in the city, that his presence might inspire confidence -in the garrison, which was weak and ill provided with the means of -defence. Succours were sent from England, and the ROYAL FUSILIERS -were embarked for this service. On the approach of the British -squadron the French fleet retired. The ROYAL FUSILIERS landed at -Barcelona on the 8th of May, and immediately marched to the breach -to repel an expected attack by storm, which did not, however, take -place. The arrival of the British fleet with reinforcements decided -the fate of the town; and the army of King Philip raised the siege -and retired, leaving its battering train and magazines behind. - -From Barcelona the ROYAL FUSILIERS marched a distance of -forty-seven miles, to Gironne, a fortified town of Catalonia, -situated at the base of a steep mountain, with the river Tar -running through the town. Here the regiment passed in comfortable -quarters among the Spaniards the remainder of the year 1706 and -the early part of 1707. Provisions and wine were abundant, and the -regiment was preserved in a state of efficiency. - -[Sidenote: 1707] - -While the ROYAL FUSILIERS were at Gironne, the allied British, -Portuguese, and Dutch army, was overpowered on the plains of -Almanza on the 25th of April, 1707. Soon after this disaster the -ROYAL FUSILIERS traversed the country from Gironne to _Lerida_ -(anciently called _Ilerda_), a place celebrated in history for the -beauty of its situation, the fertility of the adjacent country, and -for having been the capital of the country of the Ilergetes long -before the first invasion of Spain by the Romans. At this pleasant -city, situated on the declivity of a hill on the west bank of the -Segra, the ROYAL FUSILIERS remained a short time, expecting the -approach of the victorious French and Spanish forces. The officers -and soldiers could view the ground where Scipio defeated Hanno, -the Carthaginian general, and where Julius Cæsar conquered the -lieutenants of Pompey; but no hope of victory could be entertained -by the ROYAL FUSILIERS in the approaching contest, the disparity of -numbers being too great. - -The garrison of Lerida consisted of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, Wills's -marines (now thirtieth regiment), with one Portuguese and two -Dutch battalions, commanded by Prince Henry of Hesse d'Armstadt -and Major-General Wills. A powerful French and Spanish army under -His Royal Highness the Duke of Orleans and the Duke of Berwick -invested the town on the 10th of September, and, having effected a -breach, gave a general assault on the 12th of October. The garrison -defended its post with admirable courage and resolution, and the -firmness and steady valour of the ROYAL FUSILIERS were conspicuous. -The enemy having made a lodgment, the garrison vacated the town, -and retired to the castle at the top of the hill, where a vigorous -defence was continued until the water and provisions were expended, -when the fortress was surrendered on honourable terms. The garrison -marched, out on the 12th of November with colours flying, taking -with them all their baggage and two pieces of cannon, and proceeded -to join the army under the Earl of Galway. - -[Sidenote: 1708] - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS, having sustained considerable loss in the -defence of Lerida, returned to England in the spring of 1708 to -recruit, and their colonel, Major-General Sir Charles O'Hara, was -advanced to the peerage by the title of BARON TYRAWLEY. - -[Sidenote: 1709] - -During the winter of 1708 and spring of 1709 the regiment occupied -extensive cantonments in Devonshire and Somersetshire, and its -ranks were rapidly recruited. - -This year Lieut.-General Stanhope formed the design of surprising -Cadiz, and concerted measures with Admiral Sir George Byng, on -board of whose squadron he embarked from Port Mahon with two -regiments of foot, and sailed to Gibraltar to await the arrival of -a body of troops from England. The ROYAL FUSILIERS were selected -to take part in this enterprise, and they embarked at Portsmouth -on board of the squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Baker; but the -fleet was detained so long by contrary winds, that it did not reach -Portugal until October, when the season was too far advanced for -prosecuting this adventure, and the regiment sailed to Barcelona. - -[Sidenote: 1710] - -[Sidenote: 1711] - -[Sidenote: 1712] - -[Sidenote: 1713] - -The island of Minorca having been captured in 1708, the ROYAL -FUSILIERS were selected to form part of the garrison of that -important place during the remainder of the war, which was -terminated in 1713 by the Treaty of Utrecht. By this treaty Minorca -was ceded to Great Britain, and the regiment was one of the corps -destined to remain on the island. - -On the 29th of January, 1713, the colonelcy was conferred on the -Honourable James O'Hara, in succession to his father, James Lord -Tyrawley. - -[Sidenote: 1714] - -[Sidenote: 1719] - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS remained at Minorca until the spring of 1719, -when they were relieved, and arrived at Plymouth in May of that -year; in July they proceeded to Ireland, where they continued until -1727. - -[Sidenote: 1727] - -In 1727, when the Spaniards besieged Gibraltar, the regiment was -ordered to return to England, and it was subsequently held in -readiness to join the Dutch in their war with Austria; but no -embarkation took place. - -[Sidenote: 1728] - -[Sidenote: 1734] - -The regiment remained in Great Britain until 1734, when it -proceeded to Gibraltar. - -[Sidenote: 1739] - -Lord Tyrawley having been removed to the fifth horse (now fourth -dragoon guards) in August, 1739, his lordship was succeeded in the -colonelcy by Major-General William Hargrave, from the ninth foot. - -[Sidenote: 1749] - -Leaving Gibraltar in 1749, the regiment proceeded to Ireland, where -it was stationed six years. - -[Sidenote: 1751] - -In the royal warrant dated 1st July, 1751, the ROYAL FUSILIERS -are authorized to bear the following distinctions. "In the centre -of their colours, the ROSE within the GARTER, and the CROWN over -it; the WHITE HORSE in the corners of the second colour. On the -grenadier caps the Rose within the Garter, and Crown as in the -colours. White Horse and motto over it, _Nec aspera terrent_. The -same device of the Rose within the Garter, and Crown on their drums -and bells of arms, with the rank of the regiment underneath." - -[Sidenote: 1754] - -On the decease of General Hargrave in January, 1751, the command -of the ROYAL FUSILIERS was conferred on Colonel John Mostyn, who -was removed, in August, 1754, to the thirteenth dragoons, and was -succeeded by Colonel Lord Robert Bertie. - -[Sidenote: 1755] - -[Sidenote: 1756] - -In the spring of 1755 the regiment embarked from Dublin, and, -having landed at Liverpool, occupied quarters in England until the -breaking out of the Seven Years' War, when it was embarked on board -the fleet commanded by Admiral Byng, in March, 1756, to serve as -marines, and sent to the Mediterranean to endeavour to preserve -_Minorca_ from the power of the French. It served at the engagement -with the French fleet off Minorca on the 20th of May; but the -enemy had previously landed an army, and captured the whole island -excepting Fort St. Philip, and the relief of this fort was not -attempted. The admiral was afterwards brought to trial and shot. - -[Sidenote: 1763] - -[Sidenote: 1765] - -[Sidenote: 1773] - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS landed at Gibraltar, and were stationed at that -fortress during the remainder of the war. In 1763 they embarked -for England; in 1765 they proceeded to Scotland; but returned to -England in the spring of 1770, and in April, 1773, they embarked -for Canada. - -[Illustration: Private Bn. Coy., 1742.] - -[Sidenote: 1774] - -After performing garrison duty at Quebec several months, the -regiment embarked for Montreal, and occupied several posts in Lower -Canada. - -[Sidenote: 1775] - -While the ROYAL FUSILIERS were in Lower Canada, the -misunderstanding between Great Britain and her North American -colonies, on the subject of taxes, attained a crisis; thirteen -states united against the mother-country, and, hostilities having -commenced, the Congress resolved to attempt the conquest of Canada. -The only regular forces in Lower Canada, at this period, were the -SEVENTH and twenty-sixth regiments, and their number being weak, -they were unequal to the defence of this extensive province against -the very superior numbers of the enemy: the eighth foot were in -upper Canada. - -In May, 1775, a body of Americans surprised and captured the posts -of Ticonderoga and Crown-point; and this success was followed by -the advance of two divisions of the American army at different -points. The British governor, Lieut.-General Carlton, sent the -ROYAL FUSILIERS and twenty-sixth from Montreal to _St. John's_, -where they were employed in constructing two redoubts. - -In the autumn one division of the American army, under Colonel -Montgomery (a native of Ireland, who had quitted the British -service a short time before, and settled at New York), besieged -_St. John's_. The garrison, consisting of five hundred and fifty -men of the SEVENTH and twenty-sixth, and a few Canadian volunteers, -commanded by Major Charles Preston of the twenty-sixth, had but a -small supply of ammunition and provision, and the works were in an -imperfect state, yet a most gallant resistance was made. - -The American commander turned the siege into a blockade, and -invested _Fort Chambly_, where Major the Honourable Joseph -Stopford of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, and about eighty men, were in -garrison. This post kept up the communication between St. John's -and Montreal; but the works were not in a good condition; the place -was not deemed capable of resisting artillery, and no effectual -resistance could, consequently, be made against the very superior -numbers of the enemy. The garrison surrendered on the 20th of -October. - -After this success Colonel Montgomery resumed the siege of _St. -John's_, and the SEVENTH and twenty-sixth regiments made a -determined resistance. The hardships they endured were borne with -patience; they were often knee-deep in mire, and were reduced to -half-allowance of provision; yet they held out with the most heroic -bravery until their strength was exhausted, and no chance of being -relieved remained, when they surrendered. Thus at the commencement -of the war the ROYAL FUSILIERS were nearly all made prisoners. - -The enemy subsequently advanced upon Montreal, and Lieut.-General -Carlton, being deserted by the Canadians, and without the means of -defence, retired down the river St. Lawrence to Quebec, accompanied -by a party of the ROYAL FUSILIERS. - -_Quebec_ was besieged by two divisions of Americans under Colonels -Montgomery and Arnold, and the garrison, of which sixty men of the -ROYAL FUSILIERS formed part, defended the place with firmness and -intrepidity; the winter was particularly severe, and the soldiers -of both sides served amidst ice and snow. About five o'clock on the -morning of the 31st of December, during a storm of sleet and snow, -the Americans made a general assault with the view of carrying the -place by storm; but the garrison withstood the tempest of war with -such determined resolution, that the storming party was repulsed -with the loss of between six and seven hundred men; Colonel -Montgomery was killed, and Colonel Arnold wounded. The garrison -only lost one officer and four private soldiers killed, and seven -private soldiers wounded. - -[Sidenote: 1776] - -After this repulse the Americans turned the siege into a blockade, -and placed their troops in village cantonments: in April, 1776, -they resumed the siege, and the British defended the place with -resolution. In the early part of May reinforcements arrived from -England, and on the 6th of that month Lieut.-General Carlton -marched out of the fortress at the head of the garrison to attack -the American camp, when the besieging army made a precipitate -retreat, leaving its artillery, stores, scaling ladders, &c., -behind. The British followed their opponents up the country, -recovered Montreal, and drove the Americans out of Canada. - -In the meantime a detachment of the regiment had arrived at Boston -from England, and on the evacuation of Boston, it proceeded to -Halifax in Nova Scotia. - -In October, 1776, Lord Robert Bertie was appointed to the command -of the second troop (now second regiment) of life guards; and -the colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS was conferred on their -lieut.-colonel, William Prescott, by commission dated the 12th of -November, 1776. - -In the autumn of this year the ROYAL FUSILIERS transferred their -services from Canada to New York; as the men taken prisoners were -exchanged, the numbers of the regiment were increased; clothing -and appointments arrived from England, and the regiment occupied -quarters for the winter at Amboy in Middlesex county. - -[Sidenote: 1777] - -From Amboy the ROYAL FUSILIERS were removed to _Staten Island_, -which was attacked in August, 1777, by the Americans under General -Sullivan, who were repulsed with loss. - -At this period a British force under Lieut.-General Burgoyne -was advancing from Canada upon Albany; at the same time another -British army under General Sir William Howe was proceeding against -Philadelphia; and Lieut.-General Sir Henry Clinton, who commanded -at New York, resolved to penetrate into Jersey for a diversion in -favour of both armies. The ROYAL FUSILIERS, with several other -corps, were accordingly embarked for this service, and on the 12th -of September effected a landing at four different places without -meeting with serious opposition. The SEVENTH, twenty-sixth, and -fifty-second regiments, with a body of German grenadiers and three -hundred provincials under Brigadier-General Campbell, landed at -Elizabeth-Town-Point, at about four in the morning, and advanced -up the country: the enemy opposed the march, and a sharp firing -was kept up throughout the day. The King's forces, however, had -the advantage; they took Newark, and were advancing on Aquakinack, -when they received orders to halt and wait the advance of the -troops which had effected a landing at the other points. The enemy -afterwards appeared in force, and several skirmishes occurred, but -the British succeeded in capturing four hundred head of cattle, -four hundred sheep, and a few horses. On the 16th of September the -ROYAL FUSILIERS marched to Bergen Point, where they re-embarked -and returned to Staten Island, without the loss of one man in this -expedition, and with only Lieutenant Haymer and one private soldier -wounded. - -In October of the same year the ROYAL FUSILIERS were embarked to -join an expedition against the enemy's forts up _Hudson's River_. -About three thousand men were collected for this service from New -York and the lines at Kingsbridge; and having embarked on board -of transports, were convoyed up the river by some frigates and -other armed vessels under Commodore Hotham. The troops landed at -day-break on the 6th of October at Stony-point, and arrangements -were immediately made for the attack of _Forts Montgomery_ and -_Clinton_. The troops had to march a distance of twelve miles -over mountains, and to overcome many obstructions; they, however, -surmounted every difficulty, and attacked the forts by storm on the -same day. As the Americans were prepared, and their works strong, -they made an obstinate defence; but nothing could withstand the -ardour of the royal troops, and every corps gained a share in the -glory. _Fort Constitution_ was also taken on the 7th of October. -Not far from these forts was a new settlement called _Continential -Village_, where there was a barrack for fifteen hundred men. The -ROYAL FUSILIERS, with two German corps and two three-pounders, were -sent against this place, and having destroyed the settlement and -burnt the barrack and stores, the troops returned. - -Notwithstanding these successful diversions, Lieut.-General -Burgoyne experienced great difficulties in his advance, and -eventually, his troops being exhausted with fatigue and privation, -his advance opposed by superior numbers, and his retreat cut off, -he capitulated. The army under General Sir William Howe had better -success, and captured Philadelphia. The enemy having despatched -part of the force originally opposed to Lieut.-General Burgoyne, to -join their army of the south under General Washington, the ROYAL -FUSILIERS were sent from the vicinity of New York to reinforce the -army in Pennsylvania, and in the early part of December they were -engaged in a skirmish with the Americans in front of Philadelphia; -but only lost one man. - -[Sidenote: 1778] - -Louis XVI. having acknowledged the independence of the revolted -British States in America, and concluded a treaty of alliance with -them, Great Britain declared war against France; and as the French -had agreed to assist the Americans, a concentration of the British -forces was deemed advisable. The army accordingly retired in June, -1778, from Philadelphia, and crossed the Delaware, and proceeded -through the Jerseys, from whence it embarked for New York. Numerous -obstacles had to be overcome in this retreat, and the troops -suffered much from the excessive heat of the weather: some sharp -skirmishing also took place, but the ROYAL FUSILIERS do not appear -to have sustained any loss. - -[Sidenote: 1779] - -The regiment remained at the lines near New York until the summer -of 1779, when it was employed in an expedition commanded by -Major-General Tyron, sent into East Sound with a view of drawing -General Washington from the strong post which he occupied in the -mountains into Connecticut for the defence of the towns on that -coast. The fleet arrived at the harbour of _Newhaven_ on the 5th -of July, and the first division of the Army, which consisted of -the flank companies of the guards, ROYAL FUSILIERS, fifty-fourth -regiment, and a detachment of Jagars, with four field-pieces, -under Brigadier-General Garth, landed about five o'clock in the -morning a mile south of the town, and advanced, making a circuit of -seven miles to gain the head of the creek on the western side of -the place. Some skirmishing occurred on the march, but the King's -troops overcame all opposition and took possession of the town: -at the same time the second division landed and took post at Rock -Fort. On the following day the troops destroyed all the public -stores, and part of the ordnance, with a number of vessels, and -afterwards re-embarked, bringing off six field-pieces and an armed -privateer. On the 7th of July the fleet anchored off the village -of _Fairfield_; the British troops landed and defeated a party -of Americans; the enemy kept firing from windows and the tops of -houses, which provoked a band of loyal emigrants to set the place -on fire, by which the town and a number of boats were destroyed. -On the 11th of July the fleet sailed to the bay of _Norwalk_. The -troops landed on the following day and advanced against the town. -"The FUSILIERS, supported by the light infantry of the guards, -began the attack, and soon cleared the quarters--pushing the main -body of the enemy and an hundred cavalry from the northern heights, -and taking one piece of their cannon. After many of the salt-pans -were destroyed, whale-boats carried away on board the fleet, and -the magazines, stores, and vessels set in flames, with the greatest -part of the dwelling-houses, the advanced-corps were drawn back, -and the troops retired in two columns to the place of our first -debarkation, and, unassaulted, took ship and returned to Huntingdon -bay."[12] This expedition did not produce the desired effect in -the movements of the American general. The troops were ordered to -return to New York. Major-General Tyron stated in his despatch--"I -should do injustice if I closed this report without giving every -praise to the troops I had the honour to command."[13] - -The ROYAL REGIMENT OF FUSILIERS lost five men in this expedition, -and had three serjeants and nineteen men wounded. - -During the autumn of this year the operations of the army were -limited to defensive measures; but in December an attack on the -opulent province of South Carolina was determined on, and the ROYAL -FUSILIERS formed a part of the force employed on this service, -which was commanded by General Sir Henry Clinton. - -[Sidenote: 1780] - -The troops having embarked, the fleet and convoy sailed from -New York on the 26th of December, and after experiencing much -tempestuous weather, which separated the fleet and occasioned the -loss of several transports, arrived at the Savannah about the end -of January, 1780, and gained the harbour of North Edisto, on the -coast of South Carolina, in February. The troops were immediately -landed, and took possession of John's and James's Island, the -ROYAL FUSILIERS taking post at Stono-ferry on John's Island. The -passage of the Ashley River was effected on the 29th of March, and -on the 1st of April the army besieged _Charlestown_. The works -were carried on with perseverance and judgment, and, on the 11th -of May, all things being ready for a general assault, the governor -capitulated, and ten American regiments, with three battalions of -artillery, and the town and county militia, became prisoners of war. - -The loss of the royal army in this siege was only seventy-six -killed and one hundred and ninety wounded, including all ranks. The -ROYAL FUSILIERS had one man killed and two wounded. - -[Sidenote: 1781] - -The regiment appears to have been in garrison during the remainder -of this year; and in January, 1781, it was ordered to proceed to -Fort Ninety-Six, which place was then besieged by the Americans; -but when on the march, the regiment received orders to join a body -of troops under Lieutenant-Colonel Tarleton, and march against -General Morgan, who was posted at Pacolet with a strong division of -the American army. "The progress of the King's troops was greatly -impeded by heavy rains, which swelled the rivers and creeks; yet -Lieutenant-Colonel Tarleton conducted his march so well, and got so -near to General Morgan (who was retreating before him), as to make -it dangerous for him to pass the Broad-River, and came up with him -at eight o'clock A.M. on the 17th of January, at a place called -_Cow-Pens_. The attack was begun by the first line of infantry, -consisting of the SEVENTH regiment, the infantry of the legion, and -the corps of light infantry annexed to it: a troop of cavalry was -placed on each flank: the first battalion of the seventy-first, -and the remainder of the cavalry, formed the reserve. The enemy's -line soon gave way, and their militia quitted the field; but our -troops having been thrown into some disorder by the pursuit, -General Morgan's corps faced about and gave them a heavy fire: this -unexpected event occasioned the utmost confusion in the first line. -The two three-pounders were taken, and I fear the colours of the -SEVENTH regiment shared the same fate."[14] - -In this unfortunate engagement the Royal Fusiliers sustained a very -serious loss in killed, wounded, and taken prisoners. - -[Sidenote: 1782] - -[Sidenote: 1783] - -The regiment was subsequently placed in garrison in South Carolina, -where it remained until 1782; when, the British Government having -been induced to concede the independence of the United States, -pacific overtures were made, which were succeeded by a cessation of -hostilities. South Carolina was evacuated, and the ROYAL FUSILIERS -proceeded to New York, where they remained until the conclusion of -the treaty of peace in 1783, when they returned to England; at the -same time the establishment was reduced to eight companies. - -[Sidenote: 1784] - -[Sidenote: 1785] - -[Sidenote: 1786] - -After occupying quarters at Gloucester and Plymouth, the regiment -proceeded to Scotland in the spring of 1786. - -[Sidenote: 1788] - -[Sidenote: 1789] - -On the decease of General Prescott in the autumn of 1788, the -colonelcy was conferred on Major-General the Honourable William -Gordon, who was removed in April, 1789, to the seventy-first -regiment, and the colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS was conferred on -PRINCE EDWARD (fourth son of King George III.), afterwards DUKE OF -KENT. - -[Sidenote: 1790] - -In 1790 the regiment embarked from Leith and the Isle of Man for -Gibraltar, and, arriving at that important fortress in August, -occupied the King's barracks, under the command of its colonel, His -Royal Highness PRINCE EDWARD. - -[Sidenote: 1791] - -[Sidenote: 1792] - -[Sidenote: 1793] - -From Gibraltar the regiment embarked, in May, 1791, for -Canada,--the right wing under PRINCE EDWARD on board His Majesty's -ship "Ulysses," and the left wing under Captain Shuttleworth in -the "Resistance;" both wings landed in August at Quebec, where the -regiment was stationed, under PRINCE EDWARD'S command, nearly three -years: His Royal Highness afterwards proceeded to the West Indies, -and acquired a reputation for valour and intrepidity at the capture -of Martinique, St. Lucie, and Guadaloupe. - -[Sidenote: 1794] - -Two companies of the regiment were detached in June, 1794, from -Quebec to Halifax, in Nova Scotia, and in October of the same year -the regiment proceeded to that station. - -[Sidenote: 1795] - -[Sidenote: 1796] - -A strong draft of recruits arrived from England in September, -1795, and the regiment was formed into _two battalions_. Both -battalions were, however, incorporated, in April, 1796, into -_one_,--consisting of fifty-four serjeants, twenty-two drummers, -and a thousand rank and file; and the supernumerary men were -transferred to the fourth, or the King's own regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1797] - -[Sidenote: 1798] - -[Sidenote: 1799] - -PRINCE EDWARD, having returned from the West Indies, was appointed -Commander of the Forces in Nova Scotia and its dependencies, and -was subsequently promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General. The -ROYAL FUSILIERS experienced the advantage of His Royal Highness's -assiduous attention to their interests; his military virtues,--his -liberality,--his care to bring merit into notice, and to procure -suitable rewards for the well-conducted,[15] with his constant -attention to everything calculated to promote the welfare of the -regiment, endeared his name in the grateful remembrance of the -officers and soldiers; at the same time, the facility with which -he procured a constant supply of fine recruits for his corps, -with his indefatigable efforts to inculcate the true principles -of subordination in the regiment, and to bring it into a state of -perfection in discipline, occasioned the ROYAL FUSILIERS to become -one of the most efficient corps in the service,--distinguished -alike for its uniform and warlike appearance,--excellent conduct -in quarters,--and the superior style in which it performed its -exercises and field movements. His Royal Highness having returned -to England on account of ill health, was created, on the 23rd -of April, 1799, EARL of DUBLIN in Ireland, and DUKE of KENT and -STRATHEARN in Great Britain. - -[Sidenote: 1801] - -In August, 1801, the DUKE of KENT was removed to the first -or the royal regiment; and was succeeded in the colonelcy by -Lieut.-General Sir Alured Clarke from the fifth foot, who had -commanded the ROYAL FUSILIERS during a great part of the American -war. - -[Sidenote: 1802] - -After passing eleven years in the protection of the British North -American provinces, the regiment embarked from Nova Scotia, the -right wing under Lieut.-Colonel Layard, for Bermuda, and the left -wing under Brevet Lieut.-Colonel Burrows for the Bahamas; and both -wings arrived at their destinations in October and November, 1802. - -[Sidenote: 1804] - -[Sidenote: 1805] - -While the regiment was in the West Indies, a _second battalion_ was -added to its establishment, and formed of men raised for limited -service in the West Riding of Yorkshire, under the provisions -of the Additional Force Act, passed in July, 1804. The second -battalion was placed on the establishment on the 25th of December, -1804, and in 1805 it marched from Yorkshire to Winchester.[16] - -[Sidenote: 1806] - -[Sidenote: 1807] - -In July, 1806, five companies embarked from Bermuda, and landed at -Plymouth in August; they were followed by the five companies from -the Bahamas, which landed at Plymouth in November and December. -The first battalion, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel the Honourable E. -M. Pakenham, received a draft of between four and five hundred men -from the second, and, embarking at Liverpool for Ireland, landed -at Dublin in the beginning of January, 1807: the second battalion, -commanded by Lieut.-Colonel William J. Myers, remained in England. - -Information having been obtained that Napoleon, Emperor of France, -purposed employing the navy of Denmark against Great Britain, an -armament was prepared for obtaining possession of the Danish fleet -by treaty or force. The first battalion of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, -having been inspected by Major-General Leith, and commended -for its appearance and discipline, was withdrawn from Ireland -to take part in this enterprise. It embarked from Dublin in -July,--landed at Liverpool,--marched to Hull, from whence it sailed -to Denmark, and, disembarking on the island of Zealand, joined -the army under General Lord Cathcart, and was employed in the -siege of _Copenhagen_. After a bombardment of three days the city -surrendered, and the Danish fleet was delivered up. The British -troops afterwards returned to England; the ROYAL FUSILIERS landed -in November at Portsmouth, from whence they proceeded to Lewes, -where another draft of nearly four hundred men was received from -the second battalion. - -[Sidenote: 1808] - -Returning to Portsmouth in January, 1808, the first battalion -embarked immediately for Nova Scotia; the fleet called at Bermuda -to leave the thirteenth regiment, and afterwards proceeding direct -to Nova Scotia, the ROYAL FUSILIERS landed at Halifax in the middle -of April. - -In May, 1808, the second battalion embarked at Tilbury Fort for -Ireland, and landed at Monkstown in the middle of June. - -Soon after its arrival at Nova Scotia, the first battalion was -selected to proceed, with other corps under the command of -Lieut.-General Sir George Prevost, to the West Indies to take part -in an expedition against the French island of _Martinique_. - -[Sidenote: 1809] - -The armament assembled at Carlisle-bay in Barbadoes, under the -command of Lieut.-General Beckwith, and sailing on the 28th of -January, 1809, arrived off Martinique on the following day. At -four o'clock on the afternoon of the 30th the ROYAL FUSILIERS -landed at Malgré Tout, in Bay Robert, and marched that evening -through difficult roads to De Manceaux's estate. After a few hours' -repose the troops resumed their march to Papin's, where part of -the division halted; but the ROYAL FUSILIERS and grenadier company -of the first West India regiment pushed forward to the heights on -De Bork's estate, where they passed the night. On the following -day they were joined by the Royal Welsh Fusiliers and the light -infantry battalion; when Lieut.-Colonel Pakenham advanced with the -ROYAL FUSILIERS, supported by the light battalion, to the heights -of _Morné Bruno_. From this post the ROYAL FUSILIERS, with the -rifle company of the twenty-third, and grenadiers of the first -West India regiment, advanced, supported by the Welsh Fusiliers, -against the height of _Desfourneaux_. The French, under General -De Houdelot, were advantageously posted on the declivity of the -hill, with a river in their front, and their left protected by -artillery. Lieut.-Colonel Pakenham, with the flank companies of -the SEVENTH, and rifle company of the twenty-third, turned the -enemy's right; the light battalion moved against the enemy's -left; and the battalion companies of the SEVENTH, and grenadiers -of the first West India regiment, advanced against the front. -Animated by a spirit of emulation and a thirst for glory, the -British troops rushed onward with enthusiasm; the ROYAL FUSILIERS -forded the river under a heavy fire, and attacking their more -numerous antagonists with signal gallantry, drove the French from -their formidable position in disorder. Lieut.-Colonel Pakenham -continued his victorious career against the heights of _Surirey_, -and being gallantly supported by the twenty-third regiment, the -soldiers under his orders, animated by the zeal and ardour of -their brave leaders, overcame obstacles of a formidable character -with heroic valour; they carried the hill, and, by a spirited -charge, forced the French to take shelter under the guns of their -redoubts. In this attack the valour and judgment of Lieut.-Colonel -Pakenham, and the excellence of the FUSILIER BRIGADE, were -conspicuous. Lieut.-General Sir George Beckwith observed in -General Orders:--"The Commander of the Forces desires to express -his entire approbation of the manly conduct of the troops engaged -yesterday, and desires that the general officers and soldiers will -be pleased to accept his thanks, and to assure them that he will -not fail to lay their merit before the King. Lieutenant-General -Sir George Prevost having reported the unremitting exertions of -Lieutenant-Colonel the HONOURABLE EDWARD MICHAEL PAKENHAM, of the -ROYAL FUSILIERS, the Commander of the Forces feels great pleasure -in making this known to the army." - -The regiment had Captain Taylor (acting Deputy -Quarter-Master-General) and nine rank and file killed; two -serjeants, one drummer, and fifty-six rank and file wounded; four -rank and file missing. - -The French occupied a second position, strengthened by two -redoubts connected by an entrenchment. On the 2nd of February -the British made a movement to extend their right, and the ROYAL -FUSILIERS were again engaged, and manifested the same heroic -ardour and superiority over the enemy as on the preceding day. -Lieutenant-Colonel Pakenham led the FUSILIERS, supported by the -light battalion, against the enemy's advanced redoubt, in open -day, and the spirited conduct of the officers and men was again -eminently displayed: but it appearing to the commander of the -expedition that the redoubts would be gained with a loss beyond the -value of the acquisition, the FUSILIERS were ordered to desist. -The loss of the regiment was one serjeant and twenty rank and file -killed; Lieutenant-Colonel Pakenham, Captains Row and Cholwich, one -serjeant, one drummer, and fifty-eight rank and file wounded, three -men missing. The enemy afterwards abandoned the redoubt and spiked -the cannon. - -On the following day a general order was issued, in which it was -stated--"The benefit the advanced corps under Lieutenant-General -Sir George Prevost have produced to His Majesty's service, from -the gallant and successful attack made upon Morné Bruno and the -heights of Surirey, on the 1st instant, by the first brigade of -the army and the light battalion under Brigadier-General Hoghton, -demands from the Commander of the Forces a reiteration of his -acknowledgments, and his assurance to the brigadier-general, and -to the commanding officer of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, of the Royal -Welsh Fusiliers, and of the light battalion, also to the officers, -non-commissioned officers, and soldiers of those regiments, that he -will not fail to lay their meritorious exertions before the King. -The exertions of all the corps engaged yesterday were conspicuous; -and although the state of the works possessed by the enemy did not -admit of their being carried by the bayonet, which rendered it -the general's duty to direct the corps employed to retire, they -manifested a spirit and determination which, when tempered by less -impetuosity, will lead to the happiest results." - -_Fort Bourbon_ was afterwards besieged; and on the surrender of -this place the French marched out (7th March) and laid down their -arms; the ROYAL FUSILIERS and the two other battalions of the first -brigade receiving each an EAGLE from the French regiments, with a -proportion of brass drums, &c. - -The capture of this valuable island having been achieved, the -troops were again commended in general orders for their excellent -conduct: and the ROYAL FUSILIERS were subsequently honoured with -the privilege of bearing the word "MARTINIQUE" inscribed on -their colours, as a mark of royal favour and approbation. Brevet -Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney received a gold medal for his conduct -in this service. - -After the completion of this brilliant enterprise, the ROYAL -FUSILIERS returned to Nova Scotia; before embarking they were again -commended in general orders. They sailed from Martinique on the -15th of March, and arrived at Halifax in April. - -Lieutenant-Colonel Pakenham being anxious to stimulate the ROYAL -FUSILIERS to good conduct by distinguishing merit, assembled a -board of officers for that purpose, and the names of the following -non-commissioned officers and soldiers were recorded in the "BOOK -OF MERIT." - -Serjeant Thomas Simpson for meritorious and gallant conduct at -Martinique. Quarter-Master-Serjeant Timothy Meagher, Serjeants John -Ledsam, John Henry, John Day, William Harris, William Inchbold, -Joshua Redshaw, Thomas Beale, Thomas Miller, George Kenney, ---- -Willson, George Clementson, Corporal Dove, Drummer Thomas Maud, -Privates William Vagg, Mark Ewing, Benjamin Price, James Haughney, -Nathaniel Moss, and James Delamy for general good conduct; -Serjeants Meagher and Henry were afterwards promoted to commissions. - -In April, 1809, Lieutenant and Adjutant Orr, a most meritorious -officer, was promoted to a company, on which occasion the -serjeants presented him with an address, expressive of their -regard and gratitude for the manner in which he had performed -the duty of adjutant. This circumstance was, however, deemed a -departure from strict discipline, and the Commander-in-Chief -in North America, General Sir James Craig, declared in General -Orders, that the serjeants had been guilty, unintentionally, -of an act of insubordination.[17] The sentiments expressed in -this order obtained the concurrence of the Commander-in-Chief -of the Army, who stated in orders;--"The reason for which the -Commander-in-Chief has directed the circulation of this Order, -is, that he may avail himself of this opportunity of declaring to -the army his most perfect concurrence in the sentiments therein -expressed by the distinguished and experienced officer by whom it -was framed, on a subject which appears to have been by some very -much misunderstood.--The circumstance of inferiors of any class of -military men assembling for the purpose of bestowing praise and -public marks of approbation on their superiors, implies a power of -deliberation on their conduct which belongs to the Sovereign alone, -or to those officers who may be intrusted with the command and -discipline of the troops. It is a procedure equally objectionable -whether in the higher or lower ranks of the army; and as the -Commander-in-Chief cannot but regard it as a principle subversive -of military discipline, he trusts it is a practice which will be -for ever banished the British service: and he directs commanding -officers to act accordingly. - -"By command of the Right Honourable the Commander-in-Chief, - - "HARRY CALVERT, - "Adjutant-General." - - * * * * * - -In the meantime the second battalion had embarked from Cork to -join the British army in Portugal under Lieutenant-General Sir -John Craddock; it landed at Almeda, opposite to Lisbon, in April, -and mustered upwards of six hundred and fifty officers and men, -commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir William Myers, baronet: -the ROYAL FUSILIERS and second battalion of the fifty-third -regiment, with one company of the sixtieth, formed a brigade -under Brigadier-General Alexander Campbell. Soon afterwards -Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Wellesley arrived in Portugal to -command the army. - -In May the combined British and Portuguese forces advanced against -the French under the celebrated Marshal Soult, who had captured -_Oporto_ by assault about five weeks previously, and occupied that -city with a numerous body of veterans. The British general advanced -upon Oporto, and the ROYAL FUSILIERS had the honour of taking part -in the masterly movements by which the legions of Napoleon were -driven from that city on the 12th of May, pursued through the wild -and mountainous districts in the north of Portugal, and forced to -abandon their artillery and ammunition, and to save themselves by a -precipitate flight. - -After this success the army retired to Abrantes, where the ROYAL -FUSILIERS were encamped nearly three weeks; they subsequently -advanced into Spain to aid the patriotic Spaniards in their -attempts to expel the French from their country, the British being -joined by a Spanish force under General Cuesta. Having entered -Spain, the army proceeded along the valley of the Tagus, and halted -near _Talavera de la Reyna_. The Spaniards pushed forward, but were -speedily driven back by the advance-guard of the French army under -Joseph Buonaparte, who bore the title of King of Spain. A British -brigade covered the retreat of the Spaniards, and the allied army -went into position near Talavera, the Spaniards occupying the -strong ground on the right, and the British extending to the left -along the more exposed part of the field. In the centre, between -the two armies, there was a commanding spot on which a redoubt -had been commenced, with some open ground in its rear; at this -important post the ROYAL FUSILIERS were stationed, with several -other corps under Brigadier-General Campbell, and they proved -themselves worthy of the trust reposed in them. - -The French attacked the left of the British position on the evening -of the 27th of July, and were repulsed. The attack was renewed at -daylight on the following morning, and British skill and valour -were again triumphant. A short respite ensued while the French -generals held a council of war; but soon after mid-day their army -was seen in motion. The British stood to their arms and calmly -awaited the approach of the hostile legions; a cloud of light -troops covered the front of the French army; they were followed -by four dense columns, protected by eighty guns; and the ROYAL -FUSILIERS beheld the torrent of battle advancing towards them -with the fury of a tempest, threatening instant destruction to -all opposition. The fourth corps came rushing forward with such -impetuosity that it speedily cleared the intersected ground in -front, and attacked the ROYAL FUSILIERS and other corps on the -right of the British line with terrific violence. The British -regiments met the storm of war with unshaken firmness, and breaking -in on the front of the advancing columns, and assailing their wings -with a heavy fire, forced them back with a terrible carnage: the -ROYAL FUSILIERS rushed gallantly forward to the muzzles of the -French artillery, and, after an obstinate resistance, captured -seven guns, which the enemy endeavoured to re-capture, but in -vain. The French veterans rallied on their supports, and appeared -resolute on another attack, but they were assailed by so tremendous -a fire of artillery and musketry, that they retired in disorder, -and thus victory was secured in this part of the field. Sir Arthur -Wellesley observed in his despatch,--"I was highly satisfied -with the manner this part of the position was defended;" he also -mentioned the second battalion of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, commanded -by Lieutenant-Colonel SIR WILLIAM MYERS, among the corps which had -particularly distinguished themselves, and thanked the battalion -and its commanding officer in orders. The French were repulsed at -every point of attack, and they withdrew from a contest in which -the superiority of the British troops was eminently displayed. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS had Lieutenant Beaufoy and six rank and file -killed; Lieutenants Kerwan and Muter, Adjutant Page, one serjeant, -two drummers, and fifty-one rank and file wounded; one private -soldier missing. Their commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir -William Myers, was rewarded with a gold medal; and the regiment was -subsequently authorised to bear the word "TALAVERA" inscribed on -its colours as an honorary distinction for its gallantry on this -occasion. - -In the subsequent part of this campaign the battalion sustained -considerable loss from disease; but it was not engaged in actual -conflict with the enemy. - -During the summer Lieutenant-Colonel the Honourable EDWARD MICHAEL -PAKENHAM, commanding the first battalion in Nova Scotia, was placed -on the staff of the army in Portugal. The affable deportment, -amiable disposition, and liberality of this brave and zealous -officer, with his gallantry in the field, and his assiduous -attention to the interests, comfort, reputation, and efficiency -of the regiment during the series of years he had served with the -ROYAL FUSILIERS, had procured him the regard and esteem of every -member of the corps. Previously to his leaving the battalion, the -officers obtained his consent to have his portrait taken, and -presented him with a sword valued at two hundred guineas, as a mark -of their sincere regard for him as an officer and a gentleman, -and of their admiration of his manly virtues and zeal for the -service. The command of the first battalion devolved on Brevet -Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Blakeney, who devoted himself to the -good of the service, and preserved the battalion in its high state -of discipline and efficiency; it was employed at the out-posts of -Nova Scotia, and occupied George's Island, Melville Island, Point -Pleasant, York Redoubt, &c. - -[Sidenote: 1810] - -On the 1st of January, 1810, the first battalion mustered upwards -of a thousand officers and soldiers, and events occurred soon -afterwards which occasioned the removal of this fine body of men -from North America to the theatre of war in the Peninsula, where -the Spaniards and Portuguese were struggling for independence -against the forces of France, and where a British army sent to aid -the patriots was acquiring never-fading laurels under Sir Arthur -Wellesley, who had been created Viscount Wellington. - -The French army in Spain having received numerous reinforcements, a -powerful and well-appointed force advanced under Marshal Massena, -Prince of Esling, to complete the conquest of Portugal; and the -very superior numbers of the enemy rendered it necessary for -the British army to limit itself to the defence of Lisbon. Lord -Wellington, however, resolved to maintain a forward position as -long as possible, and among the reinforcements sent to his aid -was the first battalion of the ROYAL FUSILIERS. On this occasion, -Lieutenant-General Sir George Prevost stated in orders:--"On the -departure of the ROYAL FUSILIERS the Lieutenant-General commanding -acknowledges with pride and pleasure that this corps is an instance -among British soldiers of the union of regularity and good conduct -in quarters with patience and valour in the field of battle. -Lieutenant-General Sir George Prevost has that opinion of the -commanding officer, the officers, non-commissioned officers, and -privates of this already distinguished corps which induces him to -pronounce his confidence that the ROYAL FUSILIERS will maintain -their reputation on whatever service they may be employed, and that -when called upon to face the enemy of their country, they will -again add to their own fame, and exalt the glory of the British -arms." - -The first battalion landed at Lisbon on the 27th of July, every -man in health and under arms, and after a short repose advanced -up the country to join the army in the field. On passing Thomar, -the battalion halted a few days, and was reviewed by Major-General -Leith and the Portuguese General, Miranda, who expressed their -admiration of the appearance of the officers and men, and of the -ease and steadiness with which they manœuvred in battalion and -performed light infantry movements. After the review the battalion -advanced to Villa Cortez; and on the surrender of Almeida the army -withdrew to the rocks of _Busaco_, where it took up a position -to oppose the superior numbers of the enemy, whose commander -vaunted he would drive the English into the sea, and plant the -eagles of France on the towers of Lisbon. The first battalion of -the ROYAL FUSILIERS was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney, -and formed in brigade with the seventy-ninth, under Colonel the -Honourable Edward M. Pakenham, in the first division commanded by -Lieutenant-General Sir Brent Spencer; the second battalion was -commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir William Myers, Baronet. - -The British and Portuguese troops were in line on the ridge of -the lofty and precipitous hills of Busaco; in front lay the army -of Massena on another range of heights, and the dark mountains -were crowned with the bivouac fires of the opposing bands. On the -morning of the 27th of September, as the light appeared, the fire -of musketry commenced between the advanced posts stationed in the -deep hollows which separated the two armies: shortly afterwards the -French columns of attack appeared, and throwing forward crowds -of skirmishers, they speedily emerged from the hollow beneath, -and assailed the British position with that impetuosity which -distinguishes the first onset of French soldiers. They were opposed -by the unconquerable firmness of British soldiers; the heads of -columns were pierced by musketry, and charged with the bayonet; -and the formidable masses of veteran Frenchmen were overthrown -and driven down the mountain sides with a terrible clamour and -confusion, leaving crowds of killed, wounded, and prisoners behind. -Being unable to overcome the steady valour of the British infantry, -the French commander desisted, and the allied army stood triumphant -on the contested heights. The ROYAL FUSILIERS were stationed on a -portion of this range of rocks which was not seriously attacked, -and their loss was limited to two private soldiers killed, -Lieutenant Mair, and twenty-two rank and file wounded. Colonel -Pakenham, commanding the brigade, was rewarded with a gold medal. -After this vain attempt to force the rocks of Busaco, the French -commander made a flank movement to turn the left of his opponent's -position; when the allied army withdrew to the lines of _Torres -Vedras_, and there opposed a resistance which the French marshal -did not attempt to force. - -While the opposing armies confronted each other, several sharp -actions took place between the advanced posts; and on the 13th of -October a company of the ROYAL FUSILIERS was ordered to drive back -a reconnoitring party of the enemy which had entered the village -of _Burlada_, situate between the two armies. This service was -performed with distinguished gallantry, and the French were driven -back at the point of the bayonet. - -After searching in vain for a vulnerable part in the British -lines, the French commander, instead of driving the English -leopards into the sea, retired to the strong position of Santarem; -Lord Wellington advanced, and, establishing a series of posts to -watch his opponents, placed his army in cantonments. - -The twenty-third, or Royal Welsh Fusiliers, having arrived from -America, the two battalions of the SEVENTH and first battalion of -the twenty-third were constituted a brigade under the command of -Colonel the Honourable Edward M. Pakenham: it was designated the -"FUSILIER BRIGADE," and attached to the fourth division commanded -by Major-General the Honourable Lowry Cole: the first battalion of -the SEVENTH was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir William Myers, -and the second by Lieut.-Colonel Blakeney. - -[Sidenote: 1811] - -In January, 1811, Colonel the Honourable E. M. Pakenham was placed -at the head of the Adjutant-General's department, and the command -of the FUSILIER BRIGADE was intrusted to Major-General Houstoun. -The brigade was stationed, at this period, at Aveiras de Cima. - -At length disease, want of provisions, and the impregnable lines -of Torres Vedras, turned the vain boasting of the French commander -into defeat; he retraced his steps towards Spain, covering -wantonly, and with brutal cruelty, the line of his retreat with -rapine, bloodshed, devastation, and burning villages. The ROYAL -FUSILIERS moved forward in pursuit; several skirmishes occurred, -and, on the 12th of March, the brigade was in line near _Redinha_ -(a town in the central part of Portugal, in the province of Beira), -and advancing to attack the rear column of the French army under -one of Napoleon's most active and enterprising generals, NEY; but -as the British ranks moved majestically forward in firm array, the -French fired a volley and instantly fled under the cover of the -smoke towards Condexia. - -In the meantime Marshal Soult, being at the head of another French -army, had captured _Badajoz_, the capital of Spanish Estremadura; -also _Olivenza_, another fortified town on the west frontier of -Spain; and a detachment from his army had besieged _Campo Mayor_, -a barrier fortress of Portugal, in the province of Alemtejo; -and on the 14th of March the ROYAL FUSILIERS were detached to -the Alemtejo, to join the forces under Marshal Sir William Carr -Beresford, and take part in the relief of Campo Mayor, and in the -re-capture of Badajoz and Olivenza. While on the march, Campo Mayor -surrendered; and the British, continuing their route, arrived -before the town on the 25th of March, as the French columns -were marching out, when the thirteenth light dragoons and some -Portuguese cavalry charged with great gallantry, and threw the -enemy into confusion. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS were stationed at Campo Mayor about a -fortnight, and were subsequently employed in the siege of -_Olivenza_, which was terminated in seven days by the surrender of -the garrison on the 15th of April. The loss of the regiment was -limited to one man killed and one wounded. - -This success was followed by the siege of the strong fortress -of _Badajoz_, situated on a beautiful plain on the Guadiana,--a -noble river five hundred yards broad; and the ROYAL FUSILIERS were -employed in this service. Marshal Soult, who had retired after the -capture of this fortress in March, quitted Seville, and, assembling -a powerful force, advanced to its relief. The allied army turned -the siege into a blockade, and moving forward to meet the advancing -foe, took up a position at _Albuhera_. The ROYAL FUSILIERS formed -part of the blockading force, but were subsequently ordered to -join the army; and they arrived in position about nine o'clock on -the morning of the 16th of May, at the moment when the French were -advancing to commence one of the most obstinate and sanguinary -actions in which British troops were ever engaged. The FUSILIER -BRIGADE, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Sir WILLIAM MYERS, of the -SEVENTH, was ordered to form in an oblique line behind the right; -the first battalion of the SEVENTH was commanded by Major John -Mervin Nooth, and the second by Lieut.-Colonel Edward Blakeney. - -Being favoured by a height which the allies had neglected to -occupy, the French commander concentrated behind it fifteen -thousand men and forty guns, within ten minutes' march of the right -wing of the allied army, without his opponent's knowledge; at the -same time he extended the remainder of his forces along the woody -banks of the Feria, towards its confluence with the Albuhera. A -little before nine on the morning of the 16th of May, these troops -issued from the woods in one massive column, supported by a second, -flanked by cavalry and preceded by artillery, and attacked the -bridge, where they met with a formidable resistance. The British -general, anticipating the principal effort would be against his -right, directed the Spaniards under General Blake to change front, -and the second division to support them: but the Spanish general -delaying to execute the movement, the enemy was among his troops -before they were completely formed. A destructive cannonade, a -heavy fire of musketry, and the approach of some French squadrons -menacing to charge, put the Spaniards into disorder, and they fell -back fighting. The French columns pushed forward; their reserves -mounted the heights in their rear, and their batteries were brought -into line. - -The retrograde of the Spaniards laid open the position of the -allied army, and the only good road by which a retreat could -be conducted was exposed. To remedy this disaster, the leading -brigade of the second division rushed forward; it was speedily -under a destructive fire; a heavy rain concealing distant objects; -and four regiments of French lancers and hussars having turned -the right flank in the obscurity, charged the British battalions -in the rear at the moment when they developed their attack, and -slew or took prisoners nearly two-thirds of their numbers: one -battalion, being in column, maintained its ground, while the French -horsemen overthrew all other opposition, and captured six guns. -A lancer attacked Marshal Beresford, who pushed the lance aside, -and, grappling with the lancer, threw him from his horse. Another -British brigade came boldly into the fight, repelling a charge of -lancers on its flank; the remaining brigade of the second division -arrived; a Spanish corps moved forward, and the enemy's infantry -recoiled; but soon recovering, renewed the conflict with greater -violence than before. The fighting became vehement, and more than -two-thirds of every British corps engaged had fallen, when their -ammunition began to fail, and the enemy established a column in -advance upon the right flank. The tide of success was evidently -flowing in favour of the French, when the fourth division was -ordered to the heat of the conflict, and a brigade of the second -division, which had only been slightly engaged, rushed forward into -the fight. At this moment a number of captured British soldiers -were being hurried to the rear of the French army; the enemy's -reserves were pushing forward to reinforce their front;--the field -was covered with heaps of dead bodies;--the lancers were riding -furiously about the upper part of the hill spearing wounded men, -and six pieces of artillery were in the hands of the French. - -A crisis had arrived, and a mighty--a determined--a -desperate--effort alone could save the allied army from defeat; -at this critical moment Major-General Sir Lowry Cole led the -FUSILIER BRIGADE up the contested heights to stem the torrent -of battle and wrest the palm of victory from Napoleon's veteran -legions. The FUSILIERS--admired for their appearance--applauded -for their order and discipline--moved forward with a resolute -step to confront a host of foes; they felt the importance of the -task which devolved upon them, and knew the high character of the -troops they had to contend with; and national pride,--an _esprit de -corps_,--a noble enthusiasm to rival the regiments which triumphed -at Busaco,--and to exceed their own achievements at Martinique and -Talavera,--animated every breast; they were flanked by a battalion -of the Lusitanian legion; and mounting the hill at the moment -when a regiment of Spanish cavalry was fleeing before a body of -French dragoons, they soon drove the lancers from the contested -height, and recovered five of the captured guns. Encouraged by this -presage of victory, the FUSILIERS marched sternly onward in line, -over heaps of killed and wounded, to encounter three heavy columns -of French infantry, supported by cavalry and artillery, and each -column mustering about twice the numbers of the FUSILIER BRIGADE. - -Gallantly issuing from amidst the smoke and broken fragments of -discomfited corps, the FUSILIERS marched with a firm and solemn -step over the carcases of men and horses which obstructed their -way, and their bearing was that of men determined to decide the -fortune of a battle. The French columns were pressing onward to -complete the overthrow of the allied army, when suddenly the -surprising spectacle of a majestic line of FUSILIERS burst upon -their sight; they halted; fired a volley; then endeavoured to -deploy; and their numerous artillery sent a storm of bullets -against the British ranks. The commander of the brigade, -Lieutenant-Colonel Sir WILLIAM MYERS of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, was -killed; the commander of the division, Major-General Sir LOWRY -COLE, Lieutenant-Colonel BLAKENEY, commanding a battalion of the -ROYAL FUSILIERS, and a number of other officers, fell wounded; the -colour staves of the SEVENTH were shattered, and the colours torn; -at the same time chasms were rent in the ranks of the brigade; a -momentary pause ensued: but instantly recovering, the FUSILIERS -braved the tempest of iron and lead, and boldly confronted the -fierce and numerous bands opposed to them. As the smoke cleared, -the French beheld a line of bayonets coming upon them, and the next -moment, the thundering volleys of the FUSILIERS broke the heads -of formations. The French commander urged his veterans forward; -individuals, spurred on by an unavailing intrepidity, sacrificed -their lives to gain time for their companions to deploy;--the -columns responded to the calls of their leader, and, striving to -extricate themselves, fired on friends and foes;--the lancers on -the flanks threatened to charge; but British intrepidity could -not be shaken;--the FUSILIERS knew not how to quail! The brigade -preserved its firm array; the murderous volleys of the FUSILIERS -swept down hundreds of Frenchmen, and suddenly raising a loud -shout, they precipitated themselves upon the opposing multitudes, -and plunging fearlessly into the crowds, they closed with desperate -energy upon their opponents. The fortune of the day was no -longer doubtful; British prowess prevailed, and the French were -overpowered, slaughtered, and forced back in irremediable confusion -upon their reserves. The supporting columns endeavoured to stem -the torrent of British valour; but in vain;--the whole were driven -headlong down the ascent;--the key of the position was thus nobly -recovered, and the FUSILIERS,--breathless,--besmeared with sweat -and mud and gore,--stood triumphant upon the contested height, -surrounded with heaps of dying and dead, and wondering at the -brilliant success which crowned their manly efforts. - -While the FUSILIERS were contending on the height, fresh men were -brought forward; the French generals perceived that the day was -irretrievably lost, and withdrew their broken masses beyond the -river.[18] Numerous instances of individual gallantry occurred, -and Serjeant Gough of the first battalion having recovered the -regimental colour of the third foot, or buffs, which corps had -been nearly annihilated by the charge of the lancers, was rewarded -with a commission in the second West India regiment. - -To the ROYAL FUSILIERS, the honour of having triumphed over -superior numbers of Napoleon's veteran bands, and the glory of -having added lustre to the British arms, were justly due; but -the splendour of victory was shrouded with grief at the loss of -many brave officers and soldiers. Among others, the fall of their -commander, the brave, the chivalrous Sir WILLIAM MYERS, caused a -sense of deep sorrow. His career, though short, had been brilliant; -his manners were those of a finished gentleman and scholar, and -every action was marked with the enthusiasm of a soldier whose -noblest pride was his profession, and whose solicitude was always -alive to the interests and honour of his corps. At the early age of -twenty-eight he closed a life of honour in a death of glory. - -Return of killed and wounded of the ROYAL FUSILIERS at the battle -of ALBUHERA. - - Battalion. Officers. Sergeants. Drummers. Rank & File. Total. - 1st. { Killed 5 3 .. 59 67 - { Wounded 10 14 .. 263 287 - - 2nd. { Killed 3 1 .. 46 50 - { Wounded 14 16 1 270 301 - ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ - 32 34 1 638 705 - -Names of officers of the ROYAL FUSILIERS present at the battle of -Albuhera. - - _First Battalion._ - Lieut.-Col. Sir William Myers, killed. - Major J. M. Nooth. - Captains Thos. Woodridge. - " Wm. F. Cholwich, wounded. - " Geo. King. - " Jas. Singer, wounded. - " Jno. Crowder, wounded. - Lieutenant Hy. Prevost, killed. - " A. C. Wylly. - " Thos. Moultrie, killed. - " Jno. Mair. - " Chas. J. Wemyss, wounded. - " Paul St. Paul. - " S. B. Johnstone, killed. - " T. T. A. Mullins, wounded. - " Digby Mackworth. - " T. Moses, wounded. - " Anth. Baldwin. - " Jas. Anderson. - " H. F. Devey. - " G. Henry, wounded. - " John Ormsby. - " H. J. Jones, killed. - " E. Morgan, wounded. - " Pitt Hannam. - " Johnson, wounded. - " F. Gibbons, wounded. - Adjutant Jas. Hay. - Pay-Master Jno. Armstrong. - Quarter-Master Jno. Hogan. - Assistant Surgeon Wm. Armstrong. - " M. Mahony. - - _Second Battalion._ - Major Edw. Blakeney, Lieut.-Col., wounded. - Captain Wm. Despard. - " G. Erek, killed. - " Jno. Orr, wounded. - " A. Fernie. - " Henry Tarleton, wounded. - " Richard Magines, wounded. - Lieut. Jno. Healy, wounded. - " Holt Archer, killed. - " Edward Penrice, wounded. - " W. A. Pyke. - " Ed. Irwin, killed. - " Tho. F. Wray, wounded. - " Thos. Hartley. - " H. R. Wallace. - " Wm. Green. - " Jos. Hutchison. - " T. Y. Lester, wounded. - " Geo. Seton, wounded. - " Chas. Lorentz, wounded. - " M. Orr, wounded. - " Wm. Dalgairnes. - " J. B. Fraser, wounded. - " Jno. F. Holden, wounded. - Acting Adjutant T. Meagher, wounded. - Pay-Master T. Berkeley. - Quarter-Master Crawford. - Surgeon J. Williamson. - Assistant Surgeon Duigenan. - " Sweney. - -The list of killed and wounded, containing about seven hundred -officers and soldiers, proclaims with dreadful eloquence the -sanguinary character of the contest in which the ROYAL FUSILIERS -were engaged. Their heroic conduct was subsequently rewarded with -the privilege of bearing the word "ALBUHERA" inscribed on their -colours. Major Blakeney was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy -vacant by the death of Sir William Myers; Major Nooth was rewarded -with the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the army, and Captain -Despard (who succeeded to the command of the second battalion after -the fall of Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney), with that of major. -A gold clasp was sent to the relatives of Sir William Myers; -Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney was rewarded with a gold clasp, and -Major Nooth and Captain Despard with gold medals. - -After the battle, the brigade was attached to the remains of the -second division commanded by Major-General the Honourable William -Stewart, whose estimation of the conduct of the FUSILIERS is -attested by the following letter. - - "_Almandrelejo, 26th May, 1811._ - -"SIR, - -"As you have been so kind as to permit me to transmit to you the -names of the officers of my division who commanded corps on the -16th instant, it may not be deemed irregular if, during the absence -of Major-General Cole, I forward to you the names of the officers -of the FUSILIER BRIGADE who were similarly situated. - -"The remains of that _gallant corps_ having been attached to the -second division, immediately after the action of _Albuhera_, and -the major-general of the second division having been obliged to -leave the field from a wound, I am induced to lay before you, for -such favourable report on the subject as you may deem expedient -to the Commander of the Forces, the enclosed returns which have -been put in my possession by the officer now in command of the -FUSILIER BRIGADE, and who commanded the same in action, after the -successive incapacity from wounds of his four senior officers. -_I am afraid lest by further delay the exertions of that brigade -be not sufficiently known._ From the circumstance of the FUSILIER -BRIGADE having been joined with my third brigade in the hard-fought -defence of our centre position for above three hours, and from -the severe loss sustained by the FUSILIERS on the spot, and from -the _testimony of the surrounding allied army_, I feel myself -authorised in stating that _the conduct of the Fusilier Brigade on -the 16th instant was admirable, and such as effectually secured the -victory of that day_. - -"It is a duty, moreover, which I owe to the brave soldiers under my -temporary command, to report that the second division is indebted -to the ROYAL FUSILIERS for the recapture of a six pounder, and of -a regimental colour of the third, or buffs, both of which had been -lost in the too successful attack of the enemy's cavalry, on my -first brigade, in the beginning of that day. - - "I am, &c. - "WILLIAM STEWART, - "Major-General. - - "To Marshal Beresford." - -Both battalions having sustained so severe a loss, the second -battalion transferred its men to the first, and the officers and -staff serjeants returned to England to recruit. - -After the victory at Albuhera the siege of _Badajoz_ was resumed, -the SEVENTH forming part of the covering army. A concentration of -the enemy's force having taken place, the allies withdrew behind -the Caya, where they awaited the attack of their opponents. The -French generals had drained the provinces of troops to assemble -a powerful army; but the stern character of British soldiers had -been proved, and, having relieved Badajoz, they retired without -hazarding an engagement. - -The allied army broke up from the Caya in July, and the ROYAL -FUSILIERS moved towards the northern frontiers of Portugal; they -halted a short period at the village of Aldea de Santa Margaritta, -and afterwards marched to Aldea de Bispo. Meanwhile Lord Wellington -blockaded _Ciudad Rodrigo_. - -Marshal Marmont assembled sixty thousand men, and advanced -to relieve Ciudad Rodrigo. Lord Wellington's forces were not -sufficiently numerous to warrant his hazarding a general -engagement, excepting under very advantageous circumstances; -he however held his positions; and on the 25th of September -the FUSILIER BRIGADE, under Major-General the Honourable E. -M. Pakenham, advanced to sustain a small body of troops under -Major-Generals Colville and Alten, which had been attacked at _El -Bodon_ by forty squadrons of French cavalry and fourteen battalions -of infantry with cannon. This portion of the allied army having -retrograded, the French cavalry menaced the FUSILIERS; but were -deterred charging by the steady and determined countenance of the -brigade. - -During the night Lord Wellington strengthened his position; but -afterwards withdrew to a post twelve miles behind Guinaldo. The -enemy coming forward with overwhelming numbers, his lordship -withdrew during the night of the 26th of September, covered by the -FUSILIERS and a body of cavalry. - -The French, pressing the British rear during the retrograde -movement on the 27th of September, attacked the FUSILIERS, who -were halted on a height behind the village of _Aldea de Pont_. -Lord Wellington directed the SEVENTH to charge in line down the -hill, and supported them with some Portuguese infantry. The ROYAL -FUSILIERS dashed forward in line with the steadiness of old -soldiers at a review, routed the French, and drove them down the -height, to the admiration of all present; Lord Wellington witnessed -the firm conduct of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, and expressed his -approbation of their steady and gallant bearing. The French were -afterwards repulsed in an attempt to turn the flank of the brigade -by a wood: the twenty-third Fusiliers and Portuguese Caçadores -turned the French left, and Aldea de Pont was again occupied by -the allies. It was, however, subsequently abandoned, and the army -went into position on the Coa. The French withdrew, and the ROYAL -FUSILIERS went into quarters at Villa Ciervo. The regiment had -been joined, a short time before, by three hundred and sixty-four -young soldiers from England: its loss at Aldea de Pont was nine men -killed; Captain Wylly, Lieutenants Barrington, Wallace, and Seaton, -one Serjeant, and thirty-six private soldiers wounded.[20] - -[Sidenote: 1812] - -On the 1st of January, 1812, the first battalion mustered upwards -of thirteen hundred officers and soldiers, and it was immediately -afterwards employed in the siege of _Ciudad Rodrigo_, which was -undertaken in the winter. This fortress was captured by storm -during the night of the 19th of January, 1812, while the French -marshal was assembling an army to advance to its relief. The loss -of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, during the siege, was limited to two men -killed and eight wounded. After the capture of Ciudad Rodrigo the -regiment remained at the village of Cileçes el Chico, where it was -detained several days by the swelling of the Agueda from heavy -rains: it subsequently retired and went into cantonments. - -After withdrawing from before Ciudad Rodrigo, the regiment was -allowed only a short period of repose before it was called upon to -march to Spanish Estremadura, to take part in wresting the strong -fortress of _Badajoz_ from the enemy. Leaving its cantonments near -Fuentes d'Onor on the 27th of February, it proceeded southwards; -boats were laid over the Guadiana on the 15th of March, and on -the following day Badajoz was invested by the third, fourth, and -light divisions; the ROYAL FUSILIERS, forming part of the fourth -division, were engaged in the siege. The batteries were opened, -and, notwithstanding the sallies of the French garrison under the -resolute General Phillipon, inundations from heavy rains, and other -obstructions, practicable breaches were ready in the early part -of April; and on the evening of the 6th of that month the ROYAL -FUSILIERS were under arms to take part in the storming of that -stupendous fortress. The fourth and light divisions were to march -against the breaches; the light division was to assault the bastion -of Santa Maria, and the fourth, the Trinidad, with the breach in -the curtain connecting the two bastions; one body of the grenadiers -of the fourth division, under Captain John Mair, of the ROYAL -FUSILIERS, led the attack against the bastion of Trinidad; and -another body, under Captain William Francis Cholwick, also of the -SEVENTH, led the assault on the breach in the curtain. - -Moving silently from their camp-ground along the left of the river -Rivillas and the inundations, the fourth and light divisions made -a short detour, and arrived at the glacis at the moment the third -division attacked the castle. Ladders were placed, and about five -hundred men of the light division had descended into the ditch with -the most heroic bravery, cheering as they went, when suddenly a -loud report like thunder was heard, and the storming parties were -blown to pieces by the explosion of hundreds of shells and powder -barrels. Undismayed by this terrific destruction, the men of the -light and fourth divisions raised a loud shout and plunged into -the ditch, where many men perished in the inundations; others, -after overcoming numerous difficulties, approached the breach -exposed to a most destructive fire. As they ascended, loose planks -studded with sharp iron points wounded their feet and produced -great mischief, and a range of sword-blades with sharp points -and keen-edges, firmly fixed in beams chained together and set -deep in the ruins, arrested the progress of the soldiers; at the -same time a terrible fire of musketry thinned their ranks. Again -the assailants rushed up the breaches with the most determined -resolution; but the sword-blades stopped their career, and the -thundering powder-barrels and hissing shells exploded continually. -Numerous and astonishing efforts of valour and intrepidity were -made, and the most heroic bravery displayed, yet the obstacles -were such as could not be overcome; and about midnight, when two -thousand brave soldiers had fallen, the survivors received orders -to retire, and re-form for a second attack. In the meantime the -third division had captured the castle, and a brigade had carried -the bastion of San Vincente; the town was thus forced; partial -actions afterwards took place in various places; and the governor -escaped to the fort of St. Christoval, where he surrendered. -Thus, by the union of ability, energy, and valour, two important -fortresses were captured in three months, in the face of two French -armies: the British commander was enabled to enlarge the sphere -of his operations, and these successes appeared as the first rays -of the coming glory which was about to shine resplendently on the -British arms. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS were subsequently honoured with the -royal authority to bear the word "BADAJOZ" on their colours; -Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney and Captain John Mair received medals; -but the regiment had to regret the loss of many brave men; the -casualties among the officers were so great that the command of -the division devolved on a major, all the general officers and -lieutenant-colonels being wounded. The loss of the SEVENTH may be -seen in the following returns. - -List of the Officers of the ROYAL FUSILIERS at the siege of BADAJOZ. - - Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Blakeney, wounded. - Major James Singer, killed. - Captain Wm. F. Cholwick, killed. - " George King. - " A. C. Wylly. - " John Mair, wounded. - " W. M. Hamerton. - " [21]Robt. Cuthbert, killed. - Lieutenant Paul St. Paul, killed. - " T. Moses, wounded. - " A. Baldwin, wounded. - " James Anderson. - " H. F. Devey, wounded. - " G. Henry, wounded. - " Pitt Hannam. - " W. A. Pyke, killed. - " Charles Barrington, wounded. - " T. F. Wray, killed. - " T. Hartley, wounded. - " R. F. Fowler, killed. - " H. R. Wallace. - " T. Y. Lester, wounded. - " R. Knowles, wounded. - " Honourable F. Russel, wounded. - " John George, wounded. - Adjutant James Hay. - Quarter-Master John Hogan. - Surgeon Wm. Armstrong. - Assistant-Surgeon Martin Mahony. - " William Williams. - - Officers. Serjeants. Drummers. Rank & File. Total. - Killed 7 2 .. 57 66 - Wounded 11 12 .. 143 166 - ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ - Total 18 14 .. 200 232 - -From Estremadura the ROYAL FUSILIERS retraced their steps to the -Agueda, and the army, advancing into Spain in June, drove the -French from Salamanca. The inhabitants of this city illuminated -their houses, shouted, sang, and wept for joy as the British troops -took up a position on the mountain of St. Christoval, about five -miles in advance; at the same time the forts (fortified convents) -at Salamanca were besieged. - -The French general, Marmont, advanced with a powerful army, and -a series of manœuvres followed; but he was unable to relieve the -forts, and they fell into the hands of the allies towards the -end of June, when he withdrew beyond the Douro, followed by Lord -Wellington. - -On the night of the 16th of July the ROYAL FUSILIERS marched to -_Castrejon_, to which place the fourth and light division and a -brigade of cavalry proceeded, preparatory to the assembling of -the army on the Guarena; but the French commander, having been -reinforced, passed the Douro, and attacked the troops at Castrejon -on the morning of the 18th of July. Some sharp skirmishing -occurred, and the ROYAL FUSILIERS had two men killed and fourteen -wounded; but this small body of British, being opposed to the whole -French army, withdrew behind the Guarena. A series of manœuvres -brought the allied army back to the position of St. Christoval, in -front of _Salamanca_, in the vicinity of which city the two armies -confronted each other on the 22nd of July. - -In the early part of this day about five hundred French gained -possession of a village in front of the fourth division, and -Captain JOHN CROWDER advanced with two companies of the ROYAL -FUSILIERS to dislodge them, which service was performed with such -distinguished firmness and resolution, that Lord Wellington, who -witnessed the affair, requested to know the name of the officer, -and Captain CROWDER was rewarded with the rank of major in the army. - -During the day, as the enemy attempted to gain the road leading to -Ciudad Rodrigo, his left wing was separated, during a complicated -manœuvre, from the remainder of his army; Lord Wellington was -watching the movements of his opponents from the summit of a rock, -and, detecting the fault, ordered his divisions to attack. Thus the -two armies came in contact under circumstances which proved the -superior abilities of the British commander; the ROYAL FUSILIERS, -under Major John Walwin Beatty, were soon hotly engaged, and they -steadily gained ground on the French forces opposed to them, -driving their opponents from one height to another. Eventually a -numerous body of French made a determined stand against the fourth -division; but after a severe contest they were obliged to give way. -An eminence in the centre of the enemy's position, on which he had -planted thirty pieces of artillery, was carried by the FUSILIER -BRIGADE with the most distinguished gallantry. Finally the French -were overthrown and driven from the field with great loss; and -they were indebted to the darkness of the night, the advantage of -a thick wood, and other circumstances, for the safety of those who -escaped the field of battle. - -_List of Officers of the_ ROYAL FUSILIERS _at the Battle of_ -SALAMANCA. - - Major J. W. Beatty. - " Geo. King. - Captain Jno. Crowder. - " Geo. Prescott, killed. - " H. English. - " W. M. Hamerton, wounded. - Lieutenant A. Baldwin. - " Jas. Anderson. - " G. Henry, wounded. - " P. Hannam, wounded. - " Johnson, wounded. - " T. Hartley, wounded. - " R. Nantes, wounded. - " H. R. Wallace, wounded. - " J. Hutchinson, wounded. - " D. Cameron. - " R. Knowles, wounded. - " E. W. Bell. - Adjutant James Hay, wounded. - Surgeon J. Williamson. - Assistant Surgeon M. Mahony. - " W. Williams. - - Officers. Serjeants. Drummers. Rank & File. Total. - Killed 1 2 .. 17 20 - Wounded 11 6 .. 162 179 - ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ - Total 12 8 .. 179 199 - -The distinguished bravery of the regiment on this occasion was -subsequently rewarded with the royal authority to bear the word -"SALAMANCA" inscribed on its colours; and Major Beatty was -presented with a gold medal. - -Following up the advantages gained on the plains of Salamanca, the -army advanced boldly into the heart of Spain, and the French were -driven from Madrid, at which city Lord Wellington arrived on the -12th of August amidst the joyful acclamations of the people. The -ROYAL FUSILIERS were stationed at Madrid, and afterwards occupied -quarters for about eight weeks at the fine palace of the Escurial, -about twenty-two miles from Madrid, from whence they were removed -in the early part of October to Val de Moro and Campo; meanwhile -the siege of Burgos had been undertaken by the main body of the -allied army. The concentration of the enemy's forces having given -him so great a superiority of numbers that a retrograde movement -was necessary on the part of the British commander, the ROYAL -FUSILIERS quitted Val de Moro and Campo, and the troops retired on -Salamanca. The army went into position; but on the enemy menacing -the communication with Ciudad Rodrigo, the allies withdrew to the -Agueda, the soldiers suffering extreme hardship from the want of -food and inclement weather. The fourth division moved to St. Joā de -Pisquiera, where the ROYAL FUSILIERS remained until the beginning -of the following year.[22] - -[Sidenote: 1813] - -On the 1st of January, 1813, the battalion mustered upwards of -twelve hundred men, including about three hundred in hospital from -wounds, &c. On the 3rd of that month sixteen serjeants and three -hundred and eleven rank and file joined from England; on the 7th -the battalion moved to Arvidiza, and in February to Castello Melhor -on the right bank of the Coa, where it remained until the army took -the field in May. - -Advancing from the banks of the Coa towards the interior of Spain, -the ROYAL FUSILIERS once more confronted the legions of Napoleon; -the battalion was strong in numbers, bringing into the field a -fine body of men on whose natural strength and valour the qualities -of order, subordination, and discipline had been engrafted, which -rendered them fit for any service. - -By a daring advance the French were once more driven from -Salamanca; by combinations evincing consummate skill, and by -efforts of an extraordinary character, the enemy's positions on -the Douro were turned; the field was then clear for the shock of -battle, and the British commander, seeing the way of victory open, -ordered forward his divisions; but the French evaded the torrent of -war, and withdrew behind the Pisuerga, and afterwards behind the -Ebro. Pressing onward with a conquering violence, the allied army -traversed rocks and mountains, and marched through regions deemed -impracticable for an army, and the French were forced back upon -Vittoria, where they prepared for a determined effort to stem the -tide of war. - -Arriving at the Bayas on the 19th of June, the British found a -division of the French army posted behind the river, and an action -was commenced. The ROYAL FUSILIERS were directed to attack the -village of _Montevite_. Approaching this rural seclusion through -a rocky mountainous country, abounding with trees, the foliage of -which concealed their advance, they arrived close to the village -unperceived; a few musket-shots alarmed the French, who instantly -fled, leaving their cooking utensils and dinner on the fire, and -some arms and accoutrements. The ROYAL FUSILIERS pursued, some -skirmishing took place, and several men fell in the conflict. The -loss of the SEVENTH was limited to three wounded. The enemy was -driven from the position on the Bayas, and forced back upon the -Zadora. - -From the banks of the Bayas the allied army advanced on the morning -of the 21st of June, to fight the French under Joseph Buonaparte -in position in front of _Vittoria_. The ROYAL FUSILIERS formed -part of the force destined for the attack of the enemy's centre -under the immediate direction of Lord Wellington. They moved from -Montevite down by Olabarre, along the valley in the centre. The -ROYAL FUSILIERS advanced in line under fire, through fields of -corn more than breast high, the French retreating before them; -and they overcame numerous obstructions and difficulties with a -regularity which excited great admiration. Arriving at the Zadora, -they were posted opposite the bridge of Nanclares; and when ordered -to cross the bridge they sprang forward with cheerful alacrity and -perfect order. The French were eventually driven from the field -with the loss of their artillery, baggage, and an immense quantity -of treasure. Many soldiers of different corps quitted their ranks -to plunder; but it was observed that, when the ROYAL FUSILIERS, -pursuing the enemy, passed the French baggage and treasure-waggons, -they were so impressed with a sense of the necessity of preserving -order, so accustomed to perfect obedience, and jealous of the -honour of their corps, that they refrained from irregularities, -and followed the enemy with unbroken ranks. A decisive victory was -gained: and the excellent conduct of the regiment was rewarded -with the honour of bearing the word "VITTORIA" on its colours. -Lieutenant-Colonel Blakeney was also rewarded with an honorary -distinction. The loss of the battalion was only two men killed and -two wounded. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS pursued the French army in the direction of -_Pampeluna_, and when the enemy had effected his escape through -the Pyrenean mountains, they were employed in the blockade of -Pampeluna, a fortress of great strength, and provided with an -efficient garrison. They were, however, soon relieved from this -duty, and detached against a French division under General Clausel, -which was at Logroño when the battle of Vittoria was fought; after -a forced march of six days the FUSILIERS halted;--the enemy having -effected his escape by the pass of Jaca. The regiment afterwards -returned to the vicinity of Pampeluna, where it remained a few -days, and subsequently penetrated the Pyrenean mountains; the -fourth division taking post at Viscayret, in the valley of Urroz, -and the ROYAL FUSILIERS being at Espinal, two miles in advance. - -Thus the British army, after years of toil and conflict, endured -to procure liberty for the oppressed inhabitants of the Peninsula, -had forced the intrusive monarch of Spain from his throne, and -stood triumphant on the lofty pinnacles of the _Pyrenees_; but -another mighty struggle was at hand, in which the innate valour -and hardihood of the British soldiers were about to be tested. The -French army had been re-organized by Marshal Soult, who pushed his -divisions boldly forward to drive the British from the mountains. -The enemy having made a demonstration of an attack on the front -posts, two companies of the ROYAL FUSILIERS advanced on the 24th -of July to a height westward of Roncesvalles, where they were -joined by the remainder of the battalion during the night; on the -following morning the enemy attacked Major-General Byng's post in -Roncesvalles, and the fourth division was ordered to advance. A -detachment of the twentieth regiment evinced signal gallantry in -its attacks on the head of a French column; but was forced back by -superior numbers. Some sharp fighting occurred during the day, -and the ROYAL FUSILIERS had Lieutenant Knowles and six men killed; -one serjeant and twenty-three rank and file wounded. The British -maintained their positions during the day; but being opposed to -very superior numbers, they withdrew after sunset: the FUSILIER -BRIGADE being in the rear of the column, under Major-General -Ross, the SEVENTH underwent a night of incessant toil and intense -anxiety among the mountains. At day-light they fell in with posts -of Major-General Byng's brigade, and the retrograde movement was -continued, with short intermissions, until the allies gained a -position in front of Pampeluna, where a determined stand was made. - -Posted on the heights in front of the village of Villalba, the -ROYAL FUSILIERS awaited the approach of their opponents, resolving -to perform their duty to their King and country in whatever -circumstances they might be placed. Privations, and violent -rains soaking the bleak hills, on which the soldiers were posted -without any shelter, did not damp their courage, and on the 28th -of June they witnessed the approach of the massy columns of the -enemy without dismay. The heights occupied by the fourth division -were attacked with great fury: the ROYAL FUSILIERS were hotly -engaged, and sternly, and with sanguinary tenacity, was the ground -contested. Appalling shouts smote the ears of the French soldiers -as they stormed the position, and the next moment ranks of British -bayonets met them in mid-onset, and in the shock of steel the -French soldiers were forced back with a horrid carnage. Four -times the ROYAL FUSILIERS precipitated themselves on the hosts -of opponents which assailed their post, and on every occasion -they proved victorious. The Marquis of Wellington observed in -his despatch:--"In the course of this contest the gallant fourth -division, which has so frequently been distinguished in this -army, surpassed their former good conduct. Every regiment charged -with the bayonet,--the fortieth, the SEVENTH, twentieth, and -twenty-third, four different times. Their officers set them an -example; and Major-General Ross had two horses killed under him." -The battle was renewed on the 29th and 30th of July, and the French -commander, being foiled in every attempt by superior skill and -unconquerable valour, retired towards France, closely pursued by -the victorious allied army. - -Officers present at the battle of the 28th of July. - - Lieutenant-Colonel E. Blakeney. - Major William Despard, killed. - Captain J. Crowder, wounded. - " A. Fernie, killed. - " Jno. Orr, wounded. - " Hy. Tarleton. - " C. J. Wemyss, killed. - " W. M. Hamerton, wounded. - Lieutenant J. Anderson. - " W. Wilkinson - " R. Johnson. - " G. Loggan, wounded. - " Wm. Payne. - " Thos. Hartley. - " J. Huchinson. - " J. B. Fraser, killed. - " W. Dalgairnes. - " C. Lorentz. - " Martin Orr. - " J. L. Nunn, wounded. - " A. L. Estrange. - " D. Cameron. - " R. Haggup. - " J. D. King, wounded. - " Hon. F. Russel. - " R. Garrett, wounded. - Adjutant Jas. Hay. - Quarter-Master Jno. Hogan. - Surgeon Mahony. - Assistant-Surgeon W. Williams. - " H. Fisher. - - Officers. Serjeants. Drummers. Rank and File. Total. - - Killed 4 3 .. 40 47 - Wounded 7 11 .. 148 166 - ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ - Total 11 14 .. 188 213 - -This display of valour on the part of the ROYAL FUSILIERS was -rewarded with the honour of bearing the word "PYRENEES" on their -colours as a mark of royal favour and approbation; and their -commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Blakeney, was also -rewarded with an honorary distinction. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS took part in the movements by which the enemy -was driven through the Pyrenean mountains back to France; they were -also engaged, on the 7th of October, in the operations connected -with the passage of the _Bidassoa_, when the French were forced -from several strong mountain positions defended with field-works. -The light and fourth divisions advanced against the posts of Vera -and Liran, and the attack was successful. - -After the passage of the Bidassoa the SEVENTH were encamped about -a month near the bridge of Lezaca and heights of Liran; and drafts -amounting to about two hundred serjeants and rank and file were -received from the second battalion, then quartered in the isle of -Jersey. - -On the 10th of November the allied army drove the enemy from his -positions on the river _Nivelle_; the British now stood triumphant -and firmly established in France, and the admirers of unprincipled -aggression beheld the day of retribution overtake a country which -had been vainly styled "sacred;" the deep wrongs of insulted -nations were, however, not avenged on the French peasantry, who -received less harsh treatment from the allies than from their own -countrymen in arms; but the tyrant who had hurled the thunders -of war against the unoffending nations of the Peninsula saw them -recoil with accumulated fury upon his own head. - -Major-General the HONOURABLE EDWARD MICHAEL PAKENHAM, -Lieutenant-Colonel of the ROYAL FUSILIERS (an officer of such -distinguished valour and ability that the regiment was truly proud -of its lieutenant-colonel), was promoted on the 21st May, 1813, to -the colonelcy of the sixth West India regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel -EDWARD BLAKENEY, who had so often and so nobly headed the regiment -in the field of battle, obtained permission to return to England, -and the command devolved on Major JOHN BEATTY.[23] - -[Sidenote: 1814] - -A train of military and political events, not immediately affecting -the fame or testing the valour of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, took place -in December, 1813, and January 1814. The passage of the Adour -and Gave d'Oleron, with the blockade of Bayonne, took place in -February, and the French withdrew to a position at _Orthes_, where -they were attacked on the 27th of February. The ROYAL FUSILIERS -advanced against the enemy's right at St. Boës, and were thrown -forward to commence the action as light troops, and to cover the -advance of the columns of attack, a service which the nature of the -ground particularly favoured. The brigade, composed of the SEVENTH, -twentieth, and twenty-third regiments, was warmly engaged until -two in the afternoon, when the fifth division arrived and took the -brunt of the action at that point. Finally the French Marshal was -forced to retire with severe loss. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS had one serjeant and five rank and file killed; -Lieutenants Burke, Nantes, Lorentz, and Cameron, four serjeants, -and fifty-two rank and file wounded; and their gallantry procured -them the honour of bearing the word "ORTHES" on their colours. -Major JOHN WALWIN BEATTY, commanding the battalion, was rewarded -with a gold clasp. - -In March the ROYAL FUSILIERS were detached, with other corps, -towards Bourdeaux: the French garrison fled at the approach of the -British, and the inhabitants declared in favour of the Bourbon -dynasty. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS returned to the army, and had the honour to -take part in the battle of _Toulouse_ on the 10th of April, when -the French were once more defeated. The battalion was not seriously -engaged on this occasion, and its loss was limited to one man -killed and three wounded. Its gallant bearing was conspicuous, -and was rewarded with the word "TOULOUSE" on its colours, and an -honorary distinction for its commander, Major JOHN W. BEATTY, who -was also promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Major S. -B. Auchmuty, commanding the light companies of the brigade, was -rewarded with a medal and the rank of lieutenant-colonel. - -The French army withdrew within the town, with the view of -defending the place to the last extremity, but subsequently -retired, and hostilities were soon afterwards terminated by the -abdication of Napoleon and the restoration of Louis XVIII. to the -throne of France. - -Thus years of toil and bloodshed, which had developed--in vast -combinations--in astonishing exhibitions of skill, firmness, -iron hardihood, heroic valour--the true character of WELLINGTON -and the soldiers he led from kingdom to kingdom, from victory to -victory, and had forced all the nations of Europe to confess the -glory of the British arms, terminated in the restoration of peace -to the troubled states of Europe. The ROYAL FUSILIERS had fought -and toiled for the good of other countries; at this glorious -termination of their labours, they were placed in quarters of -refreshment among the French peasantry, and they received the -blessings of the people they had delivered from usurpation and -tyranny. - -Among the numerous instances in which a very excellent spirit had -been displayed by individuals during this arduous struggle, the -Record Book of the ROYAL FUSILIERS bears extraordinary testimony -of the most laudable and indefatigable exertions of Adjutant JAMES -HAY, who, making the duties of his appointment the business of -his life, aided with praiseworthy zeal his commanding officer in -maintaining the efficiency, discipline, and reputation of his -corps, in which he took a lively interest; he was never absent -from his regiment during the whole of the Peninsular campaigns, -excepting from wounds, and he thus earned an imperishable fame in -the annals of the ROYAL FUSILIERS. - -At the end of May the regiment was withdrawn from its cantonments, -and, proceeding towards Bourdeaux, was encamped a few days near -that city; on the 14th of June it was embarked at Pouillac in -transport brigs, and conveyed down the Garonne to the "Clarence" -(a British seventy-four), lying in Verdun roads. In this ship the -regiment sailed to England, where it arrived, after an absence of -nearly seven years, towards the end of June, and on landing at -Plymouth was greeted with the hearty cheers of crowds of countrymen -assembled on the occasion, who testified their admiration of the -brilliant career of the regiment in a most lively manner. - -After landing, the regiment occupied quarters at Totness for -several weeks; it subsequently proceeded to Portsmouth, where both -battalions were stationed in garrison; the second battalion having -returned in August from Jersey, where it had been stationed since -November, 1811. - -At the termination of the Peninsular War, Lieutenant-Colonel EDWARD -BLAKENEY was honoured with the dignity of Knight of the Tower and -Sword by the Prince Regent of Portugal; he was also rewarded with a -cross and clasp for his services at Martinique, Albuhera, Badajoz, -Vittoria, and in the Pyrenees. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS were not long permitted to enjoy repose, -before an order from the Horse Guards summoned them to engage in -scenes of conflict beyond the Atlantic ocean. The impressing of -British seamen on board of American vessels, with the enforcing of -certain Orders in Council, designed to counteract the decrees of -Buonaparte, who, in the height of his power, endeavoured to destroy -the commerce of Great Britain, had been followed by a war with the -United States, and the SEVENTH were selected to proceed with the -forty-third light infantry under Major-General Lambert, to join -the troops engaged in active service against the American coast. -The first battalion was completed to a thousand rank and file from -the second, and embarked on the 4th of October, under the command -of Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Blakeney; it proceeded, in the first -instance, to Plymouth, from whence it sailed to the West Indies.[24] - -[Sidenote: 1815] - -From the West Indies the regiment sailed towards the southern -states of North America, and arrived, on the first of January, -1815, off the coast of Louisiana; it was there removed into small -boats, to proceed along Lake Barque to join the army commanded -by Major-General the Honourable Sir Edward Michael Pakenham, -K.C.B., near _New Orleans_, a place of some note, situate on the -eastern bank of the Mississippi. After a difficult navigation of -eighty miles in small boats, the regiment landed (having lost a -serjeant and sixteen men by the sinking of a boat on the lake); -and on the following day joined the army at its camp on the bank -of the Mississippi. Arrangements had previously been made for the -attack by storm of a line of entrenchments and redoubts which the -Americans had constructed behind a canal to cover the approach to -_New Orleans_, and behind which they had collected an army treble -the numbers of the British. A short time before day-light, on -the morning of the 8th of January, the ROYAL FUSILIERS were at -their post, and forming, with the forty-third, the reserve to the -storming party. Some delay occurred; the ladders were not ready at -the proper moment; and when the soldiers rushed forward to storm -the enemy's works, difficulties were encountered which it was found -impossible to overcome. A serious loss had been sustained in killed -and wounded; the commander-in-chief had fallen;[25] and no chance -of ultimate success remained: when the storming parties fell back, -the SEVENTH and forty-third, deploying into line, and making a -forward motion, presented the appearance of a renewed attack, by -which the Americans were so much awed that they did not venture to -pursue the retreating soldiers; at the same time the two regiments -presented so steady and confident a front under a heavy fire as -to excite great admiration, and the storming parties rallied and -formed in support. No prospect of ultimate success appearing, -the troops withdrew to their camp. The loss of the SEVENTH on -this occasion was Major King, Captain Henry, one serjeant, and -twenty-three rank and file killed; Captains Mullins and Page, -Lieutenant Lorentz and Higgins, six serjeants, and sixty-two rank -and file wounded. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS were subsequently employed in occupying -posts close to the enemy's position; meanwhile a temporary road -was constructed through a morass to the lake, and the British, -withdrawing by a night march, embarked in boats and returned to -the fleet: the FUSILIERS and piquets remained before the enemy -until the morning of the 19th of January, when they retired. During -the few days the ROYAL FUSILIERS had been before _New Orleans_, -privations and sufferings of every kind had been endured with a -cheerfulness which redounded to the honour of the officers and -soldiers. - -The FUSILIERS were afterwards landed on Isle Dauphin, north of -Mobile Bay, West Florida. An attack on _Mobile_ was resolved on, -and _Fort Bowyer_, which commanded the entrance to the harbour, -was besieged and captured, and two companies of the SEVENTH -garrisoned the fort. Further hostilities were, however, prevented -by a treaty of peace; and in March the regiment embarked from the -Isle Dauphin, West Florida, for England; two vessels were delayed -on the voyage; the remainder, landing at Deal, occupied the barrack -at that place until the middle of June. Napoleon Buonaparte had, -in the meantime, regained the throne of France: a British army had -assembled in the Netherlands, under the Duke of Wellington, to wage -war against the usurper; and the ROYAL FUSILIERS were ordered to -embark for Flanders to share in the conflict. The first division of -the regiment, consisting of the head-quarters and four companies, -landed at Ostend on the 18th of June, the day the French army was -overthrown at _Waterloo_, and proceeded in boats up the canal to -Bruges. These companies were afterwards assembled at Ghent, from -whence they advanced up the country, in charge of treasure for the -allied army, and arrived in the vicinity of Paris on the 6th of -July. The war had terminated; the Bourbon dynasty was restored; and -the ROYAL FUSILIERS were encamped near Paris three months, during -which time the remainder of the battalion arrived at the camp. The -regiment was present at several reviews of the British forces, in -the presence of the Emperor of Russia, King of Prussia, and other -sovereigns. In September the regiment occupied a temporary barrack -beyond the town and forest of St. Germain. In December it returned -to Paris and occupied a large public building, which was fitted up -for a barrack, the officers being quartered on the inhabitants. - -On the 24th of December the _second battalion_ transferred its men -fit for service to the first, and was _disbanded_ at Dover; at the -same time a recruiting company was added to the establishment of -the first battalion. - -Honorary distinctions were this year conferred on many officers of -the army. Colonel Sir Edward Blakeney, of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, was -honoured with the dignity of Knight Commander of the Order of the -Bath, and the following officers were appointed Companions of the -Order of the Bath:--Lieutenant Colonels John Walwin Beatty, Samuel -Benjamin Auchmuty, and Alexander Campbell Wylly. - -[Sidenote: 1816] - -On the 1st of January, 1816, the effective strength was one -thousand and twenty-eight; the regiment left Paris on the 16th -of January, and marching to the Pas de Calais, was placed in -village-cantonments in the vicinity of Bapaume, forming part of the -Army of Occupation in France. - -The ROYAL FUSILIERS were highly commended at the half-yearly -inspection on the 22nd of May: they were reviewed by -Lieutenant-General Lord Hill in August, and obtained his lordship's -approbation; and in September Lieutenant-General Sir Lowry Cole -made a minute inspection of the regiment, and expressed his entire -satisfaction of its appearance and discipline. - -In September the regiment was removed to the vicinity of Cambray, -and was subsequently encamped near Denain, with the remainder -of the first division, the other divisions being encamped about -two miles distant. On the 22nd of October the British, Saxon, -and Danish contingents of the Army of Occupation were reviewed -by the Duke of Wellington, in presence of their Royal Highnesses -the Dukes of Kent and Cambridge, who expressed their admiration -of the appearance and discipline of the troops. After the review -the regiment returned to its village cantonments, and at the -half-yearly inspection in November, Major-General Sir James Kempt -expressed his satisfaction at its appearance and condition. - -[Sidenote: 1817] - -In the early part of 1817 the establishment was reduced to -eight hundred and sixty seven non-commissioned officers and -private soldiers; and in April the regiment marched to the -city of Valenciennes, and with the twenty-third, forty-third, -fifty-seventh, and ninety-first, formed the garrison of that -fortress. - -On the 6th of September the ROYAL FUSILIERS were present at -the review of the British and Danish contingents by the King -of Prussia; on the 9th of that month they were reviewed by -Lieutenant-General Lord Hill; and on the 15th of October, by his -Grace the Duke of Wellington. - -[Sidenote: 1818] - -Having passed the winter at Valenciennes, the SEVENTH were -reviewed, in June, near that fortress with the British, Danish, -and Saxon contingents, by the Grand Duke Michael of Russia, for -whom the regiment furnished a guard of honour. The British troops -were subsequently reviewed by Lieutenant-General Lord Hill on the -3rd of September; by the Duke of Wellington in presence of their -Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Kent, on the 10th of that -month; and on the 23rd of October by the Emperor of Russia, King of -Prussia, Prince of Orange, &c. &c. - -Soon after this review the establishment was reduced to seven -hundred and forty-six officers and soldiers; and the Army of -Occupation being withdrawn from France, the regiment marched to -Calais, where it embarked for England, and landed at Dover on the -2nd of November. - -After occupying Dover Castle barracks a few days, the regiment -marched to Deal, where it embarked for Ireland, and landed on the -26th and 27th of November at the Cove of Cork, from whence it -proceeded to Fermoy, and, in December, to Dublin. - -[Sidenote: 1819] - -[Sidenote: 1820] - -[Sidenote: 1821] - -The regiment remained at Dublin until August, 1820, and its -appearance, discipline, and interior economy were commended at -the half-yearly inspections made by Major-Generals White, Buller, -and Sir Colquhoun Grant. It subsequently occupied extensive -cantonments, the head-quarters being at Londonderry, where it was -inspected by Lieutenant-General Sir David Baird, and Major-General -Sir Sidney Beckwith, and obtained the approbation of these -distinguished officers. In November it embarked at Belfast for -Scotland, and landing at Port Patrick, marched from thence to -Edinburgh and Glasgow: its appearance and discipline were commended -at the half-yearly inspection made by Major-General Sir Thomas -Bradford; and in June, 1821, when it was ordered to march to -England, this general-officer "expressed his warmest approbation of -the uniform good conduct and regularity in quarters, as well as of -the high state of discipline in the field and excellent interior -economy;" at the same time requesting "Colonel Sir Edward Blakeney -to convey these sentiments to the officers, non-commissioned -officers, and soldiers." - -Leaving Scotland in July, the regiment proceeded to -Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Carlisle, Tynemouth, and Sunderland; and in -August the establishment was reduced to six hundred and fifty -officers and men. - -[Sidenote: 1822] - -In the spring of 1822 the regiment marched to Chatham and -Sheerness; from whence it was removed in June and July to Brighton -and Windsor, and had the honour of performing the King's duty -during the residence of King George IV. at the Royal Pavilion, -Brighton. - -[Sidenote: 1825] - -[Sidenote: 1828] - -In the summer of 1825 the regiment was divided into six service and -four depôt companies; the service companies embarked at Gosport on -the 14th and 15th of June for the Ionian Islands, where they were -stationed until September 1828, when they were removed to Malta. - -[Sidenote: 1832] - -On the decease of General Sir Alured Clarke, the colonelcy of the -ROYAL FUSILIERS was conferred on Major-General Sir Edward Blakeney, -K.C.B., G.C.H., by commission dated the 20th of September, 1832. - -[Sidenote: 1833] - -[Sidenote: 1834] - -[Sidenote: 1835] - -In December, 1833, the depôt companies embarked at Portsmouth for -Ireland, where they arrived in January, 1834; they returned to -England in October, 1835, and landed at Portsmouth. - -[Sidenote: 1836] - -The service companies remained at Malta until the early part of -1836, when they returned to England, and landing at Portsmouth, -were stationed at that fortress until June, when they removed to -Winchester. - -In July the regiment marched to Windsor, and had the honour of -performing the King's duty during the residence of His Majesty King -William IV. at Windsor Castle. - -While on duty at Windsor, a superb piece of plate for the officers' -mess-table was directed by His Majesty King William IV. to be -presented to the regiment, with the following inscription:-- - -_"The Gracious Gift of King William the Fourth, July 1836."_ - -"His Majesty remembers with satisfaction, that he became a -member of the Mess of the ROYAL FUSILIERS at Plymouth in the -year 1786, and he has directed his son, _Colonel Lord Frederick -Fitz Clarence_, who had the advantage of commanding the Regiment -during some years,[26] to present this piece of plate as a mark of -His Majesty's approbation;--of his high sense of the gallant and -admirable services, and of the exemplary discipline and gentlemanly -conduct, which have uniformly distinguished the _Royal Fusiliers_." - -[Sidenote: 1837] - -[Sidenote: 1838] - -[Sidenote: 1839] - -Leaving Windsor in August, the regiment proceeded into Lancashire, -and the head-quarters were stationed at Bolton until the autumn of -1837, when the regiment proceeded to Ireland. During the year 1838 -the ROYAL FUSILIERS were stationed at Dublin; in May, 1839, they -were removed to Kilkenny, and in August following to Cork. - -In the autumn six companies of the regiment embarked for Gibraltar, -and arrived at that fortress in November, leaving four depôt -companies in Ireland. - -[Sidenote: 1840 to 1844] - -The service companies remained at Gibraltar until the 19th -December, 1844, when they embarked for the West Indies, under -the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Farquharson, on board of Her -Majesty's Troop Ship "Resistance," and arrived at Barbadoes on the -18th January, 1845. - -[Sidenote: 1845] - -The depôt companies remained in Ireland from the embarkation of the -service companies for Gibraltar until November, 1841, when they -proceeded from Cork to Dover, and remained in England until June, -1845, when they returned to Ireland, where they have remained to -the present year, 1846. - -[Illustration: 7th Fusiliers, 1846.] - -[Sidenote: 1846] - -The service companies at the end of the year 1846, when this Record -concludes, were in the West Indies, the head-quarters at St. -Vincent. - - * * * * * - -The foregoing pages contain a faithful history of the ROYAL -FUSILIERS from the period of their formation in the year 1685, and -of the peculiar service for which this Regiment was originally -established. The introduction of artillery, and the expert and -proper management of field-guns, rendered it necessary that a -suitable description of officers and men should be selected -for such an important and scientific branch of the service, -in order to ensure its usefulness; hence it may be inferred, -that as qualifications of a superior kind were requisite, the -_Subaltern Officers in the Royal Fusiliers_ obtained, on their -first appointment, the rank of LIEUTENANT, a distinction which is -continued to the present time. - -During a period exceeding one hundred and sixty years, the ROYAL -FUSILIERS have proved themselves to be a faithful and zealous -Regiment in the cause of Royalty, and in the interests of their -country. Their services in various parts of Europe and America, -when war has required their presence and exertions, have, on all -occasions, been conspicuous; and their conduct on home-service, -when relieved from their tour of duty abroad, has been marked by -a strict adherence to the rules of order and discipline: these -qualities have rendered them a valuable corps to the Government -of the country, and have obtained for them a continuance of the -approbation of their Sovereign. - -1846. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[6] "Our Royal Regiment of Fusiliers to have snap-hance musquets, -strapt, with bright barrels of three feet eight inches long, with -good swords, cartouch-boxes, and bionetts."--_King James IInd's -orders for arming the Royal Fusiliers._ - -[7] "JAMES R. - -"These are to authorise you, by beat of drum or otherwise, to -raise volunteers to serve for soldiers in your own company in Our -Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, which we have appointed to be raised, -and whereof you are colonel; which company is to consist of one -hundred private soldiers, three serjeants, three corporals, and two -drummers. And as the said soldiers shall be respectively raised in -the said company, they are to be produced to muster, to the intent -that they may be received into our pay and entertainment; and when -that number shall be fully or nearly completed, they are to march -to the general rendezvous of their regiment, where they are also -to be mustered. And you are to appoint such person or persons as -you shall think fit to receive arms for the said soldiers, and -halberts for the said serjeants, out of the stores of Our Ordnance. -And we do hereby require all magistrates, justices of the peace, -constables and others, Our officers, whom it may concern, at -the places where you shall raise, march, or rendezvous our said -company, to be assisting therein as there shall be occasion. - -"Given at our Court at Whitehall the 20th day of June, 1685. - - "By His Majesty's Command." - "WILLIAM BLATHWAYTE. - -"_To our trusty and well-beloved Councillor, George Lord Dartmouth, -Colonel of our Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, and Captain of a -Company in the said Regiment._" - -[8] "_Windsor, 7th September, 1685._ - -"SIR, - -"The King having ordered three companies of the Royal Regiment of -Fusiliers to remain in garrison at Sheerness, instead of the three -companies that were usually there, and the quarters being too -strait, unless some of the officers be lodged in the Navy Dock, His -Majesty thinks fit that you signify his pleasure to the officers of -the dock that they afford quarters to such of the officers of those -companies as need them. Being all I have in command. - - "I remain, &c. - "WILLIAM BLATHWAYTE. - -"To _Mr. Pepys_." - -[9] Coxe's Life of Marlborough. - -[10] Story's History of the Wars in Ireland. - -[11] 12th September. "This day the ordinary detachments of the -Earl of Bath's regiment and of the FUSILIERS being at work at -the bastion, part, in enlarging the ditch, found an old hidden -treasure, which quickly stopped the soldiers' working, who fell -all a scrambling in a heap, one upon another, some bringing off a -very good booty, some gold, and some silver, several Jacobuses and -Sovereigns being found by the soldiers, and a great many old pieces -of silver of Henry II., Charles IX., Henry III., and Henry IVth's -coin, which are now hardly to be found in France. The people of -the town supposed this money belonged to one Elfort, a gentleman -who died many years ago, and who buried his treasure (when the -Mareschal de Rantzau took the town) in the Bernardine Nuns' garden -(the ground where the money was found having formerly been part -of the garden), which Count de Monteroy caused to be demolished, -and they think there might have been about 900 pound groat, which -makes the value of 450 guineas English. This Elfort left it by will -to his children with the marks where to find it; but his children -could never discover it."--_D'Auvergne._ - -[12] Major-General Tyron's despatch. - -[13] Ibid. - -[14] Earl Cornwallis's despatch. - -[15] The following non-commissioned officers were rewarded with -commissions at the recommendation of PRINCE EDWARD during the -period His Royal Highness commanded the regiment in North America:-- - - 1795 Serjeant Walter Beavan, Ensign in the Nova Scotia Fencibles. - 1796 Serjeant-Major Joseph Parkes, Quarter-Master in the Royal - Fusiliers. - ---- Serjeant Christopher Taylor, Lieutenant in ditto. - ---- Quarter-Master Serjeant John Opinslaw, Ensign in the Invalids. - ---- Serjeant James Colledge, Ensign in St. John's Island Provincials. - 1797 Serjeant James Turner, Ensign 31st Regiment. - ---- Serjeant-Major Frederick Plansker, Ensign in the Fencibles. - 1802 Serjeant-Major John Robertson, Ensign in the first, or the royal - regiment. - -[16] The following non-commissioned officers were rewarded with -commissions:-- - - 1804 Serjeant Francis Gilliman, Quarter-Master, Nova Scotia Fencibles. - 1805 Serjeant-Major George Galbraith, Ensign and Adjutant, First Royal - Foot. - ---- Quarter-Master-Serjeant John Hogan, Quarter-Master, Seventh Royal - Fusiliers. - -[17] A General Order was issued to the army on the 18th January, -1810 (No. 182), by direction of the Commander-in-Chief, containing -the substance of the following General Order, issued in North -America, on this subject:-- - - "GENERAL ORDER. QUEBEC, _4th October, 1809_. - -"The Commander of the Forces has lately had occasion to see in a -Halifax newspaper a copy of an address presented by the serjeants -of the 1st battalion ROYAL FUSILIERS to Captain ORR, on that -officer relinquishing the Adjutancy in consequence of being -promoted to a company. So novel a circumstance could not fail to -draw the attention of His Excellency, it being the first of the -kind that has come to his knowledge during the forty-six years that -he has been in the service; and as the first instance has thus (so -far as he is aware, at least) occurred on the part of the army with -the charge of which the King has been pleased to intrust him, he -feels himself called on by every obligation of duty to His Majesty -and the service to bear his testimony against it by a public -expression of disapprobation. - -"His Excellency does not mean in this instance to ascribe any -improper motive to the serjeants. He has no doubt that their sole -view was to express their regard and gratitude towards an officer -who, in the intimate connexion that had officially subsisted -between them, had very commendably conducted himself with kindness -to them without departing from that strictness of discipline which -was indispensable to the discharge of his duty. - -"But while His Excellency thus does justice to the intention of the -serjeants of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, he desires at the same time very -seriously to observe to them, that in presuming to meet, in order -to deliberate on the conduct of their superior officer, they have -in fact, however unintentionally, been guilty of an act of great -insubordination. - -"It matters not that the design of the meeting, or in whatever -manner the address was unanimously assented to, was solely to -express their respect and esteem; the very circumstance implies -discussion, and by that discussion they rendered themselves -obnoxious to the imputation alluded to.--Who, indeed, shall say -where such a practice, if once introduced, shall end? If the -non-commissioned officers of a regiment are permitted to express -their approbation of the conduct of the Adjutant, why may they not -exercise the same right with respect to their commanding officer? -Or what reason can be given why they should not be equally entitled -to express their disapprobation? Indeed, should the practice become -general, the merely withholding the former would imply the latter. - -"General Sir JAMES CRAIG is more desirous that his sentiments on -this subject should be distinctly understood in the FUSILIERS, -because it appears on the face of the address of the serjeants in -question that it has been countenanced by the officer who then -commanded the regiment. The Commander of the Forces does no more -than justice to the character and services of that officer when -he admits that, feeling as he does the dangerous tendency of the -practice which he is censuring, he also feels himself the more -bound to oppose it, in the first instance, from the strength which -it might otherwise derive from the sanction which he appears -to have given to it.--Lieutenant-Colonel PAKENHAM will however -believe that, though it was impossible the General should avoid -this observation upon his error, yet his doing so can by no means -detract from the esteem with which he has been taught to view his -character as an officer, or the confidence which he should be -disposed to place in his service. - - (Signed) "EDWARD BAYNES, - "Adjutant-General to the - "British army serving in North America." - -[18] _British Troops engaged at the Battle of Albuhera on the 16th -May, 1811._ - -Cavalry under Major-General the Honourable Sir William Lumley; 3rd -Dragoon Guards, 4th Dragoons, and 13th Light Dragoons. - - { Lieut.-Col. Colborne, { 3rd Foot, 1st Battalion, - { { 31st ditto, 2nd ditto, - { { 48th ditto, 2nd ditto, - SECOND { { 66th ditto, 2nd ditto, - DIVISION. { { 60th, one Company 5th ditto. - HON. { - MAJOR-GEN. { Major-Gen. Hoghton. { 29th Foot, - W. STEWART. { { 48th ditto, 1st Battalion, - { { 57th ditto, 1st ditto, - { { 60th, one Company 5th ditto. - { - { Hon. Lt.-Col. { 28th Foot, 2nd Battalion, - { Abercromby. { 34th ditto, 2nd ditto, - { { 39th ditto, 2nd ditto, - { { 60th, one Company 5th ditto. - - { Brigadier { 27th Foot, 3rd Battalion, - { General { 40th ditto, 1st ditto, - FOURTH { Kemmis.[19] { 97th ditto, (or Queen's Own.) - DIVISION. { { 60th, one Company 5th ditto. - HON. M.-GEN. { - L. COLE. { { 7th Foot, 1st Battalion, - { Fusilier { 7th ditto, 2nd Battalion, - { Brigade. { 23rd ditto, 1st ditto, - { { Brunswick Oels, 1 Company. - - Major-Gen. Baron Chas. { 1st Light Battalion German - Alten. { Legion, - { 2nd ditto, ditto. - -The following description of the charge of the FUSILIER BRIGADE at -Albuhera is extracted from Colonel Napier's admirable history of -the Peninsular War. - -"The fourth division was composed of two brigades; the one of -Portuguese, under General Harvey; the other, commanded by Sir -William Myers, consisted of the seventh and twenty-third regiments, -and was called the Fusilier Brigade. Harvey's Portuguese being -immediately pushed in between Lumley's dragoons and the hill, were -charged by some French cavalry, whom they beat off, and meanwhile -General Cole led the Fusiliers up the contested height. At this -time six guns were in the enemy's possession, the whole of Werle's -reserves were coming forward to reinforce the front column of -the French, the remnant of Hoghton's brigade could no longer -maintain its ground, and the field was heaped with carcases, the -lancers were riding furiously about the captured artillery on the -upper parts of the hill, and behind all, Hamilton's Portuguese -and Alten's Germans withdrawing from the bridge, seemed to be in -full retreat. Cole's Fusiliers, flanked by a battalion of the -Lusitanian legion under Colonel Hawkshawe, soon mounted the hill, -drove off the lancers, recovered five of the captured guns and one -colour, and appeared on the right of Hoghton's brigade exactly as -Abercrombie passed it on the left. - -"Such a gallant line issuing from the midst of the smoke, and -rapidly separating itself from the broken multitude, startled the -enemy's heavy masses, which were increasing and pressing onwards as -to an assured victory: they wavered, hesitated, and then vomiting -forth a storm of fire, hastily endeavoured to enlarge their front, -while a fearful discharge of grape from all their artillery -whistled through the British ranks. Myers was killed; Cole, the -three colonels--Ellis, Blakeney, and Hawkshawe--fell wounded; and -the Fusilier battalions, struck by the iron tempest, reeled and -staggered like sinking ships. But suddenly and sternly recovering, -they closed on their terrible enemies, and then was seen with what -a strength and majesty the British soldier fights! In vain did -Soult, by voice and gesture, animate his Frenchmen; in vain did the -hardiest veterans, extricating themselves from the crowded columns, -sacrifice their lives to gain time for the mass to open out on such -a fair field; in vain did the mass itself bear up, and, fiercely -striving, fire indiscriminately upon friends and foes, while the -horsemen hovering on the flanks threatened to charge the advancing -line. Nothing could stop that astonishing infantry! No sudden -burst of undisciplined valour, no nervous enthusiasm, weakened the -stability of their order; their flashing eyes were bent on the dark -columns in their front; their measured tread shook the ground; -their dreadful volleys swept away the head of every formation; -their deafening shouts overpowered the dissonant cries that broke -from all parts of the tumultuous crowd, as foot by foot, and with -a horrid carnage, it was driven by the incessant vigour of the -attack to the farthest edge of the hill. There the French reserve, -mixing with the struggling multitude, endeavoured to sustain the -fight; but the effort only increased the irremediable confusion, -the mighty mass gave way, and like a loosened cliff, went headlong -down the ascent. The rain flowed after in streams discoloured -with blood, and fifteen hundred unwounded men, the remnant of six -thousand unconquerable British soldiers, stood triumphant on the -fatal hill!" - -"The Fusiliers exceeded anything that the usual word 'Gallantry' -can convey."--_Colonel Sir Henry Hardinge._ - -"In this attack, and carrying the enemy's position, the Fusilier -brigade lost 1000 out of 1500 men and 45 officers; among whom -three were commanding officers;--and exhibited an example of -steadiness and heroic gallantry which history, I believe, cannot -surpass."--_Major-General Sir G. Lowry Cole._ - -[19] Brigadier-General Kemmis's brigade, being on the north side of -the Guadiana, was left in that position in order to secure the safe -removal of the stores to the town of Elvas on the siege of Badajoz -being raised, and was prevented, on that account, from joining the -fourth division until the morning of the 17th of May. - -[20] During the year 1811 the following non-commissioned officers -were rewarded with commissions. - - Serjeant-Major Timothy Meagher, Lieutenant Seventh Fusiliers. - Serjeant-Major William Johnson, Ensign Fifty-seventh Regiment. - Quarter-Master Serjeant Arthur Byrne, Ensign and Adjutant - Twenty-seventh Regiment. - Serjeant William Gough, appointed Ensign, Second West India - Regiment, on 14th November, 1811; promoted - to a Lieutenantcy on 12th August, 1813; and - died in September, 1817. - -[21] This officer was aide-de-camp to Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas -Picton, and was mortally wounded on the 19th March. - -[22] In July, 1812, Serjeant William Harris of the Royal Fusiliers -was rewarded with the commission of Ensign and Adjutant in the -twenty-seventh regiment. - -[23] Serjeant Joseph Wood was this year rewarded with a commission -in the thirteenth veteran battalion formed at Lisbon. - -[24] The following non-commissioned officers were this year -rewarded with commissions:-- - - Serjeant John Henry, Ensign and Adjutant Ninety-first Regiment. - Quarter-Master Serjeant William Greenwood, Quarter-Master - Seventh Regiment. - Serjeant John Day, Ensign Sixtieth Regiment. - -[25] MAJOR-GENERAL THE HONOURABLE SIR EDWARD MICHAEL PAKENHAM, -G.C.B., brother of the Earl of Longford, was appointed Captain in -May, 1794, in the ninety-second regiment, a corps raised on the -breaking out of the French Revolutionary War in 1793, and disbanded -soon afterwards. In December, 1794, he was appointed major in the -thirty-third light dragoons, and when this corps was disbanded, -he obtained the majority of the twenty-third light dragoons, -from which he was promoted, in 1799, to the lieutenant-colonelcy -of the sixty-fourth foot: in May, 1804, he was appointed -lieutenant-colonel in the ROYAL FUSILIERS. He assumed the command -of the first battalion of the SEVENTH at Weymouth in 1806, and by -his amiable deportment and attention to the welfare of his corps, -he soon won the affection and esteem of the officers and soldiers. -He commanded the regiment in the expedition to Copenhagen in 1807, -and at the capture of Martinique in 1809, when he gave presage of -that noble ardour and contempt of danger which were afterwards most -signally displayed under the great Duke of Wellington in Portugal -and Spain. While in Nova Scotia, he established a book of merit in -the SEVENTH; and when, on leaving the regiment to serve under Lord -Wellington, the officers presented him with a valuable sword, he -sent the following answer to their address. - -"I received your letter, caused by my proposed departure, with -warmth equal to its tenor, with satisfaction few men have had a -right to experience. - -"Friendship formed at ease, confirmed in danger, becomes too sacred -to need professions. - -"Your cordial zeal, however, anticipated my wishes towards the -prosperity of the corps, which your generosity has too much -attributed to my exertions. Let my actions speak a continuance of -attachment. - -"Your gift, and desire of recollection hereafter, to me will serve -as professional impellants. - -"In leaving the FUSILIERS, I separate from the best comrades, from -the chief source of my soldier's pride; yet it is for the object of -duty:--here draw the line. - -"Do you, by usual energy, continue ripe for service; it is for me -to improve to become the more honourable to lead you." - -From this period (1809) he served at nearly every action fought by -the British troops in the Peninsula; and was rewarded with honorary -distinctions for the battles of Busaco and Fuentes d'Onor. In -October, 1811, he was promoted to the local rank of major-general -in Spain and Portugal, and in 1812 to the rank of major-general in -the army. - -At the battle of Salamanca he commanded the third division, and -acquired additional honour by the spirited manner in which he -assailed the enemy's left, overthrowing all opposition, and was -rewarded with another honorary distinction. In May, 1813, he was -appointed colonel of the Sixth West India regiment, and he was -employed as Adjutant-General to the army commanded by the Marquis -of Wellington until the colossal power of Napoleon was destroyed, -and the Bourbon dynasty restored to the throne of France. After -the peace of 1814 he was honoured with the dignity of knight grand -cross of the order of the bath. He was subsequently appointed to -the command of the expedition against _New Orleans_, where he -encountered the most extraordinary difficulties. At the storming of -the enemy's works, when he saw the prowess of his troops unable to -overcome the obstructions, he rode forward to encourage them by his -presence, and fell a victim to his bravery. He lived an ornament to -his profession, admired, beloved, and esteemed by all who knew him, -and died regretted in the thirty-sixth year of his age. - -[26] _From 1825 to 1832._ - - - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS - -OF - -THE SEVENTH REGIMENT; - -OR, - -THE ROYAL FUSILIERS. - - -GEORGE LORD DARTMOUTH, - -_Appointed 11th June, 1685._ - -LORD DARTMOUTH was the son of Colonel William Legge, a zealous -royalist, who was with King Charles I. at the battle of Newbury and -other engagements, was also in the design of the Earl of Holland to -restore His Majesty in 1648, and was wounded and taken prisoner. -The King was so sensible of Colonel Legge's services, and esteemed -him so highly for his fidelity, that a short period before his -execution, his Majesty requested the Duke of Richmond to inform -the Prince of Wales (afterwards Charles II.) "that whenever he was -restored to his rights, he should be sure to take care of _honest -Will Legge_, for he was the faithfullest servant that ever any -prince had." - -Colonel Legge also displayed great devotion to the cause of King -Charles II., and was one of the commissioners appointed by the -King, in 1659, to promise pardon to all who should endeavour to -effect His Majesty's restoration; excepting the individuals who sat -as judges on his royal father. After the restoration His Majesty -informed Colonel Legge of the message of King Charles I. by the -Duke of Richmond; but the colonel declined being advanced to the -peerage, at the same time expressing a hope that his sons might -deserve his Majesty's favour. - -GEORGE LEGGE (the eldest son of Colonel William Legge) went to -sea at the age of seventeen, under the care of Sir Edward Spragg, -a distinguished officer who commanded the rear squadron of the -combined English and French fleets against Holland in 1673, and -fought the Dutch Admiral Tromp, ship to ship, until both their -ships were so disabled that they quitted them, and, hoisting their -flags in other vessels, renewed the battle with incredible fury. -Sir Edward Spragg's ship being terribly torn, he designed to go on -board of a third vessel; but his boat was struck by a shot and he -was drowned. Under this gallant preceptor George Legge acquired -a knowledge of his profession; in 1667 he commanded the Pembroke -man-of-war; in 1671 the Fairfax; and in the following year the -Royal Catherine. In 1672 he was appointed lieutenant-governor of -Portsmouth; in 1673 he was appointed governor of that fortress; -also master of the horse and gentleman of the bedchamber to His -Royal Highness the Duke of York (afterwards King James II.). At -the augmentation of the army in 1678 he was appointed colonel of a -newly-raised regiment of foot, which was disbanded after the peace -of Nimeguen; he was also lieutenant-general of the ordnance, and -was sworn a member of the privy council in 1681; in 1682 he was -constituted master-general of the ordnance, and was commissioned to -inspect all the forts and garrisons in England. - -On the 2nd of December, 1682, he was advanced to the dignity of -BARON OF DARTMOUTH, with remainder, in default of issue, to his -brother William; which remainder the King particularly ordered -himself "in justice" (as he was pleased to say) "to the memory -of old Colonel Legge, whose modesty ought not to prejudice his -children." - -The preamble of the patent imports--"That His Majesty, remembering -the great merits of WILLIAM LEGGE, one of the grooms of the royal -bedchamber to his late father King Charles I., especially in that -unparalleled rebellion raised against him, in which, being a -person of singular skill and experience in military affairs, and -also a valiant and expert commander, he faithfully served His -Majesty in most of the battles and sieges of those unhappy times; -that he also performed several eminent services to King Charles -II. since his most happy restoration; and further, considering -that GEORGE LEGGE, eldest son of the said WILLIAM LEGGE, following -his father's example in divers military employments, especially -in sundry sharp and dangerous naval fights, wherein he did freely -hazard his life, for which respect, being made general of the -ordnance and artillery, and one of His Majesty's most honourable -privy council, His Majesty has thought fit to dignify him with some -further honour. &c." - -In 1683 LORD DARTMOUTH was sent with the fleet to Africa, to -destroy the works of Tangier and bring home the garrison and -English inhabitants; on his return he was rewarded by his Majesty -with a grant of ten thousand pounds. On the accession of King James -II. his lordship was continued as master-general of the ordnance, -and one of the privy council; he also held the appointment of -constable of the Tower of London; and on the augmentation of the -army in 1685, he was appointed Colonel of the ROYAL REGIMENT OF -FUSILIERS. In 1687, when King James II. was making a tour through -part of his dominions, the city of Coventry presented His Majesty -with a large gold cup and cover, which he immediately delivered -to LORD DARTMOUTH, telling him, "There was an acknowledgment from -the citizens of Coventry for his father's sufferings in their -town:"--Colonel Legge having endured a long imprisonment there, -after being wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester, -in 1651, and he escaped from thence by a stratagem on the part of -his wife, in woman's attire. - -When the Prince of Orange prepared an armament for a descent on -the English coast, LORD DARTMOUTH was appointed admiral of the -fleet of England sent out in the autumn of 1688 to intercept the -Dutch. He accepted this employment out of gratitude to the King, -"who," as Bishop Burnet observes, "loved him, and in whose service -he had long been." The bishop adds,--"He was, indeed, one of the -worthiest men of his court, and, although much against the conduct -of his affairs, he was resolved to stick to him at all hazards." -His conduct while in command of the fleet has been variously -represented; but it appears evident he was only prevented fighting -the Dutch fleet by unfavourable weather. - -On the accession of the Prince of Orange to sovereign power, -LORD DARTMOUTH was deprived of his appointments, and in 1691 he -was imprisoned in the Tower of London for corresponding with -King James. After three months' confinement, he died suddenly of -apoplexy, and King William commanded the same honours to be paid at -his lordship's funeral which would have been due to him if he had -died possessed of all his late employments. He was interred near -his father, in a vault in Trinity Chapel, in the Minories. - - -JOHN, EARL OF MARLBOROUGH, - -_Appointed 26th August, 1689._ - -This talented and brave nobleman attained the summit of military -fame, and was equally celebrated for sound judgment in the cabinet, -and for persuasive eloquence in conversation; while he swayed the -councils of foreign courts, and reconciled conflicting interests -among the states of Christendom, he led their armies to battle -and to victory, acquiring a renown which will live in the page of -history to the remotest ages, and the record of his achievements -serves as a monument to commemorate the national glory. He was -born on the 24th of June, 1650, and before he was sixteen years of -age he was page of honour to the Duke of York, who procured him -the commission of ensign in the first foot guards in 1666. Being -an enthusiast in his profession, he resigned the pleasures of the -court to engage in actual warfare on the shores of Africa, and -distinguished himself as a volunteer against the Moors under the -walls of Tangier. In 1672 he was appointed captain of a company -in the Duke of Monmouth's regiment of foot, and served with the -French army, commanded by Louis XIV. in person, against the Dutch, -where he signalized himself by a regular attention to duty, and -volunteered his services on every occasion of difficulty and -danger. He soon attracted the attention of the celebrated Marshal -Turenne; distinguished himself at the siege of Nimeguen in 1672; -and, in 1673, added to his rising honours by his gallantry at -the siege of Maestricht, where he was wounded. In the following -campaign he served with the French army on the Rhine, and was -rewarded on the 3rd of April, 1674, with the colonelcy of an -English regiment in the pay of Louis XIV., with which corps he -continued to serve in the German war. In 1678 his regiment was -recalled from France; and he proceeded to Flanders in command of -a brigade of infantry; but the peace of Nimeguen taking place, he -returned to England, and his regiment was disbanded. He continued -in the suite of the Duke of York, whose constant attendant he -became, and was employed in several delicate missions between -His Royal Highness and the King, in which he evinced signal -address. In 1633, he raised a troop of dragoons, and was appointed -colonel of the royal regiment of dragoons,--a corps formed of two -newly-raised troops of dragoons and four troops of Tangier horse. -He was also elevated to the peerage of Scotland by the title of -Baron Churchill of Aymouth; and soon after the accession of the -Duke of York to the throne, he was created an English peer by the -title of Baron Churchill of Sundridge, and promoted to the rank of -brigadier-general. On the breaking out of the rebellion of the Duke -of Monmouth, in June, 1685, Lord Churchill was detached with a body -of troops against the insurgents, and his excellent conduct at the -battle of Sedgemoor was rewarded with the colonelcy of the third -troop of Life Guards, which gave him the privilege of taking the -court duty of gold stick; but his devotion to the Protestant cause -having induced him to join the standard of the Prince of Orange at -the revolution in 1688, he was deprived of his appointment. - -On the accession of King William III. and Queen Mary, Lord -Churchill was restored to the command of the third troop of -Life Guards; advanced to the title of EARL OF MARLBOROUGH; -and subsequently appointed colonel of the ROYAL REGIMENT OF -FUSILIERS. He commanded the troops on the continent in 1689; gained -additional laurels at the battle of Walcourt; and was appointed -commander-in-chief in June, 1690. In the autumn of the same year -he reduced Cork and Kinsale in Ireland;--and served at the head of -the British infantry under King William III. in Flanders, in 1691; -but, in May, 1692, he was sent prisoner to the Tower on a charge -of high treason, which was not substantiated. In 1698 he was again -received into royal favour; and in 1701 King William III. appointed -him to the command of the British troops in the Netherlands, and -to negotiate the treaties to be formed with foreign powers on the -prospect of a war with France; he also appointed him, on the 12th -of February, 1702, colonel of the twenty-fourth regiment of foot. -On the accession of Queen Anne, he was appointed captain-general -of the forces, and to the chief command of the English, Dutch, -and auxiliary armies employed against the French; and all his -operations were crowned with success. He took Venloo, Ruremonde, -Stevenswaert, and Liege with surprising rapidity;--extended -and secured the Dutch frontiers, and forced the enemy to seek -shelter behind their lines. His great ability had become so -conspicuous that on his return to England he was raised to the -rank of DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH. In the spring of 1703 he once more -took the field;--forced Bonn, Huy, and Limburg; but was impeded -in his brilliant career by the jealousy or timidity of the Dutch -generals. In April, 1704, he was appointed colonel of the first -foot guards;--and in the succeeding campaign his grace led the army -from the Ocean to the Danube;--he attacked the enemy on the 2nd -of July, 1704, and forced the intrenchments at Schellenberg with -distinguished gallantry. The decisive battle of Blenheim was fought -on the 13th of August following, and the legions of France and -Bavaria were overthrown;--there, the heaps of slain gave dreadful -proofs of British valour; and whole legions of prisoners were -proofs of their mercy. This victory, which exalted the reputation -of the DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH, and displayed in its true light the -distinguished character of the British troops, produced the most -important results;--Bavaria was subdued:--Ratisbon, Augsburg, -Ulm, Meminghen,--all were recovered. From the Danube he marched -towards the Rhine and Moselle. Landau, Treves, and Traerback were -taken; and the British commander was created a PRINCE OF THE -EMPIRE. His abilities in the field were equalled by his judgment -in the cabinet; and his council guided the confederate princes -of Europe. In the spring of 1705 he once more took the field, -and menaced the French in Alsace. From the Moselle he proceeded -to the Maese. Liege was relieved, Huy retaken, and the boasted -impregnable French lines were forced at Helixem and Neer-Hespen; -but his career of victory was again impeded by the opposition he -met with from the Dutch generals. These difficulties were however -removed. In the spring of 1706 another campaign opened,--when the -discipline he had introduced, and the confidence he inspired, -again proved invincible. He met, attacked, and triumphed over -the French and Spaniards at Ramilies on the 23rd of May, 1706. -This decisive victory was followed by the surrender of Louvain, -Brussels, Malines, Liere, Ghent, Oudenarde, Antwerp, Damme, -Bruges, and Courtray: in the meantime Ostend, Menin, Dendermond, -and Aeth, were taken:--places which had resisted the greatest -generals for months--for years:--provinces disputed for ages -were the conquests of a summer. So great was the reputation of -the armies of the allies, and of their distinguished commander, -that throughout the campaign of 1707 the enemy avoided a general -engagement; but in the following summer a gallant French army, -led by the princes of the blood, was overcome at Oudenarde:--new -armies and new generals appeared; but the career of MARLBOROUGH -could not be stopped. The barriers of France on the side of the Low -Countries, the work of half a century, were attacked. A numerous -French army were spectators of the fall of Lisle,--the bulwark -of their barriers. Every campaign added new conquests. Tournay -was taken. The French army--posted near Malplaquet, in a position -covered by thick woods, defended by treble entrenchments--was -attacked. The battle was bloody--the event decisive. The woods were -pierced. The fortifications were trampled down. The enemy fled. -After this victory Mons was taken; and in the succeeding years, -Douay, Bethune, Aire, St. Venant, Bouchain,--all underwent the same -fate. Nothing availed against a general whose sagacity foresaw -everything, whose vigilance attended to everything, whose constancy -no labour could subdue, whose courage no danger could dismay, -and whose intuitive glance always caught the decisive moment -and insured victory; while the discipline he maintained and the -confidence he inspired were equivalent to an army. The ambitious -Louis XIV. saw his generals over-matched,--his armies beaten and -dispirited,--his possessions wrested from him,--the barriers of -his kingdom trampled down, and a powerful army ready to carry the -horrors of war into the heart of his kingdom. The disasters of -ten campaigns having proved that MARLBOROUGH was invincible, the -French monarch sued for peace. The din and calamities of war were -succeeded by the smile of plenty, tranquillity, and enjoyment: but, -for some political cause, the gallant MARLBOROUGH was divested -of all his offices dependent on the British crown. Continuing a -stedfast adherent to the Protestant succession, he retired to the -continent until the accession of George I., and was then replaced -in his former posts, in which he continued until his decease in -1722. His unremitting exertions to inculcate the principles of -order and discipline; his discernment in bringing merit into -notice; his impartiality; and a series of glorious victories by -which he upheld the national honour, and proved himself a valuable -servant of the crown and kingdom, occasioned his memory to be -deeply engraved on the hearts of the brave men who had fought under -his command. - - -LORD GEORGE HAMILTON, - -_Appointed 23rd January, 1692._ - -LORD GEORGE HAMILTON, fifth son of William Duke of Hamilton, was -an officer in the Royal Regiment in the reign of Charles II., -and also of James II., and, adhering to the Protestant interest -at the Revolution in 1688, he was advanced to the rank of -lieutenant-colonel, and on the 1st of March, 1690, to the brevet -rank of colonel. He served under King William III. in Ireland, -and distinguished himself at the battle of the Boyne; and in -1691 he was at the siege of Athlone, at the battle of Aghrim, -and the capture of Limerick. In January, 1692, he was appointed -colonel of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, at the head of which corps he -distinguished himself at the battle of Steenkirk, and his gallantry -was rewarded with the colonelcy of the Royal Regiment. Continuing -to serve under King William in the Netherlands, he distinguished -himself in 1693 at the unfortunate battle of Landen, and in -1695 at the siege of Namur, and while engaged in this service -he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general. On the 3rd of -January, 1696, he was advanced to the peerage by the titles of -Baron Dechmont, Viscount of Kirkwall, and EARL OF ORKNEY; and in -March, 1702, he was promoted to the rank of major-general. He -served the campaign of this year under the Earl of Marlborough, -and was engaged in the siege of Stevenswaert. He commanded a -brigade of infantry during the campaign of 1703, was advanced to -the rank of lieutenant-general, and invested with the order of -the Thistle in 1704; and, having proceeded with the army into the -heart of Germany, took part in gaining the glorious victories of -Schellenberg and Blenheim. In 1705 he distinguished himself at the -siege and capture of Huy; and in the following year at the battle -of Ramilies, and the siege of Menin. He also took a distinguished -part in the battle of Oudenarde in covering the siege of Lisle; -and in forcing the passage of the Scheldt in 1708. In 1709 he -distinguished himself in the movements which preceded and led to -the battle of Malplaquet, and during this hard-contested action he -signalized himself at the head of fifteen battalions of infantry. -He also signalized himself at the siege of Douay in 1710; and in -the beginning of the following year he was promoted to the rank -of general. He was also engaged in passing the French lines in -1711, and commanded twenty battalions of infantry at the siege of -Bouchain. - -On these occasions the EARL OF ORKNEY had evinced personal bravery -and military talents of a superior character. At the close of the -war he was a member of the privy council, and governor of Edinburgh -Castle. On the accession of George I. he was appointed one of the -lords of the bedchamber to his Majesty, and governor of Virginia; -and in January, 1736, he was promoted to the rank of field marshal. -He was many years one of the sixteen representatives of the -Scottish peerage; and died in January, 1737. - - -EDWARD FITZPATRICK, - -_Appointed 1st August, 1692._ - -EDWARD FITZPATRICK was many years an officer of the Holland -Regiment, now third foot or buffs, in which corps he rose to the -rank of captain, and was so distinguished for a regular attention -to duty, and for devotion to the Protestant interest, that at -the revolution in 1688 he was promoted to the colonelcy of a -regiment of foot (afterwards disbanded) with which he served in -King William's wars. He was at the battle of Walcourt in 1689; and -at the siege of Cork and Kinsale in 1690; and having signalized -himself at the battle of Steenkirk in 1692, he was rewarded with -the colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS. In 1693 he was wounded at -the battle of Landen; and in 1694 he was promoted to the rank of -brigadier general. In 1695 he commanded a brigade of infantry -at the siege of Namur, and he acquired the confidence of his -sovereign, and the esteem of his companions in arms. He was drowned -on the 10th November, 1696. - - -SIR CHARLES O'HARA, - -_Appointed 12th November, 1696._ - -CHARLES O'HARA was an officer of the English brigade in the Dutch -service in the time of King Charles II., and commanded a company in -the Earl of Ossory's regiment. He subsequently held a commission in -the first foot guards, was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of -the regiment, and was knighted by King William III. at Whitehall -in 1689. He subsequently served under His Majesty in Flanders; -was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general in 1695, and was -rewarded with the colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS in 1696. On the -breaking out of the war of the Spanish succession, he was advanced -to the rank of major-general, and he commanded a brigade under -the Duke of Ormond in the expedition against _Cadiz_ in 1702, on -which occasion he was charged with participating in the plunder of -Port St. Mary's, and brought to trial, but acquitted: in 1704 he -was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general. In 1706 Queen Anne -advanced him to the dignity of a peer of Ireland by the title of -BARON OF TYRAWLEY in the county of Mayo; and proceeding to Spain, -he commanded the left wing of the allied army at the battle of -Almanza, in 1707, where he was wounded. His Lordship was sworn a -member of the privy council of Queen Anne in 1710; and also of -King George I. in 1714; and in November, 1714, he was promoted to -the rank of general. He had previously resigned the colonelcy of -the ROYAL FUSILIERS in favour of his son; and on the breaking out -of the rebellion in 1715 he raised a regiment of foot in Ireland; -this corps was, however, disbanded in 1718. He held, for several -years, the appointment of commander-in-chief in Ireland; also the -government of Minorca, and of the Royal Hospital near Dublin. He -died on the 8th of June, 1724. - - -THE HONOURABLE JAMES O'HARA, - -_Appointed 29th January, 1713._ - -THE HON. JAMES O'HARA was appointed lieutenant in the ROYAL -FUSILIERS, commanded by his father, on the 15th of March, 1703, and -in 1706 he proceeded with his regiment to the relief of Barcelona. -In the following year he served on the staff of the army in Spain, -and was wounded at the battle of Almanza, where, it is said, he -was instrumental in saving the Earl of Galway's life. He served -several years at Minorca, and in 1713 he succeeded his father -in the colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS. In 1721 King George I. -advanced him to the dignity of BARON OF KILMAINE; and in 1724 he -succeeded his father in the title of BARON OF TYRAWLEY, and was -sworn a member of the privy council in the same year. The rank of -brigadier-general was conferred on his lordship on the 23rd of -November, 1735; that of major-general on the 2nd of July, 1739; -and in August of the latter year he was removed from the ROYAL -FUSILIERS to the fifth horse, now fourth dragoon guards. In March, -1743, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general, and in -the following month obtained the colonelcy of the second troop of -horse grenadier guards, from which he was removed, in 1745, to the -third troop of life guards, which gave him the privilege of taking -the court duty of Gold Stick. In 1746, when King George II. had -resolved to disband the third and fourth troops of life guards, his -lordship was removed to the tenth foot; he was again removed, in -1749, to the fourteenth dragoons; in 1752, to the third dragoons; -and, in 1755, to the second, or Coldstream regiment of foot guards. -He was appointed governor of Portsmouth on the 1st of May, 1759, -and was promoted to the rank of general on the 7th of March, 1761. -He held the appointment of governor of Minorca for several years; -and was employed as envoy and ambassador to the courts of Portugal -and Russia. He died at Twickenham on the 13th of July, 1773. - - -WILLIAM HARGRAVE, - -_Appointed 27th August, 1739._ - -This Officer entered the army in April, 1694, and served under King -William in Flanders. He also served with distinction in the wars -of Queen Anne; was major of the thirty-sixth regiment, with the -rank of colonel in the army, at the battle of Dumblain in 1715; -and in 1730 he was appointed to the colonelcy of the thirty-first -foot: from which he was removed to the ninth foot in 1737, and in -1739 King George II. gave him the colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, -which he retained until his decease in January, 1751. - - -JOHN MOSTYN, - -_Appointed 26th January, 1751._ - -JOHN MOSTYN obtained a commission in the army in February, 1732; -he rose to the rank of captain in the thirty-first foot, and was -appointed captain-lieutenant in the second foot guards in 1742. -He served with his regiment on the continent; was wounded at -the battle of Fontenoy, and in December, 1747, he was appointed -aide-de-camp to the King, who gave him the colonelcy of the ROYAL -FUSILIERS in 1751. In 1754 he was removed to the thirteenth -dragoons; in 1757 he was promoted to the rank of Major-General; -in 1758 he obtained the colonelcy of the fifth dragoons, and -was removed to the seventh dragoons in 1760. He had previously -been promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general, and he highly -distinguished himself at the head of the British cavalry in -Germany in numerous actions and skirmishes in 1759, and the three -succeeding years. In 1763 he obtained the colonelcy of the first -dragoon guards, and he was promoted to the rank of general in 1772. -He died in 1779. - - -LORD ROBERT BERTIE, - -_Appointed 20th August, 1754._ - -LORD ROBERT BERTIE, son of the Duke of Ancaster, entered the army -in July, 1737, as ensign in the second foot guards, and in 1744 -he was promoted to the rank of captain and lieutenant-colonel. -He was wounded at the battle of Fontenoy in 1745, and appointed -aide-de-camp to the King in 1752: in 1754 he obtained the colonelcy -of the ROYAL FUSILIERS. He accompanied his regiment on board the -fleet in 1756, and was in the engagement off the island of Minorca. -In 1758 he was promoted to the rank of major-general; in 1760 to -that of lieutenant-general; in 1776 he obtained the colonelcy of -the second troop (now second regiment) of life guards; and was -promoted to the rank of general in 1777. He died in 1782. - - -RICHARD PRESCOTT, - -_Appointed 12th November, 1776._ - -This Officer entered the army in the reign of George II. He saw -much service; and on the augmentation, in 1755, he was appointed -major of the fiftieth foot. In 1761 he was promoted to the -lieutenant-colonelcy of the ROYAL FUSILIERS, and the zeal and -attention with which he performed the duties of commanding officer -during the succeeding fifteen years was rewarded with the colonelcy -of the regiment in 1776. In 1777 he was promoted to the rank of -major-general, and in 1782 to that of lieutenant-general. He died -in 1788. - - -THE HONOURABLE WILLIAM GORDON, - -_Appointed 20th October, 1788._ - -This Officer was appointed captain in the sixteenth light dragoons -in 1759; he subsequently held the commission of major in the -eighty-fourth, and lieutenant-colonel in the one hundred and fifth -regiment, which was disbanded at the peace in 1763. In 1777 he was -appointed colonel of the eighty-first regiment, and was promoted -to the rank of major-general in 1781: in 1783 his regiment was -disbanded; in 1787 he was appointed colonel commandant in the -sixtieth, and in 1788 he obtained the colonelcy of the ROYAL -FUSILIERS, from which he was removed in the following year to the -seventy-first regiment. In 1793 he was promoted to the rank of -lieutenant-general. He obtained the colonelcy of the twenty-first -regiment in 1803, which he retained until his decease in 1816. - - -HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE EDWARD, - -_Afterwards_ DUKE OF KENT, - -_Appointed 9th April, 1789._ - -During the early part of this century the ROYAL FUSILIERS had -the honour of being commanded by a Prince who was distinguished -alike for his social and military virtues:--namely, PRINCE EDWARD, -afterwards FIELD MARSHAL HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF KENT AND -STRATHEARN, the father of HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN -VICTORIA. - -Prince Edward, fourth son of His Majesty King George III., was born -on the 2nd of November, 1767. Being destined for the profession of -arms, in the eighteenth year of his age he proceeded to Germany -for the completion of his studies, and resided successively at -Lunenberg and Hanover, and was appointed, on the 30th of May, -1786, colonel of the Hanoverian Guards. During the succeeding -year he removed to Geneva, and while pursuing his studies at this -place, His Majesty conferred upon him the Colonelcy of the 7th -ROYAL FUSILIERS. Early in 1790 he returned to England; and after -passing a few days with his family he embarked, in obedience to the -King's commands, for Gibraltar, in order to acquire a knowledge of -garrison duty under Major-General O'Hara. While at Gibraltar he -commanded for several months the 2nd, or Queen's Regiment, until -the arrival of the 7th ROYAL FUSILIERS, as a reinforcement to the -garrison, in August, 1790. In 1791 he sailed with his regiment from -Gibraltar for Quebec; and while serving in Canada he was promoted -to the rank of major-general. From North America he proceeded, -during the winter of 1793-4, through the United States to Boston, -where he embarked for the West Indies, and joined the army under -General Sir Charles Grey, at the commencement of the siege of Fort -Bourbon, in the island of Martinique, and commanded the detached -camp at La Coste, above Point Petre. During the several attacks His -Royal Highness's conduct excited the admiration of the army; his -life was frequently exposed to the most imminent peril; and his -aides-de-camp, Captain, the late General Sir Frederick Wetherall, -and Lieutenant Vesey, were wounded near his Royal Highness's -person.[27] In compliment to the gallantry evinced by His Royal -Highness on this occasion, the lower fort, called Fort Royal, was -subsequently named FORT EDWARD. - -After the capture of Martinique the array proceeded to St. -Lucie; and His Royal Highness commanded the grenadier brigade, -which, in conjunction with the light infantry brigade, under -Major-General Thomas Dundas, formed the storming-party which -carried Morné Fortuné. From St. Lucie the army proceeded to the -island of Guadaloupe; and the flank companies were detached under -Prince Edward and Major-General Dundas, who succeeded in gaining -possession of Morné Marscot, and Fleur D'Epée, commanding Point -à Petre. His conduct during this course of active and perilous -service again excited admiration, and His Royal Highness received -the thanks of Parliament. After the capture of the French West -India Islands[28] His Royal Highness returned to North America, and -was shortly afterwards appointed Commander of the Forces in Nova -Scotia and its dependencies. On the 12th of January, 1796, he was -promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General; and, having returned -to England on account of ill health, he was created, on the 23rd -of April, 1799, _Earl of Dublin_, in Ireland, and DUKE OF KENT -AND STRATHEARN, in Great Britain; in the following month he was -promoted to the rank of General, and appointed Commander-in-Chief -of all the forces in British North America. On his return to -North America his arrival was greeted by all ranks; and during -his stay in that country he introduced numerous improvements in -the system of conducting public business. In August, 1800, His -Royal Highness returned to England; and in the following year he -was appointed to the Colonelcy of the Royal Regiment of Foot. -In 1802 he was appointed Governor of the important fortress of -Gibraltar, whither he immediately proceeded. His habits were -abstemious and regular; and he was himself a model of that strict -attention to duty and discipline which he required from others; but -while attempting to effect the removal of several long existing -abuses and irregularities, His Royal Highness experienced that -opposition which has attended every attempt to remedy evils, when -the private interests and privileges of individuals are concerned. -The Duke of Kent returned in 1803 to England, where he continued -to reside upwards of fifteen years. He was promoted to the rank of -Field-Marshal on the 5th of September, 1805; he was also elected a -Knight of the Garter, constituted a Knight Grand Cross of the Most -Honourable Military Order of the Bath, and appointed Keeper and -Ranger of Hampton Court Park. - -During the period His Royal Highness resided in England, the -Royal Regiment of Foot experienced the advantage of his constant -care and anxiety for its interests, and of his influence in the -kingdom; and the service was benefited by the care he bestowed -in the introduction of regimental schools. His concern, however, -embraced the welfare of all His Majesty's subjects, and there was -scarcely a public charity in the metropolis which did not derive -benefit from his patronage, personal eloquence, and contributions, -and over many he presided. His private acts of benevolence in the -cases of widows and orphans who were known to His Royal Highness as -deserving objects of relief were very numerous, and the instances -of his charity and philanthropy were attested by the grateful -acknowledgments of those who had no claim on His Royal Highness's -bounty beyond the circumstance of a husband, father, or other -relative having performed faithful service under his command. The -provision made by His Majesty's Government for His Royal Highness -had not been equal to his necessary expenditure to support the -dignity of a Prince of the royal blood; particularly for the -periods he was on foreign service; and in 1816 economical views -induced him to proceed to the Continent. In May, 1818, he was -married at Coburg, according to the Lutheran rites, to Her Serene -Highness Victoria Maria Louisa, youngest daughter of the late -reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg. Shortly after the solemnities the -royal pair proceeded to England, and were remarried at Kew Palace -on the 11th of July, 1818, according to the rites of the Church of -England. In a few weeks after this ceremony the Duke returned with -his bride to the Continent; in the succeeding year they revisited -England; and on the 24th of May, 1819, the Duchess gave birth, at -Kensington Palace, to a daughter, named Alexandrina Victoria, Her -present Majesty. - -In a few months after this happy event this amiable Prince, whose -social, private, and public virtues endeared him to his family -and friends, and procured him a place in the affections of the -British people, was attacked by pulmonary inflammation, produced by -accidental cold, and he died at his temporary residence at Sidmouth -on the 23rd of January, 1820. The remains of His Royal Highness -were removed from Sidmouth and deposited in the royal vault at St. -George's Chapel, in Windsor Castle, on the 12th of February, 1820, -with the usual honours and solemnity observed at the funerals of -the members of the Royal family. - - -SIR ALURED CLARKE, G.C.B., - -_Appointed 21st August, 1801._ - -Alured Clarke was appointed ensign of the fiftieth foot in 1755, -and lieutenant of the same corps in 1760. He served under Prince -Ferdinand of Brunswick in Germany, in the Seven Years' War; and -was appointed to the command of a company in the fifth foot in -1767; in 1771 he was promoted to the majority of the fifty-fourth -regiment, and in 1777 to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the ROYAL -FUSILIERS, with which corps he served in America, and obtained the -rank of colonel in 1781. In 1790 he was promoted to the rank of -major-general, and in 1794 he was rewarded with the colonelcy of -the fifth foot. In 1795 he commanded the land force at the capture -of the Cape of Good Hope; his services were afterwards transferred -to the East Indies, in which country he obtained the local rank of -lieutenant-general in 1796, and he was promoted to the rank of -lieutenant-general in the army in 1797. In 1801 he was removed to -the ROYAL FUSILIERS, and in 1802 he was promoted to the rank of -general: he was advanced to the rank of field-marshal on the 22nd -July, 1830. He died in 1832. - - -SIR EDWARD BLAKENEY, G.C.B. - -_Appointed 20th September, 1832._ - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[27] When Prince Edward was ordered to storm Morné, Tartisson, -and Fort Royal on the 17th March, 1794, he placed himself at -the head of his brigade of grenadiers, and addressed them as -follows:--"_Grenadiers! This is St. Patrick's day; the English -will do their duty in compliment to the Irish, and the Irish in -compliment to the Saint!_--FORWARD GRENADIERS!" - -[28] In commemoration of the important captures in the West Indies, -at the period above stated, an anniversary dinner takes place at -the United Service Club on the 17th of March (St. Patrick's day), -as it was on that Saint's day his late Royal Highness the Duke of -Kent, at the head of his grenadier brigade, carried Fort Royal -by escalade, when both his aides-de-camp, General Sir Frederick -Wetherall, and the late Major-General Vesey, were severely wounded -close to his Royal Highness. The following officers attended on -the 17th March, 1838:--The Marquis of Thomond, General Viscount -Lorton, Admiral Lord Colville, General Sir Lowry Cole, G.C.B., -General Lord Howden, G.C.B., General Sir Fitzroy Maclean, Bart., -Lieutenant-General Sir H. S. Keating, K.C.B., Sir William Pym, -K.C.H., and Major-General Reeves, C.B. All these officers, with the -exception of the Admiral, served in the Grenadier brigade under the -orders of their illustrious commander, His Royal Highness the Duke -of Kent. - - - - -LONDON: Printed by W. CLOWES and SONS, Stamford Street, For Her -Majesty's Stationery Office. - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE - - Footnote [19] is referenced from inside Footnote [18]. - - Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been - corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within - the text and consultation of external sources. - - Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, - and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. For example, - daylight, day-light; muskets, musquets; fusil; piquets; intrusted. - - Pg 25, 'posts of Ticonderago' replaced by 'posts of Ticonderoga'. - Pg 33, 'unexpected even' replaced by 'unexpected event'. - Pg 78, the number '166' was missing and has been added into the table. - Pg 107, 'April, 1774' replaced by 'April, 1694'. - Pg 113, 'in the the Seven' replaced by 'in the Seven'. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Historical record of the Seventh -Regiment, or The Royal Fusiliers, by Richard Cannon - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD--7TH REGIMENT *** - -***** This file should be named 56220-0.txt or 56220-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/6/2/2/56220/ - -Produced by Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -book was produced from images made available by the -HathiTrust Digital Library.) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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