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diff --git a/old/54607-0.txt b/old/54607-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 7a739cc..0000000 --- a/old/54607-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4279 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Historical Record of The Fifth or -Princess Charlotte of Wales's Regimen, by Richard Cannon - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Historical Record of The Fifth or Princess Charlotte of Wales's Regiment of Dragoon Guards - Containing an Account of the Formation of the Regiment in - 1685; with its Subsequent Services to 1838 - -Author: Richard Cannon - -Release Date: April 26, 2017 [EBook #54607] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD--5TH WALES REGIMENT *** - - - - -Produced by Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -book was produced from images made available by the -HathiTrust Digital Library.) - - - - - - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - - A superscript is denoted by ^x, for example und^r or iv^s. - - Some minor changes are noted at the end of the book. - - - - - HISTORICAL RECORDS - - OF THE - - BRITISH ARMY. - - PREPARED FOR PUBLICATION UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE - ADJUTANT-GENERAL. - - - THE FIFTH, - - OR - - - PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT - OF DRAGOON GUARDS. - - - - - LONDON: - - - Printed by WILLIAM CLOWES and SONS, - 14, Charing Cross. - - - - -GENERAL ORDERS. - - - _HORSE-GUARDS,_ - _1st January, 1836._ - -His Majesty has been pleased to command, that, with a view of doing -the fullest justice to Regiments, as well as to Individuals who -have distinguished themselves by their Bravery in Action with the -Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Regiment in the British -Army shall be published under the superintendence and direction -of the Adjutant-General; and that this Account shall contain the -following particulars: _viz._, - - ---- The Period and Circumstances of the Original Formation of - the Regiment; The Stations at which it has been from time to time - employed; The Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations, - in which it has been engaged, particularly specifying any - Achievement it may have performed, and the Colours, Trophies, - &c., it may have captured from the Enemy. - - ---- The Names of the Officers and the number of Non-Commissioned - Officers and Privates, Killed or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying - the Place and Date of the Action. - - ---- The Names of those Officers, who, in consideration of their - Gallant Services and Meritorious Conduct in Engagements with the - Enemy, have been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other - Marks of His Majesty's gracious favour. - - ---- The Names of all such Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers - and Privates as may have specially signalized themselves in - Action. - - And, - - ---- The Badges and Devices which the Regiment may have been - permitted to bear, and the Causes on account of which such Badges - or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted. - - By Command of the Right Honourable - - GENERAL LORD HILL, - _Commanding-in-Chief_. - - JOHN MACDONALD, - _Adjutant-General_. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend -upon the zeal and ardour, by which all who enter into its service -are animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that -any measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which -alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. - -Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable -object, than a full display of the noble deeds with which the -Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright -examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to -incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have -preceded him in their honourable career, are among the motives that -have given rise to the present publication. - -The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the -'London Gazette,' from whence they are transferred into the public -prints: the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the -time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute of praise and -admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, -the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on -the Commanders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their -orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill -and bravery, and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour -of their Sovereign's Approbation, constitute the reward which the -soldier most highly prizes. - -It has not, however, until late years, been the practice (which -appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) -for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services -and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in -obtaining, particularly from the old Regiments, an authentic -account of their origin and subsequent services. - -This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty -having been pleased to command, that every Regiment shall in future -keep a full and ample record of its services at home and abroad. - -From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth -derive information as to the difficulties and privations which -chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In -Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to -the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and -where these pursuits have, for so long a period, been undisturbed -by the _presence of war_, which few other countries have escaped, -comparatively little is known of the vicissitudes of active -service, and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during -peace, the British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, -with little or no interval of repose. - -In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country -derives from the industry and the enterprise of the agriculturist -and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to -reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor,--on -their sufferings,--and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which -so many national benefits are obtained and preserved. - -The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, -have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties; and -their character has been established in Continental warfare by the -irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in -spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and -steadiness with which they have maintained their advantages against -superior numbers. - -In the official Reports made by the respective Commanders, ample -justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the -Corps employed; but the details of their services, and of acts of -individual bravery, can only be fully given in the Annals of the -various Regiments. - -These Records are now preparing for publication, under His -Majesty's special authority, by Mr. RICHARD CANNON, Principal Clerk -of the Adjutant-General's Office; and while the perusal of them -cannot fail to be useful and interesting to military men of every -rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and -information to the general reader, particularly to those who may -have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. - -There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or -are serving, in the Army, an _Esprit de Corps_--an attachment -to every thing belonging to their Regiment; to such persons a -narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove -interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great,--the -valiant,--the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with -a brave and civilised people. Great Britain has produced a race -of heroes who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood, "firm -as the rocks of their native shore;" and when half the World has -been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their -Country with unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of -achievements in war,--victories so complete and surprising, gained -by our countrymen,--our brothers--our fellow-citizens in arms,--a -record which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their -gallant deeds before us, will certainly prove acceptable to the -public. - -Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished -Officers, will be introduced in the Records of their respective -Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to -time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testifying the value -and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth. - -As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment -will be printed in a distinct number, so that when the whole shall -be completed, the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession. - - - - -INTRODUCTION. - - -The ancient Armies of England were composed of Horse and Foot; but -the feudal troops established by William the Conqueror in 1086, -consisted almost entirely of Horse. Under the feudal system, every -holder of land amounting to what was termed a "knight's fee," was -required to provide a charger, a coat of mail, a helmet, a shield, -and a lance, and to serve the Crown a period of forty days in -each year at his own expense; and the great landholders had to -provide armed men in proportion to the extent of their estates; -consequently the ranks of the feudal Cavalry were completed with -men of property, and the vassals and tenants of the great barons, -who led their dependents to the field in person. - -In the succeeding reigns the Cavalry of the Army was composed -of Knights (or men at arms) and Hobiliers (or horsemen of -inferior degree); and the Infantry of spear and battle-axe men, -cross-bowmen, and archers. The Knights wore armour on every part -of the body, and their weapons were a lance, a sword, and a small -dagger. The Hobiliers were accoutred and armed for the light and -less important services of war, and were not considered qualified -for a charge in line. Mounted Archers[1] were also introduced, and -the English nation eventually became pre-eminent in the use of the -bow. - -About the time of Queen Mary the appellation of "_Men at Arms_" -was changed to that of "_Spears_ and _Launces_." The introduction -of fire-arms ultimately occasioned the lance to fall into disuse, -and the title of the Horsemen of the first degree was changed to -"_Cuirassiers_." The Cuirassiers were armed _cap-à-pié_, and their -weapons were a sword with a straight narrow blade and sharp point, -and a pair of large pistols, called petrenels; and the Hobiliers -carried carbines. The Infantry carried pikes, matchlocks, and -swords. The introduction of fire-arms occasioned the formation of -regiments armed and equipped as infantry, but mounted on small -horses for the sake of expedition of movement, and these were -styled "_Dragoons_;" a small portion of the military force of the -kingdom, however, consisted of this description of troops. - -The formation of the present Army commenced after the Restoration -in 1660, with the establishment of regular corps of Horse and Foot; -the Horsemen were cuirassiers, but only wore armour on the head and -body; and the Foot were pike-men and musketeers. The arms which -each description of force carried, are described in the following -extract from the "Regulations of King Charles II.," dated 5th May, -1663:-- - - "Each Horseman to have for his defensive armes, back, breast, - and pot; and for his offensive armes, a sword, and a case of - pistolls, the barrels whereof are not to be und^r. foorteen - inches in length; and each Trooper of Our Guards to have a - carbine, besides the aforesaid armes. And the Foote to have - each souldier a sword, and each pikeman a pike of 16 foote long - and not und^r.; and each musqueteer a musquet, with a collar of - bandaliers, the barrels of which musquet to be about foor foote - long, and to conteine a bullet, foorteen of which shall weigh a - pound weight[2]." - -The ranks of the Troops of Horse were at this period composed of -men of some property--generally the sons of substantial yeomen: the -young men received as recruits provided their own horses, and they -were placed on a rate of pay sufficient to give them a respectable -station in society. - -On the breaking out of the war with Holland, in the spring of 1672, -a Regiment of Dragoons was raised[3]; the Dragoons were placed on -a lower rate of pay than the Horse; and the Regiment was armed -similar to the Infantry, excepting that a limited number of the -men carried halberds instead of pikes, and the others muskets and -bayonets; and a few men in each Troop had pistols; as appears by a -warrant dated the 2nd of April, 1672, of which the following is an -extract:-- - - "CHARLES R. - - "Our will and pleasure is, that a Regiment of Dragoones which - we have established and ordered to be raised, in twelve Troopes - of fourscore in each beside officers, who are to be under the - command of Our most deare and most intirely beloved Cousin Prince - Rupert, shall be armed out of Our stoares remaining within Our - office of the Ordinance, as followeth; that is to say, three - corporalls, two serjeants, the gentlemen at armes, and twelve - souldiers of each of the said twelve Troopes, are to have and - carry each of them one halbard, and one case of pistolls with - holsters; and the rest of the souldiers of the several Troopes - aforesaid, are to have and to carry each of them one match-locke - musquet, with a collar of bandaliers, and also to have and to - carry one bayonet[4], or great knife. That each lieutenant have - and carry one partizan; and that two drums be delivered out for - each Troope of the said Regiment[5]." - -Several regiments of Horse and Dragoons were raised in the first -year of the reign of King James II.; and the horsemen carried a -short carbine[6] in addition to the sword and pair of pistols: and -in a Regulation dated the 21st of February, 1687, the arms of the -Dragoons at that period are commanded to be as follow:-- - - "The Dragoons to have snaphanse musquets, strapt, with bright - barrels of three foote eight inches long, cartouch-boxes, - bayonetts, granado pouches, bucketts, and hammer-hatchetts." - -After several years' experience, little advantage was found to -accrue from having Cavalry Regiments formed almost exclusively -for engaging the enemy on foot; and, the Horse having laid aside -their armour, the arms and equipment of Horse and Dragoons were so -nearly assimilated, that there remained little distinction besides -the name and rate of pay. The introduction of improvements into the -mounting, arming, and equipment of Dragoons rendered them competent -to the performance of every description of service required of -Cavalry; and, while the long musket and bayonet were retained, to -enable them to act as Infantry, if necessary, they were found to be -equally efficient, and of equal value to the nation, as Cavalry, -with the Regiments of Horse. - -In the several augmentations made to the regular Army after the -early part of the reign of Queen Anne, no new Regiments of Horse -were raised for permanent service; and in 1746 King George II. -reduced three of the old Regiments of Horse to the quality and pay -of Dragoons; at the same time, His Majesty gave them the title of -First, Second, and Third Regiments of _Dragoon Guards_: and in -1788 the same alteration was made in the remaining four Regiments -of Horse, which then became the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh -Regiments of _Dragoon Guards_. - -At present there are only three Regiments which are styled _Horse_ -in the British Army, namely, the two Regiments of Life Guards, -and the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards, to whom cuirasses have -recently been restored. The other Cavalry Regiments consist of -Dragoon Guards, Heavy and Light Dragoons, Hussars, and Lancers; -and although the long musket and bayonet have been laid aside by -the whole of the Cavalry, and the Regiments are armed and equipped -on the principle of the old Horse (excepting the cuirass), they -continue to be styled Dragoons. - -The old Regiments of Horse formed a highly respectable and -efficient portion of the Army, and it is found, on perusing the -histories of the various campaigns in which they have been engaged, -that they have, on all occasions, maintained a high character for -steadiness and discipline, as well as for bravery in action. They -were formerly mounted on horses of superior weight and physical -power, and few troops could withstand a well-directed charge of -the celebrated British Horse. The records of these corps embrace a -period of 150 years--a period eventful in history, and abounding in -instances of heroism displayed by the British troops when danger -has threatened the nation,--a period in which these Regiments have -numbered in their ranks men of loyalty, valour, and good conduct, -worthy of imitation. - -Since the Regiments of Horse were formed into Dragoon Guards, -additional improvements have been introduced into the constitution -of the several corps; and the superior description of horses now -bred in the United Kingdom enables the commanding officers to -remount their regiments with such excellent horses, that, whilst -sufficient weight has been retained for a powerful charge in line, -a lightness has been acquired which renders them available for -every description of service incident to modern warfare. - -The orderly conduct of these Regiments in quarters has gained the -confidence and esteem of the respectable inhabitants of the various -parts of the United Kingdom in which they have been stationed; -their promptitude and alacrity in attending to the requisitions of -the magistrates in periods of excitement, and the temper, patience, -and forbearance which they have evinced when subjected to great -provocation, insult, and violence from the misguided populace, -prove the value of these troops to the Crown, and to the Government -of the country, and justify the reliance which is reposed on them. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] In the 14th year of the reign of Edward IV. a small force was -established in Ireland by Parliament, consisting of 120 Archers on -horseback, 40 Horsemen, and 40 Pages. - -[2] Military Papers, State Paper Office. - -[3] This Regiment was disbanded after the Peace in 1674. - -[4] This appears to be the first introduction of _bayonets_ into -the English Army. - -[5] State Paper Office. - -[6] The first issue of carbines to the regular Horse appears -to have taken place in 1678; the Life Guards, however, carried -carbines from their formation in 1660.--Vide the 'Historical Record -of the Life Guards.' - - - - - HISTORICAL RECORD - - OF - - THE FIFTH, - - OR - - PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT - - OF - - DRAGOON GUARDS: - - CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF - - THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT - IN 1685; - - WITH ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES - TO 1838. - - ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. - - LONDON: - PUBLISHED BY LONGMAN, ORME, AND CO., - PATERNOSTER ROW; - W. CLOWES AND SONS, 14, CHARING CROSS; - - AND TO BE HAD OF ALL BOOKSELLERS. - - 1839. - - Printed by WILLIAM CLOWES and SONS, Stamford Street. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - Anno Page - - 1685 Formation of the Regiment 1 - - ---- Equipped as Cuirassiers, and obtained rank as - _Seventh Horse_ 3 - - ---- Reviewed by King James II. 4 - - 1686 First Establishment 5 - - ---- Names of Officers 6 - - ---- Reviewed on Hounslow Heath -- - - 1688 The Revolution 7 - - 1689 Proceeds to Ireland 9 - - ---- Siege of Carrickfergus -- - - 1690 Battle of the Boyne 11 - - ---- Siege of Limerick 12 - - 1691 Skirmish near Brewsterfield -- - - ---- Second Siege of Limerick 13 - - 1692 Returns to England -- - - 1693 Performs Court Duty 14 - - 1694 Proceeds to the Netherlands -- - - 1695 Covering the Siege of Namur -- - - 1697 Skirmish near Enghien 15 - - 1698 Returns to England 16 - - 1700 Proceeds to Ireland -- - - 1702 Three Troops return to England, and proceed to - Holland 17 - - ---- Covering the Sieges of Venloo, Ruremonde, - Stevenswaert, and Liege -- - - 1703 Skirmish near Haneff; and covering the Sieges of - Huy and Limburg 18 - - 1704 Three Troops from Ireland to Holland -- - - ---- Battle of Schellenberg 19 - - ---- -------- Blenheim 20 - - ---- Covering the Siege of Laudan 21 - - 1705 Forcing the French Lines at Helixem and Neer-Hespen -- - - 1706 Battle of Ramilies 24 - - ---- Sieges of Antwerp and Dendermond 25 - - 1708 Battle of Oudenarde 26 - - ---- Siege of Lisle, and Action at Wynendale 27 - - 1709 Covering the Siege of Tournay 28 - - ---- Battle of Malplaquet -- - - ---- Covering the Siege of Mons 29 - - 1710 -------------------- Douay, Bethune, Aire, and - St. Venant -- - - 1711 Forcing the French Lines at Arleux -- - - ---- Covering the Siege of Bouchain 30 - - ---- Skirmish near Wavrechin 31 - - 1712 Covering the Siege of Quesnoy 33 - - 1714 Proceeds to Ireland 34 - - 1717 Facings changed from Buff to Full Green 35 - - 1746 Styled the _Second Irish Horse_ 37 - - 1751 Description of the Clothing and Standards -- - - 1788 Title changed to _Fifth Dragoon Guards_ 40 - - 1793 Proceeds to Flanders 42 - - 1794 Action at Prêmont -- - - ---- Covering the Siege of Landrécies -- - - ---- Battle of Cateau 43 - - ---- Action near Tournay 44 - - ---- Retreat through Holland to Germany 45 - - 1795 Embarks for England -- - - 1796 Proceeds to Ireland -- - - 1798 Rebellion in Ireland 46 - - ---- Actions at Arklow, Ballycarnen, and Gorey -- - - ---- ---------- Vinegar Hill and White Hills 47 - - ---- Skirmish near Prosperous -- - - ---- Action at Ballinamuck 48 - - 1799 Returns to England 48 - - 1804 Styled the _Fifth, or Princess Charlotte of Wales's - Regiment of Dragoon Guards_ -- - - 1805 Proceeds to Ireland 49 - - 1808 Returns to England -- - - 1811 Reviewed by the Prince Regent -- - - ---- Embarks for Portugal 50 - - 1812 Covering the Siege of Badajoz 51 - - ---- Action at Llerena -- - - ---- Battle of Salamanca 56 - - ---- Skirmish at Alba de Tormes 60 - - ---- Advances to Madrid 62 - - ---- Covering the Siege of Burgos -- - - ---- Retreats to Portugal 63 - - 1813 Advances into Spain 65 - - ---- Battle of Vittoria -- - - 1814 Advances through the Pyrenees into France 67 - - ---- Action near Tarbes -- - - ---- Battle of Toulouse 68 - - ---- Returns to England 69 - - 1816 Proceeds to Ireland 73 - - 1817 Proceeds to Scotland, and from thence to England -- - - 1821 Returns to Scotland, and embarks for Ireland 74 - - 1825 Embarks for Scotland 75 - - 1826 Proceeds to England -- - - 1830 Reviewed by King William IV. at Windsor 76 - - 1831 Embarks for Ireland 77 - - 1834 Returns to England -- - - 1835 Proceeds to Scotland -- - - 1836 Returns to England -- - - 1838 The Conclusion 78 - - - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. - - - Anno Page - - 1685 Charles Earl of Shrewsbury 79 - - 1687 Marmaduke Lord Langdale 81 - - ---- Richard Hamilton 82 - - 1688 John Coy 83 - - 1697 Charles Earl of Arran 84 - - 1703 William Cadogan 85 - - 1712 George Kellum 87 - - 1717 Robert Napier 88 - - 1740 Charles Neville 89 - - 1744 Richard Viscount Cobham -- - - 1745 Thomas Wentworth 90 - - 1747 Thomas Bligh 91 - - 1758 Hon. John Waldegrave 92 - - 1760 Hon. John Fitz-William -- - - 1789 John Douglas 93 - - 1790 Thomas Bland -- - - 1816 Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg 94 - - 1831 Sir John Slade, Bart. 99 - - - - -PLATES. - - - The Standard of the Regiment to precede 1 - - The Capture of the Bavarian Standards at the forcing of - the French Lines in 1705 to face 24 - - The Fifth Dragoon Guards at the Battle of Salamanca to face 60 - - - - - THE FIFTH, - - OR - - PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT - - OF - - DRAGOON GUARDS, - - BEARS UPON ITS STANDARDS - - THE MOTTO - - "_VESTIGIA NULLA RETRORSUM_;" - - AND THE FOLLOWING INSCRIPTIONS: - - "SALAMANCA," "VITTORIA," "TOULOUSE," "PENINSULA." - - -[Illustration: FIFTH (THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S) REGIMENT -OF DRAGOON GUARDS.] - - - - -HISTORICAL RECORD - -OF THE - -FIFTH, - -OR - -PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT - -OF - -DRAGOON GUARDS. - - -[Sidenote: 1685] - -In the early periods of the history of this country a standing army -was unknown; but as the kingdom increased in arts, sciences, and -manufactures, and as national institutions, established upon sound -principles, assumed an important character, a regularly organized -military force was found necessary to protect the interests of -society, and to guard colonial possessions; and when the other -nations of Europe have from time to time augmented their standing -armies, it has been found necessary to make similar additions -to the regular force of Great Britain. After the Restoration in -1660, the army of the Commonwealth was disbanded, and a body of -household troops, with a few garrison companies, were considered -sufficient; but the acquisition of additional possessions, the -ambitious designs of foreign potentates, and internal commotions in -the kingdom, have occasioned numerous additions to be made to the -regular army. It was one of the last mentioned causes, which, in -the year 1685, gave rise to the formation of the corps which is the -subject of this memoir, and which now bears the title of the FIFTH, -OR PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS. - -A difference in religious views and opinions has often occasioned -long and sanguinary wars; and the accession of a Roman Catholic -Prince (James II.) to the throne of Great Britain, was an event so -little congenial to the feelings of a Protestant people, that James -Duke of Monmouth (natural son of King Charles II.) was induced, -by the persuasions of men who were disaffected to the existing -government, to make a daring attempt to dethrone his uncle, and to -gain the sovereignty of the kingdom. - -This event occurring at a time when the first feelings of alarm -at the appearance of a Papist on the throne had subsided, and -before the King had made any serious attack on the constitution or -established religion, the people were not prepared to throw off -their allegiance to their sovereign; consequently, while a few -thousands of disaffected persons joined the standard of rebellion, -much greater numbers arrayed themselves under the banners of -royalty. Many noblemen and gentlemen exerted themselves in raising -forces for the King; and it is stated in the public records, that -a number of the respectable yeomen and others who volunteered -their services in the royal cause, were incorporated into a troop -of horse by Charles Earl of Shrewsbury, at Litchfield; another -troop of horse was raised by Francis Lord Brudenel, at Kingston -upon Thames; a third by Sir Thomas Grosvenor, at Chester; a fourth -by Roger Pope, Esq., in the vicinity of Bridgnorth; a fifth by -Mr. Francis Spalding, at Bristol; and a sixth by the Honourable -John D'Arcy, (guidon of the second troop, now second regiment of -Life Guards,) in London. These formed part of an extensive body -of troops raised in a few weeks; but the rebellion was suppressed -by the old corps which the King had in his service, without the -aid of the new levies. His Majesty, however, looking forward to -the commotions which would probably follow the execution of the -attacks he was urged by his jesuitical councillors to make on the -established religion and laws, resolved to retain a considerable -portion of the newly-raised forces in his service; and these six -troops of horse were, on the 29th of July, 1685, constituted a -regiment of CUIRASSIERS, of which the EARL OF SHREWSBURY was -appointed Colonel, the Honourable John D'Arcy Lieutenant-Colonel, -and John Skelton, Esq., Major. This regiment ranked at that period -as SEVENTH HORSE; and is now the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS. - -The uniform and equipment of this corps, like that of the other -regiments of horse, were hats, long scarlet coats, jacked-leather -boots, cuirasses, iron head pieces, swords, pair of pistols, and -short carbines. Each corps had a distinguishing colour, then called -its regimental _livery_, and now styled its _facing_, and the -distinguishing colour of SHREWSBURY'S CUIRASSIERS was _buff_; the -men had their coats lined with buff shalloon, and their waistcoats, -breeches, ribands in their hats, and horse furniture, were of the -same colour. - -Soon after its formation the regiment marched into quarters near -Hounslow, and experienced officers were appointed to teach the men -the established military exercises; they formed two squadrons, -three troops in a squadron; but each troop had a standard of -buff-silk damask; and these loyal cavaliers, being mounted on -strong horses, had not only a warlike appearance, but they were -well calculated for a charge in line where weight and physical -power were necessary. The Cuirassiers had succeeded the ancient -Lancers (or Launces), formerly the highest class of military -force in Europe, and celebrated for valour, prowess, and feats -of chivalry. The Lancers were armed _cap à pié_, but the lance -having, to a great extent, been laid aside before the middle of -the seventeenth century, helmets, and armour on the limbs, were -also discontinued soon afterwards. The regiments of Horse, having -succeeded the ancient Lancers, were held in high estimation; and in -the succeeding reigns they acquired great celebrity. - -After having been twice reviewed by King James II. on Hounslow -Heath, the regiment marched into quarters in Warwickshire, where it -passed several months. - -The King, having acquired some practical knowledge of military -service in the civil war in France, and in the Netherlands, under -Marshals Turenne and the Prince of Condé, established several -useful regulations for the preservation of order and discipline -in his army; two experienced officers, Sir John Lanier and Sir -John Fenwick, were appointed Inspecting Generals of Cavalry; and -the first half-yearly inspection of this regiment was made by -Brigadier-General Sir John Fenwick, of the Life Guards, in its -quarters in Warwickshire. - -[Sidenote: 1686] - -While in these quarters, its establishment was fixed, by a royal -warrant dated the 1st of January, 1686, at the following numbers:-- - - +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | THE EARL OF SHREWSBURY'S REGIMENT OF HORSE. | - +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | FIELD AND STAFF-OFFICERS. | Per Diem. | - +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | | £.| _s._| _d._| - | | | | | - |The Colonel, _as Colonel_ | 0 | 12 | 0 | - |Lieutenant-Colonel, _as Lieut.-Colonel_ | 0 | 8 | 0 | - |The Major (_who has no troop_), for himself, } | | | | - | horses, and servants. } | 1 | 0 | 0 | - |Adjutant | 0 | 5 | 0 | - |Chaplaine | 0 | 6 | 8 | - |Chirurgeon iv^s per day, and j horse to carry } | | | | - | his chest, ij^s per day } | 0 | 6 | 0 | - |A Kettle-Drummer to the Colonel's troop. | 0 | 3 | 0 | - | +---+-----+-----+ - | | 3 | 0 | 8 | - | +---+-----+-----+ - | THE COLONEL'S TROOP. | | | | - | | | | | - |The Colonel, _as Captaine_, x^s per day, and } | | | | - | ij horses each at ij^s per day } | 0 | 14 | 0 | - |Lievtenant vi^s, and ij horses, each at ij^s | 0 | 10 | 0 | - |Cornett v^s, and ij horses, each at ij^s | 0 | 9 | 0 | - |Quarter-Master iv^s, and i horse, at ij^s | 0 | 6 | 0 | - |Three Corporals, each at iij^s per day | 0 | 9 | 0 | - |Two Trumpeters, each at ij^s viii^d | 0 | 5 | 4 | - |Forty Private Soldiers, each at ij^s vi^d per day. | 5 | 0 | 0 | - | +---+-----+-----+ - | | 7 | 13 | 4 | - |FIVE TROOPS MORE, of the same numbers, and at } | | | | - | the same rates of pay as the Colonel's troop } |38 | 6 | 8 | - | +---+-----+-----+ - | TOTAL FOR THIS REGIMENT PER DIEM |49 | 0 | 8 | - | +---+-----+-----+ - | PER ANNUM £17,897. 3_s._ 4_d._ | | | | - +-----------------------------------------------------+---+-----+-----+ - -The following officers were at this period holding commissions in -the regiment:-- - - +------+--------------------------+-----------------+------------------+ - |Troop.| Captains. | Lieutenants. | Cornets. | - +------+--------------------------+-----------------+------------------+ - | 1st. | Earl of Shrewsbury (Col.)| John Grosvenor | George Kellum. | - | 2d. | John Coy, (Lieut.-Col.) | James Bringfield| Hon. W. Brudenel.| - | 3d. | Sir Thomas Grosvenor | Henry Grosvenor | James Williamson.| - | 4th. | Roger Pope | Thomas Griffiths| Guy Forster. | - | 5th. | Francis Spalding | Thomas Doughty | William Rowley. | - | 6th. | Charles Orme | Thomas Manning | Ralph Pope. | - +------+--------------------------+-----------------+------------------+ - | John Skelton Major. | - | Samuel Bowles Chaplain. | - | James Arden Surgeon. | - | George Briscoe Adjutant. | - +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ - -The EARL OF SHREWSBURY'S CUIRASSIERS were withdrawn from their -country quarters in the summer of this year, and were encamped -with other forces on Hounslow Heath; where they were practised in -military evolutions, under the direction of Lieutenant-Generals the -Earls of Craven, Feversham, and Dumbarton; and were several times -reviewed by King James II.: in August they struck their tents and -marched to Buckingham and Wendover. - -[Sidenote: 1687] - -The King, being surrounded by Roman Catholic priests, soon gave -indication of his designs against the reformed religion; the -Earl of Shrewsbury, who was a stanch Protestant, resigned his -commission, and afterwards proceeded to Holland and joined the -Prince of Orange, to whom the nation began to look for deliverance -from popish tyranny. His Majesty appointed, in January, 1687, -Marmaduke Lord Langdale, to the Colonelcy of the regiment, who -was succeeded in the following month by the HONOURABLE RICHARD -HAMILTON, a Roman Catholic officer, from the Colonelcy of a -regiment of dragoons in Ireland. - -[Sidenote: 1688] - -From this period until that great national event, the Revolution in -1688, few circumstances occurred, in which Hamilton's regiment was -particularly concerned, worthy of being recorded in this memoir. It -was encamped on Hounslow Heath in the summer of 1687, and also in -that of 1688; and its Colonel being a Papist, the attempt made by -the King to introduce officers and soldiers of that religion into -the army, would, doubtless, meet with no obstruction in this corps. -The majority of the officers and men were, however, firmly attached -to the Protestant cause. - -The King had raised and equipped a fine army for the purpose of -making it subservient to his insidious designs; but the troops -proved faithful to the interests of their country and religion, -and an association of officers was secretly formed at the camp -on Hounslow Heath, in favour of the Prince of Orange, who was -preparing an army to invade England and to rescue the kingdom from -the power of the Papists. - -Information having been received of the designs of the Prince of -Orange, HAMILTON'S CUIRASSIERS were ordered to Ipswich, where -the Earl of Arran's regiment (now Fourth Dragoon Guards), and -the Queen's (now Third) Dragoons, commanded by Colonel Alexander -Cannon, were assembled under the orders of Major-General Sir John -Lanier, to preserve Landguard Fort, and to prevent the Prince -landing there; and two regiments of horse and one of dragoons were -stationed at Colchester to support this force, if necessary. Sir -John Lanier is stated by King James, in his memoirs, to have been -one of the associated officers, and to have resolved to seize on -the Earl of Arran, and Colonels Hamilton and Cannon, and to have -joined the Prince with the three regiments; but this arrangement, -in which King James states, in his memoirs, most of the officers -had agreed to co-operate, was rendered void by his Highness landing -at Torbay. - -HAMILTON'S CUIRASSIERS were afterwards ordered to march to the -metropolis, and from thence to Salisbury; but a general defection -appearing in the army, the King fled to France; the Prince of -Orange ordered the regiment to march to Fenny Stratford, and its -Colonel, the Honourable Richard Hamilton, was confined in the Tower -of London, for holding a commission for which he was disqualified -by law, he being a Papist. - -On the 31st of December, 1688, the Prince of Orange conferred the -Colonelcy of the regiment on the Lieutenant-Colonel, John Coy; and -during the eight succeeding years it bore the title of COY'S HORSE, -or CUIRASSIERS. - -All the Papists having been dismissed, the regiment received a -draft of one hundred men and horses from the Marquis of Miremont's -regiment of horse,--a corps which had been recently raised, and was -now disbanded. - -[Sidenote: 1689] - -These events were followed by the accession of William and Mary, -the Prince and Princess of Orange, to the throne; and the first -duty in which the regiment was called upon to engage under the new -dynasty, was the patrolling of the public roads to prevent highway -robberies, which, owing to the commotions recently experienced in -society, had become very frequent. It also furnished a detachment -to protect the King's herd of deer in the Forest of Dean against -the depredations of organized bands of deer-stealers. - -From these duties COY'S HORSE were soon relieved to engage in -military operations in Ireland, which country had become the -theatre of intestine war. The Papists were in arms in favour of -King James, who had arrived in Ireland with a body of troops -from France; and, following that system of cruelty which has -invariably been practised when religion has been the subject of -contention, the hapless Protestants, being the weaker party, had -been made to feel the full weight of Catholic vengeance. Many of -the Protestants, particularly in Inniskilling and Londonderry, had -taken arms. King William sent a body of troops under Duke Schomberg -to their aid, and COY'S HORSE embarked at Highlake, in Cheshire, in -the middle of August, 1689, for the same service. - -After landing at Belfast, the regiment was employed in covering -the siege of _Carrickfergus_, and had its post in the lines before -the town. This place having surrendered on the 28th of August, -a detachment of the regiment, commanded by Captain Sir William -Russel, escorted the garrison, consisting of two regiments of -foot, "all stout fellows, but ill clothed," the first stage -from the town; and such cruelties had been practised by the -Papists, that, according to Story, who was an eye-witness, the -troopers experienced some difficulty in preserving the Catholic -soldiers from being torn to pieces by the country people, who were -stimulated to revenge by the remembrance of past injuries. - -The regiment afterwards advanced with the army towards Newry, where -a party of the enemy was assembled, who, on the approach of the -English, set fire to the town, and retreated over the mountains to -Dundalk. The English passed the mountains on the following day, -when the enemy quitted Dundalk and retired to Atherdee, where the -main body of King James's army was assembled. - -Marshal Duke Schomberg, finding Dundalk to be a strong situation, -with a convenient harbour for obtaining supplies from England, -and knowing that the enemy's army was more than double his own in -numbers, formed an intrenched camp, where he resolved to continue -during the remainder of the campaign; but the ground where the -troops were encamped being low, and the weather proving wet, this -injudicious choice of situation proved so fatal to his army, that -the infantry corps lost half their men from disease. COY'S HORSE -remained at Dundalk upwards of a month, and afterwards proceeded -to Carlingford for the convenience of forage. During the winter, -detached parties had frequent encounters with the bands of armed -Papists who prowled the country, committing every description of -outrage; and an out-guard of the regiment, posted in the pass of -Newry, was sharply engaged with a party of the enemy, who attempted -to force the pass, but were repulsed with loss, the gallant English -Cuirassiers proving more than a match for their antagonists. - -[Sidenote: 1690] - -In June, 1690, King William arrived in Ireland to command the army -in person, and the regiment was now called upon to serve under the -eye of its sovereign. This circumstance is said to have given rise -to a laudable feeling of emulation in all ranks of the army, and -the troopers longed for an opportunity to distinguish themselves in -presence of their King. The desired opportunity soon occurred; the -King, advancing up to the banks of the _Boyne_, found the enemy in -position on the opposite side of the river, and the troops prepared -for battle. This regiment was with His Majesty on the evening -preceding the battle, while reconnoitring the enemy's position, and -was exposed to a cannonade, on which occasion the King was wounded -in the shoulder, and the regiment had three men and nine horses -killed. - -Early on the 1st of July, as the rays of morning-light shed their -lustre on the camp, the English and Dutch troops appeared in -motion, every man displaying a green branch in his hat; and soon -the columns were seen advancing towards the Boyne, their glittering -arms, waving plumes, and floating banners, exhibiting all the pomp -of war: the French and Irish stood to their arms and prepared to -defend their post. COY'S HORSE, forming part of the cavalry of the -right wing, were in the column which forded the river near Slane -Bridge; some opposition was made by a regiment of Irish dragoons, -which was attacked, and its commanding officer and about 70 men -killed. After passing the river, the troops advanced through large -corn-fields, crossed several deep ditches, and overcoming every -obstacle with an ardour which bespoke the valour and confidence -which glowed in every breast, the enemy's left wing was dismayed -and retreated towards Duleck. COY'S HORSE were amongst the -squadrons which galloped forward in pursuit, and charging the Irish -foot, cut them down with a great slaughter. While these events were -transpiring on the right, King William passed the river with the -main body of his forces: the enemy was overpowered at every point, -and His Majesty stood triumphant on the field of battle. King James -fled to Dublin, and afterwards to France, and was followed by the -French troops; but the Irish Papists resolved to maintain his cause -to the last extremity. - -COY'S HORSE advanced with King William to Dublin, and were -afterwards with the army before _Limerick_, during the unsuccessful -siege of that place, when His Majesty returned to England, the -regiment went into quarters near Cork. - -[Sidenote: 1691] - -In the depth of the winter an incursion into the enemy's -cantonments was resolved upon; and the regiment having joined -the forces selected for that service, advanced, on the 31st of -December, into the county of Kerry. On arriving near Brewsterfield, -the van-guard, consisting of a troop of this regiment and one of -Eppinger's Dragoons, encountered a party of 160 of the enemy's -cavalry. COY'S HORSE and the dragoons instantly drew their swords, -and advanced to charge their opponents, who fled in a panic. -Continuing its route, the detachment took a number of prisoners, -also drove seven troops of Irish horse and twenty-one of dragoons -from Tralee, and afterwards returned to its quarters. - -When the army took the field in the summer of 1691, COY'S HORSE -were left in dispersed quarters in the county of Cork to overawe -the disaffected, and to check the depredations of the bands of -Papists, whose proceedings were very injurious to the Protestants; -the regiment was, consequently, not at the battle of Aghrim, but it -afterwards joined the army near _Limerick_, and was employed in the -siege of that place. - -On the 16th of September, a squadron of the regiment, with a strong -party of dragoons and infantry, crossed the Shannon by a pontoon -bridge before break of day, surprised and defeated a body of the -enemy, and captured a standard; also surprised the troops in the -camp near the town, and forced them to make a precipitate flight -to the mountains. On the 24th of the same month, a cessation of -hostilities took place, which ended in a treaty, and the authority -of King James was extinguished in Ireland. - -[Sidenote: 1692] - -[Sidenote: 1693] - -The regiment, having thus performed its part in reducing Ireland to -submission to the authority of King William, embarked at Belfast -in the beginning of 1692, and after its arrival in England it -was quartered at Huntingdon, Chester, and St. Ives; from whence -it proceeded to the vicinity of London, and, for a short time, -assisted the Life Guards in performing the escort duty for the -royal family. It was, however, allowed but a short period of home -service before it was called upon to take the field against a -foreign enemy. - -King William was engaged in a war to restrain the ambitious designs -of Louis XIV. of France, who sought to become the dictator of -Europe and the destroyer of the reformed religion. After the severe -loss sustained by the confederates at the battle of Landen, in -1693, the British monarch gave orders for Colonel Coy to proceed -with his regiment of horse to the Netherlands, and to join the army -in that country. - -[Sidenote: 1694] - -On its arrival in Flanders, the regiment was placed in quarters at -Ghent; from whence it marched to Tirlemont, and, joining the army -commanded by King William in person, took part in the operations of -the long and toilsome campaign of 1694, but was not engaged in any -action of importance. - -[Sidenote: 1695] - -In the following year the regiment formed part of the covering army -during the siege of the strong and important fortress of _Namur_, -which was superintended by King William in person. Two magnificent -armies confronted each other, and manœuvred, the one to prevent, -and the other to ensure, the capture of this strong fortress; and -it was eventually taken by the forces commanded by His Britannic -Majesty. About a month after the surrender of the castle of Namur, -the regiment marched into quarters at Ghent. - -[Sidenote: 1696] - -King William reviewed the regiment near Ghent, in May, 1696, and -expressed his approbation of its appearance. During this summer -it formed part of the army of Flanders, under the orders of the -veteran Prince of Vaudemont, and was encamped for several months on -the canal between Ghent and Bruges, and its services were limited -to defensive measures for the preservation of these two places, and -the maritime towns of Flanders from the attacks of the enemy. On -the 4th of October, the regiment returned to its former station at -Ghent. - -[Sidenote: 1697] - -From Ghent the regiment marched in May, 1697, to join the army of -Brabant, and was encamped a short time at St. Quintin Linneck. -The French besieged the town of Aeth; and a body of troops was -sent out, under Brigadier-General Lumley, to make a reconnoissance -towards _Enghien_, with the view of attacking the French army -and raising the siege. A detachment of COY'S HORSE, commanded by -Sir William Russel, formed the advance-guard on this occasion; -and when on the march, he encountered a party of French hussars, -carabiniers, and dragoons. Upon notice of the approach of the -enemy, the main body of the British force concealed itself in the -wood, and formed an ambush; and the advance-guard retiring, the -French advanced boldly forward, and were nearly every man killed or -taken prisoner. - -The design of relieving Aeth was afterwards laid aside; King -William retired, and subsequently took up a position before -Brussels. - -Colonel John Coy having obtained His Majesty's permission to -dispose of the Colonelcy of the regiment to CHARLES EARL OF -ARRAN,[7] brother of the Duke of Ormond, his lordship was appointed -to the regiment on the 1st of July, 1697; and during the succeeding -five years it was styled ARRAN'S HORSE. - -King William, after waging war for the good of Europe a period of -nine years, had the satisfaction of seeing his endeavours succeeded -by a treaty of peace, which was signed at Ryswick in September of -this year. - -[Sidenote: 1698] - -Shortly after this event, ARRAN'S HORSE were ordered to return to -England, where they arrived in January, 1698, and were quartered at -Coventry, Daventry, and Towcester. - -[Sidenote: 1699] - -[Sidenote: 1700] - -The army in England having been reduced by the House of Commons to -the low establishment of seven thousand men, King William was under -the necessity of disbanding several corps, and of sending others to -Ireland. This regiment was one of the corps selected to proceed to -Ireland, where it arrived in the summer of 1700, and its numbers -were reduced to thirty-six private men per troop. - -[Sidenote: 1701] - -The repose granted to Europe by the treaty of Ryswick was, however, -of short duration. Louis XIV. of France, procured the accession -of his grandson, the Duke of Anjou, to the throne of Spain; this -virtual union of two powerful states, rekindled the flame of war; -and the EARL OF ARRAN'S regiment was one of the cavalry corps -ordered to be augmented to fifty-seven private men per troop, and -held in readiness to proceed on foreign service; but so great was -the difficulty experienced in raising an army of sufficient numbers -to meet the exigence of the nation on this sudden emergency, that -only three troops of the regiment could, in the first instance, be -spared from Ireland. - -[Sidenote: 1702] - -These three troops landed at Highlake, in Cheshire, in the -beginning of March, 1702, and marching to London, embarked in -transports on the river Thames in the beginning of April, and -sailed for Holland. - -The decease of King William, who might justly be styled the -protector of the reformed religion, and the accession of Queen -Anne, produced no alteration in the foreign policy of the -British court. The war was prosecuted with vigour, and the three -troops of ARRAN'S HORSE, forming one squadron, were attached to -Brigadier-General Wood's regiment (now Third Dragoon Guards), and -served the campaign of this year under the Earl of Marlborough. -The British horse, had, however no opportunity of signalizing -themselves in action this year; their services being limited to -out-post duty, and covering the sieges of _Venloo_, _Ruremonde_, -_Stevenswaert_, and the famous city of _Liege_, which fortresses -were captured by the British commander. - -[Sidenote: 1703] - -The Earl of Arran having been promoted to the Colonelcy of the -third troop of Life Guards, Queen Anne conferred the command -of the regiment on BRIGADIER-GENERAL CADOGAN (afterwards EARL -CADOGAN), from the Sixth, or Inniskilling Dragoons, by commission, -dated the 2d of March, 1703. - -The three troops of the regiment on foreign service, now bearing -the title of CADOGAN'S HORSE, continued to serve throughout the -campaign of this year with Brigadier-General Wood's regiment. -In a slight skirmish near _Haneff_, in the beginning of June, a -small detachment evinced the martial spirit and valour of British -troopers; and in the various movements of the army before the -enemy, the national character was fully sustained. The French -commanders avoided an engagement, and after covering the sieges of -_Huy_ and _Limburg_, CADOGAN'S HORSE went into quarters for the -winter in Holland. - -[Sidenote: 1704] - -In the beginning of the following year the other three troops of -the regiment were withdrawn from Ireland, and after occupying -quarters a short time at Northampton, embarked (4th April, 1704) -for Holland. - -The six troops were thus united in time for the whole regiment -to take part in the glorious exploits of the campaign of 1704, -in which that noble ardour and chivalric spirit which has raised -Britain to its present exalted station among the nations of -Europe, were displayed by the army under the Duke of Marlborough -in a signal manner. Confidence in the commander has always given -additional life and vigour to innate valour, and the troops having -already proved the military virtues of their leader, the great -Marlborough was enabled to march his forces from the ocean to the -Danube, and to gain new honours in the heart of Germany. - -This enterprise was undertaken in consequence of the armies of -France and Bavaria having united against the Emperor of Germany, -and the British general advanced to the aid of the house of -Austria, which was thus menaced by a force which it was unable to -withstand. Quitting the territory of the Dutch republic the army -crossed the Rhine, and traversed the various states of Germany with -a degree of order and regularity which bespoke a high state of -discipline, united with excellent arrangements, while the nations -of Europe gazed with astonishment at the undertaking. - -Having arrived at the theatre of war and joined the Imperial -army, the first action of importance was the attack of a body -of French and Bavarians commanded by the Count d'Arco, at their -entrenched camp on the lofty heights of _Schellenberg_, on the 2d -of July. On this occasion the cavalry supported the attacks of the -infantry, and when the enemy was forced from the entrenchments, the -brilliant charge of the English horse, and Royal Scots Dragoons -(the Greys) completed the overthrow; the hostile army lost its -colours, cannon, and baggage, and numbers of French and Bavarians -fell beneath the conquering sabres of the British horsemen, who -chased their adversaries to the banks of the Danube, and captured -many prisoners. CADOGAN'S HORSE were commanded on this occasion -by Lieutenant-Colonel George Kellum, and had Major Napier,[8] -Lieutenant Tettefall, and several private men wounded; and -sustained a serious loss in troop horses, from having been exposed -to a heavy cannonade: their Colonel, Brigadier-General Cadogan, was -also wounded. - -This action was the precursor of a greater overthrow to the forces -of the enemy, who made efforts to retrieve his affairs; new armies -and new generals appeared; but these only served to augment the -splendour of victory, and to enhance the value of the conquerors in -the estimation of the world. The action was fought in the valley of -the Danube, near the village of _Blenheim_, on the 13th of August, -and the English horsemen, who during the two preceding campaigns -had panted for an opportunity to signalize themselves, had a fair -field in which to display their valour and prowess, and they gave -undeniable proofs of their good qualities. The Gallo-Bavarian army -was destroyed; its commander, Marshal Tallard, and many entire -battalions and squadrons were made prisoners of war; and the field -of battle was literally covered with trophies. - -The victory was most complete and decisive, and it was not gained -over new levies; but over an army of veterans fully instructed in -the art of war,--select troops flushed with former successes, and -commanded by generals of great bravery and experience.[9] This -regiment had only one officer (Lieutenant Groubere) killed; its -loss in non-commissioned officers and private men has not been -recorded. - -The regiment took part in the subsequent operations of the main -army; and after covering the siege of _Laudan_, it marched back to -Holland for winter quarters. - -[Sidenote: 1705] - -In the following summer the regiment marched with the army -through the Duchy of Juliers, and crossed the Moselle and the -Saar, in order to carry on the war in Alsace; but the Duke of -Marlborough, being disappointed of the promised co-operation of the -Imperialists, marched back to the Netherlands. - -The French had, with much labour and art, constructed a line -of fortifications of many miles extent to cover their recently -acquired territory in the Spanish Netherlands, and CADOGAN'S HORSE -having been selected to form part of the division to be employed -in forcing these lines, had an opportunity of distinguishing -themselves, and their valour shone forth with as bright a lustre -as in any of the heroes in the ancient days of chivalry. The -British commander, having by skilful movements succeeded in -drawing the main body of the French army from the point selected -for the attack, forced the lines at _Helixem_ and _Neer-Hespen_ -at day-break on the morning of the 18th of July, and the pioneers -levelled a space for the cavalry to pass over; but scarcely had -the British horse passed the barriers, when the Marquis d'Allegre -appeared with fifty squadrons of cavalry and twenty battalions of -infantry to drive back the British forces. The sun had risen, and -the French army was in full march to oppose this sudden attack on -their lines; hence every moment was of importance, and a sharp fire -of musketry having forced the enemy from a hollow way, the Duke of -Marlborough ordered forward his heavy cavalry to charge the hostile -horsemen. The two squadrons of this regiment led the attack with -their characteristic gallantry, and were opposed to adversaries of -valour and renown,--the famous Bavarian Horse Grenadier Guards. -Against these celebrated antagonists CADOGAN'S HORSE advanced; -the weight and power of their compact line were irresistible, -and the Bavarians were broken at the first shock; but they soon -rallied, and renewing the conflict with increasing ardour, gained -a temporary advantage. At this critical juncture the Duke of -Marlborough was separated from his troops and in imminent danger, -when CADOGAN'S HORSE, exasperated at the momentary repulse, and -still more so at the peril of their renowned chief, returned to the -charge; the grand spectacle of two spirited corps of heavy cavalry -rushing upon each other with reckless fury, was soon followed by -the clash of swords and shouts of the combatants as they fought -hand to hand with sanguinary fury; but British prowess and British -valour soon proved triumphant, and the Bavarians were overpowered -and fled before the conquering sabres of CADOGAN'S troopers, who -chased their adversaries from the field, took many prisoners, and -captured _four standards_. In their flight the hostile horsemen -rode over two battalions of their own foot, and these battalions -were severely handled by the British horse. Finally, the enemy was -routed; the Marquis d'Allegre, and many officers and men were made -prisoners, and this gallant enterprise was attended with complete -success. - -On this occasion the regiment, which forms the subject of this -memoir, gained great honour; the Duke of Marlborough observed in -one of his letters,--"_Never men fought better!_" and in his public -despatch he states, "_They acquitted themselves with a bravery -surpassing all that could have been hoped of them_." The author -of the Annals of Queen Anne observed:--"All the troops of the -confederates behaved themselves with great bravery and resolution; -but among the HORSE the regiment of Brigadier CADOGAN distinguished -themselves, having had the honour to charge first, which they did -with that success, that they defeated four squadrons of Bavarian -Guards, drove them through two battalions of their own foot, and -took four standards; and this with the loss only of Lieutenant -Austin and some few men killed." - -The following description of the standards captured on this -occasion is copied from the London Gazette. - -"Nine standards of blue satin, richly embroidered with the Bavarian -arms; six belonging to the Elector's own troops, and three to those -of Cologne, having the following devices and mottoes." - -1st. A laurel; motto, _Aut Coronari aut rumpi_. - -2d. An olive-tree on a rock; motto, _Per Ardua Laurus_. - -3d. A pillar reaching to the clouds; motto, _Tantum Umbra movetur_. - -4th. A bear rampant; motto, _Ex Vulnere Crudelior_. - -5th. A dove with a laurel branch; motto, _Uni servo fidem_. - -6th. A chaos; motto, _Obstantia firmant_. - -7th. A helmet with a feather on a pedestal; motto, _Ex duris -Gloria_. - -8th. An olive-tree shading serpents; motto, _Nocet Umbra nocenti_. - -9th. A standard of the Elector's guards with the colour torn to -pieces. - -Four of these standards were taken by CADOGAN'S HORSE; the corps -which captured the other five standards are not specified. - -[Illustration: Brigadier-General Cadogan's Horse forcing the French -Lines, 18th July, 1705:-- - -NOW FIFTH (THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S) REGIMENT OF DRAGOON -GUARDS.] - -[Sidenote: 1706] - -After this victory the regiment was employed in several manœuvres; -but it was not engaged in any action of importance until the -battle of _Ramilies_, fought on Whit-Sunday, the 23d of May, -1706, when the French, Bavarians, and Spaniards, commanded by -Marshal Villeroy and the Elector of Bavaria, sustained another -decisive overthrow, and CADOGAN'S HORSE acquired new laurels -in the contest. On this occasion the English cavalry were kept -in reserve near the heights of Foulz until towards the close of -the action, when they were brought forward, and the weight and -fury of the charge of these heavy horsemen were irresistible; the -enemy's squadrons and battalions were broken; and the British -troopers,--strong men on powerful horses,--smote their antagonists -to the ground with a dreadful slaughter. The victorious squadrons -pursued their adversaries throughout the night, capturing officers -and soldiers, colours, standards, and cannon; and thus, in a few -hours, the French monarch's fine and well-appointed army was -nearly annihilated, and its commanders escaped from the field with -difficulty. - -This glorious victory was followed by the submission of a great -part of Spanish Brabant and Flanders to the house of Austria; and -in a few days after the battle, this regiment was selected to form -part of a detachment commanded by its Colonel, Brigadier-General -Cadogan, sent from the main army, to summon _Antwerp_, which place -was surrendered on the 7th of June. - -The regiment was subsequently employed in the blockade of -_Dendermond_, and continued before that town until its surrender on -the 5th of September. - -[Sidenote: 1707] - -During the campaigns from 1702 to 1706 the British regiments of -horse had not worn cuirasses. In the preceding century armour had, -as already stated, fallen, to a great extent, into disuse; several -English regiments of heavy cavalry delivered their cuirasses into -the Tower of London in November, 1688; but subsequently had them -returned: they were, however, again placed in store after the peace -of Ryswick. The French and other continental nations had continued -the use of defensive armour, and it having been observed that the -English heavy cavalry, though they proved victorious, frequently -sustained a very serious loss in killed, they were, in order to -place them on an equality with their antagonists, again supplied -with cuirasses in the spring of 1707. - -In the summer of this year, when the regiment took the field, it -again appeared as a corps of CUIRASSIERS: the campaign was passed -in manœuvring; and the French acting on the defensive, a few -skirmishes between detached parties was all the fighting which took -place. - -[Sidenote: 1708] - -The following campaign was, however, distinguished by more -important events. The enemy assembled an immense army, and -advancing from behind their lines, gained possession of Ghent -and Bruges (which places had been wrested from them in 1706), -and advanced to _Oudenarde_, with the design of besieging that -town. The Duke of Marlborough sent Major-General Cadogan forward -with three brigades of infantry and eight squadrons of Hanoverian -cavalry, and following with the main army, this movement brought on -a general engagement, which was fought in the ground near the banks -of the Scheldt on the 11th of July. The reputation already acquired -by the British regiments of horse, occasioned them to be accounted -a choice body of troops; and they were kept in reserve ready to -advance at the moment when a powerful charge of heavy cavalry was -likely to prove decisive. For a short time they were formed in -column behind the right wing; and advancing from thence, supported -the attacks of the infantry; but the enemy was overpowered, and -darkness put an end to the conflict before this compact body of -CUIRASSIERS was called upon to charge. - -After this victory, the Duke of Marlborough was joined by a body -of Germans, under the orders of Prince Eugene of Savoy, and, to -the astonishment of all Europe, these two commanders resolved to -besiege the important fortress of _Lisle_. CADOGAN'S CUIRASSIERS -formed part of the covering army, and the attempts of the enemy to -raise the siege were all frustrated. - -Six hundred waggons, laden with necessaries for the army, were -advancing from Ostend towards Lisle, under an escort commanded -by Major-General Webb; and the enemy having detached twenty-two -thousand men to intercept this convoy, the Duke of Marlborough sent -Major-General Cadogan with a body of horse to reinforce the guard, -and this regiment formed part of the force sent forward. The enemy -attacked the convoy in the wood of _Wynendale_, and Major-General -Webb made a most skilful and gallant defence. As this regiment -approached the wood, the noise of combat was heard; the squadrons -galloped forward, and the moment they arrived at the scene of -conflict, the French desisted, and made a precipitate retreat; and -the waggons were brought in safety to the camp. The fate of Lisle -depended, in a great measure, on the safe arrival of this convoy; -and Major-General Webb was rewarded with the thanks of Parliament -and the approbation of Queen Anne for his conduct. - -The siege of _Lisle_ was continued, and the enemy being unable to -relieve the place, resolved to make an attack upon Brussels. The -covering army, of which CADOGAN'S CUIRASSIERS formed part, was put -in motion; and having forced the passage of the _Scheldt_, the -Elector of Bavaria raised the siege of Brussels and retreated. The -citadel of Lisle surrendered on the 9th of December, and Ghent and -Bruges were also recaptured before the army entered into winter -quarters. - -[Sidenote: 1709] - -In the summer of 1709, when the siege of the strong fortress of -_Tournay_ was resolved upon, this was one of the regiments which -first invested the town on the 27th of June, 1709. After the -capture of this place, the army advanced towards Mons, the capital -of the province of Hainault, with the design of capturing that -important city. The French army, commanded by Marshals Villiers -and Boufflers, manœuvred to prevent the loss of Mons, and this -brought on the sanguinary battle of _Malplaquet_, where the British -regiments of horse encountered enemies who fought with greater -spirit and obstinacy than on any former occasion during this war. -This battle was fought on the 11th of September, 1709. The enemy -had an advantageous position, covered by thick woods, protected -by barriers of trees cut down and laid across each other, with a -treble entrenchment, batteries, and pallisades; and within these -formidable works were collected the choicest troops of France under -commanders of renown. This post was attacked with a bravery which -overcame all opposition; the woods were pierced, the obstacles -were overcome, and the fortifications were trampled down. The -position having been forced, the Duke of Marlborough led the -British CUIRASSIERS and Prussian cavalry against the French gens -d'armes, who were routed and chased from the ground; but scarcely -were these squadrons overcome, when the British and Prussian -horse encountered a compact line of French cavalry of the royal -household, and were driven back in some disorder. The British -horse soon rallied, and returning to the charge, overcame their -celebrated adversaries, and the French squadrons were driven from -the field. The allies were victorious, but they sustained a severe -loss in killed and wounded. - -CADOGAN'S HORSE were afterwards employed in covering the siege of -_Mons_, which was terminated by the surrender of the place on the -20th of October. - -[Sidenote: 1710] - -During the campaign of 1710, the regiment was employed in covering -the sieges of _Douay_, _Bethune_, _Aire_, and _St. Venant_, and in -protecting convoys of military stores to the besieging troops. - -[Sidenote: 1711] - -In the summer of 1711, the imperialists, under Prince Eugene, -having returned to Germany, the Duke of Marlborough confronted -the French army with the forces under his orders. The French had -constructed very extensive and strong lines of fortifications to -cover their frontiers, and within these lines they had collected -a numerous army. The Duke, by a skilful device, induced them -to destroy their fort at Arleux; and then, by menacing their -lines between the head of the Sanzet and Hesdin, caused them to -withdraw part of their garrisons from Arras and Cambray, with the -troops which guarded the lines in the direction of Arleux. In the -mean time his grace was continually sending detachments towards -Douay, where a considerable body of troops was assembled without -attracting notice, and amongst these forces were the two squadrons -of CADOGAN'S CUIRASSIERS. Having reconnoitred the lines on the -4th of August, the Duke gave orders for the troops to prepare -for the attack on the following morning, and the French army -prepared to receive him with eclat; but at the dead of the night, -Lieutenant-General Cadogan, having advanced with great secrecy -with the troops from Douay, passed the lines at the causeway of -_Arleux_, which the French commander, in his anxiety to collect -all the troops he could to resist the menaced attack, had left -unguarded; and the main army struck its tents in the night, and -marched in the same direction. When Marshal Villiers heard that his -lines were passed, he was astounded. He took with him the household -cavalry, and, ordering his army to follow as quickly as possible, -rode with all speed, until he came within the English out-guards, -and his feelings were so excited, that he was nearly surrounded -by a troop of CADOGAN'S HORSE before he was conscious of danger; -he had proceeded with such rapidity that the whole of his escort, -except a hundred of the best mounted dragoons, was left behind; he -ordered these dragoons to throw themselves into the old castle of -Oisy, which was at hand, and himself and two officers of his staff -escaped; but the dragoons were surrounded and made prisoners. - -Having thus passed these extensive lines, which the French -commander had vauntingly called Marlborough's _ne plus ultra_, his -grace besieged the strong and important fortress of _Bouchain_, -situate on the Scheldt, in the taking of which place, difficulties -of great magnitude had to be overcome. Marshal Villiers, by a -secret march, during the night of the 9th of August, gained -possession of the heights of _Wavrechin_, in order to preserve the -line of communication which runs from thence, through a morass -between the Scheldt and the Senset, to the town of Bouchain, that -he might be enabled to relieve the garrison from time to time. -The Duke of Marlborough, observing the enemy at work, throwing up -entrenchments on the hill, ordered Lieutenant-Generals Cadogan and -Fagel to march with a body of troops, of which CADOGAN'S HORSE -formed part, to dislodge the French. As the British grenadiers -advanced to the attack, his grace rode forwards to reconnoitre -the works on the hill; and observing that the entrenchment was a -perfect bulwark, strong and lofty, and crouded with men and cannon, -he gave orders for the troops to retire. - -On the following day Marshal Villiers issued from the works with -a hundred hussars, to observe the progress of his opponent, and -encountered Lieutenant-General Cadogan, who was reconnoitering -with a squadron of horse. A skirmish ensued, and four squadrons of -French carabineers advanced to aid the marshal. Cadogan, being -thus out-numbered, made a precipitate retreat, which occasioned -the enemy to pursue with great eagerness. Meanwhile, CADOGAN'S -HORSE and two other squadrons, advanced from the camp, and formed -up beyond the summit of a rising ground, where they were out of -the enemy's sight; and the moment the French carabineers appeared -on the top of the hill, they were charged by Cadogan's squadrons -with such resolution, that they were immediately broken. Marshal -Villiers was in danger of being surrounded and taken prisoner, but -a French brigadier-general interposed, with singular bravery, and -rescued the marshal. The gallant brigadier was severely wounded -and taken prisoner, and most of his men cut down by the British -CUIRASSIERS; and Marshal Villiers galloped back with his shattered -squadrons with greater haste than he had advanced. - -Fortifications were afterwards constructed, with a causeway through -the inundations, and the communication between the town of Bouchain -and the troops on the heights of Wavrechin was cut off. The siege -was prosecuted with zeal and energy, and Marshal Villiers and -a numerous French army were spectators of the capture of this -important fortress. After the works were repaired and the place put -in a state of defence, the troops were placed in winter quarters. - -The splendid successes of the army commanded by the Duke of -Marlborough, who never fought a battle which he did not win, nor -besieged a town which he did not capture, had effected a complete -revolution in the affairs of Europe, and the King of France saw his -generals over-matched,--his armies beaten and dispirited,--his -possessions wrested from him,--the barriers of his kingdom trampled -down,--his fortresses captured, and a powerful army, with an -invincible leader, ready to carry all the horrors of war into the -heart of France: with his designs thus frustrated, and his kingdom -thus menaced, the ambitious Louis XIV., who had thought to have -dictated laws to christendom, became a negociator for peace. - -[Sidenote: 1712] - -In the summer of 1712, while the conditions of the treaty were -under consideration, the regiment again took the field, and, -advancing to the frontiers of France, formed part of the army under -the orders of the Duke of Ormond, and encamped at Cateau-Cambresis -during the siege of _Quesnoy_. - -A suspension of hostilities was soon afterwards published between -the British and French, and the army retired from Cateau-Cambresis -to Ghent, where the English CUIRASSIERS and several other corps -were encamped for a short time, and afterwards were placed in -quarters. - -Political events connected with the amity which had been induced -between the British and French courts, in consequence of a change -of measures; the conditions of the treaty of peace then under -consideration; and the disagreement between the Duke of Marlborough -and Queen Anne; occasioned Lieutenant-General Cadogan, who was a -stanch Protestant and a warm advocate for the succession of the -house of Hanover, to be called upon to dispose of his commission; -and he was succeeded in the Colonelcy of this regiment by -Lieutenant-General GEORGE KELLUM, who had been many years the -Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment, and whose commission as Colonel -was dated 22nd of December, 1712. - -[Sidenote: 1713] - -[Sidenote: 1714] - -The regiment, now styled KELLUM'S HORSE, was placed upon the -Irish establishment in June, 1713; but it remained in comfortable -quarters in Flanders until the early part of the year 1714, when it -embarked for Ireland. The treaty of peace having been concluded, -the troopers of this regiment could look back with triumph and -exultation at their brilliant career during the late eventful and -important war; and although there were circumstances connected -with the conduct of their government calculated to produce painful -feelings, yet, conscious of their own merit and justly acquired -fame, the officers and soldiers could rejoice that, by their -well-directed exertions, they had humbled the enemies of their -country, the British troops had become celebrated for valour and -intrepidity throughout Europe, and that the turmoil and horrors of -war were succeeded by the blessings and enjoyments of peace. - -[Sidenote: 1715] - -[Sidenote: 1716] - -After its arrival in Ireland, the regiment was stationed for a -short time at Dublin; and having been thus removed from the scenes -of conflict and bloodshed in which it had for several years been -engaged, to the more pacific and easy duties of home service, the -CUIRASSES were again returned into store. Ireland was not, however, -in a state of internal tranquillity; the decease of Queen Anne and -the accession of King George I. were followed by great exertions on -the part of the friends of the house of Stuart, who were numerous -in Ireland; and when the rebellion broke out in Scotland in 1715, -and extended itself to England, this event gave buoyancy to the -expectations of the malcontents in Ireland. The troops in Ireland -were kept in a state of constant readiness for active service; -several corps embarked for England, and the fidelity of the ARMY -preserved the kingdom from anarchy and papal domination; by the -exertions of the troops the rebellion was suppressed, and the -country restored to tranquillity. - -[Sidenote: 1717] - -In the spring of 1717, Lieutenant-General George Kellum retired -from the service, and King George I. was graciously pleased to -confer the Colonelcy on the Lieutenant-Colonel, ROBERT NAPIER, -who was celebrated for his conduct at the head of the regiment in -several actions in the Netherlands, and was wounded in the action -at Schellenberg. - -About this period, the distinguishing colour, or facing of the -regiment, was changed from _buff_ to _green_, and it has continued -of this colour to the present time (1838); its lace was also -changed from _silver_ to _gold_. The men having _green_ waistcoats, -breeches, and horse furniture, the regiment was emphatically styled -the GREEN HORSE, and this appellation has been continued to the -present time. - -[Sidenote: 1718] - -[Sidenote: 1740] - -The regiment remained in Ireland performing a successive routine -of court and country duties, at the establishment of twenty-five -private men per troop, until 1740, when an augmentation of ten men -per troop was made to its numbers. - -After the decease of Lieutenant-General Robert Napier, King George -II. conferred the Colonelcy of the regiment on Major-General -Clement Neville, from the Eighth Dragoons, his commission bearing -date the 6th of May, 1740. - -[Sidenote: 1741] - -[Sidenote: 1742] - -[Sidenote: 1743] - -[Sidenote: 1744] - -Another war having broken out on the continent, the establishment -of the regiment received a further addition of ten men per troop -in 1741. In the following year a British army was sent to Flanders -under Field-Marshal the Earl of Stair; but the necessity for -retaining a considerable body of troops in Ireland, occasioned this -regiment to remain in that country. It, however, sent a detachment -of sixty men and horses to Flanders in the beginning of 1743, to -complete the three regiments of horse on foreign service, and -another detachment was sent in 1744. - -[Sidenote: 1745] - -Lieutenant-General Neville died on the 5th of August, 1744, and -was succeeded in the Colonelcy of the regiment by Richard Viscount -Cobham, who, when Sir Richard Temple, highly distinguished himself -in the wars of Queen Anne. He was removed in 1745 to the Tenth -Dragoons, when His Majesty conferred the command of this regiment -on Major-General Thomas Wentworth, from the Twenty-fourth Foot. - -[Sidenote: 1746] - -When this regiment was first raised, it ranked as SEVENTH HORSE; -in 1690, the Fifth regiment of Horse was disbanded in Ireland, -and the Sixth Horse became Fifth, and this regiment obtained rank -as SIXTH HORSE, which rank it held until December, 1746, when the -First Horse,--the royal regiment of Horse Guards,--ceased to bear -a number: the Second, Third, and Fourth Horse were then constituted -the First, Second, and Third Dragoon Guards; and this regiment was -styled the SECOND IRISH HORSE, and sometimes called the GREEN HORSE -from the colour of its facings. - -[Sidenote: 1747] - -In 1747, Major-General Thomas Wentworth died at Turin, where he -was employed in a diplomatic capacity, and was succeeded in the -Colonelcy of the SECOND IRISH HORSE, by Major-General Thomas Bligh, -from the Twelfth Dragoons. - -[Sidenote: 1748] - -[Sidenote: 1749] - -On the conclusion of a treaty of peace at Aix-la-Chapelle, a -considerable diminution was made in the strength of the regular -army, and in 1749 the establishment of the SECOND IRISH HORSE was -reduced to twenty-one private men per troop. - -[Sidenote: 1751] - -From the period of the formation of the regiment, several -alterations had, from time to time, been made in the uniform and -standards. The practice of having a standard to each troop had -been discontinued, and one to each squadron was substituted. In -1742, King George II. caused a series of coloured engravings, -representing the uniform of the several regiments of the army to -be executed; and, as a few alterations had subsequently been made, -a warrant was issued on the 1st of July, 1751, regulating the -standards, colours, and clothing of the several regiments, from -which the following particulars have been extracted relative to the -SECOND IRISH HORSE:-- - -COATS.--Scarlet, the facings and lapels of full green; the -button-holes worked with yellow, the buttons set on two and two; -and a long slash pocket in each skirt. - - WAISTCOATS} - } full green. - BREECHES } - -HATS.--Three-cornered cocked-hats, bound with yellow lace, and -ornamented with a brass loop and a black cockade. - -BOOTS.--Made of jacked leather. - -TRUMPETERS.--Clothed in full green coats, faced and lapelled with -red, and ornamented with white lace, having a red stripe down the -middle: their waistcoats and breeches of red cloth. - -HORSE FURNITURE of full green; the holster caps and housings having -a border of broad white lace with a red worm down the centre, and -II/H embroidered on a red ground, within a wreath of roses and -thistles on each corner of the housings; and on the holster caps, -the King's cypher and crown, with II/H underneath. - -STANDARDS.--The first, or King's standard, to be of crimson damask, -embroidered and fringed with gold; the rose and thistle conjoined, -and crown over them in the centre; and underneath, His Majesty's -motto, _Dieu et mon droit_: the white horse in a compartment in -the first and fourth corners, and II/H in gold characters, on -a full green ground, in a compartment in the second and third -corners. The second and third standards to be of full green damask, -embroidered and fringed with gold; the rank of the regiment in gold -Roman characters on a crimson ground, within a wreath of roses -and thistles on the same stalk, and the motto, _Vestigia nulla -retrorsum_, underneath: the white horse on a red ground in the -first and fourth compartments, and the rose and thistle conjoined -upon a red ground in the second and third compartments. - -OFFICERS to be distinguished by narrow gold lace or embroidery to -the binding and button-holes of their coats; sword knots of crimson -and gold in stripes; and crimson silk sashes worn over the left -shoulder. - -[Sidenote: 1758] - -[Sidenote: 1759] - -[Sidenote: 1760] - -On the 23d of October, 1758, Lieutenant-General Bligh was succeeded -in the Colonelcy of the regiment by Major-General the Honourable -John Waldegrave (afterwards Earl Waldegrave), who was removed to -the Second Dragoon Guards in the following year. The Colonelcy -appears to have remained vacant from September, 1759, to November, -1760, when it was conferred by King George III. on Major-General -the Honourable John Fitz-William from the Second, or Queen's Royal -Regiment of Foot. - -[Sidenote: 1762] - -Another war having commenced in 1756, between Great Britain -and France, a British army was sent to Germany in 1758; the -establishment of this regiment was augmented to forty-nine private -men per troop; and in 1762 the order prohibiting the regiment -recruiting in Ireland was rescinded. - -[Sidenote: 1763] - -The success of the British arms in Canada, the West Indies, and -Germany, was followed by a treaty of peace, and after the return -of the cavalry regiments from Germany, in the beginning of 1763, -the establishment of the SECOND IRISH HORSE was again reduced to -twenty-one private men per troop. - -[Sidenote: 1776] - -[Sidenote: 1783] - -At this low establishment the regiment continued until the breaking -out of the unfortunate contest between Great Britain and her -North American colonies, when an augmentation of ten private men -per troop was made to its numbers. No further alteration appears -to have been made until the conclusion of the war, when, the -independence of the United States having been acknowledged, its -establishment was reduced to its former numbers. - -[Sidenote: 1788] - -At this establishment it continued until the spring of 1788; -when King George III., having resolved to form the two troops -of Life Guards and two troops of Horse Grenadier Guards into -two regiments of Life Guards on a similar establishment to that -of the old regiments of horse, and to reduce the four regiments -of horse on the Irish establishment to the pay of dragoons, -with the title of DRAGOON GUARDS, His Majesty's pleasure was -communicated to the regiments in Ireland, in a General Order -dated the 14th of February, 1788; and the SECOND IRISH HORSE was -thus constituted the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS. In consequence of the -regiment being placed upon a decreased rate of pay, compensation -was given to the officers; to the colonel 150_l._ per year; to the -lieutenant-colonel a gratuity of 575_l._; to the major 525_l._; -captains, each, 475_l._; captain-lieutenant and lieutenants, each, -350_l._; and the cornets, each, 250_l._ Every private man had the -option of his discharge, or a bounty of two guineas if he continued -to serve. - -Several alterations were made in the uniform of the regiment. The -officers were directed to wear an epaulette on each shoulder. The -flask-string was removed from the pouch belt, and the width of the -belts reduced from four inches and a half to three inches; and the -equipment was assimilated, in every particular, to that of the -regiments of dragoons. - -The establishment was fixed at one colonel and captain, one -lieutenant-colonel and captain, one major and captain, three -captains, six lieutenants, six cornets, one chaplain, one adjutant, -one surgeon, six troop quarter-masters, six serjeants, twelve -corporals, six trumpeters, one hundred and fourteen private men, -and six dismounted men. The several alterations having been -completed, the change of establishment took place on the 1st of -April, 1788, and from this date the regiment has borne the title of -FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS; but the appellation of GREEN HORSE has never -been entirely discontinued. - -[Sidenote: 1789] - -[Sidenote: 1790] - -In the following year, the regiment lost its colonel, General -the Honourable John Fitz-William, who was succeeded on the 27th -of August, 1789, by Lieutenant-General John Douglas, from the -Fourteenth Foot. Lieutenant-General Douglas died on the 10th of -November, 1790, and was succeeded by Major-General Thomas Bland, -from the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the Seventh Dragoons. - -[Sidenote: 1793] - -After passing a period of nearly eighty years in Ireland, the -regiment, having previously had a considerable augmentation made -to its numbers, was ordered to hold itself in readiness for -foreign service. This event was occasioned by the revolution -which had taken place in France, where a party of republicans had -seized the reins of government, had imprisoned the royal family, -and had brought their sovereign to the scaffold; a proceeding -which disorganized the state of society in one of the most -civilized parts of the world,--gave rise to the formation of a -new dynasty,--removed the basis on which the sovereign power -was established,--and involved the great European states in a -succession of destructive wars for a period of more than twenty -years. Great Britain joined the confederacy against the regicide -government of France, and sent, in the spring of 1793, a body of -troops to the Netherlands, under the command of His Royal Highness -the Duke of York. At the close of the summer, reinforcements were -sent to Flanders, and on the 18th and 19th of September, the FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS embarked at Dublin for the same destination. - -[Sidenote: 1794] - -After occupying winter quarters in Flanders, the regiment took -the field under the orders of Lieutenant-Colonel the Honourable -R. Taylor, and entered on a scene of action in a part of Europe -where it had, nearly a century before, acquired numerous honours -under the great MARLBOROUGH, and its conduct did not derogate from -its ancient reputation. It was first employed in the attack of the -enemy's post at _Prêmont_, on the 17th of April, 1794, but was not -called upon to charge; and it subsequently formed part of the -covering army during the siege of _Landrécies_. - -While this siege was in progress, the British troops, under the -Duke of York, were encamped at _Cateau_. On the morning of the -26th of April, which was gloomy and dark, and a thick mist covered -the face of nature, the advance of an hostile force was heard, but -its movements could not be discerned. At length, the rays of the -sun revealed the movements of a French force of thirty thousand -men, under Lieutenant-General Chapuy; and a body of cavalry, of -which the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS formed part, was detached, under -Lieutenant-General Otto, against the enemy's left flank, while -a sharp attack was made on the enemy's front. This movement was -conducted with great caution, the enemy's flank was turned, the -trumpets sounded a charge, and the British horsemen rushed with -irresistible fury upon the ranks of the hostile legions. The French -were overthrown and defeated; their commander, Lieutenant-General -Chapuy, a number of officers and men, and thirty-five pieces of -cannon were captured, and their flying divisions were pursued -with immense slaughter to the gates of Cambray. The Duke of York -passed the highest commendations on the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS and -other troops detached against the enemy's left flank, and declared -they had "_all acquired immortal honour to themselves_." His Royal -Highness further stated, "_the conduct of the British cavalry was -beyond all praise_." The loss of the regiment on this occasion -was nine men and twenty-three horses killed; one officer, one -quarter-master, eight men and nine horses, wounded; four men and -twenty-three horses missing. - -After the surrender of Landrécies, the British forces took up a -position in front of _Tournay_, where they repulsed an attack of -the enemy on the 10th of May. During the action, a favourable -opportunity presented itself for attacking the enemy's right flank; -Lieutenant-General Harcourt was detached with sixteen squadrons of -British and two of Austrian cavalry, and attacked the enemy with -so much resolution and intrepidity, that they immediately began -their retreat, in the course of which they were soon broken, and -they sustained great loss, including thirteen pieces of cannon, and -above four hundred officers and men taken prisoners. - -A combined attack was made on the French positions on the 17th of -May, but failed from some of the columns not arriving in time at -the posts allotted to them. - -On the 22nd of May, the French attacked the British position in -front of _Tournay_ with an immense force. The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS -were formed up ready for action on their camp ground all the day; -but the French did not attack that part of the line; and they were -repulsed in their attempts in the other parts of the field. - -At length, the defeat of the Austrians having rendered the position -occupied by the British in front of Tournay no longer tenable, the -troops were withdrawn, and the campaign degenerated into a series -of retreats, which were ably conducted under numerous difficulties. - -[Sidenote: 1795] - -During this short but eventful campaign the British troops had -maintained their ancient reputation; but the army was not of -sufficient numbers to cope with the enormous masses of the enemy, -which darkened the land like a gloomy tempest. In the retreat -through Holland, and in the distresses and privations of the winter -campaign amidst snow and ice, the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS took part, -and in the early part of 1795 they arrived in Germany. - -The regiment remained in Germany during the following summer, -and encamped in one of the plains of the Duchy of Bremen, under -the orders of Major-General Sir David Dundas; and in November it -embarked for England. - -[Sidenote: 1796] - -In October, 1796, the regiment proceeded to Ireland, which country -was in a state bordering on open rebellion. The malcontents had -entered into arrangements with the republican government of France, -and a French armament was prepared, under the orders of General -Hoche, to assist the Irish Roman Catholics in effecting their -separation from England, and in forming themselves into a republic. -On the 24th of December the French fleet appeared in Bantry Bay; -and the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS were despatched by forced marches to -oppose the landing of the enemy. The French fleet was, however, -partly dispersed by a storm, and the remainder returned to France -without attempting to land. - -[Sidenote: 1797] - -In 1797 the regiment was encamped, with several other -corps, on the Curragh of Kildare, and was there reviewed by -Lieutenant-General Sir David Dundas, who expressed, in orders, his -approbation of its discipline and appearance. Its establishment at -this period was seven hundred officers and men. - -[Sidenote: 1798] - -The disaffection which had so long prevailed among the Roman -Catholics in Ireland, had continued to acquire additional rancour -and vehemence, and the passions of the misguided peasantry having -been wrought, by wicked demagogues, into fury and madness, they -neglected the affairs of civil life, provided themselves with -arms, and broke out into open rebellion in the summer of 1798. -The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS were on Dublin duty at the time, and -were so distinguished for loyalty and steady conduct that the -Lord-Lieutenant committed to the regiment the military charge of -the capital. - -One squadron under the command of Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel -Sherlock was detached from Dublin into the counties of Wicklow -and Wexford, and was engaged in the action at _Arklow_ on the 9th -of June, when thirty thousand insurgents, headed by their priests -in clerical vestments, attacked the town with great fury, but -were repulsed with the loss of an immense number of men. From the -circumstance of there being no force of any consequence to prevent -the rebels marching upon the capital, this was an action of the -greatest importance, and was most obstinately contested. - -The same squadron was afterwards instrumental in relieving the -loyalists in the town of _Ballycarnen_, where they were besieged by -the rebels, and had only a small party of militia to assist in the -defence of the place. The cavalry advanced with great bravery, and -was assailed by a sharp fire from behind the fences, and a barrier -of carts and other vehicles formed across the road, which it was -found impossible to force by cavalry alone, and the troops retired -until a body of infantry arrived; when the whole advanced,--routed -the rebels, and pursued them with great slaughter. - -Lieutenant-Colonel Sherlock was afterwards engaged with the -squadron of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS under his orders, at _Gorey_, -and charged the rebels several times with success. - -The same squadron was also engaged in the action at _Vinegar -Hill_,--the stronghold of the rebels, where the most inhuman -tragedies had been committed on hundreds of Protestants. This post -was attacked on the 21st of June, and the insurgents were routed -with great slaughter and many prisoners were captured. The squadron -of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS charged and pursued the rebels, and -took many prisoners. It afterwards overtook an insurgent corps near -a place called _White Hills_, where, after a sharp contest, the -rebels were routed, and they fled in all directions. - -While these events were transpiring, another detachment of the -regiment was employed in the county of Kildare, and had several -skirmishes with bands of insurgents. - -A patrole of the regiment, commanded by Captain Pack, proceeding -towards _Prosperous_, encountered one hundred rebels well mounted -and equipped; the Dragoon Guards instantly charged with signal -valour and intrepidity, routed their adversaries at the first -shock, killed twenty on the spot, and captured eight horses. - -When the rebellion was nearly suppressed, the French endeavoured -to revive the contest by sending General Humbert with about a -thousand men, who landed at Killala on the 22d of August. The FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS marched from Dublin to oppose the combined rebel and -French forces, and were attached to the column under the Marquis -of Cornwallis's command. The action at _Ballinamuck_ on the 8th of -September followed; the French surrendered themselves prisoners -of war, and the insurgents were dispersed. After the action, the -Marquis of Cornwallis selected a squadron of the FIFTH DRAGOON -GUARDS, commanded by Captain (afterwards Sir William) Ponsonby, to -escort him on his return to Dublin. - -[Sidenote: 1799] - -The rebellion in Ireland having been suppressed, the FIFTH DRAGOON -GUARDS were embarked in 1799, in order to join the expedition to -Holland, commanded by His Royal Highness the Duke of York; but the -order for their proceeding on this service was countermanded, and -after disembarking at Liverpool, they marched into quarters in -Herefordshire and Gloucestershire. - -[Sidenote: 1802] - -[Sidenote: 1803] - -After the conclusion of the Treaty of Amiens, a reduction of two -troops was made in the establishment; but on the breaking out of -the war in 1803, the army was again augmented, and an addition of -two troops was again made to the strength of the regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1804] - -In the following year King George III. was pleased to confer upon -the regiment the distinguished title of THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE -OF WALES'S REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS, in honour of Her Royal -Highness the Princess Charlotte Carolina Augusta, daughter of -George William Frederick Prince of Wales (afterwards George IV.), -by Carolina Amelia Elizabeth, second daughter of the Duke of -Brunswick Wolfenbuttel. The Princess Charlotte of Wales exhibited -in her early life a most amiable disposition with excellent traits -of character, and, being considered as the future sovereign of -Great Britain, the nation saw in her qualities calculated to adorn -the throne, and to make a great and civilized people happy; hence, -the conferring of Her Royal Highness's title on the regiment, was -considered a special mark of His Majesty's favour and approbation. - -[Sidenote: 1805] - -[Sidenote: 1808] - -The regiment proceeded to Ireland in 1805, and remained in that -country until the summer of 1808, when it returned to England. - -[Sidenote: 1811] - -On the 8th of July, 1811, His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, -who was Regent of the United Kingdom during the indisposition -of King George III., reviewed the regiment on Wimbledon common, -on which occasion it was commanded by its Colonel, the veteran -General Thomas Bland, and the Prince Regent was graciously pleased -to express his approbation of its appearance, and of the rapidity -and brilliant execution of its movements; and as the regiment was -about to proceed on foreign service, the most lively anticipations -of its achievements at the theatre of war were produced. It was -not, at this period, mounted on horses of so heavy a description as -formerly; but, while it bore the title of a heavy cavalry regiment, -and retained sufficient weight for a powerful charge in line, it -had acquired a lightness which rendered it available for every -description of service. The heavy cavalry corps which formerly -constituted so important a portion of the armies of England, had -been improved in efficiency and usefulness by mounting them on -horses of a lighter description. - -The occasion of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS proceeding abroad at this -period, was the attempt made by that tyrannical power which had -risen out of the French revolution, of which Napoleon Bonaparte had -become the head, to subjugate the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal: -the inhabitants of those countries were in arms against the -usurper; a British force commanded by Lord Wellington had been sent -to their aid; and this regiment was one of the corps selected to -reinforce the army under his lordship's command. - -Six troops of this regiment, amounting to five hundred and -forty-four officers and men, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel the -Honourable William Ponsonby, embarked at Portsmouth on the 12th -of August, and having landed at Lisbon on the 4th of September, -occupied quarters at Belem about six weeks, and afterwards advanced -up the country. When the army went into quarters for the winter, -the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS were stationed at Thomar. - -[Sidenote: 1812] - -The army resumed operations in the beginning of January, 1812, -with the siege and capture of Ciudad Rodrigo: and in March the -FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS proceeded into the south of Spain to watch the -movements of Marshal Soult, and to cover the siege of _Badajoz_. -The regiment arrived, with the remainder of its brigade (the Third -and Fourth Dragoons), at Borba, in the Alentejo, on the 5th of -March, crossed the Guadiana on the 15th, and formed the van of the -covering army until it arrived at the foot of an extensive chain -of mountains called the Sierra Morena. On the advance of Marshal -Soult, the covering army retired upon Albuhera. The fortress of -_Badajoz_ was captured by storm on the 6th of April; and in a few -days afterwards the regiment had an opportunity of distinguishing -itself in action with the enemy. A large body of cavalry advanced -upon _Llerena_; the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS marched on the 10th of -April to Los Santos, and continued their route during the night -to Bienvenida,--proceeding a distance of sixty miles without -halting, and the last four miles at a brisk pace, through a country -abounding with obstructions; then forming with celerity, advanced -through a grove of olive-trees, beyond which a body of French -cavalry, of more than thrice the numbers of the regiment, was -formed up. The sight of so numerous an enemy did not intimidate -the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS; but acted as a spur to their energies, -and excited them to exertions which evinced their native valour -and intrepidity, and occasioned them to rival the deeds of their -predecessors in the field of glory. The fatigues of the previous -march were forgotten, and the gallant troopers charged with such -spirit and resolution, that the French squadrons were broken, and -being also attacked by the light brigade, they retired in disorder -under cover of their infantry and artillery, leaving behind about -one hundred killed and wounded, and one lieutenant-colonel, two -captains, one lieutenant, and one hundred and forty men prisoners, -also nearly one hundred horses. Actions in which the numbers -engaged are not very great, do not produce, in their bearing on the -affairs of nations, very important results, hence they are often -overlooked, or but slightly noticed, by general historians; yet on -these occasions individual corps often distinguish themselves in an -eminent degree; and the excellent conduct of the British cavalry at -_Llerena_, elicited the following orders:-- - - "_Lafra, 12th April, 1812._ - - "CAVALRY ORDERS. - - "Lieutenant-General Sir Stapleton Cotton begs Major-General Le - Marchant and the Honourable Lieutenant-Colonel Ponsonby will - accept his best thanks, for the gallant and judicious manner in - which they commanded their brigades yesterday, and he requests - they will make known to the officers commanding regiments, the - lieutenant-general's high approbation of their conduct, as well - as of the zeal and attention displayed by all ranks. The order - which was preserved by the troops in pursuing the enemy, and - the quickness with which they formed after every attack, does - infinite credit to the commanding officers, and is a convincing - proof of the good discipline of the several regiments. - - "The Lieutenant-General was very much satisfied with the conduct - of the Third and Fourth Dragoons, in supporting the Fifth Dragoon - Guards and Major-General Anson's brigade. - - "To Lieutenant-Colonel Elley, Sir Stapleton's warmest thanks - are due, for the great assistance he derived from the zeal and - activity displayed by that officer; and the Lieutenant-General - begs that Captain White and Captain Baron Deckan will accept his - acknowledgments for the assistance they afforded him yesterday. - Sir Stapleton Cotton has only to assure the cavalry that their - gallant and regular conduct yesterday has made him, if possible, - more proud than ever of the high command entrusted to him. - - "STAPLETON COTTON, - "LIEUTENANT-GENERAL." - - - "_Olivenza, 15th April, 1812._ - - "BRIGADE ORDERS. - - "Major-General Le Marchant has great satisfaction in conveying - to his brigade the approbation and thanks of Lieutenant-General - Sir Stapleton Cotton commanding the cavalry, for their gallant - conduct near Llerena on the 11th instant. - - "Whilst the Major-General is perfectly satisfied with the zeal - shown by every individual of the brigade in the execution of his - duty on that occasion, he considers that _the charge made by - the_ FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS _deserves his particular admiration and - approval, and he requests that_ MAJOR PRESCOTT _and the officers - of that corps will accept his best thanks, as well for their - services as for the credit which their gallant conduct reflects - on the command which he has the honour to hold_. - - "T. HUTCHINS, - "BRIGADE-MAJOR." - -These orders were forwarded to the depôt of the regiment in -England, to be inserted in the records, accompanied by a letter, of -which the following is an extract:-- - - "_Crato, Portugal, 7th May, 1812._ - - "SIR,--I have great pleasure in communicating to you, by - direction of Colonel Ponsonby, the cavalry and brigade orders - issued on a late occasion, when the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS - attacked a very superior enemy, and forced him to retire with - the loss of about one hundred killed and wounded, besides one - lieutenant-colonel, two captains, one lieutenant, and one hundred - and forty men taken prisoners, with near one hundred horses. - This affair presents a pledge of the future good conduct of - the regiment whenever an opportunity again appears of meeting - the enemy, and must be peculiarly gratifying to you and to the - remainder of the corps at the depôt in England, to hear from such - undoubted authority, that the regiment still continues to support - that high character which it gained on many former glorious - occasions, and in our estimation this last is not the least:--the - regiment having, previous to the attack on three times its - numbers of the enemy's best cavalry, made a forced march of - upwards of sixty miles without halting,--four of the last of - which was at a very brisk pace, through a difficult country, over - rocks, ravines, and stone walls; then forming with unexampled - celerity, and charging with equal and regular rapidity through - a grove of olive-trees until it came in contact with the enemy, - who retired in great disorder under the cover of his infantry - and guns. Our loss in this brilliant affair was comparatively - trifling, as will be seen by the subjoined statement of the names - of the brave men who fell. - - "W. JACKSON, - "ADJUTANT." - -Thus the DRAGOON GUARDS of the nineteenth century are found -rivalling the celebrated heavy HORSE of the preceding ages. The -regiment lost, on this occasion, one corporal and fourteen private -men killed; Major Prescot, Lieutenant Walker, three serjeants, one -corporal, and twenty-one private men wounded. - -A detachment of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS escorted the prisoners -captured on this occasion to the fortress of Elvas in Portugal. The -regiment afterwards marched to Crato. - -Advancing from Crato into Spain, the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS took part -in the movements by which the French were driven from Salamanca, -and the forts at that city were besieged and captured. - -After the capture of the forts, the regiment advanced upon Toro, -but was subsequently ordered to retire to Alaejos to support a body -of troops, under Lieutenant-General Sir Stapleton Cotton, posted -on the Trabancos; and several retrograde movements followed, which -were succeeded by the battle of _Salamanca_. During the night -before this eventful day, while the regiment was dismounted, a -violent storm occurred. The thunder rolled with tremendous violence -over the heads of the men and horses; the lightning played in -sheets of fire and shed its blazing gleams upon the polished arms; -and the rain fell in torrents. One flash fell among the FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS; the terrified horses breaking loose galloped wildly -about in the dark, and every additional clap of thunder and blaze -of lightning augmented the confusion. Twenty men of the regiment -were trampled down and disabled, and several horses escaped into -the French lines. - -On the morning of the memorable 22d of July, the FIFTH DRAGOON -GUARDS, commanded by Colonel the Honourable William Ponsonby, moved -from their bivouac and formed in the rear of the centre of the -position occupied by the allied army. - -While the French commander was manœuvring, Lord Wellington took -advantage of an injudicious movement, and ordered his divisions -forward to attack their adversaries, when the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS -took ground to their right, passed the village of Arapiles, and -advancing in support of the third and fifth divisions, were -exposed to a heavy cannonade. The French army, being attacked -at the moment it was making a complicated evolution, was unable -to withstand the British forces; in a short time, a favourable -opportunity for a charge of the heavy cavalry occurred, and the -FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, were ordered -to attack.[10] The bugles sounded; the brigade moved forward, -increasing its pace, with Major-General Le Marchant at its head, -and a most animated scene presented itself. The din of battle was -heard on every side; clouds of dust and rising columns of smoke -darkened the air, and enveloped the foaming squadrons as they -dashed forward and shook the ground with their trampling hoofs. -In front, the glittering bayonets and waving colours of French -infantry were dimly seen through the thickened atmosphere; these -formidable ranks of war were, in an instant, broken and overthrown -by the terrific charge of this brigade; the resolute troopers, -mingling with their discomfited antagonists, cut them down with -a dreadful carnage, while the British infantry raised shouts of -triumph and applause at the success of the cavalry, and numbers -of the enemy laid down their arms, and surrendered prisoners of -war. Major-General Le Marchant was shot through the body, which -terminated the career of that gallant and talented officer; the -command of the brigade devolved on the brave Colonel the Honourable -William Ponsonby of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, and the officers -and men of the regiment, emulating the heroic fire and energy of -their favourite leader, performed deeds of valour worthy the high -character of their corps. Having subdued one body of infantry, -they continued their career through a wood in their front without -waiting to re-form their ranks; another formidable mass of fresh -adversaries presented itself; the undaunted heavy horsemen, -conscious of their power, flushed with success, stimulated to new -energies by seeing Lieutenant-General Sir Stapleton Cotton and his -staff at their head, rushed forward with reckless fury; though -assailed by a volley of musketry, which proved fatal to many, the -survivors passed through the curling smoke, scarcely seeming to -touch the ground, and the next moment the French column was broken -with a dreadful crash. That mass of infantry, a moment before so -menacing and conspicuous, was become a confused rabble, while the -victorious troopers, exulting in uncontrollable might, trampled -down and plunged their horses through the enemy's ranks, sabring -their dismayed adversaries, and producing havoc and confusion on -every hand.[11] Five guns and more than two thousand prisoners -were captured, and a division of French infantry was destroyed; -two guns were seized by the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, and sent to the -rear immediately after they broke through the enemy's ranks. Such -were the splendid results of this gallant and dreadful charge, in -which the weight, prowess, and daring impetuosity of the FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, seconded by the -light brigade, proved irresistible, and contributed materially in -deciding the fortune of a battle in which the French army sustained -a decisive overthrow, and eleven guns and two _eagles_ remained in -possession of the conquerors. The British commander stated in his -public despatch,--"The cavalry, under Sir Stapleton Cotton, made a -most gallant and successful charge upon a body of French infantry, -which they overthrew and cut to pieces:" Colonel the Honourable -William Ponsonby was presented with a gold medal for his conduct -as commanding officer; and the regiment was afterwards rewarded -with the honour of bearing the word SALAMANCA on its standards and -appointments. Its loss was Captain Osborne, two serjeants, one -corporal, and twelve private men killed; Lieutenant Christie, one -serjeant, one corporal, and fourteen private men wounded. - -[Illustration: FIFTH (THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S) REGIMENT -OF DRAGOON GUARDS, - -At the Battle of Salamanca, 22nd July, 1812. [_To face page 60._] - -The left squadron of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS was attached to -Major-General Bock's brigade of heavy German cavalry, and sent in -pursuit of the wreck of the French army, which retreated by Alba -upon Valladolid; the French rear-guard was overtaken about three -leagues beyond _Alba de Tormes_, a sharp engagement ensued, and -about nine hundred prisoners were captured. - -Colonel the Honourable William Ponsonby, of the Fifth Dragoon -Guards, having been appointed to the staff of the army, and to the -command of the heavy cavalry brigade, issued the following order on -the subject:-- - - "_Camp near Flores de Avila,_ - _25th July, 1812._ - - "REGIMENTAL ORDERS, - - "His Excellency, the commander of the forces, having been pleased - to appoint Colonel Ponsonby to the staff of this army, and to the - distinguished honour of commanding this brigade, Major Prescott - will be pleased to take upon himself the command of the regiment. - - "The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS well know how highly Colonel Ponsonby - has always prized the honour of commanding them; and if the pride - he has long felt in the command of a regiment deservedly of such - high character admitted of augmentation, its most gallant and - glorious achievements in the field, as well as its soldier-like - conduct in quarters, since its arrival in this country, could - not fail to enhance it. He assures the officers and men of the - regiment, that it is now with considerable regret he takes his - leave of them as their regimental commanding officer, although - in the course of professional promotion; and he requests Major - Prescott, the officers, non-commissioned officers, and the whole - of the regiment, will accept his warm and sincere thanks for the - past, as well as his heartfelt and anxious good wishes for the - future. May the Fifth Dragoon Guards long continue to be ranked - as second to none in His Majesty's service." - -The regiment accompanied the army in the subsequent movements, and -in the advance upon the capital of Spain; and it formed part of the -personal escort of the Marquis of Wellington when he entered Madrid -on the 12th of August; it was formed up at the Segovia-gate, when -his lordship received the keys from the municipality. The FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS entered the city amidst the acclamations of the -inhabitants, and occupied quarters there until the 18th of August. - -Leaving the metropolis of Spain to engage in operations against -the French army, the regiment proceeded to St. Ildefonso, remained -there a few days, and afterwards proceeded to the vicinity of -_Burgos_, where the enemy was found in position on the 17th of -September. The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, -were ordered to the front, and dispositions were made for the -attack; but the French commander withdrew his forces, leaving -a strong garrison in the castle of Burgos. This fortress was -besieged, and the regiment, forming part of the covering army, was -stationed at Villamar, the head quarters of the cavalry. On the -19th of October, the enemy attempted to relieve the besieged, and -attacked and carried the village of Quintanapalla; the left wing of -infantry and FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, -advanced to retake the village, but on the approach of this force -the French retreated. - -At length, the movements of the superior numbers of the enemy, -rendered it necessary for the main army to unite with the forces -under Lieutenant-General Sir Rowland Hill, and a retreat was -resolved upon. Withdrawing from Burgos with great secrecy on the -night of the 21st of October, the army commenced its celebrated -retreat to the frontiers of Portugal, which was performed under -peculiar difficulties, and in presence of an immense superiority of -numbers, with the same signal ability which distinguished all the -operations of the British commander, who evinced, on many occasions -during this war, the sublimity of military talent. - -On the 23rd of October, the army continued its retreat in two -columns; the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, -covering the retreat of the column from Hormillos; the enemy -menaced the rear with an immense force of cavalry, but was unable -to make a serious impression, and the British troops bivouacked -that night on the hills above Cordovilla. Resuming the march an -hour before daylight on the following morning, the column passed -the bridge of Cordovilla and crossed the Carrion, covered by -Colonel Ponsonby's brigade, and the head quarters were established -at Duenas, from whence two squadrons of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS -and Third Dragoons were detached, to cover the working parties -employed in mining the bridges of Palencia for destruction; but -the French advancing in great force gained possession of the -bridges in an unbroken state. On the 26th the army resumed its -retrograde movement, crossed the Pisuerga at Cabeçon, and occupied -that town and its vicinity until the 29th, when it again retired, -and, having crossed the Douro, occupied a position beyond that -river several days. On the 6th of November the army retreated on -Salamanca; on the 15th it resumed its march, and having crossed -the Agueda, proceeded into quarters in Portugal. The FIFTH DRAGOON -GUARDS halted eight days at Gallegos, in the province of Biera, and -afterwards proceeded to Ervidal, where they remained until the 28th -of December, and subsequently marched to Goes. - -Thus ended this eventful campaign, in which the allied army, after -capturing the two important fortresses of Ciudad Rodrigo and -Badajoz, gaining the glorious victory of Salamanca, and penetrating -to the metropolis of Spain, was forced, by the superior number of -the enemy's concentrated forces, to return to its former posts. -The gigantic power to which the French revolution had given birth -was, however, on the eve of being broken; Bonaparte, the tyrant -of Europe, had resolved on the fatal expedition to Russia, where -he lost a powerful army in the snow, and the victory at Salamanca -was the precursor of greater triumphs over the disturbers of -christendom. The immense distance marched by the FIFTH DRAGOON -GUARDS during the year 1812, with the scarcity of forage and -constant exposure to every description of weather, occasioned -the loss of many horses; it has been computed that the regiment -marched about two thousand miles within twelve months. - -[Sidenote: 1813] - -The regiment was again in motion in February, 1813, and having -taken post at Viride, in the valley of the Mondego, occupied that -station until the middle of April, when it proceeded to Guimarers, -and halted there seventeen days. - -In May the army commenced operations with a prospect of more -splendid results than on any former occasion; and Colonel -Ponsonby's brigade, which still consisted of the FIFTH DRAGOON -GUARDS, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, traversed the wild and -mountainous country of Trasos-Montes, and crossed the Esla on the -26th of May. The enemy, no longer possessing that superiority -of numbers by which he had formerly gained so many advantages, -abandoned the line of the Douro; Ponsonby's brigade directed its -march on Valencia, passed that town, and advanced on Burgos. On the -12th of June, the brigade overtook the enemy's rear-guard on the -heights of Estepar, when the Third Dragoons were detached to cut -off part of the enemy's force, in which they succeeded, and Captain -Miles, of the Fourteenth Dragoons, charging, took some prisoners -and one gun. During the succeeding night, the French blew up the -castle of Burgos, and retired behind the Ebro. Colonel Ponsonby's -brigade moved to the left, and after traversing a romantic tract -of country, over mountains and rugged precipices, crossed the Ebro -on the 15th of June, and advanced on _Vittoria_, where the enemy -concentrated his forces and took up a defensive position. - -At day-break, on the morning of the 21st of June, the allied -army advanced against the enemy, and the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS -supported the columns of attack. The British infantry dislodged -their adversaries from the several eminences and strong posts at -the point of the bayonet, and being supported and sustained by -the cavalry, forced the enemy, after a dreadful slaughter had -taken place, to retreat with the loss of his guns, ammunition, and -baggage. The cavalry, having been prevented by the nature of the -ground from charging during the early part of the day, was enabled -to dash forward towards the close of the action, and to complete -the rout and discomfiture of the French army. The FIFTH DRAGOON -GUARDS had only one man wounded on this occasion. Their gallant -bearing throughout the day, procured them the honour of displaying -the word VITTORIA on their standards and appointments, and their -commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Prescott, was rewarded with -a gold medal. The brigade continued the pursuit of the enemy on the -following day, and on the 27th of June was detached, to endeavour -to intercept the retreat of a division of the French army, under -General Clausel; but this body of troops escaped to France by the -pass of Jaca. The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS had advanced to Tafalla, -where they remained fourteen days, when, forage becoming scarce, -they proceeded to Miranda. In the mean time, the infantry having -blockaded Pampeluna, penetrated the Pyrenean mountains. Marshal -Soult advanced to relieve Pampeluna, when these celebrated -mountains became the scene of several fierce and deadly contests -between the English and French infantry, and the cavalry were -ordered forward in support. The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS left Mirando -on the 26th of July, and were formed up at the foot of the Pyrenees -during the actions in the mountains towards the end of the month, -when the French were defeated and forced to retire with great loss. - -The heavy cavalry not being required in the mountain operations of -the army, the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS marched to Estella, a city of -Navarre, where they arrived on the 11th of August, and remained -until the 27th of December, when, forage becoming scarce, they -proceeded to the plains of Vittoria, and occupied Guérena and -adjacent villages. - -[Sidenote: 1814] - -Towards the end of February, 1814, the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS -again advanced. After passing through the Pyrenean mountains, -they entered France, and followed the route of the French troops -retreating on Bayonne. On the 19th of March, the army, under -Marshal Soult, was discovered in position near _Tarbes_, when -a division of infantry and Major-General Ponsonby's brigade of -cavalry were ordered to turn the enemy's right flank at Rabastens, -but the French, being thus threatened, retired. Following the rear -of the French army, the brigade crossed the Garonne, on a pontoon -bridge, at St. Roques, on the 31st of March, and seized the bridge -on the Arriege, at Cintagabelle; but the roads were found so bad -in this direction, that the troops were recalled, and the pontoon -bridge being removed to Grenade, the brigade passed the river on -the 4th of April, took post at Grissolles, and placed a strong -picquet on the road to Montauban. - -In the mean time, the French army had taken up a strong position to -cover _Toulouse_, where they were attacked by the allied army on -the 10th of April. The infantry attacked the enemy's entrenchments -with their usual intrepidity. The cavalry brigade, consisting -of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, was -commanded on this occasion by Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Charles -Manners; it was employed in supporting the Spanish forces, and, by -its firm countenance, it enabled them, after having been thrown -into some confusion, to rally and re-form their broken ranks. It -also saved the Portuguese guns from being captured by the French, -and subsequently supported Lieutenant-General Clinton's division: -at length, the enemy was driven from his works, and forced to take -shelter in the town. The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS had one corporal -killed and Cornet Lucas wounded; and their services on this -occasion were rewarded with the honour of bearing the word TOULOUSE -on their standards and appointments. - -Shortly after this victory hostilities were terminated, by -the removal of Buonaparte from the throne of France, and the -restoration of the Bourbon dynasty. Thus ended the toils and -conflicts of this destructive war, and the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, -after traversing kingdoms, enduring privations, and gaining -victories, had the gratification of witnessing the restoration -of peace. The French forces, after fighting to add province to -province, and kingdom to kingdom, to found new empires upon the -ruins of conquered states, to subject mankind to the tyranny of a -lawless despot, saw their hopes blasted, their conquests wrested -from them, their country invaded and subject to the power of -foreigners; but the British army, which fought under the immortal -Wellington for the good of Europe,--for the welfare of other -nations, preserved its own country from the horrors of war, and had -the glory of conquering to establish the peace of Christendom. - -The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS remained in cantonments until the 1st of -June, when, having sent their dismounted men and heavy baggage -to Bourdeaux, they commenced their march for Boulogne.[12] This -long march, from one extremity of France to another, was performed -in the short period of six weeks; and, previous to embarking, -Major-General Ponsonby expressed to the three regiments in -brigade orders, "the high sense he entertained of their uniformly -excellent conduct both in quarters and in the field:" adding, "It -is a gratifying circumstance that, during the whole period of -service, they have, in no instance, individually or collectively, -incurred animadversion in general orders; that no individual of the -brigade has been brought before a general court martial; and that -not one instance has occurred (to the major-general's knowledge) -of interior disagreement in the brigade. With equal truth the -major-general can assert, that upon every occasion which has -presented itself of acting against the enemy, whether regimentally -or in brigade, they have nobly sustained the superiority of the -British cavalry, and fully justified the high opinion so repeatedly -expressed with regard to them by his Grace the Duke of Wellington. -The three regiments will ever have to congratulate themselves on -its having fallen to their lot to be the brigade employed in that -glorious and effectual charge, which contributed in so eminent a -degree to decide the fate of the day at SALAMANCA, and to secure -the signal and complete defeat of the French army. It only remains -for the major-general to declare his satisfaction at the exemplary -conduct of the brigade during the march through France; and he -concludes by requesting that Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Charles -Manners, Lieutenant-Colonel Prescott, and Major Hugonin, will -themselves accept, and have the goodness to communicate to the -regiments under their respective commands, his best and warmest -thanks for their zealous and steady services during the time he has -had the honour of commanding the brigade, together with his earnest -and sincere good wishes for their future welfare. He also requests -Brigade-Major Hill will accept his best thanks for the zeal and -assiduous attention with which he has discharged the duties of his -situation." - -The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS embarked at Boulogne on the 17th and 18th -of July, landed at Dover on the 19th and 20th, and marched from -thence to Woodbridge barracks, where the depôt and heavy baggage -joined from Canterbury, and a reduction of two troops was made in -the establishment. In October the regiment marched to Ipswich and -adjacents. - -[Sidenote: 1815] - -In April, 1815, "His Royal Highness the Prince Regent was pleased, -in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, to approve of the -FIFTH, OR PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT OF DRAGOON -GUARDS, being permitted to bear on its standards and appointments -(in addition to any other badges or devices which may have been -heretofore granted to the regiment), the word 'PENINSULA,' in -commemoration of its services during the late war in Portugal, -Spain, and France, under the command of Field-Marshal the Duke of -Wellington." - -On the 8th of April, the regiment marched to Nottingham, Coventry, -Northampton, and Leicester; and the return of Napoleon Buonaparte -to France, in breach of the treaty of 1814, having occasioned -a declaration of war, six troops were ordered to be held in -readiness for foreign service; but, to the great regret of the -officers and men, who panted for another opportunity of signalizing -themselves under the Duke of Wellington, the order was subsequently -countermanded in consequence of the number of young and untrained -horses in the regiment. - -In June, the officers and men of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS received -the painful intelligence of the fall of Major-General Sir William -Ponsonby, G.C.B., at the battle of Waterloo.[13] - -In July, the regiment marched to York, Sheffield, Leeds, -Huddersfield, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne: in September, the several -troops proceeded to Newcastle, in consequence of the riotous -conduct of the seamen in the ports of that neighbourhood. - -[Sidenote: 1816] - -In January, 1816, the regiment occupied Newcastle, York, Carlisle, -Penrith, and Whitehaven; during the summer, it proceeded to -Ireland, and, arriving at Dublin towards the end of August, -remained on duty in that garrison six months. - -General Bland died at Isleworth on the 14th of October, 1816; -and on the 18th of that month, His Royal Highness Prince Leopold -of Saxe-Coburg of Saalfield, K.G., G.C.B., G.C.H., was appointed -Colonel of the FIFTH, OR PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT OF -DRAGOON GUARDS. - -[Sidenote: 1817] - -The regiment left Ireland in February, 1817, and proceeded to -Scotland, where it remained until the autumn; and, on its arrival -in England, it occupied Ipswich, Norwich, &c. - -THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES died on the 6th of November of this -year, but the title of the regiment is continued, in honour of the -memory of that amiable Princess. - -[Sidenote: 1818] - -[Sidenote: 1819] - -[Sidenote: 1820] - -In July, 1818, the regiment proceeded to York, where the -establishment was reduced to fifty men and thirty-four horses per -troop; in the summer of 1819, it marched to Birmingham, Coventry, -and Wolverhampton; in April, 1820, to Manchester,[14] Oldham, -and Ashton; and in August of the same year, to York, Leeds, and -Huddersfield. - -On the 3rd of September a communication was received from -Major-General Sir John Byng commanding the northern district, -enclosing a letter from the Military Secretary, wherein it was -stated that "His Royal Highness the commander-in-chief approved -highly of the general good conduct, loyalty, and steadiness of the -regiment, of which favourable report was made to His Royal Highness -from all quarters." - -[Sidenote: 1821] - -In April, 1821, the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS marched to Scotland, and -occupied Hamilton, Glasgow, and Paisley: in August the regiment -proceeded to Ireland, and was quartered at Belfast, Belturbet, -Sligo, Enniskillen, and Dundalk; at the same time a reduction -of two troops was made in the establishment, leaving the numbers -six troops, of three officers, fifty-five men, and forty-two -troop-horses each. - -[Sidenote: 1822] - -[Sidenote: 1823] - -[Sidenote: 1824] - -The regiment marched to Porto Bello barracks, Dublin, in July, -1822; from thence to Ballinrobe, Gort, Loughrea, Athlone, -Roscommon, and Dunmore, in May, 1823: and in July, 1824, to Dundalk -and Belturbet. - -[Sidenote: 1825] - -The regiment left Ireland in April, 1825, and proceeding to -Scotland, was stationed at Glasgow and Hamilton. - -[Sidenote: 1826] - -Leaving Scotland in the spring of 1826, the regiment proceeded to -York and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, with a detachment on revenue duty at -Beverley. In April the regiment was ordered into the manufacturing -districts of Yorkshire, in consequence of some disturbance amongst -the operatives, but returned to York in June. - -[Sidenote: 1827] - -In February, 1827, the regiment proceeded to Leeds, Rochdale, and -Sheffield. - -[Sidenote: 1828] - -[Sidenote: 1829] - -In May, 1828, the regiment marched to Dorchester, Weymouth, -Troubridge, and Christ Church, with detached parties on coast duty, -and in the following summer it proceeded to Canterbury. - -[Sidenote: 1830] - -Leaving Canterbury in April, 1830, the regiment marched to Coventry -and Birmingham. In July of the same year His Majesty, King William -IV., was pleased to command that the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS should -proceed to Windsor, to undertake the duties usually performed by -the household cavalry; and, shortly after their arrival there, they -were inspected by Field Marshal Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, -when his Royal Highness expressed himself much gratified with the -excellent appearance and discipline of his corps. - -On the 14th of August the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, commanded by -Prince Leopold in person, were reviewed in the barrack square at -Windsor, by his Majesty King William IV., accompanied by the Queen -and other members of the royal family. His Majesty having made -a minute inspection of the regiment, was pleased to express his -high approbation of its martial appearance and efficiency: and -the officers were then severally presented to the King, by Prince -Leopold. After the review their Majesties, with the other members -of the royal family and distinguished personages present, partook -of a _déjeuné_ prepared by order of Prince Leopold, under tents on -the green, and in the officers' mess-room. - -His Majesty, accompanied by Lord Hill (the general -commanding-in-chief) inspected the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS in the -great quadrangle at Windsor Castle, on the 29th of August, and -again expressed his royal approbation of their appearance and -discipline. - -In October of the same year the regiment marched to Maidstone and -adjacent places. In the following month the head quarters proceeded -to Tunbridge Wells, and, in consequence of the riotous conduct of -the agricultural labourers in Sussex, the remainder of the corps -was dispersed in various parts of that county. In December the head -quarters proceeded to Brighton, and occupied the cavalry barrack at -that town during His Majesty's residence at the Royal Pavilion. - -[Sidenote: 1831] - -Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg having been elected king of the -Belgians, resigned the commission of Colonel of the FIFTH DRAGOON -GUARDS, and King William IV. was graciously pleased to confer that -appointment on Lieutenant-General Sir John Slade, Bart. G.C.H., by -commission, dated 20th July, 1831. - -[Sidenote: 1834] - -The regiment embarked at Bristol on the 17th April, 1831, and -landed at Dublin on the following day. It continued on duty at -various stations in Ireland until April, 1834, when it again -returned to England, disembarked at Liverpool on the 22d of that -month, and was stationed for one year at Manchester. - -[Sidenote: 1835] - -[Sidenote: 1836] - -[Sidenote: 1837] - -[Sidenote: 1838] - -In May, 1835, the regiment proceeded to Scotland, from whence it -returned in the following year, and was stationed at Leeds; in -April, 1837, its head-quarters were established at Birmingham; and -in May, 1838, at York. - -The foregoing pages contain an account of the services of the FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS to the termination of the year 1838, and its record -bears ample testimony to the zeal and bravery which have been -evinced by this distinguished corps on occasions when it has had an -opportunity to attest its valour in presence of a foreign enemy. - -Its noble and gallant conduct, as a regiment of HORSE, -at the battle of the _Boyne_ in 1690;--at the heights of -_Schellenberg_;--also at the memorable battle of _Blenheim_, where -the French and Bavarian armies were nearly destroyed, and their -commander, standards, and colours were captured, in 1704;--its -heroic achievements in 1705 at the forcing of the French lines -at _Helixem_ and _Neer-Hespen_, where it captured the standards -of the Bavarian horse-guards;--the glorious part it took in -annihilating one of the finest and best appointed armies France -ever brought into the field, at _Ramilies_ in 1706;--its intrepid -bearing, as a corps of CUIRASSIERS, in 1708 in the field at -_Oudenarde_, and in the action at _Wynendale_;--the valour it -displayed in close combat with the French household troops at the -sanguinary battle of _Malplaquet_ in 1709;--the ardour it evinced -in the movements and skirmishes which led to the capture of the -fortress of _Bouchain_ in 1711;--its gallantry as a corps of -DRAGOON GUARDS in 1794 at the battle of _Cateau_, where the French -commander, many officers and men, and thirty-five pieces of cannon -were captured;--its brilliant charge at _Llerena_;--its victorious -career on the plains of _Salamanca_ in 1812;--its spirited conduct -at Vittoria in 1813;--and at Toulouse in 1814;--the eminent -qualities it displayed on these and other occasions, as set -forth in the public despatches and national records, afford most -honourable proof that the FIFTH REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS has -never lost sight of the ancient motto on its standards _Vestigia -nulla retrorsum_. - -The conduct of the regiment on home, as well as on foreign service, -has, on all occasions, been such as to evince its usefulness, -efficiency, and constant readiness to support the honour and -dignity of the crown, and the prosperity of the country; thus -holding forth a bright example to stimulate to good conduct -the soldiers of the present and future ages, under all the -circumstances of service in which the calls of their sovereign and -country may occasion them to be placed. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[7] Charles Butler, second son of Thomas Earl of Ossory, and -grandson of James first Duke of Ormond, was created Earl of the -islands of Arran, in the county of Galway, in January, 1694. The -Earl of Arran, mentioned at page 7, was the eldest son of William -Duke of Hamilton, and obtained his father's title in 1698. - -[8] This officer's name is spelt Napper, instead of Napier, in the -lists of killed and wounded published at the time; but he is the -same officer who was appointed Colonel of the regiment by King -George I., on the 27th of May, 1717. - -[9] "The Sunday following was appointed for a day of thanks-giving, -and after divine service the army drew out to fire a _feu-de-joie_ -for the victory. Marshal Tallard and the officers with him were -invited to ride out to see the army fire, which they did with much -persuasion. Our generals paid Tallard the compliment of riding -next the army, and ordered all the officers to salute him. When -the firing was over, the Duke of Marlborough asked Tallard how he -liked the army; he answered with a shrug, _Very well; but they -have had the honour of beating the best troops in the world_. The -Duke replied, _What will the world think of the troops that beat -them?_"--_Parker's Memoirs._ - -[10] The following very spirited description of the charge of the -Fifth Dragoon Guards, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, is copied from -Colonel Napier's admirable History of the Peninsular War:-- - - "While Pakenham, bearing onward with a conquering violence, - was closing on their flank, and the fifth division advancing - with a storm of fire on their front, the interval between - the two attacks was suddenly filled with a whirling cloud of - dust, which moving swiftly forward carried within its womb the - trampling sound of a charging multitude. As it passed the left - of the third division Le Marchant's heavy horsemen, flanked by - Anson's light cavalry, broke forth from it at full speed, and - the next instant twelve hundred French infantry though formed - in several lines were trampled down with a terrible clamour and - disturbance. Bewildered and blinded, they cast away their arms - and ran through the openings of the British squadrons stooping - and demanding quarter, while the dragoons, big men and on big - horses, rode onward smiting with their long glittering swords in - uncontrollable power, and the third division followed at speed, - shouting as the French masses fell in succession before this - dreadful charge." - - "Nor were these valiant swordsmen yet exhausted. Their own - general, Le Marchant, and many officers had fallen, but Cotton - and all his staff were at their head, and with ranks confused, - and blended together in one mass, still galloping forward they - sustained from a fresh column an irregular stream of fire which - emptied a hundred saddles; yet with fine courage, and downright - force, the survivors broke through this the third and strongest - body of men that had encountered them, and Lord Edward Somerset, - continuing his course at the head of one squadron, with a happy - perseverance, captured five guns. The French left was entirely - broken, more than two thousand prisoners were taken, the French - light horsemen abandoned that part of the field, and Thomiere's - division no longer existed as a military body. Anson's cavalry, - which had passed quite over the hill, and had suffered little in - the charge, was now joined by D'Urban's troopers, and took the - place of Le Marchant's exhausted men; the heavy German dragoons - followed in reserve, and with the third and fifth divisions and - the guns formed one formidable line two miles in advance of - where Pakenham first attacked, and that impetuous officer with - unmitigated strength still pressed forward spreading terror and - disorder on the enemy's left." - -[11] The sixty-sixth French regiment of infantry of the line, was -one of the corps which was nearly annihilated, and the staff of the -drum-major of that regiment is preserved as a trophy by the FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS, and carried on parades, &c., by the trumpet-major. - -[12] While at Boulogne the regiment was inspected by Major-General -Sir Henry Fane, who expressed much gratification at its condition -after so long a march, and selected a number of horses to be given -up to the French government, for the purpose of mounting the royal -guard of Louis XVIII. - -[13] The Honourable William Ponsonby, (son of Lord Ponsonby,) after -holding the commissions of ensign in Captain Bulwer's independent -company, lieutenant in Captain Davis's independent company, and -captain in the eighty-third regiment, was appointed major in -the Loyal Irish Fencibles, in December, 1794: in March, 1798 he -was removed to the majority of the Fifth Dragoon Guards, and he -served with his regiment in Ireland during the rebellion, which -broke out in the following summer. On the 1st of January, 1800, -he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the army; in -February, 1803, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel, in the Fifth -Dragoon Guards; and on the 25th of July, 1810, he was advanced to -the brevet rank of colonel. He commanded the six troops of the -Fifth Dragoon Guards on foreign service in 1811, and 1812, and -while at the theatre of war he was so conspicuous for a gallant -and chivalrous spirit, with cheerful alacrity in moments of peril -and privation, united with a kind and benevolent disposition, that -he won the affection and esteem of those individuals who had the -happiness of becoming acquainted with him, and he was the favourite -of the troopers of his regiment. At the battle of Salamanca he led -the Fifth Dragoon Guards to the charge with his characteristic -zeal and gallantry; after the fall of Major-General Le Marchant -he was appointed to the command of the heavy brigade, which he -held until the end of the war; and no officer better qualified -for that important trust, or one who possessed the confidence of -the officers and men in a greater degree, could have been found -in the army. He was promoted to the rank of major-general on the -4th of June, 1813; and was afterwards chosen a knight commander of -the honourable military order of the Bath. On the recommencement -of hostilities in 1815, this distinguished officer was placed on -the staff of the army in Belgium, and appointed to the command of -the second cavalry brigade, consisting of the Royal, Scots Greys, -and Inniskilling dragoons, which corps he led to the charge of the -French infantry at the battle of Waterloo with that intrepidity -for which he had always been so eminently distinguished. Having -cut through the first column, he continued his career against -fresh adversaries; while passing through a newly-ploughed field, -which was so soft and miry from recent heavy rain that his charger -sunk deeply in the soil at every step and became exhausted, he -was attacked by a regiment of Polish lancers; being in front of -his brigade, no one was near him except one aide-de-camp, and at -the moment when his horse was unable to extricate itself, a body -of lancers approached him at full speed. His own death he knew -was inevitable; but supposing his aide-de-camp might escape, he -drew from his bosom the picture of his lady, and was in the act of -delivering it and his watch to his attendant, to be conveyed to -his wife and family, when the lancers came up, and they were both -speared on the spot. Thus fell the brave, the ingenuous Ponsonby, -whose death occasioned deep sorrow in the Fifth Dragoon Guards, and -the troopers expressed regret that they were not at Waterloo to -revenge the death of their former commander, who had led them to -battle and to victory. His death is thus alluded to by the Duke of -Wellington in his public despatch. "I have received a report that -Major-General Sir William Ponsonby is killed; and in announcing -this intelligence I have to add the expression of my grief for the -fate of an officer who had already rendered very brilliant and -important services, and was an ornament to his profession." - -[14] _Manchester, August 23d, 1820._ - -Sir, - -Although the Fifth Dragoon Guards were only placed at Manchester -as a temporary quarter, I should be wanting in what is due from -me to that distinguished corps, did I withhold from you the -expression of my admiration of it as a regiment, or from the -officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates, my unqualified -approbation of their conduct, and my satisfaction at the readiness -and good-will with which they performed all the duties required of -them whilst under my orders. I request you will do me the honour to -make known these my sentiments to them, with the assurance that it -will be ever gratifying to me to hear of their continued welfare -and prosperity. - - I have &c. - - JAMES LYON, Major-General. - -_Major Irwin, commanding Fifth Dragoon Guards._ - - - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS - -OF THE - -FIFTH, OR PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS. - - -CHARLES EARL OF SHREWSBURY, - -_Appointed 29th of July, 1685_. - -CHARLES TALBOT succeeded, when in the seventh year of his age, to -the title of EARL OF SHREWSBURY, on the decease of his father who -died on the 16th of March, 1667, of a wound received in a duel with -the Duke of Buckingham. In 1681 he was appointed lord-lieutenant -of the county of Stafford; and having previously devoted much time -to the consideration of the doctrines of Christianity, on the -discovery of the Popish plot he abjured the tenets of the church -of Rome. He, however, continued steadfast in his loyalty even to -a Popish sovereign, and on the breaking out of the rebellion of -the Duke of Monmouth in June, 1685, he raised a troop of horse -for the service of King James II, and in the following month he -was appointed colonel of the regiment which now bears the title -of FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS. He soon afterwards discovered that the -arbitrary measures of the court were directed to the subversion -of the Protestant religion, of which he was become a determined -supporter; and having resigned his commission and mortgaged his -estate for forty thousand pounds, he proceeded to Holland and made -an offer of his sword and purse to the Prince of Orange, provided -His Highness would attempt to deliver England from the power of the -papists. From this period, until the revolution in 1688, his active -mind was engaged in the glorious and patriotic labour of devising -plans for the good of his native country, and he was one of the -nobles in whom the Prince of Orange placed the greatest confidence, -and by whose advice he was principally guided. - -When William and Mary were elevated to the throne, the Earl of -Shrewsbury was sworn of the Privy Council, and appointed principal -Secretary of State; and in April, 1694, he was elected a Knight of -the Most Noble Order of the Garter, and created Marquis of Alton -and DUKE OF SHREWSBURY. After devoting himself to the service of -his king and country in the important office of principal Secretary -of State, for a period of ten years, he sustained a serious injury -in the breast, from an unlucky fall of his horse while hunting, -which rendered him incapable of attending so closely to business -as his office required, and he resigned the seals as Secretary -of State, but was shortly afterwards appointed Lord Chamberlain -of the Household. This office he resigned in 1700, in order to -proceed to a warmer climate, and he resided for a short period at -Montpellier in France. After the decease of the King of Spain and -the accession of the Duke of Anjou to the throne of that kingdom, -he quitted France and proceeded to Geneva, and subsequently crossed -the Alps into Italy. After his return to England he was reappointed -by Queen Anne to the office of Lord Chamberlain, and in 1712 he was -appointed ambassador to the French court to finish the negociations -for peace. In 1713 he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; -and in the reign of George I. he was a member of the Privy Council -and Lord Chamberlain of the Household. He was one of the most -accomplished gentlemen of the age in which he lived; was remarkably -handsome in person, had an admirable address, was just in his -dealings, and distinguished for gallantry among the ladies; but was -studious and reserved as a public character. He died at Isleworth -on the 1st of February, 1718. - - -MARMADUKE LORD LANGDALE, - -_Appointed 22d January, 1687_. - -This nobleman was the son of Sir Marmaduke Langdale of Holme, in -Spaldingmore, Yorkshire, who, when the rebellion broke out in the -reign of Charles I., raised at his own charge three companies of -foot and a troop of horse for the king's service, with which force -he defeated a party of Scots at Corbridge in Northumberland. Having -been appointed to the command of a body of troops sent by the King -from Oxford into Lincolnshire, he defeated Colonel Rosseter; then -marching against Fairfax, put him to flight and relieved Pontefract -Castle. He subsequently took Berwick-upon-Tweed, and the castle -of Carlisle, but being involved in the defeat of the Duke of -Hamilton, he was taken prisoner at Preston. Having escaped from -confinement he fled to the continent, and in February, 1658, he was -elevated to the peerage by the title of BARON LANGDALE of Holme, in -Spaldingmore, Yorkshire. - -MARMADUKE, second LORD LANGDALE, imbibed from his father strict -principles of loyalty and attachment to the crown, and being known -to be a faithful adherent to the house of Stuart, he was considered -a suitable person to be placed at the head of the Seventh Regiment -of Cuirassiers, now Fifth Dragoon Guards, at the critical period -when the proceedings of the court had alarmed the nation, and -commotions were expected to follow; but he was soon afterwards -relieved from that charge by an officer of more experience in -military affairs, and appointed to the important trust of Governor -of Hull. This place he held in the interest of James II. at the -Revolution in 1688; but he was surprised and made prisoner by -Colonel Copeley, and a party of men who had taken arms and declared -for the Prince of Orange. His lordship was not afterwards employed -in any public capacity; and he died in 1703. - - -RICHARD HAMILTON, - -_Appointed 15th February, 1687_. - -RICHARD HAMILTON was many years in the service of Louis XIV. of -France, during the period that monarch was permitted, by King -Charles II., to employ an English regiment of horse and one English -and one Scots brigade of foot in his service. While engaged in the -French wars he acquired the character of a gallant and enterprising -officer; and he quitted the service of Louis XIV. when Charles -II. demanded the return of his subjects from France in 1678. On -the breaking out of Monmouth's rebellion he raised a troop of -dragoons for the service of King James II., and was afterwards -appointed colonel of one of the regiments of dragoons embodied at -that period. After the suppression of the rebellion he was sent -with his regiment to Ireland, and being a Papist and an officer of -experience, he assisted Tyrconnel in remodelling the Irish army, -by dismissing the Protestants and replacing them with Papists. His -fame as an officer, and his zeal for his religion, occasioned him -to be placed at the head of the Seventh Regiment of Cuirassiers; -but the remodelling of the English army was not completed when the -Revolution took place, and the Roman Catholic officers and soldiers -were placed in confinement. At this period Earl Tyrconnel had given -out new commissions for levying thirty thousand men in Ireland, -and reports were spread that a general massacre of the Protestants -would take place; Richard Hamilton, though a Papist, was believed -to be a man of honour, and he was known to have great influence -with Tyrconnel, and also with the Irish Papists of all ranks, and -having promised either to induce the Lord Lieutenant to resign the -government, or to return and give an account of the negotiation, -he was released from confinement and sent to Ireland; but on -his arrival at Dublin he violated his engagement, and persuaded -Tyrconnel to hold Ireland in the interest of King James. This -breach of trust was rewarded with the rank of lieutenant-general, -and an important post in the Irish army; but he did not long -enjoy his new honours,--having been wounded and taken prisoner at -the battle of the Boyne. Immediately after he was made prisoner, -he was brought into the presence of King William, who put some -questions to him respecting the Irish army, which he answered in -the affirmative, and added the words _upon my honour_: the King -repeated the words _your honour!_ and turned from him, which was -all the rebuke His Majesty gave him for his faithless conduct. He -remained a prisoner until the termination of the war in Ireland, -when he was exchanged for Lord Mountjoy, and proceeding to France, -he appears to have passed the remainder of his life in that country. - - -JOHN COY, - -_Appointed 31st December, 1688_. - -This officer served a short time with the French army in the reign -of Louis XIV., and afterwards commanded a troop in the Duke of -Monmouth's regiment of horse, which regiment was disbanded in -1678. In 1680 he raised a troop of horse for service at Tangier -in Africa; this fortress being besieged by the forces of the -Emperor of Morocco, he proceeded to that country immediately, -and distinguished himself in action with the Moors. In 1683 his -troop of horse was constituted Royal Dragoons; with which corps he -continued to serve, and was engaged at the battle of Sedgemoor in -1685. In 1686 he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of Shrewsbury's -Cuirassiers: and at the Revolution in 1688 he was promoted to the -Colonelcy of the regiment; with which he served with distinction -in Ireland and Flanders. Having become infirm from age and long -service, he obtained the King's permission to dispose of his -commission, in 1697, to the Earl of Arran; and from this period he -led a retired life until his decease. - - -CHARLES EARL OF ARRAN, - -_Appointed 1st July, 1697_. - -This nobleman descended from the illustrious family of Butler, so -renowned in the past ages for the many valiant, and loyal persons -it has produced. He was the second son of Thomas Butler Earl of -Ossory, (a nobleman distinguished for deeds of valour, loyalty to -his sovereign, and the mild and social virtues which rendered him -an ornament to society,) and grandson of the celebrated James, -_first_ Duke of Ormond. Having served under King William III. in -Ireland and Flanders, where he evinced the same martial spirit and -private virtues which had adorned his ancestors, he was elevated to -the peerage of Ireland in January, 1693, by the titles of Baron of -Cloghgrenan in the Queen's county, Viscount of Tullo in the county -of Cutherlough, and EARL OF the islands of ARRAN in the county of -Galway; he was also, at the same time, created an English peer by -the title of Lord Butler, of Weston, in the county of Huntingdon. -On the 16th of February, 1694, he was promoted to the colonelcy of -a newly raised regiment of horse (which was disbanded at the peace -of Ryswick), and in the summer of 1697 he purchased the colonelcy -of the SIXTH HORSE, now Fifth Dragoon Guards. In March, 1703, he -was promoted to the colonelcy of the Third Troop of Life Guards, -which gave him the privilege of taking the court duty of gold stick -in waiting to Queen Anne; in 1712 Her Majesty constituted him -Master-General of the Ordnance in Ireland; and in the following -year appointed him Governor of Dover Castle, and Deputy Warden of -the Cinque Ports. Soon after the accession of King George I. his -Lordship was elected Chancellor of the University of Oxford. After -the impeachment of his brother, James, second Duke of Ormond, for -high treason, the Earl of Arran quitted the army. In February, -1716, he was constituted Lord High Steward of Westminster: and in -1721 he was permitted, by an Act of Parliament, to purchase his -brother's forfeited estates. He died on the 17th of December, 1758, -at the advanced age of eighty-eight years. - - -WILLIAM CADOGAN, - -_Appointed 2d March, 1703_. - -WILLIAM CADOGAN descended from a family of great honour and -antiquity in Wales; and having embraced the profession of arms, -he distinguished himself under King William III. in Ireland and -Flanders, and was appointed major of the Inniskilling Dragoons. -On the breaking out of hostilities in 1701, his great merit and -abilities, which had become conspicuous in the preceding war, -occasioned him to be promoted to the rank of colonel in the -army, and appointed (1st June, 1701) quartermaster-general of -the troops sent to Holland. He eminently distinguished himself -under the great Duke of Marlborough, whose confidence and esteem -he possessed in a high degree, and was promoted, in 1703, from -the Inniskilling Dragoons to the colonelcy of the SIXTH HORSE. -Advancing with the army into Germany he signalized himself at the -battle of Schellenberg, on the 2d of July, 1704, where he had -several shots through his clothes, and was wounded in the thigh. -At the battle of Blenheim he evinced that undaunted bravery and -greatness of soul with which he was signally endowed, and was -promoted immediately afterwards to the rank of brigadier-general. -In the following year he again signalized himself at the forcing -of the French lines, where his regiment defeated the Bavarian -Guards and took four standards; and in the memorable battle of -Ramilies, fought on the 23d of May, 1706, he acquired new honour, -and was despatched shortly after the action with a body of troops -to summon Antwerp, which fortress surrendered to him in a few days. -On the 16th of August he commanded a body of troops employed in -covering a foraging party near Tournay, and advancing with his -characteristic boldness too near the town, he was surprised by a -party of the enemy and made prisoner; he was, however, released on -his parole three days afterwards, and was subsequently exchanged -for Baron Palavicini. In January, 1707, he was promoted to the -rank of major-general, and he was afterwards appointed minister -plenipotentiary to the government of the Spanish Netherlands, -in which employment he evinced the most admirable dexterity in -business, and a peculiar aptitude in conducting negotiations. He -commanded the van of the army in the movements which preceded and -led to the battle of Oudenarde in 1708, and on this occasion his -peculiar merits again shone forth; also in the part which he took -in covering the siege of Lisle, in the action at Wynendale, and -in forcing the passage of the Scheldt; and on the 1st of January, -1709, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general. On the -day preceding the battle of Malplaquet he was sent to confer -with the French commander, and when near the enemy's position he -indicated to a colonel of artillery, by dropping his glove, the -spot where a battery was to be placed on the following morning, -which proved of great importance. During the siege of Mons he -went voluntarily into the trenches to encourage the soldiers in -the attack of a ravelin, when his aide-de-camp was killed at his -side, and he was dangerously wounded in the neck. Every additional -campaign added new lustre to his rising reputation, and in that -sublime display of military talent by which the French lines were -forced in the summer of 1711, and Bouchain captured, he performed -a distinguished part, as detailed in the Historical Record of the -Fifth Dragoon Guards. When political events occasioned the removal -of the Duke of Marlborough from all his appointments dependent on -the crown, Lieutenant-General Cadogan, who had shared with this -illustrious commander in his toils, dangers, and triumphs, and -who, like him, was stedfast in his devotion to the Protestant -interest, and to the succession of the house of Hanover, was -removed from his appointments of quartermaster-general and governor -of the Tower, and called upon to dispose of his regiment for -three thousand pounds to General Kellum. He was soon afterwards -gratified by witnessing the accession of King George I., by whom -he was appointed Colonel of the Second Foot Guards, Master of the -Robes, and envoy extraordinary and plenipotentiary to the States -General of Holland, in which capacity he conducted negotiations -of great importance, and displayed those gifts of nature with -which his mind was adorned; and while thus employed he was -appointed Governor of the Isle of Wight. On the breaking out of -the rebellion of the Earl of Mar, he changed the labours of the -cabinet for those of the field, and in the depth of winter, in the -midst of the most piercing frosts and snow, he evinced unshaken -perseverance in extinguishing the flame of rebellion in Scotland, -and was made a Knight of the most ancient order of the Thistle. -On the 30th of June, 1716, he was elevated to the peerage by the -title of LORD CADOGAN, Baron of Reading. In the autumn of the -same year he was again sent as plenipotentiary to the States of -Holland; on his return in 1717 he was sworn of the Privy Council, -and afterwards promoted to the rank of general; and in May, -1718, he was created Baron of Oakley, Viscount of Caversham, and -EARL CADOGAN. He was subsequently employed in negotiations of an -important character with the house of Austria, Court of Spain, and -States of Holland; and on the decease of the Duke of Marlborough -in 1722, he was appointed General Commanding-in-Chief of the army. -This distinguished nobleman died on the 17th of July, 1726, and was -buried in Westminster Abbey. - - -GEORGE KELLUM, - -_Appointed 22d December, 1712_. - -GEORGE KELLUM obtained the commission of cornet in the Earl of -Shrewsbury's regiment of horse, now Fifth Dragoon Guards, when -that corps was embodied in 1685, and he served in Ireland and the -Netherlands, under King William III. Having been promoted to the -lieutenant-colonelcy, he commanded the regiment in the wars of -Queen Anne, and was promoted to the rank of colonel in the army in -1703. In the following year he distinguished himself at the battle -of Schellenberg, and led the regiment to the charge with signal -gallantry at the glorious battle of Blenheim. At the forcing of -the French lines in 1705, he acquired additional laurels; and at -the memorable battle of Ramilies, the squadrons under his orders -were again victorious. In 1707 he was promoted to the rank of -brigadier-general; in 1708 he commanded a brigade at the battle -of Oudenarde; and in 1709 at that of Malplaquet; in 1710 he was -promoted to the rank of major-general; and in 1712 to that of -lieutenant-general; and in the same year he purchased the colonelcy -of the regiment in which he had served so many years: he was, -however, removed in 1717, and died on the 27th of December, 1732. - - -ROBERT NAPIER, - -_Appointed 27th May, 1717_. - -This officer was appointed cornet in the SIXTH HORSE, now FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS, in January, 1692, and served with the regiment -in the Netherlands until the peace of Ryswick. In 1702 he was -promoted to the majority, and while serving with his regiment in -Germany he was severely wounded at the battle of Schellenberg. In -1705 he was with his regiment at the forcing of the French lines, -and in 1706 he was at Ramilies, and was promoted to the rank of -colonel in the army a few days after the battle. He continued to -serve at the theatre of war; was appointed brigadier-general in -1711; and obtained the colonelcy of the regiment in 1717. He was -promoted to the rank of major-general in 1727; and to that of -lieutenant-general in 1735: and died on the 10th of November, 1739. - - -CLEMENT NEVILLE, - -_Appointed 6th May, 1740_. - -CLEMENT NEVILLE entered the army at the Revolution; his first -commission being dated the 6th of December, 1688, and after serving -with distinction in the wars of King William and Queen Anne, he -was promoted to the rank of colonel in the army at the close of -the campaign of 1711. On the 9th of April, 1720, King George I. -conferred on him the colonelcy of the Fourteenth Dragoons, from -which he was removed in 1737 to the Eighth Dragoons, and in 1739 -he was promoted to the rank of major-general. The colonelcy of the -SIXTH HORSE was conferred on this veteran in the following year; he -was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general in 1743; and he died -in August, 1744. - - -RICHARD VISCOUNT COBHAM, - -_Appointed 5th August, 1744_. - -SIR RICHARD TEMPLE served under King William in the Netherlands, -and on the breaking out of the war of the Spanish succession, he -was promoted to the colonelcy of a newly-raised regiment of foot, -which was disbanded at the peace of Utrecht. He served under -the great Duke of Marlborough, and was conspicuous for a noble -bearing, a greatness of soul, and a contempt of danger, which he -exhibited in a signal manner at the sieges of Venloo and Ruremonde, -at the battle of Oudenarde, and at the siege of the important -fortress of Lisle. In January, 1709, he was promoted to the rank -of major-general, and his conduct at the siege of Tournay, the -sanguinary battle of Malplaquet, and siege of Mons, was rewarded, -in the following year, with the rank of lieutenant-general and -the colonelcy of the Fourth Dragoons. He served under the Duke -of Marlborough in 1711, and had the honour of taking part in the -forcing of the French lines at Arleux, and the capture of the -strong fortress of Bouchain. After the change in the ministry and -the adoption of a new system of policy by the court, the well-known -attachment of this officer to the Protestant succession, occasioned -him to be removed from his regiment; but on the accession of King -George I. he was elevated to the peerage by the title of BARON OF -COBHAM, and in 1715 he was appointed Colonel of the Royal Dragoons. -In 1717 he was appointed Governor of Windsor Castle; in 1718 he -was advanced to the dignity of VISCOUNT COBHAM; and in 1721 he was -removed to the King's Horse, now First Dragoon Guards. He was also -one of the Privy Council, and Governor of the island of Jersey; but -resigned his appointments in 1733. On the change of the ministry in -1742 he was promoted to the rank of field-marshal, and in December -of the same year King George II. conferred upon him the colonelcy -of the First troop of Horse Grenadier Guards. In 1744 he was -removed to the SIXTH HORSE, and in 1745 to the Tenth Dragoons, the -colonelcy of which corps he retained until his decease in 1749. - - -THOMAS WENTWORTH, - -_Appointed 20th June, 1745_. - -THOMAS WENTWORTH was appointed to a commission in the army on the -10th of March, 1704, and served several campaigns in the wars -of Queen Anne. In December, 1722, he was promoted to the rank -of colonel in the army, and in 1732 he was appointed colonel of -the Thirty-ninth Foot, from which he was removed in June, 1737, -to the Twenty-fourth Foot. Two years afterwards he was appointed -brigadier-general; in 1741 he was promoted to the rank of -major-general; and in 1745 he was appointed to the colonelcy of -the SIXTH HORSE, which corps became the SECOND IRISH HORSE in the -following year. He served the crown in a diplomatic as well as a -military capacity, and died at the court of Turin in November, 1747. - - -THOMAS BLIGH, - -_Appointed 22d December, 1747_. - -This officer entered the army in the reign of King George I.; -rose to the rank of Lieutenant-colonel of the SIXTH HORSE, and in -December, 1740 he was appointed Colonel of the Twentieth Regiment -of Foot. On the 27th of May, 1745, he was promoted to the rank -of brigadier-general; was removed to the Twelfth Dragoons in the -following year, and promoted to the rank of major-general in -1747. He was removed to the colonelcy of the SECOND IRISH HORSE -in December of the same year; and was promoted to the rank of -lieutenant-general in 1754. - -War having commenced between Great Britain and France in 1756, -Lieutenant-General Bligh was appointed, in the summer of 1758, to -the command of an expedition designed to make a descent on the -coast of France, with the view of causing a diversion in favour of -the army commanded by Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick in Germany. The -fleet sailed in the beginning of August, and in seven days arrived -in Cherbourg roads. The troops were landed, the town of Cherbourg -was captured, the harbour, pier, and forts were destroyed, and -the brass ordnance brought away as trophies of this success. In -September a landing was effected on the coast of Brittany with the -view of besieging St. Maloes; but this being found impracticable, -the troops, after marching a short distance up the country, -retired and re-embarked at the bay of St. Cas. The enemy advanced -in great numbers under the command of the Duke of Aguillon, and -attacking the rear of the British army, occasioned great loss. -Lieutenant-General Bligh was much censured for his conduct on this -occasion, and soon after the return of the expedition, he retired -from the service. - - -HON. JOHN WALDEGRAVE, - -_Appointed 23d October, 1758_. - -The HON. JOHN WALDEGRAVE obtained a commission in the First Foot -Guards in 1737; in July 1743, he was appointed captain-lieutenant -in the Third Foot Guards; in September following he obtained the -command of a company, and in 1748 he was promoted to the commission -of major in the same corps. On the 26th of June 1751, he was -promoted to the colonelcy of the Ninth Foot; he was removed to the -Eighth Dragoons in 1755; and to the SECOND IRISH HORSE in 1758. -Having been promoted to the rank of major-general, he proceeded -to Germany, and commanded the brigade of infantry which so highly -distinguished itself in 1759, at the battle of Minden, where his -gallantry and extraordinary presence of mind at a critical moment -decided the fate of the day. In September of the same year he was -removed to the Second Dragoon Guards, and continuing to serve in -Germany during the remainder of the seven years' war, gave signal -proofs of ability and valour in numerous actions with the enemy, -and was equally conspicuous for kindness of heart and regard for -the soldiers who served under his orders. In 1763, he succeeded to -the title of EARL WALDEGRAVE; he was afterwards advanced to the -rank of general, and in 1773, he obtained the colonelcy of the -Second Foot Guards, which he retained until his decease in October -1784. - - -HON. JOHN FITZ-WILLIAM, - -_Appointed 27th November 1760_. - -The HON. JOHN FITZ-WILLIAM obtained a commission of captain and -lieutenant-colonel in the First Foot Guards, in 1745; was promoted -to the colonelcy of the Second or Queen's Royal Regiment of Foot -in 1755; and in June, 1759, he obtained the rank of major-general -in the army. In the following year he was removed to the -colonelcy of the SECOND IRISH HORSE; was promoted to the rank of -lieutenant-general in 1761; to that of general in 1783; and died in -1789. - - -JOHN DOUGLAS, - -_Appointed 27th August, 1789_. - -JOHN DOUGLAS was many years an officer in the Second Dragoons -(Scots Greys), with which corps he served at the battle of Fontenoy -in 1745. He was promoted to the rank of captain in 1755; proceeded -with the regiment to Germany in 1758, and was appointed major -in the following spring. He served four campaigns under Prince -Ferdinand of Brunswick in Germany, and was at numerous battles and -skirmishes. In 1770, he was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy -of the Scots Greys; he was advanced to the rank of colonel in the -army in 1775, and to that of major-general in February 1779. In -April of the same year he was appointed Colonel of the Twenty-first -Light Dragoons,--then first embodied and formed of the light -troops belonging to certain dragoon regiments. At the termination -of the American war in 1783, his regiment was disbanded; and in -April 1787, he was appointed Colonel of the Fourteenth Foot: he -was also promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general in the same -year. In 1789, he was appointed to the colonelcy of the FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS, which he retained until his decease, on the 10th of -November 1790. - - -THOMAS BLAND, - -_Appointed 18th November, 1790_. - -This officer obtained a cornetcy in the Seventh Dragoons on the -30th of March, 1754, and continued in that regiment upwards of -thirty-six years. He served three campaigns in Germany under the -Duke of Brunswick; was appointed major of the regiment in 1765, -and lieutenant-colonel in 1771. In 1782, he was promoted to the -rank of major-general, and in 1790 he was appointed from the -lieutenant-colonelcy of the Seventh Dragoons to the colonelcy of -the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS. In 1796, he was promoted to the rank of -lieutenant-general, and to that of general in 1781. He died on the -14th of October, 1816. - - -PRINCE LEOPOLD OF SAXE-COBURG, - -_Appointed 18th October, 1816_. - -This illustrious Prince, whose military services have become -connected with the RECORD of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, by his -appointment to the colonelcy of the regiment, entered the army -of the Emperor Alexander of Russia in 1803, and rose to the -rank of major-general; but in 1810, Bonaparte demanded that His -Royal Highness should quit the Russian service, and the Prince -was induced to acquiesce, in order to conciliate Napoleon, and -to preserve the possessions of the house of Coburg from being -seized on by the French. Prince Leopold was subsequently employed -in negotiating an arrangement respecting the principality of -Coburg, with the crown of Bavaria, in which he displayed superior -diplomatic talents. At the commencement of 1813, he exerted -himself, as far as his situation permitted, at that critical and -momentous period, to prepare the emancipation of Germany, and in -February he proceeded to Poland, to the Emperor of Russia, by whom -he was cordially received, and a command in the Russian army was -given to His Royal Highness. He was at the battle of Lutzen on the -2d of May; was subsequently sent by forced marches towards the -Elbe, to support the Prussian General Kleist; but the Prince's -destination was afterwards changed, and on the 19th of May he -marched to support General Barclay de Tolly: His Royal Highness -was, however, recalled, to take part in the battle of Bautzen, on -the 20th and 21st of the same month; and after supporting the line -at various points, he covered the retreat on the evening of the -second day, with the cavalry under his orders, amidst the hottest -fire. - -On the 26th of August His Royal Highness was detached to support -the corps under Prince Eugene of Wirtemberg, posted near the -fortress of Königstein; and Prince Leopold maintained, with his -cavalry, a precarious position for five hours, against the repeated -attacks of a force treble his own numbers, by which he defeated -the designs of the enemy, and preserved Prince Eugene's troops -from destruction. On the following day the corps took post beyond -Pirna, which place the enemy took by storm, and endeavoured to -extend with his cavalry upon the level ground near the Elbe; but -was driven back by the troops under Prince Leopold. The main -army, however, retired towards Bohemia, by which the retreat of -the corps near Pirna was rendered difficult, and the abilities of -His Royal Highness were particularly conspicuous in the masterly -dispositions and skilful movements of the cavalry under his orders, -in facilitating and covering the retrogade movement of the corps. A -sharp action occurred in the village of Peterswalde on the 29th of -August, when His Royal Highness signalized himself; several other -actions occurred on the same day in the mountains, and towards -the evening, the Prince repulsed the attack of a superior force -near the village of Prisen, with signal bravery and astonishing -success; and on the following morning he received from the Emperor -Alexander the Cross of the military order of St. George. The action -was renewed on the 30th of August, and the allied army having been -concentrated, the French were defeated with considerable loss. -Prince Leopold had a distinguished share in the engagement, and -he pursued the retiring enemy to the village of Peterswalde: the -brilliant conduct of His Royal Highness between the 26th and 30th -of August, was rewarded by the Emperor of Austria with the military -order of Maria Theresa. - -Prince Leopold had a distinguished post at the battle of Leipzig, -and, with the cavalry under his orders, contributed materially -to the decisive termination of that gigantic contest. His Royal -Highness was actively employed in the beginning of 1814; was at -the battle of Brienne, and in the pursuit of the defeated army -on the 2d of February, and in several minor affairs. On the 25th -of March the Prince was in the action with the French at La Fere -Champenoise, when, attacking the enemy's right flank at Caunentrai, -he carried the position, captured five pieces of cannon, and, -when attacked in turn, he repulsed the enemy, and maintained his -ground with signal intrepidity. The battle of Paris concluded -the campaign, and on the 31st of March, the Prince entered that -city with the cavalry of the reserve, and remained there in -garrison. These important events were succeeded by the abdication -of Napoleon, and, when the Congress assembled at Vienna, Prince -Leopold of Saxe-Coburg conducted the business relating to his own -country. - -On the return of Bonaparte to France, in 1815, Prince Leopold -proceeded to the grand army on the Rhine, and soon afterwards -reached Paris. On the termination of the war he visited England; -became a suitor to Her Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte of -Wales, and, having obtained the consent of the Prince Regent, the -nuptials between Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, and the presumptive -heiress to the British throne, were eventually solemnized. - -On the 2d of May, 1816, Prince Leopold obtained the rank of general -in the British service, and on the 24th of the same month he was -promoted to the rank of field-marshal. The colonelcy of the FIFTH, -OR PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES' REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS was -conferred upon Prince Leopold in October of the same year, and he -presented to the officers' mess a handsome service of plate. His -Royal Highness was also honoured with the Order of the Garter, -and the Order of the Bath; but in the midst of these accumulated -distinctions he sustained the loss of his amiable consort, whose -decease on the 6th November, 1817, occasioned the most sincere -grief throughout the kingdom, and Prince Leopold was for some time -inconsolable. - -The events which transpired in the Netherlands in 1830, having led -to the separation of several provinces from Holland, and to the -formation of an independent state, called Belgium, Prince Leopold -was invited to accept of the sovereignty of that kingdom in 1831, -and His Royal Highness acquiesced. Thus the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS -had the gratification of witnessing the elevation of their colonel -to a throne. - -On resigning the colonelcy His Royal Highness was pleased to cause -the following farewell address to be sent to the regiment:-- - - "_Claremont, 14th July, 1831._ - - "The Prince Leopold is desirous on quitting England, to - communicate to his regiment, that the circumstances which - call him to another country have made it necessary for him to - relinquish the command of the corps; and he has reserved it, as - one of his last and most painful duties, to bid them farewell. It - would have been His Royal Highness's wish on this occasion, to - have expressed personally to the regiment his regret in leaving - them, and the sincere wishes he shall always entertain for their - happiness and welfare; but their distant quarter, and the hurry - which unavoidably attends his departure, render such a desire - impracticable. - - "In taking leave of the regiment, which it has been his - happiness for so many years to command, many subjects press - on His Royal Highness's attention that he would be anxious - publicly to advert to; some of these bear paramount claim to - his thankfulness and recollection; and it is such that he is - chiefly solicitous to notice and record, on this last occasion - of his addressing them:--he alludes particularly to the uniform - maintenance of discipline, efficiency, and high character, which - have marked the corps as one of the most distinguished in the - service, throughout the long period he has known them;--this - has been conspicuous, whether considered with respect to their - efficiency in equipment,--their discipline and conduct in - quarters,--or their movements and perfection in the field,--in - every point, these have been eminently and invariably supported, - and have established a name to the regiment, that, as it should - be the first ambition, so it is among the highest rewards, a - soldier can know. To Lieutenant-Colonel Wallace, whose zeal and - knowledge of the service have guided and perfected this state - of discipline;--to the officers, who have ably and successfully - devoted their efforts to uphold it;--to the non-commissioned - officers and privates, who have maintained the discipline marked - out to them, and, sharing the feelings of their officers in the - character of the regiment, have by their conduct assisted to - uphold it;--to one and all,--individually and collectively,--His - Royal Highness returns his most hearty thanks, with his - unqualified approbation of their conduct, under every view of - discipline or exigency of service:--to such officers and to such - men, it is unnecessary to say anything that can urge or stimulate - their future zeal; His Royal Highness feels assured, that their - Sovereign's approbation will ever remain their first aim, while - _the name of the regiment_, deeply honoured by them and cherished - in their hearts, will never cease to influence them in attaining - that high distinction. His Royal Highness has always felt pride - in being one of their number, and he can never cease to feel the - truest interest in whatever can affect their name as a corps, - or their welfare and happiness as individuals; and with his - heartfelt wishes for the uninterrupted prosperity and perfection - of both, he reluctantly bids them, Farewell. - - (Signed) "ROBERT GARDINER. - - "_To Lieutenant-Colonel Wallace, "Commanding Fifth Dragoon - Guards._" - - -SIR JOHN SLADE, BART., G. C. H. - -_Appointed 20th July, 1831_. - - -THE END. - - - - - LONDON: - - Printed by W. CLOWES and SONS, - Duke-street, Stamford-street. - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE - - The ornamental symbol for the 'Second Irish Horse' is displayed as - 'II/H' in the etext. The original text shows a small 'II' over a - small 'H' with no slash or bar. - - Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been - corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within - the text and consultation of external sources. - - Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, - and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. For example, - head quarters, head-quarters; cap à pié, cap-à-pié; negociations. - - Pg vi, 'Sir John Slade ... 98' replaced by 'Sir John Slade ... 99'. - Pg 67, 'was discocovered in' replaced by 'was discovered in'. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Historical Record of The Fifth or -Princess Charlotte of Wales's Regimen, by Richard Cannon - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD--5TH WALES REGIMENT *** - -***** This file should be named 54607-0.txt or 54607-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/4/6/0/54607/ - -Produced by Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -book was produced from images made available by the -HathiTrust Digital Library.) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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