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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c387e90 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #54607 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/54607) diff --git a/old/54607-0.txt b/old/54607-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 7a739cc..0000000 --- a/old/54607-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4279 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Historical Record of The Fifth or -Princess Charlotte of Wales's Regimen, by Richard Cannon - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Historical Record of The Fifth or Princess Charlotte of Wales's Regiment of Dragoon Guards - Containing an Account of the Formation of the Regiment in - 1685; with its Subsequent Services to 1838 - -Author: Richard Cannon - -Release Date: April 26, 2017 [EBook #54607] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD--5TH WALES REGIMENT *** - - - - -Produced by Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -book was produced from images made available by the -HathiTrust Digital Library.) - - - - - - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - - A superscript is denoted by ^x, for example und^r or iv^s. - - Some minor changes are noted at the end of the book. - - - - - HISTORICAL RECORDS - - OF THE - - BRITISH ARMY. - - PREPARED FOR PUBLICATION UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE - ADJUTANT-GENERAL. - - - THE FIFTH, - - OR - - - PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT - OF DRAGOON GUARDS. - - - - - LONDON: - - - Printed by WILLIAM CLOWES and SONS, - 14, Charing Cross. - - - - -GENERAL ORDERS. - - - _HORSE-GUARDS,_ - _1st January, 1836._ - -His Majesty has been pleased to command, that, with a view of doing -the fullest justice to Regiments, as well as to Individuals who -have distinguished themselves by their Bravery in Action with the -Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Regiment in the British -Army shall be published under the superintendence and direction -of the Adjutant-General; and that this Account shall contain the -following particulars: _viz._, - - ---- The Period and Circumstances of the Original Formation of - the Regiment; The Stations at which it has been from time to time - employed; The Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations, - in which it has been engaged, particularly specifying any - Achievement it may have performed, and the Colours, Trophies, - &c., it may have captured from the Enemy. - - ---- The Names of the Officers and the number of Non-Commissioned - Officers and Privates, Killed or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying - the Place and Date of the Action. - - ---- The Names of those Officers, who, in consideration of their - Gallant Services and Meritorious Conduct in Engagements with the - Enemy, have been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other - Marks of His Majesty's gracious favour. - - ---- The Names of all such Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers - and Privates as may have specially signalized themselves in - Action. - - And, - - ---- The Badges and Devices which the Regiment may have been - permitted to bear, and the Causes on account of which such Badges - or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted. - - By Command of the Right Honourable - - GENERAL LORD HILL, - _Commanding-in-Chief_. - - JOHN MACDONALD, - _Adjutant-General_. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend -upon the zeal and ardour, by which all who enter into its service -are animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that -any measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which -alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. - -Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable -object, than a full display of the noble deeds with which the -Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright -examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to -incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have -preceded him in their honourable career, are among the motives that -have given rise to the present publication. - -The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the -'London Gazette,' from whence they are transferred into the public -prints: the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the -time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute of praise and -admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, -the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on -the Commanders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their -orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill -and bravery, and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour -of their Sovereign's Approbation, constitute the reward which the -soldier most highly prizes. - -It has not, however, until late years, been the practice (which -appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) -for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services -and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in -obtaining, particularly from the old Regiments, an authentic -account of their origin and subsequent services. - -This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty -having been pleased to command, that every Regiment shall in future -keep a full and ample record of its services at home and abroad. - -From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth -derive information as to the difficulties and privations which -chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In -Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to -the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and -where these pursuits have, for so long a period, been undisturbed -by the _presence of war_, which few other countries have escaped, -comparatively little is known of the vicissitudes of active -service, and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during -peace, the British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, -with little or no interval of repose. - -In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country -derives from the industry and the enterprise of the agriculturist -and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to -reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor,--on -their sufferings,--and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which -so many national benefits are obtained and preserved. - -The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, -have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties; and -their character has been established in Continental warfare by the -irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in -spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and -steadiness with which they have maintained their advantages against -superior numbers. - -In the official Reports made by the respective Commanders, ample -justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the -Corps employed; but the details of their services, and of acts of -individual bravery, can only be fully given in the Annals of the -various Regiments. - -These Records are now preparing for publication, under His -Majesty's special authority, by Mr. RICHARD CANNON, Principal Clerk -of the Adjutant-General's Office; and while the perusal of them -cannot fail to be useful and interesting to military men of every -rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and -information to the general reader, particularly to those who may -have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. - -There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or -are serving, in the Army, an _Esprit de Corps_--an attachment -to every thing belonging to their Regiment; to such persons a -narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove -interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great,--the -valiant,--the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with -a brave and civilised people. Great Britain has produced a race -of heroes who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood, "firm -as the rocks of their native shore;" and when half the World has -been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their -Country with unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of -achievements in war,--victories so complete and surprising, gained -by our countrymen,--our brothers--our fellow-citizens in arms,--a -record which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their -gallant deeds before us, will certainly prove acceptable to the -public. - -Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished -Officers, will be introduced in the Records of their respective -Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to -time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testifying the value -and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth. - -As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment -will be printed in a distinct number, so that when the whole shall -be completed, the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession. - - - - -INTRODUCTION. - - -The ancient Armies of England were composed of Horse and Foot; but -the feudal troops established by William the Conqueror in 1086, -consisted almost entirely of Horse. Under the feudal system, every -holder of land amounting to what was termed a "knight's fee," was -required to provide a charger, a coat of mail, a helmet, a shield, -and a lance, and to serve the Crown a period of forty days in -each year at his own expense; and the great landholders had to -provide armed men in proportion to the extent of their estates; -consequently the ranks of the feudal Cavalry were completed with -men of property, and the vassals and tenants of the great barons, -who led their dependents to the field in person. - -In the succeeding reigns the Cavalry of the Army was composed -of Knights (or men at arms) and Hobiliers (or horsemen of -inferior degree); and the Infantry of spear and battle-axe men, -cross-bowmen, and archers. The Knights wore armour on every part -of the body, and their weapons were a lance, a sword, and a small -dagger. The Hobiliers were accoutred and armed for the light and -less important services of war, and were not considered qualified -for a charge in line. Mounted Archers[1] were also introduced, and -the English nation eventually became pre-eminent in the use of the -bow. - -About the time of Queen Mary the appellation of "_Men at Arms_" -was changed to that of "_Spears_ and _Launces_." The introduction -of fire-arms ultimately occasioned the lance to fall into disuse, -and the title of the Horsemen of the first degree was changed to -"_Cuirassiers_." The Cuirassiers were armed _cap-à-pié_, and their -weapons were a sword with a straight narrow blade and sharp point, -and a pair of large pistols, called petrenels; and the Hobiliers -carried carbines. The Infantry carried pikes, matchlocks, and -swords. The introduction of fire-arms occasioned the formation of -regiments armed and equipped as infantry, but mounted on small -horses for the sake of expedition of movement, and these were -styled "_Dragoons_;" a small portion of the military force of the -kingdom, however, consisted of this description of troops. - -The formation of the present Army commenced after the Restoration -in 1660, with the establishment of regular corps of Horse and Foot; -the Horsemen were cuirassiers, but only wore armour on the head and -body; and the Foot were pike-men and musketeers. The arms which -each description of force carried, are described in the following -extract from the "Regulations of King Charles II.," dated 5th May, -1663:-- - - "Each Horseman to have for his defensive armes, back, breast, - and pot; and for his offensive armes, a sword, and a case of - pistolls, the barrels whereof are not to be und^r. foorteen - inches in length; and each Trooper of Our Guards to have a - carbine, besides the aforesaid armes. And the Foote to have - each souldier a sword, and each pikeman a pike of 16 foote long - and not und^r.; and each musqueteer a musquet, with a collar of - bandaliers, the barrels of which musquet to be about foor foote - long, and to conteine a bullet, foorteen of which shall weigh a - pound weight[2]." - -The ranks of the Troops of Horse were at this period composed of -men of some property--generally the sons of substantial yeomen: the -young men received as recruits provided their own horses, and they -were placed on a rate of pay sufficient to give them a respectable -station in society. - -On the breaking out of the war with Holland, in the spring of 1672, -a Regiment of Dragoons was raised[3]; the Dragoons were placed on -a lower rate of pay than the Horse; and the Regiment was armed -similar to the Infantry, excepting that a limited number of the -men carried halberds instead of pikes, and the others muskets and -bayonets; and a few men in each Troop had pistols; as appears by a -warrant dated the 2nd of April, 1672, of which the following is an -extract:-- - - "CHARLES R. - - "Our will and pleasure is, that a Regiment of Dragoones which - we have established and ordered to be raised, in twelve Troopes - of fourscore in each beside officers, who are to be under the - command of Our most deare and most intirely beloved Cousin Prince - Rupert, shall be armed out of Our stoares remaining within Our - office of the Ordinance, as followeth; that is to say, three - corporalls, two serjeants, the gentlemen at armes, and twelve - souldiers of each of the said twelve Troopes, are to have and - carry each of them one halbard, and one case of pistolls with - holsters; and the rest of the souldiers of the several Troopes - aforesaid, are to have and to carry each of them one match-locke - musquet, with a collar of bandaliers, and also to have and to - carry one bayonet[4], or great knife. That each lieutenant have - and carry one partizan; and that two drums be delivered out for - each Troope of the said Regiment[5]." - -Several regiments of Horse and Dragoons were raised in the first -year of the reign of King James II.; and the horsemen carried a -short carbine[6] in addition to the sword and pair of pistols: and -in a Regulation dated the 21st of February, 1687, the arms of the -Dragoons at that period are commanded to be as follow:-- - - "The Dragoons to have snaphanse musquets, strapt, with bright - barrels of three foote eight inches long, cartouch-boxes, - bayonetts, granado pouches, bucketts, and hammer-hatchetts." - -After several years' experience, little advantage was found to -accrue from having Cavalry Regiments formed almost exclusively -for engaging the enemy on foot; and, the Horse having laid aside -their armour, the arms and equipment of Horse and Dragoons were so -nearly assimilated, that there remained little distinction besides -the name and rate of pay. The introduction of improvements into the -mounting, arming, and equipment of Dragoons rendered them competent -to the performance of every description of service required of -Cavalry; and, while the long musket and bayonet were retained, to -enable them to act as Infantry, if necessary, they were found to be -equally efficient, and of equal value to the nation, as Cavalry, -with the Regiments of Horse. - -In the several augmentations made to the regular Army after the -early part of the reign of Queen Anne, no new Regiments of Horse -were raised for permanent service; and in 1746 King George II. -reduced three of the old Regiments of Horse to the quality and pay -of Dragoons; at the same time, His Majesty gave them the title of -First, Second, and Third Regiments of _Dragoon Guards_: and in -1788 the same alteration was made in the remaining four Regiments -of Horse, which then became the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh -Regiments of _Dragoon Guards_. - -At present there are only three Regiments which are styled _Horse_ -in the British Army, namely, the two Regiments of Life Guards, -and the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards, to whom cuirasses have -recently been restored. The other Cavalry Regiments consist of -Dragoon Guards, Heavy and Light Dragoons, Hussars, and Lancers; -and although the long musket and bayonet have been laid aside by -the whole of the Cavalry, and the Regiments are armed and equipped -on the principle of the old Horse (excepting the cuirass), they -continue to be styled Dragoons. - -The old Regiments of Horse formed a highly respectable and -efficient portion of the Army, and it is found, on perusing the -histories of the various campaigns in which they have been engaged, -that they have, on all occasions, maintained a high character for -steadiness and discipline, as well as for bravery in action. They -were formerly mounted on horses of superior weight and physical -power, and few troops could withstand a well-directed charge of -the celebrated British Horse. The records of these corps embrace a -period of 150 years--a period eventful in history, and abounding in -instances of heroism displayed by the British troops when danger -has threatened the nation,--a period in which these Regiments have -numbered in their ranks men of loyalty, valour, and good conduct, -worthy of imitation. - -Since the Regiments of Horse were formed into Dragoon Guards, -additional improvements have been introduced into the constitution -of the several corps; and the superior description of horses now -bred in the United Kingdom enables the commanding officers to -remount their regiments with such excellent horses, that, whilst -sufficient weight has been retained for a powerful charge in line, -a lightness has been acquired which renders them available for -every description of service incident to modern warfare. - -The orderly conduct of these Regiments in quarters has gained the -confidence and esteem of the respectable inhabitants of the various -parts of the United Kingdom in which they have been stationed; -their promptitude and alacrity in attending to the requisitions of -the magistrates in periods of excitement, and the temper, patience, -and forbearance which they have evinced when subjected to great -provocation, insult, and violence from the misguided populace, -prove the value of these troops to the Crown, and to the Government -of the country, and justify the reliance which is reposed on them. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] In the 14th year of the reign of Edward IV. a small force was -established in Ireland by Parliament, consisting of 120 Archers on -horseback, 40 Horsemen, and 40 Pages. - -[2] Military Papers, State Paper Office. - -[3] This Regiment was disbanded after the Peace in 1674. - -[4] This appears to be the first introduction of _bayonets_ into -the English Army. - -[5] State Paper Office. - -[6] The first issue of carbines to the regular Horse appears -to have taken place in 1678; the Life Guards, however, carried -carbines from their formation in 1660.--Vide the 'Historical Record -of the Life Guards.' - - - - - HISTORICAL RECORD - - OF - - THE FIFTH, - - OR - - PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT - - OF - - DRAGOON GUARDS: - - CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF - - THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT - IN 1685; - - WITH ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES - TO 1838. - - ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. - - LONDON: - PUBLISHED BY LONGMAN, ORME, AND CO., - PATERNOSTER ROW; - W. CLOWES AND SONS, 14, CHARING CROSS; - - AND TO BE HAD OF ALL BOOKSELLERS. - - 1839. - - Printed by WILLIAM CLOWES and SONS, Stamford Street. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - Anno Page - - 1685 Formation of the Regiment 1 - - ---- Equipped as Cuirassiers, and obtained rank as - _Seventh Horse_ 3 - - ---- Reviewed by King James II. 4 - - 1686 First Establishment 5 - - ---- Names of Officers 6 - - ---- Reviewed on Hounslow Heath -- - - 1688 The Revolution 7 - - 1689 Proceeds to Ireland 9 - - ---- Siege of Carrickfergus -- - - 1690 Battle of the Boyne 11 - - ---- Siege of Limerick 12 - - 1691 Skirmish near Brewsterfield -- - - ---- Second Siege of Limerick 13 - - 1692 Returns to England -- - - 1693 Performs Court Duty 14 - - 1694 Proceeds to the Netherlands -- - - 1695 Covering the Siege of Namur -- - - 1697 Skirmish near Enghien 15 - - 1698 Returns to England 16 - - 1700 Proceeds to Ireland -- - - 1702 Three Troops return to England, and proceed to - Holland 17 - - ---- Covering the Sieges of Venloo, Ruremonde, - Stevenswaert, and Liege -- - - 1703 Skirmish near Haneff; and covering the Sieges of - Huy and Limburg 18 - - 1704 Three Troops from Ireland to Holland -- - - ---- Battle of Schellenberg 19 - - ---- -------- Blenheim 20 - - ---- Covering the Siege of Laudan 21 - - 1705 Forcing the French Lines at Helixem and Neer-Hespen -- - - 1706 Battle of Ramilies 24 - - ---- Sieges of Antwerp and Dendermond 25 - - 1708 Battle of Oudenarde 26 - - ---- Siege of Lisle, and Action at Wynendale 27 - - 1709 Covering the Siege of Tournay 28 - - ---- Battle of Malplaquet -- - - ---- Covering the Siege of Mons 29 - - 1710 -------------------- Douay, Bethune, Aire, and - St. Venant -- - - 1711 Forcing the French Lines at Arleux -- - - ---- Covering the Siege of Bouchain 30 - - ---- Skirmish near Wavrechin 31 - - 1712 Covering the Siege of Quesnoy 33 - - 1714 Proceeds to Ireland 34 - - 1717 Facings changed from Buff to Full Green 35 - - 1746 Styled the _Second Irish Horse_ 37 - - 1751 Description of the Clothing and Standards -- - - 1788 Title changed to _Fifth Dragoon Guards_ 40 - - 1793 Proceeds to Flanders 42 - - 1794 Action at Prêmont -- - - ---- Covering the Siege of Landrécies -- - - ---- Battle of Cateau 43 - - ---- Action near Tournay 44 - - ---- Retreat through Holland to Germany 45 - - 1795 Embarks for England -- - - 1796 Proceeds to Ireland -- - - 1798 Rebellion in Ireland 46 - - ---- Actions at Arklow, Ballycarnen, and Gorey -- - - ---- ---------- Vinegar Hill and White Hills 47 - - ---- Skirmish near Prosperous -- - - ---- Action at Ballinamuck 48 - - 1799 Returns to England 48 - - 1804 Styled the _Fifth, or Princess Charlotte of Wales's - Regiment of Dragoon Guards_ -- - - 1805 Proceeds to Ireland 49 - - 1808 Returns to England -- - - 1811 Reviewed by the Prince Regent -- - - ---- Embarks for Portugal 50 - - 1812 Covering the Siege of Badajoz 51 - - ---- Action at Llerena -- - - ---- Battle of Salamanca 56 - - ---- Skirmish at Alba de Tormes 60 - - ---- Advances to Madrid 62 - - ---- Covering the Siege of Burgos -- - - ---- Retreats to Portugal 63 - - 1813 Advances into Spain 65 - - ---- Battle of Vittoria -- - - 1814 Advances through the Pyrenees into France 67 - - ---- Action near Tarbes -- - - ---- Battle of Toulouse 68 - - ---- Returns to England 69 - - 1816 Proceeds to Ireland 73 - - 1817 Proceeds to Scotland, and from thence to England -- - - 1821 Returns to Scotland, and embarks for Ireland 74 - - 1825 Embarks for Scotland 75 - - 1826 Proceeds to England -- - - 1830 Reviewed by King William IV. at Windsor 76 - - 1831 Embarks for Ireland 77 - - 1834 Returns to England -- - - 1835 Proceeds to Scotland -- - - 1836 Returns to England -- - - 1838 The Conclusion 78 - - - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. - - - Anno Page - - 1685 Charles Earl of Shrewsbury 79 - - 1687 Marmaduke Lord Langdale 81 - - ---- Richard Hamilton 82 - - 1688 John Coy 83 - - 1697 Charles Earl of Arran 84 - - 1703 William Cadogan 85 - - 1712 George Kellum 87 - - 1717 Robert Napier 88 - - 1740 Charles Neville 89 - - 1744 Richard Viscount Cobham -- - - 1745 Thomas Wentworth 90 - - 1747 Thomas Bligh 91 - - 1758 Hon. John Waldegrave 92 - - 1760 Hon. John Fitz-William -- - - 1789 John Douglas 93 - - 1790 Thomas Bland -- - - 1816 Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg 94 - - 1831 Sir John Slade, Bart. 99 - - - - -PLATES. - - - The Standard of the Regiment to precede 1 - - The Capture of the Bavarian Standards at the forcing of - the French Lines in 1705 to face 24 - - The Fifth Dragoon Guards at the Battle of Salamanca to face 60 - - - - - THE FIFTH, - - OR - - PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT - - OF - - DRAGOON GUARDS, - - BEARS UPON ITS STANDARDS - - THE MOTTO - - "_VESTIGIA NULLA RETRORSUM_;" - - AND THE FOLLOWING INSCRIPTIONS: - - "SALAMANCA," "VITTORIA," "TOULOUSE," "PENINSULA." - - -[Illustration: FIFTH (THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S) REGIMENT -OF DRAGOON GUARDS.] - - - - -HISTORICAL RECORD - -OF THE - -FIFTH, - -OR - -PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT - -OF - -DRAGOON GUARDS. - - -[Sidenote: 1685] - -In the early periods of the history of this country a standing army -was unknown; but as the kingdom increased in arts, sciences, and -manufactures, and as national institutions, established upon sound -principles, assumed an important character, a regularly organized -military force was found necessary to protect the interests of -society, and to guard colonial possessions; and when the other -nations of Europe have from time to time augmented their standing -armies, it has been found necessary to make similar additions -to the regular force of Great Britain. After the Restoration in -1660, the army of the Commonwealth was disbanded, and a body of -household troops, with a few garrison companies, were considered -sufficient; but the acquisition of additional possessions, the -ambitious designs of foreign potentates, and internal commotions in -the kingdom, have occasioned numerous additions to be made to the -regular army. It was one of the last mentioned causes, which, in -the year 1685, gave rise to the formation of the corps which is the -subject of this memoir, and which now bears the title of the FIFTH, -OR PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS. - -A difference in religious views and opinions has often occasioned -long and sanguinary wars; and the accession of a Roman Catholic -Prince (James II.) to the throne of Great Britain, was an event so -little congenial to the feelings of a Protestant people, that James -Duke of Monmouth (natural son of King Charles II.) was induced, -by the persuasions of men who were disaffected to the existing -government, to make a daring attempt to dethrone his uncle, and to -gain the sovereignty of the kingdom. - -This event occurring at a time when the first feelings of alarm -at the appearance of a Papist on the throne had subsided, and -before the King had made any serious attack on the constitution or -established religion, the people were not prepared to throw off -their allegiance to their sovereign; consequently, while a few -thousands of disaffected persons joined the standard of rebellion, -much greater numbers arrayed themselves under the banners of -royalty. Many noblemen and gentlemen exerted themselves in raising -forces for the King; and it is stated in the public records, that -a number of the respectable yeomen and others who volunteered -their services in the royal cause, were incorporated into a troop -of horse by Charles Earl of Shrewsbury, at Litchfield; another -troop of horse was raised by Francis Lord Brudenel, at Kingston -upon Thames; a third by Sir Thomas Grosvenor, at Chester; a fourth -by Roger Pope, Esq., in the vicinity of Bridgnorth; a fifth by -Mr. Francis Spalding, at Bristol; and a sixth by the Honourable -John D'Arcy, (guidon of the second troop, now second regiment of -Life Guards,) in London. These formed part of an extensive body -of troops raised in a few weeks; but the rebellion was suppressed -by the old corps which the King had in his service, without the -aid of the new levies. His Majesty, however, looking forward to -the commotions which would probably follow the execution of the -attacks he was urged by his jesuitical councillors to make on the -established religion and laws, resolved to retain a considerable -portion of the newly-raised forces in his service; and these six -troops of horse were, on the 29th of July, 1685, constituted a -regiment of CUIRASSIERS, of which the EARL OF SHREWSBURY was -appointed Colonel, the Honourable John D'Arcy Lieutenant-Colonel, -and John Skelton, Esq., Major. This regiment ranked at that period -as SEVENTH HORSE; and is now the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS. - -The uniform and equipment of this corps, like that of the other -regiments of horse, were hats, long scarlet coats, jacked-leather -boots, cuirasses, iron head pieces, swords, pair of pistols, and -short carbines. Each corps had a distinguishing colour, then called -its regimental _livery_, and now styled its _facing_, and the -distinguishing colour of SHREWSBURY'S CUIRASSIERS was _buff_; the -men had their coats lined with buff shalloon, and their waistcoats, -breeches, ribands in their hats, and horse furniture, were of the -same colour. - -Soon after its formation the regiment marched into quarters near -Hounslow, and experienced officers were appointed to teach the men -the established military exercises; they formed two squadrons, -three troops in a squadron; but each troop had a standard of -buff-silk damask; and these loyal cavaliers, being mounted on -strong horses, had not only a warlike appearance, but they were -well calculated for a charge in line where weight and physical -power were necessary. The Cuirassiers had succeeded the ancient -Lancers (or Launces), formerly the highest class of military -force in Europe, and celebrated for valour, prowess, and feats -of chivalry. The Lancers were armed _cap à pié_, but the lance -having, to a great extent, been laid aside before the middle of -the seventeenth century, helmets, and armour on the limbs, were -also discontinued soon afterwards. The regiments of Horse, having -succeeded the ancient Lancers, were held in high estimation; and in -the succeeding reigns they acquired great celebrity. - -After having been twice reviewed by King James II. on Hounslow -Heath, the regiment marched into quarters in Warwickshire, where it -passed several months. - -The King, having acquired some practical knowledge of military -service in the civil war in France, and in the Netherlands, under -Marshals Turenne and the Prince of Condé, established several -useful regulations for the preservation of order and discipline -in his army; two experienced officers, Sir John Lanier and Sir -John Fenwick, were appointed Inspecting Generals of Cavalry; and -the first half-yearly inspection of this regiment was made by -Brigadier-General Sir John Fenwick, of the Life Guards, in its -quarters in Warwickshire. - -[Sidenote: 1686] - -While in these quarters, its establishment was fixed, by a royal -warrant dated the 1st of January, 1686, at the following numbers:-- - - +---------------------------------------------------------------------+ - | THE EARL OF SHREWSBURY'S REGIMENT OF HORSE. | - +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | FIELD AND STAFF-OFFICERS. | Per Diem. | - +-----------------------------------------------------+---------------+ - | | £.| _s._| _d._| - | | | | | - |The Colonel, _as Colonel_ | 0 | 12 | 0 | - |Lieutenant-Colonel, _as Lieut.-Colonel_ | 0 | 8 | 0 | - |The Major (_who has no troop_), for himself, } | | | | - | horses, and servants. } | 1 | 0 | 0 | - |Adjutant | 0 | 5 | 0 | - |Chaplaine | 0 | 6 | 8 | - |Chirurgeon iv^s per day, and j horse to carry } | | | | - | his chest, ij^s per day } | 0 | 6 | 0 | - |A Kettle-Drummer to the Colonel's troop. | 0 | 3 | 0 | - | +---+-----+-----+ - | | 3 | 0 | 8 | - | +---+-----+-----+ - | THE COLONEL'S TROOP. | | | | - | | | | | - |The Colonel, _as Captaine_, x^s per day, and } | | | | - | ij horses each at ij^s per day } | 0 | 14 | 0 | - |Lievtenant vi^s, and ij horses, each at ij^s | 0 | 10 | 0 | - |Cornett v^s, and ij horses, each at ij^s | 0 | 9 | 0 | - |Quarter-Master iv^s, and i horse, at ij^s | 0 | 6 | 0 | - |Three Corporals, each at iij^s per day | 0 | 9 | 0 | - |Two Trumpeters, each at ij^s viii^d | 0 | 5 | 4 | - |Forty Private Soldiers, each at ij^s vi^d per day. | 5 | 0 | 0 | - | +---+-----+-----+ - | | 7 | 13 | 4 | - |FIVE TROOPS MORE, of the same numbers, and at } | | | | - | the same rates of pay as the Colonel's troop } |38 | 6 | 8 | - | +---+-----+-----+ - | TOTAL FOR THIS REGIMENT PER DIEM |49 | 0 | 8 | - | +---+-----+-----+ - | PER ANNUM £17,897. 3_s._ 4_d._ | | | | - +-----------------------------------------------------+---+-----+-----+ - -The following officers were at this period holding commissions in -the regiment:-- - - +------+--------------------------+-----------------+------------------+ - |Troop.| Captains. | Lieutenants. | Cornets. | - +------+--------------------------+-----------------+------------------+ - | 1st. | Earl of Shrewsbury (Col.)| John Grosvenor | George Kellum. | - | 2d. | John Coy, (Lieut.-Col.) | James Bringfield| Hon. W. Brudenel.| - | 3d. | Sir Thomas Grosvenor | Henry Grosvenor | James Williamson.| - | 4th. | Roger Pope | Thomas Griffiths| Guy Forster. | - | 5th. | Francis Spalding | Thomas Doughty | William Rowley. | - | 6th. | Charles Orme | Thomas Manning | Ralph Pope. | - +------+--------------------------+-----------------+------------------+ - | John Skelton Major. | - | Samuel Bowles Chaplain. | - | James Arden Surgeon. | - | George Briscoe Adjutant. | - +----------------------------------------------------------------------+ - -The EARL OF SHREWSBURY'S CUIRASSIERS were withdrawn from their -country quarters in the summer of this year, and were encamped -with other forces on Hounslow Heath; where they were practised in -military evolutions, under the direction of Lieutenant-Generals the -Earls of Craven, Feversham, and Dumbarton; and were several times -reviewed by King James II.: in August they struck their tents and -marched to Buckingham and Wendover. - -[Sidenote: 1687] - -The King, being surrounded by Roman Catholic priests, soon gave -indication of his designs against the reformed religion; the -Earl of Shrewsbury, who was a stanch Protestant, resigned his -commission, and afterwards proceeded to Holland and joined the -Prince of Orange, to whom the nation began to look for deliverance -from popish tyranny. His Majesty appointed, in January, 1687, -Marmaduke Lord Langdale, to the Colonelcy of the regiment, who -was succeeded in the following month by the HONOURABLE RICHARD -HAMILTON, a Roman Catholic officer, from the Colonelcy of a -regiment of dragoons in Ireland. - -[Sidenote: 1688] - -From this period until that great national event, the Revolution in -1688, few circumstances occurred, in which Hamilton's regiment was -particularly concerned, worthy of being recorded in this memoir. It -was encamped on Hounslow Heath in the summer of 1687, and also in -that of 1688; and its Colonel being a Papist, the attempt made by -the King to introduce officers and soldiers of that religion into -the army, would, doubtless, meet with no obstruction in this corps. -The majority of the officers and men were, however, firmly attached -to the Protestant cause. - -The King had raised and equipped a fine army for the purpose of -making it subservient to his insidious designs; but the troops -proved faithful to the interests of their country and religion, -and an association of officers was secretly formed at the camp -on Hounslow Heath, in favour of the Prince of Orange, who was -preparing an army to invade England and to rescue the kingdom from -the power of the Papists. - -Information having been received of the designs of the Prince of -Orange, HAMILTON'S CUIRASSIERS were ordered to Ipswich, where -the Earl of Arran's regiment (now Fourth Dragoon Guards), and -the Queen's (now Third) Dragoons, commanded by Colonel Alexander -Cannon, were assembled under the orders of Major-General Sir John -Lanier, to preserve Landguard Fort, and to prevent the Prince -landing there; and two regiments of horse and one of dragoons were -stationed at Colchester to support this force, if necessary. Sir -John Lanier is stated by King James, in his memoirs, to have been -one of the associated officers, and to have resolved to seize on -the Earl of Arran, and Colonels Hamilton and Cannon, and to have -joined the Prince with the three regiments; but this arrangement, -in which King James states, in his memoirs, most of the officers -had agreed to co-operate, was rendered void by his Highness landing -at Torbay. - -HAMILTON'S CUIRASSIERS were afterwards ordered to march to the -metropolis, and from thence to Salisbury; but a general defection -appearing in the army, the King fled to France; the Prince of -Orange ordered the regiment to march to Fenny Stratford, and its -Colonel, the Honourable Richard Hamilton, was confined in the Tower -of London, for holding a commission for which he was disqualified -by law, he being a Papist. - -On the 31st of December, 1688, the Prince of Orange conferred the -Colonelcy of the regiment on the Lieutenant-Colonel, John Coy; and -during the eight succeeding years it bore the title of COY'S HORSE, -or CUIRASSIERS. - -All the Papists having been dismissed, the regiment received a -draft of one hundred men and horses from the Marquis of Miremont's -regiment of horse,--a corps which had been recently raised, and was -now disbanded. - -[Sidenote: 1689] - -These events were followed by the accession of William and Mary, -the Prince and Princess of Orange, to the throne; and the first -duty in which the regiment was called upon to engage under the new -dynasty, was the patrolling of the public roads to prevent highway -robberies, which, owing to the commotions recently experienced in -society, had become very frequent. It also furnished a detachment -to protect the King's herd of deer in the Forest of Dean against -the depredations of organized bands of deer-stealers. - -From these duties COY'S HORSE were soon relieved to engage in -military operations in Ireland, which country had become the -theatre of intestine war. The Papists were in arms in favour of -King James, who had arrived in Ireland with a body of troops -from France; and, following that system of cruelty which has -invariably been practised when religion has been the subject of -contention, the hapless Protestants, being the weaker party, had -been made to feel the full weight of Catholic vengeance. Many of -the Protestants, particularly in Inniskilling and Londonderry, had -taken arms. King William sent a body of troops under Duke Schomberg -to their aid, and COY'S HORSE embarked at Highlake, in Cheshire, in -the middle of August, 1689, for the same service. - -After landing at Belfast, the regiment was employed in covering -the siege of _Carrickfergus_, and had its post in the lines before -the town. This place having surrendered on the 28th of August, -a detachment of the regiment, commanded by Captain Sir William -Russel, escorted the garrison, consisting of two regiments of -foot, "all stout fellows, but ill clothed," the first stage -from the town; and such cruelties had been practised by the -Papists, that, according to Story, who was an eye-witness, the -troopers experienced some difficulty in preserving the Catholic -soldiers from being torn to pieces by the country people, who were -stimulated to revenge by the remembrance of past injuries. - -The regiment afterwards advanced with the army towards Newry, where -a party of the enemy was assembled, who, on the approach of the -English, set fire to the town, and retreated over the mountains to -Dundalk. The English passed the mountains on the following day, -when the enemy quitted Dundalk and retired to Atherdee, where the -main body of King James's army was assembled. - -Marshal Duke Schomberg, finding Dundalk to be a strong situation, -with a convenient harbour for obtaining supplies from England, -and knowing that the enemy's army was more than double his own in -numbers, formed an intrenched camp, where he resolved to continue -during the remainder of the campaign; but the ground where the -troops were encamped being low, and the weather proving wet, this -injudicious choice of situation proved so fatal to his army, that -the infantry corps lost half their men from disease. COY'S HORSE -remained at Dundalk upwards of a month, and afterwards proceeded -to Carlingford for the convenience of forage. During the winter, -detached parties had frequent encounters with the bands of armed -Papists who prowled the country, committing every description of -outrage; and an out-guard of the regiment, posted in the pass of -Newry, was sharply engaged with a party of the enemy, who attempted -to force the pass, but were repulsed with loss, the gallant English -Cuirassiers proving more than a match for their antagonists. - -[Sidenote: 1690] - -In June, 1690, King William arrived in Ireland to command the army -in person, and the regiment was now called upon to serve under the -eye of its sovereign. This circumstance is said to have given rise -to a laudable feeling of emulation in all ranks of the army, and -the troopers longed for an opportunity to distinguish themselves in -presence of their King. The desired opportunity soon occurred; the -King, advancing up to the banks of the _Boyne_, found the enemy in -position on the opposite side of the river, and the troops prepared -for battle. This regiment was with His Majesty on the evening -preceding the battle, while reconnoitring the enemy's position, and -was exposed to a cannonade, on which occasion the King was wounded -in the shoulder, and the regiment had three men and nine horses -killed. - -Early on the 1st of July, as the rays of morning-light shed their -lustre on the camp, the English and Dutch troops appeared in -motion, every man displaying a green branch in his hat; and soon -the columns were seen advancing towards the Boyne, their glittering -arms, waving plumes, and floating banners, exhibiting all the pomp -of war: the French and Irish stood to their arms and prepared to -defend their post. COY'S HORSE, forming part of the cavalry of the -right wing, were in the column which forded the river near Slane -Bridge; some opposition was made by a regiment of Irish dragoons, -which was attacked, and its commanding officer and about 70 men -killed. After passing the river, the troops advanced through large -corn-fields, crossed several deep ditches, and overcoming every -obstacle with an ardour which bespoke the valour and confidence -which glowed in every breast, the enemy's left wing was dismayed -and retreated towards Duleck. COY'S HORSE were amongst the -squadrons which galloped forward in pursuit, and charging the Irish -foot, cut them down with a great slaughter. While these events were -transpiring on the right, King William passed the river with the -main body of his forces: the enemy was overpowered at every point, -and His Majesty stood triumphant on the field of battle. King James -fled to Dublin, and afterwards to France, and was followed by the -French troops; but the Irish Papists resolved to maintain his cause -to the last extremity. - -COY'S HORSE advanced with King William to Dublin, and were -afterwards with the army before _Limerick_, during the unsuccessful -siege of that place, when His Majesty returned to England, the -regiment went into quarters near Cork. - -[Sidenote: 1691] - -In the depth of the winter an incursion into the enemy's -cantonments was resolved upon; and the regiment having joined -the forces selected for that service, advanced, on the 31st of -December, into the county of Kerry. On arriving near Brewsterfield, -the van-guard, consisting of a troop of this regiment and one of -Eppinger's Dragoons, encountered a party of 160 of the enemy's -cavalry. COY'S HORSE and the dragoons instantly drew their swords, -and advanced to charge their opponents, who fled in a panic. -Continuing its route, the detachment took a number of prisoners, -also drove seven troops of Irish horse and twenty-one of dragoons -from Tralee, and afterwards returned to its quarters. - -When the army took the field in the summer of 1691, COY'S HORSE -were left in dispersed quarters in the county of Cork to overawe -the disaffected, and to check the depredations of the bands of -Papists, whose proceedings were very injurious to the Protestants; -the regiment was, consequently, not at the battle of Aghrim, but it -afterwards joined the army near _Limerick_, and was employed in the -siege of that place. - -On the 16th of September, a squadron of the regiment, with a strong -party of dragoons and infantry, crossed the Shannon by a pontoon -bridge before break of day, surprised and defeated a body of the -enemy, and captured a standard; also surprised the troops in the -camp near the town, and forced them to make a precipitate flight -to the mountains. On the 24th of the same month, a cessation of -hostilities took place, which ended in a treaty, and the authority -of King James was extinguished in Ireland. - -[Sidenote: 1692] - -[Sidenote: 1693] - -The regiment, having thus performed its part in reducing Ireland to -submission to the authority of King William, embarked at Belfast -in the beginning of 1692, and after its arrival in England it -was quartered at Huntingdon, Chester, and St. Ives; from whence -it proceeded to the vicinity of London, and, for a short time, -assisted the Life Guards in performing the escort duty for the -royal family. It was, however, allowed but a short period of home -service before it was called upon to take the field against a -foreign enemy. - -King William was engaged in a war to restrain the ambitious designs -of Louis XIV. of France, who sought to become the dictator of -Europe and the destroyer of the reformed religion. After the severe -loss sustained by the confederates at the battle of Landen, in -1693, the British monarch gave orders for Colonel Coy to proceed -with his regiment of horse to the Netherlands, and to join the army -in that country. - -[Sidenote: 1694] - -On its arrival in Flanders, the regiment was placed in quarters at -Ghent; from whence it marched to Tirlemont, and, joining the army -commanded by King William in person, took part in the operations of -the long and toilsome campaign of 1694, but was not engaged in any -action of importance. - -[Sidenote: 1695] - -In the following year the regiment formed part of the covering army -during the siege of the strong and important fortress of _Namur_, -which was superintended by King William in person. Two magnificent -armies confronted each other, and manœuvred, the one to prevent, -and the other to ensure, the capture of this strong fortress; and -it was eventually taken by the forces commanded by His Britannic -Majesty. About a month after the surrender of the castle of Namur, -the regiment marched into quarters at Ghent. - -[Sidenote: 1696] - -King William reviewed the regiment near Ghent, in May, 1696, and -expressed his approbation of its appearance. During this summer -it formed part of the army of Flanders, under the orders of the -veteran Prince of Vaudemont, and was encamped for several months on -the canal between Ghent and Bruges, and its services were limited -to defensive measures for the preservation of these two places, and -the maritime towns of Flanders from the attacks of the enemy. On -the 4th of October, the regiment returned to its former station at -Ghent. - -[Sidenote: 1697] - -From Ghent the regiment marched in May, 1697, to join the army of -Brabant, and was encamped a short time at St. Quintin Linneck. -The French besieged the town of Aeth; and a body of troops was -sent out, under Brigadier-General Lumley, to make a reconnoissance -towards _Enghien_, with the view of attacking the French army -and raising the siege. A detachment of COY'S HORSE, commanded by -Sir William Russel, formed the advance-guard on this occasion; -and when on the march, he encountered a party of French hussars, -carabiniers, and dragoons. Upon notice of the approach of the -enemy, the main body of the British force concealed itself in the -wood, and formed an ambush; and the advance-guard retiring, the -French advanced boldly forward, and were nearly every man killed or -taken prisoner. - -The design of relieving Aeth was afterwards laid aside; King -William retired, and subsequently took up a position before -Brussels. - -Colonel John Coy having obtained His Majesty's permission to -dispose of the Colonelcy of the regiment to CHARLES EARL OF -ARRAN,[7] brother of the Duke of Ormond, his lordship was appointed -to the regiment on the 1st of July, 1697; and during the succeeding -five years it was styled ARRAN'S HORSE. - -King William, after waging war for the good of Europe a period of -nine years, had the satisfaction of seeing his endeavours succeeded -by a treaty of peace, which was signed at Ryswick in September of -this year. - -[Sidenote: 1698] - -Shortly after this event, ARRAN'S HORSE were ordered to return to -England, where they arrived in January, 1698, and were quartered at -Coventry, Daventry, and Towcester. - -[Sidenote: 1699] - -[Sidenote: 1700] - -The army in England having been reduced by the House of Commons to -the low establishment of seven thousand men, King William was under -the necessity of disbanding several corps, and of sending others to -Ireland. This regiment was one of the corps selected to proceed to -Ireland, where it arrived in the summer of 1700, and its numbers -were reduced to thirty-six private men per troop. - -[Sidenote: 1701] - -The repose granted to Europe by the treaty of Ryswick was, however, -of short duration. Louis XIV. of France, procured the accession -of his grandson, the Duke of Anjou, to the throne of Spain; this -virtual union of two powerful states, rekindled the flame of war; -and the EARL OF ARRAN'S regiment was one of the cavalry corps -ordered to be augmented to fifty-seven private men per troop, and -held in readiness to proceed on foreign service; but so great was -the difficulty experienced in raising an army of sufficient numbers -to meet the exigence of the nation on this sudden emergency, that -only three troops of the regiment could, in the first instance, be -spared from Ireland. - -[Sidenote: 1702] - -These three troops landed at Highlake, in Cheshire, in the -beginning of March, 1702, and marching to London, embarked in -transports on the river Thames in the beginning of April, and -sailed for Holland. - -The decease of King William, who might justly be styled the -protector of the reformed religion, and the accession of Queen -Anne, produced no alteration in the foreign policy of the -British court. The war was prosecuted with vigour, and the three -troops of ARRAN'S HORSE, forming one squadron, were attached to -Brigadier-General Wood's regiment (now Third Dragoon Guards), and -served the campaign of this year under the Earl of Marlborough. -The British horse, had, however no opportunity of signalizing -themselves in action this year; their services being limited to -out-post duty, and covering the sieges of _Venloo_, _Ruremonde_, -_Stevenswaert_, and the famous city of _Liege_, which fortresses -were captured by the British commander. - -[Sidenote: 1703] - -The Earl of Arran having been promoted to the Colonelcy of the -third troop of Life Guards, Queen Anne conferred the command -of the regiment on BRIGADIER-GENERAL CADOGAN (afterwards EARL -CADOGAN), from the Sixth, or Inniskilling Dragoons, by commission, -dated the 2d of March, 1703. - -The three troops of the regiment on foreign service, now bearing -the title of CADOGAN'S HORSE, continued to serve throughout the -campaign of this year with Brigadier-General Wood's regiment. -In a slight skirmish near _Haneff_, in the beginning of June, a -small detachment evinced the martial spirit and valour of British -troopers; and in the various movements of the army before the -enemy, the national character was fully sustained. The French -commanders avoided an engagement, and after covering the sieges of -_Huy_ and _Limburg_, CADOGAN'S HORSE went into quarters for the -winter in Holland. - -[Sidenote: 1704] - -In the beginning of the following year the other three troops of -the regiment were withdrawn from Ireland, and after occupying -quarters a short time at Northampton, embarked (4th April, 1704) -for Holland. - -The six troops were thus united in time for the whole regiment -to take part in the glorious exploits of the campaign of 1704, -in which that noble ardour and chivalric spirit which has raised -Britain to its present exalted station among the nations of -Europe, were displayed by the army under the Duke of Marlborough -in a signal manner. Confidence in the commander has always given -additional life and vigour to innate valour, and the troops having -already proved the military virtues of their leader, the great -Marlborough was enabled to march his forces from the ocean to the -Danube, and to gain new honours in the heart of Germany. - -This enterprise was undertaken in consequence of the armies of -France and Bavaria having united against the Emperor of Germany, -and the British general advanced to the aid of the house of -Austria, which was thus menaced by a force which it was unable to -withstand. Quitting the territory of the Dutch republic the army -crossed the Rhine, and traversed the various states of Germany with -a degree of order and regularity which bespoke a high state of -discipline, united with excellent arrangements, while the nations -of Europe gazed with astonishment at the undertaking. - -Having arrived at the theatre of war and joined the Imperial -army, the first action of importance was the attack of a body -of French and Bavarians commanded by the Count d'Arco, at their -entrenched camp on the lofty heights of _Schellenberg_, on the 2d -of July. On this occasion the cavalry supported the attacks of the -infantry, and when the enemy was forced from the entrenchments, the -brilliant charge of the English horse, and Royal Scots Dragoons -(the Greys) completed the overthrow; the hostile army lost its -colours, cannon, and baggage, and numbers of French and Bavarians -fell beneath the conquering sabres of the British horsemen, who -chased their adversaries to the banks of the Danube, and captured -many prisoners. CADOGAN'S HORSE were commanded on this occasion -by Lieutenant-Colonel George Kellum, and had Major Napier,[8] -Lieutenant Tettefall, and several private men wounded; and -sustained a serious loss in troop horses, from having been exposed -to a heavy cannonade: their Colonel, Brigadier-General Cadogan, was -also wounded. - -This action was the precursor of a greater overthrow to the forces -of the enemy, who made efforts to retrieve his affairs; new armies -and new generals appeared; but these only served to augment the -splendour of victory, and to enhance the value of the conquerors in -the estimation of the world. The action was fought in the valley of -the Danube, near the village of _Blenheim_, on the 13th of August, -and the English horsemen, who during the two preceding campaigns -had panted for an opportunity to signalize themselves, had a fair -field in which to display their valour and prowess, and they gave -undeniable proofs of their good qualities. The Gallo-Bavarian army -was destroyed; its commander, Marshal Tallard, and many entire -battalions and squadrons were made prisoners of war; and the field -of battle was literally covered with trophies. - -The victory was most complete and decisive, and it was not gained -over new levies; but over an army of veterans fully instructed in -the art of war,--select troops flushed with former successes, and -commanded by generals of great bravery and experience.[9] This -regiment had only one officer (Lieutenant Groubere) killed; its -loss in non-commissioned officers and private men has not been -recorded. - -The regiment took part in the subsequent operations of the main -army; and after covering the siege of _Laudan_, it marched back to -Holland for winter quarters. - -[Sidenote: 1705] - -In the following summer the regiment marched with the army -through the Duchy of Juliers, and crossed the Moselle and the -Saar, in order to carry on the war in Alsace; but the Duke of -Marlborough, being disappointed of the promised co-operation of the -Imperialists, marched back to the Netherlands. - -The French had, with much labour and art, constructed a line -of fortifications of many miles extent to cover their recently -acquired territory in the Spanish Netherlands, and CADOGAN'S HORSE -having been selected to form part of the division to be employed -in forcing these lines, had an opportunity of distinguishing -themselves, and their valour shone forth with as bright a lustre -as in any of the heroes in the ancient days of chivalry. The -British commander, having by skilful movements succeeded in -drawing the main body of the French army from the point selected -for the attack, forced the lines at _Helixem_ and _Neer-Hespen_ -at day-break on the morning of the 18th of July, and the pioneers -levelled a space for the cavalry to pass over; but scarcely had -the British horse passed the barriers, when the Marquis d'Allegre -appeared with fifty squadrons of cavalry and twenty battalions of -infantry to drive back the British forces. The sun had risen, and -the French army was in full march to oppose this sudden attack on -their lines; hence every moment was of importance, and a sharp fire -of musketry having forced the enemy from a hollow way, the Duke of -Marlborough ordered forward his heavy cavalry to charge the hostile -horsemen. The two squadrons of this regiment led the attack with -their characteristic gallantry, and were opposed to adversaries of -valour and renown,--the famous Bavarian Horse Grenadier Guards. -Against these celebrated antagonists CADOGAN'S HORSE advanced; -the weight and power of their compact line were irresistible, -and the Bavarians were broken at the first shock; but they soon -rallied, and renewing the conflict with increasing ardour, gained -a temporary advantage. At this critical juncture the Duke of -Marlborough was separated from his troops and in imminent danger, -when CADOGAN'S HORSE, exasperated at the momentary repulse, and -still more so at the peril of their renowned chief, returned to the -charge; the grand spectacle of two spirited corps of heavy cavalry -rushing upon each other with reckless fury, was soon followed by -the clash of swords and shouts of the combatants as they fought -hand to hand with sanguinary fury; but British prowess and British -valour soon proved triumphant, and the Bavarians were overpowered -and fled before the conquering sabres of CADOGAN'S troopers, who -chased their adversaries from the field, took many prisoners, and -captured _four standards_. In their flight the hostile horsemen -rode over two battalions of their own foot, and these battalions -were severely handled by the British horse. Finally, the enemy was -routed; the Marquis d'Allegre, and many officers and men were made -prisoners, and this gallant enterprise was attended with complete -success. - -On this occasion the regiment, which forms the subject of this -memoir, gained great honour; the Duke of Marlborough observed in -one of his letters,--"_Never men fought better!_" and in his public -despatch he states, "_They acquitted themselves with a bravery -surpassing all that could have been hoped of them_." The author -of the Annals of Queen Anne observed:--"All the troops of the -confederates behaved themselves with great bravery and resolution; -but among the HORSE the regiment of Brigadier CADOGAN distinguished -themselves, having had the honour to charge first, which they did -with that success, that they defeated four squadrons of Bavarian -Guards, drove them through two battalions of their own foot, and -took four standards; and this with the loss only of Lieutenant -Austin and some few men killed." - -The following description of the standards captured on this -occasion is copied from the London Gazette. - -"Nine standards of blue satin, richly embroidered with the Bavarian -arms; six belonging to the Elector's own troops, and three to those -of Cologne, having the following devices and mottoes." - -1st. A laurel; motto, _Aut Coronari aut rumpi_. - -2d. An olive-tree on a rock; motto, _Per Ardua Laurus_. - -3d. A pillar reaching to the clouds; motto, _Tantum Umbra movetur_. - -4th. A bear rampant; motto, _Ex Vulnere Crudelior_. - -5th. A dove with a laurel branch; motto, _Uni servo fidem_. - -6th. A chaos; motto, _Obstantia firmant_. - -7th. A helmet with a feather on a pedestal; motto, _Ex duris -Gloria_. - -8th. An olive-tree shading serpents; motto, _Nocet Umbra nocenti_. - -9th. A standard of the Elector's guards with the colour torn to -pieces. - -Four of these standards were taken by CADOGAN'S HORSE; the corps -which captured the other five standards are not specified. - -[Illustration: Brigadier-General Cadogan's Horse forcing the French -Lines, 18th July, 1705:-- - -NOW FIFTH (THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S) REGIMENT OF DRAGOON -GUARDS.] - -[Sidenote: 1706] - -After this victory the regiment was employed in several manœuvres; -but it was not engaged in any action of importance until the -battle of _Ramilies_, fought on Whit-Sunday, the 23d of May, -1706, when the French, Bavarians, and Spaniards, commanded by -Marshal Villeroy and the Elector of Bavaria, sustained another -decisive overthrow, and CADOGAN'S HORSE acquired new laurels -in the contest. On this occasion the English cavalry were kept -in reserve near the heights of Foulz until towards the close of -the action, when they were brought forward, and the weight and -fury of the charge of these heavy horsemen were irresistible; the -enemy's squadrons and battalions were broken; and the British -troopers,--strong men on powerful horses,--smote their antagonists -to the ground with a dreadful slaughter. The victorious squadrons -pursued their adversaries throughout the night, capturing officers -and soldiers, colours, standards, and cannon; and thus, in a few -hours, the French monarch's fine and well-appointed army was -nearly annihilated, and its commanders escaped from the field with -difficulty. - -This glorious victory was followed by the submission of a great -part of Spanish Brabant and Flanders to the house of Austria; and -in a few days after the battle, this regiment was selected to form -part of a detachment commanded by its Colonel, Brigadier-General -Cadogan, sent from the main army, to summon _Antwerp_, which place -was surrendered on the 7th of June. - -The regiment was subsequently employed in the blockade of -_Dendermond_, and continued before that town until its surrender on -the 5th of September. - -[Sidenote: 1707] - -During the campaigns from 1702 to 1706 the British regiments of -horse had not worn cuirasses. In the preceding century armour had, -as already stated, fallen, to a great extent, into disuse; several -English regiments of heavy cavalry delivered their cuirasses into -the Tower of London in November, 1688; but subsequently had them -returned: they were, however, again placed in store after the peace -of Ryswick. The French and other continental nations had continued -the use of defensive armour, and it having been observed that the -English heavy cavalry, though they proved victorious, frequently -sustained a very serious loss in killed, they were, in order to -place them on an equality with their antagonists, again supplied -with cuirasses in the spring of 1707. - -In the summer of this year, when the regiment took the field, it -again appeared as a corps of CUIRASSIERS: the campaign was passed -in manœuvring; and the French acting on the defensive, a few -skirmishes between detached parties was all the fighting which took -place. - -[Sidenote: 1708] - -The following campaign was, however, distinguished by more -important events. The enemy assembled an immense army, and -advancing from behind their lines, gained possession of Ghent -and Bruges (which places had been wrested from them in 1706), -and advanced to _Oudenarde_, with the design of besieging that -town. The Duke of Marlborough sent Major-General Cadogan forward -with three brigades of infantry and eight squadrons of Hanoverian -cavalry, and following with the main army, this movement brought on -a general engagement, which was fought in the ground near the banks -of the Scheldt on the 11th of July. The reputation already acquired -by the British regiments of horse, occasioned them to be accounted -a choice body of troops; and they were kept in reserve ready to -advance at the moment when a powerful charge of heavy cavalry was -likely to prove decisive. For a short time they were formed in -column behind the right wing; and advancing from thence, supported -the attacks of the infantry; but the enemy was overpowered, and -darkness put an end to the conflict before this compact body of -CUIRASSIERS was called upon to charge. - -After this victory, the Duke of Marlborough was joined by a body -of Germans, under the orders of Prince Eugene of Savoy, and, to -the astonishment of all Europe, these two commanders resolved to -besiege the important fortress of _Lisle_. CADOGAN'S CUIRASSIERS -formed part of the covering army, and the attempts of the enemy to -raise the siege were all frustrated. - -Six hundred waggons, laden with necessaries for the army, were -advancing from Ostend towards Lisle, under an escort commanded -by Major-General Webb; and the enemy having detached twenty-two -thousand men to intercept this convoy, the Duke of Marlborough sent -Major-General Cadogan with a body of horse to reinforce the guard, -and this regiment formed part of the force sent forward. The enemy -attacked the convoy in the wood of _Wynendale_, and Major-General -Webb made a most skilful and gallant defence. As this regiment -approached the wood, the noise of combat was heard; the squadrons -galloped forward, and the moment they arrived at the scene of -conflict, the French desisted, and made a precipitate retreat; and -the waggons were brought in safety to the camp. The fate of Lisle -depended, in a great measure, on the safe arrival of this convoy; -and Major-General Webb was rewarded with the thanks of Parliament -and the approbation of Queen Anne for his conduct. - -The siege of _Lisle_ was continued, and the enemy being unable to -relieve the place, resolved to make an attack upon Brussels. The -covering army, of which CADOGAN'S CUIRASSIERS formed part, was put -in motion; and having forced the passage of the _Scheldt_, the -Elector of Bavaria raised the siege of Brussels and retreated. The -citadel of Lisle surrendered on the 9th of December, and Ghent and -Bruges were also recaptured before the army entered into winter -quarters. - -[Sidenote: 1709] - -In the summer of 1709, when the siege of the strong fortress of -_Tournay_ was resolved upon, this was one of the regiments which -first invested the town on the 27th of June, 1709. After the -capture of this place, the army advanced towards Mons, the capital -of the province of Hainault, with the design of capturing that -important city. The French army, commanded by Marshals Villiers -and Boufflers, manœuvred to prevent the loss of Mons, and this -brought on the sanguinary battle of _Malplaquet_, where the British -regiments of horse encountered enemies who fought with greater -spirit and obstinacy than on any former occasion during this war. -This battle was fought on the 11th of September, 1709. The enemy -had an advantageous position, covered by thick woods, protected -by barriers of trees cut down and laid across each other, with a -treble entrenchment, batteries, and pallisades; and within these -formidable works were collected the choicest troops of France under -commanders of renown. This post was attacked with a bravery which -overcame all opposition; the woods were pierced, the obstacles -were overcome, and the fortifications were trampled down. The -position having been forced, the Duke of Marlborough led the -British CUIRASSIERS and Prussian cavalry against the French gens -d'armes, who were routed and chased from the ground; but scarcely -were these squadrons overcome, when the British and Prussian -horse encountered a compact line of French cavalry of the royal -household, and were driven back in some disorder. The British -horse soon rallied, and returning to the charge, overcame their -celebrated adversaries, and the French squadrons were driven from -the field. The allies were victorious, but they sustained a severe -loss in killed and wounded. - -CADOGAN'S HORSE were afterwards employed in covering the siege of -_Mons_, which was terminated by the surrender of the place on the -20th of October. - -[Sidenote: 1710] - -During the campaign of 1710, the regiment was employed in covering -the sieges of _Douay_, _Bethune_, _Aire_, and _St. Venant_, and in -protecting convoys of military stores to the besieging troops. - -[Sidenote: 1711] - -In the summer of 1711, the imperialists, under Prince Eugene, -having returned to Germany, the Duke of Marlborough confronted -the French army with the forces under his orders. The French had -constructed very extensive and strong lines of fortifications to -cover their frontiers, and within these lines they had collected -a numerous army. The Duke, by a skilful device, induced them -to destroy their fort at Arleux; and then, by menacing their -lines between the head of the Sanzet and Hesdin, caused them to -withdraw part of their garrisons from Arras and Cambray, with the -troops which guarded the lines in the direction of Arleux. In the -mean time his grace was continually sending detachments towards -Douay, where a considerable body of troops was assembled without -attracting notice, and amongst these forces were the two squadrons -of CADOGAN'S CUIRASSIERS. Having reconnoitred the lines on the -4th of August, the Duke gave orders for the troops to prepare -for the attack on the following morning, and the French army -prepared to receive him with eclat; but at the dead of the night, -Lieutenant-General Cadogan, having advanced with great secrecy -with the troops from Douay, passed the lines at the causeway of -_Arleux_, which the French commander, in his anxiety to collect -all the troops he could to resist the menaced attack, had left -unguarded; and the main army struck its tents in the night, and -marched in the same direction. When Marshal Villiers heard that his -lines were passed, he was astounded. He took with him the household -cavalry, and, ordering his army to follow as quickly as possible, -rode with all speed, until he came within the English out-guards, -and his feelings were so excited, that he was nearly surrounded -by a troop of CADOGAN'S HORSE before he was conscious of danger; -he had proceeded with such rapidity that the whole of his escort, -except a hundred of the best mounted dragoons, was left behind; he -ordered these dragoons to throw themselves into the old castle of -Oisy, which was at hand, and himself and two officers of his staff -escaped; but the dragoons were surrounded and made prisoners. - -Having thus passed these extensive lines, which the French -commander had vauntingly called Marlborough's _ne plus ultra_, his -grace besieged the strong and important fortress of _Bouchain_, -situate on the Scheldt, in the taking of which place, difficulties -of great magnitude had to be overcome. Marshal Villiers, by a -secret march, during the night of the 9th of August, gained -possession of the heights of _Wavrechin_, in order to preserve the -line of communication which runs from thence, through a morass -between the Scheldt and the Senset, to the town of Bouchain, that -he might be enabled to relieve the garrison from time to time. -The Duke of Marlborough, observing the enemy at work, throwing up -entrenchments on the hill, ordered Lieutenant-Generals Cadogan and -Fagel to march with a body of troops, of which CADOGAN'S HORSE -formed part, to dislodge the French. As the British grenadiers -advanced to the attack, his grace rode forwards to reconnoitre -the works on the hill; and observing that the entrenchment was a -perfect bulwark, strong and lofty, and crouded with men and cannon, -he gave orders for the troops to retire. - -On the following day Marshal Villiers issued from the works with -a hundred hussars, to observe the progress of his opponent, and -encountered Lieutenant-General Cadogan, who was reconnoitering -with a squadron of horse. A skirmish ensued, and four squadrons of -French carabineers advanced to aid the marshal. Cadogan, being -thus out-numbered, made a precipitate retreat, which occasioned -the enemy to pursue with great eagerness. Meanwhile, CADOGAN'S -HORSE and two other squadrons, advanced from the camp, and formed -up beyond the summit of a rising ground, where they were out of -the enemy's sight; and the moment the French carabineers appeared -on the top of the hill, they were charged by Cadogan's squadrons -with such resolution, that they were immediately broken. Marshal -Villiers was in danger of being surrounded and taken prisoner, but -a French brigadier-general interposed, with singular bravery, and -rescued the marshal. The gallant brigadier was severely wounded -and taken prisoner, and most of his men cut down by the British -CUIRASSIERS; and Marshal Villiers galloped back with his shattered -squadrons with greater haste than he had advanced. - -Fortifications were afterwards constructed, with a causeway through -the inundations, and the communication between the town of Bouchain -and the troops on the heights of Wavrechin was cut off. The siege -was prosecuted with zeal and energy, and Marshal Villiers and -a numerous French army were spectators of the capture of this -important fortress. After the works were repaired and the place put -in a state of defence, the troops were placed in winter quarters. - -The splendid successes of the army commanded by the Duke of -Marlborough, who never fought a battle which he did not win, nor -besieged a town which he did not capture, had effected a complete -revolution in the affairs of Europe, and the King of France saw his -generals over-matched,--his armies beaten and dispirited,--his -possessions wrested from him,--the barriers of his kingdom trampled -down,--his fortresses captured, and a powerful army, with an -invincible leader, ready to carry all the horrors of war into the -heart of France: with his designs thus frustrated, and his kingdom -thus menaced, the ambitious Louis XIV., who had thought to have -dictated laws to christendom, became a negociator for peace. - -[Sidenote: 1712] - -In the summer of 1712, while the conditions of the treaty were -under consideration, the regiment again took the field, and, -advancing to the frontiers of France, formed part of the army under -the orders of the Duke of Ormond, and encamped at Cateau-Cambresis -during the siege of _Quesnoy_. - -A suspension of hostilities was soon afterwards published between -the British and French, and the army retired from Cateau-Cambresis -to Ghent, where the English CUIRASSIERS and several other corps -were encamped for a short time, and afterwards were placed in -quarters. - -Political events connected with the amity which had been induced -between the British and French courts, in consequence of a change -of measures; the conditions of the treaty of peace then under -consideration; and the disagreement between the Duke of Marlborough -and Queen Anne; occasioned Lieutenant-General Cadogan, who was a -stanch Protestant and a warm advocate for the succession of the -house of Hanover, to be called upon to dispose of his commission; -and he was succeeded in the Colonelcy of this regiment by -Lieutenant-General GEORGE KELLUM, who had been many years the -Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment, and whose commission as Colonel -was dated 22nd of December, 1712. - -[Sidenote: 1713] - -[Sidenote: 1714] - -The regiment, now styled KELLUM'S HORSE, was placed upon the -Irish establishment in June, 1713; but it remained in comfortable -quarters in Flanders until the early part of the year 1714, when it -embarked for Ireland. The treaty of peace having been concluded, -the troopers of this regiment could look back with triumph and -exultation at their brilliant career during the late eventful and -important war; and although there were circumstances connected -with the conduct of their government calculated to produce painful -feelings, yet, conscious of their own merit and justly acquired -fame, the officers and soldiers could rejoice that, by their -well-directed exertions, they had humbled the enemies of their -country, the British troops had become celebrated for valour and -intrepidity throughout Europe, and that the turmoil and horrors of -war were succeeded by the blessings and enjoyments of peace. - -[Sidenote: 1715] - -[Sidenote: 1716] - -After its arrival in Ireland, the regiment was stationed for a -short time at Dublin; and having been thus removed from the scenes -of conflict and bloodshed in which it had for several years been -engaged, to the more pacific and easy duties of home service, the -CUIRASSES were again returned into store. Ireland was not, however, -in a state of internal tranquillity; the decease of Queen Anne and -the accession of King George I. were followed by great exertions on -the part of the friends of the house of Stuart, who were numerous -in Ireland; and when the rebellion broke out in Scotland in 1715, -and extended itself to England, this event gave buoyancy to the -expectations of the malcontents in Ireland. The troops in Ireland -were kept in a state of constant readiness for active service; -several corps embarked for England, and the fidelity of the ARMY -preserved the kingdom from anarchy and papal domination; by the -exertions of the troops the rebellion was suppressed, and the -country restored to tranquillity. - -[Sidenote: 1717] - -In the spring of 1717, Lieutenant-General George Kellum retired -from the service, and King George I. was graciously pleased to -confer the Colonelcy on the Lieutenant-Colonel, ROBERT NAPIER, -who was celebrated for his conduct at the head of the regiment in -several actions in the Netherlands, and was wounded in the action -at Schellenberg. - -About this period, the distinguishing colour, or facing of the -regiment, was changed from _buff_ to _green_, and it has continued -of this colour to the present time (1838); its lace was also -changed from _silver_ to _gold_. The men having _green_ waistcoats, -breeches, and horse furniture, the regiment was emphatically styled -the GREEN HORSE, and this appellation has been continued to the -present time. - -[Sidenote: 1718] - -[Sidenote: 1740] - -The regiment remained in Ireland performing a successive routine -of court and country duties, at the establishment of twenty-five -private men per troop, until 1740, when an augmentation of ten men -per troop was made to its numbers. - -After the decease of Lieutenant-General Robert Napier, King George -II. conferred the Colonelcy of the regiment on Major-General -Clement Neville, from the Eighth Dragoons, his commission bearing -date the 6th of May, 1740. - -[Sidenote: 1741] - -[Sidenote: 1742] - -[Sidenote: 1743] - -[Sidenote: 1744] - -Another war having broken out on the continent, the establishment -of the regiment received a further addition of ten men per troop -in 1741. In the following year a British army was sent to Flanders -under Field-Marshal the Earl of Stair; but the necessity for -retaining a considerable body of troops in Ireland, occasioned this -regiment to remain in that country. It, however, sent a detachment -of sixty men and horses to Flanders in the beginning of 1743, to -complete the three regiments of horse on foreign service, and -another detachment was sent in 1744. - -[Sidenote: 1745] - -Lieutenant-General Neville died on the 5th of August, 1744, and -was succeeded in the Colonelcy of the regiment by Richard Viscount -Cobham, who, when Sir Richard Temple, highly distinguished himself -in the wars of Queen Anne. He was removed in 1745 to the Tenth -Dragoons, when His Majesty conferred the command of this regiment -on Major-General Thomas Wentworth, from the Twenty-fourth Foot. - -[Sidenote: 1746] - -When this regiment was first raised, it ranked as SEVENTH HORSE; -in 1690, the Fifth regiment of Horse was disbanded in Ireland, -and the Sixth Horse became Fifth, and this regiment obtained rank -as SIXTH HORSE, which rank it held until December, 1746, when the -First Horse,--the royal regiment of Horse Guards,--ceased to bear -a number: the Second, Third, and Fourth Horse were then constituted -the First, Second, and Third Dragoon Guards; and this regiment was -styled the SECOND IRISH HORSE, and sometimes called the GREEN HORSE -from the colour of its facings. - -[Sidenote: 1747] - -In 1747, Major-General Thomas Wentworth died at Turin, where he -was employed in a diplomatic capacity, and was succeeded in the -Colonelcy of the SECOND IRISH HORSE, by Major-General Thomas Bligh, -from the Twelfth Dragoons. - -[Sidenote: 1748] - -[Sidenote: 1749] - -On the conclusion of a treaty of peace at Aix-la-Chapelle, a -considerable diminution was made in the strength of the regular -army, and in 1749 the establishment of the SECOND IRISH HORSE was -reduced to twenty-one private men per troop. - -[Sidenote: 1751] - -From the period of the formation of the regiment, several -alterations had, from time to time, been made in the uniform and -standards. The practice of having a standard to each troop had -been discontinued, and one to each squadron was substituted. In -1742, King George II. caused a series of coloured engravings, -representing the uniform of the several regiments of the army to -be executed; and, as a few alterations had subsequently been made, -a warrant was issued on the 1st of July, 1751, regulating the -standards, colours, and clothing of the several regiments, from -which the following particulars have been extracted relative to the -SECOND IRISH HORSE:-- - -COATS.--Scarlet, the facings and lapels of full green; the -button-holes worked with yellow, the buttons set on two and two; -and a long slash pocket in each skirt. - - WAISTCOATS} - } full green. - BREECHES } - -HATS.--Three-cornered cocked-hats, bound with yellow lace, and -ornamented with a brass loop and a black cockade. - -BOOTS.--Made of jacked leather. - -TRUMPETERS.--Clothed in full green coats, faced and lapelled with -red, and ornamented with white lace, having a red stripe down the -middle: their waistcoats and breeches of red cloth. - -HORSE FURNITURE of full green; the holster caps and housings having -a border of broad white lace with a red worm down the centre, and -II/H embroidered on a red ground, within a wreath of roses and -thistles on each corner of the housings; and on the holster caps, -the King's cypher and crown, with II/H underneath. - -STANDARDS.--The first, or King's standard, to be of crimson damask, -embroidered and fringed with gold; the rose and thistle conjoined, -and crown over them in the centre; and underneath, His Majesty's -motto, _Dieu et mon droit_: the white horse in a compartment in -the first and fourth corners, and II/H in gold characters, on -a full green ground, in a compartment in the second and third -corners. The second and third standards to be of full green damask, -embroidered and fringed with gold; the rank of the regiment in gold -Roman characters on a crimson ground, within a wreath of roses -and thistles on the same stalk, and the motto, _Vestigia nulla -retrorsum_, underneath: the white horse on a red ground in the -first and fourth compartments, and the rose and thistle conjoined -upon a red ground in the second and third compartments. - -OFFICERS to be distinguished by narrow gold lace or embroidery to -the binding and button-holes of their coats; sword knots of crimson -and gold in stripes; and crimson silk sashes worn over the left -shoulder. - -[Sidenote: 1758] - -[Sidenote: 1759] - -[Sidenote: 1760] - -On the 23d of October, 1758, Lieutenant-General Bligh was succeeded -in the Colonelcy of the regiment by Major-General the Honourable -John Waldegrave (afterwards Earl Waldegrave), who was removed to -the Second Dragoon Guards in the following year. The Colonelcy -appears to have remained vacant from September, 1759, to November, -1760, when it was conferred by King George III. on Major-General -the Honourable John Fitz-William from the Second, or Queen's Royal -Regiment of Foot. - -[Sidenote: 1762] - -Another war having commenced in 1756, between Great Britain -and France, a British army was sent to Germany in 1758; the -establishment of this regiment was augmented to forty-nine private -men per troop; and in 1762 the order prohibiting the regiment -recruiting in Ireland was rescinded. - -[Sidenote: 1763] - -The success of the British arms in Canada, the West Indies, and -Germany, was followed by a treaty of peace, and after the return -of the cavalry regiments from Germany, in the beginning of 1763, -the establishment of the SECOND IRISH HORSE was again reduced to -twenty-one private men per troop. - -[Sidenote: 1776] - -[Sidenote: 1783] - -At this low establishment the regiment continued until the breaking -out of the unfortunate contest between Great Britain and her -North American colonies, when an augmentation of ten private men -per troop was made to its numbers. No further alteration appears -to have been made until the conclusion of the war, when, the -independence of the United States having been acknowledged, its -establishment was reduced to its former numbers. - -[Sidenote: 1788] - -At this establishment it continued until the spring of 1788; -when King George III., having resolved to form the two troops -of Life Guards and two troops of Horse Grenadier Guards into -two regiments of Life Guards on a similar establishment to that -of the old regiments of horse, and to reduce the four regiments -of horse on the Irish establishment to the pay of dragoons, -with the title of DRAGOON GUARDS, His Majesty's pleasure was -communicated to the regiments in Ireland, in a General Order -dated the 14th of February, 1788; and the SECOND IRISH HORSE was -thus constituted the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS. In consequence of the -regiment being placed upon a decreased rate of pay, compensation -was given to the officers; to the colonel 150_l._ per year; to the -lieutenant-colonel a gratuity of 575_l._; to the major 525_l._; -captains, each, 475_l._; captain-lieutenant and lieutenants, each, -350_l._; and the cornets, each, 250_l._ Every private man had the -option of his discharge, or a bounty of two guineas if he continued -to serve. - -Several alterations were made in the uniform of the regiment. The -officers were directed to wear an epaulette on each shoulder. The -flask-string was removed from the pouch belt, and the width of the -belts reduced from four inches and a half to three inches; and the -equipment was assimilated, in every particular, to that of the -regiments of dragoons. - -The establishment was fixed at one colonel and captain, one -lieutenant-colonel and captain, one major and captain, three -captains, six lieutenants, six cornets, one chaplain, one adjutant, -one surgeon, six troop quarter-masters, six serjeants, twelve -corporals, six trumpeters, one hundred and fourteen private men, -and six dismounted men. The several alterations having been -completed, the change of establishment took place on the 1st of -April, 1788, and from this date the regiment has borne the title of -FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS; but the appellation of GREEN HORSE has never -been entirely discontinued. - -[Sidenote: 1789] - -[Sidenote: 1790] - -In the following year, the regiment lost its colonel, General -the Honourable John Fitz-William, who was succeeded on the 27th -of August, 1789, by Lieutenant-General John Douglas, from the -Fourteenth Foot. Lieutenant-General Douglas died on the 10th of -November, 1790, and was succeeded by Major-General Thomas Bland, -from the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the Seventh Dragoons. - -[Sidenote: 1793] - -After passing a period of nearly eighty years in Ireland, the -regiment, having previously had a considerable augmentation made -to its numbers, was ordered to hold itself in readiness for -foreign service. This event was occasioned by the revolution -which had taken place in France, where a party of republicans had -seized the reins of government, had imprisoned the royal family, -and had brought their sovereign to the scaffold; a proceeding -which disorganized the state of society in one of the most -civilized parts of the world,--gave rise to the formation of a -new dynasty,--removed the basis on which the sovereign power -was established,--and involved the great European states in a -succession of destructive wars for a period of more than twenty -years. Great Britain joined the confederacy against the regicide -government of France, and sent, in the spring of 1793, a body of -troops to the Netherlands, under the command of His Royal Highness -the Duke of York. At the close of the summer, reinforcements were -sent to Flanders, and on the 18th and 19th of September, the FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS embarked at Dublin for the same destination. - -[Sidenote: 1794] - -After occupying winter quarters in Flanders, the regiment took -the field under the orders of Lieutenant-Colonel the Honourable -R. Taylor, and entered on a scene of action in a part of Europe -where it had, nearly a century before, acquired numerous honours -under the great MARLBOROUGH, and its conduct did not derogate from -its ancient reputation. It was first employed in the attack of the -enemy's post at _Prêmont_, on the 17th of April, 1794, but was not -called upon to charge; and it subsequently formed part of the -covering army during the siege of _Landrécies_. - -While this siege was in progress, the British troops, under the -Duke of York, were encamped at _Cateau_. On the morning of the -26th of April, which was gloomy and dark, and a thick mist covered -the face of nature, the advance of an hostile force was heard, but -its movements could not be discerned. At length, the rays of the -sun revealed the movements of a French force of thirty thousand -men, under Lieutenant-General Chapuy; and a body of cavalry, of -which the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS formed part, was detached, under -Lieutenant-General Otto, against the enemy's left flank, while -a sharp attack was made on the enemy's front. This movement was -conducted with great caution, the enemy's flank was turned, the -trumpets sounded a charge, and the British horsemen rushed with -irresistible fury upon the ranks of the hostile legions. The French -were overthrown and defeated; their commander, Lieutenant-General -Chapuy, a number of officers and men, and thirty-five pieces of -cannon were captured, and their flying divisions were pursued -with immense slaughter to the gates of Cambray. The Duke of York -passed the highest commendations on the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS and -other troops detached against the enemy's left flank, and declared -they had "_all acquired immortal honour to themselves_." His Royal -Highness further stated, "_the conduct of the British cavalry was -beyond all praise_." The loss of the regiment on this occasion -was nine men and twenty-three horses killed; one officer, one -quarter-master, eight men and nine horses, wounded; four men and -twenty-three horses missing. - -After the surrender of Landrécies, the British forces took up a -position in front of _Tournay_, where they repulsed an attack of -the enemy on the 10th of May. During the action, a favourable -opportunity presented itself for attacking the enemy's right flank; -Lieutenant-General Harcourt was detached with sixteen squadrons of -British and two of Austrian cavalry, and attacked the enemy with -so much resolution and intrepidity, that they immediately began -their retreat, in the course of which they were soon broken, and -they sustained great loss, including thirteen pieces of cannon, and -above four hundred officers and men taken prisoners. - -A combined attack was made on the French positions on the 17th of -May, but failed from some of the columns not arriving in time at -the posts allotted to them. - -On the 22nd of May, the French attacked the British position in -front of _Tournay_ with an immense force. The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS -were formed up ready for action on their camp ground all the day; -but the French did not attack that part of the line; and they were -repulsed in their attempts in the other parts of the field. - -At length, the defeat of the Austrians having rendered the position -occupied by the British in front of Tournay no longer tenable, the -troops were withdrawn, and the campaign degenerated into a series -of retreats, which were ably conducted under numerous difficulties. - -[Sidenote: 1795] - -During this short but eventful campaign the British troops had -maintained their ancient reputation; but the army was not of -sufficient numbers to cope with the enormous masses of the enemy, -which darkened the land like a gloomy tempest. In the retreat -through Holland, and in the distresses and privations of the winter -campaign amidst snow and ice, the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS took part, -and in the early part of 1795 they arrived in Germany. - -The regiment remained in Germany during the following summer, -and encamped in one of the plains of the Duchy of Bremen, under -the orders of Major-General Sir David Dundas; and in November it -embarked for England. - -[Sidenote: 1796] - -In October, 1796, the regiment proceeded to Ireland, which country -was in a state bordering on open rebellion. The malcontents had -entered into arrangements with the republican government of France, -and a French armament was prepared, under the orders of General -Hoche, to assist the Irish Roman Catholics in effecting their -separation from England, and in forming themselves into a republic. -On the 24th of December the French fleet appeared in Bantry Bay; -and the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS were despatched by forced marches to -oppose the landing of the enemy. The French fleet was, however, -partly dispersed by a storm, and the remainder returned to France -without attempting to land. - -[Sidenote: 1797] - -In 1797 the regiment was encamped, with several other -corps, on the Curragh of Kildare, and was there reviewed by -Lieutenant-General Sir David Dundas, who expressed, in orders, his -approbation of its discipline and appearance. Its establishment at -this period was seven hundred officers and men. - -[Sidenote: 1798] - -The disaffection which had so long prevailed among the Roman -Catholics in Ireland, had continued to acquire additional rancour -and vehemence, and the passions of the misguided peasantry having -been wrought, by wicked demagogues, into fury and madness, they -neglected the affairs of civil life, provided themselves with -arms, and broke out into open rebellion in the summer of 1798. -The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS were on Dublin duty at the time, and -were so distinguished for loyalty and steady conduct that the -Lord-Lieutenant committed to the regiment the military charge of -the capital. - -One squadron under the command of Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel -Sherlock was detached from Dublin into the counties of Wicklow -and Wexford, and was engaged in the action at _Arklow_ on the 9th -of June, when thirty thousand insurgents, headed by their priests -in clerical vestments, attacked the town with great fury, but -were repulsed with the loss of an immense number of men. From the -circumstance of there being no force of any consequence to prevent -the rebels marching upon the capital, this was an action of the -greatest importance, and was most obstinately contested. - -The same squadron was afterwards instrumental in relieving the -loyalists in the town of _Ballycarnen_, where they were besieged by -the rebels, and had only a small party of militia to assist in the -defence of the place. The cavalry advanced with great bravery, and -was assailed by a sharp fire from behind the fences, and a barrier -of carts and other vehicles formed across the road, which it was -found impossible to force by cavalry alone, and the troops retired -until a body of infantry arrived; when the whole advanced,--routed -the rebels, and pursued them with great slaughter. - -Lieutenant-Colonel Sherlock was afterwards engaged with the -squadron of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS under his orders, at _Gorey_, -and charged the rebels several times with success. - -The same squadron was also engaged in the action at _Vinegar -Hill_,--the stronghold of the rebels, where the most inhuman -tragedies had been committed on hundreds of Protestants. This post -was attacked on the 21st of June, and the insurgents were routed -with great slaughter and many prisoners were captured. The squadron -of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS charged and pursued the rebels, and -took many prisoners. It afterwards overtook an insurgent corps near -a place called _White Hills_, where, after a sharp contest, the -rebels were routed, and they fled in all directions. - -While these events were transpiring, another detachment of the -regiment was employed in the county of Kildare, and had several -skirmishes with bands of insurgents. - -A patrole of the regiment, commanded by Captain Pack, proceeding -towards _Prosperous_, encountered one hundred rebels well mounted -and equipped; the Dragoon Guards instantly charged with signal -valour and intrepidity, routed their adversaries at the first -shock, killed twenty on the spot, and captured eight horses. - -When the rebellion was nearly suppressed, the French endeavoured -to revive the contest by sending General Humbert with about a -thousand men, who landed at Killala on the 22d of August. The FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS marched from Dublin to oppose the combined rebel and -French forces, and were attached to the column under the Marquis -of Cornwallis's command. The action at _Ballinamuck_ on the 8th of -September followed; the French surrendered themselves prisoners -of war, and the insurgents were dispersed. After the action, the -Marquis of Cornwallis selected a squadron of the FIFTH DRAGOON -GUARDS, commanded by Captain (afterwards Sir William) Ponsonby, to -escort him on his return to Dublin. - -[Sidenote: 1799] - -The rebellion in Ireland having been suppressed, the FIFTH DRAGOON -GUARDS were embarked in 1799, in order to join the expedition to -Holland, commanded by His Royal Highness the Duke of York; but the -order for their proceeding on this service was countermanded, and -after disembarking at Liverpool, they marched into quarters in -Herefordshire and Gloucestershire. - -[Sidenote: 1802] - -[Sidenote: 1803] - -After the conclusion of the Treaty of Amiens, a reduction of two -troops was made in the establishment; but on the breaking out of -the war in 1803, the army was again augmented, and an addition of -two troops was again made to the strength of the regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1804] - -In the following year King George III. was pleased to confer upon -the regiment the distinguished title of THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE -OF WALES'S REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS, in honour of Her Royal -Highness the Princess Charlotte Carolina Augusta, daughter of -George William Frederick Prince of Wales (afterwards George IV.), -by Carolina Amelia Elizabeth, second daughter of the Duke of -Brunswick Wolfenbuttel. The Princess Charlotte of Wales exhibited -in her early life a most amiable disposition with excellent traits -of character, and, being considered as the future sovereign of -Great Britain, the nation saw in her qualities calculated to adorn -the throne, and to make a great and civilized people happy; hence, -the conferring of Her Royal Highness's title on the regiment, was -considered a special mark of His Majesty's favour and approbation. - -[Sidenote: 1805] - -[Sidenote: 1808] - -The regiment proceeded to Ireland in 1805, and remained in that -country until the summer of 1808, when it returned to England. - -[Sidenote: 1811] - -On the 8th of July, 1811, His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, -who was Regent of the United Kingdom during the indisposition -of King George III., reviewed the regiment on Wimbledon common, -on which occasion it was commanded by its Colonel, the veteran -General Thomas Bland, and the Prince Regent was graciously pleased -to express his approbation of its appearance, and of the rapidity -and brilliant execution of its movements; and as the regiment was -about to proceed on foreign service, the most lively anticipations -of its achievements at the theatre of war were produced. It was -not, at this period, mounted on horses of so heavy a description as -formerly; but, while it bore the title of a heavy cavalry regiment, -and retained sufficient weight for a powerful charge in line, it -had acquired a lightness which rendered it available for every -description of service. The heavy cavalry corps which formerly -constituted so important a portion of the armies of England, had -been improved in efficiency and usefulness by mounting them on -horses of a lighter description. - -The occasion of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS proceeding abroad at this -period, was the attempt made by that tyrannical power which had -risen out of the French revolution, of which Napoleon Bonaparte had -become the head, to subjugate the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal: -the inhabitants of those countries were in arms against the -usurper; a British force commanded by Lord Wellington had been sent -to their aid; and this regiment was one of the corps selected to -reinforce the army under his lordship's command. - -Six troops of this regiment, amounting to five hundred and -forty-four officers and men, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel the -Honourable William Ponsonby, embarked at Portsmouth on the 12th -of August, and having landed at Lisbon on the 4th of September, -occupied quarters at Belem about six weeks, and afterwards advanced -up the country. When the army went into quarters for the winter, -the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS were stationed at Thomar. - -[Sidenote: 1812] - -The army resumed operations in the beginning of January, 1812, -with the siege and capture of Ciudad Rodrigo: and in March the -FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS proceeded into the south of Spain to watch the -movements of Marshal Soult, and to cover the siege of _Badajoz_. -The regiment arrived, with the remainder of its brigade (the Third -and Fourth Dragoons), at Borba, in the Alentejo, on the 5th of -March, crossed the Guadiana on the 15th, and formed the van of the -covering army until it arrived at the foot of an extensive chain -of mountains called the Sierra Morena. On the advance of Marshal -Soult, the covering army retired upon Albuhera. The fortress of -_Badajoz_ was captured by storm on the 6th of April; and in a few -days afterwards the regiment had an opportunity of distinguishing -itself in action with the enemy. A large body of cavalry advanced -upon _Llerena_; the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS marched on the 10th of -April to Los Santos, and continued their route during the night -to Bienvenida,--proceeding a distance of sixty miles without -halting, and the last four miles at a brisk pace, through a country -abounding with obstructions; then forming with celerity, advanced -through a grove of olive-trees, beyond which a body of French -cavalry, of more than thrice the numbers of the regiment, was -formed up. The sight of so numerous an enemy did not intimidate -the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS; but acted as a spur to their energies, -and excited them to exertions which evinced their native valour -and intrepidity, and occasioned them to rival the deeds of their -predecessors in the field of glory. The fatigues of the previous -march were forgotten, and the gallant troopers charged with such -spirit and resolution, that the French squadrons were broken, and -being also attacked by the light brigade, they retired in disorder -under cover of their infantry and artillery, leaving behind about -one hundred killed and wounded, and one lieutenant-colonel, two -captains, one lieutenant, and one hundred and forty men prisoners, -also nearly one hundred horses. Actions in which the numbers -engaged are not very great, do not produce, in their bearing on the -affairs of nations, very important results, hence they are often -overlooked, or but slightly noticed, by general historians; yet on -these occasions individual corps often distinguish themselves in an -eminent degree; and the excellent conduct of the British cavalry at -_Llerena_, elicited the following orders:-- - - "_Lafra, 12th April, 1812._ - - "CAVALRY ORDERS. - - "Lieutenant-General Sir Stapleton Cotton begs Major-General Le - Marchant and the Honourable Lieutenant-Colonel Ponsonby will - accept his best thanks, for the gallant and judicious manner in - which they commanded their brigades yesterday, and he requests - they will make known to the officers commanding regiments, the - lieutenant-general's high approbation of their conduct, as well - as of the zeal and attention displayed by all ranks. The order - which was preserved by the troops in pursuing the enemy, and - the quickness with which they formed after every attack, does - infinite credit to the commanding officers, and is a convincing - proof of the good discipline of the several regiments. - - "The Lieutenant-General was very much satisfied with the conduct - of the Third and Fourth Dragoons, in supporting the Fifth Dragoon - Guards and Major-General Anson's brigade. - - "To Lieutenant-Colonel Elley, Sir Stapleton's warmest thanks - are due, for the great assistance he derived from the zeal and - activity displayed by that officer; and the Lieutenant-General - begs that Captain White and Captain Baron Deckan will accept his - acknowledgments for the assistance they afforded him yesterday. - Sir Stapleton Cotton has only to assure the cavalry that their - gallant and regular conduct yesterday has made him, if possible, - more proud than ever of the high command entrusted to him. - - "STAPLETON COTTON, - "LIEUTENANT-GENERAL." - - - "_Olivenza, 15th April, 1812._ - - "BRIGADE ORDERS. - - "Major-General Le Marchant has great satisfaction in conveying - to his brigade the approbation and thanks of Lieutenant-General - Sir Stapleton Cotton commanding the cavalry, for their gallant - conduct near Llerena on the 11th instant. - - "Whilst the Major-General is perfectly satisfied with the zeal - shown by every individual of the brigade in the execution of his - duty on that occasion, he considers that _the charge made by - the_ FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS _deserves his particular admiration and - approval, and he requests that_ MAJOR PRESCOTT _and the officers - of that corps will accept his best thanks, as well for their - services as for the credit which their gallant conduct reflects - on the command which he has the honour to hold_. - - "T. HUTCHINS, - "BRIGADE-MAJOR." - -These orders were forwarded to the depôt of the regiment in -England, to be inserted in the records, accompanied by a letter, of -which the following is an extract:-- - - "_Crato, Portugal, 7th May, 1812._ - - "SIR,--I have great pleasure in communicating to you, by - direction of Colonel Ponsonby, the cavalry and brigade orders - issued on a late occasion, when the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS - attacked a very superior enemy, and forced him to retire with - the loss of about one hundred killed and wounded, besides one - lieutenant-colonel, two captains, one lieutenant, and one hundred - and forty men taken prisoners, with near one hundred horses. - This affair presents a pledge of the future good conduct of - the regiment whenever an opportunity again appears of meeting - the enemy, and must be peculiarly gratifying to you and to the - remainder of the corps at the depôt in England, to hear from such - undoubted authority, that the regiment still continues to support - that high character which it gained on many former glorious - occasions, and in our estimation this last is not the least:--the - regiment having, previous to the attack on three times its - numbers of the enemy's best cavalry, made a forced march of - upwards of sixty miles without halting,--four of the last of - which was at a very brisk pace, through a difficult country, over - rocks, ravines, and stone walls; then forming with unexampled - celerity, and charging with equal and regular rapidity through - a grove of olive-trees until it came in contact with the enemy, - who retired in great disorder under the cover of his infantry - and guns. Our loss in this brilliant affair was comparatively - trifling, as will be seen by the subjoined statement of the names - of the brave men who fell. - - "W. JACKSON, - "ADJUTANT." - -Thus the DRAGOON GUARDS of the nineteenth century are found -rivalling the celebrated heavy HORSE of the preceding ages. The -regiment lost, on this occasion, one corporal and fourteen private -men killed; Major Prescot, Lieutenant Walker, three serjeants, one -corporal, and twenty-one private men wounded. - -A detachment of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS escorted the prisoners -captured on this occasion to the fortress of Elvas in Portugal. The -regiment afterwards marched to Crato. - -Advancing from Crato into Spain, the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS took part -in the movements by which the French were driven from Salamanca, -and the forts at that city were besieged and captured. - -After the capture of the forts, the regiment advanced upon Toro, -but was subsequently ordered to retire to Alaejos to support a body -of troops, under Lieutenant-General Sir Stapleton Cotton, posted -on the Trabancos; and several retrograde movements followed, which -were succeeded by the battle of _Salamanca_. During the night -before this eventful day, while the regiment was dismounted, a -violent storm occurred. The thunder rolled with tremendous violence -over the heads of the men and horses; the lightning played in -sheets of fire and shed its blazing gleams upon the polished arms; -and the rain fell in torrents. One flash fell among the FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS; the terrified horses breaking loose galloped wildly -about in the dark, and every additional clap of thunder and blaze -of lightning augmented the confusion. Twenty men of the regiment -were trampled down and disabled, and several horses escaped into -the French lines. - -On the morning of the memorable 22d of July, the FIFTH DRAGOON -GUARDS, commanded by Colonel the Honourable William Ponsonby, moved -from their bivouac and formed in the rear of the centre of the -position occupied by the allied army. - -While the French commander was manœuvring, Lord Wellington took -advantage of an injudicious movement, and ordered his divisions -forward to attack their adversaries, when the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS -took ground to their right, passed the village of Arapiles, and -advancing in support of the third and fifth divisions, were -exposed to a heavy cannonade. The French army, being attacked -at the moment it was making a complicated evolution, was unable -to withstand the British forces; in a short time, a favourable -opportunity for a charge of the heavy cavalry occurred, and the -FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, were ordered -to attack.[10] The bugles sounded; the brigade moved forward, -increasing its pace, with Major-General Le Marchant at its head, -and a most animated scene presented itself. The din of battle was -heard on every side; clouds of dust and rising columns of smoke -darkened the air, and enveloped the foaming squadrons as they -dashed forward and shook the ground with their trampling hoofs. -In front, the glittering bayonets and waving colours of French -infantry were dimly seen through the thickened atmosphere; these -formidable ranks of war were, in an instant, broken and overthrown -by the terrific charge of this brigade; the resolute troopers, -mingling with their discomfited antagonists, cut them down with -a dreadful carnage, while the British infantry raised shouts of -triumph and applause at the success of the cavalry, and numbers -of the enemy laid down their arms, and surrendered prisoners of -war. Major-General Le Marchant was shot through the body, which -terminated the career of that gallant and talented officer; the -command of the brigade devolved on the brave Colonel the Honourable -William Ponsonby of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, and the officers -and men of the regiment, emulating the heroic fire and energy of -their favourite leader, performed deeds of valour worthy the high -character of their corps. Having subdued one body of infantry, -they continued their career through a wood in their front without -waiting to re-form their ranks; another formidable mass of fresh -adversaries presented itself; the undaunted heavy horsemen, -conscious of their power, flushed with success, stimulated to new -energies by seeing Lieutenant-General Sir Stapleton Cotton and his -staff at their head, rushed forward with reckless fury; though -assailed by a volley of musketry, which proved fatal to many, the -survivors passed through the curling smoke, scarcely seeming to -touch the ground, and the next moment the French column was broken -with a dreadful crash. That mass of infantry, a moment before so -menacing and conspicuous, was become a confused rabble, while the -victorious troopers, exulting in uncontrollable might, trampled -down and plunged their horses through the enemy's ranks, sabring -their dismayed adversaries, and producing havoc and confusion on -every hand.[11] Five guns and more than two thousand prisoners -were captured, and a division of French infantry was destroyed; -two guns were seized by the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, and sent to the -rear immediately after they broke through the enemy's ranks. Such -were the splendid results of this gallant and dreadful charge, in -which the weight, prowess, and daring impetuosity of the FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, seconded by the -light brigade, proved irresistible, and contributed materially in -deciding the fortune of a battle in which the French army sustained -a decisive overthrow, and eleven guns and two _eagles_ remained in -possession of the conquerors. The British commander stated in his -public despatch,--"The cavalry, under Sir Stapleton Cotton, made a -most gallant and successful charge upon a body of French infantry, -which they overthrew and cut to pieces:" Colonel the Honourable -William Ponsonby was presented with a gold medal for his conduct -as commanding officer; and the regiment was afterwards rewarded -with the honour of bearing the word SALAMANCA on its standards and -appointments. Its loss was Captain Osborne, two serjeants, one -corporal, and twelve private men killed; Lieutenant Christie, one -serjeant, one corporal, and fourteen private men wounded. - -[Illustration: FIFTH (THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S) REGIMENT -OF DRAGOON GUARDS, - -At the Battle of Salamanca, 22nd July, 1812. [_To face page 60._] - -The left squadron of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS was attached to -Major-General Bock's brigade of heavy German cavalry, and sent in -pursuit of the wreck of the French army, which retreated by Alba -upon Valladolid; the French rear-guard was overtaken about three -leagues beyond _Alba de Tormes_, a sharp engagement ensued, and -about nine hundred prisoners were captured. - -Colonel the Honourable William Ponsonby, of the Fifth Dragoon -Guards, having been appointed to the staff of the army, and to the -command of the heavy cavalry brigade, issued the following order on -the subject:-- - - "_Camp near Flores de Avila,_ - _25th July, 1812._ - - "REGIMENTAL ORDERS, - - "His Excellency, the commander of the forces, having been pleased - to appoint Colonel Ponsonby to the staff of this army, and to the - distinguished honour of commanding this brigade, Major Prescott - will be pleased to take upon himself the command of the regiment. - - "The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS well know how highly Colonel Ponsonby - has always prized the honour of commanding them; and if the pride - he has long felt in the command of a regiment deservedly of such - high character admitted of augmentation, its most gallant and - glorious achievements in the field, as well as its soldier-like - conduct in quarters, since its arrival in this country, could - not fail to enhance it. He assures the officers and men of the - regiment, that it is now with considerable regret he takes his - leave of them as their regimental commanding officer, although - in the course of professional promotion; and he requests Major - Prescott, the officers, non-commissioned officers, and the whole - of the regiment, will accept his warm and sincere thanks for the - past, as well as his heartfelt and anxious good wishes for the - future. May the Fifth Dragoon Guards long continue to be ranked - as second to none in His Majesty's service." - -The regiment accompanied the army in the subsequent movements, and -in the advance upon the capital of Spain; and it formed part of the -personal escort of the Marquis of Wellington when he entered Madrid -on the 12th of August; it was formed up at the Segovia-gate, when -his lordship received the keys from the municipality. The FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS entered the city amidst the acclamations of the -inhabitants, and occupied quarters there until the 18th of August. - -Leaving the metropolis of Spain to engage in operations against -the French army, the regiment proceeded to St. Ildefonso, remained -there a few days, and afterwards proceeded to the vicinity of -_Burgos_, where the enemy was found in position on the 17th of -September. The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, -were ordered to the front, and dispositions were made for the -attack; but the French commander withdrew his forces, leaving -a strong garrison in the castle of Burgos. This fortress was -besieged, and the regiment, forming part of the covering army, was -stationed at Villamar, the head quarters of the cavalry. On the -19th of October, the enemy attempted to relieve the besieged, and -attacked and carried the village of Quintanapalla; the left wing of -infantry and FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, -advanced to retake the village, but on the approach of this force -the French retreated. - -At length, the movements of the superior numbers of the enemy, -rendered it necessary for the main army to unite with the forces -under Lieutenant-General Sir Rowland Hill, and a retreat was -resolved upon. Withdrawing from Burgos with great secrecy on the -night of the 21st of October, the army commenced its celebrated -retreat to the frontiers of Portugal, which was performed under -peculiar difficulties, and in presence of an immense superiority of -numbers, with the same signal ability which distinguished all the -operations of the British commander, who evinced, on many occasions -during this war, the sublimity of military talent. - -On the 23rd of October, the army continued its retreat in two -columns; the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, -covering the retreat of the column from Hormillos; the enemy -menaced the rear with an immense force of cavalry, but was unable -to make a serious impression, and the British troops bivouacked -that night on the hills above Cordovilla. Resuming the march an -hour before daylight on the following morning, the column passed -the bridge of Cordovilla and crossed the Carrion, covered by -Colonel Ponsonby's brigade, and the head quarters were established -at Duenas, from whence two squadrons of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS -and Third Dragoons were detached, to cover the working parties -employed in mining the bridges of Palencia for destruction; but -the French advancing in great force gained possession of the -bridges in an unbroken state. On the 26th the army resumed its -retrograde movement, crossed the Pisuerga at Cabeçon, and occupied -that town and its vicinity until the 29th, when it again retired, -and, having crossed the Douro, occupied a position beyond that -river several days. On the 6th of November the army retreated on -Salamanca; on the 15th it resumed its march, and having crossed -the Agueda, proceeded into quarters in Portugal. The FIFTH DRAGOON -GUARDS halted eight days at Gallegos, in the province of Biera, and -afterwards proceeded to Ervidal, where they remained until the 28th -of December, and subsequently marched to Goes. - -Thus ended this eventful campaign, in which the allied army, after -capturing the two important fortresses of Ciudad Rodrigo and -Badajoz, gaining the glorious victory of Salamanca, and penetrating -to the metropolis of Spain, was forced, by the superior number of -the enemy's concentrated forces, to return to its former posts. -The gigantic power to which the French revolution had given birth -was, however, on the eve of being broken; Bonaparte, the tyrant -of Europe, had resolved on the fatal expedition to Russia, where -he lost a powerful army in the snow, and the victory at Salamanca -was the precursor of greater triumphs over the disturbers of -christendom. The immense distance marched by the FIFTH DRAGOON -GUARDS during the year 1812, with the scarcity of forage and -constant exposure to every description of weather, occasioned -the loss of many horses; it has been computed that the regiment -marched about two thousand miles within twelve months. - -[Sidenote: 1813] - -The regiment was again in motion in February, 1813, and having -taken post at Viride, in the valley of the Mondego, occupied that -station until the middle of April, when it proceeded to Guimarers, -and halted there seventeen days. - -In May the army commenced operations with a prospect of more -splendid results than on any former occasion; and Colonel -Ponsonby's brigade, which still consisted of the FIFTH DRAGOON -GUARDS, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, traversed the wild and -mountainous country of Trasos-Montes, and crossed the Esla on the -26th of May. The enemy, no longer possessing that superiority -of numbers by which he had formerly gained so many advantages, -abandoned the line of the Douro; Ponsonby's brigade directed its -march on Valencia, passed that town, and advanced on Burgos. On the -12th of June, the brigade overtook the enemy's rear-guard on the -heights of Estepar, when the Third Dragoons were detached to cut -off part of the enemy's force, in which they succeeded, and Captain -Miles, of the Fourteenth Dragoons, charging, took some prisoners -and one gun. During the succeeding night, the French blew up the -castle of Burgos, and retired behind the Ebro. Colonel Ponsonby's -brigade moved to the left, and after traversing a romantic tract -of country, over mountains and rugged precipices, crossed the Ebro -on the 15th of June, and advanced on _Vittoria_, where the enemy -concentrated his forces and took up a defensive position. - -At day-break, on the morning of the 21st of June, the allied -army advanced against the enemy, and the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS -supported the columns of attack. The British infantry dislodged -their adversaries from the several eminences and strong posts at -the point of the bayonet, and being supported and sustained by -the cavalry, forced the enemy, after a dreadful slaughter had -taken place, to retreat with the loss of his guns, ammunition, and -baggage. The cavalry, having been prevented by the nature of the -ground from charging during the early part of the day, was enabled -to dash forward towards the close of the action, and to complete -the rout and discomfiture of the French army. The FIFTH DRAGOON -GUARDS had only one man wounded on this occasion. Their gallant -bearing throughout the day, procured them the honour of displaying -the word VITTORIA on their standards and appointments, and their -commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Prescott, was rewarded with -a gold medal. The brigade continued the pursuit of the enemy on the -following day, and on the 27th of June was detached, to endeavour -to intercept the retreat of a division of the French army, under -General Clausel; but this body of troops escaped to France by the -pass of Jaca. The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS had advanced to Tafalla, -where they remained fourteen days, when, forage becoming scarce, -they proceeded to Miranda. In the mean time, the infantry having -blockaded Pampeluna, penetrated the Pyrenean mountains. Marshal -Soult advanced to relieve Pampeluna, when these celebrated -mountains became the scene of several fierce and deadly contests -between the English and French infantry, and the cavalry were -ordered forward in support. The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS left Mirando -on the 26th of July, and were formed up at the foot of the Pyrenees -during the actions in the mountains towards the end of the month, -when the French were defeated and forced to retire with great loss. - -The heavy cavalry not being required in the mountain operations of -the army, the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS marched to Estella, a city of -Navarre, where they arrived on the 11th of August, and remained -until the 27th of December, when, forage becoming scarce, they -proceeded to the plains of Vittoria, and occupied Guérena and -adjacent villages. - -[Sidenote: 1814] - -Towards the end of February, 1814, the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS -again advanced. After passing through the Pyrenean mountains, -they entered France, and followed the route of the French troops -retreating on Bayonne. On the 19th of March, the army, under -Marshal Soult, was discovered in position near _Tarbes_, when -a division of infantry and Major-General Ponsonby's brigade of -cavalry were ordered to turn the enemy's right flank at Rabastens, -but the French, being thus threatened, retired. Following the rear -of the French army, the brigade crossed the Garonne, on a pontoon -bridge, at St. Roques, on the 31st of March, and seized the bridge -on the Arriege, at Cintagabelle; but the roads were found so bad -in this direction, that the troops were recalled, and the pontoon -bridge being removed to Grenade, the brigade passed the river on -the 4th of April, took post at Grissolles, and placed a strong -picquet on the road to Montauban. - -In the mean time, the French army had taken up a strong position to -cover _Toulouse_, where they were attacked by the allied army on -the 10th of April. The infantry attacked the enemy's entrenchments -with their usual intrepidity. The cavalry brigade, consisting -of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, was -commanded on this occasion by Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Charles -Manners; it was employed in supporting the Spanish forces, and, by -its firm countenance, it enabled them, after having been thrown -into some confusion, to rally and re-form their broken ranks. It -also saved the Portuguese guns from being captured by the French, -and subsequently supported Lieutenant-General Clinton's division: -at length, the enemy was driven from his works, and forced to take -shelter in the town. The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS had one corporal -killed and Cornet Lucas wounded; and their services on this -occasion were rewarded with the honour of bearing the word TOULOUSE -on their standards and appointments. - -Shortly after this victory hostilities were terminated, by -the removal of Buonaparte from the throne of France, and the -restoration of the Bourbon dynasty. Thus ended the toils and -conflicts of this destructive war, and the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, -after traversing kingdoms, enduring privations, and gaining -victories, had the gratification of witnessing the restoration -of peace. The French forces, after fighting to add province to -province, and kingdom to kingdom, to found new empires upon the -ruins of conquered states, to subject mankind to the tyranny of a -lawless despot, saw their hopes blasted, their conquests wrested -from them, their country invaded and subject to the power of -foreigners; but the British army, which fought under the immortal -Wellington for the good of Europe,--for the welfare of other -nations, preserved its own country from the horrors of war, and had -the glory of conquering to establish the peace of Christendom. - -The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS remained in cantonments until the 1st of -June, when, having sent their dismounted men and heavy baggage -to Bourdeaux, they commenced their march for Boulogne.[12] This -long march, from one extremity of France to another, was performed -in the short period of six weeks; and, previous to embarking, -Major-General Ponsonby expressed to the three regiments in -brigade orders, "the high sense he entertained of their uniformly -excellent conduct both in quarters and in the field:" adding, "It -is a gratifying circumstance that, during the whole period of -service, they have, in no instance, individually or collectively, -incurred animadversion in general orders; that no individual of the -brigade has been brought before a general court martial; and that -not one instance has occurred (to the major-general's knowledge) -of interior disagreement in the brigade. With equal truth the -major-general can assert, that upon every occasion which has -presented itself of acting against the enemy, whether regimentally -or in brigade, they have nobly sustained the superiority of the -British cavalry, and fully justified the high opinion so repeatedly -expressed with regard to them by his Grace the Duke of Wellington. -The three regiments will ever have to congratulate themselves on -its having fallen to their lot to be the brigade employed in that -glorious and effectual charge, which contributed in so eminent a -degree to decide the fate of the day at SALAMANCA, and to secure -the signal and complete defeat of the French army. It only remains -for the major-general to declare his satisfaction at the exemplary -conduct of the brigade during the march through France; and he -concludes by requesting that Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Charles -Manners, Lieutenant-Colonel Prescott, and Major Hugonin, will -themselves accept, and have the goodness to communicate to the -regiments under their respective commands, his best and warmest -thanks for their zealous and steady services during the time he has -had the honour of commanding the brigade, together with his earnest -and sincere good wishes for their future welfare. He also requests -Brigade-Major Hill will accept his best thanks for the zeal and -assiduous attention with which he has discharged the duties of his -situation." - -The FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS embarked at Boulogne on the 17th and 18th -of July, landed at Dover on the 19th and 20th, and marched from -thence to Woodbridge barracks, where the depôt and heavy baggage -joined from Canterbury, and a reduction of two troops was made in -the establishment. In October the regiment marched to Ipswich and -adjacents. - -[Sidenote: 1815] - -In April, 1815, "His Royal Highness the Prince Regent was pleased, -in the name and on the behalf of His Majesty, to approve of the -FIFTH, OR PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT OF DRAGOON -GUARDS, being permitted to bear on its standards and appointments -(in addition to any other badges or devices which may have been -heretofore granted to the regiment), the word 'PENINSULA,' in -commemoration of its services during the late war in Portugal, -Spain, and France, under the command of Field-Marshal the Duke of -Wellington." - -On the 8th of April, the regiment marched to Nottingham, Coventry, -Northampton, and Leicester; and the return of Napoleon Buonaparte -to France, in breach of the treaty of 1814, having occasioned -a declaration of war, six troops were ordered to be held in -readiness for foreign service; but, to the great regret of the -officers and men, who panted for another opportunity of signalizing -themselves under the Duke of Wellington, the order was subsequently -countermanded in consequence of the number of young and untrained -horses in the regiment. - -In June, the officers and men of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS received -the painful intelligence of the fall of Major-General Sir William -Ponsonby, G.C.B., at the battle of Waterloo.[13] - -In July, the regiment marched to York, Sheffield, Leeds, -Huddersfield, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne: in September, the several -troops proceeded to Newcastle, in consequence of the riotous -conduct of the seamen in the ports of that neighbourhood. - -[Sidenote: 1816] - -In January, 1816, the regiment occupied Newcastle, York, Carlisle, -Penrith, and Whitehaven; during the summer, it proceeded to -Ireland, and, arriving at Dublin towards the end of August, -remained on duty in that garrison six months. - -General Bland died at Isleworth on the 14th of October, 1816; -and on the 18th of that month, His Royal Highness Prince Leopold -of Saxe-Coburg of Saalfield, K.G., G.C.B., G.C.H., was appointed -Colonel of the FIFTH, OR PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT OF -DRAGOON GUARDS. - -[Sidenote: 1817] - -The regiment left Ireland in February, 1817, and proceeded to -Scotland, where it remained until the autumn; and, on its arrival -in England, it occupied Ipswich, Norwich, &c. - -THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES died on the 6th of November of this -year, but the title of the regiment is continued, in honour of the -memory of that amiable Princess. - -[Sidenote: 1818] - -[Sidenote: 1819] - -[Sidenote: 1820] - -In July, 1818, the regiment proceeded to York, where the -establishment was reduced to fifty men and thirty-four horses per -troop; in the summer of 1819, it marched to Birmingham, Coventry, -and Wolverhampton; in April, 1820, to Manchester,[14] Oldham, -and Ashton; and in August of the same year, to York, Leeds, and -Huddersfield. - -On the 3rd of September a communication was received from -Major-General Sir John Byng commanding the northern district, -enclosing a letter from the Military Secretary, wherein it was -stated that "His Royal Highness the commander-in-chief approved -highly of the general good conduct, loyalty, and steadiness of the -regiment, of which favourable report was made to His Royal Highness -from all quarters." - -[Sidenote: 1821] - -In April, 1821, the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS marched to Scotland, and -occupied Hamilton, Glasgow, and Paisley: in August the regiment -proceeded to Ireland, and was quartered at Belfast, Belturbet, -Sligo, Enniskillen, and Dundalk; at the same time a reduction -of two troops was made in the establishment, leaving the numbers -six troops, of three officers, fifty-five men, and forty-two -troop-horses each. - -[Sidenote: 1822] - -[Sidenote: 1823] - -[Sidenote: 1824] - -The regiment marched to Porto Bello barracks, Dublin, in July, -1822; from thence to Ballinrobe, Gort, Loughrea, Athlone, -Roscommon, and Dunmore, in May, 1823: and in July, 1824, to Dundalk -and Belturbet. - -[Sidenote: 1825] - -The regiment left Ireland in April, 1825, and proceeding to -Scotland, was stationed at Glasgow and Hamilton. - -[Sidenote: 1826] - -Leaving Scotland in the spring of 1826, the regiment proceeded to -York and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, with a detachment on revenue duty at -Beverley. In April the regiment was ordered into the manufacturing -districts of Yorkshire, in consequence of some disturbance amongst -the operatives, but returned to York in June. - -[Sidenote: 1827] - -In February, 1827, the regiment proceeded to Leeds, Rochdale, and -Sheffield. - -[Sidenote: 1828] - -[Sidenote: 1829] - -In May, 1828, the regiment marched to Dorchester, Weymouth, -Troubridge, and Christ Church, with detached parties on coast duty, -and in the following summer it proceeded to Canterbury. - -[Sidenote: 1830] - -Leaving Canterbury in April, 1830, the regiment marched to Coventry -and Birmingham. In July of the same year His Majesty, King William -IV., was pleased to command that the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS should -proceed to Windsor, to undertake the duties usually performed by -the household cavalry; and, shortly after their arrival there, they -were inspected by Field Marshal Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, -when his Royal Highness expressed himself much gratified with the -excellent appearance and discipline of his corps. - -On the 14th of August the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, commanded by -Prince Leopold in person, were reviewed in the barrack square at -Windsor, by his Majesty King William IV., accompanied by the Queen -and other members of the royal family. His Majesty having made -a minute inspection of the regiment, was pleased to express his -high approbation of its martial appearance and efficiency: and -the officers were then severally presented to the King, by Prince -Leopold. After the review their Majesties, with the other members -of the royal family and distinguished personages present, partook -of a _déjeuné_ prepared by order of Prince Leopold, under tents on -the green, and in the officers' mess-room. - -His Majesty, accompanied by Lord Hill (the general -commanding-in-chief) inspected the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS in the -great quadrangle at Windsor Castle, on the 29th of August, and -again expressed his royal approbation of their appearance and -discipline. - -In October of the same year the regiment marched to Maidstone and -adjacent places. In the following month the head quarters proceeded -to Tunbridge Wells, and, in consequence of the riotous conduct of -the agricultural labourers in Sussex, the remainder of the corps -was dispersed in various parts of that county. In December the head -quarters proceeded to Brighton, and occupied the cavalry barrack at -that town during His Majesty's residence at the Royal Pavilion. - -[Sidenote: 1831] - -Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg having been elected king of the -Belgians, resigned the commission of Colonel of the FIFTH DRAGOON -GUARDS, and King William IV. was graciously pleased to confer that -appointment on Lieutenant-General Sir John Slade, Bart. G.C.H., by -commission, dated 20th July, 1831. - -[Sidenote: 1834] - -The regiment embarked at Bristol on the 17th April, 1831, and -landed at Dublin on the following day. It continued on duty at -various stations in Ireland until April, 1834, when it again -returned to England, disembarked at Liverpool on the 22d of that -month, and was stationed for one year at Manchester. - -[Sidenote: 1835] - -[Sidenote: 1836] - -[Sidenote: 1837] - -[Sidenote: 1838] - -In May, 1835, the regiment proceeded to Scotland, from whence it -returned in the following year, and was stationed at Leeds; in -April, 1837, its head-quarters were established at Birmingham; and -in May, 1838, at York. - -The foregoing pages contain an account of the services of the FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS to the termination of the year 1838, and its record -bears ample testimony to the zeal and bravery which have been -evinced by this distinguished corps on occasions when it has had an -opportunity to attest its valour in presence of a foreign enemy. - -Its noble and gallant conduct, as a regiment of HORSE, -at the battle of the _Boyne_ in 1690;--at the heights of -_Schellenberg_;--also at the memorable battle of _Blenheim_, where -the French and Bavarian armies were nearly destroyed, and their -commander, standards, and colours were captured, in 1704;--its -heroic achievements in 1705 at the forcing of the French lines -at _Helixem_ and _Neer-Hespen_, where it captured the standards -of the Bavarian horse-guards;--the glorious part it took in -annihilating one of the finest and best appointed armies France -ever brought into the field, at _Ramilies_ in 1706;--its intrepid -bearing, as a corps of CUIRASSIERS, in 1708 in the field at -_Oudenarde_, and in the action at _Wynendale_;--the valour it -displayed in close combat with the French household troops at the -sanguinary battle of _Malplaquet_ in 1709;--the ardour it evinced -in the movements and skirmishes which led to the capture of the -fortress of _Bouchain_ in 1711;--its gallantry as a corps of -DRAGOON GUARDS in 1794 at the battle of _Cateau_, where the French -commander, many officers and men, and thirty-five pieces of cannon -were captured;--its brilliant charge at _Llerena_;--its victorious -career on the plains of _Salamanca_ in 1812;--its spirited conduct -at Vittoria in 1813;--and at Toulouse in 1814;--the eminent -qualities it displayed on these and other occasions, as set -forth in the public despatches and national records, afford most -honourable proof that the FIFTH REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS has -never lost sight of the ancient motto on its standards _Vestigia -nulla retrorsum_. - -The conduct of the regiment on home, as well as on foreign service, -has, on all occasions, been such as to evince its usefulness, -efficiency, and constant readiness to support the honour and -dignity of the crown, and the prosperity of the country; thus -holding forth a bright example to stimulate to good conduct -the soldiers of the present and future ages, under all the -circumstances of service in which the calls of their sovereign and -country may occasion them to be placed. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[7] Charles Butler, second son of Thomas Earl of Ossory, and -grandson of James first Duke of Ormond, was created Earl of the -islands of Arran, in the county of Galway, in January, 1694. The -Earl of Arran, mentioned at page 7, was the eldest son of William -Duke of Hamilton, and obtained his father's title in 1698. - -[8] This officer's name is spelt Napper, instead of Napier, in the -lists of killed and wounded published at the time; but he is the -same officer who was appointed Colonel of the regiment by King -George I., on the 27th of May, 1717. - -[9] "The Sunday following was appointed for a day of thanks-giving, -and after divine service the army drew out to fire a _feu-de-joie_ -for the victory. Marshal Tallard and the officers with him were -invited to ride out to see the army fire, which they did with much -persuasion. Our generals paid Tallard the compliment of riding -next the army, and ordered all the officers to salute him. When -the firing was over, the Duke of Marlborough asked Tallard how he -liked the army; he answered with a shrug, _Very well; but they -have had the honour of beating the best troops in the world_. The -Duke replied, _What will the world think of the troops that beat -them?_"--_Parker's Memoirs._ - -[10] The following very spirited description of the charge of the -Fifth Dragoon Guards, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, is copied from -Colonel Napier's admirable History of the Peninsular War:-- - - "While Pakenham, bearing onward with a conquering violence, - was closing on their flank, and the fifth division advancing - with a storm of fire on their front, the interval between - the two attacks was suddenly filled with a whirling cloud of - dust, which moving swiftly forward carried within its womb the - trampling sound of a charging multitude. As it passed the left - of the third division Le Marchant's heavy horsemen, flanked by - Anson's light cavalry, broke forth from it at full speed, and - the next instant twelve hundred French infantry though formed - in several lines were trampled down with a terrible clamour and - disturbance. Bewildered and blinded, they cast away their arms - and ran through the openings of the British squadrons stooping - and demanding quarter, while the dragoons, big men and on big - horses, rode onward smiting with their long glittering swords in - uncontrollable power, and the third division followed at speed, - shouting as the French masses fell in succession before this - dreadful charge." - - "Nor were these valiant swordsmen yet exhausted. Their own - general, Le Marchant, and many officers had fallen, but Cotton - and all his staff were at their head, and with ranks confused, - and blended together in one mass, still galloping forward they - sustained from a fresh column an irregular stream of fire which - emptied a hundred saddles; yet with fine courage, and downright - force, the survivors broke through this the third and strongest - body of men that had encountered them, and Lord Edward Somerset, - continuing his course at the head of one squadron, with a happy - perseverance, captured five guns. The French left was entirely - broken, more than two thousand prisoners were taken, the French - light horsemen abandoned that part of the field, and Thomiere's - division no longer existed as a military body. Anson's cavalry, - which had passed quite over the hill, and had suffered little in - the charge, was now joined by D'Urban's troopers, and took the - place of Le Marchant's exhausted men; the heavy German dragoons - followed in reserve, and with the third and fifth divisions and - the guns formed one formidable line two miles in advance of - where Pakenham first attacked, and that impetuous officer with - unmitigated strength still pressed forward spreading terror and - disorder on the enemy's left." - -[11] The sixty-sixth French regiment of infantry of the line, was -one of the corps which was nearly annihilated, and the staff of the -drum-major of that regiment is preserved as a trophy by the FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS, and carried on parades, &c., by the trumpet-major. - -[12] While at Boulogne the regiment was inspected by Major-General -Sir Henry Fane, who expressed much gratification at its condition -after so long a march, and selected a number of horses to be given -up to the French government, for the purpose of mounting the royal -guard of Louis XVIII. - -[13] The Honourable William Ponsonby, (son of Lord Ponsonby,) after -holding the commissions of ensign in Captain Bulwer's independent -company, lieutenant in Captain Davis's independent company, and -captain in the eighty-third regiment, was appointed major in -the Loyal Irish Fencibles, in December, 1794: in March, 1798 he -was removed to the majority of the Fifth Dragoon Guards, and he -served with his regiment in Ireland during the rebellion, which -broke out in the following summer. On the 1st of January, 1800, -he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the army; in -February, 1803, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel, in the Fifth -Dragoon Guards; and on the 25th of July, 1810, he was advanced to -the brevet rank of colonel. He commanded the six troops of the -Fifth Dragoon Guards on foreign service in 1811, and 1812, and -while at the theatre of war he was so conspicuous for a gallant -and chivalrous spirit, with cheerful alacrity in moments of peril -and privation, united with a kind and benevolent disposition, that -he won the affection and esteem of those individuals who had the -happiness of becoming acquainted with him, and he was the favourite -of the troopers of his regiment. At the battle of Salamanca he led -the Fifth Dragoon Guards to the charge with his characteristic -zeal and gallantry; after the fall of Major-General Le Marchant -he was appointed to the command of the heavy brigade, which he -held until the end of the war; and no officer better qualified -for that important trust, or one who possessed the confidence of -the officers and men in a greater degree, could have been found -in the army. He was promoted to the rank of major-general on the -4th of June, 1813; and was afterwards chosen a knight commander of -the honourable military order of the Bath. On the recommencement -of hostilities in 1815, this distinguished officer was placed on -the staff of the army in Belgium, and appointed to the command of -the second cavalry brigade, consisting of the Royal, Scots Greys, -and Inniskilling dragoons, which corps he led to the charge of the -French infantry at the battle of Waterloo with that intrepidity -for which he had always been so eminently distinguished. Having -cut through the first column, he continued his career against -fresh adversaries; while passing through a newly-ploughed field, -which was so soft and miry from recent heavy rain that his charger -sunk deeply in the soil at every step and became exhausted, he -was attacked by a regiment of Polish lancers; being in front of -his brigade, no one was near him except one aide-de-camp, and at -the moment when his horse was unable to extricate itself, a body -of lancers approached him at full speed. His own death he knew -was inevitable; but supposing his aide-de-camp might escape, he -drew from his bosom the picture of his lady, and was in the act of -delivering it and his watch to his attendant, to be conveyed to -his wife and family, when the lancers came up, and they were both -speared on the spot. Thus fell the brave, the ingenuous Ponsonby, -whose death occasioned deep sorrow in the Fifth Dragoon Guards, and -the troopers expressed regret that they were not at Waterloo to -revenge the death of their former commander, who had led them to -battle and to victory. His death is thus alluded to by the Duke of -Wellington in his public despatch. "I have received a report that -Major-General Sir William Ponsonby is killed; and in announcing -this intelligence I have to add the expression of my grief for the -fate of an officer who had already rendered very brilliant and -important services, and was an ornament to his profession." - -[14] _Manchester, August 23d, 1820._ - -Sir, - -Although the Fifth Dragoon Guards were only placed at Manchester -as a temporary quarter, I should be wanting in what is due from -me to that distinguished corps, did I withhold from you the -expression of my admiration of it as a regiment, or from the -officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates, my unqualified -approbation of their conduct, and my satisfaction at the readiness -and good-will with which they performed all the duties required of -them whilst under my orders. I request you will do me the honour to -make known these my sentiments to them, with the assurance that it -will be ever gratifying to me to hear of their continued welfare -and prosperity. - - I have &c. - - JAMES LYON, Major-General. - -_Major Irwin, commanding Fifth Dragoon Guards._ - - - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS - -OF THE - -FIFTH, OR PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS. - - -CHARLES EARL OF SHREWSBURY, - -_Appointed 29th of July, 1685_. - -CHARLES TALBOT succeeded, when in the seventh year of his age, to -the title of EARL OF SHREWSBURY, on the decease of his father who -died on the 16th of March, 1667, of a wound received in a duel with -the Duke of Buckingham. In 1681 he was appointed lord-lieutenant -of the county of Stafford; and having previously devoted much time -to the consideration of the doctrines of Christianity, on the -discovery of the Popish plot he abjured the tenets of the church -of Rome. He, however, continued steadfast in his loyalty even to -a Popish sovereign, and on the breaking out of the rebellion of -the Duke of Monmouth in June, 1685, he raised a troop of horse -for the service of King James II, and in the following month he -was appointed colonel of the regiment which now bears the title -of FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS. He soon afterwards discovered that the -arbitrary measures of the court were directed to the subversion -of the Protestant religion, of which he was become a determined -supporter; and having resigned his commission and mortgaged his -estate for forty thousand pounds, he proceeded to Holland and made -an offer of his sword and purse to the Prince of Orange, provided -His Highness would attempt to deliver England from the power of the -papists. From this period, until the revolution in 1688, his active -mind was engaged in the glorious and patriotic labour of devising -plans for the good of his native country, and he was one of the -nobles in whom the Prince of Orange placed the greatest confidence, -and by whose advice he was principally guided. - -When William and Mary were elevated to the throne, the Earl of -Shrewsbury was sworn of the Privy Council, and appointed principal -Secretary of State; and in April, 1694, he was elected a Knight of -the Most Noble Order of the Garter, and created Marquis of Alton -and DUKE OF SHREWSBURY. After devoting himself to the service of -his king and country in the important office of principal Secretary -of State, for a period of ten years, he sustained a serious injury -in the breast, from an unlucky fall of his horse while hunting, -which rendered him incapable of attending so closely to business -as his office required, and he resigned the seals as Secretary -of State, but was shortly afterwards appointed Lord Chamberlain -of the Household. This office he resigned in 1700, in order to -proceed to a warmer climate, and he resided for a short period at -Montpellier in France. After the decease of the King of Spain and -the accession of the Duke of Anjou to the throne of that kingdom, -he quitted France and proceeded to Geneva, and subsequently crossed -the Alps into Italy. After his return to England he was reappointed -by Queen Anne to the office of Lord Chamberlain, and in 1712 he was -appointed ambassador to the French court to finish the negociations -for peace. In 1713 he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; -and in the reign of George I. he was a member of the Privy Council -and Lord Chamberlain of the Household. He was one of the most -accomplished gentlemen of the age in which he lived; was remarkably -handsome in person, had an admirable address, was just in his -dealings, and distinguished for gallantry among the ladies; but was -studious and reserved as a public character. He died at Isleworth -on the 1st of February, 1718. - - -MARMADUKE LORD LANGDALE, - -_Appointed 22d January, 1687_. - -This nobleman was the son of Sir Marmaduke Langdale of Holme, in -Spaldingmore, Yorkshire, who, when the rebellion broke out in the -reign of Charles I., raised at his own charge three companies of -foot and a troop of horse for the king's service, with which force -he defeated a party of Scots at Corbridge in Northumberland. Having -been appointed to the command of a body of troops sent by the King -from Oxford into Lincolnshire, he defeated Colonel Rosseter; then -marching against Fairfax, put him to flight and relieved Pontefract -Castle. He subsequently took Berwick-upon-Tweed, and the castle -of Carlisle, but being involved in the defeat of the Duke of -Hamilton, he was taken prisoner at Preston. Having escaped from -confinement he fled to the continent, and in February, 1658, he was -elevated to the peerage by the title of BARON LANGDALE of Holme, in -Spaldingmore, Yorkshire. - -MARMADUKE, second LORD LANGDALE, imbibed from his father strict -principles of loyalty and attachment to the crown, and being known -to be a faithful adherent to the house of Stuart, he was considered -a suitable person to be placed at the head of the Seventh Regiment -of Cuirassiers, now Fifth Dragoon Guards, at the critical period -when the proceedings of the court had alarmed the nation, and -commotions were expected to follow; but he was soon afterwards -relieved from that charge by an officer of more experience in -military affairs, and appointed to the important trust of Governor -of Hull. This place he held in the interest of James II. at the -Revolution in 1688; but he was surprised and made prisoner by -Colonel Copeley, and a party of men who had taken arms and declared -for the Prince of Orange. His lordship was not afterwards employed -in any public capacity; and he died in 1703. - - -RICHARD HAMILTON, - -_Appointed 15th February, 1687_. - -RICHARD HAMILTON was many years in the service of Louis XIV. of -France, during the period that monarch was permitted, by King -Charles II., to employ an English regiment of horse and one English -and one Scots brigade of foot in his service. While engaged in the -French wars he acquired the character of a gallant and enterprising -officer; and he quitted the service of Louis XIV. when Charles -II. demanded the return of his subjects from France in 1678. On -the breaking out of Monmouth's rebellion he raised a troop of -dragoons for the service of King James II., and was afterwards -appointed colonel of one of the regiments of dragoons embodied at -that period. After the suppression of the rebellion he was sent -with his regiment to Ireland, and being a Papist and an officer of -experience, he assisted Tyrconnel in remodelling the Irish army, -by dismissing the Protestants and replacing them with Papists. His -fame as an officer, and his zeal for his religion, occasioned him -to be placed at the head of the Seventh Regiment of Cuirassiers; -but the remodelling of the English army was not completed when the -Revolution took place, and the Roman Catholic officers and soldiers -were placed in confinement. At this period Earl Tyrconnel had given -out new commissions for levying thirty thousand men in Ireland, -and reports were spread that a general massacre of the Protestants -would take place; Richard Hamilton, though a Papist, was believed -to be a man of honour, and he was known to have great influence -with Tyrconnel, and also with the Irish Papists of all ranks, and -having promised either to induce the Lord Lieutenant to resign the -government, or to return and give an account of the negotiation, -he was released from confinement and sent to Ireland; but on -his arrival at Dublin he violated his engagement, and persuaded -Tyrconnel to hold Ireland in the interest of King James. This -breach of trust was rewarded with the rank of lieutenant-general, -and an important post in the Irish army; but he did not long -enjoy his new honours,--having been wounded and taken prisoner at -the battle of the Boyne. Immediately after he was made prisoner, -he was brought into the presence of King William, who put some -questions to him respecting the Irish army, which he answered in -the affirmative, and added the words _upon my honour_: the King -repeated the words _your honour!_ and turned from him, which was -all the rebuke His Majesty gave him for his faithless conduct. He -remained a prisoner until the termination of the war in Ireland, -when he was exchanged for Lord Mountjoy, and proceeding to France, -he appears to have passed the remainder of his life in that country. - - -JOHN COY, - -_Appointed 31st December, 1688_. - -This officer served a short time with the French army in the reign -of Louis XIV., and afterwards commanded a troop in the Duke of -Monmouth's regiment of horse, which regiment was disbanded in -1678. In 1680 he raised a troop of horse for service at Tangier -in Africa; this fortress being besieged by the forces of the -Emperor of Morocco, he proceeded to that country immediately, -and distinguished himself in action with the Moors. In 1683 his -troop of horse was constituted Royal Dragoons; with which corps he -continued to serve, and was engaged at the battle of Sedgemoor in -1685. In 1686 he was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of Shrewsbury's -Cuirassiers: and at the Revolution in 1688 he was promoted to the -Colonelcy of the regiment; with which he served with distinction -in Ireland and Flanders. Having become infirm from age and long -service, he obtained the King's permission to dispose of his -commission, in 1697, to the Earl of Arran; and from this period he -led a retired life until his decease. - - -CHARLES EARL OF ARRAN, - -_Appointed 1st July, 1697_. - -This nobleman descended from the illustrious family of Butler, so -renowned in the past ages for the many valiant, and loyal persons -it has produced. He was the second son of Thomas Butler Earl of -Ossory, (a nobleman distinguished for deeds of valour, loyalty to -his sovereign, and the mild and social virtues which rendered him -an ornament to society,) and grandson of the celebrated James, -_first_ Duke of Ormond. Having served under King William III. in -Ireland and Flanders, where he evinced the same martial spirit and -private virtues which had adorned his ancestors, he was elevated to -the peerage of Ireland in January, 1693, by the titles of Baron of -Cloghgrenan in the Queen's county, Viscount of Tullo in the county -of Cutherlough, and EARL OF the islands of ARRAN in the county of -Galway; he was also, at the same time, created an English peer by -the title of Lord Butler, of Weston, in the county of Huntingdon. -On the 16th of February, 1694, he was promoted to the colonelcy of -a newly raised regiment of horse (which was disbanded at the peace -of Ryswick), and in the summer of 1697 he purchased the colonelcy -of the SIXTH HORSE, now Fifth Dragoon Guards. In March, 1703, he -was promoted to the colonelcy of the Third Troop of Life Guards, -which gave him the privilege of taking the court duty of gold stick -in waiting to Queen Anne; in 1712 Her Majesty constituted him -Master-General of the Ordnance in Ireland; and in the following -year appointed him Governor of Dover Castle, and Deputy Warden of -the Cinque Ports. Soon after the accession of King George I. his -Lordship was elected Chancellor of the University of Oxford. After -the impeachment of his brother, James, second Duke of Ormond, for -high treason, the Earl of Arran quitted the army. In February, -1716, he was constituted Lord High Steward of Westminster: and in -1721 he was permitted, by an Act of Parliament, to purchase his -brother's forfeited estates. He died on the 17th of December, 1758, -at the advanced age of eighty-eight years. - - -WILLIAM CADOGAN, - -_Appointed 2d March, 1703_. - -WILLIAM CADOGAN descended from a family of great honour and -antiquity in Wales; and having embraced the profession of arms, -he distinguished himself under King William III. in Ireland and -Flanders, and was appointed major of the Inniskilling Dragoons. -On the breaking out of hostilities in 1701, his great merit and -abilities, which had become conspicuous in the preceding war, -occasioned him to be promoted to the rank of colonel in the -army, and appointed (1st June, 1701) quartermaster-general of -the troops sent to Holland. He eminently distinguished himself -under the great Duke of Marlborough, whose confidence and esteem -he possessed in a high degree, and was promoted, in 1703, from -the Inniskilling Dragoons to the colonelcy of the SIXTH HORSE. -Advancing with the army into Germany he signalized himself at the -battle of Schellenberg, on the 2d of July, 1704, where he had -several shots through his clothes, and was wounded in the thigh. -At the battle of Blenheim he evinced that undaunted bravery and -greatness of soul with which he was signally endowed, and was -promoted immediately afterwards to the rank of brigadier-general. -In the following year he again signalized himself at the forcing -of the French lines, where his regiment defeated the Bavarian -Guards and took four standards; and in the memorable battle of -Ramilies, fought on the 23d of May, 1706, he acquired new honour, -and was despatched shortly after the action with a body of troops -to summon Antwerp, which fortress surrendered to him in a few days. -On the 16th of August he commanded a body of troops employed in -covering a foraging party near Tournay, and advancing with his -characteristic boldness too near the town, he was surprised by a -party of the enemy and made prisoner; he was, however, released on -his parole three days afterwards, and was subsequently exchanged -for Baron Palavicini. In January, 1707, he was promoted to the -rank of major-general, and he was afterwards appointed minister -plenipotentiary to the government of the Spanish Netherlands, -in which employment he evinced the most admirable dexterity in -business, and a peculiar aptitude in conducting negotiations. He -commanded the van of the army in the movements which preceded and -led to the battle of Oudenarde in 1708, and on this occasion his -peculiar merits again shone forth; also in the part which he took -in covering the siege of Lisle, in the action at Wynendale, and -in forcing the passage of the Scheldt; and on the 1st of January, -1709, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general. On the -day preceding the battle of Malplaquet he was sent to confer -with the French commander, and when near the enemy's position he -indicated to a colonel of artillery, by dropping his glove, the -spot where a battery was to be placed on the following morning, -which proved of great importance. During the siege of Mons he -went voluntarily into the trenches to encourage the soldiers in -the attack of a ravelin, when his aide-de-camp was killed at his -side, and he was dangerously wounded in the neck. Every additional -campaign added new lustre to his rising reputation, and in that -sublime display of military talent by which the French lines were -forced in the summer of 1711, and Bouchain captured, he performed -a distinguished part, as detailed in the Historical Record of the -Fifth Dragoon Guards. When political events occasioned the removal -of the Duke of Marlborough from all his appointments dependent on -the crown, Lieutenant-General Cadogan, who had shared with this -illustrious commander in his toils, dangers, and triumphs, and -who, like him, was stedfast in his devotion to the Protestant -interest, and to the succession of the house of Hanover, was -removed from his appointments of quartermaster-general and governor -of the Tower, and called upon to dispose of his regiment for -three thousand pounds to General Kellum. He was soon afterwards -gratified by witnessing the accession of King George I., by whom -he was appointed Colonel of the Second Foot Guards, Master of the -Robes, and envoy extraordinary and plenipotentiary to the States -General of Holland, in which capacity he conducted negotiations -of great importance, and displayed those gifts of nature with -which his mind was adorned; and while thus employed he was -appointed Governor of the Isle of Wight. On the breaking out of -the rebellion of the Earl of Mar, he changed the labours of the -cabinet for those of the field, and in the depth of winter, in the -midst of the most piercing frosts and snow, he evinced unshaken -perseverance in extinguishing the flame of rebellion in Scotland, -and was made a Knight of the most ancient order of the Thistle. -On the 30th of June, 1716, he was elevated to the peerage by the -title of LORD CADOGAN, Baron of Reading. In the autumn of the -same year he was again sent as plenipotentiary to the States of -Holland; on his return in 1717 he was sworn of the Privy Council, -and afterwards promoted to the rank of general; and in May, -1718, he was created Baron of Oakley, Viscount of Caversham, and -EARL CADOGAN. He was subsequently employed in negotiations of an -important character with the house of Austria, Court of Spain, and -States of Holland; and on the decease of the Duke of Marlborough -in 1722, he was appointed General Commanding-in-Chief of the army. -This distinguished nobleman died on the 17th of July, 1726, and was -buried in Westminster Abbey. - - -GEORGE KELLUM, - -_Appointed 22d December, 1712_. - -GEORGE KELLUM obtained the commission of cornet in the Earl of -Shrewsbury's regiment of horse, now Fifth Dragoon Guards, when -that corps was embodied in 1685, and he served in Ireland and the -Netherlands, under King William III. Having been promoted to the -lieutenant-colonelcy, he commanded the regiment in the wars of -Queen Anne, and was promoted to the rank of colonel in the army in -1703. In the following year he distinguished himself at the battle -of Schellenberg, and led the regiment to the charge with signal -gallantry at the glorious battle of Blenheim. At the forcing of -the French lines in 1705, he acquired additional laurels; and at -the memorable battle of Ramilies, the squadrons under his orders -were again victorious. In 1707 he was promoted to the rank of -brigadier-general; in 1708 he commanded a brigade at the battle -of Oudenarde; and in 1709 at that of Malplaquet; in 1710 he was -promoted to the rank of major-general; and in 1712 to that of -lieutenant-general; and in the same year he purchased the colonelcy -of the regiment in which he had served so many years: he was, -however, removed in 1717, and died on the 27th of December, 1732. - - -ROBERT NAPIER, - -_Appointed 27th May, 1717_. - -This officer was appointed cornet in the SIXTH HORSE, now FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS, in January, 1692, and served with the regiment -in the Netherlands until the peace of Ryswick. In 1702 he was -promoted to the majority, and while serving with his regiment in -Germany he was severely wounded at the battle of Schellenberg. In -1705 he was with his regiment at the forcing of the French lines, -and in 1706 he was at Ramilies, and was promoted to the rank of -colonel in the army a few days after the battle. He continued to -serve at the theatre of war; was appointed brigadier-general in -1711; and obtained the colonelcy of the regiment in 1717. He was -promoted to the rank of major-general in 1727; and to that of -lieutenant-general in 1735: and died on the 10th of November, 1739. - - -CLEMENT NEVILLE, - -_Appointed 6th May, 1740_. - -CLEMENT NEVILLE entered the army at the Revolution; his first -commission being dated the 6th of December, 1688, and after serving -with distinction in the wars of King William and Queen Anne, he -was promoted to the rank of colonel in the army at the close of -the campaign of 1711. On the 9th of April, 1720, King George I. -conferred on him the colonelcy of the Fourteenth Dragoons, from -which he was removed in 1737 to the Eighth Dragoons, and in 1739 -he was promoted to the rank of major-general. The colonelcy of the -SIXTH HORSE was conferred on this veteran in the following year; he -was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general in 1743; and he died -in August, 1744. - - -RICHARD VISCOUNT COBHAM, - -_Appointed 5th August, 1744_. - -SIR RICHARD TEMPLE served under King William in the Netherlands, -and on the breaking out of the war of the Spanish succession, he -was promoted to the colonelcy of a newly-raised regiment of foot, -which was disbanded at the peace of Utrecht. He served under -the great Duke of Marlborough, and was conspicuous for a noble -bearing, a greatness of soul, and a contempt of danger, which he -exhibited in a signal manner at the sieges of Venloo and Ruremonde, -at the battle of Oudenarde, and at the siege of the important -fortress of Lisle. In January, 1709, he was promoted to the rank -of major-general, and his conduct at the siege of Tournay, the -sanguinary battle of Malplaquet, and siege of Mons, was rewarded, -in the following year, with the rank of lieutenant-general and -the colonelcy of the Fourth Dragoons. He served under the Duke -of Marlborough in 1711, and had the honour of taking part in the -forcing of the French lines at Arleux, and the capture of the -strong fortress of Bouchain. After the change in the ministry and -the adoption of a new system of policy by the court, the well-known -attachment of this officer to the Protestant succession, occasioned -him to be removed from his regiment; but on the accession of King -George I. he was elevated to the peerage by the title of BARON OF -COBHAM, and in 1715 he was appointed Colonel of the Royal Dragoons. -In 1717 he was appointed Governor of Windsor Castle; in 1718 he -was advanced to the dignity of VISCOUNT COBHAM; and in 1721 he was -removed to the King's Horse, now First Dragoon Guards. He was also -one of the Privy Council, and Governor of the island of Jersey; but -resigned his appointments in 1733. On the change of the ministry in -1742 he was promoted to the rank of field-marshal, and in December -of the same year King George II. conferred upon him the colonelcy -of the First troop of Horse Grenadier Guards. In 1744 he was -removed to the SIXTH HORSE, and in 1745 to the Tenth Dragoons, the -colonelcy of which corps he retained until his decease in 1749. - - -THOMAS WENTWORTH, - -_Appointed 20th June, 1745_. - -THOMAS WENTWORTH was appointed to a commission in the army on the -10th of March, 1704, and served several campaigns in the wars -of Queen Anne. In December, 1722, he was promoted to the rank -of colonel in the army, and in 1732 he was appointed colonel of -the Thirty-ninth Foot, from which he was removed in June, 1737, -to the Twenty-fourth Foot. Two years afterwards he was appointed -brigadier-general; in 1741 he was promoted to the rank of -major-general; and in 1745 he was appointed to the colonelcy of -the SIXTH HORSE, which corps became the SECOND IRISH HORSE in the -following year. He served the crown in a diplomatic as well as a -military capacity, and died at the court of Turin in November, 1747. - - -THOMAS BLIGH, - -_Appointed 22d December, 1747_. - -This officer entered the army in the reign of King George I.; -rose to the rank of Lieutenant-colonel of the SIXTH HORSE, and in -December, 1740 he was appointed Colonel of the Twentieth Regiment -of Foot. On the 27th of May, 1745, he was promoted to the rank -of brigadier-general; was removed to the Twelfth Dragoons in the -following year, and promoted to the rank of major-general in -1747. He was removed to the colonelcy of the SECOND IRISH HORSE -in December of the same year; and was promoted to the rank of -lieutenant-general in 1754. - -War having commenced between Great Britain and France in 1756, -Lieutenant-General Bligh was appointed, in the summer of 1758, to -the command of an expedition designed to make a descent on the -coast of France, with the view of causing a diversion in favour of -the army commanded by Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick in Germany. The -fleet sailed in the beginning of August, and in seven days arrived -in Cherbourg roads. The troops were landed, the town of Cherbourg -was captured, the harbour, pier, and forts were destroyed, and -the brass ordnance brought away as trophies of this success. In -September a landing was effected on the coast of Brittany with the -view of besieging St. Maloes; but this being found impracticable, -the troops, after marching a short distance up the country, -retired and re-embarked at the bay of St. Cas. The enemy advanced -in great numbers under the command of the Duke of Aguillon, and -attacking the rear of the British army, occasioned great loss. -Lieutenant-General Bligh was much censured for his conduct on this -occasion, and soon after the return of the expedition, he retired -from the service. - - -HON. JOHN WALDEGRAVE, - -_Appointed 23d October, 1758_. - -The HON. JOHN WALDEGRAVE obtained a commission in the First Foot -Guards in 1737; in July 1743, he was appointed captain-lieutenant -in the Third Foot Guards; in September following he obtained the -command of a company, and in 1748 he was promoted to the commission -of major in the same corps. On the 26th of June 1751, he was -promoted to the colonelcy of the Ninth Foot; he was removed to the -Eighth Dragoons in 1755; and to the SECOND IRISH HORSE in 1758. -Having been promoted to the rank of major-general, he proceeded -to Germany, and commanded the brigade of infantry which so highly -distinguished itself in 1759, at the battle of Minden, where his -gallantry and extraordinary presence of mind at a critical moment -decided the fate of the day. In September of the same year he was -removed to the Second Dragoon Guards, and continuing to serve in -Germany during the remainder of the seven years' war, gave signal -proofs of ability and valour in numerous actions with the enemy, -and was equally conspicuous for kindness of heart and regard for -the soldiers who served under his orders. In 1763, he succeeded to -the title of EARL WALDEGRAVE; he was afterwards advanced to the -rank of general, and in 1773, he obtained the colonelcy of the -Second Foot Guards, which he retained until his decease in October -1784. - - -HON. JOHN FITZ-WILLIAM, - -_Appointed 27th November 1760_. - -The HON. JOHN FITZ-WILLIAM obtained a commission of captain and -lieutenant-colonel in the First Foot Guards, in 1745; was promoted -to the colonelcy of the Second or Queen's Royal Regiment of Foot -in 1755; and in June, 1759, he obtained the rank of major-general -in the army. In the following year he was removed to the -colonelcy of the SECOND IRISH HORSE; was promoted to the rank of -lieutenant-general in 1761; to that of general in 1783; and died in -1789. - - -JOHN DOUGLAS, - -_Appointed 27th August, 1789_. - -JOHN DOUGLAS was many years an officer in the Second Dragoons -(Scots Greys), with which corps he served at the battle of Fontenoy -in 1745. He was promoted to the rank of captain in 1755; proceeded -with the regiment to Germany in 1758, and was appointed major -in the following spring. He served four campaigns under Prince -Ferdinand of Brunswick in Germany, and was at numerous battles and -skirmishes. In 1770, he was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy -of the Scots Greys; he was advanced to the rank of colonel in the -army in 1775, and to that of major-general in February 1779. In -April of the same year he was appointed Colonel of the Twenty-first -Light Dragoons,--then first embodied and formed of the light -troops belonging to certain dragoon regiments. At the termination -of the American war in 1783, his regiment was disbanded; and in -April 1787, he was appointed Colonel of the Fourteenth Foot: he -was also promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general in the same -year. In 1789, he was appointed to the colonelcy of the FIFTH -DRAGOON GUARDS, which he retained until his decease, on the 10th of -November 1790. - - -THOMAS BLAND, - -_Appointed 18th November, 1790_. - -This officer obtained a cornetcy in the Seventh Dragoons on the -30th of March, 1754, and continued in that regiment upwards of -thirty-six years. He served three campaigns in Germany under the -Duke of Brunswick; was appointed major of the regiment in 1765, -and lieutenant-colonel in 1771. In 1782, he was promoted to the -rank of major-general, and in 1790 he was appointed from the -lieutenant-colonelcy of the Seventh Dragoons to the colonelcy of -the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS. In 1796, he was promoted to the rank of -lieutenant-general, and to that of general in 1781. He died on the -14th of October, 1816. - - -PRINCE LEOPOLD OF SAXE-COBURG, - -_Appointed 18th October, 1816_. - -This illustrious Prince, whose military services have become -connected with the RECORD of the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS, by his -appointment to the colonelcy of the regiment, entered the army -of the Emperor Alexander of Russia in 1803, and rose to the -rank of major-general; but in 1810, Bonaparte demanded that His -Royal Highness should quit the Russian service, and the Prince -was induced to acquiesce, in order to conciliate Napoleon, and -to preserve the possessions of the house of Coburg from being -seized on by the French. Prince Leopold was subsequently employed -in negotiating an arrangement respecting the principality of -Coburg, with the crown of Bavaria, in which he displayed superior -diplomatic talents. At the commencement of 1813, he exerted -himself, as far as his situation permitted, at that critical and -momentous period, to prepare the emancipation of Germany, and in -February he proceeded to Poland, to the Emperor of Russia, by whom -he was cordially received, and a command in the Russian army was -given to His Royal Highness. He was at the battle of Lutzen on the -2d of May; was subsequently sent by forced marches towards the -Elbe, to support the Prussian General Kleist; but the Prince's -destination was afterwards changed, and on the 19th of May he -marched to support General Barclay de Tolly: His Royal Highness -was, however, recalled, to take part in the battle of Bautzen, on -the 20th and 21st of the same month; and after supporting the line -at various points, he covered the retreat on the evening of the -second day, with the cavalry under his orders, amidst the hottest -fire. - -On the 26th of August His Royal Highness was detached to support -the corps under Prince Eugene of Wirtemberg, posted near the -fortress of Königstein; and Prince Leopold maintained, with his -cavalry, a precarious position for five hours, against the repeated -attacks of a force treble his own numbers, by which he defeated -the designs of the enemy, and preserved Prince Eugene's troops -from destruction. On the following day the corps took post beyond -Pirna, which place the enemy took by storm, and endeavoured to -extend with his cavalry upon the level ground near the Elbe; but -was driven back by the troops under Prince Leopold. The main -army, however, retired towards Bohemia, by which the retreat of -the corps near Pirna was rendered difficult, and the abilities of -His Royal Highness were particularly conspicuous in the masterly -dispositions and skilful movements of the cavalry under his orders, -in facilitating and covering the retrogade movement of the corps. A -sharp action occurred in the village of Peterswalde on the 29th of -August, when His Royal Highness signalized himself; several other -actions occurred on the same day in the mountains, and towards -the evening, the Prince repulsed the attack of a superior force -near the village of Prisen, with signal bravery and astonishing -success; and on the following morning he received from the Emperor -Alexander the Cross of the military order of St. George. The action -was renewed on the 30th of August, and the allied army having been -concentrated, the French were defeated with considerable loss. -Prince Leopold had a distinguished share in the engagement, and -he pursued the retiring enemy to the village of Peterswalde: the -brilliant conduct of His Royal Highness between the 26th and 30th -of August, was rewarded by the Emperor of Austria with the military -order of Maria Theresa. - -Prince Leopold had a distinguished post at the battle of Leipzig, -and, with the cavalry under his orders, contributed materially -to the decisive termination of that gigantic contest. His Royal -Highness was actively employed in the beginning of 1814; was at -the battle of Brienne, and in the pursuit of the defeated army -on the 2d of February, and in several minor affairs. On the 25th -of March the Prince was in the action with the French at La Fere -Champenoise, when, attacking the enemy's right flank at Caunentrai, -he carried the position, captured five pieces of cannon, and, -when attacked in turn, he repulsed the enemy, and maintained his -ground with signal intrepidity. The battle of Paris concluded -the campaign, and on the 31st of March, the Prince entered that -city with the cavalry of the reserve, and remained there in -garrison. These important events were succeeded by the abdication -of Napoleon, and, when the Congress assembled at Vienna, Prince -Leopold of Saxe-Coburg conducted the business relating to his own -country. - -On the return of Bonaparte to France, in 1815, Prince Leopold -proceeded to the grand army on the Rhine, and soon afterwards -reached Paris. On the termination of the war he visited England; -became a suitor to Her Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte of -Wales, and, having obtained the consent of the Prince Regent, the -nuptials between Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, and the presumptive -heiress to the British throne, were eventually solemnized. - -On the 2d of May, 1816, Prince Leopold obtained the rank of general -in the British service, and on the 24th of the same month he was -promoted to the rank of field-marshal. The colonelcy of the FIFTH, -OR PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES' REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS was -conferred upon Prince Leopold in October of the same year, and he -presented to the officers' mess a handsome service of plate. His -Royal Highness was also honoured with the Order of the Garter, -and the Order of the Bath; but in the midst of these accumulated -distinctions he sustained the loss of his amiable consort, whose -decease on the 6th November, 1817, occasioned the most sincere -grief throughout the kingdom, and Prince Leopold was for some time -inconsolable. - -The events which transpired in the Netherlands in 1830, having led -to the separation of several provinces from Holland, and to the -formation of an independent state, called Belgium, Prince Leopold -was invited to accept of the sovereignty of that kingdom in 1831, -and His Royal Highness acquiesced. Thus the FIFTH DRAGOON GUARDS -had the gratification of witnessing the elevation of their colonel -to a throne. - -On resigning the colonelcy His Royal Highness was pleased to cause -the following farewell address to be sent to the regiment:-- - - "_Claremont, 14th July, 1831._ - - "The Prince Leopold is desirous on quitting England, to - communicate to his regiment, that the circumstances which - call him to another country have made it necessary for him to - relinquish the command of the corps; and he has reserved it, as - one of his last and most painful duties, to bid them farewell. It - would have been His Royal Highness's wish on this occasion, to - have expressed personally to the regiment his regret in leaving - them, and the sincere wishes he shall always entertain for their - happiness and welfare; but their distant quarter, and the hurry - which unavoidably attends his departure, render such a desire - impracticable. - - "In taking leave of the regiment, which it has been his - happiness for so many years to command, many subjects press - on His Royal Highness's attention that he would be anxious - publicly to advert to; some of these bear paramount claim to - his thankfulness and recollection; and it is such that he is - chiefly solicitous to notice and record, on this last occasion - of his addressing them:--he alludes particularly to the uniform - maintenance of discipline, efficiency, and high character, which - have marked the corps as one of the most distinguished in the - service, throughout the long period he has known them;--this - has been conspicuous, whether considered with respect to their - efficiency in equipment,--their discipline and conduct in - quarters,--or their movements and perfection in the field,--in - every point, these have been eminently and invariably supported, - and have established a name to the regiment, that, as it should - be the first ambition, so it is among the highest rewards, a - soldier can know. To Lieutenant-Colonel Wallace, whose zeal and - knowledge of the service have guided and perfected this state - of discipline;--to the officers, who have ably and successfully - devoted their efforts to uphold it;--to the non-commissioned - officers and privates, who have maintained the discipline marked - out to them, and, sharing the feelings of their officers in the - character of the regiment, have by their conduct assisted to - uphold it;--to one and all,--individually and collectively,--His - Royal Highness returns his most hearty thanks, with his - unqualified approbation of their conduct, under every view of - discipline or exigency of service:--to such officers and to such - men, it is unnecessary to say anything that can urge or stimulate - their future zeal; His Royal Highness feels assured, that their - Sovereign's approbation will ever remain their first aim, while - _the name of the regiment_, deeply honoured by them and cherished - in their hearts, will never cease to influence them in attaining - that high distinction. His Royal Highness has always felt pride - in being one of their number, and he can never cease to feel the - truest interest in whatever can affect their name as a corps, - or their welfare and happiness as individuals; and with his - heartfelt wishes for the uninterrupted prosperity and perfection - of both, he reluctantly bids them, Farewell. - - (Signed) "ROBERT GARDINER. - - "_To Lieutenant-Colonel Wallace, "Commanding Fifth Dragoon - Guards._" - - -SIR JOHN SLADE, BART., G. C. H. - -_Appointed 20th July, 1831_. - - -THE END. - - - - - LONDON: - - Printed by W. CLOWES and SONS, - Duke-street, Stamford-street. - - - - - TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE - - The ornamental symbol for the 'Second Irish Horse' is displayed as - 'II/H' in the etext. The original text shows a small 'II' over a - small 'H' with no slash or bar. - - Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been - corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within - the text and consultation of external sources. - - Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, - and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. For example, - head quarters, head-quarters; cap à pié, cap-à-pié; negociations. - - Pg vi, 'Sir John Slade ... 98' replaced by 'Sir John Slade ... 99'. - Pg 67, 'was discocovered in' replaced by 'was discovered in'. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Historical Record of The Fifth or -Princess Charlotte of Wales's Regimen, by Richard Cannon - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD--5TH WALES REGIMENT *** - -***** This file should be named 54607-0.txt or 54607-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/4/6/0/54607/ - -Produced by Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -book was produced from images made available by the -HathiTrust Digital Library.) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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max-width: 100%; height: auto;} - -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - padding-top: 1em; - padding-bottom: 1em; - text-align: center; -} - -/* Footnotes */ -.footnotes {border: dashed 1px; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 3em; - padding-bottom: 1em;} - -.footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 90%;} -.footnote p {text-indent: 0em;} -.footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .8em; - text-decoration: - none; -} - -/* Transcriber's notes */ -.transnote { - background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size:90%; - padding:0.5em; - margin-top:5em; - margin-bottom:5em; - font-family:sans-serif, serif; -} - -.transnote p {text-indent: 0em;} - - </style> - </head> - -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Historical Record of The Fifth or -Princess Charlotte of Wales's Regimen, by Richard Cannon - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Historical Record of The Fifth or Princess Charlotte of Wales's Regiment of Dragoon Guards - Containing an Account of the Formation of the Regiment in - 1685; with its Subsequent Services to 1838 - -Author: Richard Cannon - -Release Date: April 26, 2017 [EBook #54607] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD--5TH WALES REGIMENT *** - - - - -Produced by Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -book was produced from images made available by the -HathiTrust Digital Library.) - - - - - - -</pre> - - - -<div class="transnote"> -<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE</strong></p> - -<p>Some minor changes are noted at <a href="#TN">the end of the book.</a></p> -</div> - - -<div class="figcenter pg-brk"> -<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="600" alt="original cover" /> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap pg-brk" /> - -<p class="pfs240 lsp wsp">HISTORICAL RECORDS</p> - -<p class="p4 pfs70">OF THE</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs240 wsp">BRITISH ARMY.</p> - -<p class="p6" /> -<hr class="r30" /> -<p class="pfs90 wsp">PREPARED FOR PUBLICATION UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE -ADJUTANT-GENERAL.</p> -<hr class="r30" /> -<p class="p6" /> - -<h1> -THE FIFTH,<br /><br /> - -<span class="small">OR</span><br /><br /> - -<span class="xl">PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT -OF DRAGOON GUARDS.</span> -</h1> - - -<hr class="chap pg-brk" /> -<p class="p6" /> - -<p class="pfs90">LONDON:<br /> -Printed by <span class="smcap">William Clowes</span> and <span class="smcap">Sons</span>,<br /> -14, Charing Cross.</p> -<p class="p6" /> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2>GENERAL ORDERS.</h2> - -<hr class="r20" /> - -<p class="p2 right small padr1"><em>HORSE-GUARDS,</em></p> -<p class="right small"><em>1st January, 1836.</em></p> - -<p class="in3">His Majesty has been pleased to command, -that, with a view of doing the fullest justice to Regiments, -as well as to Individuals who have distinguished -themselves by their Bravery in Action with -the Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Regiment -in the British Army shall be published under -the superintendence and direction of the Adjutant-General; -and that this Account shall contain the -following particulars: <em>viz.</em>,</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>—— The Period and Circumstances of the Original -Formation of the Regiment; The Stations at -which it has been from time to time employed; The -Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations, in -which it has been engaged, particularly specifying -any Achievement it may have performed, and the -Colours, Trophies, &c., it may have captured from -the Enemy.</p> - -<p>—— The Names of the Officers and the number of -Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates, Killed or -Wounded by the Enemy, specifying the Place and -Date of the Action.</p> - -<p>—— The Names of those Officers, who, in consideration -of their Gallant Services and Meritorious -Conduct in Engagements with the Enemy, have been -distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other Marks of -His Majesty's gracious favour.</p> - -<p>—— The Names of all such Officers, Non-Commissioned -Officers and Privates as may have specially -signalized themselves in Action.</p> - -<p>And,</p> - -<p>—— The Badges and Devices which the Regiment -may have been permitted to bear, and the Causes -on account of which such Badges or Devices, or any -other Marks of Distinction, have been granted.</p></div> - -<p class="right padr4">By Command of the Right Honourable</p> -<p class="right padr2">GENERAL LORD HILL,</p> -<p class="right"><em>Commanding-in-Chief</em>.</p> - -<p class="p2 right lsp"><span class="smcap">John Macdonald</span>,</p> -<p class="right padr1"><em>Adjutant-General</em>.</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h2 class="lsp">PREFACE.</h2> -<p class="p4" /> - -<p class="noindent">The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly -depend upon the zeal and ardour, by which all who enter -into its service are animated, and consequently it is of the -highest importance that any measure calculated to excite the -spirit of emulation, by which alone great and gallant actions -are achieved, should be adopted.</p> - -<p>Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this -desirable object, than a full display of the noble deeds with -which the Military History of our country abounds. To hold -forth these bright examples to the imitation of the youthful -soldier, and thus to incite him to emulate the meritorious -conduct of those who have preceded him in their honourable -career, are among the motives that have given rise to the -present publication.</p> - -<p>The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced -in the 'London Gazette,' from whence they are transferred -into the public prints: the achievements of our armies are thus -made known at the time of their occurrence, and receive the -tribute of praise and admiration to which they are entitled. -On extraordinary occasions, the Houses of Parliament have -been in the habit of conferring on the Commanders, and the -Officers and Troops acting under their orders, expressions of -approbation and of thanks for their skill and bravery, and these -testimonials, confirmed by the high honour of their Sovereign's -Approbation, constitute the reward which the soldier most -highly prizes.</p> - -<p>It has not, however, until late years, been the practice (which -appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental -armies) for British Regiments to keep regular records of their -services and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been -experienced in obtaining, particularly from the old Regiments, -an authentic account of their origin and subsequent services.</p> - -<p>This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His -Majesty having been pleased to command, that every Regiment -shall in future keep a full and ample record of its services at -home and abroad.</p> - -<p>From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth -derive information as to the difficulties and privations -which chequer the career of those who embrace the military -profession. In Great Britain, where so large a number of -persons are devoted to the active concerns of agriculture, -manufactures, and commerce, and where these pursuits have, -for so long a period, been undisturbed by the <em>presence of war</em>, -which few other countries have escaped, comparatively little -is known of the vicissitudes of active service, and of the -casualties of climate, to which, even during peace, the British -Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, with little or -no interval of repose.</p> - -<p>In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the -country derives from the industry and the enterprise of the agriculturist -and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed -not often to reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and -the sailor,—on their sufferings,—and on the sacrifice of valuable -life, by which so many national benefits are obtained -and preserved.</p> - -<p>The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, -have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties; -and their character has been established in Continental -warfare by the irresistible spirit with which they have effected -debarkations in spite of the most formidable opposition, and -by the gallantry and steadiness with which they have maintained -their advantages against superior numbers.</p> - -<p>In the official Reports made by the respective Commanders, -ample justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions -of the Corps employed; but the details of their services, and -of acts of individual bravery, can only be fully given in the -Annals of the various Regiments.</p> - -<p>These Records are now preparing for publication, under -His Majesty's special authority, by Mr. <span class="smcap">Richard Cannon</span>, -Principal Clerk of the Adjutant-General's Office; and while -the perusal of them cannot fail to be useful and interesting to -military men of every rank, it is considered that they will also -afford entertainment and information to the general reader, -particularly to those who may have served in the Army, or -who have relatives in the Service.</p> - -<p>There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, -or are serving, in the Army, an <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Esprit de Corps</i>—an attachment -to every thing belonging to their Regiment; to such -persons a narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot -fail to prove interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions -of the great,—the valiant,—the loyal, have always been of -paramount interest with a brave and civilised people. Great -Britain has produced a race of heroes who, in moments of -danger and terror, have stood, "firm as the rocks of their -native shore;" and when half the World has been arrayed -against them, they have fought the battles of their Country -with unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of -achievements in war,—victories so complete and surprising, -gained by our countrymen,—our brothers—our fellow-citizens -in arms,—a record which revives the memory of the brave, -and brings their gallant deeds before us, will certainly prove -acceptable to the public.</p> - -<p>Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished -Officers, will be introduced in the Records of their respective -Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from -time to time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testifying -the value and importance of its services, will be faithfully -set forth.</p> - -<p>As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each -Regiment will be printed in a distinct number, so that when -the whole shall be completed, the Parts may be bound up in -numerical succession.</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[Pg i]</a></span></p> - -<h2>INTRODUCTION.</h2> -<hr class="r20" /> - -<p class="noindent">The ancient Armies of England were composed -of Horse and Foot; but the feudal troops established -by William the Conqueror in 1086, consisted -almost entirely of Horse. Under the feudal -system, every holder of land amounting to what -was termed a "knight's fee," was required to -provide a charger, a coat of mail, a helmet, a -shield, and a lance, and to serve the Crown a -period of forty days in each year at his own -expense; and the great landholders had to provide -armed men in proportion to the extent of -their estates; consequently the ranks of the feudal -Cavalry were completed with men of property, -and the vassals and tenants of the great barons, -who led their dependents to the field in person.</p> - -<p>In the succeeding reigns the Cavalry of the -Army was composed of Knights (or men at arms) -and Hobiliers (or horsemen of inferior degree); -and the Infantry of spear and battle-axe men, -cross-bowmen, and archers. The Knights wore -armour on every part of the body, and their -weapons were a lance, a sword, and a small -dagger. The Hobiliers were accoutred and armed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[ii]</a></span> -for the light and less important services of war, -and were not considered qualified for a charge in -line. Mounted Archers<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> were also introduced, -and the English nation eventually became pre-eminent -in the use of the bow.</p> - -<p>About the time of Queen Mary the appellation -of "<em>Men at Arms</em>" was changed to that of "<em>Spears</em> -and <em>Launces</em>." The introduction of fire-arms ultimately -occasioned the lance to fall into disuse, -and the title of the Horsemen of the first degree -was changed to "<em>Cuirassiers</em>." The Cuirassiers -were armed <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">cap-à-pié</i>, and their weapons were a -sword with a straight narrow blade and sharp -point, and a pair of large pistols, called petrenels; -and the Hobiliers carried carbines. The Infantry -carried pikes, matchlocks, and swords. The -introduction of fire-arms occasioned the formation -of regiments armed and equipped as infantry, -but mounted on small horses for the sake of -expedition of movement, and these were styled -"<em>Dragoons</em>;" a small portion of the military -force of the kingdom, however, consisted of this -description of troops.</p> - -<p>The formation of the present Army commenced<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[iii]</a></span> -after the Restoration in 1660, with the establishment -of regular corps of Horse and Foot; the -Horsemen were cuirassiers, but only wore armour -on the head and body; and the Foot were pike-men -and musketeers. The arms which each -description of force carried, are described in the -following extract from the "Regulations of King -Charles II.," dated 5th May, 1663:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>"Each Horseman to have for his defensive -armes, back, breast, and pot; and for his offensive -armes, a sword, and a case of pistolls, the -barrels whereof are not to be und<sup>r</sup>. foorteen -inches in length; and each Trooper of Our -Guards to have a carbine, besides the aforesaid -armes. And the Foote to have each souldier a -sword, and each pikeman a pike of 16 foote -long and not und<sup>r</sup>.; and each musqueteer a -musquet, with a collar of bandaliers, the barrels -of which musquet to be about foor foote long, -and to conteine a bullet, foorteen of which shall -weigh a pound weight<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>."</p></div> - -<p>The ranks of the Troops of Horse were at this -period composed of men of some property—generally -the sons of substantial yeomen: the young -men received as recruits provided their own horses,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[iv]</a></span> -and they were placed on a rate of pay sufficient -to give them a respectable station in society.</p> - -<p>On the breaking out of the war with Holland, -in the spring of 1672, a Regiment of Dragoons -was raised<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a>; the Dragoons were placed on a lower -rate of pay than the Horse; and the Regiment -was armed similar to the Infantry, excepting that -a limited number of the men carried halberds -instead of pikes, and the others muskets and bayonets; -and a few men in each Troop had pistols; -as appears by a warrant dated the 2nd of April, -1672, of which the following is an extract:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>"<span class="smcap">Charles R.</span></p> - -<p class="in3">"Our will and pleasure is, that a Regiment -of Dragoones which we have established -and ordered to be raised, in twelve Troopes of -fourscore in each beside officers, who are to be -under the command of Our most deare and most -intirely beloved Cousin Prince Rupert, shall -be armed out of Our stoares remaining within -Our office of the Ordinance, as followeth; that -is to say, three corporalls, two serjeants, the -gentlemen at armes, and twelve souldiers of -each of the said twelve Troopes, are to have and -carry each of them one halbard, and one case<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span> -of pistolls with holsters; and the rest of the -souldiers of the several Troopes aforesaid, are -to have and to carry each of them one match-locke -musquet, with a collar of bandaliers, and -also to have and to carry one bayonet<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>, or great -knife. That each lieutenant have and carry -one partizan; and that two drums be delivered -out for each Troope of the said Regiment<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a>."</p></div> - -<p>Several regiments of Horse and Dragoons were -raised in the first year of the reign of King -James II.; and the horsemen carried a short carbine<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> -in addition to the sword and pair of pistols: -and in a Regulation dated the 21st of February, -1687, the arms of the Dragoons at that period are -commanded to be as follow:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>"The Dragoons to have snaphanse musquets, -strapt, with bright barrels of three foote eight -inches long, cartouch-boxes, bayonetts, granado -pouches, bucketts, and hammer-hatchetts."</p></div> - -<p>After several years' experience, little advantage -was found to accrue from having Cavalry Regiments -formed almost exclusively for engaging the -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span>enemy on foot; and, the Horse having laid aside -their armour, the arms and equipment of Horse -and Dragoons were so nearly assimilated, that -there remained little distinction besides the name -and rate of pay. The introduction of improvements -into the mounting, arming, and equipment -of Dragoons rendered them competent to the -performance of every description of service required -of Cavalry; and, while the long musket -and bayonet were retained, to enable them to act -as Infantry, if necessary, they were found to be -equally efficient, and of equal value to the nation, -as Cavalry, with the Regiments of Horse.</p> - -<p>In the several augmentations made to the -regular Army after the early part of the reign of -Queen Anne, no new Regiments of Horse were -raised for permanent service; and in 1746 King -George II. reduced three of the old Regiments -of Horse to the quality and pay of Dragoons; at -the same time, His Majesty gave them the title of -First, Second, and Third Regiments of <em>Dragoon -Guards</em>: and in 1788 the same alteration was -made in the remaining four Regiments of Horse, -which then became the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and -Seventh Regiments of <em>Dragoon Guards</em>.</p> - -<p>At present there are only three Regiments -which are styled <em>Horse</em> in the British Army,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span> -namely, the two Regiments of Life Guards, and -the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards, to whom -cuirasses have recently been restored. The other -Cavalry Regiments consist of Dragoon Guards, -Heavy and Light Dragoons, Hussars, and Lancers; -and although the long musket and bayonet have -been laid aside by the whole of the Cavalry, and -the Regiments are armed and equipped on the -principle of the old Horse (excepting the cuirass), -they continue to be styled Dragoons.</p> - -<p>The old Regiments of Horse formed a highly -respectable and efficient portion of the Army, -and it is found, on perusing the histories of the -various campaigns in which they have been engaged, -that they have, on all occasions, maintained -a high character for steadiness and discipline, as -well as for bravery in action. They were formerly -mounted on horses of superior weight and physical -power, and few troops could withstand a -well-directed charge of the celebrated British -Horse. The records of these corps embrace a -period of 150 years—a period eventful in history, -and abounding in instances of heroism displayed -by the British troops when danger has threatened -the nation,—a period in which these Regiments -have numbered in their ranks men of loyalty, -valour, and good conduct, worthy of imitation.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span></p> - -<p>Since the Regiments of Horse were formed -into Dragoon Guards, additional improvements -have been introduced into the constitution of the -several corps; and the superior description of -horses now bred in the United Kingdom enables -the commanding officers to remount their regiments -with such excellent horses, that, whilst -sufficient weight has been retained for a powerful -charge in line, a lightness has been acquired which -renders them available for every description of -service incident to modern warfare.</p> - -<p>The orderly conduct of these Regiments in -quarters has gained the confidence and esteem of -the respectable inhabitants of the various parts of -the United Kingdom in which they have been -stationed; their promptitude and alacrity in attending -to the requisitions of the magistrates in -periods of excitement, and the temper, patience, -and forbearance which they have evinced when -subjected to great provocation, insult, and violence -from the misguided populace, prove the value of -these troops to the Crown, and to the Government -of the country, and justify the reliance which is -reposed on them.</p> - - -<p class="p4" /> -<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> In the 14th year of the reign of Edward IV. a small -force was established in Ireland by Parliament, consisting of -120 Archers on horseback, 40 Horsemen, and 40 Pages.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> Military Papers, State Paper Office.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> This Regiment was disbanded after the Peace in 1674.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> This appears to be the first introduction of <em>bayonets</em> into -the English Army.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> State Paper Office.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> The first issue of carbines to the regular Horse appears -to have taken place in 1678; the Life Guards, however, -carried carbines from their formation in 1660.—Vide the -'Historical Record of the Life Guards.'</p></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap pg-brk" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i_2" id="Page_i_2">[Pg i]</a></span></p> - -<p class="pfs120 lsp">HISTORICAL RECORD</p> -<p class="p2 pfs60">OF</p> -<p class="pfs180 wsp">THE FIFTH,</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs60">OR</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs80">PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT</p> -<p class="p2 pfs60">OF</p> -<p class="pfs180 lsp2 wsp">DRAGOON GUARDS:</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs60 wsp">CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs120">THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT<br /> -IN 1685;</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs120">WITH ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES<br /> -TO 1838.</p> - -<p class="p2" /> -<hr class="r30a" /> -<p class="pfs90">ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES.</p> -<hr class="r30a" /> - -<p class="p2 pfs90">LONDON:</p> -<p class="pfs90">PUBLISHED BY LONGMAN, ORME, AND CO.,</p> -<p class="pfs60 lsp wsp">PATERNOSTER ROW;</p> - -<p class="pfs90">W. CLOWES AND SONS, 14, CHARING CROSS;</p> -<p class="pfs60 lsp">AND TO BE HAD OF ALL BOOKSELLERS.</p> - -<p class="p1" /> -<hr class="r10a" /> -<p class="pfs120">1839.</p> - -<hr class="r20a" /> -<p class="pfs60">Printed by <span class="smcap">William Clowes</span> and <span class="smcap">Sons</span>, Stamford Street.</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ii_2" id="Page_ii_2">[ii]</a></span><br /> - <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii_2" id="Page_iii_2">[iii]</a></span></p> - -<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> - -<hr class="r20" /> - - -<div class="center"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdc xs">Anno</td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdr xs">Page</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1685</td><td class="tdl">Formation of the Regiment</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Equipped as Cuirassiers, and obtained rank as <em>Seventh Horse</em></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_3">3</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Reviewed by King James II.</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_4">4</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1686</td><td class="tdl">First Establishment</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Names of Officers</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_6">6</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Reviewed on Hounslow Heath</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1688</td><td class="tdl">The Revolution</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_7">7</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1689</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Ireland</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Siege of Carrickfergus</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1690</td><td class="tdl">Battle of the Boyne</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Siege of Limerick</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_12">12</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1691</td><td class="tdl">Skirmish near Brewsterfield</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Second Siege of Limerick</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1692</td><td class="tdl">Returns to England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1693</td><td class="tdl">Performs Court Duty</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1694</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to the Netherlands</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1695</td><td class="tdl">Covering the Siege of Namur</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1697</td><td class="tdl">Skirmish near Enghien</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1698</td><td class="tdl">Returns to England</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1700</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Ireland</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1702</td><td class="tdl">Three Troops return to England, and proceed to Holland</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Covering the Sieges of Venloo, Ruremonde, Stevenswaert, and Liege</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv_2" id="Page_iv_2">[iv]</a></span> - 1703</td><td class="tdl">Skirmish near Haneff; and covering the Sieges of Huy and Limburg</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_18">18</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1704</td><td class="tdl">Three Troops from Ireland to Holland</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Schellenberg</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_19">19</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">———– Blenheim</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Covering the Siege of Laudan</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1705</td><td class="tdl">Forcing the French Lines at Helixem and Neer-Hespen</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1706</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Ramilies</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_24">24</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Sieges of Antwerp and Dendermond</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_25">25</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1708</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Oudenarde</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Siege of Lisle, and Action at Wynendale</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1709</td><td class="tdl">Covering the Siege of Tournay</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_28">28</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Malplaquet</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Covering the Siege of Mons</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1710</td><td class="tdl">————————— Douay, Bethune, Aire, and St. Venant</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1711</td><td class="tdl">Forcing the French Lines at Arleux</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Covering the Siege of Bouchain</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_30">30</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Skirmish near Wavrechin</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1712</td><td class="tdl">Covering the Siege of Quesnoy</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1714</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Ireland</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1717</td><td class="tdl">Facings changed from Buff to Full Green</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1746</td><td class="tdl">Styled the <em>Second Irish Horse</em></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_37">37</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1751</td><td class="tdl">Description of the Clothing and Standards</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1788</td><td class="tdl">Title changed to <em>Fifth Dragoon Guards</em></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_40">40</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1793</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Flanders</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1794</td><td class="tdl">Action at Prêmont</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Covering the Siege of Landrécies</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Cateau</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_43">43</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Action near Tournay</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Retreat through Holland to Germany</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1795</td><td class="tdl">Embarks for England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1796</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Ireland</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1798</td><td class="tdl">Rebellion in Ireland</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Actions at Arklow, Ballycarnen, and Gorey</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">———— Vinegar Hill and White Hills</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_47">47</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Skirmish near Prosperous</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Action at Ballinamuck</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v_2" id="Page_v_2">[v]</a></span> - 1799</td><td class="tdl">Returns to England</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1804</td><td class="tdl">Styled the <em>Fifth, or Princess Charlotte of Wales's Regiment of Dragoon Guards</em></td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1805</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Ireland</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1808</td><td class="tdl">Returns to England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1811</td><td class="tdl">Reviewed by the Prince Regent</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Embarks for Portugal</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1812</td><td class="tdl">Covering the Siege of Badajoz</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_51">51</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Action at Llerena</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Salamanca</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Skirmish at Alba de Tormes</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Advances to Madrid</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_62">62</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Covering the Siege of Burgos</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Retreats to Portugal</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1813</td><td class="tdl">Advances into Spain</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Vittoria</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1814</td><td class="tdl">Advances through the Pyrenees into France</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Action near Tarbes</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Battle of Toulouse</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Returns to England</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1816</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Ireland</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_73">73</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1817</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Scotland, and from thence to England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1821</td><td class="tdl">Returns to Scotland, and embarks for Ireland</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_74">74</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1825</td><td class="tdl">Embarks for Scotland</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1826</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1830</td><td class="tdl">Reviewed by King William IV. at Windsor</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_76">76</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1831</td><td class="tdl">Embarks for Ireland</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_77">77</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1834</td><td class="tdl">Returns to England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1835</td><td class="tdl">Proceeds to Scotland</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1836</td><td class="tdl">Returns to England</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1838</td><td class="tdl">The Conclusion</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_78">78</a></td></tr> -</table></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi_2" id="Page_vi_2">[vi]</a></span></p> - -<h2 class="large">SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.</h2> - -<div class="center"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="95%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl xs">Anno</td><td class="tdl"></td><td class="tdr xs">Page</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1685</td><td class="tdl">Charles Earl of Shrewsbury</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_79">79</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1687</td><td class="tdl">Marmaduke Lord Langdale</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_81">81</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">——</td><td class="tdl">Richard Hamilton</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1688</td><td class="tdl">John Coy</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_83">83</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1697</td><td class="tdl">Charles Earl of Arran</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_84">84</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1703</td><td class="tdl">William Cadogan</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_85">85</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1712</td><td class="tdl">George Kellum</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_87">87</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1717</td><td class="tdl">Robert Napier</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_88">88</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1740</td><td class="tdl">Charles Neville</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_89">89</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1744</td><td class="tdl">Richard Viscount Cobham</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1745</td><td class="tdl">Thomas Wentworth</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_90">90</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1747</td><td class="tdl">Thomas Bligh</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_91">91</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1758</td><td class="tdl">Hon. John Waldegrave</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_92">92</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1760</td><td class="tdl">Hon. John Fitz-William</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1789</td><td class="tdl">John Douglas</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_93">93</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1790</td><td class="tdl">Thomas Bland</td><td class="tdr">—</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1816</td><td class="tdl">Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_94">94</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">1831</td><td class="tdl"><ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note—Original text: 'had page 98'">Sir John Slade, Bart.</ins></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_99">99</a></td></tr> -</table></div> - -<hr class="r20" /> - -<h2 class="large">PLATES.</h2> - -<div class="center"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="95%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdl">The Standard of the Regiment</td><td class="tdr">to precede</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Plate_1">1</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">The Capture of the Bavarian Standards at the forcing of the French Lines in 1705</td><td class="tdr">to face</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Plate_24">24</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdl">The Fifth Dragoon Guards at the Battle of Salamanca</td><td class="tdr">to face</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Plate_60">60</a></td></tr> -</table></div> - - -<hr class="chap pg-brk" /> - - -<p class="p2 pfs180">THE FIFTH,</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs70">OR</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs120">PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs70">OF</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs180">DRAGOON GUARDS,</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs70">BEARS UPON ITS STANDARDS<br /><br /> -THE MOTTO</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs150">"<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">VESTIGIA NULLA RETRORSUM</i>;"</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs70">AND THE FOLLOWING<br /><br /> -INSCRIPTIONS:</p> - -<p class="pfs150">"SALAMANCA," "VITTORIA," "TOULOUSE,"<br /> -"PENINSULA."</p> - - -<hr class="chap pg-brk" /> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<a name="Plate_1" id="Plate_1"></a> -<img src="images/i_frontispiece.jpg" width="650" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"> -<br /><br /> -FIFTH (THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S) REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS.</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> - -<h2 class="large">HISTORICAL RECORD</h2> - -<p class="pfs60">OF THE</p> - -<p class="pfs135 lsp">FIFTH,</p> - -<p class="pfs60">OR</p> - -<p class="pfs100">PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S REGIMENT</p> - -<p class="pfs60">OF</p> - -<p class="pfs135">DRAGOON GUARDS.</p> -<hr class="r20" /> - -<div class="sidenote">1685</div> - -<p class="noindent">In the early periods of the history of this country -a standing army was unknown; but as the kingdom -increased in arts, sciences, and manufactures, -and as national institutions, established upon sound -principles, assumed an important character, a regularly -organized military force was found necessary to -protect the interests of society, and to guard colonial -possessions; and when the other nations of Europe -have from time to time augmented their standing -armies, it has been found necessary to make similar -additions to the regular force of Great Britain. -After the Restoration in 1660, the army of the Commonwealth -was disbanded, and a body of household -troops, with a few garrison companies, were considered -sufficient; but the acquisition of additional -possessions, the ambitious designs of foreign potentates, -and internal commotions in the kingdom, -have occasioned numerous additions to be made to -the regular army. It was one of the last mentioned -causes, which, in the year 1685, gave rise to the -formation of the corps which is the subject of this -memoir, and which now bears the title of the -<span class="smcap">Fifth, or Princess Charlotte of Wales's -Regiment of Dragoon Guards</span>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span></p> - -<p>A difference in religious views and opinions has -often occasioned long and sanguinary wars; and the -accession of a Roman Catholic Prince (James II.) -to the throne of Great Britain, was an event so -little congenial to the feelings of a Protestant -people, that James Duke of Monmouth (natural -son of King Charles II.) was induced, by the persuasions -of men who were disaffected to the existing -government, to make a daring attempt to -dethrone his uncle, and to gain the sovereignty of -the kingdom.</p> - -<p>This event occurring at a time when the first -feelings of alarm at the appearance of a Papist on -the throne had subsided, and before the King had -made any serious attack on the constitution or -established religion, the people were not prepared -to throw off their allegiance to their sovereign; -consequently, while a few thousands of disaffected -persons joined the standard of rebellion, much -greater numbers arrayed themselves under the -banners of royalty. Many noblemen and gentlemen -exerted themselves in raising forces for the -King; and it is stated in the public records, that a -number of the respectable yeomen and others who -volunteered their services in the royal cause, were -incorporated into a troop of horse by Charles Earl -of Shrewsbury, at Litchfield; another troop of -horse was raised by Francis Lord Brudenel, at -Kingston upon Thames; a third by Sir Thomas -Grosvenor, at Chester; a fourth by Roger Pope, -Esq., in the vicinity of Bridgnorth; a fifth by Mr. -Francis Spalding, at Bristol; and a sixth by the -Honourable John D'Arcy, (guidon of the second<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> -troop, now second regiment of Life Guards,) in -London. These formed part of an extensive body -of troops raised in a few weeks; but the rebellion -was suppressed by the old corps which the King -had in his service, without the aid of the new levies. -His Majesty, however, looking forward to the -commotions which would probably follow the execution -of the attacks he was urged by his jesuitical -councillors to make on the established religion and -laws, resolved to retain a considerable portion of -the newly-raised forces in his service; and these -six troops of horse were, on the 29th of July, -1685, constituted a regiment of <span class="smcap">Cuirassiers</span>, of -which the <span class="smcap">Earl of Shrewsbury</span> was appointed -Colonel, the Honourable John D'Arcy Lieutenant-Colonel, -and John Skelton, Esq., Major. This -regiment ranked at that period as <span class="smcap">Seventh -Horse</span>; and is now the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span>.</p> - -<p>The uniform and equipment of this corps, like -that of the other regiments of horse, were hats, -long scarlet coats, jacked-leather boots, cuirasses, -iron head pieces, swords, pair of pistols, and short -carbines. Each corps had a distinguishing colour, -then called its regimental <em>livery</em>, and now styled -its <em>facing</em>, and the distinguishing colour of -<span class="smcap">Shrewsbury's Cuirassiers</span> was <em>buff</em>; the men -had their coats lined with buff shalloon, and their -waistcoats, breeches, ribands in their hats, and -horse furniture, were of the same colour.</p> - -<p>Soon after its formation the regiment marched -into quarters near Hounslow, and experienced -officers were appointed to teach the men the established -military exercises; they formed two squadrons,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span> -three troops in a squadron; but each troop -had a standard of buff-silk damask; and these loyal -cavaliers, being mounted on strong horses, had not -only a warlike appearance, but they were well -calculated for a charge in line where weight and -physical power were necessary. The Cuirassiers -had succeeded the ancient Lancers (or Launces), -formerly the highest class of military force in -Europe, and celebrated for valour, prowess, and -feats of chivalry. The Lancers were armed <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">cap à -pié</i>, but the lance having, to a great extent, been -laid aside before the middle of the seventeenth -century, helmets, and armour on the limbs, were -also discontinued soon afterwards. The regiments -of Horse, having succeeded the ancient Lancers, -were held in high estimation; and in the succeeding -reigns they acquired great celebrity.</p> - -<p>After having been twice reviewed by King -James II. on Hounslow Heath, the regiment -marched into quarters in Warwickshire, where it -passed several months.</p> - -<p>The King, having acquired some practical -knowledge of military service in the civil war in -France, and in the Netherlands, under Marshals -Turenne and the Prince of Condé, established -several useful regulations for the preservation of -order and discipline in his army; two experienced -officers, Sir John Lanier and Sir John Fenwick, -were appointed Inspecting Generals of Cavalry; -and the first half-yearly inspection of this regiment -was made by Brigadier-General Sir John Fenwick, -of the Life Guards, in its quarters in Warwickshire.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span></p> - -<div class="sidenote">1686</div> - -<p>While in these quarters, its establishment was -fixed, by a royal warrant dated the 1st of January, -1686, at the following numbers:—</p> - -<p class="p2" /> -<div class="center fs80 pg-brk"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="95%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="bt bl br" colspan="5"> </td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc bl br" colspan="5">THE EARL OF SHREWSBURY'S REGIMENT OF HORSE.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="bb bl br" colspan="5"> </td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc bl smcap tdpp" colspan="2">Field and Staff-Officers.</td><td class="tdc bl br" colspan="3">Per Diem.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="bb bl" colspan="2"> </td><td class="bb bl br" colspan="3"> </td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx" colspan="2"></td><td class="tdrx wd5">£.</td><td class="tdrx wd5"><em>s.</em></td><td class="tdrx br wd5"><em>d.</em></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx" colspan="2">The Colonel, <em>as Colonel</em></td><td class="tdrx">0</td><td class="tdrx">12</td><td class="tdrx br">0</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx" colspan="2">Lieutenant-Colonel, <em>as Lieut.-Colonel</em></td><td class="tdrx">0</td><td class="tdrx">8</td><td class="tdrx br">0</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx">The Major (<em>who has no troop</em>), for himself, horses, and servants.</td><td class="tdl xl">}</td><td class="tdrx">1</td><td class="tdrx">0</td><td class="tdrx br">0</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx" colspan="2">Adjutant</td><td class="tdrx">0</td><td class="tdrx">5</td><td class="tdrx br">0</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx" colspan="2">Chaplaine</td><td class="tdrx">0</td><td class="tdrx">6</td><td class="tdrx br">8</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx">Chirurgeon iv^s per day, and j horse to carry his chest, ij^s per day</td><td class="tdl xl">}</td><td class="tdrx">0</td><td class="tdrx">6</td><td class="tdrx br">0</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx" colspan="2">A Kettle-Drummer to the Colonel's troop.</td><td class="tdrx">0</td><td class="tdrx">3</td><td class="tdrx br">0</td></tr> -<tr><td class="bl" colspan="2"> </td><td class="bb bl"> </td><td class="bb bl"> </td><td class="bb bl br"> </td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx" colspan="2"></td><td class="tdrx">3</td><td class="tdrx">0</td><td class="tdrx br">8</td></tr> -<tr><td class="bl" colspan="2"></td><td class="bt bl"></td><td class="bt bl"></td><td class="bt bl br"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc bl smcap" colspan="2">The Colonel's Troop.</td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx br"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx">The Colonel, <em>as Captaine</em>, x^s per day, and ij horses each at ij^s per day</td><td class="tdl xl">}</td><td class="tdrx">0</td><td class="tdrx">14</td><td class="tdrx br">0</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx" colspan="2">Lievtenant vi^s, and ij horses, each at ij^s</td><td class="tdrx">0</td><td class="tdrx">10</td><td class="tdrx br">0</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx" colspan="2">Cornett v^s, and ij horses, each at ij^s</td><td class="tdrx">0</td><td class="tdrx">9</td><td class="tdrx br">0</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx" colspan="2">Quarter-Master iv^s, and i horse, at ij^s</td><td class="tdrx">0</td><td class="tdrx">6</td><td class="tdrx br">0</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx" colspan="2">Three Corporals, each at iij^s per day</td><td class="tdrx">0</td><td class="tdrx">9</td><td class="tdrx br">0</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx" colspan="2">Two Trumpeters, each at ij^s viii^d</td><td class="tdrx">0</td><td class="tdrx">5</td><td class="tdrx br">4</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx" colspan="2">Forty Private Soldiers, each at ij^s vi^d per day.</td><td class="tdrx">5</td><td class="tdrx">0</td><td class="tdrx br">0</td></tr> -<tr><td class="bl" colspan="2"> </td><td class="bb bl"> </td><td class="bb bl"> </td><td class="bb bl br"> </td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx" colspan="2"></td><td class="tdrx">7</td><td class="tdrx">13</td><td class="tdrx br">4</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx"><span class="smcap">Five Troops more</span>, of the same numbers, and at the same rates of pay as the Colonel's troop</td><td class="tdl xl">}</td><td class="tdrx">38</td><td class="tdrx">6</td><td class="tdrx br">8</td></tr> -<tr><td class="bl" colspan="2"></td><td class="bb bl"></td><td class="bb bl"></td><td class="bb bl br"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx smcap pad4" colspan="2">Total for this Regiment per Diem</td><td class="tdrx">49</td><td class="tdrx">0</td><td class="tdrx br">8</td></tr> -<tr><td class="bl" colspan="2"></td><td class="bb bl"></td><td class="bb bl"></td><td class="bb bl br"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx pad6" colspan="2"><span class="smcap">Per Annum</span> <span class="pad4">£17,897. 3<em>s.</em> 4<em>d.</em></span></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx"></td><td class="tdrx br"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="bb bl" colspan="2"> </td><td class="tdrx bb"></td><td class="tdrx bb"></td><td class="tdrx bb br"></td></tr> -</table></div> -<p class="p2" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span></p> - -<p>The following officers were at this period holding -commissions in the regiment:—</p> - -<p class="p2" /> -<div class="center fs80"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="95%" summary=""> -<tr><td class="tdlx bt"> </td><td class="tdlx bt"></td><td class="tdlx bt"></td><td class="tdlx bt br"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc bl">Troop.</td><td class="tdc bl">Captains.</td><td class="tdc bl">Lieutenants.</td><td class="tdc bl br">Cornets.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx bb"> </td><td class="tdlx bb"></td><td class="tdlx bb"></td><td class="tdlx bb br"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx pad2"> 1st.</td><td class="tdlx">Earl of Shrewsbury (Col.)</td><td class="tdlx">John Grosvenor</td><td class="tdlx br">George Kellum.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx pad2"> 2d.</td><td class="tdlx">John Coy, (Lieut.-Col.)</td><td class="tdlx">James Bringfield</td><td class="tdlx br">Hon. W. Brudenel.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx pad2"> 3d.</td><td class="tdlx">Sir Thomas Grosvenor</td><td class="tdlx">Henry Grosvenor</td><td class="tdlx br">James Williamson.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx pad2"> 4th.</td><td class="tdlx">Roger Pope</td><td class="tdlx">Thomas Griffiths</td><td class="tdlx br">Guy Forster.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx pad2"> 5th.</td><td class="tdlx">Francis Spalding</td><td class="tdlx">Thomas Doughty</td><td class="tdlx br">William Rowley.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx pad2"> 6th.</td><td class="tdlx">Charles Orme</td><td class="tdlx">Thomas Manning</td><td class="tdlx br">Ralph Pope.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx bb"> </td><td class="tdlx bb"></td><td class="tdlx bb"></td><td class="tdlx bb br"></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdlx br" colspan="4"></td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx bt pad8 tdpp" colspan="2">John Skelton</td><td class="tdl bt br pad8 tdpp" colspan="2">Major.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx pad8" colspan="2">Samuel Bowles</td><td class="tdl br pad8" colspan="2">Chaplain.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx pad8" colspan="2">James Arden</td><td class="tdl br pad8" colspan="2">Surgeon.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx pad8" colspan="2">George Briscoe</td><td class="tdl br pad8" colspan="2">Adjutant.</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdlx bb br" colspan="4"> </td></tr> -</table></div> - -<p class="p2" /> -<p>The <span class="smcap">Earl of Shrewsbury's Cuirassiers</span> -were withdrawn from their country quarters in the -summer of this year, and were encamped with -other forces on Hounslow Heath; where they were -practised in military evolutions, under the direction -of Lieutenant-Generals the Earls of Craven, -Feversham, and Dumbarton; and were several -times reviewed by King James II.: in August -they struck their tents and marched to Buckingham -and Wendover.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1687</div> - -<p>The King, being surrounded by Roman Catholic -priests, soon gave indication of his designs against -the reformed religion; the Earl of Shrewsbury, -who was a stanch Protestant, resigned his commission, -and afterwards proceeded to Holland and -joined the Prince of Orange, to whom the nation -began to look for deliverance from popish tyranny. -His Majesty appointed, in January, 1687, Marmaduke<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> -Lord Langdale, to the Colonelcy of the -regiment, who was succeeded in the following -month by the <span class="smcap">Honourable Richard Hamilton</span>, -a Roman Catholic officer, from the Colonelcy of a -regiment of dragoons in Ireland.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1688</div> - -<p>From this period until that great national event, -the Revolution in 1688, few circumstances occurred, -in which Hamilton's regiment was particularly -concerned, worthy of being recorded in this -memoir. It was encamped on Hounslow Heath in -the summer of 1687, and also in that of 1688; -and its Colonel being a Papist, the attempt made -by the King to introduce officers and soldiers of -that religion into the army, would, doubtless, -meet with no obstruction in this corps. The majority -of the officers and men were, however, -firmly attached to the Protestant cause.</p> - -<p>The King had raised and equipped a fine army -for the purpose of making it subservient to his -insidious designs; but the troops proved faithful -to the interests of their country and religion, and -an association of officers was secretly formed at the -camp on Hounslow Heath, in favour of the Prince -of Orange, who was preparing an army to invade -England and to rescue the kingdom from the -power of the Papists.</p> - -<p>Information having been received of the designs -of the Prince of Orange, <span class="smcap">Hamilton's Cuirassiers</span> -were ordered to Ipswich, where the Earl of -Arran's regiment (now Fourth Dragoon Guards), -and the Queen's (now Third) Dragoons, commanded -by Colonel Alexander Cannon, were -assembled under the orders of Major-General Sir<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> -John Lanier, to preserve Landguard Fort, and to -prevent the Prince landing there; and two regiments -of horse and one of dragoons were stationed -at Colchester to support this force, if necessary. -Sir John Lanier is stated by King James, -in his memoirs, to have been one of the associated -officers, and to have resolved to seize on the Earl -of Arran, and Colonels Hamilton and Cannon, -and to have joined the Prince with the three regiments; -but this arrangement, in which King -James states, in his memoirs, most of the officers -had agreed to co-operate, was rendered void by his -Highness landing at Torbay.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Hamilton's Cuirassiers</span> were afterwards ordered -to march to the metropolis, and from thence to -Salisbury; but a general defection appearing in -the army, the King fled to France; the Prince of -Orange ordered the regiment to march to Fenny -Stratford, and its Colonel, the Honourable Richard -Hamilton, was confined in the Tower of London, -for holding a commission for which he was disqualified -by law, he being a Papist.</p> - -<p>On the 31st of December, 1688, the Prince of -Orange conferred the Colonelcy of the regiment -on the Lieutenant-Colonel, John Coy; and during -the eight succeeding years it bore the title of -<span class="smcap">Coy's Horse</span>, or <span class="smcap">Cuirassiers</span>.</p> - -<p>All the Papists having been dismissed, the -regiment received a draft of one hundred men and -horses from the Marquis of Miremont's regiment -of horse,—a corps which had been recently raised, -and was now disbanded.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1689</div> - -<p>These events were followed by the accession of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> -William and Mary, the Prince and Princess of -Orange, to the throne; and the first duty in which -the regiment was called upon to engage under the -new dynasty, was the patrolling of the public roads -to prevent highway robberies, which, owing to the -commotions recently experienced in society, had -become very frequent. It also furnished a detachment -to protect the King's herd of deer in the -Forest of Dean against the depredations of organized -bands of deer-stealers.</p> - -<p>From these duties <span class="smcap">Coy's Horse</span> were soon relieved -to engage in military operations in Ireland, -which country had become the theatre of intestine -war. The Papists were in arms in favour of King -James, who had arrived in Ireland with a body of -troops from France; and, following that system -of cruelty which has invariably been practised -when religion has been the subject of contention, -the hapless Protestants, being the weaker party, -had been made to feel the full weight of Catholic -vengeance. Many of the Protestants, particularly -in Inniskilling and Londonderry, had taken arms. -King William sent a body of troops under Duke -Schomberg to their aid, and <span class="smcap">Coy's Horse</span> embarked -at Highlake, in Cheshire, in the middle of -August, 1689, for the same service.</p> - -<p>After landing at Belfast, the regiment was employed -in covering the siege of <em>Carrickfergus</em>, -and had its post in the lines before the town. This -place having surrendered on the 28th of August, -a detachment of the regiment, commanded by -Captain Sir William Russel, escorted the garrison, -consisting of two regiments of foot, "all<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> -stout fellows, but ill clothed," the first stage from -the town; and such cruelties had been practised by -the Papists, that, according to Story, who was an -eye-witness, the troopers experienced some difficulty -in preserving the Catholic soldiers from -being torn to pieces by the country people, who -were stimulated to revenge by the remembrance of -past injuries.</p> - -<p>The regiment afterwards advanced with the -army towards Newry, where a party of the enemy -was assembled, who, on the approach of the -English, set fire to the town, and retreated over -the mountains to Dundalk. The English passed -the mountains on the following day, when the -enemy quitted Dundalk and retired to Atherdee, -where the main body of King James's army was -assembled.</p> - -<p>Marshal Duke Schomberg, finding Dundalk to -be a strong situation, with a convenient harbour -for obtaining supplies from England, and knowing -that the enemy's army was more than double his -own in numbers, formed an intrenched camp, -where he resolved to continue during the remainder -of the campaign; but the ground where the troops -were encamped being low, and the weather proving -wet, this injudicious choice of situation proved -so fatal to his army, that the infantry corps lost -half their men from disease. <span class="smcap">Coy's Horse</span> remained -at Dundalk upwards of a month, and -afterwards proceeded to Carlingford for the convenience -of forage. During the winter, detached -parties had frequent encounters with the bands -of armed Papists who prowled the country, committing<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> -every description of outrage; and an out-guard -of the regiment, posted in the pass of -Newry, was sharply engaged with a party of the -enemy, who attempted to force the pass, but were -repulsed with loss, the gallant English Cuirassiers -proving more than a match for their antagonists.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1690</div> - -<p>In June, 1690, King William arrived in Ireland -to command the army in person, and the -regiment was now called upon to serve under the -eye of its sovereign. This circumstance is said to -have given rise to a laudable feeling of emulation -in all ranks of the army, and the troopers longed -for an opportunity to distinguish themselves in -presence of their King. The desired opportunity -soon occurred; the King, advancing up to the -banks of the <em>Boyne</em>, found the enemy in position -on the opposite side of the river, and the troops -prepared for battle. This regiment was with -His Majesty on the evening preceding the battle, -while reconnoitring the enemy's position, and was -exposed to a cannonade, on which occasion the -King was wounded in the shoulder, and the regiment -had three men and nine horses killed.</p> - -<p>Early on the 1st of July, as the rays of morning-light -shed their lustre on the camp, the English -and Dutch troops appeared in motion, every man -displaying a green branch in his hat; and soon -the columns were seen advancing towards the -Boyne, their glittering arms, waving plumes, and -floating banners, exhibiting all the pomp of war: -the French and Irish stood to their arms and prepared -to defend their post. <span class="smcap">Coy's Horse</span>, forming -part of the cavalry of the right wing, were in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> -column which forded the river near Slane Bridge; -some opposition was made by a regiment of Irish -dragoons, which was attacked, and its commanding -officer and about 70 men killed. After passing -the river, the troops advanced through large -corn-fields, crossed several deep ditches, and overcoming -every obstacle with an ardour which bespoke -the valour and confidence which glowed in -every breast, the enemy's left wing was dismayed -and retreated towards Duleck. <span class="smcap">Coy's Horse</span> were -amongst the squadrons which galloped forward -in pursuit, and charging the Irish foot, cut them -down with a great slaughter. While these events -were transpiring on the right, King William -passed the river with the main body of his forces: -the enemy was overpowered at every point, and -His Majesty stood triumphant on the field of -battle. King James fled to Dublin, and afterwards -to France, and was followed by the French -troops; but the Irish Papists resolved to maintain -his cause to the last extremity.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Coy's Horse</span> advanced with King William to -Dublin, and were afterwards with the army before -<em>Limerick</em>, during the unsuccessful siege of that -place, when His Majesty returned to England, -the regiment went into quarters near Cork.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1691</div> - -<p>In the depth of the winter an incursion into the -enemy's cantonments was resolved upon; and the -regiment having joined the forces selected for that -service, advanced, on the 31st of December, into -the county of Kerry. On arriving near Brewsterfield, -the van-guard, consisting of a troop of this -regiment and one of Eppinger's Dragoons, encountered<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span> -a party of 160 of the enemy's cavalry. -<span class="smcap">Coy's Horse</span> and the dragoons instantly drew -their swords, and advanced to charge their opponents, -who fled in a panic. Continuing its route, -the detachment took a number of prisoners, also -drove seven troops of Irish horse and twenty-one of -dragoons from Tralee, and afterwards returned to -its quarters.</p> - -<p>When the army took the field in the summer -of 1691, <span class="smcap">Coy's Horse</span> were left in dispersed quarters -in the county of Cork to overawe the disaffected, -and to check the depredations of the -bands of Papists, whose proceedings were very -injurious to the Protestants; the regiment was, -consequently, not at the battle of Aghrim, but it -afterwards joined the army near <em>Limerick</em>, and -was employed in the siege of that place.</p> - -<p>On the 16th of September, a squadron of the -regiment, with a strong party of dragoons and -infantry, crossed the Shannon by a pontoon bridge -before break of day, surprised and defeated a body -of the enemy, and captured a standard; also surprised -the troops in the camp near the town, and -forced them to make a precipitate flight to the -mountains. On the 24th of the same month, a -cessation of hostilities took place, which ended in -a treaty, and the authority of King James was extinguished -in Ireland.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1692<br />1693</div> - -<p>The regiment, having thus performed its part -in reducing Ireland to submission to the authority -of King William, embarked at Belfast in -the beginning of 1692, and after its arrival -in England it was quartered at Huntingdon, -Chester, and St. Ives; from whence it proceeded<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span> -to the vicinity of London, and, for a short time, -assisted the Life Guards in performing the escort -duty for the royal family. It was, however, -allowed but a short period of home service before -it was called upon to take the field against a -foreign enemy.</p> - -<p>King William was engaged in a war to restrain -the ambitious designs of Louis XIV. of France, -who sought to become the dictator of Europe and -the destroyer of the reformed religion. After the -severe loss sustained by the confederates at the -battle of Landen, in 1693, the British monarch -gave orders for Colonel Coy to proceed with his -regiment of horse to the Netherlands, and to join -the army in that country.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1694</div> - -<p>On its arrival in Flanders, the regiment was -placed in quarters at Ghent; from whence it -marched to Tirlemont, and, joining the army commanded -by King William in person, took part in -the operations of the long and toilsome campaign of -1694, but was not engaged in any action of importance.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1695</div> - -<p>In the following year the regiment formed part -of the covering army during the siege of the strong -and important fortress of <em>Namur</em>, which was -superintended by King William in person. Two -magnificent armies confronted each other, and -manœuvred, the one to prevent, and the other to -ensure, the capture of this strong fortress; and it -was eventually taken by the forces commanded by -His Britannic Majesty. About a month after the -surrender of the castle of Namur, the regiment -marched into quarters at Ghent.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1696</div> - -<p>King William reviewed the regiment near<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> -Ghent, in May, 1696, and expressed his approbation -of its appearance. During this summer it -formed part of the army of Flanders, under the -orders of the veteran Prince of Vaudemont, and -was encamped for several months on the canal between -Ghent and Bruges, and its services were -limited to defensive measures for the preservation -of these two places, and the maritime towns of -Flanders from the attacks of the enemy. On the -4th of October, the regiment returned to its former -station at Ghent.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1697</div> - -<p>From Ghent the regiment marched in May, -1697, to join the army of Brabant, and was encamped -a short time at St. Quintin Linneck. The -French besieged the town of Aeth; and a body of -troops was sent out, under Brigadier-General -Lumley, to make a reconnoissance towards <em>Enghien</em>, -with the view of attacking the French army -and raising the siege. A detachment of <span class="smcap">Coy's Horse</span>, -commanded by Sir William Russel, -formed the advance-guard on this occasion; and -when on the march, he encountered a party -of French hussars, carabiniers, and dragoons. -Upon notice of the approach of the enemy, the -main body of the British force concealed itself in -the wood, and formed an ambush; and the advance-guard -retiring, the French advanced boldly -forward, and were nearly every man killed or -taken prisoner.</p> - -<p>The design of relieving Aeth was afterwards -laid aside; King William retired, and subsequently -took up a position before Brussels.</p> - -<p>Colonel John Coy having obtained His Majesty's -permission to dispose of the Colonelcy of the regiment<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> -to <span class="smcap">Charles Earl of Arran</span>,<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> brother of -the Duke of Ormond, his lordship was appointed -to the regiment on the 1st of July, 1697; and -during the succeeding five years it was styled -<span class="smcap">Arran's Horse</span>.</p> - -<p>King William, after waging war for the -good of Europe a period of nine years, had the -satisfaction of seeing his endeavours succeeded by -a treaty of peace, which was signed at Ryswick in -September of this year.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1698</div> - -<p>Shortly after this event, <span class="smcap">Arran's Horse</span> were -ordered to return to England, where they arrived -in January, 1698, and were quartered at Coventry, -Daventry, and Towcester.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1699<br />1700</div> - -<p>The army in England having been reduced by -the House of Commons to the low establishment -of seven thousand men, King William was under -the necessity of disbanding several corps, and of -sending others to Ireland. This regiment was -one of the corps selected to proceed to Ireland, -where it arrived in the summer of 1700, and its -numbers were reduced to thirty-six private men -per troop.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1701</div> - -<p>The repose granted to Europe by the treaty of -Ryswick was, however, of short duration. Louis -XIV. of France, procured the accession of his -grandson, the Duke of Anjou, to the throne of -Spain; this virtual union of two powerful states,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> -rekindled the flame of war; and the <span class="smcap">Earl of -Arran's</span> regiment was one of the cavalry corps -ordered to be augmented to fifty-seven private men -per troop, and held in readiness to proceed on -foreign service; but so great was the difficulty -experienced in raising an army of sufficient numbers -to meet the exigence of the nation on this -sudden emergency, that only three troops of the -regiment could, in the first instance, be spared -from Ireland.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1702</div> - -<p>These three troops landed at Highlake, in -Cheshire, in the beginning of March, 1702, and -marching to London, embarked in transports on -the river Thames in the beginning of April, and -sailed for Holland.</p> - -<p>The decease of King William, who might justly -be styled the protector of the reformed religion, -and the accession of Queen Anne, produced no -alteration in the foreign policy of the British court. -The war was prosecuted with vigour, and the -three troops of <span class="smcap">Arran's Horse</span>, forming one squadron, -were attached to Brigadier-General Wood's -regiment (now Third Dragoon Guards), and -served the campaign of this year under the Earl -of Marlborough. The British horse, had, however -no opportunity of signalizing themselves in -action this year; their services being limited to -out-post duty, and covering the sieges of <em>Venloo</em>, -<em>Ruremonde</em>, <em>Stevenswaert</em>, and the famous city of -<em>Liege</em>, which fortresses were captured by the British -commander.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1703</div> - -<p>The Earl of Arran having been promoted to the -Colonelcy of the third troop of Life Guards, Queen<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> -Anne conferred the command of the regiment on -<span class="smcap">Brigadier-General Cadogan</span> (afterwards <span class="smcap">Earl -Cadogan</span>), from the Sixth, or Inniskilling Dragoons, -by commission, dated the 2d of March, -1703.</p> - -<p>The three troops of the regiment on foreign service, -now bearing the title of <span class="smcap">Cadogan's Horse</span>, -continued to serve throughout the campaign of this -year with Brigadier-General Wood's regiment. -In a slight skirmish near <em>Haneff</em>, in the beginning -of June, a small detachment evinced the martial -spirit and valour of British troopers; and in the -various movements of the army before the enemy, -the national character was fully sustained. The -French commanders avoided an engagement, and -after covering the sieges of <em>Huy</em> and <em>Limburg</em>, -<span class="smcap">Cadogan's Horse</span> went into quarters for the -winter in Holland.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1704</div> - -<p>In the beginning of the following year the other -three troops of the regiment were withdrawn from -Ireland, and after occupying quarters a short time -at Northampton, embarked (4th April, 1704) for -Holland.</p> - -<p>The six troops were thus united in time for the -whole regiment to take part in the glorious exploits -of the campaign of 1704, in which that noble -ardour and chivalric spirit which has raised Britain -to its present exalted station among the nations -of Europe, were displayed by the army under the -Duke of Marlborough in a signal manner. Confidence -in the commander has always given additional -life and vigour to innate valour, and the -troops having already proved the military virtues<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> -of their leader, the great Marlborough was enabled -to march his forces from the ocean to the Danube, -and to gain new honours in the heart of -Germany.</p> - -<p>This enterprise was undertaken in consequence -of the armies of France and Bavaria having united -against the Emperor of Germany, and the British -general advanced to the aid of the house of Austria, -which was thus menaced by a force which it was -unable to withstand. Quitting the territory of the -Dutch republic the army crossed the Rhine, and -traversed the various states of Germany with a -degree of order and regularity which bespoke a -high state of discipline, united with excellent -arrangements, while the nations of Europe gazed -with astonishment at the undertaking.</p> - -<p>Having arrived at the theatre of war and joined -the Imperial army, the first action of importance -was the attack of a body of French and Bavarians -commanded by the Count d'Arco, at their entrenched -camp on the lofty heights of <em>Schellenberg</em>, -on the 2d of July. On this occasion the cavalry -supported the attacks of the infantry, and when the -enemy was forced from the entrenchments, the -brilliant charge of the English horse, and Royal -Scots Dragoons (the Greys) completed the overthrow; -the hostile army lost its colours, cannon, -and baggage, and numbers of French and Bavarians -fell beneath the conquering sabres of the -British horsemen, who chased their adversaries to -the banks of the Danube, and captured many prisoners. -<span class="smcap">Cadogan's Horse</span> were commanded on -this occasion by Lieutenant-Colonel George Kellum,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> -and had Major Napier,<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> Lieutenant Tettefall, -and several private men wounded; and sustained -a serious loss in troop horses, from having been -exposed to a heavy cannonade: their Colonel, -Brigadier-General Cadogan, was also wounded.</p> - -<p>This action was the precursor of a greater overthrow -to the forces of the enemy, who made efforts -to retrieve his affairs; new armies and new generals -appeared; but these only served to augment -the splendour of victory, and to enhance the value -of the conquerors in the estimation of the world. -The action was fought in the valley of the Danube, -near the village of <em>Blenheim</em>, on the 13th of -August, and the English horsemen, who during -the two preceding campaigns had panted for an -opportunity to signalize themselves, had a fair field -in which to display their valour and prowess, and -they gave undeniable proofs of their good qualities. -The Gallo-Bavarian army was destroyed; its -commander, Marshal Tallard, and many entire -battalions and squadrons were made prisoners of -war; and the field of battle was literally covered -with trophies.</p> - -<p>The victory was most complete and decisive, -and it was not gained over new levies; but over -an army of veterans fully instructed in the art of -war,—select troops flushed with former successes, -and commanded by generals of great bravery and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span> -experience.<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> This regiment had only one officer -(Lieutenant Groubere) killed; its loss in non-commissioned -officers and private men has not -been recorded.</p> - -<p>The regiment took part in the subsequent operations -of the main army; and after covering the -siege of <em>Laudan</em>, it marched back to Holland for -winter quarters.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1705</div> - -<p>In the following summer the regiment marched -with the army through the Duchy of Juliers, and -crossed the Moselle and the Saar, in order to carry -on the war in Alsace; but the Duke of Marlborough, -being disappointed of the promised co-operation -of the Imperialists, marched back to the -Netherlands.</p> - -<p>The French had, with much labour and art, -constructed a line of fortifications of many miles -extent to cover their recently acquired territory in -the Spanish Netherlands, and <span class="smcap">Cadogan's Horse</span> -having been selected to form part of the division -to be employed in forcing these lines, had an opportunity -of distinguishing themselves, and their -valour shone forth with as bright a lustre as in any -of the heroes in the ancient days of chivalry. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> -British commander, having by skilful movements -succeeded in drawing the main body of the French -army from the point selected for the attack, forced -the lines at <em>Helixem</em> and <em>Neer-Hespen</em> at day-break -on the morning of the 18th of July, and the -pioneers levelled a space for the cavalry to pass -over; but scarcely had the British horse passed -the barriers, when the Marquis d'Allegre appeared -with fifty squadrons of cavalry and twenty battalions -of infantry to drive back the British forces. -The sun had risen, and the French army was in -full march to oppose this sudden attack on their -lines; hence every moment was of importance, and -a sharp fire of musketry having forced the enemy -from a hollow way, the Duke of Marlborough -ordered forward his heavy cavalry to charge the -hostile horsemen. The two squadrons of this -regiment led the attack with their characteristic -gallantry, and were opposed to adversaries of -valour and renown,—the famous Bavarian Horse -Grenadier Guards. Against these celebrated antagonists -<span class="smcap">Cadogan's Horse</span> advanced; the weight -and power of their compact line were irresistible, -and the Bavarians were broken at the first shock; -but they soon rallied, and renewing the conflict -with increasing ardour, gained a temporary advantage. -At this critical juncture the Duke of -Marlborough was separated from his troops and -in imminent danger, when <span class="smcap">Cadogan's Horse</span>, -exasperated at the momentary repulse, and still -more so at the peril of their renowned chief, -returned to the charge; the grand spectacle of -two spirited corps of heavy cavalry rushing upon -each other with reckless fury, was soon followed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> -by the clash of swords and shouts of the combatants -as they fought hand to hand with sanguinary -fury; but British prowess and British -valour soon proved triumphant, and the Bavarians -were overpowered and fled before the conquering -sabres of <span class="smcap">Cadogan's</span> troopers, who chased their -adversaries from the field, took many prisoners, -and captured <em>four standards</em>. In their flight the -hostile horsemen rode over two battalions of their -own foot, and these battalions were severely -handled by the British horse. Finally, the enemy -was routed; the Marquis d'Allegre, and many -officers and men were made prisoners, and this -gallant enterprise was attended with complete -success.</p> - -<p>On this occasion the regiment, which forms the -subject of this memoir, gained great honour; the -Duke of Marlborough observed in one of his -letters,—"<em>Never men fought better!</em>" and in his -public despatch he states, "<em>They acquitted themselves -with a bravery surpassing all that could -have been hoped of them</em>." The author of the -Annals of Queen Anne observed:—"All the -troops of the confederates behaved themselves -with great bravery and resolution; but among -the <span class="smcap">Horse</span> the regiment of Brigadier <span class="smcap">Cadogan</span> -distinguished themselves, having had the honour -to charge first, which they did with that success, -that they defeated four squadrons of Bavarian -Guards, drove them through two battalions of -their own foot, and took four standards; and -this with the loss only of Lieutenant Austin and -some few men killed."</p> - -<p>The following description of the standards captured<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span> -on this occasion is copied from the London -Gazette.</p> - -<p>"Nine standards of blue satin, richly embroidered -with the Bavarian arms; six belonging to -the Elector's own troops, and three to those of -Cologne, having the following devices and mottoes."</p> - -<p>1st. A laurel; motto, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aut Coronari aut rumpi</i>.</p> - -<p>2d. An olive-tree on a rock; motto, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Per Ardua -Laurus</i>.</p> - -<p>3d. A pillar reaching to the clouds; motto, -<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Tantum Umbra movetur</i>.</p> - -<p>4th. A bear rampant; motto, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ex Vulnere Crudelior</i>.</p> - -<p>5th. A dove with a laurel branch; motto, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Uni -servo fidem</i>.</p> - -<p>6th. A chaos; motto, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Obstantia firmant</i>.</p> - -<p>7th. A helmet with a feather on a pedestal; -motto, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ex duris Gloria</i>.</p> - -<p>8th. An olive-tree shading serpents; motto, -<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Nocet Umbra nocenti</i>.</p> - -<p>9th. A standard of the Elector's guards with -the colour torn to pieces.</p> - -<p>Four of these standards were taken by <span class="smcap">Cadogan's Horse</span>; -the corps which captured the other -five standards are not specified.</p> - -<div class="figcenter pg-brk"> -<a name="Plate_24" id="Plate_24"></a> -<img src="images/i_b_024fp.jpg" width="650" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"> -Brigadier-General Cadogan's Horse forcing the French Lines, 18th July, 1705:—<br /> -<br /> -NOW FIFTH (THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S) REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS.</div> -</div> - -<div class="sidenote">1706</div> - -<p>After this victory the regiment was employed in -several manœuvres; but it was not engaged in any -action of importance until the battle of <em>Ramilies</em>, -fought on Whit-Sunday, the 23d of May, -1706, when the French, Bavarians, and Spaniards, -commanded by Marshal Villeroy and the -Elector of Bavaria, sustained another decisive -overthrow, and <span class="smcap">Cadogan's Horse</span> acquired new -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span>laurels in the contest. On this occasion the -English cavalry were kept in reserve near the -heights of Foulz until towards the close of the -action, when they were brought forward, and the -weight and fury of the charge of these heavy horsemen -were irresistible; the enemy's squadrons and -battalions were broken; and the British troopers,—strong -men on powerful horses,—smote their -antagonists to the ground with a dreadful slaughter. -The victorious squadrons pursued their adversaries -throughout the night, capturing officers and soldiers, -colours, standards, and cannon; and thus, in -a few hours, the French monarch's fine and -well-appointed army was nearly annihilated, and -its commanders escaped from the field with difficulty.</p> - -<p>This glorious victory was followed by the submission -of a great part of Spanish Brabant and -Flanders to the house of Austria; and in a few -days after the battle, this regiment was selected -to form part of a detachment commanded by its -Colonel, Brigadier-General Cadogan, sent from -the main army, to summon <em>Antwerp</em>, which -place was surrendered on the 7th of June.</p> - -<p>The regiment was subsequently employed in the -blockade of <em>Dendermond</em>, and continued before -that town until its surrender on the 5th of September.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1707</div> - -<p>During the campaigns from 1702 to 1706 the -British regiments of horse had not worn cuirasses. -In the preceding century armour had, as already -stated, fallen, to a great extent, into disuse; several -English regiments of heavy cavalry delivered their -cuirasses into the Tower of London in November,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span> -1688; but subsequently had them returned: they -were, however, again placed in store after the -peace of Ryswick. The French and other continental -nations had continued the use of defensive -armour, and it having been observed that the -English heavy cavalry, though they proved victorious, -frequently sustained a very serious loss in -killed, they were, in order to place them on an -equality with their antagonists, again supplied -with cuirasses in the spring of 1707.</p> - -<p>In the summer of this year, when the regiment -took the field, it again appeared as a corps of -<span class="smcap">Cuirassiers</span>: the campaign was passed in manœuvring; -and the French acting on the defensive, -a few skirmishes between detached parties -was all the fighting which took place.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1708</div> - -<p>The following campaign was, however, distinguished -by more important events. The enemy -assembled an immense army, and advancing from -behind their lines, gained possession of Ghent and -Bruges (which places had been wrested from them -in 1706), and advanced to <em>Oudenarde</em>, with the -design of besieging that town. The Duke of -Marlborough sent Major-General Cadogan forward -with three brigades of infantry and eight -squadrons of Hanoverian cavalry, and following -with the main army, this movement brought on a -general engagement, which was fought in the -ground near the banks of the Scheldt on the 11th -of July. The reputation already acquired by the -British regiments of horse, occasioned them to be -accounted a choice body of troops; and they were -kept in reserve ready to advance at the moment -when a powerful charge of heavy cavalry was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> -likely to prove decisive. For a short time they -were formed in column behind the right wing; -and advancing from thence, supported the attacks -of the infantry; but the enemy was overpowered, -and darkness put an end to the conflict before this -compact body of <span class="smcap">Cuirassiers</span> was called upon to -charge.</p> - -<p>After this victory, the Duke of Marlborough -was joined by a body of Germans, under the orders -of Prince Eugene of Savoy, and, to the astonishment -of all Europe, these two commanders resolved -to besiege the important fortress of <em>Lisle</em>. -<span class="smcap">Cadogan's Cuirassiers</span> formed part of the covering -army, and the attempts of the enemy to raise -the siege were all frustrated.</p> - -<p>Six hundred waggons, laden with necessaries -for the army, were advancing from Ostend towards -Lisle, under an escort commanded by Major-General -Webb; and the enemy having detached -twenty-two thousand men to intercept this convoy, -the Duke of Marlborough sent Major-General -Cadogan with a body of horse to reinforce the -guard, and this regiment formed part of the force -sent forward. The enemy attacked the convoy in -the wood of <em>Wynendale</em>, and Major-General -Webb made a most skilful and gallant defence. -As this regiment approached the wood, the noise -of combat was heard; the squadrons galloped forward, -and the moment they arrived at the scene of -conflict, the French desisted, and made a precipitate -retreat; and the waggons were brought in -safety to the camp. The fate of Lisle depended, -in a great measure, on the safe arrival of this convoy; -and Major-General Webb was rewarded<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> -with the thanks of Parliament and the approbation -of Queen Anne for his conduct.</p> - -<p>The siege of <em>Lisle</em> was continued, and the -enemy being unable to relieve the place, resolved -to make an attack upon Brussels. The covering -army, of which <span class="smcap">Cadogan's Cuirassiers</span> formed -part, was put in motion; and having forced the -passage of the <em>Scheldt</em>, the Elector of Bavaria -raised the siege of Brussels and retreated. The -citadel of Lisle surrendered on the 9th of December, -and Ghent and Bruges were also recaptured -before the army entered into winter quarters.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1709</div> - -<p>In the summer of 1709, when the siege of the -strong fortress of <em>Tournay</em> was resolved upon, this -was one of the regiments which first invested the -town on the 27th of June, 1709. After the capture -of this place, the army advanced towards -Mons, the capital of the province of Hainault, -with the design of capturing that important city. -The French army, commanded by Marshals -Villiers and Boufflers, manœuvred to prevent the -loss of Mons, and this brought on the sanguinary -battle of <em>Malplaquet</em>, where the British regiments -of horse encountered enemies who fought with -greater spirit and obstinacy than on any former -occasion during this war. This battle was fought -on the 11th of September, 1709. The enemy -had an advantageous position, covered by thick -woods, protected by barriers of trees cut down -and laid across each other, with a treble entrenchment, -batteries, and pallisades; and within these -formidable works were collected the choicest troops -of France under commanders of renown. This -post was attacked with a bravery which overcame<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span> -all opposition; the woods were pierced, the obstacles -were overcome, and the fortifications were -trampled down. The position having been forced, -the Duke of Marlborough led the British <span class="smcap">Cuirassiers</span> -and Prussian cavalry against the French -<span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">gens d'armes</span>, who were routed and chased from -the ground; but scarcely were these squadrons -overcome, when the British and Prussian horse -encountered a compact line of French cavalry of -the royal household, and were driven back in -some disorder. The British horse soon rallied, -and returning to the charge, overcame their celebrated -adversaries, and the French squadrons were -driven from the field. The allies were victorious, -but they sustained a severe loss in killed and -wounded.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Cadogan's Horse</span> were afterwards employed in -covering the siege of <em>Mons</em>, which was terminated -by the surrender of the place on the 20th of -October.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1710</div> - -<p>During the campaign of 1710, the regiment -was employed in covering the sieges of <em>Douay</em>, -<em>Bethune</em>, <em>Aire</em>, and <em>St. Venant</em>, and in protecting -convoys of military stores to the besieging troops.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1711</div> - -<p>In the summer of 1711, the imperialists, under -Prince Eugene, having returned to Germany, the -Duke of Marlborough confronted the French -army with the forces under his orders. The -French had constructed very extensive and strong -lines of fortifications to cover their frontiers, and -within these lines they had collected a numerous -army. The Duke, by a skilful device, induced -them to destroy their fort at Arleux; and then,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span> -by menacing their lines between the head of the -Sanzet and Hesdin, caused them to withdraw -part of their garrisons from Arras and Cambray, -with the troops which guarded the lines in the -direction of Arleux. In the mean time his grace -was continually sending detachments towards -Douay, where a considerable body of troops was -assembled without attracting notice, and amongst -these forces were the two squadrons of <span class="smcap">Cadogan's -Cuirassiers</span>. Having reconnoitred the lines on -the 4th of August, the Duke gave orders for the -troops to prepare for the attack on the following -morning, and the French army prepared to receive -him with eclat; but at the dead of the night, -Lieutenant-General Cadogan, having advanced -with great secrecy with the troops from Douay, -passed the lines at the causeway of <em>Arleux</em>, which -the French commander, in his anxiety to collect -all the troops he could to resist the menaced -attack, had left unguarded; and the main army -struck its tents in the night, and marched in the -same direction. When Marshal Villiers heard -that his lines were passed, he was astounded. He -took with him the household cavalry, and, ordering -his army to follow as quickly as possible, rode -with all speed, until he came within the English -out-guards, and his feelings were so excited, that -he was nearly surrounded by a troop of <span class="smcap">Cadogan's -Horse</span> before he was conscious of danger; -he had proceeded with such rapidity that the -whole of his escort, except a hundred of the best -mounted dragoons, was left behind; he ordered -these dragoons to throw themselves into the old<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span> -castle of Oisy, which was at hand, and himself -and two officers of his staff escaped; but the -dragoons were surrounded and made prisoners.</p> - -<p>Having thus passed these extensive lines, which -the French commander had vauntingly called -Marlborough's <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">ne plus ultra</i>, his grace besieged -the strong and important fortress of <em>Bouchain</em>, -situate on the Scheldt, in the taking of which -place, difficulties of great magnitude had to be -overcome. Marshal Villiers, by a secret march, -during the night of the 9th of August, gained -possession of the heights of <em>Wavrechin</em>, in order -to preserve the line of communication which runs -from thence, through a morass between the -Scheldt and the Senset, to the town of Bouchain, -that he might be enabled to relieve the garrison -from time to time. The Duke of Marlborough, -observing the enemy at work, throwing up entrenchments -on the hill, ordered Lieutenant-Generals -Cadogan and Fagel to march with a -body of troops, of which <span class="smcap">Cadogan's Horse</span> formed -part, to dislodge the French. As the British -grenadiers advanced to the attack, his grace rode -forwards to reconnoitre the works on the hill; and -observing that the entrenchment was a perfect -bulwark, strong and lofty, and crouded with men -and cannon, he gave orders for the troops to retire.</p> - -<p>On the following day Marshal Villiers issued -from the works with a hundred hussars, to observe -the progress of his opponent, and encountered -Lieutenant-General Cadogan, who was reconnoitering -with a squadron of horse. A skirmish -ensued, and four squadrons of French carabineers -advanced to aid the marshal. Cadogan, being<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span> -thus out-numbered, made a precipitate retreat, -which occasioned the enemy to pursue with great -eagerness. Meanwhile, <span class="smcap">Cadogan's Horse</span> and -two other squadrons, advanced from the camp, and -formed up beyond the summit of a rising ground, -where they were out of the enemy's sight; and -the moment the French carabineers appeared on -the top of the hill, they were charged by Cadogan's -squadrons with such resolution, that they -were immediately broken. Marshal Villiers was -in danger of being surrounded and taken prisoner, -but a French brigadier-general interposed, -with singular bravery, and rescued the marshal. -The gallant brigadier was severely wounded and -taken prisoner, and most of his men cut down by -the British <span class="smcap">Cuirassiers</span>; and Marshal Villiers -galloped back with his shattered squadrons with -greater haste than he had advanced.</p> - -<p>Fortifications were afterwards constructed, with -a causeway through the inundations, and the -communication between the town of Bouchain -and the troops on the heights of Wavrechin was -cut off. The siege was prosecuted with zeal and -energy, and Marshal Villiers and a numerous -French army were spectators of the capture of this -important fortress. After the works were repaired -and the place put in a state of defence, the troops -were placed in winter quarters.</p> - -<p>The splendid successes of the army commanded -by the Duke of Marlborough, who never fought a -battle which he did not win, nor besieged a town -which he did not capture, had effected a complete -revolution in the affairs of Europe, and the King -of France saw his generals over-matched,—his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span> -armies beaten and dispirited,—his possessions -wrested from him,—the barriers of his kingdom -trampled down,—his fortresses captured, and a -powerful army, with an invincible leader, ready to -carry all the horrors of war into the heart of France: -with his designs thus frustrated, and his kingdom -thus menaced, the ambitious Louis XIV., who -had thought to have dictated laws to christendom, -became a negociator for peace.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1712</div> - -<p>In the summer of 1712, while the conditions -of the treaty were under consideration, the regiment -again took the field, and, advancing to the -frontiers of France, formed part of the army under -the orders of the Duke of Ormond, and encamped at -Cateau-Cambresis during the siege of <em>Quesnoy</em>.</p> - -<p>A suspension of hostilities was soon afterwards -published between the British and French, and -the army retired from Cateau-Cambresis to Ghent, -where the English <span class="smcap">Cuirassiers</span> and several other -corps were encamped for a short time, and afterwards -were placed in quarters.</p> - -<p>Political events connected with the amity which -had been induced between the British and French -courts, in consequence of a change of measures; -the conditions of the treaty of peace then under -consideration; and the disagreement between the -Duke of Marlborough and Queen Anne; occasioned -Lieutenant-General Cadogan, who was a stanch -Protestant and a warm advocate for the succession of -the house of Hanover, to be called upon to dispose -of his commission; and he was succeeded in the -Colonelcy of this regiment by Lieutenant-General -<span class="smcap">George Kellum</span>, who had been many years the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span> -Lieutenant-Colonel of the regiment, and whose commission -as Colonel was dated 22nd of December, -1712.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1713<br />1714</div> - -<p>The regiment, now styled <span class="smcap">Kellum's Horse</span>, -was placed upon the Irish establishment in June, -1713; but it remained in comfortable quarters in -Flanders until the early part of the year 1714, -when it embarked for Ireland. The treaty of -peace having been concluded, the troopers of this -regiment could look back with triumph and exultation -at their brilliant career during the late eventful -and important war; and although there were -circumstances connected with the conduct of their -government calculated to produce painful feelings, -yet, conscious of their own merit and justly acquired -fame, the officers and soldiers could rejoice -that, by their well-directed exertions, they had -humbled the enemies of their country, the British -troops had become celebrated for valour and intrepidity -throughout Europe, and that the turmoil -and horrors of war were succeeded by the blessings -and enjoyments of peace.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1715<br />1716</div> - -<p>After its arrival in Ireland, the regiment was -stationed for a short time at Dublin; and having -been thus removed from the scenes of conflict -and bloodshed in which it had for several years -been engaged, to the more pacific and easy -duties of home service, the <span class="smcap">Cuirasses</span> were -again returned into store. Ireland was not, however, -in a state of internal tranquillity; the decease -of Queen Anne and the accession of King George -I. were followed by great exertions on the part of -the friends of the house of Stuart, who were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span> -numerous in Ireland; and when the rebellion -broke out in Scotland in 1715, and extended itself -to England, this event gave buoyancy to the expectations -of the malcontents in Ireland. The -troops in Ireland were kept in a state of constant -readiness for active service; several corps embarked -for England, and the fidelity of the <span class="fs70">ARMY</span> -preserved the kingdom from anarchy and papal -domination; by the exertions of the troops the rebellion -was suppressed, and the country restored to -tranquillity.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1717</div> - -<p>In the spring of 1717, Lieutenant-General -George Kellum retired from the service, and -King George I. was graciously pleased to confer -the Colonelcy on the Lieutenant-Colonel, <span class="smcap">Robert -Napier</span>, who was celebrated for his conduct at -the head of the regiment in several actions in the -Netherlands, and was wounded in the action at -Schellenberg.</p> - -<p>About this period, the distinguishing colour, or -facing of the regiment, was changed from <em>buff</em> to -<em>green</em>, and it has continued of this colour to the -present time (1838); its lace was also changed -from <em>silver</em> to <em>gold</em>. The men having <em>green</em> -waistcoats, breeches, and horse furniture, the -regiment was emphatically styled the <span class="smcap">Green -Horse</span>, and this appellation has been continued to -the present time.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1718<br />1740</div> - -<p>The regiment remained in Ireland performing -a successive routine of court and country duties, at -the establishment of twenty-five private men per -troop, until 1740, when an augmentation of ten -men per troop was made to its numbers.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span></p> - -<p>After the decease of Lieutenant-General Robert -Napier, King George II. conferred the Colonelcy -of the regiment on Major-General Clement Neville, -from the Eighth Dragoons, his commission -bearing date the 6th of May, 1740.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1741<br />1742<br />1743<br />1744</div> - -<p>Another war having broken out on the continent, -the establishment of the regiment received a -further addition of ten men per troop in 1741. In -the following year a British army was sent to -Flanders under Field-Marshal the Earl of Stair; -but the necessity for retaining a considerable body -of troops in Ireland, occasioned this regiment to -remain in that country. It, however, sent a detachment -of sixty men and horses to Flanders in -the beginning of 1743, to complete the three regiments -of horse on foreign service, and another -detachment was sent in 1744.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1745</div> - -<p>Lieutenant-General Neville died on the 5th of -August, 1744, and was succeeded in the Colonelcy -of the regiment by Richard Viscount Cobham, -who, when Sir Richard Temple, highly distinguished -himself in the wars of Queen Anne. He -was removed in 1745 to the Tenth Dragoons, -when His Majesty conferred the command of this -regiment on Major-General Thomas Wentworth, -from the Twenty-fourth Foot.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1746</div> - -<p>When this regiment was first raised, it ranked -as <span class="smcap">Seventh Horse</span>; in 1690, the Fifth regiment -of Horse was disbanded in Ireland, and the -Sixth Horse became Fifth, and this regiment -obtained rank as <span class="smcap">Sixth Horse</span>, which rank it -held until December, 1746, when the First Horse,—the -royal regiment of Horse Guards,—ceased to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span> -bear a number: the Second, Third, and Fourth -Horse were then constituted the First, Second, and -Third Dragoon Guards; and this regiment was -styled the <span class="smcap">Second Irish Horse</span>, and sometimes -called the <span class="smcap">Green Horse</span> from the colour of its -facings.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1747</div> - -<p>In 1747, Major-General Thomas Wentworth -died at Turin, where he was employed in a diplomatic -capacity, and was succeeded in the Colonelcy -of the <span class="smcap">Second Irish Horse</span>, by Major-General -Thomas Bligh, from the Twelfth Dragoons.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1748<br />1749</div> - -<p>On the conclusion of a treaty of peace at Aix-la-Chapelle, -a considerable diminution was made -in the strength of the regular army, and in 1749 -the establishment of the <span class="smcap">Second Irish Horse</span> -was reduced to twenty-one private men per -troop.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1751</div> - -<p>From the period of the formation of the regiment, -several alterations had, from time to time, -been made in the uniform and standards. The -practice of having a standard to each troop had -been discontinued, and one to each squadron was -substituted. In 1742, King George II. caused a -series of coloured engravings, representing the -uniform of the several regiments of the army to be -executed; and, as a few alterations had subsequently -been made, a warrant was issued on the -1st of July, 1751, regulating the standards, -colours, and clothing of the several regiments, -from which the following particulars have been -extracted relative to the <span class="smcap">Second Irish Horse</span>:—</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Coats.</span>—Scarlet, the facings and lapels of full -green; the button-holes worked with yellow, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span> -buttons set on two and two; and a long slash -pocket in each skirt.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Waistcoats</span> } full green.<br /> -<span class="smcap pad1">Breeches</span> }</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Hats.</span>—Three-cornered cocked-hats, bound -with yellow lace, and ornamented with a brass -loop and a black cockade.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Boots.</span>—Made of jacked leather.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Trumpeters.</span>—Clothed in full green coats, -faced and lapelled with red, and ornamented with -white lace, having a red stripe down the middle: -their waistcoats and breeches of red cloth.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Horse Furniture</span> of full green; the holster -caps and housings having a border of broad white -lace with a red worm down the centre, and<span class="blkb"> - <span class="blka">II</span> - <span class="blka">H</span> -</span> embroidered on a red ground, within a wreath of -roses and thistles on each corner of the housings; -and on the holster caps, the King's cypher and -crown, with<span class="blkb"> - <span class="blka">II</span> - <span class="blka">H</span> -</span> underneath.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Standards.</span>—The first, or King's standard, to -be of crimson damask, embroidered and fringed -with gold; the rose and thistle conjoined, and -crown over them in the centre; and underneath, -His Majesty's motto, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Dieu et mon droit</i>: the -white horse in a compartment in the first and -fourth corners, and<span class="blkb"> - <span class="blka">II</span> - <span class="blka">H</span> -</span> in gold characters, on a full -green ground, in a compartment in the second -and third corners. The second and third standards -to be of full green damask, embroidered and -fringed with gold; the rank of the regiment in -gold Roman characters on a crimson ground, -within a wreath of roses and thistles on the same -stalk, and the motto, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Vestigia nulla retrorsum</i>,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> -underneath: the white horse on a red ground in -the first and fourth compartments, and the rose -and thistle conjoined upon a red ground in the -second and third compartments.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Officers</span> to be distinguished by narrow gold -lace or embroidery to the binding and button-holes -of their coats; sword knots of crimson and gold -in stripes; and crimson silk sashes worn over the -left shoulder.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1758<br />1759<br />1760</div> - -<p>On the 23d of October, 1758, Lieutenant-General -Bligh was succeeded in the Colonelcy of -the regiment by Major-General the Honourable -John Waldegrave (afterwards Earl Waldegrave), -who was removed to the Second Dragoon Guards -in the following year. The Colonelcy appears to -have remained vacant from September, 1759, to -November, 1760, when it was conferred by King -George III. on Major-General the Honourable -John Fitz-William from the Second, or Queen's -Royal Regiment of Foot.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1762</div> - -<p>Another war having commenced in 1756, between -Great Britain and France, a British army -was sent to Germany in 1758; the establishment -of this regiment was augmented to forty-nine -private men per troop; and in 1762 the -order prohibiting the regiment recruiting in Ireland -was rescinded.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1763</div> - -<p>The success of the British arms in Canada, the -West Indies, and Germany, was followed by a -treaty of peace, and after the return of the cavalry -regiments from Germany, in the beginning of -1763, the establishment of the <span class="smcap">Second Irish<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> -Horse</span> was again reduced to twenty-one private -men per troop.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1776<br />1783</div> - -<p>At this low establishment the regiment continued -until the breaking out of the unfortunate -contest between Great Britain and her North -American colonies, when an augmentation of ten -private men per troop was made to its numbers. -No further alteration appears to have been made -until the conclusion of the war, when, the independence -of the United States having been acknowledged, -its establishment was reduced to its -former numbers.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1788</div> - -<p>At this establishment it continued until the -spring of 1788; when King George III., having -resolved to form the two troops of Life -Guards and two troops of Horse Grenadier -Guards into two regiments of Life Guards on a -similar establishment to that of the old regiments -of horse, and to reduce the four regiments of -horse on the Irish establishment to the pay of -dragoons, with the title of <span class="smcap">Dragoon Guards</span>, -His Majesty's pleasure was communicated to the -regiments in Ireland, in a General Order dated -the 14th of February, 1788; and the <span class="smcap">Second -Irish Horse</span> was thus constituted the <span class="smcap">Fifth -Dragoon Guards</span>. In consequence of the regiment -being placed upon a decreased rate of pay, -compensation was given to the officers; to the -colonel 150<em>l.</em> per year; to the lieutenant-colonel a -gratuity of 575<em>l.</em>; to the major 525<em>l.</em>; captains, -each, 475<em>l.</em>; captain-lieutenant and lieutenants, -each, 350<em>l.</em>; and the cornets, each, 250<em>l.</em> Every<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> -private man had the option of his discharge, or a -bounty of two guineas if he continued to serve.</p> - -<p>Several alterations were made in the uniform of -the regiment. The officers were directed to wear -an epaulette on each shoulder. The flask-string -was removed from the pouch belt, and the width -of the belts reduced from four inches and a half to -three inches; and the equipment was assimilated, -in every particular, to that of the regiments of -dragoons.</p> - -<p>The establishment was fixed at one colonel and -captain, one lieutenant-colonel and captain, one -major and captain, three captains, six lieutenants, -six cornets, one chaplain, one adjutant, one surgeon, -six troop quarter-masters, six serjeants, -twelve corporals, six trumpeters, one hundred and -fourteen private men, and six dismounted men. -The several alterations having been completed, the -change of establishment took place on the 1st of -April, 1788, and from this date the regiment has -borne the title of <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span>; but -the appellation of <span class="smcap">Green Horse</span> has never been -entirely discontinued.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1789<br />1790</div> - -<p>In the following year, the regiment lost its -colonel, General the Honourable John Fitz-William, -who was succeeded on the 27th of -August, 1789, by Lieutenant-General John -Douglas, from the Fourteenth Foot. Lieutenant-General -Douglas died on the 10th of November, -1790, and was succeeded by Major-General -Thomas Bland, from the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of -the Seventh Dragoons.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1793</div> - -<p>After passing a period of nearly eighty years in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> -Ireland, the regiment, having previously had a -considerable augmentation made to its numbers, -was ordered to hold itself in readiness for foreign -service. This event was occasioned by the revolution -which had taken place in France, where a -party of republicans had seized the reins of government, -had imprisoned the royal family, and -had brought their sovereign to the scaffold; a proceeding -which disorganized the state of society in -one of the most civilized parts of the world,—gave -rise to the formation of a new dynasty,—removed -the basis on which the sovereign power -was established,—and involved the great European -states in a succession of destructive wars for a -period of more than twenty years. Great Britain -joined the confederacy against the regicide government -of France, and sent, in the spring of 1793, -a body of troops to the Netherlands, under the -command of His Royal Highness the Duke of -York. At the close of the summer, reinforcements -were sent to Flanders, and on the 18th and 19th -of September, the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> embarked -at Dublin for the same destination.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1794</div> - -<p>After occupying winter quarters in Flanders, -the regiment took the field under the orders of -Lieutenant-Colonel the Honourable R. Taylor, -and entered on a scene of action in a part of -Europe where it had, nearly a century before, acquired -numerous honours under the great <span class="smcap">Marlborough</span>, -and its conduct did not derogate from -its ancient reputation. It was first employed in the -attack of the enemy's post at <em>Prêmont</em>, on the -17th of April, 1794, but was not called upon to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span> -charge; and it subsequently formed part of the -covering army during the siege of <em>Landrécies</em>.</p> - -<p>While this siege was in progress, the British -troops, under the Duke of York, were encamped -at <em>Cateau</em>. On the morning of the 26th of April, -which was gloomy and dark, and a thick mist -covered the face of nature, the advance of an hostile -force was heard, but its movements could not -be discerned. At length, the rays of the sun revealed -the movements of a French force of thirty -thousand men, under Lieutenant-General Chapuy; -and a body of cavalry, of which the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon -Guards</span> formed part, was detached, under -Lieutenant-General Otto, against the enemy's left -flank, while a sharp attack was made on the -enemy's front. This movement was conducted -with great caution, the enemy's flank was turned, -the trumpets sounded a charge, and the British -horsemen rushed with irresistible fury upon the -ranks of the hostile legions. The French were -overthrown and defeated; their commander, Lieutenant-General -Chapuy, a number of officers and -men, and thirty-five pieces of cannon were captured, -and their flying divisions were pursued -with immense slaughter to the gates of Cambray. -The Duke of York passed the highest commendations -on the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> and other -troops detached against the enemy's left flank, and -declared they had "<em>all acquired immortal honour -to themselves</em>." His Royal Highness further -stated, "<em>the conduct of the British cavalry was -beyond all praise</em>." The loss of the regiment on -this occasion was nine men and twenty-three horses<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span> -killed; one officer, one quarter-master, eight men -and nine horses, wounded; four men and twenty-three -horses missing.</p> - -<p>After the surrender of Landrécies, the British -forces took up a position in front of <em>Tournay</em>, -where they repulsed an attack of the enemy on the -10th of May. During the action, a favourable -opportunity presented itself for attacking the -enemy's right flank; Lieutenant-General Harcourt -was detached with sixteen squadrons of -British and two of Austrian cavalry, and attacked -the enemy with so much resolution and intrepidity, -that they immediately began their retreat, in the -course of which they were soon broken, and they -sustained great loss, including thirteen pieces of -cannon, and above four hundred officers and men -taken prisoners.</p> - -<p>A combined attack was made on the French -positions on the 17th of May, but failed from some -of the columns not arriving in time at the posts -allotted to them.</p> - -<p>On the 22nd of May, the French attacked the -British position in front of <em>Tournay</em> with an immense -force. The <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> -were formed up ready for action on their camp -ground all the day; but the French did not -attack that part of the line; and they were repulsed -in their attempts in the other parts of the -field.</p> - -<p>At length, the defeat of the Austrians having -rendered the position occupied by the British in -front of Tournay no longer tenable, the troops -were withdrawn, and the campaign degenerated<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span> -into a series of retreats, which were ably conducted -under numerous difficulties.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1795</div> - -<p>During this short but eventful campaign the -British troops had maintained their ancient reputation; -but the army was not of sufficient numbers -to cope with the enormous masses of the enemy, -which darkened the land like a gloomy tempest. -In the retreat through Holland, and in the distresses -and privations of the winter campaign -amidst snow and ice, the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> -took part, and in the early part of 1795 they -arrived in Germany.</p> - -<p>The regiment remained in Germany during the -following summer, and encamped in one of the -plains of the Duchy of Bremen, under the orders -of Major-General Sir David Dundas; and in November -it embarked for England.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1796</div> - -<p>In October, 1796, the regiment proceeded to -Ireland, which country was in a state bordering on -open rebellion. The malcontents had entered into -arrangements with the republican government of -France, and a French armament was prepared, -under the orders of General Hoche, to assist the -Irish Roman Catholics in effecting their separation -from England, and in forming themselves into a -republic. On the 24th of December the French -fleet appeared in Bantry Bay; and the <span class="smcap">Fifth -Dragoon Guards</span> were despatched by forced -marches to oppose the landing of the enemy. The -French fleet was, however, partly dispersed by a -storm, and the remainder returned to France without -attempting to land.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1797</div> - -<p>In 1797 the regiment was encamped, with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span> -several other corps, on the Curragh of Kildare, -and was there reviewed by Lieutenant-General -Sir David Dundas, who expressed, in orders, his -approbation of its discipline and appearance. Its -establishment at this period was seven hundred -officers and men.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1798</div> - -<p>The disaffection which had so long prevailed -among the Roman Catholics in Ireland, had continued -to acquire additional rancour and vehemence, -and the passions of the misguided peasantry -having been wrought, by wicked demagogues, into -fury and madness, they neglected the affairs of civil -life, provided themselves with arms, and broke out -into open rebellion in the summer of 1798. The -<span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> were on Dublin duty at -the time, and were so distinguished for loyalty and -steady conduct that the Lord-Lieutenant committed -to the regiment the military charge of the capital.</p> - -<p>One squadron under the command of Brevet -Lieutenant-Colonel Sherlock was detached from -Dublin into the counties of Wicklow and Wexford, -and was engaged in the action at <em>Arklow</em> on the 9th -of June, when thirty thousand insurgents, headed -by their priests in clerical vestments, attacked the -town with great fury, but were repulsed with the -loss of an immense number of men. From the -circumstance of there being no force of any consequence -to prevent the rebels marching upon the -capital, this was an action of the greatest importance, -and was most obstinately contested.</p> - -<p>The same squadron was afterwards instrumental -in relieving the loyalists in the town of <em>Ballycarnen</em>, -where they were besieged by the rebels,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span> -and had only a small party of militia to assist in the -defence of the place. The cavalry advanced with -great bravery, and was assailed by a sharp fire -from behind the fences, and a barrier of carts and -other vehicles formed across the road, which it was -found impossible to force by cavalry alone, and the -troops retired until a body of infantry arrived; -when the whole advanced,—routed the rebels, and -pursued them with great slaughter.</p> - -<p>Lieutenant-Colonel Sherlock was afterwards -engaged with the squadron of the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon -Guards</span> under his orders, at <em>Gorey</em>, and charged -the rebels several times with success.</p> - -<p>The same squadron was also engaged in the -action at <em>Vinegar Hill</em>,—the stronghold of the -rebels, where the most inhuman tragedies had been -committed on hundreds of Protestants. This post -was attacked on the 21st of June, and the insurgents -were routed with great slaughter and many -prisoners were captured. The squadron of the -<span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> charged and pursued -the rebels, and took many prisoners. It afterwards -overtook an insurgent corps near a place called -<em>White Hills</em>, where, after a sharp contest, the -rebels were routed, and they fled in all directions.</p> - -<p>While these events were transpiring, another -detachment of the regiment was employed in the -county of Kildare, and had several skirmishes with -bands of insurgents.</p> - -<p>A patrole of the regiment, commanded by Captain -Pack, proceeding towards <em>Prosperous</em>, encountered -one hundred rebels well mounted and equipped; -the Dragoon Guards instantly charged with signal<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> -valour and intrepidity, routed their adversaries at -the first shock, killed twenty on the spot, and captured -eight horses.</p> - -<p>When the rebellion was nearly suppressed, the -French endeavoured to revive the contest by sending -General Humbert with about a thousand men, -who landed at Killala on the 22d of August. The -<span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> marched from Dublin -to oppose the combined rebel and French forces, -and were attached to the column under the Marquis -of Cornwallis's command. The action at -<em>Ballinamuck</em> on the 8th of September followed; -the French surrendered themselves prisoners of war, -and the insurgents were dispersed. After the -action, the Marquis of Cornwallis selected a squadron -of the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span>, commanded -by Captain (afterwards Sir William) Ponsonby, to -escort him on his return to Dublin.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1799</div> - -<p>The rebellion in Ireland having been suppressed, -the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> were embarked in -1799, in order to join the expedition to Holland, -commanded by His Royal Highness the Duke of -York; but the order for their proceeding on this -service was countermanded, and after disembarking -at Liverpool, they marched into quarters in Herefordshire -and Gloucestershire.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1802<br />1803</div> - -<p>After the conclusion of the Treaty of Amiens, a -reduction of two troops was made in the establishment; -but on the breaking out of the war in 1803, -the army was again augmented, and an addition of -two troops was again made to the strength of the -regiment.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1804</div> - -<p>In the following year King George III. was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span> -pleased to confer upon the regiment the distinguished -title of <span class="smcap">The Princess Charlotte of -Wales's Regiment of Dragoon Guards</span>, in -honour of Her Royal Highness the Princess -Charlotte Carolina Augusta, daughter of George -William Frederick Prince of Wales (afterwards -George IV.), by Carolina Amelia Elizabeth, -second daughter of the Duke of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel. -The Princess Charlotte of Wales exhibited -in her early life a most amiable disposition with -excellent traits of character, and, being considered -as the future sovereign of Great Britain, the -nation saw in her qualities calculated to adorn the -throne, and to make a great and civilized people -happy; hence, the conferring of Her Royal Highness's -title on the regiment, was considered a -special mark of His Majesty's favour and approbation.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1805<br />1808</div> - -<p>The regiment proceeded to Ireland in 1805, and -remained in that country until the summer of -1808, when it returned to England.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1811</div> - -<p>On the 8th of July, 1811, His Royal Highness -the Prince of Wales, who was Regent of the -United Kingdom during the indisposition of King -George III., reviewed the regiment on Wimbledon -common, on which occasion it was commanded by -its Colonel, the veteran General Thomas Bland, -and the Prince Regent was graciously pleased to -express his approbation of its appearance, and of -the rapidity and brilliant execution of its movements; -and as the regiment was about to proceed -on foreign service, the most lively anticipations of -its achievements at the theatre of war were produced.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span> -It was not, at this period, mounted on -horses of so heavy a description as formerly; but, -while it bore the title of a heavy cavalry regiment, -and retained sufficient weight for a powerful charge -in line, it had acquired a lightness which rendered -it available for every description of service. The -heavy cavalry corps which formerly constituted -so important a portion of the armies of England, -had been improved in efficiency and usefulness by -mounting them on horses of a lighter description.</p> - -<p>The occasion of the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> -proceeding abroad at this period, was the attempt -made by that tyrannical power which had risen out -of the French revolution, of which Napoleon Bonaparte -had become the head, to subjugate the -kingdoms of Spain and Portugal: the inhabitants -of those countries were in arms against the usurper; -a British force commanded by Lord Wellington -had been sent to their aid; and this regiment was -one of the corps selected to reinforce the army -under his lordship's command.</p> - -<p>Six troops of this regiment, amounting to five -hundred and forty-four officers and men, commanded -by Lieutenant-Colonel the Honourable -William Ponsonby, embarked at Portsmouth on -the 12th of August, and having landed at Lisbon -on the 4th of September, occupied quarters at -Belem about six weeks, and afterwards advanced -up the country. When the army went into quarters -for the winter, the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> -were stationed at Thomar.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1812</div> - -<p>The army resumed operations in the beginning -of January, 1812, with the siege and capture of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span> -Ciudad Rodrigo: and in March the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon -Guards</span> proceeded into the south of Spain -to watch the movements of Marshal Soult, and to -cover the siege of <em>Badajoz</em>. The regiment arrived, -with the remainder of its brigade (the Third and -Fourth Dragoons), at Borba, in the Alentejo, on -the 5th of March, crossed the Guadiana on the -15th, and formed the van of the covering army -until it arrived at the foot of an extensive chain of -mountains called the Sierra Morena. On the advance -of Marshal Soult, the covering army retired -upon Albuhera. The fortress of <em>Badajoz</em> was -captured by storm on the 6th of April; and in a -few days afterwards the regiment had an opportunity -of distinguishing itself in action with the -enemy. A large body of cavalry advanced upon -<em>Llerena</em>; the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> marched -on the 10th of April to Los Santos, and continued -their route during the night to Bienvenida,—proceeding -a distance of sixty miles without halting, -and the last four miles at a brisk pace, through a -country abounding with obstructions; then forming -with celerity, advanced through a grove of olive-trees, -beyond which a body of French cavalry, of -more than thrice the numbers of the regiment, -was formed up. The sight of so numerous an -enemy did not intimidate the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon -Guards</span>; but acted as a spur to their energies, -and excited them to exertions which evinced their -native valour and intrepidity, and occasioned them -to rival the deeds of their predecessors in the field -of glory. The fatigues of the previous march -were forgotten, and the gallant troopers charged<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> -with such spirit and resolution, that the French -squadrons were broken, and being also attacked -by the light brigade, they retired in disorder -under cover of their infantry and artillery, leaving -behind about one hundred killed and wounded, -and one lieutenant-colonel, two captains, one -lieutenant, and one hundred and forty men prisoners, -also nearly one hundred horses. Actions -in which the numbers engaged are not very great, -do not produce, in their bearing on the affairs of -nations, very important results, hence they are -often overlooked, or but slightly noticed, by general -historians; yet on these occasions individual corps -often distinguish themselves in an eminent degree; -and the excellent conduct of the British cavalry at -<em>Llerena</em>, elicited the following orders:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p class="right fs80">"<em>Lafra, 12th April, 1812.</em></p> - -<p class="center">"<span class="smcap">Cavalry Orders.</span></p> - -<p>"Lieutenant-General Sir Stapleton Cotton -begs Major-General Le Marchant and the Honourable -Lieutenant-Colonel Ponsonby will -accept his best thanks, for the gallant and judicious -manner in which they commanded their -brigades yesterday, and he requests they will -make known to the officers commanding regiments, -the lieutenant-general's high approbation -of their conduct, as well as of the zeal and attention -displayed by all ranks. The order which -was preserved by the troops in pursuing the -enemy, and the quickness with which they -formed after every attack, does infinite credit to -the commanding officers, and is a convincing<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> -proof of the good discipline of the several regiments.</p> - -<p>"The Lieutenant-General was very much satisfied -with the conduct of the Third and Fourth -Dragoons, in supporting the Fifth Dragoon -Guards and Major-General Anson's brigade.</p> - -<p>"To Lieutenant-Colonel Elley, Sir Stapleton's -warmest thanks are due, for the great assistance -he derived from the zeal and activity displayed -by that officer; and the Lieutenant-General begs -that Captain White and Captain Baron Deckan -will accept his acknowledgments for the assistance -they afforded him yesterday. Sir Stapleton -Cotton has only to assure the cavalry that their -gallant and regular conduct yesterday has made -him, if possible, more proud than ever of the high -command entrusted to him.</p> - -<p class="right smcap">"<span class="padr2">Stapleton Cotton,</span><br /> -<span class="fs80">"Lieutenant-General.</span>" -</p></div> - - -<p class="p2" /> -<div class="blockquot"> -<p class="right fs80">"<em>Olivenza, 15th April, 1812.</em></p> - -<p class="center">"<span class="smcap">Brigade Orders.</span></p> - -<p>"Major-General Le Marchant has great satisfaction -in conveying to his brigade the approbation -and thanks of Lieutenant-General Sir -Stapleton Cotton commanding the cavalry, for -their gallant conduct near Llerena on the 11th -instant.</p> - -<p>"Whilst the Major-General is perfectly satisfied -with the zeal shown by every individual of the -brigade in the execution of his duty on that -occasion, he considers that <em>the charge made by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> -the</em> <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> <em>deserves his particular -admiration and approval, and he requests -that</em> <span class="smcap">Major Prescott</span> <em>and the officers of that -corps will accept his best thanks, as well for their -services as for the credit which their gallant -conduct reflects on the command which he has -the honour to hold</em>.</p> - -<p class="right smcap">"<span class="padr2">T. Hutchins,</span><br /> -<span class="fs80">"Brigade-Major.</span>" -</p></div> - -<p>These orders were forwarded to the depôt of the -regiment in England, to be inserted in the records, -accompanied by a letter, of which the following is -an extract:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p class="right fs80">"<em>Crato, Portugal, 7th May, 1812.</em></p> - -<p>"<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,—I have great pleasure in communicating -to you, by direction of Colonel Ponsonby, the -cavalry and brigade orders issued on a late occasion, -when the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> attacked -a very superior enemy, and forced him to retire -with the loss of about one hundred killed and -wounded, besides one lieutenant-colonel, two -captains, one lieutenant, and one hundred and -forty men taken prisoners, with near one hundred -horses. This affair presents a pledge of -the future good conduct of the regiment whenever -an opportunity again appears of meeting the -enemy, and must be peculiarly gratifying to -you and to the remainder of the corps at the -depôt in England, to hear from such undoubted -authority, that the regiment still continues to -support that high character which it gained on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> -many former glorious occasions, and in our -estimation this last is not the least:—the regiment -having, previous to the attack on three -times its numbers of the enemy's best cavalry, -made a forced march of upwards of sixty miles -without halting,—four of the last of which was -at a very brisk pace, through a difficult country, -over rocks, ravines, and stone walls; then forming -with unexampled celerity, and charging with -equal and regular rapidity through a grove of -olive-trees until it came in contact with the -enemy, who retired in great disorder under the -cover of his infantry and guns. Our loss in this -brilliant affair was comparatively trifling, as -will be seen by the subjoined statement of the -names of the brave men who fell.</p> - -<p class="right smcap">"<span class="padr2">W. Jackson,</span><br /> -<span class="fs80">"Adjutant.</span>" -</p></div> - -<p class="p1" /> -<p>Thus the <span class="smcap">Dragoon Guards</span> of the nineteenth -century are found rivalling the celebrated heavy -<span class="smcap">Horse</span> of the preceding ages. The regiment lost, -on this occasion, one corporal and fourteen private -men killed; Major Prescot, Lieutenant Walker, -three serjeants, one corporal, and twenty-one private -men wounded.</p> - -<p>A detachment of the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> -escorted the prisoners captured on this occasion to -the fortress of Elvas in Portugal. The regiment -afterwards marched to Crato.</p> - -<p>Advancing from Crato into Spain, the <span class="smcap">Fifth -Dragoon Guards</span> took part in the movements -by which the French were driven from Salamanca,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span> -and the forts at that city were besieged and captured.</p> - -<p>After the capture of the forts, the regiment -advanced upon Toro, but was subsequently ordered -to retire to Alaejos to support a body of troops, -under Lieutenant-General Sir Stapleton Cotton, -posted on the Trabancos; and several retrograde -movements followed, which were succeeded by the -battle of <em>Salamanca</em>. During the night before -this eventful day, while the regiment was dismounted, -a violent storm occurred. The thunder -rolled with tremendous violence over the heads of -the men and horses; the lightning played in sheets -of fire and shed its blazing gleams upon the polished -arms; and the rain fell in torrents. One -flash fell among the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span>; -the terrified horses breaking loose galloped wildly -about in the dark, and every additional clap of -thunder and blaze of lightning augmented the confusion. -Twenty men of the regiment were trampled -down and disabled, and several horses escaped -into the French lines.</p> - -<p>On the morning of the memorable 22d of July, -the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span>, commanded by -Colonel the Honourable William Ponsonby, moved -from their bivouac and formed in the rear of the -centre of the position occupied by the allied army.</p> - -<p>While the French commander was manœuvring, -Lord Wellington took advantage of an injudicious -movement, and ordered his divisions forward to -attack their adversaries, when the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon -Guards</span> took ground to their right, passed the -village of Arapiles, and advancing in support of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> -the third and fifth divisions, were exposed to a -heavy cannonade. The French army, being attacked -at the moment it was making a complicated -evolution, was unable to withstand the British -forces; in a short time, a favourable opportunity -for a charge of the heavy cavalry occurred, and -the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span>, and Third and -Fourth Dragoons, were ordered to attack.<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span> -bugles sounded; the brigade moved forward, increasing -its pace, with Major-General Le Marchant -at its head, and a most animated scene presented -itself. The din of battle was heard on -every side; clouds of dust and rising columns of -smoke darkened the air, and enveloped the foaming -squadrons as they dashed forward and shook the -ground with their trampling hoofs. In front, the -glittering bayonets and waving colours of French -infantry were dimly seen through the thickened -atmosphere; these formidable ranks of war were, -in an instant, broken and overthrown by the -terrific charge of this brigade; the resolute -troopers, mingling with their discomfited antagonists, -cut them down with a dreadful carnage, -while the British infantry raised shouts of triumph -and applause at the success of the cavalry, and -numbers of the enemy laid down their arms, and -surrendered prisoners of war. Major-General Le -Marchant was shot through the body, which terminated -the career of that gallant and talented -officer; the command of the brigade devolved -on the brave Colonel the Honourable William<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span> -Ponsonby of the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span>, -and the officers and men of the regiment, -emulating the heroic fire and energy of their -favourite leader, performed deeds of valour -worthy the high character of their corps. Having -subdued one body of infantry, they continued -their career through a wood in their front -without waiting to re-form their ranks; another -formidable mass of fresh adversaries presented itself; -the undaunted heavy horsemen, conscious of -their power, flushed with success, stimulated to -new energies by seeing Lieutenant-General Sir -Stapleton Cotton and his staff at their head, -rushed forward with reckless fury; though assailed -by a volley of musketry, which proved fatal to -many, the survivors passed through the curling -smoke, scarcely seeming to touch the ground, and -the next moment the French column was broken -with a dreadful crash. That mass of infantry, a -moment before so menacing and conspicuous, was -become a confused rabble, while the victorious -troopers, exulting in uncontrollable might, trampled -down and plunged their horses through the -enemy's ranks, sabring their dismayed adversaries, -and producing havoc and confusion on every -hand.<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> Five guns and more than two thousand prisoners -were captured, and a division of French infantry -was destroyed; two guns were seized by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span> -the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span>, and sent to the -rear immediately after they broke through the -enemy's ranks. Such were the splendid results -of this gallant and dreadful charge, in which the -weight, prowess, and daring impetuosity of the -<span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span>, and Third and Fourth -Dragoons, seconded by the light brigade, proved -irresistible, and contributed materially in deciding -the fortune of a battle in which the French army -sustained a decisive overthrow, and eleven guns -and two <em>eagles</em> remained in possession of the conquerors. -The British commander stated in his -public despatch,—"The cavalry, under Sir Stapleton -Cotton, made a most gallant and successful -charge upon a body of French infantry, -which they overthrew and cut to pieces:" Colonel -the Honourable William Ponsonby was presented -with a gold medal for his conduct as commanding -officer; and the regiment was afterwards -rewarded with the honour of bearing the word -<span class="smcap">Salamanca</span> on its standards and appointments. -Its loss was Captain Osborne, two serjeants, one -corporal, and twelve private men killed; Lieutenant -Christie, one serjeant, one corporal, and -fourteen private men wounded.</p> - -<div class="figcenter pg-brk"> -<a name="Plate_60" id="Plate_60"></a> -<img src="images/i_b_060fp.jpg" width="650" alt="" /> -<div class="caption"> - -FIFTH (THE PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S) REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS,<br /> -<br /> -At the Battle of Salamanca, 22nd July, 1812.<br /> -<p class="rt">[<em>To face page 60.</em></p></div> -</div> - -<p>The left squadron of the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon -Guards</span> was attached to Major-General Bock's -brigade of heavy German cavalry, and sent in -pursuit of the wreck of the French army, which -retreated by Alba upon Valladolid; the French -rear-guard was overtaken about three leagues beyond -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span><em>Alba de Tormes</em>, a sharp engagement -ensued, and about nine hundred prisoners were -captured.</p> - -<p>Colonel the Honourable William Ponsonby, of -the Fifth Dragoon Guards, having been appointed -to the staff of the army, and to the command of -the heavy cavalry brigade, issued the following -order on the subject:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p class="right fs80">"<em>Camp near Flores de Avila,</em><br /> -<span class="padr2"><em>25th July, 1812.</em></span></p> - -<p class="pad2">"<span class="smcap">Regimental Orders</span>,</p> - -<p>"His Excellency, the commander of the forces, -having been pleased to appoint Colonel Ponsonby -to the staff of this army, and to the distinguished -honour of commanding this brigade, -Major Prescott will be pleased to take upon -himself the command of the regiment.</p> - -<p>"The <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> well know -how highly Colonel Ponsonby has always -prized the honour of commanding them; and if -the pride he has long felt in the command of -a regiment deservedly of such high character -admitted of augmentation, its most gallant and -glorious achievements in the field, as well as its -soldier-like conduct in quarters, since its arrival -in this country, could not fail to enhance it. -He assures the officers and men of the regiment, -that it is now with considerable regret he takes -his leave of them as their regimental commanding -officer, although in the course of professional -promotion; and he requests Major Prescott, -the officers, non-commissioned officers, and the -whole of the regiment, will accept his warm and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> -sincere thanks for the past, as well as his heartfelt -and anxious good wishes for the future. -May the Fifth Dragoon Guards long continue -to be ranked as second to none in His Majesty's -service."</p></div> - -<p>The regiment accompanied the army in the -subsequent movements, and in the advance upon -the capital of Spain; and it formed part of the -personal escort of the Marquis of Wellington -when he entered Madrid on the 12th of August; -it was formed up at the Segovia-gate, when his -lordship received the keys from the municipality. -The <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> entered the city -amidst the acclamations of the inhabitants, and -occupied quarters there until the 18th of August.</p> - -<p>Leaving the metropolis of Spain to engage in -operations against the French army, the regiment -proceeded to St. Ildefonso, remained there a few -days, and afterwards proceeded to the vicinity of -<em>Burgos</em>, where the enemy was found in position -on the 17th of September. The <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon -Guards</span>, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, were -ordered to the front, and dispositions were made -for the attack; but the French commander withdrew -his forces, leaving a strong garrison in the -castle of Burgos. This fortress was besieged, -and the regiment, forming part of the covering -army, was stationed at Villamar, the head quarters -of the cavalry. On the 19th of October, the -enemy attempted to relieve the besieged, and -attacked and carried the village of Quintanapalla; -the left wing of infantry and <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon -Guards</span>, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, advanced<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span> -to retake the village, but on the approach -of this force the French retreated.</p> - -<p>At length, the movements of the superior numbers -of the enemy, rendered it necessary for the -main army to unite with the forces under Lieutenant-General -Sir Rowland Hill, and a retreat was -resolved upon. Withdrawing from Burgos with -great secrecy on the night of the 21st of October, -the army commenced its celebrated retreat to the -frontiers of Portugal, which was performed under -peculiar difficulties, and in presence of an immense -superiority of numbers, with the same signal -ability which distinguished all the operations of -the British commander, who evinced, on many -occasions during this war, the sublimity of military -talent.</p> - -<p>On the 23rd of October, the army continued its -retreat in two columns; the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon -Guards</span>, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, covering -the retreat of the column from Hormillos; the -enemy menaced the rear with an immense force of -cavalry, but was unable to make a serious impression, -and the British troops bivouacked that night -on the hills above Cordovilla. Resuming the -march an hour before daylight on the following -morning, the column passed the bridge of Cordovilla -and crossed the Carrion, covered by Colonel -Ponsonby's brigade, and the head quarters were -established at Duenas, from whence two squadrons -of the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> and Third Dragoons -were detached, to cover the working parties -employed in mining the bridges of Palencia for -destruction; but the French advancing in great<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> -force gained possession of the bridges in an unbroken -state. On the 26th the army resumed its -retrograde movement, crossed the Pisuerga at -Cabeçon, and occupied that town and its vicinity -until the 29th, when it again retired, and, having -crossed the Douro, occupied a position beyond that -river several days. On the 6th of November the -army retreated on Salamanca; on the 15th it resumed -its march, and having crossed the Agueda, -proceeded into quarters in Portugal. The <span class="smcap">Fifth -Dragoon Guards</span> halted eight days at Gallegos, -in the province of Biera, and afterwards proceeded -to Ervidal, where they remained until the 28th of -December, and subsequently marched to Goes.</p> - -<p>Thus ended this eventful campaign, in which the -allied army, after capturing the two important -fortresses of Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajoz, gaining -the glorious victory of Salamanca, and penetrating -to the metropolis of Spain, was forced, by the -superior number of the enemy's concentrated -forces, to return to its former posts. The gigantic -power to which the French revolution had given -birth was, however, on the eve of being broken; -Bonaparte, the tyrant of Europe, had resolved on -the fatal expedition to Russia, where he lost a -powerful army in the snow, and the victory at -Salamanca was the precursor of greater triumphs -over the disturbers of christendom. The immense -distance marched by the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> -during the year 1812, with the scarcity of forage -and constant exposure to every description of -weather, occasioned the loss of many horses; it -has been computed that the regiment marched<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span> -about two thousand miles within twelve -months.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1813</div> - -<p>The regiment was again in motion in February, -1813, and having taken post at Viride, in the -valley of the Mondego, occupied that station until -the middle of April, when it proceeded to Guimarers, -and halted there seventeen days.</p> - -<p>In May the army commenced operations with -a prospect of more splendid results than on any -former occasion; and Colonel Ponsonby's brigade, -which still consisted of the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon -Guards</span>, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, traversed -the wild and mountainous country of Trasos-Montes, -and crossed the Esla on the 26th of -May. The enemy, no longer possessing that -superiority of numbers by which he had formerly -gained so many advantages, abandoned the line of -the Douro; Ponsonby's brigade directed its march -on Valencia, passed that town, and advanced on -Burgos. On the 12th of June, the brigade overtook -the enemy's rear-guard on the heights of -Estepar, when the Third Dragoons were detached -to cut off part of the enemy's force, in which they -succeeded, and Captain Miles, of the Fourteenth -Dragoons, charging, took some prisoners and one -gun. During the succeeding night, the French -blew up the castle of Burgos, and retired behind -the Ebro. Colonel Ponsonby's brigade moved to -the left, and after traversing a romantic tract of -country, over mountains and rugged precipices, -crossed the Ebro on the 15th of June, and advanced -on <em>Vittoria</em>, where the enemy concentrated -his forces and took up a defensive position.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span></p> - -<p>At day-break, on the morning of the 21st of June, -the allied army advanced against the enemy, and the -<span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> supported the columns -of attack. The British infantry dislodged their -adversaries from the several eminences and strong -posts at the point of the bayonet, and being supported -and sustained by the cavalry, forced the -enemy, after a dreadful slaughter had taken place, -to retreat with the loss of his guns, ammunition, -and baggage. The cavalry, having been prevented -by the nature of the ground from charging during -the early part of the day, was enabled to dash forward -towards the close of the action, and to complete -the rout and discomfiture of the French -army. The <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> had only -one man wounded on this occasion. Their gallant -bearing throughout the day, procured them the -honour of displaying the word <span class="smcap">Vittoria</span> on their -standards and appointments, and their commanding -officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Prescott, was rewarded -with a gold medal. The brigade continued -the pursuit of the enemy on the following day, and -on the 27th of June was detached, to endeavour to -intercept the retreat of a division of the French -army, under General Clausel; but this body of -troops escaped to France by the pass of Jaca. -The <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> had advanced to -Tafalla, where they remained fourteen days, when, -forage becoming scarce, they proceeded to Miranda. -In the mean time, the infantry having -blockaded Pampeluna, penetrated the Pyrenean -mountains. Marshal Soult advanced to relieve -Pampeluna, when these celebrated mountains became<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> -the scene of several fierce and deadly contests -between the English and French infantry, and -the cavalry were ordered forward in support. The -<span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> left Mirando on the -26th of July, and were formed up at the foot of -the Pyrenees during the actions in the mountains -towards the end of the month, when the French -were defeated and forced to retire with great loss.</p> - -<p>The heavy cavalry not being required in the -mountain operations of the army, the <span class="smcap">Fifth -Dragoon Guards</span> marched to Estella, a city of -Navarre, where they arrived on the 11th of -August, and remained until the 27th of December, -when, forage becoming scarce, they proceeded -to the plains of Vittoria, and occupied Guérena -and adjacent villages.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1814</div> - -<p>Towards the end of February, 1814, the <span class="smcap">Fifth -Dragoon Guards</span> again advanced. After passing -through the Pyrenean mountains, they entered -France, and followed the route of the French -troops retreating on Bayonne. On the 19th of -March, the army, under Marshal Soult, <ins class="corr" title="Transcriber's Note—Original text: 'was discocovered in'">was discovered -in</ins> position near <em>Tarbes</em>, when a division -of infantry and Major-General Ponsonby's brigade -of cavalry were ordered to turn the enemy's right -flank at Rabastens, but the French, being thus -threatened, retired. Following the rear of the -French army, the brigade crossed the Garonne, on -a pontoon bridge, at St. Roques, on the 31st of -March, and seized the bridge on the Arriege, at -Cintagabelle; but the roads were found so bad in -this direction, that the troops were recalled, and -the pontoon bridge being removed to Grenade, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span> -brigade passed the river on the 4th of April, took -post at Grissolles, and placed a strong picquet on -the road to Montauban.</p> - -<p>In the mean time, the French army had taken -up a strong position to cover <em>Toulouse</em>, where they -were attacked by the allied army on the 10th of -April. The infantry attacked the enemy's entrenchments -with their usual intrepidity. The -cavalry brigade, consisting of the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon -Guards</span>, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, was -commanded on this occasion by Lieutenant-Colonel -Lord Charles Manners; it was employed in supporting -the Spanish forces, and, by its firm countenance, -it enabled them, after having been thrown -into some confusion, to rally and re-form their -broken ranks. It also saved the Portuguese guns -from being captured by the French, and subsequently -supported Lieutenant-General Clinton's -division: at length, the enemy was driven from his -works, and forced to take shelter in the town. -The <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> had one corporal -killed and Cornet Lucas wounded; and their services -on this occasion were rewarded with the -honour of bearing the word <span class="smcap">Toulouse</span> on their -standards and appointments.</p> - -<p>Shortly after this victory hostilities were terminated, -by the removal of Buonaparte from the -throne of France, and the restoration of the Bourbon -dynasty. Thus ended the toils and conflicts -of this destructive war, and the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon -Guards</span>, after traversing kingdoms, enduring privations, -and gaining victories, had the gratification -of witnessing the restoration of peace. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span> -French forces, after fighting to add province to -province, and kingdom to kingdom, to found new -empires upon the ruins of conquered states, to subject -mankind to the tyranny of a lawless despot, -saw their hopes blasted, their conquests wrested -from them, their country invaded and subject to -the power of foreigners; but the British army, -which fought under the immortal Wellington for the -good of Europe,—for the welfare of other nations, -preserved its own country from the horrors of -war, and had the glory of conquering to establish -the peace of Christendom.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> remained in -cantonments until the 1st of June, when, having -sent their dismounted men and heavy baggage to -Bourdeaux, they commenced their march for Boulogne.<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> -This long march, from one extremity of -France to another, was performed in the short -period of six weeks; and, previous to embarking, -Major-General Ponsonby expressed to the three -regiments in brigade orders, "the high sense he -entertained of their uniformly excellent conduct -both in quarters and in the field:" adding, "It -is a gratifying circumstance that, during the -whole period of service, they have, in no instance, -individually or collectively, incurred animadversion -in general orders; that no individual of the -brigade has been brought before a general court -martial; and that not one instance has occurred -(to the major-general's knowledge) of interior<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span> -disagreement in the brigade. With equal truth -the major-general can assert, that upon every -occasion which has presented itself of acting -against the enemy, whether regimentally or in -brigade, they have nobly sustained the superiority -of the British cavalry, and fully justified the high -opinion so repeatedly expressed with regard to -them by his Grace the Duke of Wellington. -The three regiments will ever have to congratulate -themselves on its having fallen to their lot to -be the brigade employed in that glorious and -effectual charge, which contributed in so eminent -a degree to decide the fate of the day at <span class="smcap">Salamanca</span>, -and to secure the signal and complete -defeat of the French army. It only remains for -the major-general to declare his satisfaction at -the exemplary conduct of the brigade during -the march through France; and he concludes -by requesting that Lieutenant-Colonel Lord -Charles Manners, Lieutenant-Colonel Prescott, -and Major Hugonin, will themselves accept, -and have the goodness to communicate to the -regiments under their respective commands, his -best and warmest thanks for their zealous and -steady services during the time he has had the -honour of commanding the brigade, together -with his earnest and sincere good wishes for -their future welfare. He also requests Brigade-Major -Hill will accept his best thanks for the -zeal and assiduous attention with which he has -discharged the duties of his situation."</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> embarked at -Boulogne on the 17th and 18th of July, landed at -Dover on the 19th and 20th, and marched from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span> -thence to Woodbridge barracks, where the depôt -and heavy baggage joined from Canterbury, and a -reduction of two troops was made in the establishment. -In October the regiment marched to -Ipswich and adjacents.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1815</div> - -<p>In April, 1815, "His Royal Highness the -Prince Regent was pleased, in the name and on -the behalf of His Majesty, to approve of the -<span class="smcap">Fifth, or Princess Charlotte of Wales's -Regiment of Dragoon Guards</span>, being permitted -to bear on its standards and appointments -(in addition to any other badges or devices -which may have been heretofore granted to the -regiment), the word '<span class="smcap">Peninsula</span>,' in commemoration -of its services during the late war in Portugal, -Spain, and France, under the command -of Field-Marshal the Duke of Wellington."</p> - -<p>On the 8th of April, the regiment marched to -Nottingham, Coventry, Northampton, and Leicester; -and the return of Napoleon Buonaparte to -France, in breach of the treaty of 1814, having -occasioned a declaration of war, six troops were -ordered to be held in readiness for foreign service; -but, to the great regret of the officers and men, -who panted for another opportunity of signalizing -themselves under the Duke of Wellington, the -order was subsequently countermanded in consequence -of the number of young and untrained -horses in the regiment.</p> - -<p>In June, the officers and men of the <span class="smcap">Fifth -Dragoon Guards</span> received the painful intelligence -of the fall of Major-General Sir William -Ponsonby, G.C.B., at the battle of Waterloo.<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a></p> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span></p> -<p>In July, the regiment marched to York, Sheffield, -Leeds, Huddersfield, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> -in September, the several troops proceeded -to Newcastle, in consequence of the riotous conduct -of the seamen in the ports of that neighbourhood.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1816</div> - -<p>In January, 1816, the regiment occupied Newcastle, -York, Carlisle, Penrith, and Whitehaven; -during the summer, it proceeded to Ireland, and, -arriving at Dublin towards the end of August, -remained on duty in that garrison six months.</p> - -<p>General Bland died at Isleworth on the 14th of -October, 1816; and on the 18th of that month, -His Royal Highness Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg -of Saalfield, K.G., G.C.B., G.C.H., was -appointed Colonel of the <span class="smcap">Fifth, or Princess -Charlotte of Wales's Regiment of Dragoon -Guards</span>.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1817</div> - -<p>The regiment left Ireland in February, 1817, -and proceeded to Scotland, where it remained -until the autumn; and, on its arrival in England, -it occupied Ipswich, Norwich, &c.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Princess Charlotte of Wales</span> died on -the 6th of November of this year, but the title of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span> -the regiment is continued, in honour of the memory -of that amiable Princess.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1818<br />1819<br />1820</div> - -<p>In July, 1818, the regiment proceeded to -York, where the establishment was reduced to fifty -men and thirty-four horses per troop; in the summer -of 1819, it marched to Birmingham, Coventry, -and Wolverhampton; in April, 1820, to Manchester,<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> -Oldham, and Ashton; and in August of the -same year, to York, Leeds, and Huddersfield.</p> - -<p>On the 3rd of September a communication was -received from Major-General Sir John Byng commanding -the northern district, enclosing a letter -from the Military Secretary, wherein it was stated -that "His Royal Highness the commander-in-chief -approved highly of the general good conduct, -loyalty, and steadiness of the regiment, of which -favourable report was made to His Royal Highness -from all quarters."</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1821</div> - -<p>In April, 1821, the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> -marched to Scotland, and occupied Hamilton, -Glasgow, and Paisley: in August the regiment -proceeded to Ireland, and was quartered at Belfast, -Belturbet, Sligo, Enniskillen, and Dundalk; at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span> -the same time a reduction of two troops was made -in the establishment, leaving the numbers six -troops, of three officers, fifty-five men, and forty-two -troop-horses each.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1822<br />1823<br />1824</div> - -<p>The regiment marched to Porto Bello barracks, -Dublin, in July, 1822; from thence to Ballinrobe, -Gort, Loughrea, Athlone, Roscommon, and Dunmore, -in May, 1823: and in July, 1824, to Dundalk -and Belturbet.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1825</div> - -<p>The regiment left Ireland in April, 1825, and -proceeding to Scotland, was stationed at Glasgow -and Hamilton.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1826</div> - -<p>Leaving Scotland in the spring of 1826, the -regiment proceeded to York and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, -with a detachment on revenue duty at -Beverley. In April the regiment was ordered -into the manufacturing districts of Yorkshire, in -consequence of some disturbance amongst the -operatives, but returned to York in June.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1827</div> - -<p>In February, 1827, the regiment proceeded to -Leeds, Rochdale, and Sheffield.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1828<br />1829</div> - -<p>In May, 1828, the regiment marched to Dorchester, -Weymouth, Troubridge, and Christ -Church, with detached parties on coast duty, and -in the following summer it proceeded to Canterbury.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1830</div> - -<p>Leaving Canterbury in April, 1830, the regiment -marched to Coventry and Birmingham. In -July of the same year His Majesty, King William -IV., was pleased to command that the <span class="smcap">Fifth -Dragoon Guards</span> should proceed to Windsor, -to undertake the duties usually performed by the -household cavalry; and, shortly after their arrival -there, they were inspected by Field Marshal -Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, when his Royal<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span> -Highness expressed himself much gratified with -the excellent appearance and discipline of his corps.</p> - -<p>On the 14th of August the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon -Guards</span>, commanded by Prince Leopold in person, -were reviewed in the barrack square at Windsor, -by his Majesty King William IV., accompanied -by the Queen and other members of the royal -family. His Majesty having made a minute inspection -of the regiment, was pleased to express -his high approbation of its martial appearance and -efficiency: and the officers were then severally presented -to the King, by Prince Leopold. After the -review their Majesties, with the other members of -the royal family and distinguished personages present, -partook of a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">déjeuné</i> prepared by order of -Prince Leopold, under tents on the green, and in -the officers' mess-room.</p> - -<p>His Majesty, accompanied by Lord Hill (the -general commanding-in-chief) inspected the <span class="smcap">Fifth -Dragoon Guards</span> in the great quadrangle at -Windsor Castle, on the 29th of August, and again -expressed his royal approbation of their appearance -and discipline.</p> - -<p>In October of the same year the regiment -marched to Maidstone and adjacent places. In the -following month the head quarters proceeded to -Tunbridge Wells, and, in consequence of the -riotous conduct of the agricultural labourers in -Sussex, the remainder of the corps was dispersed -in various parts of that county. In December the -head quarters proceeded to Brighton, and occupied -the cavalry barrack at that town during His -Majesty's residence at the Royal Pavilion.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1831</div> - -<p>Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg having been<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span> -elected king of the Belgians, resigned the commission -of Colonel of the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span>, -and King William IV. was graciously pleased to -confer that appointment on Lieutenant-General -Sir John Slade, Bart. G.C.H., by commission, -dated 20th July, 1831.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1834</div> - -<p>The regiment embarked at Bristol on the 17th -April, 1831, and landed at Dublin on the following -day. It continued on duty at various stations -in Ireland until April, 1834, when it again returned -to England, disembarked at Liverpool on the 22d -of that month, and was stationed for one year at -Manchester.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1835<br />1836<br />1837<br />1838</div> - -<p>In May, 1835, the regiment proceeded to Scotland, -from whence it returned in the following year, -and was stationed at Leeds; in April, 1837, -its head-quarters were established at Birmingham; -and in May, 1838, at York.</p> - -<p class="p1" /> -<p>The foregoing pages contain an account of the -services of the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span> to the -termination of the year 1838, and its record bears -ample testimony to the zeal and bravery which -have been evinced by this distinguished corps on -occasions when it has had an opportunity to attest -its valour in presence of a foreign enemy.</p> - -<p>Its noble and gallant conduct, as a regiment of -<span class="smcap">Horse</span>, at the battle of the <em>Boyne</em> in 1690;—at -the heights of <em>Schellenberg</em>;—also at the memorable -battle of <em>Blenheim</em>, where the French and -Bavarian armies were nearly destroyed, and their -commander, standards, and colours were captured, -in 1704;—its heroic achievements in 1705 at the -forcing of the French lines at <em>Helixem</em> and <em>Neer-Hespen</em>, -where it captured the standards of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span> -Bavarian horse-guards;—the glorious part it took -in annihilating one of the finest and best appointed -armies France ever brought into the field, -at <em>Ramilies</em> in 1706;—its intrepid bearing, as a -corps of <span class="smcap">Cuirassiers</span>, in 1708 in the field at -<em>Oudenarde</em>, and in the action at <em>Wynendale</em>;—the -valour it displayed in close combat with the -French household troops at the sanguinary battle -of <em>Malplaquet</em> in 1709;—the ardour it evinced -in the movements and skirmishes which led to the -capture of the fortress of <em>Bouchain</em> in 1711;—its -gallantry as a corps of <span class="smcap">Dragoon Guards</span> in -1794 at the battle of <em>Cateau</em>, where the French -commander, many officers and men, and thirty-five -pieces of cannon were captured;—its brilliant -charge at <em>Llerena</em>;—its victorious career on the -plains of <em>Salamanca</em> in 1812;—its spirited conduct -at Vittoria in 1813;—and at Toulouse in -1814;—the eminent qualities it displayed on these -and other occasions, as set forth in the public despatches -and national records, afford most honourable -proof that the <span class="smcap">Fifth Regiment of Dragoon -Guards</span> has never lost sight of the ancient motto -on its standards <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Vestigia nulla retrorsum</i>.</p> - -<p>The conduct of the regiment on home, as well as -on foreign service, has, on all occasions, been such -as to evince its usefulness, efficiency, and constant -readiness to support the honour and dignity of the -crown, and the prosperity of the country; thus -holding forth a bright example to stimulate to good -conduct the soldiers of the present and future -ages, under all the circumstances of service in -which the calls of their sovereign and country -may occasion them to be placed.</p> - - -<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> Charles Butler, second son of Thomas Earl of Ossory, and -grandson of James first Duke of Ormond, was created Earl of the -islands of Arran, in the county of Galway, in January, 1694. The -Earl of Arran, mentioned at <a href="#Page_7">page 7</a>, was the eldest son of William -Duke of Hamilton, and obtained his father's title in 1698.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> This officer's name is spelt Napper, instead of Napier, in the -lists of killed and wounded published at the time; but he is the -same officer who was appointed Colonel of the regiment by King -George I., on the 27th of May, 1717.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> "The Sunday following was appointed for a day of thanks-giving, -and after divine service the army drew out to fire a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">feu-de-joie</i> -for the victory. Marshal Tallard and the officers with him -were invited to ride out to see the army fire, which they did with -much persuasion. Our generals paid Tallard the compliment of -riding next the army, and ordered all the officers to salute him. -When the firing was over, the Duke of Marlborough asked Tallard -how he liked the army; he answered with a shrug, <em>Very well; -but they have had the honour of beating the best troops in the -world</em>. The Duke replied, <em>What will the world think of the -troops that beat them?</em>"—<em>Parker's Memoirs.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> The following very spirited description of the charge of the -Fifth Dragoon Guards, and Third and Fourth Dragoons, is copied -from Colonel Napier's admirable History of the Peninsular -War:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>"While Pakenham, bearing onward with a conquering violence, -was closing on their flank, and the fifth division advancing with -a storm of fire on their front, the interval between the two attacks -was suddenly filled with a whirling cloud of dust, which moving -swiftly forward carried within its womb the trampling sound of -a charging multitude. As it passed the left of the third division -Le Marchant's heavy horsemen, flanked by Anson's light -cavalry, broke forth from it at full speed, and the next instant -twelve hundred French infantry though formed in several lines -were trampled down with a terrible clamour and disturbance. -Bewildered and blinded, they cast away their arms and ran -through the openings of the British squadrons stooping and demanding -quarter, while the dragoons, big men and on big -horses, rode onward smiting with their long glittering swords in -uncontrollable power, and the third division followed at speed, -shouting as the French masses fell in succession before this -dreadful charge."</p> -<p> -"Nor were these valiant swordsmen yet exhausted. Their -own general, Le Marchant, and many officers had fallen, but -Cotton and all his staff were at their head, and with ranks confused, -and blended together in one mass, still galloping forward -they sustained from a fresh column an irregular stream of fire -which emptied a hundred saddles; yet with fine courage, and -downright force, the survivors broke through this the third and -strongest body of men that had encountered them, and Lord -Edward Somerset, continuing his course at the head of one squadron, -with a happy perseverance, captured five guns. The French -left was entirely broken, more than two thousand prisoners were -taken, the French light horsemen abandoned that part of the -field, and Thomiere's division no longer existed as a military -body. Anson's cavalry, which had passed quite over the hill, -and had suffered little in the charge, was now joined by -D'Urban's troopers, and took the place of Le Marchant's exhausted -men; the heavy German dragoons followed in reserve, -and with the third and fifth divisions and the guns formed one -formidable line two miles in advance of where Pakenham first -attacked, and that impetuous officer with unmitigated strength -still pressed forward spreading terror and disorder on the enemy's -left."</p></div> -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> The sixty-sixth French regiment of infantry of the line, was -one of the corps which was nearly annihilated, and the staff of the -drum-major of that regiment is preserved as a trophy by the -<span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span>, and carried on parades, &c., by the -trumpet-major.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> While at Boulogne the regiment was inspected by Major-General -Sir Henry Fane, who expressed much gratification at its -condition after so long a march, and selected a number of horses -to be given up to the French government, for the purpose of -mounting the royal guard of Louis XVIII.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> The Honourable William Ponsonby, (son of Lord Ponsonby,) -after holding the commissions of ensign in Captain Bulwer's -independent company, lieutenant in Captain Davis's independent -company, and captain in the eighty-third regiment, was appointed -major in the Loyal Irish Fencibles, in December, 1794: -in March, 1798 he was removed to the majority of the Fifth Dragoon -Guards, and he served with his regiment in Ireland during the rebellion, -which broke out in the following summer. On the 1st of January, -1800, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the -army; in February, 1803, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel, in -the Fifth Dragoon Guards; and on the 25th of July, 1810, he was -advanced to the brevet rank of colonel. He commanded the six -troops of the Fifth Dragoon Guards on foreign service in 1811, -and 1812, and while at the theatre of war he was so conspicuous -for a gallant and chivalrous spirit, with cheerful alacrity in moments -of peril and privation, united with a kind and benevolent -disposition, that he won the affection and esteem of those individuals -who had the happiness of becoming acquainted with him, -and he was the favourite of the troopers of his regiment. At the battle -of Salamanca he led the Fifth Dragoon Guards to the charge with -his characteristic zeal and gallantry; after the fall of Major-General -Le Marchant he was appointed to the command of the -heavy brigade, which he held until the end of the war; and no -officer better qualified for that important trust, or one who -possessed the confidence of the officers and men in a greater -degree, could have been found in the army. He was promoted -to the rank of major-general on the 4th of June, 1813; and was -afterwards chosen a knight commander of the honourable military -order of the Bath. On the recommencement of hostilities -in 1815, this distinguished officer was placed on the staff -of the army in Belgium, and appointed to the command of the -second cavalry brigade, consisting of the Royal, Scots Greys, and -Inniskilling dragoons, which corps he led to the charge of the -French infantry at the battle of Waterloo with that intrepidity for -which he had always been so eminently distinguished. Having cut -through the first column, he continued his career against fresh adversaries; -while passing through a newly-ploughed field, which was -so soft and miry from recent heavy rain that his charger sunk deeply -in the soil at every step and became exhausted, he was attacked -by a regiment of Polish lancers; being in front of his brigade, no -one was near him except one aide-de-camp, and at the moment -when his horse was unable to extricate itself, a body of lancers -approached him at full speed. His own death he knew was -inevitable; but supposing his aide-de-camp might escape, he drew -from his bosom the picture of his lady, and was in the act of -delivering it and his watch to his attendant, to be conveyed to his -wife and family, when the lancers came up, and they were both -speared on the spot. Thus fell the brave, the ingenuous Ponsonby, -whose death occasioned deep sorrow in the Fifth Dragoon Guards, -and the troopers expressed regret that they were not at Waterloo -to revenge the death of their former commander, who had led them -to battle and to victory. His death is thus alluded to by the Duke -of Wellington in his public despatch. "I have received a report -that Major-General Sir William Ponsonby is killed; and in -announcing this intelligence I have to add the expression of my -grief for the fate of an officer who had already rendered very -brilliant and important services, and was an ornament to his profession."</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> -</p> - -<p class="right"><em>Manchester, August 23d, 1820.</em></p> - -<p>Sir,<br /> - -<span class="pad3">Although</span> the Fifth Dragoon Guards were only placed at -Manchester as a temporary quarter, I should be wanting in what -is due from me to that distinguished corps, did I withhold from -you the expression of my admiration of it as a regiment, or from -the officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates, my unqualified -approbation of their conduct, and my satisfaction at the readiness -and good-will with which they performed all the duties required of -them whilst under my orders. I request you will do me the -honour to make known these my sentiments to them, with the -assurance that it will be ever gratifying to me to hear of their continued -welfare and prosperity.</p> - -<p class="right padr4">I have &c.</p> -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">James Lyon</span>, Major-General.</p> - -<p><em>Major Irwin, commanding Fifth Dragoon Guards.</em></p> -</div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span></p> - -<h2 class="large">SUCCESSION OF COLONELS</h2> - -<p class="p2 pfs70">OF THE</p> - -<p class="pfs120">FIFTH, OR PRINCESS CHARLOTTE OF WALES'S<br /><br /> -REGIMENT OF DRAGOON GUARDS.</p> - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Charles Earl of Shrewsbury</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 29th of July, 1685</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Charles Talbot</span> succeeded, when in the seventh year of -his age, to the title of <span class="smcap">Earl of Shrewsbury</span>, on the -decease of his father who died on the 16th of March, -1667, of a wound received in a duel with the Duke of -Buckingham. In 1681 he was appointed lord-lieutenant -of the county of Stafford; and having previously devoted -much time to the consideration of the doctrines of Christianity, -on the discovery of the Popish plot he abjured -the tenets of the church of Rome. He, however, continued -steadfast in his loyalty even to a Popish sovereign, -and on the breaking out of the rebellion of the Duke of -Monmouth in June, 1685, he raised a troop of horse for -the service of King James II, and in the following month -he was appointed colonel of the regiment which now bears -the title of <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span>. He soon afterwards -discovered that the arbitrary measures of the -court were directed to the subversion of the Protestant -religion, of which he was become a determined supporter; -and having resigned his commission and mortgaged his -estate for forty thousand pounds, he proceeded to Holland -and made an offer of his sword and purse to the -Prince of Orange, provided His Highness would attempt -to deliver England from the power of the papists. From -this period, until the revolution in 1688, his active mind -was engaged in the glorious and patriotic labour of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span> -devising plans for the good of his native country, and he -was one of the nobles in whom the Prince of Orange -placed the greatest confidence, and by whose advice he -was principally guided.</p> - -<p>When William and Mary were elevated to the throne, -the Earl of Shrewsbury was sworn of the Privy Council, -and appointed principal Secretary of State; and in April, -1694, he was elected a Knight of the Most Noble Order -of the Garter, and created Marquis of Alton and <span class="smcap">Duke -of Shrewsbury</span>. After devoting himself to the service -of his king and country in the important office of principal -Secretary of State, for a period of ten years, he sustained -a serious injury in the breast, from an unlucky fall of his -horse while hunting, which rendered him incapable of -attending so closely to business as his office required, and -he resigned the seals as Secretary of State, but was -shortly afterwards appointed Lord Chamberlain of the -Household. This office he resigned in 1700, in order to -proceed to a warmer climate, and he resided for a short -period at Montpellier in France. After the decease of -the King of Spain and the accession of the Duke of -Anjou to the throne of that kingdom, he quitted France -and proceeded to Geneva, and subsequently crossed the -Alps into Italy. After his return to England he was -reappointed by Queen Anne to the office of Lord Chamberlain, -and in 1712 he was appointed ambassador to the -French court to finish the negociations for peace. In -1713 he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; and -in the reign of George I. he was a member of the Privy -Council and Lord Chamberlain of the Household. He -was one of the most accomplished gentlemen of the age -in which he lived; was remarkably handsome in person, -had an admirable address, was just in his dealings, and -distinguished for gallantry among the ladies; but was -studious and reserved as a public character. He died at -Isleworth on the 1st of February, 1718.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Marmaduke Lord Langdale</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 22d January, 1687</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent">This nobleman was the son of Sir Marmaduke Langdale -of Holme, in Spaldingmore, Yorkshire, who, when the -rebellion broke out in the reign of Charles I., raised at -his own charge three companies of foot and a troop of -horse for the king's service, with which force he defeated -a party of Scots at Corbridge in Northumberland. -Having been appointed to the command of a body of -troops sent by the King from Oxford into Lincolnshire, -he defeated Colonel Rosseter; then marching against -Fairfax, put him to flight and relieved Pontefract Castle. -He subsequently took Berwick-upon-Tweed, and the -castle of Carlisle, but being involved in the defeat of the -Duke of Hamilton, he was taken prisoner at Preston. -Having escaped from confinement he fled to the continent, -and in February, 1658, he was elevated to the -peerage by the title of <span class="smcap">Baron Langdale</span> of Holme, in -Spaldingmore, Yorkshire.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Marmaduke</span>, second <span class="smcap">Lord Langdale</span>, imbibed from -his father strict principles of loyalty and attachment to -the crown, and being known to be a faithful adherent to -the house of Stuart, he was considered a suitable person -to be placed at the head of the Seventh Regiment of -Cuirassiers, now Fifth Dragoon Guards, at the critical -period when the proceedings of the court had alarmed -the nation, and commotions were expected to follow; but -he was soon afterwards relieved from that charge by an -officer of more experience in military affairs, and appointed -to the important trust of Governor of Hull. This -place he held in the interest of James II. at the Revolution -in 1688; but he was surprised and made prisoner -by Colonel Copeley, and a party of men who had taken -arms and declared for the Prince of Orange. His -lordship was not afterwards employed in any public -capacity; and he died in 1703.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Richard Hamilton</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 15th February, 1687</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Richard Hamilton</span> was many years in the service of -Louis XIV. of France, during the period that monarch -was permitted, by King Charles II., to employ an -English regiment of horse and one English and one -Scots brigade of foot in his service. While engaged in -the French wars he acquired the character of a gallant -and enterprising officer; and he quitted the service of -Louis XIV. when Charles II. demanded the return of his -subjects from France in 1678. On the breaking out of -Monmouth's rebellion he raised a troop of dragoons for -the service of King James II., and was afterwards appointed -colonel of one of the regiments of dragoons -embodied at that period. After the suppression of the -rebellion he was sent with his regiment to Ireland, and -being a Papist and an officer of experience, he assisted -Tyrconnel in remodelling the Irish army, by dismissing -the Protestants and replacing them with Papists. His -fame as an officer, and his zeal for his religion, occasioned -him to be placed at the head of the Seventh Regiment of -Cuirassiers; but the remodelling of the English army -was not completed when the Revolution took place, and -the Roman Catholic officers and soldiers were placed in -confinement. At this period Earl Tyrconnel had given -out new commissions for levying thirty thousand men in -Ireland, and reports were spread that a general massacre -of the Protestants would take place; Richard Hamilton, -though a Papist, was believed to be a man of honour, -and he was known to have great influence with Tyrconnel, -and also with the Irish Papists of all ranks, and -having promised either to induce the Lord Lieutenant to -resign the government, or to return and give an account -of the negotiation, he was released from confinement and -sent to Ireland; but on his arrival at Dublin he violated -his engagement, and persuaded Tyrconnel to hold Ireland<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span> -in the interest of King James. This breach of -trust was rewarded with the rank of lieutenant-general, -and an important post in the Irish army; but he did not -long enjoy his new honours,—having been wounded and -taken prisoner at the battle of the Boyne. Immediately -after he was made prisoner, he was brought into the -presence of King William, who put some questions to -him respecting the Irish army, which he answered in the -affirmative, and added the words <em>upon my honour</em>: the -King repeated the words <em>your honour!</em> and turned from -him, which was all the rebuke His Majesty gave him for -his faithless conduct. He remained a prisoner until the -termination of the war in Ireland, when he was exchanged -for Lord Mountjoy, and proceeding to France, he appears -to have passed the remainder of his life in that -country.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">John Coy</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 31st December, 1688</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent">This officer served a short time with the French army -in the reign of Louis XIV., and afterwards commanded -a troop in the Duke of Monmouth's regiment of horse, -which regiment was disbanded in 1678. In 1680 he -raised a troop of horse for service at Tangier in Africa; -this fortress being besieged by the forces of the Emperor of -Morocco, he proceeded to that country immediately, and -distinguished himself in action with the Moors. In 1683 -his troop of horse was constituted Royal Dragoons; with -which corps he continued to serve, and was engaged at -the battle of Sedgemoor in 1685. In 1686 he was appointed -Lieutenant-Colonel of Shrewsbury's Cuirassiers: -and at the Revolution in 1688 he was promoted to the -Colonelcy of the regiment; with which he served with -distinction in Ireland and Flanders. Having become -infirm from age and long service, he obtained the King's -permission to dispose of his commission, in 1697, to the -Earl of Arran; and from this period he led a retired life -until his decease.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Charles Earl of Arran</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 1st July, 1697</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent">This nobleman descended from the illustrious family of -Butler, so renowned in the past ages for the many valiant, -and loyal persons it has produced. He was the second -son of Thomas Butler Earl of Ossory, (a nobleman distinguished -for deeds of valour, loyalty to his sovereign, -and the mild and social virtues which rendered him an -ornament to society,) and grandson of the celebrated -James, <em>first</em> Duke of Ormond. Having served under -King William III. in Ireland and Flanders, where he -evinced the same martial spirit and private virtues which -had adorned his ancestors, he was elevated to the peerage -of Ireland in January, 1693, by the titles of Baron of -Cloghgrenan in the Queen's county, Viscount of Tullo in -the county of Cutherlough, and <span class="smcap">Earl of</span> the islands of -<span class="smcap">Arran</span> in the county of Galway; he was also, at the -same time, created an English peer by the title of Lord -Butler, of Weston, in the county of Huntingdon. On -the 16th of February, 1694, he was promoted to the -colonelcy of a newly raised regiment of horse (which -was disbanded at the peace of Ryswick), and in the -summer of 1697 he purchased the colonelcy of the -<span class="smcap">Sixth Horse</span>, now Fifth Dragoon Guards. In March, -1703, he was promoted to the colonelcy of the Third -Troop of Life Guards, which gave him the privilege of -taking the court duty of gold stick in waiting to Queen -Anne; in 1712 Her Majesty constituted him Master-General -of the Ordnance in Ireland; and in the following -year appointed him Governor of Dover Castle, and -Deputy Warden of the Cinque Ports. Soon after the -accession of King George I. his Lordship was elected -Chancellor of the University of Oxford. After the impeachment -of his brother, James, second Duke of Ormond, -for high treason, the Earl of Arran quitted the army. -In February, 1716, he was constituted Lord High<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span> -Steward of Westminster: and in 1721 he was permitted, -by an Act of Parliament, to purchase his brother's forfeited -estates. He died on the 17th of December, 1758, -at the advanced age of eighty-eight years.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">William Cadogan</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 2d March, 1703</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">William Cadogan</span> descended from a family of great -honour and antiquity in Wales; and having embraced -the profession of arms, he distinguished himself under -King William III. in Ireland and Flanders, and was -appointed major of the Inniskilling Dragoons. On the -breaking out of hostilities in 1701, his great merit and -abilities, which had become conspicuous in the preceding -war, occasioned him to be promoted to the rank of -colonel in the army, and appointed (1st June, 1701) -quartermaster-general of the troops sent to Holland. -He eminently distinguished himself under the great -Duke of Marlborough, whose confidence and esteem he -possessed in a high degree, and was promoted, in 1703, -from the Inniskilling Dragoons to the colonelcy of the -<span class="smcap">Sixth Horse</span>. Advancing with the army into Germany -he signalized himself at the battle of Schellenberg, on -the 2d of July, 1704, where he had several shots through -his clothes, and was wounded in the thigh. At the -battle of Blenheim he evinced that undaunted bravery -and greatness of soul with which he was signally endowed, -and was promoted immediately afterwards to the rank of -brigadier-general. In the following year he again signalized -himself at the forcing of the French lines, where -his regiment defeated the Bavarian Guards and took four -standards; and in the memorable battle of Ramilies, -fought on the 23d of May, 1706, he acquired new honour, -and was despatched shortly after the action with a body -of troops to summon Antwerp, which fortress surrendered -to him in a few days. On the 16th of August he commanded -a body of troops employed in covering a foraging<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span> -party near Tournay, and advancing with his characteristic -boldness too near the town, he was surprised by a -party of the enemy and made prisoner; he was, however, -released on his parole three days afterwards, and was -subsequently exchanged for Baron Palavicini. In January, -1707, he was promoted to the rank of major-general, -and he was afterwards appointed minister plenipotentiary -to the government of the Spanish Netherlands, -in which employment he evinced the most admirable -dexterity in business, and a peculiar aptitude in conducting -negotiations. He commanded the van of the -army in the movements which preceded and led to the -battle of Oudenarde in 1708, and on this occasion his -peculiar merits again shone forth; also in the part which -he took in covering the siege of Lisle, in the action at -Wynendale, and in forcing the passage of the Scheldt; -and on the 1st of January, 1709, he was promoted to the -rank of lieutenant-general. On the day preceding the -battle of Malplaquet he was sent to confer with the -French commander, and when near the enemy's position -he indicated to a colonel of artillery, by dropping his -glove, the spot where a battery was to be placed on the -following morning, which proved of great importance. -During the siege of Mons he went voluntarily into the -trenches to encourage the soldiers in the attack of a -ravelin, when his aide-de-camp was killed at his side, and -he was dangerously wounded in the neck. Every additional -campaign added new lustre to his rising reputation, -and in that sublime display of military talent by which -the French lines were forced in the summer of 1711, and -Bouchain captured, he performed a distinguished part, -as detailed in the Historical Record of the Fifth Dragoon -Guards. When political events occasioned the removal -of the Duke of Marlborough from all his appointments -dependent on the crown, Lieutenant-General Cadogan, -who had shared with this illustrious commander in his -toils, dangers, and triumphs, and who, like him, was -stedfast in his devotion to the Protestant interest, and to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span> -the succession of the house of Hanover, was removed from -his appointments of quartermaster-general and governor of -the Tower, and called upon to dispose of his regiment for -three thousand pounds to General Kellum. He was soon -afterwards gratified by witnessing the accession of King -George I., by whom he was appointed Colonel of the -Second Foot Guards, Master of the Robes, and envoy extraordinary -and plenipotentiary to the States General of -Holland, in which capacity he conducted negotiations of -great importance, and displayed those gifts of nature with -which his mind was adorned; and while thus employed he -was appointed Governor of the Isle of Wight. On the breaking -out of the rebellion of the Earl of Mar, he changed the -labours of the cabinet for those of the field, and in the -depth of winter, in the midst of the most piercing frosts and -snow, he evinced unshaken perseverance in extinguishing -the flame of rebellion in Scotland, and was made a Knight -of the most ancient order of the Thistle. On the 30th -of June, 1716, he was elevated to the peerage by the title -of <span class="smcap">Lord Cadogan</span>, Baron of Reading. In the autumn -of the same year he was again sent as plenipotentiary to -the States of Holland; on his return in 1717 he was -sworn of the Privy Council, and afterwards promoted to -the rank of general; and in May, 1718, he was created -Baron of Oakley, Viscount of Caversham, and <span class="smcap">Earl -Cadogan</span>. He was subsequently employed in negotiations -of an important character with the house of -Austria, Court of Spain, and States of Holland; and on -the decease of the Duke of Marlborough in 1722, he was -appointed General Commanding-in-Chief of the army. -This distinguished nobleman died on the 17th of July, -1726, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">George Kellum</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 22d December, 1712</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">George Kellum</span> obtained the commission of cornet in -the Earl of Shrewsbury's regiment of horse, now Fifth -Dragoon Guards, when that corps was embodied in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span> -1685, and he served in Ireland and the Netherlands, -under King William III. Having been promoted to the -lieutenant-colonelcy, he commanded the regiment in the -wars of Queen Anne, and was promoted to the rank of -colonel in the army in 1703. In the following year he -distinguished himself at the battle of Schellenberg, and -led the regiment to the charge with signal gallantry at -the glorious battle of Blenheim. At the forcing of the -French lines in 1705, he acquired additional laurels; and -at the memorable battle of Ramilies, the squadrons -under his orders were again victorious. In 1707 he was -promoted to the rank of brigadier-general; in 1708 he -commanded a brigade at the battle of Oudenarde; and -in 1709 at that of Malplaquet; in 1710 he was promoted -to the rank of major-general; and in 1712 to that -of lieutenant-general; and in the same year he purchased -the colonelcy of the regiment in which he had served so -many years: he was, however, removed in 1717, and -died on the 27th of December, 1732.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Robert Napier</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 27th May, 1717</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent">This officer was appointed cornet in the <span class="smcap">Sixth Horse</span>, -now <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span>, in January, 1692, and -served with the regiment in the Netherlands until the -peace of Ryswick. In 1702 he was promoted to the majority, -and while serving with his regiment in Germany -he was severely wounded at the battle of Schellenberg. -In 1705 he was with his regiment at the forcing of the -French lines, and in 1706 he was at Ramilies, and was -promoted to the rank of colonel in the army a few days -after the battle. He continued to serve at the theatre of -war; was appointed brigadier-general in 1711; and -obtained the colonelcy of the regiment in 1717. He -was promoted to the rank of major-general in 1727; and -to that of lieutenant-general in 1735: and died on the -10th of November, 1739.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Clement Neville</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 6th May, 1740</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Clement Neville</span> entered the army at the Revolution; -his first commission being dated the 6th of December, -1688, and after serving with distinction in the wars of -King William and Queen Anne, he was promoted to the -rank of colonel in the army at the close of the campaign -of 1711. On the 9th of April, 1720, King George I. -conferred on him the colonelcy of the Fourteenth Dragoons, -from which he was removed in 1737 to the Eighth -Dragoons, and in 1739 he was promoted to the rank of -major-general. The colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Sixth Horse</span> was -conferred on this veteran in the following year; he was -promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general in 1743; and -he died in August, 1744.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Richard Viscount Cobham</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 5th August, 1744</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Sir Richard Temple</span> served under King William in the -Netherlands, and on the breaking out of the war of the -Spanish succession, he was promoted to the colonelcy of -a newly-raised regiment of foot, which was disbanded at -the peace of Utrecht. He served under the great Duke -of Marlborough, and was conspicuous for a noble bearing, -a greatness of soul, and a contempt of danger, which he -exhibited in a signal manner at the sieges of Venloo and -Ruremonde, at the battle of Oudenarde, and at the siege -of the important fortress of Lisle. In January, 1709, -he was promoted to the rank of major-general, and his -conduct at the siege of Tournay, the sanguinary battle of -Malplaquet, and siege of Mons, was rewarded, in the -following year, with the rank of lieutenant-general and -the colonelcy of the Fourth Dragoons. He served under -the Duke of Marlborough in 1711, and had the honour -of taking part in the forcing of the French lines at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span> -Arleux, and the capture of the strong fortress of Bouchain. -After the change in the ministry and the adoption of a -new system of policy by the court, the well-known attachment -of this officer to the Protestant succession, occasioned -him to be removed from his regiment; but on the -accession of King George I. he was elevated to the peerage -by the title of <span class="smcap">Baron of Cobham</span>, and in 1715 he -was appointed Colonel of the Royal Dragoons. In 1717 -he was appointed Governor of Windsor Castle; in 1718 -he was advanced to the dignity of <span class="smcap">Viscount Cobham</span>; -and in 1721 he was removed to the King's Horse, now -First Dragoon Guards. He was also one of the Privy -Council, and Governor of the island of Jersey; but -resigned his appointments in 1733. On the change of -the ministry in 1742 he was promoted to the rank of -field-marshal, and in December of the same year King -George II. conferred upon him the colonelcy of the First -troop of Horse Grenadier Guards. In 1744 he was -removed to the <span class="smcap">Sixth Horse</span>, and in 1745 to the Tenth -Dragoons, the colonelcy of which corps he retained until -his decease in 1749.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Thomas Wentworth</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 20th June, 1745</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Thomas Wentworth</span> was appointed to a commission -in the army on the 10th of March, 1704, and served -several campaigns in the wars of Queen Anne. In December, -1722, he was promoted to the rank of colonel in -the army, and in 1732 he was appointed colonel of the -Thirty-ninth Foot, from which he was removed in June, -1737, to the Twenty-fourth Foot. Two years afterwards -he was appointed brigadier-general; in 1741 he was -promoted to the rank of major-general; and in 1745 he -was appointed to the colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Sixth Horse</span>, which -corps became the <span class="smcap">Second Irish Horse</span> in the following -year. He served the crown in a diplomatic as well as a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span> -military capacity, and died at the court of Turin in -November, 1747.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Thomas Bligh</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 22d December, 1747</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent">This officer entered the army in the reign of King -George I.; rose to the rank of Lieutenant-colonel of the -<span class="smcap">Sixth Horse</span>, and in December, 1740 he was appointed -Colonel of the Twentieth Regiment of Foot. On the -27th of May, 1745, he was promoted to the rank of -brigadier-general; was removed to the Twelfth Dragoons -in the following year, and promoted to the rank of -major-general in 1747. He was removed to the colonelcy -of the <span class="smcap">Second Irish Horse</span> in December of the -same year; and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general -in 1754.</p> - -<p>War having commenced between Great Britain and -France in 1756, Lieutenant-General Bligh was appointed, -in the summer of 1758, to the command of an expedition -designed to make a descent on the coast of France, with -the view of causing a diversion in favour of the army -commanded by Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick in Germany. -The fleet sailed in the beginning of August, and -in seven days arrived in Cherbourg roads. The troops -were landed, the town of Cherbourg was captured, the -harbour, pier, and forts were destroyed, and the brass -ordnance brought away as trophies of this success. In -September a landing was effected on the coast of Brittany -with the view of besieging St. Maloes; but this being -found impracticable, the troops, after marching a short -distance up the country, retired and re-embarked at the -bay of St. Cas. The enemy advanced in great numbers -under the command of the Duke of Aguillon, and attacking -the rear of the British army, occasioned great loss. -Lieutenant-General Bligh was much censured for his -conduct on this occasion, and soon after the return of the -expedition, he retired from the service.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Hon. John Waldegrave</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 23d October, 1758</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent">The <span class="smcap">Hon. John Waldegrave</span> obtained a commission -in the First Foot Guards in 1737; in July 1743, he was -appointed captain-lieutenant in the Third Foot Guards; -in September following he obtained the command of a -company, and in 1748 he was promoted to the commission -of major in the same corps. On the 26th of -June 1751, he was promoted to the colonelcy of the -Ninth Foot; he was removed to the Eighth Dragoons in -1755; and to the <span class="smcap">Second Irish Horse</span> in 1758. -Having been promoted to the rank of major-general, he -proceeded to Germany, and commanded the brigade of -infantry which so highly distinguished itself in 1759, at -the battle of Minden, where his gallantry and extraordinary -presence of mind at a critical moment decided the -fate of the day. In September of the same year he was -removed to the Second Dragoon Guards, and continuing -to serve in Germany during the remainder of the seven -years' war, gave signal proofs of ability and valour in -numerous actions with the enemy, and was equally conspicuous -for kindness of heart and regard for the soldiers -who served under his orders. In 1763, he succeeded to -the title of <span class="smcap">Earl Waldegrave</span>; he was afterwards -advanced to the rank of general, and in 1773, he obtained -the colonelcy of the Second Foot Guards, which -he retained until his decease in October 1784.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Hon. John Fitz-William</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 27th November 1760</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent">The <span class="smcap">Hon. John Fitz-William</span> obtained a commission -of captain and lieutenant-colonel in the First Foot -Guards, in 1745; was promoted to the colonelcy of the -Second or Queen's Royal Regiment of Foot in 1755; -and in June, 1759, he obtained the rank of major-general<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span> -in the army. In the following year he was removed to -the colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Second Irish Horse</span>; was promoted -to the rank of lieutenant-general in 1761; to -that of general in 1783; and died in 1789.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">John Douglas</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 27th August, 1789</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">John Douglas</span> was many years an officer in the Second -Dragoons (Scots Greys), with which corps he served at -the battle of Fontenoy in 1745. He was promoted to -the rank of captain in 1755; proceeded with the regiment -to Germany in 1758, and was appointed major in -the following spring. He served four campaigns under -Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick in Germany, and was at -numerous battles and skirmishes. In 1770, he was promoted -to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the Scots Greys; he -was advanced to the rank of colonel in the army in 1775, -and to that of major-general in February 1779. In -April of the same year he was appointed Colonel of the -Twenty-first Light Dragoons,—then first embodied and -formed of the light troops belonging to certain dragoon -regiments. At the termination of the American war in -1783, his regiment was disbanded; and in April 1787, -he was appointed Colonel of the Fourteenth Foot: he -was also promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general in -the same year. In 1789, he was appointed to the -colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon Guards</span>, which he retained -until his decease, on the 10th of November 1790.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Thomas Bland</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 18th November, 1790</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent">This officer obtained a cornetcy in the Seventh -Dragoons on the 30th of March, 1754, and continued in -that regiment upwards of thirty-six years. He served -three campaigns in Germany under the Duke of Brunswick;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span> -was appointed major of the regiment in 1765, -and lieutenant-colonel in 1771. In 1782, he was promoted -to the rank of major-general, and in 1790 he was -appointed from the lieutenant-colonelcy of the Seventh -Dragoons to the colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Fifth Dragoon -Guards</span>. In 1796, he was promoted to the rank of -lieutenant-general, and to that of general in 1781. He -died on the 14th of October, 1816.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg</span>,</p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 18th October, 1816</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent">This illustrious Prince, whose military services have -become connected with the <span class="smcap">Record</span> of the <span class="smcap">Fifth -Dragoon Guards</span>, by his appointment to the colonelcy -of the regiment, entered the army of the Emperor -Alexander of Russia in 1803, and rose to the rank of -major-general; but in 1810, Bonaparte demanded that -His Royal Highness should quit the Russian service, and -the Prince was induced to acquiesce, in order to conciliate -Napoleon, and to preserve the possessions of the house -of Coburg from being seized on by the French. Prince -Leopold was subsequently employed in negotiating an -arrangement respecting the principality of Coburg, with -the crown of Bavaria, in which he displayed superior -diplomatic talents. At the commencement of 1813, he -exerted himself, as far as his situation permitted, at that -critical and momentous period, to prepare the emancipation -of Germany, and in February he proceeded to -Poland, to the Emperor of Russia, by whom he was -cordially received, and a command in the Russian army -was given to His Royal Highness. He was at the battle -of Lutzen on the 2d of May; was subsequently sent by -forced marches towards the Elbe, to support the Prussian -General Kleist; but the Prince's destination was afterwards -changed, and on the 19th of May he marched to -support General Barclay de Tolly: His Royal Highness<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span> -was, however, recalled, to take part in the battle of -Bautzen, on the 20th and 21st of the same month; and -after supporting the line at various points, he covered -the retreat on the evening of the second day, with the -cavalry under his orders, amidst the hottest fire.</p> - -<p>On the 26th of August His Royal Highness was detached -to support the corps under Prince Eugene of -Wirtemberg, posted near the fortress of Königstein; and -Prince Leopold maintained, with his cavalry, a precarious -position for five hours, against the repeated attacks of a -force treble his own numbers, by which he defeated the -designs of the enemy, and preserved Prince Eugene's -troops from destruction. On the following day the corps -took post beyond Pirna, which place the enemy took by -storm, and endeavoured to extend with his cavalry upon -the level ground near the Elbe; but was driven back by -the troops under Prince Leopold. The main army, -however, retired towards Bohemia, by which the retreat -of the corps near Pirna was rendered difficult, and the -abilities of His Royal Highness were particularly conspicuous -in the masterly dispositions and skilful movements -of the cavalry under his orders, in facilitating and -covering the retrogade movement of the corps. A sharp -action occurred in the village of Peterswalde on the 29th -of August, when His Royal Highness signalized himself; -several other actions occurred on the same day in -the mountains, and towards the evening, the Prince -repulsed the attack of a superior force near the village of -Prisen, with signal bravery and astonishing success; and -on the following morning he received from the Emperor -Alexander the Cross of the military order of St. -George. The action was renewed on the 30th of -August, and the allied army having been concentrated, -the French were defeated with considerable loss. Prince -Leopold had a distinguished share in the engagement, -and he pursued the retiring enemy to the village of -Peterswalde: the brilliant conduct of His Royal Highness<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span> -between the 26th and 30th of August, was rewarded by -the Emperor of Austria with the military order of -Maria Theresa.</p> - -<p>Prince Leopold had a distinguished post at the battle -of Leipzig, and, with the cavalry under his orders, contributed -materially to the decisive termination of that -gigantic contest. His Royal Highness was actively employed -in the beginning of 1814; was at the battle of -Brienne, and in the pursuit of the defeated army on the -2d of February, and in several minor affairs. On the -25th of March the Prince was in the action with the -French at La Fere Champenoise, when, attacking the -enemy's right flank at Caunentrai, he carried the position, -captured five pieces of cannon, and, when attacked in -turn, he repulsed the enemy, and maintained his ground -with signal intrepidity. The battle of Paris concluded -the campaign, and on the 31st of March, the Prince -entered that city with the cavalry of the reserve, and -remained there in garrison. These important events -were succeeded by the abdication of Napoleon, and, when -the Congress assembled at Vienna, Prince Leopold of -Saxe-Coburg conducted the business relating to his own -country.</p> - -<p>On the return of Bonaparte to France, in 1815, Prince -Leopold proceeded to the grand army on the Rhine, and -soon afterwards reached Paris. On the termination of -the war he visited England; became a suitor to Her -Royal Highness the Princess Charlotte of Wales, and, -having obtained the consent of the Prince Regent, the -nuptials between Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, and -the presumptive heiress to the British throne, were -eventually solemnized.</p> - -<p>On the 2d of May, 1816, Prince Leopold obtained -the rank of general in the British service, and on the -24th of the same month he was promoted to the rank -of field-marshal. The colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Fifth, or -Princess Charlotte of Wales' Regiment of Dragoon<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span> -Guards</span> was conferred upon Prince Leopold in October -of the same year, and he presented to the officers' mess -a handsome service of plate. His Royal Highness was -also honoured with the Order of the Garter, and the -Order of the Bath; but in the midst of these accumulated -distinctions he sustained the loss of his amiable consort, -whose decease on the 6th November, 1817, occasioned the -most sincere grief throughout the kingdom, and Prince -Leopold was for some time inconsolable.</p> - -<p>The events which transpired in the Netherlands in -1830, having led to the separation of several provinces -from Holland, and to the formation of an independent -state, called Belgium, Prince Leopold was invited to -accept of the sovereignty of that kingdom in 1831, and -His Royal Highness acquiesced. Thus the <span class="smcap">Fifth -Dragoon Guards</span> had the gratification of witnessing -the elevation of their colonel to a throne.</p> - -<p>On resigning the colonelcy His Royal Highness was -pleased to cause the following farewell address to be sent -to the regiment:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p class="right fs80">"<em>Claremont, 14th July, 1831.</em></p> - -<p>"The Prince Leopold is desirous on quitting England, -to communicate to his regiment, that the circumstances -which call him to another country have made it necessary -for him to relinquish the command of the corps; -and he has reserved it, as one of his last and most -painful duties, to bid them farewell. It would have -been His Royal Highness's wish on this occasion, to -have expressed personally to the regiment his regret in -leaving them, and the sincere wishes he shall always -entertain for their happiness and welfare; but their -distant quarter, and the hurry which unavoidably -attends his departure, render such a desire impracticable.</p> - -<p>"In taking leave of the regiment, which it has been<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span> -his happiness for so many years to command, many -subjects press on His Royal Highness's attention that -he would be anxious publicly to advert to; some of these -bear paramount claim to his thankfulness and recollection; -and it is such that he is chiefly solicitous to -notice and record, on this last occasion of his addressing -them:—he alludes particularly to the uniform maintenance -of discipline, efficiency, and high character, which -have marked the corps as one of the most distinguished -in the service, throughout the long period he has known -them;—this has been conspicuous, whether considered -with respect to their efficiency in equipment,—their -discipline and conduct in quarters,—or their movements -and perfection in the field,—in every point, these have -been eminently and invariably supported, and have -established a name to the regiment, that, as it should -be the first ambition, so it is among the highest rewards, -a soldier can know. To Lieutenant-Colonel -Wallace, whose zeal and knowledge of the service have -guided and perfected this state of discipline;—to the -officers, who have ably and successfully devoted their -efforts to uphold it;—to the non-commissioned officers -and privates, who have maintained the discipline marked -out to them, and, sharing the feelings of their officers in -the character of the regiment, have by their conduct -assisted to uphold it;—to one and all,—individually -and collectively,—His Royal Highness returns his -most hearty thanks, with his unqualified approbation of -their conduct, under every view of discipline or exigency -of service:—to such officers and to such men, it is unnecessary -to say anything that can urge or stimulate -their future zeal; His Royal Highness feels assured, -that their Sovereign's approbation will ever remain -their first aim, while <em>the name of the regiment</em>, deeply -honoured by them and cherished in their hearts, will -never cease to influence them in attaining that high<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span> -distinction. His Royal Highness has always felt pride -in being one of their number, and he can never cease -to feel the truest interest in whatever can affect their -name as a corps, or their welfare and happiness as -individuals; and with his heartfelt wishes for the uninterrupted -prosperity and perfection of both, he reluctantly -bids them, Farewell.</p> - -<p class="right">(Signed) <span class="pad3">"<span class="smcap">Robert Gardiner</span></span>.</p> - -<p class="fs80">"<em>To Lieutenant-Colonel Wallace,<br /> -"Commanding Fifth Dragoon Guards.</em>"</p></div> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Sir John Slade, Bart., G. C. H.</span></p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 20th July, 1831</em>.</p> - - -<p class="p6 pfs90">THE END.</p> - - -<hr class="chap pg-brk" /> - -<p class="p6 pfs90"><span class="smcap">London</span>:<br /> -Printed by <span class="smcap">W. Clowes</span> and <span class="smcap">Sons</span>,<br /> -Duke-street, Stamford-street.</p> -<p class="p6" /> - - -<hr class="chap pg-brk" /> - -<div class="transnote"> -<a name="TN" id="TN"></a> -<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE</strong></p> - -<p>Some pages at the front of the book have identical numbering, pages i to viii and -then i to vi. This has not been changed.</p> - -<p>Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been -corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within -the text and consultation of external sources.</p> - -<p>Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, -and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. For example, -head quarters, head-quarters; cap à pié, cap-à-pié; negociations.</p> - -<p> -<a href="#Page_vi_2">Pg vi</a>, 'Sir John Slade ... 98' replaced by 'Sir John Slade ... 99'.<br /> -<a href="#Page_67">Pg 67</a>, 'was discocovered in' replaced by 'was discovered in'. -</p> -</div> - - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Historical Record of The Fifth or -Princess Charlotte of Wales's Regimen, by Richard Cannon - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD--5TH WALES REGIMENT *** - -***** This file should be named 54607-h.htm or 54607-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/4/6/0/54607/ - -Produced by Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -book was produced from images made available by the -HathiTrust Digital Library.) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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