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diff --git a/old/54217-0.txt b/old/54217-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 6388bcb..0000000 --- a/old/54217-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5699 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Farmer's Own Book, by J. D. Koogle - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Farmer's Own Book - A treatise on the numerous diseases of the horse - -Author: J. D. Koogle - -Release Date: February 21, 2017 [EBook #54217] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FARMER'S OWN BOOK *** - - - - -Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - -Transcriber’s note: Printing errors have been amended but the author’s -idiosyncratic style and spelling have not. - - - - - - THE - FARMER’S OWN BOOK: - - A TREATISE ON THE - Numerous Diseases of the Horse, - WITH AN - EXPLANATION OF THEIR SYMPTOMS, - AND THE - COURSE OF TREATMENT TO BE PURSUED; - ALSO A TREATISE ON THE DISEASE - OF - HORNED CATTLE. - - PUBLISHED BY - J. D. KOOGLE, - Middletown, Maryland. - 1858. - - ENTERED according to the Act of Congress in the year 1857, - BY J. D. KOOGLE, - In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of Maryland. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The object of this work is to give a thorough explanation of the numerous -diseases to which the horse is subject, and point out in a clear and -distinct manner the symptoms by which the diseases may be known, so -that the Farmer and others having the care of horses may be enabled to -detect any disease in its first stages,--thereby rendering it an easy -case to cure; also, giving a regular course of medicine to be pursued in -the treatment of the different diseases, by which almost any one, with -a little study, can treat the most difficult cases. The great objection -to other works that have been issued is that they do not point out the -symptoms of the diseases in horses; and their treatment is so badly -arranged that it is very difficult for the Farmer and persons generally -to understand it. The advantages this work possesses over others, is -its plainness in pointing out the difficulties attending the treatment -of diseases in horses and the manner in which they may be surmounted. -And it is hoped that those interested will give this book their careful -attention, as the author is satisfied that it will save them a vast -amount of time and trouble in times of need. - - THE AUTHOR. - - - - -[Illustration] - - - - -DISEASES OF HORSES. - - -The diseases of the horse are very numerous, and many of them so -complicated as to defy detection, except by those who are thoroughly -acquainted with the nature of the animal, and his mode of living. This is -the reason that horses which have been under the care of the farrier are -often returned to the owner in a worse condition than when they received -them. It is to prevent this practice as much as possible that has induced -me to bring this work before the public, in the hope of alleviating the -condition of that noble animal--_the Horse_. - -[Illustration] - - -THE POLL EVIL. - -This disease may arise from accident, but is commonly the result of blows -or bruises carelessly inflicted by those having charge of the horses. It -is a tumor or swelling in the sinews, found between the noll bone and the -uppermost joint of the neck, immediately on the nap of the neck. - -Nearly all farriers, tell you to sell your horse for anything he will -bring, or give him away; but I would advise you to keep your horse -and cure him, which can be done quickly and surely with the following -remedies: - - -REMEDY NO. 1. - -First wash the sore well with strong warm soap suds, then drop 8 or 10 -drops of muriatic acid in it twice a day, until it has the appearance -of a fresh wound, after which it should be washed clean with soap suds -from castile soap and then left to heal, which it will quickly do if the -acid has been used long enough in a proper manner; but if it does not get -well, wash as before, and apply the acid until a cure is effected. It is -a sure remedy, and will not fail if applied properly until the disease is -burnt out or killed. - -In case you should drop any of the acid on the part that is not affected, -apply a little oil, which will neutralize the power of the acid and -prevent it from becoming sore. - - -REMEDY NO. 2. - -When the disease first makes its appearance, take a quantity of asmart -and put it to soak, letting it remain all night. In the morning take -as much as you can hold in your hand and apply it to the swollen part, -holding it there some 20 or 30 minutes, pressing on it as hard as you -conveniently can, which must be repeated several times. This remedy -generally scatters the disease, but if it should fail you will be obliged -to use applications of a more astringent nature. - - -REMEDY NO. 3. - -After the disease has fully shown itself, wash as directed in Remedy -No. 1; then take Arsenic and apply it until the foul flesh has all -disappeared, and let it heal. This is a certain remedy, and has cured -several cases within my own knowledge. - - -REMEDY NO. 4. - -Take 1 quart of strong ley and boil it into a salve, then apply a portion -of the salve every 2 hours until the core comes out, and heal with elder -ointment. If this remedy does not effect a cure on the first application, -try it again, as it is a certain cure. Should the ley after being boiled -down leave a hard substance, it must be worked into a salve. - - -REMEDY NO. 5. - -First wash the ulcer well with warm soap suds; then take air-slacked lime -and put as much into the sore as will lay on, which must be repeated 2 or -3 times a day, and the affected part cleaned and swabbed out as often. -This, though very simple, is an excellent remedy, which I have never -known to fail. - - * * * * * - -The foregoing remedies are very plain and simple, and cannot fail if -properly applied. In washing the ulcers, use none other than castile -soap, which is far superior to any other for cleansing and healing wounds -and eruptions of any kind, and can be had from any of the drug stores -at 25 cents per pound. It is also an excellent article for domestic -purposes, such as shaving, &c. and will be found cheaper than any other -fine or toilet soaps. - - -FLATULENT OR WIND COLIC. - -This is an entirely different disease from the Spasmodic Colic. It often -originates with something that the horse has eaten and then drinking -large quantities of water, by which the food becomes fermented and -creates a gastric gas, which enlarges to a greater or less extent, -sometimes to twenty or thirty times the bulk of the food. It generally -takes place in the stomach, but at times in the small or large intestines. - - -SYMPTOMS. - -The horse suddenly slacks his pace, perhaps lays or falls down as if he -were shot. In the stable he paws the floor with his fore feet, lays down -and rolls, starts up instantly and throws himself down again with greater -violence, looks wistfully at his flanks, and makes many fruitless efforts -to void his urine. Here the symptoms are similar to other colics, but the -true character of the disease soon develops itself.--It is in one of -the large intestines, and the belly swells all round, but mostly on the -right flanks and as the disease progresses the pain becomes more intense, -and the horse more violent. The treatment is quite different from other -colics. - - -REMEDY NO. 1. - -Take 1 ounce of the chlorate of lime and ½ pint of warm water, put it -into a bottle and shake well, so as to dissolve, then give it as a -drench which will devour the gas, and cause the swelling to subside. If -in fifteen minutes after this has been given, the pain does not seem to -have been alleviated, take 4 ounces of spirits of Pimento, and 1 ounce -of Laudanum, mix it with ½ pint of warm water and give it also as a -drench. If you have no pimento and it is not convenient to get it, take -2½ ounces of peppermint, and 1 ounce of laudanum, and should you not have -laudanum, take a larger quantity of peppermint with ½ pint of warm water, -and give it as a drench. In this disease no time should be lost, as it -very often runs its course in from 1 to 2 hours. If the first should not -give relief in 15 or 20 minutes, repeat it until it does. Rubbing the -belly with a smooth rail or pole will greatly facilitate the action of -the medicine. Should you not have any of the above remedies on hand or -convenient, use from 1 to 2 ounces of golden tincture as the case may -require. - - -REMEDY NO. 2. - -In the first place take 2 ounces of the essence of peppermint, mixed with -½ pint of warm water and give it to him as a drench, then take a bat of -common raw cotton and set fire to it, holding it close to the nostrils -of the horse, so that he can freely inhale the smoke arising therefrom; -continue this until you see that the horse is relieved. The quantity of -cotton used is from 4 to 5 bats, as the necessity of the case may require. - -This is a simple and safe remedy, and numbers who have tried it say that -they have never known it to fail. I saw a horse that had suffered from -the colic for nearly three hours, being puffed up almost to bursting, and -in half an hour after this operation had been performed on him, he was -completely cured. - - -SPASMODIC COLIC. - -This is a disease to which horses generally are subject, and in -consequence of improper treatment, it often proves fatal. It is produced -by improper riding, feeding, watering, and may arise from a want of -proper action in the bowels, which occasions constriction of the -intestines and a confinement of the air. - - -SYMPTOMS. - -The horse begins to shift his position, looks around at his flanks, paws -violently, strikes his belly with his feet, and crouches in a peculiar -manner, advancing his hind legs under him, he then suddenly lies or -rather falls down, and balances himself on his back with his feet resting -on his belly. The pain seems to have ceased for a while, and he gets -up and shakes himself; he begins to feed, but in a short time the pain -returns, and is more violent than before; he heaves at the flanks, breaks -out in a profused perspiration, and throws himself more recklessly. -The pulse is little affected in the commencement, but as the disease -progresses, it becomes full. Legs and ears of a natural temperature. The -affection of the strength scarcely perceivable. - - -REMEDY. - -Relief may be obtained from motion in this disease. Take - - 1 ounce of turpentine, - 1 ounce of laudanum, - ½ pint of gin or good whiskey, - ½ pint of warm water. - -Mix and give it as a drench. Bleed, and if not relieved in half an -hour, repeat the dose, rubbing the belly with a stout brush or a smooth -rail. If not relieved in 15 or 20 minutes, repeat the dose and continue -it until relief is obtained. If the horse be walked about or trotted -moderately, it will relieve the spasms. A glyster with warm soap suds -should be injected, which may be done by burning the peth out of elder, -and filling a bladder with the suds, then tie the bladder on the elder -tight and force it into the fundament, occasionally throwing the warm -suds in until it operates; if a reasonable portion of it remains, it will -do no harm if it does not operate, but will help to relieve the spasms. -This should be done immediately, as in most cases no time is to be lost. -A glyster of tobacco smoke may be thrown in as a last resort. Keep the -horse in a warm stable and give bran mash and plenty of warm or thin -gruel for two or three days. - -The turpentine, laudanum, gin and warm water were never known to fail if -given at the proper time. Should you not have these medicines at hand, -give 2½ or 3 ounces of peppermint every 15 or 20 minutes until the horse -is relieved; or if you have no peppermint, give same quantity of golden -tincture. - -The gruel for feeding is made by putting any quantity of bran into -a bucket or tub, then pour boiling water over it, so as to scald it -thoroughly, and cover it with a cloth until it is cool enough for him to -eat. - - -INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER. - -In this disease and inflammation of the kidneys, the symptoms are -nearly similar; therefore, in order to ascertain whether the disease -is inflammation of the bladder or inflammation of the kidneys, it is -necessary to introduce the hand into the rectum, where you will find -the bladder immediately under the hand, if it feels hard and full, -accompanied by more than natural heat and tenderness, it is a sure case -of inflammation of the bladder, but if the bladder is empty and no -increased heat is apparent, then it must be a case of inflammation of the -kidneys. - -In treating these two diseases--though the symptoms are so much alike--be -very careful to observe that the course of treatment recommended in each -is entirely different, and should you give the medicine prescribed for -inflammation of the bladder for that of the kidneys, it will greatly -endanger the life of the horse. - - -SYMPTOMS. - -The early symptoms in this disease are generally those of fever, but the -seat of the disease soon becomes apparent. The horse occasionally looks -round at his flanks, stands with his hind legs wide apart, is unwilling -to lie down, straddles as he walks, evinces great pain in turning, -shrinks when his loins are pressed; the loins feel hot, the urine is -voided in small quantities, which is often highly colored and sometimes -bloody; he tries to urinate very often and strains painfully, but the -discharge is nearly or quite suppressed; the pulse is quick, hard and -full at first, but rapidly becomes small, indicating a disease of the -urinary organs, yet not distinguishing inflammation of the bladder from -inflammation of the kidneys. - - -TREATMENT--REMEDY. - -When you feel satisfied that it is a case of inflammation of the -bladder, blister the loins with the blister ointment and give 1 ounce of -turpentine with 1 ounce of laudanum. - - -INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS. - -The symptoms of this disease are similar to those of inflammation of the -bladder, but are to be treated in quite a different manner. Inflammation -of the kidneys is brought on by over-riding, heavy loads, improper -feeding, and sometimes by being poled on the haunches, or across the -kidneys and loins. - - -TREATMENT--REMEDY. - -Place a mustard plaster made with vinegar across the loins and bleed. -After this give an active purge, and when it begins to abate give of -white helebore from ½ to ¾ of a drachm, and 1½ drachms of tartar emetic, -with ½ a pint of warm water, this should be repeated 2 or 3 times a day, -according to the nature of the disease. For drink, give him warm water -or gruel as much as he will drink, and keep the back and loins warm and -comfortable. - - -INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. - -This disease is generally brought on by sudden cold, hard driving, high -feeding, &c. - - -SYMPTOMS. - -The first appearance of this disease is generally marked by fits of -shivering, accompanied with a coldness throughout the entire body, which, -however, gradually wears off, and he becomes warm, except the ears and -feet; but it sometimes commences slowly, with a hard, dry cough, which -appears to give the horse great pain; he appears dull, and refuses to -eat his food; the pulse is obscure and oppressed--he heaves at the -flanks, the nostrils are extended, the eye-lids and linings of the nose -are inflamed with a disagreeable running at the nose, experiences great -difficulty in breathing, seems very stiff, is unwilling to lie down or -move, and often stands until completely exhausted. - - -TREATMENT--REMEDY. - -Bleed until the pulse becomes round and full, and then the heart will be -able to accomplish its object; next hand rub the legs, well, wrap them up -with flannel bandages as high as the knees, put a blanket on the horse to -keep him warm, but let the stable have a sufficient opening to admit the -fresh air, not so much as to make it cold or chilly. In warm weather the -horse cannot have too much fresh air. The following prescription will be -found very beneficial: - - 1 drachm powdered foxglove, - 1½ “ tartar emetic, - 3 “ nitre, - 4 “ tincture of aloes, - ½ pint of warm water. - -Mix well, give it as a drench and clyster with soap and warm water; when -the focus has become softened a little, _leave off using the tincture of -aloes_, but continue to administer the remaining portion of the above -prescription, and blister the sides and brisket with the blister ointment -every 6 hours. If the ointment should act well on the first application, -there is no further need for it, but should it not act properly continue -the blistering until it does, or until the parts become very sore, and in -two or three days after dress with lard. - -In the latter stages of the disease it will be found very difficult to -get the blister to act properly on account of the exhaustion of the -natural powers of the animal, but it must be continued, and the sinking -energies aroused, or the horse is lost. The blister is often prevented -from acting by the gig being up. - -In this disease the treatment should be prompt and decisive, as not a -moment of time is to be lost. The first object should be to subdue the -inflammation, and if the mouth continues hot, the extremities cold, and -the nose red, the horse must be bled again and again in rapid succession, -the good that we can do must be done immediately or not at all. - -The first step to be taken in this disease is to bleed profusely--let the -lancet used be a large, broad shouldered one, in order that the blood -may be extracted as quick as possible and the disease destroyed without -impairing the strength of the animal. (If the blood be allowed to flow -slowly in a small stream, the strength of the animal will be sapped, -while the disease remains untouched.) Let the blood flow until the pulse -falters and the horse begins to tremble; no harm will be done however if -he should fall by bleeding in this disease. As soon as possible after the -bleeding, give the medicine prescribed; then hand rub and bandage, and -cover with warm blankets; feed him on bran mash and let him run to grass -for a month. - - -INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. - -This disease arises from various causes, and is frequently brought on by -long standing costiveness, neglected gripes, or hard riding, over heating -and immediately drinking of cold water. - - -SYMPTOMS. - -In many cases of this disease fits of shivering or restlessness are the -first indications of its approach; the mouth becomes hot, the nose red, -the horse begins to evince the most intense pain by pawing, striking -at his belly with his feet, looking wildly at his flanks, groaning and -rolling. The pulse is quick but small, the ears and feet cold, the belly -tender to the touch and sometimes hot, the breathing is quickened, the -bowels costive, and the horse rapidly becoming fearfully weak. He paws -and stamps as in the colic, but the pulse is much quicker than in that -disease, and the pain becomes constant without any intermissions, as -occur in colic. - - -TREATMENT--REMEDY. - -Commence by bleeding profusely, taking at least 7 or 8 quarts of blood, -or as much as the horse can bear, which must be done immediately, or a -fatal termination may be looked for. If the horse does not seem to have -been relieved or the pulse become round and full, the bleeding must be -repeated as the only means of subduing the inflammation, which is the -immediate cause of the weakness. If the inflammation is subdued by the -extraction of the blood the weakness will soon disappear. After the -bleeding, make a strong decoction of aloes and opium or laudanum, say 1 -ounce of laudanum with the same quantity of the tincture of aloes, and -give it to the horse; this must be quickly followed by back-raking and -an injection of soap and warm water or thin gruel, in which epsom salts -or aloes may be dissolved in moderate quantities; repeat this until the -bowels are completely cleaned out. He should be given as much warm water -or thin gruel as he will drink, and half the quantity of tincture of -aloes and laudanum should be administered every two or three hours until -the bowels are freely opened. Blister the sides and belly with common -blistering ointment and bandage the legs up to the knees with flannel, -cover him with blankets as directed in inflammation of the lungs, and -give him a comfortable stable, but not too hot, with plenty of fresh air. -No corn or hay should be allowed in this disease--bran mash will answer -very well for feed, but green meat is preferable if it can be had. Turn -him out for two or three hours in the middle of the day if not too cold; -give the legs good hand-rubbing every day; continue to clyster with thin -gruel for two or three days. - - -BOTS OR GRUBS. - -The Bots or Grubs are small worms of a red or brownish color, found in -the stomach, and it is considered almost impossible for them to do any -harm, but a horse that has the bots, grubs or worms, loses flesh, becomes -hide bound and dull. - - -SYMPTOMS. - -In this disease a yellowish matter is often found under the horse’s tail; -he has pain, stamps and rolls, switches his tail between his legs, turns -up his upper lip, and frequently looks round to his flanks, and often -tries to rub his fundament against the wall, or any other place that he -can. - - -TREATMENT--REMEDY NO. 1. - -First give an active purge, and if that is not sufficient to expel them, -take 2 drachms of tartar emetic, with a small quantity of tin or pewter -filings, or a little ground glass, make into balls or pills, and give one -every morning for two weeks; if it is necessary, the balls can be made -with a little tar, which will also improve the condition of the horse. - - -REMEDY NO. 2. - -Take 1 pint of common honey and give it as a drench; in two hours after -give an active purge:--1 pint of molasses added to 1 pint of soft soap -and a handful of salt will answer very well. Repeat the dose if it does -not operate in four or five hours. - - -MEMBRANES OF THE NOSE. - -SHOWING THE SYMPTOMS THAT MARK THE DIFFERENT STAGES OF THE DISEASE. - -1st.--The pale pink hue, when the horse is in perfect health. - -2d.--An increased tinge of red, and the gradual uniform painting of the -membrane, indicating some excitement of the general system. - -3d.--The streaked appearance when inflammation is threatening or -commencing. - -4th.--The intense florid red, of inflammation being acute. - -5th.--The starting of the vessels from their gossamer coat, and their -seeming to run bare over the membranes, when inflammation has attained -its highest point. - -6th.--The pale ground, with patches of vivid red, showing the half -subdued but still existing fever. - -7th.--The uniform color, but of a deeper red than natural, indicating the -return of a healthy state of the circulation. - -8th.--A paleness approaching to white, with a slight radiation of -crimson, showing that there is still considerable irritability, and that -mischief may be in the wind. - -9th.--The pale, livid color, warning you that the disease is assuming a -typhoid character. - -10th.--The deep livid, announcing that the typhus is establishing, and -that the vital current is stagnating. - -11th.--The brown or dirty painting, intermingling with and subduing the -lividness, denoting that the game is up. - -12th.--These appearances will be guides to our opinions and treatment, -which can never be too highly appreciated. - - -THE EYES. - -From the eye of the horse we form an idea of his age. There is, at the -back of the eye a considerable quantity of fatty substance, on which -it may revolve easily, without friction. In aged horses much of this -disappears, the eye becomes sunken, and the pit above it deepens: The -eye is a very important organ of the horse, and should be large, clear, -shining, lively, dark colored, round and full, so that you may look deep -into them; when moving but a small portion of the white should show, and -the purchaser who notices this should pause ere he completes his bargain -for a horse that shows too much of the whites of his eyes. - - -THE EARS. - -Those who are acquainted with the nature of the horse pay much attention -to the size and motion of the ear. Ears rather small than large, placed -not too far apart, erect and quick in motion, indicate both breeding and -spirit. If a horse is frequently in the habit of carrying one ear forward -and the other backward, and especially when on a journey, he generally -possesses both spirit and continuance; and if attentive to what is taking -place about him, he cannot be much fatigued or likely soon to become so. - - -STAGGERS. - -A number of opinions have been advanced in relation to the origin -and seat of this disease. Some think that it is confined entirely to -the head, while others say that the lungs are also affected; that it -originates in the stomach, from which it is removed by the action of the -lymphatic vessels, and being thrown into the circulation is diffused -throughout the entire system, and carried by the arteries into the lungs, -through which all the blood in a horse’s body passes many times during -an hour, where it undergoes a change, thus depositing a portion of the -poisonous matter that had been received into the stomach in the lungs. It -is common to horses of all ages and conditions, and is a very rare case -where it does not prove fatal. - - -SYMPTOMS. - -The symptoms in this disease are feebleness, drowsiness, loss of -appetite, a constant hanging of the head, with inflamed eyes, nearly -closed; he kicks, rears and plunges, seemingly unconscious of what he is -doing; it is dangerous for any one to approach him in this state; the -ears and forehead hot, accompanied by a burning fever. - - -TREATMENT--REMEDY. - -The first step to be taken in this disease is to relieve the overloaded -organs of the brain, which should be done by opening the neck or jugular -vein with a large lancet, that the blood may flow freely. No definite -quantity of blood need be taken, but let it run until the horse begins -to falter and blow; or, perhaps, with more assurance of success, until -he falls. Immediately after inject freely with warm water, and give as -a drench ½ ounce of aloes, ½ ounce of ginger, and ½ pint of warm water; -feed on bran mash and green meal. - - -RABIES OR MADNESS. - -If a horse be bitten by a dog or horse that is affected with rabies or -madness, the wound should be well burned out with caustic, (nitrate -of silver,) and on the third day after remove the scab and repeat the -operation. The caustic should reach every part of the wound. - -The following remedy has often been administered, and found effectual in -nine cases out of every ten. Take - - 2 ounces of fresh leaves of tree-box, - 2 “ “ of rue, - ½ “ sage, - -Chop these very fine and boil in a pint of water down to half a pint; -strain carefully, and press out the liquor, put back the ingredients into -a pint of milk, and boil again to half a pint; strain as before, mix -both liquors, which forms three doses for a human subject. Double this -quantity for a horse or cow. Two-thirds of the quantity is sufficient for -a large dog, half for a middling sized, and one-third for a small dog. -Three doses are sufficient each subsequent morning fasting, giving the -quantity directed, being that which forms these three doses. - - -INJURY OF THE EYE. - -The eye itself of the horse is rarely injured by blows and bruises -carelessly inflicted by passionate persons, but the substance that -surrounds it may be seriously wounded, and considerable inflammation -ensue--this may be abated by the application of poultices, bleeding -and physicing. Sometimes the eye-lids become inflamed from the same -cause--fomentations of warm water will be serviceable in this case. The -horse occasionally has a scaly eruption on the edges of the eye-lids, -attended with much itching, in the effort to allay which the eye is often -blemished by being rubbed against some hard substance--the nitriated -ointment of quicksilver, mixed with an equal quantity of lard may be -slightly rubbed on the edges of the lids, with good effect. Warts are -sometimes attached to the edges of the lids, and are a source of great -irritation--they should be removed with a pair of sharp scissors, and -their roots touched with lunar caustic. In common inflammation of the -eye, free bleeding, cooling applications, physic and mash diet will -usually allay the evil; the tincture of opium is a good lotion. - - -LAMPASS. - -The lampass is a swelling of the gums on the inner side of the upper -jaw, to which young horses are mostly subject, and sometimes suffer -considerably before it is discovered. - -In some cases the swelling will subside without further medical treatment -than administering a few alteratives, and feeding on bran mashes, but -should this fail it will have to be cured by cutting across the bars with -a lancet or pen-knife. If, however, it returns in three or four months -after this operation, which it sometimes does, take a sharp, flat piece -of iron, a little crooked at one end, heat it and burn out the disease a -little below the level of the teeth, being very careful not to let the -iron rest or bear against the teeth. After this operation give the horse -a little meal, mixed with a small quantity of salt, and feed on mashes. - - -THE PROCESS OF TEETHING. - -At 1½ years of age the mark in the central nippers will be much shorter -and fainter; that in the other pairs will have undergone an evident -change, and all the nippers become flat. - -At 2 years this will be more manifest, and about this period a fifth will -appear. Now, likewise, another process is commencing: the first teeth are -adapted to the size and wants of the young animal, and are sufficiently -large to fill the colt’s jaws. - -At 3 years old the horse should have the central permanent nippers -growing, the other two pairs wasting away; six grinders in each jaw above -and below, the first and fifth level with the others, and the sixth -protruding; the sharp edge of the incisors, which will be very evident -when compared to the neighboring teeth. - -At 4 years the central nippers will be fully developed, with the edge -somewhat worn off, and the mark in them shorter, wider and fainter; -the next pair will have made their appearance with the mark deep, and -extending entirely across them. The corner nippers will be larger than -the inside ones, yet smaller than they were and flat, with the mark -nearly effaced. The sixth grinder will have become level with the others, -and the tushes beginning to make their appearance. - -At 5 years the horse’s mouth is almost perfect. The corner nippers are -quite up with the long, deep mark, irregular on the inside, and the -other nippers bearing evident tokens of increasing wearing. The tush is -much grown, the grooves have almost or quite disappeared, and the outer -surface is regularly convex. - -At 6 years the mark on the central nippers is worn out, though there is -still a difference in the color of the centre of the teeth. The cement -filling the hole, made by the dipping in of enamel, will present a -browner hue than the other part of the teeth. - -At 7 years the mark in the manner which we have described it, has worn -out in the four central nippers, and is fast disappearing in the corner -teeth; the tush also is beginning to alter--it is rounding at the point, -the edges, and without, and beginning to get round inside. - -At 8 years old the tush is rounded in every way, the mark has disappeared -from all the bottom nippers, and it may almost be said to be out of the -mouth. There is nothing remaining in the bottom nippers afterward that -can clearly show the age of the horse. - - -CHEST FOUNDER. - -I believe this disease to be nothing more than the rheumatism, produced -by suffering the horse to remain too long tied up and exposed to the -cold, or riding him against a very bleak wind. - - -SYMPTOMS. - -The horse has considerable stiffness in moving, evidently not arising -from the feet; there is a tenderness about the muscles of the breast and -occasional swelling; it is sometimes accompanied with a considerable -degree of fever. - - -TREATMENT--REMEDY. - -Bleeding, physic, and a rowel in the chest, warm stabling and warm -clothing, with occasional doses of antimonial powder, will soon subdue -the complaint. - - -INFLAMMATION. - -Inflammation consists of an increased flow of the blood to and through -the parts. The proper mode of abating which is to lessen the quantity -of blood--if we take away the fuel, the fire will go out--all other -means are comparatively unimportant contrasted with bleeding. Blood is -generally extracted from the jugular vein, so that the general quantity -may be lessened, but if it can be taken from the neighborhood of the -diseased part, it will be productive of tenfold benefit: one quart -of blood extracted from the foot in acute founder, will do more good -than five quarts taken from the general circulation; an ounce of blood -obtained by scarifying the swollen vessels of the inflamed eye, will give -as much relief to that organ as a copious bleeding from the jugular. This -is a principle in the animal’s nature which should never be lost sight -of; hence the necessity for bleeding early and largely in inflammation of -the lungs, or of the bowels, or of the brain, or of any important organ. -Many horses are lost for want of, or insufficiency in bleeding, but we -never knew of one being materially injured by the most copious extraction -of blood. - -It is very difficult to decide when a cold or hot application is to be -used, and no general rule can be laid down, except that in cases of -inflammation in the early stages, cold will be preferable, but when the -inflammation is deeper seated or fully established, warm fomentations -will be found most serviceable. Stimulating applications are frequently -used in local inflammation. When the disease is deeply seated, a -stimulating application to the skin will cause some irritation and -inflammation there, and lessen or remove the malady; hence the use of -rowels and blisters in inflammation of the chest. If we excite it in one, -we shall abate it in the other,--and also, by the discharge which we -establish from the one, we shall lessen the determination of the other. -Stimulating and blistering applications should never be applied to a -part that is already inflamed. A fire will not go out by heaping more -fuel upon it; hence the mischief which is often done by rubbing those -abominable oils on a recent sprain, hot and tender. Many a horse has -been ruined by this absurd treatment, when the heat and tenderness have -disappeared by the use of cold lotions or fomentations. When the leg or -sprained part remains enlarged long or matter threatens to be deposited, -it may be right to excite inflammation of the skin by a blister, in order -to rouse the deeper seated absorbants to action and enable them to take -up this deposit; but, except to hasten the natural process and effects -of inflammation, a blister or stimulating application should never be -applied to a part already inflamed. - - -INFLAMMATION OF THE LARYNX. - -He who is desirous of ascertaining whether there is any disease in -the larynx of a horse, should apply his ear to the lower part of -the windpipe. If he finds that the air passes in and out without -interruption, there is no disease of any consequence, either in the -windpipe or the chest, for it would be immediately detected by the -loudness or the interruption of the murmur. Then let him gradually -proceed up the neck with his ear still upon the windpipe; perhaps he soon -begins to recognize a little gurgling sound. He can have no surer proof -that there is the seat of the disease. - - -TREATMENT--REMEDY. - -The treatment here is very plain: Blood must be copiously extracted from -the jugular vein, which must be done quickly, letting it run until the -pulse begins to flutter, then administer the fever medicine: - - 1 drachm digitalis, - 1½ “ emetic tartar, - 3 “ nitre, - ½ ounce aloes, - -Which must be repeated twice or thrice in the day. Aloes may be safely -given at this stage of the disease, because the chest is not yet -implicated. To this must be added immediately a blister, and a sharp one. - - -EPIDEMICS. - -In epidemics all offensive matter should be immediately and carefully -cleared away, and no small portion of the chloride of lime used in -washing the stables, troughs, &c., and particularly his ulcers, &c. - - -CHRONIC COUGH. - -If a harsh hollow cough is accompanied by a staring coat; it proceeds -from irritability of the air passages, which will be discovered by the -horse coughing after drinking, or when he first goes out of the stable -in the morning, or by occasionally snorting out thick mucus from the -nose, medicine may be given with advantage to diminish the irritation; -generally small doses of digitalis, emetic tartar and nitre administered -at night. Take - - Digitalis ½ drachm, - Emetic tartar 1 drachm, - Nitre 1 drachm. - -This should be mixed into a ball with tar and given every night regularly -for a considerable length of time. A blister extending from the root of -one ear to that of the other, taking in the whole of the channel and -reaching six or eight inches down the windpipe has been tried with good -effect. Feeding has much influence on this complaint: too much dry meat, -and especially chaff increases it; carrots afford decided relief. - - -THICK OR BROKEN WIND. - -There is no remedy for the cure of this but it may be improved. The -horse should have full proportions of solid food, but very little hay, -and no chaff; he should not be worked immediately after a heavy meal; -water should be given in moderate quantities, but the horse should not be -suffered to drink as much as he likes until the day’s work is over; green -meat will always be serviceable, and carrots are particularly useful. - - -PHYSICING. - -A horse should be carefully prepared for the action of physic. Two or -three bran mashes given on that or the preceding day, which should be -continued until the dung becomes softened, as a less quantity of physic -will then suffice. On the day which the physic is given, the horse should -have walking exercise, or may be gently trotted for a quarter of an hour -twice in the day; but after the physic begins to work, he should not be -moved from his stall. A little hay may be put in the rack, and as much -mash given as the horse will eat, and as much water as he will drink with -the coldness off. Aloes is the best purgative, for there is no other that -is at once so sure and safe--the dose is from ½ to 1 ounce, if the horse -is properly prepared. The only other purgative on which dependence can -be placed is the croton; the dose varies from 1 scruple to ½ a drachm. -Linseed oil is an uncertain but safe purgative, in doses from a pint to -a pint and a half. Epsom salts are an inefficacious remedy except in the -immense dose of a pound and a half, and then they are not always safe. - - -SPRAINS OF THE BACK SINEWS. - -Should there remain the slightest lameness or enlargement, the leg must -be blistered; and it would seldom be a bad practice to blister after -every case of severe sprain. The inflammation may lay deep, and the part -once sprained may long remain weak, and subject to renewed injury, not -from unusual but ordinary exertion. The horse should be afterwards turned -out for one or two months. - -We must here again repeat that a blister should never be used while any -heat remains. - - -ENLARGEMENT OF THE HOCK. - -A horse with an enlarged hock must always be regarded with suspicion: in -truth he is unsound. The animal may discharge his usual work during a -long period, without return of lameness, but when all his energies are -required, the weakened part will fail. The treatment is plain enough: -fomentations, blistering, &c. may remedy the evil. - - -SPRAIN OF THE COFFIN JOINT. - -The proof of this is when the lameness is sudden, and the heat and -tenderness are principally felt around the cornet. Bleeding at the toe, -physic, fomentations and blisters are the usual means adopted. This -lameness is not easily removed even by a blister, and if removed like -sprains of the fetlock and of the back sinews, it is apt to return again. -Sprains of the coffin joint sometimes become a very serious affair; not -being attended by any swelling, and being detected only by heat around -the coronet. First reduce the heat by fomentations: say bathe the foot -with water as warm as the hand will bear, fomentate with this for 15 or -20 minutes--the long continuance of fomentations has been found very -efficacious in reducing inflammation; next apply a clay poultice made -with vinegar, and when getting dry moisten by pouring vinegar on the foot -and clay. After the heat has left the parts, then blister. The horse -should not be used for a month or two. - - -GREASE. - -Grease consists of swollen legs, although swelled legs occur frequently, -yet there is no grease. Friction and bandaging will generally remove -this. Grease is a specific inflammation of the skin of the heels, -sometimes of the forefeet, but oftener of the hinder ones. It is not a -contagious disease, as some have asserted although when it once appears -in a stable, it frequently attacks almost every horse in it.--Bad stable -management is the true cause of it. The first appearance of grease is -usually a dry and scurfy state of the skin of the heel, with redness, -heat and itching. The heel should be well but gently washed with soap and -water, and as much of the scurf detached as is easily removed. If the -cracks are deep, with an ichorous discharge and considerable lameness, -it will be necessary to poultice. A poultice made of carrots boiled soft -and mashed will answer the purpose. The efficacy of a carrot poultice -is seldom sufficiently appreciated in cases like this. The poultice -just referred to should be diligently applied at night, to insure -success, and when the heat and tenderness and stiffness of motion have -diminished, astringent lotions should be applied. Either the alum lotion -or a strong decoction of oak bark--perhaps the alum dissolved in whiskey -will do better than water, or the alum dissolved in a decoction of bark -will answer better than either. This disease requires perseverance--the -decoctions should be made very strong. After washing several times should -there be watery matter on the heels or leg, wash it off with wafer and -soap. Moderate physicing, bran mashes, &c. will be found very beneficial. -The above decoctions will never fail to cure the scratches. - - -INFLAMMATION OF THE FEET, ACUTE FOUNDER. - -This is a disease that was less understood than any other until very -recently. It often arises by allowing a horse that is very much heated to -stand in the snow or cold water for any length of time, or where he is -apt to become chilled, which produces a general stiffness throughout the -entire system; but it will soon be observed that the seat of the disease -is in the feet, by the disinclination of the horse to remain upon them. - - -SYMPTOMS. - -The earliest symptoms of fever in the feet are restiveness, frequent -shifting of the fore legs, but no pawing. The pulse is quickened, the -flanks heaving, the nostrils red and his moaning indicating great pain. -He looks about his litter, as if preparing to lie down; he continues -to shift his weight from foot to foot; he is afraid to draw his feet -sufficiently under him for the purpose of lying down, but at length he -drops. His lying down will distinguish inflammation of the feet from -that of the lungs, in which the horse obstinately persists in standing -until he drops. His quietness when down will distinguish it from colic or -inflammation of the bowels. He will point out the seat of the disease by -looking at the part; his muzzle will often rest on the feet or affected -foot. - - -TREATMENT--REMEDY NO. 1. - -The treatment in this disease resembles that of other inflammations. -Bleeding is indispensable and that to its fullest extent. Four quarts of -blood should be taken from the toe of the foot, which may be put into -warm water to quicken the flow of blood. Poultices of linseed meal, -made very soft, should cover the whole of the foot and pastern, and be -frequently renewed. This will relieve its painful pressure on the swelled -and tender parts beneath. The shoe should be removed, the sole pared as -thin as possible, the crust and quarters well washed--all this should -be done gently. Sedatives and cooling medicines should be diligently -administered, consisting of digitalis, nitre and tartar emetic, 1 drachm -digitalis, 2 drachms tartar emetic, 3 drachm saltpetre. If no amendment -is apparent after this, blood should again be extracted on the following -day. In extreme cases, a third bleeding may be justifiable, and instead -of the poultice, cloths kept wet with water in which nitre has been -dissolved, in the proportion of an ounce of nitre to a pint of water. The -cloths should be wrapped around the feet. - - -TREATMENT--REMEDY NO. 2. - -Take 1 quart sweet milk, 1 quart molasses, ½ oz. pulverized saltpetre, -mix and dissolve all together, give in 2 drenches about 5 minutes apart: -this is highly recommended by those who have tried it. - - -RESTIVENESS, OR TAMING HORSES. - -Mr. Catlin has published an account, the veracity of which is -unimpeached, of his travels among the North American Indians. “He coils -his lasso on his arm and gallops fearlessly into the herd of wild horses. -He soon gets it over the neck of one of the number, when he instantly -dismounts, leaving his own horse, letting the lasso pass out gradually -and carefully through his hands until the horse falls for want of breath. -The Indian advances, keeping the lasso tight upon his neck until he -fastens a pair of hobbles on the animals two fore feet,--then passing -a noose round the under jaw by which he obtains great power over the -affrighted animal, that is rearing and plunging when it gets breath. By -this means he gradually advances until he is able to place his hand on -the animal nose and over its eyes, and at length to breathe into its -nostrils, when it soon becomes docile and conquered; so that he has -little else to do than remove the hobbles from its feet, and lead or ride -it to the camp.” - -Mr. A. B. Moss happened to read this account, and he felt a natural -desire to ascertain how far this mode of horse training might be employed -among the American horses. He soon had an opportunity of putting the -veracity of the story to the test. A man on a neighboring farm was -attempting to break a very restive colt, which had foiled him in every -possible way. After several attempts, he succeeded in breathing into one -of the horse’s nostrils, and from that moment all became easy. The horse -was completely subdued. He suffered himself to be led quietly away with a -loose halter, and was perfectly at command. - - -BROOD MARES. - -Great care and attention should be paid to brood mares, particularly -three or four weeks before foaling. She should be worked up to the day of -foaling, being very careful not to overwork or exert her too much; light -and moderate work is an advantage to the animal with foal. She should -be fed on a little flax seed meal, or the whole seed if the meal cannot -be obtained, twice a week at least six or eight weeks before foaling, -and should never fail to turn out to grass of a night for several weeks -previous to foaling. Should be fed on bran mash through the winter, and -up to the time of foaling, which will be found very advantageous to both -mare and colt. There is nothing so refreshing as a bran mash with a -little salt in it, adding a reasonable quantity of corn and oats. If this -course and caution is taken you will not lose one mare out of a hundred, -and perhaps not one out of a thousand. - - -WARTS. - -Warts are found on the eye-lids, the muzzel, the ears, the belly, the -neck, the penis, and the prepuce. There are some caustics available, but -frequently they must be removed by an operation. - -If the root is very small it may be snapped asunder close to the skin -with a pair of scissors, and touched with lunar caustic. - -If the pedicle or stem is somewhat larger, a ligature of waxed silk -should be passed firmly round it and tightened every day. The source of -nutriment being thus removed the tumor will in a short time die and drop -off. - -If the warts are large or in considerable clusters, it will be necessary -to cast the horse in order to cut them off close to the skin. The root -should then be seared with a red hot iron; unless these precautions are -used the warts will speedily sprout out again. - - - - -A COMPLETE LIST OF Receipts Belonging to the Horse. AND THEIR USES. - - -CELEBRATED HORSE POWDERS. - -FOR THE CURE OF YELLOW WATER, HIDE BOUND, GRUB WORMS, BOTS, &C. - -These powders will cleanse the blood and give new life and vigor to the -animal, its effects will soon be made apparent. They are harmless and can -be fed with safety. Take - - ½ pound gentian root. - 1 “ flour of brimstone, - 1 “ fenugreek, - ½ “ alum, - ¼ “ gum asafœtida, - 1 “ rosin, - ¼ “ angelica root, - ½ “ rhubarb, - ½ “ columbo, - 1 “ copperas, - 1 “ cut and dried tobacco, - ½ “ cream of tartar, - ¼ “ red tartar, - 1 “ epsom salts, - 1 “ juniper berries, - ½ “ garden benedict, - ½ “ salts of nitre, - 1 “ spice berries, - 1 “ antimony, - 1 “ ginger, - -Mix and pulverize well. The glass should be ground through a fine mill -two or three times. If the benedict and spice berries cannot be obtained -it will do well without them. - - -DIRECTIONS FOR USE. - -The dose is 1 table spoonful night and morning, with bran mash or oats, -which can be increased or diminished to suit the case. By leaving out -tobacco it will make an excellent powder for cows, hogs, sheep, &c. - - -TO CURE GALDS ON HORSES. - -Take dry white lead and sprinkle it on the gald twice a day, which will -dry it up and cure it in a short time. - - -ARABIAN OIL FOR HORSES. - -This oil is an excellent mixture for sprains, swellings, galds, &c. -either for a human subject or a horse. Take - - 1 quart of linseed oil, - 1 pint of turpentine, - 4 ounces oil of origanum - 6 “ oil of spike, - 6 “ spirits of camphor, - 1 “ oil of sassafras. - -Mix and shake well before using, and keep the vessel that contains it -well corked. The spirits of camphor is made by taking 95 per cent. -alcohol, adding as much gum camphor as it will dissolve. - - -FOR THE BOTS. - -Dissolve in a pint of milk warm water ¼ lb. of alum and give it as a -drench; in ten minutes after give 1 pint of linseed oil. - - -AN INFALLIBLE LOTION FOR BLOWS, BRUISES, SWELLINGS, SPRAINS, &C. - -This lotion is truly astonishing in its effects, and cannot be surpassed -for the purposes for which it is intended. Dissolve 2 ounces of gum -camphor in 1 pint of 95 per cent. alcohol, and when dissolved add - - 2 ounces oil of turpentine, - 2 “ spirits sal amoniac, - 1 “ oil origanum, - 2 tablespoonsful laudanum. - -This lotion must be well rubbed in with the hand for a full quarter of an -hour every time it is used, which should be four times a day. - - -FOR THE BLACK TONGUE. - -Take a handful of fine salt and rub well upon the tongue of the horse -that has this disease, which will effect a cure in two applications. It -is an infallible, simple and cheap remedy. - - -LOTION FOR SCRATCHES OR GREASE. - -Take white oak bark and make a strong decoction of it by boiling; then -dissolve a portion of pulverized alum in the decoction, say ½ pound of -alum to a quart of decoction, and it is ready for use. Before applying -the lotion, wash the parts with warm soap suds two or three times a day. -This lotion has never been known to fail when properly applied. A lotion -made of alum and water is said to be good. - - -TO QUIET OR TAME HORSES. - -Take of the oil of roses 4 drops, oil of cummin 4 drops, and a portion -of the wart or horney substance that forms on the leg, powder it fine; -then drop the oil in and mix it in your hand, put some up the horse’s -nostrils, and give him some in his feed. This is said to be a certain -remedy for taming horses, so that you may handle them as you please. - - -TREATMENT OF FOUNDER. - -As soon as it is ascertained that the horse is foundered, take from the -neck vein from 1 to 2 gallons of blood; then give 1 ounce of pulverized -alum, mixed with damp oats; place the horse in a dry stall, ground floor -is best, wrap the legs up as high as the knees and hock joints, with -woollen cloths, saturate them with cold water for seven or eight hours; -give him no food for twenty-four hours, and then let it be a light feed -of oats and bran mash mixed. In two or three days turn him out for -exercise. If the ankles continue feverish, bathe them at night with equal -parts of vinegar, alcohol and sweet oil. - - -FOR URINE BOUND. - -Take dandeline leaves, make a strong decoction and drench freely. A -decoction made of water-melon seeds will answer the same purpose. Whiskey -will generally accomplish the object. - - -FOR THE DISTEMPER. - -Give the horse indigo water to drink: feed on bran mash mixed with a -small quantity of sulphor or brimstone; or you may use some good horse -powders, adding thereto a little of the brimstone. The easiest mode to -tincture the water with the indigo is to put it into a common muslin -bag; then dip the bag into the water, letting it remain until the water -becomes bluish, or until you think it contains a sufficient quantity of -the indigo. Give no other water to drink. This is a safe remedy. - - -HOOF OINTMENT. - -Take 1 pound of tar and 1 pound of tallow, mix them with ½ pound of -common turpentine in a stone ware dish; stir them until they are -thoroughly mixed together. This is an excellent dressing for sore hoofs, -for horses and oxen. - - -EMBROCATION FOR THE THROAT. - -This embrocation may be used without taking the hair off. Take - - 2 ounces spirits of hartshorn, - 2 “ oil of turpentine, - 2 “ spirits of camphor, - 1 “ laudanum. - -Mix well and put into a bottle; keep it well corked. - - -TO MAKE ELDER OINTMENT. - -Take the green leaves of elder, if they can be had; if not, take of the -inside bark any quantity and lard in proportion to the elder, then fry to -a crisp, which will be found very efficacious in healing sores, scalds, -burns, sprains, or any humorous swelling. The elder alone fried in the -same manner and strained, makes a much better ointment. This is worth -making and keeping on hand, as its cost is a mere trifle. - - -FOR BLOOD OR BOG SPAVIN. - -For curing the above disease dress with mercurial ointment two or three -times, and then with iodine ointment. To make mercurial ointment, take -1 ounce of quicksilver to 3 ounces of lard, beat both together until -thoroughly mixed. Iodine ointment is made by mixing equal quantities of -iodine and mercurial ointment well together. - - -A GOOD HORSE POWDER. - -The following prescription will make an excellent powder for ordinary -purposes. Take - - 2 pounds sulphor of brimstone, - 2 “ cream of tartar, - 1 “ antimonia, - 1 “ saltpetre. - -The dose of this mixture is 1 table spoonful morning and evening. - - -ON BLISTERING. - -The Spanish fly in its action is intense, yet superficial. It plentifully -raises the cuticle, yet rarely injures the true skin and therefore seldom -blemishes. The application of other acrid substances is occasionally -followed by deeply seated ulceration; but a blister composed of the -Spanish fly alone, while it does its duty, leaves, after a few weeks -have passed, scarcely a trace behind. The art of blistering consists in -cutting or rather shaving the hair close, then rubbing on the ointment at -least ten minutes. As soon as the vesicles have risen, which will be in -something like 20 hours, you may relieve the animal by the application -of olive or neatsfoot oil. In inflammation of the lungs, &c., it should -be made to act sooner. The principle of the blister is, that no intense -inflammation can exist in the neighboring parts at the same time. An -infusion of 2 ounces of the flies in 1 pint of oil of turpentine, for -several days, is frequently used, and with good effect. This is a sure -and safe remedy. If in the winter blanket the horse to keep him warm -until he is over it; put a blanket over the head also if very cold. - - -TINCTURE OF ALOES AND MYRRH. - -This will answer well for dressing either fresh or old wounds. Take - - 8 ounces of powdered aloes, - 1 “ “ myrrh, - 1 quart spirits of wine, - 1 ounce water, - -Put these into a bottle and shake every day for two weeks, when it will -be ready for use. This is an excellent preparation, and can be relied -on. Any person having horses should never be without this tincture, the -cost being but a mere trifle, and will often and in every case save time, -trouble and expense, where there is use for it. - - -TINCTURE OF OPIUM. - -To make the above take 2 ounces of powdered opium and 2 pints spirits of -wine, put into a bottle and shake well every day for a week, when it will -be ready for use. - - -COMMON BLISTERING OINTMENT. - -To make the above ointment which may be used for blistering in -inflammation of the lungs, bowels, &c. Take - - 1½ pounds of lard, - 2 ounces venice turpentine, - 2 “ rosin, - 2½ “ spanish flies, powdered, - -Melt the rosin, turpentine and lard in any common vessel, and when the -mixture begins to cool put in the powdered flies; mix well by stirring. -Before applying the blister clip or shave the hair off and grease, rub -well for ten minutes. After it has acted, grease with lard or oil. - - -FOR RING BONE OR SPAVIN. - -The following will be found very useful for removing ring bone or spavin, -or any other bony substance. Take - - 8 ounces of spanish flies, - 1 pound of lard, - 1 “ rosin, - 6 ounces of venice turpentine, - -Melt the lard, rosin and turpentine over a slow fire, and when beginning -to cool add the spanish flies. Apply three mornings in succession; and in -twelve hours after the last application dress with lard; keep out of the -water while blistering, which may be reduced with oil and used for the -purpose of irritating and removing inflammation, lameness, &c. The horse -should not get wet while blistering. - - -SPIRITS OF PIMENTO. - -To make spirits of pimento take - - ½ pound of ground allspice, - 1 quart of alcohol. - 1 “ of water, - -Put these into a bottle and shake well before using. It is now ready for -use though it is better to let it stand several days. This is a good -lotion for the wind colic after the gas has been removed. - - -TINCTURE OF IODINE. - -To make this tincture take 1 ounce of iodine, 1 pint of spirits of wine, -and mix well. It is very good for enlarged glands of the neck, joints and -muscles, and may be used twice a day without taking the hair off. - - -LINIMENT FOR SPRAINS, SWELLINGS, &c. - -To make this liniment, which will never fail in curing sprains, -swellings, &c. &c. Take - - 2 ounces hartshorn, - 2 “ spirits camphor, - 1 “ oil of turpentine, - ½ “ laudanum. - -Mix well together and put into a bottle, being careful to keep it well -corked. - - -COOLING LOTION FOR INFLAMMATION - -This is an excellent lotion for wounds of the eyes, &c. to be used after -bleeding freely. Take - - 2 drachms sugar of lead, - 1 “ white vitriol, - 1 pint lime water. - -Put them into a bottle and shake often, so as to dissolve the -ingredients. Apply it as a wash, bathing the parts affected two or three -times a day. - - -FOR THE SWEANEY. - -This is a troublesome disease, and is very common amongst horses. It can -easily be detected by examining the withers, which will be slightly sunk, -and the skin becomes very tight to the muscles and flesh; and if suffered -to run on, the horse will get very lame and the skin tight, and the -withers much sunken. I have seen horses frequently have it on the rump -or near the hip bone; it would cause the horse to become very lame. This -disease should be attacked when first discovered, and never suffer it to -run on until the horse becomes very lame and the parts much sunken. - - -REMEDY. - - Take 1 pint strong vinegar, - “ 1 gill spirits turpentine, - “ 1 oz. pulverized saltpetre. - -Put all into a bottle, shake, mix and dissolve well, and it is fit for -use. Rub the liniment on the sunken parts with the hand as much as will -soak in twice a day, until it becomes sore, and the skin gets loose; -then apply once a day until all is used. This liniment will never fail -in curing if applied properly, and is the only safe and sure remedy for -sweaney. I have never known it to fail; you may grease with sweet oil 1 -day after using the last time. This liniment will take off the hair, but -it will do no harm, as the hair will come out in a short time as fine as -ever, and will not leave the least blemish. The liniment must act on the -skin, and if it does not make sore or act on the skin, add more spirits -turpentine. If you have a horse that has the sweaney, do not put yourself -to the trouble of getting any person to cure it for you, or purchase any -quack medicine for it; but go to work and cure it yourself, which can -be done for 12½ cents. The horse should not be worked while using it. I -have known it to be cured whilst working the horse, but the animal should -not be punished in that way. In case the first dose does not entirely -relieve, use the second time: this you will have no need for if you do -not work the horse. - - -HOW TO THROW OR MAKE A HORSE LAY DOWN. - -Whatever you may intend the horse to do, it is always necessary to give -him some idea what you wish him to do, and repeat whatever it may be -until the horse is sure to remember it. To make a horse lay down, bend -the left fore leg until the hoof is nearly bottom upwards; then fasten a -loop over his leg above the pastern joint firmly, so that he cannot get -the foot down: next fasten one end of another strap around his right foot -above his hoof; place the strap through the left leg where it is bent; -keep the strap in your right hand; keep on the left side of the horse; -let the bridle have a strap to it; bring this up over the opposite-side -of his neck, grasp it with your left hand, drawing the strap steady, -so as to draw his head to the right; pull steady with the right hand -strap, bearing against the shoulder to cause him to move; when he does -move, he will come on his knees; keep the strap tight, so that he cannot -straighten his leg; keep him in this position, turning his head towards -you; bear against his side slightly with your shoulder with an equal -pressure; in ten minutes or so, he will be down. As soon as he is down, -he will be conquered; and you can handle as you please; keep his head up, -now you may take off the straps, straighten out his legs, rub him about -the face, head and neck with your hand the way the hair lays; handle -all his legs gently, and he will soon learn that you won’t do him any -harm. After he has laid some 15 or 20 minutes, let him get up again. -Rest him a short time, and make him lay down again as before: repeat the -operation three or four times which is sufficient for one lesson; give -him 3 or 4 lessons, and he will lay down by taking hold of one foot, and -tapping him on the other leg with a stick while you have hold of his -foot--finally he will lay down from the motion of the stick. Before you -attempt to make a horse lay down, place a thick bed of hay on the floor -or ground, so that he cannot hurt himself in the least. If your horse -is very scarry, fretful or skittish after you have given him one or two -lessons, take something that will rattle or any thing that is calculated -to frighten him, rattle it and pass over his head and about him; he may -be much frightened at first, keep his head up, and he cannot get up, and -by continuing with this, he will soon get used to it and not mind it. -It will be the same with a kicking horse after you pass over him with -harness, chains, &c. he will soon become accustomed to it, so that you -can hitch him up and work him with safety.--In all cases where horses -have been broke of bad habits, you should be cautious not to show him -opportunities to learn his old tricks over. The most gentle horse can be -spoiled and brought into bad habits; so you should be careful with the -one that has just been broke from his bad habits. - -The above is the only safe and sure course which you can pursue with a -horse with bad habits. I would here again press upon you when you have -him on his knees, to commence patting him under the belly--continue with -gentle strokes upon the belly. You will in a few minutes bring him to -his knees behind: continue the process and he will lay down and submit -himself to your treatment. By proceeding gently you may handle his feet -and legs any way you choose. By practising this process a few times, -you will find him perfectly gentle and submissive, and will generally -follow you, and is unwilling to leave you unless he be very wild; the -first treatment will answer.--Should you have a very wild horse, and -cannot manage him, take the button or horney substance which grows on the -back part of the horse’s leg; dry this, pulverize it fine, drop a few -drops of oil of roses and a few drops oil cummin; put some of this up his -nostrils: this is best done by putting it in a large quill and blowing it -up the nostril; feed him with a small portion of it from off your hand, -with a little oats; also breathe your breath into his nostrils; by doing -this, he will permit you to handle his feet, legs, &c. or permit you to -get on his back, or suffer you to handle as you please. By pursuing these -courses, and handling occasionally, always letting him know what you want -him to do, you will be able to quiet and tame a horse to become perfectly -gentle. - - -RULES FOR A HORSE THAT SHYES. - -When you have a horse that shyes or scares at a stump, log or any object -that may come in his way, never whip him for it, or attempt to force him -up to it or by it. But be easy with him, try and get him up to the object -by gentle handling; patting and rubbing him on the neck, shoulders, &c. -Finally you will get him up to the object, and he will smell or feel -it with his nose. If you pursue this course he will finally forget and -give up the habit of scaring. If you wish to satisfy yourself about this -course, take a buffalo robe or a red blanket, place your horse in a yard -and hold up the robe, moving towards him; he will soon throw up his -head, snort and run. Then throw the robe down in the centre of the yard; -if frightened he will not rest until he has touched it with his nose; -he will soon begin to walk toward the robe and snort, getting a little -closer until he touches it with his nose, he will see that it will do him -no harm, and finally he will pick it up with his teeth and care nothing -about it. This will show you at once that if you can get him up to the -object and let him feel it with his nose, he will care nothing about -it, and soon forget his scaring, &c.--When you try the robe experiment -step up to one side and watch his motions, and he will soon give you -the principle upon which he acts. The same course must be pursued in -breaking wild colts; go up to it cautiously and by degrees, never rush up -to it all at once; be cautious, watch the colt, and if you see that he -is frightened at your approach stop a little, and when he becomes quiet -approach a little nearer, and so on until he will suffer you to touch -his face, then rub him gently the way the hair lays; continue doing this -until he will permit you to feel him pretty near all over; then place -your halter on him, gently rubbing and feeling him over the face and -head. When you have the halter on lead him over the yard cautiously; do -not frighten him or whip him. Never whip unless he is very stubborn and -does not fear you, then you should give him a few sharp cuts with the -whip about his hind legs so as it will crack sharp and cause him to fear -you. After you have him started feel his face, fore legs, &c. a good -deal more than you have whipped him, then he will soon become fond of you -again. After you have learned him to move off, you may put on the bridle -and learn him by gentling him as you did with the halter; you may now put -on the saddle, but do it cautiously, feeling him by degrees, then get -yourself a block about eighteen inches high, place this by his side and -when he gets used to this get up on the block, then put your foot in the -stirrup, putting a little of your weight in it by degrees; as soon as you -find he will bear it you can get on the saddle and make him move off, but -do it all cautiously so as not to frighten him. When you have learned him -all this you may next put on the harness, carefully feeling him first, -and give him to understand what you want him to do; as soon as he finds -out you will not hurt him he will suffer the harness to be put on; now -you may hitch him to a light log, and learn him to pull this first; when -he does this well use a heavier one, and when he does this all well you -can hitch him up in a wagon or sulky, but do it all carefully, and do not -frighten him or you may make a bad job of it. The above principle should -always be carried out in every thing you wish the horse to learn. You -cannot expect a man to do any piece of work for you unless he understands -it, or has learned the principle of it, much less can you expect a horse -to do something he knows nothing about. If you pursue this course you -can soon get the horse to understand what you want him to do, and he -will become very fond of you. I will here state that if you have a very -stubborn colt or horse, you may use the oil of roses and oil of cummin -with the powdered button, which should be blown into his nostrils. - - -HOW TO DRIVE OR BREAK A KICKING HORSE. - -Or horses with bad habits. First take up one fore foot, bend his leg -till his hoof is bottom upward, then slip a loop over his knee above the -pastern joint to keep it tight. This should be done with a leather strap, -forming a loop around the one, and so fixed as to buckle around the -other; be careful so as to fasten it so as it cannot slip down or come -loose, or you may pass a loop over the leg, and with another strap tie -the loop close together, between the leg, so as to prevent it from coming -down. This will leave the horse on three legs. You can handle now as you -wish, as it is impossible for him to kick whilst his leg is up. This will -conquer the horse quicker than any other course which you can pursue, and -especially a kicker or one that runs off when he has the chance so to do. - -The surest plan for a horse that will attempt to run off as soon as you -hitch him up, is to fasten up his leg as directed above or learn him to -hop along on three legs awhile, which he will soon learn to do. Exercise -him two or three times, in this way fifteen or twenty minutes at a time, -or until conquered, allowing his leg to be loosed. When you have learned -him to walk in this way, fasten up his leg and put the harness on him -and hitch up to sulky. Now you may drive off and need not be fearful of -the horse kicking or doing any damage while one foot is up, nor can he -kick or run fast enough to do any harm. But you can now drive him as you -please. Should he want to run let him have the lines and whip too, with -perfect safety; by doing this two or three times you will cure him at -once of running off. The horse will be frightened at first, but he will -soon see that you do not want to hurt him and will not care anything more -about it. You can finally let down the leg and drive off gently without -any further trouble. - -I will here give you another plan to break or prevent a horse from -kicking whilst working him. Loop a strap or rope around the horse’s hind -leg, with one end and with the other end fasten around the foreleg, -allowing it just long enough for him to make a step, in order to keep -the strap from dragging on the ground or being in his way while walking. -Pass a strap around his back, letting it pass under his belly and fasten -it up in this way; this properly done will soon conquer him, as it is -impossible for him to kick whilst the strap is to his legs. - -I will still give you another plan to prevent a horse from kicking. Loop -a strap around the hind leg; let it pass through between the fore legs, -thence through the ring of the bridle bit, allowing the strap just long -enough for him to make the step, now fasten the strap. You can now drive -off with safety, as it is utterly impossible for him to kick or to do any -harm. You should pass a strap around the horse’s back and fasten up the -strap or rope to prevent it from dragging on the ground. - -Another still to prevent a horse from kicking when hitched up in shafts, -if he will stand quiet long enough to fasten in the shafts, when you have -him hitched up, loop a strong strap around the shaft on the one side, -let it pass over the hips and fasten it to the shaft on the opposite -side; next fasten the strap to the harness at the top, so as to prevent -it from slipping down; you can now drive off with safety, as far as the -kicking is concerned; for he cannot kick to do any harm if the strap -stays firmly at its place, and the vehicle heavy enough to prevent him -from raising it. - - -FOR THE BLACKSMITH. - -If you have a horse which you cannot manage to shoe, take up his leg as -directed in the kicking horse, and handle him awhile, patting and rubbing -all his legs, &c.; when he becomes quiet, let his leg down to rest; -then take it up again and rub his legs as before, and let him know what -you are about to do to him; then let his leg down and commence to shoe. -Should he be very fretful yet, and will not suffer you to put on the -shoe, you will meet with success by making him lay down and perform as -directed in making the horse lay down. - - -CURE FOR BOTS. - -Mix 1 pint honey with 1 quart sweet milk; give as a drench; 1 hour after -dissolve 1 oz. pulverized copperas 1 pint of water, use as a drench; -then give 1 quart linseed oil; this cure is said to be effectual. The -principle of giving the horse the sweet drench is good; it will generally -cause the bots to let loose and take a fill of the sweet drench; then you -should not fail to give plenty of physic to carry them off. - - -HOW TO MAKE A HORSE FOLLOW YOU. - -Put your horse into a large stable or small yard; commence to gentle -him a little, take hold of the halter or bridle, turn him towards you, -touching him with a long whip; at the same time lead him the length of -the stable or yard, rubbing him on the neck, face and head; say to him -gently as you lead, come along boy, or better to use his name: whenever -you turn, touch him slightly with the whip, so as to make him step up -close to you; then gentle him again with your hand as before; he will -soon learn to escape the whip and to be gentled with the hand; he will -soon learn to follow you around without taking hold of the halter or -bridle. Should he stop or turn from you, give him a few cuts about the -hind legs; he will soon turn his head towards you, when you must always -gentle him with your hand. A few lessons will make him follow you or -run after you if he sees the motion of the whip; in a half hour he will -follow you about the stable or yard. After you have given him 3 or 4 -lessons in this way, you can take into a lot and from thence into the -road, and he will follow you any where and run after you. - - -HOW TO LEARN HIM TO STAND STILL. - -Commence to gentle him with your hand about the head, &c. Should he move -give him a cut with the whip and put him back in the same place if he -stands; gentle him with the hand as before, and continue in this until -you can get around him without making him move; continue walking around -him, increasing your walk, touching him occasionally; enlarging your -circle as you walk around, and if he should move, give him a cut with the -whip and put him again in his place; if he stands go up to him frequently -and gentle him with your hand; then walk around him again. Do not keep -him in one position too long at a time; permit him to come to you and -walk him around or about with you; then stand him at another place, and -continue as before. Do not train him more than half an hour at a time. -You should never attempt to train a horse to do more than one thing at -a time. Learn him the one which you have commenced on well first; then -in no case should you attempt to learn him another under a week or so, -always using caution no matter what you wish him to do or learn. - - - - -A LIST OF MEDICINES BELONGING TO THE HORSE, THEIR PROPERTIES AND USE. - - -ANTIMONY. - -A compound of sulphor and antimony is a good alterative. It is given with -sulphor and nitre in varying quantities. - - -SPASMODICS. - -Of these opium stands first on our list, next peppermint, tincture of -pimento, turpentine, camphor, asafœtida, &c. - - -SPIRITS OF CAMPHOR. - -The spirits of camphor is made by taking 95 per cent. alcohol, put in as -much gum camphor as it will dissolve. - - -VINEGAR. - -Vinegar is a very useful application for sprains, bruises, &c. Equal -parts of boiling water and cold vinegar will form a good fomentation; -extract of lead or bay salt may be added with some advantage. - - -ALCOHOL--RECTIFIED SPIRITS. - -This is used in making many tinctures and other preparations; 3 or 4 -ounces of which are largely diluted with water, and given to a horse -that has become fatigued while on a journey, will cause him to rally and -cheerfully pursue his course to the end of the day’s travel. - - -AQUA-FORTIS. - -This is a valuable external application for destroying fungus -excrescences. A pledget of tar should be dipped in the acid, then firmly -pressed on the cankerous surface. Every part with which the acid comes in -contact will be deadened and slough off, when healthy granulations spring -up. - - -SULPHURIC ACID. - -Sulphuric acid is a good application for the thrush and canker, and in -fact the only thing that can be relied on. It is occasionally used with -tar in the proportion of an ounce of acid to 1 pound of tar. - - -ALOES. - -The Barbadoes aloes is the best for the horse. They are of a dark brown -color; they are very useful for physic, and the dose is from ½ to 1 -ounce, which should be given immediately in cases where it is needed. -They are also very useful in the form of a tincture, to make which 8 -ounces of powdered aloes and 1 ounce of powdered myrrh, put into 2 quarts -of alcohol diluted with an equal quantity of water. This mixture should -be well shaken once a day for a fortnight, and be suffered to stand, -in order that the undissolved portion may fall to the bottom. This -constitutes an excellent application for wounds, whether recent or of -long standing and indisposed to heal. It is not only a gentle stimulant -but it forms a thin coat over the wound, and shields it from the action -of the air. - - -ALUM. - -Is occasionally used internally in cases of supurgation, in the form -of alum whey:--two drachms of pulverized alum being put into a pint of -hot milk; yet there are much better astringents. Its principal use is -external. A solution of 2 drachms to a pint of water makes alone, or with -the addition of a small quantity of white vitriol, a very useful wash -for cracked heels, grease and those forms of swelled legs, attended with -moisture through the skin. - - -MURIATIC ACID OR SPIRITS OF SALT. - -This acid is very strong and should be bottled and corked tight. As -soon as it touches any muscular or living part, a change of color is -perceived. It is good for corns, canker thrush, and for every case where -caustic is needed, this acid is unrivalled. - - -MUSTARD. - -This will be found useful in inflammation of the chest or bowels. When -using, it should be well rubbed on. - - -CANTHARIDES. - -Are the basis of the most approved and useful blister. In blistering, -the hair should be cut or rather shaved off close, then rubbing in the -ointment well for at least 15 minutes, repeating it every day until it -does its work. After it has acted you may relieve the torture of the -animal by the application of olive oil or lard. In deep seated sprains -or inflammations, the blister should not be discontinued too hurriedly. -An infusion of 2 ounces of the flies in a pint of oil of turpentine for -several days is used as a liquid blister, and when sufficiently reduced -with common oil, is called a sweating oil, and gradually abates or -removes old or deep inflammation or cause of lameness. - - -CHARCOAL. - -This is occasionally used with linseed meal, for poulticing offensive -ulcers and cracked heels; it removes the unwholesome smell and purifies -the parts so that they heal easily. - - -BALL OR PILLS. - -The usual and most convenient mode of administering medicines, is in -the form of balls compounded with sweet oil. Balls should never weigh -more than 1½ ounces, otherwise they will be so large as not to pass -down the gullet. They should not be more than one inch in diameter, and -three inches in length. The mode of delivering balls is not difficult to -acquire. The horse should be backed in the stall, the tongue drawn out -gently with the left hand on the off side of the mouth, not continuing to -pull, but by pressing the finger against the lower jaw. The ball being -now taken between the tips of the fingers of the right hand, is passed -rapidly up the mouth as near the palate as possible, until it reaches the -root of the tongue. It is then delivered with a slight jerk, the hand -being immediately withdrawn. Its passage should be watched down the left -side of the throat; if it does not pass down a slight tap under the jaw -or chin, will generally cause the horse to swallow it, or a few gulps -of water will convey in into the stomach. Very few balls should be kept -made. - - -CLYSTERS. - -These are useful and too often neglected means of hastening the bowels to -their speedy action, where diseases require it. The old ox bladder filled -and tied on the wooden or elder pipe, answers every purpose for injecting -the fluid into the intestines. For a moderate clyster take 2 ounces of -soft or yellow soap, mix with 1 gallon of warm water; for a more active -clyster take ½ pound epsom salts, dissolve in the same quantity of water. - - -LINSEED. - -An infusion of linseed is often used instead of water for the drink of -a horse with a sore throat, catarrh, disease of the urinary organs, or -of the bowels. Thin gruel is preferable, being as soothing and more -nutritious. Linseed meal makes an excellent poultice for almost any -purpose. - - -DIGITALIS. - -This should be powdered, put into a black bottle, corked tight, and kept -in a dark place. It is one of the most valuable medicines in veterinary -practice, and on account of its action in diminishing the pulse and -general irritability of the system, is very useful in inflammations, &c. -It is usually given in combination with emetic tartar and nitre. The -average dose is 1 drachm of digitalis, 1½ drachms emetic tartar, and 3 -drachms of nitre, repeated twice or three times a day. When the horse -begins to amend the dose must be diminished one-half, and in a few days -it may be omitted altogether, but the emetic tartar and the nitre should -be continued during several days. - - -PITCH. - -Is used in plasters. The best plaster for sand crack consists of 1 pound -of pitch and 1 ounce of yellow beeswax melted together. - - -MASHES. - -Constitute a very important provender in sickness or health. A mash -given occasionally to a horse that is fed on dry meat, prevents him from -becoming dangerously costive. To the over-worked and tired horse, nothing -is so refreshing as a warm mash, with his usual allowance of corn in it. -Mashes are used for putting horses in good order for sale, giving him a -round and plump appearance. They are made by pouring boiling water on -bran, stirring it well; cover over with a cloth, and let it remain until -cool enough for the horse to eat; if in the heat of summer, a cold mash -is preferable,--yet it should be made with hot water, and remain until it -is cold. - - -GINGER. - -Is as valuable as a cordial as the gentian is as a tonic. These are both -valuable in horse powders. - - -FOMENTATIONS. - -Are to open the pores of the skin and promote perspiration in the part, -so as to abate local swellings, relieve pain and lessen inflammation. The -effect depends upon the warmth of the water and not upon any herb that -may have been boiled in it; they are best applied by means of flannel -dipped in the hot water, or on which the water is poured, which should -be as hot as the hand will bear. The fomentation should be continued for -15 or 20 minutes, but if kept on with for half an hour will be better. -The parts fomentated should be wrapped or covered up warm. Great good has -sometimes resulted from fomentations. - - -GENTIAN. - -Stands at the head of vegetable tonics, an infusion of which is one of -the best applications for putrid ulcers known. - - -OPIUM. - -Is the most valuable drug on the list as an anti-spasmodic; it is also a -sedative and astringent. As an anti-spasmodic it enters into the colic -drink; as a sedative it relaxes spasms of the muscular system. Opium -should, however, be given with caution. In the early acute stage of fever -it will be a bad practice to give it even in the smallest quantity. When -the fever has passed it may be given with great benefit. - - -POULTICES. - -Few persons are aware of the value of these simple applications in -abating inflammation, relieving pain, cleansing wounds, and disposing -them to heal. In all inflammations of the foot they are very beneficial, -by softening the horn hardened by the heat of the inflamed foot.--Linseed -meal forms the best general poultice. - - -DRINKS OR DRENCHES. - -A drink is not so portable as a ball; it is more troublesome to -administer, and a portion of it is usually wasted. Medicines given as a -drench will act upon the horse much quicker than when given in balls, but -the great objection is in wasting a portion. Too much of the drink should -not be forced into the horse’s mouth at once, as it will be found very -difficult to make him swallow large quantities; small portions should be -given, which he should be made to swallow before any more is put into the -mouth. - - -TAR. - -Melted with an equal quantity of grease forms the usual stopping of the -farrier. It is warm or slightly stimulant, and is therefore useful in -dressing bruised or wounded feet; it prevents the penetration of dirt and -water to the wounded part; it is also useful in chronic coughs. - - -LINIMENTS. - -Are designed to remove deep seated pain and inflammation, by gently -stimulating the skin. The following is an excellent liniment for old -swellings, sprains, or rheumatism: 2 ounces of hartshorn, 2 ounces -camphorated spirits, 1 ounce oil of turpentine, and ½ ounce of laudanum, -mixed well together; or 1 ounce of camphor may be dissolved in 4 ounces -of sweet oil, to which may be added 1 ounce of oil of turpentine. A -little powdered cantharides or tincture of cantharides or ground mustard, -will render either of these more powerful, or convert it into a liquid -blister. - - -SULPHUR. - -Is the basis of the most effectual application for mange. It is an -excellent alterative, combined usually with antimony and nitre, -particularly for mange, surfeit, grease, hidebound or want of condition, -and it is a useful ingredient in the cough and fever ball. - - -COMMON SALT. - -Is very useful in a clyster. A solution of it has been given as an -aperient drink, sprinkled over hay or in mash, it is very palatable to -sick horses; few things will so soon recall the appetite as a drink -composed of 6 or 8 ounces of salt in solution. Horses in health, it -promotes the digestion of the food. There are few better lotions for -inflamed eyes than a solution of ½ ounce of salt, in 4 pints of water. -An ounce of salt to 8 pints of water is a good embrocation for sore -shoulders and back. - - -TURPENTINE. - -The common liquid turpentine has been described as one of the best -diuretics; for the removal of colic it stands unrivalled; with -cantharides it is the basis of the sweating blister for old sprains and -swellings. - - -CHLORIDE OF LIME. - -This is very good for removing the smell of fistula, withers, poll evil -and ill conditioned wounds and ulcerations. Chloride diluted with twenty -times its quantity of water, and used as a wash for the wounds, will -remove any infection that may lurk about them. One pint of the chloride, -mixed with 3 gallons of water and brushed over the walls, manger and rack -of the foulest stable, will completely remove all infections. - - -GINGER ROOT. - -This is an excellent stimulant. It is useful in loss of appetite and -flatulent colic, while it rouses the intestinal canal to its proper -action. The ginger and gentian powdered is also very much used. Brown -sugar is useful in the loss of appetite. - - -ZINC OR CALAMINE POWDER. - -This made into an ointment is valuable for healing. Take five ounces of -lard, one ounce of rosin, melt them together and when these begin to get -cool, stir in 2 ounces of calamine, finely powdered. If the wound is not -healthy, a small quantity of common turpentine may be added. This salve -justly deserves the name of healing ointment. The calamine is sometimes -sprinkled with advantage on cracked heels. - - -THOMPSON’S NO. 6. - -This is a good carminative for relieving colic, arresting mortification, -and for sprains, rheumatism, pains, &c. As a general stimulant it may be -taken in teaspoonful doses in water and repeated as the case demands. -Take ½ gallon of fourth proof brandy, ½ pound pulverized gum myrrh and ½ -ounce of African pepper, mix and macerate for ten days, when it will be -ready for use. - - - - -LIST OF DOMESTIC MEDICINES RECEIPTS, &c. - - -CEMENT TO MEND GLASS AND CHINA. - -Take 2 pounds good gum, shellac, 2 ounces pulverized borax; put into an -earthen crock, filled half full of water; boil until all is dissolved, -then take out a portion and roll into sticks while hot, on a table or -smooth board. - - -DIRECTIONS FOR USE. - -Heat the edges of the ware over a fire or hot stove, then heat the cement -in the same manner; put the cement on the edges of the ware regularly, -heat it again along the edges and place together as quick as possible, -holding them firm until the cement cools, being careful to put the pieces -together as they came off, so as it will fit nicely. If done properly it -will hold so firm that the ware will break some other place before where -it has been mended. - - -LUNAR CAUSTIC. - -Is very useful in curing bites of rabid dogs, and for removing -ulcerations of any kind. - - -AMERICAN HELEBORE. - -_Medical Properties and Use._ - -This has been tried by many physicians and has proved a valuable remedy -in chronic rheumatism and gout. It is certainly a powerful emetic when -given in large doses, and the effect continues a long time. In over doses -it effects the functions of the brain and nervous system, in a powerful -manner producing giddiness, prostration of strength, &c. It has arrested -the paroxysm of gout and given relief in some unyielding cases of chronic -rheumatism. It requires to be given with great caution and under vigilant -restrictions. The mode of administration is in the form of a tincture. A -saturated tincture is made in wine and 3 parts of this is mixed with 1 -of the wine of opium; of this mixture from 15 to 20 drops. In some cases -however, 1 drachm of the mixture will be required to give relief, which -quantity generally vomits and always gives relief. The proper method of -preparing this tincture is to macerate 8 ounces of the sliced root in -2½ pints of spanish white wine, let it stand for 15 days and filter. -Before given, it must be mixed with one-fourth its quantity of the wine -of opium; from 15 to 60 drops is a dose. In some cases less than the -nauseating point will cure the disease, if not it must be carried to that -point. - - -EMETIC FOR POISON. - -If poison should be administered or swallowed accidentally, take two -tablespoonsful of ground mustard, mixed with warm water, which will -operate as an instantaneous emetic. - - -INDIAN TURNIP. - -_Medical Properties and use._ - -The Indian turnip, when partially dried and grated and mixed with honey, -is good for the coughs of old persons, when there is no fever. It also -enters into many of the cough syrups. - - -SENECA SNAKEROOT. - -In chronic rheumatism it has been of great service by its universal -stimulant and diuretic effects. If however an ounce of the root be -boiled in a pint of water to a strong tea, and all be taken at once, -a violent vomiting, purging and diuresis occurs. The disease has been -known to yield to one dose, but this is a desperate one, and should not -be ventured upon by a person much debilitated; take a wine glass full 3 -times until the water is evacuated in uterine complaints,--especially in -painful menstruation is the seneca a good remedy. Begin one day before -the return of the catatmenia and take it in such portions as the stomach -will bear, every two hours until the flow commences. For this put 1 ounce -of the root in a pint of water, give a small wine glass full every one, -two or three hours. - - -CEMENT FOR GRAFTING. - -Take 1 pound of beeswax, 1 pound of rosin, 1 pound of tallow; put all -into a pan and heat until the ingredients are melted, after cooling it -will be ready for use. When using put a coat of the cement over the -grafted part, thick enough to prevent the rain and air from penetrating. - - -GUAIACUM, AMMONIATED TINCTURE. - -Take 4 ounces powdered gum guaiacum, 1½ pints spirits of amonia, put -them together and let the mixture stand for fourteen days, when it will -be ready for use. Shake the bottle occasionally. This is a celebrated -remedy in the treatment of chronic rheumatism. The dose is from one to -two teaspoonsful three times a day, given in milk or some mucilaginous -tea. The stomach must be well cleaned before the tincture is used, and -the diet light. - - -COMPOUND TINCTURE OF GENTIAN. - -Take of gentian root bruised 2 ounces, orange peel do. 2 ounces, cardamom -seed do. ½ ounce, proof whiskey 1 quart; add the other ingredients to -the whiskey, and shake the bottle once a day for fourteen days, when it -will be ready for use. This is much used in dyspepsia and debilitated -states of the digestive organs. The stomach should be cleaned before it -is given. It is not admissable where there is fever. Dose from one to two -teaspoonsful in water, to be repeated before breakfast, dinner and supper. - - -OINTMENT FOR MILCH SCALD ON THE FACES OF INFANTS. - -Take 6 drachms of beefs marrow, 2 drachms oil of sweet almonds, 1 drachm -red peruvian bark, powdered, mix and melt over a slow fire. Apply every -day, washing it off every morning with mild soap. - - -SIMPLE TINCTURE OF RHUBARB. - -Take of best Turkey rhubarb 3 ounces and pulverize, good whiskey 1 quart, -add the rhubarb to the whiskey and shake it every day for a week, then -let it stand ten days and filter through paper, or let it stand without -filtering. From a tea spoonful to a large table spoonful is a dose -according to the age of the person and nature of the case. It is a good -purgative in costive habits. Take it at bed time in sweetened water. - - -SIMPLE SYRUP OF RHUBARB. - -Take of best Turkey rhubarb 2 ounces, water 1 pint, macerate the rhubarb -in the water warm for twenty-four hours; strain off, add 2 pounds -of refined white sugar and simmer until they are well mixed, add 2 -tablespoonsful of whiskey, stop it tight in a bottle for use. This is a -good medicine for infants in teaspoonful doses. - - -AMERICAN COLUMBO. - -_Medical Properties and Use._ - -This is a mild tonic, calculated to meet the indications alike with -the other bitters of its class. It is a very good and pleasant tonic -in indigestion and dyspepsia, improving the appetite and digestion. It -is given in infusion and in substance--1 ounce of the pulverized root -infused in a pint of boiling water. A small wine glass full of the -infusion may be taken once in 2 hours, or from thirty to sixty grains -of the pulverized substance, in sweetened water, from 3 to 5 times a -day; but the most common way of using the columbo is in combination -with other tonics, such as gentian, orange peel, and columbo, of each 1 -ounce powdered, then add to them 1 quart of whiskey, of which bitters -a tablespoonful may be taken in water three times a day, as a tonic in -cases of debility. - - -BLACK ALDER. - -The berries of this plant are sometimes used, but the bark is the proper -medicinal part of the shrub. It is best adapted to the cure of flabby, -ill-conditioned ulcers and mortifications, in which a strong decoction -is freely used with great benefit. It should be given internally several -times a day, as well as applied as a wash and poultice to the parts. A -saturated tincture, both of the bark and berries is used internally. - - -THE PRICKLEY ASH. - -_Its Medical Properties and Use._ - -The prickley ash has a good reputation in the United States as a remedy -in chronic rheumatism. In that disease its operation seems analogous to -that of mazorion and guaiacum, which it nearly resembles in its sensible -properties. Many physicians place so much confidence in it that it is -generally kept by the apothecaries. It is most frequently given in -decoction--an ounce being boiled in a quart of water and taken in small -quantities, frequently repeated. Dr. George Hayward, of Boston, took it -in his own case of chronic rheumatism with evidently good effect; he -took a pint of the decoction a day, diluted with water so as to weaken -its pungency. The powdered bark may be taken in doses of from 10 to 20 -grains, and frequently repeated. Dr. Bigelow says it is also given with -good effect in cases of old indolent sores; it is given internally and -applied to the sore in the form of a wash. Doctors Barton and Thatcher -both speak highly of this medicine. - - -AMERICAN GENTRAURY. - -_Its Medical Properties and Use._ - -Every part of this plant is a pure and very strong bitter. It is used in -form of tea or tincture and is good for ague and fever. It was used in -the yellow fever at Philadelphia with good effect. It may be given even -when the fever is on, in such quantities as the stomach will bear. It -is not apt to nauseate and is an excellent tonic for the stomach, which -improves the appetite and promotes digestion. It is highly recommended -by Drs. Barton, Chapman and Elliott, all of whom are physicians of high -respectability. - - -DANDELINE. - -Has been much employed in Germany and the United States, and is certainly -a valuable remedy in chronic diseases of the liver and the digestive -organs generally. It is also a good remedy in diseases of the spleen. It -is beneficial in consumption and as a general alterative when combined -with sarsaparilla, and invaluable in scrofula. One ounce of the fresh -root, or ½ ounce of the dried, and the same quantity of sarsaparilla put -into a pitcher and a pint of boiling water poured on it at night, to be -used at pleasure next day, so that all is taken before bed time, or as -much more as the stomach will bear. This repeated for a month, produces a -fine effect on the system, when the blood needs purifying or in cases of -chronic affections of the liver. - - -BLOOD ROOT OR PERCOON ROOT. - -_Medical Properties and Use._ - -The blood root is an active emetic and cathartic, which acts finely on -the liver. It has been given in pneumonia, catarrh, whooping cough, -croup, consumption, rheumatism, jaundice and dropsy of the chest. For -rheumatism, it may be given in 2 or 3 grain pills, 3 or 4 times a day. -It is an effectual remedy for the yellow water in horses: 3 or 4 ounces -of the fresh root may be bruised and a pint of water added, the juice of -which should be squeezed out for a drench; 1 or 2 doses will cure. It -purges the horse freely. The tincture is often used: 2 ounces of the root -to a quart of spirits makes the tincture, ½ an ounce of which is a dose -for an adult. - - -BONESET OR THOROUGHWORT. - -_Medical Properties and Use._ - -Thoroughwort is tonic, diaphoretic, and in large doses emetic and -purgative. It is good in intermittent fevers to break the chill, if given -in large doses in the form of warm tea as the chill comes on; in less -doses a little warm it will sweat the patient freely; in large draughts -taken cold it acts as a tonic and prevents the return of the chill. It -is good in pleurisy as a sweat or in heavy colds; it is also good when -made into a syrup for bad coughs, and in some forms of consumption, -where the patient is weak and the skin hot and dry. It grows in almost -every part of the United States, but mostly in the Western and Southern -divisions, and should be gathered in September. Every part of the plant -is medicinal, but the leaves and flowers are best. It should always be -given in the form of a tea. - - -BITTER ROOT OR SILKWEED. - -_Medical Properties and Use._ - -The root is the part used in the form of bitters in asthma and catarrh, -also coughs and dyspepsia and in rheumatism. It may be taken in the form -of bitters in quantities sufficient to purge gently and freely, or in -powder in 20 grain doses, 3 times a day, or it may be given in strong -infusion, 1 ounce of the root to a pint of water and drink in such doses -as the stomach will bear. - - -PLEURISY ROOT. - -_Medical Properties and Use._ - -It has long been employed by the regular medical faculty as a valuable -medicine in pleurisy, catarrh, pneumonia, consumption and other diseases -of the breast, and is evidently useful in all these cases. It is good in -acute rheumatism and dyspepsia. It may be given in the form of a strong -tea, or in powder; if in powder from 20 to 60 grains may be given several -times a day, in sweetened water. - - -EXTEMPORE GASEOUS CHALYBEATE WATER. - -Take of pure sulphate of iron 2 drachms, white sugar 3 drachms, -pulverize, mix and divide into 12 powders. Then take of super carbonate -of soda 2 drachms, white sugar three drachms, mix and divide into 12 -powders. Mix one of each of the powders separately in half a tumblerful -of water, pour together and drink while effervescing. This is a pleasant -drink and a good tonic for a weak stomach. - - -GENTIAN. - -_Medical Properties and Use._ - -Gentian possesses in a high degree the tonic properties which -characterize the simple bitters. It excites the appetite, invigorates the -powers of digestion. It may be used in all cases of disease depending -upon pure debility of the digestive organs, or requiring a general tonic -impression; as dyspepsia, gout, difficult menstruations, hysteria, -scrofula, intermittent fever, diarrhœa, and worms. It is given in the -form of infusion or tincture. The dose in infusion is a wine glassful 3 -or 4 times a day. Infuse ½ ounce of the powdered root in a pint of water. -A tea spoonful of the tincture may be given as often in a little water. - - -RATTLEWEED ROOT. - -This unites with a tonic power the property of stimulating the -secretions, particularly those of the skin, kidneys and mucus membrane -of the lungs. Its medical properties are found in its salutary effects -upon the nervous system, in neuralgia of the heart, in sciatica, and in -other forms of rheumatism. It is equal if not superior to the colchicum -in rheumatism, and far superior to it in neuralgia of any description. I -have used it extensively in those cases, and with the happiest effects. -I cured myself of a severe sciatica in twenty-four hours with it, but -the dose was too large, producing violent sickness, great prostration, -nausea, vomiting and profuse perspiration. I took 3 or 4 drachms of the -saturated tincture at one dose; but it effects the cure completely when -properly prepared. It acts upon the stomach and bowels powerfully, and -its full effects are not obtained until it purges freely. The following -is the best formula for its preparation. - - ½ pound powdered root, - 1 pint alcohol. - -Mix and macerate for 20 days and filter. One tea spoonful should be -taken 3 times a day, in sweetened water, which may be increased or -diminished so as to produce 3 or 4 operations on the bowels in 24 hours. -I have seen some persons that it would not purge. It sometimes produces -vertigo before it begins to operate, but these symptoms will all subside -after the purging commences, yet it will cure if it does not purge. -Several cases of Vitus’ Dance are recorded by Dr. Jesse Young, in which -it performed cures after other remedies had failed.--It is usually -administered in decoction by those living in the country. One ounce of -the powdered root is boiled in a pint of water for a few minutes, and -a small wine glassful given from 3 to 5 times a day according to its -effects. - - -PIPSISSEWAY OR WINTER GREEN. - -This is an evergreen found in pine woods and in light shady soils in all -parts of the United States, which blossoms in mid summer. The whole plant -has rather a pungent and bitter taste. - -_Medical Properties and Use._ - -It is diuretic and tonic and is useful in all eruptive forms of diseases, -especially in scrofula and cancer. A strong decoction may be made of -the leaves and twigs, and a gill taken 3 times a day. Many cures of old -ulcers, sore throats and like affections have been ascribed to the use -of the pipsisseway. A decoction made of the leaves and given in small -portions is excellent for colic in children. For grown persons it should -be put in good rye whiskey, which, if made strong will seldom fail to -cure the severest cases of colic and cramps. The pipsisseway put into -whiskey and distilled the same as Wickey’s cholera medicine is much -better. Dose for an adult is from 1 to 3 tablespoonsful, for children -from 10 drops to a teaspoonful. - - -TO THE CONSUMER. - -If you want to save money never buy your castor oil by the bottle, but -buy a pint of oil of some honest druggist, and you will then be able to -perceive the difference. If put up in bottles it will cost you from 50 -to 62½ cents; by the pint it may cost you 31 cents per pint. This is a -great saving, as the article is always needed in a family. Never buy any -other medicine or any thing that goes by measurement in small quantities, -and especially such articles as come into every day use. Paying from 40 -to 100 per cent. more for domestic articles will amount to a considerable -sum in 5 or 10 years. Some persons may say: “I am too poor and cannot -spare the money.” That kind of argument will not hold good. By saving 50 -or 100 per cent. is the means to make you able. Try the experiment and -you will soon be convinced; money is worth but 6 per cent. - - -FOR PICKLING PEARS. - -Take 1 pound of sugar to one quart of vinegar; 6 pounds of pears, peeled -and quartered; ½ ounce of cinnamon bark, broken in small pieces; ½ -ounce of cloves. Dissolve the sugar in the vinegar, then put the pears, -cinnamon and cloves into a pot or crock, pour over the vinegar and -boil all together until the pears become soft, and you have a pickel -far superior to any preserves. This is worth giving a trial. Should the -pears be too sweet, add a little vinegar at any time, heating after the -addition. - - -ON THE PRESERVATION OF HEALTH. - -As this work is designed for the benefit of families as well as other -purposes, it is hoped that a chapter on the preservation of the health -of young girls will not be out of place. What we design to say in this -chapter, will be applicable to the girl of ten years and upwards. It -is the duty of the mother or guardian so to direct the conduct of -the daughter that she may enjoy the blessings of life, and become a -useful member of society. But in order to lay the foundation of future -usefulness, the health should be well guarded in early life. Much of -course depends upon a good constitution, and strict attention should -be paid to its development and preservation. The child at an early age -should be guarded against all that would tend to weaken or derange this -desirable attribute of the human system. - -Exposure is one of the principal sources of injury to the constitution, -and therefore the clothing should always be adapted to the season of -the year, and the temperature of the air, whether children are at home -or abroad. Girls are generally clothed sufficiently warm while at home, -but when they are going from home, they change their warm apparel for -thinner and cooler garments. They are often allowed to expose themselves -to the chilling blasts of winter, with their arms naked, their breasts -and shoulders exposed, and their feet clad with thin stockings and -shoes, in the place of those just laid aside, which were warm and -comfortable.--This is a practice that cannot be too much deprecated, -being one of the great evils of dress and fashion, upon whose altar -thousands have been sacrificed. How many do we find in these days with -enlarged tonsils and broken croaking voices, the fruits of exposure and -nothing else? - -The practice of tight lacing is another fruitful cause of destruction -of health and broken-down constitutions. Young girls should not lace at -all--an easy smooth jacket to make the dress fit smoothly is all they -should wear. Are we asked why lacing is injurious? We answer, first, the -ribs are soft and very elastic and the cartilages that join them to the -breast bone are softer than the ribs. If then a jacket or corset be laced -around the ribs or chest, so as to prevent a free and full play of the -ribs at every inspiration, in the same proportion is the cavity of the -chest diminished, and consequently the lungs are deprived of a certain -amount of atmospheric air, in proportion to the contraction of the ribs, -produced by the laced jacket or corset. Thus the order of nature is -deranged and the system is deprived of that due proportion of oxygen -which is necessary to health, the vitality of blood and the vigor and -proper proportions of the system. One of the consequences of tight lacing -therefore is, that the lungs are prevented from discharging a due portion -of carbonic acid gas from the blood, and receiving in lieu therefor of -due proportion of oxygen from the atmosphere. Hence the person looks -pale, the lips assume a blue or purplish color, the breathing is labored, -the breast heaves and the circulation is prevented from going on as -freely as it should. The small air vessels of the lungs are partially -obliterated, they become diseased in their action and tubercles form in -them or the lungs; these remain to become in a few years the seeds of an -incurable consumption. - -Again: The free action of the heat is prevented by tight lacing and the -consequence is it labors like a dying man, but in vain--it cannot get -relieved from its fetters. The blood is prevented from flowing with that -freedom and ease which are essential to the well being of the system, -and the violent exertions which the heart must make in order to carry -on the circulation, become the cause of disease in that organ, which -perhaps can never be cured. Another evil of lacing: The stomach is always -included in the deadly grasp of the corset. The lower floating ribs are -forced to take the place the stomach should occupy in part; the skirts -are compelled to grow too narrow, the liver is also pressed too closely -and the stomach is bound as with a cord. The gastric juice is partly -prevented from secreting and that which is secreted is unhealthy, the -ducts of the liver and pancreatic gland are prevented from performing -their healthy functions and consequently the food is not taken in due -quantity to nourish the system, and what is taken is not properly -digested, for the want of a free and healthy action of the digestive -functions. Dyspepsia is the result,--a feeble and finally a destroyed -constitution. For all the powers of nature must act freely and naturally, -or a sound constitution and good health can never be enjoyed. - -Nothing is so fascinating to an intellectual young man as a well -cultivated mind, a rosy cheek, an intellectual eye, and a corresponding -expression of countenance; these you cannot have if you suppress any of -the healthy functions of the system. Exercise is another essential item -to promote the health of girls, and this they should be allowed to take -freely. At an early age, let them run and play, jump the rope, throw -the hoop, leap and skip; for free exercise gives freedom to the muscles -and joints and strengthens the nerves, all of which are necessary for -the building up of a good constitution. Girls should be allowed to -sleep one-third of their time or eight hours in twenty-four, and when -younger--they should sleep more. The young of all the animal creation -require more sleep than those that are fully grown: girls, therefore, -should retire early that they may obtain sleep enough; rise early and -enjoy the benefit of the morning air, which is bracing to their systems. -After children are ten years old, they should not sleep more than two -in a bed, and there should not be more than two beds in a room, unless -the room be very large and well ventilated. Girls should rise early and -air and set their rooms in order; they should use free ablution of cold -water over their breasts and arms, especially as far as they are in the -habit of exposing them to the air, as this will prevent their taking -cold as easily as they otherwise would. The diet of children should be -plain and simple, as their digestive powers are not as strong as those -of grown persons. The quantity should always be proportioned to the age -and strength of the child. Much mischief is done by letting children -eat too much. They should be allowed full time to eat and be taught to -chew their victuals well. They should be taught to eat any thing that -is common, so that they may appear easy at table at all times, and make -their friends so likewise. Frequent bathing is of great service to youth; -it invigorates the constitution and gives a fine complexion. The bath -may be changed according to the season; it may be cold, tepid or salt. -When the cold bath is used, either fresh or salt, the skin should be -well rubbed with a coarse towel, as well before they go into the bath, -as after they come out. When children are healthy liquid food is as a -general rule, better for them than solid food, because it supplies more -blood, and this is needed to form and build up the solids, but they -should be allowed some of both. - -Children should always take light suppers and light breakfasts. Their -dinner should be of more substantial food and taken freely. But they -should never be allowed to eat in haste, as nothing aids the powers of -digestion more than the perfect mastication of food. - - -HEALTH. - -ITS VALUE, CONDITIONS, PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION. - -Health consists in the vigorous and normal or constitutional action of -all the physical organs and functions. Life consists in precisely the -same action: in proportion to the vigor of this action is the amount of -both health and life, but in proportion as the physical functions are -enfeebled or diseased, is health enfeebled and life diminished. But in -proportion as we improve our health do we thereby increase life itself. -Viewed in any and every aspect, health is life and life is health. By as -much therefore as life is valuable should health be preserved if good and -restored if feeble. - -Health is the great seasoner or relish of all our blessings; nor is it -possible to enjoy the latter except by means of the former: without -health what can we be? What can we do?--What can we enjoy? For other -things being equal, our capabilities of accomplishing and enjoying are -proportioned to our health and diminished by disease. If we possessed -all the wealth, and all the honors, and all the blessings mortals can -possess, we could enjoy them only in proportion as we had health, and -their value would be diminished just in proportion to its decline. -Suppose we were sick and our appetite thereby destroyed, the richest food -and most delicious fruits, instead of rendering us happy would nauseate -us. How different if we were healthy. How a good appetite, the produce -of health, would enjoy them. Well might the glutted alderman offer a -ragged boy a guinea for his appetite for breakfast. The rich invalid is -poor, but he who is healthy is rich, because his fund of life and his -capacities for enjoyment are proportionally great. Reader, if brought to -the brink of the grave, your last hour come, what would you give? What -that you possessed would you not give for another year of life and its -pleasures? Astor’s thirty millions would be cheap. To impair health in -obtaining any amount of earthly goods is a dear exchange, since then to -preserve or regain health is to preserve, prolong or regain life itself, -and to impair the former is to destroy the latter and its pleasures, -as well as hasten death; and since the value of life so infinitely -surpasses that of all other earthly blessings, what consummate folly to -trifle with health on any account. Then how much more foolish and even -wicked virtually to throw it away for nothing, in our eager pursuit -of those trifling objects, wealth, honors, and the like, which mainly -engrosses mankind? What, sacrifice life upon the altar of mammon? For be -it remembered, that no human being can impair his health at any period -of his life, without proportionally shortening his days; without being -brought to a strict account at the close of life, and he compelled to -end it as much sooner than he otherwise would, as he has injured his -health during his whole lifetime. Let me urge upon you the infinite -importance of preserving your health. This effectually done, millions -of money bestowed on each reader could not equally benefit you, because -of the incomparable greater value of health than money. Let your own -experience testify. Which of you has not, some time or some how, induced -debility or pain in one portion of your system or another, which will -cripple you for life. A foolish ambition breaks down the constitution of -an incalculable number of our youths, unwilling to be outdone they will -work at the top of their strength as long as they can stand, perhaps -over heat themselves, or in a single day or week bring on some complaint -which debilitates them for life, and carries them to a premature grave. -An ambitious youth wishing to show his employers what a great day’s work -he could do, shovelled till he lamed his side, so that for fifteen years -he has been a partial invalid, cannot do any kind of work, nor more than -half the amount he formerly did, besides working in almost perpetual -pain. Nor is this the half; whatever enfeebles the health enfeebles the -mind by weakening and disordering the brain. So perfectly are body and -brain inter related, that all the conditions of either react upon each -other; whatever augments the health, strengthens the body and thereby -invigorates both the brain and the mind. What is the true value of the -mind? How much could you afford to give for double the amount you now -possess? Neither money nor any thing else can measure its value. To -improve our minds is the most effectual mode possible of augmenting all -the capabilities, all the pleasure, all the virtue of this life, and -ripening for another, and hence should be the paramount business of our -whole lives. Health allows you to be always on hand for business, from -which sickness takes you and compels you to entrust its management to -others, always disastrous, or cuts off your wages if a laborer, creates -large doctors, nurses and a host of other incidental bills, and occasions -a great variety of pecuniary losses. So measurably if any member of your -family is sick, especially a wife. How many, reader, if they and their -families had always been well, would have been rich who are now poor? -Considered which ever way you will, to preserve the health if it be good, -and if poor to regain and then preserve, should be the paramount business -of life, should take precedence over all others, and be our first great -concern. Come then readers one and all and let us make it our permanent -business to preserve and augment our health; let us allow ourselves to do -nothing that shall impair it; let us make and take time to do every thing -in our power to invigorate it. - - -HOW TO PROLONG LIFE. - -The following should be carefully perused especially by the young. Are -there any among you my young friends, who desire to preserve your health -and cheerfulness through life, and at length arrive at a good old age? If -so listen to what I am about to tell you. - -A considerable time ago I read in one of the newspapers of the day, that -a man had died near London at the advanced age of 110 years, that he had -never been ill, and that he had maintained through life, a cheerful, -happy temperament. I wrote immediately to London to know if in the man’s -treatment of himself there had been any peculiarity which had rendered -his life lengthened and so happy, and the answer I received was as -follows: - -“He was unusually kind and obliging to every body; he quarreled with no -one; he ate and drank merely that he might not suffer from hunger or -thirst and never beyond what necessity required; from his earliest youth -he never allowed himself to be unemployed; these were the only means he -used.” - -I took a note of this in a little book where I generally write all that -I am anxious to remember, and very soon afterwards I observed in another -paper that a woman had died near Stockholm at 115 years of age; that she -never was ill, and was always of a contented disposition. I immediately -wrote to Stockholm to learn what means the old woman had used for -preserving her health, and now read the answer: - -“She always had a great love of cleanliness, and in the daily habit -of washing her face, hands and feet in cold water, and as often as -opportunity offered she bathed in the same.--She never ate or drank any -delicacies or sweet-meats, seldom coffee, seldom tea, and never wine.” - -Of these likewise I took a note in my little book. Sometime after -this I read that near St. Petersburg, a man died who had enjoyed good -health until he was 120 years old. Again I took my pen and wrote to St. -Petersburg, and here is the answer: - -“He was an early riser, and never slept beyond seven hours at a time; -he never was idle; he employed himself chiefly in the open air, and -particularly in his garden; whether he walked or sat in his chair he -never permitted himself to sit awry or in a bent posture, but was always -perfectly straight. The luxurious and effeminate habits of citizens he -held in contempt.” - -After having read all this from my little book I said to myself: “you -will be a foolish man indeed not to profit by the example and experience -of these old people.” I then wrote out all that I had been able to -discover about these happy old people upon a card, which I suspended over -my writing desk, so that I might always have it before my eyes to remind -me what to do, and from what I should refrain. Every morning and evening -I read over the contents of my card and obliged myself to conform to its -rules. - -And now my dear young readers, I can assure you on the word of an honest -man, that I am much happier and in better health than I used to be. -Formerly I had the headache every day and now I suffer scarcely once in -three or four months. Before I began these rules I hardly dare to venture -out in the rain or snow without catching cold. In former times a walk of -half an hour’s length fatigued and exhausted me, now I walk miles without -weariness. Imagine then the happiness I experience, for there are few -feelings so cheering to the spirits as those of constant good health and -vigor. But, alas! there is something in which I cannot imitate these -happy old people, and that is I have not been accustomed to all this from -my youth. Oh! that I were young again that I might imitate them in all -things; that I might be happy and long-lived as they were. - -Little children who read this, you are the fortunate ones who are able -to adopt in perfection this kind of life. What then prevents your living -henceforward as healthful and happily as the old woman of Stockholm or as -long and useful as the old men of London and St. Petersburg. - - -LIQUID OPODELDOC. - -Take ½ pint 95 per cent. alcohol, 1 ounce camphor, ½ pint turpentine; -dissolve the camphor in the alcohol; then add the turpentine. For -rheumatism, head ache, sore throat, old strains, swellings, cramps, -numbness, stiffness, weakness, pains in the joints, corns, slight burns, -frost bitten feet, &c. - - -DIRECTIONS FOR USE. - -Rub it well on the part affected with your hand or a piece of muslin, -night and morning, and if convenient, at noon. In obstinate cases avoid -as much as possible exposure to a damp atmosphere, to the extremes of -heat and cold. Keep the feet dry and comfortable, and be temperate in -eating and drinking. For corns, lay a piece of flannel on them and -moisten occasionally with the opodeldoc, avoid tight shoes. Travellers -and families ought always to keep a bottle by them; it only requires a -trial to prove its efficacy; keep the bottle closely stopped. In some -cases of rheumatism and other affections, if a piece of flannel be worn -over the part, relief will be obtained sooner. - - -DR. WICKEY’S CHOLERA MEDICINE. - - Take 2 ounces Formentilla, - “ 2 “ Devil Bit, - “ 2 “ Bimbornella, - “ 2 “ Bistorda, - “ 2 “ Angelica, - “ 2 “ Gentiana, - “ 2 “ Zedary, - “ 2 “ Valerian, - “ 2 “ Elecampane, - “ 2 “ Calamos, - “ 2 “ Rue or other bitter herb. - -Pulverize these as fine as possible, put them into one gallon of French -brandy of the best quality, or best fourth-proof old rye whiskey; brandy -is best--put the whole into a bottle or jar--a bottle is best if one can -be had large enough at the top, which must be closed; then place the -bottle or jar in the sand, which should be at least two inches deep at -the bottom of the kettle or crock; fill in sand to come above the drugs -when settled, and put under it a slow fire, so as to keep it warm but -not to boil. Let it digest for fourteen days and filter the whole of it -through fine flannel several times, so as to separate the drugs well; -then put in each gallon 2 ounces spirits of camphor and 2 ounces spirits -saffron, when it will be ready for use. - - -DIRECTIONS FOR USE. - -For preventing cholera: first take one tablespoonful in the morning, -fasting on cold water, one at noon, and one at night. Second, for an -attack or symptoms take from 2 to 3 tablespoonsful every 5, 10 or 15 -minutes, as the case may require, until relieved, when the doses may be -lessened, or not so often. Let the patient go to bed and keep warm and -quiet as possible until relieved. Third, for the third stage or relapse, -vomiting and pain in the stomach, take from 2 to 4 tablespoonsful every 5 -or 10 minutes, as the case may be, until relieved or thrown into a sweat; -cover up warm, and if cold apply plenty of hot bricks or bottles with hot -water in, to the feet, hands, body, &c. mustard plaster on the stomach, -rubbing with the hand, some stimulant, as not a moment’s time should -be lost when the cold chill comes on. Fourth stage or relapse, attended -with cold sweats and rice water discharges, take large doses every 3 or -5 minutes; continue until the patient becomes warm and easier. No time -should be lost at this stage of the disease. Apply hot bricks, bottles, -&c. as before directed; when relieved the doses may be less and not so -often--say from ½ hour to 6 hours; continue 3 or 4 days as the case may -require, and do not fail to keep the patient warm, &c. - -For bilious or cramp colic, cholera morbus, flux, bilious fever, &c. -administer doses as above. Let the patient go to bed and keep as quiet -as possible until relieved. In severe cases of cholera morbus, a mustard -plaster should be placed over the stomach, which must be kept on as long -as it can be borne. Travellers and families should not be without this -medicine, as it as considered by all who have used it to be the safest -and surest remedy for the above disease ever introduced. Take a friend’s -advice and never be without this remedy, as it was never known to fail -in curing what it is recommended to do. Give it a fair trial, and its -efficacy will soon be seen. By strictly obeying the directions it is -perfectly safe and harmless; it is also good in sick stomachs, &c. - -This medicine, when persevered in according to directions, will -effectually cure cholera in all its stages, and all that it is -recommended to do, which can be attested by certificates from many -persons. By adding the tincture of cayenne you will find this medicine -effectual in cramp colic; add the tincture until as strong as it can be -taken. - -To be more plain and simple,--in making of the cholera medicine, if in -the summer you can set the bottle or jar in the sun, which should be when -the sun is very warm, letting it remain some 3 or 4 weeks--the longer you -distil, the better the medicine. If in the winter season, you can place -your crock on the top of the stove, keeping the fire regular, so as not -to boil--if you distil until reduced one-third, it will be much stronger -and better. - - -CERTAIN REMEDY FOR RHEUMATISM. - -Take of sarsaparilla root, coltsfoot root, or wild ginger root, sassafras -root, dogwood root, yellow poplar root, prickley ash root, spicewood -root, one handful of each, when dried, as much as you can hold in one -hand; cut the bark off of the roots and pulverize as fine as you can, -except the sarsaparilla, which must be cut in very small pieces; then put -the whole in one gallon of best fourth-proof old rye whiskey, and let it -stand for 1 or 2 weeks; but should you wish to use immediately, set the -vessel containing the ingredients on the stove, and keep just warm for 2 -or 3 days, when it will be fit for use. - - -DIRECTIONS FOR USE. - -Take from 1 to 3 tablespoonsful 3 times a day, one hour before meals. It -may be taken 5 or 6 times a day provided it does not affect the nerves -too much. It is perfectly safe and has cured more cases of rheumatism -than any other remedy introduced. - -I will cite one or two cases where it effected complete cures: Mr. Joshua -Deer, who had been in a most helpless condition for a long time, and -had tried many other remedies in vain, was cured in five days after he -commenced using it, so as to be able to take a ride on horseback, which -can be certified by a number of persons living in the neighborhood. Any -one doubting the above, can have it proven to their satisfaction by -addressing Ezra Deer, or Henry Gross, who was cured by it in less time. - -Let it be understood that there never was a preparation that would -cure all cases: no, not one-fourth, therefore I have given a number of -preparations, so that if one fail, others may prove efficacious, though -the above remedy occupies the head of the list in our own estimation. -Never give up any one remedy until you have given it a fair trial. “He -that holds out faithfully shall be saved.” - -This medicine can be distilled the same as the cholera medicine, bottled -up and kept for years. Mr. Joshua Deer, was cured with the distilled. -Henry Gross and others used it in liquor. You must keep from labor and -exposure, while using the above and be careful not to eat any thing -greasy, or that which will not agree with you. - - -FOR RHEUMATISM. - -Take 1 ounce of saltpetre, 1 quart of ale--if ale cannot be had take -whiskey or water--dissolve the saltpetre in the ale. - - -DIRECTIONS FOR USE. - -Take 1 wine glassful before breakfast, 1 before dinner, 1 before going -to bed, and continue until relieved. Should the second quart do no good, -stop taking it. You must keep from labor and exposure while using the -above. Mr. Dill was cured by this remedy, who had suffered for more than -a year constantly. - - -FOR RHEUMATISM. - -Take 1 ounce of sulphur, 1¼ ounces of saltpetre, ½ ounce of gum guscomb, -2 nutmegs, the whole to be finely pulverized, to which add 12 ounces of -molasses. - - -DIRECTIONS FOR USE. - -Take 1 tea spoonful every night before going to bed, but if it should act -too free on the bowels, the quantity must be diminished. - - -LINIMENT FOR RHEUMATISM. - -Take 1 ounce of spirits of camphor, 1 ounce turpentine, 1 ounce sweet -oil, 1 drachm oil of juniper, 1 drachm carbonate of hartshorn, mix these -perfectly, and apply three times a day, rubbing it in by the stove or -fire with the palm of the hand for 15 minutes. - - -LINIMENT FOR RHEUMATISM - -Take 2 ounces of saltpetre, 2 ounces spirits of hartshorn, 8 ounces of -sweet oil. Pulverize the saltpetre as fine as possible, and mix with -the spirits of hartshorn, letting it dissolve, then add the sweet oil. -Bathe and rub in with the palm of the hand for 15 minutes, at the fire -or stove, wrap with flannel if possible. If not strong enough you may -add hartshorn, if too strong add sweet oil. This is considered the best -liniment ever introduced for the purpose. Use freely. - - -LINIMENT FOR RHEUMATISM OR NEURALGIA. - -Take 8 cayenne pepper pods, and 1 pint of whiskey, boil over a fire -until it is reduced to one-half the quantity, when it will be ready for -use. Bathe the parts affected with the liniment three times a day. This -liniment has often relieved where other remedies have failed. - - -NERVE AND BONE LINIMENT. - -For Swellings, Bruises, Chapped Hands, Frosted Feet, Rheumatism, Cuts, -Burns, Mosquito Bites, Stings, Pains in the Limbs, Back, Chest, &c. Take -1 ounce spirits of hartshorn, 1 ounce spirits camphor, 1 ounce saltpetre, -1 tea spoonful sweet oil, 2 teaspoonsful laudanum; put all into a -bottle, shake and mix well and it is ready for use. Bathe in at a fire -3 tablespoonsful 3 times a day, rubbing with the hand for 15 minutes. -Put the liniment into a bottle, and keep it corked tight. Never pour out -more than one table spoonful at a time, being careful to keep the bottle -corked tight. This liniment is far superior to any other in use, and you -can make as much for 10 cents as you generally buy for 50 cents. Try the -experiment and see for yourself. - -The spirits of camphor is made by mixing 1½ ounces of gum camphor with ½ -pint of 95 per cent. alcohol. Put into a bottle and let them dissolve, -shake occasionally, after which it will be ready for use. - -The spirits of saltpetre is made by taking 2 ounces pulverized saltpetre -put into a bottle, then add 2 ounces spirits of hartshorn, and let it -remain half a day, shaking frequently, then add scant ½ pint 95 per cent. -alcohol, shake and let it dissolve, when it will be fit for use. For -rheumatism add more hartshorn, and bathe the parts affected well. - - -OINTMENT FOR GOUT AND RHEUMATISM. - -The chloride of gold made into an ointment with lard is said to speedily -relieve the pains of the gout or rheumatism. It stains the skin purple, -which can be easily removed by washing it with urine. - - -FOR RHEUMATISM. - -Take 2 balsam apples, put into ½ gallon of good fourth proof whiskey in a -jug and let it stand for a week or ten days, shaking occasionally. Dose, -one wine glassful three times a day. Keep from exposure while using and -eat nothing greasy or that disagrees with the stomach. This has cured -where other remedies have failed, and should the first ½ gallon not -entirely cure, use the second immediately. - - -EFFECTUAL CURE FOR RHEUMATISM. - -The following receipt, given by an Englishman to a respectable tradesman -of Limerick, (Ireland,) who had for a considerable time labored under the -most violent rheumatic pains in all his limbs and joints, having been -used by him as directed but 5 or 6 times, as he states, eradicated the -disease completely. Anxious that so effectual a remedy should be made -publicly known we publish the recipe: - -Take 1 ounce of sulphur, 1¼ ounces of saltpetre, 1½ ounces gum guscomb, -2 nutmegs; the whole to be finely powdered in a mortar and 12 ounces of -molasses. A tea spoonful to be taken every night on going to bed; should -it operate too much on the bowels, a smaller quantity is to be taken. - - -PLASTER FOR RHEUMATISM. - -Or Pains in the Back, &c. It is said to be a certain cure. Take 1 pound -of rosin and melt it over a slow fire, then add ½ pint of tar pouring in -slowly, stirring all the time; when it is well mixed pour all into cold -water, and work it well with your hands. As soon as it is cool and stiff -enough, spread it on a linen rag and apply it to the affected part. The -plaster should be a little larger than the pain extends--if you put the -plaster on sheep skin it will be better. This is sure to give relief. - - -TO MAKE HONEY WITHOUT BEES. - -Take 8 pounds best brown sugar, 1½ pounds rendered honey, 1 ounce cream -of tartar, 4 drops essence of wintergreen, 2 drops essence of peppermint, -2 ounces best molasses, 3 parts of a pint pure cold water, dissolve the -cream of tartar, then put all in a tin or bell metal vessel, let boil -gently 6 or 8 minutes, stirring and mixing occasionally; then beat up the -white of 2 eggs into a foam, and stir them in, and when nearly cool stir -in 2 pounds more of bees honey; skim off whatever may rise to the top. -If you want it nice and clean, strain it through a coarse cloth as soon -as you have the eggs stirred in.--If you strain it put in the 2 lbs. of -honey after it is strained. This makes an excellent honey. The addition -of the eggs is simply to give it the appearance of having combs in it, -but can be left out if you wish. The same honey may be used for the -second making. - - -JUDKIN’S OINTMENT. - -Take 1 pound of red lead, ¾ pound rosin, 1 pint linseed oil, 3 -tablespoonsful lamp black, 2 ounces British oil, ½ ounce sugar of lead -finely pulverized. Boil this over a slow fire one hour, then add 1 -pint more of linseed oil, and boil another hour, when done add ½ pint -of turpentine while cooling off, stir and mix well, do not put the -turpentine in when first taken off the fire. Let it cool 5 minutes, then -pour in the turpentine slowly, stirring well. Should it catch on fire -while pouring in the turpentine, put a lid or cover over the vessel -immediately to smother the fire. There is no danger in making if careful, -as it will be easily smothered. Pour out into a new earthen crock, let -cool off, and when cool put into a jar or tin box. There is nothing -better than this preparation for wounds, fresh or old boils, and cannot -be surpassed for scalds, burns, &c. - - -DIRECTIONS FOR USE. - -Spread a thin coat of the ointment on a piece of linen rag large enough -to cover the scald or burn, which should be renewed twice a day.--Scrape -the old ointment off, and the rag may be used again with another coat of -fresh ointment. For boils cut a hole in the rag so as to give it room to -open and discharge its contents; renew the ointment three times a day. -This is considered one of the best ointments of the age. Give it a trial -and its effects will soon be felt. - - -REMEDY FOR THE BITE OF A SNAKE. - -Take the spirits of camphor made of whiskey and apply it to the bite, -turning the bottle which contains it over the bite and let it remain on -until all the poison is drawn out. The bottle used should have a large -mouth so that it may cover the wound entirely. Drink freely of the -whiskey until you begin to feel its effects. This done in time has never -failed. - - -FOR THE PILES. - -Take the kernel of three peach seeds, mash them well, then add hog’s lard -or fresh butter, not salted, enough to form a salve and rub this between -two butter plates until it becomes of a bluish color, grease with it and -take enough rhubarb to keep the bowels open. - - -CERTAIN CURE FOR CANCER. - -Take 1 pint of strong ley and boil down till it forms a salve, then apply -every 15 minutes until seven plasters have been applied, and as soon as -it begins to bleed stop the applications, then work the core out and -grease with hog’s lard to kill it; heal with ointment or some good salve. -When the ley has been boiled down, should the substance that remains -become hard, work it into a salve. This is also good for the cure of -fistula or poll evil in horses. - - -FOR WHITE SWELLINGS. - -Take 1 handful of mullin leaves and ½ pint of old rye whiskey; boil these -together and strain, then add 1 gill of turpentine and 2 gills of spirits -of camphor. Bathe well until all the swelling and soreness has left, wrap -with flannel which should he dampened with the lotion; this is a certain -remedy. - - -TO KEEP CIDER SWEET. - -Make the cider as late in the fall as possible from solid apples, without -using any water, put away immediately from the press, and lay it in some -place where it may remain quiet, let the place be as cool as possible. -Fill the barrel up full, take the bung out and leave it out for four -days, filling it up occasionally as it settles or works out. Should the -cider stop working under 4 days, rack it off carefully from the dregs, -which should be done as soon as the cider stops working, then put your -cider into a clean sweet barrel--it should be a barrel that has had -whiskey or brandy in it--if not, rinse with water until perfectly clean, -then sweetened by putting in a small quantity of whiskey. If this cannot -be done soak your barrels well so that they may be sweet and clean. After -having racked your cider off from the dregs carefully, put in the whites -of 6 eggs, battered light, and a scant ½ pint of mustard seed. Bung up -and in 5 or 6 weeks rack it off again carefully from the dregs. Cleanse -the barrel well and put in the same barrel--½ gallon of old rye whiskey -will add considerably to its flavor. If your cider is very sour, add from -3 to 5 lbs. white sugar; to insure its preservation it should be strained -through a cloth from the press. By being careful--cider put up in this -way will keep for 5 years. - - -FOR BOILED CIDER. - -Make the cider late in the fall, using none but sound apples, not even -those with small specks in, without any water. Take it right from the -press and put it in a copper kettle; boil it one hour from the time it -commences; skim it off as the skum arises as clean as you can; then -pour into a clean, sweet whiskey barrel, put into a bag scant ½ pint -of mustard seed; let the bag down through the bung hole by a string, -making the string fast to the barrel so as it can be drawn out again -conveniently. It may be flavored with ground cinnamon or cloves if you -fancy the taste. Cider put up in this way will keep a long time and makes -an excellent drink, by adding ½ gallon of old rye whiskey it may be kept -a number of years. Cider, either from the press or boiled, put into -bottles or jugs, corked up tight and sealed over with sealing-wax; it can -be kept many years, and makes a delicious drink. - - -CHERRY BRANDY. - -Press out the juice and add 1 gallon of water to 12 gallons of the juice; -then dissolve in the juice 1 pound of white sugar to the gallon; boil -slowly in a copper kettle, and skim off what rises to the top. Do not -boil too long or it will get thick; when the skum stops rising freely -pour it into some vessel to cool. Do not allow it to stand in the kettle -to cool. When it has become cool put into whatever vessel you wish to -keep it in, and add as much old rye whiskey as may suit your taste, say -from 1 to 3 gallons. The better the whiskey is the better your brandy -will be. Black heart cherries are the best if they can be had. This makes -a much better drink than port wine. - - -BLACK OR DEWBERRY CORDIAL. - -For diarrhœa or summer complaint. This is made by adding 1 pound of -white sugar to 3 pounds of black or dewberries, allowing them to stand -for twelve hours, then pressing out the juice and strain well, adding 1 -third part good french brandy and 1 tea spoonful of finely pulverized -allspice in every part of the cordial, which is ready for use at once. -This cordial cannot be surpassed for children and weak stomachs, &c. - - -BLACK OR DEWBERRY WINE. - -An excellent wine and a valuable medicine for home use. To make a wine -equal to port wine, take ripe blackberries, or dewberries are best; -press out the juice, let it stand thirty-six hours to ferment, skim -off whatever rises to the top, then to every gallon of the juice add -one quart of water and 3 pounds of white sugar. Let this stand in open -vessels for 24 hours, skim and strain it, then barrel it up until March, -when it should be racked off carefully from the dregs, and bottled up for -use. - - -GAS BEER. - -For 8 gallon vessel--take three pints of fresh yeast, 3 pints of New -Orleans molasses, put into your keg, then add 3 gallons of fresh water, -bung up, and shake to mix well. Then take a tin bucket and put in one -tea spoonful of ground cinnamon, 1 of ground cloves, 3 tablespoonsful of -ground allspice, 1 of ginger, 3 pints of molasses, then pour on it hot -water and mix well; let this stand some 10 or 15 minutes, then pour it -into the keg and fill up with fresh water, bung up tight; put something -over the bung to keep it from working out--use a strong keg for this -purpose. This makes an excellent cooling drink in summer. Lay your keg in -the sun several hours or until it commences to work.--In cold weather lay -your keg close to the fire--in fifteen or twenty hours it will be fit for -use. - - -SILVER TOP DRINK. - -Take 1 quart of water, 3 pounds of sugar, 1 tea spoonful of lemon oil; 1 -table spoonful of flour, with the white of 5 eggs well beat up, mix the -above well together, then divide the syrup and add 4 ounces of carbonate -acid in the other, and bottle for use. Pour about a gill out of one -bottle into a tumbler and the same quantity out of the other bottle into -another glass, add a little water if you choose, pour the two together -and drink while effervescing. - - -BLACK INK. - -Take 4 ounces of the extract of log wood, ¼ ounce of bycromate of pot -ash, 1 pint boiling water, stir well until all is dissolved--if the ink -is not black enough, add a little more of bycromate of pot ash. This -preparation will also answer for coloring goods, &c. - - -RED INK. - -Take of spirits of hartshorn 1 pint, pure carmine ½ drachm, put into a -bottle and shake well and it is fit for use. - - -INDELLIBLE INK. - -Take of lunar caustic 100 grains, gum arabic 100 grains, make both fine -and pour water enough over to dissolve it, put into a phial and stop -tightly. - -To make the preparation to be used before writing on the linen, take 2 -drachms of salts of tartar; 2 drachms gum arabic, dissolve these in 1 -ounce of rain water. Before using the ink, wet whatever article you wish -to mark with this last preparation and dry with a smooth iron, then wash -the gum out and you have the name indellibly fixed. - - -ANOTHER BLACK INK. - -Take 1 pound logwood, 1 gallon soft water, boil it 1 hour and add 25 -grains of bycromate of pot ash, 12 grains of prusiate of pot ash, stir a -few minutes over the fire, take it off, and when settled strain it. - - -WASHING FLUID. - -Take 1 gallon of soft soap, 4 ounces of sal soda, ½ gallon soft water, -and ½ gill of spirits of turpentine, place them all into a pot over a -fire and allow the mixture to boil a few minutes, it is then ready for -use and can be kept in an earthen or stone vessel. In using this fluid -the clothes intended to be washed should be soaked in water 10 or 12 -hours, say over night, and then to a 10 or 12 gallon boiler or kettle -full of clothes, covered with water, add 1 pint of fluid, boil briskly -for fifteen minutes, and then wring them out in fresh water. It will be -found that little or no rubbing will be necessary.--This preparation will -save a great deal of hard rubbing and labor--it is truly worth trying. - - -TRANSPARENT SOAP. - -Take 3 pounds of best rosin soap, 1 quart of best alcohol, 1 ounce of -venice turpentine, 1 ounce of oil of sassafras, or you may use bergamot -or the oil of lemon, or cinnamon, either of which will answer. Cut the -soap into thin shavings, put into a pan the alcohol and soap, melt over -a slow fire so as just to keep from boiling; when all is dissolved let -it boil a minute or two, you must be careful not to let the blaze of -the fire get to it or it will catch on fire; it is best to put it on -a stove where there will be no danger, keep stirring slowly until all -is melted, then add your venice turpentine, stirring and mixing for a -minute or so, then take your pan off the fire and put in your oil of -sassafras immediately, or whatever oil you intend using, the oil of -sassafras is however the best. This soap cannot be surpassed for shaving, -washing, and is excellent for sore or rough hands. Try it and you will be -surprised--the rosin soap used must be clear. - - -PROF. BIDDLE’S CELEBRATED PREPARATION FOR THE HAIR AND HEAD. - -To make 1 quart, take nearly one half a pint of cold pressed castor oil -and fill it nearly full of 95 per cent. alcohol, then add ½ ounce of -spirits of hartshorn, ½ ounce of tincture of cantharides, 40 drops oil of -bergamot, which gives it an elegant perfume--shake well and it is ready -for use. - - -DIRECTIONS FOR USE. - -Wash your head first with whiskey, then apply the hair oil freely, pour -it on the head gently and rub with the hand or stiff brush. For children -only use the hair oil. To remove the dandruff, comb the head well with a -fine comb, do this every time you use the preparation. This oil should be -applied twice a week, which will loosen the dandruff so that it may be -easily removed. A great and valuable discovery for the hair and head, two -or three applications of which will remove every particle of dandruff, -purify the skin and prevent the hair from coming out, giving new life -and vigor to every hair on the head, and changing light or sandy hair to -a beautiful dark lustre; also curing dizzy or nervous headache. No one -should be without this valuable preparation, especially those who are -subject to dandruff eruptions of the skin, falling off of the hair, dizzy -or nervous headache. If it should make the head tender, only use half the -tincture of cantharides. The alcohol must be strictly 95 per cent.--you -can add hartshorn if not strong enough, also bergamot for perfume to -suit. It is good for tetter on the head. Every ingredient can be had at -almost any of the drug stores. - - -TO RESTORE THE HAIR IN BALDNESS. - -Take of cold pressed castor oil 2 ounces, tincture of cantharides ½ -ounce, acetic acid ½ ounce, strong water of amonia 1½ ounces, oil of -nutmegs ½ drachm, oil of lavender ½ drachm, put this in a bottle, make -into a lotion, when it will be ready for use. - - -DIRECTIONS FOR USE. - -The head should be perfectly cleaned of all dirt and dandruff, with -castile soap and warm water, and the lotion applied freely and rubbed in -with a stiff hair brush once a day; in a week or two its good effects -will be manifested. This is the best preparation for baldness yet -introduced--give it a fair trial and you will not be disappointed. The -drugs of this preparation can be had at any of the drug stores. - - -TOOTHACHE BALSAM. - -Take of creosote 1 drachm, oil of cloves 1 drachm, tincture of camphor 2 -drachms, oil of petroleum 2 drachms, mix them thoroughly and cork tight -for use. A few drops of this mixture on cotton and applied to the nerve -of the tooth will relieve the pain. - - -TOOTH POWDER. - -Take of supercarbonate of soda 1 ounce, pulverized orris root ½ an ounce, -cream of tartar ½ ounce, oil of roses 10 drops, mix them properly. This -may be used with the finger, rag or soft tooth brush. - - -ANOTHER TOOTH POWDER. - -Carbonate of magnesia any quantity, perfumed with the oil of cinnamon -or neroli. This is the best tooth powder for children--the teeth should -always be cleaned after eating, if you wish to keep the breath sweet. - - -COLOGNE WATER No. 1. - -Take of oil of bergamot 1 ounce, oil of lavender ½ ounce, oil of neroli 1 -drachm, oil of roses 15 drops, oil of cloves 30 drops, new milk 1 pint, -pure alcohol 1 gallon, digest 1 day and filter through close flannel -several times. - - -COLOGNE WATER No. 2. - -Take of oil of bergamot 1 ounce, oil of lemon 1 ounce, oil of lavender -3 ounces, tincture of muck 1 drachm, pure alcohol 7 pints, rose water 1 -pint, gum camphor 20 grains, mix and digest 1 day and filter--cork up -tight for use. - - -COLOGNE WATER No. 3. - -Take oil of roses 5 drops, oil of bergamot 1 ounce, oil of lemon 1 ounce, -oil of lavender 2½ ounces, oil of rosemary ½ ounce, oil of cinnamon -10 drops, pure alcohol 7 pints, new milk 1 pint. Let the mixture stand -one day and filter. All preparations of cologne should be kept closely -stopped, otherwise they will lose their fine flavor. - - -TOOTHACHE DROPS. - -Take of 95 per cent. alcohol 1 pint, oil of origanum 2 ounces, gum -camphor 2 ounces, tartaric acid ½ ounce. Digest 1 day and mix well, when -it will be ready for use--cork up tight.--A few drops of this mixture on -cotton applied to the nerve, and the gums well rubbed with it will soon -relieve the pain. This is harmless and pleasant. If you cannot get any -cotton to the nerve, bathe the tooth and gums well with it. - - -FOR DYSPEPSIA. - -Take of 1½ pounds of white mustard seed from 1 tea spoonful to 1 table -spoonful, between meals--the whole seeds in cold water. - - -TO PRESERVE BUTTER No. 1. - -Take saltpetre and loaf sugar of an equal proportion and make a liquid. -After packing the butter in a jar or sweet keg, pour over enough of the -liquid to cover the butter an inch or two. If you should wish to re-pack -the butter, pour off the liquid, which if sweet, may be used again when -you have done packing. - - -TO PRESERVE BUTTER No. 2. - -Reduce separately to a fine powder, in a dry mortar, 2 pounds of the best -common salt, 1 pound of saltpetre and 1 pound of loaf sugar; sift one of -them over the other on a sheet of paper, then mix them well together and -they are ready for use. 1 ounce of the preparation is enough, to a pound -of butter, and if well worked in will preserve it sweet for three years. -This is worth giving a trial. - - -TO PICKEL CUCUMBERS. - -Let your cucumbers be small, fresh gathered and free from spots; then -make a pickel of salt and water, strong enough to bear up an egg; boil -the pickel in a copper kettle if convenient; and skim it well; then pour -it upon the cucumbers and tie them down for 24 hours, strain out through -a colander and dry off well with a cloth. - -Take the best wine or cider vinegar, cloves, mace, nutmegs, pepper and -race ginger, boil them together and put the cucumbers in with a little -salt, as soon as they begin to turn their color, put them into jars, -crocks or tight barrels; when cold tie on a bladder or leather. This is -excellent and worthy attention. - - -SOFT GINGER BREAD. - -Four cups of molasses, 2 of butter, 2 of milk, eight eggs, two -teaspoonsful of pearlash, ginger, and sufficient flour to make it stiff -as pound cake. - - -TO PRESERVE PEACHES. - -Take ripe free stone peaches--pare, stone and quarter them; to six pounds -of the cut peaches allow three pounds of the best brown sugar; stew the -sugar and peaches together, and set them away in a covered vessel; next -morning put them into a preserving kettle and boil it slowly about an -hour and three quarters, skimming it well. - - -TO PRESERVE PLUMBS, &c. - -A pound of sugar to a pound of fruit; the sugar should be melted over a -fire, moderate enough not to scorch it when melted. It should be skimmed -clean and the fruit dropped in to simmer until it is soft. Put them in -jars and cover carefully from the air. Glass is much better than earthen -for preserves--they are not so apt to ferment. - - -SOAP TO TAKE GREASE OUT OF CLOTH, SATINS, SILKS, &c. - -Take 4 pounds of white bar soap, 1½ pints 95 per cent. alcohol, 1½ ounces -of nitric acid, 2 do. of saltpetre, 2 ounces soda, ¾ ounce camphor; cut -the bar soap into thin shavings, put all the above ingredients in a -crock, then boil over a slow fire, with very little blaze; pulverize your -camphor as fine as possible and when all is properly dissolved, which -will take 1 hour or so then take the pot off the fire and when cooled add -1½ ounces spirits of amonia, pour in slowly stirring all the time; should -it catch on fire smother it with a cover or by throwing a cloth over -the pot. Stir while boiling, and scent with ½ ounce of oil of cinnamon. -This will remove grease spots from cloth, silks, &c., by taking a tooth -brush--dip into water and make a lather with the soap, rub the grease -spot well with the brush and lather, then wash it out twice in cold -water, rinsing and squeezing the soap out as clean as possible--let it be -clean water each time. This will take grease, paint, tar, oil, &c., out -of any kind of goods when properly applied. By pouring it in a flat pan -you can cut your soap into cakes of any size. - - -SOAP FOR GREASE, TAR, PAINT, &c. - -Take 1 quart 95 per cent. alcohol, 2¾ pounds best home made soap; cut -the soap into thin shavings, then put the soap and alcohol into a pan -or vessel over a slow fire, and let all dissolve before it boils; when -dissolved boil a few minutes, then pour the soap into a pan, and when -cooled off cut into cakes. This preparation is excellent for washing -dirty clothes and will not require near the labor that the common soap -does. For cloth, silks, &c., you may take less soap. It may be used in -the same manner directed for the other soap. - - -REMEDY FOR ITCH No. 1 - -Take broad dock roots and lard sufficient to form a mixture, boil it -until it forms a salve.--Bury the salve in the ground for 24 hours, then -grease 2 or 3 times every evening before going to bed, dry in by the -stove and shift the clothes. It never fails. Take sulphor of brimstone -several days before applying the salve. This plant is not the burdock nor -the narrowdock, which it resembles, except that the leaves of the broad -dock are broader and the stocks do not grow near so high. - - -REMEDY FOR ITCH No. 2. - -Take 4 ounces of venice turpentine, 4 ounces of red precipitate, 1 pound -of unwashed butter. The turpentine must be washed 9 times in fresh spring -water, then mix all the ingredients thoroughly. Apply several times of an -evening before going to bed and dry in at the stove, after which put on -clean clothes. Avoid getting wet while using this salve. Take sulphor and -cream of tartar 2 or 3 days before applying. - - -REMEDY FOR ITCH No. 3. - -Take narrow dock and grate it, then add sweet milk or cream and fry them -together and grease with it 3 or 4 times every evening, drying in at the -stove, then dress with clean clothes. Take ½ tea spoonful of sulphor -twice a day several days before and after. This is a certain cure. - - -PILLS BY DR. W. B. YOUNG. - -Take calomel, jalap, aloes and rhubarb, equal portions, mix all together -and add a little water at a time, and mix until you cannot see the -calomel grains, roll in powdered helebore or epicac. Dose from 1 to 3 -pills once a day in the evening. Roll the mixture out in rolls and cut up -to make the regular sizes. These are an excellent domestic pill. - - -FRENCH PATENT OIL VARNISH. - -For Boots, Shoes, Harness and Carriages:--Take 1 gallon alcohol, 1¼ -pounds gum shellac, 8 ounces of white turpentine, 4 ounces of rosin, 4 -ounces of venice turpentine, 4 ounces oil of lavender, 1 ounce lamp black -to color with; put the gum shellac and alcohol into a jug and shake, let -it stand a day or two to dissolve, then add the other ingredients and -shake well until all is dissolved, when it is ready for use. In applying -this polish use a sponge or brush, lightly and briskly, and it will make -a beautiful polish. It will render leather water proof, but if used -regularly a small quantity of oil should be applied occasionally. - - -COX’S HIVE SYRUP. - -Take of bruised squills 10 drachms, seneca snake root 10 drachms; add the -squills and snake root to 1 pint of water that has been first boiled, -settled and poured off and simmer slowly until you have but half a pint -of water, then strain it off and add clarified sugar 1 pound, and simmer -until all are well mixed, then add tartar emetic 22 grains, salts of -tartar 22 grains, stir and mix properly while the fluid is warm, stop -it up tight for use. This syrup is good in coughs, croup or bad colds -in children, in 10 or 15 drop doses--no family should do without it one -day. If you do not wish to be troubled making it, buy some and always -keep it in your house. It is a sure and safe remedy for croup, in which -little larger doses should be administered often until it vomits pretty -freely--continue with the syrup until the tightness is broken, then use -occasionally, not enough to vomit so often. By keeping this remedy at -hand you may save some one of your family, and a large amount of trouble -and expense. In croup put a mustard plaster on the breast and throat -immediately, as no time is to be lost. Mustard plaster is made with -ground mustard and wheat flour equal parts; mix them together and wet -with warm vinegar, greasing the throat and breast with turpentine or good -liniment; putting flannel around the neck is very good.--Young parents -should be on their guard when not acquainted with the disease. - - -DOMESTIC COUGH SYRUP. - -Take of cumfrey root one ounce, elecampane root 1 ounce, nettle root -1 ounce, hoarhound leaves 1 ounce, spikenard root ½ ounce, pulverize -all fine and boil them in a quart of water down to a pint, strain the -liquor off and when settled pour off again; add to it 1 pint of strained -honey, and simmer down slowly to a pint and a half; add to it scant ½ -ounce juice of indian turnip; take a green turnip and beat and squeeze -the juice out, add to the syrup when milk warm; if put in while hot -it will lose its medical properties. A table spoonful or less may be -taken from 4 to 6 times a day, in cases of bad cough, it is healing and -strengthening to the lungs; it may be made with or without the indian -turnip juice. The indian turnip is an excellent of itself. - - -GREAT SALVE FOR WOUNDS, &c. - -Take 1 pound sheep tallow, 1 pound beeswax, ½ pound rosin elder inside -bark, 1 pound balm of gillead leaves or flowers, put into a pan and fry -over a slow fire to a salve, spread thin on a linen rag and apply 2 or 3 -times a day. - - -SODA POWDERS. - -To make these powders put 1 tea spoonful of carbonate of soda into a -glass nearly half full of water, and ½ tea spoonful of tartaric acid in -the other, and add enough sugar and lemon syrup or lemon juice to suit -the taste; stir and dissolve the powders and sugar, then pour one into -the other and drink while effervescing. This is a very pleasant and -cooling drink. - - -PATENT BLACK JAPAN. - -For iron or wood carriages, &c. Take 1 gallon of turpentine, 2¼ pounds -asphaltum, put them into an iron pot over a charcoal fire and let remain -until dissolved, then strain it--if it becomes too thick when cold add -spirits of turpentine. For wood or canvass add while hot, to every gallon -1 pint of copal varnish and ½ pint of linseed oil. This is a good and -cheap paint or varnish, used by a great many coach-makers, blacksmiths, -&c. - - -TO MAKE SOFT SOAP. - -Take 10 pounds of common yellow or rosin soap, such as is purchased here -for 4 or 6 cents per pound, 6 pounds sal-soda, 10 gallons soft or rain -water; cut the soap into small thin pieces and put the whole over a fire, -bring the water nearly to a boiling point and allow it to remain at that -temperature until the soap is thoroughly dissolved; it may then be taken -off. If the soap made with these ingredients is found to be too strong -add cold water until it becomes of the proper consistency and strength. - - -FURNITURE POLISH. - -Take ¼ pound beeswax, separate into shavings, put in a pan and add ½ -gallon of spirits of turpentine and 1 pint linseed oil; let it remain for -12 hours, then stir it well with a stick into a liquid; while stirring -add ¼ pound shellac varnish and 1 ounce alkinet root. Put this mixture -into a gallon jar and stand it before a fire or in an oven for a week, -just to keep it warm, shaking it up 3 or 4 times a day, then strain it -through a hair sieve or fine flannel. In using pour a tea spoonful on a -wad of baize or flannel, and go lightly over the face or other parts of -the mahogany furniture, then apply a similar dry wad briskly and in three -minutes it will produce a dark brilliant polish, unequalled and of great -value. The shellac varnish is made by taking ¼ pound good gum shellac and -pouring alcohol enough over to dissolve it, say as much as to cover the -shellac. - - -ESSENCE OF LEMON. - -Take 1 pint alcohol, ½ ounce of oil of lemon, color with tincture of -tamarisk. To make these essences for family use you should take 95 per -cent. alcohol and the quantity of oil named in the receipt, which will -save you three hundred per cent. paying you for your labor. If you wish -to make a pint, get a glass bottle that will hold a little more than a -pint and put your alcohol and oil in, shake and mix them well, then color -to suit. - -To make 1 gallon of the essences for sale, take 1 gallon of common -alcohol and 2 ounces of the oil--color as in the others. - - -ESSENCE OF PEPPERMINT. - -Take 1 pint alcohol, ½ ounce of oil of peppermint, and if you wish it -colored add in small quantities the tincture of tamarisk, stirring it, -until you have the color to suit your taste. This is excellent for cramp -colic in man or horse. - - -EYE WATER. - -Take 40 grains sulphate of zinc to ½ pint of warm soft water, shake -until well dissolved and cork up tightly. In using pour out about 1 tea -spoonful into a cup and bathe the eyes with it. Never use by dipping -your finger into the bottle, but pour a small quantity out into a vessel -of some kind. This is the best eye water yet introduced and will be -certain to relieve the inflamed eye. Try it and its efficacy will soon -be manifested. Always bathe the eye of an evening, just before going to -bed--if it is used during the day you should keep out of the air. If too -strong add a little water. The cost of this preparation is but 6¼ cents, -and cannot be surpassed. - - -ESSENCE OF CINNAMON. - -Take 1 pint of alcohol, ½ ounce of oil of cinnamon, color with the -tincture of red sanders, and mix as above. This is excellent in diarrhœa, -summer complaints or looseness of the bowels. - - -CERTAIN CURE FOR FELON. - -We have known instances of the most intense suffering, neither rest by -day or sleep at night, in which this process has effected cures. As soon -as it becomes apparent that a felon is making its appearance, which is -known by a constant soreness and pain proceeding from the bone, take -a strong cord of any kind and wrap it about the afflicted part, as -tightly as can be borne; keep it in this condition until the pain can be -endured no longer. Now loose the cords and soon as the pain, caused by -the cording subsides, tighten it again. Continue this for several days -or until the felon is completely blackened and killed.--We have known -several persons who have been afflicted with felons to try this remedy -with success--in fact we have never known it to fail. The cording stops -the circulation and then the sore has nothing to feed upon, when it soon -dies of starvation. We have faith in this remedy, even after a felon has -made considerable progress. If the felon has commenced at the bone the -sooner you have it cut the better; there is no application that will -burst or open the skin that is next to the bone, it should be cut if the -above remedy fails.--_Clipper._ - - -CURE FOR BRONCHITIS. - -Croton oil it is said will entirely remove this complaint. A minister -of the gospel who had been laid aside from his pastoral office by the -bronchitis, for three years, has entirely recovered his voice by the -application of croton oil to the surface of the throat, against the organ -affected, one drop daily rubbed over the surface produced a singular but -powerful eruption of the skin, which as it progressed restored his voice -to its full tone and vigor. - - -RECEIPT FOR HOGS. - -That have lost their appetite. Put urine in the slop, or when you can -conveniently, urinate in the trough as you pass along. This is excellent, -but a small quantity of ashes put in their slop cannot be surpassed for -restoring the appetite, and also very good for the kidneys, worms, &c. -Give it a trial and be convinced of its efficacy. - - -GREASE FOR CARRIAGES, &c. - -Take 1 pound of beeswax, ½ pint of lamp black, mix well while hot, and -when cooling off, add oil until it becomes of a proper consistency. In -the winter season add more oil. This makes a lasting grease, which cannot -be surpassed for carriages, &c. - - -FOR PLAGUE BLISTER. - -Take sassafras leaves and dip them in warm water, then take castile soap -and make a thick lather, and apply with a soft brush as far as the sore -or inflammation extends, then apply the sassafras leaves, warm 3 or 4 -thick, tie it up loosely, renew every 8 hours. This cannot be surpassed -for inflammation of this nature. Give it a trial and its effects will -soon be felt. Use none but castile soap. - -The following certificate attests the value of this simple cure:-- - - MIDDLETOWN Frederick Co., Md. - June 5th, 1852. - - _To all whom it may concern, greeting_:-- - - I hereby certify, that some time in March, 1847, my wife was - afflicted with a pain and swelling in her arm, which proved - extremely painful, and appeared to be contracting the arm, - leaving a red or purple streak as far as the swelling extended. - As some three or four of my children were then lying sick with - scarlet fever, also a negro girl, several physicians were sent - for to attend them, who were consulted in relation to my wife. - Some pronounced it the hysterics, others attempted to effect a - cure, but all in vain; at length it was pronounced a pest or - plague blister and very dangerous. The person who informed me - what it was, recommended me to Mr. J. D. Koogle for a cure. Mr. - Koogle came and applied poultices, which in an hour or two - after the first application relieved her so much as to enable - her to sleep, which she had not done for ten or twelve days. - Previous to this the physicians recommended every thing that - had a tendency to induce sleep without avail. Nothing could - ease her pain so as to enable her to sleep. She continued the - poultices recommended by Mr. Koogle until finally relieved, - though they left the hand and part of the arm perfectly - hollow--nothing but skin, bone and sinew--yet the parts are - now entirely healed and as full as usual, without any other - application. - - Yours, &c. - - JACOB T. C. MILLER. - - -RECEIPT FOR HUMORS OR BREAKING OUT ON CHILDREN. - -Take wheat flour and put into a hot stove, roast it to a brown color, -stir and mix it while browning. In using sprinkle on the sore--it -scarcely ever fails to heal after all other remedies have failed. The -sores should not be dried up too suddenly, and particularly when it is a -general breaking out over the face, hands, &c. - - -CERTAIN CURE FOR BITE OF A SNAKE. - -Drink as much whiskey as you can. It will do no harm and is a certain -cure--use it immediately after the bite. - - -CURE FOR THE BITE OF A MAD DOG. - -Take of elecampane root 1½ ounces, cut it fine or pulverize if you can, -then boil it in one pint of new milk down to a quarter of a pint. Take -this in the morning fasting, and eat no food till 4 o’clock in the -afternoon. It should be taken every other morning--the two last doses -must weigh 2 ounces each. This may be used several times a day. - - -CLAY POULTICE FOR MAN OR HORSE. - -Take of yellow clay any quantity, and add vinegar enough to form a -poultice, apply it cold. To a sprained joint it gives very speedy relief, -often cures in one night. This cannot be surpassed for a fresh sprain on -horses. - - -DOMESTIC TONIC. - -Yellow poplar bark, dogwood bark, wild cherry bark, 1 ounce of each; -pulverize fine, and add to them 1 quart of whiskey, shake the bottle and -let it stand one week. A table spoonful in water three times a day is a -dose in cases of debility after fevers. - - -OINTMENT FOR SCROFULUS ULCERS. - -Take of basilicon ointment 1 ounce, venice turpentine ½ oz., pulverized -verdigris 2 drachms, beef gall ½ ounce, mix them perfectly over a slow -fire. Dress the sores twice a day--do not wet them but wipe them clean -with a soft rag. - - -GREEN OINTMENT. - -Take basilicon ointment ½ pound, finely pulverized¾ verdigris ½ ounce; -melt the basilicon slowly and add the verdigris, stirring until it is -well mixed. This is a good dressing for old sores and ring worms on the -head or face. - - -TINCTURE OF PEACH KERNELS. - -Take ½ pint of peach kernels, bruise them and add one quart of whiskey. -Take a table spoonful three times a day. This often cures gravel in the -form of sand or fine gravel in the bladder. We have known the patient to -pass off gravel in large quantities while using this remedy. - - -FOR TRANSPLANTING TREES. - -That are flagging or drooping, or looking as if they were going to say -good bye. First reduce the top litter, or if needed a good deal, it may -be that there is more top to exhaust than root to supply; then loosen -the soil and water if dry, and lastly mulch the ground as far as the -roots extend. This you may do by covering it with three or four inches of -straw. Litter tan bark or something of that sort to keep the roots cool -and moist, so as to cause them into new growth. Watering a transplanted -tree every day, letting the surface dry hard with the sun and wind, is -too much like basting a joint of meat before the kitchen fire to be -looked upon as decent treatment, for any thing living when you water do -it after the sun sets. If you find your fruit trees barren from too great -running to wood, (about the first of June is the time) clip or pinch off -the ends of the side shoots, so as to expend its substance in making buds -instead of wasting all the sap in over growth. - - -HOW TO KEEP APPLES. - -Spread on the floor oats to the depth of about two inches; the oats -should be good and properly cured, and then place your apples side by -side on the oats until they are covered over with them. Then cover your -apples again, and continue laying a course of apples and oats until -you have finished your crop. If they are properly put up they will -keep better in this way than any other way. Farmer try it and convince -yourself. - - -DOMESTIC YEAST. - -Boil 1 pound of good flour, ¼ pound of brown sugar and a little salt with -two gallons of water for one hour. When milk warm bottle it and cork -close; it will be fit for use in 24 hours; 1 pound yeast will make 18 -pounds of bread. - - -COMPOST TO PREVENT CROWS AND INSECTS FROM TAKING CORN. - -Take from 1 to 2 pounds sulphor brimstone mixed with plaster and ashes, -and a handful scattered on to the corn as it peeps out of the ground will -be sufficient to protect an acre from their ravages. Brimstone is a good -manure on all soil that does not abound in it. - - -HOW TO DESTROY LICE OR VERMIN ON CHICKENS. - -Place among the sand and dust that the hens dust themselves in ½ pound -black sulphor and also sprinkle some lime in and mix. This will keep -them off and give them a glossy appearance. If infested with these -insects dampen the skin under the feathers with a little water, then -sprinkle a little black sulphor on the skin, and in 12 hours they will -all disappear. Also, previous to setting a hen, if the nest be slightly -sprinkled with the sulphor there, is no danger of the hen becoming -annoyed by them. - - -WORTH KNOWING. - -One pound of green copperas, costing 6 cents, dissolved in 1 quart of -water, and poured down a privy, will effectually destroy the foulest -smells; for water closets aboard ships and steamboats, or for rats, mice, -&c., keep it dissolved near the place and in a few days it will all -disappear. About hotels and other public places, there is nothing so nice -to cleanse places as simple green copperas dissolved under the bed in any -thing that will hold water, and thus render a hospital and other places -for the sick free from unpleasant smells. For butchers’ stalls, fish -markets, slaughter houses, sinks and wherever there are offensive and -putrid gasses, dissolve copperas and sprinkle it about, and in a few days -the smell will pass away. - - - - -APPENDIX. - -INFORMATION HOW TO TREAT DANGEROUS DISEASES. - - -There are several diseases which are very dangerous and run their course -in a very short time, and prove fatal if they are not properly treated or -arrested before they become firmly seated. I would here urge upon every -owner of horses, (and in fact every disease which this work treats on,) -to pay strict attention to it. In many diseases, what you can do must be -done at once or not at all--the old saying is ‘a stitch in time saves -nine,’ and there is a great deal of truth in this, in many diseases. - -I would here urge upon you the importance of glystering in certain -diseases. In the Wind Colic and also in the Spasmodic Colic, as soon -as you ascertain what the disease is and not before. The truth of the -matter is that no man has any right to give any medicine until he is -certain what the disease is. Give the medicine and course of treatment -prescribed in the disease then quickly follow with injections. If you -have neglected to prepare yourself for glystering, back-rake with your -hand--this is done by greasing the hand and arm with lard or oil and -introduce it as far as you can. The glystering or back-raking never does -any harm but always assists in relieving. Every owner of horses should -prepare himself with several large beef or hog bladders, a few elders -with the pith punched or burnt out, and by so doing you are prepared at -any time to give an injection. This may be done by cutting a notch around -the one end of the elder, then fill your bladder with soap suds or oil, -next tie the bladder on the end of the elder you have notched, firmly, -and introduce the elder into the fundament, and then you can force the -suds into the fundament easily by pressing on the bladder. You should -in all cases where there is great danger of losing your horse, give -injections and continue to repeat them until they operate. There are many -cases in colics that the horse is bound or corked, this can be perceived -by the horse trying frequently or straining to dung; when this does -occur it is very dangerous and you must in these cases give large doses -of aloes and glyster freely, repeating until you get it to operate. If -you fail to get an operation you will lose your horse. Preparation for -glystering: Take warm water and make a suds with soap, add thereto epsom -salts, and in some cases you may add ½ oz. aloes. Fish oil is a very good -article of itself; from a pint to a quart for one injection. I have known -1 pint of fish oil to be given as a drench in colic, and has relieved -where all other remedies have failed. - -I will here state that there are more horses killed by medicine -improperly given than ever was cured. For this reason, the great majority -of owners of horses and in fact a great many farriers who pretend to -know, do not know what the disease is, and next is a dose of medicine -and perhaps in less than half an hour the horse drops down dead, and -why, because in many cases the medicine given for the disease, is the -dose that poisons or kills him, from the fact that he was mistaken in -the disease, or given medicine for one disease when it was another. -Therefore, I here again assert that no man has any right to give -medicine until he fully ascertains what the disease is. This he can -easily get at if he will pay some attention to the symptoms which are -so plainly described in this work. As soon as your horse commences to -complain, watch him closely and you will find him to point out to you -plainly what the disease is, and you will find the horse to point it out -to a hair’s breadth as I have described it to you. - -Why is it that men will toil and labor hard through the summer’s heat, -and expose themselves to the extreme cold in winter, and at the end of -the year perhaps, will lose more in horse flesh than they have made. -Millions of dollars are lost yearly in horses and a great part of it -for the want of carefulness and paying some attention to the diseases -of the horse, which costs no man any hard labor or exposure. Let me -urge upon you the importance of reading this work over again and again, -paying attention to it as you peruse it over, and you will find it gives -you such information as each and every person should have for his own -interest. I will here state that an ounce of preventative is a great -deal better than a pound of cure. Many diseases might be prevented by -being cautious in their treatment to horses and keeping them in a healthy -condition. This should be done by using the celebrated horse powders -on page 60, twice a year, fall and spring. Say you feed from 1 to 1½ -pounds to each horse, each time, fall and spring. If you adopt this once -you will never depart from it afterward, as you will find it to be a -preventative of diseases and will find so much improvement in your stock -that you will not depart from it. Every man that has a horse should habit -himself to sprinkle a little salt on the feed every time he feeds his -horse. The salt is nourishing and is just as much needed in the horse’s -food every meal as it is needed on the food that a man eats. - -The Inflammation of the Lungs is another dangerous disease. It is -becoming to be a common disease among horses, and carries off its -thousands, simply because it is at first a sneaking disease; the farmer -and owner thinks very little of it when it first makes its appearance, -and the truth is there are very few persons who know anything about the -disease, and if it is suffered to run over the third day, you might as -well take the horse out where you want him to die; yet, with all its -danger and certainty of death if neglected, there is not a disease which -is plainer in its symptoms or is pointed out plainer by the horse than in -this disease. It is impossible to be mistaken in this disease if you but -pay the least attention to it, and is easily conquered if taken in time. -In this disease the foxglove, tartar emetic and nitre should be used -twice or thrice a day, as directed in Inflammation of the Lungs. - -Bots is another which is very dangerous when they take hold. Feed the -Celebrated Horse Powders, as directed and use plenty of salt and you will -not have one case in a thousand of Bots. - -If you want the best Lotion in the world for fresh or old wounds on -horses, turn to page 70, there you will find it, Tincture of Aloes and -Myhr; if you want to cure the Ringbone or Spavin, turn to page 71, and -you will find it; if you want to cure the Blood or Bog Spavin, turn to -page 68; if you want a Lotion for to cure the Scratches in a few days, -turn to page 64; if you want a Lotion for Sprains, Bruises, Swellings, -&c., turn to page 63; if you want a certain remedy for Sweaney, turn to -page 74; if you want to see the List of Medicines used in the diseases -of horses, you will find them from pages 93 to 108, giving their medical -properties and uses. - -I will here name a few Domestic Medicines, Receipts, &c., and would -urge every person and family to make use of them and keep them on hand, -as they have proven to be very valuable and will do what they are -recommended to do. Dr. Wickey’s Cholera Medicine cannot be surpassed for -cholera, cholera morbus, diarrhœa, summer complaint, looseness of the -bowels, sickness of the stomach, cramp colic, flux, &c. This Medicine is -easily prepared and will keep for many years if made out of good brandy. -There is not any Medicine now in use that will give the same amount of -satisfaction as this, and it is perfectly safe and harmless, as it is -purely vegetable, see page 148. - -Prof. Biddle’s preparation for the hair and head will positively cure the -tetter or any itching or humor of the skin, will prevent the hair from -falling off, and has restored more hair than any other hair restorative -ever introduced, see page 174. - -If you want sweet cider the year round, turn to page 165 and follow -directions, and you will have it; if you want honey without bees, turn to -page 161 and you can have it; if you have the rheumatism and want to be -cured, turn to pages 152, 153, 154 and 155; if you want a liniment that -cannot be surpassed and is easily made, turn to page 157 and you will -see how to make it. You should add double the quantity of laudanum and -use the spirits of saltpetre--which is made by pouring alcohol over the -saltpetre, the same as the camphor. - -If you want to read an interesting subject, turn to page 131 and read -the whole subject and you will have it in truth; if you want the best -medicine in the world for colic, turn to pages 128 and 129. I will here -state that the Pipsisseway is the best for colic, it has a whitish -stripe running through the centre of the leaf. The Wintergreen has not -this whitish stripe through the centre; both of them keep green the -year round. The Wintergreen is considered very excellent for colds and -coughs, it is used as a tea for coughs. If you want an eye water that -will relieve inflamed eyes, turn to page 194; this is truly valuable and -is a harmless application, yet easily made, costing but 6¼ cents. - -I have here named some of the leading articles, which will prove to be -very valuable to all that have occasion to make use of them. Try them and -you will be convinced. - - -SCARLET FEVER. - -I will here give to the reader the symptoms of Scarlet Fever. This -disease has slain its thousands where the monster disease, Cholera has -slain its hundreds, and it becomes every parent to feel it his duty to -be careful when the disease is in the neighborhood. It is evident that -the disease is contagious, in this form it can be taken by inhaling the -breath from one that has it, and it is satisfactorily proven that it can -be carried in woollen goods from one family to another. - -SYMPTOMS:--This disease commences with chilliness, dullness of the head -and prostration of strength, according to the violence of the attack. -There is sometimes nausea and vomiting, and the surface soon becomes -florid and hot. - -The throat is generally inflamed and the same appearance extends to the -tongue, which is sometimes of a very deep scarlet, tinged with blue. If -the symptoms are increased, it is called Scarlet Fever in a malignant -form, the symptoms are very violent and the patient becomes pale and -faint, the heart palpitates, the Fever continues to rise higher and -higher, there is great danger. - -The pulse now rises to one hundred and fifteen or twenty strokes in a -minute. The pulse and the eruption will give the form and character of -the disease. The eruption generally commences with red patches, which -spread and unite till they cover the whole body. The eruption appears -first on the face and neck, then on the legs, and the redness is greatest -about the loins and bending of the joints, and on the hands and ends of -the fingers. There is however not a perfect regularity in the eruption -of Scarlet Fever, either in appearance or duration. In ordinary cases -the eruption remains out about four days, when the grain of the skin -begins to peel off and in a few days more it disappears. As the disease -progresses, the tonsils becomes specked with ash colored spots and -Ulceration follows. In favorable cases their slugs come off in eight or -ten days. - -If the Patient does not die by the ninth day, he will generally get -well under proper management, though it may be three weeks, in some -cases before he recovers. When this disease terminates favorably, all -the symptoms generally yield, beginning about the fourth day after the -eruption appears. The patient is more liable to relapse in this disease -than any other, and caution should be used to prevent a relapse. Parents -would do well to watch its first appearance and keep their children from -its influence as much as possible using preventatives, such as keeping a -tar plaster around the neck, keeping gum camphor, a little asafœtida and -a small piece of garlic around the neck--this should be put into a small -muslin bag and hung around the neck. Let the children eat small pieces -of garlic during the day. These are considered preventatives by the -Medical Faculty. - -TREATMENT--Give mild purgatives, such as Oil, to keep the bowels open. -Drink plentifully of balm tea, if this cannot be had, use Sage, Hysop, -Saffron Blossom, or Dittany. This will bring out the eruption and keep -it out full. If this can be accomplished, the danger will be very much -lessened. This fact should be kept in view in all eruptive diseases. Keep -a Tar Plaster around the neck; add to the tar a small portion of Spirits -of Turpentine, keep this on for some time, renewing, adding turpentine -enough to cause the skin to red. If the patient be not very careful when -he gets out, he will take cold, and the glands of the neck will swell -and suppurate and the ear will run, and if great attention be not paid, -deafness will probably be the result. - -They must be kept clean and Laudanum and Sweet Oil put into them every -day till they get well. - - -6 REASONS FOR PLANTING AN ORCHARD. - -First, would you leave an inheritance to your children, plant an orchard. -No other investment of money and labor will in the long run pay so well. -Second, would you make home pleasant, the abode of the social virtues, -plant an orchard. Nothing better promotes among neighbors a feeling of -kindness and good will, than a treat of good fruit often repeated. - -Third, Would you remove from your children the strongest temptation to -steal, plant an orchard. If children cannot obtain fruit at home, they -are very apt to steal it, and when they have learned to steal fruit, they -are in a fair way to steal horses, &c. - -Fourth, Would you cultivate a constant feeling of thankfulness towards -the Giver of all good, plant an orchard. By having constantly before you -one of the greatest blessings given to men, you must be hardened indeed -if you are not influenced by a spirit of humility and thankfulness. - -Fifth, Would you have your children love their home, respect their -parents while living and venerate their memory when dead, in all their -wanderings, look back upon the home of youth as a sacred spot, as oasis -in the great wilderness of the world, then plant an orchard. - -Sixth, In short, if you wish to avail yourself of the blessings of a -bountiful Providence, which are within your reach, you must plant an -orchard. And when you do it, see that you plant good fruit, don’t plant -Crab Apple Trees, nor Wild Plums, nor Indian Peaches, the best are -the cheapest. Seriously, we have often wondered why our farmers did -not devote more attention to the cultivation of fruit; it certainly -would prove profitable and pleasant. An orchard of an acre or so of -choice fruit, properly taken care of could not be the least profitable -portion of a farm. Upwards of a hundred bushels of fruit can be gathered -annually, and without much trouble from merely a small garden patch. One -great point to commence with is to procure good sorts, for it requires -no more labor to attend a tree that will bear apples worth seventy-five -cents and a dollar a bushel than one producing those not worth more than -two shillings. Let our farmers think of these things. But, the inquiry is -frequently made how shall we manage our trees, to produce fine flavored -fruit in a short time. - -First, select good, rich soil, such as will produce 70 bush. indian -corn per acre, if not such it should be made such by manuring. You -cannot expect a tree to flourish and produce good fruit when there is no -strength or food to supply it with proper nourishment. It is too much -like building a house without a foundation, or sitting down to dine at -an empty dish, there being nothing to support the growth of the tree, no -food to supply it with proper nourishment, finally, it dies for the want -of nourishment, if not, the fruit which it bears, if any, is small and -knotty, having scarcely any taste or flavor. If you want nice, large, -fine flavored fruit, prepare your soil before planting your trees and -keep it prepared by manuring occasionally. It is unreasonable to expect -to raise fruit from a tree when it is half or three quarters starved out, -all for the want of nourishment. You may here make inquiry how to prepare -your soil. This may be done by putting a heavy dressing of manure on it, -then obtain sufficient depth of soil, so as to enable the roots to extend -themselves freely and hold moisture without dying out in protracted -drought. This may be done with a common plow, letting it run 8 or 10 -inches deep, then by means of a good subsoil plow, running it in the same -furrow, you will obtain a depth of 15 or 18 inches. This process should -be continued until you have all plowed that depth. When you have this -accomplished, run your harrow over several times leveling and pulverizing -it finely. When you have all this completed your soil will be prepared -for planting your trees. If you cannot possibly prepare your soil in this -way, you should by all means dig very large holes, say six or eight feet -in diameter and a foot and a half deep, working the manure through the -soil as you dig it up. This may seem to the farmer as requiring too much -labor, but will richly pay him for it in the end. Plant your trees in -this soil firmly, leaving the soil a little lower about the body of the -tree, so as it may hold the water, if filled up about the level of the -soil, the water will run away from the roots and your tree may die for -the want of moisture. Every tree should have a stake driven in the ground -to fasten or stay the tree, so as to prevent the storms from bending and -switching it about. If this is not done your trees will be injured, and -will not thrive. There are a great many farmers complaining that they -cannot raise any fruit. Truly, how can they expect to raise fruit when -they will crowd their trees into small holes, and the soil so hard that -you can scarcely drive a stake into it with a sledge, and above all the -land starved out, the grass and weeds suffered to grow up at such a rate -that you are not able to see the body of the tree. Young trees should -be nursed and cultivated, keeping the soil mellow by repeated stirring -and preventing the growth of any vegetable for several feet from the -tree. A hoed crop is next best to clear mellow ground. A sowed crop, -grass or weeds is ruinous to young trees. After you have your trees well -set, you should by all means wash them down once or twice a year with -soap and water. Say about one quart of soap to two quarts of water--wash -from the large branches to the bottom--this will destroy the insects -that may be put into the body and limbs of the tree. Many drooping trees -have been made healthy by using this wash. If you wish to preserve your -peach trees, it is necessary for you to apply this to them twice a year, -also frequently pouring reasonably hot soap suds to the body and root -of the tree; this will kill and destroy the worm which so frequently -destroys your trees. The lie which is left at the bottom of the kettle -from boiling hot soap is very good and should always be used to wash your -trees. If you wish to preserve your peach trees, you should by all means -search the roots and body of the tree, and where you find any gum caused -by the worm, remove it by means of a knife, carefully cutting away where -any gum is found, and as far as there seems to be a hollow under the -bark, then wash the whole stem well, suffering it to run to the roots: It -is stated by a worthy gentleman, that by planting tansey around the tree, -the worm will not trouble the roots. This is simple enough and worthy of -a trial. It is hoped that these important truths will cause the Farmer -and others to put them in practice, and it most undoubtedly will be the -means of raising improved fruit and will be richly paid for all his -labour. - - -HOW TO CATCH AN OWL. - -Those who are troubled with owls, let them set a steel trap on the top of -a pole near the hen roost, and you will be certain to catch him. - - - - - A SUPPLEMENT - TO THE - FARMER’S OWN BOOK: - - A TREATISE ON THE - Diseases of Horned Cattle, - WITH AN - EXPLANATION OF THEIR SYMPTOMS, - AND THE - COURSE OF TREATMENT TO BE PURSUED. - - PUBLISHED BY - J. D. KOOGLE, - Middletown, Maryland. - 1858. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The beneficence of an all wise Providence in organizing man, so as to -secure him dominion over animals of inferior physical construction, -impose on him obligations to exercise that eminent advantage in a spirit -of mercy and in mitigation of the pains and disorder of the brute -creation! Impose upon him as a gentleman, as an intelligent Farmer, or as -a man of humanity; should deem it essential to make himself familiar with -the nature and injuries of the suffering brute. To say nothing of the -duty, which common intelligence and humanity enjoins upon every one to -prepare himself with proper information, remedies and common medicines, -which will enable him to extend immediate relief to the speechless, -suffering animals. No man should hesitate, to provide himself with a -book which will teach him plainly in what way to give relief to the poor -speechless brute. - - - - -THE AGE. - - -The age of neat cattle is very difficult to get at, until they reach -the age of three years; after this, we get at the age by the horns. The -surface of the horn continues very smooth, until the expiration of the -second year of the animals life, when a wrinkle or circle of thicker -horn begins to be formed around the base. This is truly completed in -twelve months and another ring then begins to appear, so that if the -perfect rings or circles are counted, and two added to them, the age -of the beast is supposed to be ascertained. These rings, however, are -not always clear and distinct, and it is very easy to remove one or two -of them with a rasp, at least to the unpracticed eye, when the animal -begins to be remarkably old. In addition to this, a well known fact -should be stated:--That if a heifer takes the bull at about two years -old, the first ring is formed a twelve month before its usual time, and -consequently she would always appear to be reckoning by her horns, a -twelve month older than she really is. After all, the age as denoted by -the horn can only be calculated in the Cow. These rings do not begin to -appear in the Ox or Bull until the animal is five years old, and then -they are frequently too confused to be accurately counted. - -When in health, a softness of the skin, and a glossy appearance of the -hair, not only indicates present health, but a disposition to thrive; -while a hard dry skin clinging to the ribs, and a staring in every -direction, show that there is something wrong in the constitution, and -that it will be labor in vain to attempt to fatten such a beast, for your -own interest, you should put your beast in good condition, and keep it in -condition. - - - - -ON THE DISEASES OF HORNED CATTLE. - - -INFLAMMATION:--Inflammation is the most frequent diseased condition to -which neat Cattle are subject. External inflammation is known by the -part being swollen, tender and hotter, than in its natural state; in -garget or downfall of the udder, which is an inflammation of one or more -quarters of the bag; the affected parts are swollen, tender and hot. If -this state of the bag is neglected, matter or pus will be formed, and -make a troublesome job, this should not be neglected or deferred; if it -is properly treated, the swelling heat and tenderness will generally -disappear. - - -INTERNAL INFLAMMATION. - -Internal Inflammation by other and often more indistinct symptoms. We -can here seldom ascertain the heat or tenderness, or swelling of the -part, and can usually only judge of the complaint, by the effects which -it produces on the system. Every internal inflammation soon affects the -whole system, accompanied with considerable fever, and that fever and -degree of it is easily ascertained by the heat of the breath, and the -mouth, and the base of the horn, by the redness of the eye, hardness -of the pulse and the loss of appetite. When Inflammation seizes any -important organ, as the brain, lungs, bowels, kidneys, udder, &c., -bleeding is to be immediately had recourse to, after bleeding, a purging -drink is to be administered, sometimes it is necessary to insert a seton -in the dew lap. For external inflammation from severe bruises, wounds and -other accidents, fomentations with warm or cold water. Poultices made of -Linseed Oil, when they can be applied. - - -BLEEDING, ITS UTILITY. - -Bleeding is a most useful and powerful remedy, in the cure of -Inflammatory Complaints. It lessens the quantity of blood in the vessels, -and diminishes nervous power. The following are the chief diseases, in -which bleeding is required. - -In all kinds of fever, itching and humors of the skin, enlarged glands, -or kernels between the jaws, bruises, strains, catarrh or colds, &c. - -The jugular or neck vein, is that which is mostly opened; in many -inflammatory complaints too much can hardly be taken, provided the -bleeding be stopped as soon as the patient appears likely to faint or -fall down. A strong healthy Beast will bear the loss of five-six quarts -of blood without the least injury; large Cattle will bear seven or eight -quarts with decided advantage. - - -ON PHYSIC. - -The chief purgative Medicines for neat Cattle are Glauber Salts, Epsom -Salts, Barbadoes aloes, Linseed Oil and Sulphur. In some extreme cases -the Croton Nut, freshly prepared may be used with decided advantage. -Aloes are getting into disuse, on account of it nauseating and exciting -the Animal; if it does not operate immediately, half an ounce of aloes -may be added to the salts with decided advantage. In particular diseases -where there is considerable fever, or the attack of fever is apprehended, -there is no purgative so beneficial as the Epsom Salts; in bad cases -twenty four ounces may be given at a dose, and eight ounces of sulphur -every six hours, until the purgative effect is produced. Linseed Oil is a -good purgative, the dose is from a pint to a pint and a half. Common Salt -is a very good purgative in mild cases, a pound dissolved in warm water -is a dose; it should not be given when the animal labors with fever. - - -ON SETONING. - -The utility of setoning is to create excitement and unload the overloaded -vessels in neighboring inflamed parts. The mode of inserting a seton, -it is commonly made of horse hair platted together, cord or tape alone -or leather, it should be tolerable thick and ten or twelve inches in -length. Before inserting the seton it should be dipped or saturated with -Turpentine, tincture of Cantharides, or Helebore. The seton now prepared; -an assistant is to hold the animal, while the seton needle with the cord -affixed to it is plunged into the upper edge of the brisket or dew lap, -and brought out again towards its lower edge. The space between the two -openings should be from four to eight inches; the seton is to be secured -by fastening a small piece of wood, or tying a large knot at either end -of the cord; matter will begin to run the second day, and after that the -cord should be drawn backwards and forwards two or three times a day, in -order to irritate the parts, by this means increase the discharge. Where -a considerable effect is intended to be produced, the black helebore is -the best, this will very quickly cause considerable swelling, as well as -a discharge. - - -COLDS AND COUGHS. - -Colds or Coughs are frequently much neglected, and very much injures the -animal, let this hint suffice, as soon as you perceive the animal to have -the cough, give a purging drink. Take epsom salts 1 lb., powdered caraway -seeds ½ oz., dissolve in a quart of warm gruel. After that use the cough -and fever drink until relieved twice a day. - -Cough and fever medicine.--Take emetic tartar 1 oz., powdered digitalis ½ -drachm, saltpetre 3 drachms, mix and give in a quart of gruel; house the -beast and keep it comfortable, especially at night, do not expose to cold -and wet weather. - -If the above should not give relief: Take emetic tartar half drachm, -nitre two drachms, powdered gentian root one drachm, powdered chamomile -flowers one drachm and powder ginger half drachm. Pour upon them a pint -of boiling ale, and give the infusion, when nearly cold; give until -relieved. Should not this entirely relieve--take liquorice root 2 oz; -bruise and boil in a quart of water, until the fluid is reduced to a -pint, then add two drachms powdered squills, honey 2 ounces; add to the -above and give as directed in the above. - - -INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. - -Inflammation of the Lungs is caused by perspiration, sudden and great -changes of the weather, especially when accompanied with wet and damp air -at night, and particularly when driving a long journey. - -Symptoms are dullness, shivering cough, particularly soar, the ear, roots -of the horns and legs are generally cold; the breath and mouth is hot, -the mouth generally open, and there is a ropy discharge from it; the -beast will often lie down and can scarcely be induced to move, the flanks -heave, the head is protruded, showing great difficulty in breathing. - -REMEDY:--Copious bleeding is the first and great important remedy; bleed -until the beast trembles, if you do not, you will lose your beast; -next, place in your seton in the dewlap, fire the sides and blister, -then follow with the Fever medicine. Emetic tartar 1 drachm, digitalis ½ -drachm, nitre ⅓ drachms; continue until relieved twice a day. - - -DERANGEMENT OF THE LUNGS. - -When the milch Cow is attacked, there is a diminution of the milk, and -it has a ropy appearance and a saltish taste after being separated from -the cream. The animal has a heavy appearance; the eyes being dull, with -a stiffened staggering gait; the appetite is impaired, the nostrils and -skin is of a yellow color, the bowels are generally costive, by pressing -on the edge of the short ribs on the right side, the animal will shrink, -indicating pain and tenderness. Remedy:--If any fever bleed, then follow -with one or two drachms of calomel, 1 scruple of Opium, 2 drachms of -ginger, give in gruel a few hours afterwards. Give 12 ounces epsom salt -and half pint Linseed oil; the calomel and opium may be repeated twice a -day, and the purgative also, until the bowels are sufficiently operated -upon; the sides may also be blistered, and seton may also be inserted. If -the animal should be left weak, use the following tonic drink:--Gentian -root powder ½ oz., ginger 1 drachm, epsom salts 2 oz., mix the whole with -a pint of warm water gruel, and give it morning and night. - - -INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. - -CAUSES:--It proceeds most commonly from redundancy of blood, or -overflowing of the blood, by means of hastening the fattening too -rapidly, or by turning in a rich pasture. - -SYMPTOMS:--In the early period of it, the beast is dull and stupid, -he stands with his head protruding, or pressed against something for -support, he refuses to eat, is unconscious of the surrounding objects, -now and then suddenly drops as if he were shot, he starts up all at once, -is fearless of any surrounding object, his eyes will become red starting -from their sockets, will stagger about, falling and rising again and run -against everything in his way, he will stamp, tear up the ground with its -horns, run at every one within its reach, bellowing until nature is quite -exhausted; trembling will then come over him, he will grind his teeth and -saliva will pour from his mouth, every limb will be convulsed and he will -presently fall and die. - -REMEDY:--The chief or only cure is bleeding, let the blood flow rapidly -until he falls from the loss of blood. Setons should be placed on each -side of the poll, and blistered on the forehead, then follow with heavy -doses of physic, when relieved feed cautiously for a few weeks. - - -STAGGERS OR SWIMMING in THE HEAD. - -CAUSE:--Starvation during the winter season, and being admitted into too -fertile a pasture in the Spring, producing a redundancy of blood, which -gives rise to the disease. - -SYMPTOMS:--Are heaviness, dullness, disposition to sleep, resting his -head upon any convenient place, reels and staggers when he attempts to -walk. - -If this disease is not checked by bleeding, or purging, or proper -management, it may terminate in inflammation of the brain or fever. - -REMEDY:--This must be remedied by bleeding, purging and giving the fever -medicine--after purging, give emetic tartar one drachm, digitalis ½ -drachm, nitre ¼ drachms twice a day until relieved, feed cautiously. - - -INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS WITH COSTIVENESS. - -Inflammation of the bowels is by no means an uncommon disease among neat -cattle, very often proves fatal. It is easily recognized by the peculiar -symptoms. - -CAUSE:--This disease mostly arises from exposure to cold, and especially -when cattle go into rivers or ponds, after being heated and fatigued, -chilling the blood. It is sometimes produced by too much dry or -stimulating food. - -SYMPTOMS:--The animal is continually lying down, getting up again, -strikes at his belly with his hind feet. The bowels obstinately -constipated; dungs in small quantities, hard, covered with mucus at -times, streaked with blood--the urine is generally voided with difficulty -and heaving at the flanks, accompanied with fever, becomes fearfully weak -and staggers as he walks, he leaves his company, hides himself under -hedges, &c. Becomes deaf, he trembles all over, his skin is hot, back -and loins tender, ears and horns hot, indicating the highest degree of -general fever. - -REMEDY:--The first thing to be done and that which admits of no delay, is -to bleed profusely. Next, purge freely; continue the purging medicines -until the bowels are freely opened, then lessen the doses so as to keep -the bowels open. In severe cases you must give injections until the -medicines operate freely. This is a very dangerous disease and the course -pursued must be decisive, or the beast is lost! The only hope you have -after bleeding, is in physicing; you should by all means clyster largely -and in great quantities, the epsom salts and castor oil will do no harm; -thin gruel is very good! Let these hints suffice. - - -DIARRHEA OR PURGING. - -DIARRHEA OR PURGING:--In the first place indicates some disordered state -of the bowels, or the presence of some offending matter in them, and he -will endeavor to remedy this; not by attempting to arrest the discharge -too speedily! First, give a mild physic, then follow with the astringent. - -REMEDY:--Take a strong decoction, white oak bark 3 ounces, laudanum 1½ -oz., golden tincture 1 oz. Give it in thin gruel until relieved. - -Dysentery, Slimy Flux, or scouring rot is treated the same way. The -symptoms of this are considerable tenderness on the spine a little beyond -the shoulders, the dewlap hangs down, and has a flabby appearance; the -dung runs off with a putrid and offensive smell, and as it falls upon the -ground, rises up in bubbles, the hair appears pen feathered or starring; -the eyes are generally inflamed, with heaving of the flanks, painful -twitching of the belly, severe straining, griping, &c. This disease -treated the same as Diarrhea. - - -RED WATER. - -RED WATER:--This disease consists of a discharge of high colored urine, -occasionally tinged with a bloody appearance, it is an affection of the -kidneys; in some cases the discharge changes to a dark red, or blackish -color. When the kidneys are effected, the beast evinces tenderness on -pressing the loins. - -REMEDY:--Take oil of juniper ½ oz., laudanum 1 oz., oil turpentine 1 oz., -mix and give in a pint linseed tea, once or twice a day until relieved. -The oil of juniper may be increased or diminished as the case may require -it. - - -GARGET, DOWNFALL IN THE UDDER, OR INFLAMED BAG. - -This is a disease of the utmost consequence to the owners of Cattle; -young Cows in high condition are most liable to it, especially at the -time of calving. This disease makes its appearance in one or more -quarters of the bag, which becomes swollen, hard, hotter than usual -and painful when pressed. The milk is lessened and mingled with blood, -pus and corruption, at times the flow of milk is totally stopped and -sometimes the inflammation extends to the hip joint, hock and foot lock. - -REMEDY:--It will be necessary as soon as the downfall is discovered, -and especially in an aggravated case, to bring the animal out of the -pasture and if deemed necessary, take from three to five quarts of -blood according to the size or strength, next give her a purging drink -and bathe the udder well with elder ointment, or use mercurial garget -ointment, which is made by taking soft Soap 1 lb., Mercurial Ointment -2 ounces, camphor rubbed down with a little spirits of wine 1 ounce, -rub them well together. Should there be any fever, give a few doses of -fever medicine; this is a disease of great importance, as many Cows are -ruined or lost purely from neglect. The milk must be taken from the Cow -perfectly clean, and this should be done several times during the day; -and the Cow must be fed scantily and with no stimulating food. - -The teats sometimes get very sore, this is easily remedied by using the -ointment for sore teats. Take elder ointment 6 ounces, Bees wax 2 ounces, -Sugar of lead 1 ounce, Alum 1 ounce in fine powder, mix them well -together, whilst cooling bathe the teats freely. - - -TREATMENT OF THE COW, BEFORE AND DURING CALVING. - -It is an old and true saying, and the truth of it is nowhere more evident -than in treatment of the Milch Cow; that the prevention of an evil is -better than the cure. The Cow should be dried six or eight weeks before -calving, for two reasons: First, the strength and constitution of the Cow -require a little respite. Second, the mixture of the old milk and the new -secretions, that nature prepares for the expected calf. During the early -period of gestation, the animal may and should be tolerably well fed, for -she has to provide milk for the Dairy, and nourishment for the fœtus. -But when she is dried, her food should be considerably diminished:--She -should not be too fat, or full of blood at the time of calving, for that -is the frequent cause of difficult labor, garget fever and death. - -There are few things in which the Farmer errs, more than in this. There -is also an error in starving her before she calves, but, is much more -danger in bringing her into too high condition. Some Cows are apt to -slink their calves before their time; this generally happens about the -middle of their pregnancy. She becomes feverish of her food, wandering -in search of something which she seems to be longing for. She should be -immediately removed from the other cows, bled and physiced; the best -thing to be done is to fatten her for the butcher, for she will be very -certain to do the same again. When the ninth month is nearly expired, she -should be looked after; if in high condition, she should be physiced, and -if necessary, bled, and if she is about to calve, she should be separated -from the other cows, or brought into the cow-house, and suffered to -remain quiet, and undisturbed. But should she not be successful in -calving within a reasonable time, she should have assistance. - -SYMPTOMS:--Are uneasiness, slight lifting of the tail, lying down and -getting up. The still earlier symptoms are enlargement of the udder, and -redness of the space between the shape and the udder. - -TREATMENT:--When the labor has actually commenced, the membranes will -more and more protrude until they break, and the fluid by which the calf -was surrounded will escape. If her pains are strong, she should not be -meddled with for a few hours. And if no portion of the Calf presents -itself, the hand well greased should be introduced, in order to ascertain -the situation, and position of the calf. The natural position is with the -fore feet presenting, and the muzzel lying upon the fore leg. If this -is found to be the case and it has advanced into the passage, sometime -longer should be allowed to see what nature will do. However, as soon as -you perceive the throes to begin to weaken, if no progress has been made, -manual assistance must be rendered. - -Here there are two objects to be accomplished; the saving of the lives of -both the mother and the young one; all should be done gently. - - -THE MODE OF ASSISTANCE. - -The hand should be well greased, then introduced, and the fore-legs of -the calf laid hold of and drawn down, drawing gently at the moment of -the mother’s throes. Care should be taken that the head is accompanying -them. The hand will sometimes be sufficient for this purpose. If the head -cannot be moved by the hand, a cord must be procured with a slip knot at -the end, which is to be moved carefully into the passage, and the mouth -of the young animal being opened, fastened round his lower jaw, the end -of this must be given to an assistant, who should pull gently but firmly -at the moment of the throes, while the operator draws out the feet. - -Should not this succeed, take two other cords or rope, and fasten one -around each leg--two assistants should pull at the feet and another at -the head; while one ascertains the progress that is made--too much force -should not be used, as the calf may yet be saved. Remember the natural -position of the calf, is the presenting of the muzzel lying upon the -fore-legs. The most usual false position, is the presentation of the -head, while the feet of the calf are doubled down under his belly. A cord -must be passed as before, around the lower jaw, which is then to be -pushed back into the womb. The operator now introduces his hand and feels -the situation of the feet, then fix a cord around each pastern, or about -the knee, and bring them into the passage. The head is next to be brought -forward again by means of the cord; the cords being now pulled steadily -together, it will generally be extracted. Should the calf be dead, and -much swollen, the head may then be opened by means of a knife, so as to -lessen the bulk. When the feet present and the head is doubled under the -rim of the passage, the cords should be placed round the feet, the hand -passed into the womb, and the cord looped round the lower jaw. The calf -pushed farther back into the womb, the head brought into the passage and -the three ropes pulled together. The delivery effected as quickly as may -be without the exertion of more force than is necessary. - -The last false presentation is the breach--the tail appearing at the -mouth of the shape. The hand is to be passed into the uterus, fasten the -cords around each hock. The calf is then pushed as far back as possible -into the womb, and the hocks are after brought into the passage, the -head placed in the proper position, and the ropes changed if necessary, -and all three cords drawn gently, until the calf is extracted; -considerable force is sometimes needed, but should all be done gently, -with an increase of drawing, until the job is completed. By studying -these cases, the operator will be able to accomplish his object. In all -cases of false presentations, although great force must sometimes be used. - -The uterus, or calf bed is sometimes protruded and inverted. The case -is not desperate. The part must be cleansed from blood and dirt, and -supported by a sheet, then the operator beginning at the very bottom of -the womb, returning gradually, and with great care, and patience. The -animal should be bled before this is attempted, and the application of -cold water should be used for some time; this will contract the womb, and -render its return more easy. A stick or couple should be passed through -the lips of the shape; in order to prevent its return, and give the -following medicines a few times: Take laudanum 1 oz., sweet spirits of -nitre 2 oz., give in a pint of warm gruel. The protrusion or inversion -of the gut, should be returned the same as in the womb, and a few sticks -placed through the shape. - -The Cow should in all cases be suffered to lick or clean the calf, as -nature has designed it. The cow and calf will be much happier if suffered -to remain together for several hours, having free access to each other. -The mother should not be exposed to severe weather, immediately after -calving. Should have a few warm mashes. - - -THE MILK FEVER. - -This is a disease which is prevalent amongst Cows in high condition. - -SYMPTOMS:--Staggering gait, breathing irregular, eyes full and glassy, -the animal reels, is unconscious, the head turned on one side, the -feeling partially lost, the legs sometimes become paralyzed. - -REMEDY:--Take epsom salts 12 ounces, flour sulphur 4 ounces, ginger ¼ -oz., spirits of nitrous ether 1 oz., dissolve in warm water--give one -half of this twice a day, until the bowels are opened, continue until -relieved. - - -DISEASES OF THE EYE. - -Diseases of the eye are generally inflammations, and caused by a bruise -or blow inflicted carelessly. - -REMEDY:--First bathe the eye well with cold water several times, say some -ten or fifteen minutes at a time. Then use the following lotion. Take 40 -grains sulphate of zinc, dissolve in ½ pint soft warm water, and bathe -the eyes until completely relieved. - - -THE HOOVE OR BLOWEN FROM PASTURE. - -CAUSES:--The cause of Cattle becoming bloated, is from being turned into -the pasture in the spring of the year, whilst the pasture is young and -full of sap, the ox or cow eats greedily and rapidly, so much so that -the stomach is unable to propel forward, the portions of food as it is -received, and becomes overloaded and clogged, the food remaining in the -stomach too long. Then comes the great danger; what you can do must be -done at once, or not at all. The symptoms are plain enough, the beast -swells to an enormous extent, the breathing is very laborious, and the -beast is threatened with suffocation from the pressure of the stomach on -the lungs. The animal is lost unless relief is soon obtained. - -REMEDY:--Relief is sometimes obtained from motion and running the beast -moderately; sometimes from placing tar, or a tar band into the mouth; -sometimes from taking salt and black pepper and throwing it down the -throat; some persons have run a lancet, or pocket knife, into the animal, -at the spot passing through the skin, and the wall of the belly, so as to -enter the paunch; this should be done midway between the last rib and the -haunch bone. Another excellent remedy is ½ oz. Chloride of Lime, put into -a pint or quart of warm water, and put into the stomach, these generally -give immediate relief. There are other remedies, which generally give -relief; such as Lime water--also 1½ ounces of Hartshorn may be given, -with 1½ pints of water, or 1 ounce Sulphuric Ether in 1 pint of water. -The following is plain and simple, and gives relief in almost every case. -This has been used extensively, and always given satisfaction. - -RECEIPT:--Take two tablespoonsful Rappee Snuff, 1 gill Vinegar, 1 gill -Sweet Milk. Mix well and give as a drench. This has been thoroughly tried -and relieved nineteen cases out of twenty; it is simple and worthy of -attention. No time should be lost in this disease; what you can do must -be done at once, or not at all. - -PREVENTATIVES:--Every Farmer should adopt the rule, to feed his cattle -the following: - -Every morning, take 1 pint air slacked lime, 1 pint ground alum salt--mix -well and feed with offal. Every particle of the lime should be slacked. -Adopt this rule and you will have little or no trouble with your cattle. -Dose from 1 to 2 tablespoonsful every morning, in offal before turning -into pasture. Another preventative:--Take ashes, air slacked lime, and -ground alum salt, equal portions, and feed every morning, or if you have -not the lime, the salt and ashes will do well. - - -CHOKING. - -Cattle are extremely liable to become choked on turnips, roots, apples, -potatoes. - -REMEDY:--Give ½ pint of oil, which will lubricate the passage, then run -gag, or tube, or rod, with a knob at the end, down the throat; this -should be done carefully, so as not to injure the parts. Should you not -give relief by this means, find the position, or place where the apple, -or turnip has lodged. This may be done by pressing carefully along down -the throat; place a block on the one side of the object, then strike a -right smart blow with a mallet, or billet of wood, sufficient to crush -the apple or object to pieces, which will instantly be blown out, and the -animal relieved. - - -POISONS. - -Little can be done in this, unless you have a pump, so as to extract the -poison from the stomach, then follow with physics. - - -EMBROCATION FOR BITE OF VIPER. - -Take hartshorn, spirits camphor, olive oil, equal quantities--mix and rub -the wound, and neighboring parts well, morning and night. - -One pint whiskey, 1 ounce hartshorn, 1 oz. spirits camphor, ½ pint warm -water should be given to the animal. - - -WOUNDS. - -The first thing is to clean the wound from all dirt and gravel. A good -fomentation with warm water will effect this. If the wound is much -lacerated, or punctured, we must bring them neatly together. If any -portions so torn as to prevent its from doing this completely, they -should be removed with a knife, or sharp scissors; then the edges brought -together by means of passing a needle and strong waxed twine deeply -through them, making two, three or more stitches, half inch from each -other. Then apply the tincture of myrrh and aloes, and bandage tolerably -firm, not so much so as to prevent the circulation. If there should be -proud flesh, the wound must be cleansed with a strong solution of blue -vitriol, and then dressed with the tincture. All wounds should be first -well cleansed, before applying anything on them. - - -ANGLE BERRIES OR WARTS. - -These are little warty tumors, growing on various parts of the skin, and -sometimes on the teats. - -REMEDY:--The easiest and shortest way to remove them, is to tie a piece -of waxed silk firmly around the base of each, and to tighten them every -day; by means of this, the tumor will drop off, and will rarely grow -again. To make it certain, the parts should be touched with a hot iron -or lunar caustic; the warts should be well scarred, and they will never -appear again. - - -THE FOUL IN THE FOOT. - -The first thing is to examine the wound carefully, and see how far it -extends under the hoof or horn. The first step is to clean all the -foul or proud flesh, by means of a knife, then apply lunar caustic, or -muriatic acid, until the wound becomes healthy and dry. In extreme cases -where there is swelling, apply a poultice night and morning, then apply -the caustic, and keep dry and from all danger of getting dirt and gravel -in. When the wound begins to look healthy, apply the tincture of Aloes -and Myrrh, until perfectly relieved, and give a gentle purgative. - - -TO DRY A COW OF HER MILK. - -The best time to dry cows is whilst feeding dry feed. A good dose of -physic and after it has operated, follow with an astringent drink, will -generally settle the business. Six drachms of alum dissolved in 1 pint -water, is a dose. The cow should be milked clean when the astringent is -given; feed on dry food for a few days. Should the udder get very hard in -a few days, milk clean and give another astringent drink, and the third -may be given if necessary. - - -THE MANGE. - -This is a troublesome disease among cattle, at times the itching torments -the beast wonderfully, causing the cow to fall off in her milk, and -generally get thin in flesh, if suffered to remain any length of time. -The most effectual application is an ointment, which, sulphur is the -principal ingredient. - -MANGE OINTMENT:--Take flour of sulphur 1 lb., strong mercurial ointment -2 ounces, common turpentine ½ pint, lard 1½ lb. Melt the turpentine and -lard together well; stir in the sulphur when it begins to cool--when -cool, rub the mercurial ointment on a marble slab, with the other -ingredients, mix these together. This should be well rubbed in with the -hand daily, wherever there is mange. If in the winter, the animal should -not be exposed to severe cold. Give a few doses of physic, with sulphur -added to it. Warbles gad fly or ose fly, is quite an annoyance to the -animal. The fly generally alights on the back, deposits the egg under the -skin, causing a tumour to rise the size of an hazel nut, some larger--it -soon bursts, leaving a hole on the top, for the grub or worm, which now -lives and feeds on the fatty matter. - -REMEDY:--Squeeze out the worm or grub, by pressing firmly, if this cannot -be accomplished, open it with a lancet or knife, and put in a few drops -spirits turpentine, a few times which will destroy the grub. - - -RABIES OR HYDROPHOBIA. - -This is a dreadful Disease, produced by the bite of a rabid or mad dog. -The symptoms of its approach are dullness, loss of appetite, the eyes -protruding and red; is continually voiding urine or dunging, saliva -drivels from his mouth: presently weakness of the loins, and staggering -appear; sometimes they linger six or seven days, and die. There is no -cure. - -REMEDY:--Destroy the animal as soon as possible. Care should be taken -that the saliva is not received on a wound; any wound which it has fallen -on, should be immediately well burned with lunar caustic. Should you -see the rabid dog bite your animal, and find the spot, immediately burn -the wound well with the lunar caustic, there is a possibility of their -escape. The hair should be clipped off, and every scratch carefully -touched with the caustic. - - -FOR YOUNG CALVES. - -Should the mother’s milk not be sufficient to operate upon the bowels, -or not at all, give 1 or 2 ounces Epsom salts, according to the -size: dissolve in ½ pint gruel, add a little ginger, and a few drops -peppermint, or as you may give Castor oil; if it should be an obstinate -case, give an injection or two of salts dissolved in water, and a little -castor oil, this will set all right. - - -COW POWDERS. - -This is an excellent powder for general derangements of the System. Such -as falling off of the milk, dullness, stupidness, staring of the hair, -&c. - -This powder is truly astonishing in its effects on cattle, giving new -life and vigor to the animal. No owner of cattle should do without this -powder, and should adopt the rule to feed all his cattle, some of the -powder, once or twice a year, and especially before commencing to fatten -them. This powder is equally as good for Sheep. Take - - ½ pound gentian root, - ½ “ flour of brimstone, - ½ “ fenugreek, - ½ “ rosin, - ½ “ copperas, - ¼ “ cream of tartar, - ½ “ epsom salts, - ½ “ juniper berries, - ½ “ spice berries, - ¼ “ salts nitre, - ½ “ ginger, - ¼ “ caraway seed, - ¼ “ aniseed, - 2 oz. antimony, - 2 oz. columbo, - 1 oz. gum asafœtida, - 2 oz. alum, - -Pulverize these articles fine and mix well, and it is ready for use. Any -of the above articles can be had at any Drug Store. - -DIRECTIONS FOR USE:--Dose for a full grown animal, one tablespoonful once -or twice a day, as the case may require. - -This powder cannot be excelled, it is an excellent medicine for all -derangements of the system, it is perfectly harmless, and should be -fed sometime in all chronic and lingering diseases, or at least until -entirely relieved, and the system put in perfect health. No animal can -thrive unless in health. Therefore every farmer should adopt the rule -to feed all his stock, and especially those which he wishes to fatten -with some of these powders; by so doing you will save feed and time. In -fattening, feed on offal. - -DIRECTIONS:--For a full grown sheep, dose, 1 teaspoonful once or twice a -day, as the necessity of the case may require. Feed on offal. - - - - -INDEX TO DISEASES OF HORSES. - - - Bots or Grubs, PAGE. 25-26 - - Brood Mares, 57 - - - Chest Founder, 39 - - Chronic Cough, 45 - - - Ears, 30 - - Enlargement of the Hock, 48 - - Epidemics, 44 - - Eyes, 29 - - - Flatulent Colic, 9 10 11 - - Founder Acute, 52 53 54 - - - Grease, 50 51 - - - Inflammation, 40 41 42 - - ---- Bladder, 15 16 - - ---- Bowels, 22 23 24 - - ---- Feet, 52 53 54 - - ---- Kidneys, 17 - - ---- Larynx, 43 44 - - ---- Lungs, 18 19 20 21 - - Injury of the Eyes, 34 - - - Lampass, 35 - - - Membranes of the Nose, 27 28 - - - Physicing, 47 - - Poll Evil, 5 6 7 8 - - Process of Teething, 36 37 38 - - - Rabies or Madness, 33 - - Restiveness or taming Horses, 55 56 - - - Spasmodic Colic, 12 13 14 - - Sprain of Back Sinews, 48 - - ---- of Coffin Joint, 49 - - Staggers, 31 32 - - - Thick or Broken Wind, 46 - - - Warts, 58 - - - - -INDEX TO RECEIPTS BELONGING TO THE HORSE. - - - A Good Horse Powder, 68 - - Arabian Oil for Horses, 61 - - - Blistering, 69 - - ---- Ointment, 71 - - - Celebrated Horse Powders, 60 61 - - Cooling lotion for inflammation, 74 - - Cure for Ring Bone, 71 - - ---- Blood or Bog Spavin, 68 - - ---- Black Tongue, 63 - - ---- Bots, 62 90 - - ---- Distemper, 66 - - ---- Galds on Horses, 61 - - ---- Sweaney, 74 75 76 - - ---- Urine Bound, 65 - - - Embrocation for the Throat, 67 - - - For the Blacksmith, 89 - - - Hoof Ointment, 66 - - How to throw a Horse, 77 78 79 80 - - ---- to break a kicking Horse, 85 86 87 88 - - ---- to make a Horse follow you, 91 - - ---- to learn him to stand still, 92 - - - Infallible Lotion for Bruises, &c., 63 - - - Liniment for Sprains, 73 - - Lotion for Scratches or Grease, 64 - - - Quiet or Tame Horses, 64 - - - Rules for a Horse that Shies, 81 82 83 84 - - - Spirits of Pimento, 72 - - - Tincture, Aloes and Myrrh, 70 - - ---- Iodine, 73 - - ---- Opium, 70 - - To make Elder Ointment, 67 - - Treatment of Founder, 65 - - - - -INDEX TO MEDICINES BELONGING TO THE HORSE. - - - Alcohol, 94 - - Aloes, 95 - - Alum, 96 - - Antimony, 93 - - Aqua-Fortis, 94 - - - Balls or Pills, 98 - - - Cantharides, 97 - - Charcoal, 97 - - Chloride of Lime, 107 - - Clysters, 99 - - Common Salt, 106 - - - Digitalis, 100 - - Drinks and Drenches, 104 - - - Fomentations, 102 - - - Gentian, 102 - - Ginger, 101 - - ---- Root, 107 - - - Liniments, 105 - - Linseed, 99 - - - Mashes, 101 - - Muriatic Acid, 96 - - Mustard, 96 - - - Opium, 103 - - - Pitch, 100 - - Poultices, 103 - - - Spasmodics, 93 - - Spirits of Camphor, 93 - - Sulphur, 105 - - Sulphuric Acid, 95 - - - Tar, 104 - - Turpentine, 106 - - Thompson’s No. 6, 108 - - - Vinegar, 94 - - - Zinc or Calamine Powder, 108 - - - - -INDEX TO DOMESTIC MEDICINES. - - - American Helebore, 112 - - ---- Columbo, 118 - - ---- Gentuary, 121 - - - Black Alder, 119 - - Blood or Percoon Root, 122 - - Boneset or Thoroughwort, 123 - - Bitter Root or Silkweed, 124 - - Boiled Cider, 166 - - Black Ink, 171 172 - - Black or Dewberry Wine, 169 - - Black or Dewberry Cordial, 168 - - - Compost to prevent Crows from Corn, 204 - - Clay Poultice for Man or Horse, 200 - - Cure for bite of Mad Dog, 200 - - ---- for Bite of Snake, 200 - - ---- for Bronchitis, 196 - - ---- for Cancer, 164 - - ---- for Felon, 195 - - Cox’s Hive Syrup, 187 - - Cologne Water, 178 - - Cherry Brandy, 167 - - Consumer, 129 - - Compound Tincture of Gentian, 116 - - Cement for Grafting, 115 - - Cement to Mend Glass, 111 - - - Dandeline, 121 - - Dr. Wickey’s Cholera Medicine, 148 149 150 151 - - Domestic Tonic, 201 - - Domestic Yeast, 204 - - Dr. Young’s Pills, 186 - - Domestic Cough Syrup, 189 - - - Essence of Cinnamon, 194 - - Eye Water, 194 - - Essence of Peppermint, 193 - - Essence of Lemon, 193 - - Extempore Gaseous Chalybeate Water, 125 - - Emetic for Poison, 113 - - - French Patent Oil Varnish, 187 - - Furniture Polish, 192 - - - Gas Beer, 169 - - Great Salve for Wounds, &c., 190 - - Grease for Carriages, &c., 197 - - Guaiacum, Amoniated Tincture, 115 - - Gentian, 126 - - Green Ointment, 201 - - - Health, Its Value &c., 138 to 142 - - How to Prolong Life, 143 to 146 - - How to Keep Apples, 203 - - How to destroy Lice on Chickens, 205 - - - Indian Turnip, 113 - - Indellible Ink, 171 - - - Judkins’ Ointment, 162 - - - Keep Cider sweet, 165 - - - Liquid Opodeldoc, 147 - - Lunar Caustic, 111 - - - Make Honey without Bees, 161 - - Make Soft Soap, 191 - - - Ointment for Scrofulus Ulcers, 201 - - ----, Milch Scald, 116 - - - Piles, 164 - - Prof. Biddle’s Celebrated Preparation, 174 175 - - Preserve Butter, 180 - - Pickel Cucumbers, 181 - - Preserve Peaches, 182 - - Preserve Plumbs, 182 - - Pleurisy Root, 125 - - Pickling Pears, 130 - - Preservation of the Health, 131 to 137 - - Patent Black Japan, 191 - - Plague Blister, 198 - - - Remedies for Rheumatism, 152 to 160 - - Receipt for Humors on Children, 199 - - Receipt for Hogs, 197 - - Rattleweed Root, 127 - - Remedy for Bite of a Snake, 163 - - Red Ink, 171 - - Restore the Hair in Baldness, 176 - - Remedy for Itch, 185 186 - - - Soap to Take Grease out of Cloth, &c., 183 184 - - Soft Ginger Bread, 181 - - Silver Top Drink, 170 - - Simple Syrup of Rhubarb, 117 - - ---- Tincture of Rhubarb, 117 - - Seneca Snake Root, 114 - - Soda Powders, 190 - - - Transplanting Trees, 200 - - Tincture of Peach Kernels, 202 - - The Prickley Ash, 120 - - Toothache Balsam, 177 - - ---- Drops, 179 - - Tooth Powder, 177 - - Transparent Soap, 173 - - - White Swelling, 165 - - Washing Fluid, 172 - - Worth Knowing, 205 - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Farmer's Own Book, by J. 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