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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0a5d367 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #53981 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/53981) diff --git a/old/53981-0.txt b/old/53981-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index d1e3001..0000000 --- a/old/53981-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1545 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 6, -August 8, 1840, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 6, August 8, 1840 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: January 17, 2017 [EBook #53981] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, AUG 8, 1840 *** - - - - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - - - - - - - - - - - THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL. - - NUMBER 6. SATURDAY, AUGUST 8, 1840. VOLUME I. - -[Illustration: THE RED MEN OF AMERICA.--FIRST ARTICLE.] - -It is a melancholy truth that this most interesting portion of the human -race is rapidly disappearing from the surface of the earth. War, its -murderous effects centupled by the destructive weapons acquired from the -white man--disease in new and terrible forms, to the treatment of which -their simple skill, and materia medica, equally simple, are wholly -incompetent--famine, the consequence of their sadly changed habits, of the -intemperance and wastefulness, substituted by the insidious arts of the -trader for the moderation and foresight of their happier fathers--the -vices, in short, and the encroachments of civilization, all and each in -its turn are blotting out tribe after tribe from the records of humanity; -and the time is fast approaching when no Red man will remain, to guard or -to mourn over the tombs of his fathers. - -The conviction of this truth is become so deeply felt, that more than one -effort has been made, and is making, to preserve some memento of this -ill-treated people. We are not so much raising our own feeble voice in the -service, as attempting a record of what others have done; but so much has -been effected, and so zealous have been the exertions made to rescue the -memory, at least, of these dying nations from oblivion, that the space we -have assigned to this notice will be taken up long before our materials -are exhausted. The accuracy of the facts and statements we shall lay -before our readers may in every case be relied on. - -Among the most devoted and persevering explorers of the Red man’s -territory, is one from whose authority, and indeed from whose very lips, -in many instances, we derive a great portion of the circumstances we are -about to describe--we allude to the celebrated George Catlin, whose abode -of seven years among the least known of their tribes, and whose earnest -enthusiasm in the task of inquiry which formed the sole object of his -visit, together with his entire success in the pursuit, have constituted -him the very first authority of the day. We have, besides, consulted all -the writers on this now engrossing subject, but in most cases have -afterwards taken the highly competent opinion just quoted, as to the -accuracy of their descriptions--an opinion that has always been given with -evident care and consideration. - -Mr Catlin has painted with his own hand, and from the life, no less than -three hundred and ten portraits of chiefs, warriors, and other -distinguished individuals of the various tribes (forty-eight in number) -among whom he sojourned, with two hundred landscapes and other paintings -descriptive of their country, their villages, religious ceremonies, -customs, sports, and whatever else was most characteristic of Indian life -in its primitive state; he has likewise collected numerous specimens of -dresses, some fringed and garnished with scalp-locks from their enemies’ -heads; mantles and robes, on which are painted, in rude hieroglyphics, the -battles and other prominent events of their owners’ lives; head-dresses, -formed of the raven’s and war-eagle’s feathers, the effect of which is -strikingly warlike and imposing; spears, shields, war clubs, bows, musical -instruments, domestic utensils, belts, pouches, necklaces of bears’ claws, -mocassins, strings of wampum, tobacco sacks; all, in short, that could in -any way exemplify the habits and customs of the people whose memory he -desired to perpetuate, have been brought together, at great cost and some -hazard to life, by this indefatigable explorer--the whole forming a museum -of surpassing interest, and which is daily attracting the people of London -to the gallery wherein it is exhibited. - -The most important of the North American tribes are the Camanchees, -inhabiting the western parts of Texas, and numbering from 25,000 to 30,000 -expert horsemen and bold lancers, but excessively wild, and continually at -war; the Pawnee-Picts, neighbours to and in league with the Camanchees; -the Kiowas, also in alliance with the two warlike tribes above named, whom -they join alike in the battle or chase; the Sioux, numbering no less than -40,000, and inhabiting a vast tract on the upper waters of the Mississippi -and Missouri rivers. Next come the Pawnees, a tribe totally distinct both -in language and customs from the Pawnee-Picts, whose hunting-grounds are a -thousand miles distant from those of the Pawnees; this wild and very -warlike tribe shave the head with the exception of the scalp-lock (which -they would hold it cowardly and most unjust to their enemy to remove), as -do the Osages, the Konzas, &c. The Pawnees lost half their numbers by -small-pox in 1823, but are still very numerous; their seats are on the -river Platte, from the Missouri to the Rocky Mountains. - -The Blackfeet, the Crows (their inveterate enemies), the Crees, the -Assinneboins, occupying the country from the mouth of the Yellow Stone -River to Lake Winnipeg, the Ojibbeways or Chippeways, holding the southern -shores of Lake Superior, the Lake of the Woods, and the Athabasca; the -Flatheads, on the head-waters of the Columbia; and the Cherokees, removed -from Georgia to the upper waters of the Arkansas, are also important -tribes; as are the Muskogee or Creek Indians, recently transplanted from -Georgia and Alabama to the Arkansas, seven hundred miles west of the -Mississippi. - -The Seminolees are also in process of removal to the Arkansas, as are the -Enchees, once a powerful tribe, but now merging into the above, and with -them forming one people. Most of these tribes, as well as others that we -have not room even to specify, have been reduced, by the different -scourges before alluded to, in a manner frightful to contemplate. The -Delawares, for example, have lost 10,000 by small-pox alone; and from a -large and numerous tribe, now reckon 824 souls only! The Senecas, Oneidas -and Tuskaroras, once forming part of that great compact known as the “Six -Nations,” are now a mere name. The Kaskaskias, the Peorias, and the -Piankeshaws, have fallen victims to the practice of drinking spirits, and -to the diseases this fearful habit engenders, so that all are now reduced -to a few individuals. Some tribes are totally extinguished;--as, for -example the hospitable and friendly Mandans, of whom even the traders -themselves report that no one of them was ever known to destroy a white -man. These afford a melancholy instance of the rapidity with which the -extermination before alluded to is effected. In the year 1834, when Mr -Catlin visited these warlike and spirited, yet kindly dwellers of the -woods, their number was 2000; three years after, they were infected by the -traders with small-pox; and this, with certain suicides committed by -individuals who could not survive the loss of all they loved, destroyed -the whole tribe, some forty excepted, who were afterwards cut off by their -enemies of a neighbouring tribe, so that at this moment not a Mandan -exists over the whole wide continent, where, before the baleful appearance -of the white man, his free ancestors ranged so happily. - -This is bad, but a still more melancholy element of decay is the habit of -drinking spirituous liquors, which is daily gaining ground among these -hapless Americans; this produces an amount of crime and suffering that, -even in our own country, could find no parallel; not only is the excitable -nature of the Red man stirred to actual madness by these atrocious -poisons; but because, unlike his brother of civilized countries, he -depends on his own unassisted physical powers for the most immediate and -pressing wants of life--no grazier or butcher, no miller or baker, has -_he_ to provide for a time against improvidence on his part; from no -accommodating “shop” can _his_ wife gain credit for the moment--his family -starves at once if his own resources are destroyed; and an eloquent writer -of the day has well remarked, that “it is dreadful to reflect on the -situation of a poor Indian hunter, when he finds, he knows not why, that -his limbs are daily failing him in the chase, that his arrow ceases to go -straight to the mark, and that his nerves tremble before the wild animals -it was but lately his pride to encounter.” We have been furnished by -intelligent eye-witnesses with fearful instances of wrong and outrage -committed by the unhappy Indians on each other while under the influence -of the poison which we Christians--ah, woe for the profanation!--have -bestowed on our Red brothers; but our limits do not permit their -insertion. - -We call the native American, “Indian,” in compliance with established -custom; but there is no propriety in the term as applied to these people, -who call themselves “Red men,” and nothing else. They are for the most -part of robust make and of fair average size, except the Esquimaux -inhabitants of the extreme north, who are dwarfish, and the Abipones, -natives of the southern extremity of this vast continent, who are of great -height; they have prominent features, high cheek-bones, and small deeply -set black eyes; their complexion is a cinnamon colour, varying in its -shades, and esteemed handsome among themselves in proportion as it is -dark, but with a clear, warm, coppery hue, which last they esteem an -evidence of the divine favour, for they believe that the Great Spirit -loved his Red children better than their white brethren, and so breathed a -more vivid life into their veins; a distinction of which the visible sign -is the glowing complexion we have alluded to. - -The meaner vices are held in especial contempt among the yet -uncontaminated Indians: slanderers, cowards, liars, _misers_, and -_debtors_ who refuse to pay when the means are in their power, are shunned -as persons in whose society no respectable man should be seen. On the -subject of debt, in particular, Indian notions differ widely from ours. -Should his debtor be unable to meet his engagements in consequence of -illness or want of success in the chase, he scrupulously conceals the -inconvenience this may occasion, and is careful never to name debt in the -defaulter’s presence. - -But, on the other hand, should the inability of the debtor proceed from -indolence or intemperance, or should he be indisposed to pay when his -means permit, he is then characterised as a “bad man”--his friends -gradually abandon him, he becomes an object of public contempt, and -nothing could after this induce his creditor to accept from him even his -just demand. He is no longer _permitted_ to pay; he has forfeited the -privilege of the upright man, and must remain in the contempt into which -he has sunk; but such instances, it will be readily supposed, are -extremely rare. - -Cowardice is not punished by loss of reputation alone in some tribes; as, -among the Kansas, if the coward be found incorrigible, he is destroyed. -Te-pa-gee was a young warrior of this tribe, who had been more than once -charged with this fatal defect. He returned on a certain occasion with his -brethren from an expedition that had been eminently successful, but in -which he had himself behaved disgracefully. The whole tribe, except those -who had lost relations, were engaged the next day in the usual rejoicings; -but Te-pa-gee, conscious that cold looks were upon him, had withdrawn from -the public ceremonials, and seated himself sullenly on the trunk of a tree -by the river side. Shortly after, the dances of the squaws and children -having led them into his neighbourhood, the great mass of the tribe were -again around him, when E-gron-ga-see, one of their wisest men and bravest -warriors, came forth from the festive group, and the sports being -suspended, he declared to the offender, in a voice audible to all, that -his cowardice had forfeited his life. Te-pa-gee instantly bared his -breast, and the avenger, drawing his knife from beneath his robe, plunged -it deep into the culprit’s bosom. Another warrior of equal authority then -addressed the people, expatiating on the necessity of punishing such -crimes as that committed by Te-pa-gee, who had meanwhile died before them -almost without a groan. This fact is related by an eye-witness, who does -not, however, tell us whether the unhappy man’s constancy in death did not -go far to convince his judges that his fault was rather a defect of nerve -than the absence of power to endure. - -It is the custom of Indians at war with each other to imitate the cries of -various animals of the chase, for the purpose of luring unwary hunters -into an ambush. Three young warriors of the Ottawas being thus decoyed -into a wood, two of them were shot and scalped; the third ran for his -life, without discharging his piece, setting up the yell of defeat as he -ran. The men of his tribe were alarmed, and went instantly in pursuit of -the enemy, whom they could not overtake; but on their return, they fell in -with a hunting party of the same tribe, whom they fell upon by surprise -and scalped. The usual rejoicings of the women and children took place on -their return; they were seated under the shade of broad trees to smoke -with the old men, and Shembagah, the one who had escaped by running, went -towards them with looks congratulating their success; but no one deigned -him a look, or a word of notice, and he had scarcely got among them before -all rose and left, the place. This punishment was too great for him to -bear; he left his people without saying a word or taking leave of any one, -and was never more heard of, while the relater of this anecdote remained -with the tribe. - -A girl of the Ottawas being taken prisoner by a party of the Kansas, was -adopted into the family of a Kansas chief, and soon afterwards betrothed -to his son, a youth named Moi-bee-she-ga, or the Sharp Knife. A few days -before the espousals were to be solemnised, it happened that a party of -the Mahaws came and fell upon the horses of the Kansas, which were grazing -in a neighbouring prairie, and which they succeeded in carrying off; they -were detected in the act by some Kansas women who were gathering wood, and -the warriors being apprised, set off in pursuit. The old chief, now laden -with many snows, was unable to accompany his warriors, whom Moi-bee-she-ga -ought to have headed, but this last chose to remain with his bride. This -so enraged his father, that he seized the arms which the recreant son -shrank from using, and destroyed them before his face, declaring that -Moi-bee-she-ga had become a squaw, and needed no arms. The Ottawa girl, -equally shocked by the dereliction of her lover, to whom she had been -warmly attached, refused to fulfil her engagement of marriage; and the -delinquent, abandoned on all hands, was driven in disgrace from his -people, and joined a party of the wandering Pawnees. - -The Indian is scrupulously exact in the performance of his engagements, -and this the traders know so well, that they feel no apprehension, when, -having delivered their goods to their Indian customer, they see him plunge -into his trackless wilderness with his purchase, and disappear amid wilds -into which no civilized foot could follow him. They know that his first -care will be to secure the game whose skin is to assist in the redemption -of his promise; and at the stipulated moment he is again seen to emerge -from the forest, unconscious even that what we should call an unusual -degree of confidence has been reposed in him, and guided only by his own -pure and simple conviction, that a promise once given is a sacred thing, -and to be redeemed at whatever cost. - -Lying and treachery are held in profound abhorrence; we could relate very -many facts in support of this assertion, but will confine ourselves to the -two following ones only:--A distinguished warrior of the Assinneboins -accompanied Major Sanford to Washington in 1832, and being there, became -acquainted with the more obvious details of every-day life among the -civilized; these he described to his people on his return, and was -listened to for some time with respectful attention; but at length the -wonders he related surpassing their powers of belief, they decided that he -had been taught by the white men to lie, and that in a manner so shameless -as to make him a dangerous example to his younger hearers; they then, -after much solemn deliberation, concluded that he was unworthy to live, -and the unhappy man was put to death accordingly; his protestations of -innocence being regarded but as a deeper plunging into crime. - -Every thing connected with the dead is held sacred, but the mode of burial -differs widely in different tribes. Some place the body dressed and armed -with bow, quiver, tomahawk, &c., on the ground between flat stones set -edge upwards, and cover it, first with similar stones, and afterwards with -earth; others bury at about two feet below the earth. Among the Mandans it -was customary (alas for the necessity of that “was”) to lay their dead, -well wrapped in skins, on high scaffolds, as practised by the Parsees of -Asia. After a sufficient lapse of time, the bones were gathered, and -buried with solemn ceremonies, the skulls excepted, which were ranged in a -circle within a larger one formed of buffalo skulls, and thither the women -belonging to the family of the deceased repair to soothe the departed with -songs, to inform him how those he left behind are faring, and to feed him -with their choicest dainties, dishes of which they leave behind at their -departure. - -Mourning for the dead is expressed by certain modes of paint, and among -some tribes by cutting off locks of the hair. The sketch that accompanies -this paper represents two warriors, and a woman of the Sacs and Foxes, -mourning over the tomb of Black Hawk, the celebrated leader of the war -known as the Black Hawk War. - -A party of Ottawas and the Kansas having been at war, had met “to bury the -tomahawk under the roots of the tree of friendship, and sit under its -shadow to smoke the pipe of peace, and to _hear the birds sing_.” Some -traders passed through their hunting-grounds, from whom they purchased -whisky, and, heated by this, an Ottawa quarrelled with a Kansa; but being -reminded by their friends of the lately promised peace, they desisted from -all hostility, and both, with the whole party, soon after fell asleep. The -Ottawa, awaking first, stabbed his sleeping adversary to the heart, and -fled into the forest. When the whole party aroused themselves, they -perceived by the arms of the murdered man that he had been taken at -advantage, and the brother of the offender, abhorrent of treachery, so -foreign to Indian habits, at once declared his intention of pursuing the -culprit. Nothing doubting his integrity, the aggrieved Kansas sat silently -awaiting his return, which took place two hours after; he had secured and -now delivered up the murderer, who was immediately put to death. - - - - -DANCING.--Dancing is an amusement which has been discouraged in our -country by many of the best people, and not without reason. Dancing is -associated in their minds with balls; and this is one of the worst forms -of social pleasure. The time consumed in preparation for a ball, the waste -of thought upon it, the extravagance of dress, the late hours, the -exhaustion of strength, the exposure of health, and the languor of the -succeeding day--these, and other evils connected with this amusement, are -strong reasons for banishing it from the community. But dancing ought not -therefore to be proscribed. On the contrary, balls should be discouraged -for this, among other reasons, that dancing, instead of being a rare -pleasure, requiring elaborate preparation, may become an every-day -amusement, and may mix with our common intercourse. This exercise is among -the most healthful. The body, as well as the mind, feels its gladdening -influence. No amusement seems more to have a foundation in our nature. The -animation of youth naturally overflows in harmonious movements. The true -idea of dancing entitles it to favour. Its end is to realise perfect grace -in motion; and who does not know that a sense of the graceful is one of -the higher faculties of our nature? It is to be desired that dancing -should become too common among us to be made the object of special -preparation, as in the ball; that members of the same family, when -confined by unfavourable weather, should recur to it for exercise and -exhilaration; that branches of the same family should enliven in this way -their occasional meetings; that it should fill up an hour in all the -assemblages for relaxation, in which the young form a part. It is to be -desired that this accomplishment should be extended to the labouring -classes of society, not only as an innocent pleasure, but as a means of -improving the manners. Why shall not gracefulness be spread through the -whole community? From the French nation we learn that a degree of grace -and refinement of manners may pervade all classes. The philanthropist and -Christian must desire to break down the partition walls between human -beings in different conditions: and one means of doing this is to remove -the conscious awkwardness which confinement to laborious occupations is -apt to induce. An accomplishment, giving free and graceful movement, -though a far weaker bond than intellectual or moral culture, still does -something to bring those who partake it near each other.--_Dr Channing’s -Address on Temperance._ - - - - -SEAL OF WILLIAM, BISHOP OF KILDARE. - - -[Illustration] - -The prefixed woodcut represents an impression from the seal of one of the -bishops of Kildare anterior to the Reformation, the matrix of which is in -the possession of a gentleman in Dublin. - -The device exhibits three statues standing in canopied niches, of the -florid Gothic or pointed style of architecture of the fifteenth century. -The centre figure represents the Virgin and child, and the figures on each -side appear intended to represent the patron saints of Ireland. Patrick -and Brigid. Below the centre figure there is a smaller niche, containing a -figure of another ecclesiastic, with his hands raised, in the attitude of -prayer, and his arm supporting the pastoral staff. This figure, it is -probable, is intended to represent St Conlæth, the first bishop of -Kildare, who was cotemporary with St Brigid, and said to have been the -joint founder of that see. On each side of this figure is a shield, one of -which bears the arms of France and England quarterly; the other, two keys -in saltire, in chief a royal crown; a device which, it is worthy of -remark, constitutes the arms anciently and still borne by the archbishops -of York, and the appearance of which in this seal may therefore not be -easy to account for. The inscription reads as follows:-- - - “_Sigillum Willim dei gracia Kyldarens epi_,” - -or, _Sigillum Willelmi dei gratia Kyldarensis Episcopus_ (the seal of -William, by the grace of God, Bishop of Kildare). - -As among the bishops of Kildare two of the name of William occur in the -fifteenth century, it may not be easy to determine with certainty to which -of them this seal should be assigned; but there appears the greatest -reason to ascribe it to the first, who, according to Ware, having been -previously archdeacon of Kildare, was appointed to this see by the -provision of Pope Eugene IV, in 1432, and, having governed this see -fourteen years, died in April 1446. - - P. - - - - -THE DESOLATION OF SCIO. - -(1822.) - - - A deep, a broken note of woe - Rose from the Archipelago. - The seaman, passing Scio by, - Stood out from shore: the wailful cry - That reached him on the waters blue - Was more than man could listen to; - And when no more the death-cry came, - The rising smoke, the sun-dimmed flame, - The flashings of the scymitar, - Told Scio’s slaughter from afar! - - What demon governed your debates, - Ye mighty Christian potentates, - That Greece, the land of light and song, - Should feel the Paynim scourge so long? - That Greece, for all the lore she gave, - Should cry in vain, “Save, Europe, save!” - - How could you let the gasping child - Besmear with gore the mother wild? - How could ye let that wild one be - The sport of wanton cruelty? - Or Beauty, from Dishonour’s bed, - Swell reeking piles of kindred dead, - Where mingled, in the corse-fed fires, - The cindered bones of sons and sires! - - But all is o’er--the storm hath passed, - Nor oak, nor osier ’scaped the blast, - Nor flow’ret of the loveliest dye-- - All, all in one black ruin lie! - In one short day a People fall-- - Their mansions make their funeral pall-- - Their winding-sheets are sheets of flame-- - Their epitaphs, “Shame, Europe, shame!” - - Inhuman deed! Oh, murdered race! - To Turk, to Holy League disgrace! - Blush, Christian princes!--heartless men - Who rule the councils, ne’er again - Look on the Cross!--you have its ban-- - You crowned it with the Alcoran! - - T. - - - - -PATRIOTISM.--Patriotism, or love of country, is a sentiment which pervades -almost every human breast, and induces each individual to prefer the land -of his birth, not because it is better than another country, but merely -because it is his country. This sentiment may be illustrated by a variety -of anecdotes. Many of the Swiss, on account of the poverty of their -country, are induced to seek military service in foreign lands. Yet, in -their voluntary exile, so strong is their affection for their native -hills, that whole regiments have been said to be on the point of -desertion, in consequence of the vivid recollections excited by one of -their national songs. A French writer informs us that a native of one of -the Asiatic isles, amid the splendours of Paris, beholding a banana-tree -in the Garden of Plants, bathed it with tears, and seemed for a moment to -be transported to his own land. The Ethiopian imagines that God made his -sands and deserts, while angels only were employed in forming the rest of -the world. The Maltese, insulated on a rock, distinguished their island by -the appellation of “The Flower of the World.” The Javanese have such an -affection for the place of their nativity, that no advantages can induce -them, particularly the agricultural tribes, to quit the tombs of their -fathers. The Norwegians, proud of their barren summits, inscribe upon -their rix-dollars, “Spirit, loyalty, valour, and whatever is honourable, -let the world learn among the rocks of Norway.” The Esquimaux are no less -attached to their frigid zone, esteeming the luxuries of blubber-oil for -food, and an ice cabin for a habitation, above all the refinements of -other countries.--_Fireside Education, by S. G. Goodrich._ - - * * * * * - -If a man be gracious and civil to a stranger, it shows he is a citizen of -the world, and that his heart is no island cut off from other lands, but a -continent that joins them. - - - - -THE SOD PARTY. - - -PART II. - -In those days the favourite resort for parties of pleasure was the rocky -shore of Howth, facing Killiney, and our party had selected a spot which -was well known to two or three of them. It was a little hollow in the -rocks, where the mould had collected, and was covered with a smooth close -sod. Its form resembled a horse shoe, the open being to the sea; and the -rock descended at that side perpendicularly six or seven feet to the -water. There was just room enough for the party to seat themselves -comfortably, so that every one could enjoy the seaward view. It was a -considerable distance from the place where the vehicles should stop; -indeed, the hill intervened and should be crossed, so that it was no -trifling matter to carry a large basket or hamper to it. - -O’Gorman resolved not to encumber himself with any thing that might divide -his attention with his charming partner; and, accordingly, when they had -pulled up, calling to the driver of the jarvey, “Here, Murphy,” said he, -“you’ll take charge of the basket that’s slung under the gig, and follow -the rest when they’re ready.” - -“Oh, to be sure, sir, sartinly,” was the reply, and away went Bob to show -the scenery to Miss Kate, from various points quite unknown to her before, -leaving the remainder of the party to settle matters as they pleased. - -Murphy’s assistance was required by the servants who were unlading the -carriages first; and each gentleman, taking a basket or bundle, and even -the ladies charging themselves with some light articles, they set forward, -leaving two or three heavy hampers to the servants’ charge. - -All having at length departed, except Mr O’Donnell’s servant, who had been -left in charge of the vehicles, and Murphy, who was to take the gig -basket, the latter proceeded to unstrap it. As he shook it in opening the -buckles, some broken glass fell upon the road. - -“Oh! miallia murther! what’s this? My sowl to glory, if half the bottom -isn’t out ov the bashket. Och hone, oh! Masther Bob, bud you are the raal -clip. By gannies, he’s dhruv till he’s dhruv the knives and forks clane -through; the dickens a one there’s left; an’ as for the glasses, be my -sowl he’d be a handy fellow that ud put one together. Oh! marcy sa’ me! -here’s a purty mess. Musha! what’s best to be done, at all at all?” - -“Take it to them any how,” answered his companion, “and show it to them.” - -“Arrah, what’s the use of hawkin’ it over the mountain? Can’t I jist go -an’ tell what’s happened?” - -“Take care you wouldn’t have to come back for it,” said the other, “an’ -have two journies instead of one. Maybe they wouldn’t b’lieve you, -thinkin’ it was only a thrick that that limb o’ th’ ould boy put you up -to.” - -The prospect of a second journey, on such a hot day, not being -particularly agreeable, Murphy took up the shattered basket and proceeded. - -Having yet two hours to spare, the party resolved to consume them by -sauntering about until the hour appointed for dinner, which being come, -and all having assembled at one point, near the Bailey, they proceeded -together to the chosen spot, where they found Murphy awaiting them with a -most rueful countenance. He had been vainly trying to invent some -plausible excuse for his patron, as he dreaded that all the blame would be -thrown upon Bob’s hard driving at setting out. - -“The bottom’s fell out o’ the blaggard rotten ould bashket, ma’am, an’ the -knives an’ forks has fell an the road.” - -“Oh, well,” said Mr Sharpe (who did not seem to be either so astonished or -angry as one might have expected), “give them a rub in a napkin; a little -dust won’t do them any harm.” - -“Why, thin, the sorra a one o’ them there is to rub,” said Murphy, -“barrin’ this one crukked ould fork.” - -Despite his loss, Mr Sharpe could not refrain from laughing when Murphy -held up an article, which had certainly been packed for a joke, it was so -distorted, one prong being tolerably straight, but the other sticking out -as if it was going to march. However, collecting himself, he asked -sternly, “Do you mean to tell me that all the knives and forks were lost -upon the road?” “Jist so, sir,” was the reply. - -“The glass; is it safe?” - -“Bruck, sir--all in smithereens; sorra as much ov id together as ud show -what the patthern was.” - -“And the spoons,” roared Mr Sharpe, as if the thought had only just struck -him. - -“Spoons! sir. Oh, be my sowl you’d betther look for thim yourself; here’s -the bashket.” - -“This is a costly party to me,” said Mr Sharpe, “but it can’t be helped -now; so don’t let my loss cause any diminution of your pleasure or -enjoyment.” - -Every one looked with perfect admiration at Mr Sharpe, surprised at his -magnanimity, and Mrs Harvey thought that she must have altogether mistaken -his character hitherto; but she would not have thought so, had she known -that he had purposely procured a rotten basket, with the bottom partially -broken, in which he had packed a quantity of broken glass, and in which he -(of course) had _not_ packed either spoons, knives, or forks, except the -very one which Murphy had held up; and it was to prevent examination or -inquiry that he had been so voluble upon his arrival in the morning. But -had his loss been, as the company supposed, real instead of fictitious, he -must have been gratified, nay delighted, at the dismay which gradually -spread itself over almost every countenance, at the prospect of having to -eat a dinner without knives, forks, or spoons, and to drink without -glasses, or even cups. - -“Gentlemen,” said Mr Harvey, “have you got penknives with you? I have -forgotten mine.” - -So had every one else except Mr Sharpe. He would willingly have kept it -secret, but he knew that if he should attempt to use it himself, it would -be seen; so he made a virtue of necessity, and lent it to Mr Harvey for -the purpose of carving the roast beef! - -The dinner was now nearly arranged, and the last basket, in which -Mulholland had packed the roast beef, was opened. The remnant of an old -college gown was first dragged forth, and Mr O’Brien’s servant, to whom -the task was assigned, looked in, tittered, looked again, and then drew -forth two long large ribs, with a piece of meat about the size of a -cricket ball attached to the ends of them. Having laid them on the dish, -he dipped again, and produced, with another titter, a shapeless lump of -meat without any bone--(he would be a clever anatomist that could tell -what part of the beast it had been). Another dip, and with a roar of -laughter he raised and deposited on the dish four ribs, from which nearly -every morsel of meat had been cut. - -“What is the meaning of this, Mr O’Gorman?” said Mrs Harvey, who was quite -disconcerted at the turn things had taken, and was now seriously disposed -to be angry. - -“My dear madam,” said he, “it may look a little unsightly, but it is all -prime meat, depend upon it. It was dressed yesterday for the College -dining-hall.” - -“You don’t mean, surely, to call bare bones _meat_, sir?” - -“My dear madam,” said Bob, “you will find that there is as much meat -without bone as will compensate. Mulholland is a very honest fellow in -that respect.” - -Some laughed, some were annoyed, some were disgusted; but by degrees -hunger asserted its rights, and reconciled them a little, especially when -O’Gorman pointed out how much easier it would be to carve the small pieces -with a _penknife_, than if they had but one large one. - -“Well,” said Mrs Harvey, “I have long indulged the hope of having a -_pic-nic_ party so perfectly arranged that nothing should go astray; and -so far have I been from succeeding, that I really do think there never was -a more unfortunate, irregular affair. I really do not know what to say, -and I feel quite incompetent to preside. Mr O’Gorman, as you have the -happy knack of making the best of every thing, I believe you are the -person best qualified in this company to make the most of the matter, and -we must rely on your ingenuity.” - -“Thank you, ma’am. That is as much as to say, ‘Bob, as you have treated us -to broken meat, and lost the knives and forks, you will please to carve!’ -Well, nabocklish, this isn’t a round table, like Prince Arthur’s, for it’s -little more than half round, and we have old Howth at the head, and old -Neptune at the foot of it; but, for the rest, we don’t stand upon -precedence, and therefore I need not change my place, to preside. Mr -Harvey, I’ll trouble you for the penknife--I beg pardon--the carver--hem! -and that specimen of antediluvian cutlery, the ‘_crukked ould fork_.’ -Thank you--shove over the beef now. Ods marrow-bones and cleavers! what a -heap! Gentlemen, you had better turn up your cuffs as a needful -preliminary; and, perchance, an ablution may also be necessary--you can -get down to the water here, at this side.” - -As soon as the party had re-assembled, after having washed their hands, he -again addressed them. - -“Mr Sharpe, and Mr Harvey, will you please to drag that, turkey asunder? -Mr O’Brien, will you tear a wing off that fowl for Miss O’Donnell? Fitz, -gnaw the cord off one of those ale bottles; draw the cork with your teeth, -and send the bottle round. The corkscrew was with the knives.” - -“Draw my teeth with the cork, you mean; I had rather knock off the neck, -thank you,” said Fitz, about to suit the action to the word. - -“No, no,” cried Bob, “do you forget that we must drink out of the bottles? -Do you want the ladies to cut their pretty lips with the broken glass, you -Mohawk! Though, faith,” said he, in an under-tone, to his fair companion, -“I could almost wish such an accident to happen to some one that I know, -that I might have an opportunity of exhibiting my courageous devotion, by -sucking the wound.” - -“A prize! a prize!” cried he, jumping up and running a little distance. He -returned with five or six large Malahide oyster shells, that had been -bleaching on the cliff, where they had been thrown by some former party. -Two of them were top shells. “Here,” said he, throwing one to Sweeny, “is -a carver for that ham; make haste and put an edge on it, on the rock. -Ladies, here are primitive drinking goblets for you. Miss O’Brien, the -pleasure of a _shell_ of wine with you.” - -“I have put a very good edge on the shell,” said Sweeny, “but I can’t cut -the ham with it, it slides about so.” - -“Psha! take a grip of it by the shank, can’t you? What are you afraid of, -you omedhaun? Hold it fast, and don’t let it slide. Costello, break up -that loaf and send it round. Mr O’Donnell, will you have the goodness to -hold one of these ribs for me. Oh, faith, finger and thumb work won’t do; -you must take it in your fist, and hold it tight; now pull--bravo! Beau -Brummell would be just in his element here. Be my sowl, as Paddy Murphy -says, I think if he saw us, he’d jump into that element there to get -away.” - -Mr Sharpe was now in his glory; he had, with Mr Harvey’s assistance, torn -up the turkey; and seeing that Bob had decidedly the worst job at the -table, he asked him for beef. Mr Harvey joined in the joke, and put in -also; but their man was too able for them. - -“As you are in partnership in the turkey business, in which you have been -so successful,” said he, “you had better continue so, in the general -provision line,” handing them a piece sufficient to satisfy two, and -prevent them from calling again. - -“Bill” (to one of the college men), “here’s a shell for you to cut the -crust of that pie, and help it. Jem” (to another), “Miss Kate O’Brien -wishes for some of that chicken that you are trying to dislocate, as -gently as if you were afraid of hurting it, or greasing your fingers.” -“What part?” said Jem. - -“A little of the soul, if you please,” said Kate, with a maliciously -demure face. - -“Here it is for you. Miss Kate, soul and body;” and he handed it to her. - - “The mirth and fun (now) grew fast and furious.” - -No water fit for drinking could be procured, and the consequence was, that -the ale, porter, and wine, were swallowed too abundantly by the gentlemen. -Songs were called for, and O’Gorman was in the midst of the “Groves of -Blarney,” when Costello shouted out, “A porpoise! a porpoise!” - -Up jumped the whole party, and up also jumped the table-cloth, which Mr -O’Donnell and Mr Sharpe had fastened to their coats or waistcoats. - -They sat directly facing the opening to the water, with Mrs Harvey between -them; so that when, by their sudden start up, they raised the cloth, it -formed an inclined plane, down which dishes, plates, bottles, pies, bread, -and meat, glided, not majestically, but too rapidly, into the sea. Then, -oh! what a clamour! - -Above the jingling of broken bottles and plates, the crash of dishes, and -the exclamations of the gentlemen, arose the never-failing shriek of the -ladies. And then came a pause, whilst they silently watched the last dish -as it gracefully receded from their view. - -“Oh! faith,” said Mrs Harvey (surprised by her emotion into using a gentle -oath), “I think it is time to go home _now_.” - -“Faith,” said O’Gorman, “it is time to leave the dinner-table at all -events, since the things have been removed; but as to going home, we have -so little to carry, or look after, besides ourselves and--hic--the ladies, -that I think, with all respect to Mrs Harvey, we may--hic--take it easy. I -wish I could get a drink of water to cure this hic--hiccough; for I am -certain, Miss O’Brien, I need not assure you--indeed I can appeal to you -to bear witness--hic--that it was the _want_, not the quantity of liquid, -that has brought it on.” - -The “want,” however, had made Bob’s eyes particularly and unusually -luminous; nor did Kate take his proposition “to launch all the hampers and -baskets, after their recent contents, into the sea,” to be any additional -proof of his self-possession; and when, with a caper and whoop, he sent -Mulholland’s basket to the fishes, her suspicions that he was slightly -elevated became considerably strengthened. - -“Mrs Harvey,” said Mr Sharpe, “you think your party unfortunate. I have -been upon a great many parties of this kind, and I assure you I have seen -far more unpleasant affairs--(Gentlemen, here are a few bottles of wine -that have escaped the watery fate of their unhappy companions). Now, the -very last party that I was on last season, three or four of the gentlemen -quarrelled (pass the wine if you please), and one of them, in the -scrimmage, was knocked over the rocks into the sea.” - -“Mercy on us, Mr Sharpe! was he drowned?” - -“Why, no, but his collar-bone was broken, and his shoulder dislocated. But -a worse accident happened in coming home.” - -“What was it?” - -“Poor Singleton had come, with his wife and two nieces, in a job carriage; -the driver got drunk, and overturned the whole concern, just where the -road branches off down to the strand; they rolled over the cliff, and fell -about twenty feet; the horses were both killed, and the whole party -dreadfully injured, barely escaping with life. Then, the quarrel after -dinner (by which Jones got his collar-bone broken) led to a duel on the -following morning, in which one of the parties, Edwards, fell; and his -antagonist, young O’Neill, got a bullet in his knee, which has lamed and -disfigured him for life. Pass the wine, gentlemen.” - -“No! no! no!” screamed Mrs Harvey, on whom the above delectable recital -had had the desired effect, and who was worked into a desperate state of -terror, “no more wine, gentlemen, if you please. Come, ladies, we must -return at once, before evening closes in.” - -Each lady being perfectly satisfied that the gentleman who had fallen to -her lot would keep sober, whatever _others_ might do, demurred to the -early retreat; but Mrs Harvey was too much frightened at the prospect of -returning with gentlemen and drivers drunk, not to be determined; and, -accordingly, with much growling, and the most general dissatisfaction, the -party broke up. - -“I am done with _pic-nics_--I’ll never have any thing to say to one -again,” said the disappointed directress. “There never was any affair more -perfectly arranged, never was so much care taken to have things regular. I -never proposed to myself such enjoyment as I expected this day.” - -“My dear Mrs Harvey,” said O’Gorman, to whose countenance the last four or -five shells of wine had imparted an air of the most profound wisdom, “my -dear Mrs Harvey, ‘the whole art of happiness is _contentment_.’ This is -the great secret of enjoyment in this life--this is the talisman that -clothes poverty in imperial robes, and imparts to the hovel a grandeur -unknown to the halls of princes--this is the true philosopher’s stone, for -which alchymists so long have sought in vain, that converts all it touches -into gold--this is the cosmetic that beautifies the ill-favoured wife, and -the magic wand that bestows upon the frugal board the appearance of -surpassing plenty--this is the shield of adamantine proof, on which -disappointment vainly showers its keenest darts--this is the impregnable -fortress, ensconced in which, we may boldly bid defiance to the combined -forces of sublunary ills--and whether it be announced from the pulpit or -the cliff, by the dignified divine or the college scamp; be it soothingly -whispered in the ear of the deposed and exiled monarch, or tendered as -comfort to the discomfited authoress of a _pic-nic_, it still retains, in -undiminished force, its universality of application”---- - -Here Mr Sweeny facetiously gave him a slap on the crown of the hat, which -drove it down, and stuck it gracefully over his eye, thereby breaking the -thread of his discourse. He then addressed the fair Catherine; but all his -eloquence and profundity were unavailing to induce her to return with him -in the gig. She would listen to nothing but the carriage, and as room -could not be made for him inside, he mounted the box, leaving the gig to -any one that pleased to have it. Nor was it long untenanted. Frank -Costello and Bill Nowlan mounted together, and were found in it next -morning fast asleep, in the stable-lane behind Mr Sharpe’s house, the -horse having found his way home when left to his own guidance. - -The remainder of the party arrived as safely, but somewhat more regularly, -in the evening of their eventful day, and all dissatisfied except Mr -O’Gorman, and - - NAISI. - - - - -STREET TACTICS. - - -You, most respectable reader, who owe no man any thing that you are not -able and willing to pay, may know nothing of the tactics alluded to in the -title of this paper. But there is, you may depend upon it, a pretty -numerous class of the community to whom these tactics are quite familiar, -and who practise them to a greater or lesser extent every day of their -lives. - -Street tactics, let us define the term, is the art or science of avoiding -all persons on the streets, and all places in the streets--shops, for -instance--whom and which, for particular reasons of your own, you are -desirous of eschewing. - -The art is thus one of deep concernment to the whole of that numerous and -respectable body known by the generic name of “gentlemen in difficulties.” -This term, however, is one of very extensive signification, and includes -various descriptions of gentlemen as well as difficulties; but on the -present occasion we mean to confine ourselves to one particular class--the -gentlemen whose difficulties arise from their having more creditors than -crowns--the gentlemen who have contrived to surround themselves with a -large constituency of the former, and who cannot by any means contrive to -get hold of an adequate supply of the latter--the gentlemen who are -sufficiently respectable to get into debt, but not sufficiently wealthy to -get out of it. - -The reader can have no idea how difficult a matter it is for a gentleman -of this description to work his way through the streets, so as to avoid -all unpleasant encounters; how serious a matter it is for him to move from -one point of the city to another. To him the streets are, in fact, as -difficult and dangerous to traverse as if they were strewed with heated -plough-shares, or lined with concealed pitfalls. He cannot move a hundred -yards, unless he moves warily, without encountering somebody to whom he -owes something, or passing some shop where his name is not in the most -savoury odour. - -It is, then, the manœuvring necessary to avoid those disagreeables that -constitutes street tactics, and confers on the gentleman who practises -them the character of what we would call a street tactician. - -This person, as already hinted, when he moves at all, must move -cautiously, and must consider well, before he starts, which is his safest -course; which the course in which he is least likely to encounter an enemy -in the shape of a creditor, and which will subject him to running the -gauntlet of the fewest number of obnoxious shops. The amount of manœuvring -required to accomplish this is amazing, and the ingenuity exhibited in it -frequently very remarkable. - -When on the move, the street tactician is obliged to be constantly on the -alert, to have all his eyes about him, lest an enemy should come upon him -unawares. This incessant vigilance keeps him always wide awake, always on -the look-out, and makes him as sharp as a needle. Even while speaking to -you, his keen and restless eye is roving up and down the street to see -that no danger is approaching. - -Like the training of the Indian, this incessant vigilance improves his -physical faculties wonderfully, especially his vision, which it renders -singularly acute. He can detect a creditor at a distance at which the -nearest friend, the most intimate acquaintance of that person, could not -recognise him: he can see him approaching in a crowded street, where no -other eye but his own could possibly single him out. - -Gifted with this remarkable power of vision, it is rare that the street -tactician is taken by surprise, as it affords him time to plan and effect -his escape, at both of which he is amazingly prompt and dexterous. - -As the great object with the street tactician in moving from one point of -the city to another is not the shortest but the safest course, he is -necessarily subjected to a vast deal of traverse sailing, and thereby to -enormous increases of distance, being frequently obliged to make the -circuit of half the town to get at the next street. His way is thus most -particularly devious, and to one who should watch his motions without -knowing the principles on which he moves, would appear altogether -incomprehensible. Here he crosses a street with a sudden dart, there he -turns a corner with a slow and stealthy step; now he walks deliberately, -now as if it were for a wager. Again he walks slowly; then comes a sudden -brush: it is to clear some dangerous spot in which an enemy is lurking in -ambuscade--the shop door of a creditor. Now he _cuts_ down an alley; now -hesitates before he emerges at the opposite end; now darts out of it as if -he had been fired from it, like a shell from a mortar. And thus, and thus, -and thus he finally completes his circuitous and perilous journey. It is -fatiguing and laborious work, but it must be done if he would avoid being -worried to death. - -Besides that ever watchfulness, that sleepless vigilance that -distinguishes the street tactician, there is about him a degree of -presence of mind not less worthy of special notice. It is by this ready -fortitude and coolness of temper that he is enabled, even when in what may -be called the immediate presence of an enemy, to devise and execute with -promptness and decision the most ingenious expedients for avoiding -personal contact--that enables him, when within twenty yards of the foe -(when so near that a less experienced hand, one of less steady nerve, -would inevitably fall into the clutches of his dun, and who would at once -be given up for lost by any on-looker) to effect a retreat, and thus avoid -the crave personal--in so cool and masterly a way, that the enemy himself -shall not know that he has been _shirked_, but shall be deceived into a -belief that he has not been seen, and that the pretext, or pretexts, under -cover of which the street tactician has evaded him, has or have been true -and natural. This is a difficult point to manage; but old hands ran do it -admirably, and, when well done, is a very beautiful manœuvre. - -The skilful street tactician never exhibits any flurry or agitation, -however imminent his danger may be: it is only green-horns that do this. -Neither does he hurry or run away from an enemy when he sees him. This -would at once betray malice prepense, and excite the utmost wrath of the -latter, who, the moment he got home, would put his claim into the hands of -his lawyer; a proceeding which he must by no means be provoked into -adopting. - -The skilful street tactician takes care of this, then, and studies to -effect his retreats in such a way as to excite no suspicion of design. He -does, indeed, take some very sudden and abrupt turns down streets and up -lanes when he sees an enemy approaching; but he does it with so -unconscious a look, and with such a _bona fide_ air, that neither you nor -his creditor would for a moment suspect any thing else than that he was -just going that way at any rate. This operation requires great command -both of muscle and manner, and can be successfully performed only by a -very superior practitioner. - -To the street tactician, carts, carriages, and other large moving objects, -are exceedingly useful auxiliaries as covers from the enemy, and the -dexterity and tact with which he avails himself of their aid in effecting -a “go-by,” is amazing. By keeping the cart, carriage, or other body in a -direct line between him and the foe, he effects many wonderful, many -hair-breadth escapes. The chaise or cart is in this way, and for this -purpose, a very good thing, but the waggon of hay, slow in its motion, and -huge in its bulk, makes the best of all protecting covers. - -With a waggon of hay moving along with him, and a very little manœuvring -on his own part, the expert tactician could traverse the whole city -without the risk of a single encounter. But his having such an -accompaniment for any length of time, is of course out of the question. He -must just be content to avail himself of it when chance throws it in his -way, and be thankful for its protection throughout the length of a street. - -We have heard experienced street tacticians, men on whose skill and -judgment we would be disposed to place every reliance, say, that it is a -very absurd practice to run across a street to avoid a shop, and to pass -along on the opposite side. Such a proceeding, they say--and there is -reason and common sense, as well as scientific knowledge, in the -remark--only exposes you more to the enemy, by passing you through a -larger space of his field of vision--by giving him, in short, a longer, a -fuller, and a fairer view of you. Far better, they say, to walk close by -his window at a smart pace, when the chances are greatly in favour of your -passing unobserved. - -This way of giving a shop the “go-by” requires, indeed, more courage, more -resolution than the other, being, certainly, rather a daring exploit; but -we are satisfied, that, like boldness of movement in the battle-field, it -is, after all, the least dangerous. - - C. - - - - -DEATH OF CATHAL, THE RED-HANDED O’CONOR. - -(As recorded in the Annals of the Four Masters, translated by Mr -O’DONOVAN.) - - -A.D. 1224.--In the spring of this year, a heavy and an awful shower of -strange rain fell on a part of Connaught, viz. Hy-Maine in Hy-Diarmada, -and other places, which produced virulent infections and diseases amongst -the cattle of these territories, as soon as they had eaten of the grass -upon which the shower had fallen. The milk of these cattle, also, when -partaken of by the inhabitants, caused various inward diseases among them. -It was but natural that these ominous signs should appear this year in -Connaught, for they were the foreboding heralds of a very great loss and -calamity, which fell this year upon the Connacians, namely, the death of -Cathal the Red-handed, son of Torlogh More O’Conor, and King of Connaught, -who had been the chief scourge of the traitors and enemies of Ireland; who -had contributed more than any other man to relieve the wants of the -clergy, the poor, and the indigent, and into whose heart God had infused -more goodness and greater virtues than adorned any other cotemporary Irish -prince; for, from the time of his wife’s death to the time of his own -death, he had led a chaste and virtuous life. It was in his time, also, -that tithes were first lawfully paid in Ireland. This honourable and -upright king, this discreet, pious, just-judging warrior, died on the -twenty-eighth day of summer, on Monday precisely, in the habit of a Grey -Friar, in the monastery of Knockmoy; which monastery, together with its -site and lands, he himself had previously granted to God and the monks; -and was interred in that monastery with honour and respect. - - - - -EELS. - - -Their snake-like aspect and other reptile attributes (observes Professor -Wilson, in a work recently published, entitled “The Rod and the Gun”), no -doubt tend to form and perpetuate the prejudice which many otherwise -humane-minded men cherish towards these insidious fishes. They move on -land with great facility, and with a motion resembling that of serpents. -They have even been seen to leave fresh-water lakes during the night in -considerable numbers, apparently for the purpose of preying on slugs and -snails among the dewy herbage. They abound in many continental rivers, and -are caught in immense numbers in those which empty themselves into the -Baltic, where they form a considerable article of trade. It is stated that -2000 have been caught at a sweep in Jutland, and 60,000 have been taken in -the Garonne by one net in a single day. The habits of these fishes in -relation to breeding, migration, &c., are still but obscurely known. “That -eels migrate towards brackish water,” observes Mr Jesse, in his Gleanings -in Natural History, “in order to deposit their ova, I have but little -doubt, for the following reasons: From the month of November until the end -of January, provided the frost is not very serious, eels migrate towards -the sea. The Thames fishermen are so aware of this fact, that they -invariably set their pots or baskets with their mouths up stream during -those months, while later in spring and summer they are set down stream. -The best time, however, for taking eels, is during their passage towards -the sea. The eel-traps, also, which are set in three different streams near -Hampton Court (the contents of which at different times I have had -opportunities of examining), have invariably been supplied with eels -sufficiently large to be breeders, during the months I have mentioned. -This migratory disposition is not shown by small eels; and it may -therefore be assumed that they remain nearly stationary till they are old -enough to have spawn. I have also ascertained that eels are taken in -greater or lesser numbers during the months of November or December, all -the way down the river to the brackish water. From thence the young eels -migrate, as soon as they are sufficiently large and strong to encounter -the several currents of the river, and make their way to the different -contributary streams. I have also been able to trace the procession of -young eels, or, as it is here called, the _eel-fair_, from the -neighbourhood of Blackfriars’ Bridge, as far up the river as Chertsey, -although they probably make their way as far, or farther than Oxford. So -strong, indeed, is their migratory disposition, that it is well known few -things will prevent their progress, as even at the locks at Teddington and -Hampton the young eels have been seen to ascend the large posts of the -flood-gates, in order to make their way, when the gates have been shut -longer than usual. Those which die stick to the posts; others, which get -a little higher, meet with the same fate, until at last a sufficient layer -of them is formed to enable the rest to overcome the difficulty of the -passage. A curious instance of the means which young eels will have -recourse to, in order to perform their migrations, is annually proved in -the neighbourhood of Bristol. Near that city there is a large pond, -immediately adjoining which is a stream; on the bank between these two -waters a large tree grows, the branches of which hang into the pond. By -means of these branches the young eels ascend into the tree, and from -thence let themselves drop into the stream below, thus migrating to far -distant waters, where they increase in size and become useful and -beneficial to man. A friend of mine, who was a casual witness of this -circumstance, informed me that the tree appeared to be quite alive with -these little animals. The rapid and unsteady motion of the boughs did not -appear to impede their progress.” - - - - -ANECDOTE OF SHERIDAN. - - -SHERIDAN and KELLY were one day in earnest conversation close to the gate -of the path which was then open to the public, leading across the -churchyard of St Paul’s, Covent Garden, from King street to Henrietta -street, when Mr Holloway, who was a creditor of Sheridan’s to a -considerable amount, came up to them on horseback, and accosted Sheridan -in a tone of something more like anger than sorrow, and complained that he -never could get admittance when he called, vowing vengeance against the -infernal Swiss, Monsieur François, if he did not let him in the next time -he went to Hertford street. - -Holloway was really in a passion. Sheridan knew that he was vain of his -judgment in horse-flesh, and without taking any notice of the violence of -his manner, burst into an exclamation upon the beauty of the horse which -he rode--he struck the right chord. - -“Why,” said Holloway, “I think I may say there never was a prettier -creature than this. You were speaking to me, when I last saw you, about a -horse for Mrs Sheridan; now, this would be a treasure for a lady.” - -“Does he canter well?” said Sheridan. - -“Beautifully,” replied Holloway. - -“If that’s the case, Holloway,” said Sheridan, “I really should not mind -stretching a point for him. Will you have the kindness to let me see his -paces?” - -“To be sure,” said the lawyer; and putting himself into a graceful -attitude, he threw his nag into a canter along the market. - -The moment his back was turned, Sheridan wished Kelly good morning, and -went off through the churchyard, where no horse could follow, into Bedford -street, laughing immoderately, as indeed did several of the standers-by. -The only person not entertained by this practical joke was Mr -Holloway.--_Reminiscences of Michael Kelly._ - - * * * * * - -MAID-SERVANTS AND THEIR “FRIENDS.”--Every master and mistress in the -United Kingdom knows what a maid-servant’s friend is. Sometimes he is a -brother, sometimes a cousin (often a cousin), and sometimes a father, who -really wears well, and carries his age amazingly! He comes down the -area--in at the window--or through a door left ajar. Sometimes a -maid-servant, like a hare, “has many friends.” The master of the house, -after washing his hands in the back kitchen, feels behind the door for a -jack-towel, and lays hold of a “friend’s” _nose_. “Friends” are shy: -sometimes a footman breaks a friend’s shins while plunging into the -coal-cellar for a shovel of nubblys. We speak feelingly, our own abode -having been once turned into a friends’ meeting-house--a fact we became -aware of through a smoky chimney; but a chimney _will_ smoke when _there -is a journeyman baker_ up it.--_Kidd’s Journal._ - - * * * * * - -Wisdom cannot be obtained without industry and labour. Can we hope to find -gold upon the surface of the earth, when we dig almost to the centre of it -to find lead and tin, and the baser metals! - - Printed and Published every Saturday by GUNN and CAMERON, at the - Office of the General Advertiser, No 6. Church Lane, College Green, - Dublin.--Agents:--London: R. GROOMBRIDGE, Panyer Alley, Paternoster - Row. Manchester: SIMMS and DINHAM, Exchange Street. Liverpool: J. - DAVIES, North John Street. Birmingham: J. DRAKE. Bristol: M. - BINGHAM, Broad Street. Edinburgh: FRASER and CRAWFORD, George - Street. Glasgow: DAVID ROBERTSON, Trongate. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 6, -August 8, 1840, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, AUG 8, 1840 *** - -***** This file should be named 53981-0.txt or 53981-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/3/9/8/53981/ - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 6, August 8, 1840 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: January 17, 2017 [EBook #53981] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, AUG 8, 1840 *** - - - - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p> - -<h1>THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL.</h1> - -<table summary="Headline layout"> - <tr> - <td class="smcap">Number 6.</td> - <td class="center">SATURDAY, AUGUST 8, 1840.</td> - <td class="right smcap">Volume I.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class="figcenter gap4" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/red_men.jpg" width="500" height="600" alt="According to the text, this -sketch represents two warriors, and a woman of the Sacs and Foxes, mourning over -the tomb of Black Hawk, the celebrated leader of the war known as the Black Hawk War." /> -</div> - -<h2>THE RED MEN OF AMERICA.—<span class="smcap">First Article.</span></h2> - -<p>It is a melancholy truth that this most interesting portion of -the human race is rapidly disappearing from the surface of -the earth. War, its murderous effects centupled by the destructive -weapons acquired from the white man—disease -in new and terrible forms, to the treatment of which their -simple skill, and materia medica, equally simple, are wholly -incompetent—famine, the consequence of their sadly changed -habits, of the intemperance and wastefulness, substituted by -the insidious arts of the trader for the moderation and foresight -of their happier fathers—the vices, in short, and the -encroachments of civilization, all and each in its turn are blotting -out tribe after tribe from the records of humanity; and -the time is fast approaching when no Red man will remain, to -guard or to mourn over the tombs of his fathers.</p> - -<p>The conviction of this truth is become so deeply felt, that -more than one effort has been made, and is making, to preserve -some memento of this ill-treated people. We are not -so much raising our own feeble voice in the service, as attempting<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span> -a record of what others have done; but so much has been -effected, and so zealous have been the exertions made to rescue -the memory, at least, of these dying nations from oblivion, that -the space we have assigned to this notice will be taken up -long before our materials are exhausted. The accuracy of the -facts and statements we shall lay before our readers may in -every case be relied on.</p> - -<p>Among the most devoted and persevering explorers of the -Red man’s territory, is one from whose authority, and indeed -from whose very lips, in many instances, we derive a great -portion of the circumstances we are about to describe—we -allude to the celebrated George Catlin, whose abode of seven -years among the least known of their tribes, and whose earnest -enthusiasm in the task of inquiry which formed the sole -object of his visit, together with his entire success in the pursuit, -have constituted him the very first authority of the day. -We have, besides, consulted all the writers on this now engrossing -subject, but in most cases have afterwards taken -the highly competent opinion just quoted, as to the accuracy -of their descriptions—an opinion that has always been given -with evident care and consideration.</p> - -<p>Mr Catlin has painted with his own hand, and from the -life, no less than three hundred and ten portraits of chiefs, warriors, -and other distinguished individuals of the various -tribes (forty-eight in number) among whom he sojourned, -with two hundred landscapes and other paintings descriptive -of their country, their villages, religious ceremonies, customs, -sports, and whatever else was most characteristic of Indian life -in its primitive state; he has likewise collected numerous specimens -of dresses, some fringed and garnished with scalp-locks -from their enemies’ heads; mantles and robes, on which are -painted, in rude hieroglyphics, the battles and other prominent -events of their owners’ lives; head-dresses, formed of the -raven’s and war-eagle’s feathers, the effect of which is strikingly -warlike and imposing; spears, shields, war clubs, bows, -musical instruments, domestic utensils, belts, pouches, necklaces -of bears’ claws, mocassins, strings of wampum, tobacco -sacks; all, in short, that could in any way exemplify the -habits and customs of the people whose memory he desired to -perpetuate, have been brought together, at great cost and -some hazard to life, by this indefatigable explorer—the whole -forming a museum of surpassing interest, and which is daily -attracting the people of London to the gallery wherein it is -exhibited.</p> - -<p>The most important of the North American tribes are the -Camanchees, inhabiting the western parts of Texas, and -numbering from 25,000 to 30,000 expert horsemen and bold -lancers, but excessively wild, and continually at war; the -Pawnee-Picts, neighbours to and in league with the Camanchees; -the Kiowas, also in alliance with the two warlike tribes -above named, whom they join alike in the battle or chase; -the Sioux, numbering no less than 40,000, and inhabiting a -vast tract on the upper waters of the Mississippi and Missouri -rivers. Next come the Pawnees, a tribe totally distinct -both in language and customs from the Pawnee-Picts, whose -hunting-grounds are a thousand miles distant from those -of the Pawnees; this wild and very warlike tribe shave the -head with the exception of the scalp-lock (which they would -hold it cowardly and most unjust to their enemy to remove), -as do the Osages, the Konzas, &c. The Pawnees lost half -their numbers by small-pox in 1823, but are still very numerous; -their seats are on the river Platte, from the Missouri to -the Rocky Mountains.</p> - -<p>The Blackfeet, the Crows (their inveterate enemies), the -Crees, the Assinneboins, occupying the country from the -mouth of the Yellow Stone River to Lake Winnipeg, the -Ojibbeways or Chippeways, holding the southern shores of -Lake Superior, the Lake of the Woods, and the Athabasca; -the Flatheads, on the head-waters of the Columbia; and the -Cherokees, removed from Georgia to the upper waters of the -Arkansas, are also important tribes; as are the Muskogee or -Creek Indians, recently transplanted from Georgia and -Alabama to the Arkansas, seven hundred miles west of the -Mississippi.</p> - -<p>The Seminolees are also in process of removal to the -Arkansas, as are the Enchees, once a powerful tribe, but now -merging into the above, and with them forming one people. -Most of these tribes, as well as others that we have not room -even to specify, have been reduced, by the different scourges -before alluded to, in a manner frightful to contemplate. The -Delawares, for example, have lost 10,000 by small-pox alone; -and from a large and numerous tribe, now reckon 824 souls -only! The Senecas, Oneidas and Tuskaroras, once forming -part of that great compact known as the “Six Nations,” are -now a mere name. The Kaskaskias, the Peorias, and the -Piankeshaws, have fallen victims to the practice of drinking -spirits, and to the diseases this fearful habit engenders, so that -all are now reduced to a few individuals. Some tribes are -totally extinguished;—as, for example the hospitable and -friendly Mandans, of whom even the traders themselves report -that no one of them was ever known to destroy a white man. -These afford a melancholy instance of the rapidity with which -the extermination before alluded to is effected. In the year -1834, when Mr Catlin visited these warlike and spirited, yet -kindly dwellers of the woods, their number was 2000; three -years after, they were infected by the traders with small-pox; -and this, with certain suicides committed by individuals who -could not survive the loss of all they loved, destroyed the -whole tribe, some forty excepted, who were afterwards cut off -by their enemies of a neighbouring tribe, so that at this -moment not a Mandan exists over the whole wide continent, -where, before the baleful appearance of the white man, his free -ancestors ranged so happily.</p> - -<p>This is bad, but a still more melancholy element of decay is -the habit of drinking spirituous liquors, which is daily gaining -ground among these hapless Americans; this produces an -amount of crime and suffering that, even in our own country, -could find no parallel; not only is the excitable nature of -the Red man stirred to actual madness by these atrocious -poisons; but because, unlike his brother of civilized countries, -he depends on his own unassisted physical powers for the most -immediate and pressing wants of life—no grazier or butcher, -no miller or baker, has <em>he</em> to provide for a time against improvidence -on his part; from no accommodating “shop” can <em>his</em> -wife gain credit for the moment—his family starves at once if -his own resources are destroyed; and an eloquent writer of the -day has well remarked, that “it is dreadful to reflect on the -situation of a poor Indian hunter, when he finds, he knows not -why, that his limbs are daily failing him in the chase, that his -arrow ceases to go straight to the mark, and that his nerves -tremble before the wild animals it was but lately his pride to -encounter.” We have been furnished by intelligent eye-witnesses -with fearful instances of wrong and outrage committed -by the unhappy Indians on each other while under the influence -of the poison which we Christians—ah, woe for the profanation!—have -bestowed on our Red brothers; but our limits -do not permit their insertion.</p> - -<p>We call the native American, “Indian,” in compliance -with established custom; but there is no propriety in the -term as applied to these people, who call themselves “Red -men,” and nothing else. They are for the most part of robust -make and of fair average size, except the Esquimaux -inhabitants of the extreme north, who are dwarfish, and -the Abipones, natives of the southern extremity of this -vast continent, who are of great height; they have prominent -features, high cheek-bones, and small deeply set black -eyes; their complexion is a cinnamon colour, varying in its -shades, and esteemed handsome among themselves in proportion -as it is dark, but with a clear, warm, coppery hue, which -last they esteem an evidence of the divine favour, for they -believe that the Great Spirit loved his Red children better than -their white brethren, and so breathed a more vivid life into -their veins; a distinction of which the visible sign is the glowing -complexion we have alluded to.</p> - -<p>The meaner vices are held in especial contempt among the -yet uncontaminated Indians: slanderers, cowards, liars, <em>misers</em>, -and <em>debtors</em> who refuse to pay when the means are in their -power, are shunned as persons in whose society no respectable -man should be seen. On the subject of debt, in particular, -Indian notions differ widely from ours. Should his debtor be -unable to meet his engagements in consequence of illness or -want of success in the chase, he scrupulously conceals the -inconvenience this may occasion, and is careful never to name -debt in the defaulter’s presence.</p> - -<p>But, on the other hand, should the inability of the debtor -proceed from indolence or intemperance, or should he be indisposed -to pay when his means permit, he is then characterised -as a “bad man”—his friends gradually abandon him, he -becomes an object of public contempt, and nothing could after -this induce his creditor to accept from him even his just demand. -He is no longer <em>permitted</em> to pay; he has forfeited the -privilege of the upright man, and must remain in the contempt -into which he has sunk; but such instances, it will be -readily supposed, are extremely rare.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span></p> - -<p>Cowardice is not punished by loss of reputation alone in -some tribes; as, among the Kansas, if the coward be found -incorrigible, he is destroyed. Te-pa-gee was a young warrior -of this tribe, who had been more than once charged with -this fatal defect. He returned on a certain occasion with his -brethren from an expedition that had been eminently successful, -but in which he had himself behaved disgracefully. The -whole tribe, except those who had lost relations, were engaged -the next day in the usual rejoicings; but Te-pa-gee, conscious -that cold looks were upon him, had withdrawn from the public -ceremonials, and seated himself sullenly on the trunk of a tree -by the river side. Shortly after, the dances of the squaws and -children having led them into his neighbourhood, the great mass -of the tribe were again around him, when E-gron-ga-see, one of -their wisest men and bravest warriors, came forth from the -festive group, and the sports being suspended, he declared to -the offender, in a voice audible to all, that his cowardice had -forfeited his life. Te-pa-gee instantly bared his breast, and -the avenger, drawing his knife from beneath his robe, plunged -it deep into the culprit’s bosom. Another warrior of equal -authority then addressed the people, expatiating on the necessity -of punishing such crimes as that committed by Te-pa-gee, -who had meanwhile died before them almost without a groan. -This fact is related by an eye-witness, who does not, however, -tell us whether the unhappy man’s constancy in death did not -go far to convince his judges that his fault was rather a defect -of nerve than the absence of power to endure.</p> - -<p>It is the custom of Indians at war with each other to imitate -the cries of various animals of the chase, for the purpose -of luring unwary hunters into an ambush. Three young warriors -of the Ottawas being thus decoyed into a wood, two of -them were shot and scalped; the third ran for his life, without -discharging his piece, setting up the yell of defeat as he ran. -The men of his tribe were alarmed, and went instantly in pursuit -of the enemy, whom they could not overtake; but on their -return, they fell in with a hunting party of the same tribe, -whom they fell upon by surprise and scalped. The usual rejoicings -of the women and children took place on their return; -they were seated under the shade of broad trees to smoke with -the old men, and Shembagah, the one who had escaped by -running, went towards them with looks congratulating their -success; but no one deigned him a look, or a word of notice, -and he had scarcely got among them before all rose and left, -the place. This punishment was too great for him to bear; -he left his people without saying a word or taking leave of any -one, and was never more heard of, while the relater of this -anecdote remained with the tribe.</p> - -<p>A girl of the Ottawas being taken prisoner by a party of -the Kansas, was adopted into the family of a Kansas chief, -and soon afterwards betrothed to his son, a youth named -Moi-bee-she-ga, or the Sharp Knife. A few days before the -espousals were to be solemnised, it happened that a party of -the Mahaws came and fell upon the horses of the Kansas, -which were grazing in a neighbouring prairie, and which they -succeeded in carrying off; they were detected in the act by some -Kansas women who were gathering wood, and the warriors -being apprised, set off in pursuit. The old chief, now laden -with many snows, was unable to accompany his warriors, -whom Moi-bee-she-ga ought to have headed, but this last -chose to remain with his bride. This so enraged his father, -that he seized the arms which the recreant son shrank from -using, and destroyed them before his face, declaring that Moi-bee-she-ga -had become a squaw, and needed no arms. The -Ottawa girl, equally shocked by the dereliction of her lover, to -whom she had been warmly attached, refused to fulfil her engagement -of marriage; and the delinquent, abandoned on all -hands, was driven in disgrace from his people, and joined a -party of the wandering Pawnees.</p> - -<p>The Indian is scrupulously exact in the performance of his -engagements, and this the traders know so well, that they feel -no apprehension, when, having delivered their goods to their -Indian customer, they see him plunge into his trackless wilderness -with his purchase, and disappear amid wilds into which -no civilized foot could follow him. They know that his first -care will be to secure the game whose skin is to assist in the -redemption of his promise; and at the stipulated moment he -is again seen to emerge from the forest, unconscious even that -what we should call an unusual degree of confidence has been -reposed in him, and guided only by his own pure and simple -conviction, that a promise once given is a sacred thing, and to -be redeemed at whatever cost.</p> - -<p>Lying and treachery are held in profound abhorrence; we -could relate very many facts in support of this assertion, but -will confine ourselves to the two following ones only:—A distinguished -warrior of the Assinneboins accompanied Major -Sanford to Washington in 1832, and being there, became acquainted -with the more obvious details of every-day life -among the civilized; these he described to his people on his -return, and was listened to for some time with respectful attention; -but at length the wonders he related surpassing their -powers of belief, they decided that he had been taught by -the white men to lie, and that in a manner so shameless as to -make him a dangerous example to his younger hearers; they -then, after much solemn deliberation, concluded that he was -unworthy to live, and the unhappy man was put to death accordingly; -his protestations of innocence being regarded but as -a deeper plunging into crime.</p> - -<p>Every thing connected with the dead is held sacred, but the -mode of burial differs widely in different tribes. Some place -the body dressed and armed with bow, quiver, tomahawk, &c., -on the ground between flat stones set edge upwards, and cover -it, first with similar stones, and afterwards with earth; others -bury at about two feet below the earth. Among the Mandans -it was customary (alas for the necessity of that “was”) to lay -their dead, well wrapped in skins, on high scaffolds, as practised -by the Parsees of Asia. After a sufficient lapse of time, -the bones were gathered, and buried with solemn ceremonies, -the skulls excepted, which were ranged in a circle within a -larger one formed of buffalo skulls, and thither the women -belonging to the family of the deceased repair to soothe the departed -with songs, to inform him how those he left behind are -faring, and to feed him with their choicest dainties, dishes of -which they leave behind at their departure.</p> - -<p>Mourning for the dead is expressed by certain modes of -paint, and among some tribes by cutting off locks of the hair. -The sketch that accompanies this paper represents two warriors, -and a woman of the Sacs and Foxes, mourning over the -tomb of Black Hawk, the celebrated leader of the war known -as the Black Hawk War.</p> - -<p>A party of Ottawas and the Kansas having been at war, -had met “to bury the tomahawk under the roots of the -tree of friendship, and sit under its shadow to smoke the pipe -of peace, and to <em>hear the birds sing</em>.” Some traders passed -through their hunting-grounds, from whom they purchased -whisky, and, heated by this, an Ottawa quarrelled with a -Kansa; but being reminded by their friends of the lately promised -peace, they desisted from all hostility, and both, with -the whole party, soon after fell asleep. The Ottawa, awaking -first, stabbed his sleeping adversary to the heart, and fled -into the forest. When the whole party aroused themselves, they -perceived by the arms of the murdered man that he had -been taken at advantage, and the brother of the offender, abhorrent -of treachery, so foreign to Indian habits, at once declared -his intention of pursuing the culprit. Nothing doubting -his integrity, the aggrieved Kansas sat silently awaiting his -return, which took place two hours after; he had secured and -now delivered up the murderer, who was immediately put to -death.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p> - -<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Dancing.</span>—Dancing is an amusement which has been discouraged -in our country by many of the best people, and not -without reason. Dancing is associated in their minds with -balls; and this is one of the worst forms of social pleasure. -The time consumed in preparation for a ball, the waste of -thought upon it, the extravagance of dress, the late hours, the -exhaustion of strength, the exposure of health, and the languor -of the succeeding day—these, and other evils connected -with this amusement, are strong reasons for banishing it from -the community. But dancing ought not therefore to be proscribed. -On the contrary, balls should be discouraged for -this, among other reasons, that dancing, instead of being a -rare pleasure, requiring elaborate preparation, may become -an every-day amusement, and may mix with our common -intercourse. This exercise is among the most healthful. The -body, as well as the mind, feels its gladdening influence. -No amusement seems more to have a foundation in our -nature. The animation of youth naturally overflows in harmonious -movements. The true idea of dancing entitles it to -favour. Its end is to realise perfect grace in motion; and -who does not know that a sense of the graceful is one of the -higher faculties of our nature? It is to be desired that dancing -should become too common among us to be made the -object of special preparation, as in the ball; that members of -the same family, when confined by unfavourable weather, -should recur to it for exercise and exhilaration; that branches -of the same family should enliven in this way their occasional -meetings; that it should fill up an hour in all the assemblages -for relaxation, in which the young form a part. It is to be -desired that this accomplishment should be extended to the -labouring classes of society, not only as an innocent pleasure, -but as a means of improving the manners. Why shall not -gracefulness be spread through the whole community? -From the French nation we learn that a degree of grace and -refinement of manners may pervade all classes. The philanthropist -and Christian must desire to break down the partition -walls between human beings in different conditions: and -one means of doing this is to remove the conscious awkwardness -which confinement to laborious occupations is apt to -induce. An accomplishment, giving free and graceful movement, -though a far weaker bond than intellectual or moral -culture, still does something to bring those who partake it -near each other.—<cite>Dr Channing’s Address on Temperance.</cite></p> - -<h2 class="gap4" id="SEAL_OF_WILLIAM_BISHOP_OF_KILDARE">SEAL OF WILLIAM, BISHOP OF KILDARE.</h2> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;"> -<img src="images/seal.jpg" width="200" height="300" alt="An impression from the seal -of one of the bishops of Kildare anterior to the Reformation." /> -</div> - -<p>The prefixed woodcut represents an impression from the seal -of one of the bishops of Kildare anterior to the Reformation, -the matrix of which is in the possession of a gentleman in -Dublin.</p> - -<p>The device exhibits three statues standing in canopied -niches, of the florid Gothic or pointed style of architecture of -the fifteenth century. The centre figure represents the Virgin -and child, and the figures on each side appear intended to -represent the patron saints of Ireland. Patrick and Brigid. -Below the centre figure there is a smaller niche, containing a -figure of another ecclesiastic, with his hands raised, in the -attitude of prayer, and his arm supporting the pastoral staff. -This figure, it is probable, is intended to represent St Conlæth, -the first bishop of Kildare, who was cotemporary with -St Brigid, and said to have been the joint founder of that see. -On each side of this figure is a shield, one of which bears the -arms of France and England quarterly; the other, two keys -in saltire, in chief a royal crown; a device which, it is worthy -of remark, constitutes the arms anciently and still borne by -the archbishops of York, and the appearance of which in this -seal may therefore not be easy to account for. The inscription -reads as follows:—</p> - -<p class="center">“<i lang="la">Sigillum Willim dei gracia Kyldarens epi</i>,”</p> - -<p>or, <i lang="la">Sigillum Willelmi dei gratia Kyldarensis Episcopus</i> (the -seal of William, by the grace of God, Bishop of Kildare).</p> - -<p>As among the bishops of Kildare two of the name of William -occur in the fifteenth century, it may not be easy to -determine with certainty to which of them this seal should be -assigned; but there appears the greatest reason to ascribe it -to the first, who, according to Ware, having been previously -archdeacon of Kildare, was appointed to this see by the provision -of Pope Eugene IV, in 1432, and, having governed this -see fourteen years, died in April 1446.</p> - -<p class="right">P.</p> - -<h2 class="gap4" id="THE_DESOLATION_OF_SCIO">THE DESOLATION OF SCIO.<br /> -(1822.)</h2> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">A deep, a broken note of woe</div> -<div class="verse">Rose from the Archipelago.</div> -<div class="verse">The seaman, passing Scio by,</div> -<div class="verse">Stood out from shore: the wailful cry</div> -<div class="verse">That reached him on the waters blue</div> -<div class="verse">Was more than man could listen to;</div> -<div class="verse">And when no more the death-cry came,</div> -<div class="verse">The rising smoke, the sun-dimmed flame,</div> -<div class="verse">The flashings of the scymitar,</div> -<div class="verse">Told Scio’s slaughter from afar!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">What demon governed your debates,</div> -<div class="verse">Ye mighty Christian potentates,</div> -<div class="verse">That Greece, the land of light and song,</div> -<div class="verse">Should feel the Paynim scourge so long?</div> -<div class="verse">That Greece, for all the lore she gave,</div> -<div class="verse">Should cry in vain, “Save, Europe, save!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">How could you let the gasping child</div> -<div class="verse">Besmear with gore the mother wild?</div> -<div class="verse">How could ye let that wild one be</div> -<div class="verse">The sport of wanton cruelty?</div> -<div class="verse">Or Beauty, from Dishonour’s bed,</div> -<div class="verse">Swell reeking piles of kindred dead,</div> -<div class="verse">Where mingled, in the corse-fed fires,</div> -<div class="verse">The cindered bones of sons and sires!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">But all is o’er—the storm hath passed,</div> -<div class="verse">Nor oak, nor osier ’scaped the blast,</div> -<div class="verse">Nor flow’ret of the loveliest dye—</div> -<div class="verse">All, all in one black ruin lie!</div> -<div class="verse">In one short day a People fall—</div> -<div class="verse">Their mansions make their funeral pall—</div> -<div class="verse">Their winding-sheets are sheets of flame—</div> -<div class="verse">Their epitaphs, “Shame, Europe, shame!”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Inhuman deed! Oh, murdered race!</div> -<div class="verse">To Turk, to Holy League disgrace!</div> -<div class="verse">Blush, Christian princes!—heartless men</div> -<div class="verse">Who rule the councils, ne’er again</div> -<div class="verse">Look on the Cross!—you have its ban—</div> -<div class="verse">You crowned it with the Alcoran!</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse right">T.</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Patriotism.</span>—Patriotism, or love of country, is a sentiment -which pervades almost every human breast, and induces each -individual to prefer the land of his birth, not because it is better -than another country, but merely because it is his country. -This sentiment may be illustrated by a variety of anecdotes. -Many of the Swiss, on account of the poverty of their country, -are induced to seek military service in foreign lands. -Yet, in their voluntary exile, so strong is their affection for -their native hills, that whole regiments have been said to be -on the point of desertion, in consequence of the vivid recollections -excited by one of their national songs. A French -writer informs us that a native of one of the Asiatic isles, -amid the splendours of Paris, beholding a banana-tree in the -Garden of Plants, bathed it with tears, and seemed for a -moment to be transported to his own land. The Ethiopian -imagines that God made his sands and deserts, while angels -only were employed in forming the rest of the world. The -Maltese, insulated on a rock, distinguished their island by the -appellation of “The Flower of the World.” The Javanese -have such an affection for the place of their nativity, that no -advantages can induce them, particularly the agricultural -tribes, to quit the tombs of their fathers. The Norwegians, -proud of their barren summits, inscribe upon their rix-dollars, -“Spirit, loyalty, valour, and whatever is honourable, let the -world learn among the rocks of Norway.” The Esquimaux -are no less attached to their frigid zone, esteeming the luxuries -of blubber-oil for food, and an ice cabin for a habitation, -above all the refinements of other countries.—<cite>Fireside Education, -by S. G. Goodrich.</cite></p> - -<p>If a man be gracious and civil to a stranger, it shows he is -a citizen of the world, and that his heart is no island cut off -from other lands, but a continent that joins them.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p> - -<h2 class="gap4" id="THE_SOD_PARTY">THE SOD PARTY.</h2> - -<h3>PART II.</h3> - -<p>In those days the favourite resort for parties of pleasure was -the rocky shore of Howth, facing Killiney, and our party had -selected a spot which was well known to two or three of them. -It was a little hollow in the rocks, where the mould had -collected, and was covered with a smooth close sod. Its -form resembled a horse shoe, the open being to the sea; and -the rock descended at that side perpendicularly six or seven -feet to the water. There was just room enough for the party -to seat themselves comfortably, so that every one could enjoy -the seaward view. It was a considerable distance from the -place where the vehicles should stop; indeed, the hill intervened -and should be crossed, so that it was no trifling matter -to carry a large basket or hamper to it.</p> - -<p>O’Gorman resolved not to encumber himself with any thing -that might divide his attention with his charming partner; and, -accordingly, when they had pulled up, calling to the driver of -the jarvey, “Here, Murphy,” said he, “you’ll take charge of -the basket that’s slung under the gig, and follow the rest when -they’re ready.”</p> - -<p>“Oh, to be sure, sir, sartinly,” was the reply, and away -went Bob to show the scenery to Miss Kate, from various -points quite unknown to her before, leaving the remainder of -the party to settle matters as they pleased.</p> - -<p>Murphy’s assistance was required by the servants who were -unlading the carriages first; and each gentleman, taking a -basket or bundle, and even the ladies charging themselves -with some light articles, they set forward, leaving two or -three heavy hampers to the servants’ charge.</p> - -<p>All having at length departed, except Mr O’Donnell’s servant, -who had been left in charge of the vehicles, and Murphy, -who was to take the gig basket, the latter proceeded to unstrap -it. As he shook it in opening the buckles, some broken -glass fell upon the road.</p> - -<p>“Oh! miallia murther! what’s this? My sowl to glory, -if half the bottom isn’t out ov the bashket. Och hone, oh! -Masther Bob, bud you are the raal clip. By gannies, he’s -dhruv till he’s dhruv the knives and forks clane through; the -dickens a one there’s left; an’ as for the glasses, be my -sowl he’d be a handy fellow that ud put one together. Oh! -marcy sa’ me! here’s a purty mess. Musha! what’s best to -be done, at all at all?”</p> - -<p>“Take it to them any how,” answered his companion, “and -show it to them.”</p> - -<p>“Arrah, what’s the use of hawkin’ it over the mountain? -Can’t I jist go an’ tell what’s happened?”</p> - -<p>“Take care you wouldn’t have to come back for it,” said -the other, “an’ have two journies instead of one. Maybe they -wouldn’t b’lieve you, thinkin’ it was only a thrick that that -limb o’ th’ ould boy put you up to.”</p> - -<p>The prospect of a second journey, on such a hot day, not -being particularly agreeable, Murphy took up the shattered -basket and proceeded.</p> - -<p>Having yet two hours to spare, the party resolved to consume -them by sauntering about until the hour appointed for -dinner, which being come, and all having assembled at one -point, near the Bailey, they proceeded together to the chosen -spot, where they found Murphy awaiting them with a most -rueful countenance. He had been vainly trying to invent some -plausible excuse for his patron, as he dreaded that all the -blame would be thrown upon Bob’s hard driving at setting out.</p> - -<p>“The bottom’s fell out o’ the blaggard rotten ould bashket, -ma’am, an’ the knives an’ forks has fell an the road.”</p> - -<p>“Oh, well,” said Mr Sharpe (who did not seem to be either so -astonished or angry as one might have expected), “give them -a rub in a napkin; a little dust won’t do them any harm.”</p> - -<p>“Why, thin, the sorra a one o’ them there is to rub,” said -Murphy, “barrin’ this one crukked ould fork.”</p> - -<p>Despite his loss, Mr Sharpe could not refrain from laughing -when Murphy held up an article, which had certainly been -packed for a joke, it was so distorted, one prong being tolerably -straight, but the other sticking out as if it was going to -march. However, collecting himself, he asked sternly, “Do -you mean to tell me that all the knives and forks were lost -upon the road?” “Jist so, sir,” was the reply.</p> - -<p>“The glass; is it safe?”</p> - -<p>“Bruck, sir—all in smithereens; sorra as much ov id together -as ud show what the patthern was.”</p> - -<p>“And the spoons,” roared Mr Sharpe, as if the thought -had only just struck him.</p> - -<p>“Spoons! sir. Oh, be my sowl you’d betther look for thim -yourself; here’s the bashket.”</p> - -<p>“This is a costly party to me,” said Mr Sharpe, “but it -can’t be helped now; so don’t let my loss cause any diminution -of your pleasure or enjoyment.”</p> - -<p>Every one looked with perfect admiration at Mr Sharpe, -surprised at his magnanimity, and Mrs Harvey thought that -she must have altogether mistaken his character hitherto; but -she would not have thought so, had she known that he had -purposely procured a rotten basket, with the bottom partially -broken, in which he had packed a quantity of broken glass, -and in which he (of course) had <em>not</em> packed either spoons, -knives, or forks, except the very one which Murphy had held -up; and it was to prevent examination or inquiry that he had -been so voluble upon his arrival in the morning. But had his -loss been, as the company supposed, real instead of fictitious, -he must have been gratified, nay delighted, at the dismay -which gradually spread itself over almost every countenance, -at the prospect of having to eat a dinner without knives, forks, -or spoons, and to drink without glasses, or even cups.</p> - -<p>“Gentlemen,” said Mr Harvey, “have you got penknives -with you? I have forgotten mine.”</p> - -<p>So had every one else except Mr Sharpe. He would willingly -have kept it secret, but he knew that if he should attempt -to use it himself, it would be seen; so he made a virtue -of necessity, and lent it to Mr Harvey for the purpose of -carving the roast beef!</p> - -<p>The dinner was now nearly arranged, and the last basket, -in which Mulholland had packed the roast beef, was opened. -The remnant of an old college gown was first dragged forth, -and Mr O’Brien’s servant, to whom the task was assigned, -looked in, tittered, looked again, and then drew forth two long -large ribs, with a piece of meat about the size of a cricket -ball attached to the ends of them. Having laid them on the -dish, he dipped again, and produced, with another titter, a -shapeless lump of meat without any bone—(he would be a -clever anatomist that could tell what part of the beast it had -been). Another dip, and with a roar of laughter he raised and -deposited on the dish four ribs, from which nearly every morsel -of meat had been cut.</p> - -<p>“What is the meaning of this, Mr O’Gorman?” said Mrs -Harvey, who was quite disconcerted at the turn things had -taken, and was now seriously disposed to be angry.</p> - -<p>“My dear madam,” said he, “it may look a little unsightly, -but it is all prime meat, depend upon it. It was dressed yesterday -for the College dining-hall.”</p> - -<p>“You don’t mean, surely, to call bare bones <em>meat</em>, sir?”</p> - -<p>“My dear madam,” said Bob, “you will find that there is -as much meat without bone as will compensate. Mulholland -is a very honest fellow in that respect.”</p> - -<p>Some laughed, some were annoyed, some were disgusted; -but by degrees hunger asserted its rights, and reconciled them -a little, especially when O’Gorman pointed out how much -easier it would be to carve the small pieces with a <em>penknife</em>, -than if they had but one large one.</p> - -<p>“Well,” said Mrs Harvey, “I have long indulged the hope -of having a <i>pic-nic</i> party so perfectly arranged that nothing -should go astray; and so far have I been from succeeding, -that I really do think there never was a more unfortunate, -irregular affair. I really do not know what to say, and I feel -quite incompetent to preside. Mr O’Gorman, as you have the -happy knack of making the best of every thing, I believe you -are the person best qualified in this company to make the -most of the matter, and we must rely on your ingenuity.”</p> - -<p>“Thank you, ma’am. That is as much as to say, ‘Bob, -as you have treated us to broken meat, and lost the knives -and forks, you will please to carve!’ Well, nabocklish, this -isn’t a round table, like Prince Arthur’s, for it’s little more -than half round, and we have old Howth at the head, and old -Neptune at the foot of it; but, for the rest, we don’t stand -upon precedence, and therefore I need not change my place, -to preside. Mr Harvey, I’ll trouble you for the penknife—I -beg pardon—the carver—hem! and that specimen of antediluvian -cutlery, the ‘<i>crukked ould fork</i>.’ Thank you—shove over -the beef now. Ods marrow-bones and cleavers! what a heap! -Gentlemen, you had better turn up your cuffs as a needful -preliminary; and, perchance, an ablution may also be necessary—you -can get down to the water here, at this side.”</p> - -<p>As soon as the party had re-assembled, after having washed -their hands, he again addressed them.</p> - -<p>“Mr Sharpe, and Mr Harvey, will you please to drag that, -turkey asunder? Mr O’Brien, will you tear a wing off that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> -fowl for Miss O’Donnell? Fitz, gnaw the cord off one of -those ale bottles; draw the cork with your teeth, and send -the bottle round. The corkscrew was with the knives.”</p> - -<p>“Draw my teeth with the cork, you mean; I had rather -knock off the neck, thank you,” said Fitz, about to suit the -action to the word.</p> - -<p>“No, no,” cried Bob, “do you forget that we must drink -out of the bottles? Do you want the ladies to cut their -pretty lips with the broken glass, you Mohawk! Though, -faith,” said he, in an under-tone, to his fair companion, “I -could almost wish such an accident to happen to some one that -I know, that I might have an opportunity of exhibiting my -courageous devotion, by sucking the wound.”</p> - -<p>“A prize! a prize!” cried he, jumping up and running a -little distance. He returned with five or six large Malahide -oyster shells, that had been bleaching on the cliff, where they -had been thrown by some former party. Two of them were -top shells. “Here,” said he, throwing one to Sweeny, “is a -carver for that ham; make haste and put an edge on it, on the -rock. Ladies, here are primitive drinking goblets for you. -Miss O’Brien, the pleasure of a <em>shell</em> of wine with you.”</p> - -<p>“I have put a very good edge on the shell,” said Sweeny, -“but I can’t cut the ham with it, it slides about so.”</p> - -<p>“Psha! take a grip of it by the shank, can’t you? What -are you afraid of, you omedhaun? Hold it fast, and don’t let -it slide. Costello, break up that loaf and send it round. -Mr O’Donnell, will you have the goodness to hold one of these -ribs for me. Oh, faith, finger and thumb work won’t do; -you must take it in your fist, and hold it tight; now pull—bravo! -Beau Brummell would be just in his element here. -Be my sowl, as Paddy Murphy says, I think if he saw us, -he’d jump into that element there to get away.”</p> - -<p>Mr Sharpe was now in his glory; he had, with Mr Harvey’s -assistance, torn up the turkey; and seeing that Bob had decidedly -the worst job at the table, he asked him for beef. Mr -Harvey joined in the joke, and put in also; but their man was -too able for them.</p> - -<p>“As you are in partnership in the turkey business, in which -you have been so successful,” said he, “you had better continue -so, in the general provision line,” handing them a piece -sufficient to satisfy two, and prevent them from calling again.</p> - -<p>“Bill” (to one of the college men), “here’s a shell for you -to cut the crust of that pie, and help it. Jem” (to another), -“Miss Kate O’Brien wishes for some of that chicken that -you are trying to dislocate, as gently as if you were afraid of -hurting it, or greasing your fingers.” “What part?” said Jem.</p> - -<p>“A little of the soul, if you please,” said Kate, with a maliciously -demure face.</p> - -<p>“Here it is for you. Miss Kate, soul and body;” and he -handed it to her.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">“The mirth and fun (now) grew fast and furious.”</div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>No water fit for drinking could be procured, and the consequence -was, that the ale, porter, and wine, were swallowed too -abundantly by the gentlemen. Songs were called for, and -O’Gorman was in the midst of the “Groves of Blarney,” when -Costello shouted out, “A porpoise! a porpoise!”</p> - -<p>Up jumped the whole party, and up also jumped the table-cloth, -which Mr O’Donnell and Mr Sharpe had fastened to -their coats or waistcoats.</p> - -<p>They sat directly facing the opening to the water, with -Mrs Harvey between them; so that when, by their sudden -start up, they raised the cloth, it formed an inclined plane, -down which dishes, plates, bottles, pies, bread, and meat, -glided, not majestically, but too rapidly, into the sea. Then, -oh! what a clamour!</p> - -<p>Above the jingling of broken bottles and plates, the crash -of dishes, and the exclamations of the gentlemen, arose the -never-failing shriek of the ladies. And then came a pause, -whilst they silently watched the last dish as it gracefully receded -from their view.</p> - -<p>“Oh! faith,” said Mrs Harvey (surprised by her emotion -into using a gentle oath), “I think it is time to go home <em>now</em>.”</p> - -<p>“Faith,” said O’Gorman, “it is time to leave the dinner-table -at all events, since the things have been removed; but -as to going home, we have so little to carry, or look after, -besides ourselves and—hic—the ladies, that I think, with all -respect to Mrs Harvey, we may—hic—take it easy. I wish -I could get a drink of water to cure this hic—hiccough; for I -am certain, Miss O’Brien, I need not assure you—indeed I -can appeal to you to bear witness—hic—that it was the <em>want</em>, -not the quantity of liquid, that has brought it on.”</p> - -<p>The “want,” however, had made Bob’s eyes particularly -and unusually luminous; nor did Kate take his proposition -“to launch all the hampers and baskets, after their recent -contents, into the sea,” to be any additional proof of his self-possession; -and when, with a caper and whoop, he sent Mulholland’s -basket to the fishes, her suspicions that he was -slightly elevated became considerably strengthened.</p> - -<p>“Mrs Harvey,” said Mr Sharpe, “you think your party -unfortunate. I have been upon a great many parties of this -kind, and I assure you I have seen far more unpleasant -affairs—(Gentlemen, here are a few bottles of wine that have -escaped the watery fate of their unhappy companions). Now, -the very last party that I was on last season, three or four of -the gentlemen quarrelled (pass the wine if you please), and -one of them, in the scrimmage, was knocked over the rocks -into the sea.”</p> - -<p>“Mercy on us, Mr Sharpe! was he drowned?”</p> - -<p>“Why, no, but his collar-bone was broken, and his shoulder -dislocated. But a worse accident happened in coming -home.”</p> - -<p>“What was it?”</p> - -<p>“Poor Singleton had come, with his wife and two nieces, in -a job carriage; the driver got drunk, and overturned the -whole concern, just where the road branches off down to the -strand; they rolled over the cliff, and fell about twenty feet; -the horses were both killed, and the whole party dreadfully -injured, barely escaping with life. Then, the quarrel after -dinner (by which Jones got his collar-bone broken) led to a -duel on the following morning, in which one of the parties, -Edwards, fell; and his antagonist, young O’Neill, got a bullet -in his knee, which has lamed and disfigured him for life. -Pass the wine, gentlemen.”</p> - -<p>“No! no! no!” screamed Mrs Harvey, on whom the above -delectable recital had had the desired effect, and who was -worked into a desperate state of terror, “no more wine, gentlemen, -if you please. Come, ladies, we must return at once, -before evening closes in.”</p> - -<p>Each lady being perfectly satisfied that the gentleman who -had fallen to her lot would keep sober, whatever <em>others</em> might -do, demurred to the early retreat; but Mrs Harvey was too -much frightened at the prospect of returning with gentlemen -and drivers drunk, not to be determined; and, accordingly, -with much growling, and the most general dissatisfaction, the -party broke up.</p> - -<p>“I am done with <i>pic-nics</i>—I’ll never have any thing to say -to one again,” said the disappointed directress. “There -never was any affair more perfectly arranged, never was so -much care taken to have things regular. I never proposed to -myself such enjoyment as I expected this day.”</p> - -<p>“My dear Mrs Harvey,” said O’Gorman, to whose countenance -the last four or five shells of wine had imparted an -air of the most profound wisdom, “my dear Mrs Harvey, -‘the whole art of happiness is <em>contentment</em>.’ This is the great -secret of enjoyment in this life—this is the talisman that -clothes poverty in imperial robes, and imparts to the hovel a -grandeur unknown to the halls of princes—this is the true -philosopher’s stone, for which alchymists so long have sought -in vain, that converts all it touches into gold—this is the cosmetic -that beautifies the ill-favoured wife, and the magic wand -that bestows upon the frugal board the appearance of surpassing -plenty—this is the shield of adamantine proof, on -which disappointment vainly showers its keenest darts—this -is the impregnable fortress, ensconced in which, we may -boldly bid defiance to the combined forces of sublunary ills—and -whether it be announced from the pulpit or the cliff, by -the dignified divine or the college scamp; be it soothingly -whispered in the ear of the deposed and exiled monarch, or -tendered as comfort to the discomfited authoress of a <i>pic-nic</i>, -it still retains, in undiminished force, its universality of application”——</p> - -<p>Here Mr Sweeny facetiously gave him a slap on the crown -of the hat, which drove it down, and stuck it gracefully over -his eye, thereby breaking the thread of his discourse. He -then addressed the fair Catherine; but all his eloquence and -profundity were unavailing to induce her to return with him -in the gig. She would listen to nothing but the carriage, -and as room could not be made for him inside, he mounted -the box, leaving the gig to any one that pleased to have it. -Nor was it long untenanted. Frank Costello and Bill Nowlan -mounted together, and were found in it next morning fast -asleep, in the stable-lane behind Mr Sharpe’s house, the horse -having found his way home when left to his own guidance.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span></p> - -<p>The remainder of the party arrived as safely, but somewhat -more regularly, in the evening of their eventful day, -and all dissatisfied except Mr O’Gorman, and</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Naisi.</span></p> - -<h2 class="gap4" id="STREET_TACTICS">STREET TACTICS.</h2> - -<p>You, most respectable reader, who owe no man any thing that -you are not able and willing to pay, may know nothing of the -tactics alluded to in the title of this paper. But there -is, you may depend upon it, a pretty numerous class of the -community to whom these tactics are quite familiar, and who -practise them to a greater or lesser extent every day of their -lives.</p> - -<p>Street tactics, let us define the term, is the art or science -of avoiding all persons on the streets, and all places in the -streets—shops, for instance—whom and which, for particular -reasons of your own, you are desirous of eschewing.</p> - -<p>The art is thus one of deep concernment to the whole of -that numerous and respectable body known by the generic -name of “gentlemen in difficulties.” This term, however, is -one of very extensive signification, and includes various descriptions -of gentlemen as well as difficulties; but on the present -occasion we mean to confine ourselves to one particular -class—the gentlemen whose difficulties arise from their having -more creditors than crowns—the gentlemen who have -contrived to surround themselves with a large constituency of -the former, and who cannot by any means contrive to get hold -of an adequate supply of the latter—the gentlemen who are -sufficiently respectable to get into debt, but not sufficiently -wealthy to get out of it.</p> - -<p>The reader can have no idea how difficult a matter it is for -a gentleman of this description to work his way through the -streets, so as to avoid all unpleasant encounters; how serious -a matter it is for him to move from one point of the city to -another. To him the streets are, in fact, as difficult and dangerous -to traverse as if they were strewed with heated plough-shares, -or lined with concealed pitfalls. He cannot move a -hundred yards, unless he moves warily, without encountering -somebody to whom he owes something, or passing some shop -where his name is not in the most savoury odour.</p> - -<p>It is, then, the manœuvring necessary to avoid those disagreeables -that constitutes street tactics, and confers on the -gentleman who practises them the character of what we would -call a street tactician.</p> - -<p>This person, as already hinted, when he moves at all, must -move cautiously, and must consider well, before he starts, which -is his safest course; which the course in which he is least -likely to encounter an enemy in the shape of a creditor, and -which will subject him to running the gauntlet of the fewest -number of obnoxious shops. The amount of manœuvring -required to accomplish this is amazing, and the ingenuity -exhibited in it frequently very remarkable.</p> - -<p>When on the move, the street tactician is obliged to be constantly -on the alert, to have all his eyes about him, lest an -enemy should come upon him unawares. This incessant vigilance -keeps him always wide awake, always on the look-out, -and makes him as sharp as a needle. Even while speaking to -you, his keen and restless eye is roving up and down the street -to see that no danger is approaching.</p> - -<p>Like the training of the Indian, this incessant vigilance improves -his physical faculties wonderfully, especially his vision, -which it renders singularly acute. He can detect a creditor -at a distance at which the nearest friend, the most intimate -acquaintance of that person, could not recognise him: he -can see him approaching in a crowded street, where no other -eye but his own could possibly single him out.</p> - -<p>Gifted with this remarkable power of vision, it is rare that -the street tactician is taken by surprise, as it affords him time -to plan and effect his escape, at both of which he is amazingly -prompt and dexterous.</p> - -<p>As the great object with the street tactician in moving -from one point of the city to another is not the shortest but -the safest course, he is necessarily subjected to a vast deal of -traverse sailing, and thereby to enormous increases of distance, -being frequently obliged to make the circuit of half -the town to get at the next street. His way is thus most particularly -devious, and to one who should watch his motions -without knowing the principles on which he moves, would appear -altogether incomprehensible. Here he crosses a street -with a sudden dart, there he turns a corner with a slow and -stealthy step; now he walks deliberately, now as if it were -for a wager. Again he walks slowly; then comes a sudden -brush: it is to clear some dangerous spot in which an -enemy is lurking in ambuscade—the shop door of a creditor. -Now he <em>cuts</em> down an alley; now hesitates before he emerges -at the opposite end; now darts out of it as if he had been -fired from it, like a shell from a mortar. And thus, and thus, -and thus he finally completes his circuitous and perilous -journey. It is fatiguing and laborious work, but it must be -done if he would avoid being worried to death.</p> - -<p>Besides that ever watchfulness, that sleepless vigilance that -distinguishes the street tactician, there is about him a degree -of presence of mind not less worthy of special notice. It is -by this ready fortitude and coolness of temper that he is enabled, -even when in what may be called the immediate presence -of an enemy, to devise and execute with promptness and decision -the most ingenious expedients for avoiding personal contact—that -enables him, when within twenty yards of the foe -(when so near that a less experienced hand, one of less steady -nerve, would inevitably fall into the clutches of his dun, and -who would at once be given up for lost by any on-looker) to -effect a retreat, and thus avoid the crave personal—in so cool -and masterly a way, that the enemy himself shall not know -that he has been <em>shirked</em>, but shall be deceived into a belief -that he has not been seen, and that the pretext, or pretexts, -under cover of which the street tactician has evaded him, has -or have been true and natural. This is a difficult point to -manage; but old hands ran do it admirably, and, when well -done, is a very beautiful manœuvre.</p> - -<p>The skilful street tactician never exhibits any flurry or agitation, -however imminent his danger may be: it is only green-horns -that do this. Neither does he hurry or run away from -an enemy when he sees him. This would at once betray malice -prepense, and excite the utmost wrath of the latter, who, the -moment he got home, would put his claim into the hands of his -lawyer; a proceeding which he must by no means be provoked -into adopting.</p> - -<p>The skilful street tactician takes care of this, then, and -studies to effect his retreats in such a way as to excite no suspicion -of design. He does, indeed, take some very sudden and -abrupt turns down streets and up lanes when he sees an -enemy approaching; but he does it with so unconscious a look, -and with such a <i lang="la">bona fide</i> air, that neither you nor his creditor -would for a moment suspect any thing else than that he -was just going that way at any rate. This operation requires -great command both of muscle and manner, and can be successfully -performed only by a very superior practitioner.</p> - -<p>To the street tactician, carts, carriages, and other large -moving objects, are exceedingly useful auxiliaries as covers -from the enemy, and the dexterity and tact with which he -avails himself of their aid in effecting a “go-by,” is amazing. -By keeping the cart, carriage, or other body in a direct line -between him and the foe, he effects many wonderful, many -hair-breadth escapes. The chaise or cart is in this way, and -for this purpose, a very good thing, but the waggon of hay, -slow in its motion, and huge in its bulk, makes the best of all -protecting covers.</p> - -<p>With a waggon of hay moving along with him, and a very -little manœuvring on his own part, the expert tactician could -traverse the whole city without the risk of a single encounter. -But his having such an accompaniment for any length of time, -is of course out of the question. He must just be content to -avail himself of it when chance throws it in his way, and be -thankful for its protection throughout the length of a street.</p> - -<p>We have heard experienced street tacticians, men on whose -skill and judgment we would be disposed to place every -reliance, say, that it is a very absurd practice to run across -a street to avoid a shop, and to pass along on the opposite side. -Such a proceeding, they say—and there is reason and common -sense, as well as scientific knowledge, in the remark—only exposes -you more to the enemy, by passing you through a larger -space of his field of vision—by giving him, in short, a longer, -a fuller, and a fairer view of you. Far better, they say, to -walk close by his window at a smart pace, when the chances -are greatly in favour of your passing unobserved.</p> - -<p>This way of giving a shop the “go-by” requires, indeed, -more courage, more resolution than the other, being, certainly, -rather a daring exploit; but we are satisfied, that, like -boldness of movement in the battle-field, it is, after all, the -least dangerous.</p> - -<p class="right">C.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p> - -<h2 class="gap4" id="DEATH_OF_CATHAL_THE_RED-HANDED">DEATH OF CATHAL, THE RED-HANDED -O’CONOR.</h2> - -<p class="center">(As recorded in the Annals of the Four Masters, translated -by Mr <span class="smcap">O’Donovan</span>.)</p> - -<p>A.D. 1224.—In the spring of this year, a heavy and an -awful shower of strange rain fell on a part of Connaught, -viz. Hy-Maine in Hy-Diarmada, and other places, which produced -virulent infections and diseases amongst the cattle of -these territories, as soon as they had eaten of the grass upon -which the shower had fallen. The milk of these cattle, also, -when partaken of by the inhabitants, caused various inward -diseases among them. It was but natural that these ominous -signs should appear this year in Connaught, for they were the -foreboding heralds of a very great loss and calamity, which -fell this year upon the Connacians, namely, the death of Cathal -the Red-handed, son of Torlogh More O’Conor, and King -of Connaught, who had been the chief scourge of the traitors -and enemies of Ireland; who had contributed more than any -other man to relieve the wants of the clergy, the poor, and the -indigent, and into whose heart God had infused more goodness -and greater virtues than adorned any other cotemporary -Irish prince; for, from the time of his wife’s death to the time -of his own death, he had led a chaste and virtuous life. It -was in his time, also, that tithes were first lawfully paid in Ireland. -This honourable and upright king, this discreet, pious, -just-judging warrior, died on the twenty-eighth day of summer, -on Monday precisely, in the habit of a Grey Friar, in -the monastery of Knockmoy; which monastery, together with -its site and lands, he himself had previously granted to God -and the monks; and was interred in that monastery with honour -and respect.</p> - -<h2 class="gap4" id="EELS">EELS.</h2> - -<p>Their snake-like aspect and other reptile attributes (observes -Professor Wilson, in a work recently published, entitled “The -Rod and the Gun”), no doubt tend to form and perpetuate the -prejudice which many otherwise humane-minded men cherish -towards these insidious fishes. They move on land with great -facility, and with a motion resembling that of serpents. They -have even been seen to leave fresh-water lakes during the -night in considerable numbers, apparently for the purpose of -preying on slugs and snails among the dewy herbage. They -abound in many continental rivers, and are caught in immense -numbers in those which empty themselves into the Baltic, -where they form a considerable article of trade. It is stated -that 2000 have been caught at a sweep in Jutland, and 60,000 -have been taken in the Garonne by one net in a single day. -The habits of these fishes in relation to breeding, migration, -&c., are still but obscurely known. “That eels migrate -towards brackish water,” observes Mr Jesse, in his Gleanings -in Natural History, “in order to deposit their ova, I have but -little doubt, for the following reasons: From the month of -November until the end of January, provided the frost is not -very serious, eels migrate towards the sea. The Thames -fishermen are so aware of this fact, that they invariably set -their pots or baskets with their mouths up stream during -those months, while later in spring and summer they are set -down stream. The best time, however, for taking eels, is -during their passage towards the sea. The eel-traps, also, -which are set in three different streams near Hampton Court -(the contents of which at different times I have had opportunities -of examining), have invariably been supplied with eels -sufficiently large to be breeders, during the months I have -mentioned. This migratory disposition is not shown by small -eels; and it may therefore be assumed that they remain nearly -stationary till they are old enough to have spawn. I have -also ascertained that eels are taken in greater or lesser numbers -during the months of November or December, all the -way down the river to the brackish water. From thence the -young eels migrate, as soon as they are sufficiently large and -strong to encounter the several currents of the river, and -make their way to the different contributary streams. I have -also been able to trace the procession of young eels, or, as it is -here called, the <em>eel-fair</em>, from the neighbourhood of Blackfriars’ -Bridge, as far up the river as Chertsey, although they -probably make their way as far, or farther than Oxford. So -strong, indeed, is their migratory disposition, that it is well -known few things will prevent their progress, as even at the -locks at Teddington and Hampton the young eels have been -seen to ascend the large posts of the flood-gates, in order to -make their way, when the gates have been shut longer than -usual. Those which die stick to the posts; others, which get -a little higher, meet with the same fate, until at last a sufficient -layer of them is formed to enable the rest to overcome -the difficulty of the passage. A curious instance of the means -which young eels will have recourse to, in order to perform -their migrations, is annually proved in the neighbourhood of -Bristol. Near that city there is a large pond, immediately -adjoining which is a stream; on the bank between these two -waters a large tree grows, the branches of which hang into -the pond. By means of these branches the young eels ascend -into the tree, and from thence let themselves drop into the -stream below, thus migrating to far distant waters, where -they increase in size and become useful and beneficial to man. -A friend of mine, who was a casual witness of this circumstance, -informed me that the tree appeared to be quite alive -with these little animals. The rapid and unsteady motion of -the boughs did not appear to impede their progress.”</p> - -<h2 class="gap4" id="ANECDOTE_OF_SHERIDAN">ANECDOTE OF SHERIDAN.</h2> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sheridan</span> and <span class="smcap">Kelly</span> were one day in earnest conversation -close to the gate of the path which was then open to the -public, leading across the churchyard of St Paul’s, Covent -Garden, from King street to Henrietta street, when Mr Holloway, -who was a creditor of Sheridan’s to a considerable -amount, came up to them on horseback, and accosted Sheridan -in a tone of something more like anger than sorrow, and complained -that he never could get admittance when he called, -vowing vengeance against the infernal Swiss, Monsieur François, -if he did not let him in the next time he went to Hertford -street.</p> - -<p>Holloway was really in a passion. Sheridan knew that he -was vain of his judgment in horse-flesh, and without taking -any notice of the violence of his manner, burst into an exclamation -upon the beauty of the horse which he rode—he struck -the right chord.</p> - -<p>“Why,” said Holloway, “I think I may say there never -was a prettier creature than this. You were speaking to me, -when I last saw you, about a horse for Mrs Sheridan; now, -this would be a treasure for a lady.”</p> - -<p>“Does he canter well?” said Sheridan.</p> - -<p>“Beautifully,” replied Holloway.</p> - -<p>“If that’s the case, Holloway,” said Sheridan, “I really -should not mind stretching a point for him. Will you have -the kindness to let me see his paces?”</p> - -<p>“To be sure,” said the lawyer; and putting himself into a -graceful attitude, he threw his nag into a canter along the -market.</p> - -<p>The moment his back was turned, Sheridan wished Kelly -good morning, and went off through the churchyard, where -no horse could follow, into Bedford street, laughing immoderately, -as indeed did several of the standers-by. The only -person not entertained by this practical joke was Mr Holloway.—<cite>Reminiscences -of Michael Kelly.</cite></p> - -<p class="gap4"><span class="smcap">Maid-Servants and their “Friends.”</span>—Every master -and mistress in the United Kingdom knows what a maid-servant’s -friend is. Sometimes he is a brother, sometimes a -cousin (often a cousin), and sometimes a father, who really -wears well, and carries his age amazingly! He comes down -the area—in at the window—or through a door left ajar. -Sometimes a maid-servant, like a hare, “has many friends.” -The master of the house, after washing his hands in the back -kitchen, feels behind the door for a jack-towel, and lays hold -of a “friend’s” <em>nose</em>. “Friends” are shy: sometimes a footman -breaks a friend’s shins while plunging into the coal-cellar -for a shovel of nubblys. We speak feelingly, our own abode -having been once turned into a friends’ meeting-house—a fact -we became aware of through a smoky chimney; but a chimney -<em>will</em> smoke when <em>there is a journeyman baker</em> up it.—<cite>Kidd’s -Journal.</cite></p> - -<p class="gap4">Wisdom cannot be obtained without industry and labour. -Can we hope to find gold upon the surface of the earth, when -we dig almost to the centre of it to find lead and tin, and the -baser metals!</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>Printed and Published every Saturday by <span class="smcap">Gunn</span> and <span class="smcap">Cameron</span>, at the Office -of the General Advertiser, No 6. Church Lane, College Green, Dublin.—Agents:—London: -<span class="smcap">R. Groombridge</span>, Panyer Alley, Paternoster Row. -Manchester: <span class="smcap">Simms</span> and <span class="smcap">Dinham</span>, Exchange Street. Liverpool: <span class="smcap">J. -Davies</span>, North John Street. Birmingham: <span class="smcap">J. Drake</span>. Bristol: <span class="smcap">M. -Bingham</span>, Broad Street. Edinburgh: <span class="smcap">Fraser</span> and <span class="smcap">Crawford</span>, George -Street. Glasgow: <span class="smcap">David Robertson</span>, Trongate.</p> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 6, -August 8, 1840, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, AUG 8, 1840 *** - -***** This file should be named 53981-h.htm or 53981-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/3/9/8/53981/ - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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