diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'old/53981-0.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | old/53981-0.txt | 1545 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 1545 deletions
diff --git a/old/53981-0.txt b/old/53981-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index d1e3001..0000000 --- a/old/53981-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1545 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 6, -August 8, 1840, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 6, August 8, 1840 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: January 17, 2017 [EBook #53981] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, AUG 8, 1840 *** - - - - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - - - - - - - - - - - THE IRISH PENNY JOURNAL. - - NUMBER 6. SATURDAY, AUGUST 8, 1840. VOLUME I. - -[Illustration: THE RED MEN OF AMERICA.--FIRST ARTICLE.] - -It is a melancholy truth that this most interesting portion of the human -race is rapidly disappearing from the surface of the earth. War, its -murderous effects centupled by the destructive weapons acquired from the -white man--disease in new and terrible forms, to the treatment of which -their simple skill, and materia medica, equally simple, are wholly -incompetent--famine, the consequence of their sadly changed habits, of the -intemperance and wastefulness, substituted by the insidious arts of the -trader for the moderation and foresight of their happier fathers--the -vices, in short, and the encroachments of civilization, all and each in -its turn are blotting out tribe after tribe from the records of humanity; -and the time is fast approaching when no Red man will remain, to guard or -to mourn over the tombs of his fathers. - -The conviction of this truth is become so deeply felt, that more than one -effort has been made, and is making, to preserve some memento of this -ill-treated people. We are not so much raising our own feeble voice in the -service, as attempting a record of what others have done; but so much has -been effected, and so zealous have been the exertions made to rescue the -memory, at least, of these dying nations from oblivion, that the space we -have assigned to this notice will be taken up long before our materials -are exhausted. The accuracy of the facts and statements we shall lay -before our readers may in every case be relied on. - -Among the most devoted and persevering explorers of the Red man’s -territory, is one from whose authority, and indeed from whose very lips, -in many instances, we derive a great portion of the circumstances we are -about to describe--we allude to the celebrated George Catlin, whose abode -of seven years among the least known of their tribes, and whose earnest -enthusiasm in the task of inquiry which formed the sole object of his -visit, together with his entire success in the pursuit, have constituted -him the very first authority of the day. We have, besides, consulted all -the writers on this now engrossing subject, but in most cases have -afterwards taken the highly competent opinion just quoted, as to the -accuracy of their descriptions--an opinion that has always been given with -evident care and consideration. - -Mr Catlin has painted with his own hand, and from the life, no less than -three hundred and ten portraits of chiefs, warriors, and other -distinguished individuals of the various tribes (forty-eight in number) -among whom he sojourned, with two hundred landscapes and other paintings -descriptive of their country, their villages, religious ceremonies, -customs, sports, and whatever else was most characteristic of Indian life -in its primitive state; he has likewise collected numerous specimens of -dresses, some fringed and garnished with scalp-locks from their enemies’ -heads; mantles and robes, on which are painted, in rude hieroglyphics, the -battles and other prominent events of their owners’ lives; head-dresses, -formed of the raven’s and war-eagle’s feathers, the effect of which is -strikingly warlike and imposing; spears, shields, war clubs, bows, musical -instruments, domestic utensils, belts, pouches, necklaces of bears’ claws, -mocassins, strings of wampum, tobacco sacks; all, in short, that could in -any way exemplify the habits and customs of the people whose memory he -desired to perpetuate, have been brought together, at great cost and some -hazard to life, by this indefatigable explorer--the whole forming a museum -of surpassing interest, and which is daily attracting the people of London -to the gallery wherein it is exhibited. - -The most important of the North American tribes are the Camanchees, -inhabiting the western parts of Texas, and numbering from 25,000 to 30,000 -expert horsemen and bold lancers, but excessively wild, and continually at -war; the Pawnee-Picts, neighbours to and in league with the Camanchees; -the Kiowas, also in alliance with the two warlike tribes above named, whom -they join alike in the battle or chase; the Sioux, numbering no less than -40,000, and inhabiting a vast tract on the upper waters of the Mississippi -and Missouri rivers. Next come the Pawnees, a tribe totally distinct both -in language and customs from the Pawnee-Picts, whose hunting-grounds are a -thousand miles distant from those of the Pawnees; this wild and very -warlike tribe shave the head with the exception of the scalp-lock (which -they would hold it cowardly and most unjust to their enemy to remove), as -do the Osages, the Konzas, &c. The Pawnees lost half their numbers by -small-pox in 1823, but are still very numerous; their seats are on the -river Platte, from the Missouri to the Rocky Mountains. - -The Blackfeet, the Crows (their inveterate enemies), the Crees, the -Assinneboins, occupying the country from the mouth of the Yellow Stone -River to Lake Winnipeg, the Ojibbeways or Chippeways, holding the southern -shores of Lake Superior, the Lake of the Woods, and the Athabasca; the -Flatheads, on the head-waters of the Columbia; and the Cherokees, removed -from Georgia to the upper waters of the Arkansas, are also important -tribes; as are the Muskogee or Creek Indians, recently transplanted from -Georgia and Alabama to the Arkansas, seven hundred miles west of the -Mississippi. - -The Seminolees are also in process of removal to the Arkansas, as are the -Enchees, once a powerful tribe, but now merging into the above, and with -them forming one people. Most of these tribes, as well as others that we -have not room even to specify, have been reduced, by the different -scourges before alluded to, in a manner frightful to contemplate. The -Delawares, for example, have lost 10,000 by small-pox alone; and from a -large and numerous tribe, now reckon 824 souls only! The Senecas, Oneidas -and Tuskaroras, once forming part of that great compact known as the “Six -Nations,” are now a mere name. The Kaskaskias, the Peorias, and the -Piankeshaws, have fallen victims to the practice of drinking spirits, and -to the diseases this fearful habit engenders, so that all are now reduced -to a few individuals. Some tribes are totally extinguished;--as, for -example the hospitable and friendly Mandans, of whom even the traders -themselves report that no one of them was ever known to destroy a white -man. These afford a melancholy instance of the rapidity with which the -extermination before alluded to is effected. In the year 1834, when Mr -Catlin visited these warlike and spirited, yet kindly dwellers of the -woods, their number was 2000; three years after, they were infected by the -traders with small-pox; and this, with certain suicides committed by -individuals who could not survive the loss of all they loved, destroyed -the whole tribe, some forty excepted, who were afterwards cut off by their -enemies of a neighbouring tribe, so that at this moment not a Mandan -exists over the whole wide continent, where, before the baleful appearance -of the white man, his free ancestors ranged so happily. - -This is bad, but a still more melancholy element of decay is the habit of -drinking spirituous liquors, which is daily gaining ground among these -hapless Americans; this produces an amount of crime and suffering that, -even in our own country, could find no parallel; not only is the excitable -nature of the Red man stirred to actual madness by these atrocious -poisons; but because, unlike his brother of civilized countries, he -depends on his own unassisted physical powers for the most immediate and -pressing wants of life--no grazier or butcher, no miller or baker, has -_he_ to provide for a time against improvidence on his part; from no -accommodating “shop” can _his_ wife gain credit for the moment--his family -starves at once if his own resources are destroyed; and an eloquent writer -of the day has well remarked, that “it is dreadful to reflect on the -situation of a poor Indian hunter, when he finds, he knows not why, that -his limbs are daily failing him in the chase, that his arrow ceases to go -straight to the mark, and that his nerves tremble before the wild animals -it was but lately his pride to encounter.” We have been furnished by -intelligent eye-witnesses with fearful instances of wrong and outrage -committed by the unhappy Indians on each other while under the influence -of the poison which we Christians--ah, woe for the profanation!--have -bestowed on our Red brothers; but our limits do not permit their -insertion. - -We call the native American, “Indian,” in compliance with established -custom; but there is no propriety in the term as applied to these people, -who call themselves “Red men,” and nothing else. They are for the most -part of robust make and of fair average size, except the Esquimaux -inhabitants of the extreme north, who are dwarfish, and the Abipones, -natives of the southern extremity of this vast continent, who are of great -height; they have prominent features, high cheek-bones, and small deeply -set black eyes; their complexion is a cinnamon colour, varying in its -shades, and esteemed handsome among themselves in proportion as it is -dark, but with a clear, warm, coppery hue, which last they esteem an -evidence of the divine favour, for they believe that the Great Spirit -loved his Red children better than their white brethren, and so breathed a -more vivid life into their veins; a distinction of which the visible sign -is the glowing complexion we have alluded to. - -The meaner vices are held in especial contempt among the yet -uncontaminated Indians: slanderers, cowards, liars, _misers_, and -_debtors_ who refuse to pay when the means are in their power, are shunned -as persons in whose society no respectable man should be seen. On the -subject of debt, in particular, Indian notions differ widely from ours. -Should his debtor be unable to meet his engagements in consequence of -illness or want of success in the chase, he scrupulously conceals the -inconvenience this may occasion, and is careful never to name debt in the -defaulter’s presence. - -But, on the other hand, should the inability of the debtor proceed from -indolence or intemperance, or should he be indisposed to pay when his -means permit, he is then characterised as a “bad man”--his friends -gradually abandon him, he becomes an object of public contempt, and -nothing could after this induce his creditor to accept from him even his -just demand. He is no longer _permitted_ to pay; he has forfeited the -privilege of the upright man, and must remain in the contempt into which -he has sunk; but such instances, it will be readily supposed, are -extremely rare. - -Cowardice is not punished by loss of reputation alone in some tribes; as, -among the Kansas, if the coward be found incorrigible, he is destroyed. -Te-pa-gee was a young warrior of this tribe, who had been more than once -charged with this fatal defect. He returned on a certain occasion with his -brethren from an expedition that had been eminently successful, but in -which he had himself behaved disgracefully. The whole tribe, except those -who had lost relations, were engaged the next day in the usual rejoicings; -but Te-pa-gee, conscious that cold looks were upon him, had withdrawn from -the public ceremonials, and seated himself sullenly on the trunk of a tree -by the river side. Shortly after, the dances of the squaws and children -having led them into his neighbourhood, the great mass of the tribe were -again around him, when E-gron-ga-see, one of their wisest men and bravest -warriors, came forth from the festive group, and the sports being -suspended, he declared to the offender, in a voice audible to all, that -his cowardice had forfeited his life. Te-pa-gee instantly bared his -breast, and the avenger, drawing his knife from beneath his robe, plunged -it deep into the culprit’s bosom. Another warrior of equal authority then -addressed the people, expatiating on the necessity of punishing such -crimes as that committed by Te-pa-gee, who had meanwhile died before them -almost without a groan. This fact is related by an eye-witness, who does -not, however, tell us whether the unhappy man’s constancy in death did not -go far to convince his judges that his fault was rather a defect of nerve -than the absence of power to endure. - -It is the custom of Indians at war with each other to imitate the cries of -various animals of the chase, for the purpose of luring unwary hunters -into an ambush. Three young warriors of the Ottawas being thus decoyed -into a wood, two of them were shot and scalped; the third ran for his -life, without discharging his piece, setting up the yell of defeat as he -ran. The men of his tribe were alarmed, and went instantly in pursuit of -the enemy, whom they could not overtake; but on their return, they fell in -with a hunting party of the same tribe, whom they fell upon by surprise -and scalped. The usual rejoicings of the women and children took place on -their return; they were seated under the shade of broad trees to smoke -with the old men, and Shembagah, the one who had escaped by running, went -towards them with looks congratulating their success; but no one deigned -him a look, or a word of notice, and he had scarcely got among them before -all rose and left, the place. This punishment was too great for him to -bear; he left his people without saying a word or taking leave of any one, -and was never more heard of, while the relater of this anecdote remained -with the tribe. - -A girl of the Ottawas being taken prisoner by a party of the Kansas, was -adopted into the family of a Kansas chief, and soon afterwards betrothed -to his son, a youth named Moi-bee-she-ga, or the Sharp Knife. A few days -before the espousals were to be solemnised, it happened that a party of -the Mahaws came and fell upon the horses of the Kansas, which were grazing -in a neighbouring prairie, and which they succeeded in carrying off; they -were detected in the act by some Kansas women who were gathering wood, and -the warriors being apprised, set off in pursuit. The old chief, now laden -with many snows, was unable to accompany his warriors, whom Moi-bee-she-ga -ought to have headed, but this last chose to remain with his bride. This -so enraged his father, that he seized the arms which the recreant son -shrank from using, and destroyed them before his face, declaring that -Moi-bee-she-ga had become a squaw, and needed no arms. The Ottawa girl, -equally shocked by the dereliction of her lover, to whom she had been -warmly attached, refused to fulfil her engagement of marriage; and the -delinquent, abandoned on all hands, was driven in disgrace from his -people, and joined a party of the wandering Pawnees. - -The Indian is scrupulously exact in the performance of his engagements, -and this the traders know so well, that they feel no apprehension, when, -having delivered their goods to their Indian customer, they see him plunge -into his trackless wilderness with his purchase, and disappear amid wilds -into which no civilized foot could follow him. They know that his first -care will be to secure the game whose skin is to assist in the redemption -of his promise; and at the stipulated moment he is again seen to emerge -from the forest, unconscious even that what we should call an unusual -degree of confidence has been reposed in him, and guided only by his own -pure and simple conviction, that a promise once given is a sacred thing, -and to be redeemed at whatever cost. - -Lying and treachery are held in profound abhorrence; we could relate very -many facts in support of this assertion, but will confine ourselves to the -two following ones only:--A distinguished warrior of the Assinneboins -accompanied Major Sanford to Washington in 1832, and being there, became -acquainted with the more obvious details of every-day life among the -civilized; these he described to his people on his return, and was -listened to for some time with respectful attention; but at length the -wonders he related surpassing their powers of belief, they decided that he -had been taught by the white men to lie, and that in a manner so shameless -as to make him a dangerous example to his younger hearers; they then, -after much solemn deliberation, concluded that he was unworthy to live, -and the unhappy man was put to death accordingly; his protestations of -innocence being regarded but as a deeper plunging into crime. - -Every thing connected with the dead is held sacred, but the mode of burial -differs widely in different tribes. Some place the body dressed and armed -with bow, quiver, tomahawk, &c., on the ground between flat stones set -edge upwards, and cover it, first with similar stones, and afterwards with -earth; others bury at about two feet below the earth. Among the Mandans it -was customary (alas for the necessity of that “was”) to lay their dead, -well wrapped in skins, on high scaffolds, as practised by the Parsees of -Asia. After a sufficient lapse of time, the bones were gathered, and -buried with solemn ceremonies, the skulls excepted, which were ranged in a -circle within a larger one formed of buffalo skulls, and thither the women -belonging to the family of the deceased repair to soothe the departed with -songs, to inform him how those he left behind are faring, and to feed him -with their choicest dainties, dishes of which they leave behind at their -departure. - -Mourning for the dead is expressed by certain modes of paint, and among -some tribes by cutting off locks of the hair. The sketch that accompanies -this paper represents two warriors, and a woman of the Sacs and Foxes, -mourning over the tomb of Black Hawk, the celebrated leader of the war -known as the Black Hawk War. - -A party of Ottawas and the Kansas having been at war, had met “to bury the -tomahawk under the roots of the tree of friendship, and sit under its -shadow to smoke the pipe of peace, and to _hear the birds sing_.” Some -traders passed through their hunting-grounds, from whom they purchased -whisky, and, heated by this, an Ottawa quarrelled with a Kansa; but being -reminded by their friends of the lately promised peace, they desisted from -all hostility, and both, with the whole party, soon after fell asleep. The -Ottawa, awaking first, stabbed his sleeping adversary to the heart, and -fled into the forest. When the whole party aroused themselves, they -perceived by the arms of the murdered man that he had been taken at -advantage, and the brother of the offender, abhorrent of treachery, so -foreign to Indian habits, at once declared his intention of pursuing the -culprit. Nothing doubting his integrity, the aggrieved Kansas sat silently -awaiting his return, which took place two hours after; he had secured and -now delivered up the murderer, who was immediately put to death. - - - - -DANCING.--Dancing is an amusement which has been discouraged in our -country by many of the best people, and not without reason. Dancing is -associated in their minds with balls; and this is one of the worst forms -of social pleasure. The time consumed in preparation for a ball, the waste -of thought upon it, the extravagance of dress, the late hours, the -exhaustion of strength, the exposure of health, and the languor of the -succeeding day--these, and other evils connected with this amusement, are -strong reasons for banishing it from the community. But dancing ought not -therefore to be proscribed. On the contrary, balls should be discouraged -for this, among other reasons, that dancing, instead of being a rare -pleasure, requiring elaborate preparation, may become an every-day -amusement, and may mix with our common intercourse. This exercise is among -the most healthful. The body, as well as the mind, feels its gladdening -influence. No amusement seems more to have a foundation in our nature. The -animation of youth naturally overflows in harmonious movements. The true -idea of dancing entitles it to favour. Its end is to realise perfect grace -in motion; and who does not know that a sense of the graceful is one of -the higher faculties of our nature? It is to be desired that dancing -should become too common among us to be made the object of special -preparation, as in the ball; that members of the same family, when -confined by unfavourable weather, should recur to it for exercise and -exhilaration; that branches of the same family should enliven in this way -their occasional meetings; that it should fill up an hour in all the -assemblages for relaxation, in which the young form a part. It is to be -desired that this accomplishment should be extended to the labouring -classes of society, not only as an innocent pleasure, but as a means of -improving the manners. Why shall not gracefulness be spread through the -whole community? From the French nation we learn that a degree of grace -and refinement of manners may pervade all classes. The philanthropist and -Christian must desire to break down the partition walls between human -beings in different conditions: and one means of doing this is to remove -the conscious awkwardness which confinement to laborious occupations is -apt to induce. An accomplishment, giving free and graceful movement, -though a far weaker bond than intellectual or moral culture, still does -something to bring those who partake it near each other.--_Dr Channing’s -Address on Temperance._ - - - - -SEAL OF WILLIAM, BISHOP OF KILDARE. - - -[Illustration] - -The prefixed woodcut represents an impression from the seal of one of the -bishops of Kildare anterior to the Reformation, the matrix of which is in -the possession of a gentleman in Dublin. - -The device exhibits three statues standing in canopied niches, of the -florid Gothic or pointed style of architecture of the fifteenth century. -The centre figure represents the Virgin and child, and the figures on each -side appear intended to represent the patron saints of Ireland. Patrick -and Brigid. Below the centre figure there is a smaller niche, containing a -figure of another ecclesiastic, with his hands raised, in the attitude of -prayer, and his arm supporting the pastoral staff. This figure, it is -probable, is intended to represent St Conlæth, the first bishop of -Kildare, who was cotemporary with St Brigid, and said to have been the -joint founder of that see. On each side of this figure is a shield, one of -which bears the arms of France and England quarterly; the other, two keys -in saltire, in chief a royal crown; a device which, it is worthy of -remark, constitutes the arms anciently and still borne by the archbishops -of York, and the appearance of which in this seal may therefore not be -easy to account for. The inscription reads as follows:-- - - “_Sigillum Willim dei gracia Kyldarens epi_,” - -or, _Sigillum Willelmi dei gratia Kyldarensis Episcopus_ (the seal of -William, by the grace of God, Bishop of Kildare). - -As among the bishops of Kildare two of the name of William occur in the -fifteenth century, it may not be easy to determine with certainty to which -of them this seal should be assigned; but there appears the greatest -reason to ascribe it to the first, who, according to Ware, having been -previously archdeacon of Kildare, was appointed to this see by the -provision of Pope Eugene IV, in 1432, and, having governed this see -fourteen years, died in April 1446. - - P. - - - - -THE DESOLATION OF SCIO. - -(1822.) - - - A deep, a broken note of woe - Rose from the Archipelago. - The seaman, passing Scio by, - Stood out from shore: the wailful cry - That reached him on the waters blue - Was more than man could listen to; - And when no more the death-cry came, - The rising smoke, the sun-dimmed flame, - The flashings of the scymitar, - Told Scio’s slaughter from afar! - - What demon governed your debates, - Ye mighty Christian potentates, - That Greece, the land of light and song, - Should feel the Paynim scourge so long? - That Greece, for all the lore she gave, - Should cry in vain, “Save, Europe, save!” - - How could you let the gasping child - Besmear with gore the mother wild? - How could ye let that wild one be - The sport of wanton cruelty? - Or Beauty, from Dishonour’s bed, - Swell reeking piles of kindred dead, - Where mingled, in the corse-fed fires, - The cindered bones of sons and sires! - - But all is o’er--the storm hath passed, - Nor oak, nor osier ’scaped the blast, - Nor flow’ret of the loveliest dye-- - All, all in one black ruin lie! - In one short day a People fall-- - Their mansions make their funeral pall-- - Their winding-sheets are sheets of flame-- - Their epitaphs, “Shame, Europe, shame!” - - Inhuman deed! Oh, murdered race! - To Turk, to Holy League disgrace! - Blush, Christian princes!--heartless men - Who rule the councils, ne’er again - Look on the Cross!--you have its ban-- - You crowned it with the Alcoran! - - T. - - - - -PATRIOTISM.--Patriotism, or love of country, is a sentiment which pervades -almost every human breast, and induces each individual to prefer the land -of his birth, not because it is better than another country, but merely -because it is his country. This sentiment may be illustrated by a variety -of anecdotes. Many of the Swiss, on account of the poverty of their -country, are induced to seek military service in foreign lands. Yet, in -their voluntary exile, so strong is their affection for their native -hills, that whole regiments have been said to be on the point of -desertion, in consequence of the vivid recollections excited by one of -their national songs. A French writer informs us that a native of one of -the Asiatic isles, amid the splendours of Paris, beholding a banana-tree -in the Garden of Plants, bathed it with tears, and seemed for a moment to -be transported to his own land. The Ethiopian imagines that God made his -sands and deserts, while angels only were employed in forming the rest of -the world. The Maltese, insulated on a rock, distinguished their island by -the appellation of “The Flower of the World.” The Javanese have such an -affection for the place of their nativity, that no advantages can induce -them, particularly the agricultural tribes, to quit the tombs of their -fathers. The Norwegians, proud of their barren summits, inscribe upon -their rix-dollars, “Spirit, loyalty, valour, and whatever is honourable, -let the world learn among the rocks of Norway.” The Esquimaux are no less -attached to their frigid zone, esteeming the luxuries of blubber-oil for -food, and an ice cabin for a habitation, above all the refinements of -other countries.--_Fireside Education, by S. G. Goodrich._ - - * * * * * - -If a man be gracious and civil to a stranger, it shows he is a citizen of -the world, and that his heart is no island cut off from other lands, but a -continent that joins them. - - - - -THE SOD PARTY. - - -PART II. - -In those days the favourite resort for parties of pleasure was the rocky -shore of Howth, facing Killiney, and our party had selected a spot which -was well known to two or three of them. It was a little hollow in the -rocks, where the mould had collected, and was covered with a smooth close -sod. Its form resembled a horse shoe, the open being to the sea; and the -rock descended at that side perpendicularly six or seven feet to the -water. There was just room enough for the party to seat themselves -comfortably, so that every one could enjoy the seaward view. It was a -considerable distance from the place where the vehicles should stop; -indeed, the hill intervened and should be crossed, so that it was no -trifling matter to carry a large basket or hamper to it. - -O’Gorman resolved not to encumber himself with any thing that might divide -his attention with his charming partner; and, accordingly, when they had -pulled up, calling to the driver of the jarvey, “Here, Murphy,” said he, -“you’ll take charge of the basket that’s slung under the gig, and follow -the rest when they’re ready.” - -“Oh, to be sure, sir, sartinly,” was the reply, and away went Bob to show -the scenery to Miss Kate, from various points quite unknown to her before, -leaving the remainder of the party to settle matters as they pleased. - -Murphy’s assistance was required by the servants who were unlading the -carriages first; and each gentleman, taking a basket or bundle, and even -the ladies charging themselves with some light articles, they set forward, -leaving two or three heavy hampers to the servants’ charge. - -All having at length departed, except Mr O’Donnell’s servant, who had been -left in charge of the vehicles, and Murphy, who was to take the gig -basket, the latter proceeded to unstrap it. As he shook it in opening the -buckles, some broken glass fell upon the road. - -“Oh! miallia murther! what’s this? My sowl to glory, if half the bottom -isn’t out ov the bashket. Och hone, oh! Masther Bob, bud you are the raal -clip. By gannies, he’s dhruv till he’s dhruv the knives and forks clane -through; the dickens a one there’s left; an’ as for the glasses, be my -sowl he’d be a handy fellow that ud put one together. Oh! marcy sa’ me! -here’s a purty mess. Musha! what’s best to be done, at all at all?” - -“Take it to them any how,” answered his companion, “and show it to them.” - -“Arrah, what’s the use of hawkin’ it over the mountain? Can’t I jist go -an’ tell what’s happened?” - -“Take care you wouldn’t have to come back for it,” said the other, “an’ -have two journies instead of one. Maybe they wouldn’t b’lieve you, -thinkin’ it was only a thrick that that limb o’ th’ ould boy put you up -to.” - -The prospect of a second journey, on such a hot day, not being -particularly agreeable, Murphy took up the shattered basket and proceeded. - -Having yet two hours to spare, the party resolved to consume them by -sauntering about until the hour appointed for dinner, which being come, -and all having assembled at one point, near the Bailey, they proceeded -together to the chosen spot, where they found Murphy awaiting them with a -most rueful countenance. He had been vainly trying to invent some -plausible excuse for his patron, as he dreaded that all the blame would be -thrown upon Bob’s hard driving at setting out. - -“The bottom’s fell out o’ the blaggard rotten ould bashket, ma’am, an’ the -knives an’ forks has fell an the road.” - -“Oh, well,” said Mr Sharpe (who did not seem to be either so astonished or -angry as one might have expected), “give them a rub in a napkin; a little -dust won’t do them any harm.” - -“Why, thin, the sorra a one o’ them there is to rub,” said Murphy, -“barrin’ this one crukked ould fork.” - -Despite his loss, Mr Sharpe could not refrain from laughing when Murphy -held up an article, which had certainly been packed for a joke, it was so -distorted, one prong being tolerably straight, but the other sticking out -as if it was going to march. However, collecting himself, he asked -sternly, “Do you mean to tell me that all the knives and forks were lost -upon the road?” “Jist so, sir,” was the reply. - -“The glass; is it safe?” - -“Bruck, sir--all in smithereens; sorra as much ov id together as ud show -what the patthern was.” - -“And the spoons,” roared Mr Sharpe, as if the thought had only just struck -him. - -“Spoons! sir. Oh, be my sowl you’d betther look for thim yourself; here’s -the bashket.” - -“This is a costly party to me,” said Mr Sharpe, “but it can’t be helped -now; so don’t let my loss cause any diminution of your pleasure or -enjoyment.” - -Every one looked with perfect admiration at Mr Sharpe, surprised at his -magnanimity, and Mrs Harvey thought that she must have altogether mistaken -his character hitherto; but she would not have thought so, had she known -that he had purposely procured a rotten basket, with the bottom partially -broken, in which he had packed a quantity of broken glass, and in which he -(of course) had _not_ packed either spoons, knives, or forks, except the -very one which Murphy had held up; and it was to prevent examination or -inquiry that he had been so voluble upon his arrival in the morning. But -had his loss been, as the company supposed, real instead of fictitious, he -must have been gratified, nay delighted, at the dismay which gradually -spread itself over almost every countenance, at the prospect of having to -eat a dinner without knives, forks, or spoons, and to drink without -glasses, or even cups. - -“Gentlemen,” said Mr Harvey, “have you got penknives with you? I have -forgotten mine.” - -So had every one else except Mr Sharpe. He would willingly have kept it -secret, but he knew that if he should attempt to use it himself, it would -be seen; so he made a virtue of necessity, and lent it to Mr Harvey for -the purpose of carving the roast beef! - -The dinner was now nearly arranged, and the last basket, in which -Mulholland had packed the roast beef, was opened. The remnant of an old -college gown was first dragged forth, and Mr O’Brien’s servant, to whom -the task was assigned, looked in, tittered, looked again, and then drew -forth two long large ribs, with a piece of meat about the size of a -cricket ball attached to the ends of them. Having laid them on the dish, -he dipped again, and produced, with another titter, a shapeless lump of -meat without any bone--(he would be a clever anatomist that could tell -what part of the beast it had been). Another dip, and with a roar of -laughter he raised and deposited on the dish four ribs, from which nearly -every morsel of meat had been cut. - -“What is the meaning of this, Mr O’Gorman?” said Mrs Harvey, who was quite -disconcerted at the turn things had taken, and was now seriously disposed -to be angry. - -“My dear madam,” said he, “it may look a little unsightly, but it is all -prime meat, depend upon it. It was dressed yesterday for the College -dining-hall.” - -“You don’t mean, surely, to call bare bones _meat_, sir?” - -“My dear madam,” said Bob, “you will find that there is as much meat -without bone as will compensate. Mulholland is a very honest fellow in -that respect.” - -Some laughed, some were annoyed, some were disgusted; but by degrees -hunger asserted its rights, and reconciled them a little, especially when -O’Gorman pointed out how much easier it would be to carve the small pieces -with a _penknife_, than if they had but one large one. - -“Well,” said Mrs Harvey, “I have long indulged the hope of having a -_pic-nic_ party so perfectly arranged that nothing should go astray; and -so far have I been from succeeding, that I really do think there never was -a more unfortunate, irregular affair. I really do not know what to say, -and I feel quite incompetent to preside. Mr O’Gorman, as you have the -happy knack of making the best of every thing, I believe you are the -person best qualified in this company to make the most of the matter, and -we must rely on your ingenuity.” - -“Thank you, ma’am. That is as much as to say, ‘Bob, as you have treated us -to broken meat, and lost the knives and forks, you will please to carve!’ -Well, nabocklish, this isn’t a round table, like Prince Arthur’s, for it’s -little more than half round, and we have old Howth at the head, and old -Neptune at the foot of it; but, for the rest, we don’t stand upon -precedence, and therefore I need not change my place, to preside. Mr -Harvey, I’ll trouble you for the penknife--I beg pardon--the carver--hem! -and that specimen of antediluvian cutlery, the ‘_crukked ould fork_.’ -Thank you--shove over the beef now. Ods marrow-bones and cleavers! what a -heap! Gentlemen, you had better turn up your cuffs as a needful -preliminary; and, perchance, an ablution may also be necessary--you can -get down to the water here, at this side.” - -As soon as the party had re-assembled, after having washed their hands, he -again addressed them. - -“Mr Sharpe, and Mr Harvey, will you please to drag that, turkey asunder? -Mr O’Brien, will you tear a wing off that fowl for Miss O’Donnell? Fitz, -gnaw the cord off one of those ale bottles; draw the cork with your teeth, -and send the bottle round. The corkscrew was with the knives.” - -“Draw my teeth with the cork, you mean; I had rather knock off the neck, -thank you,” said Fitz, about to suit the action to the word. - -“No, no,” cried Bob, “do you forget that we must drink out of the bottles? -Do you want the ladies to cut their pretty lips with the broken glass, you -Mohawk! Though, faith,” said he, in an under-tone, to his fair companion, -“I could almost wish such an accident to happen to some one that I know, -that I might have an opportunity of exhibiting my courageous devotion, by -sucking the wound.” - -“A prize! a prize!” cried he, jumping up and running a little distance. He -returned with five or six large Malahide oyster shells, that had been -bleaching on the cliff, where they had been thrown by some former party. -Two of them were top shells. “Here,” said he, throwing one to Sweeny, “is -a carver for that ham; make haste and put an edge on it, on the rock. -Ladies, here are primitive drinking goblets for you. Miss O’Brien, the -pleasure of a _shell_ of wine with you.” - -“I have put a very good edge on the shell,” said Sweeny, “but I can’t cut -the ham with it, it slides about so.” - -“Psha! take a grip of it by the shank, can’t you? What are you afraid of, -you omedhaun? Hold it fast, and don’t let it slide. Costello, break up -that loaf and send it round. Mr O’Donnell, will you have the goodness to -hold one of these ribs for me. Oh, faith, finger and thumb work won’t do; -you must take it in your fist, and hold it tight; now pull--bravo! Beau -Brummell would be just in his element here. Be my sowl, as Paddy Murphy -says, I think if he saw us, he’d jump into that element there to get -away.” - -Mr Sharpe was now in his glory; he had, with Mr Harvey’s assistance, torn -up the turkey; and seeing that Bob had decidedly the worst job at the -table, he asked him for beef. Mr Harvey joined in the joke, and put in -also; but their man was too able for them. - -“As you are in partnership in the turkey business, in which you have been -so successful,” said he, “you had better continue so, in the general -provision line,” handing them a piece sufficient to satisfy two, and -prevent them from calling again. - -“Bill” (to one of the college men), “here’s a shell for you to cut the -crust of that pie, and help it. Jem” (to another), “Miss Kate O’Brien -wishes for some of that chicken that you are trying to dislocate, as -gently as if you were afraid of hurting it, or greasing your fingers.” -“What part?” said Jem. - -“A little of the soul, if you please,” said Kate, with a maliciously -demure face. - -“Here it is for you. Miss Kate, soul and body;” and he handed it to her. - - “The mirth and fun (now) grew fast and furious.” - -No water fit for drinking could be procured, and the consequence was, that -the ale, porter, and wine, were swallowed too abundantly by the gentlemen. -Songs were called for, and O’Gorman was in the midst of the “Groves of -Blarney,” when Costello shouted out, “A porpoise! a porpoise!” - -Up jumped the whole party, and up also jumped the table-cloth, which Mr -O’Donnell and Mr Sharpe had fastened to their coats or waistcoats. - -They sat directly facing the opening to the water, with Mrs Harvey between -them; so that when, by their sudden start up, they raised the cloth, it -formed an inclined plane, down which dishes, plates, bottles, pies, bread, -and meat, glided, not majestically, but too rapidly, into the sea. Then, -oh! what a clamour! - -Above the jingling of broken bottles and plates, the crash of dishes, and -the exclamations of the gentlemen, arose the never-failing shriek of the -ladies. And then came a pause, whilst they silently watched the last dish -as it gracefully receded from their view. - -“Oh! faith,” said Mrs Harvey (surprised by her emotion into using a gentle -oath), “I think it is time to go home _now_.” - -“Faith,” said O’Gorman, “it is time to leave the dinner-table at all -events, since the things have been removed; but as to going home, we have -so little to carry, or look after, besides ourselves and--hic--the ladies, -that I think, with all respect to Mrs Harvey, we may--hic--take it easy. I -wish I could get a drink of water to cure this hic--hiccough; for I am -certain, Miss O’Brien, I need not assure you--indeed I can appeal to you -to bear witness--hic--that it was the _want_, not the quantity of liquid, -that has brought it on.” - -The “want,” however, had made Bob’s eyes particularly and unusually -luminous; nor did Kate take his proposition “to launch all the hampers and -baskets, after their recent contents, into the sea,” to be any additional -proof of his self-possession; and when, with a caper and whoop, he sent -Mulholland’s basket to the fishes, her suspicions that he was slightly -elevated became considerably strengthened. - -“Mrs Harvey,” said Mr Sharpe, “you think your party unfortunate. I have -been upon a great many parties of this kind, and I assure you I have seen -far more unpleasant affairs--(Gentlemen, here are a few bottles of wine -that have escaped the watery fate of their unhappy companions). Now, the -very last party that I was on last season, three or four of the gentlemen -quarrelled (pass the wine if you please), and one of them, in the -scrimmage, was knocked over the rocks into the sea.” - -“Mercy on us, Mr Sharpe! was he drowned?” - -“Why, no, but his collar-bone was broken, and his shoulder dislocated. But -a worse accident happened in coming home.” - -“What was it?” - -“Poor Singleton had come, with his wife and two nieces, in a job carriage; -the driver got drunk, and overturned the whole concern, just where the -road branches off down to the strand; they rolled over the cliff, and fell -about twenty feet; the horses were both killed, and the whole party -dreadfully injured, barely escaping with life. Then, the quarrel after -dinner (by which Jones got his collar-bone broken) led to a duel on the -following morning, in which one of the parties, Edwards, fell; and his -antagonist, young O’Neill, got a bullet in his knee, which has lamed and -disfigured him for life. Pass the wine, gentlemen.” - -“No! no! no!” screamed Mrs Harvey, on whom the above delectable recital -had had the desired effect, and who was worked into a desperate state of -terror, “no more wine, gentlemen, if you please. Come, ladies, we must -return at once, before evening closes in.” - -Each lady being perfectly satisfied that the gentleman who had fallen to -her lot would keep sober, whatever _others_ might do, demurred to the -early retreat; but Mrs Harvey was too much frightened at the prospect of -returning with gentlemen and drivers drunk, not to be determined; and, -accordingly, with much growling, and the most general dissatisfaction, the -party broke up. - -“I am done with _pic-nics_--I’ll never have any thing to say to one -again,” said the disappointed directress. “There never was any affair more -perfectly arranged, never was so much care taken to have things regular. I -never proposed to myself such enjoyment as I expected this day.” - -“My dear Mrs Harvey,” said O’Gorman, to whose countenance the last four or -five shells of wine had imparted an air of the most profound wisdom, “my -dear Mrs Harvey, ‘the whole art of happiness is _contentment_.’ This is -the great secret of enjoyment in this life--this is the talisman that -clothes poverty in imperial robes, and imparts to the hovel a grandeur -unknown to the halls of princes--this is the true philosopher’s stone, for -which alchymists so long have sought in vain, that converts all it touches -into gold--this is the cosmetic that beautifies the ill-favoured wife, and -the magic wand that bestows upon the frugal board the appearance of -surpassing plenty--this is the shield of adamantine proof, on which -disappointment vainly showers its keenest darts--this is the impregnable -fortress, ensconced in which, we may boldly bid defiance to the combined -forces of sublunary ills--and whether it be announced from the pulpit or -the cliff, by the dignified divine or the college scamp; be it soothingly -whispered in the ear of the deposed and exiled monarch, or tendered as -comfort to the discomfited authoress of a _pic-nic_, it still retains, in -undiminished force, its universality of application”---- - -Here Mr Sweeny facetiously gave him a slap on the crown of the hat, which -drove it down, and stuck it gracefully over his eye, thereby breaking the -thread of his discourse. He then addressed the fair Catherine; but all his -eloquence and profundity were unavailing to induce her to return with him -in the gig. She would listen to nothing but the carriage, and as room -could not be made for him inside, he mounted the box, leaving the gig to -any one that pleased to have it. Nor was it long untenanted. Frank -Costello and Bill Nowlan mounted together, and were found in it next -morning fast asleep, in the stable-lane behind Mr Sharpe’s house, the -horse having found his way home when left to his own guidance. - -The remainder of the party arrived as safely, but somewhat more regularly, -in the evening of their eventful day, and all dissatisfied except Mr -O’Gorman, and - - NAISI. - - - - -STREET TACTICS. - - -You, most respectable reader, who owe no man any thing that you are not -able and willing to pay, may know nothing of the tactics alluded to in the -title of this paper. But there is, you may depend upon it, a pretty -numerous class of the community to whom these tactics are quite familiar, -and who practise them to a greater or lesser extent every day of their -lives. - -Street tactics, let us define the term, is the art or science of avoiding -all persons on the streets, and all places in the streets--shops, for -instance--whom and which, for particular reasons of your own, you are -desirous of eschewing. - -The art is thus one of deep concernment to the whole of that numerous and -respectable body known by the generic name of “gentlemen in difficulties.” -This term, however, is one of very extensive signification, and includes -various descriptions of gentlemen as well as difficulties; but on the -present occasion we mean to confine ourselves to one particular class--the -gentlemen whose difficulties arise from their having more creditors than -crowns--the gentlemen who have contrived to surround themselves with a -large constituency of the former, and who cannot by any means contrive to -get hold of an adequate supply of the latter--the gentlemen who are -sufficiently respectable to get into debt, but not sufficiently wealthy to -get out of it. - -The reader can have no idea how difficult a matter it is for a gentleman -of this description to work his way through the streets, so as to avoid -all unpleasant encounters; how serious a matter it is for him to move from -one point of the city to another. To him the streets are, in fact, as -difficult and dangerous to traverse as if they were strewed with heated -plough-shares, or lined with concealed pitfalls. He cannot move a hundred -yards, unless he moves warily, without encountering somebody to whom he -owes something, or passing some shop where his name is not in the most -savoury odour. - -It is, then, the manœuvring necessary to avoid those disagreeables that -constitutes street tactics, and confers on the gentleman who practises -them the character of what we would call a street tactician. - -This person, as already hinted, when he moves at all, must move -cautiously, and must consider well, before he starts, which is his safest -course; which the course in which he is least likely to encounter an enemy -in the shape of a creditor, and which will subject him to running the -gauntlet of the fewest number of obnoxious shops. The amount of manœuvring -required to accomplish this is amazing, and the ingenuity exhibited in it -frequently very remarkable. - -When on the move, the street tactician is obliged to be constantly on the -alert, to have all his eyes about him, lest an enemy should come upon him -unawares. This incessant vigilance keeps him always wide awake, always on -the look-out, and makes him as sharp as a needle. Even while speaking to -you, his keen and restless eye is roving up and down the street to see -that no danger is approaching. - -Like the training of the Indian, this incessant vigilance improves his -physical faculties wonderfully, especially his vision, which it renders -singularly acute. He can detect a creditor at a distance at which the -nearest friend, the most intimate acquaintance of that person, could not -recognise him: he can see him approaching in a crowded street, where no -other eye but his own could possibly single him out. - -Gifted with this remarkable power of vision, it is rare that the street -tactician is taken by surprise, as it affords him time to plan and effect -his escape, at both of which he is amazingly prompt and dexterous. - -As the great object with the street tactician in moving from one point of -the city to another is not the shortest but the safest course, he is -necessarily subjected to a vast deal of traverse sailing, and thereby to -enormous increases of distance, being frequently obliged to make the -circuit of half the town to get at the next street. His way is thus most -particularly devious, and to one who should watch his motions without -knowing the principles on which he moves, would appear altogether -incomprehensible. Here he crosses a street with a sudden dart, there he -turns a corner with a slow and stealthy step; now he walks deliberately, -now as if it were for a wager. Again he walks slowly; then comes a sudden -brush: it is to clear some dangerous spot in which an enemy is lurking in -ambuscade--the shop door of a creditor. Now he _cuts_ down an alley; now -hesitates before he emerges at the opposite end; now darts out of it as if -he had been fired from it, like a shell from a mortar. And thus, and thus, -and thus he finally completes his circuitous and perilous journey. It is -fatiguing and laborious work, but it must be done if he would avoid being -worried to death. - -Besides that ever watchfulness, that sleepless vigilance that -distinguishes the street tactician, there is about him a degree of -presence of mind not less worthy of special notice. It is by this ready -fortitude and coolness of temper that he is enabled, even when in what may -be called the immediate presence of an enemy, to devise and execute with -promptness and decision the most ingenious expedients for avoiding -personal contact--that enables him, when within twenty yards of the foe -(when so near that a less experienced hand, one of less steady nerve, -would inevitably fall into the clutches of his dun, and who would at once -be given up for lost by any on-looker) to effect a retreat, and thus avoid -the crave personal--in so cool and masterly a way, that the enemy himself -shall not know that he has been _shirked_, but shall be deceived into a -belief that he has not been seen, and that the pretext, or pretexts, under -cover of which the street tactician has evaded him, has or have been true -and natural. This is a difficult point to manage; but old hands ran do it -admirably, and, when well done, is a very beautiful manœuvre. - -The skilful street tactician never exhibits any flurry or agitation, -however imminent his danger may be: it is only green-horns that do this. -Neither does he hurry or run away from an enemy when he sees him. This -would at once betray malice prepense, and excite the utmost wrath of the -latter, who, the moment he got home, would put his claim into the hands of -his lawyer; a proceeding which he must by no means be provoked into -adopting. - -The skilful street tactician takes care of this, then, and studies to -effect his retreats in such a way as to excite no suspicion of design. He -does, indeed, take some very sudden and abrupt turns down streets and up -lanes when he sees an enemy approaching; but he does it with so -unconscious a look, and with such a _bona fide_ air, that neither you nor -his creditor would for a moment suspect any thing else than that he was -just going that way at any rate. This operation requires great command -both of muscle and manner, and can be successfully performed only by a -very superior practitioner. - -To the street tactician, carts, carriages, and other large moving objects, -are exceedingly useful auxiliaries as covers from the enemy, and the -dexterity and tact with which he avails himself of their aid in effecting -a “go-by,” is amazing. By keeping the cart, carriage, or other body in a -direct line between him and the foe, he effects many wonderful, many -hair-breadth escapes. The chaise or cart is in this way, and for this -purpose, a very good thing, but the waggon of hay, slow in its motion, and -huge in its bulk, makes the best of all protecting covers. - -With a waggon of hay moving along with him, and a very little manœuvring -on his own part, the expert tactician could traverse the whole city -without the risk of a single encounter. But his having such an -accompaniment for any length of time, is of course out of the question. He -must just be content to avail himself of it when chance throws it in his -way, and be thankful for its protection throughout the length of a street. - -We have heard experienced street tacticians, men on whose skill and -judgment we would be disposed to place every reliance, say, that it is a -very absurd practice to run across a street to avoid a shop, and to pass -along on the opposite side. Such a proceeding, they say--and there is -reason and common sense, as well as scientific knowledge, in the -remark--only exposes you more to the enemy, by passing you through a -larger space of his field of vision--by giving him, in short, a longer, a -fuller, and a fairer view of you. Far better, they say, to walk close by -his window at a smart pace, when the chances are greatly in favour of your -passing unobserved. - -This way of giving a shop the “go-by” requires, indeed, more courage, more -resolution than the other, being, certainly, rather a daring exploit; but -we are satisfied, that, like boldness of movement in the battle-field, it -is, after all, the least dangerous. - - C. - - - - -DEATH OF CATHAL, THE RED-HANDED O’CONOR. - -(As recorded in the Annals of the Four Masters, translated by Mr -O’DONOVAN.) - - -A.D. 1224.--In the spring of this year, a heavy and an awful shower of -strange rain fell on a part of Connaught, viz. Hy-Maine in Hy-Diarmada, -and other places, which produced virulent infections and diseases amongst -the cattle of these territories, as soon as they had eaten of the grass -upon which the shower had fallen. The milk of these cattle, also, when -partaken of by the inhabitants, caused various inward diseases among them. -It was but natural that these ominous signs should appear this year in -Connaught, for they were the foreboding heralds of a very great loss and -calamity, which fell this year upon the Connacians, namely, the death of -Cathal the Red-handed, son of Torlogh More O’Conor, and King of Connaught, -who had been the chief scourge of the traitors and enemies of Ireland; who -had contributed more than any other man to relieve the wants of the -clergy, the poor, and the indigent, and into whose heart God had infused -more goodness and greater virtues than adorned any other cotemporary Irish -prince; for, from the time of his wife’s death to the time of his own -death, he had led a chaste and virtuous life. It was in his time, also, -that tithes were first lawfully paid in Ireland. This honourable and -upright king, this discreet, pious, just-judging warrior, died on the -twenty-eighth day of summer, on Monday precisely, in the habit of a Grey -Friar, in the monastery of Knockmoy; which monastery, together with its -site and lands, he himself had previously granted to God and the monks; -and was interred in that monastery with honour and respect. - - - - -EELS. - - -Their snake-like aspect and other reptile attributes (observes Professor -Wilson, in a work recently published, entitled “The Rod and the Gun”), no -doubt tend to form and perpetuate the prejudice which many otherwise -humane-minded men cherish towards these insidious fishes. They move on -land with great facility, and with a motion resembling that of serpents. -They have even been seen to leave fresh-water lakes during the night in -considerable numbers, apparently for the purpose of preying on slugs and -snails among the dewy herbage. They abound in many continental rivers, and -are caught in immense numbers in those which empty themselves into the -Baltic, where they form a considerable article of trade. It is stated that -2000 have been caught at a sweep in Jutland, and 60,000 have been taken in -the Garonne by one net in a single day. The habits of these fishes in -relation to breeding, migration, &c., are still but obscurely known. “That -eels migrate towards brackish water,” observes Mr Jesse, in his Gleanings -in Natural History, “in order to deposit their ova, I have but little -doubt, for the following reasons: From the month of November until the end -of January, provided the frost is not very serious, eels migrate towards -the sea. The Thames fishermen are so aware of this fact, that they -invariably set their pots or baskets with their mouths up stream during -those months, while later in spring and summer they are set down stream. -The best time, however, for taking eels, is during their passage towards -the sea. The eel-traps, also, which are set in three different streams near -Hampton Court (the contents of which at different times I have had -opportunities of examining), have invariably been supplied with eels -sufficiently large to be breeders, during the months I have mentioned. -This migratory disposition is not shown by small eels; and it may -therefore be assumed that they remain nearly stationary till they are old -enough to have spawn. I have also ascertained that eels are taken in -greater or lesser numbers during the months of November or December, all -the way down the river to the brackish water. From thence the young eels -migrate, as soon as they are sufficiently large and strong to encounter -the several currents of the river, and make their way to the different -contributary streams. I have also been able to trace the procession of -young eels, or, as it is here called, the _eel-fair_, from the -neighbourhood of Blackfriars’ Bridge, as far up the river as Chertsey, -although they probably make their way as far, or farther than Oxford. So -strong, indeed, is their migratory disposition, that it is well known few -things will prevent their progress, as even at the locks at Teddington and -Hampton the young eels have been seen to ascend the large posts of the -flood-gates, in order to make their way, when the gates have been shut -longer than usual. Those which die stick to the posts; others, which get -a little higher, meet with the same fate, until at last a sufficient layer -of them is formed to enable the rest to overcome the difficulty of the -passage. A curious instance of the means which young eels will have -recourse to, in order to perform their migrations, is annually proved in -the neighbourhood of Bristol. Near that city there is a large pond, -immediately adjoining which is a stream; on the bank between these two -waters a large tree grows, the branches of which hang into the pond. By -means of these branches the young eels ascend into the tree, and from -thence let themselves drop into the stream below, thus migrating to far -distant waters, where they increase in size and become useful and -beneficial to man. A friend of mine, who was a casual witness of this -circumstance, informed me that the tree appeared to be quite alive with -these little animals. The rapid and unsteady motion of the boughs did not -appear to impede their progress.” - - - - -ANECDOTE OF SHERIDAN. - - -SHERIDAN and KELLY were one day in earnest conversation close to the gate -of the path which was then open to the public, leading across the -churchyard of St Paul’s, Covent Garden, from King street to Henrietta -street, when Mr Holloway, who was a creditor of Sheridan’s to a -considerable amount, came up to them on horseback, and accosted Sheridan -in a tone of something more like anger than sorrow, and complained that he -never could get admittance when he called, vowing vengeance against the -infernal Swiss, Monsieur François, if he did not let him in the next time -he went to Hertford street. - -Holloway was really in a passion. Sheridan knew that he was vain of his -judgment in horse-flesh, and without taking any notice of the violence of -his manner, burst into an exclamation upon the beauty of the horse which -he rode--he struck the right chord. - -“Why,” said Holloway, “I think I may say there never was a prettier -creature than this. You were speaking to me, when I last saw you, about a -horse for Mrs Sheridan; now, this would be a treasure for a lady.” - -“Does he canter well?” said Sheridan. - -“Beautifully,” replied Holloway. - -“If that’s the case, Holloway,” said Sheridan, “I really should not mind -stretching a point for him. Will you have the kindness to let me see his -paces?” - -“To be sure,” said the lawyer; and putting himself into a graceful -attitude, he threw his nag into a canter along the market. - -The moment his back was turned, Sheridan wished Kelly good morning, and -went off through the churchyard, where no horse could follow, into Bedford -street, laughing immoderately, as indeed did several of the standers-by. -The only person not entertained by this practical joke was Mr -Holloway.--_Reminiscences of Michael Kelly._ - - * * * * * - -MAID-SERVANTS AND THEIR “FRIENDS.”--Every master and mistress in the -United Kingdom knows what a maid-servant’s friend is. Sometimes he is a -brother, sometimes a cousin (often a cousin), and sometimes a father, who -really wears well, and carries his age amazingly! He comes down the -area--in at the window--or through a door left ajar. Sometimes a -maid-servant, like a hare, “has many friends.” The master of the house, -after washing his hands in the back kitchen, feels behind the door for a -jack-towel, and lays hold of a “friend’s” _nose_. “Friends” are shy: -sometimes a footman breaks a friend’s shins while plunging into the -coal-cellar for a shovel of nubblys. We speak feelingly, our own abode -having been once turned into a friends’ meeting-house--a fact we became -aware of through a smoky chimney; but a chimney _will_ smoke when _there -is a journeyman baker_ up it.--_Kidd’s Journal._ - - * * * * * - -Wisdom cannot be obtained without industry and labour. Can we hope to find -gold upon the surface of the earth, when we dig almost to the centre of it -to find lead and tin, and the baser metals! - - Printed and Published every Saturday by GUNN and CAMERON, at the - Office of the General Advertiser, No 6. Church Lane, College Green, - Dublin.--Agents:--London: R. GROOMBRIDGE, Panyer Alley, Paternoster - Row. Manchester: SIMMS and DINHAM, Exchange Street. Liverpool: J. - DAVIES, North John Street. Birmingham: J. DRAKE. Bristol: M. - BINGHAM, Broad Street. Edinburgh: FRASER and CRAWFORD, George - Street. Glasgow: DAVID ROBERTSON, Trongate. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Irish Penny Journal, Vol. 1 No. 6, -August 8, 1840, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IRISH PENNY JOURNAL, AUG 8, 1840 *** - -***** This file should be named 53981-0.txt or 53981-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/3/9/8/53981/ - -Produced by Brownfox and the Online Distributed Proofreading -Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from -images generously made available by JSTOR www.jstor.org) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you - are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - - - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - |