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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..66c81c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #50692 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/50692) diff --git a/old/50692-0.txt b/old/50692-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 67c5aa4..0000000 --- a/old/50692-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,16798 +0,0 @@ -Project Gutenberg's Cicero: Letters to Atticus, Vol. 2 of 3, by Cicero - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: Cicero: Letters to Atticus, Vol. 2 of 3 - -Author: Cicero - -Translator: E. O. Winstedt - -Release Date: December 15, 2015 [EBook #50692] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CICERO: LETTERS TO ATTICUS *** - - - - -Produced by Richard Tonsing, Charles Aldarondo and the -Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - - THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY - EDITED BY - T. E. PAGE, M.A., AND W. H. D. ROUSE, LITT. D. - - LETTERS TO ATTICUS - II - - - - - CICERO - - LETTERS TO ATTICUS - - - WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY - - E. O. WINSTEDT, M.A. - OF MAGDALEN COLLEGE. OXFORD - - IN THREE VOLUMES - II - - LONDON: WILLIAM HEINEMANN - NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO. - MCMXXI - - - - -INTRODUCTION - - -This second volume of Cicero's _Letters to Atticus_ embraces one of the -most important epochs in Roman history, the fall of the Republic in -the struggle between Pompey and Caesar. The storm which had long been -brewing broke just as Cicero returned from Cilicia over the question -of Caesar's resignation of office. By the agreement made in 56 B.C. -Caesar's governorship of Gaul was renewed for five years and he was -then to be re-elected to the consulship in 48 B.C. As the renewal dated -from March 1, 54 B.C., his term of office would naturally expire on -March 1, 49 B.C.: but according to the rule in vogue at the time of the -reappointment he would not be superseded until Jan. 1, 48 B.C., the -date on which he would enter on the consulship. He would therefore hold -office continually, and his enemies, the Senatorial party, would have -no chance of bringing a prosecution against him, which might be fatal -to his career. But in 52 B.C. they had induced Pompey to bring forward -a new law by which ex-magistrates did not proceed to a province as soon -as their office ended but after an interval of five years. Consequently -for the next five years special appointments had to be made by the -Senate--for example Cicero's appointment to Cilicia--and, as they could -be made at any time, it would be perfectly easy to supersede Caesar -on March 1, 49, and secure his prosecution, condemnation and downfall -before he could enter on the consulship. - -Another new law of Pompey's insisted on the personal attendance of -candidates for office, from which Caesar had previously obtained -special exemption. On the remonstrance of Caesar's friends Pompey had -inserted a clause allowing such special exemptions to stand: but this -clause was never properly passed. This again was designed to ensure -Caesar's presence in Rome, with a view to his prosecution. - -During the next two years the question of his resignation was -continually coming up in the House, but no definite conclusion -was reached, owing largely to Curio's spirited attacks on all the -Senatorial party's proposals. That party however was ready to catch at -any trifle to pick a quarrel with Caesar: and they found an opportunity -when in Sept. 50 B.C. Caesar decided to send the 13th legion into -Cisalpine Gaul to replace the 15th, which he had had to surrender, -nominally for the war in Syria, though actually the legion was kept -in Italy. A report was circulated that he was sending four legions to -Placentia with hostile intentions. The report was disproved by Curio: -but, though the majority of the Senate supported the opposition, and -refused to declare Caesar a public enemy, Marcellus, the consul, took -upon himself to appoint Pompey to the command over two legions with -authority to raise more against Caesar. On his return to Cisalpine -Gaul in November, Caesar ignored this illegal commission and privately -offered to give up Transalpine Gaul on March 1, if allowed to keep -Cisalpine Gaul and Illyricum with two legions or even Illyricum with -one. It was at this juncture that Cicero returned to Italy, and he -seems to have spoken in favour of accepting this proposal, though -shocked at Caesar's "impudence" in making it. But neither Pompey nor -the Senatorial party took it seriously, and Caesar was forced to send -an ultimatum stating that he would resign only if Pompey did the same. -The Senate replied that, if he did not resign, he would be declared -a public enemy: and, when their motion to that effect was vetoed by -Antony and Cassius, the latter met with the same treatment and had to -flee to Caesar in company with Curio. - -On hearing their report Caesar took the first step in the war by -crossing the Rubicon. His march southward was so quickly executed that -Pompey and the consuls evacuated Rome. Negotiations for peace failed. -Domitius with eighteen cohorts at Corfinium was taken prisoner, and -Pompey retreated to Brundisium on his way to Greece. Hurrying after -him Caesar blockaded the town: but Pompey succeeded in effecting -his escape. Meantime Cicero was exhibiting the weakest side of his -character. At the first outbreak he offered to go with Pompey: but he -was given the command of Capua and the Campanian coast. This command he -resigned in a few days: later he set out to join Pompey at Brundisium, -but retreated for fear of capture: and thereafter for months he -remained at Formiae shilly-shallying and writing querulous letters to -Atticus for advice. However, when he met Caesar on his return from -Brundisium to Rome, he had sufficient courage to refuse to take a seat -in the House and support his demands. - -Caesar's stay in Rome was short and marked only by his seizure of the -public treasury and the appointment of his friends Lepidus and Antony -as prefect of the city and military commander respectively. Then he -hastened to Spain, where, after nearly meeting with a disaster, he -defeated the five legions under Afranius and Petreius at Ilerda, and -gained the whole peninsula. While the issue was still uncertain -in Spain, and indeed things looked unfavourable to Caesar, Cicero -screwed up his courage and joined Pompey in Epirus. Meantime Sardinia -was occupied by Caesar's adjutant P. Valerius and Sicily gave way to -Curio. The latter passed on to Africa, where after some success he met -with defeat and death at the hands of Juba. It was not till January -48 B.C. that Caesar effected a landing in Epirus, where he proceeded -to surround Pompey's camp near Dyrrachium: but his lines were broken -through and he sustained a slight defeat. He retired towards Thessaly -and there in August won a decisive victory over Pompey at Pharsalus. -Pompey fled to Cyprus and thence to Egypt, there to meet his death. The -rest of the party split up, some going to Africa to carry on the war, -others to Greece and Asia to make terms for themselves with Caesar. -Cicero after a violent quarrel with his brother at Patrae returned to -Brundisium, and there spent many miserable months wondering what his -fate would be when Caesar returned. His misfortunes were increased by -a rupture with his wife Terentia, and the unfaithfulness and general -misconduct of his son-in-law Dolabella, which forced him to procure a -divorce for Tullia. And there this volume leaves him, moaning. - -The following abbreviations are used in the apparatus criticus:-- - -_M_ = the _Codex Mediceus_ 49, 18, written in the year 1389 A.D., and -now preserved in the Laurentian Library at Florence. _M_¹ denotes the -reading of the first hand, and _M_² that of a reviser. - -Δ = the reading of _M_ when supported by that of the _Codex Urbinas -322_, a MS. of the 15th century, preserved in the Vatican Library. - -_N_ = the _Codex ex abbatia Florentina_, n. 14 in the Laurentian -Library, written in the 14th or 15th century. - -_O_ = _Codex_ 1.5.34 in the University Library at Turin, written in the -15th century. - -_P_ = No. 8536 of the Latin MSS. in the Bibliothèque Nationale at -Paris, a MS. of the 15th century. - -_Ant._ = _Codex Antonianus_, used by Malaspina. - -_C_ = the marginal readings in Cratander's edition of 1528, drawn from -a MS. which is lost. - -_F_ = _Codex Faerni_, used by Malaspina. - -_Z_ = the readings of the lost _Codex Tornaesianus_, _Z_ᵇ denoting the -reading as preserved by Bosius, and _Z_ˡ that testified to by Lambinus. - -_I_ = the editio _Jensoniana princeps_ (Venice, 1470). - -_L_ = readings in the text of Lambinus' edition, or conjectures of -Lambinus. - -_Vict._ = the _editio Petri Victori_ (Venice, 1534-37). - - - - -CONTENTS - - - Letters to Atticus Book VII _Page_ 2 - - Letters to Atticus Book VIII 98 - - Letters to Atticus Book IX 176 - - Letters to Atticus Book X 272 - - Letters to Atticus Book XI 352 - - * * * * * - - Page 1 - - - CICERO'S LETTERS - - TO ATTICUS - - BOOK VII - - R VOL. II - - * * * * * - - Page 2 - - - - -M. TULLI CICERONIS - -EPISTULARUM AD ATTICUM - -LIBER SEPTIMUS - - - - -I - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Athenis XVII K. Nov. a. 704_] - -Dederam equidem L. Saufeio litteras et dederam ad te unum, quod, cum -non esset temporis mihi ad scribendum satis, tamen hominem tibi tam -familiarem sine meis litteris ad te venire nolebam; sed, ut philosophi -ambulant, has tibi redditum iri putabam prius. Sin iam illas accepisti, -scis me Athenas venisse pr. Idus Octobres, e navi egressum in Piraeum -tuas ab Acasto nostro litteras accepisse, conturbatum, quod cum febre -Romam venisses, bono tamen animo esse coepisse, quod Acastus ea, quae -vellem, de allevato corpore tuo nuntiaret, cohorruisse autem me eo[1] -quod tuae litterae de legionibus Caesaris adferrent, et egisse tecum, -ut videres, ne quid φιλοτιμία eius, quem nosti, nobis noceret, et, de -quo iam pridem ad te scripseram, Turranius autem secus tibi Brundisi -dixerat (quod ex iis litteris cognovi, quas a Xenone, optimo viro, -accepi), cur fratrem provinciae non praefecissem, exposui breviter. -Haec fere sunt in illa epistula. Nunc audi reliqua. - -[1] me eo _Tyrrell_; me _MSS._; eo _Koch_, _Müller_. - -Per fortunas! omnem tuum amorem, quo me es amplexus, omnemque tuam -prudentiam, quam mehercule - - * * * * * - - Page 3 - - - - -CICERO'S LETTERS - -TO ATTICUS - -BOOK VII - - - - -I - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Athens, Oct. 16_, B.C. _50_] - - -I did give L. Saufeius a letter, one for you alone, because, though I -had no time to write, I was reluctant that so intimate an acquaintance -of yours should come to you without a note from me. But, considering -the pace of philosophers, I imagine the present letter will reach you -first. If, however, you have got that earlier letter now, you will know -that I arrived at Athens on Oct. 14; that on disembarking at the port -I received your letter from our friend Acastus; that, perturbed though -I was at your arrival in Rome with a fever, nevertheless I began to -take heart at Acastus' welcome announcement of your convalescence; but -shivered myself at your news of Caesar's legions, and pleaded with you -to beware lest friend Philotimus' time-serving injure us.[2] As for -the point I touched on long ago (misrepresented to you by Turranius at -Brundisium, as I gathered from a letter received from that good fellow -Xeno), I set forth briefly the reason why I had not put my brother -in charge of the province. Those practically were the topics of that -letter. Now hear what remains. - -[2] Cf. vi, 4, 6, 9. - -In heaven's name, I want all the affection which you have lavished on -me, and all your worldly - - * * * * * - - Page 4 - -in omni genere iudico singularem, confer ad eam curam, ut de omni statu -meo cogites. Videre enim mihi videor tantam dimicationem, nisi idem -deus, qui nos melius, quam optare auderemus, Parthico bello liberavit, -respexerit rem publicam,--sed tantam, quanta numquam fuit. Age, hoc -malum mihi commune est cum omnibus. Nihil tibi mando ut de eo cogites, -illud meum proprium πρόβλεμα, quaeso, suscipe. Videsne, ut te auctore -sim utrumque complexus? Ac vellem a principio te audisse amicissime -monentem. - - Ἀλλ' ἐμὸν οὔποτε θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔπειθες. - -Sed aliquando tamen persuasisti, ut alterum complecterer, quia de me -erat optume meritus, alterum, quia tantum valebat. Feci igitur itaque -effeci omni obsequio, ut neutri illorum quisquam esset me carior. -Haec enim cogitabamus, nec mihi coniuncto cum Pompeio fore necesse -peccare in re publica aliquando nec cum Caesare sentienti pugnandum -esse cum Pompeio. Tanta erat illorum coniunctio. Nunc impendet, ut et -tu ostendis, et ego video, summa inter eos contentio. Me autem uterque -numerat suum, nisi forte simulat alter. Nam Pompeius non dubitat; vere -enim iudicat ea, quae de re publica nunc sentiat, mihi valde probari. -Utriusque autem accepi eius modi litteras eodem tempore quo tuas, ut -neuter quemquam omnium pluris facere quam me videretur. Verum quid -agam? Non quaero illa ultima (si enim - - * * * * * - - Page 5 - -wisdom, which I swear to my mind is unrivalled in every subject, to -be devoted to a careful estimate of my whole position. For myself, I -seem to foresee a terrific struggle, unless indeed the same god, who -wrought above my boldest hopes in freeing us from a Parthian war, take -pity on the state--anyhow, such a terrific struggle as there never has -been before. True, the calamity would fall not only on me, but on every -one. I don't ask you to consider the wider problem: solve my own little -case, I entreat. Don't you see that it is you who are responsible -for my friendship with both Pompey and Caesar? Ah, would that I had -listened to your friendly admonitions from the outset. - -[Sidenote: Odyssey ix, 33] - -"Thou couldst not sway the spirit in my breast." - -But at last, however, you persuaded me to be friendly with the one, -because he had done so much for me; with the other, because he was -so powerful. Well, I did so, and I have studiously contrived to be -particularly dear to both of them. For my idea was this. Allied with -Pompey, I should never have to be guilty of political impropriety; and, -siding with Caesar, I should not have to fight with Pompey. So close -was the alliance of those two. But now, on your showing and in my view, -there threatens a dire struggle between them. Each of them counts me -his friend--unless, perhaps, Caesar is dissembling; for Pompey has -no doubt, rightly supposing that his present political views have my -strongest approval. But both have sent me letters (which came with -yours) in terms that would appear to make more of me than of anyone at -all. But what am I to do? I don't mean in the long run. If the matter -is to be fought in the - - * * * * * - - Page 6 - -castris res geretur, video cum altero vinci satius esse quam cum -altero vincere), sed illa, quae tum agentur, cum venero, ne ratio -absentis habeatur, ut exercitum dimittat. "DIC, M. TVLLI." Quid -dicam? "Exspecta, amabo te, dum Atticum conveniam"? Non est locus ad -tergiversandum. Contra Caesarem? "Ubi illae sunt densae dexterae?" Nam, -ut illi hoc liceret, adiuvi rogatus ab ipso Ravennae de Caelio tribuno -pl. Ab ipso autem? Etiam a Gnaeo nostro in illo divino tertio consulatu. - -Aliter sensero? Αἰδέομαι non Pompeium modo, sed Τρῶας καὶ Τρωάδας. - - Πουλυδάμας μοι πρῶτος ἐλεγχείην καταθήσει. - -Quis? Tu ipse scilicet, laudator et factorum et scriptorum meorum. Hanc -ergo plagam effugi per duos superiores Marcellorum consulatus, cum est -actum de provincia Caesaris, nunc incido in discrimen ipsum? Itaque ut -stultus[3] primus suam sententiam dicat, mihi valde placet de triumpho -nos moliri aliquid, extra urbem esse cum iustissuma causa. Tamen -dabunt operam, ut eliciant sententiam meam. Ridebis hoc loco fortasse. -Quam vellem etiam nunc in provincia morari! Plane opus fuit, si hoc -impendebat. Etsi nil miserius. Nam, ὁδῦυ πάρεργον, volo te hoc scire. - -[3] _The reading here is debatable._ Sulpicius, Hillus, _and_ alius -_have been suggested in place of_ stultus. - - * * * * * - - Page 7 - -field, I see it would be better to be beaten with Pompey than -to win with Caesar. But what about the points in debate on my -arrival--refusing the claims of a candidate who is away from Rome and -ordering the disbanding of his army. "Your opinion, Marcus Tullius," -will be the question. What am I to say? "Please wait till I meet -Atticus?" There is no chance of evasion. I speak against Caesar? "Where -then the pledge of plighted hands?"[4] For I assisted in getting Caesar -privilege on these two points, when I was asked by him personally at -Ravenna to approach Caelius the tribune to propose a bill. Asked by him -personally, do I say? Yes, and by our friend Pompey in that immortal -third consulship. - -[4] Probably a quotation from some early poet. - -Shall I choose the other course? "I fear" not only Pompey, but "the -men and long-robed dames of Troy": "Polydamas will be the first to -rail."[5] Who's he? Why, you, who praise my work and writings. Have I -then avoided this trap during the last two consulships of the Marcelli, -when the matter of Caesar's province was under debate, only to fall -now into the thick of the trouble? That some fool may have the first -vote on the motion, I feel strongly inclined to devote my energies to -my triumph, a most reasonable excuse for staying outside the city. -Nevertheless they will try to extract my opinion. Perhaps this will -excite your mirth: I wish to goodness I were still staying in my -province. I certainly ought to have stayed, if this was coming: though -it would have been most wretched. For by the way - -[5] _Iliad_ vi, 442, and xxii, 100. - - * * * * * - - Page 8 - -Omnia illa prima, quae etiam tu tuis litteris in caelum ferebas, -ἐπίτηκτα fuerunt. Quam non est facilis virtus! Quam vero difficilis -eius diuturna simulatio! Cum enim hoc rectum et gloriosum putarem, -ex annuo sumptu, qui mihi decretus esset, me C. Caelio quaestori -relinquere annuum, referre in aerarium ad HS CIↃ, ingemuit nostra -cohors omne illud putans distribui sibi oportere, ut ego amicior -invenirer Phrygum et Cilicum aerariis quam nostro. Sed me non moverunt; -nam et mea laus apud me plurimum valuit, nec tamen quicquam honorifice -in quemquam fieri potuit, quod praetermiserim. Sed haec fuerit, ut ait -Thucydides, ἐκβολὴ λόγου non inutilis. - -Tu autem de nostro statu cogitabis, primum quo artificio tueamur -benevolentiam Caesaris, deinde de ipso triumpho; quem video, nisi -rei publicae tempora impedient, εὐπόριστον. Iudico autem cum ex -litteris amicorum tum ex supplicatione. Quam qui non decrevit, plus -decrevit, quam si omnes decresset triumphos. Ei porro adsensus est -unus familiaris meus, Favonius, alter iratus, Hirrus. Cato autem et -scribendo adfuit et ad me de sententia sua iucundissimas litteras -misit. Sed tamen gratulans mihi Caesar de supplicatione triumphat -de sententia Catonis nec scribit, quid ille sententiae dixerit, sed -tantum, supplicationem eum mihi non decrevisse. - - * * * * * - - Page 9 - -there is one thing I want to tell you. All that show of virtue at -first, which even you praised sky high in your letters, was only -superficial. Truly righteousness is hard: hard even to pretend to it -for long. For, when I thought it a fine show of rectitude to leave my -quaestor C. Caelius a year's cash out of what was decreed me for my -budget and to pay back into the treasury £8,800,[6] my staff, thinking -all the money should have been distributed among them, lamented that -I should turn out to be more friendly to the treasuries of Phrygia -and Cilicia than to our own. I was unmoved: for I set my good name -before everything. Yet there is no possible honour that I have omitted -to bestow on any of these knaves. This, in Thucydides' phrase, is a -digression--but not pointless. - -[6] 1,000,000 sesterces. - -[Sidenote: Thuc. i, 97] - -But as to my position. You will consider first by what trick I can -retain Caesar's good will: and then the matter of my triumph, which, -barring political obstacles, seems to me easy to get: I infer as -much from letters from friends and from that business of the public -thanksgiving in my honour. For the man who voted against it,[7] voted -for more than if he had voted for all the triumphs in the world; -moreover his adherents were one a friend of mine, Favonius, and another -an enemy, Hirrus. Cato both took part in drafting the decree, and sent -me a most agreeable letter about his vote. But Caesar, in writing to -congratulate me over the thanksgiving, exults over Cato's vote, says -nothing about the latter's speech on the occasion, and merely remarks -that he opposed the proclamation of a thanksgiving. - -[7] Cato. - - * * * * * - - Page 10 - - -Redeo ad Hirrum. Coeperas eum mihi placare; perfice. Habes Scrofam, -habes Silium. Ad eos ego et iam antea scripsi ad ipsum Hirrum. Locutus -enim erat cum iis commode se potuisse impedire, sed noluisse; adsensum -tamen esse Catoni, amicissimo meo, cum is honorificentissimam in me -sententiam dixisset; nec me ad se ullas litteras misisse, cum ad omnes -mitterem. Verum dicebat. Ad eum enim solum et ad Crassipedem non -scripseram. Atque haec de rebus forensibus; redeamus domum. - -Diiungere me ab illo volo. Merus est φυρατής, germanus Lartidius. - - Ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν προτετύχθαι ἐάσομεν ἀχνύμενοί περ. - -Reliqua expediamus, hoc primum, quod accessit cura dolori meo. Sed -tamen hoc, quicquid est, Precianum cum iis rationibus, quas ille -meas tractat, admisceri nolo. Scripsi ad Terentiam, scripsi etiam ad -ipsum, me, quicquid possem nummorum, ad apparatum sperati triumphi ad -te redacturum. Ita puto ἄμεμπτα fore; verum ut lubebit. Hanc quoque -suscipe curam, quem ad modum experiamur. Id tu et ostendisti quibusdam -litteris ex Epiro an Athenis datis, et in eo ego te adiuvabo. - - * * * * * - - Page 11 - - -I come back to Hirrus. You have begun to reconcile him to me; -accomplish it. Scrofa and Silius are on your side. I have already -written to them and to Hirrus himself. For Hirrus had told them in a -friendly way that he could easily have prevented the decree, but was -reluctant; that, however, he had sided with Cato, my very good friend, -when the latter recorded a vote complimenting me in the highest terms. -Hirrus added that I had omitted to write to him, though I had sent -letters to every one else. He was right. It was only to him and to -Crassipes that I did not write. So much for public life. Let us come -home. - -I wish to dissociate myself from that fellow Philotimus. He is a -veritable muddler, a regular Lartidius[8]. - -[8] Taken by the older commentators to be a Latin form of Λαερτιάδης -(i.e. Ulysses); but the sense does not seem to warrant the comparison, -which could only mean "as wily as Ulysses." - -"A truce to what is past for all our pain."[9] - -[9] _Iliad_ xviii, 112; xix, 65, "Let bygones be bygones." - -Let us settle what remains; and first this point, which adds anxiety -to my sorrow. This sum, I mean, whatever it is, which comes from -Precius, I do not want mixed up with the accounts of mine of which that -fellow has the handling. I have written to Terentia and to Philotimus -himself that I shall deposit with you any moneys I may collect, for -the equipment of the triumph I anticipate. So I fancy there will be no -_amour propre_ wounded: but as they like. Here is another matter for -your consideration--the steps I am to take to arrange this business. -You outlined them in a letter dated from Epirus or Athens, and I will -support your plan. - - * * * * * - - Page 12 - - - - -II - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi V K. Dec., ut videtur, a. 704_] - -Brundisium venimus VII Kalend. Decembr. usi tua felicitate navigandi; -ita belle nobis - -"Flavit ab Epiro lenissimus Onchesmites." - -Hunc σπονδειάζοντα, si cui voles τῶν νεωτέρων, pro tuo -vendito. Valetudo tua me valde conturbat; significant enim tuae -litterae te prorsus laborare. Ego autem, cum sciam, quam sis fortis, -vehementius esse quiddam suspicor, quod te cogat cedere et prope -modum infringat. Etsi alteram quartanam Pamphilus tuus mihi dixit -decessisse et alteram leviorem accedere. Terentia vero, quae quidem -eodem tempore ad portam Brundisinam venit quo ego in portum mihique -obvia in foro fuit, L. Pontium sibi in Trebulano dixisse narrabat etiam -eam decessisse. Quod si ita est, est, quod maxume mehercule opto, idque -spero tua prudentia et temperantia te consecutum. - -Venio ad epistulas tuas; quas ego sescentas uno tempore accepi, aliam -alia iucundiorem, quae quidem erant tua manu. Nam Alexidis manum -amabam, quod tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae; non -amabam, quod indicabat te non valere. Cuius quoniam mentio facta est, -Tironem Patris aegrum reliqui, adulescentem, ut nosti, et adde, si quid -vis, - - * * * * * - - Page 13 - - - - -II - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, Nov. 26_, B.C. _50_] - -I arrived at Brundisium on the 24th of November after enjoying your -proverbial luck at sea: so fair for me "blew from Epirus the softest -of breezes, Onchesmites." There, that verse with its spondaic ending -you can pass off for your own on any of our new school of poets[10] you -like. Your health causes me great anxiety; for I see from your letter -that you really suffer. But, knowing your spirit, I strongly suspect -there is something serious which compels you to give in and nearly -causes a breakdown, although your Pamphilus tells me that one fit of -quartan has passed, and that a second and lighter attack is coming -on. But Terentia (who reached Brundisium's gates as I reached the -harbour, and met me in the forum) told me that L. Pontius had informed -her at Trebula that the second attack also had abated. If that is so, -my utmost hopes are realized, and I expect that consummation has been -attained by your caution and moderate habits. - -[10] Catullus, Cinna, and the other imitators of Alexandrine poetry. - -I come to your letters, which have reached me in shoals, each more -delightful than the last--I mean those in your own handwriting. I like -Alexis' hand; it so closely resembles your own script; but there is one -thing I do not like about it--it shows that you are ill. Talking of -Alexis, I left Tiro sick at Patrae; he is, as you know, a young man, -and you may add, if you like, an honest fellow. Nothing - - * * * * * - - Page 14 - -probum. Nihil vidi melius. Itaque careo aegre et, quamquam videbatur -se non graviter habere, tamen sum sollicitus, maximamque spem habeo in -M'. Curi diligentia, de qua ad me scripsit Tiro et multi nuntiarunt. -Curius autem ipse sensit, quam tu velles se a me diligi, et eo sum -admodum delectatus. Et mehercule est, quam facile diligas, ἀυτόχθων -in homine urbanitas. Eius testamentum deporto trium[11] Ciceronum -signis obsignatum cohortisque praetoriae. Fecit palam te ex libella, -me ex terruncio. In Actio Corcyrae Alexio me opipare muneratus est. Q. -Ciceroni obsisti non potuit, quo minus Thyamim videret. Filiola tua -te delectari laetor et probari tibi φυσικὴι esse τὴν πρὸς τὰ τέκνα. -Etenim, si haec non est, nulla potest homini esse ad hominem naturae -adiunctio; qua sublata vitae societas tollitur, "Bene eveniat!" inquit -Carneades spurce, sed tamen prudentius quam Lucius noster et Patron, -qui, cum omnia ad se referant, numquam quicquam alterius causa fieri -putent et, cum ea re bonum virum oportere esse dicant, ne malum habeat, -non quo id natura rectum sit, non intellegant se de callido homine -loqui, non de bono viro. Sed haec, opinor, sunt in iis libris, quos tu -laudando animos mihi addidisti. - -[11] detortorio _M_; detortorium _CZ_; _corr. by Junius_. - -Redeo ad rem. Quo modo exspectabam epistulam, - - * * * * * - - Page 15 - -could be better than Tiro. So I miss him terribly, and, though he did -not seem very bad, still I am anxious, and build great hopes on the -care of M'. Curius, about which Tiro has written and many people have -told me. Curius himself was aware of your desire that he should win my -esteem: and I am greatly charmed with him. Indeed he is one of nature's -gentlemen, whom it is easy to like. I carry home his will sealed with -the seals of three of my family and of the praetor's staff. In the -presence of witnesses he made you heir to a tenth of his estate and -me to a fortieth.[12] At Actium in Corcyra Alexio made me a splendid -present. Q. Cicero could not be stopped from seeing the river Thyamis. -I am glad you take delight in your baby daughter, and have satisfied -yourself that a desire for children is natural.[13] For, if it is not, -there can be no natural tie between man and man; remove that tie, -and social life is destroyed. "Heaven bless the consequence," says -Carneades naughtily, but with more wisdom than our philosophers Lucius -and Patron, who in sticking to selfish hedonism and denying altruism, -and saying that man must be virtuous for fear of the consequences of -vice and not because virtue is an end in itself, fail to see that they -are describing a type not of goodness but of craftiness. But these -points, I think, are handled in the volumes[14] you have encouraged me -by praising. - -[12] Monetary fractions are generally expressed by parts of the _as_; -but here the _denarius_ is used as the standard. The _libella_ was -one-tenth and the _teruncius_ one-fortieth of a _denarius_. - -[13] With φυσικήν the substantive ὁρμήν must be understood. - -[14] _De Republica._ - -I return to business. How I looked for the letter - - * * * * * - - Page 16 - -quam Philoxeno dedisses! Scripseras enim in ea esse de sermone Pompei -Neapolitano. Eam mihi Patron Brundisi reddidit. Corcyrae, ut opinor, -acceperat. Nihil potuit esse iucundius. Erat enim de re publica, de -opinione, quam is vir haberet integritatis meae, de benevolentia, -quam ostendit eo sermone, quem habuit de triumpho. Sed tamen hoc -iucundissimum, quod intellexi te ad eum venisse, ut eius animum erga me -perspiceres. Hoc mihi, inquam, accidit iucundissimum. De triumpho autem -nulla me cupiditas umquam tenuit ante Bibuli impudentissimas litteras, -quas amplissume supplicatio consecuta est. A quo si ea gesta essent, -quae scripsit, gauderem et honori faverem; nunc illum, qui pedem porta, -quoad hostis cis Euphratem fuit, non extulerit, honore augeri, me, in -cuius exercitu spem illius exercitus habuit, idem non adsequi, dedecus -est nostrum, nostrum inquam te coniungens. Itaque omnia experiar, et ut -spero, adsequar. Quodsi tu valeres, iam mihi quaedam explorata essent. -Sed, ut spero, valebis. - -De raudusculo Numeriano multum te amo. Hortensius quid egerit, aveo -scire, Cato quid agat; qui quidem in me turpiter fuit malevolus. Dedit -integritatis, iustitiae, clementiae, fidei mihi testimonium, quod non -quaerebam; quod postulabam, negavit id. Itaque Caesar eis litteris, -quibus mihi gratulatur et omnia pollicetur, quo modo exsultat Catonis -in me ingratissmi iniuria! At hic idem Bibulo dierum XX. - - * * * * * - - Page 17 - -you said was entrusted to Philoxenus! For it was to contain news of -Pompey's talk at Naples. Patron handed it to me at Brundisium. It was -at Corcyra, I fancy, he had taken charge of it. Nothing could be more -delightful. It touched on politics, the great man's opinion of my -honour, the kindliness he displayed in his remarks about my triumph. -But the most delightful item of all was the intelligence that you had -called on him to find out his feeling towards me. This, I repeat, was -what I found most delightful. As for a triumph, I had no desire for -one up to the time Bibulus sent his shameless despatches and got a -thanksgiving voted in the most complimentary way. Now, if he had done -what he professed to have done, I should have been glad and supported -the honour; but, as it is, it is a disgrace to us--to both of us: for -I include you in the business--that I, on whose army his army relied, -should not get the same rewards as a man who never set foot outside -the city gates so long as there was an enemy this side of Euphrates. -Therefore I shall make every effort, and, as I hope, shall succeed. If -you were well, some points would have been settled already; but I hope -you will soon be well. - -For that twopenny debt to Numerius I am much bounden to you. I long to -know what Hortensius has done about my triumph and what Cato is doing. -Cato's behaviour to me was shamefully spiteful. He gave me a character -for rectitude, equity, clemency, and good faith, for which I did not -ask; what I did want, that he denied me. Accordingly in his letter of -congratulation and lavish assurances, how Caesar exults over the wrong -Cato did me by his deep ingratitude! Yet Cato voted Bibulus a twenty -days' - - * * * * * - - Page 18 - -Ignosce mihi; non possum haec ferre nec feram. - -Cupio ad omnes tuas epistulas, sed nihil necesse est; iam enim te -videbo. Illud tamen de Chrysippo--nam de altero illo minus sum -admiratus, operario homine; sed tamen ne illo quidem quicquam -improbius. Chrysippum vero, quem ego propter litterularum nescio quid -libenter vidi, in honore habui, discedere a puero insciente me! Mitto -alia, quae audio multa, mitto furta; fugam non fero, qua mihi nihil -visum est sceleratius. Itaque usurpavi vetus illud Drusi, ut ferunt, -praetoris, in eo, qui eadem liber non iuraret, me istos liberos non -addixisse, praesertim cum adesset nemo, a quo recte vindicarentur. Id -tu, ut videbitur, ita accipies; ego tibi adsentiar. - -Uni tuae disertissimae epistulae non rescripsi, in qua est de periculis -rei publicae. Quid rescriberem? valde eram perturbatus. Sed ut nihil -magno opere metuam, Parthi faciunt, qui repente Bibulum semivivum -reliquerunt. - - - - -III - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Trebulano V Id. Dec. a. 704_] - -A. d. VIII Idus Decembr. Aeculanum veni et ibi tuas litteras legi, quas -Philotimus mihi reddidit. E quibus hanc primo aspectu voluptatem cepi, -quod - - * * * * * - - Page 19 - -festival. Forgive me, I cannot and I will not bear it. - -I long to answer all your letters; but there is no need, for soon I -shall see you. Still I must tell you about Chrysippus--the conduct of -that other fellow, a mere mechanic, excites my surprise less, though -it could not have been more scandalous. But Chrysippus, whom I was -always glad to see and held in honour, because he had a smattering of -culture, fancy him deserting my son without my knowledge! I can put -up with other things, though I hear of plenty, I can even put up with -embezzlement; but I cannot put up with his flight. It is the most -scandalous thing I ever heard of. So I have taken a leaf from Drusus' -book, when, in his praetorship, as the story goes, a man, who had been -manumitted, refused to take the oaths he had promised: and I have -denied that those fellows ever were freed by me, especially as there -were no legal witnesses to the transaction. Take it any way you will: I -will abide by your decision. - -The only one of your letters, which I have not answered, is the most -eloquent of them all, dealing with the country's peril. I have no -answer to make: I am very much upset. But the Parthians, whose sudden -retreat left Bibulus half dead with fright, have taught me not to be -much alarmed at anything. - - - - -III - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Trebula, Dec. 9_, B.C. _50_] - -On the 6th of December I came to Aeculanum, and there I read your -letter, which Philotimus handed to me. I was pleased at the first -glance to see it was - - * * * * * - - Page 20 - -erant a te ipso scriptae, deinde earum accuratissuma diligentia sum -mirum in modum delectatus. Ac primum illud, in quo te Dicaearcho -adsentiri negas, etsi cupidissume expetitum a me est et te approbante, -ne diutius anno in provincia essem, tamen non est nostra contentione -perfectum. Sic enim scito, verbum in senatu factum esse numquam de ullo -nostrum, qui provincias obtinuimus, quo in iis diutius quam ex senatus -consulto maneremus, ut iam ne istius quidem rei culpam sustineam, quod -minus diu fuerim in provincia, quam fortasse fuerit utile. Sed "quid -si hoc melius?" opportune dici videtur ut in hoc ipso. Sive enim ad -concordiam res adduci potest sive ad bonorum victoriam, utriusvis rei -me aut adiutorem velim esse aut certe non expertem; sin vincuntur -boni, ubicumque essem, una cum iis victus essem. Quare celeritas -nostri reditus ἀμεταμέλητος debet esse. Quodsi ista nobis cogitatio de -triumpho iniecta non esset, quam tu quoque adprobas, ne tu haud multum -requireres illum virum, qui in sexto libro informatus est. Quid enim -tibi faciam, qui illos libros devorasti? Quin nunc ipsum non dubitabo -rem tantam abicere, si id erit rectius. Utrumque vero simul agi non -potest, et de triumpho ambitiose et de re publica libere. Sed ne -dubitaris, quin, quod honestius, id mihi futurum sit antiquius. Nam, -quod putas utilius esse, vel mihi quod tutius sit, vel etiam ut rei -publicae prodesse possim, me esse cum imperio, id coram considerabimus -quale sit. Habet enim res deliberationem; etsi ex parte magna - - * * * * * - - Page 21 - -in your handwriting; and I was highly delighted at the care -and attention it showed. First you say that you disagree with -Dicaearchus.[15] Now, though I was exceedingly anxious, and that with -your approval, not to stay in my province more than a year, it was -not my own efforts that gained the point. For you should know that no -word was ever said in the House about any of us provincial governors -outstaying the term of our appointment; so that now I am not to be -blamed even for making a shorter stay in my province than was perhaps -to my advantage. But "all for the best" is an apt saying, as it is in -this case. For, if peace can be patched up, or the loyalists can be -made to win the victory, I should be sorry not to assist or at any -rate have a hand in the matter. But, if the loyalists are conquered, I -should share their defeat wherever I were. So my speedy return ought -not to cost me any regret. If this idea of a triumph that you approve -had not come into my head, you would find me not far short of the ideal -statesman I sketched in the sixth volume.[16] What would you have me -do, you devourer of those books of mine? Even now I will not hesitate -to throw away my great ambition, if that course is better. One cannot -of course play both parts at once, the selfish candidate for triumph -and the independent politician. But doubt not that I shall take honesty -to be my best policy. As for your point that it were better for me, -whether for my private safety, or for the public welfare, that I should -retain my command, we will talk it over together. It is a matter for -deliberation, - -[15] Cf. II, 16, where Dicaearchus is mentioned as an advocate of an -active life. He was a pupil of Aristotle, and wrote philosophical and -geographical works. - -[16] Of the _De Republica_. - - * * * * * - - Page 22 - -tibi adsentior. De animo autem meo erga rem publicam bene facis quod -non dubitas, et illud probe indicas, nequaquam satis pro meis officiis, -pro ipsius in alios effusione illum in me liberalem fuisse, eiusque -rei causam vere explicas, et eis, quae de Fabio Caninioque acta -scribis, valde consentiunt. Quae si secus essent, totumque se ille in -me profudisset, tamen illa, quam scribis, custos urbis me praeclarae -inscriptionis memorem esse cogeret, nec mihi concederet, ut imitarer -Volcacium aut Servium, quibus tu es contentus, sed aliquid nos vellet -nobis dignum et sentire et defendere. Quod quidem agerem, si liceret, -alio modo, ac nunc agendum est. - -De sua potentia dimicant homines hoc tempore periculo civitatis. Nam, -si res publica defenditur, cur ea consule isto ipso defensa non est? -cur ego, in cuius causa rei publicae salus consistebat, defensus -postero anno non sum? cur imperium illi aut cur illo modo prorogatum -est? cur tanto opere pugnatum est, ut de eius absentis ratione habenda -decem tribuni pl. ferrent? His ille rebus ita convaluit, ut nunc in uno -civi spes ad resistendum sit; qui mallem tantas ei vires non dedisset -quam nunc tam valenti resisteret, - - * * * * * - - Page 23 - -though I agree with you in the main. You do well not to doubt my -attitude towards politics: and you judge rightly that Caesar has -not been liberal to me considering my services, and considering his -lavishness towards others. You explain his reasons rightly: I am in the -same boat with Fabius and Caninius,[17] as your letter shows. But if -things were otherwise and he had been profuse in his generosity towards -me, nevertheless the goddess you mention, the guardian of the city, -would have compelled me to remember her fine inscription, and would -not allow me to imitate Volcacius or Servius,[18] with whom you are -content, but would wish me to express and maintain a policy worthy of -my name. And I should have done it, if I could, in a different way from -the way I must adopt now. - -[17] _Legati_ of Caesar: but nothing is known of any slight on them. - -[18] Before his exile Cicero dedicated a statue of Minerva in the -Capitol with the inscription _Custos Urbis_. Possibly, however, there -was a longer inscription. Volcacius and Servius maintained neutrality -in the civil war. - -It is for their own power men are fighting now to the danger of the -country. For if the constitution is being defended, why was it not -defended when Caesar himself was consul? Why was I, on whose case the -safety of the constitution depended, not defended in the following -year? Why was Caesar's command prolonged, or why was it prolonged in -such a fashion? Why was there such a struggle to get the ten tribunes -to bring in a bill allowing him to stand in his absence? All this has -made him so strong that now hope of resistance depends on one citizen. -I wish that citizen had not given him so much power rather than that he -now resisted him in the hour of - - * * * * * - - Page 24 - -Sed, quoniam res eo deducta est, non quaeram, ut scribis: - - Ποῦ σκάφος τὸ τῶν Ἀτρειδῶν; - -mihi σκάφος unum erit, quod a Pompeio gubernabitur. Illud ipsum quod -ais: "Quid fiet, cum erit dictum: DIC, M. TVLLI?"--σύντομα: "CN. POMPEIO -ADSENTIOR." Ipsum tamen Pompeium separatim ad concordiam hortabor. -Sic enim sentio, maxumo in periculo rem esse. Vos scilicet plura, -qui in urbe estis. Verum tamen haec video, cum homine audacissimo -paratissimoque negotium esse, omnes damnatos omnes ignominia adfectos, -omnes damnatione ignominiaque dignos illac facere, omnem fere -iuventutem omnem illam urbanam ac perditam plebem, tribunos valentes -addito C. Cassio, omnes, qui aere alieno premantur, quos pluris esse -intellego, quam putaram (causam solum ilia causa non habet, ceteris -rebus abundat), hic omnia facere omnes, ne armis decernatur; quorum -exitus semper incerti, nunc vero etiam in alteram partem magis timendi. - -Bibulus de provincia decessit, Veientonem praefecit; in decedendo erit, -ut audio, tardior. Quem cum ornavit Cato, declaravit iis se solis non -invidere, quibus nihil aut non multum ad dignitatem posset accedere. - -Nunc venio ad privata; fere enim respondi tuis litteris de re publica, -et iis, quas in suburbano, et iis, quas postea scripsisti. Ad privata -venio. Unum etiam de Caelio. Tantum abest, ut meam ille sententiam - - * * * * * - - Page 25 - -his strength. But since things have come to such a pass, I shall not -ask, to borrow your quotation, - -"Where is the bark of Atreus' sons?"[19] - -[19] Euripides _Troades_ 455 ποῦ σκάφος τὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ - -My only bark will be that which has Pompey for a pilot. For your -query "What will happen when the question is put 'Your vote, Marcus -Tullius'"--briefly "I vote with Pompey." Still I shall exhort Pompey -privately to pacific measures. I feel that there is the greatest -danger. You, who are in town, will know more. Yet I see that we have -to do with a man of the greatest daring and readiness, who has on his -side all the criminal and social outcasts, and all who deserve to be -counted criminals and outcasts; nearly all the younger generation; all -the lowest city rabble; the powerful tribunes including C. Cassius; all -the insolvent, who are more in number than I imagined. All his cause -wants is a good cause: it has everything else in plenty. On our side we -all do everything to avoid battle. You can never be sure of the issue -of war, and it is to be feared it would go against us now. - -Bibulus has quitted the province and left Veiento in charge: he will be -pretty slow, I hear, on his journey. This is the man in whose praise -Cato spoke, when he declared that the only people he did not envy were -those who could not be raised higher or not much higher. - -To come to private matters: for I have fairly answered your letter on -the political situation, both the one you wrote in your town villa and -the one you wrote later. Now for private matters. But one word about -Caelius. So far is he from affecting my - - * * * * * - - Page 26 - -moveat, ut valde ego ipsi, quod de sua sententia decesserit; -paenitendum putem. Sed quid est, quod et vici Luccei sint addicti? Hoc -te praetermisisse miror. De Philotimo faciam equidem, ut mones. Sed -ego mihi ab illo non rationes exspectabam, quas tibi edidit, verum -id reliquum, quod ipse in Tusculano me referre in commentarium mea -manu voluit, quodque idem in Asia mihi sua manu scriptum dedit. Id si -praestaret, quantum mihi aeris alieni esse tibi edidit, tantum et plus -etiam mihi ipse deberet. Sed in hoc genere, si modo per rem publicam -licebit, non accusabimur posthac, neque hercule antea neglegentes -fuimus, sed amicorum multitudine occupati. Ergo utemur, ut polliceris, -et opera et consilio tuo nec tibi erimus, ut spero, in eo molesti. -De serperastris cohortis meae nihil est quod doleas. Ipsi enim se -collegerunt admiratione integritatis meae. Sed me moverat nemo magis -quam is, quem tu neminem putas. Idem et initio fuerat et nunc est -egregius. Sed in ipsa decessione significavit sperasse se aliquid et -id, quod animum induxerat paulisper, non tenuit, sed cito ad se rediit, -meisque honorificentissimis erga se officiis victus pluris ea duxit -quam omnem pecuniam. - -Ego a Curio tabulas accepi, quas mecum porto. Hortensi legata cognovi. -Nunc aveo scire, quid hominis sit et quarum rerum auctionem instituat. - - * * * * * - - Page 27 - -view, that I think he must be sorry he changed his own. But what is -this story of Lucceius' property being knocked down to him? I wonder -you passed that over. As for Philotimus I shall take your advice. But -I was not expecting from him the accounts, which he gave you: I was -expecting the balance, which he wished me to enter in my note-book with -my own hand at Tusculum, and for which he gave me in Asia a certificate -in his own hand. If he should pay up all the money he told you was -owing to me, he would still owe me as much again and even more. But, -if only politics will allow, I shall not incur blame hereafter in -matters of this kind. Indeed I have not been careless hitherto; but my -time has been taken up by a crowd of friends. I shall therefore have -your industry and advice, as you promise, and I hope I shall not be -troublesome in the matter. You have no reason to lament the treatment -that I meted to my crooked staff.[20] They pulled themselves together -in amaze at my honesty. But nobody surprised me more than the man whom -you think a nobody. From first to last he was and is splendid. But just -at my departure he showed me that he had hoped for some reward; and -yet he did not long cling to the idea which had entered his mind, but -quickly came to himself again, and overwhelmed by the honours I had -done him, regarded them as of more worth than any money. - -[20] Lit. "about the knee-splints (I gave) my staff." He refers to -restraining their rapacity. - -I have received his will from Curius and bring it with me. I know the -legacies Hortensius has to pay. Now I want to know the metal of the -man, and what properties he is putting up for sale. When - - * * * * * - - Page 28 - -Nescio enim, cur, cum portam Flumentanam Caelius occuparit, ego -Puteolos non meos faciam. - -Venio ad "Piraeea" in quo magis reprehendendus sum, quod homo Romanus -"Piraeea" scripserim, non "Piraeum" (sic enim omnes nostri locuti -sunt), quam quod addiderim "in." Non enim hoc ut oppido praeposui, sed -ut loco. Et tamen Dionysius noster et, qui est nobiscum, Nicias Cous -non rebatur oppidum esse Piraeea. Sed de re ego[21] videro. Nostrum -quidem si est peccatum, in eo est, quod non ut de oppido locutus sum, -sed ut de loco, secutusque sum non dico Caecilium: - -"Máne ut ex portu ín Piraeum" - -(malus enim auctor Latinitatis est), sed Terentium, cuius fabellae -propter elegantiam sermonis putabantur a C. Laelio scribi: - -"Heri áliquot adulescéntuli coíimus in Piraeum," - -et idem: - -"Mercátor hoc addébat, captam e Súnio." - -[21] re ego _Reid_; re _L (marg.), M (above the line)_; reo _NOPM_¹: eo -_M_². - -Quodsi δήμους oppida volumus esse, tam est oppidum Sunium quam Piraeus. -Sed, quoniam grammaticus es, si hoc mihi ξήτημα persolveris, magna me -molestia liberaris. - -Ille mihi litteras blandas mittit: facit idem pro eo Balbus. Mihi -certum est ab honestissuma sententia digitum nusquam. Sed scis, illi -reliquum quantum sit. Putasne igitur verendum esse, ne aut obiciat id -nobis aliquis, si languidius, aut repetat, si fortius? Quid ad haec -reperis? "Solvamus," inquis. Age, a - - * * * * * - - Page 29 - -Caelius has taken the Porta Flumentana,[22] I don't see why I should -not make Puteoli mine. - -[22] Caelius had bought Lucceius' property near the Porta Flumentana at -the entrance of the Campus Martius. - -Coming to the form _Piraeea_, I am more to be blamed for writing it -thus and not _Piraeum_ in Latin, as all our people do, than I am -for adding the preposition "_in_." I used "_in_" as before a word -signifying a place and not a town. After all Dionysius and Nicias of -Cos, who is with me, do not consider that the Piraeus is a town. I will -look into the question. If I have made a mistake, it is in speaking of -it not as a town but as a place, and I have authority. I do not depend -on a quotation from Caecilius: "_Máne ut ex portu in Piraeum_,"[23] as -he is a poor authority in Latinity; but I will quote Terence, whose -fine style caused his plays to be ascribed to C. Laelius "_Heri áliquot -adulescéntuli coíimus in Piraeum_," and again: "_Mercátor hoc addébat, -captam e Súnio_."[24] If we want to call parishes towns, Sunium is as -much a town as the Piraeus. But, since you are a purist, you will save -me a lot of trouble, if you can solve the problem for me. - -[23] In the morning as I disembarked in the Piraeus. - -[24] Terence, _Eun._ 539 (yesterday while some of us youths met in the -Piraeus), and 115 (The merchant added one thing more, a female slave -from Sunium). In the first the MSS. of Terence read _Piraeo_. - -Caesar sends me a friendly letter. Balbus does the same on his account. -Certainly I shall not swerve a finger's breadth from the strictest -honour; but you know how much I still owe him. Don't you think there is -fear that this may be cast in my teeth, if I am slack; and repayment -demanded from me, if I am energetic? What solution is there? - - * * * * * - - Page 30 - -Caelio mutuabimur. Hoc tu tamen consideres velim; puto enim, in senatu -si quando praeclare pro re publica dixero, Tartessium istum tuum mihi -exeunti: "Iube sodes nummos curare." - -Quid superest? Etiam. Gener est suavis mihi, Tulliae, Terentiae. -Quantumvis vel ingenii vel humanitatis: satis est[25]; reliqua, quae -nosti, ferenda. Scis enim, quos aperuerimus. Qui omnes praeter eum, de -quo per te egimus, reum me[26] facerent.[27] Ipsis enim expensum nemo -feret. Sed haec coram; nam multi sermonis sunt. Tironis reficiendi spes -est in M'. Curio; cui ego scripsi tibi eum gratissimum facturum. - -[25] satis est _Mommsen_: satis _MSS._: comitatis satis _or_ satis -dignitatis _Lehmann_. - -[26] rem _Bosius_; rem a me _Purser_. - -[27] facere rentur Δ _Bosius_; facerentur _O_². - -Data v Idus Decembr. a Pontio ex Trebulano. - - - - -IV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Pompeiano IV aut III Id. Dec. a 704_] - -Dionysium flagrantem desiderio tui misi ad te nec mehercule aequo -animo, sed fuit concedendum. Quem quidem cognovi cum doctum, quod -mihi iam ante erat notum, tum sane plenum officii, studiosum etiam -meae laudis, frugi hominem, ac, ne libertinum laudare videar, plane -virum bonum. Pompeium vidi IIII Idus Decembres. Fuimus una horas duas -fortasse. Magna laetitia mihi visus est adfici meo adventu, de - - * * * * * - - Page 31 - -"Pay up," say you. Well, I will borrow from the bank.[28] But there -is a point you might consider. If I ever make a notable speech in the -House on behalf of the constitution, your friend from Tarshish[29] will -be pretty sure to say to me as I go out: "Kindly send me a draft." - -[28] Caelius the banker is again referred to in XII, 5. - -[29] L. Cornelius Balbus of Tartessus. - -Anything else? Yes. My son-in-law is agreeable to me, to Tullia, and -to Terentia. He has any amount of native charm or shall I say culture: -and that is enough. We must put up with the faults you know of. For -you know what we have found the others to be on inspection. All of -them except the one with whom you negotiated for us would get me into -the law courts. No one will lend them money on their own security. But -this when we meet: it is a long story. My hope of Tiro's recovery lies -in M'. Curius. I have written to him that he will be doing you the -greatest favour. - -Dec. 9, at Pontius' villa at Trebula. - - - - -IV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Pompeii, Dec. 10 or 11_, B.C. _50_] - -Dionysius burned to be with you, so I sent him, with some misgivings I -must admit; but it had to be. I knew him before to be a scholar: I find -him very obliging, careful of my good name, an honest fellow, and, not -to give him a mere freedman's character, evidently a man of honour. -Pompey I interviewed on the 10th of December. We were together a matter -of two hours: he seemed greatly delighted with - - * * * * * - - Page 32 - -triumpho hortari, suscipere partes suas, monere, ne ante in senatum -accederem, quam rem confecissem, ne dicendis sententiis aliquem -tribunum alienarem. Quid quaeris? in hoc officio sermonis nihil potuit -esse prolixius. De re publica autem ita mecum locutus est, quasi -non dubium bellum haberemus. Nihil ad spem concordiae. Plane illum -a se alienatum cum ante intellegeret, tum vero proxume iudicasse. -Venisse Hirtium a Caesare, qui esset illi familiarissimus, ad se non -accessisse, et, cum ille a. d. VIII Idus Decembr. vesperi venisset, -Balbus de tota re constituisset a. d. VII ad Scipionem ante lucem -venire, multa de nocte eum profectum esse ad Caesarem. Hoc illi -τεκμηριῶδες videbatur esse alienationis. Quid multa? nihil me aliud -consolatur, nisi quod illum, cui etiam inimici alterum consulatum, -fortuna summam potentiam dederit, non arbitror fore tam amentem, ut -haec in discrimen adducat. Quodsi ruere coeperit, ne ego multa timeo; -quae non audeo scribere. Sed, ut nunc est, a. d. III Nonas Ian. ad -urbem cogito. - - - - -V - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano XV K. Ian., ut videtur, a. 704_] - -Multas uno tempore accepi epistulas tuas; quae mihi, quamquam -recentiora audiebam ex iis, qui ad me veniebant, tamen erant iucundae; -studium enim et benevolentiam declarabant. Valetudine tua moveor et -Piliam in idem genus morbi delapsam curam tibi - - * * * * * - - Page 33 - -my arrival, encouraged me about my triumph, promised to do his part, -warned me not to enter the House till my business was finished, -for fear I should make an enemy of some tribune by the opinions I -expressed. In short, promises could go no further. As to the political -situation, he hinted certain war, without hope of agreement. It -appeared that, though he had long understood there was a split between -himself and Caesar, he had had very recent proof of it. Hirtius, a -very intimate friend of Caesar's, had come and had not called on -Pompey. Besides Hirtius had arrived on the evening of the 6th of -December and Balbus had arranged a meeting with Pompey's father-in-law -before daybreak on the 7th to discuss affairs, when, lo, late on the -night before, Hirtius set out to go to Caesar. This seemed to Pompey -proof positive of a split. In a word I have no consolation except the -thought, that, when even his enemies have renewed his term of office -and fortune has bestowed on him supreme power, Caesar will not be so -mad as to jeopardize these advantages. If he begins to run amuck, my -fears are more than I can commit to paper. As things are, I meditate a -visit to town on the 3rd of January. - - - - -V - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae Dec. 16_, B.C. _50_] - -A number of your letters have reached me at the same time: and, -although visitors bring me later news, they are delightful, as they -show your affection and good will. I am concerned about your illness, -and I suppose Pilia's attack of the same complaint will increase - - * * * * * - - Page 34 - -adferre maiorem sentio. Date igitur operam, ut valeatis. De Tirone -video tibi curae esse. Quem quidem ego, etsi mirabilis utilitates -mihi praebet, cum valet, in onmi genere vel negotiorum vel studiorum -meorum, tamen propter humanitatem et modestiam malo salvum quam propter -usum meum. Philogenes mecum nihil umquam de Luscenio locatus est; de -ceteris rebus habes Dionysium. Sororem tuam non venisse in Arcanum -miror. De Chrysippo meum consilium probari tibi non moleste fero. Ego -in Tusculanum nihil sane hoc tempore; devium est τοῖς ἀπαντῶσιν et -habet alia δύσχρεστα. Sed de Formiano Tarracinam pridie Kal. Ian. Inde -Pomptinam summam, inde in Albanum Pompei. Ita ad urbem III Nonas natali -meo. - -De re publica cotidie magis timeo. Non enim boni, ut putant, -consentiunt. Quos ego equites Romanos, quos senatores vidi, qui -acerrime cum cetera tum hoc iter Pompei vituperarent! Pace opus est. -Ex victoria cum multa mala tum certe tyrannus exsistet. Sed haec prope -diem coram. Iam plane mihi deest, quod ad te scribam; nec enim de -re publica, quod uterque nostrum scit eadem, et domestica nota sunt -ambobus. - -Reliquum est iocari, si hic sinat. Nam ego is sum, qui illi concedi -putem utilius esse, quod postulat, quam signa conferri. Sero enim -resistimus ei, quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos. "Quid sentis -igitur?" inquis. Nihil scilicet nisi de sententia tua nec prius quidem, -quam nostrum negotium aut confecerimus - - * * * * * - - Page 35 - -your trouble. Both of you do your best to get well. As for Tiro I see -you are attending to him. Though when in health, he is marvellously -useful to me in every department of business and literature, it is not -a selfish motive, but his own charming character and modest bearing -that prompts my hope for his recovery. Philogenes has never said -anything to me about Luscenius. As for other matters Dionysius is with -you. I am astonished your sister has not come to Arcanum. I am glad you -approve my plan about Chrysippus. I shall not go to Tusculum at such a -time as this, not I. It is out of the way for chance _rencontres_ and -has other drawbacks. But from Formiae I go to Tarracina on the last -of December. Thence to the upper end of the Pomptine marsh: thence to -Pompey's Alban villa: and so to Rome on the 3rd, my birthday. - -The political crisis is causing me greater fear every day. The -loyalists are not, as is imagined, in agreement. I have met numbers -of Roman knights, and numbers of Members, ready to inveigh bitterly -against everything and especially this journey of Pompey's. Peace is -our want. Victory will bring many evils, and without doubt a tyrant. -But this we shall soon discuss together. I have no news at all now: -each of us knows as much as the other about political affairs, and -domestic details are for us common knowledge. - -All one can do is to jest--if _he_ will allow it. For I am one who -thinks it better to agree to his demands than to enter upon war. It is -late to resist him, when for ten years we have nurtured this viper in -our bosom. Then you ask my view. It is the same as yours; and I shall -express none till my own affairs - - * * * * * - - Page 36 - -aut deposuerimus. Cura igitur, ut valeas. Aliquando ἀπότριψαι quartanam -istam diligentia, quae in te summa est. - - - - -VI - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano XIV K. Ian., ut videtur, a. 704_] - -Plane deest, quod ad te scribam; nota omnia tibi sunt; nee ipse habeo, -a te quod exspectem. Tantum igitur nostrum illud sollemne servemus, -ut ne quem istuc euntem sine litteris dimittamus. De re publica valde -timeo, nec adhuc fere inveni, qui non concedendum putaret Caesari, -quod postularet, potius quam depugnandum. Est illa quidem impudens -postulatio, opinione valentior. Cur autem nunc primum ei resistamus? - - Οὐ γὰρ δὴ τόδε μεῖζον ἔπι κακόν - -quam cum quinquennium prorogabamus, aut cum, ut absentis ratio -haberetur, ferebamus, nisi forte haec illi tum arma dedimus, ut nunc -cum bene parato pugnaremus. Dices: "Quid tu igitur sensurus es?" Non -idem quod dicturus; sentiam enim omnia facienda, ne armis decertetur, -dicam idem quod Pompeius neque id faciam humili animo. Sed rursus hoc -permagnum rei publicae malum est, et quodam modo mihi praeter ceteros -non rectum me in tantis rebus a Pompeio dissidere. - - * * * * * - - Page 37 - -are concluded or abandoned. So be sure to get well. Apply some of your -wonderful capacity for taking pains to shaking off the fever. - - - - -VI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Dec. 17_, B.C. _50_] - -I have positively no news: all mine is known to you; and there is none -that I can look for from you. Only let me preserve my old ceremony -of letting no visitor go to you without a letter. My fears as to the -political situation are great. And so far I have found hardly a man who -would not yield to Caesar's demand sooner than fight. That demand, it -is true, is shameless, but stronger than we thought. But why should we -choose this occasion to begin resisting? - -[Sidenote: Odyssey xii, 209] - -"No greater evil threatens now" - -than when we prolonged his office for another five years; or when we -agreed to let him stand as a candidate in his absence. But perhaps we -were then giving him these weapons to turn against us now. You will -say; "What then will your view be?" My view will not be what I shall -say; for my view will be that every step should be taken to avoid a -conflict; but I shall say the same as Pompey, nor shall I be actuated -by subserviency. But again it is a very great calamity to the state, -and in a way improper to me beyond others to differ from Pompey in -matters of such importance. - - * * * * * - - Page 38 - - - - -VII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano inter XIII et X K. Ian. a. 704_] - -"Dionysius, vir optumus, ut mihi quoque est perspectus, et doctissumus -tuique amantissumus, Romam venit XV Kalend. Ian. et litteras a te mihi -reddidit." Tot enim verba sunt de Dionysio in epistula tua, illud -putato non adscribis, "et tibi gratias egit." Atqui certe ille agere -debuit, et, si esset factum, quae tua est humanitas, adscripsisses. -Mihi autem nulla de eo παλινωδία datur propter superioris epistulae -testimonium. Sit igitur sane bonus vir. Hoc enim ipsum bene fecit, quod -mihi sui cognoscendi penitus etiam istam facultatem dedit. Philogenes -recte ad te scripsit; curavit enim, quod debuit. Eum ego uti ea -pecunia volui, quoad liceret; itaque usus est menses XIIII. Pomptinum -cupio valere, et, quod scribis in urbem introisse, vereor, quid sit; -nam id nisi gravi de causa non fecisset. Ego, quoniam IIII Non. Ian. -compitalicius dies est, nolo eo die in Albanum venire, ne molestus -familiae veniam. III Non. Ian. igitur; inde ad urbem pridie Nonas. Tua -λῆψις quem in diem incurrat, nescio, sed prorsus te commoveri incommodo -valetudinis tuae nolo. - -De honore nostro nisi quid occulte Caesar per suos tribunos molitus -erit, cetera videntur esse tranquilla; tranquillissimus autem animus -meus, qui totum istuc aequi boni facit, et eo magis, quod iam a multis -audio constitutum esse Pompeio et eius concilio in Siciliam - - * * * * * - - Page 39 - - - - -VII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Dec. 18-21_, B.C. _50_] - -"Dionysius, an excellent fellow--as I too have found him--a good -scholar and your very stanch friend, arrived in Rome on the 16th of -December, and gave me a letter from you." That's all you say about -Dionysius in your letter. You do not add "and he expressed his -gratitude to you." Yet certainly he ought to have done so, and, if he -had, you would have added it with your usual good nature. I cannot make -a _volte face_ about him, owing to the character I gave him in the -former letter. Let us call him then an honest fellow. He has done me -one kindness at any rate in giving me this further chance to know him -thoroughly. Philogenes is correct in what he wrote: he duly settled -his debt. I wanted him to use the money as long as he could; so he has -used it for 14 months. I hope Pomptinus is getting well. You mention -his entrance into town. I am somewhat anxious as to what it means: he -would not have entered the city except for some good reason. As the 2nd -of January is a holiday, I don't wish to reach Pompey's Alban villa on -that date for fear I should be a nuisance to his household. I shall go -there on the 3rd, and then visit the city on the 4th. I forget on what -day the fever will attack you again; but I would not have you stir to -the damage of your health. - -As for my triumph, unless Caesar has been secretly intriguing through -his tribune partisans, all else seems smooth and easy. My mind is -absolutely at ease, and I regard the whole business with indifference, -especially as many people tell me that Pompey and his advisers - - * * * * * - - Page 40 - -me mittere, quod imperium habeam. Id est Ἀβδηριτικόν. Nec enim senatus -decrevit, nec populus iussit me imperium in Sicilia habere. Sin hoc -res publica ad Pompeium refert, qui me magis quam privatum aliquem -mittat? Itaque, si hoc imperium mihi molestum erit, utar ea porta, quam -primam videro. Nam, quod scribis mirificam exspectationem esse mei -neque tamen quemquam bonorum aut satis bonorum dubitare, quid facturus -sim, ego, quos tu bonos esse dicas, non intellego. Ipse nullos novi, -sed ita, si ordines bonorum quaerimus; nam singulares sunt boni viri. -Verum in dissensionibus ordines bonorum et genera quaerenda sunt. -Senatum bonum putas, per quem sine imperio provinciae sunt (numquam -enim Curio sustinuisset, si cum eo agi coeptum esset; quam sententiam -senatus sequi noluit; ex quo factum est, ut Caesari non succederetur), -an publicanos, qui numquam firmi, sed nunc Caesari sunt amicissimi, -an faeneratores an agricolas, quibus optatissimum est otium? nisi -eos timere putas, ne sub regno sint, qui id numquam, dum modo otiosi -essent, recusarunt. Quid ergo? exercitum retinentis, cum legis dies -transierit, rationem haberi placet? Mihi vero ne absentis quidem; sed, -cum id datum est, illud una datum est. Annorum enim decem imperium et -ita latum placet? Placet igitur etiam me expulsum et agrum Campanum - - * * * * * - - Page 41 - -have determined to send me to Sicily, because I still have military -powers. That is a muddle-headed plan.[30] For neither has the House -decreed, nor the people authorized me to have military power in Sicily. -If the state delegates the appointment to Pompey, why should he send -me rather than any unofficial person? So, if this military power is -going to be a nuisance, I shall get rid of it by entering the first -city gate I see. As for your news that there is a wonderful interest -in my arrival and that none of the "right or right enough party" -doubt as to my future action, I don't understand your phrase "the -right party." I don't know of such a party, that is if we look for a -class; of course there are individuals. But in political splits it is -classes and parties we want. Do you think the Senate is "right," when -it has left our provinces without military rule? For Curio could never -have held out, if there had been negotiations with him--a proposal -rejected by the House, which left Caesar without a successor. Is -it the tax-collectors, who have never been loyal and are now very -friendly with Caesar? Or is it the financiers or the farmers, whose -chief desire is peace? Do you suppose they will fear a king, when they -never declined one so long as they were left in peace? Well then, do -I approve of the candidature of a man who keeps his army beyond the -legal term? No, not even of his candidature in absence. But when the -one privilege was granted, the other went with it. Do I then approve of -the extension of his military power for ten years, and that carried as -it was carried? Then I should have to approve of my own banishment, the -throwing away of the Campanian land on the people, the adoption - -[30] Abdera was the classical Gotham. - - * * * * * - - Page 42 - -perisse et adoptatum patricium a plebeio, Gaditanum a Mytilenaeo, et -Labieni divitiae et Mamurrae placent et Balbi horti et Tusculanum. Sed -horum omnium fons unus est. Imbecillo resistendum fuit, et id erat -facile; nunc legiones XI, equitatus tantus, quantum volet, Transpadani, -plebes urbana, tot tribuni pl., tam perdita iuventus, tanta auctoritate -dux, tanta audacia. Cum hoc aut depugnandum est aut habenda e lege -ratio. "Depugna," inquis, "potius quam servias." Ut quid? si victus -eris, proscribare, si viceris, tamen servias? "Quid ergo," inquis, -"facturus es?" Idem quod pecudes, quae dispulsae sui generis sequuntur -greges. Ut bos armenta sic ego bonos viros aut eos, quicumque dicentur -boni, sequar, etiamsi ruent. Quid sit optimum male contractis rebus, -plane video. Nemini est enim exploratum, cum ad arma ventum sit, -quid futurum sit, at illud omnibus, si boni victi sint, nec in caede -principum clementiorem hunc fore quam Cinna fuerit, nec moderatiorem -quam Sulla in pecuniis locupletum. Συμπολιτεύομαί σοι iam dudum et -facerem diutius, nisi me lucerna desereret. Ad summam "DIC, M. TVLLI." -Adsentior Cn. Pompeio, id est T. Pomponio. - -Alexim, humanissimum puerum, nisi forte dum ego absum, adulescens -factus est (id enim agere videbatur), salvere iubeas velim. - - * * * * * - - Page 43 - -of a patrician by a plebeian, of that gentleman of Gades by the man of -Mytilene.[31] And I should have to approve of the wealth of Labienus -and Mamurra and the gardens and Tusculan estate of Balbus. But the -source of all these evils is one. We ought to have resisted him when -he was weak: that would have been easy. Now there are eleven legions, -cavalry as much as he wants, the northern tribes across the Po, the -city riff-raff, all the tribunes of the people, the young profligates, -a leader of such influence and daring. We must either fight him or -allow his candidature according to the law. "Fight," say you, "rather -than be slaves." The result will be proscription if beaten and slavery -even if one wins. "What shall I do then?" What the cattle do, who when -scattered follow flocks of their own kind. As an ox follows the herd, -so shall I follow the "right party," or whoever are said to be the -"right party," even if they rush to destruction. The best course in our -straits is clear to me. No one can tell the issue of war: but every one -can tell that, if the right party are beaten, Caesar will not be more -merciful than Cinna in slaying the nobility, nor more moderate than -Sulla in robbing the rich. I have discussed _la haute politique_ long -enough, and I would do so longer, had not my lamp gone out. The end is -"Your vote, Marcus Tullius." I vote with Pompey, that is with Titus -Pomponius. - -[31] Balbus of Gades was adopted by Theophanes of Mytilene, who had -himself received the citizenship from Pompey. - -Please remember me to Alexis, a very clever boy, unless perhaps in my -absence he has become a man, as he threatened to do. - - * * * * * - - Page 44 - - - - -VIII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano VI aut V K. Ian. a. 704_] - -Quid opus est de Dionysio tam valde adfirmare? An mihi nutus tuus non -faceret fidem? Suspicionem autem eo mihi maiorem tua taciturnitas -attulerat, quod et tu soles conglutinare amicitias testimoniis tuis, et -illum aliter cum aliis de nobis locutum audiebam. Sed prorsus ita esse, -ut scribis, mihi persuades. Itaque ego is in illum sum, quem tu me esse -vis. - -Diem tuum ego quoque ex epistula quadam tua, quam incipiente febricula -scripseras, mihi notaveram et animadverteram posse pro re nata te non -incommode ad me in Albanum venire III Nonas Ianuar. Sed, amabo te, -nihil incommodo valetudinis feceris. Quid enim est tantum in uno aut -altero die? - -Dolabellam video Liviae testamento cum duobus coheredibus esse in -triente, sed iuberi mutare nomen. Est πολιτικὸν σκέμμα, rectumne -sit nobili adulescenti mutare nomen mulieris testamento. Sed id -φιλοσοφώτερον διευκρινήσομεν, cum sciemus, quantum quasi sit in -trientis triente. - -Quod putasti fore ut, antequam istuc venirem, Pompeium viderem, factum -est ita; nam VI Kal. ad Lavernium me consecutus est. Una Formias -venimus et ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus. Quod -quaeris, ecquae spes pacificationis sit, quantum ex Pompei multo et -accurato sermone perspexi, ne voluntas quidem est. Sic enim existimat, -si ille vel dimisso exercitu consul factus sit, σύγχυσιν - - * * * * * - - Page 45 - - - - -VIII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Dec. 25 or 26_, B.C. _50_] - -There was no need for you to give such strong assurances about -Dionysius. A hint from you would have satisfied me. But your silence -gave me all the more reason for suspicion, because you are used to -cement friendships with good-natured assurances, and because I heard -that he used different language about us to others. However, your -letter convinces me. So I behave to him exactly as you wish. - -Your bad day too I had noted from a letter you wrote at the beginning -of your feverishness, and I had calculated that under the circumstances -you could conveniently meet me at the Alban villa on the 3rd of -January. But please do nothing to affect your health. A day or two will -make no difference. - -Dolabella, I see, by Livia's will shares a third of her estate with two -others, but is asked to change his name. It is a social problem whether -it is proper for a young noble to change his name under a lady's will. -But we can determine that on more scientific grounds, when we know to -how much a third of a third amounts. - -[Sidenote: Iliad xviii, 309] - -Your guess that I should meet Pompey before coming to Rome has come -true. On the 25th he overtook me near the Lavernium. We reached Formiae -together, and were closeted together from two o'clock till evening. For -your query as to the chance of a peaceful settlement, so far as I could -tell from Pompey's full and detailed discourse, he does not even want -peace. Pompey thinks that the constitution will be subverted even if -Caesar is elected consul without - - * * * * * - - Page 46 - -τῆς πολιτείας fore, atque etiam putat eum, cum audierit contra se -diligenter parari, consulatum hoc anno neglecturum ac potius exercitum -provinciamque retenturum. Sin autem ille fureret, vehementer hominem -contemnebat et suis et rei publicae copiis confidebat. Quid quaeris? -etsi mihi crebro ξυνὸς Ἐνυάλιος occurrebat, tamen levabar cura virum -fortem et peritum et plurimum auctoritate valentem audiens πολιτικῶς -de pacis simulatae periculis disserentem. Habebamus autem in manibus -Antoni contionem habitam X Kal. Ianuar., in qua erat accusatio Pompei -usque a toga pura, querela de damnatis, terror armorum. In quibus -ille "Quid censes," aiebat, "facturum esse ipsum, si in possessionem -rei publicae venerit, cum haec quaestor eius infirmus et inops audeat -dicere?" Quid multa? non modo non expetere pacem istam, sed etiam -timere visus est. Ex illa autem sententia ἰδέα[32] relinquendae urbis -movet hominem, ut puto. Mihi autem illud molestissimum est, quod -solvendi sunt nummi Caesari et instrumentum triumphi eo conferendum. -Est enim ἄμορφον ἀντιπολιτευομένου χρεωφειλέτην esse. Sed haec et multa -alia coram. - -[32] ἰδέα _Schmidt_: î _M_; ita, viv, nif, infra _other MSS._ - - - - -IX - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano V aut IV K. Ian. a. 704_] - -"Cotidiene," inquis, "a te accipiendae litterae sunt?" Si habebo, cui -dem, cotidie. "At iam ipse ades." Tum igitur, cum venero, desinam. Unas -video - - * * * * * - - Page 47 - -an army; and he fancies that when Caesar hears of the energetic -preparations against him, he will give up the idea of the consulship -this year, and prefer to keep his army and his province. Still, if -Caesar should play the fool, Pompey has an utter contempt for him, and -firm confidence in his own and the state's resources. Well, although -the "uncertainty of war" came constantly into my mind, I was relieved -of anxiety as I listened to a soldier, a strategist, and a man of the -greatest influence discoursing in a statesmanlike way on the risks of -a hollow peace. We had before us a speech of Antony made on the 21st -of December, which attacked Pompey from boyhood, complained about the -condemnation of certain people and threatened war. Pompey's comment -was "What do you suppose Caesar will do, if he becomes master of the -state, when a wretched, insignificant subordinate dares to talk in -this strain?" In a word, he appeared not only not to seek peace, but -even to fear it. But I fancy the idea of leaving the city shakes his -resolution. What annoys me most is that I have to pay up to Caesar, and -devote to the purpose what I should have used for my triumph. It is -bad form to owe money to a political opponent. But this and many other -topics can wait till we meet. - - - - -IX - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Dec. 26 or 27_, B.C. _50_] - -You ask if you are going to get a letter from me every day. Every day, -if I can find a messenger. True I am at hand myself. Well, I will stop -writing - - * * * * * - - Page 48 - -mihi a te non esse redditas, quas L. Quinctius, familiaris meus, -cum ferret, ad bustum Basili vulneratus et despoliatus est. Videbis -igitur, num quid fuerit in iis, quod me scire opus sit, et simul hoc -διευκρινήσεις πρόβλημα sane πολιτικόν. Cum sit necesse aut haberi -Caesaris rationem illo exercitum vel per senatum vel per tribunos pl. -obtinente; aut persuaderi Caesari, ut tradat provinciam atque exercitum -et ita consul fiat; aut, si id ei non persuadeatur, haberi comitia sine -illius ratione illo patiente atque obtinente provinciam; aut, si per -tribunos pl. non patiatur et tamen quiescat, rem adduci ad interregnum; -aut, si ob eam causam, quod ratio eius non habeatur, exercitum -adducat, armis cum eo contendere, illum autem initium facere armorum -aut statim nobis minus paratis, aut tum, cum comitiis amicis eius -postulantibus, ut e lege ratio habeatur, impetratum non sit, ire autem -ad arma aut hanc unam ob causam, quod ratio non habeatur, aut addita -causa, si forte tribunus pl. senatum impediens aut populum incitans -notatus aut senatus consulto circumscriptus aut sublatus aut expulsus -sit dicensve se expulsum ad illum confugerit, suscepto autem bello -aut tenenda sit urbs aut ea relicta ille commeatu et reliquis copiis -intercludendus--quod horum malorum, quorum aliquod certe subeundum est, -minimum putes. Dices profecto persuaderi illi, ut tradat exercitum et -ita consul fiat. Est omnino id eius modi, ut, si ille eo descendat, -contra dici nihil possit, idque eum, si non obtinet, ut ratio habeatur -retinentis exercitum, non - - * * * * * - - Page 49 - -when I arrive. I see I have missed one of your letters: my friend L. -Quinctius was wounded and robbed near the tomb of Basilus, while he -was bringing it. So you must see if there was any news in it I ought -to have, and you shall solve me this inevitable problem of politics to -boot. It may be necessary for us to admit Caesar as a candidate while -he keeps his army, be it by the favour of the House or the tribunes. Or -we may have to persuade him to take office on condition of giving up -his province and his troops. Or, if he will not yield to persuasion on -that point, we may refuse to admit him as a candidate at the election, -and he may endure the treatment and keep his province. Or, if he -employs the tribunes to interfere, yet keeps the peace, a political -deadlock may be brought about. Or, if he uses force, because we reject -him as a candidate, we may have to fight and he may begin at once -before we are ready, or when his friends fail to get his candidature -allowed at the elections in accordance with his legal privilege. He may -resort to arms solely on account of his rejection as a candidate, or -for a further reason, if a tribune through using obstructionist tactics -or an appeal to popular feeling incur a censure or a limitation of -power or suspension or expulsion from office, or if some tribune fly to -him with a tale of expulsion. War begun, we must either hold the city -or abandon it and cut him off from food and supplies. Of these evils -some one must be borne: consider which in your opinion is the lightest. -Of course you will say, "Induce him to give up his army and so take -the consulship." True there can be no objection to that, if he will -condescend, and I wonder he does not, if he cannot get his candidature -supported - - * * * * * - - Page 50 - -facere miror. Nobis autem, ut quidam putant, nihil est timendum magis -quam ille consul. "At sic malo," inquies, "quam cum exercitu." Certe; -sed istud ipsum "sic" magnum malum putat aliquis, neque ei remedium est -ullum. "Cedendum est, si id volet." Vide consulem illum iterum, quem -vidisti consulatu priore. "At tum imbecillus plus," inquis, "valuit -quam tota res publica." Quid nunc putas? et eo consule Pompeio certum -est esse in Hispania. O rem miseram! si quidem id ipsum deterrimum -est, quod recusari non potest, et quod ille si faciat, iam iam a bonis -omnibus summam ineat gratiam. Tollamus igitur hoc, quo illum posse -adduci negant; de reliquis quid est deterrimum? Concedere illi, quod, -ut idem dicit, impudentissime postulat. Nam quid impudentius? Tenuisti -provinciam per annos decem, non tibi a senatu, sed a te ipso per vim et -per factionem datos; praeteriit tempus non legis, sed libidinis tuae, -fac tamen legis; ut succedatur, decernitur; impedis et ais: "Habe meam -rationem." Habe tu nostram. Exercitum tu habeas diutius, quam populus -iussit, invito senatu? "Depugnes oportet, nisi concedis." Cum bona -quidem spe, ut ait idem, vel vincendi vel in libertate moriendi. Iam, -si pugnandum est, quo tempore, in casu, quo consilio, in temporibus -situm est. Itaque te in ea quaestione non exerceo; ad ea, quae dixi, -adfer, si quid habes. Equidem dies noctesque torqueor. - - * * * * * - - Page 51 - -while he keeps his army. But for us some think that nothing could be -worse than Caesar in office. You may say, "Better so, than with an -army." Certainly: but Pompey thinks that very "so" fatal, and there is -no remedy for it. "We must submit to Caesar's will." But imagine him -in office again after your experience of his former tenure. You will -reflect that, weak as he was, he was too strong for the constitution. -What about him now? And now, if Caesar is consul, Pompey will remain in -Spain. What a plight! since the worst of all is the very alternative -which we cannot refuse him, and the one which, if he takes it, will of -itself win him the favour of the right party. This course it is said -he will not accept; let us put it out of court. Which is the worst -of the remaining alternatives? To concede his impertinent demand, as -Pompey terms it? Impertinent it is indeed. You have had a province for -ten years, not allotted by the Senate, but by yourself through force -and insubordination. This term, not a legal term, but a term of your -own will and pleasure--or say, this legal term--comes to an end. The -House passes a decree for the appointment of a successor. You object -and cry, "Consider my candidature." Consider our case. Are you to dare -the House and keep your army longer than the nation sanctions? "You -must fight or yield." Then as Pompey says, let us hope for victory, -or death with freedom. If we must fight, the time depends on chance, -the plan of campaign on circumstances. So I do not trouble you on that -point. But make any suggestion you can on my remarks. Day and night I -am tormented. - - * * * * * - - Page 52 - - - - -X - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. ad urbem XIV sub noctem aut XIII ante lucem K. Febr. -a. 705_] - -Subito consilium cepi, ut, antequam luceret, exirem, ne qui conspectus -fieret aut sermo, lictoribus praesertim laureatis. De reliquo neque -hercule quid agam neque quid acturus sim, scio; ita sum perturbatus -temeritate nostri amentissimi consilii. Tibi vero quid suadeam, cuius -ipse consilium exspecto? Gnaeus noster quid consilii ceperit capiatve, -nescio, adhuc in oppidis coartatus et stupens. Omnes, si in Italia -consistat, erimus una; sin cedet, consilii res est. Adhuc certe, nisi -ego insanio, stulte omnia et incaute. Tu, quaeso, crebro ad me scribe, -vel quod in buccam venerit. - - - - -XI - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Campania inter XIV et IX K. Febr. a. 705_] - -Quaeso, quid est hoc? aut quid agitur? Mihi enim tenebrae sunt. -"Cingulum," inquit, "nos tenemus, Anconem amisimus; Labienus discessit -a Caesare." Utrum de imperatore populi Romani an de Hannibale loquimur? -O hominem amentem et miserum, qui ne umbram quidem umquam τοῦ καλοῦ -viderit! Atque haec ait omnia facere se dignitatis causa. Ubi est -autem dignitas nisi ubi honestas? Honestum igitur habere exercitum -nullo publico consilio, occupare urbes civium, quo facilior sit aditus -ad patriam, χρεῶν ἀποκοπάς, φυγάδων καθόδους, sescenta alia scelera -moliri, - - * * * * * - - Page 53 - - - - -X - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Near Rome, Jan. 17 or 18_, B.C. _49_] - -I have suddenly determined to leave town before daybreak, so that -I may escape sightseers and gossips, especially with my bay-decked -lictors. For the rest, what to do now or later, upon my word, I do not -know: I am so upset by our rash and lunatic policy. What advice can I -offer you, when it is to you I look for advice? I know not what plan -Pompey has made or is making: so far he is cooped up in the towns, -paralysed. If he makes his stand in Italy, we shall all be together: if -he retires, it will be a matter for debate. So far certainly, unless I -have lost my wits, his policy has been rash and foolish. Please write -to me often, just what comes into your head. - - - - -XI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _In Campania, Jan. 17-22_, B.C. _49_] - -What in the name of wonder is this? What is happening? I am in the -dark. People say, "Cingulum is ours, Ancona is lost, Labienus has -deserted from Caesar." Are we talking of a Roman officer or of -Hannibal? Wretched madman never to have seen the shadow even of right! -Yet all this, he says, is done to support his honour. Can there be -honour without honesty: and is it honest to retain an army without -sanction, to seize the cities of your country that you may strike the -better at her heart, to contrive abolition of debts, the restoration of -exiles, and scores of other crimes, - - * * * * * - - Page 54 - - - τὴν θεῶν μεγίστην ὥστ' ἔχειν τυραννίδα----; - -Sibi habeat suam fortunam! Unam mehercule tecum apricationem in illo -lucrativo tuo sole malim quam omnia istius modi regna vel potius mori -miliens quam semel istius modi quicquam cogitare. "Quid, si tu velis?" -inquis. Age, quis est, cui velle non liceat? Sed ego hoc ipsum "velle" -miserius esse duco quam in crucem tolli. Una res est ea miserior, -adipisci, quod ita volueris. Sed haec hactenus. Libenter enim in his -molestiis ἐνσχολάζω τόσον.[33] - -[33] COCON _MSS._: τόσον _Tyrrell, Purser_; σοι _Vict._ - -Redeamus ad nostrum. Per fortunas! quale tibi consilium Pompei videtur? -hoc quaero, quod urbem reliquerit. Ego enim ἀπορῶ. Tum nihil absurdius. -Urbem tu relinquas? ergo idem, si Galli venirent? "Non est," inquit, -"in parietibus res publica." At in aris et focis. "Fecit Themistocles." -Fluctum enim totius barbariae ferre urbs una non poterat. At idem -Pericles non fecit annum fere post quinquagesimum, cum praeter moenia -nihil teneret; nostri olim urbe reliqua capta arcem tamen retinuerunt. - - Οὕτο που τῶν πρόσθεν ἐπευθόμεθα κλέα ἀνδρῶν. - -Rursus autem ex dolore municipali sermonibusque eorum, quos convenio, -videtur hoc consilium exitum habiturum. Mira hominum querela est -(nescio an[34] - -[34] an _added by Ernesti_. - - * * * * * - - Page 55 - - -"To win God's greatest gift, a crown?" - -[Sidenote: Euripides, _Phoenissae_, 516] - -Well, let him keep his fortune. For my part, let me bask one hour in -your clime's free gift of[35] sunlight, rather than win any kingdom -of that sort. Better a thousand times to die than once to meditate -such villainy. "Suppose you conceive a desire for it," you say. Desire -is free to anyone; but I would rather be crucified than have such a -desire. There is only one worse fate, to obtain your desire. But enough -of this. It eases me to philosophize a trifle in our present straits. - -[35] Or "precious." The meaning is very doubtful. - -To come back to Pompey. What, in heaven's name, do you think of his -plan? I mean his desertion of Rome. I don't know what to make of it. -Besides nothing could be more ridiculous. Leave the city? Would you -then have done the same if the Gauls were coming? He may object that -the state does not consist of lath and plaster. But it does consist of -hearths and altars. "Themistocles abandoned Athens." Yes, because one -city could not stand the flood of all the barbarians of the East. But -Pericles did not desert her about fifty years later, though he held -nothing but the walls. Once too our ancestors lost the rest of Rome, -but they kept the citadel. - - "Such were the deeds they did, men say, - The heroes of an elder day." - -[Sidenote: Iliad ix, 529] - -On the other hand to judge from the indignation in the towns and the -talk of my acquaintances, it looks to me as if Pompey's flight would be -a success. Here there is an extraordinary outcry (whether in - - * * * * * - - Page 56 - -istic, sed facies, ut sciam) sine magistratibus urbem esse, sine -senatu. Fugiens denique Pompeius mirabiliter homines movet. Quid -quaeris? alia causa acta est. Nihil iam concedendum putant Caesari. -Haec tu mihi explica qualia sint. - -Ego negotio praesum non turbulento. Vult enim me Pompeius esse, quem -tota haec Campania et maritima ora habeat ἐπίσκοπον, ad quem dilectus -et summa negotii referatur. Itaque vagus esse cogitabam. Te puto -iam videre, quae sit ὁρμὴ Caesaris, qui populus, qui totius negotii -status. Ea velim scribas ad me, et quidem, quoniam mutabilia sunt, quam -saepissime. Acquiesco enim et scribens ad te et legens tua. - - - - -XII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Formiis X K. Febr. a. 705_] - -Unam adhuc a te epistulam acceperam datam XII Kal., in qua -significabatur aliam te ante dedisse, quam non acceperam. Sed quaeso, -ut scribas quam saepissime, non modo si quid scies aut audieris, sed -etiam si quid suspicabere, maximeque quid nobis faciendum aut non -faciendum putes. Nam, quod rogas, curem, ut scias, quid Pompeius agat, -ne ipsum quidem scire puto; nostrum quidem nemo. Vidi Lentulum consulem -Formiis X Kal., vidi Libonem; plena timoris et erroris omnia. Ille iter -Larinum; ibi enim cohortes et Luceriae et Teani reliquaque in Apulia. -Inde - - * * * * * - - Page 57 - -Rome also, I do not know: please tell me) at the city being left -without magistrates and without the House. In fact Pompey's flight has -made a marvellous stir. Men's attitude is really quite different: they -object to any concession to Caesar. Explain to me what it all means. - -My task is peaceful. Pompey wishes me to act as surveyor over the whole -of the Campanian coast, to superintend the levy and all important -business. So I expect to be a wanderer. I imagine you realize Caesar's -policy, the temper of the people and the condition of affairs. Pray -keep me informed, and, since things are in a changeable condition, as -often as possible. It soothes me to write to you and read your letters. - - - - -XII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Jan. 21_, B.C. _49_] - -So far I have received one letter from you dated the 19th. In it you -state that you sent me another; but it has not reached me. I entreat -you, write to me as often as possible, not only what you shall know -or hear, but even anything you may suspect; and especially give me -your opinion as to what I ought or ought not to do. As to your request -for information on Pompey's policy, I don't think he knows himself; -certainly none of us know. I saw Lentulus the consul at Formiae on the -21st. I saw Libo. Everywhere there is panic and confusion. Pompey is on -the road to Larinum; for there are cohorts there and also at Luceria -and Teanum and in the rest of Apulia. No one knows whether he - - * * * * * - - Page 58 - -utrum consistere uspiam velit an mare transire, nescitur. Si manet, -vereor, ne exercitam firmum habere non possit; sin discedit, quo aut -qua, aut quid nobis agendum sit, nescio. Nam istum quidem, cuius -φαλαρισμὸν times, omnia taeterrime facturum puto. Nec eum rerum -prolatio nec senatus magistratuumque discessus nec aerarium clausum -tardabit. Sed haec, ut scribis, cito sciemus. - -Interim velim mihi ignoscas quod ad te scribo tam multa totiens. -Acquiesco enim, et tuas volo elicere litteras, maximeque consilium, -quid agam aut quo me pacto geram. Demittamne me penitus in causam? Non -deterreor periculo, sed dirumpor dolore, Tamne nullo consilio aut tam -contra meum consilium gesta esse omnia! An cuncter et tergiverser, -et eis me dem, qui tenent, qui potiuntur? Αἰδέομαι Τρῶας nec solum -civis, sed etiam amici officio revocor; etsi frangor saepe misericordia -puerorum. Ut igitur ita perturbato, etsi te eadem sollicitant, scribe -aliquid, et maxime, si Pompeius Italia cedit, quid nobis agendum putes. -M'. quidem Lepidus (nam fuimus una) eum finem statuit, L. Torquatus -eundem. Me cum multa tum etiam lictores impediunt. Nihil vidi umquam, -quod minus explicari posset. Itaque a te nihildum certi exquiro, sed -quid videatur. Denique ipsam ἀπορίαν tuam cupio cognoscere. Labienum -ab illo discessisse prope modum constat. Si ita factum esset, ut ille -Romam veniens magistratus et senatum - - * * * * * - - Page 59 - -will make a stand anywhere or cross the sea. If he remains in Italy, -I fear it is impossible for him to have a reliable army. If he leaves -Italy, where he will go or stay, and what we are to do I don't know. -For I imagine that Caesar, whom you fear may be a Phalaris, will stick -at no abominations. He will not be deterred by adjournment of public -business, the departure of members and magistrates and the closure of -the treasury. But, as you say, we shall know soon. - -Meanwhile forgive me for writing so much and so often; it soothes -me, and I wish to extract letters from you, and especially advice as -to where to go and what to do. Shall I give myself up heart and soul -to the good cause? I am not terrified by the danger, but tortured -by the anguish. To think that everything has been done with such a -lack of plan, or so contrary to my plan! Or shall I hesitate and play -the turncoat, and join the party that holds the field? "I fear the -Trojans," and I am held back not only by my duty as a citizen, but by -my duty as a friend; though I am often shaken by pity for the boys. So -write a line to me in my distress, although you have the same worries; -and especially as to what you think I should do, if Pompey leaves -Italy. I have met M'. Lepidus and he draws the line there; so does L. -Torquatus. There are many obstacles before me, including my lictors. -I have never seen such an intricate tangle. So I do not look to you -for positive advice: but only for your opinion. In fact I want to know -how the dilemma presents itself to you. It is practically certain that -Labienus has left Caesar. If it could have been arranged that he could -meet magistrates and Senate on his arrival at - - * * * * * - - Page 60 - -Romae offenderet, magno usui causae nostrae fuisset. Damnasse enim -sceleris hominem amicum rei publicae causa videretur, quod nunc quoque -videtur, sed minus prodest. Non enim habet, cui prosit, eumque arbitror -paenitere, nisi forte id ipsum est falsum, discessisse illum. Nos -quidem pro certo habebamus. - -Et velim, quamquam, ut scribis, domesticis te finibus tenes, formam -mihi urbis exponas, ecquod Pompei desiderium, ecquae Caesaris invidia -appareat, etiam quid censeas de Terentia et Tullia, Romae eas esse an -mecum an aliquo tuto loco. Haec et si quid aliud ad me scribas velim -vel potius scriptites. - - - - -XIII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Menturnis IX K. Febr. a. 705_] - -De Vennonianis rebus tibi assentior. Labienum ἥρωα iudico. Facinus iam -diu nullum civile praeclarius, qui, ut aliud nihil, hoc tamen profecit, -dedit illi dolorem. Sed etiam ad summam profectum aliquid puto. Amo -etiam Pisonem. Cuius iudicium de genero suspicor visum iri grave. -Quamquam, genus belli quod sit, vides. Ita civile est, ut non ex civium -dissensione, sed ex unius perditi civis audacia natum sit. Is autem -valet exercitu, tenet multos spe et promissis, omnia omnium concupivit. -Huic tradita urbs est nuda praesidio, referta copiis. Quid est, - - * * * * * - - Page 61 - -Rome, he would have been of great service to our cause. Loyalty it -would have appeared had made him regard his friend a traitor: it -appears so as it is, but it is of less use. For there is no cause to -serve, and I imagine that he is sorry at leaving Caesar, unless perhaps -the report is false. Myself I think it true. - -And please give me a sketch of city affairs, though according to your -account you keep to your house. Is Pompey missed? Does Caesar seem -disliked? What do you think about Terentia and Tullia? Should they -remain in Rome, or join me, or seek some refuge? On these and any other -topics pray write to me, I mean write often. - - - - -XIII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Menturnae, Jan. 22_, B.C. _49_] - -In the matter of Vennonius I agree with you. Labienus I consider a -hero. There has been no public action of such distinction for a long -time. If he has done nothing else, he has at least hurt Caesar's -feelings. But I think he has served our main interests as well. I am -delighted too with Piso. His judgement on his son-in-law[36] should -carry weight. However, you see the nature of our struggle. It is civil -war, though it has not sprung from division among our citizens, but -from daring of one abandoned citizen. He is strong in military forces, -he attracts adherents by hopes and promises, he covets the whole -universe. Rome is delivered to him stripped of defenders, stocked with -supplies: one may - -[36] Caesar. - - * * * * * - - Page 62 - -quod ab eo non metuas, qui illa templa et tecta non patriam, sed -praedam putet? Quid autem sit acturus aut quo modo, nescio, sine -senatu, sine magistratibus. Ne simulare quidem poterit quicquam -πολιτικῶς. Nos autem ubi exsurgere poterimus aut quando? Quorum dux -quam ἀστρατήγητος, tu quoque animadvertis, cui ne Picena quidem nota -fuerint; quam autem sine consilio, res testis. Ut enim alia omittam -decem annorum peccata, quae condicio non huic fugae praestitit? Nec -vero, nunc quid cogitet, scio ac non desino per litteras sciscitari. -Nihil esse timidius constat, nihil perturbatius. Itaque nec praesidium, -cuius parandi causa ad urbem retentus est, nec locum ac sedem praesidii -ullam video. Spes omnis in duabus insidiose retentis paene alienis -legionibus. Nam dilectus adhuc quidem invitorum est et a pugnando -abhorrentium. Condicionum autem amissum tempus est. Quid futurum sit, -non video; commissum quidem a nobis certe est sive a nostro duce, ut e -portu sine gubernaculis egressi tempestati nos traderemus. - -Itaque de Ciceronibus nostris dubito quid agam; nam mihi interdum -amandandi videntur in Graeciam; de Tullia autem et Terentia, cum -mihi barbarorum adventus ad urbem proponitur, omnia timeo; cum autem -Dolabellae venit in mentem, paulum respiro. Sed velim consideres, quid -faciendum putes primum πρὸς τὸ ἀσφαλές (aliter enim mihi de illis ac -de me ipso consulendum est), deinde ad opiniones, ne reprehendamur, -quod eas Romae velimus esse in communi bonorum fuga. Quin etiam tibi et -Peducaeo (scripsit enim ad me), quid faciatis, videndum est. Is enim - - * * * * * - - Page 63 - -fear anything from a man who regards her temples and her homes not as -his native land, but as his loot. What he will do, and how he will do -it, in the absence of House and magistrates, I do not know. He will be -unable even to pretend constitutional methods. But where can our party -raise its head or when? You, too, remark how poor a soldier our leader -is; why, he did not even know how things were in Picenum; and the -crisis shows his lack of policy. Pass over other faults of the last ten -years. What compromise were not better than this flight? I do not know -what he is thinking of doing now, though I inquire by constant letters. -It is agreed that his alarm and confusion has reached the limit. He -was kept in Italy to garrison Rome, but no garrison or place to post a -garrison can I see. We depend entirely on two legions that were kept -here by a trick, and are practically disloyal. For so far the levy has -found unwilling recruits, afraid of war. But the time of compromise is -passed. The future is obscure. We, or our leader, have brought things -to such a pass, that having put to sea without a rudder, we must trust -to the mercy of the storm. - -So I hesitate what to do with the boys. Sometimes I think of sending -them to Greece. As for Tullia and Terentia, when I picture the approach -of the barbarians on Rome, I am terrified. But the thought of Dolabella -is some small relief to my mind. Please consider my best course, in -the first place with an eye to safety, for their safety stands on a -different footing to mine, and then with regard to possible criticism, -if I leave them in Rome, when the loyal are all in flight. Even you and -Peducaeus must be careful what you do, as he writes to me. For your - - * * * * * - - Page 64 - -splendor est vestrum, ut eadem postulentur a vobis quae ab amplissimis -civibus. Sed de hoc tu videbis, quippe cum de me ipso ac de meis te -considerare velim. - -Reliquum est, ut, et quid agatur, quoad poteris, explores scribasque -ad me, et quid ipse coniectura assequare, quod etiam a te magis -exspecto. Nam acta omnibus nuntiantibus, a te exspecto futura. Μάντις -δ' ἄριστος--. Loquacitati ignosces, quae et me levat ad te quidem -scribentem et elicit tuas litteras. Aenigma Oppiorum ex Velia plane non -intellexi; est enim numero Platonis obscurius.[37] - -[37] Aenigma--obscurius, _transferred by O. E. Schmidt from the -beginning of XIIIa_. - - - - -XIIIa - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Menturnis VIII K. Febr. a. 705_] - -Iam intellexi tuum; Oppios enim de Velia saccones dicis. In eo aestuavi -diu. Quo aperto reliqua patebant et cum Terentiae summa congruebant. L. -Caesarem vidi Menturnis a. d. VIII Kal. Febr. mane cum absurdissimis -mandatis, non hominem, sed scopas solutas, ut id ipsum mihi ille -videatur irridendi causa fecisse, qui tantis de rebus huic mandata -dederit; - - * * * * * - - Page 65 - -eminence is such that people will expect the same from you as from -the most distinguished citizens. But you are capable of looking after -yourself. Why, it is to you that I look for advice about myself and my -family. - -For the rest, you must discover, as far as you can, what is happening, -and write to me. Add your conjectures, too, for I look forward still -more eagerly to them. Anybody can inform me of what has happened. From -you I hope to hear what will happen. "The prince of seers...."[38] -Pardon my chatter. It is a relief to write to you, and it gets me a -letter from you. I am at a loss to explain your riddle about the Oppii -of Velia; it is darker than Plato's number.[39] - -[38] The line--in full μάντις δ'ἄριστος ὅστις εἰκάζει καλῶς--is taken -from a lost tragedy of Euripides. - -[39] The "nuptial number" of the _Republic_, 545c foll. - - - - -XIIIa - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Menturnae, Jan 23_, B.C. _49_] - -I understand it now, you call those pursy Oppii the bagmen of -Velia.[40] I was in doubt for a long time. But the riddle solved, the -rest became clear, and tallied with Terentia's reckoning. I met L. -Caesar at Menturnae on the morning of the 23rd of January with the -most ridiculous commission. He is not a man, but a broom untied. I -imagine that Caesar is mocking us by sending such a commissioner on so -important business; but perhaps the fellow has no - -[40] The Oppii were bankers. If _saccones_ is read, it must be taken -as a jocular reference to money-bags. Some, however, read _succones_ -"blood-suckers," suggesting an obscure play upon the words ὀπός (fig -juice) and _sucus_. - - * * * * * - - Page 66 - -nisi forte non dedit, et hic sermone aliquo arrepto pro mandatis abusus -est. - -Labienus, vir mea sententia magnus, Teanum venit a. d. VIIII Kal. -Ibi Pompeium consulesque convenit. Qui sermo fuerit, et quid actum -sit, scribam ad te, cum certum sciam. Pompeius a Teano Larinum versus -profectus est a. d. VIII Kal. Eo die mansit Venafri. Iam aliquantum -animi videtur nobis attulisse Labienus. Sed ego nondum habeo, quod ad -te ex his locis scribam; ista magis exspecto, quid illim adferatur, quo -pacto de Labieno ferat, quid agat Domitius in Marsis, Iguvi Thermus, P. -Attius Cinguli, quae sit populi urbani voluntas, quae tua coniectura de -rebus futuris. Haec velim crebro, et quid tibi de mulieribus nostris -placeat, et quid acturus ipse sis, scribas. Si scriberem ipse, longior -epistula fuisset, sed dictavi propter lippitudinem. - - - - -XIV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Calibus a. d. VI K. Febr. a. 705_] - -A. d. VI Kal. Febr. Capuam Calibus proficiscens, cum leviter lippirem, -has litteras dedi. L. Caesar mandata Caesaris detulit ad Pompeium a. -d. VIII Kal., cum is esset cum consulibus Teani. Probata condicio -est, sed ita, ut ille de eis oppidis, quae extra suam provinciam -occupavisset, praesidia deduceret. Id si fecisset, responsum est ad -urbem nos redituros esse et rem per senatum confecturos. Spero posse -in praesentia pacem nos habere; nam et illum furoris et hunc nostrum -copiarum suppaenitet. Me Pompeius - - * * * * * - - Page 67 - -authority, and is palming off some chance conversation as a commission. - -Labienus, my hero, arrived at Teanum on the 22nd, where he met Pompey -and the consuls. As soon as I have positive news, I will inform you of -what they have said and done. Pompey set out from Teanum for Larinum -on the 23rd. He spent that day at Venafrum. At last Labienus has given -us some encouragement, but I have no news from this quarter. Rather -I expect news from you of Caesar's doings, how he takes Labienus' -desertion, what Domitius is doing among the Marsi, Thermus at Iguvium, -and P. Attius at Cingulum, what is the city's feeling, and what are -your views as to the future. Please write me often on these topics, and -give me your opinion about my women-folk and your own intentions. Were -I writing myself this letter would have been longer, but I dictate it -owing to inflammation of the eyes. - - - - -XIV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cales, Jan. 25_, B.C. _49_] - -On the 25th of January, setting out from Cales to Capua, I write this -letter, though still suffering from slight inflammation of the eyes. L. -Caesar brought Caesar's ultimatum to Pompey on the 23rd, while Pompey -was at Teanum with the consuls. His conditions were accepted with the -reservation that he should withdraw his garrison from the towns he -has occupied outside his own province. That done, they said, we would -return to Rome and settle business in the House. I hope for the present -we may have peace: Caesar is rather sorry for his madness, and Pompey - - * * * * * - - Page 68 - -Capuam venire voluit et adiuvare dilectum; in quo parum prolixe -respondent Campani coloni. Gladiatores Caesaris, qui Capuae sunt, de -quibus ante ad te falsum ex A. Torquati litteris scripseram, sane -commode Pompeius distribuit binos singulis patribus familiarum. -Scutorum in ludo IↃↃ fuerunt. Eruptionem facturi fuisse dicebantur. -Sane multum in eo rei publicae provisum est. - -De mulieribus nostris, in quibus est tua soror, quaeso videas, ut -satis honestum nobis sit eas Romae esse, cum ceterae illa dignitate -discesserint. Hoc scripsi ad eas et ad te ipsum antea. Velim eas -cohortere, ut exeant, praesertim cum ea praedia in ora maritima -habeamus, cui ego praesum, ut in iis pro re nata non incommode possint -esse. Nam, si quid offendimus in genero nostro--quod quidem ego -praestare non debeo--sed id fit maius, quod mulieres nostrae praeter -ceteras Romae remanserunt. Tu ipse cum Sexto scire velim quid cogites -de exeundo de totaque re quid existimes. Equidem pacem hortari non -desino; quae vel iniusta utilior est quam iustissimum bellum cum -civibus. Sed haec, ut fors tulerit. - - - - -XV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Capuae V K. Febr. a. 705_] - -Ut ab urbe discessi, nullum adhuc intermisi diem, quin aliquid ad te -litterarum darem, non quo haberem - - * * * * * - - Page 69 - -is uneasy as to our forces. I am wanted at Capua to assist the levy. -The settlers in Campania are hanging back. As for Caesar's professional -fighting men at Capua, about whom I misinformed you on the authority -of A. Torquatus, Pompey has very cleverly distributed them two a-piece -to heads of families. There were 5,000 heavy armed gladiators in the -school. They were said to meditate a sortie. Pompey's was a wise -provision for the safety of the state. - -As for my women-folk, among whom is your sister, I entreat you to -consider the propriety of their stay at Rome, when the other ladies -of their rank have departed. I wrote to them and to you on this point -previously. Please urge them to leave the city, especially as I have -those estates on the sea-coast, which is under my care, so that they -can live there without much inconvenience, considering the state of -affairs. For, if I give offence by the conduct of my son-in-law (though -I am not his keeper), the fact that my women-folk stay in Rome after -others have left makes matters worse. I should like to know what you -and Sextus think about leaving town, and to have your opinion of -matters in general. As for me, I cease not to advocate peace. It may be -on unjust terms, but even so it is more expedient than the justest of -civil wars. However, I can but leave it to fate. - - - - -XV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Capua, Jan. 26_, B.C. _49_] - -Since I left Rome I have not yet let a day pass without dropping you a -line; not that I had any - - * * * * * - - Page 70 - -magno opere, quod scriberem, sed ut loquerer tecum absens; quo mihi, -cum coram id non licet, nihil est iucundius. - -Capuam cum venissem a. d. VI Kal. pridie, quam has litteras dedi, -consules conveni multosque nostri ordinis. Omnes cupiebant Caesarem -abductis praesidiis stare condicionibus iis, quas tulisset; uni Favonio -leges ab illo nobis imponi non placebat. Sed is haud auditus[41] -in consilio. Cato enim ipse iam servire quam pugnare mavult; sed -tamen ait in senatu se adesse velle, cum de condicionibus agatur, -si Caesar adductus sit, ut praesidia deducat. Ita, quod maxime opus -est, in Siciliam ire non curat; quod metuo ne obsit, in senatu esse -vult. Postumius autem, de quo nominatim senatus decrevit, ut statim -in Siciliam iret Furfanioque succederet, negat se sine Catone iturum -et suam in senatu operam auctoritatemque quam magni aestimat. Ita -res ad Fannium pervenit. Is cum imperio in Siciliam praemittitur. In -disputationibus nostris summa varietas est. Plerique negant Caesarem -in condicione mansurum postulataque haec ab eo interposita esse, quo -minus, quod opus esset ad bellum, a nobis pararetur. Ego autem eum puto -facturum, ut praesidia deducat. Vicerit enim, si consul factus erit, et -minore scelere vicerit, quam quo ingressus est. Sed accipienda plaga -est. Sumus enim flagitiose imparati cum a militibus tum a pecunia; quam -quidem omnem non modo privatam, quae in urbe est, sed etiam publicam, -quae in aerario est, illi reliquimus. Pompeius ad legiones Appianas[42] -est profectus; Labienum secum habet. Ego tuas opiniones de his rebus -exspecto. Formias me continuo recipere cogitabam. - -[41] haud auditus _Bosius_: auditus auditus _M_: a nullo auditus -_Müller_. - -[42] Appianas _Lipsius_: acianas _M_¹: actianas _M_²: Attianas _most -editors_. - - * * * * * - - Page 71 - -particular news, but I wanted to talk with you in my absence. When we -cannot talk face to face, there is nothing I like better. - -I reached Capua yesterday, the 25th, where I met the consuls and many -fellow-members. All hope that Caesar will abide by his conditions, -accepting the withdrawal of his garrisons: only Favonius objects to -his dictating to us. But no one listened to him. For even Cato now -prefers slavery to war: but he wants to be in the House when the terms -are debated, if Caesar can be induced to withdraw his garrisons. So he -does not care to do what would be most useful, and go to Sicily: and -he wants to be in the House, where I fear he will cause trouble. The -Senate definitely decreed that Postumius should set out for Sicily at -once and succeed Furfanius. Postumius replied he would not go without -Cato; he has a great idea of his own value and influence in the House. -So choice fell on Fannius; he is dispatched to Sicily with military -power. In our debates there is great difference of opinion. Most -declare that Caesar will not stick to his compact, and that his demands -were only introduced to hinder our preparations for war. I fancy, -however, that he will withdraw his garrisons. For he will win his -point, if he is elected consul, and win it with less scandal than by -his first course. But the blow must be borne. We are sinfully unready -in men and money: for we have left him not only our private purses -in the city, but the state funds in the treasury. Pompey along with -Labienus has set out for Appius' legions. I want your views on this. I -think of returning to Formiae at once. - - * * * * * - - Page 72 - - - - -XVI - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Calibus III K. Febr. a. 705_] - -Omnes arbitror mihi tuas litteras redditas esse, sed primas -praepostere, reliquas ordine, quo sunt missae per Terentiam. De -mandatis Caesaris adventuque Labieni et responsis consulum ac Pompei -scripsi ad te litteris iis, quas a. d. V Kal. Capua dedi, pluraque -praeterea in eandem epistulam conieci. Nunc has exspectationes habemus -duas, unam, quid Caesar acturus sit, cum acceperit ea, quae referenda -ad illum data sunt L. Caesari, alteram, quid Pompeius agat. Qui quidem -ad me scribit paucis diebus se firmum exercitum habiturum, spemque -adfert, si in Picenum agrum ipse venerit, nos Romam redituros esse. -Labienum secum habet non dubitantem de imbecillitate Caesaris copiarum; -cuius adventu Gnaeus noster multo animi plus habet. Nos a consulibus -Capuam venire iussi sumus ad Nonas Febr. - -Capua profectus sum Formias a. d. III Kal. Eo die cum Calibus tuas -litteras hora fere nona accepissem, has statim dedi. De Terentia et -Tullia tibi adsentior. Ad quas scripseram, ad te ut referrent. Si -nondum profectae sunt, nihil est, quod se moveant, quoad perspiciamus, -quo loci sit res. - - - - -XVII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano IV Non. Febr. a. 705_] - -Tuae litterae mihi gratae iucundaeque sunt. De pueris in Graeciam -transportandis tum cogitabam, - - * * * * * - - Page 73 - - - - -XVI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cales, Jan. 28_, B.C. _49_] - -I think all your letters reached me, but the first out of proper -order, the others as they were dispatched by Terentia. About Caesar's -ultimatum, the arrival of Labienus, and the reply of Pompey and the -consuls, I informed you in my letter of the 26th of January from Capua, -and I threw in a deal of other information besides. Now we have two -things to wait for, first what Caesar will do on receipt of the terms -given to L. Caesar to convey to him, and secondly what Pompey is doing -now. Pompey indeed writes to me that in a few days he will have a -strong force, and he encourages me to hope, that, if he enters Picenum, -we shall return to Rome. Labienus accompanies him, confident in the -weakness of Caesar's forces. His arrival has much encouraged Pompey. -The consuls have ordered me to go to Capua by the 5th of February. - -I set out from Capua for Formiae on the 28th of January. On receipt of -your letter at Cales on that day about three o'clock I write this by -return. As for Terentia and Tullia I agree with you, and I have written -to them to consult you. If they have not yet started, there is no -reason for them to bestir themselves, till we see how things are. - - - - -XVII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 2_, B.C. _49_] - -Your welcome letter I received with delight. I thought of sending the -boys to Greece when Pompey's - - * * * * * - - Page 74 - -cum fuga ex Italia quaeri videbatur. Nos enim Hispaniam peteremus; -illis hoc aeque commodum non erat. Tu ipse cum Sexto etiam nunc mihi -videris Romae recte esse posse; etenim minime amici Pompeio nostro esse -debetis. Nemo enim umquam tantum de urbanis praediis detraxit. Videsne -me etiam iocari? - -Scire iam te oportet, L. Caesar quae response referat a Pompeio, quas -ab eodem ad Caesarem ferat litteras. Scriptae enim et datae ita sunt, -ut proponerentur in publico. In quo accusavi mecum ipse Pompeium, qui, -cum scriptor luculentus esset, tantas res atque eas, quae in omnium -manus venturae essent, Sestio nostro scribendas dederit. Itaque nihil -umquam legi scriptum σηστιωδέστερον. Perspici tamen ex litteris Pompei -potest nihil Caesari negari omniaque ei cumulate, quae postulet, -dari. Quae ille amentissimus fuerit nisi acceperit, praesertim cum -impudentissime postulaverit. Quis enim tu es, qui dicas: "Si in -Hispaniam profectus erit, si praesidia dimiserit"? Tamen conceditur -minus honeste nunc quidem violata iam ab illo re publica illatoque -bello, quam si olim de ratione habenda impetrasset. Et tamen vereor, -ut his ipsis contentus sit. Nam, cum ista mandata dedisset L. Caesari, -debuit esse paulo quietior, dum responsa referrentur; dicitur autem -nunc esse acerrimus. - -Trebatius quidem scribit se ab illo VIIII Kal. Febr. - - * * * * * - - Page 75 - -flight from Italy seemed likely. For I myself should have gone to -Spain, but it would not have been so suitable for them. I fancy you and -Sextus may well stay in Rome even now; for you are not in the least -bound to be Pompey's friends: no one has ever depreciated city property -so much as Pompey. I must have my joke still, you see. - -You should know already the reply that Pompey is sending by Lucius -Caesar, and the nature of his letter to Caesar; for it was written and -sent on purpose to be published. Mentally I blamed Pompey who, though a -clear writer himself, gave Sestius the task of drawing up documents of -such importance, which were to come into every one's hands. Accordingly -I have never seen anything more Sestian in its style.[43] Still it is -plain from the letter that nothing can be denied to Caesar, and that -the whole bulk of his demands are to be granted. He will be utterly mad -to reject the terms, particularly when his demands are most impudent. -Pray, who are you, Caesar, to insist "Provided Pompey go to Spain, -provided he dismiss his garrisons"? Still the demand is being granted, -but it has cost us more loss of dignity now that he has outraged the -sanctity of the state and waged war against it, than if he had obtained -his previous request to be admitted a candidate. And yet I fear he may -want more. For when he entrusted his ultimatum to L. Caesar, he should -have kept a little quiet until he received a reply. But he is said now -to be more energetic than ever. - -[43] Cf. Catullus xliv for comments on Sestius' style. Sestius was -defended by Cicero in 56 B.C. with a speech which is extant. - -Trebatius indeed writes to me that Caesar requested - - * * * * * - - Page 76 - -rogatum esse, ut scriberet ad me, ut essem ad urbem, nihil ei me -gratius facere posse. Haec verbis plurimis. Intellexi ex dierum -ratione, ut primum de discessu nostro Caesar audisset, laborare eum -coepisse, ne omnes abessemus. Itaque non dubito, quin ad Pisonem, quin -ad Servium scripserit; illud admiror, non ipsum ad me scripsisse, non -per Dolabellam, non per Caelium egisse. Quamquam non aspernor Trebati -litteras; a quo me unice diligi scio. Rescripsi ad Trebatium (nam ad -ipsum Caesarem, qui mihi nihil scripsisset, nolui), quam illud hoc -tempore esset difficile; me tamen in praediis meis esse neque dilectum -ullum neque negotium suscepisse. In quo quidem manebo, dum spes -pacis erit; sin bellum geretur, non deero officio nec dignitati meae -pueros ὑπεκθέμενος in Graeciam. Totam enim Italiam flagraturam bello -intellego. Tantum mali est excitatum partim ex improbis, partim ex -invidis civibus. Sed haec paucis diebus ex illius ad nostra responsa -responsis intellegentur quorsum evasura sint. Tum ad te scribam plura, -si erit bellum; sin otium aut[44] etiam indutiae, te ipsum, ut spero, -videbo. - -[44] otium aut _Tyrrell and Purser_: autem _MSS._ - -Ego IIII Nonas Febr., quo die has litteras dedi, in Formiano, quo Capua -redieram, mulieres exspectabam. Quibus quidem scripseram tuis litteris -admonitus, ut Romae manerent. Sed audio maiorem quendam in urbe timorem -esse. Capuae Nonis Febr. esse volebam, quia consules iusserant. -Quicquid huc erit a Pompeio allatum, statim ad te scribam tuasque de -istis rebus litteras exspectabo. - - * * * * * - - Page 77 - -him on the 22nd of January to write and beg me to remain near the -city; that would win me his best thanks. All this at great length. I -calculated from the date, that as soon as he heard of my departure -Caesar began to be concerned lest we should all go from town. So I have -no doubt he wrote to Piso and to Servius. One thing surprises me that -he did not write to me himself, or approach me through Dolabella or -Caelius. However, I am not offended at a letter from Trebatius, who is -my particular wellwisher. I would not reply to Caesar himself, as he -had not written to me; but I wrote to Trebatius how difficult such a -course would be at this juncture, but that I was staying on my country -estates, and had not undertaken any part in the levy or any business. -To this I will stand so long as there is any prospect of peace; but, if -it comes to war, I shall act as becomes my duty and rank, after stowing -away my boys to Greece. For all Italy, I gather, will blaze with war. -Such a catastrophe is caused partly by disloyalty, partly by jealousy -amongst her citizens. The outcome will be known in a few days from -Caesar's answer to our letter. Then, if it be war, I will write again: -if it be peace or a respite, I shall hope to see you. - -On the 2nd of February, the date of this letter, I await my women-folk -in my place at Formiae, whence I have returned from Capua. I wrote to -them on your advice to stay in Rome. But I hear that panic has rather -increased there. I want to be at Capua on the 5th of February, as the -consuls have ordered. Any news we get here from Pompey I will let you -know at once, and I shall look to letters from you for news from the -city. - - * * * * * - - Page 78 - - - - -XVIII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano III Non. Febr. a. 705_] - -IIII Non. Febr. mulieres nostrae Formias venerunt tuaque erga se -officia plena tui suavissimi studii ad me pertulerunt. Eas ego, quoad -sciremus, utrum turpi pace nobis an misero bello esset utendum, in -Formiano esse volui et una Cicerones. Ipse cum fratre Capuam ad -consules (Nonis enim adesse iussi sumus) III Nonas profectus sum, cum -has litteras dedi. - -Responsa Pompei grata populo et probata contioni esse dicuntur. Ita -putaram. Quae quidem ille si repudiarit, iacebit; si acceperit--. -"Utrum igitur," inquies, "mavis"? Responderem, si, quem ad modum parati -essemus, scirem. Cassium erat hic auditum expulsum Ancona eamque urbem -a nobis teneri. Si bellum futurum est, negotium utile. Caesarem quidem -L. Caesare cum mandatis de pace misso tamen aiunt acerrime dilectum -habere, loca occupare, vincire praesidiis. O perditum latronem! o vix -ullo otio compensandam hanc rei publicae turpitudinem! Sed stomachari -desinamus, tempori pareamus, cum Pompeio in Hispaniam eamus. Haec -opto[45] in malis, quoniam illius alterum consulatum a re publica ne -data quidem occasione reppulimus. Sed haec hactenus. - -[45] optima _Lipsius and recent editors_. - - * * * * * - - Page 79 - - - - -XVIII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 3_, B.C. _49_] - -On the 2nd of February my women-folk came to Formiae and brought me an -account of your very kind and zealous attentions. I wished them to stay -in my villa here along with the boys, till we know whether we are to -have peace with dishonour, or war with its horrors. I and my brother -start for Capua on the 3rd of February, the date of this letter, to -meet the consuls on the 5th according to their instructions. - -Pompey's reply to Caesar is said to please the people, and to have won -the approval of a public meeting. I expected it. If Caesar rejects -this condition, he will fall in esteem: if he accept----. You will -ask my choice in the matter. I would answer, if I knew our state of -preparation. It is reported here that Cassius has been driven from -Ancona, and that our party hold the town. That will be a useful thing -in the event of war. As for Caesar, though he has sent L. Caesar -with negotiations for peace, nevertheless reports declare that he is -collecting levies with the greatest energy, seizing posts, and securing -the country with garrisons. What a villain robber! What a disgrace to -the country, too dear a price to pay for any peace! But let us restrain -our anger, yield to circumstance and accompany Pompey to Spain. That -is my choice in our straits, since we did not take the chance when we -had it of keeping him from his second consulship.[46] But enough of -politics. - -[46] Or "since we refused him his second consulship, when we had no -choice in the matter." - - * * * * * - - Page 80 - - -De Dionysio fugit me ad te antea scribere; sed ita constitui, -exspectare responsa Caesaris, ut, si ad urbem rediremus, ibi nos -exspectaret, sin tardius id fieret, tum eum arcesseremus. Omnino, quid -ille facere debuerit in nostra illa fuga, quid docto homine et amico -dignum fuerit, cum praesertim rogatus esset, scio, sed haec non nimis -exquiro a Graecis. Tu tamen videbis, si erit, quod nolim, arcessendus, -ne molesti simus invito. - -Quintus frater laborat, ut tibi, quod debet, ab Egnatio solvat; nec -Egnatio voluntas deest, nec parum locuples est, sed, cum tale tempus -sit, ut Q. Titinius (multum enim est nobiscum) viaticum se neget habere -idemque debitoribus suis denuntiarit, ut eodem faenore uterentur, atque -hoc idem etiam L. Ligus fecisse dicatur, nec hoc tempore aut domi -nummos Quintus habeat aut exigere ab Egnatio aut versuram usquam facere -possit, miratur te non habuisse rationem huius publicae difficultatis. -Ego autem, etsi illud ψευδησιόδειον (ita enim putatur) observo μηδὲ -δίκην, praesertim in te, a quo nihil umquam vidi temere fieri, tamen -illius querela movebar. Hoc quicquid est, te scire volui. - - * * * * * - - Page 81 - - -It escaped my memory to write to you about Dionysius before: but my -determination is this, to await Caesar's answer, so that, if I return -to Rome, Dionysius may await me there; but, if there is delay, then I -would summon him. I am quite aware of what he ought to have done when I -took to flight, what was proper for a scholar and a friend, especially -when he had been asked to do it: but I do not expect much from a Greek. -But please see, if I have to summon him, which I hope I shall not, that -I may not be troubling a reluctant man. - -My brother Quintus is anxious to give you a draft on Egnatius for the -money he owes, and Egnatius is willing and has plenty of cash; but when -the times are such that Q. Titinius,[47] whom I see often, declares he -has no money to get along with, and yet has told his debtors that they -may let their debts stand over at the same rate of interest as before, -and when L. Ligus too is said to have taken the same steps, and Quintus -at the present time has no money in hand, and is unable to borrow from -Egnatius or to raise a new loan anywhere, he is surprised that you -have not taken into account our national straits. Though I observe the -saying wrongly ascribed to Hesiod "Hear both sides,"[48] particularly -in the case of yourself, whom I have always found considerate, still I -was affected by his grievance. You ought to know his grievance, such as -it is. - -[47] An _eques_ and a money-lender. - -[48] μηδὲ δίκην δικάσῃς πρὶν ἃν ἀμφοῖν μῦθον ἀκούσῃς, generally -ascribed to Phocylides. - - * * * * * - - Page 82 - - - - -XIX - -CICERO ATTICO. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano III Non. Febr. a. 705._] - -Nihil habeo, quod ad te scribam, qui etiam eam epistulam, quam eram -elucubratus, ad te non dederim. Erat enim plena spei bonae, quod et -contionis voluntatem audieram et illum condicionibus usurum putabam, -praesertim suis. Ecce tibi III Nonas Febr. mane accepi litteras tuas, -Philotimi, Furni, Curionis ad Furnium, quibus irridet L. Caesaris -legationem. Plane oppressi videmur, nec, quid consilii capiam, scio. -Nec mehercule de me laboro, de pueris quid agam, non habeo. Capuam -tamen proficiscebar haec scribens, quo facilius de Pompei rebus -cognoscerem. - - - - -XX - -CICERO ATTICO. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Capuae Non. Febr. a. 705_] - -Breviloquentem iam me tempus ipsum facit. Pacem enim desperavi, bellum -nostri nullum administrant. Cave enim putes quicquam esse minoris his -consulibus: quorum ego spe audiendi aliquid et cognoscendi nostri -apparatus maximo imbri Capuam veni pridie Nonas, ut eram iussus. Illi -autem nondum venerant, sed erant venturi inanes, imparati. Gnaeus autem -Luceriae dicebatur esse et adire cohortes legionum Appianarum[49] non -firmissimarum. At illum - -[49] Appianarum _Lipsius cf._ 15. 3: itinarum _M_¹: itinerum _M_²: -Attianarum _older editors_. - - * * * * * - - Page 83 - - - - -XIX - -CICERO TO ATTICUS. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 3_, B.C. _49_] - -I have no news for you, and have not even sent you my lucubration of -last night: for that was a letter full of good cheer, because I had -heard of the temper shown at the public meeting, and thought that -Caesar would abide by terms which were in fact his own. But now on -this, the morning of the 3rd of February, I have got a letter from you, -one from Philotimus, one from Furnius, and one from Curio to Furnius -ridiculing the mission of L. Caesar. We appear to be crushed utterly, -nor do I know what plan to take. I am not indeed in trouble about -myself, it is the boys that put me in a dilemma. Still I am setting out -for Capua, as I write this, that I may more easily get to know Pompey's -affairs. - - - - -XX - -CICERO TO ATTICUS. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 5_, B.C. _49_] - -The occasion makes me brief. I have abandoned hope of peace: but our -party takes no steps for war. Pray don't suppose that there is anything -of less concern to our present consuls than the war. I came to Capua -on the 4th according to instructions, in heavy rain, with the hope of -hearing something from them and getting to know of our equipment. They -had not yet arrived, but were expected, emptyhanded, unprepared. Pompey -was reported to be at Luceria and close to some cohorts[50] of the shaky - -[50] Or "and some cohorts are approaching." - - * * * * * - - Page 84 - -ruere nuntiant et iam iamque adesse, non ut manum conserat -(quicum enim?), sed ut fugam intercludat. Ego autem in Italia καὶ -συναποθανεῖν--nec te id consulo; sin extra, quid ago? Ad manendum -hiems, lictores, improvidi et neglegentes duces, ad fugam hortatur -amicitia Gnaei, causa bonorum, turpitudo coniungendi cum tyranno; qui -quidem incertum est Phalarimne an Pisistratum sit imitaturus. Haec -velim explices et me iuves consilio; etsi te ipsum istic iam calere -puto, sed tamen, quantum poteris. Ego si quid hic hodie novi cognoro, -scies; iam enim aderunt consules ad suas Nonas. Tuas cotidie litteras -exspectabo; ad has autem, cum poteris, rescribes. Mulieres et Cicerones -in Formiano reliqui. - - - - -XXI - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Calibus VI Id. Febr. ante lucem a. 705_] - -De malis nostris tu prius audis quam ego. Istim enim emanant. Boni -autem hinc quod exspectes, nihil est. Veni Capuam ad Nonas Febr., -ita ut iusserant consules. Eo die Lentulus venit sero. Alter consul -omnino non venerat VII Idus. Eo enim die ego Capua discessi et mansi -Calibus. Inde has litteras postridie ante lucem dedi. Haec, Capuae dum -fui, cognovi, nihil in consulibus, nullum usquam dilectum. Nec enim -conquisitores φαινοπροσωπεῖν audent, cum - - * * * * * - - Page 85 - -Appian troops. Caesar is said to be tearing along, and is nearly on -us, not to join battle--there is no one to join it with--but to cut -us off from flight. Now, if it is to be in Italy, I am ready to die -with her--and on that I need not ask your advice: but if the struggle -is beyond her borders, what am I to do? The winter, my lictors, -the improvidence and neglect of the leaders prompt me to stay: my -friendship with Pompey, the cause of the loyalists, the disgrace of -association with a tyrant, prompt me to flee. One cannot say whether -that tyrant will choose Phalaris or Pisistratus as his model. Please -unravel this and assist me with your advice. Though I suppose you are -in a warm corner in Rome, still help me to the best of your ability. I -will advise you if anything new crops up here to-day. The consuls will -arrive on the 5th as arranged. I shall look for a letter every day: but -answer this one as soon as you can. I have left the ladies and the boys -at Formiae. - - - - -XXI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cales, Feb. 8_, B.C. _49_] - -Of our troubles you hear sooner than I. It is from your quarter they -come. No good news can be expected from here. I reached Capua on the -5th of February, as the consuls bade. Lentulus arrived late in the day. -The other consul had not arrived at all on the 7th: for on that day I -left Capua and stayed at Cales. On the 8th before daybreak I dispatch -you this letter from there. The discovery I made at Capua was that no -reliance is to be placed on the consuls, and that no levy is being made -anywhere. For recruiting officers do not dare to show their faces - - * * * * * - - Page 86 - -ille adsit, contraque noster dux nusquam sit, nihil agat, nec nomina -dant. Deficit enim non voluntas, sed spes. Gnaeus autem noster (o -rem miseram et incredibilem!) ut totus iacet! Non animus est, non -consilium, non copiae, non diligentia. Mittam illa, fugam ab urbe -turpissimam, timidissimas in oppidis contiones, ignorationem non -solum adversarii, sed etiam suarum copiarum; hoc cuius modi est? VII -Idus Febr. Capuam C. Cassius tribunus pl. venit, attulit mandata ad -consules, ut Romam venirent, pecuniam de sanctiore aerario auferrent, -statim exirent. Urbe relicta redeant; quo praesidio? deinde exeant; -quis sinat? Consul ei rescripsit, ut prius ipse in Picenum. At illud -totum erat amissum; sciebat nemo praeter me ex litteris Dolabellae. -Mihi dubium non erat, quin ille iam iamque foret in Apulia, Gnaeus -noster in navi. - -Ego quid agam σκέμμα magnum--neque mehercule mihi quidem ullum, nisi -omnia essent acta turpissime, neque ego ullius consilii particeps--sed -tamen quod me deceat. Ipse me Caesar ad pacem hortatur; sed antiquiores -litterae, quam ruere coepit. Dolabella, Caelius me illi valde satis -facere. Mira me ἀπορία - - * * * * * - - Page 87 - -when Caesar is at hand, and our leader is nowhere to be found and -takes no action. No one enlists. It is not good will that is lacking, -but hope. What an inconceivable plight is Pompey's, and how utterly -he has broken down! He has neither spirit nor plan, nor forces, nor -energy. I say nothing of his most disgraceful flight from the city, -his timorous speeches in the towns, his ignorance not only of the -strength of his opponent but of his own forces: but what of this? On -the 7th of February C. Cassius the tribune came to Capua, and brought -an order to the consuls to come to Rome, carry off the money from the -reserve treasury[51] and leave at once. On quitting the city they are -to return--but they have no escort: then there is the getting out -of the city--who is going to give them leave? Lentulus replied that -Pompey must first come to Picenum. No one except myself knows it; but -Dolabella has written to me that that district is totally lost. I have -no doubt but that Caesar is on the point of entering Apulia and that -Pompey is on board ship. - -[51] This reserve fund was said to have been founded originally to meet -a possible invasion of the Gauls. It was made up from spoils in war -and from the 5 per cent tax on manumitted slaves. It was drawn upon in -the second Punic War (cf. Livy XXVII, 11). Caesar (_Bellum Civ._ 14) -says the consuls intended to open it before they left Rome; but fled in -haste at a report of his approach. - -What I am to do is a big problem. It would be no problem for me at -all, if everything had not been disgracefully managed; and I had no -part in the plan: still my proper course is a problem. Caesar himself -invites to peace: but the letter is dated before he began to run amuck. -Dolabella and Caelius declare that he is well satisfied with me. I am -at my wits' - - * * * * * - - Page 88 - -torquet. Iuva me consilio, si potes, et tamen ista, quantum potes, -provide. Nihil habeo tanta rerum perturbatione, quod scribam. Tuas -litteras exspecto. - - - - -XXII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano VI Id. Febr. vesperi aut V Id. mane a. -705_] - -Pedem in Italia video nullum esse, qui non in istius potestate sit. -De Pompeio scio nihil, eumque, nisi in navim se contulerit, exceptum -iri puto. O celeritatem incredibilem! huius autem nostri--sed non -possum sine dolore accusare eum, de quo angor et crucior. Tu caedem -non sine causa times, non quo minus quicquam Caesari expediat ad -diuturnitatem victoriae et dominationis, sed video, quorum arbitrio sit -acturus. Recte sit. Censeo cedendum. De Oppiis eis[52] egeo consilii. -Quod optimum factu videbitur, facies. Cum Philotimo loquere atque -adeo Terentiam habebis Idibus. Ego quid agam? qua aut terra aut mari -persequar eum, qui ubi sit, nescio? Etsi terra quidem qui possum? mari -quo? Tradam igitur isti me? Fac posse tuto (multi enim hortantur), num -etiam honeste? Nullo modo. Equidem a te petam consilium, ut soleo. -Explicari res non potest; sed tamen, si quid in mentem venit, velim -scribas, et ipse quid sis acturus. - -[52] cedendum de oppidis iis. _M. The correction_ Oppiis _is due to -Boot_. - - * * * * * - - Page 89 - -end. Assist me with your advice, if you can, but guard against events -as much as possible. I have nothing to say in such an anxious crisis: -but I am looking for your letter. - - - - -XXII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, the evening of Feb. 8 or morning of Feb. 9_, B.C. -_49_] - -I see there is not a foot of ground in Italy which is not in Caesar's -power. I have no news of Pompey, and I imagine he will be captured -unless he has taken to the sea. What marvellous dispatch! While our -leader--: but it grieves me to blame him, as I am in an agony of -suspense on his account. There is reason for you to fear butchery, not -that anything could be less advantageous to secure Caesar a lasting -victory and power; but I see on whose advice he will act. I hope it -will be all right; and I think we shall have to yield. As regards the -Oppii I have no suggestion to make. Do what you think best. You should -speak with Philotimus, and besides you will have Terentia on the 13th. -What can I do? In what land or on what sea can I follow a man, when I -don't know where he is? After all how can I follow on land, and by sea -whither? Shall I then surrender to Caesar? Suppose I could surrender -with safety, as many advise, could I surrender with honour? By no -means. I will ask your advice as usual. The problem is insoluble. -Still, if anything comes into your head, please write; and let me know -what you will do yourself. - - * * * * * - - Page 90 - - - - -XXIII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano V Id. Febr. vesp. aut IV Id. mane a. 705_] - -V Idus Febr. vesperi a Philotimo litteras accepi Domitium exercitum -firmum habere, cohortes ex Piceno Lentulo et Thermo ducentibus cum -Domiti exercitu coniunctas esse, Caesarem intercludi posse eumque id -timere, bonorum animos recreatos Romae, improbos quasi perculsos. Haec -metuo equidem ne sint somnia, sed tamen M'. Lepidum, L. Torquatum, -C. Cassium tribunum pl. (hi enim sunt nobiscum, id est in Formiano) -Philotimi litterae ad vitam revocaverunt. Ego autem illa metuo ne -veriora sint, nos omnes paene iam captos esse, Pompeium Italia cedere; -quem quidem (o rem acerbam!) persequi Caesar dicitur. Persequi Caesar -Pompeium? quid? ut interficiat? O me miserum! Et non omnes nostra -corpora opponimus? In quo tu quoque ingemiscis. Sed quid faciamus? -Victi, oppressi, capti plane sumus. - -Ego tamen Philotimi litteris lectis mutavi consilium de mulieribus. -Quas, ut scripseram ad te, Romam remittebam; sed mihi venit in mentem -multum fore sermonem me iudicium iam de causa publica fecisse; -qua desperata quasi hunc gradum mei reditus esse, quod mulieres -revertissent. De me autem ipso tibi adsentior, ne me dem incertae et -periculosae fugae, cum rei publicae nihil prosim, nihil Pompeio; pro -quo emori cum pie possum tum lubenter. Manebo igitur, etsi vivere--. - - * * * * * - - Page 91 - - - - -XXIII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, the evening of Feb. 9 or the morning of Feb. 10_, -B.C. _49_] - -On the evening of the 9th of February, I got a letter from Philotimus, -declaring that Domitius has a reliable force, the cohorts from Picenum -under the command of Lentulus and Thermus have joined his army, Caesar -can be cut off and fears the contingency, and the hopes of loyalists -at Rome have been restored, and those of the other party dashed. I am -afraid this may be a dream; but still the news revived M'. Lepidus, L. -Torquatus and C. Cassius the tribune of the plebs--for they are with -me, that is at Formiae. I fear the truer version may be that we are now -all practically prisoners, that Pompey is leaving Italy, pursued it is -said by Caesar. What a bitter thought! Caesar pursue Pompey! What, to -slay him? Woe is me! And we do not all throw our bodies in the way! You -too are sorry about it. But what can we do? We are beaten, ruined and -utterly captive. - -Still the perusal of Philotimus' letter has caused me to change my plan -about the women-folk. I wrote you I was sending them back to Rome: but -it has come into my mind that there would be a deal of talk, that I had -now come to a decision on the political situation; and that in despair -of success the return of the ladies of my house was as it were one step -towards my own return. As for myself, I agree with you that I should -not commit myself to the danger and uncertainty of flight, seeing that -it would avail nothing to State or Pompey, for whom I would dutifully -and gladly die. So I shall stay, though life--. - - * * * * * - - Page 92 - - -Quod quaeris, hic quid agatur, tota Capua et omnis hic dilectus iacet; -desperata res est, in fuga omnes sunt, nisi qui deus iuverit,[53] ut -Pompeius istas Domiti copias cum suis coniungat. Sed videbamur omnia -biduo triduove scituri. Caesaris litterarum exemplum tibi misi; rogaras -enim. Cui nos valde satis facere multi ad me scripserunt; quod patior -facile, dum ut adhuc nihil faciam turpiter. - -[53] nisi qui deus iuverit _Tyrrell_: nisi quid eius fuerit _M_: nisi -quid eius modi fuerit _Ascensius_. - - - - -XXIV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano IV Id. Febr. a. 705_] - -Philotimi litterae me quidem non nimis, sed eos, qui in his locis -erant, admodum delectarunt. Ecce postridie Cassii litterae Capua a -Lucretio, familiari eius, Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse. Eum dicere -Vibullium cum paucis militibus e Piceno currere ad Gnaeum, confestim -insequi Caesarem, Domitium non habere militum III milia. Idem scripsit -Capua consules discessisse. Non dubito quin Gnaeus in fuga sit; modo -effugiat. Ego a consilio fugiendi, ut tu censes, absum. - - - - -XXV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano IV aut III Id. Febr. a. 705_] - -Cum dedissem ad te litteras tristes et metuo ne veras de Lucreti ad -Cassium litteris Capua missis, Cephalio venit a vobis. Attulit etiam -a te litteras hilariores nec tamen firmas, ut soles. Omnia facilius -credere possum, quam quod scribitis, Pompeium exercitum habere. Nemo -huc ita adfert omniaque, quae - - * * * * * - - Page 93 - - -For your query as to the state of affairs in this quarter, Capua -and the levy are in stagnation: our cause is despaired of: every -one is in flight, unless some god help Pompey to join that army of -Domitius with his own. It would seem that we shall know all in a day -or so. As requested I send you a copy of Caesar's letter. Many of my -correspondents say that he is quite satisfied with me. I can allow -that, provided I continue to do nothing to stain my honour. - - - - -XXIV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 10_, B.C. _49_] - -Philotimus' letter delighted me little, but those who are here -considerably. Well, on the very next day a letter of Cassius from his -friend Lucretius at Capua announced that Nigidius, an emissary of -Domitius, had reached Capua, bringing news that Vibullius with a few -soldiers was hurrying in from Picenum to Pompey's camp, that Caesar -was pursuing rapidly and that Domitius had less than 3000 men. The -letter stated that the consuls had left Capua. I am sure Pompey must be -fleeing: I only hope he may escape. I accept your advice and have no -intention of flight myself. - - - - -XXV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 10 or 11_, B.C. _49_] - -After I had sent you a despondent and, I fear, true report about the -letter Lucretius dispatched to Cassius from Capua, Cephalio came to me -from you with a letter more cheerful, but not as decided as usual. Any -news is more credible than your news of Pompey having an army. No one -brings such a - - * * * * * - - Page 94 - -nolim. O rem miseram! malas causas semper obtinuit, in optima concidit. -Quid dicam nisi illud eum scisse (neque enim erat difficile), hoc -nescisse? Erat enim ars difficilis recte rem publicam regere. Sed iam -iamque omnia sciemus et scribemus ad te statim. - - - - -XXVI - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano XV K. Mart. a. 705_] - -Non venit idem usu mihi, quod tu tibi scribis, "quotiens exorior." -Ego enim nunc paulum exorior et maxime quidem iis litteris, quae Roma -adferuntur de Domitio, de Picentium cohortibus. Omnia erant facta hoc -biduo laetiora. Itaque fuga, quae parabatur, repressa est; Caesaris -interdicta: - -"Si te secundo lumine hic offendero--" - -respuuntur; bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est. - -Quod me amicissime admones, ut me integrum, quoad possim, servem, -gratum est; quod addis, ne propensior ad turpem causam videar, certe -videri possum. Ego me ducem in civili bello, quoad de pace ageretur, -negavi esse, non quin rectum esset, sed quia, quod multo rectius -fuit, id mihi fraudem tulit. Plane eum, cui noster alterum consulatum -deferret et triumphum (at quibus verbis! "pro tuis rebus[54] gestis -amplissimis"), inimicum habere nolueram. Ego scio, et quem metuam et -quam ob rem. Sin erit - -[54] pro tuis rebus _Lambinus_; ut prorsus _M_. - - * * * * * - - Page 95 - -report here, but every kind of unwelcome news. It is a sorry thought -that Pompey has always won in a bad cause, but fails in the best of -causes. The only solution is that he knew the ropes in the former -(which is not a difficult accomplishment), but did not in the latter. -It is a difficult art to rule a republic in the right way. At any -moment we may know all, and I will write you immediately. - - - - -XXVI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 15_, B.C. _49_] - -I have not had what you say is your experience:--"as often as my hopes -revive." Only now are mine reviving a little, and especially over -letters from Rome about Domitius and the squadrons of Picenum. Things -have become more cheerful in the last two days. I have given up my -preparation for flight. I spurn Caesar's threat: "If I shall meet thee -here to-morrow morn."[55] The news about Domitius is good, that about -Afranius is splendid. - -[55] From a Latin translation of Euripides, _Medea_, 352. - -Thanks for your very friendly advice, not to commit myself more than I -can help. You add a caution against showing a leaning towards the wrong -party: well, I confess I may seem to. I refused to take a leading part -in civil war, so long as there were negotiations for peace, not because -the war was unjust, but because former action of mine in a still juster -cause did me harm. I had no desire at all to excite the enmity of a man -to whom our leader offered a second consulship, and a triumph too with -the fulsome flattery "on account of your brilliant achievements." I -know whom I have to fear and why. - - * * * * * - - Page 96 - -bellum, ut video fore, partes meae non desiderabuntur. - -De HS X̅X̅ Terentia tibi rescripsit. Dionysio, dum existimabam vagos -nos fore, nolui molestus esse; tibi autem crebro ad me scribenti -de eius officio nihil rescripsi, quod diem ex die exspectabam, ut -statuerem, quid esset faciendum. Nunc, ut video, pueri certe in -Formiano videntur hiematuri. Et ego? Nescio. Si enim erit bellum, cum -Pompeio esse constitui. Quod habebo certi, faciam, ut scias. Ego bellum -foedissimum futurum puto, nisi qui, ut tu scribis, Parthicus casus -exstiterit. - - * * * * * - - Page 97 - -But if the war I foresee comes, I shall not fail to play my part. - -About that £180,[56] Terentia sent you an answer. I did not want to -trouble Dionysius, so long as I expected to be a wanderer. I gave no -answer to your repeated letters about the man's duty, because daily I -was expecting to settle what should be done. Now as far as I can see, -my boys will certainly winter at Formiae. And I? I don't know. For, if -war comes, I am determined to be with Pompey. I will keep you informed -of reliable news. I fancy there will be a most terrible war, unless, as -you remark, some Parthian incident occur again.[57] - -[56] 20,000 sesterces. - -[57] I.e. a sudden retreat of Caesar, like that of the Parthians. Cf. -VI, 6. - - * * * * * - - Page 98 - - - - -M. TULLI CICERONIS - -EPISTULARUM AD ATTICUM - -LIBER OCTAVUS - - - - -I - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Formiis XIV K. Mart. a. 705_] - -Cum ad te litteras dedissem, redditae mihi litterae sunt a Pompeio. -Cetera de rebus in Piceno gestis, quae ad se Vibullius scripsisset, -de dilectu Domiti, quae sunt vobis nota nec tamen tam laeta erant in -iis litteris, quam ad me Philotimus scripserat. Ipsam tibi epistulam -misissem, sed iam subito fratris puer proficiscebatur. Cras igitur -mittam. Sed in ea Pompei epistula erat in extremo ipsius manu: "Tu -censeo Luceriam venias. Nusquam eris tutius." Id ego in eam partem -accepi, haec oppida atque oram maritimam illum pro derelicto habere, -nec sum miratus eum, qui caput ipsum reliquisset, reliquis membris non -parcere. Ei statim rescripsi hominemque certum misi de comitibus meis, -non me quaerere, ubi tutissimo essem. Si me vellet sua aut rei publicae -causa Luceriam venire, statim esse venturum; hortatusque sum, ut oram -maritimam retineret, si rem frumentariam sibi ex provinciis suppeditari -vellet. Hoc me frustra scribere videbam; sed uti in urbe retinenda -tunc sic nunc in Italia non relinquenda testificabar sententiam meam. -Sic enim parari video, ut Luceriam omnes copiae contrahantur, et ne is -quidem locus sit stabilis, sed ex eo ipso, si urgeamur, paretur fuga. - - * * * * * - - Page 99 - - - - -CICERO'S LETTERS - -TO ATTICUS - -BOOK VIII - - - - -I - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 16_, B.C. _49_] - -After I sent you my letter, I got one from Pompey. The rest of it was -about what has happened in Picenum, as reported to him by Vibullius in -a note, and about Domitius' levy. That you know already: but in this -letter things were not so grand as in Philotimus' letter. I would have -sent you Pompey's note itself, but my brother's man set out in a hurry, -so I will send it to-morrow. Pompey added a P.S. in his own hand, "I -think you should come to Luceria. You won't be safer anywhere else." -I understood him to mean that he counts as lost the towns here and -the coast. I don't wonder that a man who has given up the head should -throw away the limbs. I sent a reply by return, by the hands of a sure -messenger, that I was not concerned about where I should be safest, -and that I would come to Luceria immediately, if his or the public -interest demanded it. I entreated him to hold the coast, if he wanted -supplies of corn from the provinces. I saw I was writing in vain: but I -wanted to put on record now my opinion about not abandoning Italy, as -I had done before about holding Rome. Evidently all forces are to be -collected at Luceria, and not even there as a permanent base, but as a -starting point for flight, if hard pressed. - - * * * * * - - Page 100 - - -Quo minus mirere, si invitus in eam causam descendo, in qua neque pacis -neque victoriae ratio quaesita sit umquam, sed semper flagitiosae et -calamitosae fugae: eundum, ut, quemcumque fors tulerit casum, subeam -potius cum iis, qui dicuntur esse boni, quam videar a bonis dissentire. -Etsi prope diem video bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum, urbem -refertam fore, municipiis vero his relictis refertissimam. Quo ego in -numero essem, si hos lictores molestissimos non haberem, nec me M'. -Lepidi, L. Volcaci, Ser. Sulpici comitum paeniteret, quorum nemo nec -stultior est quam L. Domitius nec inconstantior quam Ap. Claudius. -Unus Pompeius me movet beneficio, non auctoritate. Quam enim ille -habeat auctoritatem in hac causa? qui, cum omnes Caesarem metuebamus, -ipse eum diligebat, postquam ipse metuere coepit, putat omnes hostes -illi oportere esse. Ibimus tamen Luceriam. Nec eum fortasse delectabit -noster adventus; dissimulare enim non potero mihi, quae adhuc acta -sint, displicere. Ego, si somnum capere possem, tam longis te epistulis -non obtunderem. Tu, si tibi eadem causa est, me remunerere sane velim. - - - - -II - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Formiis XIII K. Mart. a. 705_] - -Mihi vero omnia grata, et quod scripsisti ad me, quae audieras, et quod -non credidisti, quae digna diligentia mea non erant, et quod monuisti, -quod sentiebas. Ego ad Caesarem unas Capua litteras dedi, quibus ad ea -rescripsi, quae mecum ille de gladiatoribus suis egerat, breves, sed -benevolentiam significantes, non modo sine contumelia, sed etiam cum -maxima - - * * * * * - - Page 101 - - -So you need not wonder, if I am reluctant to embark on a cause, which -has no policy for peace or victory, but always a policy of disastrous -and disgraceful flight. I must go to face whatever fortune bring, with -so-called loyalists rather than seem to disagree with real loyalists. -Yet I see Rome will soon be crammed with loyalists, I mean with men of -wealth and fortune, crammed full, when the towns have been abandoned. I -would be among them, were it not for these tiresome lictors. I should -not be ashamed of the company of M'. Lepidus, L. Volcacius, Ser. -Sulpicius, not one of whom is a bigger fool than L. Domitius, nor a -bigger trimmer than Ap. Claudius. Only Pompey weighs with me, for his -past kindnesses, not for his public influence. For what influence has -he in this case? When we were all afraid of Caesar, he cherished him. -After he has begun to fear Caesar, he thinks all should be Caesar's -enemies. Still I shall go to Luceria. Perhaps he will not be pleased to -meet me, for I shall not be able to disguise my disgust at what he has -done so far. If I could sleep, I would not bother you with such long -letters. If you suffer from the same complaint, I shall be glad if you -will pay me back in the same coin. - - - - -II - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 17_, B.C. _49_] - -Many thanks for everything: for writing me your news, for not believing -a report, which reflected on my energy, and for the expression of your -opinion. I sent Caesar one letter from Capua in answer to his inquiries -about his gladiators.[58] It was short but friendly, and, so far from -abusing Pompey, - -[58] Cf. p. 69. - - * * * * * - - Page 102 - -laude Pompei. Id enim illa sententia postulabat, qua illum ad -concordiam hortabar. Eas si quo ille misit, in publico proponat velim. -Alteras eodem die dedi quo has ad te. Non potui non dare, cum et -ipse ad me scripsisset et Balbus. Earum exemplum ad te misi. Nihil -arbitror fore, quod reprehendas. Si qua erunt, doce me, quo modo -μέμψιν effugere possim. "Nihil," inquies, "onmino scripseris." Qui -magis effugias eos, qui volent fingere? Verum tamen ita faciam, quoad -fieri poterit. Nam, quod me hortaris ad memoriam factorum, dictorum, -scriptorum etiam meorum, facis amice tu quidem mihique gratissimum, -sed mihi videris aliud tu honestum meque dignum in hac causa iudicare, -atque ego existimem. Mihi enim nihil ulla in gente umquam ab ullo -auctore rei publicae ac duce turpius factum esse videtur, quam a nostro -amico factum est. Cuius ego vicem doleo; qui urbem reliquit, id est -patriam, pro qua et in qua mori praeclarum fuit. Ignorare mihi videris, -haec quanta sit clades. Es enim etiam nunc domi tuae, sed invitis -perditissimis hominibus esse diutius non potes. Hoc miserius, hoc -turpius quicquam? Vagamur egentes cum coniugibus et liberis; in unius -hominis quotannis periculose aegrotantis anima positas omnes nostras -spes habemus non expulsi, sed evocati ex patria; quam non servandam ad -reditum nostrum, sed diripiendam et inflammandam reliquimus. Ita multi -nobiscum sunt, non in suburbanis, non in hortis, non in ipsa urbe, et, -si nunc sunt, non erunt. Nos interea ne Capuae quidem, sed Luceriae, -et oram quidem maritimam iam relinquemus, Afranium exspectabimus et -Petreium. Nam in Labieno parum est dignitatis. - - * * * * * - - Page 103 - -praised him highly. I had to do that, as I was an advocate of peace -between them. If Caesar has passed on my letter, good: I should like -him to placard it in public. I have sent him another letter on the -date on which I dispatch this to you. I could not help doing so when -he and Balbus wrote to me. I send you a copy of the letter. I don't -think you can find any fault. If you can find any, tell me how I can -escape criticism. You will say I should have sent no letter at all. -What better plan to escape malicious tongues? However I will do so as -long as I can. Your exhortations to remember my deeds and words and -even writings are friendly and very pleasant; but you seem to have a -different idea to mine as to honour and propriety in this business. To -my mind, no statesman or general has ever been guilty of conduct so -disgraceful as Pompey's. I am sorry for him. He left Rome, his country, -for which and in which it were glorious to die. You don't seem to me -to realize what a disaster that is. You yourself are still in your own -house; but you cannot stay there any longer without the consent of -villains and traitors. It is the depth of misery and shame. We wander -in want with wives and children. Our sole hope lies in the life of -one man, who falls dangerously sick every year. We are not driven, -but summoned to leave our country. And our country which we have left -will not be kept in safety against our return, but abandoned to fire -and plunder. So many Pompeians are with us, not in their suburban -villas, not in Rome, and, if some are still in Rome, they will soon go. -Meantime I shall not stay at Capua, but at Luceria, and of course I -shall abandon the coast at once. I shall wait for the move of Afranius -and Petreius: for Labienus is a - - * * * * * - - Page 104 - -Hic tu in me illud desideras. Nihil de me...dico, alii viderint. Hic -quidem quae est...?[59] Domi vestrae estis et eritis omnes boni. Quis -tum se mihi non ostendit? quis nunc adest hoc bello? Sic enim iam -appellandum est. - -[59] _after_ me _and_ est _there is a space left in M, probably for -some Greek words, e.g._ ἀξίωμα _and_ ἀξίωσις _as Tyrrell and Orelli -suggest_. - -Vibulli res gestae sunt adhuc maximae. Id ex Pompei litteris cognosces; -in quibus animadvertito ilium locum, ubi erit διπλῆ. Videbis, de Gnaeo -nostro ipse Vibullius quid existimet. Quo igitur haec spectat oratio? -Ego pro Pompeio lubenter emori possum; facio pluris omnium hominum -neminem; sed non ita, non in eo iudico spem de salute rei publicae. -Significas enim aliquanto secus, quam solebas, ut etiam Italia, si -ille cedat, putes cedendum. Quod ego nec rei publicae puto esse utile -nec liberis meis, praeterea neque rectum neque honestum. Sed cur -"Poterisne igitur videre tyrannum?" Quasi intersit, audiam an videam, -aut locupletior mihi sit quaerendus auctor quam Socrates; qui, cum XXX -tyranni essent, pedem porta non extulit. Est mihi praeterea praecipua -causa manendi. De qua utinam aliquando tecum loquar! - -Ego XIII Kalend., cum eadem lucerna hanc epistulam scripsissem, -qua inflammaram tuam, Formiis ad Pompeium, si de pace ageretur, -profecturus, si de bello, quid ero? - - * * * * * - - Page 105 - -man of little standing. You may say that I am too. I say nothing -of myself: I leave that to others. Who has standing here? All you -loyalists stay at home, and will continue to stay there. Who failed me -in the old days? Who supports me now in this war, as I must call it. - -So far Vibullius' achievements have been fine. You will see that from -Pompey's letter. _Vide_ the passage marked.[60] You will see Vibullius' -own opinion of Pompey. My point is that I can gladly die for Pompey's -sake--there is no one I hold dearer; but not in that way. In him I -see no hope for the safety of the state. You express a view different -from your usual view, that I must even leave Italy, if he does. That -course seems to me of no advantage to the state or to my children, and, -moreover, neither right nor honourable. But why do you say, "Will you -be able to see a tyrant"? As if it mattered whether I hear of him or -see him, or as if I wanted a better example than Socrates, who never -set foot out of gate during the reign of the Thirty tyrants. Besides I -have a special reason for staying. I wish I could talk it over with you. - -[60] The διπλῆ was a marginal mark of this shape =>= used in MSS. to -mark a special passage or in dialogue to indicate the appearance of a -new speaker. - -After writing this letter on the 17th, by the same lamp as that in -which I burned yours, I set out from Formiae to go to Pompey, and I may -be of use, if the talk is of peace: but, if of war, of what use shall I -be? - - * * * * * - - Page 106 - - - - -III - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Caleno XII K. Mart. a. 705_] - -Maximis et miserrimis rebus perturbatus, cum coram tecum mihi potestas -deliberandi non esset, uti tamen tuo consilio volui. Deliberatio autem -omnis haec est, si Pompeius Italia excedat, quod eum facturum esse -suspicor, quid mihi agendum putes. Et quo facilius consilium dare -possis, quid in utramque partem mihi in mentem veniat, explicabo brevi. - -Cum merita Pompei summa erga salutem meam, familiaritasque, quae -mihi cum eo est, tum ipsa rei publicae causa me adducit, ut mihi vel -consilium meum cum illius consilio vel fortuna mea cum illius fortuna -coniungenda esse videatur. Accedit illud. Si maneo et illum comitatum -optimorum et clarissimorum civium desero, cadendum est in unius -potestatem. Qui etsi multis rebus significat se nobis esse amicum (et, -ut esset, a me est, tute scis, propter suspicionem huius impendentis -tempestatis multo ante provisum), tamen utrumque considerandum est, et -quanta fides ei sit habenda, et, si maxime exploratum sit eum nobis -amicum fore, sitne viri fortis et boni civis esse in ea urbe, in qua -cum summis honoribus imperiisque usus sit, res maximas gesserit, -sacerdotio sit amplissimo praeditus, non futurus sit, qui fuerit, -subeundumque periculum sit cum aliquo forte dedecore, si quando -Pompeius rem publicam recuperarit. In hac parte haec sunt. - -Vide nunc, quae sint in altera. Nihil actum est a Pompeio nostro -sapienter, nihil fortiter, addo etiam nihil nisi contra consilium -auctoritatemque meam. Omitto illa vetera, quod istum in rem publicam -ille - - * * * * * - - Page 107 - - - - -III - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cales, Feb. 18_, B.C. _49_] - -Upset by this grave and most calamitous crisis, though I have no -opportunity of consulting you personally, still I wish to enjoy your -advice. The whole question under debate is this. What do you think I -should do, if Pompey leaves Italy, as I expect he will? To help you to -a decision, I will briefly recount what occurs to me on both sides of -the question. - -Not only Pompey's great services in bringing about my restoration and -his intimacy with me, but the public welfare, leads me to think that -my policy and his or, if you will, my fortunes and his should be one. -And another thing, if I remain in Italy and desert the company of -loyal and distinguished citizens, I must fall into the power of one -man, and, though he gives me many tokens of regard (and you know well -I took good care that it should be so with this crisis in view), yet -he still leaves me a twofold problem; how much trust can be put in his -promises, and, if I am positive of his good will, is it proper for a -man of courage and loyalty to remain in Rome and lose his position for -the future where he has enjoyed the highest distinctions and commands, -performed deeds of importance, been invested with the highest seat in -the sacred college, and to suffer risks and perhaps some shame, if ever -Pompey restore the constitution? So much for the arguments on one side. - -Now look at those on the other. There is not an atom of prudence or -courage in Pompey's policy--and besides nothing that is not clean -contrary to my counsel and advice. I pass over the old grievance, how -Caesar was Pompey's man: Pompey raised him to - - * * * * * - - Page 108 - -aluit, auxit, armavit, ille legibus per vim et contra auspicia -ferendis auctor, ille Galliae ulterioris adiunctor, ille gener, ille -in adoptando P. Clodio augur, ille restituendi mei quam retinendi -studiosior, ille provinciae propagator, ille absentis in omnibus -adiutor, idem etiam tertio consulatu, postquam esse defensor rei -publicae coepit, contendit, ut decem tribuni pl. ferrent, ut absentis -ratio haberetur, quod idem ipse sanxit lege quadam sua, Marcoque -Marcello consuli finienti provincias Gallias Kalendarum Martiarum die -restitit--sed, ut haec omittam, quid foedius, quid perturbatius hoc ab -urbe discessu sive potius turpissima fuga? Quae condicio non accipienda -fuit potius quam relinquenda patria? Malae condiciones erant, fateor, -sed num quid hoc peius? At recuperabit rem publicam. Quando? aut quid -ad eam spem est parati? Non ager Picenus amissus? non patefactum iter -ad urbem? non pecunia omnis et publica et privata adversario tradita? -Denique nulla causa, nullae vires, nulla sedes, quo concurrent, qui rem -publicam defensam velint. Apulia delecta est, inanissima pars Italiae -et ab impetu huius belli remotissima; fuga et maritima opportunitas -visa quaeri desperatione. Invite cepi Capuam, non quo munus illud -defugerem, sed in ea causa, in qua nullus - - * * * * * - - Page 109 - -place and military power, assisted him in passing laws by force -and despite bad omens, granted him Further Gaul in addition to his -province; Pompey married his daughter, Pompey was augur at the adoption -of Clodius; Pompey was more active in effecting my restoration than -in preventing my banishment; Pompey prolonged the tenure of Caesar's -provincial government; Pompey championed his cause in absence; and -again in his third consulship, when he began to be the defender of -the constitution, struggled to get the ten tribunes to propose a bill -admitting Caesar's candidature in absence; ratified that privilege by -a law of his own; and opposed M. Marcellus the consul, when Marcellus -would have concluded Caesar's government of the provinces of Gaul on -the 1st of March. Putting all this on one side, is not this departure -or rather this disgraceful and iniquitous flight from Rome a most -shameful sign of panic? Any compromise ought to have been accepted -in preference to abandoning our country. I admit the terms were bad, -but could anything be worse than this? If you say he will restore the -constitution, I ask you when and what preparation has been made to -that end? We have lost Picenum: the road lies open to Rome: the funds -of the state and of individuals have been delivered to our enemy. -Finally we have no policy, no forces, no rendezvous for patriots; -Apulia has been chosen, the least populous district in Italy and the -most removed from the brunt of this war, and clearly chosen in despair -for the opportunity of flight which the sea affords. With reluctance -I took charge of Capua, not that I would shirk the duty, but with the -reluctance which one would have in a - - * * * * * - - Page 110 - -esset ordinum, nullus apertus privatorum dolor, bonorum autem esset -aliquis, sed hebes, ut solet, et, ut ipse sensissem, multitudo et -infimus quisque propensus in alteram partem, multi mutationis rerum -cupidi, dixi ipsi me nihil suscepturum sine praesidio et sine pecunia. -Itaque habui nihil omnino negotii, quod ab initio vidi nihil quaeri -praeter fugam. Eam si nunc sequor, quonam? Cum illo non; ad quem cum -essem profectus, cognovi in iis locis esse Caesarem, ut tuto Luceriam -venire non possem. Infero mari nobis incerto cursu hieme maxima -navigandum est. Age iam, cum fratre an sine eo cum filio? at quo modo? -In utraque enim re summa difficultas erit, summus animi dolor; qui -autem impetus illius erit in nos absentis fortunasque nostras! Acrior -quam in ceterorum, quod putabit fortasse in nobis violandis aliquid se -habere populare. Age iam, has compedes, fascis, inquam, hos laureatos -ecferre ex Italia quam molestum est! qui autem locus erit nobis tutus, -ut iam placatis utamur fluctibus, antequam ad illum venerimus? Qua -autem aut quo, nihil scimus. At, si restitero, et fuerit nobis in hac -parte locus, idem fecero quod in Cinnae dominatione L. Philippus, quod -L. Flaccus, quod Q. Mucius, quoquo modo ea res huic - - * * * * * - - Page 111 - -cause in which neither ranks nor individuals had expressed any feeling, -though there was some feeling amongst the loyalists, sluggish as -usual. Besides, as I felt, the crowd and the dregs of the populace -were inclined to the other side, and many were merely desirous of -revolution. I told Pompey himself that I could undertake nothing -without a garrison and without funds. So I have had nothing at all to -do, since I saw from the first, that his only object was flight. If I -would share his flight, whither am I to go? With him I cannot go; for, -when I set out, I learned that Caesar was so posted that I could not -reach Luceria with safety. I should have to go by the Lower Sea[61] -in the depth of winter and with no certain destination. Moreover am -I to take my brother, or leave him and take my son? But how? Either -course would cause me the greatest trouble and the greatest grief: and -how he will wreak his rage on me and my property in my absence! More -vindictively perhaps than in the case of others, because he will think -that vengeance on me will please the people. Consider too my fetters, -I mean my laurelled fasces. How awkward it will be to take them out of -Italy! Suppose I enjoy a calm passage, what place will be safe for me -till I join Pompey? I have no idea of how or where to go. But, if I -stand my ground and find a place on Caesar's side, I shall follow the -example of L. Philippus under the tyranny of Cinna, of L. Flaccus and -of Q. Mucius.[62] Though it ended unfortunately - -[61] I.e. the sea on the west coast of Italy as opposed to _mare -superum_, the Adriatic. - -[62] All these persons stayed in Rome during the Cinnan revolution. -Mucius was put to death by the younger Marius in 82 B.C. - - * * * * * - - Page 112 - -quidem cecidit; qui tamen ita dicere solebat, se id fore videre, quod -factum est, sed malle quam armatum ad patriae moenia accedere. Aliter -Thrasybulus et fortasse melius. Sed est certa quaedam illa Muci ratio -atque sententia, est illa etiam Philippi, et, cum sit necesse, servire -tempori et non amittere tempus, cum sit datum. Sed in hoc ipso habent -tamen idem fasces molestiam. Sit enim nobis amicus, quod incertum -est, sed sit; deferet triumphum. Non accipere vide ne periculosum -sit, accipere invidiosum ad bonos. "O rem," inquis, "difficilem et -inexplicabilem!" Atqui explicanda est. Quid enim fieri potest? Ac, ne -me existimaris ad manendum esse propensiorem, quod plura in eam partem -verba fecerim, potest fieri, quod fit in multis quaestionibus, ut res -verbosior haec fuerit, illa verior. Quam ob rem ut maxima de re aequo -animo deliberanti ita mihi des consilium velim. Navis et in Caieta est -parata nobis et Brundisi. - -Sed ecce nuntii scribente me haec ipsa noctu in Caleno, ecce litterae -Caesarem ad Corfinium, Domitium Corfini cum firmo exercitu et pugnare -cupiente. Non puto etiam hoc Gnaeum nostrum commissurum, ut Domitium -relinquat; etsi Brundisium Scipionem cum cohortibus duabus praemiserat, -legionem Fausto conscriptam in Siciliam sibi placere a consule duci -scripserat ad consules. Sed turpe Domitium deserere erit implorantem -eius auxilium. Est quaedam spes mihi quidem non magna, sed in his locis -firma, Afranium in Pyrenaeo cum Trebonio pugnasse, pulsum Trebonium, -etiam Fabium tuum transisse cum - - * * * * * - - Page 113 - -in the case of Q. Mucius, yet he was wont to say he foresaw the issue, -but preferred it to taking arms against his country. Thrasybulus took -the other and perhaps happier course. But Mucius' decision and views -were quite definite, and so were those of Philippus; that one might do -some time-serving, when it was necessary, but when one's time came, one -should not miss it. But, in that event, still my fasces are a nuisance. -I do not know if Caesar will be friendly; but suppose he is, he will -offer me a triumph. To refuse would damage my chances with Caesar, to -accept would annoy the loyalists. It is a hard and insoluble question; -and yet solve it I must. What else can I do? I have said most in favour -of staying in Italy: but do not infer that I have any particular -inclination towards so doing: it may be, as often happens, that there -are more words on one side and more worth on the other. Then please -give me your advice, counting me openminded on the important question. -There is a boat ready for me at Caieta and at Brundisium. - -But, here are messengers arriving as I write this letter at night in -Cales; and here is a letter saying that Caesar has reached Corfinium -and that Domitius is there with a strong force anxious to fight. I do -not think that Pompey will go so far as to abandon Domitius, though he -sent Scipio ahead to Brundisium with two squadrons, and has informed -the consuls that he wants one of them to take the legion raised for -Faustus into Sicily. But it were base to desert Domitius, when he -entreats for help. There is some hope, small enough to my mind, but -favoured in this district, that Afranius has fought with Trebonius in -the Pyrenees and driven him back, and that your - - * * * * * - - Page 114 - -cohortibus, summa autem Afranium cum magnis copiis adventare. Id si -est, in Italia fortasse manebitur. Ego autem, cum esset incertum iter -Caesaris, quod vel ad Capuam vel ad Luceriam iturus putabatur, Leptam -misi ad Pompeium et litteras; ipse, ne quo inciderem, reverti Formias. - -Haec te scire volui scripsique sedatiore animo, quam proxime -scripseram, nullum meum iudicium interponens, sed exquirens tuum. - - - - -IV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano VIII K. Mart. ante lucem a. 705_] - -Dionysius quidem tuus potius quam noster, cuius ego cum satis -cognossem mores, tuo tamen potius stabam iudicio quam meo, ne tui -quidem testimonii, quod ei saepe apud me dederas, veritus, superbum -se praebuit in fortuna, quam putavit nostram fore; cuius fortunae -nos, quantum humano consilio effici poterit, motum ratione quadam -gubernabimus. Cui qui noster honos, quod obsequium, quae etiam ad -ceteros contempti cuiusdam hominis commendatio defuit? ut meum iudicium -reprehendi a Quinto fratre volgoque ab omnibus mallem quam illum non -efferrem laudibus, Ciceronesque nostros meo potius labore subdoceri -quam me alium iis magistrum quaerere; ad quem ego quas litteras, dei -immortales, miseram, quantum honoris significantes, quantum amoris! -Dicaearchum mehercule aut Aristoxenum diceres arcessi, non unum hominem -omnium loquacissimum et minime aptum ad docendum. Sed est memoria bona. -Me dicet esse meliore. Quibus litteris ita respondit ut ego nemini, - - * * * * * - - Page 115 - -friend Fabius too has gone over to Pompey with his squadrons: and high -hope, that Afranius is marching hither with large forces. If that is -true, we may stay in Italy. But since no one knows Caesar's route, as -he was supposed to be going towards Capua or Luceria, I am sending -Lepta to Pompey with a letter. Myself I return to Formiae for fear I -should stumble on anyone. - -I wanted you to know the news, and I write with more composure than I -stated above. I advance no views of my own, but ask for yours. - - - - -IV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 22_, B.C. _49_] - -I count Dionysius your man rather than mine: for, though I was well -acquainted with his character, I held to your opinion of him rather -than to my own. The fellow has paid no respect even to your frequent -certificates of character, but has become arrogant in what he takes -for a fall in my fortune, though so far as human wit can avail, I will -steer my course onward with some skill. I never failed Dionysius in -respect or service, or in a good word for the despicable cad. Nay, -I preferred to have my opinion criticized by Quintus and people in -general rather than omit to praise the fellow; and, sooner than seek -another master for my boys, I took pains to give them private lessons -myself. Good God, what a letter I sent him: how full of respect and -affection! You would think that I was sending for Dicaearchus or -Aristoxenus and not for an arch-chatter-box useless as a teacher. He -has a good memory: he shall have reason to say that mine is better. He -answered the - - * * * * * - - Page 116 - -cuius causam non reciperem. Semper enim: "Si potero, si ante suscepta -causa non impediar." Numquam reo cuiquam tam humili, tam sordido, tam -nocenti, tam alieno tam praecise negavi, quam hic mihi plane sine ulla -exceptione praecidit. Nihil cognovi ingratius; in quo vitio nihil mali -non inest. Sed de hoc nimis multa. - -Ego navem paravi. Tuas litteras tamen exspecto, ut sciam, quid -respondeant consultationi meae. Sulmone C. Atium Paelignum aperuisse -Antonio portas, cum essent cohortes quinque, Q. Lucretium inde -effugisse scis, Gnaeum ire Brundisium, desertum Domitium.[63] Confecta -res est. - -[63] Domitium _is added by Lipsius_. - - - - -V - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano VII, ut videtur, K. Mart. a. 705_] - -Cum ante lucem VIII Kal. litteras ad te de Dionysio dedissem, vesperi -ad nos eodem die venit ipse Dionysius, auctoritate tua permotus, ut -suspicor; quid enim putem aliud? Etsi solet eum, cum aliquid furiose -fecit, paenitere. Numquam autem cerritior fuit quam in hoc negotio. -Nam, quod ad te non scripseram, postea audivi a tertio miliario tum eum -isse - - πολλὰ μάτην κεράεσσιν ἐς ἠέρα θυμήναντα, - -multa, inquam, mala cum dixisset: suo capiti, ut aiunt. Sed en meam -mansuetudinem! Conieceram in fasciculum una cum tua vementem ad illum -epistulam. Hanc ad me referri volo nec ullam ob aliam - - * * * * * - - Page 117 - -letter in a tone I have never used even when I wished to decline a -case. I always say, "if possible," "if no previous engagement hinders -me." I have never given so curt a refusal as his curt unqualified "no" -to any client however humble, however mean, however guilty, however -much a stranger. It is the height of ingratitude, and ingratitude -includes all sins. But enough and more than enough of this. - -I have a boat ready. Still I wait for a letter from you, that I may -know your answer to my problem. You know that at Sulmo C. Atius -Paelignus opened the gates to Antonius, though he had five squadrons, -that Q. Lucretius has escaped from the place, and that Pompey has gone -to Brundisium, deserting Domitius. We are done for. - - - - -V - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 23 (?)_, B.C. _49_] - -After I sent you a letter before daybreak on the 22nd about Dionysius, -on the evening of the same day came Dionysius himself. I cannot but -think that it was by your influence, though he is wont to repent of his -fits of temper, and this is the maddest business he has had a hand in. -I did not tell you before, but I heard later, that, when he had got -three miles from Rome, he took fright, - - "When he had vainly butted with his horns - The vacant air."[64] - -[64] Author unknown. - -I mean he cursed roundly. May his curses fall on his own head, as the -saying goes. But look at my good nature. I enclosed in your packet a -strong letter for him. I should be glad to have it returned; and - - * * * * * - - Page 118 - -causam Pollicem servum a pedibus meis Romam misi. Eo autem ad te -scripsi, ut, si tibi forte reddita esset, mihi curares referendam, ne -in illius manus perveniret. - -Novi si quid esset, scripsissem. Pendeo animi exspectatione -Corfiniensi, in qua de salute rei publicae decernetur. Tu fasciculum, -qui est M'. Curio inscriptus, velim cures ad eum perferendum Tironemque -Curio commendes et, ut det ei, si quid opus erit in sumptum, roges. - - - - -VI - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano IX K. Mart., ut videtur, a. 705_] - -Obsignata iam ista epistula, quam de nocte daturus eram, sicut dedi -(nam eam vesperi scripseram), C. Sosius praetor in Formianum venit ad -M'. Lepidum, vicinum nostrum, cuius quaestor fuit. Pompei litterarum ad -consules exemplum attulit: - -"Litterae mihi a L. Domitio a. d. XIII Kalend. Mart. allatae sunt. -Earum exemplum infra scripsi. Nunc, ut ego non scribam, tua sponte -te intellegere scio, quanti rei publicae intersit omnes copias in -unum locum primo quoque tempore convenire. Tu, si tibi videbitur, -dabis operam, ut quam primum ad nos venias, praesidii Capuae quantum -constitueris satis esse, relinquas." - -Deinde supposuit exemplum epistulae Domiti, quod ego ad te pridie -miseram. Di immortales, qui me horror perfudit! quam sum sollicitus, -quidnam futurum sit! Hoc tamen spero, magnum nomen imperatoris fore, -magnum in adventu terrorem. Spero etiam, quoniam adhuc nihil nobis -obfuit † nihil - - * * * * * - - Page 119 - -only for that reason have I sent my footman Pollux to Rome. So I write -to you that, if it has come into your hands, you may return it and not -let it fall into his possession. - -I would write any fresh news, if there were any. I am a-tiptoe with -anxiety as to the business at Corfinium, which will decide the fate of -the constitution. Please send the packet addressed to M'. Curius, and -please recommend Tiro to Curius, and ask him to supply his wants. - - - - -VI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 21 (?)_, B.C. _49_] - -After I had sealed that letter to you, which I wanted to dispatch -last night (I wrote it in the evening and did dispatch it), C. Sosius -the praetor came to Formiae to visit my neighbour, M'. Lepidus, whose -quaestor he was. He brought a copy of Pompey's letter to the consuls: -"I have received a dispatch from L. Domitius, dated the 17th of -February. I enclose a copy. Now without a word from me, I know you -realize of your own accord how important it is for the State that all -our forces should concentrate at one spot at the earliest possible -date. If you agree, endeavour to reach me at once, leaving Capua such -garrison as you may consider necessary." - -Then appended is a copy of Domitius' letter which I sent you yesterday. -My God, how terrified I was and how distracted I am as to the future! -I hope his nickname the Great will inspire great panic on his arrival. -I hope too, since nothing has stood in our way at present [except his -negligence, he is not - - * * * * * - - Page 120 - -mutasset neglegentia hoc quod cum fortiter et diligenter tum etiam -mehercule.† - -Modo enim audivi quartanam a te discessisse. Moriar, si magis gauderem, -si id mihi accidisset. Piliae dic non esse aequum eam diutius habere -nec id esse vestrae concordiae. Tironem nostrum ab altera relictum -audio. Sed eum video in sumptum ab aliis mutuatum; ego autem Curium -nostrum, si quid opus esset, rogaram. Malo Tironis verecundiam in culpa -esse quam inliberalitatem Curi. - - - - -VII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano VII K. Mart., ut videtur, a. 705_] - -Unum etiam restat amico nostro ad omne dedecus, ut Domitio non -subveniat. "At nemo dubitat, quin subsidio venturus sit." Ego non puto. -"Deseret igitur talem civem et eos, quos una scis esse, cum habeat -praesertim is ipse cohortes triginta?" Nisi me omnia fallunt, deseret. -Incredibiliter pertimuit, nihil spectat nisi fugam. Cui tu (video enim, -quid sentias) me comitem putas debere esse. Ego vero, quem fugiam, -habeo, quem sequar, non habeo. Quod enim tu meum laudas et memorandum -dicis, malle quod dixerim me cum Pompeio vinci quam cum istis vincere, -ego vero malo, sed cum illo Pompeio, qui tum erat, aut qui mihi esse -videbatur, cum hoc vero, qui ante fugit, quam scit, aut quem fugiat aut -quo, qui nostra tradidit, qui patriam reliquit, Italiam relinquit, - - * * * * * - - Page 121 - -neglecting a point which ought to be carried out vigorously].[65] - -[65] The words in brackets only attempt to give the probable sense of -this hopelessly corrupt passage. - -I have just heard that you have lost your fever. Upon my life I could -not be better pleased, if I had recovered myself. Tell Pilia that such -a perfect helpmeet should not be sick longer than her husband. I hear -that Tiro has recovered from his second attack: but I see he has been -raising money from strangers. I had commissioned Curius to supply him -with funds. I hope it is Tiro's diffidence and not Curius' meanness -that is to blame. - - - - -VII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 23 (?)_, B.C. _49_] - -The one act needed to crown Pompey's disgrace is the desertion of -Domitius. I don't agree with the universal opinion that he is sure to -help him. "Will he desert so distinguished a citizen as Domitius and -those with him, even though he has thirty cohorts at his command?" -Unless I am greatly mistaken he will desert him. He is incredibly -alarmed, and has no thought but flight; and you want me to go with him; -for I see what you think. Yes, I have a foe to flee from, but no friend -to follow. As for your praise of that remark of mine, which you quote -and call so memorable, that I would rather be conquered with Pompey -than conquer with Caesar, well, I would: but it must be with Pompey -my old hero or ideal. As to the Pompey of to-day, who flees before he -knows from whom he is running or where to run; who has betrayed us, -abandoned his country and deserted - - * * * * * - - Page 122 - -si malui, contigit, victus sum. Quod superest, nec ista videre possum, -quae numquam timui ne viderem, nec mehercule istum, propter quem mihi -non modo meis, sed memet ipso carendum est. - -Ad Philotimum scripsi de viatico sive a Moneta (nemo enim solvit) sive -ab Oppiis, tuis contubernalibus. Cetera apposita tibi mandabo. - - - - -VIII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano VI K. Mart. a. 705_] - -O rem turpem et ea re miseram! Sic enim sentio, id demum aut potius id -solum esse miserum, quod turpe sit. Aluerat Caesarem; eundem repente -timere coeperat, condicionem pacis nullam probarat, nihil ad bellum -pararat, urbem reliquerat, Picenum amiserat culpa, in Apuliam se -compegerat, ibat in Graeciam, omnes nos ἀπροσφωνήτους, expertes sui -tanti, tam inusitati consilii relinquebat. Ecce subito litterae Domiti -ad illum, ipsius ad consules. Fulsisse mihi videbatur τὸ καλὸν ad -oculos eius et exclamasse ille vir, qui esse debuit: - - Πρὸς ταῦθ' ὅ τι χρὴ καὶ παλαμάσθων - καὶ πάντ' ἐπ' ἐμοὶ τεκταινέσθων. - τὸ γὰρ εὖ μετ' ἐμοῦ. - - * * * * * - - Page 123 - -Italy,--well, if I wanted to be conquered with him, I have got my wish; -I am conquered. For the rest I cannot bear to look at Caesar's doings. -I never expected to see them, nor the man himself who robs me not only -of my friends, but of myself. - -I have written to Philotimus about money for the journey--either -from the mint,[66] for none of my debtors will pay up, or from -your associates the bankers. I will give you all other requisite -instructions. - -[66] The Roman Mint was at the Temple of Juno Moneta. Apparently money -could be obtained there by exchange for bullion. - - - - -VIII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 24_, B.C. _49_] - -What disgrace, and therefore what misery! For I feel disgrace to be -the crown of misery, or indeed the only real misery. Pompey treated -Caesar as his _protégé_, began suddenly to fear him, declined terms of -peace, made no preparation for war, quitted Rome, lost Picenum by his -own fault, got himself blocked in Apulia, went off to Greece without a -word, leaving us in ignorance of a plan so important and unusual. Then -all of a sudden Domitius' letter to Pompey and Pompey's letter to the -consuls. It seemed to me that the Right had flashed upon his gaze, and -that he, the old heroic Pompey, cried: - - "What subtle craft they will let them devise, - And work their wiliest in my despite. - The right is on my side."[67] - -[67] A fragment of Euripides parodied by Aristophanes, _Acharnians_, -659-661. - - * * * * * - - Page 124 - -At ille tibi πολλὰ χαίρειν τᾷ καλᾷ dicens pergit Brundisium. Domitium -autem aiunt re audita et eos, qui una essent, se tradidisse. O rem -lugubrem! Itaque intercludor dolore, quo minus ad te plura scribam. -Tuas litteras exspecto. - - - - -IX - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano V K. Mart. a. 705_] - -Epistulam meam quod pervulgatam scribis esse, non fero moleste, -quin etiam ipse multis dedi describendam. Ea enim et acciderunt iam -et impendent, ut testatum esse velim, de pace quid senserim. Cum -autem ad eam hortarer eum praesertim hominem, non videbar ullo modo -facilius moturus, quam si id, quod eum hortarer, convenire eius -sapientiae dicerem. Eam si "admirabilem" dixi, cum eum ad salutem -patriae hortabar, non sum veritus, ne viderer adsentari, cui tali in -re lubenter me ad pedes abiecissem. Quod autem est "aliquid inpertias -temporis," non est, de pace, sed de me ipso et de meo officio ut -aliquid cogitet. Nam, quod testificor me expertem belli fuisse, etsi id -re perspectum est, tamen eo scripsi, quo in suadendo plus auctoritatis -haberem; eodemque pertinet, quod causam eius probo. - -Sed quid haec nunc? Utinam aliquid profectum esset! Ne ego istas -litteras in contione recitari velim, si quidem ille ipse ad eundem -scribens in publico proposuit epistulam illam, in qua est "pro tuis -rebus gestis amplissimis" (amplioribusne quam suis, - - * * * * * - - Page 125 - -However Pompey bids a long farewell to honour and away for Brundisium. -They say that Domitius and those with him surrendered on receipt of the -news. What a doleful business! Grief prevents me writing more. I await -a letter from you. - - - - -IX - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 25_, B.C. _49_.] - -I am not upset at the circulation of my letter, indeed I myself let -many people take a copy. Considering what has happened and is likely to -happen, I want my views on peace published. And when I exhorted Caesar -of all men to seek peace, I had no readier argument than to say, that -peace became a man of his wisdom. If I spoke of his "admirable" wisdom, -seeing that I was urging him on to the salvation of our country, I was -not afraid of appearing to flatter him: in such a cause I would gladly -have cast myself at his feet. When I use the phrase "spare time," that -does not mean for the consideration of peace, but for the consideration -of myself and my obligations. As to my statement that I have taken no -part in the war, though the facts are evidence, I wrote it to give -greater weight to my advice and it was for the same reason that I -expressed approbation of his case. - -But this is idle talk now: I only wish it had done some good. Why, I -should not object to the recital of my letter at a public meeting, -when Pompey himself, writing to Caesar, exhibited for public perusal a -letter containing the words "On account of your splendid achievements," -(are they more splendid - - * * * * * - - Page 126 - -quam Africani? Ita tempus ferebat), si quidem etiam vos duo tales ad -quintum miliarium quid nunc ipsum de se recipienti, quid agenti, quid -acturo? Quanto autem ferocius ille causae suae confidet, cum vos, -cum vestri similes non modo frequentes, sed laeto vultu gratulantes -viderit! "Num igitur peccamus?" Minime vos quidem; sed tamen signa -conturbantur, quibus voluntas a simulatione distingui posset. Quae vero -senatus consulta video? Sed apertius, quam proposueram. - -Ego Arpini volo esse pridie Kal., deinde circum villulas nostras -errare, quas visurum me postea desperavi. Εὐγενῆ tua consilia et tamen -pro temporibus non incauta mihi valde probantur. Lepido quidem (nam -fere συνδιημερεύομεν, quod gratissimum illi est) numquam placuit ex -Italia exire, Tullo multo minus. Crebro enim illius litterae ab aliis -ad nos commeant. Sed me illorum sententiae minus movebant; minus -multa dederant illi rei publicae pignora. Tua mehercule auctoritas -vehementer movet; adfert enim et reliqui temporis recuperandi rationem -et praesentis tuendi. Sed, obsecro te, quid hoc miserius quam alterum -plausus in foedissima causa quaerere, alterum offensiones in optima? -alterum existimari conservatorem inimicorum, alterum desertorem -amicorum? Et mehercule, quamvis amemus Gnaeum nostrum, ut et facimus -et debemus, tamen hoc, quod talibus viris non subvenit, laudare non -possum. Nam, sive - - * * * * * - - Page 127 - -than Pompey's own, or those of Africanus? Circumstances made him say -so.) and when two men like you and S. Peducaeus are going to meet him -at the fifth milestone,--and at this moment to what course does he -pledge himself, what is he doing, what is he going to do? Surely his -belief in his rights will grow more vehement, when he sees you and -men like you not only in crowds, but with joy upon your faces. "What -harm in that," you ask? Not a bit, as far as you are concerned: but -still the outward signs of the distinction between genuine feeling and -pretence are all upset. I foresee some strange decrees of the Senate. -But my letter has been more frank than I intended. - -I hope to be at Arpinum on the 28th, and then to visit my country -estates, I fear for the last time. Your policy, gentlemanly, but -not without a touch of caution suited to the times, has my sincere -approval. Lepidus, who has the pleasure of my company almost every day, -never liked the plan of quitting Italy: Tullus detested it: for letters -from him often reach me from other hands. However their views influence -me little: they have given fewer pledges to the state than I: but I am -strongly swayed by the weight of your opinion, which proposes a plan -for betterment in the future and security in the present. Is there a -more wretched spectacle than that of Caesar earning praise in the most -disgusting cause, and of Pompey earning blame in the most excellent: -of Caesar being regarded as the saviour of his enemies, and Pompey -as a traitor to his friends? Assuredly though I love Pompey, from -inclination and duty, still I cannot praise his failure to succour such -men. If it was fear, - - * * * * * - - Page 128 - -timuit, quid ignavius? sive, ut quidam putant, meliorem suam causam -illorum caede fore putavit, quid iniustius? Sed haec omittamus; augemus -enim dolorem retractando. - -VI Kal. vesperi Balbus minor ad me venit occulta via currens ad -Lentulum consulem missu Caesaris cum litteris, cum mandatis, cum -promissione provinciae, Romam ut redeat. Cui persuaderi posse non -arbitror, nisi erit conventus. Idem aiebat nihil malle Caesarem, quam -ut Pompeium adsequeretur (id credo) et rediret in gratiam. Id non credo -et metuo, ne omnis haec clementia ad Cinneam[68] illam crudelitatem -colligatur. Balbus quidem maior ad me scribit nihil malle Caesarem quam -principe Pompeio sine metu vivere. Tu, puto, haec credis. Sed, cum haec -scribebam V Kalend., Pompeius iam Brundisium venisse poterat; expeditus -enim antecesserat legiones XI K. Luceria. Sed hoc τέρας horribili -vigilantia, celeritate, diligentia est. Plane, quid futurum sit, nescio. - -[68] Cinneam _Tyrrell and Purser_: unam _MSS._: Sullanam _Orelli_. - - - - -X - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano IV K. Mart. a. 705_] - -Dionysius cum ad me praeter opinionem meam venisset, locutus sum cum -eo liberalissime; tempora exposui, rogavi, ut diceret, quid haberet in -animo; me nihil ab ipso invito contendere. Respondit se, quod in nummis -haberet, nescire quo loci esset; alios non solvere, aliorum diem nondum -esse. Dixit etiam alia quaedam de servulis suis, quare nobiscum - - * * * * * - - Page 129 - -it was most cowardly; if, as some think, he imagined that their -massacre would assist his cause, it was most iniquitous. But let us -pass over this, for remembrance adds to my sorrow. - -On the evening of the 24th, Balbus the younger came to me, hurrying on -a secret errand to the consul Lentulus from Caesar with a letter, a -commission, and the promise of a province on condition of his returning -to Rome. I don't think that he can be talked over without a personal -interview. Balbus said that Caesar was most anxious to meet Pompey (I -believe it), and to get on good terms with him. This I do not believe -and I fear all his kindness is only a preparation for cruelty like -Cinna's. Balbus the elder writes to me that Caesar wants nothing better -than to live in safety under Pompey. I expect you will believe that. -But while I write this letter on the 25th of February, Pompey may have -reached Brundisium. He set out without baggage, and before his legions, -on the 19th from Luceria. But that bogy-man has terrible wariness, -speed and energy. The future is a riddle to me. - - - - -X - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 26_, B.C. _49_] - -I spoke to Dionysius in the frankest way, when contrary to my -expectations he arrived. I told him how matters stood; asked him his -intentions, and said that I would not press him against his will. He -replied that he did not know where such money as he owned was: that -some creditors did not pay, that other debts were not yet due. He said -something about his wretched slaves that would prevent his - - * * * * * - - Page 130 - -esse non posset. Morem gessi; dimisi a me ut magistrum Ciceronum non -lubenter, ut hominem ingratum non invitus. Volui te scire, et quid ego -de eius facto iudicarem. - - - - -XI - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano III K. Mart. a. 705_] - -Quod me magno animi motu perturbatum putas, sum equidem, sed non tam -magno, quam tibi fortasse videor. Levatur enim omnis cura, cum aut -constitit consilium, aut cogitando nihil explicatur. Lamentari autem -licet illud quidem totos dies; sed vereor, ne, nihil cum proficiam, -etiam dedecori sim studiis ac litteris nostris. Consumo igitur omne -tempus considerans, quanta vis sit illius viri, quem nostris libris -satis diligenter, ut tibi quidem videmur, expressimus. Tenesne igitur -moderatorem illum rei publicae quo referre velimus omnia? Nam sic -quinto, ut opinor, in libro loquitur Scipio: "Ut enim gubernatori -cursus secundus, medico salus, imperatori victoria, sic huic moderatori -rei publicae beata civium vita proposita est, ut opibus firma, copiis -locuples, gloria ampla, virtute honesta sit. Huius enim operis maximi -inter homines atque optimi illum esse perfectorem volo." Hoc Gnaeus -noster cum antea numquam tum in hac causa minime cogitavit. Dominatio -quaesita ab utroque est, non id actum, beata et honesta civitas ut -esset. Nec vero ille urbem reliquit, quod eam tueri non posset, nec -Italiam, quod ea pelleretur, sed hoc a primo cogitavit, omnes terras, -omnia maria movere, reges barbaros incitare, gentes feras armatas in -Italiam - - * * * * * - - Page 131 - -staying with me. I acquiesced, sorry to lose a master for my boys; -but glad to be rid of an ungrateful fellow. I wanted you to know what -happened and my opinion of his conduct. - - - - -XI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 27_, B.C. _49_] - -As you suppose, I am in great anxiety of mind: but it is not so great -as you may imagine. I am rid of care, as soon as resolve is fixed -or thought proves futile. Still I may lament my lot as I do all day -long. But I fear, since lamentation is idle, I disgrace my philosophy -and my works. So I spend my time considering the character of the -ideal statesman, who is sketched clearly enough, you seem to think, -in my books on the Republic. You remember then the standard by which -our ideal governor was to weigh his acts. Here are Scipio's words, -in the 5th book, I think it is: "As a safe voyage is the aim of the -pilot, health of the physician, victory of the general, so the ideal -statesman will aim at happiness for the citizens of the state to give -them material security, copious wealth, wide-reaching distinction -and untarnished honour. This, the greatest and finest of human -achievements, I want him to perform." Pompey never had this notion -and least of all in the present cause. Absolute power is what he and -Caesar have sought; their aim has not been to secure the happiness and -honour of the community. Pompey has not abandoned Rome, because it was -impossible to defend, nor Italy on forced compulsion; but it was his -idea from the first to plunge the world into war, to stir up barbarous -princes, to bring savage tribes into - - * * * * * - - Page 132 - -adducere, exercitus conficere maximos. Genus illud Sullani regni iam -pridem appetitur multis, qui una sunt, cupientibus. An censes nihil -inter eos convenire, nullam pactionem fieri potuisse? Hodie potest. Sed -neutri σκοπὸς est ille, ut nos beati simus; uterque regnare vult. - -Haec a te invitatus breviter exposui. Voluisti enim me, quid, de his -mails sentirem, ostendere. Προθεσπίζω igitur, noster Attice, non -hariolans ut illa, cui nemo credidit, sed coniectura prospiciens: - -"Iamque mari magno--" - -non multo, inquam, secus possum vaticinari. Tanta malorum impendet -Ἰλιάς. Atque hoc nostra gravior est causa, qui domi sumus, quam -illorum, qui una transierunt, quod illi quidem alterum metuunt, nos -utrumque. "Cur igitur," inquis, "remansimus?" Vel tibi paruimus vel non -occurrimus, vel hoc fuit rectius. Conculcari, inquam, miseram Italiam -videbis proxima aestate aut utriusque in mancipiis ex omni genere -collectis, nec tam proscriptio pertimescenda, quae Luceriae multis -sermonibus denuntiata esse dicitur, quam universae rei p. interitus. -Tantas in confligendo utriusque vires video futuras. Habes coniecturam -meam. Tu autem consolationis fortasse aliquid exspectasti. Nihil -invenio, nihil fieri potest miserius, nihil perditius, nihil foedius. - -Quod quaeris, quid Caesar ad me scripserit, quod saepe, gratissimum -sibi esse, quod quierim, oratque, in eo ut perseverem. Balbus minor -haec eadem mandata. Iter autem eius erat ad Lentulum consulem cum -litteris Caesaris praemiorumque promissis, si - - * * * * * - - Page 133 - -Italy under arms, and to gather a huge army. A sort of Sulla's reign -has long been his object, and is the desire of many of his companions. -Or do you think that no agreement, no compromise between him and Caesar -was possible? Why, it is possible to-day: but neither of them looks to -our happiness. Both want to be kings. - -[Sidenote: Ennius, _Alexander_.] - -At your request I have given an outline of my views; for you wanted an -expression of my opinion on these troubles. So I play the prophet, my -dear Atticus, not at random like Cassandra whom no one believed, but -with imaginative insight. "Now on the great sea" my prophecy runs like -the old tag: such an Iliad of woe hangs over us. The case of us, who -stay at home, is worse than that of those who have gone with Pompey, -for they have only one to fear, while we have both. You ask then, why -I stay. Well, in compliance with your request, or because I could not -meet Pompey on his departure, or because it was the more honourable -course. I say you will see poor Italy trodden down next summer or in -the hands of their slaves drawn from every quarter of the globe. It -will not be a proscription (in spite of the talk and threats we hear -of at Luceria) which we shall have to dread, but general destruction. -So huge are the forces that will join in the struggle. That is my -prophecy. Perhaps you looked for consolation. I see none: we have -reached the limit of misery, ruin and disgrace. - -You inquire what Caesar said in his letter. The usual thing, that my -inaction pleases him, and he begs me to maintain it. Balbus the younger -brought the same message by word of mouth. Balbus was travelling to -Lentulus the consul with letters from Caesar, and - - * * * * * - - Page 134 - -Romam revertisset. Verum, cum habeo rationem dierum, ante puto -tramissurum, quam potuerit conveniri. - -Epistularum Pompei duarum, quas ad me misit, neglegentiam meamque in -rescribendo diligentiam volui tibi notam esse. Earum exempla ad te misi. - -Caesaris hic per Apuliam ad Brundisium cursus quid efficiat, exspecto. -Utinam aliquid simile Parthicis rebus! Simul aliquid audiero, scribam -ad te. Tu ad me velim bonorum sermones. Romae frequentes esse dicuntur. -Scio equidem te in publicum non prodire, sed tamen audire te multa -necesse est. Memini librum tibi adferri a Demetrio Magnete ad te missum -[scio][69] περὶ ὁμονοίας. Eum mihi velim mittas. Vides, quam causam -mediter. - -[69] scio _deleted by Wesenberg_. - - - - -XIa - -CN. MAGNUS PROCOS. S. D. M. CICERONI IMP. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Luceriae IV Id. Febr. a. 705_] - -Q. Fabius ad me venit a. d. IIII Idus Febr. Is nuntiat L. Domitium cum -suis cohortibus XII et cum cohortibus XIIII, quas Vibullius adduxit, -ad me iter habere; habuisse in animo proficisci Corfinio a. d. V Idus -Febr.; C. Hirrum cum V cohortibus subsequi. Censeo, ad nos Luceriam -venias. Nam te hic tutissime puto fore. - - * * * * * - - Page 135 - -promises of reward, if he would go back to Rome. Reckoning the days, -however, I fancy Lepidus will cross the sea, before Balbus can meet him. - -I send copies of Pompey's two dispatches to me. Please note his -careless style and my careful answer. - -I am waiting to see the result of this dash of Caesar's on Brundisium -through Apulia. I should like a repetition of the Parthian -incident.[70] As soon as I get any news, I will write. Please send me -the talk of the loyalists who are said to be numerous at Rome. I know -you do not go out, but talk must reach your ears. I remember a book -being given to you by Demetrius of Magnesia. It was dedicated to you, -and bore the title _On Concord_. I should be glad if you would let me -have it. You see the part I am studying. - -[70] I.e. a sudden retreat. Cf. VI, 6. - - - - -XIa - -THE GREETINGS OF CN. MAGNUS PROCONSUL TO CICERO THE IMPERATOR. - - -[Sidenote: _Luceria, Feb. 10_, B.C. _49_] - -Q. Fabius came to me on the 10th of February. He announces that L. -Domitius with his twelve cohorts and fourteen cohorts brought by -Vibullius is on the march towards me; that he intended to leave -Corfinium on the 9th of February and that C. Hirrus with five cohorts -follows behind. I think you should come to me at Luceria, for here I -imagine will be your safest refuge. - - * * * * * - - Page 136 - - - - -XIb - -M. CICERO IMP. S. D. CN. MAGNO PROCOS. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Formiis XIV K. Mart. a. 705_] - -A. d. XV Kalend. Martias Formiis accepi tuas litteras; ex quibus ea, -quae in agro Piceno gesta erant, cognovi commodiora esse multo, quam ut -erat nobis nuntiatum, Vibullique virtutem industriamque libenter agnovi. - -Nos adhuc in ea ora, ubi praepositi sumus, ita fuimus, ut navem -paratam haberemus. Ea enim audiebamus et ea verebamur, ut, quodcumque -tu consilium cepisses, id nobis persequendum putaremus. Nunc, quoniam -auctoritate et consilio tuo in spe firmiore sumus, si teneri posse -putas Tarracinam et oram maritimam, in ea manebo, etsi praesidia in -oppidis nulla sunt. Nemo enim nostri ordinis in his locis est praeter -M. Eppium, quem ego Menturnis esse volui, vigilantem hominem et -industrium. Nam L. Torquatum, virum fortem et cum auctoritate, Formiis -non habemus, ad te profectum arbitramur. - -Ego omnino, ut proxime tibi placuerat, Capuam veni eo ipso die, quo -tu Teano Sidicino es profectus. Volueras enim me cum M. Considio pro -praetore illa negotia tueri. Cum eo venissem, vidi T. Ampium dilectum -habere diligentissime, ab eo accipere Libonem, summa item diligentia -et in illa colonia auctoritate. Fui Capuae, quoad consules. Iterum, ut -erat edictum a consulibus, veni Capuam ad Nonas Februar. Cum fuissem -triduum, recepi me Formias. - - * * * * * - - Page 137 - - - - -XIb - -M. CICERO IMPERATOR GREETINGS TO CN. MAGNUS PROCONSUL. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Feb. 16_, B.C. _49_] - -On the 15th of February I got your letter at Formiae. I gather that -matters in Picenum were much more satisfactory than I had heard, and am -glad to learn of the bravery and energy of Vibullius. - -So far I have stayed on this coast where I was given the command, but -I have kept a boat ready. For the news and my fears were such that I -felt I must follow any plan you should make. But now your influence -and your policy have encouraged me, I will stay in the coast districts -and Tarracina, if you think that the district can be held. The towns, -however, are without garrison, for there is no member of the Senate in -the district except M. Eppius, a man of foresight and energy, whom I -desired to stay at Menturnae. The gallant and influential L. Torquatus -is not at Formiae, but I fancy has set out to join you. - -In entire accord with your latest instructions, I went to Capua on the -very day you left Teanum Sidicinum. For you had desired me to take -part with M. Considius the propraetor in looking after things there. -On arrival I found that T. Ampius was holding a levy with the greatest -energy, and that the troops raised were being taken over by Libo, a -local man of energy and influence. I stayed at Capua as long as the -consuls. Once again in accordance with instructions from the consuls -I went to Capua for the 5th of February. After a stay of three days I -returned to Formiae. - - * * * * * - - Page 138 - - -Nunc quod tuum consilium aut quae ratio belli sit, ignoro. Si tenendam -hanc oram putas, quae et oportunitatem et dignitatem habet et egregios -cives, et, ut arbitror, teneri potest, opus est esse, qui praesit; sin -omnia in unum locum contrahenda sunt, non dubito, quin ad te statim -veniam, quo mihi nihil optatius est, idque tecum, quo die ab urbe -discessimus, locutus sum. Ego, si cui adhuc videor segnior fuisse, dum -ne tibi videar, non laboro, et tamen, si, ut video, bellum gerendum -est, confido me omnibus facile satis facturum. M. Tullium, meum -necessarium, ad te misi, cui tu, si tibi videretur, ad me litteras -dares. - - - - -XIc - -CN. MAGNUS PROCOS. S. D. M. CICERONI IMP. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Canusi X K. Mart. a. 705_] - -S. V. B. Tuas litteras libenter legi. Recognovi enim tuam pristinam -virtutem etiam in salute communi. Consules ad eum exercitum, quem -in Apulia habui, venerunt. Magno opere te hortor pro tuo singulari -perpetuoque studio in rem publicam, ut te ad nos conferas, ut communi -consilio rei publicae adflictae opem atque auxilium feramus. Censeo, -via Appia iter facias et celeriter Brundisium venias. - - - - -XId - -M. CICERO IMP. S. D. CN. MAGNO PROCOS. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Formiis III K. Mart. a. 705_] - -Cum ad te litteras misissem, quae tibi Canusi redditae sunt, -suspicionem nullam habebam te rei publicae - - * * * * * - - Page 139 - - -At the present moment I do not know what are your ideas and plan of -campaign. If you think that this coast should be held--and Capua has -a good position and is an important town, not to speak of its loyal -inhabitants, and to my mind tenable--a commander is wanted. If your -plan is concentration, I will come to you at once without hesitation. -Nothing would delight me more, and I told you so on the day of our -departure from Rome. I do not trouble about criticisms of inactivity -from anyone but yourself. If, as I foresee, war is inevitable, I feel I -can easily satisfy every criticism. I have sent my relative M. Tullius -in case you may wish to send a reply. - - - - -XIc - -CN. MAGNUS PROCONSUL SENDS GREETINGS TO CICERO IMPERATOR. - - -[Sidenote: _Canusium, Febr. 20_, B.C. _49_] - -I hope you are well. I was glad to read your letter, for once again I -recognized your tried courage in the interests of public safety. The -consuls have joined my army in Apulia. I beg you earnestly in the name -of your exceptional and continued zeal for the state to join me as -well, so that we may plan together to benefit and assist the state in -her sore straits. I hold that you should travel by the Appian road and -come with speed to Brundisium. - - - - -XId - -M. CICERO IMPERATOR SENDS GREETINGS TO CN. MAGNUS, PROCONSUL. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Febr. 27_, B.C. _49_] - -When I sent you the letter which was delivered to you at Canusium, I -had no idea that the state's - - * * * * * - - Page 140 - -causa mare transiturum eramque in spe magna fore ut in Italia possemus -aut concordiam constituere qua mihi nihil utilius videbatur, aut rem -publicam summa cum dignitate defendere. Interim nondum meis litteris -ad te perlatis ex iis mandatis, quae D. Laelio ad consules dederas, -certior tui consilii factus non exspectavi, dum mihi a te litterae -redderentur, confestimque cum Quinto fratre et cum liberis nostris -iter ad te in Apuliam facere coepi. Cum Teanum Sidicinum venissem, -C. Messius, familiaris tuus, mihi dixit aliique complures Caesarem -iter habere Capuam et eo ipso die mansurum esse Aeserniae, Sane sum -commotus, quod, si ita esset, non modo iter meum interclusum, sed -me ipsum plane exceptum putabam. Itaque tum Cales processi, ut ibi -potissimum consisterem, dum certum nobis ab Aesernia de eo, quod -audieram, referretur. - -At mihi, cum Calibus essem, adfertur litterarum tuarum exemplum, quas -tu ad Lentulum consulem misisses. Hae scriptae sic erant, litteras tibi -a L. Domitio a. d. XIII Kal. Martias allatas esse (earumque exemplum -subscripseras); magnique interesse rei publicae scripseras omnes copias -primo quoque tempore in unum locum convenire, et ut, praesidio quod -satis esset, Capuae relinqueret. His ego litteris lectis in eadem -opinione fui qua reliqui omnes, te cum omnibus copiis ad Corfinium esse -venturum; quo mihi, cum Caesar ad oppidum castra haberet, tutum iter -esse non abritrabar. - -Cum res in summa exspectatione esset, utrumque simul audivimus, et quae -Corfini acta essent, et te iter Brundisium facere coepisse; cumque nec -mihi nec fratri meo dubium esset, quin Brundisium contenderemus, - - * * * * * - - Page 141 - -welfare would drive you to flight across the seas, and I had great -hopes that it might be in Italy we should either conclude peace -(the wisest course to my mind) or fight for the state with honour -untarnished. My letter cannot have reached you yet, but from the -message which you entrusted to D. Laelius for the consuls I learnt of -your plans. I did not wait for a reply to my letter, but forthwith -set out along with my brother Quintus and the children to join you in -Apulia. On arrival at Teanum Sidicinum I was told by your friend C. -Messius, and many other people, that Caesar was on his way to Capua, -and would bivouac that very day at Aesernia. I was really startled, -as it occurred to me, that, if that was so, my road was closed, and I -myself was quite captured. So I went to Cales, choosing that particular -place to stay at, till I should get certain news from Aesernia as to -the rumour I had heard. - -At Cales I received a copy of your letter to Lentulus the consul. -Its purport was that you had got a letter (of which you subjoined a -copy) from L. Domitius on the 17th of February, and you considered it -of the greatest public importance to concentrate your forces on the -earliest possible occasion, and that a sufficient garrison should be -left at Capua. On the perusal of this dispatch I agreed with others in -supposing that you would come in full force to Corfinium. As Caesar was -encamped against the town, I considered the road thither was not safe -for me. - -Anxiously awaiting news, I heard two reports at the same time: news -of the affair of Corfinium, and that you were coming to Brundisium. -Neither I nor my brother had any hesitation about starting for - - * * * * * - - Page 142 - -a multis, qui e Samnio Apuliaque veniebant, admoniti sumus, ut -caveremus, ne exciperemur a Caesare, quod is in eadem loca, quae -nos petebamus, profectus celerius etiam, quam nos possemus, eo, quo -intenderet, venturus esset. Quod cum ita esset, nec mihi nec fratri meo -nec cuiquam amicorum placuit committere, ut temeritas nostra non solum -nobis, sed etiam rei publicae noceret, cum praesertim non dubitaremus, -quin, si etiam tutum nobis iter fuisset, te tamen iam consequi non -possemus. - -Interim accepimus tuas litteras Canusio a. d. X K. Martias datas, -quibus nos hortaris, ut celerius Brundisium veniamus. Quas cum -accepissemus a. d. III K. Martias, non dubitabamus, quin tu iam -Brundisium pervenisses, nobisque iter illud omnino interclusum -videbamus neque minus nos esse captos, quam qui Corfini fuissent. Neque -enim eos solos arbitrabamur capi, qui in armatorum manus incidissent, -sed ecs nihilo minus, qui regionibus exclusi intra praesidia atque -intra arma aliena venissent. - -Quod cum ita sit, maxime vellem primum semper tecum fuissem; quod -quidem tibi ostenderam, cum a me Capuam reiciebam. Quod feci non -vitandi oneris causa, sed quod videbam teneri illam urbem sine exercitu -non posse, accidere autem mihi nolebam, quod doleo viris fortissimis -accidisse. Quoniam autem, tecum ut essem, non contigit, utinam tui -consilii certior factus essem! Nam suspicione adsequi non potui, quod -omnia prius arbitratus sum fore, quam ut haec rei publicae causa in -Italia non posset duce te consistere. Neque vero nunc consilium tuum -reprehendo, sed fortunam rei publicae lugeo nec, si - - * * * * * - - Page 143 - -Brundisium, when many travellers from Samnium and Apulia warned us to -beware of capture, because Caesar had set out for the same destination, -and was likely to reach there quicker than ourselves. Under those -circumstances, I, my brother and our friends were reluctant to allow -any rashness of ours to damage the state as well as ourselves. -Moreover, we were sure that, even if our path were clear, we could not -overtake you. - -Meanwhile I got a letter from you dated at Canusium, of the 20th of -February, in which you urged me to hasten to Brundisium. Receiving this -on the 27th, I felt confident you must have arrived at Brundisium, -and I saw that our road was quite cut off and we were as completely -captured as the people at Corfinium, for I do not only consider -captured those who fall into the hands of armed bands, but equally -those who, being shut off from a district, find themselves hedged -between a garrison and an enemy in the field. - -This being so, my first and chiefest wish is that I had stayed with you -all the time. I showed you as much when I gave up command at Capua. I -did so, not to shirk my duty, but because I saw that the city could not -be held without troops, and I was reluctant to suffer the fate which I -am sorry to hear has befallen some very brave men. Since, however, I -have not had the fortune to be with you, would that I were acquainted -with your plans, for I cannot imagine them, having hitherto thought -that the last thing to happen would be that the national cause would -not hold its own in Italy under your leadership. I do not criticize -your plan, but I bewail the misfortunes of the state. If I cannot guess -your - - * * * * * - - Page 144 - -ego, quid tu sis secutus, non perspicio, idcirco minus existimo te -nihil nisi summa ratione fecisse. - -Mea quae semper fuerit sententia primum de pace vel iniqua condicione -retinenda, deinde de urbe (nam de Italia quidem nihil mihi umquam -ostenderas), meminisse te arbitror. Sed mihi non sumo, ut meum -consilium valere debuerit; secutus sum tuum neque id rei publicae -causa, de qua desperavi, quae et nunc adflicta est nec excitari sine -civili perniciosissimo bello potest, sed te quaerebam, tecum esse -cupiebam neque eius rei facultatem, si quae erit, praetermittam. - -Ego me in hac omni causa facile intellegebam pugnandi cupidis hominibus -non satis facere. Primum enim prae me tuli me nihil malle quam pacem, -non quin eadem timerem quae illi, sed ea bello civili leviora ducebam. -Deinde suscepto bello, cum pacis condiciones ad te adferri a teque -ad eas honorifice et large responderi viderem, duxi meam rationem; -quam tibi facile me probaturum pro tuo in me beneficio arbitrabar. -Memineram me esse unum, qui pro meis maximis in rem publicam meritis -supplicia miserrima et crudelissima pertulissem, me esse unum, qui, si -offendissem eius animum, cui tum, cum iam in armis essemus, consulatus -tamen alter et triumphus amplissimus deferebatur, subicerer eisdem -proeliis, ut mea persona semper ad improborum civium impetus aliquid -videretur habere populare. Atque haec non ego prius sum suspicatus, -quam mihi palam denuntiata sunt, neque ea tam pertimui, si subeunda -essent, quam declinanda putavi, si honeste vitare possem. Quam brevem -illius temporis, dum in spe pax fuit, - - * * * * * - - Page 145 - -policy, I still suppose that you have done nothing without cogent -reasons. - -I think you remember that my vote has always been for peace, even on -poor terms, and secondly for holding the city. As to Italy you gave -me no inkling. I do not claim that my policy should have prevailed. -I followed yours, not indeed for the sake of the state, of which I -despaired and which even now lies in ruin and cannot be restored -without a most calamitous civil war, but I wanted you, I longed to be -with you, nor will I omit any opportunity that may occur of attaining -my wish. - -In the whole of this crisis I was well aware that my policy of peace -did not please the advocates of war. In the first place I professed to -prefer peace above all things, not because I had not the same fears -as they had, but because I counted those fears of less moment than -intestine war. Then indeed, after war had begun, when I saw terms of -peace offered to you, and met by you in an honourable and generous way, -I began to consider what my own interests were. That line of conduct I -suppose your kindness will easily excuse. I remembered that I was the -one man of all others who had suffered most cruel misery and punishment -for the greatest services to the state; that I was the one man who, if -I had offended Caesar (Caesar to whom was offered even on the eve of -battle a second consulship and a princely triumph), would be subjected -to the same struggle as before; for a personal attack on me seems to be -always popular with the disloyal. This idea only came to me after open -threats. It was not persecution I feared, if it were inevitable, but I -thought I should seek any escape that honour could allow. There is an -outline - - * * * * * - - Page 146 - -rationem nostram vides, reliqui facultatem res ademit. Iis autem, -quibus non satis facio, facile respondeo. Neque enim ego amicior C. -Caesari umquam fui quam illi neque illi amiciores rei publicae quam -ego. Hoc inter me et illos interest, quod, cum et illi cives optimi -sint, et ego ab ista laude non absim, ego condicionibus, quod idem te -intellexeram velle, illi armis disceptari maluerunt. Quae quoniam ratio -vicit, perficiam profecto, ut neque res publica civis a me animum neque -tu amici desideres. - - - - -XII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Formiis prid. K. Mart. a. 705_] - -Mihi molestior lippitudo erat etiam, quam ante fuerat. Dictare tamen -hanc epistulam malui quam Gallo Fadio amantissimo utriusque nostrum -nihil ad te litterarum dare. Nam pridie quidem, quoquo modo potueram, -scripseram ipse eas litteras, quarum vaticinationem falsam esse cupio. -Huius autem epistulae non solum ea causa est, ut ne quis a me dies -intermittatur, quin dem ad te litteras, sed etiam haec iustior, ut a te -impetrarem, ut sumeres aliquid temporis, quo quia tibi perexiguo opus -est, explicari mihi tuum consilium plane volo, ut penitus intellegam. - -Omnia sunt integra nobis; nihil praetermissum est, quod non habeat -sapientem excusationem, non modo probabilem. Nam certe neque tum -peccavi, cum - - * * * * * - - Page 147 - -of my policy while there was hope of peace; its fulfilment was cut -short by circumstances. I have an easy reply to my critics. I have -never been more friendly to Caesar than they, and they are not more -friendly to the state than I. The difference between them and me is -this: they are loyal citizens, and I too deserve the title, but I -wanted settlement on terms which I understood you also desired, and -they wanted settlement by arms. Since their policy has won, I will do -my best that the state may not find me fail in the duties of a citizen, -nor you in the duties of a friend. - - - - -XII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, Febr. 28_, B.C. _49_] - -I am even more troubled by inflammation of the eyes than I was before. -Still I prefer to dictate this letter, rather than let Gallus Fadius, -who has a sincere regard for us both, have no letter to give you. -Yesterday I wrote myself to the best of my ability a letter containing -prognostications, which I hope may prove false. One excuse for the -present missive is my desire to let no day pass without communicating -with you, but there is a still more reasonable excuse, to beg you to -devote a little time to my case, and, as it will be a short business, -I hope you will explain your view thoroughly and make it quite -intelligible to me. - -I have not committed myself at all. There has been no omission on my -part for which I cannot give not merely a plausible but a reasonable -excuse. Assuredly I was not guilty of any fault, when, to avoid - - * * * * * - - Page 148 - -imparatam Capuam non solum ignaviae dedecus, sed etiam perfidiae -suspicionem fugiens accipere nolui, neque cum post condiciones pacis -per L. Caesarem et L. Fabatum allatas cavi, ne animum eius offenderem, -cui Pompeius iam armatus armato consulatum triumphumque deferret. Nec -vero haec extrema quisquam potest iure reprehendere, quod mare non -transierim. Id enim, etsi erat deliberationis, tamen obire non potui. -Neque enim suspicari debui, praesertim cum ex ipsius Pompei litteris, -idem quod video te existimasse, non dubitarim, quin is Domitio -subventurus esset, et plane, quid rectum et quid faciendum mihi esset, -diutius cogitare malui. - -Primum igitur, haec qualia tibi esse videantur, etsi significata sunt -a te, tamen accuratius mihi perscribas velim, deinde aliquid etiam in -posterum prospicias fingasque, quem me esse deceat, et ubi me plurimum -prodesse rei publicae sentias, ecquae pacifica persona desideretur an -in bellatore sint omnia. - -Atque ego, qui omnia officio metior, recordor tamen tua consilia; -quibus si paruissem, tristitiam illorum temporum non subissem. Memini, -quid mihi tum suaseris per Theophanem, per Culleonem, idque saepe -ingemiscens sum recordatus. Quare nunc saltem ad illos calculos -revertamur, quos tum abiecimus, ut non solum gloriosis consiliis -utamur, sed etiam paulo salubrioribus. Sed nihil praescribo; accurate -velim perscribas tuam ad me sententiam. Volo etiam exquiras, quam -diligentissime poteris - - * * * * * - - Page 149 - -blame for cowardice and the charge of treachery to boot, I refused to -take over Capua in its unprepared state. Nor am I to blame, when, after -L. Caesar and L. Fabatus had brought terms of peace, I took precautions -not to incur the enmity of a man to whom Pompey was offering the -consulship and a triumph, when both were under arms. Finally I cannot -rightly be called to account for not crossing the sea: for, though that -was a course which was worthy of consideration, still I could not keep -Pompey's appointment. Nor could I guess his policy, especially as from -his own letter, as I see you inferred, I had no idea that he would fail -to relieve Domitius. And certainly I wanted time to consider what was -right and what I ought to do. - -Firstly, then, I wish you would write me a careful account of your -views, though you have already outlined them, and secondly that you -would glance at the future, and give me an idea of what course you -think would become me, where you suppose I can serve the state best, -and whether the part of a man of peace is required at all, or whether -everything depends on a fighter. - -And I, who test everything by the standard of duty, yet remember -your advice. Had I followed it, I should have been saved from the -wretchedness of that crisis in my life. I call to mind the counsel -you sent me then by Theophanes and Culleo, and the memory of it often -makes me groan. So let me now at last go over the old reckoning which -then I cast aside, to the end that I may follow a plan, which has in -view not only glory, but also some measure of safety. However, I make -no conditions: please give me your candid opinion. And please use your -best energies to - - * * * * * - - Page 150 - -(habebis autem, per quos possis), quid Lentulus noster, quid Domitius -agat, quid acturus sit, quem ad modum nunc se gerant, num quem -accusent, num cui suscenseant--quid dico num cui? num Pompeio. Omnino -culpam omnem Pompeius in Domitium confert, quod ipsius litteris -cognosci potest, quarum exemplum ad te misi. Haec igitur videbis, et, -quod ad te ante scripsi, Demetri Magnetis librum, quem ad te misit de -concordia, velim mihi mittas. - - - - -XIIa - -CN. MAGNUS PROCOS. S. D. C. MARCELLO, L. LENTULO COSS. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Luceriae XIII aut XII K. Mart. a. 705_] - -Ego, quod existimabam dispersos nos neque rei publicae utiles neque -nobis praesidio esse posse, idcirco ad L. Domitium litteras misi, -primum uti ipse cum omni copia ad nos veniret; si de se dubitaret, ut -cohortes XVIIII, quae ex Piceno ad me iter habebant, ad nos mitteret. -Quod veritus sum, factum est, ut Domitius implicaretur et neque ipse -satis firmus esset ad castra facienda, quod meas XVIIII et suas XII -cohortes tribus in oppidis distributas haberet (nam partim Albae, -partim Sulmone collocavit), neque se, si vellet, expedire posset. - -Nunc scitote me esse in summa sollicitudine. Nam et tot et tales viros -periculo obsidionis liberare cupio neque subsidio ire possum, quod his -duabus legionibus - - * * * * * - - Page 151 - -inquire (for you have suitable agents) what our friend Lentulus and -what Domitius is doing, what they intend to do, what is their present -attitude, whether they blame or are annoyed with anyone--why do I say -anyone?--I mean Pompey. Pompey does not hesitate to put the whole blame -on Domitius, as can be inferred from his letter, of which I send you -a copy. So please consider these points, and, as I wrote you before, -kindly send me that volume _On Concord_, by Demetrius of Magnesia, -which he sent to you. - - - - -XIIa - -CN. MAGNUS PROCONSUL SENDS GREETING TO THE CONSULS C. MARCELLUS AND L. -LENTULUS. - - -[Sidenote: _Luceria, Feb. 17 or 18_, B.C. _49_] - -As I considered that with divided forces we could be of no service to -the state and no protection to one another, I sent a dispatch to L. -Domitius to come to me at once with all his forces, and that, if he was -dubious about himself, he should send me the nineteen cohorts, which -as a matter of fact were on the march to me from Picenum. My fears -have been realized. Domitius has been trapped and is not strong enough -himself to pitch a camp, because he has my nineteen and his own twelve -cohorts scattered in three towns (for some he has stationed at Alba and -some at Sulmo), and he is unable to free himself even if he wished. - -I must inform you that this has caused me the greatest anxiety. I am -anxious to free men so numerous and of such importance from the danger -of a siege, and I cannot go to their assistance, because I do not think -that I can trust these two - - * * * * * - - Page 152 - -non puto esse committendum, ut illuc ducantur, ex quibus tamen non -amplius XIIII cohortes contrahere potui, quod duas Brundisium misi -neque Canusium sine praesidio, dum abessem, putavi esse dimittendum. - -D. Laelio mandaram, quod maiores copias sperabam nos habituros, ut, si -vobis videretur, alter uter vestrum ad me veniret, alter in Siciliam -cum ea copia, quam Capuae et circum Capuam comparastis, et cum iis -militibus, quos Faustus legit, proficisceretur, Domitius cum XII -suis cohortibus eodem adiungeretur, reliquae copiae omnes Brundisium -cogerentur et inde navibus Dyrrachium transportarentur. Nunc, cum hoc -tempore nihilo magis ego quam vos subsidio Domitio ire possim, ... -se per montes explicare non est nobis committendum, ut ad has XIIII -cohortes, quas dubio animo habeo, hostis accedere aut in itinere me -consequi possit. - -Quam ob rem placitum est mihi (talia video[71] censeri M. Marcello -et ceteris nostri ordinis, qui hic sunt), ut Brundisium ducerem hanc -copiam, quam mecum habeo. Vos hortor, ut, quodcumque militum contrahere -poteritis, contrahatis et eodem Brundisium veniatis quam primum. Arma -quae ad me missuri eratis, iis censeo armetis milites, quos vobiscum -habetis. Quae arma superabunt, ea si Brundisium iumentis deportaritis, -vehementer rei publicae profueritis. De hac re velim nostros certiores -faciatis. Ego ad P. Lupum et C. Coponium praetores misi, ut se vobis -coniungerent, et militum quod haberent ad vos deducerent. - -[71] talia video _Tyrrell_; altia video _MSS._ - - * * * * * - - Page 153 - -legions to march to that place: moreover I have not been able to bring -together more than fourteen cohorts of them, because two were sent -to Brundisium, and Canusium to my mind could not be left without a -garrison in my absence. - -Hoping to collect larger forces I instructed D. Laelius, that with your -approval one of you should come to me, and the other set out for Sicily -with the force you have collected at Capua and in the neighbourhood, -and with Faustus' recruits; that Domitius with his twelve cohorts -should join up, and all the other troops should concentrate at -Brundisium, and from thence be taken by sea to Dyrrachium. Now, -since at the present time I am no more able than yourselves to go to -Domitius' assistance [and it remains for him][72] to extricate himself -by the mountain route, I must take steps that the enemy may not meet my -fourteen doubtful cohorts or overtake me on the march. - -[72] Some words appear to be missing here. - -Accordingly--and I see M. Marcellus and other members of the House -who are here approve--I am resolved to lead my present forces to -Brundisium. You I urge to concentrate all the forces you can and to -come with them to Brundisium at the first opportunity. I consider that -the arms which you meant to send to me should be used to arm your -troops. If you will have the remaining arms carted to Brundisium, you -will have done the state great service. Please give these instructions -to my supporters. I am sending word to the praetors, P. Lupus and C. -Coponius, to join you with whatever soldiery they have. - - * * * * * - - Page 154 - - - - -XIIb - -CN. MAGNUS PROCOS. S. D. L. DOMITIO PROCOS. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Luceriae III aut prid. Id. Febr. a. 705_] - -Valde miror te ad me nihil scribere et potius ab aliis quam a te de re -publica me certiorem fieri. Nos disiecta manu pares adversario esse -non possumus; contractis nostris copiis spero nos et rei publicae et -communi saluti prodesse posse. Quam ob rem, cum constituisses, ut -Vibullius mihi scripserat, a. d. V Id. Febr. Corfinio proficisci cum -exercitu et ad me venire, miror, quid causae fuerit, quare consilium -mutaris. Nam illa causa, quam mihi Vibullius scribit, levis est, te -propterea moratum esse, quod audieris Caesarem Firmo progressum in -Castrum Truentinum venisse. Quanto enim magis appropinquare adversarius -coepit, eo tibi celerius agendum erat, ut te mecum coniungeres, -priusquam Caesar aut tuum iter impedire aut me abs te excludere posset. - -Quam ob rem etiam atque etiam te rogo et hortor, id quod non destiti -superioribus litteris a te petere, ut primo quoque die Luceriam ad me -venires, antequam copiae, quas instituit Caesar contrahere, in unum -locum coactae vos a nobis distrahant. Sed, si erunt, qui te impediant, -ut villas suas servent, aequum est me a te impetrare, ut cohortes, quae -ex Piceno et Camerino venerunt, quae fortunas suas reliquerunt, ad me -missum facias. - - * * * * * - - Page 155 - - - - -XIIb - -GREETINGS FROM CN. MAGNUS PROCONSUL TO L. DOMITIUS PROCONSUL. - - -[Sidenote: _Luceria, Feb. 11 or 12_, B.C. _49_] - -I am greatly astonished that you send me no letters, and that I am kept -informed of the political situation by others rather than yourself. -With divided forces we cannot hope to cope with the enemy: united, I -trust we may do something for the safety of our country. Wherefore, -as you had arranged, according to Vibullius' letter, to start with -your army from Corfinium on the 9th of February and to come to me, I -wonder what reason there has been for your change of plan. The reason -mentioned by Vibullius is trivial, namely that you were delayed on -hearing that Caesar had left Firmum and arrived at Castrum Truentinum. -For the nearer our enemy begins to approach, the quicker you ought to -have joined forces with me, before Caesar could obstruct your march or -cut me off from you. - -Wherefore again and again I entreat and exhort you--as I did in my -previous letter--to come to Luceria on the first possible day, before -the forces which Caesar has begun to collect can concentrate and divide -us. But, if people try to keep you back to protect their country seats, -I must ask you to dispatch to me the cohorts, which have come from -Picenum and Camerinum abandoning their own interests. - - * * * * * - - Page 156 - - - - -XIIc - -CN. MAGNUS PROCOS. S. D. L. DOMITIO PROCOS. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Luceriae XIV K. Mart. a. 705_] - -Litteras abs te M. Calenius ad me attulit a d. XIIII Kal. Martias; in -quibus litteris scribis tibi in animo esse observare Caesarem, et, si -secundum mare ad me ire coepisset, confestim in Samnium ad me venturum, -sin autem ille circum istaec loca commoraretur, te ei, si propius -accessisset, resistere velle. - -Te animo magno et forti istam rem agere existimo, sed diligentius -nobis est videndum, ne distracti pares esse adversario non possimus, -cum ille magnas copias habeat et maiores brevi habiturus sit. Non enim -pro tua prudentia debes illud solum animadvertere, quot in praesentia -cohortes contra te habeat Caesar, sed quantas brevi tempore equitum -et peditum copias contracturus sit. Cui rei testimonio sunt litterae, -quas Bussenius ad me misit; in quibus scribit, id quod ab aliis quoque -mihi scribitur, praesidia Curionem, quae in Umbria et Tuscis erant, -contrahere et ad Caesarem iter facere. Quae si copiae in unum locum -fuerint coactae, ut pars exercitus ad Albam mittatur, pars ad te -accedat, ut non pugnet, sed locis suis repugnet, haerebis, neque solus -cum ista copia tantam multitudinem sustinere poteris, ut frumentatum -eas. - -Quam ob rem te magno opere hortor, ut quam primum cum omnibus copiis -hoc venias. Consules constituerunt idem facere. Ego M. Tuscilio ad te - - * * * * * - - Page 157 - - - - -XIIc - -CN. MAGNUS PROCONSUL SENDS GREETING TO L. DOMITIUS PROCONSUL. - - -[Sidenote: _Luceria, Feb. 16_, B.C. _49_] - -M. Calenius has brought me a letter from you dated the 16th of -February, in which you express the intention of watching Caesar and -hurrying to join me in Samnium, if he shall begin to march against me -along the coast: but, if he linger in your neighbourhood, you say you -wish to oppose his nearer advance. - -To my mind your policy is ambitious and brave, but we must take great -care that, if divided, we may not be outmatched by the enemy, since -Caesar has numerous troops and in a short time will have more. A man -of your judgement ought to bear in mind not only the size of Caesar's -present array against you but the number of infantry and cavalry that -he will soon collect. Evidence of that contingency is in the letter -which Bussenius dispatched to me, and it agrees with the missives from -others in stating that Curio is concentrating the garrisons which were -in Umbria and Etruria and marching to join Caesar. With these forces -combined, though one division may be sent to Alba, and another advance -on you, and though Caesar may refrain from the offensive and be content -to defend his position, still you will be in a fix, nor will you be -able with your following to make sufficient head against such numbers -to allow of your sending out foraging parties. - -Therefore I beg you earnestly to come here on the first opportunity -with all your forces. The consuls have decided to do the same. I have -instructed - - * * * * * - - Page 158 - -mandata dedi providendum esse, ne duae legiones sine Picentinis -cohortibus in conspectum Caesaris committerentur. Quam ob rem nolito -commoveri, si audieris me regredi, si forte Caesar ad me veniet; -cavendum enim puto esse, ne implicatus haeream. Nam neque castra -propter anni tempus et militum animos facere possum, neque ex omnibus -oppidis contrahere copias expedit, ne receptum amittam. Itaque non -amplius xiiii cohortes Luceriam coegi. Consules praesidia omnia -deducturi sunt aut in Siciliam ituri. Nam aut exercitum firmum habere -oportet, quo confidamus perrumpere nos posse, aut regiones eius modi -obtinere, e quibus repugnemus; id quod neutrum nobis hoc tempore -contigit, quod et magnam partem Italiae Caesar occupavit, et nos non -habemus exercitum tam amplum neque tam magnum quam ille. Itaque nobis -providendum est, ut summam rei publicae rationem habeamus. Etiam -atque etiam te hortor, ut cum omni copia quam primum ad me venias. -Possumus etiam nunc rem publicam erigere, si communi consilio negotium -administrabimus; si distrahemur, infirmi erimus. Mihi hoc constitutum -est. - -His litteris scriptis Sicca abs te mihi litteras et mandata attulit. -Quod me hortare, ut istuc veniam, id me facere non arbitror posse, quod -non magno opere his legionibus confido. - - - - -XIId - -CN. MAGNUS PROCOS. S. D. L. DOMITIO PROCOS. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Luceriae XIII K. Mart. 705_] - -Litterae mihi a te redditae sunt a. d. XIII Kal. Martias, in quibus -scribis Caesarem apud Corfinium - - * * * * * - - Page 159 - -M. Tuscilius to tell you that we must beware lest the two legions -without the cohorts from Picenum come within sight of Caesar. -Accordingly do not be disturbed if you hear of my retreat in the face -of Caesar's possible advance, for I consider that I must take every -step to avoid being trapped. The season of the year and the spirit of -my troops prevents me from making a camp; nor is it wise to collect the -garrisons from all the towns, lest room for retreat be lost. So I have -not mustered more than fourteen cohorts at Luceria. The consuls will -bring in all their garrisons to me or start for Sicily. We must either -have an army strong enough to allow of our breaking through the enemy's -lines, or get and hold localities we can defend. At the present moment -we have neither of those advantages: a large part of Italy is held by -Caesar, and our army is neither so well equipped nor so large as his. -We must therefore take care to look to the main issue. Again and again -I beg you to come to me as soon as possible with all your forces. Even -now the constitution may be restored, if we take common counsel in our -action. Division means weakness: of that I am positive. - -After I had written my letter Sicca brought me a dispatch and message -from you. I fear I cannot comply with your request for assistance, -because I do not put much trust in these legions. - - - - -XIId - -CN. MAGNUS PROCONSUL SENDS SALUTATION TO DOMITIUS PROCONSUL. - - -[Sidenote: _Luceria Feb. 17_, B.C. _49_] - -A dispatch from you reached me on the 17th of February saying that -Caesar had pitched his camp in - - * * * * * - - Page 160 - -castra posuisse. Quod putavi et praemonui, fit, ut nec in praesentia -committere tecum proelium velit et omnibus copiis conductis te -implicet, ne ad me iter tibi expeditum sit atque istas copias -coniungere optimorum civium possis cum his legionibus, de quarum -voluntate dubitamus. Quo etiam magis tuis litteris sum commotus. Neque -enim eorum militum, quos mecum habeo, voluntate satis confido, ut de -omnibus fortunis rei publicae dimicem, neque etiam, qui ex dilectibus -conscripti sunt consulibus, convenerunt. - -Quare da operam, si ulla ratione etiam nunc efficere potes, ut te -explices, hoc quam primum venias, antequam omnes copiae ad adversarium -conveniant. Neque enim celeriter ex dilectibus hoc homines convenire -possunt, et, si convenirent, quantum iis committendum sit, qui inter se -ne noti quidem sunt, contra veteranas legiones, non te praeterit. - - - - -XIII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Formiis K. Mart. a. 705_] - -Lippitudinis meae signum tibi sit librarii manus et eadem causa -brevitatis; etsi nunc quidem, quod scriberem, nihil erat. Omnis -exspectatio nostra erat in nuntiis Brundisinis. Si nanctus hic esset -Gnaeum nostrum, spes dubia pacis, sin ille ante tramisisset, exitiosi -belli metus. Sed videsne, in quem hominem inciderit res publica, quam -acutum, quam vigilantem, quam paratum? Si mehercule neminem occiderit -nec cuiquam quicquam ademerit, ab iis, qui eum maxime timuerant, -maxime diligetur. Multum mecum municipales homines loquuntur, multum -rusticani; nihil - - * * * * * - - Page 161 - -the neighbourhood of Corfinium. What I expected and foretold has -happened: he refuses to meet you in the field at present, and he is -hemming you in with all his forces concentrated, so that the road may -not be clear for you to join me and unite your loyal contingent with -my legions whose allegiance is questionable. Consequently I am all the -more upset by your dispatch: for I cannot place sufficient confidence -in the loyalty of my men to risk a decisive engagement, nor have the -levies recruited for the consuls come here. - -So do your best, if any tactics can extricate you even now, to join me -as soon as possible before our enemy can concentrate all his forces. -The levies cannot reach here at an early date, and, even if they were -concentrated, you must see how little trust can be put in troops, which -do not even know one another by sight, when facing a veteran army. - - - - -XIII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 1_, B.C. _49_] - -Let my secretary's handwriting be proof that I am suffering from -inflammation of the eyes, and that is my reason for brevity, though now -to be sure I have no news. I depend entirely on news from Brundisium. -If Caesar has come up with our friend Pompey, there is some slight hope -of peace: but, if Pompey has crossed the sea, we must look for war and -massacre. Do you see the kind of man into whose hands the state has -fallen? What foresight, what energy, what readiness! Upon my word, if -he refrain from murder and rapine, he will be the darling of those who -dreaded him most. The people of the country towns and the farmers talk -to me a great deal. They care for nothing at all - - * * * * * - - Page 162 - -prorsus aliud curant nisi agros, nisi villulas, nisi nummulos suos. Et -vide, quam conversa res sit; illum, quo antea confidebant, metuunt, -hunc amant, quem timebant. Id quantis nostris peccatis vitiisque -evenerit, non possum sine molestia cogitare. Quae autem impendere -putarem, scripseram ad te et iam tuas litteras exspectabam. - - - - -XIV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Formiis VI Non. Mart. a. 705_] - -Non dubito, quin tibi odiosae sint epistulae cotidianae, cum praesertim -neque nova de re aliqua certiorem te faciam neque novam denique iam -reperiam scribendi ullam sententiam. Sed, si dedita opera, cum causa -nulla esset, tabellarios ad te cum inanibus epistulis mitterem, facerem -inepte; euntibus vero, domesticis praesertim, ut nihil ad te dem -litterarum, facere non possum et simul, crede mihi, requiesco paulum -in his miseriis, cum quasi tecum loquor, cum vero tuas epistulas lego, -multo etiam magis. Omnino intellego nullum fuisse tempus post has fugas -et formidines nostras, quod magis debuerit mutum esse a litteris, -propterea quod neque Romae quicquam auditur novi nec in his locis, quae -a Brundisio absunt propius quam tu bidui aut tridui.[73] Brundisi autem -omne certamen vertitur huius primi temporis. Qua quidem exspectatione -torqueor. Sed omnia ante Nonas sciemus. Eodem enim die video Caesarem -a Corfinio post meridiem profectum esse, id est Feralibus, quo Canusio -mane Pompeium. Eo modo autem ambulat Caesar et iis congiariis militum -celeritatem incitat, ut timeam, ne citius ad Brundisium, quam - -[73] bidui aut tridui _Reid_: biduum aut triduum _MSS._ - - * * * * * - - Page 163 - -but their lands, their little homesteads and their tiny hoards. And see -how public opinion has changed. They fear the man they once trusted, -and adore the man they once dreaded. It pains me to think of the -mistakes and wrongs of ours that are responsible for this reaction. I -wrote you what I thought would be our fate, and I now await a letter -from you. - - - - -XIV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 2_ B.C. _49_] - -I have no doubt my daily letter must bore you, especially as I have no -fresh news, nor can I find any new excuse for a letter. If I should -employ special messengers to convey my chatter to you without reason, -I should be a fool: but I cannot refrain from entrusting letters to -folk who are bound for Rome, especially when they are members of my -household. Believe me, too, when I seem to talk with you, I have some -little relief from sorrow, and, when I read a letter from you, far -greater relief. I am quite aware that there has been no time, since -fear drove me to flight, when silence and no letters would have been -more appropriate, for the good reason that there is no fresh news at -Rome, nor here--two or three days' journey nearer Brundisium. The issue -of this first campaign will turn entirely on the action at Brundisium: -and I am on thorns to hear the result. However, all will be known by -the 7th. On the noon of the day (that is the 21st of February), on the -morning of which Pompey left Canusium, I see that Caesar set out from -Corfinium. But Caesar marches in such a way, and so spurs his men with -largess, that I fear he may reach Brundisium sooner than we - - * * * * * - - Page 164 - -opus sit, accesserit. Dices: "Quid igitur proficis, qui anticipes -eius rei molestiam, quam triduo sciturus sis?" Nihil equidem; sed, -ut supra dixi, tecum perlibenter loquor, et simul scito labare meum -consilium illud, quod satis iam fixum videbatur. Non mihi satis idonei -sunt auctores ii, qui a te probantur. Quod enim umquam eorum in re -publica forte factum exstitit? aut quis ab iis ullam rem laude dignam -desiderat? Nec mehercule laudandos existimo, qui trans mare belli -parandi causa profecti sunt. Quamquam haec ferenda non erant. Video -enim, quantum id bellum et quam pestiferum futurum sit. Sed me movet -unus vir; cuius fugientis comes, rem publicam recuperantis socius -videor esse debere. "Totiensne igitur sententiam mutas?" Ego tecum -tamquam mecum loquor. Quis autem est, tanta quidem de re quin varie -secum ipse disputet? simul et elicere cupio sententiam tuam, si manet, -ut firmior sim, si mutata est, ut tibi adsentiar. Omnino ad id, de -quo dubito, pertinet me scire, quid Domitius acturus sit, quid noster -Lentulus. - -De Domitio varia audimus, modo esse in Tiburti haut lepide, modo cum -Lepidis[74] accessisse ad urbem, quod item falsum video esse. Ait enim -Lepidus eum nescio quo penetrasse itineribus occultis occultandi sui -causa an maris apiscendi, ne is quidem scit. Ignorat etiam de filio. -Addit illud sane molestum, pecuniam Domitio satis grandem, quam is -Corfini habuerit, non esse redditam. De Lentulo autem nihil audimus. -Haec velim exquiras ad meque perscribas. - -[74] aut lepidi quo cum lepidus _M_: _the reading of the text is that -of Tyrrell, who suspects a pun on the name Lepidus_. - - * * * * * - - Page 165 - -want. You may wonder why I forestall disagreeable tidings which will be -known in three days' time. I have no reason, except, as I said before, -that I love to talk to you; and at the same time I want you to know -that what I had counted my fixed resolve is shaken. The precedents you -quote with approval don't quite fit my case. They are those of men who -have never distinguished themselves by great political action, and -are not looked up to for any act of merit. Nor, let me tell you, have -I any praise for those who have crossed the sea to make preparations -for war--unbearable as things here were. For I foresee how great and -calamitous that war will be. I am influenced only by one man, whom -I think I ought to accompany in flight, and help in the restoration -of the constitution. I may seem variable; but I talk with you as I -talk with myself, and there is no one who, in such a crisis, does not -view matters in many lights. Moreover, I want to get your opinion, -to encourage me, if you have not changed it, or otherwise to win my -assent. It is particularly necessary for me to know in my dilemma what -course Domitius and my friend Lentulus will take. - -As for Domitius I hear many reports: at one time that he is at Tibur -out of sorts, at another that he has consorted with the Lepidi in -their march to Rome. That I see is untrue. For Lepidus says that he -is following a hidden path, but whether to hide or reach the sea even -he does not know. Lepidus has no news about his son either. He adds a -provoking detail, that Domitius has failed to get back a large sum of -money which he had at Corfinium. Of Lentulus I have no news. Please -make inquiries on these points and inform me. - - * * * * * - - Page 166 - - - - -XV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Formiis V Non. Mart. a. 705_] - -A. d. V Nonas Martias epistulas mihi tuas Aegypta reddidit, unam -veterem, IIII Kal. quam te scribis dedisse Pinario, quem non vidimus; -in qua exspectas, quidnam praemissus agat Vibullius, qui omnino non est -visus a Caesare (id altera epistula video te scire ita esse), et quem -ad modum redeuntem excipiam Caesarem, quem omnino vitare cogito, et -αὐθήμερον[75] fugam intendis[76] commutationemque vitae tuae, quod tibi -puto esse faciendum, et ignoras, Domitius cum fascibusne sit. Quod cum -scies, facies, ut sciamus. Habes ad primam epistulam. - -[75] _I have ventured to read_ αὐθήμερον _for the corrupt_ authemonis -_of M, as being an easy alteration palæographically. Many suggestions -have been made_ (_e.g._ Automedontis _by Müller_). - -[76] intendis _F. Schütz_: tendis _MSS._ - -Secutae sunt duae pr. Kal. ambae datae, quae me convellerunt de -pristino statu iam tamen, ut ante ad te scripsi, labantem. Nec me -movet, quod scribis "Iovi ipsi iniquum." Nam periculum in utriusque -iracundia positum est, victoria autem ita incerta, ut deterior causa -paratior mihi esse videatur. Nec me consules movent, qui ipsi pluma aut -folio facilius moventur. Officii me deliberatio cruciat cruciavitque -adhuc. Cautior certe est mansio, honestior existimatur traiectio. Malo -interdum, multi me non caute quam pauci non honeste fecisse existiment. -De Lepido et Tullo quod quaeris, illi vero non dubitant, - - * * * * * - - Page 167 - - - - -XV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 3_ B.C. _49_] - -On the 3rd of March Aegypta[77] brought me your letters, one an old -one dated February 26, which you say you handed to Pinarius, whom I -have not seen. In that letter you were waiting to hear the result of -Vibullius' advance mission. He did not meet Caesar at all, as I see -from your second letter you are aware. You also wanted to know how I -shall receive Caesar on his return. I intend to shun him altogether. -And you contemplate flight on the day he comes, and a change in your -life, which I agree is politic. You wrote too that you do not know -if Domitius keeps his fasces. When you do know, please tell me. That -settles the first letter. - -[77] A slave of Cicero's. - -There follow two more dated the 28th of February, which hurled me from -my old position, when I was already tottering, as I had informed you. -I am not upset by your phrase "angry with almighty God."[78] There -is danger not only in Pompey's anger, but in Caesar's, and the issue -is doubtful, though to me the worst cause seems better equipped. Nor -am I influenced by the consuls, who themselves are more easily moved -than leaf or feather. It is consideration of my duty that tortures me -and has been torturing me all along. To remain in Italy is certainly -safer: to cross the sea the path of honour. Sometimes I prefer that -many should accuse me of rashness, rather than the select few of -dishonourable action. For your query about Lepidus and Tullus, they have - -[78] This probably means that Pompey had said he would be angry with -every one who did not leave Rome, even with Jupiter. - - * * * * * - - Page 168 - -quin Caesari praesto futuri in senatumque venturi sint. - -Recentissima tua est epistula Kal. data, in qua optas congressum -pacemque non desperas. Sed ego, cum haec scribebam, nec illos -congressuros nec, si congressi essent, Pompeium ad ullam condicionem -accessurum putabam. Quod videris non dubitare, si consules transeant, -quid nos facere oporteat, certe transeunt vel, quo modo nunc est, -transierunt. Sed memento praeter Appium neminem esse fere, qui non ius -habeat transeundi. Nam aut cum imperio sunt ut Pompeius, ut Scipio, -Sufenas, Fannius, Voconius, Sestius, ipsi consules, quibus more maiorum -concessum est vel omnes adire provincias, aut legati sunt eorum. Sed -nihil decerno; quid placeat tibi, et quid prope modum rectum sit, -intellego. - -Plura scriberem, si ipse possem. Sed, ut mihi videor, potero biduo. -Balbi Corneli litterarum exemplum, quas eodem die accepi quo tuas, misi -ad te, ut meam vicem doleres, cum me derideri videres. - - - - -XVa - -BALBUS CICERONI IMP. SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Romae ex. m. Febr a. 705_] - -Obsecro te, Cicero, suscipe curam et cogitationem dignissimam tuae -virtutis, ut Caesarem et Pompeium perfidia hominum distractos rursus in -pristinam concordiam reducas. Crede mihi Caesarem non solum fore in tua -potestate, sed etiam maximum beneficium te sibi dedisse iudicaturum, si -hoc te reicis. Velim - - * * * * * - - Page 169 - -decided to meet Caesar and to take their seats in the House. - -In your last letter, dated the 1st of March, you long for a meeting -between the two leaders, and have hopes of peace. But at the time of -writing I fancy they will not meet, and that, if they do, Pompey will -not agree to any terms. You seem to have no doubt as to what I ought -to do, if the consuls go over-seas; well they will go, or rather have -now gone. But bear in mind that of their number it is practically only -Appius who has not a right to cross. The rest are either invested -with military power, like Pompey, Scipio, Sufenas, Fannius, Voconius, -Sestius and the consuls themselves, who by old custom may visit all the -provinces; or else they are legates. However I have no positive views. -I know what you approve and pretty well what it is right to do. - -My letter would be longer, if I could write myself. I fancy I shall -be able in two days' time. I have had Cornelius Balbus' letter, which -I received on the same day as yours, copied, and I forward it to you, -that you may sympathize with me on seeing me mocked. - - - - -XVa - -BALBUS SALUTES CICERO THE IMPERATOR. - - -[Sidenote: _Rome, Feb._, B.C. _49_] - -I beg you, Cicero, to consider a plan eminently suited to your -character, namely to recall Caesar and Pompey to their former state of -friendship, which has been broken by the treachery of others. Believe -me that Caesar will not only meet your wishes, but will esteem any -endeavours of yours in this matter as a very great service. I wish -Pompey would take the same - - * * * * * - - Page 170 - -idem Pompeius faciat. Qui ut adduci tali tempore ad ullam condicionem -possit, magis opto quam spero. Sed, cum constiterit et timere desierit, -tum incipiam non desperare tuam auctoritatem plurimum apud eum -valituram. - -Quod Lentulum consulem meum voluisti hic remanere, Caesari gratum, -mihi vero gratissimum medius fidius fecisti. Nam illum tanti facio, -ut non Caesarem magis diligam. Qui si passus esset nos secum, -ut consueveramus, loqui et non se totum etiam ab sermone nostro -avertisset, minus miser, quam sum, essem. Nam cave putes hoc tempore -plus me quemquam cruciari, quod eum, quem ante me diligo, video in -consulatu quidvis potius esse quam consulem. Quodsi voluerit tibi -obtemperare et nobis de Caesare credere et consulatum reliquum Romae -peragere, incipiam sperare etiam consilio senatus auctore te, illo -relatore Pompeium et Caesarem coniungi posse. Quod si factum erit, me -satis vixisse putabo. - -Factum Caesaris de Corfinio totum te probaturum scio: et, quo modo in -eius modi re, commodius cadere non potuit, quam ut res sine sanguine -confieret. Balbi mei tuique adventu delectatum te valde gaudeo. Is -quaecumque tibi de Caesare dixit, quaeque Caesar scripsit, scio, re -tibi probabit, quaecumque fortuna eius fuerit, verissime scripsisse. - - * * * * * - - Page 171 - -view; but it is rather a dream of mine than a hope, that he can be -persuaded to come to terms at this time. When he becomes settled and -recovers from fright, I shall have better hopes that your influence may -avail with him. - -In desiring my friend the consul Lentulus to remain in Rome, you have -gratified Caesar, and myself too, I may assure you, in the highest -degree. I value Lentulus as much as Caesar. If he had allowed me -to renew my old intercourse, and had not again and again avoided -conversation with me, I should be less unhappy than I am. For do not -think that this crisis causes anyone more torment than it causes me, -when I see him, to whom I am more devoted than to myself, acting in -office in a way quite unfitted for a consul. If he only takes your -advice and believes our professions about Caesar, and serves the -remainder of his office in Rome, then I shall begin to hope that by -the advice of the Senate, on your suggestion and at his formal motion, -there may be effected a reconciliation between Pompey and Caesar. In -that event I shall think my life's mission accomplished. - -I know that you will approve entirely of Caesar's action about -Corfinium. Under the circumstances there could have been nothing -better than a settlement without bloodshed. I am delighted that you -are pleased with the arrival of my and your Balbus. Whatever Balbus -has told you about Caesar, and whatever Caesar has said to you in his -letters, I am confident Caesar will convince you by his acts, be his -fortune what it will, that his professions were quite sincere. - - * * * * * - - Page 172 - - - - -XVI - -CICERO ATTICO, - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Formiis IV Non. Mart. a. 705_] - -Omnia mihi provisa sunt praeter occultum et tutum iter ad mare -superum. Hoc enim mari uti non possumus hoc tempore anni. Illuc autem, -quo spectat animus, et quo res vocat, qua veniam? Cedendum enim est -celeriter, ne forte qua re impediar atque alliger. Nec vero ille me -ducit, qui videtur; quem ego hominem ἀπολιτικώτατον omnium iam ante -cognoram, nunc vero etiam ἀστρατηγητότατον. Non me igitur is ducit, -sed sermo hominum, qui ad me a Philotimo scribitur. Is enim me ab -optimatibus ait conscindi. Quibus optimatibus, di boni! qui nunc -quo modo occurrunt, quo modo autem se venditant Caesari! Municipia -vero deum; nec simulant, ut cum de illo aegroto vota faciebant. Sed -plane, quicquid mali hic Pisistratus non fecerit, tam gratum erit, -quam si alium facere prohibuerit. Propitium hunc sperant, illum -iratum putant. Quas fieri censes ἀπαντήσεις ex oppidis, quos honores! -"Metuunt," inquies. Credo, sed mehercule illum magis. Huius insidiosa -elementia delectantur, illius iracundiam formidant. Iudices de CCCLX, -qui praecipue Gnaeo nostro delectabantur, ex quibus cotidie aliquem -video, nescio quas eius Lucerias horrent. Itaque quaero, qui sint isti -optimates, - - * * * * * - - Page 173 - - - - -XVI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 4_, B.C. _49_] - -[Sidenote: Iliad vi, 442] - -I have made provision for everything except a secret and safe passage -to the Adriatic. The other route I cannot face at this time of the -year. How can I get to that place on which my mind is set, and whither -fate calls? My departure must be in haste, for fear some obstacle and -hindrance should arise. It is not, as one might think, Pompey who -induces me to go. I have long known him to be the poorest of statesmen, -and I now see he is the poorest of generals. I am not induced by him, -but by the common talk of which Philotimus informs me. He says that the -loyalists are tearing me to tatters. Loyalists, good God! And see how -they are running to meet Caesar, and selling themselves to him. The -country towns are treating him as a god, and there is no pretence about -it, as there was in the prayers for Pompey's recovery from illness. -Any mischief this Pisistratus may leave undone will give as much -satisfaction as if he had prevented another from doing it. People hope -to placate Caesar; they think that Pompey is angered. What ovations -from the towns and what honour is paid him! In fright I dare say, but -they are more afraid of Pompey. They are delighted with the cunning -kindness of Caesar, and afraid of the anger of his rival. Those who are -on the jury list of 360 judges, the especial partisans of Pompey, some -of whom I see daily, shudder at vague Lucerias[79] which they conjure -up. So I ask what sort of loyalists are - -[79] Cf. VIII, 11, where Pompey at Luceria is said to have talked of a -proscription. - - * * * * * - - Page 174 - -qui me exturbent, cum ipsi domi maneant. Sed tamen, quicumque sunt, -αἰδέομαι Τρῶας,. Etsi, qua spe proficiscar, video, coniungoque me cum -homine magis ad vastandum Italiam quam ad vincendum parato dominumque -exspecto. Et quidem, cum haec scribebam, IIII Nonas, iam exspectabam -aliquid a Brundisio. Quid autem "aliquid"? quam inde turpiter fugisset, -et victor hic qua se referret et quo. Quod ubi audissem, si ille Appia -veniret, ego Arpinum cogitabam. - - * * * * * - - Page 175 - -these, to banish me, while they remain at home? Still whoever they are -"I fear the Trojans." Yet I see clearly with what a prospect I set out, -and I join myself with a man ready to devastate our country rather than -to conquer its oppressor, and I look to serve a tyrant. And indeed on -March 4, the date of this letter, I am expecting every moment some -news from Brundisium. Why do I say "some news," when it is news of his -disgraceful flight, and the route by which the victor is returning and -the direction in which he is moving. On hearing that, I think of going -to Arpinum, if Caesar comes by the Appian way. - - * * * * * - - Page 176 - - - - -M. TULLI CICERONIS EPISTULARUM AD ATTICUM LIBER NONUS - - - - -I CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano prid. Non. Mart. a. 705_] - -Etsi, cum tu has litteras legeres, putabam fore ut scirem iam, quid -Brundisi actum esset (nam Canusio VIIII Kal. profectus erat Gnaeus; -haec autem scribebam pridie Nonas XIIII die post, quam ille Canusio -moverat), tamen angebar singularum horarum exspectatione mirabarque -nihil allatum esse ne rumoris quidem; nam erat mirum silentium. Sed -haec fortasse κενόσπουδα sunt, quae tamen iam sciantur necesse est; -illud molestum, me adhuc investigare non posse, ubi P. Lentulus noster -sit, ubi Domitius. Quaero autem, quo facilius scire possim, quid acturi -sint, iturine ad Pompeium et, si sunt, qua quandove ituri sint. - -Urbem quidem iam refertam esse optimatium audio, Sosium et Lupum, -quos Gnaeus noster ante putabat Brundisium venturos esse quam se, -ius dicere. Hinc vero vulgo vadunt; etiam M'. Lepidus, quocum diem -conterere solebam, eras cogitabat. Nos autem in Formiano morabamur, -quo citius audiremus; deinde Arpinum volebamus; inde, iter qua -maxime ἀναπάντητον esset, ad mare superum remotis sive omnino missis -lictoribus. Audio enim bonis viris, qui et nunc - - * * * * * - - Page 177 - - - - -CICERO'S LETTERS TO ATTICUS BOOK IX - - - - -I - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 6_, B.C. _49_] - -Although, when you read this letter, I think I shall know what has -been done at Brundisium, since Pompey left Canusium on the 21st of -February and I am writing this on the 6th of March, fourteen days after -his departure from Canusium, still I am in agonies of suspense as to -what each hour may bring, and I am astonished that I do not even get -a rumour. There is a strange hush. But perhaps this is much ado about -nothing, when we must know all about it soon enough. But it does worry -me that so far I have been unable to discover the whereabouts of my -friend Lentulus and of Domitius. I want to know, that I may be able to -find out what they are going to do, whether they are going to Pompey, -and, if so, by what route and on what date. - -Town, I am told, is now crammed full with our party. Sosius and Lupus, -who, Pompey thought, would reach Brundisium before himself, are, it -appears, sitting as magistrates. From here there is a general move: -even M'. Lepidus, with whom I used to spend the day, thinks of starting -to-morrow. I am lingering in my villa at Formiae to get news the -sooner. Then I intend to go to Arpinum: from Arpinum I proceed to the -Adriatic, choosing the least frequented route and leaving behind or -even dismissing my lictors. For I am told that certain - - * * * * * - - Page 178 - -et saepe antea magno praesidio rei publicae fuerunt, hanc cunctationem -nostram non probari multaque in me et severe in conviviis tempestivis -quidem disputari. - -Cedamus igitur et, ut boni cives simus, bellum Italiae terra marique -inferamus et odia improborum rursus in nos, quae iam exstincta erant, -incendamus et Luccei consilia ac Theophani persequamur. Nam Scipio vel -in Syriam proficiscitur sorte vel cum genero honeste vel Caesarem fugit -iratum. Marcelli quidem, nisi gladium Caesaris timuissent, manerent. -Appius est eodem in timore et inimicitiarum recentium etiam. Praeter -hunc et C. Cassium reliqui legati, Faustus pro quaestore; ego unus, -cui utrumvis licet. Frater accedit, quem socium huius fortunae esse -non erat aequum. Cui magis etiam Caesar irascetur, sed impetrare non -possum, ut mancat. Dabimus hoc Pompeio, quod debemus. Nam me quidem -alius nemo movet, non sermo bonorum, qui nulli sunt, non causa quae -acta timide est, agetur improbe. Uni, uni hoc damus ne id quidem -roganti nec suam causam, ut ait, agenti, sed publicam. Tu quid cogites -de transeundo in Epirum, scire sane velim. - - - - -II - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano Non. Mart. a. 705_] - -Etsi Nonis Martiis die tuo, ut opinor, exspectabam epistulam a te -longiorem, tamen ad eam ipsam brevem, - - * * * * * - - Page 179 - -loyalists, who now and formerly have been a bulwark of the Republic, do -not like my staying in Italy, and that they sit half the day over their -festive boards making caustic remarks about me. - -So I must depart, and, to be a good citizen, wage war on Italy, kindle -against myself again the hatred of the disloyal which had died down, -and follow the plans of Lucceius and Theophanes. For Scipio can be -said to set out for Syria, his allotted province, or to accompany his -son-in-law, which is an honourable excuse, or to flee from Caesar's -anger. The Marcelli would of course have stayed, had they not feared -the sword of Caesar. Appius has the same reason for alarm, and -additional reason through a fresh quarrel. Except Appius and C. Cassius -all the others hold military commands, Faustus being proquaestor. I -am the only one who could go or stay as I like. Besides there is my -brother, whom it is not fair to involve in my trouble. With him Caesar -will be even more angry, but I cannot induce him to stay behind. This -sacrifice I will make to Pompey, as loyalty bids. For no one else -influences me, neither talk of loyalists--for there are none--nor our -cause, which has been conducted in panic and will be conducted in -disgrace. To one man, one only, I make this sacrifice, though he does -not even ask it and though the battle he is fighting is, as he says, -not his own but the State's, I should much like to know what you think -about crossing into Epirus. - - - - -II - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 7_, B.C. _49_] - -Though the 7th of March, the day I think for your attack of fever,[80] -should bring me a longer letter - -[80] Or "your birthday." Cf. ix, 5. - - * * * * * - - Page 180 - -quam IIII Nonas ὑπὸ τὴν λῆψιν dedisti, rescribendum putavi. Gaudere -ais te mansisse me et scribis in sententia te manere. Mihi autem -superioribus litteris videbare non dubitare, quin cederem ita, si et -Gnaeus bene comitatus conscendisset, et consules transissent. Utrum -hoc tu parum commeministi, an ego non satis intellexi, an mutasti -sententiam? Sed aut ex epistula, quam exspecto, perspiciam, quid -sentias, aut alias abs te litteras eliciam. Brundisio nihildum erat -allatum. - - - - -IIa - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano VIII Id. Mart. a. 705_] - -O rem difficilem planeque perditam! quam nihil praetermittis in -consilio dando; quam nihil tamen, quod tibi ipsi placeat, explicas! Non -esse me una cum Pompeio gaudes ac proponis, quam sit turpe me adesse, -cum quid de illo detrahatur; nefas esse approbare. Certe; contra -igitur? "Di," inquis, "averruncent!" Quid ergo fiet, si in altero -scelus est, in altero supplicium? "Impetrabis," inquis, "a Caesare, ut -tibi abesse liceat et esse otioso." Supplicandum igitur? Miserum. Quid, -si non impetraro? "Et de triumpho erit," inquis, "integrum." Quid, si -hoc ipso premar? accipiam? Quid foedius? Negem? Repudiari se totum, -magis etiam quam olim in XX viratu, putabit. Ac solet, cum se purgat, -in me - - * * * * * - - Page 181 - -from you, still I suppose I ought to answer the shorter note, which you -sent on the 4th on the eve of your attack. You say you are glad that I -have stayed in Italy, and you write that you abide by your former view. -But an earlier letter led me to think you had no doubt I ought to go, -if Pompey embarked with a good following and the consuls crossed too. -Have you forgotten this, or have I failed to understand you, or have -you changed your mind? But I shall either learn your opinion from the -letter I now await: or I shall extract another letter from you. From -Brundisium so far there is no news. - - - - -IIa - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 8_, B.C. _49_] - -What a difficult and calamitous business! Nothing passed over in the -advice you give, nothing revealed as to your real opinion! You are glad -that I am not with Pompey, and yet you lay down how wrong it would -be for me to be present when he is criticized: it were shameful to -approve his conduct. Agreed. Should I then speak against him? "Heaven -forbid," you say. So, what can happen, if one way lies crime, and the -other punishment? You advise me to get from Caesar leave of absence -and permission to retire. Must I then beg and pray? That would be -humiliating: and suppose I fail? You say the matter of my triumph will -not be prejudiced. But what if I am hampered by that very thing? Accept -it? What dishonour! Refuse it? Caesar will think that I am repudiating -him entirely, more even than when I declined a place among his twenty -land commissioners.[81] And it is his way, when he excuses himself - -[81] The _vigintiviri_ for the distribution of Campanian land in 59 -B.C. Cf. II, 19. - - * * * * * - - Page 182 - -conferre omnem illorum temporum culpam. Ita me sibi fuisse inimicum, ut -ne honorem quidem a se accipere vellem. Quanto nunc hoc idem accipiet -asperius! Tanto scilicet, quanto et honor hic illo est amplior et ipse -robustior. Nam, quod negas te dubitare, quin magna in offensa sim apud -Pompeium hoc tempore, non video causam, cur ita sit hoc quidem tempore. -Qui enim amisso Corfinio denique certiorem me sui consilii fecit, is -queretur Brundisium me non venisse, cum inter me et Brundisium Caesar -esset? Deinde etiam scit ἀπαρρησίαστον esse in ea causa querelam suam. -Me putat de municipiorum imbecillitate, de dilectibus, de pace, de -urbe, de pecunia, de Piceno occupando plus vidisse quam se. Sin, cum -potuero, non venero, tum erit inimicus, quod ego non eo vereor ne mihi -noceat (quid enim faciet? - - Τίς δ' ἐστὶ δοῦλος τοῦ θανεῖν ἄφροντις ὤν;), - -sed quia ingrati animi crimen horreo. Confido igitur adventum nostrum -illi, quoquo tempore fuerit, ut scribis, ἀσμενιστὸν fore. Nam, quod -ais, si hic temperatius egerit, consideratius consilium te daturum, qui -hic potest se gerere non perdite? Vetant vita,[82] mores, ante facta, -ratio suscepti negotii, socii, vires bonorum aut etiam constantia. - -[82] Vetant vita _Purser_: vita _MSS._: vetant _Boot_. - -Vixdum epistulam tuam legeram, cum ad me currens ad illum Postumus -Curtius venit nihil nisi classes loquens et exercitus. Eripiebat -Hispanias, - - * * * * * - - Page 183 - -to throw on me all the blame for that period, and to say I was so -bitter an enemy that I would not even take an office from him. How much -more will this annoy him! Why, as much more as this honour is greater -than that, and he himself is stronger. As for your remark that you -have no doubt I am in bad odour with Pompey at this present time, I -see no reason why it should be so, especially at this time. Pompey did -not tell me his plans till after the loss of Corfinium, and he cannot -complain of my not going to Brundisium, when Caesar was between me and -Brundisium. Besides he knows that complaint on his part is stopped. -He is of opinion that I saw clearer than he did about the weakness of -the municipal towns, the levies, peace, the city, the public funds, -occupying Pisenum. If however I do not go to him, when I can, he will -certainly be angry. From that I shrink--not for fear of harm he may do -me (for what can he do? And who - -"Would be a slave but he who fears to die?"[83]) - -but because I shrink from being charged with ingratitude. So I trust -my arrival will be, as you say, welcome to him, whenever I go. As for -your remark "If Caesar's conduct be more temperate, you will weigh your -advice more carefully," how can Caesar keep himself from a destructive -policy? It is forbidden by his character, his previous career, the -nature of his present enterprise, his associates, the material strength -or even the moral firmness of the loyalist party. - -[83] From an unknown play of Euripides. - -I had scarcely read your letter, when up comes Curtius Postumus -hurrying off to Caesar, talking of nothing but fleets and armies; -"Caesar is wresting - - * * * * * - - Page 184 - -tenebat Asiam, Siciliam, Africam, Sardiniam, confestim in Graeciam -persequebatur. Eundum igitur est, nec tam ut belli quam ut fugae socii -simus. Nec enim ferre potero sermones istorum, quicumque sunt; non sunt -enim certe, ut appellantur, boni. Sed tamen id ipsum scire cupio, quid -loquantur, idque ut exquiras meque certiorem facias, te vehementer -rogo. Nos adhuc, quid Brundisi actum esset, plane nesciebamus. Cum -sciemus, tum ex re et ex tempore consilium capiemus, sed utemur tuo. - - - - -III - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Formiis VII Id. Mart. a. 705_] - -Domiti filius transiit Formias VIII Idus currens ad matrem Neapolim -mihique nuntiari iussit patrem ad urbem esse, cum de eo curiose -quaesisset servus noster Dionysius. Nos autem audieramus eum profectum -sive ad Pompeium sive in Hispaniam. Id cuius modi sit, scire sane -velim. Nam ad id, quod delibero, pertinet, si ille certe nusquam -discessit, intellegere Gnaeum non esse faciles nobis ex Italia exitus, -cum ea tota armis praesidiisque teneatur, hieme praesertim. Nam, si -commodius anni tempus esset, vel infero mari liceret uti. Nunc nihil -potest nisi supero tramitti, quo iter interclusum est. Quaeres igitur -et de Domitio et de Lentulo. - -A Brundisio nulla adhuc fama venerat, et erat hic - - * * * * * - - Page 185 - -the Spains from Pompey, occupying Asia, Sicily, Africa, Sardinia, and -forthwith pursuing Pompey into Greece." So I must set out to take part -not so much in a war as in a flight. For I can never put up with the -talk of your friends, whoever they are, for certainly they are not what -they are called, loyalists. Still that is just what I want to know, -what they do say, and I beg you earnestly to inquire and inform me. So -far I know nothing of what has happened at Brundisium. When I know, I -shall form my plans according to circumstances and the moment; but I -shall use your advice. - - - - -III - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 9_, B.C. _49_] - -The son of Domitius went through Formiae on the 8th of March hastening -to his mother at Naples, and, when my slave Dionysius inquired -particularly from him about his father, he sent me a message that he -was outside the city. But I had heard that he had gone either to Pompey -or to Spain. What the fact is, I should much like to know, for it has -a bearing on the point I am now considering: if it is certain that -Domitius has found no means of departure, Pompey may understand that my -own departure from Italy is difficult, seeing that it is now beset with -troops and garrisons, and especially in the winter season. For, were it -a more convenient time of year, one could even cross the southern sea. -Now there is no choice but the Adriatic, to which passage is barred. So -please inquire both about Domitius and about Lentulus. - -From Brundisium no news has come yet, and to-day - - * * * * * - - Page 186 - -dies VII Idus, quo die suspicabamur aut pridie Brundisium venisse -Caesarem. Nam Kal. Arpis manserat. Sed, si Postumum audire velles, -persecuturus erat Gnaeum; transisse enim iam putabat coniectura -tempestatum ac dierum. Ego nautas eum non putabam habiturum, ille -confidebat, et eo magis, quod audita naviculariis hominis liberalitas -esset. Sed, tota res Brundisina quo modo habeat se, diutius nescire non -possum. - - - - -IV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Formiis IV Id. Mart. a. 705_] - -Ego etsi tam diu requiesco, quam diu aut ad te scribo aut tuas litteras -lego, tamen et ipse egeo argumento epistularum et tibi idem accidere -certo scio. Quae enim soluto animo familiariter scribi solent, ea -temporibus his excluduntur, quae autem sunt horum temporum, ea iam -contrivimus. Sed tamen, ne me totum aegritudini dedam, sumpsi mihi -quasdam tamquam θέσεις, quae et πολιτικαὶ sunt et temporum horum, ut et -abducam animum ab querelis et in eo ipso, de quo agitur, exercear. Eae -sunt huius modi: - -Εἰ μενετέον ἐν τῇ πατρίδι τυραννουμένης αὐτῆς. Εἰ παντὶ τρόπω -τυραννίδος κατάλυσιν πραγματευτέον, κἄν - - * * * * * - - Page 187 - -is the 9th of March. I expect Caesar reached Brundisium to-day or -yesterday. He stayed at Arpi on the 1st. If you choose to listen to -Postumus, Caesar meant to pursue Pompey; for, by calculating the state -of the weather and the days, he concluded that Pompey had crossed the -sea. I thought that Caesar would be unable to get crews, but Postumus -was quite sure about that, and the more so because ship-owners had -heard of Caesar's liberality. But it cannot be long now before I hear -the full story of what has happened at Brundisium. - - - - -IV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 12_, B.C. _49_] - -Though now I rest only so long as I am writing to you or reading your -letters, still I am in want of subject matter, and feel sure that -you are in the same position, for the present crisis debars us from -the free and easy topics of friendly correspondence, and the topics -connected with the present crisis we have already exhausted. However, -not to succumb entirely to low spirits, I have taken for myself -certain theses, so to speak, which deal with _la haute politique_ and -are applicable to the present crisis, so that I may keep myself from -querulous thoughts and may practise the subject. Here are some: - -Whether one should remain in one's country, even under a tyranny. -Whether any means are lawful to - - * * * * * - - Page 188 - -μέλλῃ διὰ τοῦτο περὶ τῶν ὅλων ἡ πόλις κινδυνεύσειν. Εἰ εὐλαβητέον -τὸν καταλύοντα μὴ αὐτὸς αἴρηται. Εἰ πειρατέον ἀρήγειν τῇ πατρίδι -τυραννουμένῃ καιρῷ καὶ λογῳ μᾶλλον ἢ πολέμῳ. Εἰ πολιτικὸν τὸ ἡσυχάζειν -ἀναχωρήσαντά ποι τῆς πατρίδος τυραννουμένης ἤ δὶα παντὂς ἰτέον κινδύνου -τῆς ἐλευθερίας πέρι. Εἰ πόλεμον ἐπακτέον τῇ χώρᾳ καὶ πολιορκητέον -αὐτὴν τυραννουμένην. Εἰ καὶ μὴ δοκιμάζοντα τὴν διὰ πολέμου κατάλυσιν -τῆς τυραννίδος συναπογραπτέον ὅμως τοῖς ἀρίστοις. Εἰ τοῖς εὐεργέταις -καὶ φίλοις συγκινδυνευτέον ἐν τοῖς πολιτικοῖς, κἂν μὴ δοκῶσιν εὖ -βεβουλεῦσθαι περὶ τῶν ὃλων. Εἰ ὁ μεγάλα τὴν πατρίδα εὐεργετήσας, δἰ -αὐτὸ δὲ τοῦτο ἀνήκεστα παθὼν καὶ φθονηθεὶς, κινδυνεύσειεν ἄν ἐθελοντὴς -ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος, ἤ ἐφετέον αὐτῷ ἑαυτοῦ ποτε καὶ τῶν οἰκειοτάτων -ποιεῖσθαι πρόνοιαν ἀφεμένω τὰς πρὸς τοὺς ἰσχύοντας διαπολιτείας. - -In his ego me consulationibus exercens et disserens in utramque partem -tum Graece, tum Latine et abduco parumper animum a molestiis et τῶν -προὔργου τι delibero. Sed vereor, ne tibi ἂκαιρος sim. Si enim recte -ambulaverit is, qui hanc epistulam tulit, in ipsum tuum diem incidet. - - * * * * * - - Page 189 - -abolish a tyranny, even if they endanger the existence of the State. -Whether one ought to take care that one who tries to abolish it may -not rise too high himself. Whether one ought to assist one's country, -when under a tyranny, by seizing opportunities and by argument rather -than by war. Whether one is doing one's duty to the State, if one -retires to some other place and there remains inactive, when there is -a tyranny; or whether one ought to run every risk for liberty. Whether -one ought to invade the country and besiege one's native town, when it -is under a tyranny. Whether one ought to enrol oneself in the ranks -of the loyalists, even if one does not approve of war as a means of -abolishing tyranny. Whether one ought in political matters to share the -dangers of one's benefactors and friends, even if one does not believe -their general policy to be wise. Whether one who has done good service -for his country, and by it has won ill-treatment and envy, should -voluntarily put himself into danger for that country, or may at length -take thought for himself and his dear ones and avoid struggles against -the powers that be. - -By employing myself with such questions and discussing the pros and -cons in Greek and Latin, I divert my thoughts a little from my troubles -and at the same time consider a subject which is very pertinent. But -I fear you may find me a nuisance. For, if the bearer makes proper -headway, it will reach you on the very day you have your attack of -ague. - - * * * * * - - Page 190 - - - - -V CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Formiis VI Id. Mart. a. 705_] - -Natali die tuo scripsisti epistulam ad me plenam consilii summaeque -cum benevolentiae tum etiam prudentiae. Eam mihi Philotimus postridie, -quam a te acceperat, reddidit. Sunt ista quidem, quae disputas, -difficillima, iter ad superum, navigatio infero, discessus Arpinum, ne -hunc fugisse, mansio Formiis, ne obtulisse nos gratulationi videamur, -sed miserius nihil quam ea videre, quae tamen iam, iam, inquam, videnda -erunt. - -Fuit apud me Postumus, scripsi ad te, quam gravis. Venit ad me etiam Q. -Fufius quo vultu, quo spiritus properans Brundisium, scelus accusans -Pompei, levitatem et stultitiam senatus. Haec qui in mea villa non -feram, Curtium in curia potero ferre? Age, finge me quamvis εὐστομάχως -haec ferentem, quid? illa "DIC, M. TVLLI" quem habebunt exitum? Et -omitto causam rei publicae, quam ego amissam puto cum vulneribus suis -tum medicamentis eis, quae parantur, de Pompeio quid agam? cui plane -(quid enim hoc negem?) suscensui. Semper enim causae eventorum magis -movent quam ipsa eventa. Haec igitur mala (quibus maiora esse quae -possunt?) considerans, vel potius iudicans eius opera accidisse, et -culpa, inimicior eram huic quam ipsi Caesari. Ut - - * * * * * - - Page 191 - - - - -V - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 10_, B.C. _49_] - -On your birthday you wrote me a letter full of advice, full of -great kindness and of great wisdom. Philotimus delivered it to me -the day after he got it from you. The points you discuss are very -difficult--the route to the upper sea, a voyage by the lower sea, -departure to Arpinum, lest I should seem to have avoided Caesar, -remaining at Formiae, lest I should appear to have put myself forward -to congratulate him; but the most miserable thing of all will be to see -what I tell you must very shortly be seen. - -Curtius Postumus was with me. I wrote you how tiresome he was. Quintus -Fufius also came to see me--what an air! what assurance!--hastening -to Brundisium denouncing Pompey's wrong-doings and the careless folly -of the House. When I cannot stand this under my own roof, how shall -I be able to endure Curtius in the Senate? But suppose I put up with -all this in good humour, what of the question "Your vote, M. Tullius?" -What will come of it? I pass over the cause of the Republic, which I -consider lost, both from the wounds dealt it and the cures prepared for -them; but what am I to do about Pompey? It is no use denying that I am -downright angry with him. For I am always more affected by the causes -of events than by the events themselves. Therefore considering our -incomparable woes, or rather concluding that they have happened by his -doing and his mistakes, I am more angry with Pompey than with Caesar -himself. Just as our ancestors - - * * * * * - - Page 192 - -maiores nostri funestiorem diem esse voluerunt Aliensis pugnae -quam urbis captae, quod hoc malum ex illo (itaque alter religiosus -etiam nunc dies, alter in vulgus ignotus), sic ego decem annorum -peccata recordans, in quibus inerat ille etiam annus, qui nos hoc -non defendente, ne dicam gravius, adflixerat, praesentisque temporis -cognoscens temeritatem, ignaviam, neglegentiam suscensebam. Sed ea iam -mihi exciderunt; beneficia eiusdem cogito, cogito etiam dignitatem; -intellego serius equidem, quam vellem, propter epistulas sermonesque -Balbi, sed video plane nihil aliud agi, nihil actum ab initio, nisi ut -hunc occideret. Ego igitur, sicut ille apud Homerum, cui et mater et -dea dixisset: - - Αὐτίκα γάρ τοι ἔπειτα μεθ' Ἐκτορα πότμος ἕτοιμος, - -matri ipse respondit: - - Αὐτίκα τεθναίην, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρ' ἔμελλον ἑταίρῳ - κτεινομένῳ ἐπαμῦναι. - -Quid, si non ἑταίρῳ solum, sed etiam εὐεργέτῃ adde tali viro talem -causam agenti? Ego vero haec officia mercanda vita puto. Optimatibus -vero tuis nihil confido, nihil iam ne inservio quidem. Video, ut se -huic dent, ut daturi sint. Quicquam tu illa putas fuisse de valetudine -decreta municipiorum prae his de victoria gratulationibus? "Timent," -inquies. At ipsi tum se timuisse dicunt. Sed videamus, quid actum sit -Brundisi. Ex eo fortasse alia consilia nascentur aliaeque litterae. - - * * * * * - - Page 193 - -thought that the day of the battle of Alia was blacker than the day -of the capture of Rome, because the capture was but the consequence -of the battle (and so the former day is still a black letter day and -the latter is commonly unknown), so I too was angry in recalling his -errors of the last ten years, which included the year of my affliction, -when he gave me no help, to put it mildly, and recognizing his -foolhardiness, sloth and carelessness at the present time. But all this -I have forgotten. It is his kindness I think of, and I think of my own -honour too. I understand, later indeed than I could have wished, from -the letters and conversation of Balbus, but I see plainly, that the -sole object is, and has been from the beginning, the death of Pompey. -So I say the same as Achilles to his mother, when she said "For after -Hector's death thy doom is fixed," and he replied, "Then let me die, -since I have failed to save my friend." - -[Sidenote: Iliad XVIII, 96-9] - -And in my case it is not only a friend but a benefactor, a man so great -and championing so great a cause. Indeed I hold that life should be -paid for the kindnesses that he has done me. But in your loyal party I -have no confidence: nor I do even acknowledge any allegiance to them -now. I see how they surrender and will surrender themselves to Caesar. -Do you think that those decrees of the towns about Pompey's health were -anything compared with their congratulatory addresses to Caesar? You -will say, "They are terrorized." Yes, but they themselves declare that -they were terrorized on the former occasion. But let us see what has -happened at Brundisium. Perhaps from that may spring different plans -and a different letter. - - * * * * * - - Page 194 - - - - -VI - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Formiis V Id. Mart. a. 705_] - -Nos adhuc Brundisio nihil. Roma scripsit Balbus putare iam Lentulum -consulem tramisisse, nec eum a minore Balbo conventum, quod is hoc -iam Canusi audisset; inde ad se eum scripsisse; cohortesque sex, -quae Albae fuissent, ad Curium via Minucia transisse; id Caesarem ad -se scripsisse, et brevi tempore eum ad urbem futurum. Ergo utar tuo -consilio neque me Arpinum hoc tempore abdam, etsi, Ciceroni meo togam -puram cum dare Arpini vellem, hanc eram ipsam excusationem relicturus -ad Caesarem. Sed fortasse in eo ipso offendetur, cur non Romae potius. -Ac tamen, si est conveniendus, hic potissimum. Tum reliqua videbimus, -id est et quo et qua et quando. - -Domitius, ut audio, in Cosano est, et quidem, ut aiunt, paratus ad -navigandum, si in Hispaniam, non probo, si ad Gnaeum, laudo; quovis -potius certe, quam ut Curtium videat, quem ego patronus aspicere -non possum. Quid alios? Sed, opinor, quiescamus, ne nostram culpam -coarguamus, qui, dum urbem, id est patriam, amamus dumque rem -conventuram putamus, ita nos gessimus, ut plane interclusi captique -simus. - -Scripta iam epistula Capua litterae sunt allatae hoc exemplo: "Pompeius -mare transiit cum omnibus militibus, quos secum habuit. Hic numerus est - - - * * * * * - - Page 195 - - - - -VI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 11_, B.C. _49_] - -No news yet from Brundisium. From Rome Balbus has written that he -thinks the consul Lentulus has now gone over, and that the younger -Balbus has not met him, because the latter has just heard the news at -Canusium and from that town has written to him. He adds that the six -cohorts which were at Alba have gone to Curius by the Minucian road, -that Caesar has written to tell him so and will shortly be in Rome. So -I shall follow your advice. I shall not go and bury myself in Arpinum -at the present time, though, since I had wished to celebrate my son's -coming of age there, I thought of leaving that as an excuse to Caesar. -But perhaps that itself will give offence and he might ask why I should -not do it at Rome. Still, if I must meet him, I would much rather meet -him here. Then I shall see the other things, where I am to go, by what -route and when. - -Domitius, I hear, is at Cosa, and ready it is said to sail. If it is to -Spain, I do not approve, but, if to Pompey, he has my praise. Better -to go anywhere than to have to see Curtius, of whom, though I have -defended him, I cannot bear the sight, not to speak of others. But I -suppose I had better keep quiet, for fear of convicting myself of folly -in managing to be cut off wholly and made captive through my love of my -country and an idea that the matter could be patched up. - -Just as I had finished writing, there came a letter from Capua, of -which this is a copy: "Pompey has crossed the sea with all the soldiery -he has. There - - * * * * * - - Page 196 - -hominum milia triginta et consules duo et tribuni pl. et senatores, qui -fuerunt cum eo, omnes cum uxoribus et liberis. Conscendisse dicitur -a. d. IIII Nonas Martias. Ex ea die fuere septemtriones venti. Naves, -quibus usus non est, omnes aut praecidisse aut incendisse dicunt." - -De hac re litterae L. Metello tribuno pl. Capuam allatae sunt a Clodia -socru, quae ipsa transiit. Ante sollicitus eram et angebar, sicut res -scilicet ipsa cogebat, cum consilio explicare nihil possem; nunc autem, -postquam Pompeius et consules ex Italia exierunt, non angor, sed ardeo -dolore, - - οὐδέ μοι ἦτορ - ἔμπεδον, ἀλλ' ἀλαλύκτημαι. - -Non sum, inquam, mihi crede, mentis compos; tantum mihi dedecoris -admisisse videor. Mene non primum cum Pompeio qualicumque consilio uso, -deinde cum bonis esse quamvis causa temere instituta? praesertim cum ii -ipsi, quoram ego causa timidius me fortunae committebam, uxor, filia, -Cicerones pueri, me illud sequi mallent, hoc turpe et me indignum -putarent. Nam Quintus quidem frater, quicquid mihi placeret, id rectum -se putare aiebat, id animo aequissimo sequebatur. - -Tuas nunc epistulas a primo lego. Hae me paulum recreant. Primae monent -et rogant, ne me proiciam, proximae gaudere te ostendunt me remansisse. -Eas cum lego, minus mihi turpis videor, sed tam diu, dum lego. Deinde -emergit rursum dolor et ἀισχροῦ φαντασία. Quam ob rem obsecro te, mi -Tite, eripe - - * * * * * - - Page 197 - -are 30,000 men, two consuls, tribunes and the senators who were with -him, all accompanied by wives and children. He is said to have embarked -on the 4th of March. From that day there have been northerly winds. -They say he disabled or burned all the ships he did not use." - -[Sidennote Iliad x, 91] - -On this matter a letter has been received at Capua by Lucius Metellus, -the tribune of the plebs, from Clodia, his mother-in-law, who herself -crossed the sea. I was anxious and distracted before, naturally enough -under the circumstances, when I could find no solution of affairs. -But, now that Pompey and the consuls have left Italy, I am not only -distracted, but I blaze with indignation. "Steady my heart no more, -but wild with grief." Believe me, I say I am no longer responsible, -so great the shame I seem to have incurred. To think that in the -first place I should not be with Pompey, whatever his plan, nor again -with the loyalists, however rashly they have mismanaged their cause! -Particularly when those very people, whose interests kept me cautious, -my wife, my daughter and the boys, preferred that I should follow -Pompey's fortunes, and thought Caesar's cause disgraceful and unworthy -of me. As for my brother Quintus, whatever I thought right, he agreed -to, and he followed my course with perfect contentment. - -Your letters I am reading now from the beginning of the business. They -afford me some little relief. The first warn and entreat me not to -commit myself. The later ones show you are glad I stayed. While I read -them, my conduct seems to me less discreditable; but only so long as -I read: afterwards up rises sorrow again and a vision of shame. So I -beseech you, Titus, - - * * * * * - - Page 198 - -mihi hunc dolorem, aut minue saltem aut consolatione aut consilio, aut -quacumque re potes. Quid tu autem possis? aut quid homo quisquam? Vix -iam deus. - -Equidem illud molior, quod tu mones sperasque fieri posse, ut mihi -Caesar concedat, ut absim, cum aliquid in senatu contra Gnaeum agatur. -Sed timeo, ne non impetrem. Venit ab eo Furnius. Ut quidem scias, quos -sequamur, Q. Titini filium cum Caesare esse nuntiat, sed illum maiores -mihi gratias agere, quam vellem. Quid autem me roget paucis ille quidem -verbis, sed ἐν δυνάμει, cognosce ex ipsius epistula. Me miserum, quod -tu non valuisti! una fuissemus; consilium certe non defuisset; σύν τε -δύ' ἐρχομένω----. - -Sed acta ne agamus, reliqua paremus. Me adhuc haec duo fefellerunt, -initio spes compositionis, qua facta volebam uti populari vita, -sollicitudine senectutem nostram liberari; deinde bellum crudele et -exitiosum suscipi a Pompeio intellegebam. Melioris medius fidius -civis et viri putabam quovis supplicio adfici, quam illi crudelitati -non solum praeesse, verum etiam interesse. Videtur vel mori satius -fuisse quam esse cum his. Ad haec igitur cogita, mi Attice, vel potius -excogita. Quemvis eventum fortius feram quam hunc dolorem. - - * * * * * - - Page 199 - -take this grief away from me, or at any rate lessen it by your sympathy -or advice or by any other possible means. Yet what can you or any man -do? God Himself could hardly help now. - -But my own aim now is to achieve what you advise and hope, that Caesar -excuse my absence, when any measure is brought forward against Pompey -in the house. But I fear I may fail. Furnius has come from Caesar. To -show you the sort of men I am following, he tells me that the son of Q. -Titinius is with Caesar, but Caesar expresses greater thanks to me than -I could wish. His request put in a few words, but _ex cathedra_, you -may see from his letter. How grieved I am at your ill-health! We should -have been together; assuredly advice would not have been wanting: "Two -heads are better than one." - -[Sidenote: Iliad X, 224] - -But let us not fight battles over again, let us attend to the future. -Till now two things have led me astray, at first the hope of a -settlement, and, if that were secured, I was ready for private life and -an old age quit of public cares; and then I discovered that Pompey was -beginning a bloody and destructive war. On my honour I thought that -it was the part of a better man and a better citizen to suffer any -punishment rather than, I will not say to take a leading part, but even -to take any part in such atrocities. It seems as though it would have -been preferable to die than to be one of such men. So, my dear Atticus, -think on these problems, or rather think them out. I shall bear any -result more bravely than this affliction. - - * * * * * - - Page 200 - - - - -VIa - -CAESAR IMP. S. D. CICERONI IMP. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in itinere in. m. Mart. a. 705_] - -Cum Furnium nostrum tantum vidissem neque loqui neque audire meo -commodo potuissem, properarem atque essem in itinere praemissis iam -legionibus, praeterire tamen non potui, quin et scriberem ad te et -illum mitterem gratiasque agerem, etsi hoc et feci saepe et saepius -mihi facturus videor. Ita de me mereris. In primis a te peto, quoniam -confido me celeriter ad urbem venturum, ut te ibi videam, ut tuo -consilio, gratia, dignitate, ope omnium rerum uti possim. Ad propositum -revertar; festinationi meae brevitatique litterarum ignosces. Reliqua -ex Furnio cognosces. - - - - -VII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiis III Id. Mart. a. 705_] - -Scripseram ad te epistulam, quam darem IIII Idus. Sed eo die is, -cui dare volueram, non est profectus. Venit autem eo ipso die ille -"celeripes," quem Salvius dixerat. Attulit uberrimas tuas litteras; -quae mihi quiddam quasi animulae instillarunt; recreatum enim me non -queo dicere. Sed plane τὸ συνέχον effecisti. Ego enim non iam id ago, -mihi crede, ut prosperos exitus consequar. Sic enim video, nec duobus -his vivis nec hoc uno nos umquam rem publicam habituros. - - * * * * * - - Page 201 - - - - -VIa - -CAESAR THE IMPERATOR SENDS GREETINGS TO CICERO THE IMPERATOR. - - -[Sidenote: _On the march, March_, B.C. _49_] - -Though I have only had a glimpse of our friend Furnius, and have not -yet been able conveniently to speak to him or hear what he has to -say, being in a hurry and on the march, yet I could not neglect the -opportunity of writing to you and sending him to convey my thanks. -Be sure I have often thanked you and I expect to have occasion to do -so still more often in the future: so great are your services to me. -First I beg you, since I trust that I shall quickly reach Rome, to let -me see you there, and employ your advice, favour, position and help -of all kinds. I will return to what I began with: pardon my haste and -the shortness of my letter. All the other information you may get from -Furnius. - - - - -VII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 13_, B.C. _49_] - -I wrote you a letter dated the 12th of March, but on that day the man -to whom I meant to give it did not set out. However, on that very -day there arrived that "sprinter," as Salvius called him, bringing -your very full epistle which has put just a drop of life into me, for -recovered I cannot profess to be. Clearly you have done the one thing -needful. Believe me I am not acting now with a view to a lucky issue; -for I see that we can never enjoy a Republic while these two men live, -or this one alone. So I - - * * * * * - - Page 202 - -Ita neque de otio nostro spero iam nec ullam acerbitatem recuso. Unum -illud extimescebam, ne quid turpiter facerem, vel dicam iam ne fecissem. - -Sic ergo habeto, salutares te mihi litteras misisse neque solum has -longiores, quibus nihil potest esse explicatius, nihil perfectius, sed -etiam illas breviores, in quibus hoc mihi iucundissimum fuit, consilium -factumque nostrum a Sexto probari, pergratumque mihi tu ...[84] -fecisti; a quo et diligi me et, quid rectum sit, intellegi scio. -Longior vero tua epistula non me solum, sed meos omnes aegritudine -levavit. Itaque utar tuo consilio et ero in Formiano, ne aut ad urbem -ἀπάντησις mea animadvertatur, aut, si nec hic nec illic eum videro, -devitatum se a me putet. Quod autem suades, ut ab eo petam, ut mihi -concedat, ut idem tribuam Pompeio, quod ipsi tribuerim, id me iam -pridem agere intelleges ex litteris Balbi et Oppi, quarum exempla tibi -misi. Misi etiam Caesaris ad eos sana mente scriptas quo modo in tanta -insania. Sin mihi Caesar hoc non concedat, video tibi placere illud, me -πολίτευμα de pace suscipere; in quo non extimesco periculum (cum enim -tot impendeant, cur non honestissimo depecisci velim?), sed vereor, ne -Pompeio quid oneris imponam, - - μή μοι γοργείην κεφαλὴν δεινοῖο πελώρου - -intorqueat. Mirandum enim in modum Gnaeus noster Sullani regni -similitudinem concupivit. Εἰδώς σοι λέγω. Nihil ille umquam minus -obscure tulit. - -[84] _After_ tu _there is probably a lacuna which should be filled by -some such words as those suggested by Lehmann_: fecisti, quod me de -iudicio eius certiorem. - - * * * * * - - Page 203 - -have no hope of ease for myself and I do not refuse to contemplate as -possible any bitterness. The one thing I dread is doing, or, perhaps I -should say, having done, anything disgraceful. - -[Sidenote: Odyssey xi, 663] - -So please consider that your letter was good for me, and not only the -longer, most explicit and perfect epistle, but also the shorter, in -which the most delightful thing was to find that my policy and action -is approved by Sextus. You have done me a great kindness....[85] Of -his affection and sense of honour I am sure. But that longer letter of -yours has relieved not only me but all my friends from our sorry state: -so I will follow your advice and remain in the villa at Formiae, that -my meeting with Caesar outside the city may not excite comment, or, if -I do not meet him either here or there, I may not lead him to think -I have shunned him. As for your advice to ask him to allow me to pay -Pompey the same homage as I did to him, you will understand I have been -doing that long since, when you see the copies I forward of letters -of Balbus and Oppius. I send also a letter addressed by Caesar to -them, which is sane enough considering these mad times. But, if Caesar -should refuse my request, I see that you think I should undertake to -be a peace-maker. In that rôle I do not fear danger--for, with so many -dangers overhanging, why should I not compound by taking the most -respectable--but I fear lest I may embarrass Pompey, and he fix on me -"the Gorgon gaze of his dread eye." It is wonderful to see how Pompey -desires to imitate Sulla's reign. I know what I am saying. He has made -no secret of it. Then why - -[85] Adopting Lehmann's suggestion "in telling me of his opinion." - - * * * * * - - Page 204 - -"Cum hocne igitur," inquies, "esse vis?" Beneficium sequor, mihi crede, -non causam, [ut in Milone, ut in.... Sed hactenus].[86] "Causa igitur -non bona est?" Immo optima, sed agetur, memento, foedissime. Primum -consilium est suffocare urbem et Italiam fame, deinde agros vastare, -urere, pecuniis locupletum non abstinere. Sed, cum eadem metuam ab hac -parte, si illim beneficium non sit, rectius putem quidvis domi perpeti. -Sed ita meruisse illum de me puto, ut ἀχαριστίας crimen subire non -audeam, quamquam a te eius quoque rei iusta defensio est explicata. - -[86] _The words in brackets are probably a gloss which has crept into -the text._ - -De triumpho tibi adsentior, quem quidem totum facile et lubenter -abiecero. Egregie probo fore ut, dum agamus, ὁ πλόος ὡραῖος obrepat. -"Si modo," inquis, "satis ille erit firmus." Est firmior etiam, quam -putabamus. De isto licet bene speres. Promitto tibi, si valebit, -tegulam illum in Italia nullam relicturum. "Tene igitur socio?" Contra -mehercule meum iudicium et contra omnium antiquorum auctoritatem, nec -tam ut illa adiuvem, quam ut haec ne videam, cupio discedere. Noli -enim putare tolerabiles horum insanias nec unius modi fore. Etsi quid -te horum fugit, legibus, iudicibus, iudiciis senatu sublato libidines, -audacias, sumptus, egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas -posse res nec rem publicam sustinere? Abeamus igitur inde qualibet -navigatione; etsi id quidem, ut tibi videbitur, - - * * * * * - - Page 205 - -do I wish to be associated with such a man? Believe me I follow -gratitude, not a cause [and I did in the case of Milo and in.... But -enough of this.] "Then the cause is not good?" Yes, the best in the -world; but remember it will be handled in the most disgraceful way. The -first plan is to throttle Rome and Italy and starve them, then to lay -waste and burn the country, and not to keep hands off the riches of -the wealthy. But, since I have the same fears on Caesar's side too, if -it were not for favours on the other side, I should think it better to -stay in Rome and suffer what comes. But so bounden do I consider myself -to Pompey that I cannot endure to risk the charge of ingratitude. But -you have said all that can be said for that course too. - -About my triumph I agree with you. I can throw it away willingly and -with ease. I am delighted with your remark that it may be, while I am -considering, "the chance to sail" may arise. "Yes," you say, "if only -Pompey is firm enough." He is more firm than I imagined. In him you -may be confident. I promise you, if he succeeds, he will not leave a -tile in Italy. "Will you help him, then?" By heaven, against my own -judgement and against all the lessons of the past I desire to depart, -not so much that I may help Pompey, as that I may not see what is being -done here. For please do not think that the madness of these parties -will be endurable or of one kind. However, it is obvious to you that -when laws, juries, courts and Senate are abolished, neither private nor -public resources will be able to bear up against the lusts, daring, -extravagance and necessity of so many needy men. So let me depart on -any kind of voyage: be it whatever you will, only let me depart. - - * * * * * - - Page 206 - -sed certe abeamus. Sciemus enim, id quod exspectas, quid Brundisi actum -sit. - -Bonis viris quod ais probari, quae adhuc fecerimus, scirique ab iis -nos non profectos, valde gaudeo, si est nunc ullus gaudendi locus. De -Lentulo investigabo diligentius. Id mandavi Philotimo, homini forti ac -nimium optimati. - -Extremum est, ut tibi argumentum ad scribendum fortasse iam desit. Nec -enim alia de re nunc ulla scribi potest, et de hac quid iam amplius -inveniri potest? Sed, quoniam et ingenium suppeditat (dico mehercule, -ut sentio) et amor, quo et meum ingenium incitatur, perge, ut facis, et -scribe, quantum potes. - -In Epirum quod me non invitas, comitem non molestum, subirascor. Sed -vale. Nam, ut tibi ambulandum, ungendum, sic mihi dormiendum. Etenim -litterae tuae mihi somnum attulerunt. - - - - -VIIa - -BALBUS ET OPPIUS S. D. M. CICERONI. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Romae VI aut V Id. Mart. a. 705_] - -Nedum hominum humilium, ut nos sumus, sed etiam amplissimorum virorum -consilia ex eventu, non ex voluntate a plerisque probari solent. Tamen -freti tua humanitate, quod verissimum nobis videbitur, de eo, quod ad -nos scripsisti, tibi consilium dabimus. Quod si non fuerit prudens, at -certe ab optima fide et optimo animo proficiscetur. - -Nos, si id, quod nostro iudicio Caesarem facere - - * * * * * - - Page 207 - -For I shall know the news you are waiting for, what has happened at -Brundisium. - -If, as you say, my conduct hitherto has been approved by the loyal -party and they are aware I have not gone away, I am very glad indeed, -if now there is any place for gladness. As for Lentulus I will make -more careful inquiries. I have entrusted the matter to Philotimus, a -man of courage and excessive loyalty. - -The last thing I have to say is, that perhaps you lack a theme for your -letters--for one can write on no other topic, and what more can be said -on this? But since there is plenty of ability in you (and upon my soul -I speak as I feel) and affection which also spurs my own wit, go on as -you are doing and write as much as you can. - -I am rather annoyed that you do not invite me as your guest to Epirus -when you know I should give you no trouble. But good-bye. You want your -walk and perfumery and I want my sleep: for your letter has induced -sleep. - - - - -VIIa - -BALBUS AND OPPIUS TO M. CICERO, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 10 or 11_, B.C. _49_] - -Advice--even the advice of distinguished persons, let alone nobodies -like ourselves--is generally judged by results and not by intentions. -However, relying on your kindness of heart, we will give you the -soundest advice we can on the point about which you wrote, and, even if -its wisdom may be doubted, there will be no doubt that it springs from -good faith and good feeling. - -If we had heard from Caesar's own lips that he - - * * * * * - - Page 208 - -oportere existimamus, ut, simul Romam venerit, agat de reconciliatione -gratiae suae et Pompei, id eum facturum ex ipso cognovissemus, -deberemus[87] te hortari, ut velles iis rebus interesse, quo facilius -et maiore cum dignitate per te, qui utrique es coniunctus, res tota -confieret, aut, si ex contrario putaremus Caesarem id non facturum, -et etiam velle cum Pompeio bellum gerere sciremus, numquam tibi -suaderemus, contra hominem optime de te meritum arma ferres, sicuti -te semper oravimus, ne contra Caesarem pugnares. Sed, cum etiam nunc, -quid facturus Caesar sit, magis opinari quam scire possimus,[88] -non possumus nisi hoc, non videri eam tuam esse dignitatem neque -fidem omnibus cognitam, ut contra alterutrum, cum utrique sis maxime -necessarius, arma feras, et hoc non dubitamus quin Caesar pro sua -humanitate maxime sit probaturus. Nos tamen, si tibi videbitur, ad -Caesarem scribemus, ut nos certiores faciat, quid hac re acturus sit. A -quo si erit nobis rescriptum, statim, quae sentiemus, ad te scribemus, -et tibi fidem faciemus nos ea suadere, quae nobis videntur tuae -dignitati, non Caesaris actioni esse utilissima, et hoc Caesarem pro -sua indulgentia in suos probaturum putamus. - -[87] deberemus _added by Lehmann_. - -[88] possimus _added by Ascensius_. - - - - -VIIb - -BALBUS CICERONI IMP. SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Romae V aut IV Id. Mart. a. 705_] - -S. V. B. Posteaquam litteras communes cum Oppio ad te dedi, ab Caesare -epistulam accepi, cuius exemplum - - * * * * * - - Page 209 - -was going to do, what in our opinion he ought to do, as soon as he -reaches Rome, that is to say try to effect a reconciliation with -Pompey, we should feel it our duty to exhort you to take part in -the negotiations, as the whole thing could most easily and with the -greatest dignity be carried through by you, who have ties with both -parties. If on the contrary we thought Caesar was not going to follow -that course, and knew that he even wished to wage war with Pompey, -we should never advise you to bear arms against a man who has done -you such good service, just as we have always begged you not to -fight against Caesar. But, since Caesar's intentions are still mere -guesswork, we can only say that it does not seem consonant with your -dignity or your well-known sense of honour to bear arms against either -of them, as you are intimate with both: and we have no doubt that -Caesar will be generous enough to approve of this course. If you wish -it, however, we will write to Caesar to ascertain his intentions in -this matter. If he sends us an answer, we will let you know our opinion -at once, and convince you that we are giving the advice which seems -to us to be best for your dignity, not for Caesar's policy, and, such -is Caesar's consideration for his friends, that we feel sure he will -approve of such a course. - - - - -VIIb - -BALBUS TO CICERO, THE IMPERATOR, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Rome, March 11 or 12_, B.C. _49_] - -I hope you are well.[89] After sending you a letter in conjunction with -Oppius I had a note from Caesar, of which I am forwarding a copy. From -it you can - -[89] The letters _S.V.B._ stand for _si vales bene (est)_. - - * * * * * - - Page 210 - -tibi misi. Ex quibus perspicere poteris, quam cupiat concordiam suam -et Pompei reconciliare, et quam remotus sit ab omni crudelitate; quod -eum sentire, ut debeo, valde gaudeo. De te et tua fide et pietate -idem mehercule, mi Cicero, sentio quod tu, non posse tuam famam et -officium sustinere, ut contra eum arma feras, a quo tantum beneficium -te accepisse praedices. Caesarem hoc idem probaturum exploratum pro -singulari eius humanitate habeo, eique cumulatissime satis facturum te -certo scio, cum nullam partem belli contra cum suscipias neque socius -eius adversariis fueris. Atque hoc non solum in te, tali et tanto viro, -satis habebit, sed etiam mihi ipse sua concessit voluntate, ne in iis -castris essem, quae contra Lentulum aut Pompeium futura essent, quorum -beneficia maxima haberem, sibique satis esse dixit, si togatus urbana -officia sibi praestitissem, quae etiam illis, si vellem, praestare -possem. Itaque nunc Romae omnia negotia Lentuli procuro, sustineo, -meumque officium, fidem, pietatem iis praesto. Sed mehercule rursus -iam abiectam compositionis spem non desperatissimam esse puto, quoniam -Caesar est ea mente, quam optare debemus. - -Hac re mihi placet, si tibi videtur, te ad eum scribere et ab eo -praesidium petere, ut petiisti a Pompeio me quidem adprobante -temporibus Milonianis. Praestabo, si Caesarem bene novi, eum prius tuae -dignitatis quam suae utilitatis rationem habiturum. - -Haec quam prudenter tibi scribam, nescio, sed illud - - * * * * * - - Page 211 - -see how eager he is for a reconciliation between himself and Pompey, -and how far removed all cruelty is from his thoughts: and I am, as in -duty bound, very glad that he takes that view. As for yourself and -your honour, and loyalty to your friends, I give you my word, my dear -Cicero, that I think as you do, that your reputation and your duty will -not admit of your bearing arms against a man, from whom you acknowledge -that you have received such favours. I have not the slightest doubt -that Caesar with his extraordinary kindness will agree, and that you -will satisfy him abundantly, by taking no part against him in the war -and not siding with his opponents. And this he will count sufficient -not only in the case of so important a personage as yourself, but even -to me of his own free will he has granted the same permission not to -enter a camp which would be opposed to Lentulus and Pompey, to whom I -am under great obligations: and he has said he is quite satisfied, if I -should perform peaceful civic functions for him, which I am at liberty -to perform for them too, if I wish. So I am acting now as Lentulus' -deputy at Rome and carrying out his business, fulfilling my duty and -maintaining my honour and loyalty to them. But really, though I had -given up hope of peace, I am no longer in despair of it, since Caesar -is in the mood in which we would wish him to be. - -Under the circumstances I see no objection, if you think fit, to -your writing and asking for his protection, as you did for Pompey's, -with my approval, at Milo's trial. If I know anything of Caesar, I -will guarantee that he will consider your dignity more than his own -advantage. - -How far the advice I am sending may be right, I - - * * * * * - - Page 212 - -certe scio, me ab singulari amore ac benevolentia, quaecumque scribo, -tibi scribere, quod te (ita incolumi Caesare moriar!) tanti facio, ut -paucos aeque ac te caros habeam. De hac re cum aliquid constitueris, -velim mihi scribas. Nam non mediocriter laboro, utrique, ut vis, tuam -benevolentiam praestare possis, quam mehercule te praestaturum confide. -Fac valeas. - - - - -VIIc - -CAESAR OPPIO, CORNELIO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in itinere paulo ante ep. 7 B._] - -Gaudeo mehercule vos significare litteris, quam valde probetis ea, -quae apud Corfinium sunt gesta. Consilio vestro utar lubenter, et hoc -lubentius, quod mea sponte facere constitueram, ut quam lenissimum me -praeberem et Pompeium darem operam ut reconciliarem. Temptemus, hoc -modo si possimus omnium voluntates recuperare et diuturna victoria -uti, quoniam reliqui crudelitate odium effugere non potuerunt neque -victoriam diutius tenere praeter unum L. Sullam, quem imitaturus non -sum. Haec nova sit ratio vincendi, ut misericordia et liberalitate -nos muniamus. Id quem ad modum fieri possit, non nulla mi in mentem -veniunt, et multa reperiri possunt. De his rebus rogo vos ut -cogitationem suscipiatis. - -N. Magium, Pompei praefectum, deprehendi. Scilicet meo instituto usus -sum et eum statim missum - - * * * * * - - Page 213 - -do not know; but one thing I do know, that, in sending what I am -sending to you, I am actuated by more than ordinary affection and -goodwill. Though I am ready to die for Caesar's sake, there are few -that I esteem as highly as I esteem you. When you have made up your -mind on the point, I should like you to let me know, for I am much -concerned that you should be able to show your goodwill to both -parties, as you desire: and I have not the faintest doubt that you -will. Take care of your health. - - - - -VIIc - -CAESAR TO OPPIUS AND CORNELIUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _On the road, shortly before 7 B._] - -I am very glad to hear from your letters how strongly you approve -of what happened at Corfinium. I shall follow your advice with -pleasure--with all the more pleasure, because I had myself made up my -mind to act with the greatest moderation, and to do my best to effect -a reconciliation with Pompey. Let us see if by moderation we can win -all hearts and secure a lasting victory, since by cruelty others have -been unable to escape from hatred and to maintain their victory for -any length of time except L. Sulla, whose example I do not intend to -follow. This is a new way of conquering, to strengthen one's position -by kindness and generosity. As to how this can be done, some ideas have -occurred to me and many more can be found. I should like you to turn -some attention to the matter. - -I have taken N. Magius, a praefect of Pompey. Of course I kept to my -policy and set him free at once. - - * * * * * - - Page 214 - -feci. Iam duo praefecti fabrum Pompei in meam potestatem venerunt et -a me missi sunt. Si volent grati esse, debebunt Pompeium hortari, ut -malit mihi esse amicus quam iis, qui et illi et mihi semper fuerunt -inimicissimi; quorum artificiis effectum est, ut res publica in hunc -statum perveniret. - - - - -VIII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano prid. Id. Mart. a. 705_] - -Cenantibus II Idus nobis, ac noctu quidem,, Statius a te epistulam -brevem attulit. De L. Torquato quod quaeris, non modo Lucius, sed -etiam Aulus profectus est, alter multos.[90] De Reatinorum corona quod -scribis, moleste fero in agro Sabino sementem fieri proscriptionis. -Senatores multos esse Romae nos quoque audieramus. Ecquid potes dicere, -cur exierint? In his locis opinio est coniectura magis quam nuntio aut -litteris Caesarem Formiis a. d. XI Kal. Apriles fore. Hic ego vellem -habere Homeri illam Minervam simulatam Mentori, cui dicerem: - -Μέντορ, πῶς τ' ἄρ' ἴω, πῶς τ' ἂρ προσπτύξομαι αὐτόν; - -Nullam rem umquam difficiliorem cogitavi, sed cogito tamen nec ero -ut in malis imparatus. Sed cura, ut valeas. Puto enim diem tuum heri -fuisse. - -[90] _For the unintelligible_ alter multos _Reid suggests_ ante multo; -_Purser_ alter duos aliquos dies abest, alter multos. - - * * * * * - - Page 215 - -So now two of Pompey's praefects of engineers have fallen into my hands -and I have set them free. If they have any gratitude, they ought to -exhort Pompey to prefer my friendship to that of men who were always -the bitterest enemies both to him and to me. It is their machinations -that have brought the State into its present plight. - - - - -VIII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 14_, B.C. _49_] - -[Sidenote: Odyssey iii, 22] - -As I was dining on the 14th, and indeed after nightfall, Statius -brought a short letter from you. For your query about L. Torquatus, not -only Lucius but also Aulus has gone [the former some two days],[91] the -latter a long time ago. For your news about the sale of prisoners at -Reate, I am sorry that the seeds of a proscription should be sown in -the Sabine district. That many members of the House are at Rome, I also -have heard. Can you give any reason why they ever left it? Here there -is an idea based on guesswork rather than message or dispatch that -Caesar will be at Formiae on March the 22nd. I wish I could have here -Homer's Minerva disguised as Mentor, that I might say to her, "Mentor, -how shall I go, and how shall I welcome him, pray?" I have never had a -more difficult step to think of. But I think of it nevertheless: nor -shall I be unprepared, so far as the evil days permit. Take care of -yourself, for I fancy yesterday was the day for your fever. - -[91] Adopting Purser's suggestion. - - * * * * * - - Page 216 - - - - -IX - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano XVI K. Apr. a. 705_] - -Tres epistulas tuas accepi postridie Idus. Erant autem IIII, III, -pridie Idus datae. Igitur antiquissimae cuique primum respondebo. -Adsentio tibi, ut in Formiano potissimum commorer, etiam de supero -mari, temptaboque,[92] ut antea ad te scripsi, ecquonam modo possim -voluntate eius nullam rei publicae partem attingere. Quod laudas, quia -oblivisci me scripsi ante facta et delicta nostri amici, ego vero ita -facio. Quin ea ipsa, quae a te commemorantur, secus ab eo in me ipsum -facta esse non memini. Tanto plus apud me valere beneficii gratiam -quam iniuriae dolorem volo. Faciamus igitur, ut censes, colligamusque -nos. Σοφιστεύω enim, simul ut rus decurro, atque in decursu θέσεις -meas commentari non desino. Sed sunt quaedam earum perdifficiles ad -iudicandum. De optimatibus sit sane ita, ut vis; sed nosti illud -Διονύσιος ἐν Κορίνθω. - -[92] temptaboque _Nipperdey_: plaboque _M_: perlabor _I_. - -Titini filius apud Caesarem est. Quod autem quasi vereri videris, -ne mihi tua consilia displiceant, me vero nihil delectat aliud nisi -consilium et litterae tuae. Quare fac, ut ostendis, ne destiteris ad -me, quicquid tibi in mentem venerit, scribere. Mihi nihil potest esse -gratius. - -Venio ad alteram nunc epistulam. Recte non credis de numero militum; -ipso dimidio plus scripsit - - * * * * * - - Page 217 - - - - -IX - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 17_, B.C. _49_] - -I got three letters from you on the 16th. They were dated the 12th, -13th and 14th. So I will take the earliest first. I agree with you that -it is best for me to stay at Formiae. I also agree about the Adriatic. -But as I wrote you before, I will strive to discover how I may be able -with Caesar's goodwill to keep quite clear of politics. You praise me -for saying that I forget Pompey's former misdeeds and ill-doings, but -it is a fact. Nay, those very actions you call to mind, in which he did -harm to me myself, have no place in my memory. I am so determined to -feel gratitude for his kindness rather than resentment for injuries. -Let me act then as you decree, and pull myself together. For I -philosophize as I walk about my estate, and in my perambulations I do -not cease to ponder my themes. But some of them are very difficult to -decide. As for the loyalists, let it be as you wish. You know the old -saying "Dionysius in Corinth."[93] - -[93] Dionysius, when expelled from the throne of Syracuse, fled to -Corinth and according to some authorities set up a school there. But -whether the saying here mentioned refers merely to his exile and means -"There are ups and downs in life," or to his schoolmastering, as Jeans -suggests, referring to a passage in _Tusc._ III, 27, where Cicero -says Dionysius took to schoolmastering because he wished to tyrannize -over somebody, is uncertain. If the latter, it would mean that the -_optimates_ would ill-use Cicero again as soon as they got the power. - -Titinius' son is with Caesar. You seem to fear that your advice irks -me; but nothing indeed pleases me except your counsel and your letters. -So do as you promise. Do not omit to write to me anything that comes -into your mind; for nothing can delight me more. - -I turn now to your next letter. You are right not - - * * * * * - - Page 218 - -Clodia. Falsum etiam de corruptis navibus. Quod consules laudas, ego -quoque animum laudo, sed consilium reprehendo; dispersu enim illorum -actio de pace sublata est, quam quidem ego meditabar. Itaque postea -Demetri librum de concordia tibi remisi et Philotimo dedi. Nec vero -dubito, quin exitiosum bellum impendeat; cuius initium ducetur a -fame. Et me tamen doleo non interesse huic bello! In quo tanta vis -sceleris futura est, ut, cum parentes non alere nefarium sit, nostri -principes antiquissimam et sanctissimam parentem, patriam, fame -necandam putent. Atque hoc non opinione timeo, sed interfui sermonibus. -Omnis haec classis Alexandria, Colchis, Tyro, Sidone, Arado, Cypro, -Pamphylia, Lycia, Rhodo, Chio, Byzantio, Lesbo, Zmyrna, Mileto, Coo -ad intercludendos commeatus Italiae et ad occupandas frumentarias -provincias comparatur. At quam veniet iratus! et iis quidem maxime, -qui eum maxime salvum volebant, quasi relictus ab iis, quos reliquit. -Itaque mihi dubitanti, quid me facere par sit, permagnum pondus adfert -benevolentia erga illum; qua dempta perire melius esset in patria quam -patriam servando evertere. De septemtrione plane ita est. Metuo, - - * * * * * - - Page 219 - -to believe the reports about the number of Pompey's soldiers. -Clodia's letter made them just double. It was untrue also about the -destruction of the vessels. You praise the consuls; so do I praise -their courage, but I blame their policy. Their departure has destroyed -the negotiations for peace, the very thing which I was contemplating. -So after that I returned you Demetrius' book on Concord and gave it to -Philotimus. And I have no doubt a disastrous war is imminent, which -will be ushered in by famine. And here I am lamenting that I have no -hand in the war, a war which will be so criminal, that though it is -wicked not to support one's parents, yet our chiefs will not hesitate -to destroy by starvation their country, that most reverend and holiest -of parents! And my fears are not based on mere surmise. I have heard -their talk. All this fleet from Alexandria, Colchis, Tyre, Sidon, -Aradus, Cyprus, Pamphylia, Lycia, Rhodes, Chius, Byzantium, Lesbos, -Smyrna, Miletus, Cos, is being got ready to cut off the supplies of -Italy and to blockade the grain-producing provinces. And how angry -Pompey will be when he comes, particularly with those who particularly -desire his safety, as if he were abandoned by those whom he has -abandoned! So in my doubt what I ought to do, I am greatly swayed by my -good feeling towards Pompey. Without that it were better to perish in -my country, than to destroy my country by saving it. As to the north -wind, it is clearly as you write. I fear Epirus - - * * * * * - - Page 220 - -ne vexetur Epirus; sed quem tu locum Graeciae non direptum iri -putas? Praedicat enim palam et militibus ostendit se largitione ipsa -superiorem quam hunc fore. Illud me praeclare admones, cum illum -videro, ne nimis indulgenter, et ut cum gravitate potius loquar. Plane -sic faciendum. Arpinum, cum eum convenero, cogito, ne forte aut absim, -cum veniet, aut cursem huc illuc via deterrima. Bibulum, ut scribis, -audio venisse et redisse pridie Idus. - -Philotimum, ut ais in epistula tertia, exspectabas. At ille Idibus a -me profectus est. Eo serius ad tuam illam epistulam, cui ego statim -rescripseram, redditae sunt meae litterae. De Domitio, ut scibis, -ita opinor esse, ut et in Cosano sit, et consilium eius ignoretur. -Iste omnium turpissimus et sordidissimus, qui consularia comitia a -praetore ait haberi posse, est idem, qui semper in re publica fuit. -Itaque nimirum hoc illud est, quod Caesar scribit in ea epistula, -cuius exemplum ad te misi, se velle uti "consilio" meo (age, esto; -hoc commune est), "gratia" (ineptum id quidem, sed, puto, hoc simulat -ad quasdam senatorum sententias), "dignitate" (fortasse sententiae -consularis). Illud extremum est: "ope omnium rerum." Id ego suspicari -coepi tum ex tuis litteris aut hoc ipsum esse aut non multo secus. Nam -permagni eius interest rem ad interregnum non venire. Id adsequitur, si -per praetorem consules creantur. Nos autem in libris - - * * * * * - - Page 221 - -may be harassed, but do you suppose there is any part of Greece that -will not be robbed? Pompey openly declares and shows his men that he -will be more liberal even than Caesar in largesse. You do well to -advise me, when I see Caesar, not to be too complacent, and to speak -rather with dignity. Clearly I must do so. I am thinking of going to -Arpinum after I have met him; for I do not want to be absent on his -arrival, or to have to travel to and fro in the wretched condition of -the roads. I hear, as you write, that Bibulus came and went back on the -14th. - -[Sidenote: Iliad iv, 182] - -You say in your third letter that you were awaiting Philotimus. He set -out from me on the 15th. That was why my reply to your letter, which -I wrote immediately, was late in reaching you. I think you are right -about Domitius, that he is in his place at Cosa; but what his plan -is, is not known. That disgraceful mean blackguard M. Lepidus, who -says that the consular elections may be held by a praetor, is playing -his old part in politics. So that was the meaning of the passage in -Caesar's letter of which I sent you a copy, that he wanted to enjoy my -"advice" (well, that is a general expression), my "influence" (that -is flattery, but I suppose he affects to want it with a view to the -votes of certain senators), my "position" (perhaps he means my vote as -an ex-consul). His last phrase is "help in every way." I have begun -to suspect from your letter that that is the point, or something very -like it. For it is highly important to him that there should not be -an interregnum. That point is attained, if consuls are created by a -praetor. But in our state books it is set down that it is illegal not -only for - - * * * * * - - Page 222 - -habemus non modo consules a praetore, sed ne praetores quidem creari -ius esse, idque factum esse numquam; consules eo non esse ius, quod -maius imperium a minore rogari non sit ius, praetores autem, quod ita -rogentur, ut collegae consulibus sint, quorum est maius imperium. -Aberit non longe, quin hoc a me decerni velit neque sit contentus -Galba, Scaevola, Cassio, Antonio: - - Τότε μοι χάνοι εὐρεῖα χθών! - -Sed, quanta tempestas impendeat, vides. Qui transierint senatores, -scribam ad te, cum certum habebo. De re frumentaria recte intellegis, -quae nullo modo administrari sine vectigalibus potest; nec sine causa -et eos, qui circum illum sunt, omnia postulantes et bellum nefarium -times. Trebatium nostrum, etsi, ut scribis, nihil bene sperat, tamen -videre sane velim. Quem fac horteris, ut properet; opportune enim ad me -ante adventum Caesaris venerit. De Lanuvino, statim ut audivi Phameam -mortuum, optavi, si modo esset futura res publica, ut id aliquis emeret -meorum, neque tamen de te, qui maxime meus es, cogitavi. Sciebam enim -te "quoto anno" et "quantum in solo" solere quaerere neque solum Romae, -sed etiam Deli tuum διάγραμμα videram.[94] Verum tamen ego illud, -quamquam est bellum, minoris aestimo, quam aestimabatur Marcellino -consule, cum ego istos hortulos propter domum Anti, quam tum habebam, -iucundiores mihi fore putabam et minore impensa, quam si Tusculanum -refecissem. Volui HS. Q. Egi per praedem, ille daret tanti, cum haberet -venale. - -[94] διάγραμμα _Malespina_; digamma _MSS._ - - * * * * * - - Page 223 - -consuls to be created by the praetors, but for the very praetors -themselves, and that it has never been done; that it is illegal for -consuls, because it is illegal for persons with greater powers to be -proposed for election by those with less; for praetors, because they -are proposed as colleagues of the consuls who have the greater powers. -The next thing will be, he will want me to vote for it, and he will -not be content with Galba, Scaevola, Cassius and Antonius, "then let -the wide earth swallow me." But you see what a storm is coming. Which -senators have crossed over to Pompey I will tell you as soon as I -know. You are right about the corn supply: it cannot be done without -taxation: and you have cause to fear the exorbitant demands of Pompey's -associates and a wicked war. I should much like to see my friend -Trebatius, although you tell me he is in despair. Do bid him hurry, -for it will be convenient, if he comes before Caesar's arrival. As for -that estate at Lanuvium, as soon as I heard of the death of Phamea, I -longed, if the constitution was going to last, that one of my friends -should buy it, and yet I did not think of you, my best friend of all. -For I know that it is your custom to inquire in how many years you -may recoup yourself of a purchase, and the value of fixtures, and I -had seen your inventory not only at Rome but at Delos. But, though it -is a pretty property, I rate it at a lower value than it was rated in -Marcellinus' consulship, when I thought that, owing to the house I then -had at Antium, those little gardens would please me better and cost -less than the repair of my villa at Tusculum. I wanted the property for -£4,500.[95] I made an offer to that amount through a third party, when -he was putting - -[95] Q. = quingentis millibus, i.e. 500,000 sesterces. - - * * * * * - - Page 224 - -Noluit. Sed nunc omnia ista iacere puto propter nummorum caritatem. -Mihi quidem erit aptissimum vel nobis potius, si tu emeris; sed eius -dementias cave contemnas. Valde est venustum. Quamquam mihi ista omnia -iam addicta vastitati videntur. - -Respondi epistulis tribus, sed exspecto alias; nam me adhuc tuae -litterae sustentarunt. D. Liberalibus. - - - - -X - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano XV K. Apr. a. 705_] - -Nihil habebam, quod scriberem. Neque enim novi quicquam audieram et -ad tuas omnes rescripseram pridie. Sed, cum me aegritudo non solum -somno privaret, verum ne vigilare quidem sine summo dolore pateretur, -tecum ut quasi loquerer, in quo uno acquiesco, hoc nescio quid nullo -argumento proposito scribere institui. - -Amens mihi fuisse videor a principio, et me una haec res torquet, quod -non omnibus in rebus labentem vel potius ruentem Pompeium tamquam -unus manipularis secutus sim. Vidi hominem XIIII K. Febr. plenum -formidinis. Illo ipso die sensi, quid ageret. Numquam mihi postea -placuit, nec umquam aliud in alio peccare destitit. Nihil interim ad -me scribere, nihil nisi fugam cogitare. Quid quaeris? sicut ἐν τοῖς -ἐρωτικοῖς alienant immundae, insulsae, indecorae, sic me illius fugae -neglegentiaeque deformitas - - * * * * * - - Page 225 - -it up for sale: but he refused. Nowadays I suppose all such property -is depreciated on account of the scarcity of money. It will suit me -admirably, or rather us, if you buy it. Don't despise the late owner's -folly: it is a most charming place. However, all these seats seem now -to be doomed to destruction. - -I have answered three of your letters; but I await others. So far your -letters have been my support. - -March 17. - - - - -X - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 18_, B.C. _49_] - -I have nothing to write. There is no news that I have heard, and all -your letters I answered yesterday. But as a sick heart not only robs -me of sleep, but will not allow me even to keep awake without the -greatest pain, I have begun to write to you something or other without -any definite subject, that I may have a sort of talk with you, the only -thing that gives me relief. - -I seem to myself to have been mad from the very beginning, and the one -thing that tortures me is that I did not follow Pompey like a private -soldier, when he was slipping or rather rushing to ruin. I saw he was -terrified on the 17th of January: on that day I felt what he would do. -Since then I have never approved his course, and he has never ceased to -commit one blunder after another. Meantime not a letter to me, nothing -but thoughts of flight. Well! Just as in love affairs men are repelled -by untidiness, stupidity and indelicacy, so the ugliness of - - * * * * * - - Page 226 - -avertit ab amore. Nihil enim dignum faciebat, quare eius fugae comitem -me adiungerem. Nunc emergit amor, nunc desiderium ferre non possum, -nunc mihi nihil libri, nihil litterae, nihil doctrina prodest. Ita -dies et noctes tamquam avis illa mare prospecto, evolare cupio. Do, do -poenas temeritatis meae. Etsi quae fuit illa temeritas? quid feci non -consideratissime? Si enim nihil praeter fugam quaereretur, fugissem -libentissime, sed genus belli crudelissimi et maximi, quod nondum -vident homines quale futurum sit, perhorrui. Quae minae municipiis, -quae nominatim viris bonis, quae denique omnibus, qui remansissent! -quam crebro illud "Sulla potuit, ego non potero?"! Mihi autem haeserunt -illa. Male Tarquinius, qui Porsenam, qui Octavium Mamilium contra -patriam, impie Coriolanus, qui auxilium petiit a Volscis, recte -Themistocles, qui mori maluit, nefarius Hippias, Pisistrati filius, -qui in Marathonia pugna cecidit arma contra patriam ferens. At Sulla, -at Marius, at Cinna recte, immo iure fortasse; sed quid eorum victoria -crudelius, quid funestius? Huius belli genus fugi, et eo magis, quod -crudeliora etiam cogitari et parari videbam. Me, quem non nulli -conservatorem istius urbis, quem parentem esse dixerunt, Getarum et -Armeniorum et Colchorum copias ad eam adducere? me meis civibus famem, -vastitatem inferre Italiae? Hunc primum mortalem esse, deinde etiam - - * * * * * - - Page 227 - -his flight and his carelessness have estranged my love. For he has -done nothing of a kind to induce me to share his flight. But now my -old love breaks forth: now I miss him intolerably: now books, letters, -philosophy, do not help me one whit. Day and night, like that bird,[96] -I gaze at the sea, and long to take flight. Sorely am I punished for my -rashness. Yet what rashness was there? I acted with all deliberation. -For, if flight were his only object, I would have fled gladly enough. -But I was aghast at warfare so cruel and desperate, the upshot of which -is still unknown. What threats against the country towns, against -the loyalists by name, in fact against all who should stay behind! -How frequently has he remarked "Sulla could do it, and shall not I?" -I could not get rid of thoughts like these. It was base in Tarquin -to egg on Porsena and Octavius Mamilius against his country; it was -wicked in Coriolanus, to seek help from the Volscians. Themistocles -was right who preferred to die. What a dastard was Hippias, the son of -Pisistratus, who fell at the battle of Marathon, bearing arms against -his country! Yes, but Sulla and Marius and Cinna acted rightly, perhaps -one should say within their rights; but then victory brought cruelty -and death. I shrank from a war of that kind, and also because I saw -cruelty even greater was being planned and prepared. Was it for me, -whom some called the saviour and father of Rome, to bring against her -hordes of Getae, Armenians and Colchians? Was it for me to bring famine -on my fellow-townsmen and devastation on Italy? In the first place I -reflected that Caesar was - -[96] Cf. Plato, _Ep._ vii, 348A, καθάπερ ὄρνις ποθῶν ποθὲν ἀναπτᾶσθαι -"Like a bird longing to fly somewhither." - - * * * * * - - Page 228 - -multis modis posse exstingui cogitabam, urbem autem et populum nostrum -servandum ad immortalitatem, quantum in nobis esset, putabam, et tamen -spes quaedam me oblectabat fore ut aliquid conveniret, potius quam aut -hic tantum sceleris aut ille tantum flagitii admitteret. - -Alia res nunc tota est, alia mens mea. Sol, ut est in tua quadam -epistula, excidisse mihi e mundo videtur. Ut aegroto, dum anima est, -spes esse dicitur, sic ego, quoad Pompeius in Italia fuit, sperare non -destiti. Haec, haec me fefellerunt, et, ut verum loquar, aetas iam a -diuturnis laboribus devexa ad otium domesticarum me rerum delectatione -mollivit. Nunc, si vel periculose experiundum erit, experiar certe, -ut hinc avolem. Ante oportuit fortasse; sed ea, quae scripsisti, me -tardarunt, et auctoritas maxime tua. Nam, cum ad hunc locum venissem, -evolvi volumen epistularum tuarum, quod ego sub signo habeo servoque -diligentissime. Erat igitur in ea, quam X K. Febr. dederas, hoc modo: -"Sed videamus, et Gnaeus quid agat, et illius rationes quorsum fluant. -Quodsi iste Italiam relinquet, faciet omnino male, et, ut ego existimo, -ἀλογίστως, sed tum demum consilia nostra commutanda erunt." Hoc scribis -post diem quartum, quam ab urbe discessimus. Deinde VIII K. Febr.: -"Tantum modo Gnaeus noster ne, ut urbem ἀλογίστως reliquit, sic Italiam -relinquat." Eodem die das alteras litteras, quibus mihi consulenti -planissime respondes. Est enim sic: "Sed venio ad consultationem tuam. -Si Gnaeus Italia cedit, in urbem redeundum puto; quae enim finis -peregrinationis?" Hoc mihi - - * * * * * - - Page 229 - -mortal, and besides might be got rid of in many ways. But I thought -that our city and our people should be preserved so far as in us lay -for immortality; and anyhow I cherished a hope that some arrangement -might be made before Caesar perpetrated such a crime or Pompey such -iniquity. - -Now the case is altered and my mind is altered too. The sun, as you -say in one of your letters, seems to me to have fallen out of the -universe. As a sick man is said to have hope, so long as he has breath, -so I did not cease to hope so long as Pompey was in Italy. This, this -was what deceived me, and to speak the truth after my long labours my -life's evening falling peacefully has made me lazy with the thought of -domestic pleasures. But now, even if risk must be run in fleeing hence, -assuredly I will run it. Perhaps I ought to have done it before: but -the points you wrote about delayed me, and especially your influence. -For, when I got so far, I opened the packet of your letters, which -I keep under seal and preserve with the greatest care. In a letter -dated the 21st of January, you make the following remark: "Let us see -Pompey's policy and the drift of his plans. Now if he leave Italy, it -will be wrong and to my mind irrational: but then and not till then -will be the time to change our plans." This you wrote on the fourth day -after I left Rome. Then on the 23rd of January: "I only pray that our -friend Pompey will not leave Italy, as he has irrationally left Rome." -On the same day you wrote another letter, a frank reply to my request -for advice. It runs: "But to answer the question on which you ask -advice, if Pompey leaves Italy, I think you ought to return to Rome: -for what can be the end to his - - * * * * * - - Page 230 - -plane haesit, et nunc ita video, infinitum bellum iunctum miserrima -fuga, quam tu peregrinationem ὑποκορίζη. Sequitur χρησμὸς VI K. -Februarias: "Ego, si Pompeius manet in Italia, nec res ad pactionem -venit, longius bellum puto fore; sin Italiam relinquit, ad posterum -bellum ἄσπονδον strui existimo." Huius igitur belli ego particeps et -socius et adiutor esse cogor, quod et ἄσπονδον est et cum civibus? -Deinde VII Idus Febr., cum iam plura audires de Pompei consilio, -concludis epistulam quandam hoc modo: "Ego quidem tibi non sim -auctor, si Pompeius Italiam relinquit, te quoque profugere. Summo -enim periculo facies nec rei publicae proderis; cui quidem posterius -poteris prodesse, si manseris." Quem φιλόπατριν ac πολιτικὸν hominis -prudentis et amici tali admonitu non moveret auctoritas? Deinceps III -Idus Febr. iterum mihi respondes consulenti sic: "Quod quaeris a me, -fugamne[97] defendam an moram utiliorem putem, ego vero in praesentia -subitum discessum et praecipitem profectionem cum tibi tum ipsi Gnaeo -inutilem et periculosam puto, et satius esse existimo vos dispertitos -et in speculis esse; sed medius fidius turpe nobis puto esse de -fuga cogitare." Hoc turpe Gnaeus noster biennio ante cogitavit. Ita -sullaturit animus eius et proscripturit iam diu. Inde, ut opinor, cum -tu ad me quaedam γενικώτερον scripsisses, et ego mihi a te significari -putassem, ut Italia cederem, detestaris hoc diligenter XI K. Mart.: -"Ego vero nulla epistula significavi, si Gnaeus Italia cederet, ut tu -una cederes, aut, si significavi, non dico fui inconstans, - -[97] fugamne--putem, as _Otto Müller: M reads_ fugamne fidam (_corr. -from_ fedam) an moram defendam utiliorem putem. _Other suggested -emendations are_ fugamne suadeam an moram defendam utilioremque -putem _(Klotz), and_ fugamne foedam an moram desidem utiliorem putem -(_Manutius_). - - * * * * * - - Page 231 - -wanderings?" This gave me pause, and I see now endless war is attached -to that wretched flight, which you playfully called "wandering." There -follows your prophecy of the 25th of January: "If Pompey stays in Italy -and no arrangement is reached, I fancy there will be a very long war. -If he leaves Italy, I think that for the future there will be war _à -l'outrance_." In this war then _à l'outrance_, this civil war, am I -forced to take part and lot and share? Next on the 7th of February, -when you had heard more of Pompey's plans, you end a letter as follows: -"I would not advise you to flee, if Pompey leaves Italy. You will run -a very great risk, and will not help the country, which you may be -able to help hereafter, if you remain." What patriot and politician -would not be influenced by such advice from a wise man and a friend? -Next on the 11th of February you answer my request for counsel again -as follows: "You ask me whether I hold that flight or delay is more -useful. Well, I think that at the present juncture a sudden departure -and hasty journey would be useless and dangerous both to yourself and -to Pompey, and that it were better for you to be apart, and each on -his own watch tower. But upon my honour I hold it disgraceful of us to -think of flight." This disgrace our Pompey meditated two years ago: so -long has he been eager to play at Sulla and proscriptions. Then, as -I fancy, when you had written to me in more general terms and I had -thought that some of your remarks hinted at my departure from Italy, -you protest emphatically against it on the 19th of February: "In no -letter have I hinted that you should accompany Pompey, if he leaves -Italy, or, if I did hint it, I was worse than inconsistent, I was mad." - - - * * * * * - - Page 232 - -sed demens." In eadem epistula alio loco: "Nihil relinquitur nisi -fuga; cui te socium neutiquam puto esse oportere nec umquam putavi." -Totam autem hanc deliberationem evolvis accuratius in litteris VIII -Kal. Mart. datis: "Si M'. Lepidus et L. Volcacius remanent, manendum -puto, ita ut, si salvus sit Pompeius et constiterit alicubi, hanc -νέκυιαν relinquas et te in certamine vinci cum illo facilius patiaris -quam cum hoc in ea, quae perspicitur futura, colluvie regnare." Multa -disputas huic sententiae convenientia. Inde ad extremum: "Quid, si, -inquis", "Lepidus et Volcacius discedunt? Plane ἀπορῶ. Quod evenerit -igitur, et quod egeris, id στερκτέον putabo." Si tum dubitaras, nunc -certe non dubitas istis manentibus. Deinde in ipsa fuga V Kal. Martias: -"Interea non dubito quin in Formiano mansurus sis. Commodissime enim -τὸ μέλλον ibi καραδοκήσεις." Ad K. Mart., cum ille quintum iam diem -Brundisi esset: "Tum poterimus deliberare non scilicet integra re, sed -certe minus infracta, quam si una proieceris te." Deinde IIII Non. -Martias, ὑπὸ τὴν λῆψιν cum breviter scriberes, tamen ponis hoc: "Cras -scribam plura et ad omnia; hoc tamen dicam, non paenitere me consilii -de tua mansione, et, quamquam magna sollicitudine, tamen, quia minus -mali puto esse quam in illa profectione, maneo in sententia et gaudeo -te mansisse." Cum vero iam angerer et timerem, ne quid a me dedecoris -esset admissum, III Nonas Mart.: "Tamen te non esse una cum Pompeio non -fero moleste. Postea, si opus fuerit, non erit difficile, et - - * * * * * - - Page 233 - -In the same letter there is another passage: "Nothing is left for -Pompey but flight, in which I do not think and never have thought that -you should share." This counsel you unroll in detail in your letter -dated the 22nd of February: "If M'. Lepidus and L. Volcacius stay, I -think you should stay, provided, if Pompey wins safety and makes a -stand anywhere, you should leave these _âmes damnées_, and rather share -defeat with him than share Caesar's sovereignty in the mire that will -be." You argue at length in support of this view, then at the end you -say: "What if Lepidus and Volcacius depart? I am quite at a loss. So I -shall think you must face the event and abide by what you have done." -If you had any doubt then, you certainly have no doubt left now, as -those two persons remain in Italy. Next, when the flight was actually -made on Feb. 25: "Meantime I have no doubt you should stay at Formiae. -It will be most convenient there to await the event." On the 1st of -March, when Pompey had been four days at Brundisium: "Then we shall -be able to debate, not indeed with a free hand but assuredly less -hampered, than if you had shared his plunge." Next on the 4th of March, -though you scribbled a line on the eve of your fever bout, nevertheless -you say this: "I will write more to-morrow, and answer all your -questions. But I maintain this, that I am not sorry for advising you -to stay, and, though very anxious, still, because I fancy it is better -than flight, I stick to my opinion and am glad that you have stayed -in Italy." When I was already tortured with fear that my conduct was -disgraceful on the 5th of March you write: "However I am not sorry that -you are not with Pompey. Hereafter, if need arise, it will be easy, - - * * * * * - - Page 234 - -illi, quoquo tempore fiet, erit ἀσμενιστόν. Sed hoc ita dico, si hic, -qua ratione initium fecit, eadem cetera aget, sincere, temperate, -prudenter, valde videro et consideratius utilitati nostrae consuluero." -VII Idus Martias scribis Peducaeo quoque nostro probari, quod quierim; -cuius auctoritas multum apud me valet. His ego tuis scriptis me -consolor, ut nihil a me adhuc delictum putem. Tu modo auctoritatem tuam -defendito; adversus me nihil opus est, sed consciis egeo aliis. Ego, -si nihil peccavi, reliqua tuebor. Ad ea tute hortare et me omnino tua -cogitatione adiuva. Hic nihildum de reditu Caesaris audiebatur. Ego his -litteris hoc tamen profeci, perlegi omnes tuas et in eo acquievi. - - - - -XI - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano XIII K. Apr. a. 705_] - -Lentulum nostrum scis Puteolis esse? Quod cum e viatore quodam -esset auditum, qui se diceret eum in Appia, cum is paulum lecticam -aperuisset, cognosse, etsi vix veri simile, misi tamen Puteolos pueros, -qui pervestigarent, et ad eum litteras. Inventus est vix in hortis suis -se occultans litterasque mihi remisit mirifice gratias agens Caesari; -de suo autem consilio C. Caesio mandata ad me dedisse. Eum ego hodie -exspectabam, id est XIII K. Apriles. - -Venit etiam ad me Matius Quinquatribus, homo - - * * * * * - - Page 235 - -and to him, whenever it happens, acceptable. When I say this, it is -with the reservation, that, if Caesar continues, as he has begun, -acting with good faith, moderation and prudence, I must thoroughly -review the matter and consider more closely what our interests advise." -On the 9th of March you write that my friend Peducaeus too approves my -inaction: and his authority has much weight with me. From these lines -of yours I console myself with the reflection that so far I have done -nothing wrong: but pray support your position. So far as I am concerned -there is no need: but I want others to be my accomplices. If I have not -done wrong so far, I will take care of the future. Do you maintain your -exhortations and assist me with your reflections. Here nothing as yet -has been heard about Caesar's return. For myself I have won thus much -good by my letter, I have read all yours and found rest in the act. - - - - -XI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 20_, B.C. _49_] - -Do you know that our friend Lentulus is at Puteoli? I heard this from -a passer-by, who declared he recognized him on the Appian road as he -drew aside the curtains of his litter, and, though it seemed hardly -probable, I sent servants to Puteoli to track him and hand him a -letter. He was found with difficulty concealing himself on his estate, -and returned me a letter in which he expressed amazing gratitude to -Caesar. But about his own plans he said he had sent me a message by C. -Caesius. I expect him to-day, the 20th of March. - -Matius also came to me on the 19th of March. - - * * * * * - - Page 236 - -mehercule, ut mihi visus est, temperatus et prudens; existimatus -quidem est semper auctor otii. Quam ille hoc non probare mihi quidem -visus est, quam illam νέκυιαν, ut tu appellas, timere! Huic ego in -multo sermone epistulam ad me Caesaris ostendi, eam cuius exemplum ad -te antea misi, rogavique, ut interpretaretur, quid esset, quod ille -scriberet, "consilio meo se uti velle, gratia, dignitate, ope rerum -omnium." Respondit se non dubitare, quin et opem et gratiam meam ille -ad pacificationem quaereret. Utinam aliquod in hac miseria rei publicae -πολιτικὸν opus efficere et navare mihi liceat! Matius quidem et illum -in ea sententia esse confidebat et se auctorem fore pollicebatur. - -Pridie autem apud me Crassipes fuerat, qui se pridie Non. Martias -Brundisio profectum atque ibi Pompeium reliquisse dicebat, quod etiam, -qui viii Idus illinc profecti erant, nuntiabant; illa vero omnes, -in quibus etiam Crassipes, qui pro sua prudentia potuit attendere, -sermones minaces, inimicos optimatium, municipiorum hostes, meras -proscriptiones, meros Sullas; quae Lucceium loqui, quae totam Graeciam, -quae vero Theophanem! Et tamen omnis spes salutis in illis est, et ego -excubo animo nec partem ullam capio quietis et, ut has pestes effugiam, -cum dissimillimis nostri esse cupio! Quid enim tu illic Scipionem, quid -Faustum, quid Libonem praetermissurum sceleris putas, quorum creditores -convenire dicuntur? quid eos autem, cum vicerint, in cives effecturos? -quam vero μικροψυχίαν Gnaei nostri esse? Nuntiant Aegyptum et Arabiam -εὐδαίμονα et Μεσοποταμίαν - - * * * * * - - Page 237 - -He seemed to me, I do declare, moderate and sensible: certainly he -has always been thought to be in favour of peace. How he disliked -this present pass! How he seemed to fear these _âmes damnées_, as you -call them! In the course of a long talk I showed him Caesar's letter -to me, of which I sent you a copy before, and I asked him to explain -what Caesar meant by writing that he wished "to take advantage of my -advice, my influence, my position and my help of all sorts." Matius -replied that undoubtedly Caesar wanted my help and influence to make -peace. Would that I could succeed in carrying through some political -compromise in this miserable state of affairs! Matius himself declared -that Caesar had that feeling, and promised that he would help such a -course. - -However the day before Crassipes had been with me, and he said that -he had quitted Brundisium on the 6th of March and left Pompey there; -the same tale was brought by those who quitted the place on the 8th. -All of them, and among the rest Crassipes, who was quite capable of -observing what was going on, had the same story, threatening words, -breach with the loyalists, hostility to the municipalities, nothing but -proscriptions, nothing but Sullas. How Lucceius talked, all the Greeks -and Theophanes too! Nevertheless the only hope of safety lies in them, -and I am on the watch and take no rest and long to be with the most -uncongenial associates to escape the plague here. For what crime do -you think that Scipio will stick at, or Faustus and Libo, when their -creditors are said to be selling them up, and what do you suppose they -will do to the citizens when they win? How pusillanimous Pompey is! -They say that he is thinking of Egypt and Arabia Felix and Mesopotamia - - * * * * * - - Page 238 - -cogitare, iam Hispaniam abiecisse. Monstra narrant; quae falsa esse -possunt, sed certe et haec perdita sunt et illa non saltaria. Tuas -litteras iam desidero. Post fugam nostram numquam tam longum earum -intervallum fuit. Misi ad te exemplum litterarum mearum ad Caesarem, -quibus me aliquid profecturum puto. - - - - -XIa - -CICERO IMP. S.D. CAESARI IMP - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano XIV K. Apr._] - -Ut legi tuas litteras, quas a Furnio nostro acceperam, quibus mecum -agebas, ut ad urbem essem, te velle uti "consilio et dignitate mea" -minus sum admiratus; de "gratia" et de "ope" quid significares mecum -ipse quaerebam, spe tamen deducebar ad eam cogitationem, ut te pro tua -admirabili ac singulari sapientia de otio, de pace, de concordia civium -agi velle arbitrarer, et ad eam rationem existimabam satis aptam esse -et naturam et personam meam. Quod si ita est, et si qua de Pompeio -nostro tuendo et tibi ac rei publicae reconciliando cura te attingit, -magis idoneum, quam ego sum, ad eam causam profecto reperies neminem, -qui et illi semper et senatui, cum primum potui, pacis auctor fui, -nec sumptis armis belli ullam partem, attigi, iudicavique eo bello te -violari, contra cuius honorem populi Romani beneficio concessum inimici -atque invidi niterentur. Sed, ut eo tempore non modo ipse fautor -dignitatis tuae fui, verum etiam ceteris auctor ad te adiuvandum, sic -me nunc Pompei - - * * * * * - - Page 239 - -and has given up Spain. The report is monstrous, but may be false. -Certainly all is lost here, and there is not much hope there. I long -for a letter from you. Since my flight there has never been so long a -break in our correspondence. I send you a copy of my letter to Caesar. -I think it will do some good. - - - - -XIa - -CICERO THE IMPERATOR TO CAESAR THE IMPERATOR, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 19_, B.C. _49_] - -On reading your letter, which I got from our friend Furnius, in which -you told me to come near Rome, I was not much surprised at your wishing -to employ "my advice and my position"; but I asked myself what you -meant by my "influence" and "help." However, my hopes led me to think -that a man of your admirable statesmanship would wish to act for the -comfort, peace, and agreement of the citizens, and for that purpose I -considered my own character and inclination very suitable. If that is -the case, and if you are touched by the desire to protect our friend -Pompey and reconcile him to yourself and the State, I am sure you -will find no one more suited for the purpose than I am. I have always -advocated peace both with Pompey and the Senate ever since I have been -able to do so, nor since the outbreak of hostilities have I taken any -part in the war; I have considered that the war was attacking your -rights in that envious and hostile persons were opposing a distinction -conferred on you by the grace of the Roman people. But, as at that time -I not only upheld your rights but urged others to assist you, so now I -am greatly concerned with the rights of Pompey. It is - - * * * * * - - Page 240 - -dignitas vehementer movet. Aliquot enim sunt anni, cum vos duo delegi, -quos praecipue colerem et quibus essem, sicut sum, amicissimus. Quam -ob rem a te peto vel potius omnibus te precibus oro et obtestor, ut in -tuis maximis curis aliquid impertias temporis huic quoque cogitationi, -ut tuo beneficio bonus vir, gratus, pius denique esse in maximi -beneficii memoria possim. Quae si tantum ad me ipsum pertinerent, -sperarem me a te tamen impetraturum, sed, ut arbitror, et ad tuam fidem -et ad rem publicam pertinet, me et pacis et utriusque vestrum amicum, -et ad vestram[98] et ad civium concordiam per te quam accommodatissimum -conservari. Ego, cum antea tibi de Lentulo gratias egissem, cum ei -saluti, qui mihi fuerat, fuisses, tamen lectis eius litteris, quas ad -me gratissimo animo de tua liberalitate beneficioque misit, eandem mi -videor[99] salutem a te accepisse quam ille. In quem si me intellegis -esse gratum, cura, obsecro, ut etiam in Pompeium esse possim. - -[98] amicum, et ad vestram _added by Lehmann_. - -[99] mi videor _Klotz_, _Schmidt_; me _MSS._ - - - - -XII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano XIII K. Apr. a. 705_] - -Legeram tuas litteras XIII K., cum mihi epistula adfertur a Lepta -circumvallatum esse Pompeium, ratibus etiam exitus portus teneri. Non -medius fidius prae lacrimis possum reliqua nec cogitare nec scribere. -Misi ad te exemplum. Miseros nos! cur non omnes fatum illius una -exsecuti sumus? Ecce autem a Matio et Trebatio eadem, quibus Menturnis -obvii Caesaris tabellarii. Torqueor infelix, ut iam illum Mucianum - - * * * * * - - Page 241 - -many years since I chose you two men for my special respect, and to -be my closest friends, as you are. So I ask you, or rather beseech -and entreat you with all urgency, that in spite of all your anxieties -you may devote some time to considering how I may be enabled by your -kindness to be what decency and gratitude, nay good-feeling, require, -in remembering my great debt to Pompey. If this only mattered to -myself, I should yet hope to obtain my request; but to my mind it -touches your honour and the public weal that I, a friend of peace and -of both of you, should be so supported by you that I may be able to -work for peace between you and peace amongst our fellow-citizens. I -thanked you formerly in the matter of Lentulus, for having saved him, -as he had saved me. Yet on reading the letter he has sent me full of -thankfulness for your generous kindness, I feel that his safety is my -debt as much as his. If you understand my gratitude to him, pray give -me the opportunity of showing my gratitude to Pompey too. - - - - -XII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 20_, B.C. _49_] - -I had just read your letter on the 20th, when an epistle was brought to -me from Lepta announcing that Pompey was blockaded and that even escape -from the harbour was cut off by a fleet. Upon my honour tears prevent -me from thinking or writing anything else. I send you a copy of the -letter. Wretches that we are, why did we not all follow his fortunes -together? See now, here are Matius and Trebatius with the same tidings. -Caesar's letter-carriers met them at Menturnae. I am tortured with - - * * * * * - - Page 242 - -exitum exoptem. At quam honesta, at quam expedita tua consilia, quam -evigilata tuis cogitationibus qua itineris, qua navigationis, qua -congressus sermonisque cum Caesare! Omnia cum honesta tum cauta. In -Epirum vero invitatio quam suavis, quam liberalis, quam fraterna! - -De Dionysio sum admiratus, qui apud me honoratior fuit quam apud -Scipionem Panaetius; a quo impurissime haec nostra fortuna despecta -est. Odi hominem et odero; utinam ulcisci possem! Sed illum ulciscentur -mores sui. - -Tu, quaeso, nunc vel maxime, quid agendum nobis sit, cogita. Populi -Romani exercitus Cn. Pompeium circumsedet, fossa et vallo saeptum -tenet, fuga prohibet; nos vivimus, et stat urbs ista, praetores ius -dicunt, aediles ludos parant; viri boni usuras perscribunt, ego ipse -sedeo! Coner illuc ire ut insanus, implorare fidem municipiorum? -Boni non sequentur, leves irridebunt, rerum novarum cupidi, victores -praesertim et armati, vim et manus adferent. Quid censes igitur? -ecquidnam est tui consilii ad finem huius miserrimae vitae? Nunc doleo, -nunc torqueor, cum cuidam aut sapiens videor, quod una non ierim, aut -felix fuisse. Mihi contra. Numquam enim illius victoriae socius esse -volui, calamitatis mallem fuisse. Quid ego nunc tuas litteras, quid -tuam prudentiam aut benevolentiam implorem? Actum est; nulla re iam -possum iuvari, - - * * * * * - - Page 243 - -sorrow, so that now I would choose the end of Mucius.[100] But how -honourable, how simple, how clearly thought out was your advice as to -my land-route and my sea-route and my meeting and talk with Caesar! It -was equally honourable and prudent. Your invitation, too, to Epirus, -how kind and generous and brotherly it is! - -[100] Q. Mucius Scaevola was murdered in 82 B.C. by the order of the -younger Marius. Cf. viii, 3. - -As for Dionysius, I am surprised. I held him in greater honour than -Scipio held Panaetius, yet he has most foully mocked at my bad -fortunes. I hate the fellow and I always shall. I wish I could pay him -out. But his own character will do that. - -I beseech you now give the greatest consideration to my proper course. -An army of the Roman people invests Gnaeus Pompey. It holds him hedged -by trench and mound and keeps him from flight. Yet we live and Rome is -standing, the praetors preside in court, the aediles make preparations -for the games, the conservatives are booking their profits, and I sit -still! Am I to try to cross the sea like a madman, to beg the country -towns to be loyal? The loyalists will not follow me, the irresponsible -will deride me, the revolutionaries, especially now they are armed and -victorious, will lay hands of violence upon me. What do you think then? -Have you any plan to end this life of misery? Now I feel grief, now I -am in agony, when somebody thinks me wise because I did not go with -Pompey, or lucky perhaps. I think the opposite. For never did I wish -to share a victory of his; I should have wished rather to share his -defeat. Why should I entreat a letter from you now, your kindness, your -good sense? It is all over. Nothing can help me - - * * * * * - - Page 244 - -qui, ne quod optem quidem, iam habeo, nisi ut aliqua inimici -misericordia liberemur. - - - - -XIII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano IX K. Apr. a. 705_] - -Οὐκ ἔστ' ἔτυμος λόγος, ut opinor, ille de ratibus. Quid enim esset, -quod Dolabella iis litteris, quas iii Idus Martias a Brundisio dedit, -hanc quasi εὐημερίαν Caesaris scriberet, Pompeium in fuga esse eumque -primo vento navigaturum? Quod valde discrepat ab iis epistulis, quarum -exempla antea ad te misi. Hic quidem mera scelera loquuntur; sed non -erat nec recentior auctor nec huius quidem rei melior Dolabella. - -Tuas XI K. accepi litteras, quibus omnia consilia differs in id tempus, -cum scierimus, quid actum sit. Et certe ita est, nec interim potest -quicquam non modo statui, sed ne cogitari quidem. Quamquam hae me -litterae Dolabellae iubent ad pristinas cogitationes reverti. Fuit enim -pridie Quinquatrus egregia tempestas; qua ego illum usum puto. - -Συναγωγὴ consiliorum tuorum non est a me collecta ad querelam, sed -magis ad consolationem meam. Nec enim me tam haec mala angebant quam -suspicio culpae ac temeritatis meae. Eam nullam puto esse, quoniam -cum consiliis tuis mea facta et consilia consentiunt. Quod mea -praedicatione factum esse scribis magis quam illius merito, ut tantum -ei debere viderer, est ita. Ego illa extuli semper, et eo quidem - - * * * * * - - Page 245 - -more, for I have no desire except that somehow my enemies may take pity -on me and free me from my misery. - - - - -XIII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 24_, B.C. _49_] - -"'Tis no true tale"[101] to my mind that about the fleet. For why -should Dolabella in a letter dated from Brundisium on the 13th of -March call it a kind of windfall for Caesar that Pompey is thinking of -flight and preparing to sail by the first wind? That is very different -from that letter of which I sent you a copy before. Here indeed every -one speaks of sheer disaster; but there is no later nor more reliable -authority on the event than Dolabella. - -[101] The first line of the palinode of Stesichorus in which he -retracted his former views on Helen. - -I have your letter of the 22nd of March, in which you postpone all -advice till we know what has happened. Certainly that is wise; and in -the meantime we cannot think of anything, much less arrange anything. -However, Dolabella's letter compels me to turn to my former thoughts. -For on the 18th of March the weather was excellent and I fancy Pompey -will not have failed to take advantage of it. - -That précis of your advice was not made by me to quarrel with you, but -to console myself, for I suffered less pain from these evil days than -from the idea I had acted wrongly and rashly. But I fancy I have not -done so, since my deeds and policy agree with your advice. You say that -I seem to owe Pompey so much more because I say so than because he -deserves it. You are right. I have always exaggerated - - * * * * * - - Page 246 - -magis, ne quid ille superiorum meminisse me putaret. Quae si maxime -meminissem, tamen illius temporis similitudinem iam sequi deberem. -Nihil me adiuvit, cum posset; sed postea fuit amicus, etiam valde, -nec, quam ob causam, plane scio. Ergo ego quoque illi. Quin etiam -illud par in utroque nostrum, quod ab eisdem illecti sumus. Sed utinam -tantum ego ei prodesse potuissem, quantum mihi ille potuit! Mihi tamen, -quod fecit, gratissimum. Nec ego nunc, eum iuvare qua re possim, -scio nec, si possem, cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet, adiuvandum -putarem. Tantum offendere animum eius hic manens nolo, nec mehercule -ista videre, quae tu potes iam animo providere, nec interesse istis -malis possem. Sed eo tardior ad discedendum fui, quod difficile est de -discessu voluntario sine ulla spe reditus cogitare. Nam ego hunc ita -paratum video peditatu, equitatu, classibus, auxiliis Gallorum, quos -Matius ἐλάπιζεν, ut puto, sed certe dicebat....[102] peditum, equitum -se polliceri sumptu suo annos decem. Sed sit hoc λάπισμα; magnas habet -certe copias et habebit non Italiae vectigal, sed civium bona. Adde -confidentiam hominis, adde imbecillitatem bonorum virorum, qui quidem, -quod illum sibi merito iratum putant, oderunt, ut tu scribis, ludum. Ac -vellem scripsisses, quisnam hoc significasset. Sed et iste, qui[103] -plus ostenderat, quam fecit, et vulgo illum, qui amarunt, non amant; - -[102] CCIↃↃ peditum, equitum sex _Bosius_. - -[103] _The reading is very uncertain. The MSS. have_ cc _for_ ac, -scribis _for_ scripsisses, hic _for_ hoc _and_ qui _for_ quia. - - * * * * * - - Page 247 - -his services for fear he might think I remembered the past. However -much I remembered it, I should feel bound to take the course he took -as an example for my behaviour now. He failed to help me when he -might; but afterwards he was my friend, my very good friend. I don't -quite know why; so I too will be his friend. There is this further -likeness between the two cases; both of us were inveigled by the same -persons. But would that I were able to help him as much as he was -able to help me! However, I am truly grateful for what he did. I do -not know in what way I may be able to help him now; nor, were I able, -should I think it proper to help him in his preparations for such a -disastrous war. Only I do not wish to hurt his feelings by staying -here. I declare I could not behold the days that you can foresee, nor -take part in such iniquity. But my departure was delayed, because -it is hard to think of voluntary departure when there is no hope of -return. For Caesar I see is so equipped with infantry, cavalry, fleet, -auxiliaries from Gaul--Matius may have exaggerated, but certainly -he said that ... infantry and cavalry have promised their services -for ten years at their own expense. However, granted that this was -_gasconnade_, great forces Caesar assuredly has, and he will have not -the inland revenue of Italy, but the property of her citizens. Add to -this the self-confidence of the man, the weakness of the loyalists, -who, thinking Pompey deservedly angry with them, as you say, detest the -game. I wish you had cited your authority. Domitius, who promised more -than he performed,[104] and Pompey's old lovers in general do - -[104] Or as Boot, reading _sedet_, "Domitius, who etc., is doing -nothing." - - * * * * * - - Page 248 - -municipia vero et rustici Romani illum metuunt, hunc adhuc diligunt. -Quare ita paratus est, ut, etiamsi vincere non possit, quo modo tamen -vinci ipse possit, non videam. Ego autem non tam γοητείαν huius timeo -quam πειθανάγκην. "Αἱ γὰρ τῶν τυρᾶννων δεήσεις," inquit Πλάτων, "οἶσθ' -ὅτι μεμιγμέναι ἀνίγκαις." - -Illa ἀλίμενα video tibi non probari. Quae ne mihi quidem placebant; sed -habebam in illis et occultationem et ὑπηρεσίαν fidelem. Quae si mihi -Brundisi suppeterent, mallem; sed ibi occultatio nulla est. Verum, ut -scribis, cum sciemus. - -Viris bonis me non nimis excuso. Quas enim eos cenas et facere et obire -scripsit ad me Sextus, quam lautas, quam tempestivas! Sed sint quamvis -boni, non sunt meliores quam nos. Moverent me, si essent fortiores. - -De Lanuvino Phameae erravi; Troianum somniaveram. Id ego volui Q, sed -pluris est. Istuc tamen mihi cuperem emeres, si ullam spem fruendi -viderem. - -Nos quae monstra cotidie legamus, intelleges ex illo libello, qui in -epistulam coniectus est. Lentulus noster Puteolis est ἀδημονῶν is, ut -Caesius narrat, quid agat. Διατροπὴν Corfiniensem reformidat. Pompeio -nunc putat satis factum, beneficio Caesaris movetur, sed tamen movetur -magis prospecta re. - -Tene haec posse ferre? Omnia misera, sed hoc - - * * * * * - - Page 249 - -not love him. The towns and rural population are afraid of Pompey and -so far worship Caesar. Caesar is so equipped that, even if he fail -to beat, I do not see in what way he can be beaten. I do not fear -his _finesse_ so much as his _force majeure_, for as Plato says, "a -tyrant's requests partake of the nature of mandates."[105] - -[105] Plato, _Ep._ 7. - -Places without harbours, I see, do not meet with your approval. Nor do -I like them, but the place has afforded me hiding and a trusty set of -attendants. If I could have had the same at Brundisium, I should have -preferred it. But there is no hiding place there. But, as you say, when -we know! - -I am not going to excuse myself much to the loyalists. What dinners -according to Sextus they are giving and receiving, how lavish and how -early! They may be loyal, but they are not more loyal than I. They -would influence me more if they had shown more courage. - -I was wrong about Phamea's estate at Lanuvium. I was dreaming about -the Trojan estate.[106] I wanted it for £4,500,[107] but the price is -higher. However, I should have liked you to buy that estate for me, if -I saw any hope of enjoying it. - -[106] Apparently near Antium, cf. ix, 9. - -[107] 500,000 sesterces. - -What portentous news I read daily you may understand from the pamphlet -enclosed in this packet. Lentulus is at Puteoli, and, Caesius says, in -a quandary what to do. He dreads a fiasco like that at Corfinium. He -thinks he has done his duty by Pompey. He is influenced by Caesar's -kindness; but he is influenced more by future prospects. - -To think that you can bear this! Everything is - - * * * * * - - Page 250 - -nihil miserius. Pompeius N. Magium de pace misit et tamen oppugnatur. -Quod ego non credebam, sed habeo a Balbo litteras, quarum ad te -exemplum misi. Lege, quaeso, et illud infimum caput ipsius Balbi -optimi, cui Gnaeus noster locum, ubi hortos aedificaret, dedit, quem -cui nostrum non saepe praetulit? Itaque miser torquetur. Sed, ne bis -eadem legas, ad ipsam te epistulam reicio. Spem autem pacis habeo -nullam. Dolabella suis litteris III Idus Mart. datis merum bellum -loquitur. Maneamus ergo in illa eadem sententia misera et desperata, -quando hoc miserius esse nihil potest. - - - - -XIIIa - -BALBUS CICERONI IMP. SAL. DIC. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Romae circ. X K. Apr. 705._] - -Caesar nobis litteras perbreves misit; quarum exemplum subscripsi. -Brevitate epistulae scire poteris eum valde esse distentum, qui tanta -de re tam breviter scripserit. Si quid praeterea novi fuerit, statim -tibi scribam. - -"CAESAR OPPIO, CORNELIO SAL. - -A. d. VII Idus Martias Brundisium veni, ad murum castra posui. Pompeius -est Brundisi. Misit ad me N. Magium de pace. Quae visa sunt, respondi. -Hoc vos statim scire volui. Cum in spem venero de compositione aliquid -me conficere, statim vos certiores faciam." - -Quo modo me nunc putas, mi Cicero, torqueri, postquam rursus in spem -pacis veni, ne qua res eorum compositionem impediat? Namque, quod -absens - - * * * * * - - Page 251 - -wretched, but nothing more wretched than this. Pompey sent N. Magius to -speak of peace, and yet he is under siege. I did not believe it; but I -have a letter from Balbus of which I send you a copy. Read it, please, -and that clause at the end which contains the remarks of the good -Balbus himself, to whom Pompey gave a site for his estate and whom he -had often preferred to all of us. So he is in an agony of grief. But, -that you may not have to read the same, twice over, I refer you to the -letter. Of peace I have no hope. Dolabella in his letter of the 13th -of March speaks of war pure and simple. So let us stick to the same -opinion, that there is no hope, for nothing can be worse than all this. - - - - -XIIIa - -BALBUS TO CICERO THE IMPERATOR, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Rome, about March 23_, B.C. _49_] - -Caesar has sent me a very short letter of which I subjoin a copy. From -the shortness of the letter you can infer that he is greatly occupied, -to write so briefly about a matter of such importance. If there is any -further news, I will write you immediately. - -"CAESAR TO OPPIUS, CORNELIUS, GREETING. - -"On the 9th of March I came to Brundisium, and under its walls pitched -my camp. Pompey is at Brundisium. He sent N. Magius to me to talk of -peace. I replied as I thought fit. I wanted you to know this at once. -When I have hopes of settled terms, I will inform you immediately." - -My dear Cicero, you can imagine my torture, after I again had hopes -of peace, for fear anything should prevent an arrangement. I long for -peace. It is all I can do in my absence from the scene of action. - - * * * * * - - Page 252 - -facere possum, opto. Quodsi una essem, aliquid fortasse proficere -possem videri. Nunc exspectatione crucior. - - - - -XIV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano VIII K. Apr. a. 705_] - -Miseram ad te VIIII K. exemplum epistulae Balbi ad me et Caesaris ad -eum. Ecce tibi eodem die Capua litteras accepi ab Q. Pedio Caesarem ad -se pridie Idus Martias misisse hoc exemplo: - -"Pompeius se oppido tenet. Nos ad portas castra habemus. Conamur opus -magnum et multorum dierum propter altitudinem maris. Sed tamen nihil -est, quod potius faciamus. Ab utroque portus cornu moles iacimus, ut -aut illum quam primum traicere, quod habet Brundisi copiarum, cogamus, -aut exitu prohibeamus." - -Ubi est illa pax, de qua Balbus scripserat torqueri se? Ecquid, -acerbius ecquid crudelius? Atque eum loqui quidam αὐθεντικῶς narrabat -Cn. Carbonis, M. Bruti se poenas persequi, omniumque eorum, in quos -Sulla crudelis hoc socio fuisset; nihil Curionem se duce facere, quod -non hic Sulla duce fecisset; se ambire reditionem,[108] quibus exsilii -poena superioribus legibus non fuisset, ab illo patriae proditores de - -[108] se ambire reditionem _Tyrrell and Purser_: ad ambitionem _MSS._ - - * * * * * - - Page 253 - -If I were there, perhaps I might succeed in seeming to be of use. Now I -am tormented with waiting. - - - - -XIV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae March 25_, B.C. _49_] - -I sent you on the 26th of March a copy of Balbus' letter to me and of -Caesar's letter to him. Then that very day from Capua I got a letter -from Q. Pedius saying that Caesar had written to him on the 14th in the -following terms: - -"Pompey confines himself to the town. My camp is at the gates. I am -attempting a big job which will take many days on account of the depth -of the sea: yet I have no better course. From both wings of the harbour -I am building a mole, so that I may either compel him to transship the -forces he has here as soon as possible, or prevent him from getting out -at all." - -Where is the peace about which Balbus wrote that he was tormenting -himself? Could anything be more bitter, more cruel? Moreover some one -told me with authority that Caesar said in conversation he was the -avenger of Cn. Carbo, M. Brutus,[109] and all those on whom Sulla with -Pompey to help him wreaked his cruelty: Curio under his leadership was -doing nothing but what Pompey had done under Sulla's leadership: what -he wanted was the restoration of those not punished with exile under -the earlier laws, while Pompey had restored those who had - -[109] Carbo was put to death by Pompey in 82 or 81 B.C.; he was consul -for the third time with C. Marius the younger. Brutus, the father of -Caesar's murderer, was killed by Pompey in 77 or 76 B.C., and another -M. Brutus committed suicide sooner than fall into his hands. - - * * * * * - - Page 254 - -exsilio reductos esse; queri de Milone per vim expulso; neminem tamen -se violaturam, nisi qui arma contra. Haec Baebius quidam a Curione III -Id. profectus, homo non infans, sed qui de suo illa[110] non dicat. -Plane nescio, quid agam. Illim equidem Gnaeum profectum puto. Quicquid -est, biduo sciemus. A te nihil ne Anteros quidem litterarum; nec mirum. -Quid enim est, quod scribamus? Ego tamen nullum diem praetermitto. - -[110] qui de suo illa _Tyrrell_: quis ulli _MSS._ - -Scripta epistula litterae mihi ante lucem a Lepta Capua redditae sunt -Idib. Mart. Pompeium a Brundisio conscendisse, at Caesarem a. d, VII -Kal. Apriles Capuae fore. - - - - -XV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano VIII K. Apr a. 705_] - -Cum dedissem ad te litteras, ut scires Caesarem Capuae VII Kal. fore, -allatae mihi Capua sunt et hic copiam mihi et[111] in Albano apud -Curionem V K. fore. Eum cum videro, Arpinum pergam. Si mihi veniam, -quam peto, dederit, utar illius condicione; si minus, impetrabo aliquid -a me ipso. Ille, ut ad me scripsit, legiones singulas posuit Brundisi, -Tarenti, Siponti. Claudere mihi videtur maritimos exitus et tamen ipse -Graeciam spectare potius quam Hispanias. Sed haec longius absunt. Me -nunc et congressus huius stimulat (is vero adest), et primas eius -actiones - -[111] et hic copiam mihi et _Madvig_; et hoc mihi et _MSS._ - - * * * * * - - Page 255 - -been traitors: he resents Pompey's violent banishment of Milo, but -would only harm those who bear arms against him. This tale was told me -by one Baebius, who came from Curio on the 13th, a man who is no fool, -but not smart enough to invent such a tale. I am quite at a loss what -to do. From Brundisium, I fancy Pompey must have set out. Whatever has -happened, we shall know in a few days. I haven't a letter from you not -even by Anteros, and no wonder. What is there to write about? Still I -do not omit one day. - -When this was written a letter came to me before daylight from Lepta -dated Capua the 15th of March. Pompey has embarked from Brundisium. -Caesar is due at Capua on the 26th. - - - - -XV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 25_, B.C. _49_] - -After I had sent you a letter informing you that Caesar would be at -Capua on the 26th, a letter reached me from Capua saying that Caesar -would see me either here or in Curio's place at Alba on the 28th. -When I have seen him, I shall go to Arpinum. If he should grant me -the privilege I ask, I shall put up with his terms. If not, then I -shall consult myself as to what to do. As Caesar wrote to me, he has -stationed one legion each at Brundisium, Tarentum and Sipontum. He -seems to me to be cutting off retreat by sea and yet himself to have -Greece in view rather than Spain. But these are remote considerations. -Now I am stirred by the thought of meeting him; for the meeting is -close at hand, and I am alarmed at the first steps he - - * * * * * - - Page 256 - -horreo. Volet enim, credo, S. C. facere, volet augurum decretum -(rapiemur aut absentes vexabimur), vel ut consules roget praetor vel -ut dictatorem dicat; quorum neutrum ius est. Etsi, si Sulla potuit -efficere, ab interrege ut dictator diceretur[112] cur hic non possit? -Nihil expedio, nisi ut aut ab hoc tamquam Q. Mucius aut ab illo tamquam -L. Scipio. - -[112] _After_ diceretur _most MSS. add_ et magister equitum. - -Cum tu haec leges, ego illum fortasse convenero. Τέτλαθι. Κύντερον -ne illud quidem nostrum proprium. Erat enim spes propinqui reditus, -erat hominum querela. Nunc exire cupimus, qua spe reditus, mihi quidem -numquam in mentem venit. Non modo autem nulla querela est municipalium -hominum ac rusticorum, sed contra metuunt ut crudelem, iratum. Nec -tamen mihi quicquam est miserius quam remansisse nec optatius quam -evolare non tam ad belli quam ad fugae societatem. Sed tu, omnia qui -consilia differebas in id tempus, cum sciremus, quae Brundisi acta -essent. Scimus nempe; haeremus nihilo minus. Vix enim spero mihi hunc -veniam daturum, etsi multa adfero iusta ad impetrandum. Sed tibi omnem -illius meumque sermonem omnibus verbis expressum statim mittam. Tu nunc -omni amore enitere, ut nos cura tua et prudentia iuves. Ita subito -accurrit, ut ne T. Rebilum quidem, - - * * * * * - - Page 257 - -will take, for he will want, I am sure, a decree of the Senate and a -decree of the augurs (we shall be hurried off to Rome or harassed, if -we are absent), so that the praetor may hold an election of consuls or -name a dictator, both acts unconstitutional. Though, if Sulla could -arrange to be named dictator by an interrex, why should not Caesar? I -can see no solution of the problem except by meeting the fate of Mucius -at the hand of Caesar, or that of Scipio[113] at the hands of Pompey. - -[113] L. Scipio was proscribed by Sulla. For Mucius cf. VIII, 3. - -[Sidenote: Odyssey iii. 27] - -When you read this, perhaps I shall have met the man. "Endure." My -own exile was no "unkinder cut";[114] for I had prospects of speedy -return and was consoled by the popular outcry. Now I long to go away -and it never strikes me that there is any chance of return. Not only -is there no outcry of any in town or country, but on the contrary all -are afraid of Pompey as cruel in his anger. Nothing causes me more -wretchedness than my having remained, and there is nothing that I want -more than to flee to him to share not his fighting but his flight. But -now what becomes of your counsel to put off decision till we knew how -things went at Brundisium? We do know, but are as badly stuck as ever. -I can scarcely hope that Caesar will give me privilege, though many -are the good reasons I can bring for granting it. But I will send you -immediately a report of our conversation word for word. Use all your -affection to help me with your careful advise. He is coming so fast -that I cannot see even T. Rebilus, as I had arranged. I - -[114] Odyssey XX, 18, τέτλαθι δὴ, κραδίη, κὰι κύντερον ἄλλο ποτ' ἔτλης, -"endure, my heart, worse hast thou borne before." - - * * * * * - - Page 258 - -ut constitueram, possim videre; omnia nobis imparatis agenda. Sed tamen -ἄλλα μὲν αὐτός, ut ait ille, ἄλλα δὲ καὶ δαίμων ὑποθήσεται. Quicquid -egero, continuo scies. Mandata Caesaris ad consules et ad Pompeium, -quae rogas, nulla habeo descripta; quae attulit, illa e via[115] misi -ad te ante; e quibus mandata puto intellegi posse, Philippus Neapoli -est, Lentulus Puteolis. De Domitio, ut facis, sciscitare, ubi sit, quid -cogitet. - -[115] habeo descripta; quae attulit illa e via _Wesenberg_: habeo et -descripta attulit illa e via _MSS._ - -Quod scribis asperius me, quam mei patiantur mores, de Dionysio -scripsisse, vide, quam sim antiquorum hominum. Te medius fidius hanc -rem gravius putavi laturum esse quam me. Nam, praeterquam quod te -moveri arbitror oportere iniuria, quae mihi a quoquam facta sit, -praeterea te ipsum quodam modo hic violavit, cum in me tam improbus -fuit. Sed, tu id quanti aestimes, tuum iudicium est; nec tamen in hoc -tibi quicquam oneris impono. Ego autem illum male sanum semper putavi, -nunc etiam impurum et sceleratum puto nec tamen mihi inimiciorem quam -sibi. Philargyro bene curasti. Causam certe habuisti et veram et bonam, -relictum esse me potius quam reliquisse. - -Cum dedissem iam litteras a. d. VIII Kal., pueri, quos cum Matio et -Trebatio miseram, epistulam mihi attulerunt hoc exemplo: - -"MATIUS ET TREBATIUS CICERONI IMP. SAL. - -Cum Capua exissemus, in itinere audivimus Pompeium Brundisio a. d. XVI -K. Apriles cum omnibus - - * * * * * - - Page 259 - -have to do everything impromptu. But nevertheless as the poet has it, -"Some things I'll venture and some things God will prompt." Whatever -I do you shall know forthwith. The demands Caesar sent to Pompey and -the consuls, for which you ask, are not with me. The copies that were -brought I sent on to you at once.[116] From them I think you can gather -what those demands were. Philippus is at Naples. Lentulus at Puteoli. -As to Domitius, go on inquiring where he is and what he intends to do. - -[116] This doubtful passage probably refers to the document mentioned -in vii, 17. - -You write that my remarks about Dionysius are more bitter than suits my -character. See how old-fashioned I am. Upon my honour I thought that -you would be more angered than I: for, apart from the fact that I think -you should be stirred by any injury done by anyone to me, this man in a -way outraged you in treating me so badly. But it is for you to decide -what weight you should give to the matter. I will not put anything upon -you. I always thought the fellow was not quite sane: now I think he is -an abandoned blackguard. But he is as much his own enemy as mine. You -did well with Philargyrus. You certainly had a good and true case in -contending that I had not abandoned but rather had been abandoned. - -When I had dispatched my letter on the 25th, the servants I had sent to -Matius and Trebatius brought me a letter in the following terms: - -"MATIUS AND TREBATIUS TO CICERO IMPERATOR, - GREETING. - -"After leaving Capua we heard on the way that Pompey with all the -forces he had set out from - - * * * * * - - Page 260 - -copiis, quas habuit, profectum esse; Caesarem postero die in oppidum -introisse, contionatum esse, inde Romam contendisse, velle ante K. -esse ad urbem et pauculos dies ibi commorari, deinde in Hispanias -proficisci. Nobis non alienum visum est, quoniam de adventu Caesaris -pro certo habebamus, pueros tuos ad te remittere, ut id tu quam primum -scires. Mandata tua nobis curae sunt, eaque, ut tempus postularit, -agemus. Trebatius sedulo facit, ut antecedat. - -Epistula conscripta nuntiatum est nobis Caesarem a. d. VIII K. April. -Beneventi mansurum, a. d. VII Capuae, a. d. VI Sinuessae. Hoc pro certo -putamus." - - - - -XVI - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano VII K. Apr. a. 705_] - -Cum, quod scriberem ad te, nihil haberem, tamen, ne quem diem -intermitterem, has dedi litteras. A. d. VI K. Caesarem Sinuessae -mansurum nuntiabant. Ab eo mihi litterae redditae sunt a. d. VII K., -quibus iam "opes" meas, non ut superioribus litteris "opem" exspectat. -Cum eius clementiam Corfiniensem illam per litteras collaudavissem, -rescripsit hoc exemplo: - -"CAESAR IMP. CICERONI IMP. SAL. DIC. - -Recte auguraris de me (bene enim tibi cognitus sum) nihil a me abesse -longius crudelitate. Atque ego cum ex ipsa re magnam capio voluptatem -tum meum factum probari abs te triumpho gaudio. Neque illud me movet, -quod ii, qui a me dimissi sunt, - - * * * * * - - Page 261 - -Brundisium on the 17th of March: that Caesar on the next day entered -the town, made a speech and went off at full speed to Rome, meaning to -be at the city before the 1st of April, to remain there a few days and -then to set out for Spain. It seemed proper since we had sure news of -Caesar's approach to send your servants back to you to give information -as early as possible. Your charges have our attention, and we will act -as circumstances demand. Trebatius is trying hard to reach you before -Caesar. - -"When this letter had been written, news came to us that Caesar would -stop on the 25th at Beneventum, at Capua on the 26th, on the 27th at -Sinuessa. This we consider certain." - - - - -XVI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 26_, B.C. _49_] - -Though I have nothing to write to you, still, not to miss a day, I send -this letter. On the 27th of March Caesar will stop at Sinuessa, they -say. He sent me a letter dated the 26th, in which he looks forward to -my "resources," not as in the former letter to "my help." I had written -praising to the skies his kindness, his clemency at Corfinium. He -replied as follows: - -"CAESAR IMPERATOR TO CICERO IMPERATOR, GREETING. - -"You are right to infer of me (for I am well known to you) that there -is nothing further from my nature than cruelty. Whilst I take great -pleasure from that fact, I am proud indeed that my action wins your -approval. I am not moved because it is said that those, - - * * * * * - - Page 262 - -discessisse dicuntur, ut mihi rursus bellum inferrent. Nihil enim -malo quam et me mei similem esse et illos sui. Tu velim mihi ad urbem -praesto sis, ut tuis consiliis atque opibus, ut consuevi, in omnibus -rebus utar. Dolabella tuo nihil scito mihi esse iucundius. Hanc adeo -habebo gratiam illi; neque enim aliter facere poterit. Tanta eius -humanitas, is sensus, ea in me est benevolentia." - - - - -XVII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Formiano VI K. Apr. a. 705_] - -Trebatium VI Kal., quo die has litteras dedi, exspectabam. Ex eius -nuntio Matique litteris meditabor, quo modo cum illo loquar. O tempus -miserum! Nec dubito, quin a me contendat, ad urbem veniam. Senatum enim -Kalendis velle se frequentem adesse etiam Formiis proscribi iussit. -Ergo ei negandum est? Sed quid praeripio? Statim ad te perscribam -omnia. Ex illius sermone statuam, Arpinumne mihi eundum sit an quo -alio. Volo Ciceroni meo togam puram dare, istic puto. Tu, quaeso, -cogita, quid deinde. Nam me hebetem molestiae reddiderunt. A Curio -velim scire ecquid ad te scriptum sit de Tirone. Ad me enim ipse Tiro -ita scripsit, ut verear, quid agat. Qui autem veniunt inde, κινδυνώδη -nuntiant. Sane in magnis curis etiam haec me sollicitant. In hac enim -fortuna perutilis eius et opera et fidelitas esset. - - * * * * * - - Page 263 - -whom I let go, have departed to wage war on me again, for there is -nothing I like better than that I should be true to myself and they -to themselves. I could wish you to meet me at Rome that I may avail -myself of your advice and resources, as usual, in everything. You must -know that nothing pleases me more than the presence of your relative -Dolabella. This favour also I shall owe to him; for he will not be able -to do otherwise than arrange it, such is his kindness, his feeling and -goodwill towards me." - - - - -XVII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Formiae, March 27_, B.C. _49_] - -I am awaiting Trebatius on March the 27th, the date of this letter. -From his tidings and Matius' letter I shall consider how to talk to -Caesar. What a wretched age this is! I have no doubt Caesar will urge -me to come to Rome. For he gave orders that notices should be posted -even at Formiae that he wanted a full house on the 1st. Must I refuse? -But why do I anticipate? I will write you all about it at once. From -Caesar's conversation I shall decide whether I ought to go to Arpinum -or elsewhere. I wish to celebrate my son's coming of age. Arpinum, I -think, will be the place. Please consider what I should do next, for -my troubles have made me stupid. From Curius I want to hear whether -you have had news about Tiro. For to me Tiro has written in such a way -that I am anxious to know how he is. Those two who come from his part -say that his condition is critical. In the midst of many great troubles -this also distresses me; for in our present straits his energy and -loyalty would be very serviceable. - - * * * * * - - Page 264 - - - - -XVIII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Arpini V K. Apra. 705_] - -Utrumque ex tuo consilio; nam et oratio fuit ea nostra, ut bene potius -ille de nobis existimaret quam gratias ageret, et in eo mansimus, -ne ad urbem. Illa fefellerunt, facilem quod putaramus. Nihil vidi -minus. Damnari se nostro iudicio, tardiores fore reliquos, si nos non -veniremus, dicere. Ego dissimilem illorum esse causam. Cum multa, -"Veni igitur et age de pace." "Meone," inquam, "arbitratu?" "An tibi," -inquit, "ego praescribam?" "Sic," inquam, "agam, senatui non placere -in Hispanias iri nec exercitus in Graeciam transportari, multaque," -inquam, "de Gnaeo deplorabo." Tum ille: "Ego vero ista dici nolo." "Ita -putabam," inquam; "sed ego eo nolo adesse, quod aut sic mihi dicendum -est, multaque, quae nullo modo possem silere, si adessem, aut non -veniendum." Summa fuit, ut ille quasi exitum quaerens, ut deliberarem. -Non fuit negandum. Ita discessimus. Credo igitur hunc me non amare. At -ego me amavi, quod mihi iam pridem usu non venit. - -Reliqua, o di! qui comitatus, quae, ut tu soles dicere, νέκυια! in -qua erat ἥρως Celer. O rem perditam! o copias desperatas! Quid, quod -Servi filius, quod Titini in iis castris fuerunt, quibus Pompeius -circumsederetur! Sex legiones; multum vigilat, - - * * * * * - - Page 265 - - - - -XVIII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Arpinum, March 28_, B.C. _49_] - -In both respects I followed your advice. I spoke so as to gain Caesar's -respect rather than his gratitude; and I persisted in my resolve not to -go to Rome. We were mistaken in thinking he would be easy to manage. I -have never seen anyone less easy. He kept on saying that my decision -was a slur on him, and that others would be less likely to come, if I -did not come. I pointed out that my case was very unlike theirs. After -much talk he said, "Well, come and discuss peace." "On my own terms?" -I asked. "Need I dictate to you?" said he. "Well," said I, "I shall -contend that the Senate cannot sanction your invasion of Spain or your -going with an army into Greece, and," I added, "I shall lament Pompey's -fate." He replied, "That is not what I want." "So I fancied," said I: -"but I do not want to be in Rome, because either I must say that and -much else, on which I cannot keep silent, if I am present, or else I -cannot come." The upshot was that I was to think over the matter, as -Caesar suggested, with a view to closing our interview. I could not -refuse. So we parted. I am confident then he has no liking for me. But -I like myself, as I have not for a long time. - -For the rest, ye gods what a following! What _âmes damnées_ in your -phrase! Celer is an hero to the rest. What an abandoned cause, and what -desperate gangs! What can one think of a son of Servius and a son of -Titinius being in an army which beset Pompey? Six legions! He is very -wide-awake and - - * * * * * - - Page 266 - -audet. Nullum video finem mali. Nunc certe promenda tibi sunt consilia. -Hoc fuerat extremum. - -Illa tamen κατακλεὶς illius est odiosa, quam paene praeterii, si sibi -consiliis nostris uti non liceret, usurum, quorum posset, ad omniaqae -esse descensurum. "Vidisti igitur virum, ut scripseras? ingemuisti?" -Certe. "Cedo reliqua." Quid? Continuo ipse in Pedanum, ego Arpinum. -Inde exspecto equidem λαλαγεῦσαν[117] illam tuam. "Tu malim," inquies, -"actum ne agas." Etiam illum ipsum, quem sequimur, multa fefellerunt. - -[117] λαλαγεῦσαν _Bosius_: ΑΛΑΤΕΛΓΑΝ _M._ - -Sed ego tuas litteras exspecto. Nihil est enim iam ut antea "Videamus, -hoc quorsum evadat." Extremum fuit de congressu nostro; quo quidem -non dubito quin istum offfenderim. Eo maturius agendum est. Amabo te, -epistulam et πολιτικήν! Valde tuas litteras nunc exspecto. - - - - -XIX - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Arpini prid. K. Apr. a. 705_] - -Ego meo Ciceroni, quoniam Roma earemus, Arpini potissimum togam puram -dedi, idque municipibus nostris fuit gratum. Etsi omnes et illos, et -qua iter feci, maestos adflictosque vidi. Tam tristis et - - * * * * * - - Page 267 - -bold. I see no end to our evil days. Now assuredly you must produce -your advice. This was the limit we contemplated. - -Caesar's _finale_, which I had almost forgotten, was hateful:--"If I -may not use your advice, I shall use the advice I can and go to any -length." You will say: "You have seen him to be as you have described -him: and did you heave a sigh?" Indeed I did. You ask for the rest of -our talk. What more is there to tell? He went straight to Pedum, I to -Arpinum. From thence I await the "twittering swallow"[118] you talk of. -You will say you prefer me not to dwell on past mistakes. Even Pompey, -our leader, has made many. - -[118] A reference to _Anthology_ x, i, ὁ πλόος ὡραῖος καὶ γὰρ λαλαγεῦσα -χελιδὼν Ἤδη μέμβλωκεν χὠ χαριεὶς Ζέφυρος. - -"Fair is the season for sailing: already the twittering swallow -Flitteth around, and soft bloweth the wind from the west." Cf. _Att._ -ix, 7. - -But I await a letter from you. There is no room now, as before, for -your "await the event." The limit we fixed was that interview; and I -have no doubt I annoyed Caesar; so I must act the more quickly. Please -send me a letter and deal with _la haute politique_. I await a letter -from you now very anxiously. - - - - -XIX - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Arpinum, March 31_, B.C. _49_] - -Since Rome was out of bounds, I celebrated my son's coming of age at -Arpinum in preference to any other place, and so doing delighted my -fellow-townsmen. Though they were pleased, yet I must tell you they and -all others I have met are sad and sorry. - - * * * * * - - Page 268 - -tam atrox est ἀναθεώρησις huius ingentis mali. Dilectus habentur, in -hiberna deducuntur. Ea, quae, etiam cum a bonis viris, cum iusto in -bello, cum modeste fiunt, tamen ipsa per se molesta sunt, quam censes -acerba nunc esse, cum a perditis in civili nefario bello petulantissime -fiant! Cave autem putes quemquam hominem in Italia turpem esse, qui -hinc absit. Vidi ipse Formiis universos neque mehercule umquam homines -putavi, et noram omnes, sed numquam uno loco videram. - -Pergamus igitur, quo placet, et nostra omnia relinquamus, proficiscamur -ad eum, cui gratior noster adventus erit, quam si una fuissemus. Tum -enim eramus in maxima spe, nunc ego quidem in nulla; nec praeter me -quisquam Italia cessit, nisi qui hunc inimicum sibi putaret. Nec -mehercule hoc facio rei publicae causa, quam funditus deletam puto, sed -ne quis me putet ingratum in eum, qui me levavit iis incommodis, quibus -idem adfecerat, et simul quod ea, quae fiunt, aut quae certe futura -sunt, videre non possum. Etiam equidem senatus consulta facta quaedam -iam puto, utinam in Volcaci sententiam! Sed quid refert? est enim una -sententia omnium. Sed erit immitissimus Servius, qui filium misit ad -effligendum Cn. Pompeium aut certe capiendum cum Pontio Titiniano. Etsi -hic quidem timoris causa, ille vero? - - * * * * * - - Page 269 - -So dark and direful is the _coup d'oeil_ of this vast calamity. Levies -are being made; troops are being drafted into winter quarters. These -measures are hardships in themselves even when taken by loyalists, when -the war is just, when there is some consideration. You can imagine how -bitter they are when taken quite tyrannically by desperadoes in wicked -civil war. But you must remember that every scoundrel in Italy is of -the party. I saw them all together at Formiae. I could hardly believe -them to be human. I knew every one of them, but I had never seen the -whole collection together. - -Let us go then whither we please, and leave our all behind. Let us set -out to Pompey, who will be more gratified at our arrival than if we -had been with him all along. For then we had great hopes; but now I -at least have none: nor has anyone except myself departed from Italy, -unless he imagines Caesar to be his enemy. Heaven be my witness I do -not take this step for the sake of the Republic, which to my mind is -utterly destroyed, but for fear I may be charged with ingratitude -to one who relieved me from the inconveniences which he himself had -inflicted: and, at the same time, because I cannot endure the sight -of the horrors that are happening and are bound to happen. Moreover -I fancy that now decrees of the Senate have been passed, and my only -hope is that they will agree with Volcacius' proposal. But what does -it matter? There is only one proposal for everybody. But the most -implacable enemy will be Servius, who has sent his son with Pontius -Titinianus to destroy or at least to capture Gnaeus Pompey. Though -Titinianus has the excuse of fear, what excuse has Servius? But let us -cease - - * * * * * - - Page 270 - -Sed stomachari desinamus et aliquando sentiamus nihil nobis nisi, id -quod minime vellem, spiritum reliquum esse. - -Nos, quoniam superum mare obsidetur, infero navigabimus, et, si -Puteolis erit difficile, Crotonem petemus aut Thurios et boni cives -amantes patriae mare infestum habebimus. Aliam rationem huius belli -gerendi nullam video. In Aegyptum nos abdemus. Exercitu pares esse non -possumus; pacis fides nulla est. Sed haec satis deplorata sunt. - -Tu velim litteras Cephalioni des de omnibus rebus actis, denique etiam -de sermonibus hominum, nisi plane obmutuerunt. Ego tuis consiliis usus -sum maximeque, quod et gravitatem in congressu nostro tenui, quam -debui, et, ad urbem ut non accederem, perseveravi. Quod superest, -scribe, quaeso, quam accuratissime (iam enim extrema sunt), quid -placeat, quid censeas; etsi iam nulla dubitatio est. Tamen, si quid vel -potius quicquid veniet in mentem, scribas velim. - - * * * * * - - Page 271 - -from anger and let us reflect that there is nothing left us now except -what to me is least desirable--life. - -As for me, since the Adriatic is beset, I shall sail by the lower sea, -and, if it be difficult to start from Puteoli, I shall seek Croton or -Thurii, and like a loyal and patriotic citizen play the pirate. Other -means of conducting this war I see none. We will go and bury ourselves -in Egypt. We cannot match Caesar on land, and we cannot rely on peace. -But enough of this outcry. - -Please entrust a letter to Cephalio about all that has been done, and -even about people's talk, unless men have become quite dumb. I followed -your advice, especially when I maintained in our conversation a proper -dignity and persisted in my refusal to go to Rome. For the rest please -write to me in as much detail as possible (for the worst has come to -the worst) what you approve and what you think, though now there can be -no doubt. But yet, if anything comes into your mind, or rather whatever -comes into your mind, please write to me. - - * * * * * - - Page 272 - - - - -M. TULLI CICERONIS EPISTULARUM AD ATTICUM LIBER DECIMUS - - - - -I - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Laterio Quinti fratis III Non. Apr. a. 705_] - -III Nonas cum in Laterium fratris venissem, accepi litteras tuas et -paulum respiravi, quod post has ruinas mihi non acciderat. Per enim -magni aestimo tibi firmitudinem animi nostri et factum nostrum probari. -Sexto enim nostro quod scribis probari, ita laetor, ut me quasi patris -eius, cui semper uni plurimum tribui, iudicio comprobari putem. Qui -mihi, quod saepe soleo recordari, dixit olim Nonis illis Decembribus, -cum ego "Sexte, quidnam ergo?" "Μὴ μάν, inquit ille, ἀσπουδί γε καὶ -ἀκλειῶς ἀπολοίμην, ἀλλὰ μέγα ῥέξας τι καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι." Eius -igitur mihi vivit auctoritas, et simillimus eius filius eodem est apud -me pondere, quo fuit ille. Quem salvere velim iubeas plurimum. - -Tu tuum consilium etsi non in longinquum tempus differs (iam enim illum -emptum pacificatorem perorasse puto, iam actum aliquid esse in consessu -senatorum; senatum enim non puto), tamen suspensum meum detines, sed -eo minus, quod non dubito, quid nobis agendum putes. Qui enim Flavio -legionem et Siciliam dari scribas, et id iam fieri, quae tu scelera - - * * * * * - - Page 273 - - - - -CICERO'S LETTERS TO ATTICUS BOOK X - - - - -I - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Laterium, April 3_, B.C. _49_] - -[Sidenote: Iliad XXII, 304] - -On the third of April coming to my brother's house at Laterium, I got -your letter with some little relief, a thing which had not happened to -me since this disaster began. For I attach very great weight to your -approval of my firmness of mind and my action. As for your writing -that it meets with the approval of my friend Sextus, I am as glad as -if I fancied myself to have won the approval of his father, on whose -judgement I always set the very highest value. I often call to mind how -it was he who said to me on that famous December the 5th, when I asked -him what we were to do next: "Let me not die a coward and shameful -death, but greatly daring live in fame for aye." So his influence lives -for me, and his son, who is very like him, has the same weight as he. -Please give him my best compliments. - -Your plan, it is true, you postpone for a very short time,--for I fancy -by now that that venal peace-maker must have wound up his speech, and -something must have been done in the session of Senators, for I don't -consider it a Senate,--still you keep mine in suspense, but the less so -because I have no doubt as to what you think we should do. For when you -write that Flavius is offered a legion and Sicily, and that the matter -is now in hand, just think what - - * * * * * - - Page 274 - -partim parari iam et cogitari, partim ex tempore futura censes? Ego -vero Solonis, popularis tui, ut puto, etiam mei, legem neglegam, qui -capite sanxit, si qui in seditione non alterius utrius partis fuisset, -et, nisi si tu aliter censes, et hinc abero et illim. Sed alterum mihi -est certius, nec praeripiam tamen. Exspectabo tuum consilium et eas -litteras, nisi alias iam dedisti, quas scripsi ut Cephalioni dares. - -Quod scribis, non quo aliunde audieris, sed te ipsum putare me -attractum iri, si de pace agatur, mihi omnino non venit in mentem, -quae possit actio esse de pace, cum illi certissimum sit, si possit, -exspoliare exercitu et provincia Pompeium; nisi forte iste nummarius -ei potest persuadere, ut, dum oratores eant, redeant, quiescat. Nihil -video, quod sperem aut quod iam putem fieri posse. Sed tamen hominis -hoc ipsum probi est et magnum τι[119] τῶν πολιτικωτάτων σκεμμάτων, -veniendumne sit in consilium tyranni, si is aliqua de re bona -deliberaturus sit. Quare, si quid eius modi evenerit, ut arcessamur -(quod equidem non credo.[120] Quid enim essem de pace dicturus, dixi; -ipse valde repudiavit), sed tamen, si quid acciderit, quid censeas -mihi faciendum, utique scribito. Nihil enini mihi adhuc accidit, quod -maioris consilii esset. - -[119] et magnum τι _Wesenberg_; magnum sit _MSS._ - -[120] credo _Boot_: curo _MSS._ - -Trebati, boni viri et civis, verbis te gaudeo delectatum, tuaque -ista crebra ἐκφώνησις ὑπέρευ me sola adhuc delectavit. Litteras tuas -vehementer - - * * * * * - - Page 275 - -iniquities are being prepared and meditated, some now and some in the -future? I shall certainly neglect the law of Solon, your countryman, -and I imagine mine too soon, who provided the death penalty for -anyone who should not take one side in a revolution, and, unless you -advise otherwise, I shall keep apart both from Caesar and Pompey. The -former course is quite certain: but I shall not forestall events. I -shall await your advice and the letter which I asked you to give to -Cephalio--unless you have now sent another. - -You write, not on the authority of anyone, but as your own idea, -that I shall be drawn into any negotiations there may be for peace. -I cannot imagine that there can be such negotiations, since it is -Caesar's positive determination to rob Pompey, if possible, of army and -province, unless perhaps that hireling can induce him to keep quiet, -pending the passage to and fro of intermediaries. I see nothing that -I can hope for or even imagine is likely to happen. However this is -the very question for an honest man to decide and one of the great -questions of _la haute politique_, whether one may enter the council -of a tyrant, if the subject of debate is good. Therefore, if anything -should happen to cause me to be summoned--I don't in the least expect -anything will, for I have said all I can say about peace, and Caesar -was determined to repudiate it--still, if anything should happen, write -and tell me what you think I should do in any case. For so far nothing -has happened that demands greater deliberation. - -I am glad you are pleased with the words of that loyal citizen -Trebatius, and your frequent bravos have so far been my sole pleasure. -Your letter I - - * * * * * - - Page 276 - -exspecto; quas quidem credo iam datas esse. Tu cum Sexto servasti -gravitatem eandem, quam mihi praecipis. Celer tuus disertus magis -est quam sapiens. De iuvenibus quae ex Tullia audisti, vera sunt. -Mucianum[121] istud, quod scribis, non mihi videtur tam re esse triste -quam verbo. Haec est ἄλη, in qua nunc sumus, mortis instar. Aut enim -mihi libere inter malos πολιτευτέον fuit aut vel periculose cum bonis. -Aut oportet temeritatem bonorum sequamur aut audaciam improborum -insectemur. Utrumque periculosum est, at hoc, quod agimus, turpe nec -tamen tutum. - -[121] Mucianum _Reid_: Maconi _MSS._ - -Istum, qui filium Brundisium de pace misit (de pace idem sentio quod -tu, simulationem esse apertam, parari autem acerrime bellum), me -legatum iri non arbitror, cuius adhuc, ut optavi, mentio facta nulla -sit. Eo minus habeo necesse scribere aut etiam cogitare, quid sim -facturus, si acciderit, ut legarer. - - - - -II - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Arcano Quinti fr. postr. Non. Apr. a. 705_] - -Ego cum accepissem tuas litteras Nonis Aprilibus, quas Cephalio -attulerat, essemque Menturnis postridie mansurus, ut inde protinus, -sustinui me in Arcano fratris, ut, dum aliquid certius adferretur, -occultiore in loco essemus, agerenturque nihilo minus, quae sine nobis -agi possunt. - - * * * * * - - Page 277 - -await eagerly. I expect it has been dispatched now. With Sextus you -have preserved the same dignity that you prescribe for me. Your friend -Celer has more wit than wisdom. What you heard from Tullia about the -boys is true. Mucius' ending,[122] which you mention, does not seem to -me so sad as it sounds. It is this distraction in which we now find -ourselves that is like death. For I have the alternative, either to -take part in politics with a free hand among the disloyal, or to side -with the loyal at all costs. I ought either to follow the loyalists in -their rashness or attack the other party in its daring. Either course -spells danger: but my present action brings shame without safety. - -[122] Cf. ix, 12. - -The man who sent his son to Brundisium to negotiate peace (my views -on peace are yours, that it is patent pretence, but that war is being -prosecuted with the utmost activity) that man I think and not I will be -chosen as commissioner. So far to my relief I have heard nothing. So -I fancy it less necessary to write or consider my possible course of -action, if I should happen to be chosen. - - - - -II - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Arcanum, April 6_, B.C. _49_] - -I received your letter brought by Cephalio on the 5th of April. The -next day I intended to stop at Menturnae, and to return thence at once. -I halted at my brother's place at Arcanum in order that I might be in a -more retired place till I get certain news and that such preparations -for the journey, as did not need my presence, might be made. - - * * * * * - - Page 278 - - -Λαλαγεῦσα iam adest, et animus ardet, neque est quicquam, quo et -qua. Sed haec nostra erit cura et peritorum. Tu tamen, quod poteris, -ut adhuc fecisti, nos consiliis iuvabis. Res sunt inexplicabiles. -Fortunae sunt committenda omnia. Sine spe conamur ulla. Melius si quid -acciderit, mirabimur. Dionysium nollem ad me profectum; de quo ad me -Tullia mea scripsit. Sed et tempus alienum est, et homini non amico -nostra incommoda, tanta praesertim, spectaculo esse nollem; cui te meo -nomine inimicum esse nolo. - - - - -III - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Arcano VII Id. Apr. a. 705_] - -Cum, quod scriberem, plane nihil haberem, haec autem reliqua essent, -quae scire cuperem, profectusne esset, quo in statu urbem reliquisset, -in ipsa Italia quem cuique regioni aut negotio praefecisset, ecqui -essent ad Pompeium et ad consules ex senatus consulto de pace legati, -cum igitur haec scire cuperem, dedita opera has ad te litteras misi. -Feceris igitur commode mihique gratum, si me de his rebus, et si quid -erit aliud, quod scire opus sit, feceris certiorem. Ego in Arcano -opperior, dum ista cognosco. - - * * * * * - - Page 279 - - -The "bird that twitters of flight"[123] is here and I am afire with -eagerness, though I have no idea of destination or route. But these -will be considered by me and by those who know. You however must assist -me with your advice, so far as possible, as you have before. The tangle -cannot be unravelled. Everything must be entrusted to fortune. We are -simply struggling without hope. If anything better happens, I shall -be surprised. I would rather Dionysius did not come to me: Tullia has -written to me about him. The time is unsuitable, and I should prefer -that discomforts as great as mine should not be seen by a man who is -not my friend. But I do not want you to be his enemy on my account. - -[123] Cf. ix, 18. - - - - -III - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Arcanum, April 7_, B.C. _49_] - -Though I have nothing at all to write about, yet these points remain, -which I want to know. Has Caesar started? In what condition has he -left Rome? In Italy itself whom has he placed in charge of each region -or department? Who were sent to Pompey and the consuls as peace -commissioners according to the decree of the Senate? To make these -inquiries I have taken the trouble to send this letter. So you will do -well and please me, if you inform me on these points and of anything -else which I ought to know. I stay in Arcanum till I get information. - - * * * * * - - Page 280 - - - - -IIIa - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Arcano VII Id. Apr. a. 705_] - -A. d. VII Idus alteram tibi eodem die hanc epistulam dictavi et pridie -dederam mea manu longiorem. Visum te aiunt in regia, nec reprehendo, -quippe cum ipse istam reprehensionem non fugerim. Sed exspecto tuas -litteras neque iam sane video, quid exspectem, sed tamen, etiamsi nihil -erit, id ipsum ad me velim scribas. - -Caesar mihi ignoscit per litteras, quod non venerim, seseque in optimam -partem id accipere dicit. Facile patior, quod scribit, secum Titinium -et Servium questos esse, quia non idem sibi quod mihi remisisset. -Homines ridiculos! qui, cum filios misissent ad Cn. Pompeium -circumsedendum, ipsi in senatum venire dubitarint. Sed tamen exemplum -misi ad te Caesaris litterarum. - - - - -IV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Cumano XVII K. Mai. a. 705_] - -Multas a te accepi epistulas eodem die omnes diligenter scriptas, eam -vero, quae voluminis instar erat, saepe legendam, sicuti facio. In qua -non frustra laborem suscepisti, mihi quidem pergratum fecisti. Quare, -ut id, quoad licebit, id est quoad scies, ubi simus, quam saepissime -facias, te vehementer rogo. Ac deplorandi quidem, quod cotidie facimus, -sit iam nobis aut finis omnino, si potest, aut moderatio quaedam, - - * * * * * - - Page 281 - - - - -IIIa - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Arcanum, April 7_, B.C. _49_] - -On the 7th of April I dictate this letter, the second on the same day, -and yesterday I dispatched a longer one in my own handwriting. It is -said you have been seen in the Regia,[124] and I don't blame you, since -I laid myself open to the same blame. But I await a letter from you. I -don't see what news I can expect; but still, even if there is none, I -wish you would just tell me that. - -[124] The official residence of Caesar as _Pontifex maximus_. - -Caesar has written to excuse me for not coming to Rome, and says -that he takes it in good part. I am not concerned at his saying that -Titinius and Servius have complained to him for not allowing them the -same privilege as he did to me. What fools they are! They send their -sons to besiege Pompey, and themselves hesitate to enter the House. -However, I send you a copy of Caesar's letter. - - - - -IV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cumae, April 14_, B.C. _49_] - -I have received a lot of letters from you on the same day, all of them -written with care and one, which is as big as a book, worth reading -several times, as I am doing. Your labour has not been in vain: you -have gratified me very much. And so I beseech you continue to write as -often as you can, so long as it is possible, that is, so long as you -know where I am. And as for our daily lamentations let us make an end -of them once for all, if we can, or at - - * * * * * - - Page 282 - -quod profecto potest. Non enim iam, quam dignitatem, quos honores, -quem vitae statum amiserim, cogito, sed quid consecutus sim, quid -praestiterim, qua in laude vixerim, his denique in malis quid intersit -inter me et istos, quos propter omnia amisimus. Hi sunt, qui, nisi -me civitate expulissent, obtinere se non putaverant posse licentiam -cupiditatum suarum. Quorum societatis et sceleratae consensionis fides -quo eruperit, vides. - -Alter ardet furore et scelere, nec remittit aliquid, sed in dies -ingravescit; modo Italia expulit, nunc alia ex parte persequi, ex -alia provincia exspoliare conatur, nec iam recusat, sed quodam modo -postulat, ut, quem ad modum est, sic etiam appelletur tyrannus. Alter, -is qui nos sibi quondam ad pedes stratos ne sublevabat quidem, qui se -nihil contra huius voluntatem facere posse, elapsus e soceri manibus -ac ferro bellum terra et mari comparat, non iniustum ille quidem, sed -cum pium tum etiam necessarium, suis tamen civibus exitiabile, nisi -vicerit, calamitosum, etiamsi vicerit. Horum ego summorum imperatoram -non modo res gestas non antepono meis, sed ne fortunam quidem ipsam; -qua illi florentissima, nos duriore conflictati videmur. Quis enim -potest aut deserta per se patria aut oppressa beatus esse? Et, si, ut -nos a te admonemur, recte in illis libris diximus nihil esse bonum, -nisi quod honestum, nihil malum, nisi - - * * * * * - - Page 283 - -any rate moderate them, which we certainly can. For I have given up -thinking of the dignity, the honours and the position I have lost: -I think of what I have attained, what I have done, the glory of my -career, in short what a difference there is even in our present straits -between me and those through whom I have lost all. They are the people -who thought they could not attain their extravagant desires without -expelling me from the State: and you see now what has come of their -coalition in a criminal conspiracy. - -The one burns with a madman's lust for crime, which does not cool one -whit, but rather increases day by day. He has just driven Pompey from -Italy, now on one side of the world he is pursuing him, on the other he -is trying to rob him of his province: and he no longer refuses, nay, -he practically demands, to be called a tyrant, as he is. The other, -who once would not even give me a helping hand, when I threw myself at -his feet, declaring he could do nothing against Caesar's will, now, -having slipped from the grasp of his father-in-law's mailed hand, is -preparing war by land and sea. The war is not unjust on his part, nay, -it is even righteous and necessary; but, unless he conquers, it will -be fatal to his fellow-countrymen; and, even if he does conquer, it -will be disastrous. These are our great men; but I do not hold their -achievements one whit superior to mine, nor even their fortune, though -they may seem to have basked in fortune's smiles while I have met her -frowns. For who can be happy, when he has caused his country to be -deserted or enslaved? And if, as you admonish me, I was right in saying -in those books of mine that nothing is good, save - - * * * * * - - Page 284 - -quod turpe sit, certe uterque istorum est miserrimus, quorum utrique -semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior sua dominatione et -domesticis commodis fuit. Praeclara igitur conscientia sustentor, cum -cogito me de re publica aut meruisse optime, cum potuerim, aut certe -numquam nisi pie cogitasse, eaque ipsa tempestate eversam esse rem -publicam, quam ego XIIII annis ante prospexerim. Hac igitur conscientia -comite proficiscar magno equidem cum dolore nec tam id propter me -aut propter fratrem meum, quorum est iam acta aetas, quam propter -pueros, quibus interdum videmur praestare etiam rem publicam debuisse. -Quorum quidem alter non tam quia filius quam,[125] quia maiore pietate -est, me mirabiliter excruciat, alter (o rem miseram! nihil enim mihi -accidit in omni vita acerbius) indulgentia videlicet nostra depravatus -eo progressus est, quo non audeo dicere. Et exspecto tuas litteras; -scripsisti enim te scripturum esse plura, cum ipsum vidisses. Omne -meum obsequium in illum fuit cum multa severitate, neque unum eius -nec parvum, sed multa magna delicta compressi. Patris autem lenitas -amanda potius ab illo quam tam crudeliter neglegenda. Nam litteras -eius ad Caesarem missas ita graviter tulimus, ut te quidem celaremus, -sed ipsius videremur vitam insuavem reddidisse. Hoc vero eius iter -simulatioque pietatis qualis fuerit, non audeo dicere; tantum scio, -post Hirtium conventum - -[125] quia filius quam _added by Malaspina_. - - * * * * * - - Page 285 - -what is honourable, and nothing bad, save what is dishonourable, then -certainly both of them are most miserable, since both of them have -thought less of their country's safety and dignity than of their own -high place and private interests. My conscience then is clear and helps -to support me, when I think that I have always rendered my country -good service, when I could, and assuredly have never harboured any but -loyal thoughts, and that the State has been wrecked by the very storm -which I foresaw fourteen years ago. With a clear conscience then I -shall depart, though the parting will cost me a bitter pang: nor shall -I go so much for my own sake or for my brother's--our day is done--as -for our children, to whom I think at times we ought to have secured -at least a free country. For one of them I feel the most poignant -grief--not so much because he is my son, as because he is exceedingly -dutiful--while the other unfortunately has turned out the bitterest -disappointment of my life. He has been spoiled, I suppose, by our -indulgence, and has gone to lengths that I dare not name. I am waiting -for your letter too; for you promised to write more fully when you -had seen him himself. All my humouring of him has been accompanied by -considerable strictness: and I have had to put my foot down not over -one fault of his or a small one, but over many grave faults. But his -father's kindness should surely have been repaid by affection rather -than by such cruel disregard. For we were more annoyed at his sending -letters to Caesar than we let you see, but I think we made his life a -burden to him. I dare not describe this recent journey of his and his -hypocritical pretence of filial duty: I only know that, after he met -Hirtius, - - * * * * * - - Page 286 - -arcessitum a Caesare, cum eo de meo animo a suis rationibus alienissimo -et consilio relinquendi Italiam; et haec ipsa timide. Sed nulla nostra -culpa est, natura metuenda est. Haec Curionem, haec Hortensi filium, -non patrum culpa corrupit. - -Iacet in maerore meus frater neque tam de sua vita quam de mea metuit. -Huic tu huic tu malo adfer consolationes, si ullas potes; maxime quidem -illam velim, ea, quae ad nos delata sint, aut falsa esse aut minora. -Quae si vera sint, quid futurum sit in hac vita et fuga, nescio. -Nam, si haberemus rem publicam, consilium mihi non deesset nec ad -severitatem nec ad indulgentiam. Nunc haec sive iracundia sive dolore -sive metu permotus gravius scripsi, quam aut tuus in illum amor aut -meus postulabat, si vera sunt, ignosces, si falsa, me libente eripies -mihi hunc errorem. Quoquo modo vero se res habebit, nihil adsignabis -nec patruo nec patri. - -Cum haec scripsissem, a Curione mihi nuntiatum est eum ad me venire. -Venerat enim is in Cumanum vesperi pridie, id est Idibus. Si quid -igitur eius modi sermo eius attulerit, quod ad te scribendum sit, id -his litteris adiungam. - -Praeteriit villam meam Curio iussitque mihi nuntiari mox se venturum -cucurritque Puteolos, ut ibi contionaretur. Contionatus est, rediit, -fuit ad me sane diu. O rem foedam! Nosti hominem; nihil occultavit, in -primis nihil esse certius, quam ut - - * * * * * - - Page 287 - -he was summoned to Caesar's presence, and discussed the difference -between my views and his own and my plan of leaving Italy. Even -that I write with hesitation. But it is no fault of mine: it is his -disposition which must cause us anxiety. That is what corrupted Curio -and Hortensius' son, not their fathers' fault. - -My brother is prostrate with grief, though he does not fear for his own -life so much as for mine. It is to him, to him more than me, I want you -to offer consolation, if you can. The best consolation would be that -what we have heard was false or exaggerated. If it was true, I fail to -see what will come of this runaway existence. For if the constitution -were still intact, I should know what to do both in the way of severity -and in the way of kindness. Now, under the sway of some passion, be it -wrath or sorrow or fear, I have written more bitterly than either your -affection for him or mine warrants. If what I have said is true, you -will pardon me: if it is false, I shall be only too glad to have the -error removed. However it may be, you must not blame his uncle or his -father. - -When I had got so far, I received a message from Curio that he was -coming to see me. He came to his place here yesterday evening, that -is on the 13th. If any point worth mentioning to you occurs in our -conversation, I will add it to this letter. - -Curio passed by my house, and sent a message saying he was coming very -soon. Then he hurried off to make a speech at Puteoli. He made his -speech, returned and stayed a very long time. How disgusting! You know -the sort of man he is: he hid nothing. In the first place he is quite -sure that all - - * * * * * - - Page 288 - -omnes, qui lege Pompeia condemnati essent, restituerentur. Itaque se in -Sicilia eorum opera usurum. De Hispaniis non dubitabat, quin Caesaris -essent. Inde ipsum cum exercitu, ubicumque Pompeius esset. Eius -interitum finem belli[126] fore. Propius factum esse nihil, nisi[127] -plane iracundia elatum voluisse Caesarem occidi Metellum tribunum -pl. Quod si esset factum, caedem magnam futuram fuisse. Permultos -hortatores esse caedis, ipsum autem non voluntate aut natura non esse -crudelem, sed quod popularem putaret esse clementiam. Quodsi populi -stadium amisisset, crudelem fore. Eumque perturbatum, quod intellegeret -se apud ipsam plebem offendisse de aerario. Itaque, ei cum certissimum -fuisset, antequam proficisceretur, contionem habere, ausum non esse -vehementerque animo perturbato profectum. Cum autem ex eo quaererem, -quid videret, quem eventum, quam rem publicam, plane fatebatur nullam -spem reliquam. Pompei classem timebat. Quae si exisset, se de Sicilia -abiturum. "Quid isti," inquam, "sex tui fasces? si a senatu, cur -laureati? si ab ipso, cur sex?" "Cupivi," inquit, "ex senatus consulto -surrupto; nam aliter non poterat. At ille impendio nunc magis odit -senatum. A me," inquit, "omnia proficiscentur," - -[126] belli _Manutius_; illi _MSS._ - -[127] nisi _Schmidt_; ei _MSS._ - - * * * * * - - Page 289 - -those condemned by Pompey's law are going to be recalled: and so he is -going to make use of their services in Sicily. He had no doubt about -Caesar getting the two Spains and said he would start from them with -an army to wherever Pompey might be. Pompey's death would be the end -of the war. Caesar had been carried away by anger into wishing to have -the tribune Metellus killed and he had had a narrow shave. If it had -happened, there would have been an enormous massacre. Many had spoken -in favour of a massacre: and Caesar himself was not by nature and -inclination averse to cruelty, but he thought that mild measures would -win popularity. But, if he lost popular favour, he would be cruel. He -had been put out when he found that he had offended the populace itself -by seizing the treasury: and so, though he had fully made up his mind -to harangue the people before leaving, he had not ventured to do so, -and he had gone off in a very disturbed state of mind. But when I asked -Curio what he looked forward to, what end, and what constitution, he -confessed openly that there was no hope left. He was afraid of Pompey's -fleet, and, if it put to sea, he should desert Sicily. I asked, what -was the meaning of his six lictors, why their staves were laurelled, -if the Senate gave them to him, and why there were six, if Caesar gave -them. [128] He said, "I wanted to snatch a vote from the House for them -(for it could not be done openly): but Caesar hates the Senate like -poison, and declares that all such authority will - -[128] Six lictors were the regular number for the propraetor of Sicily; -but their staves would not be laurelled as Curio had not won a victory -over a public enemy. If appointed a _legatus_ to Caesar he might have -had proconsular powers and twelve lictors. - - * * * * * - - Page 290 - -"Cur autem sex?" "Quia XII nolui; nam licebat." Tum ego "Quam vellem," -inquam, "petisse ab eo, quod audio Philippum impetrasse! Sed veritus -sum, quia ille a me nihil impetrabat." "Libenter," inquit, "tibi -concessisset. Verum puta te impetrasse; ego enim ad eum scribam, ut -tu ipse voles, de ea re nos inter nos locutos. Quid autem illius -interest, quoniam in senatum non venis, ubi sis? Quin nunc ipsum -minime offendisses eius causam, si in Italia non fuisses." Ad quae ego -me recessum et solitudinem quaerere, maxime quod lictores haberem. -Laudavit consilium. "Quid ergo?" inquam; "nam mihi cursus in Graeciam -per tuam provinciam est, quoniam ad mare superum milites sunt." "Quid -mihi," inquit, "optatius?" Hoc loco multa perliberaliter. Ergo hoc -quidem est profectum, ut non modo tuto, verum etiam palam navigaremus. - -Reliqua in posterum diem distulit; ex quibus scribam ad to si quid -erit epistula dignum. Sunt autem, quae praeterii, interregnumne -esset exspectaturus, an, quo modo dixerit ille quidem ad se deferri -consulatum, sed se nolle in proximum annum. Et alia sunt, quae -exquiram. Iurabat ad summam, quod nullo negotio facere solet, -amicissimum mihi Caesarem esse. "Dubito equidem," inquam. "Scripsit -ad me Dolabella." "Dic, quid?" Adfirmabat eum scripsisse, quod me -cuperet ad urbem venire, illum quidem gratias agere maximas et non modo -probare, sed etiam gaudere. Quid quaeris? acquievi, Levata - - * * * * * - - Page 291 - -proceed from him." "But why six?" "Because I didn't want twelve, though -I could have had them." I said: "I wish I had asked for what I hear -Philippus has got from him: but I was afraid to ask, as he got nothing -from me." He replied: "He would willingly have given you permission. -But take it that you did get it. I will write to him just as you wish, -and say we have spoken about the matter. What does it matter to him -where you are, as you do not attend the House? If you were not in Italy -at this very moment, it would not damage his cause in the least." -I responded that I was looking for a retired and solitary retreat, -especially because I still had my lictors in attendance. He agreed -with me. "How about this then," said I. "My way through to Greece lies -through your province, as the Adriatic is guarded." "There is nothing I -should like better," he said, and added many very handsome remarks. So -something has come of it: I could sail not only in safety, but openly. - -The rest he put off for the next day: I will write and tell you if -there is anything worth mentioning. But there are some things I omitted -to ask: whether Caesar was going to wait for an interregnum, or what -he meant by saying that he had been offered the consulship but had -refused it for the next year. And there are other points I must ask -about. Finally he swore--though to be sure he makes no bones about -swearing--that Caesar was very friendly to me. I expressed my doubt. He -said he had heard from Dolabella. I asked what he said, and he declared -he said Caesar had thanked him warmly for wanting me to go to Rome, and -not only approved but showed pleasure. Of course I felt relieved. - - * * * * * - - Page 292 - -est enim suspicio illa domestici mali et sermonis Hirtiani. Quam cupio -illum dignum esse nobis, et quam ipse me invito, quae pro illo sint, ad -suspicandum! Sed opus fuit Hirtio convento? Est profecto nescio quid, -sed velim quam minimo. Et tamen eum nondum redisse miramur. Sed haec -videbimus. - -Tu Oppios Terentiae delegabis.[129] Iam enim urbis unum periculum est. -Me tamen consilio iuva, pedibusne Regium an hinc statim in navem, et -cetera, quoniam commoror. Ego ad te statim habebo, quod scribam, simul -ut videro Curionem. De Tirone cura, quaeso, quod facis, ut sciam, quid -is agat. - -[129] delegabis _Wesenberg_: dabis _MSS._ - - - - -V - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Cumano XV K. Mai. a. 705_] - -De tota mea cogitatione scripsi ad te antea satis, ut mihi visus sum, -diligenter. De die nihil sane potest scribi certi praeter hoc, non ante -lunam novam. Curionis sermo postridie eandem habuit fere summam, nisi -quod apertius significavit se harum rerum exitum non videre. - -Quod mihi mandas de Quinto regendo, Ἀρκαδίαν - - * * * * * - - Page 293 - -The suspicion of domestic treachery and of the talk with Hirtius has -been removed. How I hope young Quintus is worthy of his family, and how -I keep urging myself to note the points in his favour! But need he have -visited Hirtius? There is something in the tale, but I hope it may not -prove of much consequence. Still I wonder he is not back yet. But we -shall see about this. - -Please introduce Terentia to the Oppii: for there is only one danger -in Rome now.[130] As for me, give me the benefit of your advice as to -whether I am to go to Regium on foot or to embark straight from here, -and on all the other points too, as I am staying here. I shall have -something to write as soon as I have seen Curio. Please keep me posted -up in news about Tiro's condition, as you have done. - -[130] The Oppii were moneylenders, and, if the reading _unum_ is right, -Cicero must mean that lack of obtaining ready money was the only danger -in Rome. - - - - -V - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cumae, April 16_, B.C. 49] - -About the whole of my plans I have written to you before, as I think, -exactly. Of the day I can say no more for certain than this, that it -will not be before the new moon. Curio's conversation on the next day -had practically the same gist, except that he showed still more frankly -that he could not see an end to this state of things. - -[Sidenote: 50,000 sesterces] - -[Sidenote: 30,000 sesterces] - -As for your commission about the control of Quintus, you are asking for -the moon.[131] However I - -[131] Cf. the answer of the Delphic oracle to a Spartan envoy in -Herodotus I, 66, Ἀρκαδίαν μ'αἰτεῖς, μέγα μ'αἰτεῖς, οὖτοι δώσω. "Thou -askest for Arcadia. 'Tis much thou askest for. I will not give it." - - * * * * * - - Page 294 - -Tamen nihil praetermittam. Atque utinam tu ----, sed molestior non -ero. Epistulam ad Vestorium statim detuli, ac valde requirere solebat. -Commodius tecum Vettienus est locutus, quam ad me scripserat. Sed -mirari satis hominis neglegentiam non queo. Cum enim mihi Philotimus -dixisset se HS L̅ emere de Canuleio deversorium illud posse, minoris -etiam empturum, si Vettienum rogassem, rogavi, ut, si quid posset, -ex ea summa detraheret. Promisit. Ad me nuper se HS X̅X̅X̅ emisse; -ut scriberem, cui vellem addici; diem pecuniae Idus Novembr. esse. -Rescripsi ei stomachosius, cum ioco tamen familiari. Nunc, quoniam agit -liberaliter, nihil accuso hominem, scripsique ad eum me a te certiorem -esse factum. Tu, de tuo itinere quid et quando cogites, velim me -certiorem facias. A. d. XV K. Maias. - - - - -VI - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Cumano medio m. Apr. a. 705_] - -Me adhuc nihil praeter tempestatem moratur. Astute nihil sum acturus. -Fiat in Hispania quidlibet; et tamen ire certum est.[132] Meas -cogitationes omnis explicavi tibi superioribus litteris. Quocirca hae -sunt breves, etiam[133] quia festinabam eramque occupatior. - -[132] ire certum est _Wesenberg_: recitet et _MZ_ᵇ: reticeret _Z_ˡ. - -[133] etiam _Malaspina_: et tamen _MSS._ - -De Quinto filio fit a me quidem sedulo; sed nosti - - * * * * * - - Page 295 - -shall be guilty of no omission and would that you----. But I will -not be too troublesome. The letter I forwarded at once to Vestorius; -he kept asking why it was not sent. Vettienus has spoken with you in -a tone more accommodating than his letter to me: but I am greatly -astonished at the man's carelessness. Philotimus informed me that he -could buy that lodge of Canuleius for 400 guineas, and could get it -even for less, if I asked Vettienus to act as purchaser. So I did ask -Vettienus to get a deduction from that sum, if he could. He promised. -Lately he has informed me that he bought it for about £250, and asked -me to inform him to whom I wished to convey it, adding that the day for -payment was the 13th of November. My reply was somewhat cross, but yet -in a familiar joking vein. Now, as he is acting handsomely, I have no -charge against him, and I have written to him that you have informed -me. Please let me know about your journey, what you intend to do and -when. - -April 16. - - - - -VI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cumae, April_, B.C. _49_] - -So far nothing stops me beyond the weather. I am not going to play a -sharp game. Let what will happen in Spain, I have made up my mind to -go. My plans have all been unfolded to you in previous letters; so this -is a short one; also because I am in a hurry and rather busy. - -As for young Quintus "surely I do my best,"[134] you - -[134] Possibly a reference to Terence _Adelphi_ 44, "Fit sedulo, nihil -praetermitto, consuefacio." - - * * * * * - - Page 296 - -reliqua. Quod dein me mones, et amice et prudenter me mones, sed erunt -omnia facilia, si ab uno illo cavero. Magnum opus est, mirabilia multa, -nihil simplex, nihil sincerum. Vellem suscepisses iuvenem regendum; -pater enim nimis indulgens, quicquid ego adstrinxi, relaxat. Si sine -illo possem, regerem; quod tu potes. Sed ignosco; magnum, inquam, opus -est. - -Pompeium pro certo habemus per Illyricum proficisci in Galliam. Ego -nunc, qua et quo, videbo. - - - - -VII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Cumano circ. IX K. Mai. a. 705_] - -Ego vero Apuliam et Sipontum et tergiversationem istam probo, nec tuam -rationem eandem esse duco quam meam, non quin in re publica rectum idem -sit utrique nostrum, sed ea non agitur. Regnandi contentio est, in -qua pulsus est modestior rex et probior et integrior et is, qui nisi -vincit, nomen populi Romani deleatur necesse est, sin autem vincit, -Sullano more exemploque vincet. Ergo hac in contentione neutrum tibi -palam sentiendum et tempori serviendum est. Mea causa autem alia est, -quod beneficio vinctus ingratus esse non possum, nec tamen in acie me, -sed Melitae aut alio in loco simili futurum puto. "Nihil," inquies, -"iuvas eum, in quem - - * * * * * - - Page 297 - -know the rest. You go on to advise me, and you advise me like a -prudent friend; but all will be simple, if I beware of the youngster. -It is a big business; he is full of oddities and has no simplicity or -sincerity. I wish you had undertaken his training; for his father is -too kind. If I tighten the rein, he loosens it. If I could act without -his father, I could manage the youngster, as you can do. But I excuse -you. It is, as I say, a big business. - -Pompey, I am certain, is marching through Illyricum into Gaul. By what -route and whither I am now to travel, I shall see. - - - - -VII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cumae, April 22(?)_, B.C. _49_] - -Yes, I think you are right to hedge, and stay in Apulia and Sipontum: -nor do I consider that your case is the same as mine. Of course in the -matter of the constitution the right course is the same for both of us: -but the constitution is not now in question. It is a struggle between -two kings, in which defeat has overtaken the more moderate king, the -one who is more upright and honest, the one whose failure means that -the very name of the Roman people must be wiped out, though, if he wins -the victory, he will use it after the manner and example of Sulla. -Therefore in a contest like this you must not openly express your -sentiments for either side, but must await the event. My case however -is different. I am under the bond of an obligation, and cannot show -ingratitude. But yet I do not fancy that I shall be found in the line -of battle, but at Malta or some other similar place. You may say I - - * * * * * - - Page 298 - -ingratus esse non vis?" Immo minus fortasse voluisset. Sed de hoc -videbimus; exeamus modo. Quod ut meliore tempore possimus, facit -Adriano mari Dolabella, Fretensi Curio. - -Iniecta autem mihi spes quaedam est velle mecum Ser. Sulpicium -conloqui. Ad eum misi Philotimum libertum cum litteris. Si vir esse -volet, praeclara συνοδία, sin autem ----, erimus nos, qui solemus. -Curio mecum vixit, iacere Caesarem putans offensione populari -Siciliaeque diffidens, si Pompeius navigare coepisset. - -Quintum puerum accepi vehementer. Avaritiam video fuisse et spem magni -congiarii. Magnum hoc malum est, sed scelus illud, quod timueramus, -spero nullum fuisse. Hoc autem vitium puto te existimare non a nostra -indulgentia, sed a natura profectum. Quem tamen nos disciplina regemus. - -De Oppiis Veliensibus quid placeat, cum Philotimo videbis. Epirum -nostram putabimus, sed alios cursus videbamur habituri. - - - - -VIII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Cumano VI Non. Mai. a. 705_] - -Et res ipsa monebat, et tu ostenderas, et ego videbam de iis rebus, -quas intercipi periculosum esset, finem inter nos scribendi fieri -tempus esse. Sed, cum ad me saepe mea Tullia scribat orans, ut, quid in -Hispania geratur, exspectem, et semper - - * * * * * - - Page 299 - -do not help the man to whom I am loth to show ingratitude. No. Perhaps -he would have been glad if I had helped him less. But that we shall -see. Let me only get away. A fair opportunity is offered now that -Dolabella is in the Adriatic and Curio in the straits of Sicily. - -I have conceived some hope that Servius Sulpicius wishes to see me. I -have dispatched Philotimus, my freedman, to him with a letter. If he -wishes to play the man, we shall have a fine time together. But if not, -well, I shall be my own old self. Curio stayed with me. He thinks that -Caesar is falling in popular esteem and he is mistrustful about going -to Sicily, if Pompey should begin a naval action. - -The boy Quintus got it hot when he came. I see it was greed and the -hope of a large bounty. This is a great evil; but disloyalty, which I -feared, there was I hope none. But this flaw, I fancy you will gather, -did not proceed from my spoiling him, but from his own temperament. -Still, I must teach him discipline. - -As to the Oppii of Velia, you will arrange with Philotimus as you think -fit. Your place in Epirus I shall regard as my own; but it seems I -shall go on another tack. - - - - -VIII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cumae, May 2_, B.C. _49_] - -Circumstances advise, you have pointed out, and I see for myself, that -it is time there was an end to our correspondence on topics which it -is dangerous to have intercepted: but since my daughter often writes -beseeching me to await the issue in Spain and - - * * * * * - - Page 300 - -adscribat idem videri tibi, idque ipse etiam ex tuis litteris -intellexerim, non puto esse alienum me ad te, quid de ea re sentiam, -scribere. - -Consilium istud tunc esset prudens, ut mihi videtur, si nostras -rationes ad Hispaniensem casum accommodaturi essemus; quod fieri non -debet.[135] Necesse est enim aut, id quod maxime velim, pelli istum -ab Hispania, aut trahi id bellum, aut istum, ut confidere videtur, -apprehendere Hispanias. Si pelletur, quam gratus aut quam honestus tum -erit ad Pompeium noster adventus, cum ipsum Curionem ad eum transiturum -putem? Si trahitur bellum, quid exspectem aut quam diu? Relinquitur, -ut, si vincimur in Hispania, quiescamus. Id ego contra puto. Istum -enim victorem magis relinquendum puto quam victum, et dubitantem -magis quam fidentem suis rebus. Nam caedem video, si vicerit, et -impetum in privatorum pecunias et exsulum reditum et tabulas novas et -turpissimorum honores et regnum non modo Romano homini, sed ne Persae -quidem cuiquam tolerabile. Tacita esse poterit indignitas nostra? pati -poterunt oculi me cum Gabinio sententiam dicere, et quidem illum rogari -prius? praesto esse clientem tuum Clodium, C. Atei Plaguleium, ceteros? -Sed cur inimicos conligo, qui meos necessarios a me defensos nec videre -in curia sine dolore nec versari inter eos sine dedecore potero? Quid, -si ne id quidem est exploratum fore ut mihi liceat? Scribunt enim ad me -amici eius me illi nullo modo satis - -[135] non debet _is omitted by the best MSS. and is probably only -supplied by conjecture in P_. - - * * * * * - - Page 301 - -always adds that you think the same, and this is what I have gathered -myself from your letters, I think it is well for me to write to you -what I think about it. - -The advice would be wise, it seems to me, only if I meant to shape my -course according to what happens in Spain. That is impossible. For -either, as I should much prefer, Caesar must be driven from Spain, or -the war will drag on, or Caesar will seize Spain, as he seems to be -confident. If Caesar is driven from Spain, you can imagine how pleasing -and honourable my arrival will seem to Pompey, when I suppose even -Curio will go over to him. If the war drags on, for what am I to wait -or how long? The remaining alternative is that I should keep neutral, -if we are beaten in Spain. I take the opposite view: for I think I am -more bound to desert Caesar as victor than as vanquished, and while -he is still doubtful rather than confident about his fortunes: for I -foresee a massacre, if he conquers, attack on the wealth of private -persons, the recall of exiles, repudiation of debts, high office for -the vilest men, and a tyranny intolerable to a Persian much more to a -Roman. Will my indignation be able to keep silence? Can my eyes endure -to see myself giving my vote along with Gabinius, or indeed Gabinius -being asked his opinion before me? Your client Clodius in waiting? -Plaguleius, the client of C. Ateius, and all the others? But why do I -make a list of opponents, when I shall be unable to see in the House -without pain friends whom I have defended or to mix with them without -shame? And what if even that may not be allowed to me, for all I know? -For Caesar's friends write me that he is not at all - - * * * * * - - Page 302 - -fecisse, quod in senatum non venerim. Tamenne dubitemus, an ei nos -etiam cum periculo venditemus, quicum coniuncti ne cum praemio quidem -voluimus esse? Deinde hoc vide, non esse iudicium de tota contentione -in Hispaniis, nisi forte iis amissis arma Pompeium abiecturum putas, -cuius omne consilium Themistocleum est. Existimat enim, qui mare -teneat, eum necesse esse rerum potiri. Itaque numquam id egit, ut -Hispaniae per se tenerentur, navalis apparatus ei semper antiquissima -cura fuit. Navigabit igitur, cum erit tempus, maximis classibus et -ad Italiam accedet. In qua nos sedentes quid erimus? nam medios esse -iam non licebit. Classibus adversabimur igitur? Quod maius scelus aut -tantum denique? quid turpius? anuival dehic in absentis[136] solus tuli -scelus, eiusdem cum Pompeio et cum reliquis principibus non feram? -Quodsi iam misso officio periculi ratio habenda est, ab illis est -periculum, si peccaro, ab hoc, si recte fecero, nec ullum in his malis -consilium periculo vacuum inveniri potest, ut non sit dubium, quin -turpiter facere cum periculo fugiamus, quod fugeremus etiam cum salute. -Non si[137] simul cum Pompeio mare transierimus? Omnino non potuimus. -Exstat ratio dierum. Sed tamen--fateamur enim, quod est: ne condimus -quidem--ut possimus, fefellit ea me res, quae fortasse non debuit, sed -fefellit. Pacem putavi fore. Quae si esset, iratum mihi Caesarem esse, -cum idem amicus - -[136] _The text here is hopelessly corrupt and no satisfactory -emendation has been made. The translation gives the probable sense._ - -[137] si _added by Tyrrell_. - - * * * * * - - Page 303 - -satisfied because I did not come to the Senate. Am I still to hesitate -whether to sell myself to him at grave risk, when I refused to join -him even with a certainty of reward. Besides consider this that the -verdict on the whole contest does not depend on Spain; unless perhaps -you think that, if Spain is lost, Pompey will throw down his arms, when -his policy has always been that of Themistocles. He considers that the -master of the sea must be master of the empire: so he has never planned -to hold Spain for its own sake. The equipment of the fleet has always -been his first care. So he will take to the sea in due season with a -huge fleet and will come to Italy. What then will be the fate of us, if -we stay here idle? Neutrality will be impossible. Shall we then resist -the fleet? Could there be a crime deeper, greater or baser? Isolated I -ran risks: shall I hesitate with the help of Pompey and the rest of the -nobles. If now I am to take no account of duty but only of danger, it -is from Pompey's party I run risk, if I do wrong, from Caesar, if I do -right: and such is our evil plight that no plan is so free from danger -as to leave a doubt that I should avoid doing with disgrace as well -as danger what I should have avoided, if it had been safe. You will -say I might safely have crossed the sea with Pompey. It was altogether -impossible. It is easy to reckon the days: but nevertheless (for let -me confess the truth: I do not even sugar my confession) supposing I -could, I was mistaken over a point which perhaps ought not to have -misled me; but it did. I thought that peace might be made: and, if it -should be, I did not wish Caesar to be angry with me, when at the same -time he was - - * * * * * - - Page 304 - -esset Pompeio, nolui. Senseram enim, quam idem essent. Hoc verens in -hanc tarditatem incidi. Sed assequor omnia, si propero, si cunctor, -amitto. Et tamen, mi Attice, auguria quoque me incitant quadam spe non -dubia, nec haec collegii nostri ab Atto, sed illa Platonis de tyrannis. -Nullo enim modo posse video stare istum diutius, quin ipse per se etiam -languentibus nobis concidat, quippe qui florentissimus ac novus VI, VII -diebus ipsi illi egenti ac perditae multitudini in odium acerbissimum -venerit, qui duarum rerum simulationem tam cito amiserit, mansuetudinis -in Metello, divitiarum in aerario. Iam quibus utatur vel sociis vel -ministris? ii provincias, ii rem publicam regent, quorum nemo duo -menses potuit patrimonium suum gubernare? - -Non sunt omnia colligenda, quae tu acutissime perspicis, sed tamen ea -pone ante oculos; iam intelleges id regnum vix semenstre esse posse. -Quod si me fefellerit, feram, sicut multi clarissimi homines in re -publica excellentes tulerunt, nisi forti me Sardanapalli vicem [in -suo lectulo][138] mori malle censueris quam exsilio Themistocleo. Qui -com fuisset, ut ait Thucydides, τῶν μὲν παρόντων δι' ἐλαχίστης βουλῆς -κράτιστος γνώμων, τῶν δὲ μελλόντων ἐς πλεῖστον τοῦ γενησομένου ἄριστος -εἰκαστής, tamen incidit in eos - -[138] _The words in brackets are deleted by Nipperdey as a gloss._ - - * * * * * - - Page 305 - -friendly with Pompey. For I had realized how exactly they were alike. -That fear of mine led me to delay. But I gain all now by haste, and, if -I delay, I lose all. Nevertheless, my friend, there are auguries which -urge me on, with hope not uncertain: I do not mean those of my own -college which came down from Attus Navius: but Plato's words about the -tyrant.[139] For I see that Caesar can in no way maintain his position -much longer, without causing his own fall, even if we are backward. -For in his first and flourishing days it did not take him a week to -incur the bitter hatred of the needy abandoned rabble, by letting slip -through his fingers so quickly his fictitious claim to two things, -clemency in the case of Metellus and ample wealth in the case of the -public money. Now what kind of associates and servants can he employ? -Are men to rule provinces and direct affairs not one of whom could -steer his own fortunes for two months? - -[139] Probably _Republic_ VIII, 562. - -I need not put all the points together; you see them clearly enough: -but put them before your eyes and you will understand that his reign -can hardly last for half a year. If I am mistaken, I will bear the -consequences, as many illustrious men, eminent in public life, have -borne them, unless perhaps you consider that I should prefer to die -like Sardanapalus [in his bed] rather than like Themistocles in exile. -For Thucydides tells us that though Themistocles was "the best judge of -current affairs on the shortest reflection, and the shrewdest to guess -at what would happen in the future," yet he fell into misfortunes, -which he would have escaped, had there been no - - * * * * * - - Page 306 - -casus, quos vitasset, si eum nihil fefellisset. Etsi is erat, ut ait -idem, qui τὸ ἄμεινον καὶ τὸ χεῖρον ἐν τῷ ἀφανεῖ ἔτι ἑώρα μάλιστα, -tamen non vidit, nec quo modo Lacedaemoniorum nec quo modo suorum -civium invidiam effugeret nec quid Artaxerxi polliceretur. Non fuisset -illa nox tam acerba Africano, sapientissimo viro, non tam dirus ille -dies Sullanus callidissimo viro, C. Mario, si nihil utrumque eorum -fefellisset. Nos tamen hoc confirmamus illo augurio, quo diximus, -nec nos fallit, nec aliter accidet. Corruat iste necesse est aut -per adversarios aut ipse per se, qui quidem sibi est adversarius -unus acerrimus. Id spero vivis nobis fore; quamquam tempus est nos -de illa perpetua iam, non de hac exigua vita cogitare. Sin quid -accident maturius, haud sane mea multum interfuerit, utrum factum -videam an futurum esse multo ante viderim. Quae cum ita sint, non -est committendum, ut iis paream, quos contra me senatus, ne quid res -publica detrimenti acciperet, armavit. - -Tibi sunt omnia commendata, quae commendationis meae pro tuo in nos -amore non indigent. Nec hercule ego quidem reperio, quid scribam; sedeo -enim πλουδοκῶν. Etsi nihil umquam tam fuit scribendum quam nihil mihi -umquam ex plurimis tuis iucunditatibus - - * * * * * - - Page 307 - -error in his calculations. Though he was, as the same writer says, "a -clear-sighted judge of the better and the worse course in a doubtful -crisis,"[140] yet he failed to see how to avoid the hate of the -Spartans and his own fellow-citizens, nor what promise he ought to make -to Artaxerxes. Africanus would have been spared that cruel night,[141] -and that master of craft C. Marius the fateful day of Sulla's triumph, -if nothing had ever escaped their calculations. So I strengthen myself -by that prophetic remark of Plato: I am not deceived nor will it happen -otherwise. Caesar is bound to fall either through the agency of his -enemies or of himself, and he is his own worst enemy. I hope it will -be in our lifetime, though it is an occasion for us to consider the -lasting future and not our own narrow life. If anything happens to me -before that day, it will not have mattered to me much whether I see it -come about or foresee that it will happen long before. Since this is -so, I must not obey men against whom the Senate armed me with power to -see that the Republic took no harm.[142] - -[140] Thucydides i, 138. - -[141] P. Scipio Africanus the younger was found dead in his bed, and -was supposed to have been murdered at Carbo's instigation. - -[142] Cf. _Ad Fam._ XVI, 11, where he states that the Senate gave -a general commission to all magistrates and ex-consuls "_ne quid -respublica detrimenti caperet_." - -To you all my interests have been entrusted, though they need no -entrusting considering your great affection for me. I have nothing to -write, for I sit waiting to sail. Yet I never wanted so much to write -anything, as I want to tell you that of your - - * * * * * - - Page 308 - -gratius accidisse, quam quod meam Tulliam suavissime diligentissimeque -coluisti. Valde eo ipsa delectata est, ego autem non minus. Cuius -quidem virtus mirifica. Quo modo illa fert publicam cladem, quo modo -domesticas tricas! quantus autem animus in discessu nostro! Est στοργή, -est summa σύντηξις. Tamen nos recte facere et bene audire vult. Sed hac -super re ne nimis, ne meam ipse συμπάθειαν iam evocem. - -Tu, si quid de Hispaniis certius et si quid aliud, dum adsumus, -scribes, et ego fortasse discedens dabo ad te aliquid, eo etiam magis, -quod Tullia te non putabat hoc tempore ex Italia. Cum Antonio item -est agendum ut cum Curione Melitae me velle esse, huic civili bello -nolle interesse. Eo velim tam facili uti possim et tam bono in me quam -Curione. Is ad Misenum VI Nonas venturus dicebatur, id est hodie. Sed -praemisit mihi odiosas litteras hoc exemplo: - - - - -VIIIa - -"ANTONIUS TRIB. PL. PRO PR. CICERONI IMP. SAL. - - -Nisi te valde amarem, et multo quidem plus, quam tu putas, non -extimuissem rumorem, qui de te prolatus est, cum praesertim falsum esse -existimarem. Sed, quia te nimio plus diligo, non possum dissimulare -mihi famam quoque, quamvis sit falsa, magni esse. Te iturum esse[143] -trans mare credere non possum, cum tanti facias Dolabellam et Tulliam -tuam, feminam - -[143] Te iturum esse _added by Baiter_. - - * * * * * - - Page 309 - -many kindnesses none has given me greater pleasure than your very -gracious and constant care of Tullia. She herself has been charmed and -I not less. She has shown admirable qualities, has borne the national -calamity and private worries with great fortitude and displayed it over -my departure. She loves me and sympathizes with me and yet wishes me to -act rightly and keep my good repute. But enough of this, lest I begin -to pity myself. - -If you get more certain tidings about Spain or any other matter, pray -write and tell me while I am here, and perhaps at the time of going I -may send you news, the more so because Tullia fancies that you are not -leaving Italy at the present moment. I must explain to Antony as I did -to Curio that I want to stay in Malta and refuse to take part in this -civil war. I only hope that I may find him as easy and good to me as I -found Curio. He will come it is said to Misenum on the second, that is -to-day; but he has sent in advance a nasty letter of which I subjoin a -copy: - - - - -VIIIa - -"ANTONIUS TRIBUNE PROPRAETOR GREETING TO CICERO IMPERATOR. - - -"Had I not a great affection for you, and much more than you think, I -should not have been alarmed at a report which has been spread about -you, especially as I thought it to be false. But, just because I like -you so very much, I cannot hide from myself that the report, although -it may be false, causes me great concern. That you are about to go over -seas I cannot believe, when you have such dear regard for Dolabella - - * * * * * - - Page 310 - -lectissimam, tantique ab omnibus nobis fias; quibus mehercule dignitas -amplitudoque tua paene carior est quam tibi ipsi. Sed tamen non sum -arbitratus esse amici non commoveri etiam improborum sermone, atque eo -feci studiosius, quod iudicabam duriores partes mihi impositas esse ob -offensione nostra, quac magis a ζηλοτυπίᾳ mea quam ab iniuria tua nata -est. Sic enim volo te tibi persuadere, mihi neminem esse cariorem te -excepto Caesare meo meque illud una indicare, Caesarem maxime in suis -M. Ciceronem reponere. Quare, mi Cicero, te rogo, ut tibi omina integra -serves, eius fidem improbes, qui tibi, ut beneficium daret, prius -iniuriam fecit, contra ne profugias, qui te, esti non amabit, quod -accidere non potest, tamen salvum amplissimumque esse cupiet. - -Dedita opera ad te Calpurnium, familiarissimum meum, misi, ut mihi -magnae curae tuam vitam ac dignitatem esse scires." - -Eodem die a Caesare Philotimus litteras attulit hoc exemplo: - - - - -VIIIb - -"CAESAR IMP. SAL. D. CICERONI IMP. - - -Etsi te nihil temere, nihil imprudenter facturum iudicaram, tamen -permotus hominum fama scribendum ad te existimavi, et pro nostra -benevolentia petendum, ne quo progredereris proclinata iam re, quo -integra - - * * * * * - - Page 311 - -and your daughter Tullia, that queen among women, and you are rated so -highly by all of us, who, I dare swear, care almost more than you do -for your dignity and position. However, I considered that it was no -part of a friend to be unmoved even when scoundrels talked, and I have -been more particular, because I thought that a harder task was laid -upon me by our disagreement, which sprang more from jealousy on my part -than from wrong on yours; for I want you to convince yourself that no -one is dearer to me than you, except Caesar, and at the same time I am -positive that Caesar reckons M. Cicero highly among his friends. So my -dear Cicero I beg you not to commit yourself and not to rely on the -honour of a man, who for the sake of conferring a kindness first did -you a harm, and on the other hand not to flee from a man, who although -he will not love you, which is out of the question, will always wish -you to be safe and in high distinction. - -"I have taken the trouble to send you Calpurnius, an intimate friend -of mine, that you may know I am greatly concerned for your life and -position." - -On the same day Philotimus brought me a letter from Caesar of which -this is a copy: - - - - -VIIIb - -"CAESAR IMPERATOR TO CICERO IMPERATOR, GREETING. - - -"Although I had concluded that you would do nothing rashly or -imprudently, nevertheless I have been so stirred by what people say -that I thought it best to write to you and ask you in the name of our -goodwill to each other not to go anywhere, now that fortune inclines my -way, where you did not think it - - * * * * * - - Page 312 - -etiam progrediendum tibi non existimasses. Namque et amicitiae -graviorem iniuriam feceris et tibi minus commode consulueris, si -non fortunae obsecutus videbere (omnia enim secundissima nobis, -adversissima illis accidisse videntur), nec causam secutus (eadem enim -tum fuit, cum ab eorum consiliis abesse iudicasti), sed meum aliquod -factum condemnavisse; quo mihi gravius abs te nil accidere potest. Quod -ne facias, pro iure nostrae amicitiae a te peto. Postremo quid viro -bono et quieto et bono civi magis convenit quam abesse a civilibus -controversiis? Quod non nulli cum probarent, periculi causa sequi non -potuerunt; tu explorato et vitae meae testimonio et amicitiae iudicio -neque tutius neque honestius reperies quicquam quam ab omni contentione -abesse. - -XV Kal. Maias ex itinere." - - - - -IX - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Cumano V Non. Mai. a. 705_] - -Adventus Philotimi (at cuius hominis, quam insulsi et quam saepe -pro Pompeio mentientis!) exanimavit omnes, qui mecum erant; -nam ipse obdurui. Dubitabat nostrum nemo, quin Caesar itinera -repressisset--volare dicitur; Petreius cum Afranio coniunxisset -se--nihil adfert eius modi. Quid quaeris? etiam illud erat persuasum, -Pompeium cum magnis copiis iter in - - * * * * * - - Page 313 - -necessary to go before anything was certain. For you will have done a -serious injury to our friendship and consulted your own interest very -little, if you show that you are not following fortune (for everything -that has happened seems most favourable to me and most unfavourable -to Pompey), nor yet following the right cause (for the cause was the -same then, when you thought fit to hold aloof from it), but that you -have condemned some act of mine, the greatest harm you could do me. -Do not take such a step, I pray you by the right of our friendship. -Finally what better befits a good and peaceful man and a loyal citizen -than to keep out of civil disturbance. There are some who approved -such a course, but could not follow it because of the danger. But -you may examine the evidence of my life and the opinion given by my -friendship[144]; you will find no safer or more honourable course than -to keep quite clear of the quarrel. - -[144] i.e. my decision to let you be neutral. It may, however, mean -"Your conviction of my friendship." - -"April 16 on the march." - - - - -IX - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cumae, May 3_, B.C. _49_] - -The arrival of Philotimus (what a fellow he is! how stupid! how often -he lies on Pompey's behalf!) has frightened the rest of us to death. -For myself I am hardened. None of us doubted that Caesar had checked -Pompey's progress: Philotimus says he is simply flying. Nobody doubted -that Petreius had joined Afranius: he brings no such news. In fact we -have all been sure that Pompey had actually made - - * * * * * - - Page 314 - -Germaniam per Illyricum fecisse; id enim αὐθεντικῶς nuntiabatur, -Melitam igitur, opinor, capessamus, dum, quid in Hispania. Quod quidem -prope modum videor ex Caesaris litteris ipsius voluntate facere posse, -qui negat neque honestius neque tutius mihi quicquam esse quam ab omni -contentione abesse. Dices: "Ubi ille ergo tuus animus, quem proximis -litteris?" Adest et idem est; sed utinam meo solum capite decernerem! -Lacrimae meorum me interdum molliunt precantium ut de Hispaniis -exspectemus. M. Caeli quidem epistulam scriptam miserabiliter, cum hoc -idem obsecraret, ut exspectarem, ne fortunas meas, ne unicum filium, -ne meos omnes tam temere proderem non sine magno fletu legerunt pueri -nostri. Etsi meus quidem est fortior, eoque ipso vehementius commovet, -nec quicquam nisi de dignatione laborat. - -Melitam igitur, deinde, quo videbitur. Tu tamen etiam nunc mihi aliquid -litterarum, et maxime, si quid ab Afranio. Ego, si cum Antonio locutus -ero, scribam ad te, quid actum sit. Ero tamen in credendo, ut mones, -cautus; nam occultandi ratio cum difficilis tum etiam periculosa est. -Servium exspecto ad Nonas, et adigit ita Postumia et Servius filius. -Quartanam leviorem esse gaudeo. Misi ad te Caeli etiam litterarum -exemplum. - - - - -IXa = ad fam. VIII 16. - -CAELIUS CICERONI SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Intimili XV K. Mai. a. 705_] - -Exanimatus tuis litteris, quibus te nihil nisi triste cogitare -ostendisti, neque, id quid esset, perscripsisti, - - * * * * * - - Page 315 - -his way with large forces into Germany through Illyricum, for that was -the news _sans doute_. So I think I must make for Malta, until there -is news from Spain. This from Caesar's letter I almost think I may do -without annoying him, for he says there is no more honourable or safe -course open to me than to keep quite clear of the fight. You will say -"Where then is your courage which you showed in recent letters?" It is -there and the same; but would that I had only to decide for myself. The -tears of my family at times weaken me, when they beg me to wait for -news about Spain. The miserable tone of M. Caelius' letter making this -same request that I should wait, not to risk so rashly my fortunes, my -only son and all my family, moved our boys to weeping; although my own -son is made of stronger stuff, and for that very reason he affects me -more deeply, thinking only of my reputation. - -So I shall go to Malta, thence where it seems good. Still even now send -me a line, especially if there is any news from Afranius. If I have an -interview with Antony, I will inform you of the result. However, as you -advise, I will take care how I trust him, for the policy of concealment -is hard and dangerous too. Servius Sulpicius I await till the 7th. Both -his wife Postumia and his son urge me to this. I rejoice that your ague -is better. I send you also a copy of Caelius' letter. - - - - -IXa - -CAELIUS TO CICERO, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Intimile, Apr. 16_, B.C. _49_] - -In my dismay at your letter, in which you show that your thoughts are -set on some unhappy act - - * * * * * - - Page 316 - -neque non tamen, quale esset, quod cogitates, aperuisti, has ad -te ilico litteras scripsi. Per fortunas tuas, Cicero, per liberos -te oro et obsecro, ne quid gravius de salute et incolumitate tua -consulas. Nam deos hominesque amicitiamque nostram testificor me tibi -praedixisse neque temere monuisse, sed, postquam Caesarem convenerim -sententiamque eius, qualis futura esset parta victoria, cognorim, -te certiorem fecisse. Si existimas eandem rationem fore Caesaris in -dimittendis adversariis et condicionibus ferendis, erras; nihil nisi -atrox et saevum cogitat atque etiam loquitur; iratus senatui exiit, his -intercessionibus plane incitatus est; non mehercules erit deprecationi -locus. Quare, si tibi tu, si filius unicus, si domus, si spes tuae -reliquae tibi carae sunt, si aliquid apud te nos, si vir optimus, -gener tuus, valemus, quorum fortunam non debes velle conturbare, noli -committere,[145] ut eam causam, in cuius victoria salus nostra est, -odisse aut relinquere cogamur, aut impiam cupiditatem contra salutem -tuam habeamus. Denique illud cogita, quod offensae fuerit in ista -cunctatione, te subisse. Nunc te contra victorem Caesarem facere, -quem dubiis rebus laedere noluisti, et ad eos fugatos accedere, quos -resistentes sequi nolueris, summae stultitiae est. Vide, ne, dum -pudet te parum optimatem esse, parum diligenter, quid optimum sit, -eligas. Quod si totum tibi persuadere non possum, saltem, dum, quid de -Hispaniis agamus, scitur, - -[145] noli committere _added by Lehmann_. - - * * * * * - - Page 317 - -without saying exactly what it is, though you disclose sufficiently -what kind of an act it is, I write this on the spot. In the name of -your fortunes and your children, I beg and beseech you, Cicero, not to -take any step that may endanger your life and safety. For I call gods -and men and our friendship to witness that I told you before, and that -it was no casual warning that I gave you, but certain information, -after I had met Caesar and found out what his view would be, if he won -the victory. If you imagine that he will maintain his present policy of -letting his adversaries go and making peace, you are mistaken; he is -meditating and even proclaiming nothing but cruelty and severity. He -left Rome in anger with the Senate: these recent vetoes have clearly -provoked him: you may take my word for it there will be no chance -of begging off. Then, if you have any care for yourself, your only -son, your house and what hopes you have left, if I and your excellent -son-in-law have any influence with you--and you ought not to wish to -spoil our fortunes--then do not compel us to hate or relinquish a -cause, in whose victory our safety lies, or to harbour unnatural wishes -for your destruction. Finally consider this: any offence there may -have been in your hesitation, you have already given. Now it is the -height of folly to side against Caesar in his hour of victory, when you -refused to attack him while his fortunes were doubtful; and to join in -the flight of those, whom you would not follow when they stood their -ground. Beware lest for fear of showing too little zeal for the "better -party," you use too little care in choosing the better course. But, if -I cannot persuade you entirely, at least wait till it is known how we -get on in Spain, - - * * * * * - - Page 318 - -exspecta; quas tibi nuntio adventu Caesaris fore nostras. Quam isti -spem habeant amissis Hispaniis, nescio; quod porro tuum consilium sit -ad desperatos accedere, non medius fidius reperio. - -Hoc, quod tu non dicendo mihi significasti, Caesar audierat, ac, simul -atque "have" mihi dixit, statim, quid de te audisset, exposuit. Negavi -me scire, sed tamen ab eo petivi, ut ad te litteras mitteret, quibus -maxime ad remanendum commoveri posses. Me secum in Hispaniam ducit. -Nam, nisi ita faceret, ego, priusquam ad urbem accederem, ubicumque -esses, ad te percucurrissem, et hoc a te praesens contendissem atque -omni vi te retinuissem. Etiam atque etiam, Cicero, cogita, ne te -tuosque omnis funditus evertas, ne te sciens prudensque eo demittas, -unde exitum vides nullum esse. Quodsi te aut voces optimatium -commovent, aut non nullorum hominum insolentiam et iactationem -ferre non potes, eligas censeo aliquod oppidum vacuum a bello, dum -haec decernuntur; quae iam erunt confecta. Id si feceris, et ego te -sapienter fecisse iudicabo, et Caesarem non offendes. - - - - -X - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Cumano V Non. Mai. a. 705_] - -Me caecum, qui haec ante non viderim! Misi ad te epistulam Antoni. -Ei cum ego saepissime scripsissem nihil me contra Caesaris rationes -cogitare, meminisse me generi mei, meminisse amicitiae, potuisse, - - * * * * * - - Page 319 - -which I assure you will be ours as soon as Caesar arrives. What your -friends' hopes are, when they have lost Spain, is more than I know; and -what your idea is in joining them, when they have no hopes, is more -than I can imagine. - -What you hinted at without speaking plainly, Caesar had heard, and -as soon as ever he had said "good day," he told me what he had heard -about you. I said I knew nothing about it: but I asked him to send you -a letter as the best means of inducing you to stay. He is taking me -with him to Spain. If he were not, I should have hurried to you, before -going to Rome, wherever you might have been, and should have pressed -this view on you personally and done all in my power to restrain you. -Once more and yet once more, Cicero, think before you utterly destroy -yourself and all your family: do not wittingly and with your eyes open -put yourself in a position from which you see there is no escape. But, -if you are moved by the call of the conservative party, or if you -cannot endure the insolence and arrogant behaviour of certain persons, -I think you should choose some town remote from the war, until the -matter is settled: and settled it will be at once. If you do that, I -shall consider you have acted wisely, and Caesar will not be offended. - - - - -X - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cumae, May 3_, B.C. _49_] - -How blind I am not to have foreseen it! I send you Antony's letter. -I have often written to him that I planned nothing against Caesar's -policy, that I was mindful of my son-in-law, of our friendship, - - * * * * * - - Page 320 - -si aliter sentirem, esse cum Pompeio; me autem, quia cum lictoribus -invitus cursarem, abesse velle, nec id ipsum certum etiam nunc habere, -vide, quam ad haec παραινετικῶς: - -"Tuum consilium quam verum est. Nam, qui se medium esse vult, in -patria manet, qui proficiscitur, aliquid de altera utra parte -iudicare videtur. Sed ego is non sum, qui statuere debeam, iure quis -proficiscatur necne; partes mihi Caesar has imposuit, ne quem omnino -discedere ex Italia paterer. Quare parvi refert me probare cogitationem -tuam, si nihil tamen tibi remittere possum. Ad Caesarem mittas censeo -et ab eo hoc petas. Non dubito, quin impetraturus sis, cum praesertim -te amicitiae nostrae rationem habiturum esse pollicearis." - -Habes σκυτάλην Λακωνικήν. Omnino excipiam hominem. Erat autem v Nonas -venturus vesperi, id est hodie. Cras igitur ad me fortasse veniet. -Temptabo, audiam: nihil properare; missurum ad Caesarem. Clam agam, cum -paucissimis alicubi occultabor, certe hinc istis invitissimis evolabo, -atque utinam ad Curionem! Σύνες ὅ τοι λέγω. Magnus dolor accessit. -Efficietur aliquid dignum nobis. - -Δυσουρία tua mihi valde molesta. Medere, amabo, - - * * * * * - - Page 321 - -that, if I had thought otherwise, I could have been with Pompey, that -I wished to leave Italy because I was loth to wander about with my -lictors, though I had not made up my mind definitely even to that. See -in what an _ex cathedra_ tone he answers me:--"Your policy is quite -right. For a man who wishes to be neutral remains in his country; the -man who leaves his country seems to express his conviction on one side -or the other; but it is not for me to determine, whether anyone has -the right to leave or not. The part Caesar has given me is not to let -anyone at all leave Italy; so it is of little use for me to approve -your plan, if all the same I cannot make an exception for you. I think -you should send to Caesar and ask him this favour. I have no doubt -that you will succeed, especially as you promise not to forget our -friendship." - -That is a laconic epistle.[146] I will certainly take my cue from the -man. He is to come on the evening of the 3rd, that is to-day. To-morrow -therefore he will perhaps come to me. I will sound him: I will hear -him: say I am in no hurry: that I will send to Caesar. I will act -secretly, with a very few attendants I will lie hidden somewhere; but -assuredly, however unwilling these people are, I will fly off; and -would that it may be to Curio! "Mark what I say."[147] Another great -grief has come upon me. I will do something worthy of my reputation. - -[146] Lit. "Laconian staff." Spartan dispatches were wound round a -staff in such a way that they could not be read when taken off it. -Here, however, Cicero only refers to their brevity. - -[147] Probably a quotation from Pindar, _Frag._ 105. - -Your malady gives me grave anxiety. I pray you - - * * * * * - - Page 322 - -dum est ἀρχή. De Massiliensibus gratae tuae mihi litterae. Quaeso, -ut sciam, quicquid audieris. Ocellam cuperem, si possem palam, quod -a Curione effeceram, Hic ego Servium exspecto; rogor enim ab eius -uxore et filio, et puto opus esse. Hic tamen Cytherida secum lectica -aperta portat, alteram uxorem. Septem praeterea coniunctae lecticae -amicarum sunt an amicorum. Vide, quam turpi leto pereamus, et dubita, -si potes, quin ille, seu victus seu victor redierit, caedem facturus -sit. Ego vero vel luntriculo, si navis non erit, eripiam me ex istorum -parricidio. Sed plura scribam, cum illum convenero. - -Iuvenem nostrum non possum non amare, sed ab eo nos non amari plane -intellego. Nihil ego vidi tam ἀνηθοποίητον, tam aversum a suis, tam -nescio quid cogitans. O vim incredibilem molestiarum! Sed erit curae, -et est, ut regatur. Mirum est enim ingenium, ἤθους ἐπιμελητέον. - - - - -XI - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Cumano IV Non. Mai. a 705_] - -Obsignata iam epistula superiore, non placuit ei dari, cui -constitueram, quod erat alienus. Itaque eo die data non est. Interim -venit Philotimus et mihi - - * * * * * - - Page 323 - -get medical advice in its initial stage. Your letter about the -Massilians[148] pleased me. Let me know whatever you hear. I should -have liked to have Ocella, if it could be done openly, and I had got -Curio to allow it. Here I am awaiting Servius Sulpicius, for it is at -the request of his wife and son, and I think it is necessary. Antony -carries about Cytheris[149] with him in an open litter as his second -wife, and besides he had seven other litters of friends male or female. -See what a disgraceful death we die, and doubt, if you can, that, -whether Caesar returns victor or vanquished, he will perpetrate a -massacre. Even in an open boat, if I cannot get a vessel, I will tear -myself away from these parricides and their doings. But I will write -more when I have met him. - -[148] They had shut their gates to Caesar and were being besieged. - -[149] An actress. - -My nephew I cannot but love, though I see clearly that he has no -affection for me. I never saw anyone so unprincipled, so averse to his -own relations, with such mysterious plans. What a weight of anxiety! -But it will be my business, as it is now, to discipline him: he has -wonderful ability, but his character requires training. - - - - -XI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cumae, May 4_, B.C. _49_] - -After sealing my former letter, I did not feel inclined to hand it to -the person that I had intended, as he was a stranger; so it was not -despatched on that day. Meantime Philotimus came and gave me - - * * * * * - - Page 324 - -a te litteras reddidit. Quibus quae de fratre meo scribis, sunt ea -quidem parum firma, se habent nihil ὕπουλον, nihil fallax, nihil non -flexibile ad bonitatem, nihil, quod non, quo velis, uno sermone possis -perducere; ne multa, omnes suos, etiam quibus irascitur crebrius, tamen -caros habet, me quidem se ipso cariorem. Quod de puero aliter ad te -scripsit et ad matrem de filo, non reprehendo. De itinere[150] et de -sorore quae scribis, molesta sunt, eoque magis, quod ea tempora nostra -sunt, ut ego iis mederi non possim. Nam certe mederer; sed, quibus in -malis et qua in desperatione rerum simus, vides. - -[150] itinere _most editors_: itine _MZ_: Quinto _Tyrrell_. - -Illa de ratione nummaria non sunt eius modi (saepe enim audio ex ipso), -ut non cupiat tibi praestare et in eo laboret. Sed, si mihi Q. Axius -in hac mea fuga HS X̅I̅I̅I̅ non reddit, quae dedi eius filio mutua, et -utitur excusatione temporis, si Lepta, si ceteri, soleo mirari, de -nescio quis HS X̅X̅ cum audio ex illo se urgeri. Vides enim profecto -angustias. Curari tamen ea tibi utique iubet. An existimas illum in -isto genere lentulum aut restrictum? Nemo est minus. De fratre satis. - -De eius iuvene filio, indulsit illi quidem suus pater semper, sed non -facit indulgentia mendacem aut avarum aut non amantem suorum, ferocem -fortasse atque arrogantem et infestum facit. Itaque habet haec quoque, -quae nascuntur ex indulgentia, sed ea sunt tolerabilia (quid enim -dicam?) hac inventute; ea vero, - - * * * * * - - Page 325 - -a letter from you. The conduct of my brother about which you write -shows little firmness, but no chicanery, no treachery, nothing -inflexibly opposed to goodness, nothing that cannot be turned where you -will by a single conversation. In short all his relations, even those -with whom he is so often angry, are nevertheless dear to him, and I -to be sure am dearer than life. I do not blame him for writing in one -strain about his boy to you and in another to the boy's mother. I am -distressed by what you say about the journey and your sister, and the -more so because the times are such that I cannot remedy the matter. For -certainly I would have done so: but you see in what trouble I am, what -desperation. - -[Sidenote: 13,000 sesterces] - -[Sidenote: 20,000 sesterces] - -As for his financial affairs, I often hear from him, and they are -not in such a state as to prevent him from being anxious to pay you -and from making efforts to that end: but if Q. Axius does not pay me -in this my flight the £100 I lent his son, and pleads in excuse the -state of the times, and if Lepta and others do the same, I confess I -am always surprised to hear from Quintus that he is pressed for some -£175. For of course you see his straits. However he has ordered the -sum to be paid to your account. Perhaps you suppose that he is slow or -close-fisted in money matters. No one is less so: but enough about my -brother. - -As for his son, the father has certainly always indulged him; but -indulgence does not make him a liar or a miser or disloyal to his -friends, though it does perhaps make him surly, haughty and aggressive. -Accordingly he has these defects which are due to spoiling; but they -are not intolerable, shall I say, as young men go nowadays. But the -defects which, to - - * * * * * - - Page 326 - -quae mihi quidem, qui illum amo, sunt his ipsis malis, in quis sumus, -miseriora, non sunt ab obsequio nostro. Nam suas radices habent; -quas tamen evellerem profecto, si liceret. Sed ea tempora sunt, ut -omnia mihi sint patienda. Ego meum facile teneo; nihil est enim eo -tractabilius. Cuius quidem misericordia languidiora adhuc consilia -cepi, et, quo ille me certiorem vult esse, eo magis timeo, ne in eum -exsistam crudelior. - -Sed Antonius venit heri vesperi. Iam fortasse ad me veniet, aut ne id -quidem, quoniam scripsit, quid fieri vellet. Sed scies continuo, quid -actum sit. Nos iam nihil nisi occulte. - -De pueris quid agam? parvone navigio committam? Quid mihi animi in -navigando censes fore? Recordor enim, aestate cum illis illo Rhodiorum -ἀφράκτῳ navigans quam fuerim sollicitus; quid duro tempore anni -actuariola fore censes? O rem undique miseram! - -Trebatius erat mecum, vir plane et civis bonus. Quae ille monstra, di -immortales! Etiamne Balbus in senatum venire cogitet? Sed ei ipsi cras -ad te litteras dabo. Vettienum mihi amicum, ut scribis, ita puto esse. -Cum eo, quod ἀποτόμως ad me scripserat de nummis curandis, θυμικώτερον -eram iocatus. Id tu, si ille aliter acceperit ac debuit, lenies. -"MONETALI" autem adscripsi, quod ille ad me "PRO COS." Sed, quoniam est -homo et nos diligit, ipse quoque a nobis diligatur. Vale. - - * * * * * - - Page 327 - -me at any rate who love him, are more distressing than even the evils -on which we have fallen, do not proceed from any indulgence of mine; -for they are deep rooted: but I would have rooted them up, had I -been allowed. But the times are such that I must bear everything. My -own son I control easily. He is quite tractable. My own policy has -lacked vigour owing to my pity for him; and the more he wants me to be -unflinching, the more I fear I may prove cruel to him. - -Well Antony came yesterday evening; soon perhaps he will visit me, -perhaps not even that, as he has written what he wanted done; but you -shall know forthwith what has happened. All I do now is done secretly. - -What shall I do about the boys? Shall I entrust them to a small boat? -What courage do you suppose I shall have on the voyage? For I remember -sailing in the summer in an open Rhodian boat with them and how anxious -I was; and how do you suppose it will be in the bad season in a tiny -pinnace? Misery everywhere! - -Trebatius is with me, a real man and a loyal citizen. Ye gods, what -awful news he brings! So even Balbus is thinking of attending the -Senate! But I will give Trebatius himself a letter for you to-morrow. I -agree with your letter that Vettienus is friendly to me. But I made a -rather bitter jest at his expense, because he wrote curtly to me about -paying my debt. Appease him, if he took it in bad part. I addressed -him by his title "commissioner of the mint" because he addressed me as -"proconsul." But since he is a good man and has affection for me, let -me keep my affection for him. Farewell. - - * * * * * - - Page 328 - - - - -XII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Cumano III Non. Mai. a. 705_] - -Quidnam mihi futurum est, aut quis me non solum infelicior, sed iam -etiam turpior? Nominatim de me sibi imperatum dicit Antonius, nec me -tamen ipse adhuc viderat, sed hoc Trebatio narravit. Quid agam nunc, -cui nihil procedit, caduntque ea, quae diligentissime sunt cogitata, -taeterrime? Ego enim Curionem nactus omnia me consecutum putavi. Is -de me ad Hortensium scripserat. Reginus erat totus noster. Huic nihil -suspicabamur cum hoc mari negotii fore. Quo me nunc vertam? Undique -custodior. Sed satis lacrimis. Παρακλεπτέον igitur et occulte in -aliquam onerariam corrependum, non committendum, ut etiam compacto -prohibiti videamur. Sicilia petenda. Quam si erimus nacti, maiora -quaedam consequemur. Sit modo recte in Hispaniis! Quamquam de ipsa -Sicilia utinam sit verum! Sed adhuc nihil secundi. Concursus Siculorum -ad Catonem dicitur factus, orasse, ut resisteret, omnia pollicitos; -commotum illum dilectum habere coepisse. Non credo, ut est luculentus -auctor. Potuisse certe teneri illam provinciam scio. Ab Hispaniis autem -iam audietur. - -Hic nos C. Marcellum habemus, eadem vere cogitantem aut bene -simulantem; quamquam ipsum non videram, sed ex familiarissimo eius -audiebam. Tu, quaeso, si quid habebis novi; ego, si quid moliti erimus, -ad te statim scribam. Quintum filium severius - - * * * * * - - Page 329 - - - - -XII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cumae, May 5_, B.C. _49_] - -What is to happen to me? Who is there more ill-starred, or even more -humiliated? Antony says he has received orders about me definitely. Yet -I have not seen him myself so far; but he told Trebatius. What can I -do now? Nothing succeeds and all my best laid plans fail abominably. -For, when I had won over Curio, I imagined I had attained my end. He -had written about me to Hortensius. Reginus was wholly my friend. I -never suspected that Antony had anything to do with this part of the -sea. Whither can I turn now? Everywhere I am watched. But enough of -lamentation. I must steal away and creep privily into some cargo boat; -I must not allow it to appear that I connive at being hindered. I must -go to Sicily. If I once get there, I shall have greater ends in view. -If only all goes well in Spain! However, I do hope the news about -Sicily may prove true! Hitherto I have had no luck. It is said the -Sicilians have gathered round Cato, prayed him to resist and promised -every support: and that he has been induced to begin making a levy. I -don't believe it, good as the authority is. I know for a fact that that -province could have been held. But we shall soon hear from Spain. - -Here I have C. Marcellus, who holds the same views as myself or makes a -good pretence of doing so. I have not indeed met him myself; but I hear -it from one of his most intimate friends. Write to me, if you have any -news. If I attempt anything, I shall inform you at once. Young Quintus -I shall handle - - * * * * * - - Page 330 - -adhibebo. Utinam proficere possim! Tu tamen eas epistulas, quibus -asperius de eo scripsi, aliquando concerpito, ne quando quid emanet; -ego item tuas. Servium exspecto, nec ab eo quicquam ὑγιές. Scies, -quicquid erit. - - - - -XIIa - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Cumano prid. Non. Mai. a. 705_] - -Sine dubio errasse nos confitendum est. "At semel, at una in re." Immo -omnia quo diligentius cogitata eo facta sunt imprudentius. - -Ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν προτετύχθαι ἐάσομεν ἀχνύμενοί περ, in reliquis modo ne -ruamus. Iubes de profectione me providere. Quid provideam? Ita patent -omnia, quae accidere possunt, ut, ea si vitem, sedendum sit cum -dedecore et dolore, si neglegam, periculum sit, ne in manus incidam -perditorum. Sed vide, quantis in miseriis simus. Optandum interdum -videtur, ut aliquam accipiamus ab istis quamvis acerbam iniuriam, ut -tyranno in odio fuisse videamur. Quodsi nobis is cursus, quem speraram, -pateret, effecissem aliquid profecto, ut tu optas et hortaris, dignum -nostra mora. Sed mirificae sunt custodiae, et quidem ille ipse Curio -suspectus. Quare vi aut clam agendum est et, si vi, fortiter cum -tempestate.[151] Clam autem istis? In quo si quod σφάλμα, vides, quam -turpe sit. Trahimur, nec fugiendum, si quid violentius. - -[151] et si vi forte ne cum pestate _M_: et si vi forte et cum -tempestate _Ant._, _F._ _I have adopted Orelli's reading; but it is -very uncertain._ - - * * * * * - - Page 331 - -with severity. I hope my efforts may succeed. But please some time tear -up the letters in which I criticize him severely, for fear anything -ever come to light. I will tear up yours. Servius Sulpicius I am still -awaiting, nor do I hear anything satisfactory from him. You shall know -whatever happens. - - - - -XIIa - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cumae, May 6_, B.C. _49_] - -Undoubtedly I must admit I have been mistaken. But is it once only or -on one topic? No, in everything. The more carefully I have thought, the -less wisely have I done. "Let bygones be bygones."[152] In the future -only let us not invite disaster. You bid me provide for my journey. -What can I provide? All the possible accidents are so obvious, that, -if I would shun them, I must sit still in shame and grief: and, if I -disregard them, it is odds that I fall into the hands of villains. But -see how miserable I am. Sometimes it seems preferable that I should -receive some damage however bitter from Caesar's party, that people -may see I am hated by the tyrant. But, if the voyage for which I hoped -were open to me, certainly, as you wish and advise, I should have done -something to justify delay. But I am watched with extraordinary care -and even Curio is suspect. So I must make a bold move or use craft. If -a bold move, I need good weather: but, if craft, should there be any -_faux pas_, you see how disgraced I should be. I am carried away by -circumstances and must not be afraid of a bold course. - -[152] Iliad xvii, 112, "But what is past though grieved we will let be." - - * * * * * - - Page 332 - - -De Caelio saepe mecum agito nec, si quid habuero tale, dimittam. -Hispanias spero firmas esse. Massiliensium factum cum ipsum per se -luculentum est, tum mihi argumento est recte esse in Hispaniis. Minus -enim auderent, si aliter esset, et scirent; nam et vicini et diligentes -sunt. Odium autem recte animadvertis significatum in theatro. Legiones -etiam has, quas in Italia assumpsit, alienissimas esse video. Sed -tamen nihil inimicius quam sibi ipse. Illud recte times, ne ruat. Si -desperarit, certe ruet. Quo magis efficiendum aliquid est, fortuna -velim meliore, animo Caeliano. Sed primum quidque. Quod qualecumque -erit, continuo scies. Nos iuveni, ut rogas, suppeditabimus et -Peloponnesum ipsam sustinebimus. Est enim indoles, modo aliquod hoc sit -ἦθος ΑΚΙΜΟΑΟΝ.[153] Quod si adhuc nullum est, esse tamen potest, aut -ἀρετὴ non est διδακτόν, quod mihi persuaderi non potest. - -[153] _The text here is corrupt and no convincing emendation has been -suggested._ - - - - -XIII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Cumano Non. Mai. a. 705_] - -Epistula tua gratissima fuit meae Tulliae et me hercule mihi. Semper -speculam aliquam adferunt tuae litterae. Scribes igitur, ac, si quid ad -spem poteris, ne dimiseris. Tu Antoni leones pertimescas cave. Nihil -est illo homine iucundius. Attende πρᾶξιν πολιτικοῦ. - - * * * * * - - Page 333 - - -I often reflect about Caelius; and if I have such an opportunity, I -will not let it go. I hope Spain is safe. The action of the Massilians -is praiseworthy in itself, and is a proof to me that things are going -well in Spain. They would have been less bold, if it were otherwise, -and they should know, for they live near and are watchful. You are -right to remark the expression of popular feeling in the theatre. Even -the legions which Caesar got in Italy seem to me to be very disloyal -to him. However he is his own worst enemy. You are right to fear that -he may run amuck. Assuredly he will, if he loses hope. That is all the -more inducement for me to do something in the spirit of Caelius, and -I hope with better luck. But everything in due course; and, whatever -it be, I will inform you forthwith. I will do all for young Quintus -that is necessary, and will undertake the task not only of Arcadia but -of the whole Peloponnese.[154] He is able, if only he had character. -However, if he has none so far, he may get it, or virtue is not -teachable, and that I can never believe. - -[154] Cf. x, 5. - - - - -XIII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cumae, May 7_, B.C. _49_] - -Your letter was very pleasing to my daughter and of course to me, for -your correspondence always brings a gleam of hope. So please write, -and, if you can be hopeful, don't fail to be so. Don't be too much -afraid of Antony's lions.[155] He is a jovial fellow. Just hear - -[155] Plutarch and Pliny state that after Pharsalia Antony had a -chariot drawn by lions: but from this passage it appears that the story -was current earlier. - - * * * * * - - Page 334 - -Evocavit litteris e municipiis decem primos et IIII viros. Venerunt ad -villam eius mane. Primum dormiit ad h. III, deinde, cum esset nuntiatum -venisse Neapolitanos et Cumanos (his enim est Caesar iratus), postridie -redire iussit; lavari se velle et περὶ κοιλιολυσίαν γίνεσθαι. Hoc here -effecit. Hodie autem in Aenariam transire constituit. Exsulibus reditum -pollicetur. - -Sed haec omittamus, de nobis aliquid agamas. A Q. Axio accepi litteras. -De Tirone gratum. Vettienum diligo. Vestorio reddidi. Servius pr. -Nonas Maias Menturnis mansisse dicitur, hodie in Liternino mansurus -apud C. Marcellum. Cras igitur nos mature videbit mihique dabit -argumentum ad te epistulae. Iam enim non reperio, quod tibi scribam. -Illud admiror, quod Antonius ad me ne nuntium quidem, cum praesertim me -valde observarit. Videlicet aliquid atrocius de me imperatum est. Coram -negare mihi non vult, quod ego nec rogaturus eram nec, si impetrassem, -crediturus. Nos tamen aliquid excogitabimus. Tu, quaeso, si quid in -Hispaniis. Iam enim poterit audiri, et omnes ita exspectant, ut, si -recte fuerit, nihil negotii futurum putent. Ego autem nec retentis iis -confectam rem puto, neque amissis desperatam. Silium et Ocellam et -ceteros credo retardatos. Te quoque a Curtio impediri video. Etsi, ut -opinor, habes ἔκπλουν.[156] - -[156] ἔκπλουν _Baiter_: εκιταονον _MSS._ - - * * * * * - - Page 335 - -how he plays the statesman. He summoned by letter ten leading men and -the board of four from the municipal towns. They came to his country -house in the morning. First he slept till nine. Then, when he heard the -men had come from Naples and Cumae (for Caesar is angry with them), -he bade them return on the next day, saying that he wished to take a -bath and a laxative. This he did yesterday. But to-day he has arranged -to cross to Aenaria. He is promising the exiles[157] that they shall -return. - -[157] Banished under Pompey's law _de ambitu_ in 52 B.C. - -But let us pass over this and talk about ourselves. I got a letter -from Q. Axius. As for Tiro, thanks. I like Vettienus. I have repaid -Vestorius. Servius is said to have stopped at Menturnae on the 6th of -May. To-day he will stop with C. Marcellus in his villa at Liternum. -To-morrow early he will see me, and will give me a subject for a letter -to you. Just now I can find nothing to write. I am much astonished that -Antony has not even sent a messenger to me, especially when he has paid -me much attention. I suppose he has some more truculent order about me. -He does not wish to refuse me to my face, but I was not going to ask -the favour, nor, if I had got it, should I have believed him. However -I will think out some plan. Let me know if anything has happened in -Spain; for now there is time for news to have come, and everybody -awaits it with the idea, that, if all go well there, there will be no -more trouble. But I do not think the business is over, if Spain be -kept, nor yet hopeless, if it be lost. Silius and Ocella and the rest -I suppose are detained. I see that you too are hindered by Curtius, -though I think you have a passport. - - * * * * * - - Page 336 - - - - -XIV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Cumano VIII Id. Mai. a. 705_] - -O vitam miseram, maiusque malum tam diu timere, quam est illud ipsum, -quod timetur! Servius, ut antea scripsi, cum venisset Nonis Maiis, -postridie ad me mane venit. Ne diutius te teneam, nullius consilii -exitum invenimus. Numquam vidi hominem perturbatiorem metu; neque -hercule quicquam timebat, quod non esset timendum; illum sibi iratum, -hunc non amicum; horribilem utriusque victoriam, cum propter alterius -crudelitatem, alterius audaciam tum propter utriusque difficultatem -pecuniariam; quae erui nusquam nisi ex privatorum bonis posset. -Atque haec ita multis cum lacrimis loquebatur, ut ego mirarer eas -tam diuturna miseria non exaruisse. Mihi quidem etiam lippitudo -haec, propter quam non ipse ad te scribo, sine ulla lacrima est, sed -saepius odiosa est propter vigilias. Quam ob rem, quicquid habes ad -consolandum, collige et illa scribe, non ex doctrina neque ex libris -(nam id quidem domi est, sed nescio quo modo imbecillior est medicina -quam morbus), haec potius conquire de Hispaniis, de Massilia; quae -quidem satis bella Servius adfert; qui etiam de duabus legionibus -luculentos auctores esse dicebat. Haec igitur, si habebis, et talia. Et -quidem paucis diebus aliquid audiri necesse est. - -Sed redeo ad Servium. Distulimus omnino sermonem in posterum, sed -tardus ad exeundum "multo se - - * * * * * - - Page 337 - - - - -XIV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cumae, May 8_, B.C. _49_] - -What a wretched life this is! and to be so long afraid is more wretched -than the very thing one fears! Servius, as I told you before, came -on the 7th of May and on the next morning visited me. Not to detain -you longer, we could not see our way to a plan. Never have I seen a -man more upset with fear; and upon my soul he feared nothing that did -not deserve to be feared. He pointed out that Pompey was angry with -him, that Caesar was not friendly, that the victory of either would -be terrible, both because Pompey was cruel and Caesar daring, and -because of their money difficulties, which could only be got rid of by -an attack on private property. He bewailed all this with such a flood -of tears, that I was surprised they had not dried up in all that long -time of misery. My own eyes do not shed one single tear, though this -inflammation prevents me from writing to you; but it is often tiresome -by keeping me awake. So please collect all the consolation you can and -send it to me--not from philosophy or books--I have plenty of that, but -I find somehow that the cure is too weak for the disease. Search rather -for any news about Spain or Massilia. What Servius says about them is -quite satisfactory, and he also tells me there is excellent authority -for the story of the two legions. News of this kind then send me, if -you get it, and such like topics. Anyhow in a few days something must -be heard. - -But to return to Servius. We deferred all our conversation to the next -day: but he is reluctant to leave Italy, declaring he would much rather -die in - - * * * * * - - Page 338 - -in suo lectulo malle, quicquid foret." Odiosus scrupulus de filii -militia Brundisina. Unum illud firmissime adseverabat, si damnati -restituerentur, in exsilium se iturum. Nos autem ad haec "et id -ipsum certo fore, et, quae iam fierent, non esse leviora," multaque -colligebamus. Verum ea non animum eius augebant, sed timorem, ut iam -celandus magis de nostro consilio quam adhibendus videretur. Quare in -hoc non multum est. Nos a te admoniti de Caelio cogitabimus. - - - - -XV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Cumano IV Id. Mai. a. 705_] - -Servius cum esset apud me, Cephalio cum tuis litteris VI Idus venit; -quae nobis magnam spem attulerunt meliorum rerum de octo cohortibus. -Etenim eae quoque, quae in his locis sunt, labare dicuntur. Eodem -die Funisulanus a te attulit litteras, in quibus erat confirmatius -idem illud. Ei de suo negotio respondi cumulate cum omni tua gratia. -Adhuc non satis faciebat; debet autem mihi multos nummos nec habetur -locuples. Nunc ait se daturum; cui expensum tulerit, morari; -tabellariis, si apud te esset qua satis fecisset, dares. Quantum sit, -Eros Philotimi tibi dicet. Sed ad maiora redeamus. - -Quod optas, Caelianum illud maturescit. Itaque torqueor, utrum ventum -exspectem. Vexillo opus est; convolabunt. Quod suades, ut palam, -prorsus adsentior, itaque me profecturum puto. Tuas tamen - - * * * * * - - Page 339 - -his bed whatever happens. He has unpleasant scruples about his son's -military service at Brundisium. On one point he is quite firm, that, -if the condemned are restored, he will go into exile. I for my part -replied "that will certainly happen, and what is happening is equally -disagreeable," and I quoted many examples. My examples however did not -increase his courage but his fear: so that it appears I must rather -conceal from him my design than invite him to share it. He is not to be -depended on. By your advice I will consider about Caelius. - - - - -XV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cumae, May 12_, B.C. _49_] - -While Servius was with me, Cephalio came with your letter of the 10th, -which gave me great hope of better news about the eight cohorts. For -even the cohorts which are here are said to be wavering. On the same -day Funisulanus brought me a letter from you, corroborating the same -news. I gave him a full reply about his business, explaining all your -kindness. Hitherto he has not been satisfactory; and he owes me a large -sum and is not considered safe. Now he says that he will settle; but -that a debtor of his was slow in paying, and that you are to pay the -money by your letter-carriers, if that debtor has deposited it with -you. The amount Philotimus' man Eros will tell you. But to return to -more important matters. - -That Caelian plan you favour is coming to a head: so I am worried -whether to await a favourable wind. It is a standard we want, and men -will flock to it. With your advice, that I should set sail openly, I -entirely agree: and so I think I will set out. However - - * * * * * - - Page 340 - -interim litteras exspecto. Servi consilio nihil, expeditur. Omnes -captiones in omni sententia occurrunt. Unum C. Marcellum cognovi -timidiorem; quem consulem fuisse paenitet. Ὢ πολλῆς ἀγεννείας! qui -etiam Antonium confirmasse dicitur, ut me impediret, quo ipse, credo, -honestius. Antonius autem VI Idus Capuam profectus est. Ad me misit, se -pudore deterritum ad me non venisse, quod me sibi suscensere putaret. -Ibitur igitur et ita quidem, ut censes, nisi cuius gravioris personae -suscipiendae spes erit ante oblata. Sed vix erit tam cito. Allienus -autem praetor putabat aliquem, si ego non, ex collegis suis. Quivis -licet, dum modo aliquis. - -De sorore laudo. De Quinto puero datur opera; spero esse meliora. De -Quinto fratre scito eum non mediocriter laborare de versura, sed adhuc -nihil a L. Egnatio expressit. Axius de duodecim milibus pudens! Saepe -enim ad me scripsit, ut Gallio, quantum is vellet, darem. Quodsi non -scripsisset, possemne aliter? Et quidem saepe sum pollicitus, sed -tantum voluit cito. Me vero adiuvarent his in angustiis. Sed di istos! -Verum alias. Te a quartana liberatum gaudeo itemque Piliam. Ego, dum -panis et cetera in navem parantur, excurro in Pompeianum. Vettieno -velim gratias, quod studiosus sit; si quemquam nanctus eris, qui -perferat, litteras des, antequam discedimus. - - * * * * * - - Page 341 - -I await a letter from you meanwhile. Servius' advice has not been -helpful. All sorts of bars meet us in every opinion he expresses. Only -one man, C. Marcellus, have I known to be more timid, and he is sorry -he was ever a consul. What a lowborn spirit! He is said even to have -strengthened Antony's resolution to prevent my departure: so that his -own conduct I suppose may appear more honourable. Antony started for -Capua on the 10th, sending word that shame prevented his visiting me, -because he thought I was annoyed with him. So I shall go, and openly as -you advise, unless hope of playing a more important part shall offer. -But that can scarcely occur so soon. Allienus the praetor thought one -of his colleagues would be chosen,[158] if I were not. Let it be anyone -they like so long as it is some one. - -[158] As peace delegate. - -As to your sister, I approve. As for young Quintus, I am doing my best, -and I hope things are better. As for my brother Quintus, you must know -that he is taking extraordinary pains to borrow money to settle his -debt; but so far has squeezed nothing out of L. Egnatius. Axius is -modest about the £100[159]: for he often requested in his letters that -I should pay Gallius as much as he wanted. Even if he had not written, -could I have helped it? I have often promised indeed; but he wanted so -much at once. They should have helped me rather in my difficulties, -confound them. But I will write of this another time. I am glad you -are rid of your ague, and Pilia too. While bread and provisions are -being put on board, I am going off to my estate at Pompeii. Please -thank Vettienus for his trouble. If you can find a messenger, give me a -letter before I leave. - -[159] 12,000 sesterces. - - * * * * * - - Page 342 - - - - -XVI - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Cumano prid. Id. Mai. a. 705_] - -Commodum ad te dederam litteras de pluribus rebus, cum ad me bene mane -Dionysius fuit. Cui quidem ego non modo placabilem me praebuissem, -sed totum remisissem, si venisset, qua mente tu ad me scripseras. -Erat enim sic in tuis litteris, quas Arpini acceperam, eum venturum -facturumque, quod ego vellem. Ego volebam autem vel cupiebam potius -esse eum nobiscum. Quod quia plane, cum in Formianum venisset, -praeciderat, asperius ad te de eo scribere solebam. At ille perpauca -locutus hanc summam habuit orationis, ut sibi ignoscerem; se rebus -suis impeditum nobiscum ire non posse. Pauca respondi, magnum accepi -dolorem, intellexi fortunam ab eo nostram despectam esse. Quid quaeris? -(fortasse miraberis) in maximis horum temporum doloribus hunc mihi -scito esse. Velim, ut tibi amicus sit. Hoc cum tibi opto, opto, ut -beatus sis; erit enim tam diu. - -Consilium nostrum spero vacuum periculo fore. Nam et dissimulavimus, -et, ut opinor, non acerrime adservabimur. Navigatio modo sit, qualem -opto, cetera, quae quidem consilio provideri poterunt, cavebuntur. Tu, -dum adsumus, non modo quae scies audierisve, sed etiam quae futura -providebis, scribas velim. - -Cato, qui Siciliam tenere nullo negotio potuit (et, si tenuisset, omnes -boni ad eum se contulissent), Syracusis profectus est ante diem VIII K. -Mai., ut ad me - - * * * * * - - Page 343 - - - - -XVI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cumae, May 14_, B.C. _49_] - -I had just sent a letter to you about a number of matters, when very -early in the morning Dionysius came to my house. I should not only -have been civil to him, I should have pardoned him altogether, if he -had come in the spirit you described. For the letter I got at Arpinum -said that he was coming and would do whatever I wanted; and I wanted or -rather longed that he should be with me. It was because he had flatly -refused to do so, when he came to my villa at Formiae, I used to write -to you about him rather bitterly. However, after the first greeting, -he said, to put it shortly, that I must excuse him and that business -prevented his going with me. I said little in reply, but I was greatly -hurt, for I understood that he looked down on my fortunes. You may be -astonished, but you must know that this is one of the greatest sorrows -I have suffered in this crisis. I hope that he may be a friend to you. -When I wish that, I wish you prosperity, for just so long he will be -your friend. - -My plan, I hope, will be free from risk, for I have kept the matter a -secret, and, as I think, I shall not be watched very keenly. Only let -the voyage be as good as I want, and all precautions that foresight can -suggest will be taken. While I am here, please write not only anything -you know or hear, but even what you foresee. - -Cato, who could have held Sicily without any trouble--and, if he had -held it, all loyalists would have flocked to him--sailed from Syracuse -on the - - * * * * * - - Page 344 - -Curio scripsit. Utinam, quod aiunt, Cotta Sardiniam teneat! est enim -rumor. O, si id fuerit, turpem Catonem! - -Ego, ut minuerem suspicionem profectionis aut cogitationis meae, -profectus sum in Pompeianum a. d. IIII Idus, ut ibi essem, dum, -quae ad navigandum opus essent, pararentur. Cum ad villam venissem, -relatum[160] est ad me centuriones trium cohortium, quae Pompeiis sunt, -me velle postridie convenire. Haec mecum Ninnius noster, velle eos mihi -se et oppidum tradere. At ego abii postridie a villa ante lucem, ut me -omnino illi ne viderent. Quid enim erat in tribus cohortibus? quid, -si plures? quo apparatu? Cogitavi eadem illa Caeliana, quae legi in -epistula tua, quam accepi, simul et in Cumanum veni eodem die, et simul -fieri poterat, ut temptaremur. Omnem igitur suspicionem sustuli. Sed, -dum redeo, Hortensius venerat et ad Terentiam salutatum deverterat. -Sermone erat usus honorifico erga me. Iam eum, ut puto, videbo; misit -enim puerum se ad me venire. Hoc quidem melius quam collega noster -Antonius, cuius inter lictores lectica mima portatur. - -[160] relatum _Müller_: ventum _MSS._ - -Tu, quoniam quartana cares et novum morbum removisti, sed etiam -gravedinem, teque vegetum nobis in Graecia siste et litterarum aliquid -interea. - - * * * * * - - Page 345 - -23rd of April, as Curio has informed me by letter. I only hope Cotta -may hold Sardinia, as they say, for there is a rumour to that effect. -If that happens, what a reflection of Cato! - -To lessen suspicion of my journey and intentions I started for my -place at Pompeii on the 12th of May to stay there while the necessary -provisions were made for my voyage. When I arrived, I was told the -centurions of the three cohorts here wished to visit me the next day. -That was what my friend Ninnius said--that they wished to hand over -themselves and the town to me. But I left the next morning before -daybreak, so that they should not see me at all: for what was the -use of three cohorts, or more indeed? And what was our equipment? -I pondered too over the matter of Caelius when I read it in your -letter, which I received on the same day as I arrived at Cumae. It was -possible too that it was a mere ruse, so I did away with all grounds -of suspicion. But, while I was on my way back, Hortensius came, and -turned out of his way to greet Terentia, and he had spoken of me with -much courtesy. I think I shall see him soon, for he has sent a servant -to announce his coming. This is better behaviour than that of my fellow -augur Antony, who carries an actress in a sedan among his lictors. - -As you have lost your quartan fever and have not only thrown off your -new malady but also your cold, you must present yourself before me -sound and fit in Greece. Meanwhile drop me a line. - - * * * * * - - Page 346 - - - - -XVII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Cumano XVII K. Iun. a. 705_] - -Pr. Idus Hortensius ad me venit seripta epistula. Vellem cetera eius! -quam in me incredibilem ἐκτένειαν! Qua quidem cogito uti. Deinde -Serapion cum epistula tua. Quam priusquam aperuissem, dixi ei te ad -me de eo scripsisse antea, ut feceras. Deinde epistula lecta[161] -cumulatissime cetera. Et hercule hominem probo; nam et doctum et probum -existimo; quin etiam navi eius me et ipso convectore usurum puto. - -[161] lecta _Manutius_: scripta _MSS._ - -Crebro refricat lippitudo non illa quidem perodiosa, sed tamen quae -impediat scriptionem meam. Valetudinem tuam iam confirmatam esse et a -vetere morbo et a novis temptationibus gaudeo. - -Ocellam vellem haberemus; videntur enim esse haec paulo faciliora -futura. Nunc quidem aequinoctium nos moratur, quod valde perturbatum -erat. Id si transierit,[162] utinam idem maneat Hortensius! si quidem, -ut adhuc erat, liberalius esse nihil potest. - -[162] transierit _Ziehen_: cras erit _MSS._: ἀκραὲς erit _Bosius_. - -De diplomate admiraris quasi nescio cuius te flagitii insimularim. -Negas enim te reperire, qui mihi id in mentem venerit. Ego autem, -quia scripseras te proficisci cogitare (etenim audieram nemini aliter -licere), eo te habere censebam, et quia pueris diploma sumpseras. Habes -causam opinionis meae. Et tamen - - * * * * * - - Page 347 - - - - -XVII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cumae, May 16_, B.C. _49_] - -On the 14th of May Hortensius came to me, just as I had written my -letter. I wish his conduct were always as it is now.[163] You would -never believe how gushing he was, and I intend to take advantage of it. -Then Serapion came with a letter from you. Before I opened it, I told -him that you had written to me about him before, as you had done. Then -when I had read the letter, I told him the rest in full detail, and -upon my word I like the man; for I think him to be learned and upright. -Moreover I think I will use his ship and make him my fellow-passenger. - -[163] Or "I wish he would always confine himself to writing." But the -passage may be corrupt. - -Inflammation of the eyes often breaks out again, not indeed very -troublesome, but enough to prevent my writing. That your health has -recovered from your old complaint and your new attacks I am glad. - -I wish I had Ocella here: for it looks as if things are going to be -rather easier. Just now the equinox is delaying me. It has been very -boisterous. When that is over, I only hope Hortensius may keep to the -same mind. So far he could not be more generous. - -You wonder about the passport I mentioned, as if I hinted you were -guilty of some crime. You say you can't discover how it came into my -mind. For my part since you wrote that you meditated leaving, and I had -heard that a passport was indispensable, I decided you must have one: -and also because you had taken out a passport for the boys. That was -the reason for my opinion, but please write and tell me - - * * * * * - - Page 348 - -velim scire, quid cogites, in primisque, si quid etiam nunc novi est. - -XVII K. Iun. - - - - -XVIII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Cumano XIV aut XIII K. Iun. a. 705_] - -Tullia mea peperit XIIII K. Iun. puerum ἑπταμηνιαῖον. Quod εὐτόκησεν, -gaudeo; quod quidem est natum, perimbecillum est. Me mirificae -tranquillitates adhuc tenuerunt atque maiori impedimento fuerunt quam -custodiae, quibus adservor. Nam illa Hortensiana omnia fuere infantia. -Ita fiet. Homo nequissimus a Salvio liberto depravatus est. Itaque -posthac non scribam ad te, quid facturus sim, sed quid fecerim; omnes -enim Κωρυκαῖοι videntur subauscultare, quae loquor. - -Tu tamen, si quid de Hispaniis sive quid aliud, perge, quaeso, scribere -nec meas litteras exspectaris, nisi cum, quo opto, pervenerimus, aut si -quid ex cursu. Sed hoc quoque timide scribo. Ita omnia tarda adhuc et -spissa. Ut male posuimus initia, sic cetera sequuntur. - -Formias nunc sequimur; eodem nos fortasse Furiae persequentur. Ex Balbi -autem sermone, quem tecum habuit, non probamus de Melita. Dubitas -igitur, quin nos in hostium numero habeat? Scripsi equidem Balbo te ad -me et de benevolentia scripsisse et de - - * * * * * - - Page 349 - -what you intend, and especially if there is any news. - -May 16. - - - - -XVIII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Cumae, May 19 or 20_, B.C. _49_] - -My daughter was confined on the 19th of May: a boy, a seven months' -child. I am glad she had a safe delivery. As for the thing that has -been born, it is a very poor specimen. So far I have been detained by -an astonishing calm, which has been a greater hindrance than the watch -kept on me. For all that gush of Hortensius proved child's talk. So it -will be found. The villain has been corrupted by Salvius his freeman. -Accordingly hereafter I shall write to you, not what I intend to do but -what I have done. For every eavesdropper[164] seems to be listening to -what I say. - -[164] The people of Corycus in Pamphylia spied on merchant vessels and -betrayed them to pirates. Hence their name became a proverbial term for -spies and eavesdroppers. - -However if you have any news about Spain or any other topic, please -write, but do not count on a letter from me, till I have reached -the desired haven; or possibly I may write something on the voyage. -But even this much I write in fear. How sluggishly and draggingly -everything has gone! The foundation was badly laid and the rest is of a -piece. - -Just now I am going to Formiae; perhaps there too the Furies will -follow me. However according to Balbus' conversation with you my idea -of going to Malta does not win approval. Can you doubt then that Caesar -regards me as an enemy? To be sure I have written to Balbus telling him -that you had informed me of his kindness and his suspicion. I - - * * * * * - - Page 350 - -suspicione. Egi gratias; de altero ei me purga. Ecquem tu hominem -infeliciorem? Non loquor plura, ne te quoque excruciem. Ipse conficior -venisse tempus, cum iam nec fortiter nec prudenter quicquam facere -possim. - - * * * * * - - Page 351 - -thanked him for his kindness: as regards the suspicion, clear me. Is -there a more unlucky man living? I won't say more for fear of hurting -you too. I am tortured by the thought that the time has come when I can -no longer act either with boldness or discretion. - - * * * * * - - Page 352 - - - - -M. TULLI CICERONIS EPISTULARUM AD ATTICUM LIBER UNDECIMUS - - - - -I - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Epiro inter Non. et Id. Ian., ut videtur, a. 706_] - -Accepi a te signatum libellum, quem Anteros attulerat; ex quo nihil -scire potui de nostris domesticis rebus. De quibus acerbissime -adflictor, quod, qui eas dispensavit, neque adest istic, neque, ubi -terrarum sit, scio. Omnem autem spem habeo existimationis privatarumque -rerum in tua erga me mihi perspectissima benevolentia. Quam si his -temporibus miseris et extremis praestiteris, haec pericula, quae mihi -communia sunt cum ceteris, fortius feram; idque ut facias, te obtestor -atque obsecro. Ego in cistophoro in Asia habeo ad sestertium bis et -viciens. Huius pecuniae permutatione fidem nostram facile tuebere; quam -quidem ego nisi expeditam relinquere me putassem credens ei, cui tu -scis iam pridem minime credere me debere, commoratus essem paulisper -nec domesticas res impeditas reliquissem. Ob eamque causam serius ad te -scribo, quod sero intellexi, quid timendum esset. Te etiam atque etiam -oro, ut me totum tuendum suscipias, ut, si ei salvi erunt, quibuscum -sum, una cum iis possim incolumis esse salutemque meam benevolentiae -tuae acceptam referre. - - * * * * * - - Page 353 - - - - -CICERO'S LETTERS TO ATTICUS BOOK XI - - - - -I - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Epirus, January_, B.C. _48_] - -I got your sealed document, which Anteros brought. It gave me no -information about my private affairs. I am exceedingly distressed -about them, because Philotimus, who managed them, is not at Rome, nor -do I know where in the world he is. And my whole hope of preserving -my credit and private property lies in your tried and proved kindness -towards me. If in this last desperate crisis you still show that, I -shall face the dangers which I share with others more courageously: -and I adjure and beseech you to do so. I have in local currency[165] -in Asia nearly £18,000.[166] By a bill of exchange for that amount it -will be easy for you to maintain my credit. Unless I had thought I were -leaving it all square (trusting one, whom you have long since known I -ought not to have trusted), I should have delayed a little longer and -not left my private concerns embarrassed. The reason why I have been -rather long in writing to you about it, is that I was a long time in -gathering what was to be feared. Again and again I beseech you that you -undertake to protect me in every way, so that, supposing my present -associates are spared, I may along with them remain unembarrassed and -put down my safety to your kindness. - -[165] An Asiatic coin bearing as a device the _cista_ of Dionysius half -opened with a snake creeping out of it. - -[166] 2,200,000 sesterces. - - * * * * * - - Page 354 - - - - -II - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in Epiro med. m. Mart., ut videtur, a. 706_] - -Litteras tuas accepi pr. Non. Febr. eoque ipso die ex testamento crevi -hereditatem. Ex multis meis miserrimis curis est una levata, si, ut -scribis, ista hereditas fidem et famam meam tueri potest; quam quidem -intellego te etiam sine hereditate tuis opibus defensurum fuisse. De -dote quod scribis, per omnes deos te obtestor, ut totam rem suscipias -et illam miseram mea culpa et neglegentia tueare meis opibus, si quae -sunt, tuis, quibus tibi molestum non erit, facultatibus. Cui quidem -deesse omnia, quod scribis, obsecro te, noli pati. In quos enim sumptus -abeunt fructus praediorum? Iam illa HS L̅X̅, quae scribis, nemo mihi -umquam dixit ex dote esse detracta; numquam enim essem passus. Sed haec -minima est ex eis iniuriis, quas accepi; de quibus ad te dolore et -lacrimis scribere prohibeor. Ex ea pecunia, quae fuit in Asia, partem -dimidiam fere exegi. Tutius videbatur fore ibi, ubi est, quam apud -publicanos. - -Quod me hortaris, ut firmo sim animo, vellem posses aliquid adferre, -quam ob rem id facere possem. Sed, si ad ceteras miserias accessit -etiam id, quod mihi Chrysippus dixit parari (tu nihil significasti) de - - * * * * * - - Page 355 - - - - -II - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Epirus, March_, B.C. _48_] - -I received your letter on the 4th of February, and on the same day I -accepted the inheritance formally according to the will. Of my many and -miserable anxieties one is taken away, if, as you say, this inheritance -is sufficient to maintain my credit and reputation, though I know you -would have defended it even without the inheritance with all your -resources. As for what you write about the dowry[167] I adjure you for -heaven's sake to manage the whole business and protect the poor girl, -a victim of my culpable carelessness, with my funds, if there are any, -and out of your own, so far as you can without inconvenience. Pray do -not let her remain in the utter want you depict. On what are the rents -of my farms being wasted? That 500 guineas[168] of which you write, no -one ever told me that it had been kept back out of the dowry, for I -would never have allowed it. But that is the least of the blows I have -suffered. I cannot write to you about them for sorrow and tears. Of the -money I had in Asia I have called in nearly half. It would appear to be -safer where it is than with the tax-collectors. - -[167] The second instalment of Tullia's dowry due to Dolabella before -July; cf. xi, 3. Dowries were paid in three instalments. - -[168] 60,000 sesterces. - -As for your exhortations to be of good courage, I wish you could find -some reason why I should be so. If, on the top of my other sorrows, -there comes that which Chrysippus said is under consideration (you gave -me no hint), I mean the confiscation of my town - - * * * * * - - Page 356 - -domo, quis me miserior uno iam fuit? Oro, obsecro, ignosce. Non possum -plura scribere. Quanto maerore urgear, profecto vides. Quod si mihi -commune cum ceteris esset, qui videntur in eadem causa esse, minor -mea culpa videretur et eo tolerabilior esset. Nunc nihil est, quod -consoletur, nisi quid tu efficis, si modo etiam nunc effici potest, ut -ne qua singulari adficiar calamitate et iniuria. - -Tardius ad te remisi tabellarium, quod potestas mittendi non fuit. A -tuis et nummorum accepi HS L̅X̅X̅ et, vestimentorum quod opus fuit. -Quibus tibi videbitur, velim des litteras meo nomine. Nosti meos -familiares. Si signum requirent aut manum, dices me propter custodias -ea vitasse. - - - - -III - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in castris Pompei Id. Iun. a. 706_] - -Quid hic agatur, scire poteris ex eo, qui litteras attulit. Quem -diutius tenui, quia cotidie aliquid novi exspectabamus; neque nunc -mittendi tamen ulla causa fuit praeter eam, de qua tibi rescribi -voluisti, quod ad Kal. Quinct. pertinet, quid vellem. Utrumque grave -est, et tam gravi tempore periculum tantae pecuniae, et dubio rerum -exitu ista, quam scribis, abruptio. Quare ut alia sic hoc vel maxime - - * * * * * - - Page 357 - -house, I am the most wretched man alive. I pray and beseech you pardon -me. I can write no more. You see, I am sure, with what a weight of -misery I am oppressed. If I shared it with others, who seem to be -in the same predicament, I should feel less blameworthy and bear it -better. Now I have no consolation unless you can arrange, if it is now -possible, that I may not be visited with any special disaster and harm. - -I have been rather slow in sending back your letter-carrier, because -there was no opportunity of sending him. From your agents I have -received some £600[169] and the necessary clothing. Please send letters -to any people you think right in my name. You know my intimate friends. -If they notice the absence of my seal or handwriting, please say I have -avoided using them owing to the sentries. - -[169] 70,000 sesterces. - - - - -III - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Camp of Pompey, June 3_, B.C. _48_] - -What is happening here you may gather from the bearer of your letter. -I have kept him longer than I should, because every day I am expecting -something fresh to happen, and there was no reason for sending him even -now, except the subject on which you ask for an answer, namely what -I wish as to the first of July. Both courses are dangerous, both the -risk of such a sum of money at such a dangerous time, and the breaking -with Dolabella, which you mention, while the political issue is still -uncertain. Accordingly I will leave this matter in particular like -others - - * * * * * - - Page 358 - -tuae curae benevolentiaeque permitto et illius consilio et voluntati; -cui miserae consuluissem melius, si tecum olim coram potius quam per -litteras de salute nostra fortunisque deliberavissem. - -Quod negas praecipuum mihi ullum in communibus incommodis impendere, -etsi ista res non nihil habet consolationis, tamen etiam praecipua -multa sunt, quae tu profecto vides et gravissima esse et me facillime -vitare potuisse. Ea tamen erunt minora, si, ut adhuc factum est, -administratione et diligentia tua levabuntur. - -Pecunia apud Egnatium est. Sit a me, ut est. Neque enim hoc, quod -agitur, videtur diuturnum esse posse, ut scire iam possim, quid maxime -opus sit. Etsi egeo rebus omnibus, quod is quoque in angustiis est, -quicum sumus; cui magnam dedimus pecuniam mutuam, opinantes nobis -constitutis rebus eam rem etiam honori fore. Tu, ut antea fecisti, -velim, si qui erunt, ad quos aliquid scribendum a me existimes, ipse -conficias. Tuis salutem die. Cura, ut valeas. In primis id, quod -scribis, omnibus rebus cura et provide, ne quid ei desit, de qua scis -me miserrimum esse. Idibus Iuniis ex castris. - - - - -IV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. in castris Pompei Id. Quint. a. 706_] - -Accepi ab Isidoro litteras et postea datas binas. Ex proximis cognovi -praedia non venisse. Videbis - - * * * * * - - Page 359 - -to your kind care, and to the consideration and desire of poor Tullia, -whose interests would have been better consulted, if originally I had -discussed our safety and fortunes with you in person rather than by -letter. - -You say there is no trouble threatening me especially in this public -misfortune. There is a little consolation in that, but there are many -circumstances special to me, which you must see are very serious and -might easily have been avoided. However they will be less serious, if, -as hitherto, they are lightened by your care and management. - -The money is with Egnatius. Let it remain there, so far as I am -concerned: for things cannot last long as they are, so that I shall -soon know what is most necessary. However, I am in want of everything, -because the man I am with[170] too is in great straits and I have lent -him a large sum of money, thinking that, when things settle down, that -will bring me honour as well as profit. Please, as before, if there -are any persons to whom you think I ought to write, do it for me. Pay -my greetings to your family. Take care of your health. Above all, as -you say, make every careful provision that nothing maybe wanting to my -daughter, on whose account you know I am very unhappy. - -[170] Pompey. - -June 13, at the camp. - - - - -IV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _In Pompey's camp, July 15_, B.C. _48_] - -I have received your letter by Isidorus and two written later. From the -last I understand that the - - * * * * * - - Page 360 - -ergo, ut sustentetur per te. De Frusinati, si modo fruituri sumus, erit -mihi res opportuna. Meas litteras quod requiris, impedior inopia rerum, -quas nullas habeo litteris dignas, quippe cui, nec quae accidunt, nec -quae aguntur, ullo modo probentur. Utinam coram tecum olim potius quam -per epistulas! Hic tua, ut possum, tueor apud hos. Cetera Celer. Ipse -fugi adhuc omne munus eo magis, quod ita nihil poterat agi, ut mihi et -meis rebus aptum esset. - - - - -IVa - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Dyrrhachi inter XVI et XII K. Quint. a. 706_] - -Quid sit gestum novi, quaeris. Ex Isidoro scire poteris. Reliqua non -videntur esse difficiliora. Tu id velim quod scis me maxime velle, -cures, ut scribis, ut facis. Me conficit sollicitudo, ex qua etiam -summa infirmitas corporis. Qua levata ero una cum eo, qui negotium -gerit estque in spe magna. Brutus amicus; in causa versatur acriter. - -Hactenus fuit, quod caute a me scribi posset. Vale. De pensione -altera, oro te, omni cura considera quid faciendum sit, ut scripsi iis -litteris, quas Pollex tulit. - - * * * * * - - Page 361 - -property did not sell. So please see to her support yourself. As to -the estate at Frusino, if only I am to enjoy the fruits, it will be -convenient for me. You say I owe you a letter. Well, I am hindered -by want of matter, having nothing worth writing; for nothing that -happens and nothing that is done has my approbation at all. If only I -could talk with you instead of writing! Here to the best of my power -I conserve your interests with these people. The rest Celer will do. -Hitherto I have avoided every office, especially as it was impossible -for anything to be done in a way that suited me and my fortunes. - - - - -IVa - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Dyrrhachium, June 15 to 19_, B.C. _48_] - -You ask what new moves have been made. Isidorus will tell you. I don't -think the rest of the task will be any more difficult. Please pay -attention to what you know is my greatest wish, as you say you are -doing. I am overwhelmed by care, and that brings with it also great -bodily infirmity. When that has passed, I shall go to the man who -is conducting the business and who is in high hopes.[171] Brutus is -friendly; and takes a keen part in the cause. - -[171] I.e. Pompey, who had won a temporary success by piercing Caesar's -lines. - -That is all that I can prudently commit to paper. Farewell. About the -second instalment of Tullia's dowry, pray consider carefully what ought -to be done, as I said in the letter, which Pollex took. - - * * * * * - - Page 362 - - - - -V - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi pr. Non. Nov. a. 706_] - -Quae me causae moverint, quam acerbae, quam graves, quam novae, -coegerintque impetu magis quodam animi uti quam cogitatione, non possum -ad te sine maximo dolore scribere. Fuerunt quidem tantae, ut id, quod -vides, effecerint. Itaque, nec quid ad te scribam de meis rebus nec -quid a te petam reperio; rem et summam negotii vides. - -Equidem ex tuis litteris intellexi, et eis, quas com muniter cum aliis -scripsisti, et eis quas tuo nomine quod etiam mea sponte videbam, te -subita re quas debilitatum novas rationes tuendi mei quaerere. Quod -scribis placere, ut propius accedam iterque per oppida noctu faciam, -non sane video, quern ad modum id fieri possit. Neque enim ita apta -habeo devorsoria, ut tota tempora diurna in iis possim consumere, neque -ad id, quod quaeris, multum interest utrum me homines in oppido videant -an in via. Sed tamen hoc ipsum sicut alia considerabo, quem ad modum -commodissime fieri posse videatur. - -Ego propter incredibilem et animi et corporis molestiam conficere -plures litteras non potui; eis tantum rescripsi, a quibus acceperam. -Tu velim et Basilo et quibus praeterea videbitur, etiam Servilio -conscribas, ut tibi videbitur, meo nomine. Quod tanto intervallo nihil -omnino ad vos scripsi, his litteris profecto - - * * * * * - - Page 363 - - - - -V - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, Nov. 4_, B.C. _48_] - -What were the reasons, how bitter, how grave and unforeseen, which -swayed me and compelled me to act by a kind of impulse rather than -by reflection, I cannot bring myself to write without great agony of -mind. So weighty were they that they have brought about what you see. -Accordingly I do not know what to tell you about my affairs nor what -to ask of you. You can see for yourself the sum and substance of the -matter. - -For my part I have gathered from your letters--both that which you -wrote in conjunction with others and the one you wrote in your own -name--what I saw myself too, that you are somewhat disconcerted by -my sudden move, and are looking for some new means of protecting -me. I don't quite see how I can do as you suggest and come nearer -to Rome, travelling through towns at night. For I have not suitable -stopping-places to spend all the days in; nor, for the point you are -aiming at, does it much matter whether I am seen in towns or on the -road. However I will consider how this plan, as well as others, can -most conveniently be carried out. - -I am so fearfully upset both in mind and body that I have not been able -to write many letters; I have only answered those who have written to -me. I should like you to write in my name to Basilus and to anyone else -you like, even to Servilius, and say whatever you think fit. From this -letter you will quite understand that the reason why I have not written -to you at all for such a long time, is that I - - * * * * * - - Page 364 - -intellegis rem mihi desse, de qua scribam, non voluntatem. - -Quod de Vatinio quaeris, neque illius neque cuiusquam mihi praeterea -officium desset, si reperire possent, qua in re me iuvarent. Quintus -aversissimo a me animo Patris fuit. Eodem Corcyra filius venit. Inde -profectos eos una cum ceteris arbitror. - - - - -VI - -CICERO ATTICO SALUTEM DICIT. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi IV K. Dec. a. 706_] - -Sollicitum esse te, cum de tuis communibusque fortunis, tum maxime -de me ac de dolore meo sentio. Qui quidem meus dolor non modo non -minuitur, cum socium sibi adiungit dolorem tuum, sed etiam augetur. -Omnino pro tua prudentia sentis, qua consolatione levari maxime -possim. Probas enim meum consilium negasque mihi quicquam tali tempore -potius faciendum fuisse. Addis etiam (quod etsi mihi levius est quam -tuum iudicium, tamen non est leve) ceteris quoque, id est qui pondus -habeant, factum nostrum probari. Id si ita putarem, levius dolerem. -"Crede," inquis, "mihi." Credo equidem, sed scio, quam cupias minui -dolorem meum. Me discessisse ab armis numquam paenituit. Tanta erat -in illis crudelitas, tanta cum barbaris gentibus coniunctio, ut non -nominatim, sed generatim proscriptio esset informata, ut iam omnium -iudicio constitutum esset omnium vestrum bona praedam esse illius -victoriae. "Vestrum" plane dico; numquam enim de te ipso nisi - - * * * * * - - Page 365 - -had nothing to write about, not that I did not wish to write. - -For your query about Vatinius, neither he nor anyone else would fail -in service to me, if they could find any means of helping me. Quintus -showed the bitterest ill-feeling to me at Patrae. His son came thither -from Corcyra: and I suppose they have set out from there with the -others. - - - - -VI - -CICERO to ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, November 27_, B.C. _48_] - -I see you are anxious about your own fate and the fate of us all, and -especially about me and my sorrows; but my sorrows are not lessened one -whit by the addition of yours in sympathy, they are even increased. -Of course your own intelligence makes you feel what consolation can -comfort me most: for you approve of my plan and say that under the -circumstances I could not have done anything better. You add something, -which does not weigh with me so much as your judgement, though it -has some weight, that every one else--I mean every one else who -matters--approves of what I did. If I could persuade myself of that, I -should feel less sorrow. "Believe me," you say. I do believe you; but I -know how anxious you are to relieve my sorrow. I have never regretted -leaving the camp. Cruelty was so rampant there, and there was so close -an alliance with barbarian nations, that a plan was sketched out for -a proscription not of persons but of whole classes; and everybody had -made up their minds that the property of you all was to be the prize of -his victory. I say "you" advisedly, for none - - * * * * * - - Page 366 - -crudelissime cogitatum est. Quare voluntatis me meae numquam -paenitebit, consilii paenitet. In oppido aliquo mallem resedisse, quoad -accerserer: minus sermonis subissem, minus accepissem doloris; ipsum -hoc me non angeret. Brundisi iacere in omnes partes est molestum. -Propius accedere, ut suades, quo modo sine lictoribus, quos populus -dedit, possum? qui mihi incolumi adimi non possunt. Quos ego nunc -paulisper cum bacillis in turbam conieci ad oppidum accedens, ne -quis impetus militum fieret. Reliquo tempore me domi tenui.[172] -Ad Oppium et Balbum scripsi,[173] quonam iis placeret modo propius -accedere, ut hac de re considerarent. Credo fore auctores. Sic enim -recipiunt, Caesari non modo de conservanda, sed etiam de augenda mea -dignitate curae fore, meque hortantur, ut magno animo sim, ut omnia -summa sperem. Ea spondent, confirmant. Quae quidem mihi exploratiora -essent, si remansissem. Sed ingero praeterita; vide, quaeso, igitur -ea, quae restant, et explora cum istis, et, si putabis opus esse, et -si istis placebit, quo magis factam nostrum Caesar probet quasi de -suorum sententia factum, adhibeantur Trebonius, Pansa, si qui alii, -scribantque ad Caesarem me, quicquid fecerim, de sua sententia fecisse. - -[172] Reliquo tempore me domi tenui _Hofmann_: recipio tempore me domo -te nunc _MSS._ - -[173] Balbum scripsi _added by Lambinus and Lehmann_. - -Tulliae meae morbus et imbecillitas corporis me exanimat. Quam tibi -intellego magnae curae esse, quod est mihi gratissimum. De Pompei exitu -mihi - - * * * * * - - Page 367 - -but the cruellest thoughts were entertained about you personally. So -I shall never regret my resolve; but I do regret my plan of action. -I wish I had settled down in some town, till I was called for. There -would have been less talk about me, less pain for me; this particular -regret at any rate would not be worrying me. To remain inactive at -Brundisium is annoying from every point of view. And how can I go -nearer to Rome, as you advise, without the lictors given me by the -people? They cannot be taken from me without depriving me of my rights. -Only lately, as I was approaching Brundisium, I made them mix with the -crowd with nothing but sticks in their hands for fear the soldiery -might attack them: ever since I have kept at home. I have written to -Oppius and to Balbus, asking them to consider how I can move nearer -to Rome. I think they will advise me to do so. For they promise that -Caesar will be anxious not only to preserve my dignity, but even to -increase it; and they bid me be of good cheer and entertain the highest -of hopes. This they warrant and guarantee. Personally I should have -felt surer about it, if I had stayed where I was. But that is harping -on the past; so pray look to the future and investigate the matter -with them, and, if you think it necessary and they approve, call in -Trebonius, Pansa and anyone else you like, that I may win Caesar's -approval by appearing to follow his friends' advice, and let them write -to Caesar, telling him that, what I have done, I did at their advice. - -My dear Tullia's illness and weakness frightens me to death. I -understand you are taking great care of her, and I am very grateful. -About Pompey's end - - * * * * * - - Page 368 - -dubium numquam fuit. Tanta enim desperatio rerum eius omnium regum -et populorum animos occuparat, ut, quocumque venisset, hoc putarem -futurum. Non possum eius casum non dolere; hominem enim integrum et -castum et gravem cognovi. De Fannio consoler te? Perniciosa loquebatur -de mansione tua. L. vero Lentulus Hortensi domum sibi et Caesaris -hortos et Baias desponderat. Omnino haec eodem modo ex hac parte fiunt, -nisi quod illud erat infintum. Omnes enim, qui in Italia manserant, -hostium numero habebantur. Sed velim haec aliquando solutiore animo. - -Quintum fratrem audio profectum in Asiam, ut deprecaretur. De filio -nihil audivi; sed quaere ex Diochare, Caesaris liberto, quem ego non -vidi, qui istas Alexandrea litteras attulit. Is dicitur vidisse Quintum -euntem an iam in Asia. Tuas litteras, prout res postulat, exspecto. -Quas velim cures quam primum ad me perferendas. IIII K. Decembr. - - - - -VII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi XIV Kal. Ian. a. 706_] - -Gratae tuae mihi litterae sunt, quibus accurate perscripsisti omnia, -quae ad me pertinere arbitratus es. Et factum igitur tu scribis istis -placere et placere[174] isdem istis lictoribus me uti, quod concessum -Sestio - -[174] es. Et factum igitur tu scribis istis placere et placere -_Steinkopf_: est ea factum igitur ut scribis istis placere _MSS._ - - * * * * * - - Page 369 - -I never had any doubt. For despair of his success had so completely -taken possession of the minds of all the kings and peoples, that I -thought this would happen to him, wherever he might go. I cannot help -feeling sorry for his fate, for I knew him to be a man of honour and -high moral principle. Am I to condole with you about Fannius? He used -to speak virulently of you for staying in Rome. L. Lentulus, you know, -had promised himself Hortensius' house, Caesar's gardens, and a place -at Baiae. Precisely the same is taking place on this side too, except -that on the other there was no limit. For they counted every one who -stayed in Italy as an enemy. But I would rather speak of this sometime -when I am less worried. - -I hear my brother Quintus has set out for Asia to make his peace. About -his son I have heard nothing; but ask Diochares, Caesar's freedman, who -brought those letters from Alexandria. I have not seen him. He is said -to have seen Quintus either on the way, or was it already in Asia? I am -looking forward to a letter from you, as the occasion demands. Please -try to get it conveyed to me as soon as possible. - -November 27. - - - - -VII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, Dec. 17_, B.C. _48_] - -I am much obliged to you for your letter, in which you have recorded -carefully everything you think concerns me. So you say that they -approve both of my actions, and of my keeping my lictors, as Sestius -is allowed to keep his: though in his case I think it is not so much a -question of being allowed to keep - - * * * * * - - Page 370 - -sit; cui non puto suos esse concessos, sed ad ipso datos. Audio enim -eum ea senatus consulta improbare, quae post discessum tribunorum -facta sunt. Quare poterit, si volet sibi constare, nostros lictores -comprobare, - -Quamquam quid ego de lictoribus, qui paene ex Italia decedere sim -iussus? Nam ad me misit Antonius exemplum Caesaris ad se litterarum, -in quibus erat se audisse Catonem et L. Metellum in Italiam venisse, -Romae ut essent palam. Id sibi non placere, ne qui motus ex eo fierent; -prohiberique omnes Italia, nisi quorum ipse causam cognovisset; -deque eo vehementius erat scriptum. Itaque Antonius petebat a me per -litteras, ut sibi ignoscerem; facere se non posse, quin iis litteris -pareret. Tum ad eum misi L. Lamiam, qui demonstraret illum Dolabellae -dixisse, ut ad me scriberet, ut in Italiam quam primum venirem; eius -me litteris venisse. Tum ille edixit ita, ut me exciperet et Laelium -nominatim. Quod sane nollem; poterat enim sine nomine res ipsa excipi. - -O multas et graves offensiones! quas quidem tu das operam ut lenias, -nec tamen nihil proficis, quin hoc ipso minuis dolorem meum, quod, -ut minuas, tam valde laboras; idque velim ne gravere quam saepissime -facere. Maxime autem adsequere, quod vis, si me adduxeris, ut existimem -me bonorum iudicium non funditus perdidisse. Quamquam quid tu in eo -potes? Nihil scilicet. Sed, si quid res dabit tibi facultatis, id me -maxima consolari poterit; quod nunc quidem - - * * * * * - - Page 371 - -them as of their being assigned to him by Caesar himself. For I am told -he repudiates all the decrees of the Senate which were passed after the -departure of the tribunes. So, if he wants to be consistent, he will be -able to approve my lictors. - -However, what is the use of talking about lictors, when I have almost -been ordered to leave Italy. For Antony has sent me a copy of a letter -from Caesar, in which he said he had heard that Cato and L. Metellus -had come to Italy and intended to live openly at Rome: that he did not -like, for fear it might cause some disturbance: and that none may enter -Italy, until he has himself investigated their case. He put the point -very strongly. So Antony wrote asking my pardon, and saying he could -not help obeying the letter. Then I sent L. Lamia to him to point out -that Caesar had told Dolabella to write and tell me to come to Italy as -soon as possible: and that it was on the strength of that letter that -I had come. Then Antony issued an edict excepting myself and Laelius -by name. I wish he had not done that: he might have made an exception -without mentioning names. - -What a heap of troubles and how serious too! And you are doing your -best to make them lighter, and with some success--indeed that you try -so hard to relieve me is some relief in itself. I hope you won't find -it a burden to do so as often as possible. But you will succeed in your -object best, if you can convince me that I have not entirely lost the -good opinion of the loyal party. Yet what can you do in that matter? -Nothing of course. But, if anything gives a chance, that is what will -best console me. I see that at present it is impossible: - - * * * * * - - Page 372 - -video non esse, sed, si quid ex eventis, ut hoc nunc accidit. Dicebar -debuisse cum Pompeio proficisci. Exitus illius minuit eius officii -praetermissi reprehensionem. Sed ex omnibus nihil magis tamem -desideratur, quam quod in Africam non ierim. Iudicio hoc sum usus, non -esse barbaris auxiliis fallacissimae gentis rem publicam defendendam, -praesertim contra exercitum saepe victorem, Non probant fortasse; -multos enim viros bonos in Africam venisse audio et scio fuisse antea. -Valde hoc loco urgeor. Hic quoque opus est casu, ut aliqui sint ex -eis, aut, si potest, omnes qui salutem anteponant. Nam, si perseverant -et obtinent, quid nobis futurum sit, vides. Dices: "Quid illis, si -victi erunt?" Honestior est plaga. Haec me excruciant. Sulpici autem -consilium non scripsisti cur meo non anteponeres. Quod etsi non tam -gloriosum est quam Catonis, tamen et periculo vacuum est et dolore. -Extremum est eorum, qui in Achaia sunt. Ei tamen ipsi se hoc melius -habent quam nos, quod et multi sunt uno in loco, et, cum in Italiam -venerint, domum statim venerint. Haec tu perge, ut facis, mitigare et -probare quam plurimis. - -Quod te excusas, ego vero et tuas causas nosco et mea interesse puto te -istic esse, vel ut cum eis, quibus oportebit, agas, quae erunt agenda -de nobis, - - * * * * * - - Page 373 - -but if anything does turns up, as in this present case. It used to be -said that I ought to have gone with Pompey: but now his death tends to -absolve me from blame for neglecting my duty in that case. But where I -am thought to have been most lacking is in not going to Africa. My view -was that barbarian auxiliaries drawn from a most deceitful race were -not the proper persons to defend the State, especially against an army -which had won so many victories. That view may not meet with approval; -for I hear that many patriots have arrived in Africa, and I know there -were some there before. This is a point that really bothers me: and -here again I must trust to luck, that there may be some of them, or, -if such a thing is possible, all of them, who put safety first. For, -if they hold fast and succeed, you can see what a position I shall be -in. You will say "How about it, if they are defeated?" That is a more -honourable blow. This is what tortures me. However, you have not told -me why you do not prefer Sulpicius' policy to mine. It may not be so -glorious as Cato's: but it is at any rate free from danger and regret. -The last case is that of those who stayed in Achaia. Even they are in -a better position than I am, because there are many of them together, -and, when they do come to Italy, they will go straight home. Please -continue your efforts to ameliorate my position and to win over as many -people as possible to approval. - -You explain why you do not come. Yes, I know your reasons and think it -is to my interest that you should stay where you are, for one thing -that you may be able to carry out any necessary negotiations about me -with the proper persons, as you have done. - - * * * * * - - Page 374 - -ut ea, quae egisti. In primisque hoc velim animadvertas. Multos esse -arbitror, qui ad Caesarem detulerint delaturive sint me aut paenitere -consilli mei aut non probare, quae fiant. Quorum etsi utrumque -verum est, tamen ab illis dicitur animo a me alienato, non quo ita -esse perspexerint. Sed totum in eo est, ut hoc Balbus sustineat et -Oppius, et eorum crebis litteris illius voluntas erga me confirmetur. -Et hoc plane ut fiat, diligentiam adhibeis. Alterum est, cur te -nolim discedere, quod scribis Tulliam te flagitare. O rem miseram! -quid scribam aut quid velim? Breve faciam, lacrimae enim se subito -profunderunt. Tibi permitto, tu consule; tantum vide, ne hoc tempore -isti obesse aliquid possit. Ignosce, obsecro te. Non possum prae fletu -et dolore diutius in hoc loco commorari. Tantum dicam, nihil mihi -gratius esse, quam quod eam diligis. - -Quod litteras, quibus putas opus esse, curas dandas, facis commode. -Quintum filium vidi qui Sami vidisset, patrem Sicyone. Quorum -deprecatio est facilis. Utinam illi qui prius illum viderent, me apud -eum velint adiutum tantum, quantum ego illos vellem, si quid possem! - -Quod rogas, ut in bonam partem accipiam, si qua sint in tuis litteris, -quae me mordeant, ego vero in optimam, teque rogo, ut aperte, quem ad -modum facis, scribas ad me omnia idque facias quam saepissime. Vale -XIIII K. Ian. - - * * * * * - - Page 375 - -And in the first place I should like to call your attention to this -point. I think there are many who have reported or will report to -Caesar either that I am repenting of my policy or that I do not approve -of recent events. Though both are true, they say it out of spite -against me, not because they have seen it to be so. Everything rests -on the support of Balbus and Oppius, and on their confirming Caesar's -good will to me by sending him frequent letters. Please do your best -to bring this about. The other reason why I prefer you not to leave is -that you say Tullia begs for your assistance. What a misfortune? What -can I say? What can I even wish? I will cut the matter short, for tears -spring to my eyes at once. I give you a free hand: do you look to it. -Only take care that nothing is done under the present circumstances to -offend the great man. I crave your pardon. Tears and sorrow prevent me -from dwelling any longer on this topic. I will only add that nothing -makes me feel more grateful to you than your love for her. - -You are quite right to send letters for me to anyone to whom you think -it necessary. I have met a man who saw young Quintus at Samos and his -father at Sicyon. They will easily obtain their pardon. I only hope, -that, as they will see Caesar first, they will think fit to further my -case with him, as much as I should have furthered theirs, if I had been -able. - -You ask me to take it in good part, if there is anything in your -letters that wounds my feelings. I promise you to take it in the best -possible part, and I beg you to write everything quite openly, as you -do, and to do so as often as possible. Farewell. - -Dec. 17. - - * * * * * - - Page 376 - - - - -VIII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi XIII K. Ian. a. 706_] - -Quantis curis conficiar, etsi profecto vides, tamen cognosces ex Lepta -et Trebatio. Maximas poenas pendo temeritatis meae, quam tu prudentiam -mihi videri vis; neque te deterreo, quo minus id disputes scribasque -ad me quam saepissime. Non nihil enim me levant tuae litterae hoc -tempore. Per eos, qui nostra causa volunt valentque apud illum, -diligentissime contendas opus est, per Balbum et Oppium maxime, ut -de me scribant quam diligentissime. Oppugnamur enim, ut audio, et a -praesentibus quibusdam et per litteras. Eis ita est occurrendum, ut -rei magnitudo postulat. Fufius est illic, mihi inimicissimus. Quintus -misit filium non solum sui deprecatorem, sed etiam accusatorem mei. -Dictitat se a me apud Caesarem oppugnari, quod refellit Caesar ipse -omnesque eius amici. Neque vero desistit, ubicumque est, omnia in me -maledicta conferre, Nihil mihi umquam tam incredibile accidit, nihil in -his malis tam acerbum. Qui ex ipso audissent, cum Sicyone palam multis -audientibus loqueretur nefaria quaedam, ad me pertulerunt. Nosti genus, -etiam expertus es fortasse. In me id est omne conversum. Sed augeo -commemorando dolorem et facio etiam tibi. Quare ad illud redeo. Cura, -ut huius rei causa dedita opera mittat - - * * * * * - - Page 377 - - - - -VIII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium Dec. 18_, B.C. _48_] - -Though of course you see for yourself in what distress I am, you will -learn more about it from Lepta and Trebatius. I am paying very heavily -for my rashness, which you want to persuade me was prudence: and I -don't want to stop you arguing that it was and writing to me to that -effect as often as possible. For your letters afford me a good deal -of relief under the present circumstances. You must use your utmost -endeavour with those who are my supporters and have influence with -him--Balbus and Oppius especially--to make them write about me as -strongly as possible. For I hear that I am being attacked by some who -are with him, and also by letter. Their attack must be met, as the -importance of the matter demands. Fufius, a very bitter enemy of mine, -is there. Quintus sent his son not only to make peace for himself, but -to accuse me. He keeps saying that I am trying to set Caesar against -him, though Caesar and all his friends deny it. And he does not cease, -wherever he is, from heaping all sorts of abuse on me. It is the most -surprising thing that ever happened to me and the bitterest of all -my present sorrows. Those who reported the matter to me professed to -have heard it from his own lips, when he was slandering me at Sicyon -in the hearing of many. You know his way; indeed you may have had some -personal experience of it. Now it is all turned on me. But I increase -my own sorrow, and yours too, by speaking of it. So I return to my -first point. Take care that Balbus sends some one expressly - - * * * * * - - Page 378 - -aliquem Balbus. Ad quos videbitur, velim cures litteras meo nomine. -Vale. XIII Kal. Ian. - - - - -IX - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi III Non. Ian. a. 707_] - -Ego vero et incaute, ut scribis, et celerius, quam oportuit, feci, nec -in ulla sum spe, quippe qui exceptionibus edictorum retinear. Quae si -non essent sedulitate effectae et benevolentia tua, liceret mihi abire -in solitudines aliquas. Nunc ne id quidem licet. Quid autem me iuvat, -quod ante initum tribunatum veni, si ipsum, quod veni, nihil iuvat? Iam -quid sperem ab eo, qui mihi amicus numquam fuit, cum iam lege etiam sim -confectus et oppressus? Cotidie iam Balbi ad me litterae languidiores, -multaeque multorum ad illum fortasse contra me. Meo vitio pereo; nihil -mihi mali casus attulit, omnia culpa contracta sunt. Ego enim, cum -genus belli viderem, imparata et infirma omnia contra paratissimos, -statueram, quid facerem, ceperamque consilium non tam forte quam mihi -praeter ceteros concedendum. Cessi meis vel potius parui. Ex quibus -unus qua mente fuerit, is quem tu mihi commendas, cognosces ex ipsius -litteris, quas ad te et ad alios misit. Quas ego numquam aperuissem, -nisi res acta sic esset. Delatus est ad me fasciculus. Solvi, si quid -ad me esset litterarum. Nihil erat, epistula Vatinio et Ligurio altera. -Iussi ad eos deferri. Illi ad me - - * * * * * - - Page 379 - -for this purpose. Please send letters in my name to anyone you think -should have them. Farewell. - -Dec. 18. - - - - -IX - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, Jan. 3_, B.C. _47_] - -I have certainly acted incautiously, as you say, and more hastily than -I should; and I have no hope seeing that I am tied here by the special -clause in the edict. If that had not been inserted by your own kind -efforts, I might have gone to some lonely retreat. Now not even that is -open to me. How does it help me that I came before the tribunes entered -on office, when my coming at all does not help? And what have I now -to hope from a man who never was friendly with me, when my ruin and -humiliation is secured even by law? Balbus' letters to me are becoming -daily cooler, and it may be he receives dozens against me. My own fault -is my ruin. Fortune has brought no ills upon me: I have brought them -all on my own head. For when I saw what kind of war it was going to be, -one side unprepared and weak and the other thoroughly well prepared, I -had made my plan--not a very courageous plan perhaps, but one for which -there were special excuses in my case. I gave way to my relations, or -rather I obeyed them. What the real feelings of one of them were--the -one for whom you speak--you will know from the letters he has sent to -you and to others. I should never have opened them, had it not been -for the following circumstance. A packet was brought to me. I undid -it to see if there was any letter for me. There was none; but one for -Vatinius and another for Ligurius. Those I had - - * * * * * - - Page 380 - -statim ardentes dolore venerunt scelus hominis clamantes; epistulas -mihi legerunt plenas omnium in me probrorum. Hic Ligurius furere. "Se -enim scire summo illum in odio fuisse Caesari. Illum tamen non modo -favisse, sed etiam tantam illi pecuniam dedisse honoris mei causa." Hoc -ego dolore accepto volui scire, quid scripsisset ad ceteros; ipsi enim -illi putavi perniciosum fore, si eius hoc tantum scelus percrebruisset. -Cognovi eiusdem generis. Ad te misi. Quas si putabis illi ipsi utile -esse reddi, reddes. Nil me laedet. Nam, quod resignatae sunt, habet, -opinor, eius signum Pomponia. Hac ille acerbitate initio navigationis -cum usus esset, tanto me dolore adfecit, ut postea iacuerim, neque nunc -tam pro se quam contra me laborare dicitur. - -Ita omnibus rebus urgeor; quas sustinere vix possum vel plane nullo -modo possum. Quibus in miseriis una est pro omnibus, quod istam miseram -patrimonio, fortuna omni spoliatam relinquam. Quare te, ut polliceris, -videre plane velim. Alium enim, cui illam commendem, habeo neminem, -quoniam matri quoque eadem intellexi esse parata quae mihi. Sed, si me -non offendes, satis tamen habeto commendatam, patruumque in ea, quantum -poteris, mitigato. - -Haec ad te die natali meo scripsi. Quo utinam susceptus non essem, -aut ne quid ex eadem matre postea natum esset! Plura scribere fletu -prohibeor. - - * * * * * - - Page 381 - -sent to them. They came to me at once boiling with indignation and -crying shame on him, and they read me letters full of all kinds of -abuse of myself. Then Ligurius burst out with fury, "to his certain -knowledge Caesar detested Quintus and had favoured him and given him -all that money out of compliment to me." After this blow I wanted -to know what he had said to the others: for I thought it would be -disastrous to his own reputation if such a scandal got abroad. I found -they were all of a piece, and have sent them to you. If you think it -will do him any good to have them delivered, have them delivered. It -won't do me any harm. Though the seals are broken, I think Pomponia -has his signet. When, at the beginning of our voyage, he adopted this -bitter tone, I was so upset that I was prostrated afterwards; and now -he is said to be working against me rather than for himself. - -So I am weighed down by such a heavy burden of griefs that I can hardly -bear up under it; indeed, I cannot possibly bear up under it. And among -all my miseries there is one that outweighs all the rest--that I shall -leave that poor girl[175] deprived of her patrimony and penniless. -So I hope you will fulfil your promise and look after her. I have no -one else to entrust her to, for I hear that her mother is threatened -with the same fate as myself. If you do not find me here, take this as -sufficient injunction as regards her, and soften her uncle towards her -as far as you can. - -[175] Tullia. - -This I am writing on my birthday. Would that I had been left to die on -the day of my birth, or that my mother had never had another child. -Tears prevent me from writing more. - - * * * * * - - Page 382 - - - - -X - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi XII K. Febr. a. 707_] - -Ad meas incredibiles aegritudines aliquid novi accedit ex iis, quae de -Q. Q. ad me adferuntur. P. Terentius, meus necessarius, operas in portu -et scriptura Asiae pro magistro dedit. Is Quintum filium Ephesi vidit -VI Idus Decembr. eumque studiose propter amicitiam nostram invitavit; -cumque ex eo de me percontaretur, eum sibi ita dixisse narrabat, se -mihi esse inimicissimum, volumenque sibi ostendisse orationis, quam -apud Caesarem contra me esset habiturus. Multa a se dicta contra eius -amentiam. Multa postea Patris simili scelere secum Quintum patrem -locutum; cuius furorem ex iis epistulis, quas ad te misi, perspicere -potuisti. Haec tibi dolori esse certo scio; me quidem excruciant, et eo -magis, quod mihi cum illis ne querendi quidem locum futurum puto. - -De Africanis rebus longe alia nobis, ac tu scripseras, nuntiantur. -Nihil enim firmius esse dicunt, nihil paratius. Accedit Hispania et -alienata Italia, legionum nec vis eadem nec voluntas, urbanae res -perditae. Quid est, ubi acquiescam, nisi quam diu tuas litteras lego? -Quae essent profecto crebriores, si quid haberes, quo putares meam -molestiam minui posse. Sed tamen te rogo, ut ne intermittas scribere -ad me, quicquid erit, eosque, qui mihi tam crudeliter inimici sunt, si -odisse non potes, accuses tamen - - * * * * * - - Page 383 - - - - -X - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium Jan. 19_, B.C. _47_] - -To my sorrows, which are incalculable, there has come an addition -in the news that is brought me about the two Quinti. My friend P. -Terentius was acting as deputy to the collector of port-dues and -pasture tax in Asia, and he saw young Quintus at Ephesus on the 8th -of December and gave him a cordial invitation on account of our -friendship. And when he asked him something about me, Quintus told -him that I was his deadliest enemy and showed him the manuscript of a -speech which he said he was going to deliver before Caesar against me. -Terentius said all he could to dissuade him from such folly. Afterwards -at Patrae the elder Quintus talked freely to him in the same scandalous -strain. What a rage he is in you will have inferred from the letters -I sent you. I am sure this will grieve you. To me it is positive -torture, especially as I don't expect I shall even have a chance of -expostulating with them. - -The news I get about the state of affairs in Africa is quite different -to what you sent me. They say that all is as strong and as ready as -possible. Then there are Spain and Italy alienated from Caesar; his -legions are not what they were either in strength or in loyalty; and -in the city things are in a poor plight; I cannot get a moment's -peace except when I am reading your letters. They would certainly be -more frequent, if you had any news which you thought would lighten my -sorrows. Still I beg you not to neglect writing to me, whatever the -news may be; and, if you cannot bring yourself to hate those who have -shown such unfeeling hostility to me, at - - * * * * * - - Page 384 - -non ut aliquid proficias, sed ut tibi me carum esse sentiant. Plura -ad te scribam, si mihi ad eas litteras, quas proxime ad te dedi, -rescripseris. Vale. - -XII K. Febr. - - - - -XI - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi VIII Id. Mart. a. 707_] - -Confectus iam cruciatu maximorum dolorum, ne si sit quidem, quod ad te -debeam scribere, facile id exsequi possim, hoc minus, quod res nulla -est, quae scribenda sit, cum praesertim ne spes quidem ulla ostendatur -fore melius. Ita iam ne tuas quidem litteras exspecto, quamquam semper -aliquid adferunt, quod velim. Quare tu quidem scribito, cum erit, cui -des. Ego tuis proximis, quas tamen iam pridem accepi, nihil habeo quod -rescribam; longo enim intervallo video immutata esse omnia; illa esse -firma, quae debeant, nos stultitiae nostrae gravissimas poenas pendere. - -P. Sallustio curanda sunt HS X̅X̅X̅, quae accepi a Cn. Sallustio. Velim -videas, ut sine mora curentur. De ea re scripsi ad Terentiam. Atque hoc -ipsum iam prope consumptum est. Quare id quoque velim cum illa videas, -ut sit, qui utamur. Hic fortasse potero sumere, si sciam istic paratum -fore; sed, priusquam id scirem, nihil sum ausus sumere. Qui sit omnium -rerum status noster, vides. Nihil est mali, quod non et sustineam et -exspectem. Quarum - - * * * * * - - Page 385 - -any rate reprove them, not in the hope of doing any good, but to make -them feel that I am dear to you. I will write more, if you answer the -last letter I sent. Farewell. - -Jan. 19. - - - - -XI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, March 8_, B.C. _47_] - -Worn out as I am by the agony of my grievous sorrows I should not find -it an easy task to write to you, even if there were anything I ought -to write; and it is far less easy, when I have nothing worth writing, -especially as there is not even a gleam of hope for better days. So -hopeless am I that now I do not look forward even to your letters, -though they always bring me something I like to hear. So pray write, -whenever you have a messenger. I have no answer to give to your last -letter, though it is a long time since I received it, for I see no -change in the long interval: the right cause is strong, and I am paying -very heavily for my folly. - -The £250[176] which I had from Cn. Sallustius are to be paid to P. -Sallustius. Please see that it is done without delay. I have written -to Terentia about it. And now it is nearly all spent: so I wish you -would arrange with her for some money for me to go on with. I shall -possibly be able to get some here, if I know I have a balance at Rome; -but, before I know that, I dare not try. You see the position of all -my affairs. There is no sort of misfortune which I am not enduring and -expecting. For this state of affairs - -[176] 30,000 sesterces. - - * * * * * - - Page 386 - - -rerum eo gravior est dolor, quo culpa maior. Ille in Achaia non cessat -de nobis detrahere. Nihil videlicet tuae litterae profecerunt. Vale. - -VIII Idus Mart. - - - - -XII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi VIII Id. Mart. a. 707_] - -Cephalio mihi a te litteras reddidit a. d. VIII Id. Mart. vespere. Eo -autem die mane tabellarios miseram; quibus ad te dederam litteras. -Tuis tamen lectis litteris putavi iam aliquid rescribendum esse ea re -maxime, quod ostendis te pendere animi, quamnam rationem sim Caesari -allaturus profectionis meae tum, cum ex Italia discesserim. Nihil opus -est mihi nova ratione. Saepe enim ad eum scripsi multisque mandavi, -me non potuisse, cum cupissem, sermones hominum sustinere, multaque -in eam sententiam. Nihil enim erat, quod minus eum vellem existimare, -quam me tanta de re non meo consilio usum esse. Posteaque, cum mihi -litterae a Balbo Cornelio minore missae essent illum existimare Quintum -fratrem "lituum" meae profectionis fuisse (ita enim scripsit), qui -nondum cognossem, quae de me Quintus scripsisset ad multos, etsi multa -praesens in praesentem acerbe dixerat et fecerat, tamen nilo minus his -verbis ad Caesarem scripsi: - -"De Quinto fratre meo non minus laboro quam de me ipso, sed eum tibi -commendare hoc meo tempore non audeo. Illud dumtaxat tamen audebo -petere - - * * * * * - - Page 387 - -I feel the greater sorrow, because my fault is greater. My brother in -Achaia does not cease slandering me. Your letter has of course had no -effect. Farewell. - -March 8. - - - - -XII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, March 8_, B.C. _47_] - -Cephalio delivered a letter from you on the 8th of March in the -evening. Now on the morning of the same day I had sent messengers and -had given them a letter for you. But, when I read yours, I thought -I ought to send some answer, particularly because you show you are -in doubt as to what explanation I am going to offer Caesar of my -departure when I did depart from Italy. I have no necessity for a new -explanation, for I have often told him myself and instructed others -to tell him that I could not put up with people's talk, although I -wished it, and much else to the same effect. For there is nothing that -I should be more unwilling for him to imagine than that I did not make -up my own mind on so important a question. Afterwards I received a -letter from Cornelius Balbus the younger saying that Caesar thought my -brother Quintus had sounded the bugle for my departure (that was his -expression). I was not then aware of what Quintus had written about -me to many people; but, though he had spoken and acted with great -bitterness when face to face with me, none the less I wrote to Caesar -as follows: - -"I am as much troubled about my brother Quintus as about myself; but -under the present circumstances I do not venture to recommend him to -you. One thing, however, I will venture to ask you--I - - * * * * * - - Page 388 - -abs te, quod te oro, ne quid existimes ab illo factum esse, quo minus -mea in te officia constarent, minusve te diligerem, potiusque semper -illum auctorem nostrae coniunctionis fuisse, meique itineris comitem, -non ducem. Quare ceteris in rebus tantum ei tribues, quantum humanitas -tua amicitiaque vestra postulat. Ego ei ne quid apud te obsim, id te -vehementer etiam atque etiam rogo." - -Quare, si quis congressus fuerit mihi cum Caesare, etsi non dubito, -quin is lenis in illum futurus sit idque iam declaraverit, ego tamen is -ero, qui semper fui. Sed, ut video, multo magis est nobis laborandum de -Africa; quam quidem tu scribis confirmari cotidie magis ad condicionis -spem quam victoriae. Quod utinam ita esset! Sed longe aliter esse -intellego teque ipsum ita existimare arbitror, aliter autem scribere -non fallendi, sed confirmandi mei causa, praesertim cum adiungatur ad -Africam etiam Hispania. - -Quod me admones, ut scribam ad Antonium et ad ceteros, si quid -videbitur tibi opus esse, velim facias id, quod saepe fecisti. Nihil -enim mihi venit in mentem, quod scribendum putem. Quod me audis -erectiorem esse animo, quid putas, cum videas accessisse ad superiores -aegritudines praeclaras generi - - * * * * * - - Page 389 - -beseech you to acquit him of doing anything to disturb my sense of your -claims on me or to lessen my affection for you, and rather to regard -him as the main factor of our union and the companion, not the leader, -in my departure. And therefore in all other matters you will give -him all the credit that your own kindness and your mutual friendship -demands. What I earnestly beg you again and again is, that you will not -let me stand in his light with you." - -So, if I ever do meet Caesar, though I have no doubt that he will be -lenient to Quintus and that he has already made that plain, I shall -behave as I always have behaved. But, as I see, what I ought to be -most anxious about is Africa, which you say is daily growing stronger, -though only to the extent of raising hopes of a compromise rather -than a victory. If it could only be true! But I read the signs quite -differently, and I think you agree with me, and only say the contrary -to hearten me, not to deceive me, especially as Spain too has now -joined Africa.[177] - -[177] After his victory in Spain in 49 B.C., Caesar left Q. Cassius -Longinus in command there; but Spain went over to Pompey and both -Longinus and his successor, C. Trebonius, were driven out. - -You advise me to write to Antony and others. If you think it necessary, -please do it for me, as you have often done before; for I cannot think -of anything worth writing. You hear I am less broken-spirited; but can -you believe it, when you see that to my former troubles are now added -my son-in-law's fine doings?[178] However, pray do not cease - -[178] Dolabella as tribune endeavoured to introduce a bill for the -relief of debtors, which caused riots. - - * * * * * - - Page 390 - -actiones? Tu tamen velim ne intermittas, quod eius facere poteris, -scribere ad me, etiamsi rem, de qua scribas, non habebis. Semper enim -adferunt aliquid mihi tuae litterae. - -Galeonis hereditatem crevi. Puto enim cretionem simplicem fuisse, -quoniam ad me nulla missa est. - -VIII Idus Martias. - - - - -XIII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi VII Id. Mart. aut paulo post, a. 707_] - -A Murenae liberto nihil adhuc acceperam litterarum. P. Siser reddiderat -eas, quibus rescribo. De Servi patris litteris quod scribis, item -Quintum in Syriam venisse quod ais esse qui nuntient, ne id quidem -verum est. Quod certiorem te vis fieri, quo quisque in me animo sit aut -fuerit eorum, qui huc venerunt, neminem alieno intellexi. Sed, quantum -id mea intersit, existimare te posse certo scio. Mihi cum omnia sint -intolerabilia ad dolorem, tum maxime quod in eam causam venisse me -video, ut sola utilia mihi esse videantur, quae semper nolui. - -P. Lentulum patrem Rhodi esse aiunt, Alexandreae filium, Rhodoque -Alexandream C. Cassium profectum esse constat. Quintus mihi per -litteras satis facit multo asperioribus verbis, quam cum gravissime -accusabat. Ait enim se ex litteris tuis intellegere tibi non placere, -quod ad multos de me asperius scripserit, - - * * * * * - - Page 391 - -doing what you can to hearten me, that is writing to me, even if you -have nothing to say. For a letter from you always brings me something. - -I have accepted Galeo's legacy. I suppose it only required a simple -form of acceptance,[179] since none was sent to me. - -[179] _cretio_ = the formal acceptance of a legacy, and _cretio -simplex_ apparently means that no restrictions on the form of -acceptance were laid down in the will. - -March 8. - - - - -XIII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brudisium, March 9_ (?), B.C. _47_] - -I have not received any letter from Murena's freedman as yet. It was P. -Siser who delivered the one I am answering. You speak of a letter from -Servius' father, and you tell me some say that Quintus has landed in -Syria: neither is true. You want to be informed how those who have come -here feel or felt towards me. I have not found any ill-disposed: but, -how important that is to me, I am sure you can imagine. To me the whole -state of affairs is insufferably painful; and most of all that I have -got myself into such a case, that the only things that can be of any -use to me are precisely what I have always wished not to happen. - -They say the elder P. Lentulus is at Rhodes, the younger at Alexandria, -and it is certain that C. Cassius has left Rhodes for Alexandria. -Quintus has written to apologize to me in terms much more irritating -than when he was abusing me most violently. For he says that he -understands from your letter that you were annoyed with him for writing - - * * * * * - - Page 392 - -itaque se paenitere, quod animum tuum offenderit; sed se iure fecisse. -Deinde perscribit spurcissime, quas ob causas fecerit. Sed neque hoc -tempore nec antea patefecisset odium suum in me, nisi omnibus rebus me -esse oppressum videret. Atque utinam vel nocturnis, quem ad modum tu -scripseras, itineribus propius te accessissem! Nunc, nec ubi nec quando -te sim visurus, possum suspicari. - -De coheredibus Fufidianis nihil fuit quod ad me scriberes; nam et -aequum postulant, et, quicquid egisses, recte esse actum putarem. De -fundo Frusinati redimendo iam pridem intellexisti voluntatem meam. -Etsi tum meliore loco res erant nostrae neque tam mihi desperatum -iri videbantur, tamen in eadem sum voluntate. Id quem ad modum fiat, -tu videbis. Et velim, quod poteris, consideres, ut sit, unde nobis -suppeditentur sumptus necessarii. Si quas habuimus facultates, eas -Pompeio tum, cum id videbamur sapienter facere, detulimus. Itaque -tum et a tuo vilico sumpsimus et aliunde mutuati sumus; nunc Quintus -queritur per litteras sibi nos nihil dedisse, qui neque ab illo rogati -sumus neque ipsi eam pecuniam aspeximus. Sed velim videas, quid sit, -quod confici possit, quidque mihi de omnibus des consilii; et causam -nosti. - -Plura ne scribam, dolore impedior. Si quid erit, quod ad quos -scribendum meo nomine putes, velim, ut soles, facias, quotiensque -habebis, cui des ad me litteras, nolim praetermittas. Vale. - - * * * * * - - Page 393 - -harshly about me to many people, and so he is sorry that he hurt -your feelings: but he was right in what he did. Then he explains -with the greatest coarseness why he did it. But he would never have -shown his hatred for me either now or before, if he had not seen that -everything was against me. How I wish I had got nearer to you, even by -night-journeys as you suggested. Now I cannot conceive where or when I -shall see you. - -As to my co-heirs in Fufidius' property, there was no reason for you -to write to me: for their demand is quite just, and anything you did -I should think right. As to the repurchase of the estate at Frusino, -you know already what I wish. Though my affairs were then in a better -position, and I did not expect to be in such desperate straits, still -my mind has not altered. How it is to be done, you will arrange. And -please consider to the best of your ability some way of obtaining ready -money for current expenses. All the money I had I handed over to Pompey -at a time when it seemed advisable to do so. So then I took money from -your steward and borrowed from others, and now Quintus complains by -letter that I did not give him a penny, when he never asked for it -and I never set eyes on the money myself. But please see what can be -managed and what advice you have to give me on all points: you know all -about it. - -Grief prevents me from writing more. If there is anything you think -should be written to anyone in my name, please do so as usual; and as -often as you have anyone to whom you can give a letter to me, don't -forget it. Farewell. - - * * * * * - - Page 394 - - - - -XIV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi circ. VI K. Mai. a. 707_] - -Non me offendit veritas litterarum tuarum, quod me cum communibus tum -praecipuis malis oppressum ne incipis quidem, ut solebas, consolari -faterisque id fieri iam non posse. Nec enim ea sunt, quae erant antea, -cum, ut nihil aliud, comites me et socios habere putabam. Omnes enim -Achaici deprecatores itemque in Asia, quibus non erat ignotum, etiam -quibus erat, in Africam dicuntur navigaturi. Ita praeter Laelium -neminem habeo culpae socium; qui tamen hoc meliore in causa est, quod -iam est receptus. De me autem non dubito quin ad Balbum et ad Oppium -scripserit; a quibus, si quid esset laetius, certior factus essem, -tecum etiam essent locuti. Quibuscum tu de hoc ipso conloquare velim -et ad me, quid tibi responderint, scribas, non quod ab isto salus -data quicquam habitura sit firmitudinis, sed tamen aliquid consuli et -prospici poterit. Etsi omnium conspectum horreo, praesertim hoc genero, -tamen, in tantis malis quid aliud velim, non reperio. Quintus pergit, -ut ad me et Pansa scripsit et Hirtius, isque item Africam petere cum -ceteris dicitur. Ad Minucium Tarentum scribam et tuas litteras mittam; -ad te scribam, num quid egerim. HS X̅X̅X̅ potuisse mirarer, nisi multa -de - - * * * * * - - Page 395 - - - - -XIV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, circa Apr. 25_, B.C. _47_] - -I am not offended with you for telling me the truth in your letter and -not even attempting, as you were wont, to console me under my burden -of public and personal woes, which you confess is impossible now. For -affairs are no longer in the position they were, when, if nothing else, -I thought I had companions and partners in my policy. For all those -in Achaia and in Asia, who petitioned for pardon and did not obtain -it, and even some of those who did, are said to be on the point of -sailing for Africa. So I have no one to share my fault except Laelius, -and even he is in a better position than I am in one respect, as he -has been taken back now.[180] But about me I have no doubt that Caesar -has written to Balbus and Oppius: if the news had been good, I should -have heard from them and they would have spoken to you too. I should -like you to speak to them about it and to let me know what they say, -not that any safeguard given by him can have any certainty, but still -something can be foreseen and provided for. Though I am ashamed to look -anyone in the face, especially with such a son-in-law, still in this -disastrous crisis I see nothing else to wish for. Quintus is still -keeping on, as both Pansa and Hirtius have written to tell me; and he -is said too to be making for Africa with the rest. I will write to -Minucius at Tarentum, and send your letter: I will let you know whether -anything comes of it. I should have been surprised that - -[180] By the loyalist party. - - * * * * * - - Page 396 - -Fufidianis praediis. Sed avide tamen[181] te exspecto; quem videre, si -ullo modo potest (poscit enim res), pervelim. Iam extremum concluditur; -quod quale sit, ibi facile est,[182] hic gravius existimare. Vale. - -[181] Sed avide tamen te _Wesenberg_: et advideo tamen _MSS._ - -[182] quod quale sit, ibi facile est _Purser_: ibi facile est, quod -quale sit _MSS._ - - - - -XV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi prid. Id. Mai. a. 707_] - -Quoniam iustas causas adfers, cur te hoc tempore videre non possim, -quaere, quaeso, quid sit mihi faciendum. Ille enim ita videtur -Alexandream tenere, ut eum scribere etiam pudeat de illis rebus, hi -autem ex Africa iam adfuturi videntur, Achaici, item ex Asia redituri -ad eos aut libero aliquo loco commoraturi. Quid mihi igitur putas -agendum? Video difficile esse consilium. Sum enim solus aut cum altero, -cui neque ad illos reditus sit neque ab his ipsis quicquam ad spem -ostendatur. Sed tamen scire velim, quid censeas; idque erat cum aliis, -cur te, si fieri posset, cuperem videre. - -Minucium X̅I̅I̅ sola curasse scripsi ad te antea. Quod superest, velim -videas, ut curetur. Quintus non modo non cum magna prece ad me, sed -acerbissime scripsit, filius vero mirifico odio. Nihil fingi - - * * * * * - - Page 397 - -you were able to raise the £250,[183] if there had not been a good -receipt from Fufidius' estates. However I am looking forward eagerly -to your coming: it is my great desire to see you, if it is anyhow -possible--for indeed circumstances demand it. The end is now drawing -near; and, what it will be, it is easy to estimate at Rome, but here it -is more difficult. Farewell. - -[183] 30,000 sesterces. - - - - -XV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, May 14_, B.C. _47_] - -Since you give good reasons why I cannot see you at the present time, -pray consider what I am to do. For although Caesar holds Alexandria, he -seems to be ashamed even to send a dispatch about it, while the others -are apparently on the eve of coming here from Africa, and those in -Achaia too are either going to return from Asia to join them or they -are going to stop in some neutral place. So what do you think I am to -do? I see advice is difficult. For I am the one and only person--except -perhaps one other, who cannot return to the one party and who has no -hope at all offered him from the other. Still I should like to know -what you think: and that was one reason, among others, why I should -have liked to see you, if it were possible. - -I told you before that Minucius has only paid £100.[184] Please see -that the rest is provided. Quintus in his letter instead of an earnest -appeal used the most bitter language, and his son showed extraordinary -animosity. There is no conceivable ill - -[184] 12,000 sesterces. - - * * * * * - - Page 398 - -potest mali, quo non urgear. Omnia tamen sunt faciliora quam peccati -dolor, qui et maximus est et aeternus. Cuius peccati si socios essem -habiturus ego, quos putavi, tamen esset ea consolatio tenuis. Sed -habet aliorum omnium ratio exitum, mea nullum. Alii capti, alii -interclusi non veniunt in dubium de voluntate, eo minus scilicet, cum -se expedierint et una esse coeperint. Ei autem ipsi, qui sua voluntate -ad Fufium venerunt, nihil possunt nisi timidi existimari. Multi autem -sunt, qui, quocumque modo ad illos se recipere volent, recipientur. -Quo minus debes mirari non posse me tanto dolori resistere. Solius -enim meum peccatum corrigi non potest et fortasse Laeli. Sed quid me -id levat? Nam C. quidem Cassium aiunt consilium Alexandream eundi -mutavisse. - -Haec ad te scribo, non ut queas tu demere[185] sollicitudinem, sed ut -cognoscam, ecquid tu ad ea adferas, quae me conficiunt; ad quae gener -accedit et cetera, quae fletu reprimor ne scribam. Quin etiam Aesopi -filius me excruciat. Prorsus nihil abest, quin sim miserrimus. Sed -ad primum revertor, quid putes faciendum, occultene aliquo propius -veniendum an - -[185] queas tu demere _M_ (_margin_): quem tuam demere _M_. - - * * * * * - - Page 399 - -with which I am not oppressed. But all of them are lighter to bear than -my sense of guilt: that is overwhelming and enduring. If I were to have -those, whom I thought I had, to share that guilt, that would still be -some consolation, though a poor one. But every one else's case admits -of some way out, mine of none. Some were captured, some cut off, so -there is no doubt about their intentions, especially since they have -extricated themselves and joined forces again. Nay even those, who of -their own free will came to Fufius,[186] can only be thought cowards. -But there are many who will be taken back, however they choose to take -themselves back to the fold. So you ought not to be surprised that I -cannot bear up against all my sorrow. For I am the one and only person -whose slip cannot be mended, except perhaps Laelius--and what good is -that?--for they say even C. Cassius has changed his mind about going to -Alexandria. - -[186] Q. Fufius Calenus was appointed governor of Greece after -Pharsalia by Caesar, and many Pompeians surrendered to him. - -This I am writing to you not in the hope that you may remove my -care, but to know whether you have any suggestion to make about the -things that are wearing me out: to the rest you may add my son-in-law -and other things which tears prevent me from writing. Why, even -Aesopus'[187] son grieves me sorely. There is absolutely nothing -wanting to make me the most miserable of men. But I return to the first -point. What do you think I ought to do, come secretly - -[187] Aesopus was a famous tragic actor and a friend of Cicero. His son -was dissolute and supposed to have a bad influence on Dolabella. - - * * * * * - - Page 400 - -mare transeundum. Nam hic maneri diutius non potest. - -De Fufidianis quare nihil potuit confici? Genus enim condicionis eius -modi fuit, in quo non solet esse controversia, cum ea pars, quae -videtur esse minor, licitatione expleri posset. Hoc ego non sine causa -quaero. Suspicor enim coheredes dubiam nostram causam putare et eo rem -in integro esse malle. Vale. - -Pr. Idus Maias. - - - - -XVI - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi III Non. Iun. a. 707_] - -Non meo vitio fit hoc quidem tempore (ante enim est peccatum), ut -me ista epistula nihil consoletur. Nam et exigue scripta est et -suspiciones magnas habet non esse ab illo; quas animadvertisse te -existimo. De obviam itione ita faciam, ut suades. Neque enim ulla -de adventu eius opinio est, neque, si qui ex Asia veniunt, quicquam -auditum esse dicunt de pace; cuius ego spe in hanc fraudem incidi. - -Nihil video, quod sperandum putem, nunc praesertim, cum ea plaga in -Asia sit accepta, in Illyrico, in Cassiano negotio, in ipsa Alexandrea, -in urbe, in Italia. Ego vero, etiamsi rediturus ille est, qui adhuc - - * * * * * - - Page 401 - -somewhere nearer Rome, or cross the sea? For stay here any longer I -cannot. - -Why could nothing be settled about Fufidius' estate? For the -arrangement was one about which there is generally no dispute, since -the share, which seems smaller, can be made up by the proceeds of the -sale.[188] I have a reason for asking. For I suspect my co-heirs think -my case is doubtful, and so prefer to keep the matter open. Farewell. - -[188] If property could not be divided fairly among heirs, the -indivisible part was put up for private auction among them and the -proceeds divided. - -May 14. - - - - -XVI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, June 3_, B.C. _47_] - -It is not my fault at the present time (for I did commit an error -before) that the letter you send[189] does not give me any consolation. -For it is grudgingly written, and raises great suspicion that it is -not by Caesar: I expect you noticed that too. About going to meet him -I will do as you advise. For no one thinks he is coming, and those who -come from Asia say there has been no word of peace: and it was hope of -a peace that led me into this error. - -[189] A letter purporting to come from Caesar, but later found to be a -forgery. - -I see nothing to make me think of hope, especially now that that blow -has fallen in Asia, in Illyricum, in the Cassian affair, in Alexandria -itself, in Rome and in Italy.[190] For my part, even if he is on his -return--whereas - -[190] Cicero alludes to the defeat of Domitius Calvinus in Asia, the -failure of Aulus Gabinius in Illyricum, the insurrection of Baetica, -which forced Cassius to leave the province, Caesar's difficulties at -Alexandria, the riots in Rome, and the mutinous state of the army in -Italy. - - * * * * * - - Page 402 - -bellum gerere dicitur, tamen ante reditum eius negotium confectum iri -puto. - -Quod autem scribis quandam laetitiam bonorum esse commotam, ut sit -auditum de litteris, tu quidem nihil praetermittis in quo putes -aliquid solacii esse, sed ego non adducor quemquam bonum ullam salutem -putare mihi tanti fuisse, ut eam peterem ab illo, et eo minus, quod -huius consilii iam ne socium quidem habeo quemquam. Qui in Asia sunt, -rerum exitum exspectant, Achaici etiam Fufio spem deprecationis -afferunt. Horum et timor idem fuit primo qui meus et constitutum; mora -Alexandrina causam illorum correxit, meam evertit. Quam ob rem idem a -te nunc peto quod superioribus litteris, ut, si quid in perditis rebus -dispiceres, quod mihi putares faciendum, me moneres. Si recipior ab -his, quod vides non fieri, tamen, quoad bellum erit, quid agam aut ubi -sim, non reperio; sin iactor, eo minus. Itaque tuas litteras exspecto, -easque ut ad me sine dubitatione scribas, rogo. - -Quod suades, ut ad Quintum scribam de his litteris, facerem, si me -quicquam istae litterae delectarent. Etsi quidam scripsit ad me his -verbis: "Ego ut in his malis Patris sum non invitus; essem libentius, -si frater tuus ea de te loqueretur, quae ego audire vellem." Quod ais -illum ad te scribere me - - * * * * * - - Page 403 - -he is said to be still fighting--still I think the business will be -settled before he does return. - -You say, however, that some feeling of pleasure was aroused among the -loyalists when they heard of this letter. Of course you do not omit -anything in which you think there is the least consolation, but I -cannot bring myself to believe that any of the loyalists supposed that -I prize any salvation highly enough to beg for it of him: especially as -I have not even a single partner in this policy now. Those who are in -Asia are waiting to see how things turn out: those in Achaia too keep -holding out to Fufius the hope that they will petition for pardon. They -at first had the same fear and the same plan as myself; but the hitch -at Alexandria improved their case and ruined mine. So I still make the -same request of you as in former letters: if in these desperate straits -you see anything you think I ought to do, tell me of it. If I am taken -back by the loyalists, which you see is not the case, still, so long as -the war lasts, I don't see what I am to do or where I am to stay; still -less, if I am rejected by them. So I await a letter from you, and I beg -you to write to me without hesitation. - -You advise me to write to Quintus about this letter. I would, if the -letter gave me any pleasure, though some one has written to me saying: -"Considering the evil days, I am pretty comfortable at Patrae, and I -should be more so, if your brother would speak of you as I should like -to hear him." - - * * * * * - - Page 404 - -sibi nullas litteras remittere, semel ab ipso accepi. Ad eas Cephalioni -dedi, qui multos menses tempestatibus retentus est. Quintum filium ad -me acerbissime scripsisse iam ante ad te scripsi. - -Extremum est, quod te orem, si putas rectum esse et a te suscipi posse, -cum Camillo communices, ut Terentiam moneatis de testamento. Tempora -monent, ut videat, ut satis faciat, quibus debeat. Auditum ex Philotimo -est eam scelerate quaedam facere. Credibile vix est, sed certe, si quid -est, quod fieri possit, providendum est. De omnibus rebus velim ad me -scribas, et maxime quid sentias de ea, in qua tuo consilio egeo, etiam -si nihil excogitas. Id enim mihi erit pro desperato. - -III Non. Iun. - - - - -XVII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi prid. Id aut Id. Iun. a. 707_] - -Properantibus tabellariis alienis hanc epistulam dedi. Eo brevior est, -et quod eram missurus nostros. Tullia mea venit ad me pr. Idus Iunias -deque tua erga se observantia benevolentiaque mihi plurima exposuit -litterasque reddidit trinas. Ego autem ex ipsius virtute, humanitate, -pietate non modo eam voluptatem non cepi, quam capere ex singulari -filia debui, sed etiam incredibili sum dolore adfectus tale ingenium in -tam misera fortuna versari idque accidere - - * * * * * - - Page 405 - -As to his writing to you to say that I don't answer any of his letters, -I've only had one from him. To that I gave an answer to Cephalio, but -he was delayed many months by storms. I have already mentioned that -young Quintus has written to me most bitterly. - -The last thing I have to ask you is, that, if you think it right -and care to undertake it, you and Camillus together should advise -Terentia to make her will. Circumstances suggest that she ought to make -provision for satisfying her creditors. I hear from Philotimus that she -is doing some underhand things. I can hardly believe it; but anyhow, if -there is anything of the kind (and there possibly may be), it ought to -be guarded against. Please write to me about everything, and especially -what you think about her. I want your advice about her, even if you -cannot think of any plan: for in that case I shall take it the case is -desperate. - -June 3. - - - - -XVII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, June 12 or 13_, B.C. _47_] - -I have given this letter to some one else's messengers, who are in -a hurry. That is why it is short; also because I am just going to -send my own. Tullia came to me on the 12th of June and told me of all -your attention and kindness to her and delivered three letters. I -however have not derived the pleasure from her goodness, kindness and -affection, which I ought to derive from a matchless daughter, nay, my -grief exceeds all bounds when I think that such a fine character should -be involved in such a - - * * * * * - - Page 406 - -nullo ipsius delicto summa culpa mea. Itaque a te neque consolationem -iam, qua cupere te uti video, nec consilium, quod capi nullum potest, -exspecto, teque omnia cum superioribus saepe litteris tam proximis -temptasse intellego. - - - - -Ep. XVIIa - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi XVII K. Quint. a. 707_] - -Ego cum Sallustio Ciceronem ad Caesarem mittere cogitabam; Tulliam -autem non videbam esse causam cur diutius mecum tanto in communi -maerore retinerem. Itaque matri eam, cum primum per ipsam liceret, eram -remissurus. Pro ea, quam ad modum consolantis scripsisti, putato ea me -scripsisse, quae tu ipse intellegis responderi potuisse. - -Quod Oppium tecum scribis locutum, non abhorret a mea suspicione eius -oratio. Sed non dubito, quin istis persuaderi nullo modo possit ea, -quae faciant, mihi probari posse, quoquo modo loquar. Ego tamen utar -moderatione, qua potero; quamquam, quid mea intersit, ut eorum odium -subeam, non intellego. - -Te iusta causa impediri, quo minus ad nos venias, video, idque mihi -valde molestum est. Illum ab Alexandrea discessisse nemo nuntiat, -constatque ne profectum quidem illim quemquam post Idus Martias nec -post Idus Decembr. ab illo datas ullas litteras. Ex quo intellegis -illud de litteris a. d. V Idus Febr. datis, - - * * * * * - - Page 407 - -distressful fate, and that this should happen through no fault of hers, -but through my own grave error. So I do not expect any consolation from -you now, though I see you are ready to offer it, nor any counsel, since -none can be taken: and I realize that you have tried every way in your -former letters and in these last. - - - - -XVIIa - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, June 14_, B.C. _47_] - -I am thinking of sending my son with Sallustius to Caesar. As for -Tullia, I see no reason for keeping her with me any longer when both of -us are in such sorrow: so I am going to send her back to her mother, as -soon as she herself will allow me. In return for the letter which you -wrote in a consolatory style, please consider that I have made the only -answer, which, as you yourself know, was possible. - -You tell me Oppius has had a talk with you: and what you say agrees -well enough with my suspicions of him. But I feel sure that party[191] -can never be convinced that their actions can possibly win my approval, -whatever I may say. However, I will be as moderate as I can: though, -what difference it makes to me, if I do incur their enmity, I cannot -conceive. - -[191] Caesar's followers. - -I see you have a good reason for not being able to come to me: and -I am very sorry that is so. There is no news that Caesar has left -Alexandria; and it is well known that no one at all has left that place -since the 15th of March, and that he has despatched no letters since -the 13th of December. So you see it was quite untrue about the letter -dated Febr. 9, - - * * * * * - - Page 408 - -quod inane esset, etiamsi verum esset, non verum esse. L. Terentium -discessisse ex Africa scimus Paestumque venisse. Quid is adferat aut -quo modo exierit, aut quid in Africa fiat, scire velim. Dicitur enim -per Nasidium emissus esse. Id quale sit, velim, si inveneris, ad me -scribas. De HS X̅, ut scribis, faciam. Vale. - -XVII Kal. Quinctiles. - - - - -XVIII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi XII K. Quint. a 707_] - -De illius Alexandrea discessu nihil adhuc rumoris, contraque opinio -valde esse impeditum. Itaqae nec mitto, ut constitueram, Ciceronem, -et te rogo, ut me hinc expedias. Quodvis enim supplicium levius est -hac permansione. Hac de re et ad Antonium scripsi et ad Balbum et ad -Oppium. Sive enim bellum in Italia futurum est, sive classibus utetur, -hic esse me minime convenit; quorum fortasse utrumque erit, alterum -certe. Intellexi omnino ex Oppi sermone, quem tu mihi scripsisti, quae -istorum ira esset, sed, ut eam flectas, te rogo. Nihil omnino iam -exspecto nisi miserum, sed hoc perditius, in quo nunc sum, fieri nihil -potest. Quare et cum Antonio loquare velim et cum istis et rem, ut -poteris, expedias et mihi quam primum de omnibus rebus rescribas. Vale. - -XII Kal. Quinctil. - - * * * * * - - Page 409 - -though it would not have been of any importance, if it had been true. -I hear L. Terentius has left Africa and come to Paestum. What news he -brings, or how he got out, or what is happening in Africa, I should -like to know. For he is said to have been passed out through the agency -of Nasidius. What it all means, I wish you would write and tell me, if -you find out. I will do as you say about the 80 guineas.[192] Farewell. - -[192] 10,000 sesterces. - -June 14. - - - - -XVIII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, June 19_, B.C. _47_] - -There is no rumour of his leaving Alexandria as yet: on the contrary, -he is thought to be in great difficulties. So I am not sending my son, -as I had arranged, and I beseech you to get me away from here: for any -punishment is lighter to bear than staying here. On this point I have -written to Antony, to Balbus and to Oppius. For whether there is going -to be a war in Italy, or whether he will employ his fleet--and it may -be either, but one it must be--this is a most inappropriate place for -me. I understood of course from what Oppius said according to your -letter, how angry they are with me: but I beg you to turn their anger. -I don't expect anything now that is not unpleasant: but my present -condition is as desperate as anything can be. So please speak with -Antony and the Caesarians, and see the matter through for me as best -you can: and let me have an answer on all points as soon as possible. -Farewell. - -June 14. - - * * * * * - - Page 410 - - - - -XIX - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi XI K. Sext. a. 707_] - -Cum tuis dare possem litteras, non praetermisi, etsi, quod scriberem, -non habebam. Tu ad nos et rarius scribis, quam solebas, et brevius, -credo, quia nihil habes, quod me putes libenter legere aut audire -posse. Verum tamen velim, si quid erit, qualecumque erit, scribas. Est -autem unum, quod mihi sit optandum, si quid agi de pace possit; quod -nulla equidem habeo in spe; sed, quia tu leviter interdum significas, -cogis me sperare, quod optandum vix est. - -Philotimus dicitur Id. Sext. Nihil habeo de illo amplius. Tu velim ad -ea mihi rescribas, quae ad te antea scripsi. Mihi tantum temporis satis -est, dura ut in pessimis rebus aliquid caveam, qui nihil umquam cavi. -Vale. - -XI Kal. Sexti. - - - - -XX - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi XVI K. Sept. a. 707_] - -XVII K. Septembres venerat die XXVIII Seleucea Pieria C. Trebonius, qui -se Antiocheae diceret apud Caesarem vidisse Quintum filium cum Hirtio. -Eos de Quinto, quae voluissent, impetrasse nullo quidem negotio. Quod -ego magis gauderem, si ista nobis impetrata quicquam ad spem explorati -haberent. Sed - - * * * * * - - Page 411 - - - - -XIX - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, July 22_, B.C. _47_] - -As I had a chance of giving a letter to your men, I did not miss it, -though I have nothing to say. You are writing less often than you used -to do and less fully, I suppose because you have nothing that you think -I should be glad to read or hear. However please write, if there is -anything of any kind whatever. There is one thing that I do long for, -any possibility of a peace: myself I have no hope of such a thing: but, -as you sometimes give a slight hint, you compel me to have some hope of -what I hardly dare long for. - -Philotimus is said to be coming on the 13th of August. Of Caesar I -have no further news. Please answer my former letter. I only want time -enough to take some precaution now in my misfortunes, as I have never -taken any before. Farewell. - -July 22. - - - - -XX - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, Aug. 15_, B.C. _47_] - -On the 14th of August there arrived from Seleucea Pieria C. Trebonius -after 28 days' journey: and he said he had seen young Quintus at -Antioch in Caesar's train with Hirtius. They had got what they wanted -about my brother without any difficulty at all. I should feel more -joy at that, if what I have got myself gave me some sure ground for -hope.[193] But there are things - -[193] Or, as Tyrrell, "if the granting of such petitions afforded, in -my opinion, any sure basis for hope." - - * * * * * - - Page 412 - -et alia timenda sunt ab aliis Quintisque, et ab hoc ipso quae dantur ut -a domino, rursus in eiusdem sunt potestate. Etiam Sallustio ignovit. -Omnino dicitur nemini negare; quod ipsum est suspectum, notionem eius -differri. M. Gallius Q. f. mancipia Sallustio reddidit. Is venit, ut -legiones in Siciliam traduceret. Eo protinus iturum Caesarem Patris. -Quod si faciet, ego, quod ante mallem, aliquo propius accedam. Tuas -litteras ad eas, quibus a te proxime consilium petivi, vehementer -exspecto. Vale. - -XVI Kal. Septembres. - - - - -XXI - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi VI K. Sept. a. 707_] - -Accepi VI Kal. Sept. litteras a te datas XII Kal. doloremque, quem ex -Quinti scelere iam pridem acceptum iam abieceram, lecta eius epistula -gravissimum cepi. Tu etsi non potuisti ullo modo facere, ut mihi illam -epistulam non mitteres, tamen mallem non esse missam. - -Ad ea autem, quae scribis de testamento, videbis, quid et quo modo. De -nummis et illa sic scripsit ut ego ad te antea, et nos, si quid opus -erit, utemur ex eo, de quo scribis. - - * * * * * - - Page 413 - -I have to fear from the Quinti and others: and Caesar's own regal -concessions are again in his own power to revoke. He has even pardoned -Sallustius. Indeed he is said not to deny anyone, and that in itself -arouses a suspicion that he is only deferring investigation. M. -Gallius, son of Quintus, has given back his slaves to Sallustius. He -came to transport the legions to Sicily, and he says Caesar is going -from Patrae to Sicily. If he does, I shall come nearer Rome, and I wish -I had done so already. I am expecting eagerly your answer to my last -request for advice. Farewell. - -August 15. - - - - -XXI - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, Aug. 25_, B.C. _47_] - -On August 25 I received a letter from you dated Aug. 19, and, on -reading it, the sorrow which possessed me long ago at Quintus' shameful -conduct, but which I had now laid aside, was reawakened in all its -force. Though you could not possibly have helped sending me that -letter, I wish it had not been sent. - -For the points you mention about the will, please see what is to be -done and how. About the money, Terentia has written to me just what I -suggested to you before, and, if I need it, I will draw on the sum you -mention. - - * * * * * - - Page 414 - - -Ille ad Kal. Sept. Athenis non videtur fore. Multa eum in Asia dicuntur -morari, maxime Pharnaces. Legio XII, ad quam primam Sulla venit, -lapidibus egisse hominem dicitur. Nullam putant se commoturam. Illum -arbitrabantur protinus Patris in Siciliam. Sed, si hoc ita est, huc -veniat necesse est. Ac mallem illim; aliquo enim modo hinc evasissem. -Nunc metuo, ne sit exspectandum et cum reliquis etiam loci gravitas -huic miserrimae perferenda. - -Quod me mones, ut ea, quae agam, ad tempus accommodem, facerem, si res -pateretur, et si ullo modo fieri posset. Sed in tantis nostris peccatis -tantisque nostrorum iniuriis nihil est, quod aut facere dignum nobis -aut simulare possim. Sullana confers; in quibus omnia genere ipso -praeclarissima fuerunt, moderatione paulo minus temperata. Haec autem -eius modi sunt, ut obliviscar mei, multoque malim, quod omnibus sit -melius, quam[194] quorum utilitati meam adiunxi. Tu ad me tamen velim -quam saepissime scribas eoque magis, quod praeterea nemo scribit, ac, -si omnes, tuas tamen maxime exspectarem. Quod scribis illum per me -Quinto fore placatiorem, scripsi ad te antea eum statim Quinto filio -omnia tribuisse, nostri nullam mentionem. Vale. - -[194] quam _added by Madvig, who also altered the MSS. reading_ -utilitatem _to_ utilitati. - - * * * * * - - Page 415 - - -Caesar probably won't reach Athens by the 1st of September. There are -said to be many things that keep him in Asia, especially Pharnaces. -The 12th legion, which Sulla visited first, is said to have driven -him off with stones, and it is thought none of them will stir. Caesar -it is supposed will go straight from Patrae to Sicily. But, if so, he -must come here. I should have preferred him to go straight there, for I -should have got away from here somehow. Now I am afraid I must wait for -him, and in addition to other afflictions my poor daughter must endure -this unhealthy climate. - -You advise me to make my actions fit the times. I would, if -circumstances permitted, and it were anyhow possible. But what with -all my own mistakes and the wrongs inflicted on me by my family, there -is nothing worthy of myself that I can do or even pretend to do. You -compare Sulla's reign: that in principle was all that could be noble, -but it was rather too lacking in moderation. The present crisis however -is such that I forget myself, and should much prefer the public cause -to win rather than that with which my interests are bound up. However, -please write to me as often as possible, especially as no one else -writes, and, if all the world were writing, I should still look forward -to your letters more than any. You say Caesar will be kinder to Quintus -for my sake: but I told you before he had made every concession to -young Quintus, without mentioning me. Farewell. - - * * * * * - - Page 416 - - - - -XXII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi circa K. Sept. a. 707_] - -Diligenter mihi fasciculum reddidit Balbi tabellarius. Accepi enim a -te litteras, quibus videris vereri, ut epistulas illas acceperim. Quas -quidem vellem mihi numquam redditas; auxerunt enim mihi dolorem, nec, -si in aliquem incidissent, quicquam novi attulissent. Quid enim tam -pervulgatum quam illius in me odium et genus hoc litterarum? quod ne -Caesar quidem ad istos videtur misisse, quasi qui illius improbitate -offenderetur, sed, credo, uti notiora nostra mala essent. Nam, quod te -vereri scribis, ne illi obsint, eique rei mederi, ne rogari quidem se -passus est de illo. Quod quidem mihi molestum non est; illud molestius, -istas impetrationes nostras nihil valere. - -Sulla, ut opinor, cras erit hic cum Messalla. Currunt ad illum pulsi a -militibus, qui se negant usquam, nisi acceperint. Ergo ille huc veniet, -quod non putabant, tarde quidem. Itinera enim ita facit, ut multos -dies in oppido uno[195] ponat. Pharnaces autem, quoquo modo aget, -adferet moram. Quid mihi igitur censes? Iam enim corpore vix sustineo -gravitatem huius caeli, quae mihi laborem adfert in dolore. An his -illuc euntibus mandem, ut me excusent, ipse accedam propius? Quaeso, -attende et me, quod adhuc saepe rogatus - -[195] oppido uno _Peerlkamp_: oppidum _MSS._ - - * * * * * - - Page 417 - - - - -XXII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, circa Sept. 1_, B.C. _47_] - -Balbus' letter-carrier delivered the packet quite promptly. For I have -got a letter from you in which you seem to doubt whether I received -those letters. I wish they had never been delivered: for they increased -my sorrow, and, if they had fallen into anyone's hands, they would -not have told them anything new. For his hatred of me and the kind of -letters he writes are common knowledge. Even Caesar, when he sent them -to your friends, seems to have done it, not to show his annoyance at -Quintus' disgraceful conduct, but, I suppose, to make my misfortunes -better known. You say you are afraid they may do Quintus some harm, and -you are trying to remedy it. Why, Caesar did not even wait to be asked -about him. That does not annoy me: what is more annoying is that the -favours granted to me have no sterling value. - -Sulla, I believe, will be here to-morrow with Messalla. They are -hurrying to him, hounded away by the soldiers, who refuse to go -anywhere, until they get their pay. So, though people thought he would -not, he will be coming here; but not in a hurry. For he is travelling -slowly, and he is stopping many days in each town. Then, however he -manages things, Pharnaces must delay him. So what do you think about -me? For already I am scarcely capable physically of bearing this bad -climate, which adds ill-health to my troubles. Shall I commission these -people, who are going to him, to make my excuses, and come nearer Rome? -Please give the point your - - * * * * * - - Page 418 - -non fecisti, consilio iuva. Scio rem difficilem esse, sed ut in -malis etiam illud mea magni interest, te ut videam. Profecto aliquid -profecero, si id acciderit. De testamento, ut scribis, animadvertes. - - - - -XXIII - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi VII Id. Quint. a. 707_] - -Quod ad te scripseram ut cum Camillo communicares, de eo Camillus mihi -scripsit te secum locutum. Tuas litteras exspectabam; nisi illud quidem -mutari, si aliter est et oportet, non video posse. Sed, cum ab illo -accepissem litteras, desideravi tuas (etsi putabam te certiorem factum -non esse), modo valeres; scripseras enim te quodam valetudinis genere -temptari. - -Agusius quidam Rhodo venerat VIII Idus Quinct. Is nuntiabat Quintum -filium ad Caesarem profectum IIII Kal. Iun., Philotimum Rhodum pridie -eam diem venisse, habere ad me litteras. Ipsum Agusium audies. Sed -tardius iter faciebat. Eo feci, ut celeriter eunti darem. Quid sit in -iis litteris, nescio, sed mihi valde Quintus frater gratulatur. Equidem -in meo tanto peccato nihil ne cogitatione quidem adsequi possum, quod -mihi tolerabile possit esse. Te oro - - * * * * * - - Page 419 - -attention and help me with your advice, which you have not done in -spite of many requests. I know it is a knotty question: but, as there -is a choice of evils, the mere sight of you is something to me. If I -get that, I shall have made some advance. Please attend to the will, as -you promise. - - - - -XXIII - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, July 9_, B.C. _47_] - -Camillus has written to me saying that you have spoken to him on the -subject about which I suggested you should consult with him. Now I -am expecting a letter from you: only I don't see how the thing is to -be changed, if it is not as it ought to be. But, when I got a letter -from him, I looked for one from you, though I suppose you did not know -the post was going. I only hope you are well: for you said you had an -attack of some kind of illness. - -A man of the name of Agusius came from Rhodes on the 8th of July. -He tells me young Quintus set out to go to Caesar on May 29th, and -Philotimus arrived at Rhodes the day before with a letter for me. You -will hear Agusius himself: but he is travelling rather slowly. So I -arranged to give this to some one who was going more quickly. What -there is in that letter, I don't know, but my brother Quintus offers -me hearty congratulations. For my part after my great mistake I cannot -even imagine anything that can possibly be endurable to me. I beg you -to - - * * * * * - - Page 420 - -ut de hac misera cogites, et illud, de quo ad te proxime scripsi, -ut aliquid conficiatur ad inopiam propulsandam, et etiam de ipso -testamento. Illud quoque vellem antea, sed omnia timuimus. Melius -quidem in pessimis nihil fuit discidio. Aliquid fecissemus ut viri vel -tabularum novarum nomine vel nocturnarum expugnationum vel Metellae -vel omnium malorum; nec res perisset, et videremur aliquid doloris -virilis habuisse. Memini omnino tuas litteras, sed et tempus illud; -etsi quidvis praestitit. Nunc quidem ipse videtur denuntiare; audimus -enim de statua Clodi. Generumne nostrum potissimum vel hoc vel tabulas -novas! Placet mihi igitur et item tibi nuntium remitti. Petet fortasse -tertiam pensionem. Considera igitur, tumne, cum ab ipso nascetur, an -prius. Ego, si ullo modo potuero, vel nocturnis itineribus experiar, -ut te videam. Tu et haec, et si quid erit, quod intersit mea scire, -scribas velim. Vale. - - * * * * * - - Page 421 - -think of my poor girl, both as regards the point about which I wrote -lately--making some arrangement to avoid destitution--and also as -regards the will itself. The other thing too I wish I had attended -to before; but I was afraid of everything. In this very bad business -there was nothing better than a divorce. I should have done something -like a man, either on the score of his cancelling of debts or his -night attacks on houses, or Metella or all his sins together: I should -not have lost the money, and I should have shown some manly spirit. I -remember of course your letter, but I remember the circumstances too: -still anything would have been better than this. Now he seems to be -giving notice of divorce himself; for I have heard about the statue of -Clodius. To think that a son-in-law of mine above all people should do -such a thing as that, or abolish debts! So I agree with you we must -serve a notice of divorce on him. Perhaps he will ask for the third -instalment of the dowry. So consider whether we should wait for a move -of his or act first.[196] If I can possibly manage it, even by night -journeys, I will try to see you. Please write to me about this and -anything else it may interest me to know. Farewell. - -[196] If Dolabella started the divorce proceedings, he could not claim -the rest of the dowry, and would have to refund what had already been -paid. If Tullia began them, part at least of the dowry would remain -with him, unless she could prove misconduct. - - * * * * * - - Page 422 - - - - -XXIV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi VIII Id. Sext. a. 707_] - -Quae dudum ad me et (quae etiam ad me vis) ad Tulliam de me scripsisti, -ea sentio esse vera. Eo sum miserior, etsi nihil videbatur addi posse, -quod mihi non modo irasci gravissima iniuria accepta, sed ne dolere -quidem impune licet. Quare istuc feramus. Quod cum tulerimus, tamen -eadem erunt perpetienda, quae tu ne accidant ut caveamus mones. Ea enim -est a nobis contracta culpa, ut omni statu omnique populo eundem exitum -habitura videatur. - -Sed ad meam manum redeo; erunt enim haec occultius agenda. Vide, -quaeso, etiam nunc de testamento, quod tum factum cum illa haerere -coeperat. Non, credo, te commovit; neque enim rogavit ne me quidem. -Sed, quasi ita sit, quoniam in sermonem iam venisti, poteris eam -monere, ut alicui committat, cuius extra periculum huius belli fortuna -sit. Equidem tibi potissimum velim, si idem illa vellet. Quam quidem -celo miseram me hoc timere. - -De illo altero scio equidem venire nunc nil posse, sed seponi et -occultari possunt, ut extra ruinam sint eam, quae impendet. Nam, quod -scribis nobis nostra - - * * * * * - - Page 423 - - - - -XXIV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, Aug. 6_, B.C. _47_] - -What you wrote to me some time ago and to Tullia too about me, with -the intention that it should be passed on to me, I feel to be true. -It adds to my misery, though I thought nothing could be added, that, -when I have received the deepest injury, I cannot show anger or even -annoyance with impunity. So I must put up with that. And when I have -borne that blow, I shall still have to suffer what you warn me to guard -against. For I have got myself into such trouble, that, whatever the -state of affairs or the feelings of the people may be, the result for -me apparently will be the same. - -But here I take the pen myself; for I shall have to deal with -confidential matters. Please see to the will even now, as it was made -when she had begun to get into difficulties. She did not bother you, I -think; for she did not even ask me about it. But, supposing that is so, -since you have broached the subject already, you will be able to advise -her to deposit it with some one whose position is not affected by this -war. Myself I would rather you were the person, if she agrees to that. -The fact is I am keeping the poor woman in the dark as to that fear of -mine.[197] - -[197] That her property would be confiscated. - -For that other matter, I know of course that nothing can be put up for -sale now, but things could be put away and hidden, so that they escape -the crash which is threatening. For, when you - - * * * * * - - Page 424 - -et tua Tulliae fore parata, tua credo, nostra quae poterunt esse? De -Terentia autem (mitto cetera, quae sunt innumerabilia) quid ad hoc -addi potest? Scripseras, ut HS X̅I̅I̅ permutaret; tantum esse reliquum -de argento. Misit illa CCIↃↃ mihi et adscripsit tantum esse reliquum. -Cum hoc tam parvum de parvo detraxerit, perspicis, quid in maxima re -fecerit. - -Philotimus non modo nullus venit, sed ne per litteras quidem aut per -nuntium certiorem facit me, quid egerit. Epheso qui veniunt, ibi se eum -de suis controversiis in ius adeuntem vidisse nuntiant; quae quidem -(ita enim veri simile est) in adventum Caesaris fortasse reiciuntur. -Ita aut nihil puto eum habere, quod putet ad me celerius perferendum, -aut adeo me in malis esse despectum, ut, etiamsi quid habet, id nisi -omnibus suis negotiis confectis ad me referre non curet. Ex quo magnum -equidem capio dolorem, sed non tantum, quantum videor debere. Nihil -enim mea minus interesse puto, quam quid illinc adferatur. Id quam ob -rem, te intellegere certo scio. - -Quod me mones de vultu et oratione ad tempus accommodanda, etsi -difficile est, tamen imperarem mihi, a mea quicquam interesse putarem. -Quod scribis litteris putare te Africanum negotium confici posse, -vellem scriberes, cur ita putares; mihi quidem nihil in mentem venit, -quare id putem fieri posse. Tu tamen velim, si quid erit, quod -consolationis aliquid - - * * * * * - - Page 425 - -write that my fortune and yours are at Tullia's service, I believe you -as to yours, but what can there be of mine? Now as to Terentia, I omit -lots of other things, for what can one add to this? You wrote to her -to remit me by bill of exchange £100, saying that was the balance. She -sent me 80 guineas,[198] adding that that was all the balance. If she -purloins so trifling an amount from so small a total, you can see what -she has been doing in the case of larger sums. - -[198] 12,000 and 10,000 sesterces respectively. - -Not a trace of Philotimus as yet: nay, he has not even informed me by -letter or messenger what he has done. Those who come from Ephesus say -they saw him there going into court about some lawsuits of his own, -which possibly--indeed in all probability--are deferred till Caesar's -arrival. So I suppose he either has nothing which he thinks he need -hurry to bring to me, or I have sunk so low in my misfortunes that, -even if he has, he does not take the trouble to bring it until he -has finished all his own business. And that causes me considerable -annoyance, but not so much as I think it ought. For I don't think -anything matters much less to me than what answer he brings back from -that quarter. Why, I am quite sure you know. - -You advise me to mould my looks and words according to circumstances. -It is difficult, but I would put a rein on myself, if I thought it -mattered to me at all. You say you think the African business can be -arranged by an interchange of letters: I wish you would say, why you -think so: for I can't imagine any reason for thinking it possible. -However please write to me, if there is anything that would give me - - * * * * * - - Page 426 - -habeat, scribas ad me; sin, ut perspicio, nihil erit, scribas id ipsum. -Ego ad te, si quid audiero citius, scribam. Vale. - -VIII Idus Sextil. - - - - -XXV - -CICERO ATTICO SAL. - - -[Sidenote: _Scr. Brundisi III Non. Quint. a. 707_] - -Facile adsentior tuis litteris, quibus exponis pluribus verbis nullum -consistere consilium, quo a te possim iuvari. Consolatio certe nulla -est, quae levare possit dolorem meum. Nihil est enim contractum casu -(nam id esset ferendum), sed omnia fecimus eis erroribus et miseriis -et animi et corporis, quibus proximi utinam mederi maluissent! Quam -ob rem, quoniam neque consilii tui neque consolationis cuiusquam spes -ulla mihi ostenditur, non quaeram haec a te posthac; tantum velim, -ne intermittas, scribas ad me, quicquid veniet tibi in mentem, cum -habebis, cui des, et dum erit, ad quem des; quod longum non erit. - -Illum discessisse Alexandria rumor est non firmus ortus ex Sulpici -litteris; quas cuncti postea nuntii confirmarunt. Quod verum an falsum -sit, quoniam mea nihil interest, utrum malim, nescio. - -Quod ad te iam pridem de testamento scripsi, apud εὔπιστόν τινα velim -ut possit adservari.[199] Ego huius miserrumae fatuitate confectus -conflictor. Nihil - -[199] _The MSS. read_ apud epistolas velim ut possim adversas. _I have -followed Boot's emendation, though with doubt. Shuckburgh suggests_ -apud vestales velim depositum adservari. - - * * * * * - - Page 427 - -a crumb of comfort: but, if, as I see is the case, there is nothing, -write and tell me that. If I hear anything first I will write to you. -Farewell. - -August 6. - - - - -XXV - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING. - - -[Sidenote: _Brundisium, July 5_, B.C. _47_] - -I can quite believe what you explain at some length in your letter, -that no advice of yours can assist me: and certainly there is no -consolation which can relieve my sorrow. For none of my misfortunes -has come upon me by fate--that would have been endurable--but I -have brought all on myself by my mistakes and my mental and bodily -afflictions, which I only wish my nearest and dearest had thought -fit to remedy. So, as there is no hope of any advice from you or any -consolation, I will not ask for them henceforth: only please do not -cease from writing to me anything that may occur to you, when you have -anyone to send it by, and so long as there is anyone to send it to; -which will not be long. - -There is a rumour, though not a very certain one, that Caesar has left -Alexandria. It came first from a letter of Sulpicius, and has been -confirmed by all subsequent messengers. Whether to prefer it to be -false or true, I don't know, as it does not matter to me. - -As I told you already about the will I should like it to be preserved -in a safe place.[200] I am worn out and harassed by the infatuation of -my unhappy daughter. I don't think there ever was such a child - -[200] This seems to be the sense, though the reading is doubtful. - - * * * * * - - Page 428 - -umquam simile natum puto. Cui si qua re consulere aliquid possum, cupio -a te admoneri. Video eandem esse difficultatem quam in consilio dando -ante. Tamen hoc me magis sollicitat quam omnia. In pensione secunda -caeci fuimus. Aliud mallem; sed praeteriit. Te oro, ut in perditis -rebus si quid cogi, confici potest, quod sit in tuto, ex argento atque -satis multa ex supellectile, des operam. Iam enim mihi videtur adesse -extremum nec ulla fore condicio pacis eaque, quae sunt, etiam sine -adversario peritura. Haec etiam, si videbitur, cum Terentia loquere -opportune. Non queo omnia scribere. Vale. - -III Non. Quinctil. - - * * * * * - - Page 429 - -of misfortune. If I can do anything for her in any way, I wish you -would suggest it to me. I see there will be the same difficulty as -there was before in giving me advice: but this causes me more anxiety -than anything. It was blind of me to pay the second instalment. I wish -I had not: but that is over and done with. I beg you to do your best, -as it is in the last extremity, to collect and get together what you -can from the sale of plate and furniture, of which there is a good -deal, and put it in a safe place. For now I think the end is near, -there will be no peace negotiations, and the present government will -collapse even without an adversary. As to this speak to Terentia too at -your convenience, if you think fit. I cannot write everything. Farewell. - -July 5. - - - - -CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER OF THE LETTERS.[201] - - - VII. 1 October 16, 50 - 2 November 26, 50 - 3 December 9, 50 - 4 December 10 or 11, 50 - 5 December 16, 50 - 6 December 17, 50 - 7 December 18-21, 50 - 8 December 25 or 26, 50 - 9 December 26 or 27, 50 - 10 January 17 or 18, 49 - 11 January 17-22, 49 - 12 January 21, 49 - 13 January 22, 49 - 13a January 23, 49 - 14 January 25, 49 - 15 January 26, 49 - 16 January 28, 49 - 17 February 2, 49 - 18 February 3, 49 - 19 February 3, 49 - 20 February 5, 49 - 21 February 8, 49 - 22 February 8 or 9, 49 - 23 February 9 or 10, 49 - VIII. 11a February 10, 49 - VII. 24 February 10, 49 - 25 February 10 or 11, 49 - VIII. 12b February 11 or 12, 49 - VII. 26 February 15, 49 - VIII. 11b February 16, 49 - 1 February 16, 49 - 12c February 16, 49 - 12d February 17, 49 - 2 February 17, 49 - 12a February 17 or 18, 48 - 3 February 18, 49 - 11c February 20, 49 - 6 February 21 (?), 49 - 4 February 22, 49 - 5 February 23 (?), 49 - 7 February 23 (?), 49 - 8 February 24, 49 - 9 February 25, 49 - 10 February 26, 49 - 11 February 27, 49 - 11d February 27, 49 - 12 February 28, 49 - 15a February, 49 - IX. 7c February (?), 49 - VIII. 13 March 1, 49 - 14 March 2, 49 - 15 March 3, 49 - 16 March 4, 49 - IX. 1 March 6, 49 - 2 March 7, 49 - 2a March 8, 49 - 6a March, 49 - 3 March 9, 49 - 5 March 10, 49 - 7a March 10 or 11, 49 - 6 March 11, 49 - 7b March 11 or 12, 49 - 4 March 12, 49 - 7 March 13, 49 - 8 March 14, 49 - 9 March 17, 49 - 10 March 18, 49 - 11a March 19, 49 - 11 March 20, 49 - 12 March 20, 49 - 13a March 23 (?), 49 - 13 March 24, 49 - 14 March 25, 49 - 15 March 25, 49 - 16 March 26, 49 - 17 March 27, 49 - 18 March 28, 49 - 19 March 31, 49 - X. 1 April 3, 49 - 2 April 6, 49 - 3 April 7, 49 - 3a April 7, 49 - 4 April 14, 49 - 5 April 16, 49 - 9a April 16, 49 - 8b April, 49 - 6 April, 49 - 7 April 22(?), 49 - 8a April, 49 - 8 May 2, 49 - 9 May 3, 49 - 10 May 3, 49 - 11 May 4, 49 - 12 May 5, 49 - 12a May 6, 49 - 13 May 7, 49 - 14 May 8, 49 - 15 May 12, 49 - 16 May 14, 49 - 17 May 16, 49 - 18 May 19 or 20, 49 - XI. 1 January, 48 - 2 March, 48 - 3 June 13, 48 - 4a June 15-19, 48 - 4 July 15, 48 - 5 November 4, 48 - 6 November 27, 48 - 7 December 17, 48 - 8 December 18, 48 - 9 January 3, 47 - 10 January 19, 47 - 11 March 8, 47 - 12 March 8, 47 - 13 March 9 (?), 47 - 14 April 25 (?), 47 - 15 May 14, 47 - 16 June 3, 47 - 17 June 12 or 13, 47 - 17a June 14, 47 - 18 June 19, 47 - 25 July 5, 47 - 23 July 9, 47 - 19 July 22, 47 - 24 August 6, 47 - 20 August 15, 47 - 21 August 25, 47 - 22 September 1 (?), 47 - -[201] In many cases the dates and the order are only approximate, and -authorities differ about them. I have generally accepted the dates -given in the Teubner edition. - - - - -INDEX OF NAMES - - - [_The references are to the pages of Latin text._] - - - Ἀβδηριτικόν, 40 - - Acastus, 2 - - Achaia, 372, 386 - - Achaici, 394, 396, 402 - - Actium, 14 - - Adrianum mare, 298 - - Aeculanum, 18 - - Aegypta, 166 - - Aegyptus, 236, 270 - - Aelius Lamia, _see_ Lamia (L. Aelius) - - Aemilius Lepidus (M'.), 58, 100, 118, 126, 164, 166, 176, 232 - - Aenaria, 334 - - Aesernia, 140 - - Aesopus, 398 - - Afranius (L.), 94, 102, 112, 114, 312, 314 - - Africa, 184, 372, 388, 394, 396, 406 - - Africanae res, 382; - -num negotium, 424 - - Africanus, _see_ Cornelius Scipio Africanus - - Agusius, 418 - - Alba, 150, 156, 194 - - Albanum (praedium), 34, 38, 44, 254 - - Alexandrea, 218, 368, 390, 396, 398, 400, 406, 408, 426 - - Alexandrina mora, 402 - - Alexio, 14 - - Alexis, 12, 42 - - Aliensis pugna, 192 - - Allienus, 340 - - Ampius Balbus (T.), 136 - - Ancon(a), 52, 78 - - Annius Milo Papinianus (T.), 204, 254 - - Anteros, 254, 352 - - Antiochea, 410 - - Antium, 222 - - Antonius (M.), _triumvir_, 46, 116, 222, 308, 314, 318, 326, 328, 332, - 334, 340, 344, 370, 388, 408; - _letter from_, 308 - - Appia (via), 138, 174, 234 - - Appianae legiones, 70, 82 - - Appius, _see_ Claudius Pulcher (Appius) - - Apulia, 56, 86, 108, 122, 134, 138, 140, 142, 296 - - Arabia, 236 - - Aradus, 218 - - Arcanum (praedium), 34, 276, 278 - - Aristoxenus, 114 - - Ἀρκαδία, 292 - - Armenii, 226 - - Arpi, 186 - - Arpinum, 126, 174, 176, 190, 194, 220, 254, 262, 266, 342 - - Artaxerxes, 306 - - Asia, 26, 184, 352, 354, 368, 382, 394, 396, 400, 402, 414 - - Ateius Capito (C.), 300 - - Athenae, 2, 10, 414 - - Atius Paelignus (C.), 116 - - Ἀτρείδης, 24 - - Attius Varus (P.), 66 - - Attus Navius, 304 - - Aurelius Cotta (M.), 344 - - Axius (Q.), 324, 334, 340 - - - Baebius, 254 - - Baiae, 368 - - Balbus, _see_ Ampius Balbus _and_ Cornelius Balbus - - Basilus, _see_ Minucius Basilus - - Beneventum, 260 - - Bibulus, _see_ Calpurnius Bibulus - - Brundisina militia, 338; - porta, 12; - res, 186; - -ni nuntii, 160 - - Brundisium, 2, 12, 16, 112, 116, 124, 128, 134, 138, 140, 142, 152, 162, - 174, 176, 180, 182, 184, 186, 190, 192, 194, 206, 232, 236, 244, - 248, 250, 252, 254, 256, 258, 276, 366 - - Brutus, _see_ Iunius Brutus - - Bussenius, 156 - - Byzantium, 218 - - - Caecilius Metellus (L.), 196, 288, 304, 370 - - Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio (_formerly_ P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica), - 32, 112, 168, 178, 236 - - Caecilius Statius (C.), 28 - - Caelianus animus, 332; - -num illud, 338; - -na illa, 344 - - Caelius, 332, 338 - - Caelius, banker, 30 - - Caelius Caldus (C.), 8 - - Caelius Rufus (M.), 6, 24, 28, 76, 86, 314; - _letter from_, 314 - - Caesar, _see_ Iulius Caesar - - Caesius (C.), 234, 248 - - Caieta, 112 - - Calenius (M.), 156 - - Calenum, 112 - - Cales, 66, 72, 84, 140 - - Calpurnius Bibulus (M.), 16, 18, 24, 220 - - Calpurnius Piso (L.), _friend of Antonius_, 310 - - Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (L.), 60, 76 - - Camerinum, 154 - - Camillus, _see_ Furius Camillus - - Campania, 56 - - Campani coloni, 68; - -nus ager, 40 - - Caninius Rebilus (C.), 22 - - Caninius Rebilus (T.), 256 - - Canuleius, 294 - - Canusium, 138, 142, 152, 162, 176, 194 - - Capito, _see_ Ateius Capito - - Capua, 66, 68, 70, 72, 76, 78, 82, 84, 86, 98, 100, 102, 108, 114, 118, - 136, 140, 142, 148, 152, 194, 196, 252, 254, 258, 260, 340 - - Carbo, _see_ Papirius Carbo - - Carneades, 14 - - Cassianum negotium, 400 - - Cassius Longinus (C.), 86, 90, 92, 178, 222, 390, 398 - - Cassius Longinus (Q.), 24, 78 - - Castrum Truentinum, 154 - - Cato, _see_ Porcius Cato - - Celer, _see_ Pilius Celer - - Cephalio, 92, 270, 274, 276, 338, 386, 404 - - Chios, 218 - - Chrysippus, 18, 34, 354 - - Cicero, _see_ Tullius Cicero; - -nes, _see_ Tullii Cicerones - - Cilices, 8 - - Cingulum, 52, 66 - - Cinna, _see_ Cornelius Cinna - - Cinnea (crudelitas), 128 - - Claudius Marcellus (C.), 150, 328, 334, 340 - - Claudius Marcellus (M.), 108, 152 - - Claudius Pulcher (Appius), 100, 168, 178 - - Clodia, _sister of P. Clodius_, 218 - - Clodia, _mother-in-law of L. Metellus_, 196 - - Clodius, _client of Atticus_, 300 - - Clodius Pulcher (P.), 108, 420 - - Colchi, 218, 226 - - Considius Nonianus (M.), 26 - - Coponius (C.), 152 - - Corcyra, 14, 364 - - Corfiniensis clementia, 260; - διατροπή, 248; - exspectatio, 118 - - Corfinium, 112, 134, 140, 142, 152, 158, 162, 164, 170, 182, 212 - - Coriolanus, 226 - - Cornelius Balbus (L.), 28, 32, 42, 102, 128, 168, 192, 194, 202, 212, - 250, 252, 326, 348, 366, 374, 376, 378, 394, 408, 416; - _letters of_, 168, 206, 208, 250 - - Cornelius Balbus (L.), _son of the last_, 128, 132, 170, 194, 386 - - Cornelius Cinna (L.), 42, 110, 226 - - Cornelius Dolabella (P.), 44, 62, 76, 86, 244, 250, 262, 290, 298, 308, - 370 - - Cornelius Lentulus Crus (L.), 56, 84, 128, 132, 140, 170, 194, 210, 390 - - Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus (Cn.), 222 - - Cornelius Lentulus Spinther (P.), 90, 150, 164, 176, 184, 206, 234, 240, - 248, 258, 368 - - Cornelius Lentulus Spinther (P.), _son of the last_, 390 - - Cornelius Scipio (L.), 256 - - Cornelius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus (P.), 126, 130, 242, 306 - - Cornelius Scipio Nasica (P.), _see_ Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio (Q.) - - Cornelius Sulla (L.), _dictator_, 42, 212, 226, 236, 252, 256 - - Cornelius Sulla (P.), 414, 416 - - Cornelius Sulla Faustus (L.), 112, 152, 178, 236 - - Cosanum (praedium), 194, 220 - - Cotta, _see_ Aurelius Cotta - - Cous (Nicias), 28; - (insula), 218 - - Crassipes, _see_ Furius Crassipes - - Croto, 270 - - Culleo, _see_ Terentius Culleo - - Cumani, 334; - -num (praedium), 286, 344 - - Curio, _see_ Scribonius Curio - - Curius (M'.), 14, 26, 30, 118, 120, 194, 262 - - Curtius Postumus (M.), 182, 186, 190, 194, 334 - - Cyprus, 218 - - Cytheris, 322 - - - Delos, 222 - - Demetrius Magnes, 134, 150, 218 - - Dicaearchus, 20, 114 - - Diochares, 368 - - Διονύσιος έν Κορίνθω, 216 - - Dionysius, _tutor of young Cicero_, 28, 30, 38, 44, 80, 96, 114, 116, - 128, 242, 258, 278, 342 - - Dionysius, _slave_, 184 - - Dolabella, _see_ Cornelius Dolabella - - Domitius Ahenobarbus (Cn.), 184 - - Domitius Ahenobarbus (L.), 66, 92, 94, 98, 100, 112, 116, 118, 120, 122, - 124, 134, 140, 148, 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 164, 166, 176, 194, - 220, 258 - - Drusus, _see_ Livius Drusus - - Dyrrhachium, 152 - - - Egnatius (L.), 80, 340, 358 - - Ἕκτωρ, 192 - - Ἐνυάλιος, 46 - - Ephesus, 382, 424 - - Epirus, 10, 12, 178, 206, 220, 242, 298 - - Eppius (M.), 136 - - Eros, _slave of Philotimus_, 338 - - Euphrates, 16 - - - Fabatus, see Roscius Fabatus - - Fabius (C.), 22, 112 - - Fabius (Q.), 134 - - Fadius Gallus (M.), 146 - - Fannius (C.), 70, 168, 368 - - Faustus, _see_ Cornelius Sulla Faustus - - Favonius (M.), 8, 70 - - Feralia, 162 - - Figulus, _see_ Nigidius Figulus - - Firmum, 154 - - Flaccus, _see_ Valerius Flaccus - - Flavius (L.), 272 - - Flumentana (porta), 28 - - Formiae, 44, 56, 70, 72, 78, 104, 114, 136, 184, 190, 218, 262, 268, 348 - - Formianum (praedium), 34, 76, 78, 84, 90, 96, 118, 176, 202, 216, 232, - 342 - - Fretense (mare), 298 - - Frusinas (fundus), 360, 392 - - Fufidiana, 400; - -- praedia, 396; - -ni coheredes, 392 - - Fufius Calenus (Q.), 190, 376, 398, 402 - - Funisulanus, 338 - - Furfanius Postumus (T.), 70 - - Furiae, 348 - - Furius Camillus (C.), 404, 418 - - Furius Crassipes, 10, 236 - - Furnius (C.), 82, 198, 200, 238 - - - Gabinius (A.), 300 - - Gaditanus (_i.e._ Cornelius Balbus), 42 - - Galba, _see_ Sulpicius Galba - - Galeo, 390 - - Galli, 54, 246 - - Gallia, 108, 296 - - Gallius (M.), 340, 412 - - Gallus, _see_ Fadius Gallus - - Germania, 314 - - Getae, 226 - - Gnaeus, _see_ Pompeius Magnus (C.) - - Graeci, 80; - -e, 188 - - Graecia, 62, 72, 76, 122, 184, 220, 236, 254, 264, 290, 344 - - - Hannibal, 52 - - Hippias, 226 - - Hirrus, _see_ Lucilius Hirrus - - Hirtianus sermo, 292 - - Hirtius, 32, 284, 292, 394, 410 - - Hispania, 50, 74, 78, 184, 194, 238, 254, 260, 264, 288, 294, 298, 300, - 302, 314, 318, 382, 388; - Hispaniae, 182, 300, 308, 314, 316, 318, 328, 332, 334, 336, 348 - - Hispaniensis casus, 300 - - Homerus, 192, 214 - - Hortensiana, 348 - - Hortensius (Q.), _son of the orator_, 16, 126, 286, 328, 344, 346, 368 - - - Ignuvium, 66 - - Ἰλιάς, 132 - - Illyricum, 296, 314, 400 - - Isidorus, 358 - - Italia, 52, 58, 74, 76, 84, 88, 98, 106, 108, 110, 114, 120, 126, 130, - 132, 140, 142, 144, 158, 174, 178, 184, 196, 204, 218, 228, 230, - 268, 278, 282, 290, 302, 308, 320, 332, 368, 370, 372, 382, 386, - 388, 408 - - Iulius Caesar (C.), _dictator_, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32, 36, 38, 40, 46, 48, - 52, 56, 60, 66, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 86, 88, 92, 94, 100, 110, - 112, 114, 122, 128, 132, 134, 140, 142, 146, 154, 156, 158, 162, - 166, 168, 170, 178, 180, 182, 186, 190, 194, 198, 202, 206, 208, - 210, 212, 214, 216, 220, 222, 234, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 248, - 250, 252, 254, 258, 260, 280, 284, 286, 288, 290, 298, 302, 310, - 312, 314, 316, 318, 320, 334, 366, 368, 370, 374, 376, 380, 382, - 386, 388, 406, 410, 412, 416, 418, 424; - letters from, 200, 250, 260, 310 - - Iulius Caesar (L.), 64, 66, 68, 72, 74, 78, 82, 148 - - Iunius Brutus (M.), _father of the following_, 252 - - Iunius Brutus (M.), _murderer of Caesar_, 360 - - Iuppiter, 166 - - - Κόρινθος, 216 - - Κωρυκαῖοι, 348 - - - Labienus (T.), 42, 52, 58, 60, 66, 70, 72, 102 - - Lacedaemonii, 306 - - Λακωνικὴ σκυτάλη, 320 - - Laelius (D.), 140, 152, 370, 394, 398 - - Laelius Sapiens (C.), 28 - - Lamia (L. Aelius), 370 - - Lanuvinum (praedium), 222, 248 - - Larinum, 56, 66 - - Lartidius, 10 - - Laterium, 272 - - Latine, 188; - -itas, 28 - - Lavernium, 44 - - Lentulus, _see_ Cornelius Lentulus - - Lepidi, 164 - - Lepidus, _see_ Aemilius Lepidus (M.) - - Lepta (Q.), 114, 240, 254, 324, 376 - - Lesbos, 218 - - Liberalia, 224 - - Libo, _see_ Scribonius Libo - - Licinius Murena (L.), 390 - - Ligur, _or_ Ligus (L.), 80 - - Ligurius (A.), 378, 380 - - Literninum (praedium), 334 - - Livia, 44 - - Livius Drusus (M.), 18 - - Lucceius (L.M.f.), 26 - - Lucceius (L.Q.f.), 176, 236 - - Luceria, 56, 82, 98, 100, 110, 114, 128, 132, 134, 154, 158; - -iae, 102, 172 - - Lucilius Hirrus (C.), 8, 10, 134 - - Lucius, _see_ Manlius Torquatus (L.) - - Lucretius (Q.), 92, 116 - - Lupus, _see_ Rutilius Lupus - - Luscenius, 34 - - Lycia, 218 - - - Magius (N.), 212, 250 - - Mamurra, 42 - - Manlius Torquatus (A.), 68, 214 - - Manlius Torquatus (L.), 14, 58, 136, 214 - - Marathonia pugna, 226 - - Marcelli, 6, 178 - - Marcellinus, _see_ Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus - - Marcellus, _see_ Claudius Marcellus - - Marcius Philippus (L.), _consul_ 91 B.C., 110, 112 - - Marcius Philippus (L.), 258, 290 - - Marius (C.), 226, 306 - - Marsi, 66 - - Massilia, 336 - - Massilienses, 322, 332 - - Matius (C.), 234, 236, 240, 246, 258, 262; - _letter from_, 258 - - Melita, 296, 308, 314, 348 - - Mentor, 214 - - Menturnae, 64, 136, 240, 276, 334 - - Μεσοποταμία, 236 - - Messalla (_or_ Messala), _see_ Valerius Messalla - - Messius (C.), 140 - - Metella, 420 - - Metellus, _see_ Caecilius Metellus - - Miletus, 218 - - Milo, _see_ Annius Milo - - Miloniana tempora, 210 - - Minerva, 214 - - Minucia via, 194 - - Minucius Basilus, 48 - - Minucius Basilus (L.), 362 - - Minucius Rufus, 394, 396 - - Minucius Thermus (Q.), 66, 394, 396 - - Misenum, 308 - - Moneta, 122 - - Mucianus exitus, 240; - -num istud, 276 - - Mucius Scaevola (Q.), _pontifex maximus_, 110, 112, 256 - - Mucius Scaevola (Q.), _tribune of the plebs_ 54 B.C., 222 - - Murena, _see_ Licinius Murena - - Mytilenaeus (_i.e._ Theophanes), 42 - - - Nasica, _see_ Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio - - Nasidius (L.), 408 - - Neapolis, 258 - - Neapolitanus sermo, 16; - -ni, 334 - - Nicias Curtius, 28 - - Nigidius Figulus (P.), 92 - - Ninnius Quadratus (L.), 344 - - Nonius Sufenas (M.), 168 - - Numerianum raudusculum, 16 - - - Ocella (Ser.), 322, 334, 346 - - Octavius Mamilius, 226 - - Onchesmites, 12 - - Oppii, of Velia, 64, 88, 122, 292, 298 - - Oppius (C.), 202, 208, 212, 250, 366, 374, 376, 394, 406, 408; - _letter of_, 206 - - - Paestum, 408 - - Pamphilus, 12 - - Pamphylia, 218 - - Panaetius, 242 - - Pansa, _see_ Vibius Pansa - - Papirius Carbo (Cn.), 252 - - Parthi, 18 - - Parthicus casus, 96; - -cum bellum, 4; - -cae res, 134 - - Patrae, 12, 364, 382, 402, 412, 414 - - Patron, 14, 16 - - Pedanum, 266 - - Pedius (Q.), 252 - - Peducaeus (Sex.), 272 - - Peducaeus (Sex.), _son of the above_, 62, 68, 74, 202, 234, 248, 272, 276 - - Peloponnesus, 332 - - Pericles, 54 - - Perses, 300 - - Petreius (M.), 102, 312 - - Phalaris, 84 - - Phamea, 222, 248 - - Pharnaces, _king_, 414, 416 - - Philargyrus, 258 - - Philippus, _see_ Marcius Philippus (L.) - - Philogenes, 34, 38 - - Philotimus, _freedman of Terentia_, 18, 26, 82, 88, 98, 122, 172, 190, - 206, 218, 220, 294, 298, 310, 312, 322, 338, 404, 410, 418, 424 - - Philoxenus, _letter-carrier_, 16 - - Phryges, 8 - - Picena, 62 - - Picentes, 94; - -tinae cohortes, 158 - - Picenum, 86, 90, 92, 98, 122, 150, 154, 182 - - Picenus ager, 72, 108, 136 - - Pilia, 32, 120, 340 - - Pilius Celer (Q.), 264, 276, 360 - - Pinarius (T.), 166 - - Piraeus, 2, 28 - - Pisistratus, 84, 172, 226 - - Piso, _see_ Calpurnius Piso - - Plaguleius, 300 - - Plato (Πλάτων), 64, 248, 304 - - Pollex, 118, 360 - - Pompeia lex, 288; - -anum (praedium), 340, 344 - - Pompeius Magnus (Cn.), 4, 6, 16, 24, 30, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 50, - 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 82, 86, 88, 92, - 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 126, 128, - 130, 134, 136, 138, 148, 150, 160, 162, 168, 170, 172, 176, 178, - 180, 182, 184, 186, 190, 194, 196, 198, 202, 208, 210, 212, 214, - 224, 228, 230, 232, 236, 238, 240, 242, 244, 248, 250, 252, 254, - 258, 264, 268, 274, 278, 280, 288, 296, 298, 300, 302, 304, 312, - 320, 344, 366, 372, 392; - _letters of_, 134, 138, 150, 154, 156, 158 - - Pomponia, 380 - - Pomponius Atticus (T.), 6, 42, 132, 196, 198, 304 - - Pomptina (regio ?), 34 - - Pomptinus (C.), 38 - - Pontius Aquila (L.), 12, 30 - - Pontius Titinianus, 268 - - Porcius Cato (M.), 8, 10, 16, 24, 70, 328, 342, 344, 370 - - Porsena, 226 - - Postumia, 314 - - Postumius, 70 - - Postumus, _see_ Curtius Postumus - - Πουλυδάμας, 6 - - Precianum, 10 - - Pulcher, _see_ Clodius Pulcher (P.) - - Puteoli, 28, 234, 248, 258, 270, 286 - - Pyrenaeus, 112 - - - Quinctius (L.), 48 - - Quinti, _see_ Tullius Cicero (Q.) - - Quinquatria (_or_ -trus), 234, 244 - - - Ravenna, 6 - - Reatini, 214 - - Rebilus, _see_ Caninius Rebilus - - Reginus, 328 - - Regium, 292 - - Rhodii, 326 - - Rhodos, 218, 390, 418 - - Roma, 2, 38, 58, 60, 62, 68, 72, 74, 76, 118, 134, 162, 170, 194, 208, - 210, 214, 222 - - Romanus homo, 300; - -nus populus, 52, 238, 242, 260, 266, 296, 370; - -ni, 34; - -ni equites, 34; - -ni rustici, 248 - - Roscius Fabatus (L.), 148 - - Rutilius Lupus (P.), 152, 176 - - - Sabinus ager, 214 - - Sallustius (Cn.), 384, 406, 412 - - Sallustius (P.), 384 - - Salvius, _freedman of Hortensius_, 348 - - Salvius, _librarian of Atticus_, 200 - - Samnium, 142, 156 - - Samus, 374 - - Sardanapalus, 304 - - Sardinia, 184, 344 - - Saufeius (L.), 2 - - Scaevola, _see_ Mucius Scaevola - - Scipio, _see_ Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio _and_ Cornelius Scipio - - Scribonius Curio (C.), 40, 82, 156, 252, 254, 286, 292, 298, 300, 308, - 320, 322, 328, 330, 344 - - Scribonius Libo (L.), 56, 136, 236 - - Scrofa, _see_ Tremellius Scrofa - - Seleucea Pieria, 410 - - Serapion, _letter-carrier_, 346 - - Servilius Vatia Isauricus (P.), 362 - - Servius, _see_ Sulpicius Rufus - - Sestius (P.), 168, 368 - - Sextus, _see_ Peducaeus (Sex.) - - Sicca, 158 - - Sicilia, 40, 70, 112, 152, 158, 184, 272, 288, 298, 328, 342, 412, 414 - - Siculi, 328 - - Sicyon, 374, 376 - - Sidon, 218 - - Silius (A.), 334 - - Silius Nerva (P.), 10 - - Sinuessa, 260 - - Sipontum, 254, 296 - - Siser (P.), 390 - - Socrates, 104 - - Solon, 274 - - Sosius (C.), 118, 176 - - Statius, 214 - - Sufenas, _see_ Nonius Sufenas - - Sulla, _see_ Cornelius Sulla - - Sullanus dies, 306; - -mos, 296; - -num regnum, 132, 202; - -na, 414 - - Sulmo, 116, 150 - - Sulpicius Galba (P.), 222 - - Sulpicius Rufus (Ser.), 22, 76, 100, 264, 268, 280, 298, 314, 322, 330, - 334, 336, 390, 426 - - Sulpicius Rufus (Ser.), _son of the above_, 314 - - Sunium, 28 - - Syracusae, 342 - - Syria, 178, 390 - - - Tarentum, 254, 394 - - Tarquinius Superbus, 226 - - Tarracina, 34, 136 - - Tartessius (_i.e._ Balbus), 30 - - Teanum (_in Apulia_), 56, 66 - - Teanum Sidicinum, 136, 140 - - Terentia, 10, 12, 30, 60, 62, 64, 72, 88, 96, 292, 344, 384, 404, 424, - 428 - - Terentius, _the poet_, 28 - - Terentius (L.), 408 - - Terentius Culleo (Q.), 148 - - Terentius Hispo (P.), 382 - - Themistocles, 54, 226 - - Themistocleum concilium, 302; - -exsilium, 304 - - Theophanes, 148, 178, 236 - - Thermus, _see_ Minucius Thermus - - Thrasybulus, 112 - - Thucydides, 8, 304 - - Thurii, 270 - - Thyamis, 14 - - Tiburs villa, 164 - - Tiro, _see_ Tullius Tiro - - Titinius (Q.), 80, 198, 216, 264, 280 - - Torquatus, _see_ Manlius Torquatus - - Transpadanus, 42 - - Trebatius Testa (C.), 74, 76, 222, 240, 258, 260, 274, 326, 328, 376; - _letter from_, 258 - - Trebonius (C.), 112, 366, 410 - - Trebulanum (praedium), 12, 30 - - Tremellius Scrofa (Cn.), 10 - - Τρωάδες, 6 - - Τρῶες, 6, 58, 174 - - Troianum (praedium), 248 - - Tullia (_or_ Tulliola), 30, 60, 62, 72, 276, 278, 298, 308, 332, 348, - 366, 374, 404, 406, 422, 424 - - Tullii Cicerones, 14, 62, 78, 84, 114, 130, 196 - - Tullius (M.), _relative of Cicero_, 138 - - Tullius Cicero (M.), _the orator_, 6, 24, 42, 168, 190, 210, 250, 310, - 316, 318 - - Tullius Cicero (M.), _son of the orator_, 194, 262, 266, 406, 408 - - Tullius Cicero (Q.), _brother of the orator_, 80, 114, 140, 196, 340, - 364, 368, 376, 382, 386, 390, 392, 394, 396, 400, 412, 414, 418 - - Tullius Cicero (Q.), _son of the above_, 14, 292, 296, 328, 340, 374, - 382, 404, 410, 412, 414, 418 - - Tullius Tiro (M.), 12, 14, 30, 34, 118, 120, 262, 292, 334 - - Tullus, _see_ Volcatius Tullus - - Turranius (D.), 2 - - Tusci, 156 - - Tuscilius (M.), 156 - - Tusculanum (praedium), 26, 34, 42, 222 - - Tyrus, 218 - - - Umbria, 156 - - - Valerius Flaccus (L.), 110 - - Valerius Messalla (_or_ Messala) (M.), 416 - - Vatinius (P.), 364, 378 - - Veiento, 24 - - Velia, 64 - - Venafrum, 66 - - Vennonianae res, 60 - - Vestorius (C.), 294, 334 - - Vettienus, 294, 326, 334, 340 - - Vibius Pansa (C.), 366, 394 - - Vibullius Rufus (L.), 92, 98, 104, 134, 136, 154, 166 - - Voconius, 168 - - Volcatius Tullus (L.), 22, 100, 126, 166, 232, 268 - - Volsci, 226 - - - Xeno, _of Athens_, 2 - - - Zmyrna, 218 - - WOODS AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, LONDON, N. 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- text-align: center; -} - -/* Footnotes */ - -.footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} - -.footnote .label { right: 84%; text-align: right;} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .8em; - text-decoration: - none; -} - -/* Poetry and Case Study: Poetry */ -.poem { - margin-left:10%; - margin-right:10%; - text-align: left; - display: inline-block; -} -@media handheld -{ - .poetry - { - display: block; - margin-left: 1.5em; - } -} - -.poem br {display: none;} - -.poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} - -.poetry-center -{ - text-align: center; -} - -/* Transcriber's notes */ -#transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size: smaller; - padding: 0.5em; - margin-bottom: 5em; - font-family: Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif} - -/* Easy Epub/Headings */ - -.ph1, .ph2 { text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; font-weight: bold; } -.ph1 { font-size: xx-large; margin: .67em auto; } -.ph2 { font-size: x-large; margin: .75em auto; } - -.small {font-size: small;} -.large {font-size: large;} -.xlarge {font-size: x-large;} - -/* Case Study: Title Pages */ - -div#titlepage { - text-align: center; 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margin-left: 14em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} - -/* for parallel Latin/English pages */ -div.new-parallel-page {page-break-before: always; clear: both;} -div.notes {clear: both;} -.latin-page {padding: 0; margin: auto; float: left; width: 49%;} -.english-page {padding: 0; margin: auto; float: right; width: 49%;} - - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -Project Gutenberg's Cicero: Letters to Atticus, Vol. 2 of 3, by Cicero - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - -Title: Cicero: Letters to Atticus, Vol. 2 of 3 - -Author: Cicero - -Translator: E. O. Winstedt - -Release Date: December 15, 2015 [EBook #50692] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CICERO: LETTERS TO ATTICUS *** - - - - -Produced by Richard Tonsing, Charles Aldarondo and the -Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - -<div class="tnotes covernote"> - <p>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[Pg i]</a></span></p> - -<div id="halftitle"> - -<p class="center">THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY<br /> -EDITED BY<br /> -T. E. PAGE, M.A., AND W. H. D. ROUSE, <span class="smcap">Litt. D.</span></p> - -<p class="ph1 p6">LETTERS TO ATTICUS<br /> -II -</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[Pg ii]</a><br /><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[Pg iii]</a></span></p> -<div id="titlepage"> -<div class="chapter"></div> - - - - -<h1>CICERO<br /> - -<span class="xlarge">LETTERS TO ATTICUS</span></h1> - - -<p>WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY</p> - -<p class="large">E. O. WINSTEDT, M.A.</p> -<p class="small">OF MAGDALEN COLLEGE. OXFORD</p> - -<p class="xlarge p2">IN THREE VOLUMES<br /> -II</p> - -<div class="figcenter p2" style="width: 266px;"> -<img src="images/i003.jpg" width="266" height="254" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="large p4">LONDON: WILLIAM HEINEMANN<br /> -NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO.<br /> -<span class="small">MCMXXI</span> -</p> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[Pg iv]</a><br /><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2>INTRODUCTION</h2> - - -<p>This second volume of Cicero's <cite>Letters to Atticus</cite> -embraces one of the most important epochs in -Roman history, the fall of the Republic in the -struggle between Pompey and Caesar. The storm -which had long been brewing broke just as Cicero -returned from Cilicia over the question of Caesar's -resignation of office. By the agreement made in 56 -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> Caesar's governorship of Gaul was renewed for -five years and he was then to be re-elected to the -consulship in 48 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> As the renewal dated from -March 1, 54 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span>, his term of office would naturally -expire on March 1, 49 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span>: but according to the rule -in vogue at the time of the reappointment he would -not be superseded until Jan. 1, 48 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span>, the date on -which he would enter on the consulship. He would -therefore hold office continually, and his enemies, -the Senatorial party, would have no chance of bringing -a prosecution against him, which might be fatal -to his career. But in 52 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> they had induced -Pompey to bring forward a new law by which ex-magistrates -did not proceed to a province as soon as -their office ended but after an interval of five years. -Consequently for the next five years special appointments -had to be made by the Senate—for example -Cicero's appointment to Cilicia—and, as they could -be made at any time, it would be perfectly easy to -supersede Caesar on March 1, 49, and secure his -prosecution, condemnation and downfall before he -could enter on the consulship.</p> - -<p>Another new law of Pompey's insisted on the -<span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[Pg vi]</a></span>personal attendance of candidates for office, from -which Caesar had previously obtained special exemption. -On the remonstrance of Caesar's friends -Pompey had inserted a clause allowing such special exemptions -to stand: but this clause was never properly -passed. This again was designed to ensure Caesar's -presence in Rome, with a view to his prosecution.</p> - -<p>During the next two years the question of his -resignation was continually coming up in the House, -but no definite conclusion was reached, owing largely -to Curio's spirited attacks on all the Senatorial party's -proposals. That party however was ready to catch -at any trifle to pick a quarrel with Caesar: and they -found an opportunity when in Sept. 50 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> Caesar -decided to send the 13th legion into Cisalpine Gaul -to replace the 15th, which he had had to surrender, -nominally for the war in Syria, though actually the -legion was kept in Italy. A report was circulated -that he was sending four legions to Placentia with -hostile intentions. The report was disproved by -Curio: but, though the majority of the Senate supported -the opposition, and refused to declare Caesar -a public enemy, Marcellus, the consul, took upon -himself to appoint Pompey to the command over two -legions with authority to raise more against Caesar. -On his return to Cisalpine Gaul in November, Caesar -ignored this illegal commission and privately offered -to give up Transalpine Gaul on March 1, if allowed -to keep Cisalpine Gaul and Illyricum with two legions -or even Illyricum with one. It was at this juncture -that Cicero returned to Italy, and he seems to have -spoken in favour of accepting this proposal, though -shocked at Caesar's "impudence" in making it. But -neither Pompey nor the Senatorial party took it -<span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span>seriously, and Caesar was forced to send an ultimatum -stating that he would resign only if Pompey did the -same. The Senate replied that, if he did not resign, -he would be declared a public enemy: and, when -their motion to that effect was vetoed by Antony -and Cassius, the latter met with the same treatment -and had to flee to Caesar in company with Curio.</p> - -<p>On hearing their report Caesar took the first step -in the war by crossing the Rubicon. His march -southward was so quickly executed that Pompey and -the consuls evacuated Rome. Negotiations for peace -failed. Domitius with eighteen cohorts at Corfinium -was taken prisoner, and Pompey retreated to Brundisium -on his way to Greece. Hurrying after him -Caesar blockaded the town: but Pompey succeeded -in effecting his escape. Meantime Cicero was exhibiting -the weakest side of his character. At the -first outbreak he offered to go with Pompey: but he -was given the command of Capua and the Campanian -coast. This command he resigned in a few days: -later he set out to join Pompey at Brundisium, but -retreated for fear of capture: and thereafter for -months he remained at Formiae shilly-shallying and -writing querulous letters to Atticus for advice. However, -when he met Caesar on his return from Brundisium -to Rome, he had sufficient courage to refuse -to take a seat in the House and support his demands.</p> - -<p>Caesar's stay in Rome was short and marked only -by his seizure of the public treasury and the appointment -of his friends Lepidus and Antony as prefect -of the city and military commander respectively. -Then he hastened to Spain, where, after nearly -meeting with a disaster, he defeated the five legions -under Afranius and Petreius at Ilerda, and gained -<span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[Pg viii]</a></span>the whole peninsula. While the issue was still uncertain -in Spain, and indeed things looked unfavourable -to Caesar, Cicero screwed up his courage -and joined Pompey in Epirus. Meantime Sardinia -was occupied by Caesar's adjutant P. Valerius and -Sicily gave way to Curio. The latter passed on to -Africa, where after some success he met with defeat -and death at the hands of Juba. It was not till -January 48 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> that Caesar effected a landing in -Epirus, where he proceeded to surround Pompey's -camp near Dyrrachium: but his lines were broken -through and he sustained a slight defeat. He retired -towards Thessaly and there in August won a -decisive victory over Pompey at Pharsalus. Pompey -fled to Cyprus and thence to Egypt, there to meet -his death. The rest of the party split up, some -going to Africa to carry on the war, others to Greece -and Asia to make terms for themselves with Caesar. -Cicero after a violent quarrel with his brother at -Patrae returned to Brundisium, and there spent -many miserable months wondering what his fate -would be when Caesar returned. His misfortunes -were increased by a rupture with his wife Terentia, -and the unfaithfulness and general misconduct of -his son-in-law Dolabella, which forced him to procure -a divorce for Tullia. And there this volume -leaves him, moaning.</p> - -<p>The following abbreviations are used in the apparatus -criticus:—</p> - -<div class="hangindent"> - -<p><em>M</em> = the <cite>Codex Mediceus</cite> 49, 18, written in the year -1389 <span class="smcap">A.D.</span>, and now preserved in the Laurentian -Library at Florence. <em>M</em><sup>1</sup> denotes the reading of -the first hand, and <em>M</em><sup>2</sup> that of a reviser.</p> - -<p>Δ = the reading of <em>M</em> when supported by that of the -<span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[Pg ix]</a></span><cite>Codex Urbinas 322</cite>, a MS. of the 15th century, -preserved in the Vatican Library.</p> - -<p><em>N</em> = the <cite>Codex ex abbatia Florentina</cite>, n. 14 in the Laurentian -Library, written in the 14th or 15th century.</p> - -<p><em>O</em> = <cite>Codex</cite> 1.5.34 in the University Library at Turin, -written in the 15th century.</p> - -<p><em>P</em> = No. 8536 of the Latin MSS. in the Bibliothèque -Nationale at Paris, a MS. of the 15th century.</p> - -<p><em>Ant.</em> = <em>Codex Antonianus</em>, used by Malaspina.</p> - -<p><em>C</em> = the marginal readings in Cratander's edition of -1528, drawn from a MS. which is lost.</p> - -<p><em>F</em> = <cite>Codex Faerni</cite>, used by Malaspina.</p> - -<p><em>Z</em> = the readings of the lost <cite>Codex Tornaesianus</cite>, <em>Z</em><sup>b</sup> -denoting the reading as preserved by Bosius, and -<em>Z</em><sup>l</sup> that testified to by Lambinus.</p> - -<p><em>I</em> = the editio <cite>Jensoniana princeps</cite> (Venice, 1470).</p> - -<p><em>L</em> = readings in the text of Lambinus' edition, or -conjectures of Lambinus.</p> - -<p><em>Vict.</em> = the <cite>editio Petri Victori</cite> (Venice, 1534-37).</p></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[Pg x]</a><br /><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[Pg xi]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2>CONTENTS</h2> - - -<div class="center"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="CONTENTS"> - <tr> - <td>Letters to Atticus Book VII</td> - <td class="tdr"><em>Page</em> <a href="#Page_2">2</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Letters to Atticus Book VIII</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_98">98</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Letters to Atticus Book IX</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_176">176</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Letters to Atticus Book X</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_272">272</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Letters to Atticus Book XI</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_352">352</a></td> - </tr> -</table><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[Pg xii]</a></span> -</div> - -<p class="center"><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> - -<p class="ph2 p6">CICERO'S LETTERS</p> - -<p class="ph2">TO ATTICUS</p> - -<p class="ph2">BOOK VII</p> - -<p class="p6">R VOL. II -</p> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<div class="chapter"><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span><br /></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2>M. TULLI CICERONIS<br /> - -EPISTULARUM AD ATTICUM<br /> - -LIBER SEPTIMUS</h2> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>I<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Athenis -XVII K. -Nov. a. 704</em></div> - -<p>Dederam equidem L. Saufeio litteras et dederam -ad te unum, quod, cum non esset temporis mihi ad -scribendum satis, tamen hominem tibi tam familiarem -sine meis litteris ad te venire nolebam; sed, ut philosophi -ambulant, has tibi redditum iri putabam prius. -Sin iam illas accepisti, scis me Athenas venisse pr. -Idus Octobres, e navi egressum in Piraeum tuas ab -Acasto nostro litteras accepisse, conturbatum, quod -cum febre Romam venisses, bono tamen animo esse -coepisse, quod Acastus ea, quae vellem, de allevato -corpore tuo nuntiaret, cohorruisse autem me eo<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> -quod tuae litterae de legionibus Caesaris adferrent, -et egisse tecum, ut videres, ne quid φιλοτιμία eius, -quem nosti, nobis noceret, et, de quo iam pridem ad -te scripseram, Turranius autem secus tibi Brundisi -dixerat (quod ex iis litteris cognovi, quas a Xenone, -optimo viro, accepi), cur fratrem provinciae non praefecissem, -exposui breviter. Haec fere sunt in illa -epistula. Nunc audi reliqua.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> me eo <em>Tyrrell</em>; me <em>MSS.</em>; eo <em>Koch</em>, <em>Müller</em>.</p></div> - -<p>Per fortunas! omnem tuum amorem, quo me es -amplexus, omnemque tuam prudentiam, quam mehercule</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> - -<div class="chapter"><br /><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3 class="ph2">CICERO'S LETTERS<br /> - -TO ATTICUS<br /> - -BOOK VII</h3> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>I<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Athens, Oct. -16</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>50</em></div> - - -<p>I did give L. Saufeius a letter, one for you alone, -because, though I had no time to write, I was reluctant -that so intimate an acquaintance of yours should -come to you without a note from me. But, considering -the pace of philosophers, I imagine the present letter -will reach you first. If, however, you have got that -earlier letter now, you will know that I arrived at -Athens on Oct. 14; that on disembarking at the port -I received your letter from our friend Acastus; that, -perturbed though I was at your arrival in Rome with -a fever, nevertheless I began to take heart at Acastus' -welcome announcement of your convalescence; -but shivered myself at your news of Caesar's legions, -and pleaded with you to beware lest friend Philotimus' -time-serving injure us.<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> As for the point I touched -on long ago (misrepresented to you by Turranius at -Brundisium, as I gathered from a letter received -from that good fellow Xeno), I set forth briefly the -reason why I had not put my brother in charge of -the province. Those practically were the topics of -that letter. Now hear what remains.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> Cf. vi, 4, 6, 9.</p></div> - -<p>In heaven's name, I want all the affection which -you have lavished on me, and all your worldly</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p> - -<p>in omni genere iudico singularem, confer ad eam -curam, ut de omni statu meo cogites. Videre enim -mihi videor tantam dimicationem, nisi idem deus, qui -nos melius, quam optare auderemus, Parthico bello -liberavit, respexerit rem publicam,—sed tantam, -quanta numquam fuit. Age, hoc malum mihi commune -est cum omnibus. Nihil tibi mando ut de eo -cogites, illud meum proprium πρόβλεμα, quaeso, suscipe. -Videsne, ut te auctore sim utrumque complexus? -Ac vellem a principio te audisse amicissime -monentem.</p> - -<p class="center">Ἀλλ' ἐμὸν οὔποτε θυμὸν ἐνὶ στήθεσσιν ἔπειθες. -</p> - -<p>Sed aliquando tamen persuasisti, ut alterum complecterer, -quia de me erat optume meritus, alterum, -quia tantum valebat. Feci igitur itaque effeci omni -obsequio, ut neutri illorum quisquam esset me carior. -Haec enim cogitabamus, nec mihi coniuncto cum -Pompeio fore necesse peccare in re publica aliquando -nec cum Caesare sentienti pugnandum esse cum -Pompeio. Tanta erat illorum coniunctio. Nunc impendet, -ut et tu ostendis, et ego video, summa inter -eos contentio. Me autem uterque numerat suum, nisi -forte simulat alter. Nam Pompeius non dubitat; vere -enim iudicat ea, quae de re publica nunc sentiat, -mihi valde probari. Utriusque autem accepi eius -modi litteras eodem tempore quo tuas, ut neuter -quemquam omnium pluris facere quam me videretur. -Verum quid agam? Non quaero illa ultima (si enim</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p> - -<p>wisdom, which I swear to my mind is unrivalled in -every subject, to be devoted to a careful estimate of -my whole position. For myself, I seem to foresee a -terrific struggle, unless indeed the same god, who -wrought above my boldest hopes in freeing us from -a Parthian war, take pity on the state—anyhow, such -a terrific struggle as there never has been before. -True, the calamity would fall not only on me, but on -every one. I don't ask you to consider the wider -problem: solve my own little case, I entreat. Don't -you see that it is you who are responsible for my -friendship with both Pompey and Caesar? Ah, would -that I had listened to your friendly admonitions from -the outset.</p> - -<div class="sidenote-english">Odyssey ix, 33</div> - -<p class="center">"Thou couldst not sway the spirit in my breast." -</p> - -<p>But at last, however, you persuaded me to be friendly -with the one, because he had done so much for me; -with the other, because he was so powerful. Well, I did -so, and I have studiously contrived to be particularly -dear to both of them. For my idea was this. Allied -with Pompey, I should never have to be guilty of -political impropriety; and, siding with Caesar, I -should not have to fight with Pompey. So close was -the alliance of those two. But now, on your showing -and in my view, there threatens a dire struggle -between them. Each of them counts me his friend—unless, -perhaps, Caesar is dissembling; for Pompey -has no doubt, rightly supposing that his present -political views have my strongest approval. But both -have sent me letters (which came with yours) in -terms that would appear to make more of me than -of anyone at all. But what am I to do? I don't mean -in the long run. If the matter is to be fought in the</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span></p> - -<p>castris res geretur, video cum altero vinci satius esse -quam cum altero vincere), sed illa, quae tum agentur, -cum venero, ne ratio absentis habeatur, ut exercitum -dimittat. "<span class="smcap">Dic, M. Tvlli</span>." Quid dicam? "Exspecta, -amabo te, dum Atticum conveniam"? Non est locus -ad tergiversandum. Contra Caesarem? "Ubi illae -sunt densae dexterae?" Nam, ut illi hoc liceret, -adiuvi rogatus ab ipso Ravennae de Caelio tribuno pl. -Ab ipso autem? Etiam a Gnaeo nostro in illo divino -tertio consulatu.</p> - -<p>Aliter sensero? Αἰδέομαι non Pompeium modo, sed -Τρῶας καὶ Τρωάδας.</p> - -<p class="center">Πουλυδάμας μοι πρῶτος ἐλεγχείην καταθήσει. -</p> - -<p>Quis? Tu ipse scilicet, laudator et factorum et scriptorum -meorum. Hanc ergo plagam effugi per duos -superiores Marcellorum consulatus, cum est actum de -provincia Caesaris, nunc incido in discrimen ipsum? -Itaque ut stultus<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> primus suam sententiam dicat, -mihi valde placet de triumpho nos moliri aliquid, extra -urbem esse cum iustissuma causa. Tamen dabunt -operam, ut eliciant sententiam meam. Ridebis hoc -loco fortasse. Quam vellem etiam nunc in provincia -morari! Plane opus fuit, si hoc impendebat. Etsi -nil miserius. Nam, ὁδῦυ πάρεργον, volo te hoc scire.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> <em>The reading here is debatable.</em> Sulpicius, Hillus, <em>and</em> -alius <em>have been suggested in place of</em> stultus.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p> - -<p>field, I see it would be better to be beaten with -Pompey than to win with Caesar. But what about -the points in debate on my arrival—refusing the -claims of a candidate who is away from Rome and -ordering the disbanding of his army. "Your opinion, -Marcus Tullius," will be the question. What am -I to say? "Please wait till I meet Atticus?" -There is no chance of evasion. I speak against -Caesar? "Where then the pledge of plighted -hands?"<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> For I assisted in getting Caesar privilege -on these two points, when I was asked by him personally -at Ravenna to approach Caelius the tribune -to propose a bill. Asked by him personally, do I say? -Yes, and by our friend Pompey in that immortal -third consulship.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> Probably a quotation from some early poet.</p></div> - -<p>Shall I choose the other course? "I fear" not -only Pompey, but "the men and long-robed dames -of Troy": "Polydamas will be the first to rail."<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> -Who's he? Why, you, who praise my work and writings. -Have I then avoided this trap during the last -two consulships of the Marcelli, when the matter of -Caesar's province was under debate, only to fall now -into the thick of the trouble? That some fool may -have the first vote on the motion, I feel strongly -inclined to devote my energies to my triumph, a -most reasonable excuse for staying outside the city. -Nevertheless they will try to extract my opinion. -Perhaps this will excite your mirth: I wish to goodness -I were still staying in my province. I certainly -ought to have stayed, if this was coming: though it -would have been most wretched. For by the way</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> <cite>Iliad</cite> vi, 442, and xxii, 100.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p> - -<p>Omnia illa prima, quae etiam tu tuis litteris in caelum -ferebas, ἐπίτηκτα fuerunt. Quam non est facilis -virtus! Quam vero difficilis eius diuturna simulatio! -Cum enim hoc rectum et gloriosum putarem, ex annuo -sumptu, qui mihi decretus esset, me C. Caelio -quaestori relinquere annuum, referre in aerarium ad -<span class="smcap">HS CIↃ</span>, ingemuit nostra cohors omne illud putans -distribui sibi oportere, ut ego amicior invenirer Phrygum -et Cilicum aerariis quam nostro. Sed me non -moverunt; nam et mea laus apud me plurimum -valuit, nec tamen quicquam honorifice in quemquam -fieri potuit, quod praetermiserim. Sed haec fuerit, ut -ait Thucydides, ἐκβολὴ λόγου non inutilis.</p> - -<p>Tu autem de nostro statu cogitabis, primum quo -artificio tueamur benevolentiam Caesaris, deinde de -ipso triumpho; quem video, nisi rei publicae tempora -impedient, εὐπόριστον. Iudico autem cum ex litteris -amicorum tum ex supplicatione. Quam qui non decrevit, -plus decrevit, quam si omnes decresset triumphos. -Ei porro adsensus est unus familiaris meus, -Favonius, alter iratus, Hirrus. Cato autem et scribendo -adfuit et ad me de sententia sua iucundissimas -litteras misit. Sed tamen gratulans mihi Caesar -de supplicatione triumphat de sententia Catonis nec -scribit, quid ille sententiae dixerit, sed tantum, supplicationem -eum mihi non decrevisse.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p> - -<p>there is one thing I want to tell you. All that -show of virtue at first, which even you praised sky -high in your letters, was only superficial. Truly -righteousness is hard: hard even to pretend to it -for long. For, when I thought it a fine show of -rectitude to leave my quaestor C. Caelius a year's -cash out of what was decreed me for my budget -and to pay back into the treasury £8,800,<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> my -staff, thinking all the money should have been -distributed among them, lamented that I should -turn out to be more friendly to the treasuries of -Phrygia and Cilicia than to our own. I was unmoved: -for I set my good name before everything. -Yet there is no possible honour that I have omitted -to bestow on any of these knaves. This, in Thucydides' -phrase, is a digression—but not pointless.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> 1,000,000 sesterces.</p></div> - -<div class="sidenote-english">Thuc. i, 97</div> - -<p>But as to my position. You will consider first by -what trick I can retain Caesar's good will: and then -the matter of my triumph, which, barring political -obstacles, seems to me easy to get: I infer as much -from letters from friends and from that business of -the public thanksgiving in my honour. For the man -who voted against it,<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> voted for more than if he had -voted for all the triumphs in the world; moreover -his adherents were one a friend of mine, Favonius, -and another an enemy, Hirrus. Cato both took part in -drafting the decree, and sent me a most agreeable -letter about his vote. But Caesar, in writing to -congratulate me over the thanksgiving, exults over -Cato's vote, says nothing about the latter's speech -on the occasion, and merely remarks that he opposed -the proclamation of a thanksgiving.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> Cato.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p> - - -<p>Redeo ad Hirrum. Coeperas eum mihi placare; -perfice. Habes Scrofam, habes Silium. Ad eos ego -et iam antea scripsi ad ipsum Hirrum. Locutus enim -erat cum iis commode se potuisse impedire, sed noluisse; -adsensum tamen esse Catoni, amicissimo meo, -cum is honorificentissimam in me sententiam dixisset; -nec me ad se ullas litteras misisse, cum ad omnes -mitterem. Verum dicebat. Ad eum enim solum et -ad Crassipedem non scripseram. Atque haec de rebus -forensibus; redeamus domum.</p> - -<p>Diiungere me ab illo volo. Merus est φυρατής, -germanus Lartidius.</p> - -<p class="center">Ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν προτετύχθαι ἐάσομεν ἀχνύμενοί περ. -</p> - -<p>Reliqua expediamus, hoc primum, quod accessit cura -dolori meo. Sed tamen hoc, quicquid est, Precianum -cum iis rationibus, quas ille meas tractat, admisceri -nolo. Scripsi ad Terentiam, scripsi etiam ad ipsum, -me, quicquid possem nummorum, ad apparatum -sperati triumphi ad te redacturum. Ita puto ἄμεμπτα -fore; verum ut lubebit. Hanc quoque suscipe -curam, quem ad modum experiamur. Id tu et ostendisti -quibusdam litteris ex Epiro an Athenis datis, et -in eo ego te adiuvabo.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p> - - -<p>I come back to Hirrus. You have begun to reconcile -him to me; accomplish it. Scrofa and Silius are -on your side. I have already written to them and to -Hirrus himself. For Hirrus had told them in a -friendly way that he could easily have prevented the -decree, but was reluctant; that, however, he had -sided with Cato, my very good friend, when the latter -recorded a vote complimenting me in the highest -terms. Hirrus added that I had omitted to write to -him, though I had sent letters to every one else. He -was right. It was only to him and to Crassipes that I -did not write. So much for public life. Let us come -home.</p> - -<p>I wish to dissociate myself from that fellow Philotimus. -He is a veritable muddler, a regular Lartidius<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a>.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> Taken by the older commentators to be a Latin form of -Λαερτιάδης (i.e. Ulysses); but the sense does not seem to -warrant the comparison, which could only mean "as wily -as Ulysses."</p></div> - -<p class="center">"A truce to what is past for all our pain."<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> -</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> <cite>Iliad</cite> xviii, 112; xix, 65, "Let bygones be bygones."</p></div> - -<p>Let us settle what remains; and first this point, -which adds anxiety to my sorrow. This sum, I mean, -whatever it is, which comes from Precius, I do not -want mixed up with the accounts of mine of which -that fellow has the handling. I have written to Terentia -and to Philotimus himself that I shall deposit with -you any moneys I may collect, for the equipment of -the triumph I anticipate. So I fancy there will be no -<em>amour propre</em> wounded: but as they like. Here is -another matter for your consideration—the steps I -am to take to arrange this business. You outlined -them in a letter dated from Epirus or Athens, and -I will support your plan.</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>II<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Brundisi -V K. -Dec., ut -videtur, a. -704</em></div> - -<p>Brundisium venimus <span class="smcap">VII</span> Kalend. Decembr. usi tua -felicitate navigandi; ita belle nobis</p> - -<p class="center">"Flavit ab Epiro lenissimus Onchesmites." -</p> - -<p>Hunc σπονδειάζοντα, si cui voles τῶν νεωτέρων, pro -tuo vendito. Valetudo tua me valde conturbat; significant -enim tuae litterae te prorsus laborare. Ego -autem, cum sciam, quam sis fortis, vehementius esse -quiddam suspicor, quod te cogat cedere et prope modum -infringat. Etsi alteram quartanam Pamphilus -tuus mihi dixit decessisse et alteram leviorem accedere. -Terentia vero, quae quidem eodem tempore ad -portam Brundisinam venit quo ego in portum mihique -obvia in foro fuit, L. Pontium sibi in Trebulano -dixisse narrabat etiam eam decessisse. Quod si ita -est, est, quod maxume mehercule opto, idque spero -tua prudentia et temperantia te consecutum.</p> - -<p>Venio ad epistulas tuas; quas ego sescentas uno -tempore accepi, aliam alia iucundiorem, quae quidem -erant tua manu. Nam Alexidis manum amabam, quod -tam prope accedebat ad similitudinem tuae litterae; -non amabam, quod indicabat te non valere. Cuius -quoniam mentio facta est, Tironem Patris aegrum reliqui, -adulescentem, ut nosti, et adde, si quid vis,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>II<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -Nov. 26</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> -<em>50</em></div> - -<p>I arrived at Brundisium on the 24th of November -after enjoying your proverbial luck at sea: so fair for -me "blew from Epirus the softest of breezes, Onchesmites." -There, that verse with its spondaic ending -you can pass off for your own on any of our new -school of poets<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> you like. Your health causes me -great anxiety; for I see from your letter that you -really suffer. But, knowing your spirit, I strongly -suspect there is something serious which compels -you to give in and nearly causes a breakdown, -although your Pamphilus tells me that one fit of -quartan has passed, and that a second and lighter -attack is coming on. But Terentia (who reached -Brundisium's gates as I reached the harbour, and -met me in the forum) told me that L. Pontius had -informed her at Trebula that the second attack also -had abated. If that is so, my utmost hopes are -realized, and I expect that consummation has been -attained by your caution and moderate habits.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> Catullus, Cinna, and the other imitators of Alexandrine -poetry.</p></div> - -<p>I come to your letters, which have reached me in -shoals, each more delightful than the last—I mean -those in your own handwriting. I like Alexis' hand; -it so closely resembles your own script; but there -is one thing I do not like about it—it shows -that you are ill. Talking of Alexis, I left Tiro sick -at Patrae; he is, as you know, a young man, and -you may add, if you like, an honest fellow. Nothing</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p> - -<p>probum. Nihil vidi melius. Itaque careo aegre et, -quamquam videbatur se non graviter habere, tamen -sum sollicitus, maximamque spem habeo in M'. Curi -diligentia, de qua ad me scripsit Tiro et multi nuntiarunt. -Curius autem ipse sensit, quam tu velles se -a me diligi, et eo sum admodum delectatus. Et mehercule -est, quam facile diligas, ἀυτόχθων in homine -urbanitas. Eius testamentum deporto trium<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> Ciceronum -signis obsignatum cohortisque praetoriae. -Fecit palam te ex libella, me ex terruncio. In Actio -Corcyrae Alexio me opipare muneratus est. Q. Ciceroni -obsisti non potuit, quo minus Thyamim videret. -Filiola tua te delectari laetor et probari tibi φυσικὴι -esse τὴν πρὸς τὰ τέκνα. Etenim, si haec non est, nulla -potest homini esse ad hominem naturae adiunctio; -qua sublata vitae societas tollitur, "Bene eveniat!" -inquit Carneades spurce, sed tamen prudentius quam -Lucius noster et Patron, qui, cum omnia ad se referant, -numquam quicquam alterius causa fieri putent -et, cum ea re bonum virum oportere esse dicant, ne -malum habeat, non quo id natura rectum sit, non -intellegant se de callido homine loqui, non de bono -viro. Sed haec, opinor, sunt in iis libris, quos tu -laudando animos mihi addidisti.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> detortorio <em>M</em>; detortorium <em>CZ</em>; <em>corr. by Junius</em>.</p></div> - -<p>Redeo ad rem. Quo modo exspectabam epistulam,</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></p> - -<p>could be better than Tiro. So I miss him terribly, -and, though he did not seem very bad, still I am -anxious, and build great hopes on the care of M'. -Curius, about which Tiro has written and many -people have told me. Curius himself was aware of your -desire that he should win my esteem: and I am -greatly charmed with him. Indeed he is one of -nature's gentlemen, whom it is easy to like. I carry -home his will sealed with the seals of three of my -family and of the praetor's staff. In the presence -of witnesses he made you heir to a tenth of his -estate and me to a fortieth.<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> At Actium in Corcyra -Alexio made me a splendid present. Q. Cicero -could not be stopped from seeing the river Thyamis. -I am glad you take delight in your baby daughter, -and have satisfied yourself that a desire for children -is natural.<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> For, if it is not, there can be -no natural tie between man and man; remove that -tie, and social life is destroyed. "Heaven bless the -consequence," says Carneades naughtily, but with -more wisdom than our philosophers Lucius and -Patron, who in sticking to selfish hedonism and -denying altruism, and saying that man must be virtuous -for fear of the consequences of vice and not -because virtue is an end in itself, fail to see that -they are describing a type not of goodness but of -craftiness. But these points, I think, are handled -in the volumes<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> you have encouraged me by praising.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> Monetary fractions are generally expressed by parts of -the <em>as</em>; but here the <em>denarius</em> is used as the standard. The -<em>libella</em> was one-tenth and the <em>teruncius</em> one-fortieth of a -<em>denarius</em>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> With φυσικήν the substantive ὁρμήν must be understood.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> <cite>De Republica.</cite></p></div> - -<p>I return to business. How I looked for the letter</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p> - -<p>quam Philoxeno dedisses! Scripseras enim in ea esse -de sermone Pompei Neapolitano. Eam mihi Patron -Brundisi reddidit. Corcyrae, ut opinor, acceperat. -Nihil potuit esse iucundius. Erat enim de re publica, -de opinione, quam is vir haberet integritatis meae, -de benevolentia, quam ostendit eo sermone, quem -habuit de triumpho. Sed tamen hoc iucundissimum, -quod intellexi te ad eum venisse, ut eius animum -erga me perspiceres. Hoc mihi, inquam, accidit -iucundissimum. De triumpho autem nulla me cupiditas -umquam tenuit ante Bibuli impudentissimas -litteras, quas amplissume supplicatio consecuta est. -A quo si ea gesta essent, quae scripsit, gauderem et -honori faverem; nunc illum, qui pedem porta, quoad -hostis cis Euphratem fuit, non extulerit, honore -augeri, me, in cuius exercitu spem illius exercitus -habuit, idem non adsequi, dedecus est nostrum, nostrum -inquam te coniungens. Itaque omnia experiar, -et ut spero, adsequar. Quodsi tu valeres, iam mihi -quaedam explorata essent. Sed, ut spero, valebis.</p> - -<p>De raudusculo Numeriano multum te amo. Hortensius -quid egerit, aveo scire, Cato quid agat; qui -quidem in me turpiter fuit malevolus. Dedit integritatis, -iustitiae, clementiae, fidei mihi testimonium, -quod non quaerebam; quod postulabam, negavit id. -Itaque Caesar eis litteris, quibus mihi gratulatur et -omnia pollicetur, quo modo exsultat Catonis in me -ingratissmi iniuria! At hic idem Bibulo dierum <span class="smcap">XX</span>.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p> - -<p>you said was entrusted to Philoxenus! For it was to -contain news of Pompey's talk at Naples. Patron -handed it to me at Brundisium. It was at Corcyra, -I fancy, he had taken charge of it. Nothing could be -more delightful. It touched on politics, the great man's -opinion of my honour, the kindliness he displayed -in his remarks about my triumph. But the most delightful -item of all was the intelligence that you had -called on him to find out his feeling towards me. This, -I repeat, was what I found most delightful. As for -a triumph, I had no desire for one up to the time -Bibulus sent his shameless despatches and got a -thanksgiving voted in the most complimentary way. -Now, if he had done what he professed to have done, -I should have been glad and supported the honour; -but, as it is, it is a disgrace to us—to both of us: for -I include you in the business—that I, on whose army -his army relied, should not get the same rewards as -a man who never set foot outside the city gates so -long as there was an enemy this side of Euphrates. -Therefore I shall make every effort, and, as I hope, -shall succeed. If you were well, some points would -have been settled already; but I hope you will soon -be well.</p> - -<p>For that twopenny debt to Numerius I am much -bounden to you. I long to know what Hortensius -has done about my triumph and what Cato is doing. -Cato's behaviour to me was shamefully spiteful. He -gave me a character for rectitude, equity, clemency, -and good faith, for which I did not ask; what I did -want, that he denied me. Accordingly in his letter of -congratulation and lavish assurances, how Caesar -exults over the wrong Cato did me by his deep ingratitude! -Yet Cato voted Bibulus a twenty days'</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p> - -<p>Ignosce mihi; non possum haec ferre nec -feram.</p> - -<p>Cupio ad omnes tuas epistulas, sed nihil necesse -est; iam enim te videbo. Illud tamen de Chrysippo—nam -de altero illo minus sum admiratus, operario -homine; sed tamen ne illo quidem quicquam improbius. -Chrysippum vero, quem ego propter litterularum -nescio quid libenter vidi, in honore habui, discedere -a puero insciente me! Mitto alia, quae audio -multa, mitto furta; fugam non fero, qua mihi nihil -visum est sceleratius. Itaque usurpavi vetus illud -Drusi, ut ferunt, praetoris, in eo, qui eadem liber non -iuraret, me istos liberos non addixisse, praesertim -cum adesset nemo, a quo recte vindicarentur. Id tu, -ut videbitur, ita accipies; ego tibi adsentiar.</p> - -<p>Uni tuae disertissimae epistulae non rescripsi, in -qua est de periculis rei publicae. Quid rescriberem? -valde eram perturbatus. Sed ut nihil magno opere -metuam, Parthi faciunt, qui repente Bibulum semivivum -reliquerunt.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>III<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Trebulano -V -Id. Dec. a. -704</em></div> - -<p>A. d. <span class="smcap">VIII</span> Idus Decembr. Aeculanum veni et ibi -tuas litteras legi, quas Philotimus mihi reddidit. E -quibus hanc primo aspectu voluptatem cepi, quod</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p> - -<p>festival. Forgive me, I cannot and I will not bear -it.</p> - -<p>I long to answer all your letters; but there is no -need, for soon I shall see you. Still I must tell you -about Chrysippus—the conduct of that other fellow, -a mere mechanic, excites my surprise less, though it -could not have been more scandalous. But Chrysippus, -whom I was always glad to see and held in -honour, because he had a smattering of culture, fancy -him deserting my son without my knowledge! I can -put up with other things, though I hear of plenty, I -can even put up with embezzlement; but I cannot -put up with his flight. It is the most scandalous -thing I ever heard of. So I have taken a leaf from -Drusus' book, when, in his praetorship, as the story -goes, a man, who had been manumitted, refused to -take the oaths he had promised: and I have denied -that those fellows ever were freed by me, especially -as there were no legal witnesses to the transaction. -Take it any way you will: I will abide by your -decision.</p> - -<p>The only one of your letters, which I have -not answered, is the most eloquent of them all, dealing -with the country's peril. I have no answer to -make: I am very much upset. But the Parthians, -whose sudden retreat left Bibulus half dead with -fright, have taught me not to be much alarmed at -anything.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>III<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Trebula, -Dec. 9</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>50</em></div> - -<p>On the 6th of December I came to Aeculanum, -and there I read your letter, which Philotimus handed -to me. I was pleased at the first glance to see it was</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p> - -<p>erant a te ipso scriptae, deinde earum accuratissuma -diligentia sum mirum in modum delectatus. Ac -primum illud, in quo te Dicaearcho adsentiri negas, -etsi cupidissume expetitum a me est et te approbante, -ne diutius anno in provincia essem, tamen non est -nostra contentione perfectum. Sic enim scito, verbum -in senatu factum esse numquam de ullo nostrum, -qui provincias obtinuimus, quo in iis diutius quam ex -senatus consulto maneremus, ut iam ne istius quidem -rei culpam sustineam, quod minus diu fuerim in provincia, -quam fortasse fuerit utile. Sed "quid si hoc -melius?" opportune dici videtur ut in hoc ipso. -Sive enim ad concordiam res adduci potest sive ad -bonorum victoriam, utriusvis rei me aut adiutorem -velim esse aut certe non expertem; sin vincuntur -boni, ubicumque essem, una cum iis victus essem. -Quare celeritas nostri reditus ἀμεταμέλητος debet -esse. Quodsi ista nobis cogitatio de triumpho iniecta -non esset, quam tu quoque adprobas, ne tu haud -multum requireres illum virum, qui in sexto libro -informatus est. Quid enim tibi faciam, qui illos -libros devorasti? Quin nunc ipsum non dubitabo -rem tantam abicere, si id erit rectius. Utrumque -vero simul agi non potest, et de triumpho ambitiose -et de re publica libere. Sed ne dubitaris, quin, -quod honestius, id mihi futurum sit antiquius. -Nam, quod putas utilius esse, vel mihi quod tutius -sit, vel etiam ut rei publicae prodesse possim, me -esse cum imperio, id coram considerabimus quale sit. -Habet enim res deliberationem; etsi ex parte magna</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p> - -<p>in your handwriting; and I was highly delighted at -the care and attention it showed. First you say that -you disagree with Dicaearchus.<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a> Now, though I was -exceedingly anxious, and that with your approval, -not to stay in my province more than a year, it was -not my own efforts that gained the point. For you -should know that no word was ever said in the House -about any of us provincial governors outstaying the -term of our appointment; so that now I am not to be -blamed even for making a shorter stay in my province -than was perhaps to my advantage. But "all for -the best" is an apt saying, as it is in this case. For, if -peace can be patched up, or the loyalists can be made -to win the victory, I should be sorry not to assist or at -any rate have a hand in the matter. But, if the loyalists -are conquered, I should share their defeat wherever I -were. So my speedy return ought not to cost me any -regret. If this idea of a triumph that you approve had -not come into my head, you would find me not far short -of the ideal statesman I sketched in the sixth volume.<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a> -What would you have me do, you devourer of those -books of mine? Even now I will not hesitate to -throw away my great ambition, if that course is -better. One cannot of course play both parts at once, -the selfish candidate for triumph and the independent -politician. But doubt not that I shall take honesty to be -my best policy. As for your point that it were better -for me, whether for my private safety, or for the -public welfare, that I should retain my command, we -will talk it over together. It is a matter for deliberation,</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> Cf. II, 16, where Dicaearchus is mentioned as an advocate -of an active life. He was a pupil of Aristotle, and wrote -philosophical and geographical works.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> Of the <cite>De Republica</cite>.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p> - -<p>tibi adsentior. De animo autem meo erga rem publicam -bene facis quod non dubitas, et illud probe -indicas, nequaquam satis pro meis officiis, pro ipsius -in alios effusione illum in me liberalem fuisse, eiusque -rei causam vere explicas, et eis, quae de Fabio -Caninioque acta scribis, valde consentiunt. Quae si -secus essent, totumque se ille in me profudisset, -tamen illa, quam scribis, custos urbis me praeclarae -inscriptionis memorem esse cogeret, nec mihi concederet, -ut imitarer Volcacium aut Servium, quibus -tu es contentus, sed aliquid nos vellet nobis dignum -et sentire et defendere. Quod quidem agerem, si -liceret, alio modo, ac nunc agendum est.</p> - -<p>De sua potentia dimicant homines hoc tempore -periculo civitatis. Nam, si res publica defenditur, -cur ea consule isto ipso defensa non est? cur ego, in -cuius causa rei publicae salus consistebat, defensus -postero anno non sum? cur imperium illi aut cur illo -modo prorogatum est? cur tanto opere pugnatum est, -ut de eius absentis ratione habenda decem tribuni pl. -ferrent? His ille rebus ita convaluit, ut nunc in uno -civi spes ad resistendum sit; qui mallem tantas ei -vires non dedisset quam nunc tam valenti resisteret,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p> - -<p>though I agree with you in the main. -You do well not to doubt my attitude towards politics: -and you judge rightly that Caesar has not been -liberal to me considering my services, and considering -his lavishness towards others. You explain his -reasons rightly: I am in the same boat with Fabius -and Caninius,<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> as your letter shows. But if things -were otherwise and he had been profuse in his generosity -towards me, nevertheless the goddess you mention, -the guardian of the city, would have compelled -me to remember her fine inscription, and would not -allow me to imitate Volcacius or Servius,<a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a> with whom -you are content, but would wish me to express and -maintain a policy worthy of my name. And I should -have done it, if I could, in a different way from the -way I must adopt now.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> <em>Legati</em> of Caesar: but nothing is known of any slight on -them.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> Before his exile Cicero dedicated a statue of Minerva in -the Capitol with the inscription <em>Custos Urbis</em>. Possibly, however, -there was a longer inscription. Volcacius and Servius -maintained neutrality in the civil war.</p></div> - -<p>It is for their own power men are fighting now to -the danger of the country. For if the constitution -is being defended, why was it not defended when -Caesar himself was consul? Why was I, on whose -case the safety of the constitution depended, not -defended in the following year? Why was Caesar's -command prolonged, or why was it prolonged in such -a fashion? Why was there such a struggle to get the -ten tribunes to bring in a bill allowing him to stand -in his absence? All this has made him so strong -that now hope of resistance depends on one citizen. -I wish that citizen had not given him so much power -rather than that he now resisted him in the hour of</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p> - -<p>Sed, quoniam res eo deducta est, non quaeram, ut -scribis:</p> - -<p class="center">Ποῦ σκάφος τὸ τῶν Ἀτρειδῶν; -</p> - -<p>coegi a Pompeio gubernabitur. -Illud ipsum quod ais: "Quid fiet, cum erit dictum: -<span class="smcap">Dic, M. Tvlli</span>?"—σύντομα: "<span class="smcap">Cn. Pompeio adsentior</span>." -Ipsum tamen Pompeium separatim ad concordiam -hortabor. Sic enim sentio, maxumo in periculo -rem esse. Vos scilicet plura, qui in urbe estis. -Verum tamen haec video, cum homine audacissimo -paratissimoque negotium esse, omnes damnatos -omnes ignominia adfectos, omnes damnatione ignominiaque -dignos illac facere, omnem fere iuventutem -omnem illam urbanam ac perditam plebem, tribunos -valentes addito C. Cassio, omnes, qui aere alieno premantur, -quos pluris esse intellego, quam putaram -(causam solum ilia causa non habet, ceteris rebus -abundat), hic omnia facere omnes, ne armis decernatur; -quorum exitus semper incerti, nunc vero -etiam in alteram partem magis timendi.</p> - -<p>Bibulus de provincia decessit, Veientonem praefecit; -in decedendo erit, ut audio, tardior. Quem cum -ornavit Cato, declaravit iis se solis non invidere, quibus -nihil aut non multum ad dignitatem posset accedere.</p> - -<p>Nunc venio ad privata; fere enim respondi tuis -litteris de re publica, et iis, quas in suburbano, et iis, -quas postea scripsisti. Ad privata venio. Unum -etiam de Caelio. Tantum abest, ut meam ille sententiam</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p> - -<p>his strength. But since things have come to such a -pass, I shall not ask, to borrow your quotation,</p> - -<p class="center">"Where is the bark of Atreus' sons?"<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a> -</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> Euripides <cite>Troades</cite> 455 ποῦ σκάφος τὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ</p></div> - -<p>My only bark will be that which has Pompey for a -pilot. For your query "What will happen when the -question is put 'Your vote, Marcus Tullius'"—briefly -"I vote with Pompey." Still I shall exhort -Pompey privately to pacific measures. I feel that -there is the greatest danger. You, who are in town, -will know more. Yet I see that we have to do with -a man of the greatest daring and readiness, who has -on his side all the criminal and social outcasts, and all -who deserve to be counted criminals and outcasts; -nearly all the younger generation; all the lowest -city rabble; the powerful tribunes including C. -Cassius; all the insolvent, who are more in number -than I imagined. All his cause wants is a good -cause: it has everything else in plenty. On our side -we all do everything to avoid battle. You can never -be sure of the issue of war, and it is to be feared it -would go against us now.</p> - -<p>Bibulus has quitted the province and left Veiento -in charge: he will be pretty slow, I hear, on his -journey. This is the man in whose praise Cato -spoke, when he declared that the only people he -did not envy were those who could not be raised -higher or not much higher.</p> - -<p>To come to private matters: for I have fairly -answered your letter on the political situation, both -the one you wrote in your town villa and the one you -wrote later. Now for private matters. But one -word about Caelius. So far is he from affecting my</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p> - -<p>moveat, ut valde ego ipsi, quod de sua -sententia decesserit; paenitendum putem. Sed quid -est, quod et vici Luccei sint addicti? Hoc te praetermisisse -miror. De Philotimo faciam equidem, ut -mones. Sed ego mihi ab illo non rationes exspectabam, -quas tibi edidit, verum id reliquum, quod ipse -in Tusculano me referre in commentarium mea manu -voluit, quodque idem in Asia mihi sua manu scriptum -dedit. Id si praestaret, quantum mihi aeris alieni -esse tibi edidit, tantum et plus etiam mihi ipse deberet. -Sed in hoc genere, si modo per rem publicam -licebit, non accusabimur posthac, neque hercule antea -neglegentes fuimus, sed amicorum multitudine occupati. -Ergo utemur, ut polliceris, et opera et consilio -tuo nec tibi erimus, ut spero, in eo molesti. De serperastris -cohortis meae nihil est quod doleas. Ipsi -enim se collegerunt admiratione integritatis meae. -Sed me moverat nemo magis quam is, quem tu neminem -putas. Idem et initio fuerat et nunc est egregius. -Sed in ipsa decessione significavit sperasse se -aliquid et id, quod animum induxerat paulisper, non -tenuit, sed cito ad se rediit, meisque honorificentissimis -erga se officiis victus pluris ea duxit quam -omnem pecuniam.</p> - -<p>Ego a Curio tabulas accepi, quas mecum porto. -Hortensi legata cognovi. Nunc aveo scire, quid -hominis sit et quarum rerum auctionem instituat.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p> - -<p>view, that I think he must be sorry he changed his -own. But what is this story of Lucceius' property -being knocked down to him? I wonder you passed -that over. As for Philotimus I shall take your advice. -But I was not expecting from him the accounts, -which he gave you: I was expecting the balance, -which he wished me to enter in my note-book with -my own hand at Tusculum, and for which he gave -me in Asia a certificate in his own hand. If he should -pay up all the money he told you was owing to me, -he would still owe me as much again and even more. -But, if only politics will allow, I shall not incur blame -hereafter in matters of this kind. Indeed I have not -been careless hitherto; but my time has been taken -up by a crowd of friends. I shall therefore have -your industry and advice, as you promise, and I hope -I shall not be troublesome in the matter. You have -no reason to lament the treatment that I meted to -my crooked staff.<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a> They pulled themselves together -in amaze at my honesty. But nobody surprised me -more than the man whom you think a nobody. -From first to last he was and is splendid. But just -at my departure he showed me that he had hoped -for some reward; and yet he did not long cling to -the idea which had entered his mind, but quickly -came to himself again, and overwhelmed by the -honours I had done him, regarded them as of more -worth than any money.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> Lit. "about the knee-splints (I gave) my staff." He -refers to restraining their rapacity.</p></div> - -<p>I have received his will from Curius and bring it -with me. I know the legacies Hortensius has to -pay. Now I want to know the metal of the man, -and what properties he is putting up for sale. When</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p> - -<p>Nescio enim, cur, cum portam Flumentanam Caelius -occuparit, ego Puteolos non meos faciam.</p> - -<p>Venio ad "Piraeea" in quo magis reprehendendus -sum, quod homo Romanus "Piraeea" scripserim, non -"Piraeum" (sic enim omnes nostri locuti sunt), quam -quod addiderim "in." Non enim hoc ut oppido praeposui, -sed ut loco. Et tamen Dionysius noster et, -qui est nobiscum, Nicias Cous non rebatur oppidum -esse Piraeea. Sed de re ego<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a> videro. Nostrum -quidem si est peccatum, in eo est, quod non ut de -oppido locutus sum, sed ut de loco, secutusque sum -non dico Caecilium:</p> - -<p class="center">"Máne ut ex portu ín Piraeum" -</p> - -<p>(malus enim auctor Latinitatis est), sed Terentium, -cuius fabellae propter elegantiam sermonis putabantur -a C. Laelio scribi:</p> - -<p class="center">"Heri áliquot adulescéntuli coíimus in Piraeum," -</p> - -<p>et idem:</p> - -<p class="center">"Mercátor hoc addébat, captam e Súnio." -</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> re ego <em>Reid</em>; re <em>L (marg.), M (above the line)</em>; reo -<em>NOPM</em><sup>1</sup>: eo <em>M</em><sup>2</sup>.</p></div> - -<p>Quodsi δήμους oppida volumus esse, tam est oppidum -Sunium quam Piraeus. Sed, quoniam grammaticus -es, si hoc mihi ξήτημα persolveris, magna me -molestia liberaris.</p> - -<p>Ille mihi litteras blandas mittit: facit idem pro eo -Balbus. Mihi certum est ab honestissuma sententia -digitum nusquam. Sed scis, illi reliquum quantum -sit. Putasne igitur verendum esse, ne aut obiciat id -nobis aliquis, si languidius, aut repetat, si fortius? -Quid ad haec reperis? "Solvamus," inquis. Age, a</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span></p> - -<p>Caelius has taken the Porta Flumentana,<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a> I don't see -why I should not make Puteoli mine.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> Caelius had bought Lucceius' property near the Porta -Flumentana at the entrance of the Campus Martius.</p></div> - -<p>Coming to the form <em>Piraeea</em>, I am more to be -blamed for writing it thus and not <em>Piraeum</em> in -Latin, as all our people do, than I am for adding the -preposition "<em>in</em>." I used "<em>in</em>" as before a word -signifying a place and not a town. After all Dionysius -and Nicias of Cos, who is with me, do not consider -that the Piraeus is a town. I will look into -the question. If I have made a mistake, it is in -speaking of it not as a town but as a place, and I -have authority. I do not depend on a quotation -from Caecilius: "<em>Máne ut ex portu in Piraeum</em>,"<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a> as -he is a poor authority in Latinity; but I will quote -Terence, whose fine style caused his plays to be -ascribed to C. Laelius "<em>Heri áliquot adulescéntuli -coíimus in Piraeum</em>," and again: "<em>Mercátor hoc addébat, -captam e Súnio</em>."<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a> If we want to call parishes towns, -Sunium is as much a town as the Piraeus. But, -since you are a purist, you will save me a lot of -trouble, if you can solve the problem for me.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> In the morning as I disembarked in the Piraeus.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> Terence, <cite>Eun.</cite> 539 (yesterday while some of us youths -met in the Piraeus), and 115 (The merchant added one -thing more, a female slave from Sunium). In the first the -MSS. of Terence read <em>Piraeo</em>.</p></div> - -<p>Caesar sends me a friendly letter. Balbus does -the same on his account. Certainly I shall not -swerve a finger's breadth from the strictest honour; -but you know how much I still owe him. Don't you -think there is fear that this may be cast in my -teeth, if I am slack; and repayment demanded from -me, if I am energetic? What solution is there?</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span></p> - -<p>Caelio mutuabimur. Hoc tu tamen consideres velim; -puto enim, in senatu si quando praeclare pro re publica -dixero, Tartessium istum tuum mihi exeunti: -"Iube sodes nummos curare."</p> - -<p>Quid superest? Etiam. Gener est suavis mihi, -Tulliae, Terentiae. Quantumvis vel ingenii vel -humanitatis: satis est<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a>; reliqua, quae nosti, ferenda. -Scis enim, quos aperuerimus. Qui omnes praeter eum, -de quo per te egimus, reum me<a name="FNanchor_26_26" id="FNanchor_26_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a> facerent.<a name="FNanchor_27_27" id="FNanchor_27_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a> Ipsis -enim expensum nemo feret. Sed haec coram; nam -multi sermonis sunt. Tironis reficiendi spes est in -M'. Curio; cui ego scripsi tibi eum gratissimum -facturum.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> satis est <em>Mommsen</em>: satis <em>MSS.</em>: comitatis satis <em>or</em> satis -dignitatis <em>Lehmann</em>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> rem <em>Bosius</em>; rem a me <em>Purser</em>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_27_27" id="Footnote_27_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> facere rentur Δ <em>Bosius</em>; facerentur <em>O</em><sup>2</sup>.</p></div> - -<p>Data v Idus Decembr. a Pontio ex Trebulano.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Pompeiano -IV aut III -Id. Dec. a -704</em></div> - -<p>Dionysium flagrantem desiderio tui misi ad te nec -mehercule aequo animo, sed fuit concedendum. -Quem quidem cognovi cum doctum, quod mihi iam -ante erat notum, tum sane plenum officii, studiosum -etiam meae laudis, frugi hominem, ac, ne libertinum -laudare videar, plane virum bonum. Pompeium vidi -IIII Idus Decembres. Fuimus una horas duas fortasse. -Magna laetitia mihi visus est adfici meo adventu, de</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span></p> - -<p>"Pay up," say you. Well, I will borrow from the -bank.<a name="FNanchor_28_28" id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a> But there is a point you might consider. If -I ever make a notable speech in the House on behalf -of the constitution, your friend from Tarshish<a name="FNanchor_29_29" id="FNanchor_29_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_29_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a> will be -pretty sure to say to me as I go out: "Kindly send -me a draft."</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> Caelius the banker is again referred to in XII, 5.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> L. Cornelius Balbus of Tartessus.</p></div> - -<p>Anything else? Yes. My son-in-law is agreeable -to me, to Tullia, and to Terentia. He has any amount -of native charm or shall I say culture: and that is -enough. We must put up with the faults you know -of. For you know what we have found the others to -be on inspection. All of them except the one with -whom you negotiated for us would get me into the -law courts. No one will lend them money on their -own security. But this when we meet: it is a long -story. My hope of Tiro's recovery lies in M'. Curius. -I have written to him that he will be doing you the -greatest favour.</p> - -<p>Dec. 9, at Pontius' villa at Trebula.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Pompeii, -Dec. 10 or -11</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>50</em></div> - -<p>Dionysius burned to be with you, so I sent him, -with some misgivings I must admit; but it had to be. -I knew him before to be a scholar: I find him very -obliging, careful of my good name, an honest fellow, -and, not to give him a mere freedman's character, -evidently a man of honour. Pompey I interviewed -on the 10th of December. We were together a matter -of two hours: he seemed greatly delighted with</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span></p> - -<p>triumpho hortari, suscipere partes suas, monere, ne -ante in senatum accederem, quam rem confecissem, -ne dicendis sententiis aliquem tribunum alienarem. -Quid quaeris? in hoc officio sermonis nihil potuit esse -prolixius. De re publica autem ita mecum locutus est, -quasi non dubium bellum haberemus. Nihil ad spem -concordiae. Plane illum a se alienatum cum ante intellegeret, -tum vero proxume iudicasse. Venisse Hirtium -a Caesare, qui esset illi familiarissimus, ad se non -accessisse, et, cum ille a. d. VIII Idus Decembr. vesperi -venisset, Balbus de tota re constituisset a. d. VII -ad Scipionem ante lucem venire, multa de nocte eum -profectum esse ad Caesarem. Hoc illi τεκμηριῶδες -videbatur esse alienationis. Quid multa? nihil me -aliud consolatur, nisi quod illum, cui etiam inimici -alterum consulatum, fortuna summam potentiam dederit, -non arbitror fore tam amentem, ut haec in discrimen -adducat. Quodsi ruere coeperit, ne ego multa -timeo; quae non audeo scribere. Sed, ut nunc est, -a. d. <span class="smcap">III</span> Nonas Ian. ad urbem cogito.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>V<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -XV -K. Ian., ut -videtur, a. -704</em></div> - -<p>Multas uno tempore accepi epistulas tuas; quae -mihi, quamquam recentiora audiebam ex iis, qui ad -me veniebant, tamen erant iucundae; studium enim -et benevolentiam declarabant. Valetudine tua moveor -et Piliam in idem genus morbi delapsam curam tibi</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span></p> - -<p>my arrival, encouraged me about my triumph, promised -to do his part, warned me not to enter the House till -my business was finished, for fear I should make an -enemy of some tribune by the opinions I expressed. -In short, promises could go no further. As to the -political situation, he hinted certain war, without -hope of agreement. It appeared that, though he had -long understood there was a split between himself and -Caesar, he had had very recent proof of it. Hirtius, -a very intimate friend of Caesar's, had come and -had not called on Pompey. Besides Hirtius had -arrived on the evening of the 6th of December and -Balbus had arranged a meeting with Pompey's father-in-law -before daybreak on the 7th to discuss affairs, -when, lo, late on the night before, Hirtius set out to go -to Caesar. This seemed to Pompey proof positive of -a split. In a word I have no consolation except the -thought, that, when even his enemies have renewed -his term of office and fortune has bestowed on him -supreme power, Caesar will not be so mad as to jeopardize -these advantages. If he begins to run amuck, -my fears are more than I can commit to paper. As -things are, I meditate a visit to town on the 3rd of -January.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>V<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae -Dec. 16</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>50</em></div> - -<p>A number of your letters have reached me at the -same time: and, although visitors bring me later news, -they are delightful, as they show your affection and -good will. I am concerned about your illness, and I -suppose Pilia's attack of the same complaint will increase</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p> - -<p>adferre maiorem sentio. Date igitur operam, ut valeatis. -De Tirone video tibi curae esse. Quem quidem -ego, etsi mirabilis utilitates mihi praebet, cum -valet, in onmi genere vel negotiorum vel studiorum -meorum, tamen propter humanitatem et modestiam -malo salvum quam propter usum meum. Philogenes -mecum nihil umquam de Luscenio locatus est; de -ceteris rebus habes Dionysium. Sororem tuam non -venisse in Arcanum miror. De Chrysippo meum consilium -probari tibi non moleste fero. Ego in Tusculanum -nihil sane hoc tempore; devium est τοῖς ἀπαντῶσιν -et habet alia δύσχρεστα. Sed de Formiano -Tarracinam pridie Kal. Ian. Inde Pomptinam summam, -inde in Albanum Pompei. Ita ad urbem <span class="smcap">III</span> -Nonas natali meo.</p> - -<p>De re publica cotidie magis timeo. Non enim -boni, ut putant, consentiunt. Quos ego equites Romanos, -quos senatores vidi, qui acerrime cum cetera -tum hoc iter Pompei vituperarent! Pace opus est. -Ex victoria cum multa mala tum certe tyrannus exsistet. -Sed haec prope diem coram. Iam plane mihi -deest, quod ad te scribam; nec enim de re publica, -quod uterque nostrum scit eadem, et domestica nota -sunt ambobus.</p> - -<p>Reliquum est iocari, si hic sinat. Nam ego is sum, -qui illi concedi putem utilius esse, quod postulat, -quam signa conferri. Sero enim resistimus ei, quem -per annos decem aluimus contra nos. "Quid sentis -igitur?" inquis. Nihil scilicet nisi de sententia tua -nec prius quidem, quam nostrum negotium aut confecerimus</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span></p> - -<p>your trouble. Both of you do your best to get -well. As for Tiro I see you are attending to him. -Though when in health, he is marvellously useful to -me in every department of business and literature, it -is not a selfish motive, but his own charming character -and modest bearing that prompts my hope for his -recovery. Philogenes has never said anything to me -about Luscenius. As for other matters Dionysius is -with you. I am astonished your sister has not come -to Arcanum. I am glad you approve my plan about -Chrysippus. I shall not go to Tusculum at such a -time as this, not I. It is out of the way for chance -<em>rencontres</em> and has other drawbacks. But from Formiae -I go to Tarracina on the last of December. Thence -to the upper end of the Pomptine marsh: thence to -Pompey's Alban villa: and so to Rome on the 3rd, -my birthday.</p> - -<p>The political crisis is causing me greater fear every -day. The loyalists are not, as is imagined, in agreement. -I have met numbers of Roman knights, and -numbers of Members, ready to inveigh bitterly against -everything and especially this journey of Pompey's. -Peace is our want. Victory will bring many evils, and -without doubt a tyrant. But this we shall soon discuss -together. I have no news at all now: each of us -knows as much as the other about political affairs, -and domestic details are for us common knowledge.</p> - -<p>All one can do is to jest—if <em>he</em> will allow it. -For I am one who thinks it better to agree to his -demands than to enter upon war. It is late to resist -him, when for ten years we have nurtured this viper in -our bosom. Then you ask my view. It is the same as -yours; and I shall express none till my own affairs</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p> - -<p>aut deposuerimus. Cura igitur, ut valeas. -Aliquando ἀπότριψαι quartanam istam diligentia, quae -in te summa est.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -XIV -K. Ian., ut -videtur, a. -704</em></div> - -<p>Plane deest, quod ad te scribam; nota omnia tibi -sunt; nee ipse habeo, a te quod exspectem. Tantum -igitur nostrum illud sollemne servemus, ut ne quem -istuc euntem sine litteris dimittamus. De re publica -valde timeo, nec adhuc fere inveni, qui non concedendum -putaret Caesari, quod postularet, potius quam -depugnandum. Est illa quidem impudens postulatio, -opinione valentior. Cur autem nunc primum ei resistamus?</p> - -<p class="center">Οὐ γὰρ δὴ τόδε μεῖζον ἔπι κακόν -</p> - -<p>quam cum quinquennium prorogabamus, aut cum, ut -absentis ratio haberetur, ferebamus, nisi forte haec -illi tum arma dedimus, ut nunc cum bene parato -pugnaremus. Dices: "Quid tu igitur sensurus es?" -Non idem quod dicturus; sentiam enim omnia facienda, -ne armis decertetur, dicam idem quod Pompeius neque -id faciam humili animo. Sed rursus hoc permagnum -rei publicae malum est, et quodam modo mihi praeter -ceteros non rectum me in tantis rebus a Pompeio -dissidere.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></p> - -<p>are concluded or abandoned. So be sure to get well. -Apply some of your wonderful capacity for taking -pains to shaking off the fever.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Dec. 17</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>50</em></div> - -<p>I have positively no news: all mine is known to you; -and there is none that I can look for from you. Only -let me preserve my old ceremony of letting no -visitor go to you without a letter. My fears as to the -political situation are great. And so far I have -found hardly a man who would not yield to Caesar's -demand sooner than fight. That demand, it is true, -is shameless, but stronger than we thought. But -why should we choose this occasion to begin resisting?</p> - -<div class="sidenote-english">Odyssey xii, 209</div> - -<p class="center">"No greater evil threatens now" -</p> - -<p>than when we prolonged his office for another five -years; or when we agreed to let him stand as a candidate -in his absence. But perhaps we were then giving -him these weapons to turn against us now. You will -say; "What then will your view be?" My view will -not be what I shall say; for my view will be that -every step should be taken to avoid a conflict; but I -shall say the same as Pompey, nor shall I be actuated -by subserviency. But again it is a very great calamity -to the state, and in a way improper to me beyond -others to differ from Pompey in matters of such -importance.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -inter -XIII et X -K. Ian. a. -704</em></div> - -<p>"Dionysius, vir optumus, ut mihi quoque est perspectus, -et doctissumus tuique amantissumus, Romam -venit <span class="smcap">XV</span> Kalend. Ian. et litteras a te mihi reddidit." -Tot enim verba sunt de Dionysio in epistula tua, illud -putato non adscribis, "et tibi gratias egit." Atqui -certe ille agere debuit, et, si esset factum, quae tua -est humanitas, adscripsisses. Mihi autem nulla de eo -παλινωδία datur propter superioris epistulae testimonium. -Sit igitur sane bonus vir. Hoc enim ipsum -bene fecit, quod mihi sui cognoscendi penitus -etiam istam facultatem dedit. Philogenes recte ad te -scripsit; curavit enim, quod debuit. Eum ego uti ea -pecunia volui, quoad liceret; itaque usus est menses -<span class="smcap">XIIII</span>. Pomptinum cupio valere, et, quod scribis in -urbem introisse, vereor, quid sit; nam id nisi gravi -de causa non fecisset. Ego, quoniam IIII Non. Ian. -compitalicius dies est, nolo eo die in Albanum venire, -ne molestus familiae veniam. III Non. Ian. igitur; -inde ad urbem pridie Nonas. Tua λῆψις quem in -diem incurrat, nescio, sed prorsus te commoveri -incommodo valetudinis tuae nolo.</p> - -<p>De honore nostro nisi quid occulte Caesar per suos -tribunos molitus erit, cetera videntur esse tranquilla; -tranquillissimus autem animus meus, qui totum istuc -aequi boni facit, et eo magis, quod iam a multis audio -constitutum esse Pompeio et eius concilio in Siciliam</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Dec. 18-21</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>50</em></div> - -<p>"Dionysius, an excellent fellow—as I too have -found him—a good scholar and your very stanch -friend, arrived in Rome on the 16th of December, and -gave me a letter from you." That's all you say about -Dionysius in your letter. You do not add "and he -expressed his gratitude to you." Yet certainly he -ought to have done so, and, if he had, you would have -added it with your usual good nature. I cannot -make a <em>volte face</em> about him, owing to the character -I gave him in the former letter. Let us call him -then an honest fellow. He has done me one kindness -at any rate in giving me this further chance -to know him thoroughly. Philogenes is correct in -what he wrote: he duly settled his debt. I wanted -him to use the money as long as he could; so he has -used it for 14 months. I hope Pomptinus is getting -well. You mention his entrance into town. I am -somewhat anxious as to what it means: he would not -have entered the city except for some good reason. -As the 2nd of January is a holiday, I don't wish to -reach Pompey's Alban villa on that date for fear I -should be a nuisance to his household. I shall go there -on the 3rd, and then visit the city on the 4th. I -forget on what day the fever will attack you again; -but I would not have you stir to the damage of your -health.</p> - -<p>As for my triumph, unless Caesar has been secretly -intriguing through his tribune partisans, all else seems -smooth and easy. My mind is absolutely at ease, and I -regard the whole business with indifference, especially -as many people tell me that Pompey and his advisers</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span></p> - -<p>me mittere, quod imperium habeam. Id est Ἀβδηριτικόν. -Nec enim senatus decrevit, nec populus iussit -me imperium in Sicilia habere. Sin hoc res publica -ad Pompeium refert, qui me magis quam privatum -aliquem mittat? Itaque, si hoc imperium mihi molestum -erit, utar ea porta, quam primam videro. Nam, -quod scribis mirificam exspectationem esse mei neque -tamen quemquam bonorum aut satis bonorum dubitare, -quid facturus sim, ego, quos tu bonos esse dicas, -non intellego. Ipse nullos novi, sed ita, si ordines -bonorum quaerimus; nam singulares sunt boni viri. -Verum in dissensionibus ordines bonorum et genera -quaerenda sunt. Senatum bonum putas, per quem -sine imperio provinciae sunt (numquam enim Curio -sustinuisset, si cum eo agi coeptum esset; quam sententiam -senatus sequi noluit; ex quo factum est, ut -Caesari non succederetur), an publicanos, qui numquam -firmi, sed nunc Caesari sunt amicissimi, an faeneratores -an agricolas, quibus optatissimum est -otium? nisi eos timere putas, ne sub regno sint, qui -id numquam, dum modo otiosi essent, recusarunt. -Quid ergo? exercitum retinentis, cum legis dies transierit, -rationem haberi placet? Mihi vero ne absentis -quidem; sed, cum id datum est, illud una datum est. -Annorum enim decem imperium et ita latum placet? -Placet igitur etiam me expulsum et agrum Campanum</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p> - -<p>have determined to send me to Sicily, because I still -have military powers. That is a muddle-headed plan.<a name="FNanchor_30_30" id="FNanchor_30_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_30_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a> -For neither has the House decreed, nor the people -authorized me to have military power in Sicily. If -the state delegates the appointment to Pompey, why -should he send me rather than any unofficial person? -So, if this military power is going to be a nuisance, I -shall get rid of it by entering the first city gate I see. -As for your news that there is a wonderful interest in -my arrival and that none of the "right or right enough -party" doubt as to my future action, I don't understand -your phrase "the right party." I don't know -of such a party, that is if we look for a class; of course -there are individuals. But in political splits it is -classes and parties we want. Do you think the -Senate is "right," when it has left our provinces -without military rule? For Curio could never have -held out, if there had been negotiations with him—a -proposal rejected by the House, which left -Caesar without a successor. Is it the tax-collectors, -who have never been loyal and are now very friendly -with Caesar? Or is it the financiers or the farmers, -whose chief desire is peace? Do you suppose they -will fear a king, when they never declined one so -long as they were left in peace? Well then, do I -approve of the candidature of a man who keeps his -army beyond the legal term? No, not even of his candidature -in absence. But when the one privilege was -granted, the other went with it. Do I then approve -of the extension of his military power for ten years, -and that carried as it was carried? Then I should -have to approve of my own banishment, the throwing -away of the Campanian land on the people, the adoption</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_30_30" id="Footnote_30_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30_30"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> Abdera was the classical Gotham.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p> - -<p>perisse et adoptatum patricium a plebeio, Gaditanum -a Mytilenaeo, et Labieni divitiae et Mamurrae placent -et Balbi horti et Tusculanum. Sed horum omnium -fons unus est. Imbecillo resistendum fuit, et id erat -facile; nunc legiones <span class="smcap">XI</span>, equitatus tantus, quantum -volet, Transpadani, plebes urbana, tot tribuni pl., tam -perdita iuventus, tanta auctoritate dux, tanta audacia. -Cum hoc aut depugnandum est aut habenda e lege -ratio. "Depugna," inquis, "potius quam servias." -Ut quid? si victus eris, proscribare, si viceris, tamen -servias? "Quid ergo," inquis, "facturus es?" Idem -quod pecudes, quae dispulsae sui generis sequuntur -greges. Ut bos armenta sic ego bonos viros aut eos, -quicumque dicentur boni, sequar, etiamsi ruent. Quid -sit optimum male contractis rebus, plane video. -Nemini est enim exploratum, cum ad arma ventum -sit, quid futurum sit, at illud omnibus, si boni victi -sint, nec in caede principum clementiorem hunc fore -quam Cinna fuerit, nec moderatiorem quam Sulla in -pecuniis locupletum. Συμπολιτεύομαί σοι iam dudum -et facerem diutius, nisi me lucerna desereret. Ad -summam "<span class="smcap">Dic, M. Tvlli</span>." Adsentior Cn. Pompeio, -id est T. Pomponio.</p> - -<p>Alexim, humanissimum puerum, nisi forte dum ego -absum, adulescens factus est (id enim agere videbatur), -salvere iubeas velim.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span></p> - -<p>of a patrician by a plebeian, of that gentleman -of Gades by the man of Mytilene.<a name="FNanchor_31_31" id="FNanchor_31_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_31_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</a> And I should -have to approve of the wealth of Labienus and Mamurra -and the gardens and Tusculan estate of Balbus. -But the source of all these evils is one. We ought -to have resisted him when he was weak: that would -have been easy. Now there are eleven legions, cavalry -as much as he wants, the northern tribes across the -Po, the city riff-raff, all the tribunes of the people, -the young profligates, a leader of such influence and -daring. We must either fight him or allow his -candidature according to the law. "Fight," say you, -"rather than be slaves." The result will be proscription -if beaten and slavery even if one wins. -"What shall I do then?" What the cattle do, who -when scattered follow flocks of their own kind. -As an ox follows the herd, so shall I follow the -"right party," or whoever are said to be the "right -party," even if they rush to destruction. The best -course in our straits is clear to me. No one can -tell the issue of war: but every one can tell that, if -the right party are beaten, Caesar will not be more -merciful than Cinna in slaying the nobility, nor more -moderate than Sulla in robbing the rich. I have -discussed <em>la haute politique</em> long enough, and I would -do so longer, had not my lamp gone out. The end is -"Your vote, Marcus Tullius." I vote with Pompey, -that is with Titus Pomponius.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_31_31" id="Footnote_31_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31_31"><span class="label">[31]</span></a> Balbus of Gades was adopted by Theophanes of Mytilene, -who had himself received the citizenship from Pompey.</p></div> - -<p>Please remember me to Alexis, a very clever boy, -unless perhaps in my absence he has become a man, -as he threatened to do.</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -VI -aut V K. -Ian. a. 704</em></div> - -<p>Quid opus est de Dionysio tam valde adfirmare? -An mihi nutus tuus non faceret fidem? Suspicionem -autem eo mihi maiorem tua taciturnitas attulerat, -quod et tu soles conglutinare amicitias testimoniis -tuis, et illum aliter cum aliis de nobis locutum audiebam. -Sed prorsus ita esse, ut scribis, mihi persuades. -Itaque ego is in illum sum, quem tu me esse vis.</p> - -<p>Diem tuum ego quoque ex epistula quadam tua, -quam incipiente febricula scripseras, mihi notaveram -et animadverteram posse pro re nata te non incommode -ad me in Albanum venire III Nonas Ianuar. -Sed, amabo te, nihil incommodo valetudinis feceris. -Quid enim est tantum in uno aut altero die?</p> - -<p>Dolabellam video Liviae testamento cum duobus -coheredibus esse in triente, sed iuberi mutare nomen. -Est πολιτικὸν σκέμμα, rectumne sit nobili adulescenti -mutare nomen mulieris testamento. Sed id φιλοσοφώτερον -διευκρινήσομεν, cum sciemus, quantum quasi -sit in trientis triente.</p> - -<p>Quod putasti fore ut, antequam istuc venirem, -Pompeium viderem, factum est ita; nam VI Kal. ad -Lavernium me consecutus est. Una Formias venimus -et ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti -sumus. Quod quaeris, ecquae spes pacificationis sit, -quantum ex Pompei multo et accurato sermone perspexi, -ne voluntas quidem est. Sic enim existimat, -si ille vel dimisso exercitu consul factus sit, σύγχυσιν</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Dec. 25 or -26</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>50</em></div> - -<p>There was no need for you to give such strong -assurances about Dionysius. A hint from you would -have satisfied me. But your silence gave me all the -more reason for suspicion, because you are used to -cement friendships with good-natured assurances, -and because I heard that he used different language -about us to others. However, your letter convinces -me. So I behave to him exactly as you wish.</p> - -<p>Your bad day too I had noted from a letter you -wrote at the beginning of your feverishness, and I -had calculated that under the circumstances you -could conveniently meet me at the Alban villa on the -3rd of January. But please do nothing to affect your -health. A day or two will make no difference.</p> - -<p>Dolabella, I see, by Livia's will shares a third of -her estate with two others, but is asked to change -his name. It is a social problem whether it is proper -for a young noble to change his name under a lady's -will. But we can determine that on more scientific -grounds, when we know to how much a third of a -third amounts.</p> - -<div class="sidenote-english">Iliad xviii, 309</div> - -<p>Your guess that I should meet Pompey before -coming to Rome has come true. On the 25th he -overtook me near the Lavernium. We reached Formiae -together, and were closeted together from two -o'clock till evening. For your query as to the chance -of a peaceful settlement, so far as I could tell from -Pompey's full and detailed discourse, he does not even -want peace. Pompey thinks that the constitution will -be subverted even if Caesar is elected consul without</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span></p> - -<p>τῆς πολιτείας fore, atque etiam putat eum, cum -audierit contra se diligenter parari, consulatum hoc -anno neglecturum ac potius exercitum provinciamque -retenturum. Sin autem ille fureret, vehementer -hominem contemnebat et suis et rei publicae copiis -confidebat. Quid quaeris? etsi mihi crebro ξυνὸς -Ἐνυάλιος occurrebat, tamen levabar cura virum fortem -et peritum et plurimum auctoritate valentem -audiens πολιτικῶς de pacis simulatae periculis disserentem. -Habebamus autem in manibus Antoni contionem -habitam <span class="smcap">X</span> Kal. Ianuar., in qua erat accusatio -Pompei usque a toga pura, querela de damnatis, terror -armorum. In quibus ille "Quid censes," aiebat, "facturum -esse ipsum, si in possessionem rei publicae -venerit, cum haec quaestor eius infirmus et inops -audeat dicere?" Quid multa? non modo non expetere -pacem istam, sed etiam timere visus est. Ex illa -autem sententia ἰδέα<a name="FNanchor_32_32" id="FNanchor_32_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_32_32" class="fnanchor">[32]</a> relinquendae urbis movet hominem, -ut puto. Mihi autem illud molestissimum est, -quod solvendi sunt nummi Caesari et instrumentum -triumphi eo conferendum. Est enim ἄμορφον ἀντιπολιτευομένου -χρεωφειλέτην esse. Sed haec et multa -alia coram.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_32_32" id="Footnote_32_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_32_32"><span class="label">[32]</span></a> ἰδέα <em>Schmidt</em>: î <em>M</em>; ita, viv, nif, infra <em>other MSS.</em></p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IX<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Formiano V -aut IV K. -Ian. a. 704</em></div> - -<p>"Cotidiene," inquis, "a te accipiendae litterae -sunt?" Si habebo, cui dem, cotidie. "At iam ipse -ades." Tum igitur, cum venero, desinam. Unas video</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span></p> - -<p>an army; and he fancies that when Caesar hears of the -energetic preparations against him, he will give up -the idea of the consulship this year, and prefer to -keep his army and his province. Still, if Caesar -should play the fool, Pompey has an utter contempt -for him, and firm confidence in his own and the -state's resources. Well, although the "uncertainty of -war" came constantly into my mind, I was relieved of -anxiety as I listened to a soldier, a strategist, and a -man of the greatest influence discoursing in a statesmanlike -way on the risks of a hollow peace. We had -before us a speech of Antony made on the 21st of -December, which attacked Pompey from boyhood, -complained about the condemnation of certain people -and threatened war. Pompey's comment was "What -do you suppose Caesar will do, if he becomes master -of the state, when a wretched, insignificant subordinate -dares to talk in this strain?" In a word, he -appeared not only not to seek peace, but even to -fear it. But I fancy the idea of leaving the city -shakes his resolution. What annoys me most is that -I have to pay up to Caesar, and devote to the purpose -what I should have used for my triumph. It is -bad form to owe money to a political opponent. -But this and many other topics can wait till we -meet.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IX<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Dec. 26 or -27</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>50</em></div> - -<p>You ask if you are going to get a letter from me -every day. Every day, if I can find a messenger. -True I am at hand myself. Well, I will stop writing</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p> - -<p>mihi a te non esse redditas, quas L. Quinctius, -familiaris meus, cum ferret, ad bustum Basili vulneratus -et despoliatus est. Videbis igitur, num quid -fuerit in iis, quod me scire opus sit, et simul hoc -διευκρινήσεις πρόβλημα sane πολιτικόν. Cum sit -necesse aut haberi Caesaris rationem illo exercitum -vel per senatum vel per tribunos pl. obtinente; aut -persuaderi Caesari, ut tradat provinciam atque exercitum -et ita consul fiat; aut, si id ei non persuadeatur, -haberi comitia sine illius ratione illo patiente atque -obtinente provinciam; aut, si per tribunos pl. non -patiatur et tamen quiescat, rem adduci ad interregnum; -aut, si ob eam causam, quod ratio eius non -habeatur, exercitum adducat, armis cum eo contendere, -illum autem initium facere armorum aut statim -nobis minus paratis, aut tum, cum comitiis amicis -eius postulantibus, ut e lege ratio habeatur, impetratum -non sit, ire autem ad arma aut hanc unam ob -causam, quod ratio non habeatur, aut addita causa, -si forte tribunus pl. senatum impediens aut populum -incitans notatus aut senatus consulto circumscriptus -aut sublatus aut expulsus sit dicensve se expulsum -ad illum confugerit, suscepto autem bello aut tenenda -sit urbs aut ea relicta ille commeatu et reliquis copiis -intercludendus—quod horum malorum, quorum aliquod -certe subeundum est, minimum putes. Dices -profecto persuaderi illi, ut tradat exercitum et ita -consul fiat. Est omnino id eius modi, ut, si ille eo -descendat, contra dici nihil possit, idque eum, si non -obtinet, ut ratio habeatur retinentis exercitum, non</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span></p> - -<p>when I arrive. I see I have missed one of your -letters: my friend L. Quinctius was wounded and -robbed near the tomb of Basilus, while he was bringing -it. So you must see if there was any news in it -I ought to have, and you shall solve me this inevitable -problem of politics to boot. It may be necessary for -us to admit Caesar as a candidate while he keeps his -army, be it by the favour of the House or the tribunes. -Or we may have to persuade him to take -office on condition of giving up his province and his -troops. Or, if he will not yield to persuasion on that -point, we may refuse to admit him as a candidate at -the election, and he may endure the treatment and -keep his province. Or, if he employs the tribunes -to interfere, yet keeps the peace, a political deadlock -may be brought about. Or, if he uses force, because -we reject him as a candidate, we may have to fight -and he may begin at once before we are ready, -or when his friends fail to get his candidature -allowed at the elections in accordance with his -legal privilege. He may resort to arms solely on -account of his rejection as a candidate, or for a -further reason, if a tribune through using obstructionist -tactics or an appeal to popular feeling incur -a censure or a limitation of power or suspension or -expulsion from office, or if some tribune fly to him -with a tale of expulsion. War begun, we must either -hold the city or abandon it and cut him off from -food and supplies. Of these evils some one must be -borne: consider which in your opinion is the lightest. -Of course you will say, "Induce him to give up his -army and so take the consulship." True there can be no -objection to that, if he will condescend, and I wonder -he does not, if he cannot get his candidature supported</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span></p> - -<p>facere miror. Nobis autem, ut quidam putant, nihil -est timendum magis quam ille consul. "At sic malo," -inquies, "quam cum exercitu." Certe; sed istud -ipsum "sic" magnum malum putat aliquis, neque ei -remedium est ullum. "Cedendum est, si id volet." -Vide consulem illum iterum, quem vidisti consulatu -priore. "At tum imbecillus plus," inquis, "valuit -quam tota res publica." Quid nunc putas? et eo -consule Pompeio certum est esse in Hispania. O rem -miseram! si quidem id ipsum deterrimum est, quod -recusari non potest, et quod ille si faciat, iam iam a -bonis omnibus summam ineat gratiam. Tollamus -igitur hoc, quo illum posse adduci negant; de reliquis -quid est deterrimum? Concedere illi, quod, ut idem -dicit, impudentissime postulat. Nam quid impudentius? -Tenuisti provinciam per annos decem, non -tibi a senatu, sed a te ipso per vim et per factionem -datos; praeteriit tempus non legis, sed libidinis tuae, -fac tamen legis; ut succedatur, decernitur; impedis -et ais: "Habe meam rationem." Habe tu nostram. -Exercitum tu habeas diutius, quam populus iussit, -invito senatu? "Depugnes oportet, nisi concedis." -Cum bona quidem spe, ut ait idem, vel vincendi vel -in libertate moriendi. Iam, si pugnandum est, quo -tempore, in casu, quo consilio, in temporibus situm -est. Itaque te in ea quaestione non exerceo; ad ea, -quae dixi, adfer, si quid habes. Equidem dies noctesque -torqueor.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span></p> - -<p>while he keeps his army. But for us some -think that nothing could be worse than Caesar in -office. You may say, "Better so, than with an army." -Certainly: but Pompey thinks that very "so" fatal, -and there is no remedy for it. "We must submit to -Caesar's will." But imagine him in office again after -your experience of his former tenure. You will reflect -that, weak as he was, he was too strong for the constitution. -What about him now? And now, if Caesar -is consul, Pompey will remain in Spain. What a plight! -since the worst of all is the very alternative which -we cannot refuse him, and the one which, if he takes -it, will of itself win him the favour of the right party. -This course it is said he will not accept; let us put -it out of court. Which is the worst of the remaining -alternatives? To concede his impertinent demand, -as Pompey terms it? Impertinent it is indeed. You -have had a province for ten years, not allotted by the -Senate, but by yourself through force and insubordination. -This term, not a legal term, but a term -of your own will and pleasure—or say, this legal -term—comes to an end. The House passes a decree -for the appointment of a successor. You object and -cry, "Consider my candidature." Consider our case. -Are you to dare the House and keep your army -longer than the nation sanctions? "You must fight -or yield." Then as Pompey says, let us hope for -victory, or death with freedom. If we must fight, -the time depends on chance, the plan of campaign on -circumstances. So I do not trouble you on that -point. But make any suggestion you can on my -remarks. Day and night I am tormented.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>X<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. ad -urbem XIV -sub noctem -aut XIII -ante lucem -K. Febr. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Subito consilium cepi, ut, antequam luceret, exirem, -ne qui conspectus fieret aut sermo, lictoribus -praesertim laureatis. De reliquo neque hercule quid -agam neque quid acturus sim, scio; ita sum perturbatus -temeritate nostri amentissimi consilii. Tibi vero -quid suadeam, cuius ipse consilium exspecto? Gnaeus -noster quid consilii ceperit capiatve, nescio, adhuc in -oppidis coartatus et stupens. Omnes, si in Italia -consistat, erimus una; sin cedet, consilii res est. -Adhuc certe, nisi ego insanio, stulte omnia et incaute. -Tu, quaeso, crebro ad me scribe, vel quod in buccam -venerit.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Campania -inter XIV et IX -K. Febr. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Quaeso, quid est hoc? aut quid agitur? Mihi enim -tenebrae sunt. "Cingulum," inquit, "nos tenemus, -Anconem amisimus; Labienus discessit a Caesare." -Utrum de imperatore populi Romani an de Hannibale -loquimur? O hominem amentem et miserum, qui -ne umbram quidem umquam τοῦ καλοῦ viderit! -Atque haec ait omnia facere se dignitatis causa. -Ubi est autem dignitas nisi ubi honestas? Honestum -igitur habere exercitum nullo publico consilio, occupare -urbes civium, quo facilior sit aditus ad patriam, -χρεῶν ἀποκοπάς, φυγάδων καθόδους, sescenta alia scelera -moliri,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>X<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Near Rome, -Jan. 17 or -18</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I have suddenly determined to leave town before -daybreak, so that I may escape sightseers and gossips, -especially with my bay-decked lictors. For the rest, -what to do now or later, upon my word, I do not -know: I am so upset by our rash and lunatic policy. -What advice can I offer you, when it is to you I look -for advice? I know not what plan Pompey has made -or is making: so far he is cooped up in the towns, -paralysed. If he makes his stand in Italy, we shall all -be together: if he retires, it will be a matter for debate. -So far certainly, unless I have lost my wits, -his policy has been rash and foolish. Please write to -me often, just what comes into your head.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>In Campania, -Jan. 17-22</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> -<em>49</em></div> - -<p>What in the name of wonder is this? What is -happening? I am in the dark. People say, "Cingulum -is ours, Ancona is lost, Labienus has deserted from -Caesar." Are we talking of a Roman officer or of -Hannibal? Wretched madman never to have seen -the shadow even of right! Yet all this, he says, is -done to support his honour. Can there be honour -without honesty: and is it honest to retain an army -without sanction, to seize the cities of your country -that you may strike the better at her heart, to contrive -abolition of debts, the restoration of exiles, and -scores of other crimes,</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="center">τὴν θεῶν μεγίστην ὥστ' ἔχειν τυραννίδα——; -</p> - -<p>Sibi habeat suam fortunam! Unam mehercule tecum -apricationem in illo lucrativo tuo sole malim quam -omnia istius modi regna vel potius mori miliens quam -semel istius modi quicquam cogitare. "Quid, si tu -velis?" inquis. Age, quis est, cui velle non liceat? -Sed ego hoc ipsum "velle" miserius esse duco quam -in crucem tolli. Una res est ea miserior, adipisci, -quod ita volueris. Sed haec hactenus. Libenter -enim in his molestiis ἐνσχολάζω τόσον.<a name="FNanchor_33_33" id="FNanchor_33_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_33_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_33_33" id="Footnote_33_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> <span class="smcap">COCON</span> <em>MSS.</em>: τόσον <em>Tyrrell, Purser</em>; σοι <em>Vict.</em></p></div> - -<p>Redeamus ad nostrum. Per fortunas! quale tibi -consilium Pompei videtur? hoc quaero, quod urbem -reliquerit. Ego enim ἀπορῶ. Tum nihil absurdius. -Urbem tu relinquas? ergo idem, si Galli venirent? -"Non est," inquit, "in parietibus res publica." At in -aris et focis. "Fecit Themistocles." Fluctum enim -totius barbariae ferre urbs una non poterat. At idem -Pericles non fecit annum fere post quinquagesimum, -cum praeter moenia nihil teneret; nostri olim urbe -reliqua capta arcem tamen retinuerunt.</p> - -<p class="center">Οὕτο που τῶν πρόσθεν ἐπευθόμεθα κλέα ἀνδρῶν. -</p> - -<p>Rursus autem ex dolore municipali sermonibusque -eorum, quos convenio, videtur hoc consilium exitum -habiturum. Mira hominum querela est (nescio an<a name="FNanchor_34_34" id="FNanchor_34_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_34_34" class="fnanchor">[34]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_34_34" id="Footnote_34_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_34_34"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> an <em>added by Ernesti</em>.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="center">"To win God's greatest gift, a crown?" -</p> - -<div class="sidenote-english">Euripides, -<em>Phoenissae</em>, 516</div> - -<p>Well, let him keep his fortune. For my part, let me -bask one hour in your clime's free gift of<a name="FNanchor_35_35" id="FNanchor_35_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a> sunlight, -rather than win any kingdom of that sort. Better a -thousand times to die than once to meditate such -villainy. "Suppose you conceive a desire for it," -you say. Desire is free to anyone; but I would rather -be crucified than have such a desire. There is only -one worse fate, to obtain your desire. But enough -of this. It eases me to philosophize a trifle in our -present straits.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_35_35" id="Footnote_35_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_35_35"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> Or "precious." The meaning is very doubtful.</p></div> - -<p>To come back to Pompey. What, in heaven's -name, do you think of his plan? I mean his desertion -of Rome. I don't know what to make of it. -Besides nothing could be more ridiculous. Leave -the city? Would you then have done the same if -the Gauls were coming? He may object that the -state does not consist of lath and plaster. But it -does consist of hearths and altars. "Themistocles -abandoned Athens." Yes, because one city could not -stand the flood of all the barbarians of the East. But -Pericles did not desert her about fifty years later, -though he held nothing but the walls. Once too our -ancestors lost the rest of Rome, but they kept the -citadel.</p> - -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">"Such were the deeds they did, men say,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">The heroes of an elder day."<br /></span> -</div></div> - -<div class="sidenote-english">Iliad ix, 529</div> - -<p>On the other hand to judge from the indignation in -the towns and the talk of my acquaintances, it looks -to me as if Pompey's flight would be a success. -Here there is an extraordinary outcry (whether in</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span></p> - -<p>istic, sed facies, ut sciam) sine magistratibus urbem -esse, sine senatu. Fugiens denique Pompeius mirabiliter -homines movet. Quid quaeris? alia causa -acta est. Nihil iam concedendum putant Caesari. -Haec tu mihi explica qualia sint.</p> - -<p>Ego negotio praesum non turbulento. Vult enim -me Pompeius esse, quem tota haec Campania et maritima -ora habeat ἐπίσκοπον, ad quem dilectus et -summa negotii referatur. Itaque vagus esse cogitabam. -Te puto iam videre, quae sit ὁρμὴ Caesaris, -qui populus, qui totius negotii status. Ea velim scribas -ad me, et quidem, quoniam mutabilia sunt, quam -saepissime. Acquiesco enim et scribens ad te et legens -tua.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Formiis -X K. Febr. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Unam adhuc a te epistulam acceperam datam XII -Kal., in qua significabatur aliam te ante dedisse, quam -non acceperam. Sed quaeso, ut scribas quam saepissime, -non modo si quid scies aut audieris, sed etiam -si quid suspicabere, maximeque quid nobis faciendum -aut non faciendum putes. Nam, quod rogas, curem, -ut scias, quid Pompeius agat, ne ipsum quidem scire -puto; nostrum quidem nemo. Vidi Lentulum consulem -Formiis X Kal., vidi Libonem; plena timoris et -erroris omnia. Ille iter Larinum; ibi enim cohortes -et Luceriae et Teani reliquaque in Apulia. Inde</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p> - -<p>Rome also, I do not know: please tell me) at the -city being left without magistrates and without the -House. In fact Pompey's flight has made a marvellous -stir. Men's attitude is really quite different: -they object to any concession to Caesar. Explain to -me what it all means.</p> - -<p>My task is peaceful. Pompey wishes me to act as -surveyor over the whole of the Campanian coast, to -superintend the levy and all important business. So -I expect to be a wanderer. I imagine you realize -Caesar's policy, the temper of the people and the -condition of affairs. Pray keep me informed, and, -since things are in a changeable condition, as often -as possible. It soothes me to write to you and read -your letters.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Jan. 21</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>So far I have received one letter from you dated -the 19th. In it you state that you sent me another; -but it has not reached me. I entreat you, write to me -as often as possible, not only what you shall know -or hear, but even anything you may suspect; -and especially give me your opinion as to what -I ought or ought not to do. As to your request for -information on Pompey's policy, I don't think he -knows himself; certainly none of us know. I saw -Lentulus the consul at Formiae on the 21st. I saw -Libo. Everywhere there is panic and confusion. -Pompey is on the road to Larinum; for there are -cohorts there and also at Luceria and Teanum and -in the rest of Apulia. No one knows whether he</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span></p> - -<p>utrum consistere uspiam velit an mare transire, -nescitur. Si manet, vereor, ne exercitam firmum -habere non possit; sin discedit, quo aut qua, aut quid -nobis agendum sit, nescio. Nam istum quidem, -cuius φαλαρισμὸν times, omnia taeterrime facturum -puto. Nec eum rerum prolatio nec senatus magistratuumque -discessus nec aerarium clausum tardabit. -Sed haec, ut scribis, cito sciemus.</p> - -<p>Interim velim mihi ignoscas quod ad te scribo tam -multa totiens. Acquiesco enim, et tuas volo elicere -litteras, maximeque consilium, quid agam aut quo me -pacto geram. Demittamne me penitus in causam? -Non deterreor periculo, sed dirumpor dolore, Tamne -nullo consilio aut tam contra meum consilium gesta -esse omnia! An cuncter et tergiverser, et eis me -dem, qui tenent, qui potiuntur? Αἰδέομαι Τρῶας -nec solum civis, sed etiam amici officio revocor; etsi -frangor saepe misericordia puerorum. Ut igitur ita -perturbato, etsi te eadem sollicitant, scribe aliquid, -et maxime, si Pompeius Italia cedit, quid nobis -agendum putes. M'. quidem Lepidus (nam fuimus -una) eum finem statuit, L. Torquatus eundem. Me -cum multa tum etiam lictores impediunt. Nihil vidi -umquam, quod minus explicari posset. Itaque a te -nihildum certi exquiro, sed quid videatur. Denique -ipsam ἀπορίαν tuam cupio cognoscere. Labienum ab -illo discessisse prope modum constat. Si ita factum -esset, ut ille Romam veniens magistratus et senatum</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p> - -<p>will make a stand anywhere or cross the sea. If he -remains in Italy, I fear it is impossible for him to -have a reliable army. If he leaves Italy, where he -will go or stay, and what we are to do I don't know. -For I imagine that Caesar, whom you fear may be a -Phalaris, will stick at no abominations. He will not -be deterred by adjournment of public business, the -departure of members and magistrates and the closure -of the treasury. But, as you say, we shall know -soon.</p> - -<p>Meanwhile forgive me for writing so much and so -often; it soothes me, and I wish to extract letters -from you, and especially advice as to where to go -and what to do. Shall I give myself up heart and -soul to the good cause? I am not terrified by the -danger, but tortured by the anguish. To think that -everything has been done with such a lack of plan, -or so contrary to my plan! Or shall I hesitate and -play the turncoat, and join the party that holds the -field? "I fear the Trojans," and I am held back not -only by my duty as a citizen, but by my duty as a -friend; though I am often shaken by pity for the -boys. So write a line to me in my distress, although -you have the same worries; and especially as to -what you think I should do, if Pompey leaves Italy. -I have met M'. Lepidus and he draws the line there; -so does L. Torquatus. There are many obstacles -before me, including my lictors. I have never seen -such an intricate tangle. So I do not look to you -for positive advice: but only for your opinion. In -fact I want to know how the dilemma presents itself -to you. It is practically certain that Labienus has -left Caesar. If it could have been arranged that he -could meet magistrates and Senate on his arrival at</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p> - -<p>Romae offenderet, magno usui causae nostrae fuisset. -Damnasse enim sceleris hominem amicum rei publicae -causa videretur, quod nunc quoque videtur, sed -minus prodest. Non enim habet, cui prosit, eumque -arbitror paenitere, nisi forte id ipsum est falsum, -discessisse illum. Nos quidem pro certo habebamus.</p> - -<p>Et velim, quamquam, ut scribis, domesticis te finibus -tenes, formam mihi urbis exponas, ecquod -Pompei desiderium, ecquae Caesaris invidia appareat, -etiam quid censeas de Terentia et Tullia, Romae eas -esse an mecum an aliquo tuto loco. Haec et si quid -aliud ad me scribas velim vel potius scriptites.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Menturnis -IX K. -Febr. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>De Vennonianis rebus tibi assentior. Labienum -ἥρωα iudico. Facinus iam diu nullum civile praeclarius, -qui, ut aliud nihil, hoc tamen profecit, dedit -illi dolorem. Sed etiam ad summam profectum aliquid -puto. Amo etiam Pisonem. Cuius iudicium -de genero suspicor visum iri grave. Quamquam, -genus belli quod sit, vides. Ita civile est, ut non ex -civium dissensione, sed ex unius perditi civis audacia -natum sit. Is autem valet exercitu, tenet multos spe -et promissis, omnia omnium concupivit. Huic tradita -urbs est nuda praesidio, referta copiis. Quid est,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span></p> - -<p>Rome, he would have been of great service to our -cause. Loyalty it would have appeared had made -him regard his friend a traitor: it appears so as it is, -but it is of less use. For there is no cause to serve, -and I imagine that he is sorry at leaving Caesar, -unless perhaps the report is false. Myself I think -it true.</p> - -<p>And please give me a sketch of city affairs, though -according to your account you keep to your house. -Is Pompey missed? Does Caesar seem disliked? -What do you think about Terentia and Tullia? -Should they remain in Rome, or join me, or seek -some refuge? On these and any other topics pray -write to me, I mean write often.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Menturnae, -Jan. 22</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>In the matter of Vennonius I agree with you. -Labienus I consider a hero. There has been no -public action of such distinction for a long time. If -he has done nothing else, he has at least hurt Caesar's -feelings. But I think he has served our main -interests as well. I am delighted too with Piso. His -judgement on his son-in-law<a name="FNanchor_36_36" id="FNanchor_36_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_36_36" class="fnanchor">[36]</a> should carry weight. -However, you see the nature of our struggle. It is -civil war, though it has not sprung from division -among our citizens, but from daring of one abandoned -citizen. He is strong in military forces, he -attracts adherents by hopes and promises, he covets -the whole universe. Rome is delivered to him -stripped of defenders, stocked with supplies: one may</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_36_36" id="Footnote_36_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_36_36"><span class="label">[36]</span></a> Caesar.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span></p> - -<p>quod ab eo non metuas, qui illa templa et tecta non -patriam, sed praedam putet? Quid autem sit acturus -aut quo modo, nescio, sine senatu, sine magistratibus. -Ne simulare quidem poterit quicquam πολιτικῶς. -Nos autem ubi exsurgere poterimus aut quando? -Quorum dux quam ἀστρατήγητος, tu quoque animadvertis, -cui ne Picena quidem nota fuerint; quam -autem sine consilio, res testis. Ut enim alia omittam -decem annorum peccata, quae condicio non huic fugae -praestitit? Nec vero, nunc quid cogitet, scio ac non -desino per litteras sciscitari. Nihil esse timidius -constat, nihil perturbatius. Itaque nec praesidium, -cuius parandi causa ad urbem retentus est, nec locum -ac sedem praesidii ullam video. Spes omnis in duabus -insidiose retentis paene alienis legionibus. Nam -dilectus adhuc quidem invitorum est et a pugnando -abhorrentium. Condicionum autem amissum tempus -est. Quid futurum sit, non video; commissum quidem -a nobis certe est sive a nostro duce, ut e portu sine -gubernaculis egressi tempestati nos traderemus.</p> - -<p>Itaque de Ciceronibus nostris dubito quid agam; -nam mihi interdum amandandi videntur in Graeciam; -de Tullia autem et Terentia, cum mihi barbarorum -adventus ad urbem proponitur, omnia timeo; cum -autem Dolabellae venit in mentem, paulum respiro. -Sed velim consideres, quid faciendum putes primum -πρὸς τὸ ἀσφαλές (aliter enim mihi de illis ac de me -ipso consulendum est), deinde ad opiniones, ne reprehendamur, -quod eas Romae velimus esse in communi -bonorum fuga. Quin etiam tibi et Peducaeo (scripsit -enim ad me), quid faciatis, videndum est. Is enim</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span></p> - -<p>fear anything from a man who regards her temples -and her homes not as his native land, but as his -loot. What he will do, and how he will do it, in the -absence of House and magistrates, I do not know. -He will be unable even to pretend constitutional -methods. But where can our party raise its head -or when? You, too, remark how poor a soldier our -leader is; why, he did not even know how things -were in Picenum; and the crisis shows his lack of -policy. Pass over other faults of the last ten years. -What compromise were not better than this flight? -I do not know what he is thinking of doing -now, though I inquire by constant letters. It is -agreed that his alarm and confusion has reached -the limit. He was kept in Italy to garrison Rome, -but no garrison or place to post a garrison can I -see. We depend entirely on two legions that were -kept here by a trick, and are practically disloyal. -For so far the levy has found unwilling recruits, afraid -of war. But the time of compromise is passed. The -future is obscure. We, or our leader, have brought -things to such a pass, that having put to sea without -a rudder, we must trust to the mercy of the storm.</p> - -<p>So I hesitate what to do with the boys. Sometimes -I think of sending them to Greece. As for Tullia -and Terentia, when I picture the approach of the -barbarians on Rome, I am terrified. But the thought -of Dolabella is some small relief to my mind. Please -consider my best course, in the first place with an -eye to safety, for their safety stands on a different -footing to mine, and then with regard to possible -criticism, if I leave them in Rome, when the loyal -are all in flight. Even you and Peducaeus must be -careful what you do, as he writes to me. For your</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span></p> - -<p>splendor est vestrum, ut eadem postulentur a vobis -quae ab amplissimis civibus. Sed de hoc tu videbis, -quippe cum de me ipso ac de meis te considerare -velim.</p> - -<p>Reliquum est, ut, et quid agatur, quoad poteris, -explores scribasque ad me, et quid ipse coniectura -assequare, quod etiam a te magis exspecto. Nam -acta omnibus nuntiantibus, a te exspecto futura. -Μάντις δ' ἄριστος—. Loquacitati ignosces, quae et -me levat ad te quidem scribentem et elicit tuas litteras. -Aenigma Oppiorum ex Velia plane non intellexi; -est enim numero Platonis obscurius.<a name="FNanchor_37_37" id="FNanchor_37_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_37_37" class="fnanchor">[37]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_37_37" id="Footnote_37_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37_37"><span class="label">[37]</span></a> Aenigma—obscurius, <em>transferred by O. E. Schmidt from -the beginning of XIIIa</em>.</p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIIIa<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Menturnis -VIII K. -Febr. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Iam intellexi tuum; Oppios enim de Velia saccones -dicis. In eo aestuavi diu. Quo aperto reliqua patebant -et cum Terentiae summa congruebant. L. -Caesarem vidi Menturnis a. d. <span class="smcap">VIII</span> Kal. Febr. mane -cum absurdissimis mandatis, non hominem, sed scopas -solutas, ut id ipsum mihi ille videatur irridendi causa -fecisse, qui tantis de rebus huic mandata dederit;</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span></p> - -<p>eminence is such that people will expect the same -from you as from the most distinguished citizens. -But you are capable of looking after yourself. Why, -it is to you that I look for advice about myself and -my family.</p> - -<p>For the rest, you must discover, as far as you can, -what is happening, and write to me. Add your conjectures, -too, for I look forward still more eagerly to -them. Anybody can inform me of what has happened. -From you I hope to hear what will happen. -"The prince of seers...."<a name="FNanchor_38_38" id="FNanchor_38_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_38_38" class="fnanchor">[38]</a> Pardon my chatter. It is -a relief to write to you, and it gets me a letter from -you. I am at a loss to explain your riddle about the -Oppii of Velia; it is darker than Plato's number.<a name="FNanchor_39_39" id="FNanchor_39_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_39_39" class="fnanchor">[39]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_38_38" id="Footnote_38_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38_38"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> The line—in full μάντις δ'ἄριστος ὅστις εἰκάζει καλῶς—is taken -from a lost tragedy of Euripides.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_39_39" id="Footnote_39_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_39_39"><span class="label">[39]</span></a> The "nuptial number" of the <em>Republic</em>, 545c foll.</p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIIIa<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Menturnae, -Jan 23</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I understand it now, you call those pursy Oppii the -bagmen of Velia.<a name="FNanchor_40_40" id="FNanchor_40_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_40_40" class="fnanchor">[40]</a> I was in doubt for a long time. But -the riddle solved, the rest became clear, and tallied -with Terentia's reckoning. I met L. Caesar at -Menturnae on the morning of the 23rd of January -with the most ridiculous commission. He is not a -man, but a broom untied. I imagine that Caesar -is mocking us by sending such a commissioner on so -important business; but perhaps the fellow has no</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_40_40" id="Footnote_40_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_40"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> The Oppii were bankers. If <em>saccones</em> is read, it must be -taken as a jocular reference to money-bags. Some, however, -read <em>succones</em> "blood-suckers," suggesting an obscure -play upon the words ὀπός (fig juice) and <em>sucus</em>.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span></p> - -<p>nisi forte non dedit, et hic sermone aliquo arrepto -pro mandatis abusus est.</p> - -<p>Labienus, vir mea sententia magnus, Teanum venit -a. d. <span class="smcap">VIIII</span> Kal. Ibi Pompeium consulesque convenit. -Qui sermo fuerit, et quid actum sit, scribam ad te, -cum certum sciam. Pompeius a Teano Larinum versus -profectus est a. d. VIII Kal. Eo die mansit Venafri. -Iam aliquantum animi videtur nobis attulisse -Labienus. Sed ego nondum habeo, quod ad te ex -his locis scribam; ista magis exspecto, quid illim -adferatur, quo pacto de Labieno ferat, quid agat -Domitius in Marsis, Iguvi Thermus, P. Attius Cinguli, -quae sit populi urbani voluntas, quae tua coniectura -de rebus futuris. Haec velim crebro, et quid tibi de -mulieribus nostris placeat, et quid acturus ipse sis, -scribas. Si scriberem ipse, longior epistula fuisset, -sed dictavi propter lippitudinem.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Calibus -a. d. VI K. -Febr. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>A. d. <span class="smcap">VI</span> Kal. Febr. Capuam Calibus proficiscens, -cum leviter lippirem, has litteras dedi. L. Caesar -mandata Caesaris detulit ad Pompeium a. d. <span class="smcap">VIII</span> Kal., -cum is esset cum consulibus Teani. Probata condicio -est, sed ita, ut ille de eis oppidis, quae extra suam -provinciam occupavisset, praesidia deduceret. Id si -fecisset, responsum est ad urbem nos redituros esse -et rem per senatum confecturos. Spero posse in -praesentia pacem nos habere; nam et illum furoris -et hunc nostrum copiarum suppaenitet. Me Pompeius</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p> - -<p>authority, and is palming off some chance conversation -as a commission.</p> - -<p>Labienus, my hero, arrived at Teanum on the -22nd, where he met Pompey and the consuls. As -soon as I have positive news, I will inform you of -what they have said and done. Pompey set out from -Teanum for Larinum on the 23rd. He spent that day -at Venafrum. At last Labienus has given us some encouragement, -but I have no news from this quarter. -Rather I expect news from you of Caesar's doings, -how he takes Labienus' desertion, what Domitius is -doing among the Marsi, Thermus at Iguvium, and P. -Attius at Cingulum, what is the city's feeling, and -what are your views as to the future. Please write -me often on these topics, and give me your opinion -about my women-folk and your own intentions. -Were I writing myself this letter would have been -longer, but I dictate it owing to inflammation of the -eyes.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cales, Jan. -25</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>On the 25th of January, setting out from Cales to -Capua, I write this letter, though still suffering from -slight inflammation of the eyes. L. Caesar brought -Caesar's ultimatum to Pompey on the 23rd, while Pompey -was at Teanum with the consuls. His conditions -were accepted with the reservation that he should -withdraw his garrison from the towns he has occupied -outside his own province. That done, they said, we -would return to Rome and settle business in the -House. I hope for the present we may have peace: -Caesar is rather sorry for his madness, and Pompey</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span></p> - -<p>Capuam venire voluit et adiuvare dilectum; -in quo parum prolixe respondent Campani coloni. -Gladiatores Caesaris, qui Capuae sunt, de quibus ante -ad te falsum ex A. Torquati litteris scripseram, sane -commode Pompeius distribuit binos singulis patribus -familiarum. Scutorum in ludo IↃↃ fuerunt. Eruptionem -facturi fuisse dicebantur. Sane multum in -eo rei publicae provisum est.</p> - -<p>De mulieribus nostris, in quibus est tua soror, quaeso -videas, ut satis honestum nobis sit eas Romae esse, -cum ceterae illa dignitate discesserint. Hoc scripsi -ad eas et ad te ipsum antea. Velim eas cohortere, -ut exeant, praesertim cum ea praedia in ora maritima -habeamus, cui ego praesum, ut in iis pro re nata non -incommode possint esse. Nam, si quid offendimus -in genero nostro—quod quidem ego praestare non -debeo—sed id fit maius, quod mulieres nostrae praeter -ceteras Romae remanserunt. Tu ipse cum Sexto scire -velim quid cogites de exeundo de totaque re quid -existimes. Equidem pacem hortari non desino; quae -vel iniusta utilior est quam iustissimum bellum cum -civibus. Sed haec, ut fors tulerit.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Capuae -V K. Febr. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Ut ab urbe discessi, nullum adhuc intermisi diem, -quin aliquid ad te litterarum darem, non quo haberem</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p> - -<p>is uneasy as to our forces. I am wanted at Capua to -assist the levy. The settlers in Campania are hanging -back. As for Caesar's professional fighting men -at Capua, about whom I misinformed you on the -authority of A. Torquatus, Pompey has very cleverly -distributed them two a-piece to heads of families. -There were 5,000 heavy armed gladiators in the -school. They were said to meditate a sortie. Pompey's -was a wise provision for the safety of the state.</p> - -<p>As for my women-folk, among whom is your sister, -I entreat you to consider the propriety of their stay -at Rome, when the other ladies of their rank have -departed. I wrote to them and to you on this point -previously. Please urge them to leave the city, -especially as I have those estates on the sea-coast, -which is under my care, so that they can live there -without much inconvenience, considering the state -of affairs. For, if I give offence by the conduct -of my son-in-law (though I am not his keeper), -the fact that my women-folk stay in Rome after -others have left makes matters worse. I should like -to know what you and Sextus think about leaving -town, and to have your opinion of matters in general. -As for me, I cease not to advocate peace. It may be -on unjust terms, but even so it is more expedient -than the justest of civil wars. However, I can but -leave it to fate.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Capua, Jan. -26</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Since I left Rome I have not yet let a day pass -without dropping you a line; not that I had any</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span></p> - -<p>magno opere, quod scriberem, sed ut loquerer -tecum absens; quo mihi, cum coram id non licet, -nihil est iucundius.</p> - -<p>Capuam cum venissem a. d. <span class="smcap">VI</span> Kal. pridie, quam has -litteras dedi, consules conveni multosque nostri ordinis. -Omnes cupiebant Caesarem abductis praesidiis stare -condicionibus iis, quas tulisset; uni Favonio leges ab -illo nobis imponi non placebat. Sed is haud auditus<a name="FNanchor_41_41" id="FNanchor_41_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_41_41" class="fnanchor">[41]</a> in -consilio. Cato enim ipse iam servire quam pugnare -mavult; sed tamen ait in senatu se adesse velle, cum de -condicionibus agatur, si Caesar adductus sit, ut praesidia -deducat. Ita, quod maxime opus est, in Siciliam ire -non curat; quod metuo ne obsit, in senatu esse vult. -Postumius autem, de quo nominatim senatus decrevit, -ut statim in Siciliam iret Furfanioque succederet, -negat se sine Catone iturum et suam in senatu operam -auctoritatemque quam magni aestimat. Ita res ad Fannium -pervenit. Is cum imperio in Siciliam praemittitur. -In disputationibus nostris summa varietas est. Plerique -negant Caesarem in condicione mansurum postulataque -haec ab eo interposita esse, quo minus, quod opus esset -ad bellum, a nobis pararetur. Ego autem eum puto facturum, -ut praesidia deducat. Vicerit enim, si consul -factus erit, et minore scelere vicerit, quam quo ingressus -est. Sed accipienda plaga est. Sumus enim flagitiose -imparati cum a militibus tum a pecunia; quam quidem -omnem non modo privatam, quae in urbe est, sed etiam -publicam, quae in aerario est, illi reliquimus. Pompeius -ad legiones Appianas<a name="FNanchor_42_42" id="FNanchor_42_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_42_42" class="fnanchor">[42]</a> est profectus; Labienum -secum habet. Ego tuas opiniones de his rebus exspecto. -Formias me continuo recipere cogitabam.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_41_41" id="Footnote_41_41"></a><a href="#FNanchor_41_41"><span class="label">[41]</span></a> haud auditus <em>Bosius</em>: auditus auditus <em>M</em>: a nullo auditus -<em>Müller</em>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_42_42" id="Footnote_42_42"></a><a href="#FNanchor_42_42"><span class="label">[42]</span></a> Appianas <em>Lipsius</em>: acianas <em>M</em><sup>1</sup>: actianas -<em>M</em><sup>2</sup>: Attianas <em>most editors</em>.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span></p> - -<p>particular news, but I wanted to talk with you in my -absence. When we cannot talk face to face, there is -nothing I like better.</p> - -<p>I reached Capua yesterday, the 25th, where I met -the consuls and many fellow-members. All hope -that Caesar will abide by his conditions, accepting -the withdrawal of his garrisons: only Favonius -objects to his dictating to us. But no one listened to -him. For even Cato now prefers slavery to war: but he -wants to be in the House when the terms are debated, -if Caesar can be induced to withdraw his garrisons. -So he does not care to do what would be most useful, -and go to Sicily: and he wants to be in the -House, where I fear he will cause trouble. The -Senate definitely decreed that Postumius should set -out for Sicily at once and succeed Furfanius. Postumius -replied he would not go without Cato; he has a -great idea of his own value and influence in the House. -So choice fell on Fannius; he is dispatched to Sicily -with military power. In our debates there is great -difference of opinion. Most declare that Caesar will -not stick to his compact, and that his demands were -only introduced to hinder our preparations for war. I -fancy, however, that he will withdraw his garrisons. -For he will win his point, if he is elected consul, and -win it with less scandal than by his first course. But -the blow must be borne. We are sinfully unready in -men and money: for we have left him not only our -private purses in the city, but the state funds in the -treasury. Pompey along with Labienus has set out -for Appius' legions. I want your views on this. I -think of returning to Formiae at once.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Calibus -III K. Febr. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Omnes arbitror mihi tuas litteras redditas esse, -sed primas praepostere, reliquas ordine, quo sunt missae -per Terentiam. De mandatis Caesaris adventuque -Labieni et responsis consulum ac Pompei scripsi ad -te litteris iis, quas a. d. <span class="smcap">V</span> Kal. Capua dedi, pluraque -praeterea in eandem epistulam conieci. Nunc has exspectationes -habemus duas, unam, quid Caesar acturus -sit, cum acceperit ea, quae referenda ad illum data -sunt L. Caesari, alteram, quid Pompeius agat. Qui -quidem ad me scribit paucis diebus se firmum exercitum -habiturum, spemque adfert, si in Picenum -agrum ipse venerit, nos Romam redituros esse. Labienum -secum habet non dubitantem de imbecillitate -Caesaris copiarum; cuius adventu Gnaeus noster -multo animi plus habet. Nos a consulibus Capuam -venire iussi sumus ad Nonas Febr.</p> - -<p>Capua profectus sum Formias a. d. <span class="smcap">III</span> Kal. Eo die -cum Calibus tuas litteras hora fere nona accepissem, -has statim dedi. De Terentia et Tullia tibi adsentior. -Ad quas scripseram, ad te ut referrent. Si nondum -profectae sunt, nihil est, quod se moveant, quoad -perspiciamus, quo loci sit res.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -IV -Non. Febr. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Tuae litterae mihi gratae iucundaeque sunt. De -pueris in Graeciam transportandis tum cogitabam,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cales, Jan. -28</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I think all your letters reached me, but the first -out of proper order, the others as they were dispatched -by Terentia. About Caesar's ultimatum, -the arrival of Labienus, and the reply of Pompey and -the consuls, I informed you in my letter of the 26th -of January from Capua, and I threw in a deal of -other information besides. Now we have two things -to wait for, first what Caesar will do on receipt of the -terms given to L. Caesar to convey to him, and -secondly what Pompey is doing now. Pompey indeed -writes to me that in a few days he will have a strong -force, and he encourages me to hope, that, if he -enters Picenum, we shall return to Rome. Labienus -accompanies him, confident in the weakness of -Caesar's forces. His arrival has much encouraged -Pompey. The consuls have ordered me to go to -Capua by the 5th of February.</p> - -<p>I set out from Capua for Formiae on the 28th of -January. On receipt of your letter at Cales on that -day about three o'clock I write this by return. As -for Terentia and Tullia I agree with you, and I have -written to them to consult you. If they have not yet -started, there is no reason for them to bestir themselves, -till we see how things are.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 2</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Your welcome letter I received with delight. I -thought of sending the boys to Greece when Pompey's</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span></p> - -<p>cum fuga ex Italia quaeri videbatur. Nos enim Hispaniam -peteremus; illis hoc aeque commodum non -erat. Tu ipse cum Sexto etiam nunc mihi videris -Romae recte esse posse; etenim minime amici Pompeio -nostro esse debetis. Nemo enim umquam tantum -de urbanis praediis detraxit. Videsne me etiam -iocari?</p> - -<p>Scire iam te oportet, L. Caesar quae response referat -a Pompeio, quas ab eodem ad Caesarem ferat -litteras. Scriptae enim et datae ita sunt, ut proponerentur -in publico. In quo accusavi mecum ipse -Pompeium, qui, cum scriptor luculentus esset, tantas -res atque eas, quae in omnium manus venturae essent, -Sestio nostro scribendas dederit. Itaque nihil umquam -legi scriptum σηστιωδέστερον. Perspici tamen -ex litteris Pompei potest nihil Caesari negari omniaque -ei cumulate, quae postulet, dari. Quae ille -amentissimus fuerit nisi acceperit, praesertim cum -impudentissime postulaverit. Quis enim tu es, qui -dicas: "Si in Hispaniam profectus erit, si praesidia -dimiserit"? Tamen conceditur minus honeste nunc -quidem violata iam ab illo re publica illatoque bello, -quam si olim de ratione habenda impetrasset. Et -tamen vereor, ut his ipsis contentus sit. Nam, cum -ista mandata dedisset L. Caesari, debuit esse paulo -quietior, dum responsa referrentur; dicitur autem -nunc esse acerrimus.</p> - -<p>Trebatius quidem scribit se ab illo <span class="smcap">VIIII</span> Kal. Febr.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span></p> - -<p>flight from Italy seemed likely. For I myself should -have gone to Spain, but it would not have been so -suitable for them. I fancy you and Sextus may well -stay in Rome even now; for you are not in the least -bound to be Pompey's friends: no one has ever -depreciated city property so much as Pompey. I -must have my joke still, you see.</p> - -<p>You should know already the reply that Pompey -is sending by Lucius Caesar, and the nature of his -letter to Caesar; for it was written and sent on -purpose to be published. Mentally I blamed Pompey -who, though a clear writer himself, gave Sestius the -task of drawing up documents of such importance, -which were to come into every one's hands. Accordingly -I have never seen anything more Sestian in its -style.<a name="FNanchor_43_43" id="FNanchor_43_43"></a><a href="#Footnote_43_43" class="fnanchor">[43]</a> Still it is plain from the letter that nothing -can be denied to Caesar, and that the whole bulk of -his demands are to be granted. He will be utterly -mad to reject the terms, particularly when his demands -are most impudent. Pray, who are you, Caesar, -to insist "Provided Pompey go to Spain, provided he -dismiss his garrisons"? Still the demand is being -granted, but it has cost us more loss of dignity now -that he has outraged the sanctity of the state and -waged war against it, than if he had obtained his -previous request to be admitted a candidate. And -yet I fear he may want more. For when he entrusted -his ultimatum to L. Caesar, he should have -kept a little quiet until he received a reply. But -he is said now to be more energetic than ever.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_43_43" id="Footnote_43_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_43_43"><span class="label">[43]</span></a> Cf. Catullus xliv for comments on Sestius' style. Sestius -was defended by Cicero in 56 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> with a speech which is -extant.</p></div> - -<p>Trebatius indeed writes to me that Caesar requested</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span></p> - -<p>rogatum esse, ut scriberet ad me, ut essem ad urbem, -nihil ei me gratius facere posse. Haec verbis plurimis. -Intellexi ex dierum ratione, ut primum de discessu -nostro Caesar audisset, laborare eum coepisse, -ne omnes abessemus. Itaque non dubito, quin ad -Pisonem, quin ad Servium scripserit; illud admiror, -non ipsum ad me scripsisse, non per Dolabellam, non -per Caelium egisse. Quamquam non aspernor Trebati -litteras; a quo me unice diligi scio. Rescripsi -ad Trebatium (nam ad ipsum Caesarem, qui mihi -nihil scripsisset, nolui), quam illud hoc tempore esset -difficile; me tamen in praediis meis esse neque dilectum -ullum neque negotium suscepisse. In quo -quidem manebo, dum spes pacis erit; sin bellum -geretur, non deero officio nec dignitati meae pueros -ὑπεκθέμενος in Graeciam. Totam enim Italiam flagraturam -bello intellego. Tantum mali est excitatum -partim ex improbis, partim ex invidis civibus. Sed -haec paucis diebus ex illius ad nostra responsa responsis -intellegentur quorsum evasura sint. Tum ad -te scribam plura, si erit bellum; sin otium aut<a name="FNanchor_44_44" id="FNanchor_44_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_44_44" class="fnanchor">[44]</a> etiam -indutiae, te ipsum, ut spero, videbo.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_44_44" id="Footnote_44_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44_44"><span class="label">[44]</span></a> otium aut <em>Tyrrell and Purser</em>: autem <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -<p>Ego <span class="smcap">IIII</span> Nonas Febr., quo die has litteras dedi, in -Formiano, quo Capua redieram, mulieres exspectabam. -Quibus quidem scripseram tuis litteris admonitus, ut -Romae manerent. Sed audio maiorem quendam in -urbe timorem esse. Capuae Nonis Febr. esse volebam, -quia consules iusserant. Quicquid huc erit a -Pompeio allatum, statim ad te scribam tuasque de -istis rebus litteras exspectabo.</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span></p> - -<p>him on the 22nd of January to write and beg -me to remain near the city; that would win me his -best thanks. All this at great length. I calculated -from the date, that as soon as he heard of my departure -Caesar began to be concerned lest we should all -go from town. So I have no doubt he wrote to Piso -and to Servius. One thing surprises me that he did -not write to me himself, or approach me through -Dolabella or Caelius. However, I am not offended -at a letter from Trebatius, who is my particular wellwisher. -I would not reply to Caesar himself, as he -had not written to me; but I wrote to Trebatius how -difficult such a course would be at this juncture, but -that I was staying on my country estates, and had not -undertaken any part in the levy or any business. To -this I will stand so long as there is any prospect of -peace; but, if it comes to war, I shall act as becomes -my duty and rank, after stowing away my boys to -Greece. For all Italy, I gather, will blaze with war. -Such a catastrophe is caused partly by disloyalty, -partly by jealousy amongst her citizens. The outcome -will be known in a few days from Caesar's -answer to our letter. Then, if it be war, I will write -again: if it be peace or a respite, I shall hope to -see you.</p> - -<p>On the 2nd of February, the date of this letter, I -await my women-folk in my place at Formiae, whence -I have returned from Capua. I wrote to them on your -advice to stay in Rome. But I hear that panic has -rather increased there. I want to be at Capua on -the 5th of February, as the consuls have ordered. -Any news we get here from Pompey I will let you -know at once, and I shall look to letters from you -for news from the city.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVIII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -III -Non. Febr. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p><span class="smcap">IIII</span> Non. Febr. mulieres nostrae Formias venerunt -tuaque erga se officia plena tui suavissimi studii ad -me pertulerunt. Eas ego, quoad sciremus, utrum -turpi pace nobis an misero bello esset utendum, in -Formiano esse volui et una Cicerones. Ipse cum -fratre Capuam ad consules (Nonis enim adesse iussi -sumus) <span class="smcap">III</span> Nonas profectus sum, cum has litteras -dedi.</p> - -<p>Responsa Pompei grata populo et probata contioni -esse dicuntur. Ita putaram. Quae quidem ille si -repudiarit, iacebit; si acceperit—. "Utrum igitur," -inquies, "mavis"? Responderem, si, quem ad modum -parati essemus, scirem. Cassium erat hic auditum -expulsum Ancona eamque urbem a nobis teneri. -Si bellum futurum est, negotium utile. Caesarem -quidem L. Caesare cum mandatis de pace misso tamen -aiunt acerrime dilectum habere, loca occupare, -vincire praesidiis. O perditum latronem! o vix ullo -otio compensandam hanc rei publicae turpitudinem! -Sed stomachari desinamus, tempori pareamus, cum -Pompeio in Hispaniam eamus. Haec opto<a name="FNanchor_45_45" id="FNanchor_45_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_45_45" class="fnanchor">[45]</a> in malis, -quoniam illius alterum consulatum a re publica ne -data quidem occasione reppulimus. Sed haec hactenus.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_45_45" id="Footnote_45_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_45_45"><span class="label">[45]</span></a> optima <em>Lipsius and recent editors</em>.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVIII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 3</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>On the 2nd of February my women-folk came to -Formiae and brought me an account of your very -kind and zealous attentions. I wished them to stay in -my villa here along with the boys, till we know -whether we are to have peace with dishonour, or war -with its horrors. I and my brother start for Capua -on the 3rd of February, the date of this letter, to -meet the consuls on the 5th according to their instructions.</p> - -<p>Pompey's reply to Caesar is said to please the -people, and to have won the approval of a public -meeting. I expected it. If Caesar rejects this condition, -he will fall in esteem: if he accept——. You -will ask my choice in the matter. I would answer, if -I knew our state of preparation. It is reported here -that Cassius has been driven from Ancona, and that -our party hold the town. That will be a useful thing -in the event of war. As for Caesar, though he has -sent L. Caesar with negotiations for peace, nevertheless -reports declare that he is collecting levies with -the greatest energy, seizing posts, and securing the -country with garrisons. What a villain robber! What -a disgrace to the country, too dear a price to pay for -any peace! But let us restrain our anger, yield to -circumstance and accompany Pompey to Spain. That -is my choice in our straits, since we did not take the -chance when we had it of keeping him from his -second consulship.<a name="FNanchor_46_46" id="FNanchor_46_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_46_46" class="fnanchor">[46]</a> But enough of politics.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_46_46" id="Footnote_46_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46_46"><span class="label">[46]</span></a> Or "since we refused him his second consulship, when -we had no choice in the matter."</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span></p> - - -<p>De Dionysio fugit me ad te antea scribere; sed -ita constitui, exspectare responsa Caesaris, ut, si ad -urbem rediremus, ibi nos exspectaret, sin tardius id -fieret, tum eum arcesseremus. Omnino, quid ille -facere debuerit in nostra illa fuga, quid docto homine -et amico dignum fuerit, cum praesertim rogatus esset, -scio, sed haec non nimis exquiro a Graecis. Tu -tamen videbis, si erit, quod nolim, arcessendus, ne -molesti simus invito.</p> - -<p>Quintus frater laborat, ut tibi, quod debet, ab -Egnatio solvat; nec Egnatio voluntas deest, nec parum -locuples est, sed, cum tale tempus sit, ut Q. -Titinius (multum enim est nobiscum) viaticum se -neget habere idemque debitoribus suis denuntiarit, -ut eodem faenore uterentur, atque hoc idem etiam -L. Ligus fecisse dicatur, nec hoc tempore aut domi -nummos Quintus habeat aut exigere ab Egnatio aut -versuram usquam facere possit, miratur te non habuisse -rationem huius publicae difficultatis. Ego -autem, etsi illud ψευδησιόδειον (ita enim putatur) observo -μηδὲ δίκην, praesertim in te, a quo nihil umquam -vidi temere fieri, tamen illius querela movebar. -Hoc quicquid est, te scire volui.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span></p> - - -<p>It escaped my memory to write to you about -Dionysius before: but my determination is this, to -await Caesar's answer, so that, if I return to Rome, -Dionysius may await me there; but, if there is delay, -then I would summon him. I am quite aware of -what he ought to have done when I took to flight, -what was proper for a scholar and a friend, especially -when he had been asked to do it: but I do not expect -much from a Greek. But please see, if I have to -summon him, which I hope I shall not, that I may -not be troubling a reluctant man.</p> - -<p>My brother Quintus is anxious to give you a draft -on Egnatius for the money he owes, and Egnatius is -willing and has plenty of cash; but when the times -are such that Q. Titinius,<a name="FNanchor_47_47" id="FNanchor_47_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_47_47" class="fnanchor">[47]</a> whom I see often, declares -he has no money to get along with, and yet has told his -debtors that they may let their debts stand over at the -same rate of interest as before, and when L. Ligus too -is said to have taken the same steps, and Quintus at -the present time has no money in hand, and is unable -to borrow from Egnatius or to raise a new loan anywhere, -he is surprised that you have not taken into -account our national straits. Though I observe the -saying wrongly ascribed to Hesiod "Hear both -sides,"<a name="FNanchor_48_48" id="FNanchor_48_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_48_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a> particularly in the case of yourself, whom I -have always found considerate, still I was affected -by his grievance. You ought to know his grievance, -such as it is.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_47_47" id="Footnote_47_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_47_47"><span class="label">[47]</span></a> An <em>eques</em> and a money-lender.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_48_48" id="Footnote_48_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48_48"><span class="label">[48]</span></a> μηδὲ δίκην δικάσῃς πρὶν ἃν ἀμφοῖν μῦθον ἀκούσῃς, generally -ascribed to Phocylides.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIX<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -III -Non. Febr. -a. 705.</em></div> - -<p>Nihil habeo, quod ad te scribam, qui etiam eam -epistulam, quam eram elucubratus, ad te non dederim. -Erat enim plena spei bonae, quod et contionis -voluntatem audieram et illum condicionibus -usurum putabam, praesertim suis. Ecce tibi <span class="smcap">III</span> -Nonas Febr. mane accepi litteras tuas, Philotimi, -Furni, Curionis ad Furnium, quibus irridet L. Caesaris -legationem. Plane oppressi videmur, nec, quid -consilii capiam, scio. Nec mehercule de me laboro, -de pueris quid agam, non habeo. Capuam tamen -proficiscebar haec scribens, quo facilius de Pompei -rebus cognoscerem.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XX<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Capuae -Non. Febr. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Breviloquentem iam me tempus ipsum facit. Pacem -enim desperavi, bellum nostri nullum administrant. -Cave enim putes quicquam esse minoris his -consulibus: quorum ego spe audiendi aliquid et cognoscendi -nostri apparatus maximo imbri Capuam veni -pridie Nonas, ut eram iussus. Illi autem nondum -venerant, sed erant venturi inanes, imparati. Gnaeus -autem Luceriae dicebatur esse et adire cohortes legionum -Appianarum<a name="FNanchor_49_49" id="FNanchor_49_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_49_49" class="fnanchor">[49]</a> non firmissimarum. At illum</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_49_49" id="Footnote_49_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49_49"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> Appianarum <em>Lipsius cf.</em> 15. 3: itinarum <em>M</em><sup>1</sup>: itinerum -<em>M</em><sup>2</sup>: Attianarum <em>older editors</em>.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIX<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 3</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I have no news for you, and have not even sent -you my lucubration of last night: for that was a letter -full of good cheer, because I had heard of the temper -shown at the public meeting, and thought that -Caesar would abide by terms which were in fact his -own. But now on this, the morning of the 3rd of -February, I have got a letter from you, one from -Philotimus, one from Furnius, and one from Curio to -Furnius ridiculing the mission of L. Caesar. We -appear to be crushed utterly, nor do I know what -plan to take. I am not indeed in trouble about myself, -it is the boys that put me in a dilemma. Still -I am setting out for Capua, as I write this, that I may -more easily get to know Pompey's affairs.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XX<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 5</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>The occasion makes me brief. I have abandoned -hope of peace: but our party takes no steps for war. -Pray don't suppose that there is anything of less -concern to our present consuls than the war. I came -to Capua on the 4th according to instructions, in -heavy rain, with the hope of hearing something from -them and getting to know of our equipment. They -had not yet arrived, but were expected, emptyhanded, -unprepared. Pompey was reported to be at -Luceria and close to some cohorts<a name="FNanchor_50_50" id="FNanchor_50_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_50_50" class="fnanchor">[50]</a> of the shaky</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_50_50" id="Footnote_50_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50_50"><span class="label">[50]</span></a> Or "and some cohorts are approaching."</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span></p> - -<p>ruere nuntiant et iam iamque adesse, non ut manum -conserat (quicum enim?), sed ut fugam intercludat. -Ego autem in Italia καὶ συναποθανεῖν—nec te id consulo; -sin extra, quid ago? Ad manendum hiems, -lictores, improvidi et neglegentes duces, ad fugam -hortatur amicitia Gnaei, causa bonorum, turpitudo -coniungendi cum tyranno; qui quidem incertum est -Phalarimne an Pisistratum sit imitaturus. Haec -velim explices et me iuves consilio; etsi te ipsum -istic iam calere puto, sed tamen, quantum poteris. -Ego si quid hic hodie novi cognoro, scies; iam enim -aderunt consules ad suas Nonas. Tuas cotidie litteras -exspectabo; ad has autem, cum poteris, rescribes. -Mulieres et Cicerones in Formiano reliqui.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Calibus -VI Id. Febr. -ante lucem -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>De malis nostris tu prius audis quam ego. Istim -enim emanant. Boni autem hinc quod exspectes, -nihil est. Veni Capuam ad Nonas Febr., ita ut iusserant -consules. Eo die Lentulus venit sero. Alter -consul omnino non venerat <span class="smcap">VII</span> Idus. Eo enim die ego -Capua discessi et mansi Calibus. Inde has litteras -postridie ante lucem dedi. Haec, Capuae dum fui, -cognovi, nihil in consulibus, nullum usquam dilectum. -Nec enim conquisitores φαινοπροσωπεῖν audent, cum</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span></p> - -<p>Appian troops. Caesar is said to be tearing along, -and is nearly on us, not to join battle—there is no -one to join it with—but to cut us off from flight. -Now, if it is to be in Italy, I am ready to die with -her—and on that I need not ask your advice: but if -the struggle is beyond her borders, what am I to do? -The winter, my lictors, the improvidence and neglect -of the leaders prompt me to stay: my friendship -with Pompey, the cause of the loyalists, the disgrace -of association with a tyrant, prompt me to flee. One -cannot say whether that tyrant will choose Phalaris -or Pisistratus as his model. Please unravel this and -assist me with your advice. Though I suppose you -are in a warm corner in Rome, still help me to the -best of your ability. I will advise you if anything -new crops up here to-day. The consuls will arrive -on the 5th as arranged. I shall look for a letter -every day: but answer this one as soon as you can. I -have left the ladies and the boys at Formiae.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cales, Feb. -8</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Of our troubles you hear sooner than I. It is -from your quarter they come. No good news can be -expected from here. I reached Capua on the 5th of -February, as the consuls bade. Lentulus arrived late -in the day. The other consul had not arrived at all -on the 7th: for on that day I left Capua and stayed at -Cales. On the 8th before daybreak I dispatch you -this letter from there. The discovery I made at -Capua was that no reliance is to be placed on the -consuls, and that no levy is being made anywhere. -For recruiting officers do not dare to show their faces</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span></p> - -<p>ille adsit, contraque noster dux nusquam sit, nihil -agat, nec nomina dant. Deficit enim non voluntas, -sed spes. Gnaeus autem noster (o rem miseram et -incredibilem!) ut totus iacet! Non animus est, non -consilium, non copiae, non diligentia. Mittam illa, -fugam ab urbe turpissimam, timidissimas in oppidis -contiones, ignorationem non solum adversarii, sed -etiam suarum copiarum; hoc cuius modi est? VII Idus -Febr. Capuam C. Cassius tribunus pl. venit, attulit -mandata ad consules, ut Romam venirent, pecuniam -de sanctiore aerario auferrent, statim exirent. Urbe -relicta redeant; quo praesidio? deinde exeant; quis -sinat? Consul ei rescripsit, ut prius ipse in Picenum. -At illud totum erat amissum; sciebat nemo praeter -me ex litteris Dolabellae. Mihi dubium non erat, -quin ille iam iamque foret in Apulia, Gnaeus noster -in navi.</p> - -<p>Ego quid agam σκέμμα magnum—neque mehercule -mihi quidem ullum, nisi omnia essent acta turpissime, -neque ego ullius consilii particeps—sed tamen quod -me deceat. Ipse me Caesar ad pacem hortatur; sed -antiquiores litterae, quam ruere coepit. Dolabella, -Caelius me illi valde satis facere. Mira me ἀπορία</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span></p> - -<p>when Caesar is at hand, and our leader is nowhere to -be found and takes no action. No one enlists. It is -not good will that is lacking, but hope. What an inconceivable -plight is Pompey's, and how utterly -he has broken down! He has neither spirit nor -plan, nor forces, nor energy. I say nothing of his -most disgraceful flight from the city, his timorous -speeches in the towns, his ignorance not only of the -strength of his opponent but of his own forces: but -what of this? On the 7th of February C. Cassius the -tribune came to Capua, and brought an order to the -consuls to come to Rome, carry off the money from -the reserve treasury<a name="FNanchor_51_51" id="FNanchor_51_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_51_51" class="fnanchor">[51]</a> and leave at once. On quitting -the city they are to return—but they have no escort: -then there is the getting out of the city—who is -going to give them leave? Lentulus replied that -Pompey must first come to Picenum. No one except -myself knows it; but Dolabella has written to me -that that district is totally lost. I have no doubt -but that Caesar is on the point of entering Apulia -and that Pompey is on board ship.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_51_51" id="Footnote_51_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51_51"><span class="label">[51]</span></a> This reserve fund was said to have been founded originally -to meet a possible invasion of the Gauls. It was made -up from spoils in war and from the 5 per cent tax on -manumitted slaves. It was drawn upon in the second Punic -War (cf. Livy <span class="smcap">XXVII</span>, 11). Caesar (<em>Bellum Civ.</em> 14) says the -consuls intended to open it before they left Rome; but fled -in haste at a report of his approach.</p></div> - -<p>What I am to do is a big problem. It would be -no problem for me at all, if everything had not been -disgracefully managed; and I had no part in the plan: -still my proper course is a problem. Caesar himself -invites to peace: but the letter is dated before he -began to run amuck. Dolabella and Caelius declare -that he is well satisfied with me. I am at my wits'</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span></p> - -<p>torquet. Iuva me consilio, si potes, et tamen ista, -quantum potes, provide. Nihil habeo tanta rerum -perturbatione, quod scribam. Tuas litteras exspecto.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -VI Id. -Febr. vesperi -aut V Id. -mane a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Pedem in Italia video nullum esse, qui non in -istius potestate sit. De Pompeio scio nihil, eumque, -nisi in navim se contulerit, exceptum iri puto. O -celeritatem incredibilem! huius autem nostri—sed -non possum sine dolore accusare eum, de quo angor -et crucior. Tu caedem non sine causa times, non -quo minus quicquam Caesari expediat ad diuturnitatem -victoriae et dominationis, sed video, quorum -arbitrio sit acturus. Recte sit. Censeo cedendum. -De Oppiis eis<a name="FNanchor_52_52" id="FNanchor_52_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_52_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a> egeo consilii. Quod optimum factu -videbitur, facies. Cum Philotimo loquere atque -adeo Terentiam habebis Idibus. Ego quid agam? -qua aut terra aut mari persequar eum, qui ubi sit, -nescio? Etsi terra quidem qui possum? mari quo? -Tradam igitur isti me? Fac posse tuto (multi enim -hortantur), num etiam honeste? Nullo modo. Equidem -a te petam consilium, ut soleo. Explicari res -non potest; sed tamen, si quid in mentem venit, -velim scribas, et ipse quid sis acturus.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_52_52" id="Footnote_52_52"></a><a href="#FNanchor_52_52"><span class="label">[52]</span></a> cedendum de oppidis iis. <em>M. The correction</em> Oppiis <em>is -due to Boot</em>.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span></p> - -<p>end. Assist me with your advice, if you can, but -guard against events as much as possible. I have -nothing to say in such an anxious crisis: but I am -looking for your letter.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, the -evening of -Feb. 8 or -morning of -Feb. 9</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> -<em>49</em></div> - -<p>I see there is not a foot of ground in Italy -which is not in Caesar's power. I have no news of -Pompey, and I imagine he will be captured unless he -has taken to the sea. What marvellous dispatch! -While our leader—: but it grieves me to blame him, as -I am in an agony of suspense on his account. There -is reason for you to fear butchery, not that anything -could be less advantageous to secure Caesar a lasting -victory and power; but I see on whose advice he -will act. I hope it will be all right; and I think we -shall have to yield. As regards the Oppii I have no -suggestion to make. Do what you think best. You -should speak with Philotimus, and besides you will -have Terentia on the 13th. What can I do? In -what land or on what sea can I follow a man, when I -don't know where he is? After all how can I follow -on land, and by sea whither? Shall I then surrender -to Caesar? Suppose I could surrender with safety, -as many advise, could I surrender with honour? By -no means. I will ask your advice as usual. The problem -is insoluble. Still, if anything comes into your -head, please write; and let me know what you will -do yourself.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXIII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -V Id. -Febr. vesp. -aut IV Id. -mane a. 705</em></div> - -<p><span class="smcap">V</span> Idus Febr. vesperi a Philotimo litteras accepi -Domitium exercitum firmum habere, cohortes ex Piceno -Lentulo et Thermo ducentibus cum Domiti -exercitu coniunctas esse, Caesarem intercludi posse -eumque id timere, bonorum animos recreatos Romae, -improbos quasi perculsos. Haec metuo equidem ne -sint somnia, sed tamen M'. Lepidum, L. Torquatum, -C. Cassium tribunum pl. (hi enim sunt nobiscum, id -est in Formiano) Philotimi litterae ad vitam revocaverunt. -Ego autem illa metuo ne veriora sint, nos -omnes paene iam captos esse, Pompeium Italia cedere; -quem quidem (o rem acerbam!) persequi Caesar dicitur. -Persequi Caesar Pompeium? quid? ut interficiat? -O me miserum! Et non omnes nostra corpora opponimus? -In quo tu quoque ingemiscis. Sed quid -faciamus? Victi, oppressi, capti plane sumus.</p> - -<p>Ego tamen Philotimi litteris lectis mutavi consilium -de mulieribus. Quas, ut scripseram ad te, Romam -remittebam; sed mihi venit in mentem multum fore -sermonem me iudicium iam de causa publica fecisse; -qua desperata quasi hunc gradum mei reditus esse, -quod mulieres revertissent. De me autem ipso tibi -adsentior, ne me dem incertae et periculosae fugae, -cum rei publicae nihil prosim, nihil Pompeio; pro quo -emori cum pie possum tum lubenter. Manebo igitur, -etsi vivere—.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXIII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, the -evening of -Feb. 9 or the -morning of -Feb. 10</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>On the evening of the 9th of February, I got a -letter from Philotimus, declaring that Domitius has a -reliable force, the cohorts from Picenum under the -command of Lentulus and Thermus have joined -his army, Caesar can be cut off and fears the contingency, -and the hopes of loyalists at Rome have -been restored, and those of the other party dashed. -I am afraid this may be a dream; but still the news -revived M'. Lepidus, L. Torquatus and C. Cassius the -tribune of the plebs—for they are with me, that is at -Formiae. I fear the truer version may be that we -are now all practically prisoners, that Pompey is -leaving Italy, pursued it is said by Caesar. What a -bitter thought! Caesar pursue Pompey! What, -to slay him? Woe is me! And we do not all -throw our bodies in the way! You too are sorry -about it. But what can we do? We are beaten, -ruined and utterly captive.</p> - -<p>Still the perusal of Philotimus' letter has caused -me to change my plan about the women-folk. I -wrote you I was sending them back to Rome: but it -has come into my mind that there would be a deal of -talk, that I had now come to a decision on the political -situation; and that in despair of success the return of -the ladies of my house was as it were one step towards -my own return. As for myself, I agree with you that -I should not commit myself to the danger and uncertainty -of flight, seeing that it would avail nothing -to State or Pompey, for whom I would dutifully and -gladly die. So I shall stay, though life—.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span></p> - - -<p>Quod quaeris, hic quid agatur, tota Capua et omnis -hic dilectus iacet; desperata res est, in fuga omnes -sunt, nisi qui deus iuverit,<a name="FNanchor_53_53" id="FNanchor_53_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_53_53" class="fnanchor">[53]</a> ut Pompeius istas Domiti -copias cum suis coniungat. Sed videbamur omnia -biduo triduove scituri. Caesaris litterarum exemplum -tibi misi; rogaras enim. Cui nos valde satis facere -multi ad me scripserunt; quod patior facile, dum ut -adhuc nihil faciam turpiter.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_53_53" id="Footnote_53_53"></a><a href="#FNanchor_53_53"><span class="label">[53]</span></a> nisi qui deus iuverit <em>Tyrrell</em>: nisi quid eius fuerit <em>M</em>: -nisi quid eius modi fuerit <em>Ascensius</em>.</p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXIV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -IV -Id. Febr. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Philotimi litterae me quidem non nimis, sed eos, -qui in his locis erant, admodum delectarunt. Ecce -postridie Cassii litterae Capua a Lucretio, familiari -eius, Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse. Eum dicere -Vibullium cum paucis militibus e Piceno currere -ad Gnaeum, confestim insequi Caesarem, Domitium -non habere militum <span class="smcap">III</span> milia. Idem scripsit Capua -consules discessisse. Non dubito quin Gnaeus in fuga -sit; modo effugiat. Ego a consilio fugiendi, ut tu -censes, absum.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -IV -aut III Id. -Febr. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Cum dedissem ad te litteras tristes et metuo ne -veras de Lucreti ad Cassium litteris Capua missis, -Cephalio venit a vobis. Attulit etiam a te litteras -hilariores nec tamen firmas, ut soles. Omnia facilius -credere possum, quam quod scribitis, Pompeium exercitum -habere. Nemo huc ita adfert omniaque, quae</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span></p> - - -<p>For your query as to the state of affairs in this -quarter, Capua and the levy are in stagnation: our -cause is despaired of: every one is in flight, unless -some god help Pompey to join that army of Domitius -with his own. It would seem that we shall know all -in a day or so. As requested I send you a copy of -Caesar's letter. Many of my correspondents say that -he is quite satisfied with me. I can allow that, -provided I continue to do nothing to stain my honour.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXIV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 10</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Philotimus' letter delighted me little, but those -who are here considerably. Well, on the very next day -a letter of Cassius from his friend Lucretius at Capua -announced that Nigidius, an emissary of Domitius, -had reached Capua, bringing news that Vibullius with -a few soldiers was hurrying in from Picenum to Pompey's -camp, that Caesar was pursuing rapidly and that -Domitius had less than 3000 men. The letter stated -that the consuls had left Capua. I am sure Pompey -must be fleeing: I only hope he may escape. I accept -your advice and have no intention of flight myself.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 10 or -11</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>After I had sent you a despondent and, I fear, -true report about the letter Lucretius dispatched to -Cassius from Capua, Cephalio came to me from you -with a letter more cheerful, but not as decided as -usual. Any news is more credible than your news -of Pompey having an army. No one brings such a</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span></p> - -<p>nolim. O rem miseram! malas causas semper obtinuit, -in optima concidit. Quid dicam nisi illud eum scisse -(neque enim erat difficile), hoc nescisse? Erat enim -ars difficilis recte rem publicam regere. Sed iam -iamque omnia sciemus et scribemus ad te statim.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXVI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -XV -K. Mart. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Non venit idem usu mihi, quod tu tibi scribis, -"quotiens exorior." Ego enim nunc paulum exorior -et maxime quidem iis litteris, quae Roma adferuntur -de Domitio, de Picentium cohortibus. Omnia erant -facta hoc biduo laetiora. Itaque fuga, quae parabatur, -repressa est; Caesaris interdicta:</p> - -<p class="center">"Si te secundo lumine hic offendero—" -</p> - -<p>respuuntur; bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio -fama est.</p> - -<p>Quod me amicissime admones, ut me integrum, -quoad possim, servem, gratum est; quod addis, ne -propensior ad turpem causam videar, certe videri -possum. Ego me ducem in civili bello, quoad de pace -ageretur, negavi esse, non quin rectum esset, sed -quia, quod multo rectius fuit, id mihi fraudem tulit. -Plane eum, cui noster alterum consulatum deferret -et triumphum (at quibus verbis! "pro tuis rebus<a name="FNanchor_54_54" id="FNanchor_54_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_54_54" class="fnanchor">[54]</a> -gestis amplissimis"), inimicum habere nolueram. -Ego scio, et quem metuam et quam ob rem. Sin erit</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_54_54" id="Footnote_54_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_54_54"><span class="label">[54]</span></a> pro tuis rebus <em>Lambinus</em>; ut prorsus <em>M</em>.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span></p> - -<p>report here, but every kind of unwelcome news. It -is a sorry thought that Pompey has always won in a -bad cause, but fails in the best of causes. The only -solution is that he knew the ropes in the former -(which is not a difficult accomplishment), but did not -in the latter. It is a difficult art to rule a republic -in the right way. At any moment we may know -all, and I will write you immediately.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXVI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 15</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> -<em>49</em></div> - -<p>I have not had what you say is your experience:—"as -often as my hopes revive." Only now are mine -reviving a little, and especially over letters from -Rome about Domitius and the squadrons of Picenum. -Things have become more cheerful in the last two -days. I have given up my preparation for flight. I -spurn Caesar's threat: "If I shall meet thee here -to-morrow morn."<a name="FNanchor_55_55" id="FNanchor_55_55"></a><a href="#Footnote_55_55" class="fnanchor">[55]</a> The news about Domitius is -good, that about Afranius is splendid.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_55_55" id="Footnote_55_55"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55_55"><span class="label">[55]</span></a> From a Latin translation of Euripides, <em>Medea</em>, 352.</p></div> - -<p>Thanks for your very friendly advice, not to commit -myself more than I can help. You add a caution -against showing a leaning towards the wrong party: -well, I confess I may seem to. I refused to take a -leading part in civil war, so long as there were negotiations -for peace, not because the war was unjust, -but because former action of mine in a still juster -cause did me harm. I had no desire at all to excite -the enmity of a man to whom our leader offered a -second consulship, and a triumph too with the fulsome -flattery "on account of your brilliant achievements." -I know whom I have to fear and why.</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span></p> - -<p>bellum, ut video fore, partes meae non desiderabuntur.</p> - -<p>De HS <span class="bt">XX</span> Terentia tibi rescripsit. Dionysio, dum -existimabam vagos nos fore, nolui molestus esse; tibi -autem crebro ad me scribenti de eius officio nihil -rescripsi, quod diem ex die exspectabam, ut statuerem, -quid esset faciendum. Nunc, ut video, pueri -certe in Formiano videntur hiematuri. Et ego? -Nescio. Si enim erit bellum, cum Pompeio esse constitui. -Quod habebo certi, faciam, ut scias. Ego -bellum foedissimum futurum puto, nisi qui, ut tu -scribis, Parthicus casus exstiterit.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span></p> - -<p>But if the war I foresee comes, I shall not fail to -play my part.</p> - -<p>About that £180,<a name="FNanchor_56_56" id="FNanchor_56_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_56_56" class="fnanchor">[56]</a> Terentia sent you an answer. I -did not want to trouble Dionysius, so long as I expected -to be a wanderer. I gave no answer to your repeated -letters about the man's duty, because daily I was -expecting to settle what should be done. Now as far -as I can see, my boys will certainly winter at Formiae. -And I? I don't know. For, if war comes, I am -determined to be with Pompey. I will keep you -informed of reliable news. I fancy there will be a -most terrible war, unless, as you remark, some Parthian -incident occur again.<a name="FNanchor_57_57" id="FNanchor_57_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_57_57" class="fnanchor">[57]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_56_56" id="Footnote_56_56"></a><a href="#FNanchor_56_56"><span class="label">[56]</span></a> 20,000 sesterces.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_57_57" id="Footnote_57_57"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57_57"><span class="label">[57]</span></a> I.e. a sudden retreat of Caesar, like that of the Parthians. -Cf. <span class="smcap">VI</span>, 6.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2>M. TULLI CICERONIS<br /> - -EPISTULARUM AD ATTICUM<br /> - -LIBER OCTAVUS</h2> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>I<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Formiis -XIV K. -Mart. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Cum ad te litteras dedissem, redditae mihi litterae -sunt a Pompeio. Cetera de rebus in Piceno gestis, -quae ad se Vibullius scripsisset, de dilectu Domiti, -quae sunt vobis nota nec tamen tam laeta erant in -iis litteris, quam ad me Philotimus scripserat. Ipsam -tibi epistulam misissem, sed iam subito fratris puer -proficiscebatur. Cras igitur mittam. Sed in ea Pompei -epistula erat in extremo ipsius manu: "Tu censeo -Luceriam venias. Nusquam eris tutius." Id ego in -eam partem accepi, haec oppida atque oram maritimam -illum pro derelicto habere, nec sum miratus -eum, qui caput ipsum reliquisset, reliquis membris -non parcere. Ei statim rescripsi hominemque certum -misi de comitibus meis, non me quaerere, ubi -tutissimo essem. Si me vellet sua aut rei publicae -causa Luceriam venire, statim esse venturum; hortatusque -sum, ut oram maritimam retineret, si rem -frumentariam sibi ex provinciis suppeditari vellet. -Hoc me frustra scribere videbam; sed uti in urbe -retinenda tunc sic nunc in Italia non relinquenda -testificabar sententiam meam. Sic enim parari video, -ut Luceriam omnes copiae contrahantur, et ne is -quidem locus sit stabilis, sed ex eo ipso, si urgeamur, -paretur fuga.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3 class="ph2">CICERO'S LETTERS<br /> - -TO ATTICUS<br /> - -BOOK VIII</h3> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>I<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 16</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> -<em>49</em></div> - -<p>After I sent you my letter, I got one from Pompey. -The rest of it was about what has happened in -Picenum, as reported to him by Vibullius in a note, -and about Domitius' levy. That you know already: -but in this letter things were not so grand as in -Philotimus' letter. I would have sent you Pompey's -note itself, but my brother's man set out in a hurry, -so I will send it to-morrow. Pompey added a P.S. -in his own hand, "I think you should come to Luceria. -You won't be safer anywhere else." I understood -him to mean that he counts as lost the towns here and -the coast. I don't wonder that a man who has given up -the head should throw away the limbs. I sent a reply -by return, by the hands of a sure messenger, that I -was not concerned about where I should be safest, -and that I would come to Luceria immediately, if -his or the public interest demanded it. I entreated -him to hold the coast, if he wanted supplies of corn -from the provinces. I saw I was writing in vain: -but I wanted to put on record now my opinion about -not abandoning Italy, as I had done before about -holding Rome. Evidently all forces are to be collected -at Luceria, and not even there as a permanent -base, but as a starting point for flight, if hard -pressed.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span></p> - - -<p>Quo minus mirere, si invitus in eam causam descendo, -in qua neque pacis neque victoriae ratio quaesita -sit umquam, sed semper flagitiosae et calamitosae -fugae: eundum, ut, quemcumque fors tulerit casum, -subeam potius cum iis, qui dicuntur esse boni, quam -videar a bonis dissentire. Etsi prope diem video bonorum, -id est lautorum et locupletum, urbem refertam -fore, municipiis vero his relictis refertissimam. Quo -ego in numero essem, si hos lictores molestissimos -non haberem, nec me M'. Lepidi, L. Volcaci, Ser. -Sulpici comitum paeniteret, quorum nemo nec stultior -est quam L. Domitius nec inconstantior quam Ap. -Claudius. Unus Pompeius me movet beneficio, non -auctoritate. Quam enim ille habeat auctoritatem in -hac causa? qui, cum omnes Caesarem metuebamus, -ipse eum diligebat, postquam ipse metuere coepit, -putat omnes hostes illi oportere esse. Ibimus tamen -Luceriam. Nec eum fortasse delectabit noster adventus; -dissimulare enim non potero mihi, quae adhuc -acta sint, displicere. Ego, si somnum capere possem, -tam longis te epistulis non obtunderem. Tu, si tibi -eadem causa est, me remunerere sane velim.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>II<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Formiis -XIII K. -Mart. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Mihi vero omnia grata, et quod scripsisti ad me, -quae audieras, et quod non credidisti, quae digna diligentia -mea non erant, et quod monuisti, quod sentiebas. -Ego ad Caesarem unas Capua litteras dedi, quibus -ad ea rescripsi, quae mecum ille de gladiatoribus -suis egerat, breves, sed benevolentiam significantes, -non modo sine contumelia, sed etiam cum maxima</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span></p> - - -<p>So you need not wonder, if I am reluctant to embark -on a cause, which has no policy for peace or -victory, but always a policy of disastrous and disgraceful -flight. I must go to face whatever fortune bring, -with so-called loyalists rather than seem to disagree -with real loyalists. Yet I see Rome will soon be crammed -with loyalists, I mean with men of wealth and fortune, -crammed full, when the towns have been -abandoned. I would be among them, were it not for -these tiresome lictors. I should not be ashamed of -the company of M'. Lepidus, L. Volcacius, Ser. Sulpicius, -not one of whom is a bigger fool than L. Domitius, -nor a bigger trimmer than Ap. Claudius. Only -Pompey weighs with me, for his past kindnesses, not -for his public influence. For what influence has he -in this case? When we were all afraid of Caesar, he -cherished him. After he has begun to fear Caesar, -he thinks all should be Caesar's enemies. Still I shall -go to Luceria. Perhaps he will not be pleased to -meet me, for I shall not be able to disguise my disgust -at what he has done so far. If I could sleep, I -would not bother you with such long letters. If you -suffer from the same complaint, I shall be glad if you -will pay me back in the same coin.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>II<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 17</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> -<em>49</em></div> - -<p>Many thanks for everything: for writing me your -news, for not believing a report, which reflected on my -energy, and for the expression of your opinion. I -sent Caesar one letter from Capua in answer to -his inquiries about his gladiators.<a name="FNanchor_58_58" id="FNanchor_58_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_58_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a> It was short -but friendly, and, so far from abusing Pompey,</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_58_58" id="Footnote_58_58"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58_58"><span class="label">[58]</span></a> Cf. p. 69.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span></p> - -<p>laude Pompei. Id enim illa sententia postulabat, qua -illum ad concordiam hortabar. Eas si quo ille misit, -in publico proponat velim. Alteras eodem die dedi -quo has ad te. Non potui non dare, cum et ipse ad -me scripsisset et Balbus. Earum exemplum ad te -misi. Nihil arbitror fore, quod reprehendas. Si qua -erunt, doce me, quo modo μέμψιν effugere possim. -"Nihil," inquies, "onmino scripseris." Qui magis -effugias eos, qui volent fingere? Verum tamen ita -faciam, quoad fieri poterit. Nam, quod me hortaris -ad memoriam factorum, dictorum, scriptorum etiam -meorum, facis amice tu quidem mihique gratissimum, -sed mihi videris aliud tu honestum meque dignum in -hac causa iudicare, atque ego existimem. Mihi enim -nihil ulla in gente umquam ab ullo auctore rei publicae -ac duce turpius factum esse videtur, quam a -nostro amico factum est. Cuius ego vicem doleo; qui -urbem reliquit, id est patriam, pro qua et in qua mori -praeclarum fuit. Ignorare mihi videris, haec quanta -sit clades. Es enim etiam nunc domi tuae, sed invitis -perditissimis hominibus esse diutius non potes. Hoc -miserius, hoc turpius quicquam? Vagamur egentes -cum coniugibus et liberis; in unius hominis quotannis -periculose aegrotantis anima positas omnes nostras -spes habemus non expulsi, sed evocati ex patria; -quam non servandam ad reditum nostrum, sed diripiendam -et inflammandam reliquimus. Ita multi -nobiscum sunt, non in suburbanis, non in hortis, non -in ipsa urbe, et, si nunc sunt, non erunt. Nos interea -ne Capuae quidem, sed Luceriae, et oram quidem -maritimam iam relinquemus, Afranium exspectabimus -et Petreium. Nam in Labieno parum est dignitatis.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span></p> - -<p>praised him highly. I had to do that, as I was an -advocate of peace between them. If Caesar has -passed on my letter, good: I should like him to -placard it in public. I have sent him another letter on -the date on which I dispatch this to you. I could -not help doing so when he and Balbus wrote to me. -I send you a copy of the letter. I don't think you -can find any fault. If you can find any, tell me how -I can escape criticism. You will say I should have sent -no letter at all. What better plan to escape malicious -tongues? However I will do so as long as I can. -Your exhortations to remember my deeds and words -and even writings are friendly and very pleasant; -but you seem to have a different idea to mine as to -honour and propriety in this business. To my mind, -no statesman or general has ever been guilty of conduct -so disgraceful as Pompey's. I am sorry for him. -He left Rome, his country, for which and in which it -were glorious to die. You don't seem to me to realize -what a disaster that is. You yourself are still in your -own house; but you cannot stay there any longer -without the consent of villains and traitors. It is the -depth of misery and shame. We wander in want -with wives and children. Our sole hope lies in the -life of one man, who falls dangerously sick every -year. We are not driven, but summoned to leave our -country. And our country which we have left will -not be kept in safety against our return, but abandoned -to fire and plunder. So many Pompeians are with us, -not in their suburban villas, not in Rome, and, if some -are still in Rome, they will soon go. Meantime I -shall not stay at Capua, but at Luceria, and of course -I shall abandon the coast at once. I shall wait for -the move of Afranius and Petreius: for Labienus is a</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span></p> - -<p>Hic tu in me illud desideras. Nihil de me...dico, alii -viderint. Hic quidem quae est...?<a name="FNanchor_59_59" id="FNanchor_59_59"></a><a href="#Footnote_59_59" class="fnanchor">[59]</a> Domi vestrae estis -et eritis omnes boni. Quis tum se mihi non ostendit? -quis nunc adest hoc bello? Sic enim iam appellandum -est.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_59_59" id="Footnote_59_59"></a><a href="#FNanchor_59_59"><span class="label">[59]</span></a> <em>after</em> me <em>and</em> est <em>there is a space left in M, probably for -some Greek words, e.g.</em> ἀξίωμα <em>and</em> ἀξίωσις <em>as Tyrrell and Orelli -suggest</em>.</p></div> - -<p>Vibulli res gestae sunt adhuc maximae. Id ex -Pompei litteris cognosces; in quibus animadvertito -ilium locum, ubi erit διπλῆ. Videbis, de Gnaeo nostro -ipse Vibullius quid existimet. Quo igitur haec spectat -oratio? Ego pro Pompeio lubenter emori possum; -facio pluris omnium hominum neminem; sed non ita, -non in eo iudico spem de salute rei publicae. Significas -enim aliquanto secus, quam solebas, ut etiam -Italia, si ille cedat, putes cedendum. Quod ego nec -rei publicae puto esse utile nec liberis meis, praeterea -neque rectum neque honestum. Sed cur "Poterisne -igitur videre tyrannum?" Quasi intersit, audiam an -videam, aut locupletior mihi sit quaerendus auctor -quam Socrates; qui, cum <span class="smcap">XXX</span> tyranni essent, pedem -porta non extulit. Est mihi praeterea praecipua causa -manendi. De qua utinam aliquando tecum loquar!</p> - -<p>Ego <span class="smcap">XIII</span> Kalend., cum eadem lucerna hanc epistulam -scripsissem, qua inflammaram tuam, Formiis ad -Pompeium, si de pace ageretur, profecturus, si de -bello, quid ero?</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span></p> - -<p>man of little standing. You may say that I am too. I -say nothing of myself: I leave that to others. Who -has standing here? All you loyalists stay at home, -and will continue to stay there. Who failed me in the -old days? Who supports me now in this war, as I -must call it.</p> - -<p>So far Vibullius' achievements have been fine. -You will see that from Pompey's letter. <em>Vide</em> the -passage marked.<a name="FNanchor_60_60" id="FNanchor_60_60"></a><a href="#Footnote_60_60" class="fnanchor">[60]</a> You will see Vibullius' own opinion -of Pompey. My point is that I can gladly die for -Pompey's sake—there is no one I hold dearer; but not -in that way. In him I see no hope for the safety of the -state. You express a view different from your usual -view, that I must even leave Italy, if he does. That -course seems to me of no advantage to the state or -to my children, and, moreover, neither right nor -honourable. But why do you say, "Will you be able -to see a tyrant"? As if it mattered whether I hear of -him or see him, or as if I wanted a better example than -Socrates, who never set foot out of gate during the -reign of the Thirty tyrants. Besides I have a special -reason for staying. I wish I could talk it over with -you.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_60_60" id="Footnote_60_60"></a><a href="#FNanchor_60_60"><span class="label">[60]</span></a> The διπλῆ was a marginal mark of this shape <strong>></strong> used in -MSS. to mark a special passage or in dialogue to indicate -the appearance of a new speaker.</p></div> - -<p>After writing this letter on the 17th, by the same -lamp as that in which I burned yours, I set out from -Formiae to go to Pompey, and I may be of use, if the -talk is of peace: but, if of war, of what use shall -I be?</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>III<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Caleno -XII K. -Mart. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Maximis et miserrimis rebus perturbatus, cum -coram tecum mihi potestas deliberandi non esset, uti -tamen tuo consilio volui. Deliberatio autem omnis -haec est, si Pompeius Italia excedat, quod eum facturum -esse suspicor, quid mihi agendum putes. Et -quo facilius consilium dare possis, quid in utramque -partem mihi in mentem veniat, explicabo brevi.</p> - -<p>Cum merita Pompei summa erga salutem meam, -familiaritasque, quae mihi cum eo est, tum ipsa rei -publicae causa me adducit, ut mihi vel consilium -meum cum illius consilio vel fortuna mea cum illius -fortuna coniungenda esse videatur. Accedit illud. -Si maneo et illum comitatum optimorum et clarissimorum -civium desero, cadendum est in unius -potestatem. Qui etsi multis rebus significat se nobis -esse amicum (et, ut esset, a me est, tute scis, propter -suspicionem huius impendentis tempestatis multo -ante provisum), tamen utrumque considerandum est, -et quanta fides ei sit habenda, et, si maxime exploratum -sit eum nobis amicum fore, sitne viri fortis -et boni civis esse in ea urbe, in qua cum summis -honoribus imperiisque usus sit, res maximas gesserit, -sacerdotio sit amplissimo praeditus, non futurus sit, -qui fuerit, subeundumque periculum sit cum aliquo -forte dedecore, si quando Pompeius rem publicam -recuperarit. In hac parte haec sunt.</p> - -<p>Vide nunc, quae sint in altera. Nihil actum est -a Pompeio nostro sapienter, nihil fortiter, addo etiam -nihil nisi contra consilium auctoritatemque meam. -Omitto illa vetera, quod istum in rem publicam ille</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>III<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cales, -Feb. 18</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Upset by this grave and most calamitous crisis, -though I have no opportunity of consulting you personally, -still I wish to enjoy your advice. The whole -question under debate is this. What do you think I -should do, if Pompey leaves Italy, as I expect he will? -To help you to a decision, I will briefly recount what -occurs to me on both sides of the question.</p> - -<p>Not only Pompey's great services in bringing -about my restoration and his intimacy with me, but -the public welfare, leads me to think that my policy -and his or, if you will, my fortunes and his should be -one. And another thing, if I remain in Italy and desert -the company of loyal and distinguished citizens, I -must fall into the power of one man, and, though he -gives me many tokens of regard (and you know well I -took good care that it should be so with this crisis in -view), yet he still leaves me a twofold problem; how -much trust can be put in his promises, and, if I am positive -of his good will, is it proper for a man of courage -and loyalty to remain in Rome and lose his position -for the future where he has enjoyed the highest distinctions -and commands, performed deeds of importance, -been invested with the highest seat in the -sacred college, and to suffer risks and perhaps some -shame, if ever Pompey restore the constitution? So -much for the arguments on one side.</p> - -<p>Now look at those on the other. There is not an -atom of prudence or courage in Pompey's policy—and -besides nothing that is not clean contrary to my -counsel and advice. I pass over the old grievance, -how Caesar was Pompey's man: Pompey raised him to</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span></p> - -<p>aluit, auxit, armavit, ille legibus per vim et contra -auspicia ferendis auctor, ille Galliae ulterioris adiunctor, -ille gener, ille in adoptando P. Clodio augur, ille -restituendi mei quam retinendi studiosior, ille provinciae -propagator, ille absentis in omnibus adiutor, -idem etiam tertio consulatu, postquam esse defensor -rei publicae coepit, contendit, ut decem tribuni pl. -ferrent, ut absentis ratio haberetur, quod idem ipse -sanxit lege quadam sua, Marcoque Marcello consuli -finienti provincias Gallias Kalendarum Martiarum die -restitit—sed, ut haec omittam, quid foedius, quid -perturbatius hoc ab urbe discessu sive potius turpissima -fuga? Quae condicio non accipienda fuit potius -quam relinquenda patria? Malae condiciones erant, -fateor, sed num quid hoc peius? At recuperabit -rem publicam. Quando? aut quid ad eam spem est -parati? Non ager Picenus amissus? non patefactum -iter ad urbem? non pecunia omnis et publica et -privata adversario tradita? Denique nulla causa, -nullae vires, nulla sedes, quo concurrent, qui rem -publicam defensam velint. Apulia delecta est, -inanissima pars Italiae et ab impetu huius belli -remotissima; fuga et maritima opportunitas visa -quaeri desperatione. Invite cepi Capuam, non quo -munus illud defugerem, sed in ea causa, in qua nullus</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span></p> - -<p>place and military power, assisted him in passing laws -by force and despite bad omens, granted him -Further Gaul in addition to his province; Pompey -married his daughter, Pompey was augur at the adoption -of Clodius; Pompey was more active in effecting -my restoration than in preventing my banishment; -Pompey prolonged the tenure of Caesar's provincial -government; Pompey championed his cause in absence; -and again in his third consulship, when -he began to be the defender of the constitution, -struggled to get the ten tribunes to propose a -bill admitting Caesar's candidature in absence; -ratified that privilege by a law of his own; and -opposed M. Marcellus the consul, when Marcellus -would have concluded Caesar's government of -the provinces of Gaul on the 1st of March. Putting -all this on one side, is not this departure or rather -this disgraceful and iniquitous flight from Rome a -most shameful sign of panic? Any compromise ought -to have been accepted in preference to abandoning -our country. I admit the terms were bad, but could -anything be worse than this? If you say he -will restore the constitution, I ask you when and -what preparation has been made to that end? We -have lost Picenum: the road lies open to Rome: the -funds of the state and of individuals have been -delivered to our enemy. Finally we have no policy, -no forces, no rendezvous for patriots; Apulia has -been chosen, the least populous district in Italy and -the most removed from the brunt of this war, and -clearly chosen in despair for the opportunity of flight -which the sea affords. With reluctance I took -charge of Capua, not that I would shirk the duty, -but with the reluctance which one would have in a</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span></p> - -<p>esset ordinum, nullus apertus privatorum dolor, -bonorum autem esset aliquis, sed hebes, ut solet, et, -ut ipse sensissem, multitudo et infimus quisque propensus -in alteram partem, multi mutationis rerum -cupidi, dixi ipsi me nihil suscepturum sine praesidio -et sine pecunia. Itaque habui nihil omnino negotii, -quod ab initio vidi nihil quaeri praeter fugam. Eam -si nunc sequor, quonam? Cum illo non; ad quem -cum essem profectus, cognovi in iis locis esse Caesarem, -ut tuto Luceriam venire non possem. Infero -mari nobis incerto cursu hieme maxima navigandum -est. Age iam, cum fratre an sine eo cum filio? at -quo modo? In utraque enim re summa difficultas -erit, summus animi dolor; qui autem impetus illius -erit in nos absentis fortunasque nostras! Acrior quam -in ceterorum, quod putabit fortasse in nobis violandis -aliquid se habere populare. Age iam, has compedes, -fascis, inquam, hos laureatos ecferre ex Italia -quam molestum est! qui autem locus erit nobis tutus, -ut iam placatis utamur fluctibus, antequam ad illum -venerimus? Qua autem aut quo, nihil scimus. At, -si restitero, et fuerit nobis in hac parte locus, idem -fecero quod in Cinnae dominatione L. Philippus, quod -L. Flaccus, quod Q. Mucius, quoquo modo ea res huic</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span></p> - -<p>cause in which neither ranks nor individuals had -expressed any feeling, though there was some feeling -amongst the loyalists, sluggish as usual. Besides, as -I felt, the crowd and the dregs of the populace were -inclined to the other side, and many were merely -desirous of revolution. I told Pompey himself that -I could undertake nothing without a garrison and -without funds. So I have had nothing at all to do, -since I saw from the first, that his only object -was flight. If I would share his flight, whither am -I to go? With him I cannot go; for, when I set out, -I learned that Caesar was so posted that I could not -reach Luceria with safety. I should have to go by -the Lower Sea<a name="FNanchor_61_61" id="FNanchor_61_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_61_61" class="fnanchor">[61]</a> in the depth of winter and with no -certain destination. Moreover am I to take my -brother, or leave him and take my son? But how? -Either course would cause me the greatest trouble -and the greatest grief: and how he will wreak his -rage on me and my property in my absence! More -vindictively perhaps than in the case of others, -because he will think that vengeance on me will -please the people. Consider too my fetters, I mean -my laurelled fasces. How awkward it will be to -take them out of Italy! Suppose I enjoy a calm -passage, what place will be safe for me till I join -Pompey? I have no idea of how or where to go. -But, if I stand my ground and find a place on -Caesar's side, I shall follow the example of L. -Philippus under the tyranny of Cinna, of L. Flaccus -and of Q. Mucius.<a name="FNanchor_62_62" id="FNanchor_62_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_62_62" class="fnanchor">[62]</a> Though it ended unfortunately</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_61_61" id="Footnote_61_61"></a><a href="#FNanchor_61_61"><span class="label">[61]</span></a> I.e. the sea on the west coast of Italy as opposed to -<em>mare superum</em>, the Adriatic.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_62_62" id="Footnote_62_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_62_62"><span class="label">[62]</span></a> All these persons stayed in Rome during the Cinnan -revolution. Mucius was put to death by the younger Marius -in 82 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span></p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span></p> - -<p>quidem cecidit; qui tamen ita dicere solebat, se id -fore videre, quod factum est, sed malle quam armatum -ad patriae moenia accedere. Aliter Thrasybulus -et fortasse melius. Sed est certa quaedam illa Muci -ratio atque sententia, est illa etiam Philippi, et, cum -sit necesse, servire tempori et non amittere tempus, -cum sit datum. Sed in hoc ipso habent tamen idem -fasces molestiam. Sit enim nobis amicus, quod incertum -est, sed sit; deferet triumphum. Non accipere -vide ne periculosum sit, accipere invidiosum ad bonos. -"O rem," inquis, "difficilem et inexplicabilem!" -Atqui explicanda est. Quid enim fieri potest? Ac, -ne me existimaris ad manendum esse propensiorem, -quod plura in eam partem verba fecerim, potest fieri, -quod fit in multis quaestionibus, ut res verbosior haec -fuerit, illa verior. Quam ob rem ut maxima de re -aequo animo deliberanti ita mihi des consilium velim. -Navis et in Caieta est parata nobis et Brundisi.</p> - -<p>Sed ecce nuntii scribente me haec ipsa noctu in -Caleno, ecce litterae Caesarem ad Corfinium, Domitium -Corfini cum firmo exercitu et pugnare cupiente. -Non puto etiam hoc Gnaeum nostrum commissurum, -ut Domitium relinquat; etsi Brundisium Scipionem -cum cohortibus duabus praemiserat, legionem Fausto -conscriptam in Siciliam sibi placere a consule duci -scripserat ad consules. Sed turpe Domitium deserere -erit implorantem eius auxilium. Est quaedam spes -mihi quidem non magna, sed in his locis firma, -Afranium in Pyrenaeo cum Trebonio pugnasse, pulsum -Trebonium, etiam Fabium tuum transisse cum</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span></p> - -<p>in the case of Q. Mucius, yet he was wont to say he -foresaw the issue, but preferred it to taking arms -against his country. Thrasybulus took the other -and perhaps happier course. But Mucius' decision -and views were quite definite, and so were those of -Philippus; that one might do some time-serving, -when it was necessary, but when one's time came, -one should not miss it. But, in that event, still my -fasces are a nuisance. I do not know if Caesar -will be friendly; but suppose he is, he will offer -me a triumph. To refuse would damage my -chances with Caesar, to accept would annoy the -loyalists. It is a hard and insoluble question; and -yet solve it I must. What else can I do? I have -said most in favour of staying in Italy: but do not -infer that I have any particular inclination towards -so doing: it may be, as often happens, that there are -more words on one side and more worth on the other. -Then please give me your advice, counting me openminded -on the important question. There is a boat -ready for me at Caieta and at Brundisium.</p> - -<p>But, here are messengers arriving as I write this -letter at night in Cales; and here is a letter saying that -Caesar has reached Corfinium and that Domitius is -there with a strong force anxious to fight. I do not -think that Pompey will go so far as to abandon -Domitius, though he sent Scipio ahead to Brundisium -with two squadrons, and has informed the consuls -that he wants one of them to take the legion raised -for Faustus into Sicily. But it were base to desert -Domitius, when he entreats for help. There is some -hope, small enough to my mind, but favoured in this -district, that Afranius has fought with Trebonius in -the Pyrenees and driven him back, and that your</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span></p> - -<p>cohortibus, summa autem Afranium cum magnis -copiis adventare. Id si est, in Italia fortasse manebitur. -Ego autem, cum esset incertum iter Caesaris, -quod vel ad Capuam vel ad Luceriam iturus putabatur, -Leptam misi ad Pompeium et litteras; ipse, -ne quo inciderem, reverti Formias.</p> - -<p>Haec te scire volui scripsique sedatiore animo, -quam proxime scripseram, nullum meum iudicium -interponens, sed exquirens tuum.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Formiano -VIII K. -Mart. ante -lucem a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Dionysius quidem tuus potius quam noster, cuius -ego cum satis cognossem mores, tuo tamen potius -stabam iudicio quam meo, ne tui quidem testimonii, -quod ei saepe apud me dederas, veritus, superbum se -praebuit in fortuna, quam putavit nostram fore; cuius -fortunae nos, quantum humano consilio effici poterit, -motum ratione quadam gubernabimus. Cui qui -noster honos, quod obsequium, quae etiam ad ceteros -contempti cuiusdam hominis commendatio defuit? ut -meum iudicium reprehendi a Quinto fratre volgoque -ab omnibus mallem quam illum non efferrem laudibus, -Ciceronesque nostros meo potius labore subdoceri -quam me alium iis magistrum quaerere; ad quem ego -quas litteras, dei immortales, miseram, quantum -honoris significantes, quantum amoris! Dicaearchum -mehercule aut Aristoxenum diceres arcessi, non unum -hominem omnium loquacissimum et minime aptum ad -docendum. Sed est memoria bona. Me dicet esse -meliore. Quibus litteris ita respondit ut ego nemini,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span></p> - -<p>friend Fabius too has gone over to Pompey with his -squadrons: and high hope, that Afranius is marching -hither with large forces. If that is true, we may -stay in Italy. But since no one knows Caesar's -route, as he was supposed to be going towards Capua -or Luceria, I am sending Lepta to Pompey with a -letter. Myself I return to Formiae for fear I should -stumble on anyone.</p> - -<p>I wanted you to know the news, and I write with -more composure than I stated above. I advance no -views of my own, but ask for yours.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 22</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I count Dionysius your man rather than mine: -for, though I was well acquainted with his character, -I held to your opinion of him rather than to my own. -The fellow has paid no respect even to your frequent -certificates of character, but has become arrogant in -what he takes for a fall in my fortune, though so far -as human wit can avail, I will steer my course -onward with some skill. I never failed Dionysius in -respect or service, or in a good word for the despicable -cad. Nay, I preferred to have my opinion -criticized by Quintus and people in general rather -than omit to praise the fellow; and, sooner than seek -another master for my boys, I took pains to give -them private lessons myself. Good God, what a -letter I sent him: how full of respect and affection! -You would think that I was sending for Dicaearchus -or Aristoxenus and not for an arch-chatter-box useless -as a teacher. He has a good memory: he shall have -reason to say that mine is better. He answered the</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span></p> - -<p>cuius causam non reciperem. Semper enim: "Si potero, -si ante suscepta causa non impediar." Numquam reo -cuiquam tam humili, tam sordido, tam nocenti, tam alieno -tam praecise negavi, quam hic mihi plane sine ulla -exceptione praecidit. Nihil cognovi ingratius; in quo -vitio nihil mali non inest. Sed de hoc nimis multa.</p> - -<p>Ego navem paravi. Tuas litteras tamen exspecto, -ut sciam, quid respondeant consultationi meae. Sulmone -C. Atium Paelignum aperuisse Antonio portas, -cum essent cohortes quinque, Q. Lucretium inde effugisse -scis, Gnaeum ire Brundisium, desertum Domitium.<a name="FNanchor_63_63" id="FNanchor_63_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_63_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a> -Confecta res est.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_63_63" id="Footnote_63_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63_63"><span class="label">[63]</span></a> Domitium <em>is added by Lipsius</em>.</p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>V<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -VII, -ut videtur, -K. Mart. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Cum ante lucem <span class="smcap">VIII</span> Kal. litteras ad te de Dionysio -dedissem, vesperi ad nos eodem die venit ipse -Dionysius, auctoritate tua permotus, ut suspicor; quid -enim putem aliud? Etsi solet eum, cum aliquid furiose -fecit, paenitere. Numquam autem cerritior fuit -quam in hoc negotio. Nam, quod ad te non scripseram, -postea audivi a tertio miliario tum eum isse</p> - -<p class="center">πολλὰ μάτην κεράεσσιν ἐς ἠέρα θυμήναντα, -</p> - -<p>multa, inquam, mala cum dixisset: suo capiti, ut -aiunt. Sed en meam mansuetudinem! Conieceram -in fasciculum una cum tua vementem ad illum epistulam. -Hanc ad me referri volo nec ullam ob aliam</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span></p> - -<p>letter in a tone I have never used even when I wished -to decline a case. I always say, "if possible," "if -no previous engagement hinders me." I have never -given so curt a refusal as his curt unqualified "no" -to any client however humble, however mean, however -guilty, however much a stranger. It is the -height of ingratitude, and ingratitude includes all -sins. But enough and more than enough of this.</p> - -<p>I have a boat ready. Still I wait for a letter from -you, that I may know your answer to my problem. -You know that at Sulmo C. Atius Paelignus opened -the gates to Antonius, though he had five squadrons, -that Q. Lucretius has escaped from the place, and -that Pompey has gone to Brundisium, deserting -Domitius. We are done for.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>V<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 23 (?)</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>After I sent you a letter before daybreak on the -22nd about Dionysius, on the evening of the same -day came Dionysius himself. I cannot but think that -it was by your influence, though he is wont to repent -of his fits of temper, and this is the maddest business -he has had a hand in. I did not tell you before, -but I heard later, that, when he had got three miles -from Rome, he took fright,</p> - -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">"When he had vainly butted with his horns<br /></span> -<span class="i0">The vacant air."<a name="FNanchor_64_64" id="FNanchor_64_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_64_64" class="fnanchor">[64]</a><br /></span> -</div></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_64_64" id="Footnote_64_64"></a><a href="#FNanchor_64_64"><span class="label">[64]</span></a> Author unknown.</p></div> - -<p>I mean he cursed roundly. May his curses fall on -his own head, as the saying goes. But look at my good -nature. I enclosed in your packet a strong letter -for him. I should be glad to have it returned; and</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span></p> - -<p>causam Pollicem servum a pedibus meis Romam misi. -Eo autem ad te scripsi, ut, si tibi forte reddita esset, -mihi curares referendam, ne in illius manus perveniret.</p> - -<p>Novi si quid esset, scripsissem. Pendeo animi exspectatione -Corfiniensi, in qua de salute rei publicae -decernetur. Tu fasciculum, qui est M'. Curio inscriptus, -velim cures ad eum perferendum Tironemque -Curio commendes et, ut det ei, si quid opus erit in -sumptum, roges.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -IX -K. Mart., -ut videtur, -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Obsignata iam ista epistula, quam de nocte daturus -eram, sicut dedi (nam eam vesperi scripseram), -C. Sosius praetor in Formianum venit ad M'. Lepidum, -vicinum nostrum, cuius quaestor fuit. Pompei -litterarum ad consules exemplum attulit:</p> - -<p>"Litterae mihi a L. Domitio a. d. <span class="smcap">XIII</span> Kalend. -Mart. allatae sunt. Earum exemplum infra scripsi. -Nunc, ut ego non scribam, tua sponte te intellegere -scio, quanti rei publicae intersit omnes copias in -unum locum primo quoque tempore convenire. Tu, -si tibi videbitur, dabis operam, ut quam primum ad -nos venias, praesidii Capuae quantum constitueris -satis esse, relinquas."</p> - -<p>Deinde supposuit exemplum epistulae Domiti, -quod ego ad te pridie miseram. Di immortales, qui -me horror perfudit! quam sum sollicitus, quidnam -futurum sit! Hoc tamen spero, magnum nomen -imperatoris fore, magnum in adventu terrorem. -Spero etiam, quoniam adhuc nihil nobis obfuit † nihil</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span></p> - -<p>only for that reason have I sent my footman Pollux -to Rome. So I write to you that, if it has come into -your hands, you may return it and not let it fall into -his possession.</p> - -<p>I would write any fresh news, if there were any. -I am a-tiptoe with anxiety as to the business at -Corfinium, which will decide the fate of the constitution. -Please send the packet addressed to M'. -Curius, and please recommend Tiro to Curius, and -ask him to supply his wants.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 21 (?)</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>After I had sealed that letter to you, which I -wanted to dispatch last night (I wrote it in the -evening and did dispatch it), C. Sosius the praetor -came to Formiae to visit my neighbour, M'. Lepidus, -whose quaestor he was. He brought a copy of -Pompey's letter to the consuls: "I have received a -dispatch from L. Domitius, dated the 17th of -February. I enclose a copy. Now without a word -from me, I know you realize of your own accord how -important it is for the State that all our forces should -concentrate at one spot at the earliest possible date. -If you agree, endeavour to reach me at once, leaving -Capua such garrison as you may consider necessary."</p> - -<p>Then appended is a copy of Domitius' letter which -I sent you yesterday. My God, how terrified I was -and how distracted I am as to the future! I hope his -nickname the Great will inspire great panic on his -arrival. I hope too, since nothing has stood in our -way at present [except his negligence, he is not</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span></p> - -<p>mutasset neglegentia hoc quod cum fortiter et diligenter -tum etiam mehercule.†</p> - -<p>Modo enim audivi quartanam a te discessisse. -Moriar, si magis gauderem, si id mihi accidisset. -Piliae dic non esse aequum eam diutius habere nec id -esse vestrae concordiae. Tironem nostrum ab altera -relictum audio. Sed eum video in sumptum ab aliis -mutuatum; ego autem Curium nostrum, si quid opus -esset, rogaram. Malo Tironis verecundiam in culpa -esse quam inliberalitatem Curi.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -VII -K. Mart., ut -videtur, a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Unum etiam restat amico nostro ad omne dedecus, -ut Domitio non subveniat. "At nemo dubitat, quin -subsidio venturus sit." Ego non puto. "Deseret igitur -talem civem et eos, quos una scis esse, cum habeat -praesertim is ipse cohortes triginta?" Nisi me -omnia fallunt, deseret. Incredibiliter pertimuit, -nihil spectat nisi fugam. Cui tu (video enim, quid -sentias) me comitem putas debere esse. Ego vero, -quem fugiam, habeo, quem sequar, non habeo. Quod -enim tu meum laudas et memorandum dicis, malle -quod dixerim me cum Pompeio vinci quam cum istis -vincere, ego vero malo, sed cum illo Pompeio, qui -tum erat, aut qui mihi esse videbatur, cum hoc vero, -qui ante fugit, quam scit, aut quem fugiat aut quo, -qui nostra tradidit, qui patriam reliquit, Italiam relinquit,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span></p> - -<p>neglecting a point which ought to be carried out -vigorously].<a name="FNanchor_65_65" id="FNanchor_65_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_65_65" class="fnanchor">[65]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_65_65" id="Footnote_65_65"></a><a href="#FNanchor_65_65"><span class="label">[65]</span></a> The words in brackets only attempt to give the probable -sense of this hopelessly corrupt passage.</p></div> - -<p>I have just heard that you have lost your fever. -Upon my life I could not be better pleased, if I had -recovered myself. Tell Pilia that such a perfect -helpmeet should not be sick longer than her husband. -I hear that Tiro has recovered from his second attack: -but I see he has been raising money from -strangers. I had commissioned Curius to supply him -with funds. I hope it is Tiro's diffidence and not -Curius' meanness that is to blame.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 23 (?)</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>The one act needed to crown Pompey's disgrace is -the desertion of Domitius. I don't agree with the -universal opinion that he is sure to help him. "Will -he desert so distinguished a citizen as Domitius and -those with him, even though he has thirty cohorts at -his command?" Unless I am greatly mistaken he will -desert him. He is incredibly alarmed, and has no -thought but flight; and you want me to go with -him; for I see what you think. Yes, I have a foe -to flee from, but no friend to follow. As for your -praise of that remark of mine, which you quote and -call so memorable, that I would rather be conquered -with Pompey than conquer with Caesar, well, I would: -but it must be with Pompey my old hero or ideal. -As to the Pompey of to-day, who flees before he -knows from whom he is running or where to run; -who has betrayed us, abandoned his country and deserted</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span></p> - -<p>si malui, contigit, victus sum. Quod superest, -nec ista videre possum, quae numquam timui ne -viderem, nec mehercule istum, propter quem mihi -non modo meis, sed memet ipso carendum est.</p> - -<p>Ad Philotimum scripsi de viatico sive a Moneta -(nemo enim solvit) sive ab Oppiis, tuis contubernalibus. -Cetera apposita tibi mandabo.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -VI K. -Mart. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>O rem turpem et ea re miseram! Sic enim sentio, -id demum aut potius id solum esse miserum, quod -turpe sit. Aluerat Caesarem; eundem repente timere -coeperat, condicionem pacis nullam probarat, nihil -ad bellum pararat, urbem reliquerat, Picenum amiserat -culpa, in Apuliam se compegerat, ibat in Graeciam, -omnes nos ἀπροσφωνήτους, expertes sui tanti, tam -inusitati consilii relinquebat. Ecce subito litterae -Domiti ad illum, ipsius ad consules. Fulsisse mihi -videbatur τὸ καλὸν ad oculos eius et exclamasse ille -vir, qui esse debuit:</p> - -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Πρὸς ταῦθ' ὅ τι χρὴ καὶ παλαμάσθων<br /></span> -<span class="i0">καὶ πάντ' ἐπ' ἐμοὶ τεκταινέσθων.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">τὸ γὰρ εὖ μετ' ἐμοῦ.<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span></p> - -<p>Italy,—well, if I wanted to be conquered with -him, I have got my wish; I am conquered. For -the rest I cannot bear to look at Caesar's doings. I -never expected to see them, nor the man himself -who robs me not only of my friends, but of myself.</p> - -<p>I have written to Philotimus about money for the -journey—either from the mint,<a name="FNanchor_66_66" id="FNanchor_66_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_66_66" class="fnanchor">[66]</a> for none of my -debtors will pay up, or from your associates the -bankers. I will give you all other requisite instructions.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_66_66" id="Footnote_66_66"></a><a href="#FNanchor_66_66"><span class="label">[66]</span></a> The Roman Mint was at the Temple of Juno Moneta. -Apparently money could be obtained there by exchange for -bullion.</p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 24</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>What disgrace, and therefore what misery! For I -feel disgrace to be the crown of misery, or indeed -the only real misery. Pompey treated Caesar as his -<em>protégé</em>, began suddenly to fear him, declined terms -of peace, made no preparation for war, quitted Rome, -lost Picenum by his own fault, got himself blocked -in Apulia, went off to Greece without a word, leaving -us in ignorance of a plan so important and unusual. -Then all of a sudden Domitius' letter to Pompey and -Pompey's letter to the consuls. It seemed to me -that the Right had flashed upon his gaze, and that -he, the old heroic Pompey, cried:</p> - -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">"What subtle craft they will let them devise,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">And work their wiliest in my despite.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">The right is on my side."<a name="FNanchor_67_67" id="FNanchor_67_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_67_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a><br /></span> -</div></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_67_67" id="Footnote_67_67"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67_67"><span class="label">[67]</span></a> A fragment of Euripides parodied by Aristophanes, -<em>Acharnians</em>, 659-661.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span></p> - -<p>At ille tibi πολλὰ χαίρειν τᾷ καλᾷ dicens pergit -Brundisium. Domitium autem aiunt re audita et -eos, qui una essent, se tradidisse. O rem lugubrem! -Itaque intercludor dolore, quo minus ad te plura -scribam. Tuas litteras exspecto.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IX<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -V K. -Mart. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Epistulam meam quod pervulgatam scribis esse, -non fero moleste, quin etiam ipse multis dedi describendam. -Ea enim et acciderunt iam et impendent, -ut testatum esse velim, de pace quid senserim. Cum -autem ad eam hortarer eum praesertim hominem, -non videbar ullo modo facilius moturus, quam si id, -quod eum hortarer, convenire eius sapientiae dicerem. -Eam si "admirabilem" dixi, cum eum ad salutem -patriae hortabar, non sum veritus, ne viderer adsentari, -cui tali in re lubenter me ad pedes abiecissem. -Quod autem est "aliquid inpertias temporis," non -est, de pace, sed de me ipso et de meo officio ut aliquid -cogitet. Nam, quod testificor me expertem -belli fuisse, etsi id re perspectum est, tamen eo -scripsi, quo in suadendo plus auctoritatis haberem; -eodemque pertinet, quod causam eius probo.</p> - -<p>Sed quid haec nunc? Utinam aliquid profectum -esset! Ne ego istas litteras in contione recitari -velim, si quidem ille ipse ad eundem scribens in -publico proposuit epistulam illam, in qua est "pro tuis -rebus gestis amplissimis" (amplioribusne quam suis,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span></p> - -<p>However Pompey bids a long farewell to honour -and away for Brundisium. They say that Domitius -and those with him surrendered on receipt of the -news. What a doleful business! Grief prevents me -writing more. I await a letter from you.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IX<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 25</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em>.</div> - -<p>I am not upset at the circulation of my letter, indeed -I myself let many people take a copy. Considering -what has happened and is likely to happen, -I want my views on peace published. And when I -exhorted Caesar of all men to seek peace, I had no -readier argument than to say, that peace became a -man of his wisdom. If I spoke of his "admirable" -wisdom, seeing that I was urging him on to the salvation -of our country, I was not afraid of appearing -to flatter him: in such a cause I would gladly have -cast myself at his feet. When I use the phrase -"spare time," that does not mean for the consideration -of peace, but for the consideration of myself and my -obligations. As to my statement that I have taken no -part in the war, though the facts are evidence, I -wrote it to give greater weight to my advice and -it was for the same reason that I expressed approbation -of his case.</p> - -<p>But this is idle talk now: I only wish it had done -some good. Why, I should not object to the recital -of my letter at a public meeting, when Pompey himself, -writing to Caesar, exhibited for public perusal a -letter containing the words "On account of your -splendid achievements," (are they more splendid</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span></p> - -<p>quam Africani? Ita tempus ferebat), si quidem etiam -vos duo tales ad quintum miliarium quid nunc ipsum -de se recipienti, quid agenti, quid acturo? Quanto -autem ferocius ille causae suae confidet, cum vos, cum -vestri similes non modo frequentes, sed laeto vultu -gratulantes viderit! "Num igitur peccamus?" Minime -vos quidem; sed tamen signa conturbantur, -quibus voluntas a simulatione distingui posset. Quae -vero senatus consulta video? Sed apertius, quam -proposueram.</p> - -<p>Ego Arpini volo esse pridie Kal., deinde circum -villulas nostras errare, quas visurum me postea desperavi. -Εὐγενῆ tua consilia et tamen pro temporibus -non incauta mihi valde probantur. Lepido quidem -(nam fere συνδιημερεύομεν, quod gratissimum illi est) -numquam placuit ex Italia exire, Tullo multo minus. -Crebro enim illius litterae ab aliis ad nos commeant. -Sed me illorum sententiae minus movebant; minus -multa dederant illi rei publicae pignora. Tua mehercule -auctoritas vehementer movet; adfert enim et -reliqui temporis recuperandi rationem et praesentis -tuendi. Sed, obsecro te, quid hoc miserius quam -alterum plausus in foedissima causa quaerere, alterum -offensiones in optima? alterum existimari conservatorem -inimicorum, alterum desertorem amicorum? -Et mehercule, quamvis amemus Gnaeum nostrum, -ut et facimus et debemus, tamen hoc, quod talibus -viris non subvenit, laudare non possum. Nam, sive</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span></p> - -<p>than Pompey's own, or those of Africanus? Circumstances -made him say so.) and when two men like -you and S. Peducaeus are going to meet him at the -fifth milestone,—and at this moment to what course -does he pledge himself, what is he doing, what is he -going to do? Surely his belief in his rights will -grow more vehement, when he sees you and men -like you not only in crowds, but with joy upon your -faces. "What harm in that," you ask? Not a bit, as -far as you are concerned: but still the outward signs -of the distinction between genuine feeling and pretence -are all upset. I foresee some strange decrees -of the Senate. But my letter has been more frank -than I intended.</p> - -<p>I hope to be at Arpinum on the 28th, and then to -visit my country estates, I fear for the last time. -Your policy, gentlemanly, but not without a touch of -caution suited to the times, has my sincere approval. -Lepidus, who has the pleasure of my company -almost every day, never liked the plan of quitting -Italy: Tullus detested it: for letters from -him often reach me from other hands. However -their views influence me little: they have given -fewer pledges to the state than I: but I am -strongly swayed by the weight of your opinion, -which proposes a plan for betterment in the future -and security in the present. Is there a more -wretched spectacle than that of Caesar earning -praise in the most disgusting cause, and of Pompey -earning blame in the most excellent: of Caesar -being regarded as the saviour of his enemies, and Pompey -as a traitor to his friends? Assuredly though I -love Pompey, from inclination and duty, still I cannot -praise his failure to succour such men. If it was fear,</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span></p> - -<p>timuit, quid ignavius? sive, ut quidam putant, meliorem -suam causam illorum caede fore putavit, quid -iniustius? Sed haec omittamus; augemus enim -dolorem retractando.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">VI</span> Kal. vesperi Balbus minor ad me venit occulta -via currens ad Lentulum consulem missu Caesaris -cum litteris, cum mandatis, cum promissione provinciae, -Romam ut redeat. Cui persuaderi posse non arbitror, -nisi erit conventus. Idem aiebat nihil malle -Caesarem, quam ut Pompeium adsequeretur (id credo) -et rediret in gratiam. Id non credo et metuo, ne -omnis haec clementia ad Cinneam<a name="FNanchor_68_68" id="FNanchor_68_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_68_68" class="fnanchor">[68]</a> illam crudelitatem -colligatur. Balbus quidem maior ad me scribit nihil -malle Caesarem quam principe Pompeio sine metu -vivere. Tu, puto, haec credis. Sed, cum haec -scribebam <span class="smcap">V</span> Kalend., Pompeius iam Brundisium venisse -poterat; expeditus enim antecesserat legiones -<span class="smcap">XI</span> K. Luceria. Sed hoc τέρας horribili vigilantia, -celeritate, diligentia est. Plane, quid futurum sit, -nescio.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_68_68" id="Footnote_68_68"></a><a href="#FNanchor_68_68"><span class="label">[68]</span></a> Cinneam <em>Tyrrell and Purser</em>: unam <em>MSS.</em>: Sullanam -<em>Orelli</em>.</p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>X<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -IV K. -Mart. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Dionysius cum ad me praeter opinionem meam -venisset, locutus sum cum eo liberalissime; tempora -exposui, rogavi, ut diceret, quid haberet in animo; -me nihil ab ipso invito contendere. Respondit se, -quod in nummis haberet, nescire quo loci esset; alios -non solvere, aliorum diem nondum esse. Dixit -etiam alia quaedam de servulis suis, quare nobiscum</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span></p> - -<p>it was most cowardly; if, as some think, he imagined -that their massacre would assist his cause, it was most -iniquitous. But let us pass over this, for remembrance -adds to my sorrow.</p> - -<p>On the evening of the 24th, Balbus the younger -came to me, hurrying on a secret errand to the consul -Lentulus from Caesar with a letter, a commission, -and the promise of a province on condition of his returning -to Rome. I don't think that he can be talked -over without a personal interview. Balbus said -that Caesar was most anxious to meet Pompey (I -believe it), and to get on good terms with him. -This I do not believe and I fear all his kindness is -only a preparation for cruelty like Cinna's. Balbus -the elder writes to me that Caesar wants nothing -better than to live in safety under Pompey. I expect -you will believe that. But while I write this letter -on the 25th of February, Pompey may have reached -Brundisium. He set out without baggage, and before -his legions, on the 19th from Luceria. But that -bogy-man has terrible wariness, speed and energy. -The future is a riddle to me.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>X<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 26</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I spoke to Dionysius in the frankest way, when -contrary to my expectations he arrived. I told him -how matters stood; asked him his intentions, and -said that I would not press him against his will. He -replied that he did not know where such money as he -owned was: that some creditors did not pay, that -other debts were not yet due. He said something -about his wretched slaves that would prevent his</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span></p> - -<p>esse non posset. Morem gessi; dimisi a me ut -magistrum Ciceronum non lubenter, ut hominem ingratum -non invitus. Volui te scire, et quid ego de -eius facto iudicarem.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -III -K. Mart. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Quod me magno animi motu perturbatum putas, -sum equidem, sed non tam magno, quam tibi fortasse -videor. Levatur enim omnis cura, cum aut constitit -consilium, aut cogitando nihil explicatur. Lamentari -autem licet illud quidem totos dies; sed vereor, ne, -nihil cum proficiam, etiam dedecori sim studiis ac litteris -nostris. Consumo igitur omne tempus considerans, -quanta vis sit illius viri, quem nostris libris satis -diligenter, ut tibi quidem videmur, expressimus. -Tenesne igitur moderatorem illum rei publicae quo -referre velimus omnia? Nam sic quinto, ut opinor, -in libro loquitur Scipio: "Ut enim gubernatori cursus -secundus, medico salus, imperatori victoria, sic -huic moderatori rei publicae beata civium vita proposita -est, ut opibus firma, copiis locuples, gloria ampla, -virtute honesta sit. Huius enim operis maximi inter -homines atque optimi illum esse perfectorem volo." -Hoc Gnaeus noster cum antea numquam tum in hac -causa minime cogitavit. Dominatio quaesita ab utroque -est, non id actum, beata et honesta civitas ut -esset. Nec vero ille urbem reliquit, quod eam tueri -non posset, nec Italiam, quod ea pelleretur, sed hoc -a primo cogitavit, omnes terras, omnia maria movere, -reges barbaros incitare, gentes feras armatas in Italiam</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span></p> - -<p>staying with me. I acquiesced, sorry to lose a -master for my boys; but glad to be rid of an ungrateful -fellow. I wanted you to know what happened -and my opinion of his conduct.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 27</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>As you suppose, I am in great anxiety of mind: -but it is not so great as you may imagine. I am rid -of care, as soon as resolve is fixed or thought proves -futile. Still I may lament my lot as I do all day long. -But I fear, since lamentation is idle, I disgrace my -philosophy and my works. So I spend my time considering -the character of the ideal statesman, who -is sketched clearly enough, you seem to think, in -my books on the Republic. You remember then the -standard by which our ideal governor was to weigh -his acts. Here are Scipio's words, in the 5th book, I -think it is: "As a safe voyage is the aim of the pilot, -health of the physician, victory of the general, so -the ideal statesman will aim at happiness for the -citizens of the state to give them material security, -copious wealth, wide-reaching distinction and untarnished -honour. This, the greatest and finest of -human achievements, I want him to perform." Pompey -never had this notion and least of all in the -present cause. Absolute power is what he and Caesar -have sought; their aim has not been to secure the -happiness and honour of the community. Pompey -has not abandoned Rome, because it was impossible to -defend, nor Italy on forced compulsion; but it was his -idea from the first to plunge the world into war, to -stir up barbarous princes, to bring savage tribes into</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span></p> - -<p>adducere, exercitus conficere maximos. Genus illud -Sullani regni iam pridem appetitur multis, qui una -sunt, cupientibus. An censes nihil inter eos convenire, -nullam pactionem fieri potuisse? Hodie -potest. Sed neutri σκοπὸς est ille, ut nos beati -simus; uterque regnare vult.</p> - -<p>Haec a te invitatus breviter exposui. Voluisti enim -me, quid, de his mails sentirem, ostendere. Προθεσπίζω -igitur, noster Attice, non hariolans ut illa, cui -nemo credidit, sed coniectura prospiciens:</p> - -<p class="center">"Iamque mari magno—" -</p> - -<p>non multo, inquam, secus possum vaticinari. Tanta -malorum impendet Ἰλιάς. Atque hoc nostra gravior -est causa, qui domi sumus, quam illorum, qui una -transierunt, quod illi quidem alterum metuunt, nos -utrumque. "Cur igitur," inquis, "remansimus?" Vel -tibi paruimus vel non occurrimus, vel hoc fuit rectius. -Conculcari, inquam, miseram Italiam videbis proxima -aestate aut utriusque in mancipiis ex omni genere -collectis, nec tam proscriptio pertimescenda, quae -Luceriae multis sermonibus denuntiata esse dicitur, -quam universae rei p. interitus. Tantas in confligendo -utriusque vires video futuras. Habes coniecturam -meam. Tu autem consolationis fortasse aliquid exspectasti. -Nihil invenio, nihil fieri potest miserius, -nihil perditius, nihil foedius.</p> - -<p>Quod quaeris, quid Caesar ad me scripserit, quod -saepe, gratissimum sibi esse, quod quierim, oratque, -in eo ut perseverem. Balbus minor haec eadem mandata. -Iter autem eius erat ad Lentulum consulem -cum litteris Caesaris praemiorumque promissis, si</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span></p> - -<p>Italy under arms, and to gather a huge army. A sort -of Sulla's reign has long been his object, and is the -desire of many of his companions. Or do you think -that no agreement, no compromise between him and -Caesar was possible? Why, it is possible to-day: -but neither of them looks to our happiness. Both -want to be kings.</p> - -<div class="sidenote-latin">Ennius, -<em>Alexander</em>.</div> - -<p>At your request I have given an outline of my views; -for you wanted an expression of my opinion on these -troubles. So I play the prophet, my dear Atticus, -not at random like Cassandra whom no one believed, -but with imaginative insight. "Now on the great -sea" my prophecy runs like the old tag: such an Iliad -of woe hangs over us. The case of us, who stay at home, -is worse than that of those who have gone with -Pompey, for they have only one to fear, while we -have both. You ask then, why I stay. Well, in -compliance with your request, or because I could not -meet Pompey on his departure, or because it was the -more honourable course. I say you will see poor Italy -trodden down next summer or in the hands of their -slaves drawn from every quarter of the globe. It will -not be a proscription (in spite of the talk and threats -we hear of at Luceria) which we shall have to dread, -but general destruction. So huge are the forces that -will join in the struggle. That is my prophecy. -Perhaps you looked for consolation. I see none: -we have reached the limit of misery, ruin and -disgrace.</p> - -<p>You inquire what Caesar said in his letter. The usual -thing, that my inaction pleases him, and he begs me -to maintain it. Balbus the younger brought the same -message by word of mouth. Balbus was travelling -to Lentulus the consul with letters from Caesar, and</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span></p> - -<p>Romam revertisset. Verum, cum habeo rationem -dierum, ante puto tramissurum, quam potuerit conveniri.</p> - -<p>Epistularum Pompei duarum, quas ad me misit, -neglegentiam meamque in rescribendo diligentiam -volui tibi notam esse. Earum exempla ad te misi.</p> - -<p>Caesaris hic per Apuliam ad Brundisium cursus -quid efficiat, exspecto. Utinam aliquid simile Parthicis -rebus! Simul aliquid audiero, scribam ad te. Tu -ad me velim bonorum sermones. Romae frequentes -esse dicuntur. Scio equidem te in publicum non prodire, -sed tamen audire te multa necesse est. Memini -librum tibi adferri a Demetrio Magnete ad te missum -[scio]<a name="FNanchor_69_69" id="FNanchor_69_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_69_69" class="fnanchor">[69]</a> περὶ ὁμονοίας. Eum mihi velim mittas. Vides, -quam causam mediter.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_69_69" id="Footnote_69_69"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69_69"><span class="label">[69]</span></a> scio <em>deleted by Wesenberg</em>.</p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIa<br /> - -CN. MAGNUS PROCOS. S. D. M. CICERONI IMP.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Luceriae -IV Id. Febr. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Q. Fabius ad me venit a. d. <span class="smcap">IIII</span> Idus Febr. Is -nuntiat L. Domitium cum suis cohortibus <span class="smcap">XII</span> et cum -cohortibus <span class="smcap">XIIII</span>, quas Vibullius adduxit, ad me iter -habere; habuisse in animo proficisci Corfinio a. d. <span class="smcap">V</span> -Idus Febr.; C. Hirrum cum <span class="smcap">V</span> cohortibus subsequi. -Censeo, ad nos Luceriam venias. Nam te hic tutissime -puto fore.</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span></p> - -<p>promises of reward, if he would go back to Rome. -Reckoning the days, however, I fancy Lepidus will -cross the sea, before Balbus can meet him.</p> - -<p>I send copies of Pompey's two dispatches to me. -Please note his careless style and my careful answer.</p> - -<p>I am waiting to see the result of this dash of Caesar's -on Brundisium through Apulia. I should like a repetition -of the Parthian incident.<a name="FNanchor_70_70" id="FNanchor_70_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_70_70" class="fnanchor">[70]</a> As soon as I get -any news, I will write. Please send me the talk of -the loyalists who are said to be numerous at Rome. -I know you do not go out, but talk must reach your -ears. I remember a book being given to you by -Demetrius of Magnesia. It was dedicated to you, -and bore the title <em>On Concord</em>. I should be glad if -you would let me have it. You see the part I am -studying.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_70_70" id="Footnote_70_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70_70"><span class="label">[70]</span></a> I.e. a sudden retreat. Cf. <span class="smcap">VI</span>, 6.</p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIa<br /> - -THE GREETINGS OF CN. MAGNUS PROCONSUL TO -CICERO THE IMPERATOR.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Luceria, -Feb. 10</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Q. Fabius came to me on the 10th of February. -He announces that L. Domitius with his twelve -cohorts and fourteen cohorts brought by Vibullius -is on the march towards me; that he intended to -leave Corfinium on the 9th of February and that C. -Hirrus with five cohorts follows behind. I think -you should come to me at Luceria, for here I imagine -will be your safest refuge.</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIb<br /> - -M. CICERO IMP. S. D. CN. MAGNO PROCOS.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Formiis -XIV K. -Mart. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>A. d. <span class="smcap">XV</span> Kalend. Martias Formiis accepi tuas litteras; -ex quibus ea, quae in agro Piceno gesta erant, -cognovi commodiora esse multo, quam ut erat nobis -nuntiatum, Vibullique virtutem industriamque libenter -agnovi.</p> - -<p>Nos adhuc in ea ora, ubi praepositi sumus, ita -fuimus, ut navem paratam haberemus. Ea enim audiebamus -et ea verebamur, ut, quodcumque tu consilium -cepisses, id nobis persequendum putaremus. -Nunc, quoniam auctoritate et consilio tuo in spe firmiore -sumus, si teneri posse putas Tarracinam et oram -maritimam, in ea manebo, etsi praesidia in oppidis -nulla sunt. Nemo enim nostri ordinis in his locis est -praeter M. Eppium, quem ego Menturnis esse volui, -vigilantem hominem et industrium. Nam L. Torquatum, -virum fortem et cum auctoritate, Formiis non -habemus, ad te profectum arbitramur.</p> - -<p>Ego omnino, ut proxime tibi placuerat, Capuam -veni eo ipso die, quo tu Teano Sidicino es profectus. -Volueras enim me cum M. Considio pro praetore illa -negotia tueri. Cum eo venissem, vidi T. Ampium -dilectum habere diligentissime, ab eo accipere Libonem, -summa item diligentia et in illa colonia auctoritate. -Fui Capuae, quoad consules. Iterum, ut erat -edictum a consulibus, veni Capuam ad Nonas Februar. -Cum fuissem triduum, recepi me Formias.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIb<br /> - -M. CICERO IMPERATOR GREETINGS TO CN. MAGNUS -PROCONSUL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Feb. 16</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>On the 15th of February I got your letter at Formiae. -I gather that matters in Picenum were much -more satisfactory than I had heard, and am glad to -learn of the bravery and energy of Vibullius.</p> - -<p>So far I have stayed on this coast where I was -given the command, but I have kept a boat ready. -For the news and my fears were such that I felt I -must follow any plan you should make. But now -your influence and your policy have encouraged me, I -will stay in the coast districts and Tarracina, if you -think that the district can be held. The towns, -however, are without garrison, for there is no member -of the Senate in the district except M. Eppius, a -man of foresight and energy, whom I desired to stay -at Menturnae. The gallant and influential L. Torquatus -is not at Formiae, but I fancy has set out to join -you.</p> - -<p>In entire accord with your latest instructions, I -went to Capua on the very day you left Teanum Sidicinum. -For you had desired me to take part with M. -Considius the propraetor in looking after things there. -On arrival I found that T. Ampius was holding a levy -with the greatest energy, and that the troops raised -were being taken over by Libo, a local man of energy -and influence. I stayed at Capua as long as the consuls. -Once again in accordance with instructions -from the consuls I went to Capua for the 5th of February. -After a stay of three days I returned to -Formiae.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span></p> - - -<p>Nunc quod tuum consilium aut quae ratio belli -sit, ignoro. Si tenendam hanc oram putas, quae et -oportunitatem et dignitatem habet et egregios cives, -et, ut arbitror, teneri potest, opus est esse, qui praesit; -sin omnia in unum locum contrahenda sunt, non -dubito, quin ad te statim veniam, quo mihi nihil optatius -est, idque tecum, quo die ab urbe discessimus, -locutus sum. Ego, si cui adhuc videor segnior fuisse, -dum ne tibi videar, non laboro, et tamen, si, ut video, -bellum gerendum est, confido me omnibus facile satis -facturum. M. Tullium, meum necessarium, ad te -misi, cui tu, si tibi videretur, ad me litteras dares.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIc<br /> - -CN. MAGNUS PROCOS. S. D. M. CICERONI IMP.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Canusi -X K. Mart. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>S. V. B. Tuas litteras libenter legi. Recognovi -enim tuam pristinam virtutem etiam in salute communi. -Consules ad eum exercitum, quem in Apulia -habui, venerunt. Magno opere te hortor pro tuo singulari -perpetuoque studio in rem publicam, ut te ad -nos conferas, ut communi consilio rei publicae adflictae -opem atque auxilium feramus. Censeo, via Appia -iter facias et celeriter Brundisium venias.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XId<br /> - -M. CICERO IMP. S. D. CN. MAGNO PROCOS.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Formiis -III K. Mart. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Cum ad te litteras misissem, quae tibi Canusi redditae -sunt, suspicionem nullam habebam te rei publicae</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span></p> - - -<p>At the present moment I do not know what are -your ideas and plan of campaign. If you think that -this coast should be held—and Capua has a good position -and is an important town, not to speak of its loyal -inhabitants, and to my mind tenable—a commander -is wanted. If your plan is concentration, I will come -to you at once without hesitation. Nothing would -delight me more, and I told you so on the day of our -departure from Rome. I do not trouble about criticisms -of inactivity from anyone but yourself. If, as I -foresee, war is inevitable, I feel I can easily satisfy -every criticism. I have sent my relative M. Tullius -in case you may wish to send a reply.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIc<br /> - -CN. MAGNUS PROCONSUL SENDS GREETINGS TO -CICERO IMPERATOR.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Canusium, -Febr. 20</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I hope you are well. I was glad to read your letter, -for once again I recognized your tried courage in the -interests of public safety. The consuls have joined -my army in Apulia. I beg you earnestly in the -name of your exceptional and continued zeal for the -state to join me as well, so that we may plan together -to benefit and assist the state in her sore straits. I -hold that you should travel by the Appian road and -come with speed to Brundisium.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XId<br /> - -M. CICERO IMPERATOR SENDS GREETINGS TO CN. MAGNUS, -PROCONSUL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Febr. 27</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>When I sent you the letter which was delivered -to you at Canusium, I had no idea that the state's</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span></p> - -<p>causa mare transiturum eramque in spe magna -fore ut in Italia possemus aut concordiam constituere -qua mihi nihil utilius videbatur, aut rem publicam -summa cum dignitate defendere. Interim nondum -meis litteris ad te perlatis ex iis mandatis, quae D. -Laelio ad consules dederas, certior tui consilii factus -non exspectavi, dum mihi a te litterae redderentur, -confestimque cum Quinto fratre et cum liberis nostris -iter ad te in Apuliam facere coepi. Cum Teanum -Sidicinum venissem, C. Messius, familiaris tuus, mihi -dixit aliique complures Caesarem iter habere Capuam -et eo ipso die mansurum esse Aeserniae, Sane sum -commotus, quod, si ita esset, non modo iter meum -interclusum, sed me ipsum plane exceptum putabam. -Itaque tum Cales processi, ut ibi potissimum consisterem, -dum certum nobis ab Aesernia de eo, quod -audieram, referretur.</p> - -<p>At mihi, cum Calibus essem, adfertur litterarum -tuarum exemplum, quas tu ad Lentulum consulem -misisses. Hae scriptae sic erant, litteras tibi a L. -Domitio a. d. <span class="smcap">XIII</span> Kal. Martias allatas esse (earumque -exemplum subscripseras); magnique interesse rei -publicae scripseras omnes copias primo quoque tempore -in unum locum convenire, et ut, praesidio quod -satis esset, Capuae relinqueret. His ego litteris lectis -in eadem opinione fui qua reliqui omnes, te cum -omnibus copiis ad Corfinium esse venturum; quo -mihi, cum Caesar ad oppidum castra haberet, tutum -iter esse non abritrabar.</p> - -<p>Cum res in summa exspectatione esset, utrumque -simul audivimus, et quae Corfini acta essent, et te iter -Brundisium facere coepisse; cumque nec mihi nec -fratri meo dubium esset, quin Brundisium contenderemus,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span></p> - -<p>welfare would drive you to flight across the seas, and -I had great hopes that it might be in Italy we should -either conclude peace (the wisest course to my mind) -or fight for the state with honour untarnished. My -letter cannot have reached you yet, but from the -message which you entrusted to D. Laelius for the -consuls I learnt of your plans. I did not wait for a -reply to my letter, but forthwith set out along with -my brother Quintus and the children to join you in -Apulia. On arrival at Teanum Sidicinum I was told -by your friend C. Messius, and many other people, -that Caesar was on his way to Capua, and would -bivouac that very day at Aesernia. I was really -startled, as it occurred to me, that, if that was so, my -road was closed, and I myself was quite captured. So I -went to Cales, choosing that particular place to stay -at, till I should get certain news from Aesernia as to -the rumour I had heard.</p> - -<p>At Cales I received a copy of your letter to -Lentulus the consul. Its purport was that you had -got a letter (of which you subjoined a copy) from L. -Domitius on the 17th of February, and you considered -it of the greatest public importance to concentrate -your forces on the earliest possible occasion, -and that a sufficient garrison should be left at Capua. -On the perusal of this dispatch I agreed with others -in supposing that you would come in full force to -Corfinium. As Caesar was encamped against the -town, I considered the road thither was not safe -for me.</p> - -<p>Anxiously awaiting news, I heard two reports at -the same time: news of the affair of Corfinium, and -that you were coming to Brundisium. Neither I nor -my brother had any hesitation about starting for</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span></p> - -<p>a multis, qui e Samnio Apuliaque veniebant, -admoniti sumus, ut caveremus, ne exciperemur a -Caesare, quod is in eadem loca, quae nos petebamus, -profectus celerius etiam, quam nos possemus, eo, quo -intenderet, venturus esset. Quod cum ita esset, nec -mihi nec fratri meo nec cuiquam amicorum placuit -committere, ut temeritas nostra non solum nobis, sed -etiam rei publicae noceret, cum praesertim non -dubitaremus, quin, si etiam tutum nobis iter fuisset, -te tamen iam consequi non possemus.</p> - -<p>Interim accepimus tuas litteras Canusio a. d. <span class="smcap">X</span> K. -Martias datas, quibus nos hortaris, ut celerius Brundisium -veniamus. Quas cum accepissemus a. d. <span class="smcap">III</span> K. -Martias, non dubitabamus, quin tu iam Brundisium -pervenisses, nobisque iter illud omnino interclusum -videbamus neque minus nos esse captos, quam qui -Corfini fuissent. Neque enim eos solos arbitrabamur -capi, qui in armatorum manus incidissent, sed ecs -nihilo minus, qui regionibus exclusi intra praesidia -atque intra arma aliena venissent.</p> - -<p>Quod cum ita sit, maxime vellem primum semper -tecum fuissem; quod quidem tibi ostenderam, cum a -me Capuam reiciebam. Quod feci non vitandi oneris -causa, sed quod videbam teneri illam urbem sine -exercitu non posse, accidere autem mihi nolebam, -quod doleo viris fortissimis accidisse. Quoniam -autem, tecum ut essem, non contigit, utinam tui -consilii certior factus essem! Nam suspicione adsequi -non potui, quod omnia prius arbitratus sum fore, quam -ut haec rei publicae causa in Italia non posset duce -te consistere. Neque vero nunc consilium tuum reprehendo, -sed fortunam rei publicae lugeo nec, si</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span></p> - -<p>Brundisium, when many travellers from Samnium and -Apulia warned us to beware of capture, because -Caesar had set out for the same destination, and was -likely to reach there quicker than ourselves. Under -those circumstances, I, my brother and our friends -were reluctant to allow any rashness of ours to damage -the state as well as ourselves. Moreover, we -were sure that, even if our path were clear, we could -not overtake you.</p> - -<p>Meanwhile I got a letter from you dated at -Canusium, of the 20th of February, in which you -urged me to hasten to Brundisium. Receiving this -on the 27th, I felt confident you must have arrived -at Brundisium, and I saw that our road was quite cut -off and we were as completely captured as the people -at Corfinium, for I do not only consider captured those -who fall into the hands of armed bands, but equally -those who, being shut off from a district, find themselves -hedged between a garrison and an enemy in -the field.</p> - -<p>This being so, my first and chiefest wish is that I -had stayed with you all the time. I showed you as -much when I gave up command at Capua. I did so, -not to shirk my duty, but because I saw that the -city could not be held without troops, and I was reluctant -to suffer the fate which I am sorry to hear has -befallen some very brave men. Since, however, I -have not had the fortune to be with you, would that -I were acquainted with your plans, for I cannot -imagine them, having hitherto thought that the last -thing to happen would be that the national cause -would not hold its own in Italy under your leadership. -I do not criticize your plan, but I bewail the -misfortunes of the state. If I cannot guess your</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span></p> - -<p>ego, quid tu sis secutus, non perspicio, idcirco minus -existimo te nihil nisi summa ratione fecisse.</p> - -<p>Mea quae semper fuerit sententia primum de pace -vel iniqua condicione retinenda, deinde de urbe (nam -de Italia quidem nihil mihi umquam ostenderas), meminisse -te arbitror. Sed mihi non sumo, ut meum -consilium valere debuerit; secutus sum tuum neque -id rei publicae causa, de qua desperavi, quae et nunc -adflicta est nec excitari sine civili perniciosissimo -bello potest, sed te quaerebam, tecum esse cupiebam -neque eius rei facultatem, si quae erit, praetermittam.</p> - -<p>Ego me in hac omni causa facile intellegebam pugnandi -cupidis hominibus non satis facere. Primum -enim prae me tuli me nihil malle quam pacem, non -quin eadem timerem quae illi, sed ea bello civili -leviora ducebam. Deinde suscepto bello, cum pacis -condiciones ad te adferri a teque ad eas honorifice et -large responderi viderem, duxi meam rationem; quam -tibi facile me probaturum pro tuo in me beneficio -arbitrabar. Memineram me esse unum, qui pro meis -maximis in rem publicam meritis supplicia miserrima -et crudelissima pertulissem, me esse unum, qui, si -offendissem eius animum, cui tum, cum iam in armis -essemus, consulatus tamen alter et triumphus amplissimus -deferebatur, subicerer eisdem proeliis, ut mea -persona semper ad improborum civium impetus aliquid -videretur habere populare. Atque haec non -ego prius sum suspicatus, quam mihi palam denuntiata -sunt, neque ea tam pertimui, si subeunda essent, -quam declinanda putavi, si honeste vitare possem. -Quam brevem illius temporis, dum in spe pax fuit,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span></p> - -<p>policy, I still suppose that you have done nothing -without cogent reasons.</p> - -<p>I think you remember that my vote has always -been for peace, even on poor terms, and secondly -for holding the city. As to Italy you gave me no -inkling. I do not claim that my policy should have -prevailed. I followed yours, not indeed for the sake -of the state, of which I despaired and which even now -lies in ruin and cannot be restored without a most -calamitous civil war, but I wanted you, I longed to -be with you, nor will I omit any opportunity that may -occur of attaining my wish.</p> - -<p>In the whole of this crisis I was well aware that -my policy of peace did not please the advocates of -war. In the first place I professed to prefer peace -above all things, not because I had not the same fears -as they had, but because I counted those fears of less -moment than intestine war. Then indeed, after war -had begun, when I saw terms of peace offered to you, -and met by you in an honourable and generous way, -I began to consider what my own interests were. -That line of conduct I suppose your kindness will -easily excuse. I remembered that I was the one man -of all others who had suffered most cruel misery and -punishment for the greatest services to the state; -that I was the one man who, if I had offended Caesar -(Caesar to whom was offered even on the eve of -battle a second consulship and a princely triumph), -would be subjected to the same struggle as before; -for a personal attack on me seems to be always popular -with the disloyal. This idea only came to me after -open threats. It was not persecution I feared, if -it were inevitable, but I thought I should seek any -escape that honour could allow. There is an outline</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span></p> - -<p>rationem nostram vides, reliqui facultatem res ademit. -Iis autem, quibus non satis facio, facile respondeo. -Neque enim ego amicior C. Caesari umquam fui quam -illi neque illi amiciores rei publicae quam ego. Hoc -inter me et illos interest, quod, cum et illi cives -optimi sint, et ego ab ista laude non absim, ego condicionibus, -quod idem te intellexeram velle, illi armis -disceptari maluerunt. Quae quoniam ratio vicit, -perficiam profecto, ut neque res publica civis a me -animum neque tu amici desideres.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Formiis -prid. K. -Mart. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Mihi molestior lippitudo erat etiam, quam ante -fuerat. Dictare tamen hanc epistulam malui quam -Gallo Fadio amantissimo utriusque nostrum nihil ad -te litterarum dare. Nam pridie quidem, quoquo -modo potueram, scripseram ipse eas litteras, quarum -vaticinationem falsam esse cupio. Huius autem -epistulae non solum ea causa est, ut ne quis a me dies -intermittatur, quin dem ad te litteras, sed etiam haec -iustior, ut a te impetrarem, ut sumeres aliquid temporis, -quo quia tibi perexiguo opus est, explicari -mihi tuum consilium plane volo, ut penitus intellegam.</p> - -<p>Omnia sunt integra nobis; nihil praetermissum est, -quod non habeat sapientem excusationem, non modo -probabilem. Nam certe neque tum peccavi, cum</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span></p> - -<p>of my policy while there was hope of peace; its -fulfilment was cut short by circumstances. I have -an easy reply to my critics. I have never been -more friendly to Caesar than they, and they are not -more friendly to the state than I. The difference -between them and me is this: they are loyal citizens, -and I too deserve the title, but I wanted settlement -on terms which I understood you also desired, and -they wanted settlement by arms. Since their policy -has won, I will do my best that the state may not -find me fail in the duties of a citizen, nor you in the -duties of a friend.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -Febr. 28</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I am even more troubled by inflammation of the -eyes than I was before. Still I prefer to dictate this -letter, rather than let Gallus Fadius, who has a -sincere regard for us both, have no letter to give you. -Yesterday I wrote myself to the best of my ability a -letter containing prognostications, which I hope may -prove false. One excuse for the present missive is -my desire to let no day pass without communicating -with you, but there is a still more reasonable excuse, -to beg you to devote a little time to my case, and, as it -will be a short business, I hope you will explain your -view thoroughly and make it quite intelligible to -me.</p> - -<p>I have not committed myself at all. There has -been no omission on my part for which I cannot give -not merely a plausible but a reasonable excuse. -Assuredly I was not guilty of any fault, when, to avoid</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span></p> - -<p>imparatam Capuam non solum ignaviae dedecus, sed -etiam perfidiae suspicionem fugiens accipere nolui, -neque cum post condiciones pacis per L. Caesarem -et L. Fabatum allatas cavi, ne animum eius offenderem, -cui Pompeius iam armatus armato consulatum -triumphumque deferret. Nec vero haec extrema -quisquam potest iure reprehendere, quod mare non -transierim. Id enim, etsi erat deliberationis, tamen -obire non potui. Neque enim suspicari debui, praesertim -cum ex ipsius Pompei litteris, idem quod video -te existimasse, non dubitarim, quin is Domitio subventurus -esset, et plane, quid rectum et quid faciendum -mihi esset, diutius cogitare malui.</p> - -<p>Primum igitur, haec qualia tibi esse videantur, etsi -significata sunt a te, tamen accuratius mihi perscribas -velim, deinde aliquid etiam in posterum prospicias -fingasque, quem me esse deceat, et ubi me plurimum -prodesse rei publicae sentias, ecquae pacifica persona -desideretur an in bellatore sint omnia.</p> - -<p>Atque ego, qui omnia officio metior, recordor -tamen tua consilia; quibus si paruissem, tristitiam -illorum temporum non subissem. Memini, quid mihi -tum suaseris per Theophanem, per Culleonem, idque -saepe ingemiscens sum recordatus. Quare nunc -saltem ad illos calculos revertamur, quos tum abiecimus, -ut non solum gloriosis consiliis utamur, sed -etiam paulo salubrioribus. Sed nihil praescribo; -accurate velim perscribas tuam ad me sententiam. -Volo etiam exquiras, quam diligentissime poteris</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span></p> - -<p>blame for cowardice and the charge of treachery to -boot, I refused to take over Capua in its unprepared -state. Nor am I to blame, when, after L. Caesar and -L. Fabatus had brought terms of peace, I took precautions -not to incur the enmity of a man to whom -Pompey was offering the consulship and a triumph, -when both were under arms. Finally I cannot rightly -be called to account for not crossing the sea: for, -though that was a course which was worthy of consideration, -still I could not keep Pompey's appointment. -Nor could I guess his policy, especially as -from his own letter, as I see you inferred, I had no -idea that he would fail to relieve Domitius. And -certainly I wanted time to consider what was right -and what I ought to do.</p> - -<p>Firstly, then, I wish you would write me a careful -account of your views, though you have already outlined -them, and secondly that you would glance at -the future, and give me an idea of what course you -think would become me, where you suppose I can -serve the state best, and whether the part of a man -of peace is required at all, or whether everything -depends on a fighter.</p> - -<p>And I, who test everything by the standard of -duty, yet remember your advice. Had I followed it, -I should have been saved from the wretchedness of -that crisis in my life. I call to mind the counsel you -sent me then by Theophanes and Culleo, and the -memory of it often makes me groan. So let me now at -last go over the old reckoning which then I cast aside, -to the end that I may follow a plan, which has in view -not only glory, but also some measure of safety. -However, I make no conditions: please give me your -candid opinion. And please use your best energies to</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span></p> - -<p>(habebis autem, per quos possis), quid Lentulus -noster, quid Domitius agat, quid acturus sit, quem -ad modum nunc se gerant, num quem accusent, num -cui suscenseant—quid dico num cui? num Pompeio. -Omnino culpam omnem Pompeius in Domitium confert, -quod ipsius litteris cognosci potest, quarum -exemplum ad te misi. Haec igitur videbis, et, quod -ad te ante scripsi, Demetri Magnetis librum, quem -ad te misit de concordia, velim mihi mittas.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIIa<br /> - -CN. MAGNUS PROCOS. S. D. C. MARCELLO, L. LENTULO COSS.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. -Luceriae -XIII aut -XII K. -Mart. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Ego, quod existimabam dispersos nos neque rei -publicae utiles neque nobis praesidio esse posse, idcirco -ad L. Domitium litteras misi, primum uti ipse -cum omni copia ad nos veniret; si de se dubitaret, ut -cohortes <span class="smcap">XVIIII</span>, quae ex Piceno ad me iter habebant, -ad nos mitteret. Quod veritus sum, factum est, ut -Domitius implicaretur et neque ipse satis firmus esset -ad castra facienda, quod meas <span class="smcap">XVIIII</span> et suas <span class="smcap">XII</span> cohortes -tribus in oppidis distributas haberet (nam -partim Albae, partim Sulmone collocavit), neque se, -si vellet, expedire posset.</p> - -<p>Nunc scitote me esse in summa sollicitudine. Nam -et tot et tales viros periculo obsidionis liberare cupio -neque subsidio ire possum, quod his duabus legionibus</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span></p> - -<p>inquire (for you have suitable agents) what our friend -Lentulus and what Domitius is doing, what they -intend to do, what is their present attitude, whether -they blame or are annoyed with anyone—why do I -say anyone?—I mean Pompey. Pompey does not -hesitate to put the whole blame on Domitius, as can be -inferred from his letter, of which I send you a copy. -So please consider these points, and, as I wrote you -before, kindly send me that volume <em>On Concord</em>, -by Demetrius of Magnesia, which he sent to you.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIIa<br /> - -CN. MAGNUS PROCONSUL SENDS GREETING TO THE CONSULS -C. MARCELLUS AND L. LENTULUS.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Luceria, -Feb. 17 or -18</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>As I considered that with divided forces we could -be of no service to the state and no protection to -one another, I sent a dispatch to L. Domitius to -come to me at once with all his forces, and that, if -he was dubious about himself, he should send me the -nineteen cohorts, which as a matter of fact were -on the march to me from Picenum. My fears have -been realized. Domitius has been trapped and is -not strong enough himself to pitch a camp, because -he has my nineteen and his own twelve cohorts -scattered in three towns (for some he has stationed -at Alba and some at Sulmo), and he is unable to free -himself even if he wished.</p> - -<p>I must inform you that this has caused me the -greatest anxiety. I am anxious to free men so -numerous and of such importance from the danger -of a siege, and I cannot go to their assistance, -because I do not think that I can trust these two</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span></p> - -<p>non puto esse committendum, ut illuc ducantur, -ex quibus tamen non amplius <span class="smcap">XIIII</span> cohortes contrahere -potui, quod duas Brundisium misi neque -Canusium sine praesidio, dum abessem, putavi esse -dimittendum.</p> - -<p>D. Laelio mandaram, quod maiores copias sperabam -nos habituros, ut, si vobis videretur, alter uter vestrum -ad me veniret, alter in Siciliam cum ea copia, -quam Capuae et circum Capuam comparastis, et cum -iis militibus, quos Faustus legit, proficisceretur, -Domitius cum <span class="smcap">XII</span> suis cohortibus eodem adiungeretur, -reliquae copiae omnes Brundisium cogerentur et inde -navibus Dyrrachium transportarentur. Nunc, cum -hoc tempore nihilo magis ego quam vos subsidio -Domitio ire possim, ... se per montes explicare -non est nobis committendum, ut ad has <span class="smcap">XIIII</span> cohortes, -quas dubio animo habeo, hostis accedere aut in -itinere me consequi possit.</p> - -<p>Quam ob rem placitum est mihi (talia video<a name="FNanchor_71_71" id="FNanchor_71_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_71_71" class="fnanchor">[71]</a> -censeri M. Marcello et ceteris nostri ordinis, qui -hic sunt), ut Brundisium ducerem hanc copiam, quam -mecum habeo. Vos hortor, ut, quodcumque militum -contrahere poteritis, contrahatis et eodem Brundisium -veniatis quam primum. Arma quae ad me missuri -eratis, iis censeo armetis milites, quos vobiscum habetis. -Quae arma superabunt, ea si Brundisium iumentis -deportaritis, vehementer rei publicae profueritis. -De hac re velim nostros certiores faciatis. Ego ad -P. Lupum et C. Coponium praetores misi, ut se vobis -coniungerent, et militum quod haberent ad vos deducerent.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_71_71" id="Footnote_71_71"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71_71"><span class="label">[71]</span></a> talia video <em>Tyrrell</em>; altia video <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span></p> - -<p>legions to march to that place: moreover I have -not been able to bring together more than fourteen -cohorts of them, because two were sent to Brundisium, -and Canusium to my mind could not be left -without a garrison in my absence.</p> - -<p>Hoping to collect larger forces I instructed D. Laelius, -that with your approval one of you should come -to me, and the other set out for Sicily with the force -you have collected at Capua and in the neighbourhood, -and with Faustus' recruits; that Domitius with his -twelve cohorts should join up, and all the other -troops should concentrate at Brundisium, and from -thence be taken by sea to Dyrrachium. Now, since -at the present time I am no more able than yourselves -to go to Domitius' assistance [and it remains -for him]<a name="FNanchor_72_72" id="FNanchor_72_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_72_72" class="fnanchor">[72]</a> to extricate himself by the mountain route, -I must take steps that the enemy may not meet my -fourteen doubtful cohorts or overtake me on the -march.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_72_72" id="Footnote_72_72"></a><a href="#FNanchor_72_72"><span class="label">[72]</span></a> Some words appear to be missing here.</p></div> - -<p>Accordingly—and I see M. Marcellus and other -members of the House who are here approve—I am -resolved to lead my present forces to Brundisium. -You I urge to concentrate all the forces you can -and to come with them to Brundisium at the first -opportunity. I consider that the arms which you -meant to send to me should be used to arm your -troops. If you will have the remaining arms carted -to Brundisium, you will have done the state -great service. Please give these instructions to my -supporters. I am sending word to the praetors, -P. Lupus and C. Coponius, to join you with whatever -soldiery they have.</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIIb<br /> - -CN. MAGNUS PROCOS. S. D. L. DOMITIO PROCOS.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. -Luceriae -III aut -prid. Id. -Febr. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Valde miror te ad me nihil scribere et potius ab -aliis quam a te de re publica me certiorem fieri. Nos -disiecta manu pares adversario esse non possumus; -contractis nostris copiis spero nos et rei publicae et -communi saluti prodesse posse. Quam ob rem, cum -constituisses, ut Vibullius mihi scripserat, a. d. <span class="smcap">V</span> Id. -Febr. Corfinio proficisci cum exercitu et ad me -venire, miror, quid causae fuerit, quare consilium -mutaris. Nam illa causa, quam mihi Vibullius scribit, -levis est, te propterea moratum esse, quod audieris -Caesarem Firmo progressum in Castrum Truentinum -venisse. Quanto enim magis appropinquare adversarius -coepit, eo tibi celerius agendum erat, ut te -mecum coniungeres, priusquam Caesar aut tuum iter -impedire aut me abs te excludere posset.</p> - -<p>Quam ob rem etiam atque etiam te rogo et hortor, -id quod non destiti superioribus litteris a te petere, -ut primo quoque die Luceriam ad me venires, antequam -copiae, quas instituit Caesar contrahere, in -unum locum coactae vos a nobis distrahant. Sed, si -erunt, qui te impediant, ut villas suas servent, -aequum est me a te impetrare, ut cohortes, quae -ex Piceno et Camerino venerunt, quae fortunas suas -reliquerunt, ad me missum facias.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIIb<br /> - -GREETINGS FROM CN. MAGNUS PROCONSUL TO -L. DOMITIUS PROCONSUL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Luceria, -Feb. 11 or -12</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I am greatly astonished that you send me no -letters, and that I am kept informed of the political -situation by others rather than yourself. With -divided forces we cannot hope to cope with the -enemy: united, I trust we may do something for the -safety of our country. Wherefore, as you had -arranged, according to Vibullius' letter, to start -with your army from Corfinium on the 9th of -February and to come to me, I wonder what reason -there has been for your change of plan. The reason -mentioned by Vibullius is trivial, namely that you -were delayed on hearing that Caesar had left -Firmum and arrived at Castrum Truentinum. For -the nearer our enemy begins to approach, the -quicker you ought to have joined forces with me, -before Caesar could obstruct your march or cut me -off from you.</p> - -<p>Wherefore again and again I entreat and exhort -you—as I did in my previous letter—to come to -Luceria on the first possible day, before the forces -which Caesar has begun to collect can concentrate -and divide us. But, if people try to keep you -back to protect their country seats, I must ask you -to dispatch to me the cohorts, which have come -from Picenum and Camerinum abandoning their own -interests.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIIc<br /> - -CN. MAGNUS PROCOS. S. D. L. DOMITIO PROCOS.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. -Luceriae -XIV K. -Mart. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Litteras abs te M. Calenius ad me attulit a d. <span class="smcap">XIIII</span> -Kal. Martias; in quibus litteris scribis tibi in animo -esse observare Caesarem, et, si secundum mare ad me -ire coepisset, confestim in Samnium ad me venturum, -sin autem ille circum istaec loca commoraretur, te ei, -si propius accessisset, resistere velle.</p> - -<p>Te animo magno et forti istam rem agere existimo, -sed diligentius nobis est videndum, ne distracti -pares esse adversario non possimus, cum ille magnas -copias habeat et maiores brevi habiturus sit. Non -enim pro tua prudentia debes illud solum animadvertere, -quot in praesentia cohortes contra te habeat -Caesar, sed quantas brevi tempore equitum et peditum -copias contracturus sit. Cui rei testimonio sunt -litterae, quas Bussenius ad me misit; in quibus scribit, -id quod ab aliis quoque mihi scribitur, praesidia -Curionem, quae in Umbria et Tuscis erant, contrahere -et ad Caesarem iter facere. Quae si copiae in unum -locum fuerint coactae, ut pars exercitus ad Albam -mittatur, pars ad te accedat, ut non pugnet, sed locis -suis repugnet, haerebis, neque solus cum ista copia -tantam multitudinem sustinere poteris, ut frumentatum -eas.</p> - -<p>Quam ob rem te magno opere hortor, ut quam -primum cum omnibus copiis hoc venias. Consules -constituerunt idem facere. Ego M. Tuscilio ad te</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIIc<br /> - -CN. MAGNUS PROCONSUL SENDS GREETING TO -L. DOMITIUS PROCONSUL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Luceria, -Feb. 16</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>M. Calenius has brought me a letter from you -dated the 16th of February, in which you express -the intention of watching Caesar and hurrying to -join me in Samnium, if he shall begin to march -against me along the coast: but, if he linger in your -neighbourhood, you say you wish to oppose his nearer -advance.</p> - -<p>To my mind your policy is ambitious and brave, -but we must take great care that, if divided, we -may not be outmatched by the enemy, since Caesar -has numerous troops and in a short time will have -more. A man of your judgement ought to bear in -mind not only the size of Caesar's present array -against you but the number of infantry and cavalry -that he will soon collect. Evidence of that contingency -is in the letter which Bussenius dispatched to -me, and it agrees with the missives from others in -stating that Curio is concentrating the garrisons -which were in Umbria and Etruria and marching -to join Caesar. With these forces combined, though -one division may be sent to Alba, and another advance -on you, and though Caesar may refrain from the -offensive and be content to defend his position, still -you will be in a fix, nor will you be able with your -following to make sufficient head against such numbers -to allow of your sending out foraging parties.</p> - -<p>Therefore I beg you earnestly to come here on the -first opportunity with all your forces. The consuls -have decided to do the same. I have instructed</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span></p> - -<p>mandata dedi providendum esse, ne duae legiones sine -Picentinis cohortibus in conspectum Caesaris committerentur. -Quam ob rem nolito commoveri, si audieris -me regredi, si forte Caesar ad me veniet; cavendum -enim puto esse, ne implicatus haeream. Nam neque -castra propter anni tempus et militum animos facere -possum, neque ex omnibus oppidis contrahere copias -expedit, ne receptum amittam. Itaque non amplius -xiiii cohortes Luceriam coegi. Consules praesidia -omnia deducturi sunt aut in Siciliam ituri. Nam aut -exercitum firmum habere oportet, quo confidamus perrumpere -nos posse, aut regiones eius modi obtinere, -e quibus repugnemus; id quod neutrum nobis hoc -tempore contigit, quod et magnam partem Italiae -Caesar occupavit, et nos non habemus exercitum tam -amplum neque tam magnum quam ille. Itaque nobis -providendum est, ut summam rei publicae rationem -habeamus. Etiam atque etiam te hortor, ut cum -omni copia quam primum ad me venias. Possumus -etiam nunc rem publicam erigere, si communi consilio -negotium administrabimus; si distrahemur, -infirmi erimus. Mihi hoc constitutum est.</p> - -<p>His litteris scriptis Sicca abs te mihi litteras et -mandata attulit. Quod me hortare, ut istuc veniam, -id me facere non arbitror posse, quod non magno -opere his legionibus confido.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIId<br /> - -CN. MAGNUS PROCOS. S. D. L. DOMITIO PROCOS.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Luceriae -XIII K. -Mart. 705</em></div> - -<p>Litterae mihi a te redditae sunt a. d. <span class="smcap">XIII</span> Kal. -Martias, in quibus scribis Caesarem apud Corfinium</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span></p> - -<p>M. Tuscilius to tell you that we must beware -lest the two legions without the cohorts from -Picenum come within sight of Caesar. Accordingly -do not be disturbed if you hear of my retreat in -the face of Caesar's possible advance, for I consider -that I must take every step to avoid being -trapped. The season of the year and the spirit of -my troops prevents me from making a camp; nor -is it wise to collect the garrisons from all the towns, -lest room for retreat be lost. So I have not mustered -more than fourteen cohorts at Luceria. The -consuls will bring in all their garrisons to me or -start for Sicily. We must either have an army strong -enough to allow of our breaking through the enemy's -lines, or get and hold localities we can defend. At -the present moment we have neither of those advantages: -a large part of Italy is held by Caesar, and -our army is neither so well equipped nor so large as -his. We must therefore take care to look to the -main issue. Again and again I beg you to come to -me as soon as possible with all your forces. Even -now the constitution may be restored, if we take -common counsel in our action. Division means -weakness: of that I am positive.</p> - -<p>After I had written my letter Sicca brought me -a dispatch and message from you. I fear I cannot -comply with your request for assistance, because I -do not put much trust in these legions.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIId<br /> - -CN. MAGNUS PROCONSUL SENDS SALUTATION TO DOMITIUS -PROCONSUL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Luceria -Feb. 17</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>A dispatch from you reached me on the 17th of -February saying that Caesar had pitched his camp in</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span></p> - -<p>castra posuisse. Quod putavi et praemonui, fit, ut -nec in praesentia committere tecum proelium velit et -omnibus copiis conductis te implicet, ne ad me iter -tibi expeditum sit atque istas copias coniungere optimorum -civium possis cum his legionibus, de quarum -voluntate dubitamus. Quo etiam magis tuis litteris -sum commotus. Neque enim eorum militum, quos -mecum habeo, voluntate satis confido, ut de omnibus -fortunis rei publicae dimicem, neque etiam, qui ex -dilectibus conscripti sunt consulibus, convenerunt.</p> - -<p>Quare da operam, si ulla ratione etiam nunc efficere -potes, ut te explices, hoc quam primum venias, -antequam omnes copiae ad adversarium conveniant. -Neque enim celeriter ex dilectibus hoc homines convenire -possunt, et, si convenirent, quantum iis committendum -sit, qui inter se ne noti quidem sunt, contra -veteranas legiones, non te praeterit.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Formiis -K. Mart. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Lippitudinis meae signum tibi sit librarii manus -et eadem causa brevitatis; etsi nunc quidem, quod -scriberem, nihil erat. Omnis exspectatio nostra erat -in nuntiis Brundisinis. Si nanctus hic esset Gnaeum -nostrum, spes dubia pacis, sin ille ante tramisisset, -exitiosi belli metus. Sed videsne, in quem hominem -inciderit res publica, quam acutum, quam vigilantem, -quam paratum? Si mehercule neminem occiderit nec -cuiquam quicquam ademerit, ab iis, qui eum maxime -timuerant, maxime diligetur. Multum mecum municipales -homines loquuntur, multum rusticani; nihil</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span></p> - -<p>the neighbourhood of Corfinium. What I expected -and foretold has happened: he refuses to meet you -in the field at present, and he is hemming you in with -all his forces concentrated, so that the road may not be -clear for you to join me and unite your loyal contingent -with my legions whose allegiance is questionable. -Consequently I am all the more upset by your dispatch: -for I cannot place sufficient confidence in the -loyalty of my men to risk a decisive engagement, -nor have the levies recruited for the consuls come here.</p> - -<p>So do your best, if any tactics can extricate you -even now, to join me as soon as possible before our -enemy can concentrate all his forces. The levies cannot -reach here at an early date, and, even if they were -concentrated, you must see how little trust can be put -in troops, which do not even know one another by -sight, when facing a veteran army.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 1</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Let my secretary's handwriting be proof that I am -suffering from inflammation of the eyes, and that is -my reason for brevity, though now to be sure I have -no news. I depend entirely on news from Brundisium. -If Caesar has come up with our friend Pompey, there -is some slight hope of peace: but, if Pompey has crossed -the sea, we must look for war and massacre. Do you -see the kind of man into whose hands the state has -fallen? What foresight, what energy, what readiness! -Upon my word, if he refrain from murder and rapine, -he will be the darling of those who dreaded him most. -The people of the country towns and the farmers -talk to me a great deal. They care for nothing at all</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span></p> - -<p>prorsus aliud curant nisi agros, nisi villulas, nisi nummulos -suos. Et vide, quam conversa res sit; illum, -quo antea confidebant, metuunt, hunc amant, quem -timebant. Id quantis nostris peccatis vitiisque evenerit, -non possum sine molestia cogitare. Quae -autem impendere putarem, scripseram ad te et iam -tuas litteras exspectabam.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Formiis -VI Non. -Mart. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Non dubito, quin tibi odiosae sint epistulae cotidianae, -cum praesertim neque nova de re aliqua certiorem -te faciam neque novam denique iam reperiam -scribendi ullam sententiam. Sed, si dedita opera, -cum causa nulla esset, tabellarios ad te cum inanibus -epistulis mitterem, facerem inepte; euntibus vero, -domesticis praesertim, ut nihil ad te dem litterarum, -facere non possum et simul, crede mihi, requiesco -paulum in his miseriis, cum quasi tecum loquor, cum -vero tuas epistulas lego, multo etiam magis. Omnino -intellego nullum fuisse tempus post has fugas et formidines -nostras, quod magis debuerit mutum esse a -litteris, propterea quod neque Romae quicquam auditur -novi nec in his locis, quae a Brundisio absunt -propius quam tu bidui aut tridui.<a name="FNanchor_73_73" id="FNanchor_73_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_73_73" class="fnanchor">[73]</a> Brundisi autem -omne certamen vertitur huius primi temporis. Qua -quidem exspectatione torqueor. Sed omnia ante -Nonas sciemus. Eodem enim die video Caesarem a -Corfinio post meridiem profectum esse, id est Feralibus, -quo Canusio mane Pompeium. Eo modo autem -ambulat Caesar et iis congiariis militum celeritatem -incitat, ut timeam, ne citius ad Brundisium, quam</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_73_73" id="Footnote_73_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73_73"><span class="label">[73]</span></a> bidui aut tridui <em>Reid</em>: biduum aut triduum <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span></p> - -<p>but their lands, their little homesteads and their -tiny hoards. And see how public opinion has changed. -They fear the man they once trusted, and adore the -man they once dreaded. It pains me to think of the -mistakes and wrongs of ours that are responsible for -this reaction. I wrote you what I thought would be -our fate, and I now await a letter from you.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 2</em> -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I have no doubt my daily letter must bore you, -especially as I have no fresh news, nor can I find any -new excuse for a letter. If I should employ special -messengers to convey my chatter to you without reason, -I should be a fool: but I cannot refrain from -entrusting letters to folk who are bound for Rome, -especially when they are members of my household. -Believe me, too, when I seem to talk with you, I -have some little relief from sorrow, and, when I read -a letter from you, far greater relief. I am quite -aware that there has been no time, since fear drove -me to flight, when silence and no letters would have -been more appropriate, for the good reason that there -is no fresh news at Rome, nor here—two or three -days' journey nearer Brundisium. The issue of this -first campaign will turn entirely on the action at -Brundisium: and I am on thorns to hear the result. -However, all will be known by the 7th. On the -noon of the day (that is the 21st of February), on -the morning of which Pompey left Canusium, I see -that Caesar set out from Corfinium. But Caesar marches -in such a way, and so spurs his men with largess, -that I fear he may reach Brundisium sooner than we</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span></p> - -<p>opus sit, accesserit. Dices: "Quid igitur proficis, qui -anticipes eius rei molestiam, quam triduo sciturus -sis?" Nihil equidem; sed, ut supra dixi, tecum perlibenter -loquor, et simul scito labare meum consilium -illud, quod satis iam fixum videbatur. Non mihi satis -idonei sunt auctores ii, qui a te probantur. Quod -enim umquam eorum in re publica forte factum exstitit? -aut quis ab iis ullam rem laude dignam desiderat? -Nec mehercule laudandos existimo, qui trans -mare belli parandi causa profecti sunt. Quamquam -haec ferenda non erant. Video enim, quantum id -bellum et quam pestiferum futurum sit. Sed me -movet unus vir; cuius fugientis comes, rem publicam -recuperantis socius videor esse debere. "Totiensne -igitur sententiam mutas?" Ego tecum tamquam -mecum loquor. Quis autem est, tanta quidem de re -quin varie secum ipse disputet? simul et elicere cupio -sententiam tuam, si manet, ut firmior sim, si mutata -est, ut tibi adsentiar. Omnino ad id, de quo dubito, -pertinet me scire, quid Domitius acturus sit, quid -noster Lentulus.</p> - -<p>De Domitio varia audimus, modo esse in Tiburti -haut lepide, modo cum Lepidis<a name="FNanchor_74_74" id="FNanchor_74_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_74_74" class="fnanchor">[74]</a> accessisse ad urbem, -quod item falsum video esse. Ait enim Lepidus eum -nescio quo penetrasse itineribus occultis occultandi -sui causa an maris apiscendi, ne is quidem scit. -Ignorat etiam de filio. Addit illud sane molestum, -pecuniam Domitio satis grandem, quam is Corfini -habuerit, non esse redditam. De Lentulo autem -nihil audimus. Haec velim exquiras ad meque perscribas.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_74_74" id="Footnote_74_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74_74"><span class="label">[74]</span></a> aut lepidi quo cum lepidus <em>M</em>: <em>the reading of the text is -that of Tyrrell, who suspects a pun on the name Lepidus</em>.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span></p> - -<p>want. You may wonder why I forestall disagreeable -tidings which will be known in three days' time. I -have no reason, except, as I said before, that I love to -talk to you; and at the same time I want you to know -that what I had counted my fixed resolve is shaken. -The precedents you quote with approval don't quite -fit my case. They are those of men who have never -distinguished themselves by great political action, and -are not looked up to for any act of merit. Nor, let -me tell you, have I any praise for those who have -crossed the sea to make preparations for war—unbearable -as things here were. For I foresee how -great and calamitous that war will be. I am influenced -only by one man, whom I think I ought to accompany -in flight, and help in the restoration of the -constitution. I may seem variable; but I talk with you -as I talk with myself, and there is no one who, in -such a crisis, does not view matters in many lights. -Moreover, I want to get your opinion, to encourage -me, if you have not changed it, or otherwise to win my -assent. It is particularly necessary for me to know -in my dilemma what course Domitius and my friend -Lentulus will take.</p> - -<p>As for Domitius I hear many reports: at one time -that he is at Tibur out of sorts, at another that he -has consorted with the Lepidi in their march to Rome. -That I see is untrue. For Lepidus says that he is -following a hidden path, but whether to hide or reach -the sea even he does not know. Lepidus has no news -about his son either. He adds a provoking detail, -that Domitius has failed to get back a large sum of -money which he had at Corfinium. Of Lentulus I -have no news. Please make inquiries on these points -and inform me.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Formiis -V Non. -Mart. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>A. d. <span class="smcap">V</span> Nonas Martias epistulas mihi tuas Aegypta -reddidit, unam veterem, <span class="smcap">IIII</span> Kal. quam te scribis dedisse -Pinario, quem non vidimus; in qua exspectas, -quidnam praemissus agat Vibullius, qui omnino non -est visus a Caesare (id altera epistula video te scire -ita esse), et quem ad modum redeuntem excipiam -Caesarem, quem omnino vitare cogito, et αὐθήμερον<a name="FNanchor_75_75" id="FNanchor_75_75"></a><a href="#Footnote_75_75" class="fnanchor">[75]</a> -fugam intendis<a name="FNanchor_76_76" id="FNanchor_76_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_76_76" class="fnanchor">[76]</a> commutationemque vitae tuae, quod -tibi puto esse faciendum, et ignoras, Domitius cum -fascibusne sit. Quod cum scies, facies, ut sciamus. -Habes ad primam epistulam.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_75_75" id="Footnote_75_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_75_75"><span class="label">[75]</span></a> <em>I have ventured to read</em> αὐθήμερον <em>for the corrupt</em> authemonis -<em>of M, as being an easy alteration palæographically. -Many suggestions have been made</em> (<em>e.g.</em> Automedontis <em>by -Müller</em>).</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_76_76" id="Footnote_76_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_76_76"><span class="label">[76]</span></a> intendis <em>F. Schütz</em>: tendis <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -<p>Secutae sunt duae pr. Kal. ambae datae, quae me -convellerunt de pristino statu iam tamen, ut ante ad -te scripsi, labantem. Nec me movet, quod scribis -"Iovi ipsi iniquum." Nam periculum in utriusque -iracundia positum est, victoria autem ita incerta, ut -deterior causa paratior mihi esse videatur. Nec me -consules movent, qui ipsi pluma aut folio facilius -moventur. Officii me deliberatio cruciat cruciavitque -adhuc. Cautior certe est mansio, honestior existimatur -traiectio. Malo interdum, multi me non caute -quam pauci non honeste fecisse existiment. De Lepido -et Tullo quod quaeris, illi vero non dubitant,</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 3</em> -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>On the 3rd of March Aegypta<a name="FNanchor_77_77" id="FNanchor_77_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_77_77" class="fnanchor">[77]</a> brought me your -letters, one an old one dated February 26, which you -say you handed to Pinarius, whom I have not seen. -In that letter you were waiting to hear the result of -Vibullius' advance mission. He did not meet Caesar -at all, as I see from your second letter you are aware. -You also wanted to know how I shall receive Caesar -on his return. I intend to shun him altogether. And -you contemplate flight on the day he comes, and a -change in your life, which I agree is politic. You -wrote too that you do not know if Domitius keeps -his fasces. When you do know, please tell me. That -settles the first letter.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_77_77" id="Footnote_77_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77_77"><span class="label">[77]</span></a> A slave of Cicero's.</p></div> - -<p>There follow two more dated the 28th of February, -which hurled me from my old position, when I was -already tottering, as I had informed you. I am not -upset by your phrase "angry with almighty God."<a name="FNanchor_78_78" id="FNanchor_78_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_78_78" class="fnanchor">[78]</a> -There is danger not only in Pompey's anger, but in -Caesar's, and the issue is doubtful, though to me the -worst cause seems better equipped. Nor am I influenced -by the consuls, who themselves are more -easily moved than leaf or feather. It is consideration -of my duty that tortures me and has been torturing -me all along. To remain in Italy is certainly safer: -to cross the sea the path of honour. Sometimes I -prefer that many should accuse me of rashness, rather -than the select few of dishonourable action. For -your query about Lepidus and Tullus, they have</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_78_78" id="Footnote_78_78"></a><a href="#FNanchor_78_78"><span class="label">[78]</span></a> This probably means that Pompey -had said he would be angry with every one who did not leave -Rome, even with Jupiter.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span></p> - -<p>quin Caesari praesto futuri in senatumque venturi -sint.</p> - -<p>Recentissima tua est epistula Kal. data, in qua -optas congressum pacemque non desperas. Sed ego, -cum haec scribebam, nec illos congressuros nec, si -congressi essent, Pompeium ad ullam condicionem -accessurum putabam. Quod videris non dubitare, si -consules transeant, quid nos facere oporteat, certe -transeunt vel, quo modo nunc est, transierunt. Sed -memento praeter Appium neminem esse fere, qui -non ius habeat transeundi. Nam aut cum imperio -sunt ut Pompeius, ut Scipio, Sufenas, Fannius, Voconius, -Sestius, ipsi consules, quibus more maiorum -concessum est vel omnes adire provincias, aut legati -sunt eorum. Sed nihil decerno; quid placeat tibi, -et quid prope modum rectum sit, intellego.</p> - -<p>Plura scriberem, si ipse possem. Sed, ut mihi -videor, potero biduo. Balbi Corneli litterarum exemplum, -quas eodem die accepi quo tuas, misi ad te, -ut meam vicem doleres, cum me derideri videres.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVa<br /> - -BALBUS CICERONI IMP. SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Romae -ex. m. Febr -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Obsecro te, Cicero, suscipe curam et cogitationem -dignissimam tuae virtutis, ut Caesarem et Pompeium -perfidia hominum distractos rursus in pristinam concordiam -reducas. Crede mihi Caesarem non solum -fore in tua potestate, sed etiam maximum beneficium -te sibi dedisse iudicaturum, si hoc te reicis. Velim</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span></p> - -<p>decided to meet Caesar and to take their seats in the -House.</p> - -<p>In your last letter, dated the 1st of March, you -long for a meeting between the two leaders, and -have hopes of peace. But at the time of writing I -fancy they will not meet, and that, if they do, Pompey -will not agree to any terms. You seem to have no -doubt as to what I ought to do, if the consuls go -over-seas; well they will go, or rather have now gone. -But bear in mind that of their number it is practically -only Appius who has not a right to cross. The rest -are either invested with military power, like Pompey, -Scipio, Sufenas, Fannius, Voconius, Sestius and the -consuls themselves, who by old custom may visit all -the provinces; or else they are legates. However -I have no positive views. I know what you approve -and pretty well what it is right to do.</p> - -<p>My letter would be longer, if I could write myself. -I fancy I shall be able in two days' time. -I have had Cornelius Balbus' letter, which I received -on the same day as yours, copied, and I forward it -to you, that you may sympathize with me on seeing -me mocked.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVa<br /> - -BALBUS SALUTES CICERO THE IMPERATOR.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Rome, Feb.</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I beg you, Cicero, to consider a plan eminently -suited to your character, namely to recall Caesar -and Pompey to their former state of friendship, which -has been broken by the treachery of others. Believe -me that Caesar will not only meet your wishes, but -will esteem any endeavours of yours in this matter as a -very great service. I wish Pompey would take the same</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span></p> - -<p>idem Pompeius faciat. Qui ut adduci tali tempore ad -ullam condicionem possit, magis opto quam spero. -Sed, cum constiterit et timere desierit, tum incipiam -non desperare tuam auctoritatem plurimum apud eum -valituram.</p> - -<p>Quod Lentulum consulem meum voluisti hic remanere, -Caesari gratum, mihi vero gratissimum medius -fidius fecisti. Nam illum tanti facio, ut non Caesarem -magis diligam. Qui si passus esset nos secum, -ut consueveramus, loqui et non se totum etiam ab -sermone nostro avertisset, minus miser, quam sum, -essem. Nam cave putes hoc tempore plus me quemquam -cruciari, quod eum, quem ante me diligo, video -in consulatu quidvis potius esse quam consulem. -Quodsi voluerit tibi obtemperare et nobis de Caesare -credere et consulatum reliquum Romae peragere, incipiam -sperare etiam consilio senatus auctore te, illo -relatore Pompeium et Caesarem coniungi posse. -Quod si factum erit, me satis vixisse putabo.</p> - -<p>Factum Caesaris de Corfinio totum te probaturum -scio: et, quo modo in eius modi re, commodius cadere -non potuit, quam ut res sine sanguine confieret. -Balbi mei tuique adventu delectatum te valde gaudeo. -Is quaecumque tibi de Caesare dixit, quaeque -Caesar scripsit, scio, re tibi probabit, quaecumque -fortuna eius fuerit, verissime scripsisse.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span></p> - -<p>view; but it is rather a dream of mine than a hope, -that he can be persuaded to come to terms at this -time. When he becomes settled and recovers from -fright, I shall have better hopes that your influence -may avail with him.</p> - -<p>In desiring my friend the consul Lentulus to remain -in Rome, you have gratified Caesar, and myself too, I -may assure you, in the highest degree. I value Lentulus -as much as Caesar. If he had allowed me to -renew my old intercourse, and had not again and again -avoided conversation with me, I should be less unhappy -than I am. For do not think that this crisis -causes anyone more torment than it causes me, when -I see him, to whom I am more devoted than to myself, -acting in office in a way quite unfitted for a consul. -If he only takes your advice and believes our professions -about Caesar, and serves the remainder of -his office in Rome, then I shall begin to hope that by -the advice of the Senate, on your suggestion and at -his formal motion, there may be effected a reconciliation -between Pompey and Caesar. In that event -I shall think my life's mission accomplished.</p> - -<p>I know that you will approve entirely of Caesar's -action about Corfinium. Under the circumstances -there could have been nothing better than a settlement -without bloodshed. I am delighted that you are -pleased with the arrival of my and your Balbus. -Whatever Balbus has told you about Caesar, and whatever -Caesar has said to you in his letters, I am confident -Caesar will convince you by his acts, be his fortune -what it will, that his professions were quite sincere.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO,</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Formiis -IV Non. -Mart. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Omnia mihi provisa sunt praeter occultum et tutum -iter ad mare superum. Hoc enim mari uti non -possumus hoc tempore anni. Illuc autem, quo spectat -animus, et quo res vocat, qua veniam? Cedendum -enim est celeriter, ne forte qua re impediar atque -alliger. Nec vero ille me ducit, qui videtur; quem -ego hominem ἀπολιτικώτατον omnium iam ante cognoram, -nunc vero etiam ἀστρατηγητότατον. Non me -igitur is ducit, sed sermo hominum, qui ad me a -Philotimo scribitur. Is enim me ab optimatibus ait -conscindi. Quibus optimatibus, di boni! qui nunc quo -modo occurrunt, quo modo autem se venditant Caesari! -Municipia vero deum; nec simulant, ut cum de -illo aegroto vota faciebant. Sed plane, quicquid mali -hic Pisistratus non fecerit, tam gratum erit, quam si -alium facere prohibuerit. Propitium hunc sperant, -illum iratum putant. Quas fieri censes ἀπαντήσεις ex -oppidis, quos honores! "Metuunt," inquies. Credo, -sed mehercule illum magis. Huius insidiosa elementia -delectantur, illius iracundiam formidant. Iudices -de <span class="smcap">CCCLX</span>, qui praecipue Gnaeo nostro delectabantur, -ex quibus cotidie aliquem video, nescio quas eius Lucerias -horrent. Itaque quaero, qui sint isti optimates,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 4</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<div class="sidenote-english">Iliad vi, 442</div> - -<p>I have made provision for everything except a -secret and safe passage to the Adriatic. The other -route I cannot face at this time of the year. How -can I get to that place on which my mind is set, and -whither fate calls? My departure must be in haste, -for fear some obstacle and hindrance should arise. -It is not, as one might think, Pompey who induces me -to go. I have long known him to be the poorest of -statesmen, and I now see he is the poorest of generals. -I am not induced by him, but by the common talk of -which Philotimus informs me. He says that the -loyalists are tearing me to tatters. Loyalists, good -God! And see how they are running to meet Caesar, -and selling themselves to him. The country towns -are treating him as a god, and there is no pretence -about it, as there was in the prayers for Pompey's -recovery from illness. Any mischief this Pisistratus -may leave undone will give as much satisfaction as if -he had prevented another from doing it. People hope -to placate Caesar; they think that Pompey is -angered. What ovations from the towns and what -honour is paid him! In fright I dare say, but they are -more afraid of Pompey. They are delighted with the -cunning kindness of Caesar, and afraid of the anger -of his rival. Those who are on the jury list of 360 -judges, the especial partisans of Pompey, some of -whom I see daily, shudder at vague Lucerias<a name="FNanchor_79_79" id="FNanchor_79_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_79_79" class="fnanchor">[79]</a> which -they conjure up. So I ask what sort of loyalists are</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_79_79" id="Footnote_79_79"></a><a href="#FNanchor_79_79"><span class="label">[79]</span></a> Cf. <span class="smcap">VIII</span>, 11, where Pompey at Luceria is said to have -talked of a proscription.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span></p> - -<p>qui me exturbent, cum ipsi domi maneant. Sed -tamen, quicumque sunt, αἰδέομαι Τρῶας,. Etsi, qua -spe proficiscar, video, coniungoque me cum homine -magis ad vastandum Italiam quam ad vincendum parato -dominumque exspecto. Et quidem, cum haec -scribebam, <span class="smcap">IIII</span> Nonas, iam exspectabam aliquid a -Brundisio. Quid autem "aliquid"? quam inde turpiter -fugisset, et victor hic qua se referret et quo. -Quod ubi audissem, si ille Appia veniret, ego Arpinum -cogitabam.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span></p> - -<p>these, to banish me, while they remain at home? -Still whoever they are "I fear the Trojans." Yet I -see clearly with what a prospect I set out, and I join -myself with a man ready to devastate our country -rather than to conquer its oppressor, and I look to -serve a tyrant. And indeed on March 4, the date of this -letter, I am expecting every moment some news from -Brundisium. Why do I say "some news," when it is -news of his disgraceful flight, and the route by which -the victor is returning and the direction in which he -is moving. On hearing that, I think of going to -Arpinum, if Caesar comes by the Appian way.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2>M. TULLI CICERONIS -EPISTULARUM AD ATTICUM -LIBER NONUS</h2> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>I -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Formiano -prid. Non. -Mart. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Etsi, cum tu has litteras legeres, putabam fore -ut scirem iam, quid Brundisi actum esset (nam Canusio -<span class="smcap">VIIII</span> Kal. profectus erat Gnaeus; haec autem -scribebam pridie Nonas <span class="smcap">XIIII</span> die post, quam ille Canusio -moverat), tamen angebar singularum horarum -exspectatione mirabarque nihil allatum esse ne rumoris -quidem; nam erat mirum silentium. Sed haec -fortasse κενόσπουδα sunt, quae tamen iam sciantur -necesse est; illud molestum, me adhuc investigare -non posse, ubi P. Lentulus noster sit, ubi Domitius. -Quaero autem, quo facilius scire possim, quid acturi -sint, iturine ad Pompeium et, si sunt, qua quandove -ituri sint.</p> - -<p>Urbem quidem iam refertam esse optimatium audio, -Sosium et Lupum, quos Gnaeus noster ante putabat -Brundisium venturos esse quam se, ius dicere. Hinc -vero vulgo vadunt; etiam M'. Lepidus, quocum diem -conterere solebam, eras cogitabat. Nos autem in -Formiano morabamur, quo citius audiremus; deinde -Arpinum volebamus; inde, iter qua maxime ἀναπάντητον -esset, ad mare superum remotis sive omnino -missis lictoribus. Audio enim bonis viris, qui et nunc</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3 class="ph2">CICERO'S LETTERS -TO ATTICUS -BOOK IX</h3> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>I<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 6</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Although, when you read this letter, I think I -shall know what has been done at Brundisium, since -Pompey left Canusium on the 21st of February and -I am writing this on the 6th of March, fourteen days -after his departure from Canusium, still I am in -agonies of suspense as to what each hour may bring, -and I am astonished that I do not even get a rumour. -There is a strange hush. But perhaps this is much -ado about nothing, when we must know all about it -soon enough. But it does worry me that so far I -have been unable to discover the whereabouts of my -friend Lentulus and of Domitius. I want to know, -that I may be able to find out what they are going -to do, whether they are going to Pompey, and, if so, -by what route and on what date.</p> - -<p>Town, I am told, is now crammed full with our -party. Sosius and Lupus, who, Pompey thought, -would reach Brundisium before himself, are, it appears, -sitting as magistrates. From here there is -a general move: even M'. Lepidus, with whom I used -to spend the day, thinks of starting to-morrow. I am -lingering in my villa at Formiae to get news the -sooner. Then I intend to go to Arpinum: from -Arpinum I proceed to the Adriatic, choosing the -least frequented route and leaving behind or even -dismissing my lictors. For I am told that certain</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span></p> - -<p>et saepe antea magno praesidio rei publicae fuerunt, -hanc cunctationem nostram non probari multaque in -me et severe in conviviis tempestivis quidem disputari.</p> - -<p>Cedamus igitur et, ut boni cives simus, bellum Italiae -terra marique inferamus et odia improborum rursus -in nos, quae iam exstincta erant, incendamus et -Luccei consilia ac Theophani persequamur. Nam -Scipio vel in Syriam proficiscitur sorte vel cum genero -honeste vel Caesarem fugit iratum. Marcelli quidem, -nisi gladium Caesaris timuissent, manerent. Appius -est eodem in timore et inimicitiarum recentium etiam. -Praeter hunc et C. Cassium reliqui legati, Faustus -pro quaestore; ego unus, cui utrumvis licet. Frater -accedit, quem socium huius fortunae esse non erat -aequum. Cui magis etiam Caesar irascetur, sed -impetrare non possum, ut mancat. Dabimus hoc -Pompeio, quod debemus. Nam me quidem alius -nemo movet, non sermo bonorum, qui nulli sunt, non -causa quae acta timide est, agetur improbe. Uni, -uni hoc damus ne id quidem roganti nec suam causam, -ut ait, agenti, sed publicam. Tu quid cogites de -transeundo in Epirum, scire sane velim.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>II<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Formiano -Non. Mart. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Etsi Nonis Martiis die tuo, ut opinor, exspectabam -epistulam a te longiorem, tamen ad eam ipsam brevem,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span></p> - -<p>loyalists, who now and formerly have been a bulwark -of the Republic, do not like my staying in Italy, and -that they sit half the day over their festive boards -making caustic remarks about me.</p> - -<p>So I must depart, and, to be a good citizen, wage -war on Italy, kindle against myself again the hatred of -the disloyal which had died down, and follow the plans -of Lucceius and Theophanes. For Scipio can be said -to set out for Syria, his allotted province, or to accompany -his son-in-law, which is an honourable -excuse, or to flee from Caesar's anger. The Marcelli -would of course have stayed, had they not feared the -sword of Caesar. Appius has the same reason for -alarm, and additional reason through a fresh quarrel. -Except Appius and C. Cassius all the others hold -military commands, Faustus being proquaestor. I am -the only one who could go or stay as I like. Besides -there is my brother, whom it is not fair to involve in my -trouble. With him Caesar will be even more -angry, but I cannot induce him to stay behind. This -sacrifice I will make to Pompey, as loyalty bids. For -no one else influences me, neither talk of loyalists—for -there are none—nor our cause, which has been -conducted in panic and will be conducted in disgrace. -To one man, one only, I make this sacrifice, though -he does not even ask it and though the battle he is -fighting is, as he says, not his own but the State's, -I should much like to know what you think about -crossing into Epirus.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>II<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 7</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Though the 7th of March, the day I think for -your attack of fever,<a name="FNanchor_80_80" id="FNanchor_80_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_80_80" class="fnanchor">[80]</a> should bring me a longer letter</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_80_80" id="Footnote_80_80"></a><a href="#FNanchor_80_80"><span class="label">[80]</span></a> Or "your birthday." Cf. ix, 5.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span></p> - -<p>quam IIII Nonas ὑπὸ τὴν λῆψιν dedisti, rescribendum -putavi. Gaudere ais te mansisse me et scribis -in sententia te manere. Mihi autem superioribus -litteris videbare non dubitare, quin cederem ita, si et -Gnaeus bene comitatus conscendisset, et consules -transissent. Utrum hoc tu parum commeministi, an -ego non satis intellexi, an mutasti sententiam? Sed -aut ex epistula, quam exspecto, perspiciam, quid -sentias, aut alias abs te litteras eliciam. Brundisio -nihildum erat allatum.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IIa<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Formiano -VIII Id. -Mart. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>O rem difficilem planeque perditam! quam nihil -praetermittis in consilio dando; quam nihil tamen, -quod tibi ipsi placeat, explicas! Non esse me una -cum Pompeio gaudes ac proponis, quam sit turpe me -adesse, cum quid de illo detrahatur; nefas esse -approbare. Certe; contra igitur? "Di," inquis, -"averruncent!" Quid ergo fiet, si in altero scelus -est, in altero supplicium? "Impetrabis," inquis, "a -Caesare, ut tibi abesse liceat et esse otioso." Supplicandum -igitur? Miserum. Quid, si non impetraro? -"Et de triumpho erit," inquis, "integrum." Quid, -si hoc ipso premar? accipiam? Quid foedius? Negem? -Repudiari se totum, magis etiam quam olim -in <span class="smcap">XX</span> viratu, putabit. Ac solet, cum se purgat, in me</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span></p> - -<p>from you, still I suppose I ought to answer the shorter -note, which you sent on the 4th on the eve of your attack. -You say you are glad that I have stayed in Italy, -and you write that you abide by your former view. But -an earlier letter led me to think you had no doubt I -ought to go, if Pompey embarked with a good following -and the consuls crossed too. Have you forgotten this, -or have I failed to understand you, or have you changed -your mind? But I shall either learn your opinion from -the letter I now await: or I shall extract another letter -from you. From Brundisium so far there is no news.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IIa<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 8</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>What a difficult and calamitous business! Nothing -passed over in the advice you give, nothing revealed -as to your real opinion! You are glad that I am not -with Pompey, and yet you lay down how wrong it -would be for me to be present when he is criticized: it -were shameful to approve his conduct. Agreed. Should -I then speak against him? "Heaven forbid," you -say. So, what can happen, if one way lies crime, -and the other punishment? You advise me to get -from Caesar leave of absence and permission to retire. -Must I then beg and pray? That would be -humiliating: and suppose I fail? You say the matter -of my triumph will not be prejudiced. But what if -I am hampered by that very thing? Accept it? -What dishonour! Refuse it? Caesar will think that I -am repudiating him entirely, more even than when -I declined a place among his twenty land commissioners.<a name="FNanchor_81_81" id="FNanchor_81_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_81_81" class="fnanchor">[81]</a> -And it is his way, when he excuses himself</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_81_81" id="Footnote_81_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_81_81"><span class="label">[81]</span></a> The <em>vigintiviri</em> for the distribution of Campanian land -in 59 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> Cf. <span class="smcap">II</span>, 19.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span></p> - -<p>conferre omnem illorum temporum culpam. Ita me -sibi fuisse inimicum, ut ne honorem quidem a se -accipere vellem. Quanto nunc hoc idem accipiet -asperius! Tanto scilicet, quanto et honor hic illo est -amplior et ipse robustior. Nam, quod negas te dubitare, -quin magna in offensa sim apud Pompeium -hoc tempore, non video causam, cur ita sit hoc quidem -tempore. Qui enim amisso Corfinio denique certiorem -me sui consilii fecit, is queretur Brundisium me -non venisse, cum inter me et Brundisium Caesar -esset? Deinde etiam scit ἀπαρρησίαστον esse in ea -causa querelam suam. Me putat de municipiorum -imbecillitate, de dilectibus, de pace, de urbe, de -pecunia, de Piceno occupando plus vidisse quam se. -Sin, cum potuero, non venero, tum erit inimicus, quod -ego non eo vereor ne mihi noceat (quid enim faciet?</p> - -<p class="center">Τίς δ' ἐστὶ δοῦλος τοῦ θανεῖν ἄφροντις ὤν;), -</p> - -<p>sed quia ingrati animi crimen horreo. Confido igitur -adventum nostrum illi, quoquo tempore fuerit, ut -scribis, ἀσμενιστὸν fore. Nam, quod ais, si hic -temperatius egerit, consideratius consilium te daturum, -qui hic potest se gerere non perdite? Vetant -vita,<a name="FNanchor_82_82" id="FNanchor_82_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_82_82" class="fnanchor">[82]</a> mores, ante facta, ratio suscepti negotii, socii, -vires bonorum aut etiam constantia.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_82_82" id="Footnote_82_82"></a><a href="#FNanchor_82_82"><span class="label">[82]</span></a> Vetant vita <em>Purser</em>: vita <em>MSS.</em>: vetant <em>Boot</em>.</p></div> - -<p>Vixdum epistulam tuam legeram, cum ad me currens -ad illum Postumus Curtius venit nihil nisi -classes loquens et exercitus. Eripiebat Hispanias,</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span></p> - -<p>to throw on me all the blame for that period, and to say -I was so bitter an enemy that I would not even take -an office from him. How much more will this annoy -him! Why, as much more as this honour is greater -than that, and he himself is stronger. As for your -remark that you have no doubt I am in bad odour -with Pompey at this present time, I see no reason -why it should be so, especially at this time. Pompey -did not tell me his plans till after the loss of Corfinium, -and he cannot complain of my not going to Brundisium, -when Caesar was between me and Brundisium. -Besides he knows that complaint on his part is -stopped. He is of opinion that I saw clearer than -he did about the weakness of the municipal towns, -the levies, peace, the city, the public funds, occupying -Pisenum. If however I do not go to him, when I -can, he will certainly be angry. From that I shrink—not -for fear of harm he may do me (for what can -he do? And who</p> - -<p class="center">"Would be a slave but he who fears to die?"<a name="FNanchor_83_83" id="FNanchor_83_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_83_83" class="fnanchor">[83]</a>) -</p> - -<p>but because I shrink from being charged with ingratitude. -So I trust my arrival will be, as you say, -welcome to him, whenever I go. As for your remark -"If Caesar's conduct be more temperate, you will -weigh your advice more carefully," how can Caesar -keep himself from a destructive policy? It is forbidden -by his character, his previous career, the nature of -his present enterprise, his associates, the material -strength or even the moral firmness of the loyalist party.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_83_83" id="Footnote_83_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_83_83"><span class="label">[83]</span></a> From an unknown play of Euripides.</p></div> - -<p>I had scarcely read your letter, when up comes -Curtius Postumus hurrying off to Caesar, talking of -nothing but fleets and armies; "Caesar is wresting</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span></p> - -<p>tenebat Asiam, Siciliam, Africam, Sardiniam, confestim -in Graeciam persequebatur. Eundum igitur est, -nec tam ut belli quam ut fugae socii simus. Nec -enim ferre potero sermones istorum, quicumque sunt; -non sunt enim certe, ut appellantur, boni. Sed -tamen id ipsum scire cupio, quid loquantur, idque ut -exquiras meque certiorem facias, te vehementer rogo. -Nos adhuc, quid Brundisi actum esset, plane nesciebamus. -Cum sciemus, tum ex re et ex tempore -consilium capiemus, sed utemur tuo.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>III<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Formiis -VII Id. -Mart. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Domiti filius transiit Formias <span class="smcap">VIII</span> Idus currens ad -matrem Neapolim mihique nuntiari iussit patrem ad -urbem esse, cum de eo curiose quaesisset servus noster -Dionysius. Nos autem audieramus eum profectum -sive ad Pompeium sive in Hispaniam. Id cuius modi -sit, scire sane velim. Nam ad id, quod delibero, -pertinet, si ille certe nusquam discessit, intellegere -Gnaeum non esse faciles nobis ex Italia exitus, cum -ea tota armis praesidiisque teneatur, hieme praesertim. -Nam, si commodius anni tempus esset, vel -infero mari liceret uti. Nunc nihil potest nisi supero -tramitti, quo iter interclusum est. Quaeres -igitur et de Domitio et de Lentulo.</p> - -<p>A Brundisio nulla adhuc fama venerat, et erat hic</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span></p> - -<p>the Spains from Pompey, occupying Asia, Sicily, -Africa, Sardinia, and forthwith pursuing Pompey into -Greece." So I must set out to take part not so much -in a war as in a flight. For I can never put up with -the talk of your friends, whoever they are, for -certainly they are not what they are called, loyalists. -Still that is just what I want to know, what they -do say, and I beg you earnestly to inquire and -inform me. So far I know nothing of what has -happened at Brundisium. When I know, I shall -form my plans according to circumstances and the -moment; but I shall use your advice.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>III<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 9</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>The son of Domitius went through Formiae on the -8th of March hastening to his mother at Naples, -and, when my slave Dionysius inquired particularly -from him about his father, he sent me a message -that he was outside the city. But I had heard that -he had gone either to Pompey or to Spain. What -the fact is, I should much like to know, for it has a -bearing on the point I am now considering: if it is -certain that Domitius has found no means of departure, -Pompey may understand that my own departure -from Italy is difficult, seeing that it is now beset -with troops and garrisons, and especially in the -winter season. For, were it a more convenient time -of year, one could even cross the southern sea. -Now there is no choice but the Adriatic, to which -passage is barred. So please inquire both about -Domitius and about Lentulus.</p> - -<p>From Brundisium no news has come yet, and to-day</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span></p> - -<p>dies <span class="smcap">VII</span> Idus, quo die suspicabamur aut pridie Brundisium -venisse Caesarem. Nam Kal. Arpis manserat. -Sed, si Postumum audire velles, persecuturus -erat Gnaeum; transisse enim iam putabat coniectura -tempestatum ac dierum. Ego nautas eum non putabam -habiturum, ille confidebat, et eo magis, quod -audita naviculariis hominis liberalitas esset. Sed, -tota res Brundisina quo modo habeat se, diutius -nescire non possum.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Formiis -IV Id. -Mart. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Ego etsi tam diu requiesco, quam diu aut ad te -scribo aut tuas litteras lego, tamen et ipse egeo argumento -epistularum et tibi idem accidere certo scio. -Quae enim soluto animo familiariter scribi solent, ea -temporibus his excluduntur, quae autem sunt horum -temporum, ea iam contrivimus. Sed tamen, ne me -totum aegritudini dedam, sumpsi mihi quasdam tamquam -θέσεις, quae et πολιτικαὶ sunt et temporum -horum, ut et abducam animum ab querelis et in eo -ipso, de quo agitur, exercear. Eae sunt huius modi:</p> - -<p>Εἰ μενετέον ἐν τῇ πατρίδι τυραννουμένης αὐτῆς. Εἰ -παντὶ τρόπω τυραννίδος κατάλυσιν πραγματευτέον, κἄν</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span></p> - -<p>is the 9th of March. I expect Caesar reached Brundisium -to-day or yesterday. He stayed at Arpi on -the 1st. If you choose to listen to Postumus, Caesar -meant to pursue Pompey; for, by calculating the -state of the weather and the days, he concluded -that Pompey had crossed the sea. I thought that -Caesar would be unable to get crews, but Postumus -was quite sure about that, and the more so because -ship-owners had heard of Caesar's liberality. But it -cannot be long now before I hear the full story of -what has happened at Brundisium.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 12</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Though now I rest only so long as I am writing to -you or reading your letters, still I am in want of -subject matter, and feel sure that you are in the same -position, for the present crisis debars us from the -free and easy topics of friendly correspondence, and -the topics connected with the present crisis we have -already exhausted. However, not to succumb entirely -to low spirits, I have taken for myself certain theses, -so to speak, which deal with <em>la haute politique</em> and -are applicable to the present crisis, so that I may -keep myself from querulous thoughts and may practise -the subject. Here are some:</p> - -<p>Whether one should remain in one's country, even -under a tyranny. Whether any means are lawful to</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span></p> - -<p>μέλλῃ διὰ τοῦτο περὶ τῶν ὅλων ἡ πόλις κινδυνεύσειν. -Εἰ εὐλαβητέον τὸν καταλύοντα μὴ αὐτὸς αἴρηται. Εἰ -πειρατέον ἀρήγειν τῇ πατρίδι τυραννουμένῃ καιρῷ καὶ -λογῳ μᾶλλον ἢ πολέμῳ. Εἰ πολιτικὸν τὸ ἡσυχάζειν -ἀναχωρήσαντά ποι τῆς πατρίδος τυραννουμένης ἤ δὶα -παντὂς ἰτέον κινδύνου τῆς ἐλευθερίας πέρι. Εἰ πόλεμον -ἐπακτέον τῇ χώρᾳ καὶ πολιορκητέον αὐτὴν τυραννουμένην. -Εἰ καὶ μὴ δοκιμάζοντα τὴν διὰ πολέμου κατάλυσιν τῆς -τυραννίδος συναπογραπτέον ὅμως τοῖς ἀρίστοις. Εἰ τοῖς -εὐεργέταις καὶ φίλοις συγκινδυνευτέον ἐν τοῖς πολιτικοῖς, -κἂν μὴ δοκῶσιν εὖ βεβουλεῦσθαι περὶ τῶν ὃλων. Εἰ -ὁ μεγάλα τὴν πατρίδα εὐεργετήσας, δἰ αὐτὸ δὲ τοῦτο -ἀνήκεστα παθὼν καὶ φθονηθεὶς, κινδυνεύσειεν ἄν ἐθελοντὴς -ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος, ἤ ἐφετέον αὐτῷ ἑαυτοῦ ποτε -καὶ τῶν οἰκειοτάτων ποιεῖσθαι πρόνοιαν ἀφεμένω τὰς -πρὸς τοὺς ἰσχύοντας διαπολιτείας.</p> - -<p>In his ego me consulationibus exercens et disserens -in utramque partem tum Graece, tum Latine et -abduco parumper animum a molestiis et τῶν προὔργου -τι delibero. Sed vereor, ne tibi ἂκαιρος sim. Si -enim recte ambulaverit is, qui hanc epistulam tulit, -in ipsum tuum diem incidet.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span></p> - -<p>abolish a tyranny, even if they endanger the existence -of the State. Whether one ought to take care that -one who tries to abolish it may not rise too high -himself. Whether one ought to assist one's country, -when under a tyranny, by seizing opportunities and -by argument rather than by war. Whether one is -doing one's duty to the State, if one retires to some -other place and there remains inactive, when there -is a tyranny; or whether one ought to run every -risk for liberty. Whether one ought to invade the -country and besiege one's native town, when it is -under a tyranny. Whether one ought to enrol oneself -in the ranks of the loyalists, even if one does -not approve of war as a means of abolishing tyranny. -Whether one ought in political matters to share the -dangers of one's benefactors and friends, even if one -does not believe their general policy to be wise. -Whether one who has done good service for his -country, and by it has won ill-treatment and envy, -should voluntarily put himself into danger for that -country, or may at length take thought for himself -and his dear ones and avoid struggles against the -powers that be.</p> - -<p>By employing myself with such questions and discussing -the pros and cons in Greek and Latin, I -divert my thoughts a little from my troubles and at -the same time consider a subject which is very pertinent. -But I fear you may find me a nuisance. For, -if the bearer makes proper headway, it will reach -you on the very day you have your attack of ague.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>V -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Formiis -VI Id. -Mart. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Natali die tuo scripsisti epistulam ad me plenam -consilii summaeque cum benevolentiae tum etiam -prudentiae. Eam mihi Philotimus postridie, quam -a te acceperat, reddidit. Sunt ista quidem, quae -disputas, difficillima, iter ad superum, navigatio infero, -discessus Arpinum, ne hunc fugisse, mansio -Formiis, ne obtulisse nos gratulationi videamur, sed -miserius nihil quam ea videre, quae tamen iam, iam, -inquam, videnda erunt.</p> - -<p>Fuit apud me Postumus, scripsi ad te, quam gravis. -Venit ad me etiam Q. Fufius quo vultu, quo spiritus -properans Brundisium, scelus accusans Pompei, levitatem -et stultitiam senatus. Haec qui in mea villa -non feram, Curtium in curia potero ferre? Age, -finge me quamvis εὐστομάχως haec ferentem, quid? -illa "<span class="smcap">Dic, M. Tvlli</span>" quem habebunt exitum? Et -omitto causam rei publicae, quam ego amissam puto -cum vulneribus suis tum medicamentis eis, quae -parantur, de Pompeio quid agam? cui plane (quid -enim hoc negem?) suscensui. Semper enim causae -eventorum magis movent quam ipsa eventa. Haec -igitur mala (quibus maiora esse quae possunt?) considerans, -vel potius iudicans eius opera accidisse, et -culpa, inimicior eram huic quam ipsi Caesari. Ut</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>V<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 10</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>On your birthday you wrote me a letter full of -advice, full of great kindness and of great wisdom. -Philotimus delivered it to me the day after he got it -from you. The points you discuss are very difficult—the -route to the upper sea, a voyage by the lower -sea, departure to Arpinum, lest I should seem to -have avoided Caesar, remaining at Formiae, lest I -should appear to have put myself forward to congratulate -him; but the most miserable thing of all -will be to see what I tell you must very shortly be -seen.</p> - -<p>Curtius Postumus was with me. I wrote you how -tiresome he was. Quintus Fufius also came to see -me—what an air! what assurance!—hastening to -Brundisium denouncing Pompey's wrong-doings and -the careless folly of the House. When I cannot -stand this under my own roof, how shall I be able to -endure Curtius in the Senate? But suppose I put -up with all this in good humour, what of the question -"Your vote, M. Tullius?" What will come of -it? I pass over the cause of the Republic, which I -consider lost, both from the wounds dealt it and the -cures prepared for them; but what am I to do about -Pompey? It is no use denying that I am downright -angry with him. For I am always more affected by -the causes of events than by the events themselves. -Therefore considering our incomparable woes, or -rather concluding that they have happened by his -doing and his mistakes, I am more angry with Pompey -than with Caesar himself. Just as our ancestors</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span></p> - -<p>maiores nostri funestiorem diem esse voluerunt -Aliensis pugnae quam urbis captae, quod hoc malum -ex illo (itaque alter religiosus etiam nunc dies, alter -in vulgus ignotus), sic ego decem annorum peccata -recordans, in quibus inerat ille etiam annus, qui nos -hoc non defendente, ne dicam gravius, adflixerat, -praesentisque temporis cognoscens temeritatem, ignaviam, -neglegentiam suscensebam. Sed ea iam -mihi exciderunt; beneficia eiusdem cogito, cogito -etiam dignitatem; intellego serius equidem, quam -vellem, propter epistulas sermonesque Balbi, sed -video plane nihil aliud agi, nihil actum ab initio, nisi -ut hunc occideret. Ego igitur, sicut ille apud -Homerum, cui et mater et dea dixisset:</p> - -<p class="center">Αὐτίκα γάρ τοι ἔπειτα μεθ' Ἐκτορα πότμος ἕτοιμος, -</p> - -<p>matri ipse respondit:</p> - -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Αὐτίκα τεθναίην, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἄρ' ἔμελλον ἑταίρῳ<br /></span> -<span class="i0">κτεινομένῳ ἐπαμῦναι.<br /></span> -</div></div> - -<p>Quid, si non ἑταίρῳ solum, sed etiam εὐεργέτῃ adde -tali viro talem causam agenti? Ego vero haec officia -mercanda vita puto. Optimatibus vero tuis nihil -confido, nihil iam ne inservio quidem. Video, ut se -huic dent, ut daturi sint. Quicquam tu illa putas -fuisse de valetudine decreta municipiorum prae his -de victoria gratulationibus? "Timent," inquies. At -ipsi tum se timuisse dicunt. Sed videamus, quid -actum sit Brundisi. Ex eo fortasse alia consilia -nascentur aliaeque litterae.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span></p> - -<p>thought that the day of the battle of Alia was blacker -than the day of the capture of Rome, because the -capture was but the consequence of the battle (and -so the former day is still a black letter day and the -latter is commonly unknown), so I too was angry in -recalling his errors of the last ten years, which included -the year of my affliction, when he gave me no -help, to put it mildly, and recognizing his foolhardiness, -sloth and carelessness at the present time. -But all this I have forgotten. It is his kindness I -think of, and I think of my own honour too. I -understand, later indeed than I could have wished, -from the letters and conversation of Balbus, but I -see plainly, that the sole object is, and has been -from the beginning, the death of Pompey. So I say -the same as Achilles to his mother, when she said -"For after Hector's death thy doom is fixed," and -he replied, "Then let me die, since I have failed to -save my friend."</p> - -<div class="sidenote-english">Iliad <span class="smcap">XVIII</span>, 96-9</div> - -<p>And in my case it is not only a friend but a benefactor, -a man so great and championing so great a -cause. Indeed I hold that life should be paid for -the kindnesses that he has done me. But in your -loyal party I have no confidence: nor I do even -acknowledge any allegiance to them now. I see -how they surrender and will surrender themselves to -Caesar. Do you think that those decrees of the -towns about Pompey's health were anything compared -with their congratulatory addresses to Caesar? You -will say, "They are terrorized." Yes, but they -themselves declare that they were terrorized on the -former occasion. But let us see what has happened -at Brundisium. Perhaps from that may spring -different plans and a different letter.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Formiis -V Id. Mart. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Nos adhuc Brundisio nihil. Roma scripsit Balbus -putare iam Lentulum consulem tramisisse, nec eum a -minore Balbo conventum, quod is hoc iam Canusi -audisset; inde ad se eum scripsisse; cohortesque -sex, quae Albae fuissent, ad Curium via Minucia -transisse; id Caesarem ad se scripsisse, et brevi -tempore eum ad urbem futurum. Ergo utar tuo -consilio neque me Arpinum hoc tempore abdam, etsi, -Ciceroni meo togam puram cum dare Arpini vellem, -hanc eram ipsam excusationem relicturus ad Caesarem. -Sed fortasse in eo ipso offendetur, cur non Romae -potius. Ac tamen, si est conveniendus, hic potissimum. -Tum reliqua videbimus, id est et quo et qua -et quando.</p> - -<p>Domitius, ut audio, in Cosano est, et quidem, ut -aiunt, paratus ad navigandum, si in Hispaniam, non -probo, si ad Gnaeum, laudo; quovis potius certe, -quam ut Curtium videat, quem ego patronus aspicere -non possum. Quid alios? Sed, opinor, quiescamus, -ne nostram culpam coarguamus, qui, dum urbem, id -est patriam, amamus dumque rem conventuram putamus, -ita nos gessimus, ut plane interclusi captique -simus.</p> - -<p>Scripta iam epistula Capua litterae sunt allatae hoc -exemplo: "Pompeius mare transiit cum omnibus -militibus, quos secum habuit. Hic numerus est</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 11</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>No news yet from Brundisium. From Rome Balbus -has written that he thinks the consul Lentulus has -now gone over, and that the younger Balbus has not -met him, because the latter has just heard the news -at Canusium and from that town has written to him. -He adds that the six cohorts which were at Alba -have gone to Curius by the Minucian road, that -Caesar has written to tell him so and will shortly be in -Rome. So I shall follow your advice. I shall not -go and bury myself in Arpinum at the present time, -though, since I had wished to celebrate my son's -coming of age there, I thought of leaving that as an -excuse to Caesar. But perhaps that itself will give -offence and he might ask why I should not do it at -Rome. Still, if I must meet him, I would much -rather meet him here. Then I shall see the other -things, where I am to go, by what route and when.</p> - -<p>Domitius, I hear, is at Cosa, and ready it is said to -sail. If it is to Spain, I do not approve, but, if to -Pompey, he has my praise. Better to go anywhere -than to have to see Curtius, of whom, though I have -defended him, I cannot bear the sight, not to speak -of others. But I suppose I had better keep quiet, -for fear of convicting myself of folly in managing to -be cut off wholly and made captive through my love -of my country and an idea that the matter could be -patched up.</p> - -<p>Just as I had finished writing, there came a letter -from Capua, of which this is a copy: "Pompey has -crossed the sea with all the soldiery he has. There</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span></p> - -<p>hominum milia triginta et consules duo et tribuni pl. -et senatores, qui fuerunt cum eo, omnes cum uxoribus -et liberis. Conscendisse dicitur a. d. IIII Nonas -Martias. Ex ea die fuere septemtriones venti. Naves, -quibus usus non est, omnes aut praecidisse aut -incendisse dicunt."</p> - -<p>De hac re litterae L. Metello tribuno pl. Capuam -allatae sunt a Clodia socru, quae ipsa transiit. Ante -sollicitus eram et angebar, sicut res scilicet ipsa cogebat, -cum consilio explicare nihil possem; nunc autem, -postquam Pompeius et consules ex Italia exierunt, -non angor, sed ardeo dolore,</p> - -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i28">οὐδέ μοι ἦτορ<br /></span> -<span class="i0">ἔμπεδον, ἀλλ' ἀλαλύκτημαι.<br /></span> -</div></div> - -<p>Non sum, inquam, mihi crede, mentis compos; tantum -mihi dedecoris admisisse videor. Mene non primum -cum Pompeio qualicumque consilio uso, deinde cum -bonis esse quamvis causa temere instituta? praesertim -cum ii ipsi, quoram ego causa timidius me fortunae -committebam, uxor, filia, Cicerones pueri, me illud -sequi mallent, hoc turpe et me indignum putarent. -Nam Quintus quidem frater, quicquid mihi placeret, -id rectum se putare aiebat, id animo aequissimo sequebatur.</p> - -<p>Tuas nunc epistulas a primo lego. Hae me paulum -recreant. Primae monent et rogant, ne me proiciam, -proximae gaudere te ostendunt me remansisse. -Eas cum lego, minus mihi turpis videor, sed tam diu, -dum lego. Deinde emergit rursum dolor et ἀισχροῦ -φαντασία. Quam ob rem obsecro te, mi Tite, eripe</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span></p> - -<p>are 30,000 men, two consuls, tribunes and the -senators who were with him, all accompanied by -wives and children. He is said to have embarked -on the 4th of March. From that day there have -been northerly winds. They say he disabled or -burned all the ships he did not use."</p> - -<p>[Sidennote Iliad x, 91]</p> - -<p>On this matter a letter has been received at Capua -by Lucius Metellus, the tribune of the plebs, from -Clodia, his mother-in-law, who herself crossed the -sea. I was anxious and distracted before, naturally -enough under the circumstances, when I could find -no solution of affairs. But, now that Pompey and -the consuls have left Italy, I am not only distracted, -but I blaze with indignation. "Steady my -heart no more, but wild with grief." Believe me, -I say I am no longer responsible, so great the shame -I seem to have incurred. To think that in the first -place I should not be with Pompey, whatever his -plan, nor again with the loyalists, however rashly they -have mismanaged their cause! Particularly when -those very people, whose interests kept me cautious, -my wife, my daughter and the boys, preferred that -I should follow Pompey's fortunes, and thought -Caesar's cause disgraceful and unworthy of me. As -for my brother Quintus, whatever I thought right, -he agreed to, and he followed my course with -perfect contentment.</p> - -<p>Your letters I am reading now from the beginning -of the business. They afford me some little relief. -The first warn and entreat me not to commit myself. -The later ones show you are glad I stayed. While I -read them, my conduct seems to me less discreditable; -but only so long as I read: afterwards up rises sorrow -again and a vision of shame. So I beseech you, Titus,</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span></p> - -<p>mihi hunc dolorem, aut minue saltem aut consolatione -aut consilio, aut quacumque re potes. Quid -tu autem possis? aut quid homo quisquam? Vix iam -deus.</p> - -<p>Equidem illud molior, quod tu mones sperasque -fieri posse, ut mihi Caesar concedat, ut absim, cum -aliquid in senatu contra Gnaeum agatur. Sed timeo, -ne non impetrem. Venit ab eo Furnius. Ut quidem -scias, quos sequamur, Q. Titini filium cum Caesare -esse nuntiat, sed illum maiores mihi gratias agere, -quam vellem. Quid autem me roget paucis ille quidem -verbis, sed ἐν δυνάμει, cognosce ex ipsius epistula. -Me miserum, quod tu non valuisti! una fuissemus; -consilium certe non defuisset; σύν τε δύ' ἐρχομένω——.</p> - -<p>Sed acta ne agamus, reliqua paremus. Me adhuc -haec duo fefellerunt, initio spes compositionis, qua -facta volebam uti populari vita, sollicitudine senectutem -nostram liberari; deinde bellum crudele et -exitiosum suscipi a Pompeio intellegebam. Melioris -medius fidius civis et viri putabam quovis supplicio -adfici, quam illi crudelitati non solum praeesse, verum -etiam interesse. Videtur vel mori satius fuisse quam -esse cum his. Ad haec igitur cogita, mi Attice, vel -potius excogita. Quemvis eventum fortius feram -quam hunc dolorem.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span></p> - -<p>take this grief away from me, or at any rate lessen -it by your sympathy or advice or by any other possible -means. Yet what can you or any man do? God -Himself could hardly help now.</p> - -<p>But my own aim now is to achieve what you -advise and hope, that Caesar excuse my absence, -when any measure is brought forward against Pompey -in the house. But I fear I may fail. Furnius has -come from Caesar. To show you the sort of men I -am following, he tells me that the son of Q. Titinius -is with Caesar, but Caesar expresses greater thanks -to me than I could wish. His request put in a few -words, but <em>ex cathedra</em>, you may see from his letter. -How grieved I am at your ill-health! We should -have been together; assuredly advice would not have -been wanting: "Two heads are better than one."</p> - -<div class="sidenote-english">Iliad <span class="smcap">X</span>, 224</div> - -<p>But let us not fight battles over again, let us attend -to the future. Till now two things have led me -astray, at first the hope of a settlement, and, if that -were secured, I was ready for private life and an old -age quit of public cares; and then I discovered that -Pompey was beginning a bloody and destructive war. -On my honour I thought that it was the part of a -better man and a better citizen to suffer any punishment -rather than, I will not say to take a leading -part, but even to take any part in such atrocities. -It seems as though it would have been preferable to -die than to be one of such men. So, my dear Atticus, -think on these problems, or rather think them out. -I shall bear any result more bravely than this affliction.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIa<br /> - -CAESAR IMP. S. D. CICERONI IMP.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in itinere -in. m. Mart. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Cum Furnium nostrum tantum vidissem neque loqui -neque audire meo commodo potuissem, properarem -atque essem in itinere praemissis iam legionibus, -praeterire tamen non potui, quin et scriberem ad te -et illum mitterem gratiasque agerem, etsi hoc et feci -saepe et saepius mihi facturus videor. Ita de me -mereris. In primis a te peto, quoniam confido me -celeriter ad urbem venturum, ut te ibi videam, ut -tuo consilio, gratia, dignitate, ope omnium rerum uti -possim. Ad propositum revertar; festinationi meae -brevitatique litterarum ignosces. Reliqua ex Furnio -cognosces.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Formiis III -Id. Mart. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Scripseram ad te epistulam, quam darem <span class="smcap">IIII</span> Idus. -Sed eo die is, cui dare volueram, non est profectus. -Venit autem eo ipso die ille "celeripes," quem Salvius -dixerat. Attulit uberrimas tuas litteras; quae mihi -quiddam quasi animulae instillarunt; recreatum enim -me non queo dicere. Sed plane τὸ συνέχον effecisti. -Ego enim non iam id ago, mihi crede, ut prosperos -exitus consequar. Sic enim video, nec duobus his -vivis nec hoc uno nos umquam rem publicam habituros.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIa<br /> - -CAESAR THE IMPERATOR SENDS GREETINGS TO CICERO THE -IMPERATOR.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>On the -march, -March</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Though I have only had a glimpse of our friend -Furnius, and have not yet been able conveniently to -speak to him or hear what he has to say, being in a -hurry and on the march, yet I could not neglect the -opportunity of writing to you and sending him to -convey my thanks. Be sure I have often thanked -you and I expect to have occasion to do so still more -often in the future: so great are your services to me. -First I beg you, since I trust that I shall quickly -reach Rome, to let me see you there, and employ -your advice, favour, position and help of all kinds. -I will return to what I began with: pardon my haste -and the shortness of my letter. All the other -information you may get from Furnius.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 13</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I wrote you a letter dated the 12th of March, but -on that day the man to whom I meant to give it did -not set out. However, on that very day there -arrived that "sprinter," as Salvius called him, bringing -your very full epistle which has put just a drop -of life into me, for recovered I cannot profess to be. -Clearly you have done the one thing needful. Believe -me I am not acting now with a view to a lucky -issue; for I see that we can never enjoy a Republic -while these two men live, or this one alone. So I</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span></p> - -<p>Ita neque de otio nostro spero iam nec ullam -acerbitatem recuso. Unum illud extimescebam, ne -quid turpiter facerem, vel dicam iam ne fecissem.</p> - -<p>Sic ergo habeto, salutares te mihi litteras misisse -neque solum has longiores, quibus nihil potest esse -explicatius, nihil perfectius, sed etiam illas breviores, -in quibus hoc mihi iucundissimum fuit, consilium -factumque nostrum a Sexto probari, pergratumque -mihi tu ...<a name="FNanchor_84_84" id="FNanchor_84_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_84_84" class="fnanchor">[84]</a> fecisti; a quo et diligi me et, quid -rectum sit, intellegi scio. Longior vero tua epistula -non me solum, sed meos omnes aegritudine levavit. -Itaque utar tuo consilio et ero in Formiano, ne aut -ad urbem ἀπάντησις mea animadvertatur, aut, si nec -hic nec illic eum videro, devitatum se a me putet. -Quod autem suades, ut ab eo petam, ut mihi concedat, -ut idem tribuam Pompeio, quod ipsi tribuerim, -id me iam pridem agere intelleges ex litteris Balbi -et Oppi, quarum exempla tibi misi. Misi etiam -Caesaris ad eos sana mente scriptas quo modo in -tanta insania. Sin mihi Caesar hoc non concedat, -video tibi placere illud, me πολίτευμα de pace suscipere; -in quo non extimesco periculum (cum enim -tot impendeant, cur non honestissimo depecisci -velim?), sed vereor, ne Pompeio quid oneris imponam,</p> - -<p class="center">μή μοι γοργείην κεφαλὴν δεινοῖο πελώρου -</p> - -<p>intorqueat. Mirandum enim in modum Gnaeus noster -Sullani regni similitudinem concupivit. Εἰδώς -σοι λέγω. Nihil ille umquam minus obscure tulit.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span></p><div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_84_84" id="Footnote_84_84"></a><a href="#FNanchor_84_84"><span class="label">[84]</span></a> <em>After</em> tu <em>there is probably a lacuna which should be filled -by some such words as those suggested by Lehmann</em>: fecisti, -quod me de iudicio eius certiorem.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> - -<p>have no hope of ease for myself and I do not refuse -to contemplate as possible any bitterness. The one -thing I dread is doing, or, perhaps I should say, -having done, anything disgraceful.</p> - -<div class="sidenote-english">Odyssey xi, 663</div> - -<p>So please consider that your letter was good for -me, and not only the longer, most explicit and perfect -epistle, but also the shorter, in which the most -delightful thing was to find that my policy and action -is approved by Sextus. You have done me a great -kindness....<a name="FNanchor_85_85" id="FNanchor_85_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_85_85" class="fnanchor">[85]</a> Of his affection and sense of honour -I am sure. But that longer letter of yours has -relieved not only me but all my friends from our -sorry state: so I will follow your advice and remain -in the villa at Formiae, that my meeting with Caesar -outside the city may not excite comment, or, if I do -not meet him either here or there, I may not lead -him to think I have shunned him. As for your -advice to ask him to allow me to pay Pompey the -same homage as I did to him, you will understand I -have been doing that long since, when you see the -copies I forward of letters of Balbus and Oppius. I send -also a letter addressed by Caesar to them, which is -sane enough considering these mad times. But, if -Caesar should refuse my request, I see that you think -I should undertake to be a peace-maker. In that rôle -I do not fear danger—for, with so many dangers -overhanging, why should I not compound by taking -the most respectable—but I fear lest I may embarrass -Pompey, and he fix on me "the Gorgon gaze of his -dread eye." It is wonderful to see how Pompey -desires to imitate Sulla's reign. I know what I am -saying. He has made no secret of it. Then why</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_85_85" id="Footnote_85_85"></a><a href="#FNanchor_85_85"><span class="label">[85]</span></a> Adopting Lehmann's suggestion "in telling me of his -opinion."</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></span></p> - -<p>"Cum hocne igitur," inquies, "esse vis?" Beneficium -sequor, mihi crede, non causam, [ut in Milone, -ut in.... Sed hactenus].<a name="FNanchor_86_86" id="FNanchor_86_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_86_86" class="fnanchor">[86]</a> "Causa igitur non bona -est?" Immo optima, sed agetur, memento, foedissime. -Primum consilium est suffocare urbem et -Italiam fame, deinde agros vastare, urere, pecuniis -locupletum non abstinere. Sed, cum eadem metuam -ab hac parte, si illim beneficium non sit, rectius -putem quidvis domi perpeti. Sed ita meruisse illum -de me puto, ut ἀχαριστίας crimen subire non audeam, -quamquam a te eius quoque rei iusta defensio est -explicata.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_86_86" id="Footnote_86_86"></a><a href="#FNanchor_86_86"><span class="label">[86]</span></a> <em>The words in brackets are probably a gloss which has crept -into the text.</em></p></div> - -<p>De triumpho tibi adsentior, quem quidem totum -facile et lubenter abiecero. Egregie probo fore ut, -dum agamus, ὁ πλόος ὡραῖος obrepat. "Si modo," -inquis, "satis ille erit firmus." Est firmior etiam, -quam putabamus. De isto licet bene speres. Promitto -tibi, si valebit, tegulam illum in Italia nullam -relicturum. "Tene igitur socio?" Contra mehercule -meum iudicium et contra omnium antiquorum -auctoritatem, nec tam ut illa adiuvem, quam ut haec -ne videam, cupio discedere. Noli enim putare tolerabiles -horum insanias nec unius modi fore. Etsi -quid te horum fugit, legibus, iudicibus, iudiciis -senatu sublato libidines, audacias, sumptus, egestates -tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res -nec rem publicam sustinere? Abeamus igitur inde -qualibet navigatione; etsi id quidem, ut tibi videbitur,</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></span></p> - -<p>do I wish to be associated with such a man? Believe -me I follow gratitude, not a cause [and I did in the -case of Milo and in.... But enough of this.] "Then -the cause is not good?" Yes, the best in the world; -but remember it will be handled in the most disgraceful -way. The first plan is to throttle Rome and -Italy and starve them, then to lay waste and burn -the country, and not to keep hands off the riches of -the wealthy. But, since I have the same fears on -Caesar's side too, if it were not for favours on the -other side, I should think it better to stay in Rome -and suffer what comes. But so bounden do I consider -myself to Pompey that I cannot endure to risk -the charge of ingratitude. But you have said all -that can be said for that course too.</p> - -<p>About my triumph I agree with you. I can throw -it away willingly and with ease. I am delighted -with your remark that it may be, while I am considering, -"the chance to sail" may arise. "Yes," you -say, "if only Pompey is firm enough." He is more -firm than I imagined. In him you may be confident. -I promise you, if he succeeds, he will not leave a tile -in Italy. "Will you help him, then?" By heaven, -against my own judgement and against all the lessons -of the past I desire to depart, not so much that -I may help Pompey, as that I may not see what is -being done here. For please do not think that the -madness of these parties will be endurable or of one -kind. However, it is obvious to you that when laws, -juries, courts and Senate are abolished, neither private -nor public resources will be able to bear up -against the lusts, daring, extravagance and necessity -of so many needy men. So let me depart on any kind -of voyage: be it whatever you will, only let me depart.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span></p> - -<p>sed certe abeamus. Sciemus enim, id quod exspectas, -quid Brundisi actum sit.</p> - -<p>Bonis viris quod ais probari, quae adhuc fecerimus, -scirique ab iis nos non profectos, valde gaudeo, si est -nunc ullus gaudendi locus. De Lentulo investigabo -diligentius. Id mandavi Philotimo, homini forti ac -nimium optimati.</p> - -<p>Extremum est, ut tibi argumentum ad scribendum -fortasse iam desit. Nec enim alia de re nunc ulla -scribi potest, et de hac quid iam amplius inveniri -potest? Sed, quoniam et ingenium suppeditat (dico -mehercule, ut sentio) et amor, quo et meum ingenium -incitatur, perge, ut facis, et scribe, quantum potes.</p> - -<p>In Epirum quod me non invitas, comitem non -molestum, subirascor. Sed vale. Nam, ut tibi ambulandum, -ungendum, sic mihi dormiendum. Etenim -litterae tuae mihi somnum attulerunt.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIIa<br /> - -BALBUS ET OPPIUS S. D. M. CICERONI.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Romae -VI aut V -Id. Mart. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Nedum hominum humilium, ut nos sumus, sed -etiam amplissimorum virorum consilia ex eventu, non -ex voluntate a plerisque probari solent. Tamen freti -tua humanitate, quod verissimum nobis videbitur, de -eo, quod ad nos scripsisti, tibi consilium dabimus. -Quod si non fuerit prudens, at certe ab optima fide -et optimo animo proficiscetur.</p> - -<p>Nos, si id, quod nostro iudicio Caesarem facere</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span></p> - -<p>For I shall know the news you are waiting -for, what has happened at Brundisium.</p> - -<p>If, as you say, my conduct hitherto has been -approved by the loyal party and they are aware -I have not gone away, I am very glad indeed, if now -there is any place for gladness. As for Lentulus I -will make more careful inquiries. I have entrusted -the matter to Philotimus, a man of courage and -excessive loyalty.</p> - -<p>The last thing I have to say is, that perhaps you -lack a theme for your letters—for one can write on -no other topic, and what more can be said on this? -But since there is plenty of ability in you (and upon -my soul I speak as I feel) and affection which also -spurs my own wit, go on as you are doing and write -as much as you can.</p> - -<p>I am rather annoyed that you do not invite me as -your guest to Epirus when you know I should give -you no trouble. But good-bye. You want your -walk and perfumery and I want my sleep: for your -letter has induced sleep.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIIa<br /> - -BALBUS AND OPPIUS TO M. CICERO, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 10 or -11</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Advice—even the advice of distinguished persons, -let alone nobodies like ourselves—is generally judged -by results and not by intentions. However, relying -on your kindness of heart, we will give you the -soundest advice we can on the point about which -you wrote, and, even if its wisdom may be doubted, -there will be no doubt that it springs from good faith -and good feeling.</p> - -<p>If we had heard from Caesar's own lips that he</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span></p> - -<p>oportere existimamus, ut, simul Romam venerit, agat -de reconciliatione gratiae suae et Pompei, id eum facturum -ex ipso cognovissemus, deberemus<a name="FNanchor_87_87" id="FNanchor_87_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_87_87" class="fnanchor">[87]</a> te hortari, -ut velles iis rebus interesse, quo facilius et maiore -cum dignitate per te, qui utrique es coniunctus, res -tota confieret, aut, si ex contrario putaremus Caesarem -id non facturum, et etiam velle cum Pompeio bellum -gerere sciremus, numquam tibi suaderemus, contra -hominem optime de te meritum arma ferres, sicuti -te semper oravimus, ne contra Caesarem pugnares. -Sed, cum etiam nunc, quid facturus Caesar sit, magis -opinari quam scire possimus,<a name="FNanchor_88_88" id="FNanchor_88_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_88_88" class="fnanchor">[88]</a> non possumus nisi hoc, -non videri eam tuam esse dignitatem neque fidem -omnibus cognitam, ut contra alterutrum, cum utrique -sis maxime necessarius, arma feras, et hoc non dubitamus -quin Caesar pro sua humanitate maxime sit -probaturus. Nos tamen, si tibi videbitur, ad Caesarem -scribemus, ut nos certiores faciat, quid hac re acturus -sit. A quo si erit nobis rescriptum, statim, quae -sentiemus, ad te scribemus, et tibi fidem faciemus -nos ea suadere, quae nobis videntur tuae dignitati, -non Caesaris actioni esse utilissima, et hoc Caesarem -pro sua indulgentia in suos probaturum putamus.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_87_87" id="Footnote_87_87"></a><a href="#FNanchor_87_87"><span class="label">[87]</span></a> deberemus <em>added by Lehmann</em>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_88_88" id="Footnote_88_88"></a><a href="#FNanchor_88_88"><span class="label">[88]</span></a> possimus <em>added by Ascensius</em>.</p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIIb<br /> - -BALBUS CICERONI IMP. SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Romae -V aut IV Id. -Mart. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>S. V. B. Posteaquam litteras communes cum Oppio -ad te dedi, ab Caesare epistulam accepi, cuius exemplum</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[Pg 209]</a></span></p> - -<p>was going to do, what in our opinion he ought to do, -as soon as he reaches Rome, that is to say try to -effect a reconciliation with Pompey, we should feel -it our duty to exhort you to take part in the negotiations, -as the whole thing could most easily and -with the greatest dignity be carried through by you, -who have ties with both parties. If on the contrary -we thought Caesar was not going to follow that -course, and knew that he even wished to wage war -with Pompey, we should never advise you to bear -arms against a man who has done you such good -service, just as we have always begged you not to -fight against Caesar. But, since Caesar's intentions -are still mere guesswork, we can only say that it -does not seem consonant with your dignity or your -well-known sense of honour to bear arms against -either of them, as you are intimate with both: and -we have no doubt that Caesar will be generous -enough to approve of this course. If you wish it, -however, we will write to Caesar to ascertain his -intentions in this matter. If he sends us an answer, -we will let you know our opinion at once, and convince -you that we are giving the advice which seems -to us to be best for your dignity, not for Caesar's -policy, and, such is Caesar's consideration for his -friends, that we feel sure he will approve of such a -course.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIIb<br /> - -BALBUS TO CICERO, THE IMPERATOR, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Rome, -March 11 or -12</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I hope you are well.<a name="FNanchor_89_89" id="FNanchor_89_89"></a><a href="#Footnote_89_89" class="fnanchor">[89]</a> After sending you a letter -in conjunction with Oppius I had a note from Caesar, -of which I am forwarding a copy. From it you can</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_89_89" id="Footnote_89_89"></a><a href="#FNanchor_89_89"><span class="label">[89]</span></a> The letters <em>S.V.B.</em> stand for <em>si vales bene (est)</em>.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[Pg 210]</a></span></p> - -<p>tibi misi. Ex quibus perspicere poteris, -quam cupiat concordiam suam et Pompei reconciliare, -et quam remotus sit ab omni crudelitate; quod eum -sentire, ut debeo, valde gaudeo. De te et tua fide et -pietate idem mehercule, mi Cicero, sentio quod tu, -non posse tuam famam et officium sustinere, ut contra -eum arma feras, a quo tantum beneficium te accepisse -praedices. Caesarem hoc idem probaturum exploratum -pro singulari eius humanitate habeo, eique -cumulatissime satis facturum te certo scio, cum nullam -partem belli contra cum suscipias neque socius -eius adversariis fueris. Atque hoc non solum in te, -tali et tanto viro, satis habebit, sed etiam mihi ipse -sua concessit voluntate, ne in iis castris essem, quae -contra Lentulum aut Pompeium futura essent, quorum -beneficia maxima haberem, sibique satis esse dixit, si -togatus urbana officia sibi praestitissem, quae etiam -illis, si vellem, praestare possem. Itaque nunc Romae -omnia negotia Lentuli procuro, sustineo, meumque -officium, fidem, pietatem iis praesto. Sed mehercule -rursus iam abiectam compositionis spem non desperatissimam -esse puto, quoniam Caesar est ea mente, -quam optare debemus.</p> - -<p>Hac re mihi placet, si tibi videtur, te ad eum scribere -et ab eo praesidium petere, ut petiisti a Pompeio -me quidem adprobante temporibus Milonianis. Praestabo, -si Caesarem bene novi, eum prius tuae dignitatis -quam suae utilitatis rationem habiturum.</p> - -<p>Haec quam prudenter tibi scribam, nescio, sed illud</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[Pg 211]</a></span></p> - -<p>see how eager he is for a reconciliation between himself -and Pompey, and how far removed all cruelty is -from his thoughts: and I am, as in duty bound, very -glad that he takes that view. As for yourself and -your honour, and loyalty to your friends, I give you -my word, my dear Cicero, that I think as you do, that -your reputation and your duty will not admit of your -bearing arms against a man, from whom you acknowledge -that you have received such favours. I have -not the slightest doubt that Caesar with his extraordinary -kindness will agree, and that you will satisfy -him abundantly, by taking no part against him -in the war and not siding with his opponents. And -this he will count sufficient not only in the case of so -important a personage as yourself, but even to me of -his own free will he has granted the same permission -not to enter a camp which would be opposed to Lentulus -and Pompey, to whom I am under great obligations: -and he has said he is quite satisfied, if I should -perform peaceful civic functions for him, which I am -at liberty to perform for them too, if I wish. So I -am acting now as Lentulus' deputy at Rome and carrying -out his business, fulfilling my duty and maintaining -my honour and loyalty to them. But really, -though I had given up hope of peace, I am no longer -in despair of it, since Caesar is in the mood in -which we would wish him to be.</p> - -<p>Under the circumstances I see no objection, if you -think fit, to your writing and asking for his protection, -as you did for Pompey's, with my approval, at Milo's -trial. If I know anything of Caesar, I will guarantee -that he will consider your dignity more than his own -advantage.</p> - -<p>How far the advice I am sending may be right, I</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[Pg 212]</a></span></p> - -<p>certe scio, me ab singulari amore ac benevolentia, -quaecumque scribo, tibi scribere, quod te (ita incolumi -Caesare moriar!) tanti facio, ut paucos aeque ac -te caros habeam. De hac re cum aliquid constitueris, -velim mihi scribas. Nam non mediocriter laboro, -utrique, ut vis, tuam benevolentiam praestare possis, -quam mehercule te praestaturum confide. Fac valeas.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIIc<br /> - -CAESAR OPPIO, CORNELIO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in itinere -paulo -ante ep. 7 B.</em></div> - -<p>Gaudeo mehercule vos significare litteris, quam -valde probetis ea, quae apud Corfinium sunt gesta. -Consilio vestro utar lubenter, et hoc lubentius, quod -mea sponte facere constitueram, ut quam lenissimum -me praeberem et Pompeium darem operam ut reconciliarem. -Temptemus, hoc modo si possimus omnium -voluntates recuperare et diuturna victoria uti, quoniam -reliqui crudelitate odium effugere non potuerunt -neque victoriam diutius tenere praeter unum L. Sullam, -quem imitaturus non sum. Haec nova sit ratio -vincendi, ut misericordia et liberalitate nos muniamus. -Id quem ad modum fieri possit, non nulla mi in mentem -veniunt, et multa reperiri possunt. De his rebus -rogo vos ut cogitationem suscipiatis.</p> - -<p>N. Magium, Pompei praefectum, deprehendi. Scilicet -meo instituto usus sum et eum statim missum</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[Pg 213]</a></span></p> - -<p>do not know; but one thing I do know, that, in sending -what I am sending to you, I am actuated by -more than ordinary affection and goodwill. Though I -am ready to die for Caesar's sake, there are few that -I esteem as highly as I esteem you. When you have -made up your mind on the point, I should like you to -let me know, for I am much concerned that you -should be able to show your goodwill to both parties, -as you desire: and I have not the faintest doubt that -you will. Take care of your health.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIIc<br /> - -CAESAR TO OPPIUS AND CORNELIUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>On the road, -shortly before -7 B.</em></div> - -<p>I am very glad to hear from your letters how -strongly you approve of what happened at Corfinium. -I shall follow your advice with pleasure—with all the -more pleasure, because I had myself made up my mind -to act with the greatest moderation, and to do my -best to effect a reconciliation with Pompey. Let us -see if by moderation we can win all hearts and secure -a lasting victory, since by cruelty others have been -unable to escape from hatred and to maintain their -victory for any length of time except L. Sulla, whose -example I do not intend to follow. This is a new -way of conquering, to strengthen one's position by -kindness and generosity. As to how this can be -done, some ideas have occurred to me and many -more can be found. I should like you to turn some -attention to the matter.</p> - -<p>I have taken N. Magius, a praefect of Pompey. Of -course I kept to my policy and set him free at once.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[Pg 214]</a></span></p> - -<p>feci. Iam duo praefecti fabrum Pompei in meam potestatem -venerunt et a me missi sunt. Si volent grati -esse, debebunt Pompeium hortari, ut malit mihi esse -amicus quam iis, qui et illi et mihi semper fuerunt -inimicissimi; quorum artificiis effectum est, ut res -publica in hunc statum perveniret.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Formiano -prid. Id. -Mart. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Cenantibus <span class="smcap">II</span> Idus nobis, ac noctu quidem,, Statius -a te epistulam brevem attulit. De L. Torquato quod -quaeris, non modo Lucius, sed etiam Aulus profectus -est, alter multos.<a name="FNanchor_90_90" id="FNanchor_90_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_90_90" class="fnanchor">[90]</a> De Reatinorum corona quod scribis, -moleste fero in agro Sabino sementem fieri proscriptionis. -Senatores multos esse Romae nos quoque -audieramus. Ecquid potes dicere, cur exierint? In -his locis opinio est coniectura magis quam nuntio -aut litteris Caesarem Formiis a. d. <span class="smcap">XI</span> Kal. Apriles -fore. Hic ego vellem habere Homeri illam Minervam -simulatam Mentori, cui dicerem:</p> - -<p>Μέντορ, πῶς τ' ἄρ' ἴω, πῶς τ' ἂρ προσπτύξομαι αὐτόν;</p> - -<p>Nullam rem umquam difficiliorem cogitavi, sed cogito -tamen nec ero ut in malis imparatus. Sed cura, ut -valeas. Puto enim diem tuum heri fuisse.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[Pg 215]</a></span></p><div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_90_90" id="Footnote_90_90"></a><a href="#FNanchor_90_90"><span class="label">[90]</span></a> <em>For the unintelligible</em> alter multos <em>Reid suggests</em> ante -multo; <em>Purser</em> alter duos aliquos dies abest, alter multos.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> - -<p>So now two of Pompey's praefects of engineers have -fallen into my hands and I have set them free. If -they have any gratitude, they ought to exhort Pompey -to prefer my friendship to that of men who were -always the bitterest enemies both to him and to me. -It is their machinations that have brought the State -into its present plight.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 14</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<div class="sidenote-english">Odyssey iii, 22</div> - -<p>As I was dining on the 14th, and indeed after -nightfall, Statius brought a short letter from you. For -your query about L. Torquatus, not only Lucius but -also Aulus has gone [the former some two days],<a name="FNanchor_91_91" id="FNanchor_91_91"></a><a href="#Footnote_91_91" class="fnanchor">[91]</a> the -latter a long time ago. For your news about the sale -of prisoners at Reate, I am sorry that the seeds of a -proscription should be sown in the Sabine district. -That many members of the House are at Rome, I -also have heard. Can you give any reason why they -ever left it? Here there is an idea based on guesswork -rather than message or dispatch that Caesar -will be at Formiae on March the 22nd. I wish I -could have here Homer's Minerva disguised as Mentor, -that I might say to her, "Mentor, how shall I go, -and how shall I welcome him, pray?" I have never -had a more difficult step to think of. But I think of -it nevertheless: nor shall I be unprepared, so far as -the evil days permit. Take care of yourself, for I -fancy yesterday was the day for your fever.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_91_91" id="Footnote_91_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91_91"><span class="label">[91]</span></a> Adopting Purser's suggestion.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[Pg 216]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IX<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Formiano -XVI K. -Apr. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Tres epistulas tuas accepi postridie Idus. Erant -autem <span class="smcap">IIII</span>, <span class="smcap">III</span>, pridie Idus datae. Igitur antiquissimae -cuique primum respondebo. Adsentio tibi, ut in -Formiano potissimum commorer, etiam de supero -mari, temptaboque,<a name="FNanchor_92_92" id="FNanchor_92_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_92_92" class="fnanchor">[92]</a> ut antea ad te scripsi, ecquonam -modo possim voluntate eius nullam rei publicae -partem attingere. Quod laudas, quia oblivisci me -scripsi ante facta et delicta nostri amici, ego vero ita -facio. Quin ea ipsa, quae a te commemorantur, -secus ab eo in me ipsum facta esse non memini. -Tanto plus apud me valere beneficii gratiam quam -iniuriae dolorem volo. Faciamus igitur, ut censes, -colligamusque nos. Σοφιστεύω enim, simul ut rus -decurro, atque in decursu θέσεις meas commentari -non desino. Sed sunt quaedam earum perdifficiles -ad iudicandum. De optimatibus sit sane ita, ut vis; -sed nosti illud Διονύσιος ἐν Κορίνθω.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_92_92" id="Footnote_92_92"></a><a href="#FNanchor_92_92"><span class="label">[92]</span></a> temptaboque <em>Nipperdey</em>: plaboque <em>M</em>: perlabor <em>I</em>.</p></div> - -<p>Titini filius apud Caesarem est. Quod autem quasi -vereri videris, ne mihi tua consilia displiceant, me -vero nihil delectat aliud nisi consilium et litterae -tuae. Quare fac, ut ostendis, ne destiteris ad me, -quicquid tibi in mentem venerit, scribere. Mihi nihil -potest esse gratius.</p> - -<p>Venio ad alteram nunc epistulam. Recte non credis -de numero militum; ipso dimidio plus scripsit</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[Pg 217]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IX<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 17</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I got three letters from you on the 16th. They -were dated the 12th, 13th and 14th. So I will take -the earliest first. I agree with you that it is best -for me to stay at Formiae. I also agree about the -Adriatic. But as I wrote you before, I will strive to -discover how I may be able with Caesar's goodwill -to keep quite clear of politics. You praise me for -saying that I forget Pompey's former misdeeds and -ill-doings, but it is a fact. Nay, those very actions -you call to mind, in which he did harm to me myself, -have no place in my memory. I am so determined -to feel gratitude for his kindness rather than resentment -for injuries. Let me act then as you decree, -and pull myself together. For I philosophize as I -walk about my estate, and in my perambulations I -do not cease to ponder my themes. But some of them -are very difficult to decide. As for the loyalists, let -it be as you wish. You know the old saying -"Dionysius in Corinth."<a name="FNanchor_93_93" id="FNanchor_93_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_93_93" class="fnanchor">[93]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_93_93" id="Footnote_93_93"></a><a href="#FNanchor_93_93"><span class="label">[93]</span></a> Dionysius, when expelled from the throne of Syracuse, -fled to Corinth and according to some authorities set up a -school there. But whether the saying here mentioned refers -merely to his exile and means "There are ups and downs in -life," or to his schoolmastering, as Jeans suggests, referring -to a passage in <em>Tusc.</em> <span class="smcap">III</span>, 27, where Cicero says Dionysius -took to schoolmastering because he wished to tyrannize -over somebody, is uncertain. If the latter, it would mean -that the <em>optimates</em> would ill-use Cicero again as soon as -they got the power.</p></div> - -<p>Titinius' son is with Caesar. You seem to fear -that your advice irks me; but nothing indeed pleases -me except your counsel and your letters. So do as -you promise. Do not omit to write to me anything -that comes into your mind; for nothing can delight -me more.</p> - -<p>I turn now to your next letter. You are right not</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[Pg 218]</a></span></p> - -<p>Clodia. Falsum etiam de corruptis navibus. Quod -consules laudas, ego quoque animum laudo, sed consilium -reprehendo; dispersu enim illorum actio de -pace sublata est, quam quidem ego meditabar. Itaque -postea Demetri librum de concordia tibi remisi et -Philotimo dedi. Nec vero dubito, quin exitiosum -bellum impendeat; cuius initium ducetur a fame. Et -me tamen doleo non interesse huic bello! In quo -tanta vis sceleris futura est, ut, cum parentes non -alere nefarium sit, nostri principes antiquissimam et -sanctissimam parentem, patriam, fame necandam -putent. Atque hoc non opinione timeo, sed interfui -sermonibus. Omnis haec classis Alexandria, Colchis, -Tyro, Sidone, Arado, Cypro, Pamphylia, Lycia, Rhodo, -Chio, Byzantio, Lesbo, Zmyrna, Mileto, Coo ad -intercludendos commeatus Italiae et ad occupandas -frumentarias provincias comparatur. At quam veniet -iratus! et iis quidem maxime, qui eum maxime salvum -volebant, quasi relictus ab iis, quos reliquit. Itaque -mihi dubitanti, quid me facere par sit, permagnum -pondus adfert benevolentia erga illum; qua dempta -perire melius esset in patria quam patriam servando -evertere. De septemtrione plane ita est. Metuo,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[Pg 219]</a></span></p> - -<p>to believe the reports about the number of Pompey's -soldiers. Clodia's letter made them just double. It -was untrue also about the destruction of the vessels. -You praise the consuls; so do I praise their courage, -but I blame their policy. Their departure has destroyed -the negotiations for peace, the very thing -which I was contemplating. So after that I returned -you Demetrius' book on Concord and gave it to -Philotimus. And I have no doubt a disastrous war -is imminent, which will be ushered in by famine. -And here I am lamenting that I have no hand in the -war, a war which will be so criminal, that though it -is wicked not to support one's parents, yet our chiefs -will not hesitate to destroy by starvation their country, -that most reverend and holiest of parents! And my -fears are not based on mere surmise. I have heard -their talk. All this fleet from Alexandria, Colchis, -Tyre, Sidon, Aradus, Cyprus, Pamphylia, Lycia, -Rhodes, Chius, Byzantium, Lesbos, Smyrna, Miletus, -Cos, is being got ready to cut off the supplies of Italy -and to blockade the grain-producing provinces. And -how angry Pompey will be when he comes, particularly -with those who particularly desire his safety, as -if he were abandoned by those whom he has abandoned! -So in my doubt what I ought to do, I am -greatly swayed by my good feeling towards Pompey. -Without that it were better to perish in my country, -than to destroy my country by saving it. As to the -north wind, it is clearly as you write. I fear Epirus</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[Pg 220]</a></span></p> - -<p>ne vexetur Epirus; sed quem tu locum Graeciae non -direptum iri putas? Praedicat enim palam et militibus -ostendit se largitione ipsa superiorem quam -hunc fore. Illud me praeclare admones, cum illum -videro, ne nimis indulgenter, et ut cum gravitate -potius loquar. Plane sic faciendum. Arpinum, cum -eum convenero, cogito, ne forte aut absim, cum -veniet, aut cursem huc illuc via deterrima. Bibulum, -ut scribis, audio venisse et redisse pridie Idus.</p> - -<p>Philotimum, ut ais in epistula tertia, exspectabas. -At ille Idibus a me profectus est. Eo serius ad tuam -illam epistulam, cui ego statim rescripseram, redditae -sunt meae litterae. De Domitio, ut scibis, ita -opinor esse, ut et in Cosano sit, et consilium eius -ignoretur. Iste omnium turpissimus et sordidissimus, -qui consularia comitia a praetore ait haberi posse, est -idem, qui semper in re publica fuit. Itaque nimirum -hoc illud est, quod Caesar scribit in ea epistula, cuius -exemplum ad te misi, se velle uti "consilio" meo (age, -esto; hoc commune est), "gratia" (ineptum id quidem, -sed, puto, hoc simulat ad quasdam senatorum -sententias), "dignitate" (fortasse sententiae consularis). -Illud extremum est: "ope omnium rerum." Id -ego suspicari coepi tum ex tuis litteris aut hoc ipsum -esse aut non multo secus. Nam permagni eius interest -rem ad interregnum non venire. Id adsequitur, si -per praetorem consules creantur. Nos autem in libris</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[Pg 221]</a></span></p> - -<p>may be harassed, but do you suppose there is any -part of Greece that will not be robbed? Pompey -openly declares and shows his men that he will be -more liberal even than Caesar in largesse. You -do well to advise me, when I see Caesar, not to be -too complacent, and to speak rather with dignity. -Clearly I must do so. I am thinking of going to -Arpinum after I have met him; for I do not want to -be absent on his arrival, or to have to travel to and -fro in the wretched condition of the roads. I hear, -as you write, that Bibulus came and went back on -the 14th.</p> - -<div class="sidenote-english">Iliad iv, 182</div> - -<p>You say in your third letter that you were awaiting -Philotimus. He set out from me on the 15th. -That was why my reply to your letter, which I wrote -immediately, was late in reaching you. I think you -are right about Domitius, that he is in his place at -Cosa; but what his plan is, is not known. That disgraceful -mean blackguard M. Lepidus, who says that -the consular elections may be held by a praetor, is -playing his old part in politics. So that was the -meaning of the passage in Caesar's letter of which I -sent you a copy, that he wanted to enjoy my -"advice" (well, that is a general expression), my -"influence" (that is flattery, but I suppose he affects -to want it with a view to the votes of certain -senators), my "position" (perhaps he means my -vote as an ex-consul). His last phrase is "help in -every way." I have begun to suspect from your -letter that that is the point, or something very like -it. For it is highly important to him that there -should not be an interregnum. That point is attained, -if consuls are created by a praetor. But in our state -books it is set down that it is illegal not only for</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[Pg 222]</a></span></p> - -<p>habemus non modo consules a praetore, sed ne praetores -quidem creari ius esse, idque factum esse -numquam; consules eo non esse ius, quod maius imperium -a minore rogari non sit ius, praetores autem, -quod ita rogentur, ut collegae consulibus sint, quorum -est maius imperium. Aberit non longe, quin hoc a -me decerni velit neque sit contentus Galba, Scaevola, -Cassio, Antonio:</p> - -<p class="center">Τότε μοι χάνοι εὐρεῖα χθών! -</p> - -<p>Sed, quanta tempestas impendeat, vides. Qui -transierint senatores, scribam ad te, cum certum -habebo. De re frumentaria recte intellegis, quae -nullo modo administrari sine vectigalibus potest; nec -sine causa et eos, qui circum illum sunt, omnia postulantes -et bellum nefarium times. Trebatium nostrum, -etsi, ut scribis, nihil bene sperat, tamen videre sane -velim. Quem fac horteris, ut properet; opportune -enim ad me ante adventum Caesaris venerit. De -Lanuvino, statim ut audivi Phameam mortuum, optavi, -si modo esset futura res publica, ut id aliquis emeret -meorum, neque tamen de te, qui maxime meus es, -cogitavi. Sciebam enim te "quoto anno" et "quantum -in solo" solere quaerere neque solum Romae, sed -etiam Deli tuum διάγραμμα videram.<a name="FNanchor_94_94" id="FNanchor_94_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_94_94" class="fnanchor">[94]</a> Verum tamen -ego illud, quamquam est bellum, minoris aestimo, -quam aestimabatur Marcellino consule, cum ego istos -hortulos propter domum Anti, quam tum habebam, -iucundiores mihi fore putabam et minore impensa, -quam si Tusculanum refecissem. Volui HS. Q. Egi -per praedem, ille daret tanti, cum haberet venale.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_94_94" id="Footnote_94_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_94_94"><span class="label">[94]</span></a> διάγραμμα <em>Malespina</em>; digamma <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[Pg 223]</a></span></p> - -<p>consuls to be created by the praetors, but for the very -praetors themselves, and that it has never been done; -that it is illegal for consuls, because it is illegal for persons -with greater powers to be proposed for election by -those with less; for praetors, because they are proposed -as colleagues of the consuls who have the greater -powers. The next thing will be, he will want me to -vote for it, and he will not be content with Galba, -Scaevola, Cassius and Antonius, "then let the wide -earth swallow me." But you see what a storm is coming. -Which senators have crossed over to Pompey I will -tell you as soon as I know. You are right about the -corn supply: it cannot be done without taxation: and -you have cause to fear the exorbitant demands of -Pompey's associates and a wicked war. I should much -like to see my friend Trebatius, although you tell me -he is in despair. Do bid him hurry, for it will be convenient, -if he comes before Caesar's arrival. As for -that estate at Lanuvium, as soon as I heard of the -death of Phamea, I longed, if the constitution was -going to last, that one of my friends should buy it, -and yet I did not think of you, my best friend of all. -For I know that it is your custom to inquire in how -many years you may recoup yourself of a purchase, -and the value of fixtures, and I had seen your inventory -not only at Rome but at Delos. But, though -it is a pretty property, I rate it at a lower value than it -was rated in Marcellinus' consulship, when I thought -that, owing to the house I then had at Antium, those -little gardens would please me better and cost less -than the repair of my villa at Tusculum. I wanted -the property for £4,500.<a name="FNanchor_95_95" id="FNanchor_95_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_95_95" class="fnanchor">[95]</a> I made an offer to that -amount through a third party, when he was putting</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_95_95" id="Footnote_95_95"></a><a href="#FNanchor_95_95"><span class="label">[95]</span></a> Q. = quingentis millibus, i.e. 500,000 sesterces.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[Pg 224]</a></span></p> - -<p>Noluit. Sed nunc omnia ista iacere puto propter -nummorum caritatem. Mihi quidem erit aptissimum -vel nobis potius, si tu emeris; sed eius dementias cave -contemnas. Valde est venustum. Quamquam mihi -ista omnia iam addicta vastitati videntur.</p> - -<p>Respondi epistulis tribus, sed exspecto alias; nam -me adhuc tuae litterae sustentarunt. D. Liberalibus.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>X<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Formiano -XV K. Apr. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Nihil habebam, quod scriberem. Neque enim -novi quicquam audieram et ad tuas omnes rescripseram -pridie. Sed, cum me aegritudo non solum -somno privaret, verum ne vigilare quidem sine summo -dolore pateretur, tecum ut quasi loquerer, in quo -uno acquiesco, hoc nescio quid nullo argumento proposito -scribere institui.</p> - -<p>Amens mihi fuisse videor a principio, et me una -haec res torquet, quod non omnibus in rebus labentem -vel potius ruentem Pompeium tamquam unus -manipularis secutus sim. Vidi hominem <span class="smcap">XIIII</span> K. -Febr. plenum formidinis. Illo ipso die sensi, quid -ageret. Numquam mihi postea placuit, nec umquam -aliud in alio peccare destitit. Nihil interim ad me -scribere, nihil nisi fugam cogitare. Quid quaeris? -sicut ἐν τοῖς ἐρωτικοῖς alienant immundae, insulsae, -indecorae, sic me illius fugae neglegentiaeque deformitas</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[Pg 225]</a></span></p> - -<p>it up for sale: but he refused. Nowadays I suppose all -such property is depreciated on account of the scarcity -of money. It will suit me admirably, or rather us, if -you buy it. Don't despise the late owner's folly: it -is a most charming place. However, all these seats -seem now to be doomed to destruction.</p> - -<p>I have answered three of your letters; but I await -others. So far your letters have been my support.</p> - -<p>March 17.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>X<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 18</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I have nothing to write. There is no news that I -have heard, and all your letters I answered yesterday. -But as a sick heart not only robs me of sleep, but -will not allow me even to keep awake without -the greatest pain, I have begun to write to you -something or other without any definite subject, that -I may have a sort of talk with you, the only thing -that gives me relief.</p> - -<p>I seem to myself to have been mad from the very -beginning, and the one thing that tortures me is -that I did not follow Pompey like a private soldier, -when he was slipping or rather rushing to ruin. I -saw he was terrified on the 17th of January: on that -day I felt what he would do. Since then I have -never approved his course, and he has never ceased -to commit one blunder after another. Meantime -not a letter to me, nothing but thoughts of flight. -Well! Just as in love affairs men are repelled by untidiness, -stupidity and indelicacy, so the ugliness of</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[Pg 226]</a></span></p> - -<p>avertit ab amore. Nihil enim dignum faciebat, -quare eius fugae comitem me adiungerem. Nunc -emergit amor, nunc desiderium ferre non possum, -nunc mihi nihil libri, nihil litterae, nihil doctrina -prodest. Ita dies et noctes tamquam avis illa mare -prospecto, evolare cupio. Do, do poenas temeritatis -meae. Etsi quae fuit illa temeritas? quid feci non -consideratissime? Si enim nihil praeter fugam -quaereretur, fugissem libentissime, sed genus belli -crudelissimi et maximi, quod nondum vident homines -quale futurum sit, perhorrui. Quae minae municipiis, -quae nominatim viris bonis, quae denique omnibus, -qui remansissent! quam crebro illud "Sulla potuit, -ego non potero?"! Mihi autem haeserunt illa. Male -Tarquinius, qui Porsenam, qui Octavium Mamilium -contra patriam, impie Coriolanus, qui auxilium petiit a -Volscis, recte Themistocles, qui mori maluit, nefarius -Hippias, Pisistrati filius, qui in Marathonia pugna -cecidit arma contra patriam ferens. At Sulla, at -Marius, at Cinna recte, immo iure fortasse; sed quid -eorum victoria crudelius, quid funestius? Huius -belli genus fugi, et eo magis, quod crudeliora etiam -cogitari et parari videbam. Me, quem non nulli conservatorem -istius urbis, quem parentem esse dixerunt, -Getarum et Armeniorum et Colchorum copias ad eam -adducere? me meis civibus famem, vastitatem inferre -Italiae? Hunc primum mortalem esse, deinde etiam</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[Pg 227]</a></span></p> - -<p>his flight and his carelessness have estranged my -love. For he has done nothing of a kind to induce -me to share his flight. But now my old love breaks -forth: now I miss him intolerably: now books, -letters, philosophy, do not help me one whit. Day -and night, like that bird,<a name="FNanchor_96_96" id="FNanchor_96_96"></a><a href="#Footnote_96_96" class="fnanchor">[96]</a> I gaze at the sea, -and long to take flight. Sorely am I punished for -my rashness. Yet what rashness was there? I -acted with all deliberation. For, if flight were his -only object, I would have fled gladly enough. But I -was aghast at warfare so cruel and desperate, the -upshot of which is still unknown. What threats -against the country towns, against the loyalists by -name, in fact against all who should stay behind! -How frequently has he remarked "Sulla could do it, -and shall not I?" I could not get rid of thoughts -like these. It was base in Tarquin to egg on Porsena -and Octavius Mamilius against his country; it -was wicked in Coriolanus, to seek help from the -Volscians. Themistocles was right who preferred to -die. What a dastard was Hippias, the son of Pisistratus, -who fell at the battle of Marathon, bearing -arms against his country! Yes, but Sulla and Marius and -Cinna acted rightly, perhaps one should say within their -rights; but then victory brought cruelty and death. -I shrank from a war of that kind, and also because I saw -cruelty even greater was being planned and prepared. -Was it for me, whom some called the saviour and -father of Rome, to bring against her hordes of Getae, -Armenians and Colchians? Was it for me to bring -famine on my fellow-townsmen and devastation on -Italy? In the first place I reflected that Caesar was</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_96_96" id="Footnote_96_96"></a><a href="#FNanchor_96_96"><span class="label">[96]</span></a> Cf. Plato, <cite>Ep.</cite> vii, 348A, καθάπερ ὄρνις ποθῶν ποθὲν ἀναπτᾶσθαι -"Like a bird longing to fly somewhither."</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[Pg 228]</a></span></p> - -<p>multis modis posse exstingui cogitabam, urbem autem -et populum nostrum servandum ad immortalitatem, -quantum in nobis esset, putabam, et tamen spes -quaedam me oblectabat fore ut aliquid conveniret, -potius quam aut hic tantum sceleris aut ille tantum -flagitii admitteret.</p> - -<p>Alia res nunc tota est, alia mens mea. Sol, ut est -in tua quadam epistula, excidisse mihi e mundo videtur. -Ut aegroto, dum anima est, spes esse dicitur, -sic ego, quoad Pompeius in Italia fuit, sperare non -destiti. Haec, haec me fefellerunt, et, ut verum -loquar, aetas iam a diuturnis laboribus devexa ad -otium domesticarum me rerum delectatione mollivit. -Nunc, si vel periculose experiundum erit, experiar -certe, ut hinc avolem. Ante oportuit fortasse; sed -ea, quae scripsisti, me tardarunt, et auctoritas maxime -tua. Nam, cum ad hunc locum venissem, evolvi volumen -epistularum tuarum, quod ego sub signo habeo -servoque diligentissime. Erat igitur in ea, quam <span class="smcap">X</span> K. -Febr. dederas, hoc modo: "Sed videamus, et Gnaeus -quid agat, et illius rationes quorsum fluant. Quodsi -iste Italiam relinquet, faciet omnino male, et, ut ego -existimo, ἀλογίστως, sed tum demum consilia nostra -commutanda erunt." Hoc scribis post diem quartum, -quam ab urbe discessimus. Deinde <span class="smcap">VIII</span> K. Febr.: -"Tantum modo Gnaeus noster ne, ut urbem ἀλογίστως -reliquit, sic Italiam relinquat." Eodem die das alteras -litteras, quibus mihi consulenti planissime respondes. -Est enim sic: "Sed venio ad consultationem -tuam. Si Gnaeus Italia cedit, in urbem redeundum -puto; quae enim finis peregrinationis?" Hoc mihi</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[Pg 229]</a></span></p> - -<p>mortal, and besides might be got rid of in many -ways. But I thought that our city and our people -should be preserved so far as in us lay for immortality; -and anyhow I cherished a hope that some -arrangement might be made before Caesar perpetrated -such a crime or Pompey such iniquity.</p> - -<p>Now the case is altered and my mind is altered -too. The sun, as you say in one of your letters, -seems to me to have fallen out of the universe. As a -sick man is said to have hope, so long as he has -breath, so I did not cease to hope so long as Pompey -was in Italy. This, this was what deceived me, -and to speak the truth after my long labours my -life's evening falling peacefully has made me lazy -with the thought of domestic pleasures. But now, -even if risk must be run in fleeing hence, assuredly I -will run it. Perhaps I ought to have done it before: -but the points you wrote about delayed me, and -especially your influence. For, when I got so far, I -opened the packet of your letters, which I keep -under seal and preserve with the greatest care. In a -letter dated the 21st of January, you make the -following remark: "Let us see Pompey's policy and -the drift of his plans. Now if he leave Italy, it will -be wrong and to my mind irrational: but then and -not till then will be the time to change our plans." -This you wrote on the fourth day after I left Rome. -Then on the 23rd of January: "I only pray that our -friend Pompey will not leave Italy, as he has irrationally -left Rome." On the same day you wrote another -letter, a frank reply to my request for advice. It -runs: "But to answer the question on which you ask -advice, if Pompey leaves Italy, I think you ought to -return to Rome: for what can be the end to his</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[Pg 230]</a></span></p> - -<p>plane haesit, et nunc ita video, infinitum bellum -iunctum miserrima fuga, quam tu peregrinationem -ὑποκορίζη. Sequitur χρησμὸς <span class="smcap">VI</span> K. Februarias: -"Ego, si Pompeius manet in Italia, nec res ad pactionem -venit, longius bellum puto fore; sin Italiam -relinquit, ad posterum bellum ἄσπονδον strui existimo." -Huius igitur belli ego particeps et socius et adiutor -esse cogor, quod et ἄσπονδον est et cum civibus? -Deinde <span class="smcap">VII</span> Idus Febr., cum iam plura audires de -Pompei consilio, concludis epistulam quandam hoc -modo: "Ego quidem tibi non sim auctor, si Pompeius -Italiam relinquit, te quoque profugere. Summo -enim periculo facies nec rei publicae proderis; -cui quidem posterius poteris prodesse, si manseris." -Quem φιλόπατριν ac πολιτικὸν hominis prudentis et -amici tali admonitu non moveret auctoritas? Deinceps -<span class="smcap">III</span> Idus Febr. iterum mihi respondes consulenti -sic: "Quod quaeris a me, fugamne<a name="FNanchor_97_97" id="FNanchor_97_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_97_97" class="fnanchor">[97]</a> defendam an -moram utiliorem putem, ego vero in praesentia subitum -discessum et praecipitem profectionem cum tibi -tum ipsi Gnaeo inutilem et periculosam puto, et satius -esse existimo vos dispertitos et in speculis esse; sed -medius fidius turpe nobis puto esse de fuga cogitare." -Hoc turpe Gnaeus noster biennio ante cogitavit. Ita -sullaturit animus eius et proscripturit iam diu. Inde, -ut opinor, cum tu ad me quaedam γενικώτερον scripsisses, -et ego mihi a te significari putassem, ut Italia -cederem, detestaris hoc diligenter <span class="smcap">XI</span> K. Mart.: "Ego -vero nulla epistula significavi, si Gnaeus Italia cederet, -ut tu una cederes, aut, si significavi, non dico fui inconstans,</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_97_97" id="Footnote_97_97"></a><a href="#FNanchor_97_97"><span class="label">[97]</span></a> fugamne—putem, as <em>Otto Müller: M reads</em> fugamne fidam -(<em>corr. from</em> fedam) an moram defendam utiliorem putem. -<em>Other suggested emendations are</em> fugamne suadeam an moram -defendam utilioremque putem <em>(Klotz), and</em> fugamne foedam -an moram desidem utiliorem putem (<em>Manutius</em>).</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[Pg 231]</a></span></p> - -<p>wanderings?" This gave me pause, and I see now -endless war is attached to that wretched flight, which -you playfully called "wandering." There follows -your prophecy of the 25th of January: "If Pompey -stays in Italy and no arrangement is reached, I fancy -there will be a very long war. If he leaves Italy, I -think that for the future there will be war <em>à l'outrance</em>." -In this war then <em>à l'outrance</em>, this civil war, am I forced -to take part and lot and share? Next on the 7th of -February, when you had heard more of Pompey's -plans, you end a letter as follows: "I would not advise -you to flee, if Pompey leaves Italy. You will -run a very great risk, and will not help the country, -which you may be able to help hereafter, if you -remain." What patriot and politician would not be -influenced by such advice from a wise man and a -friend? Next on the 11th of February you answer -my request for counsel again as follows: "You ask -me whether I hold that flight or delay is more useful. -Well, I think that at the present juncture a sudden -departure and hasty journey would be useless and -dangerous both to yourself and to Pompey, and that -it were better for you to be apart, and each on his -own watch tower. But upon my honour I hold it -disgraceful of us to think of flight." This disgrace -our Pompey meditated two years ago: so long has he -been eager to play at Sulla and proscriptions. Then, -as I fancy, when you had written to me in more -general terms and I had thought that some of your -remarks hinted at my departure from Italy, you protest -emphatically against it on the 19th of February: -"In no letter have I hinted that you should -accompany Pompey, if he leaves Italy, or, if I did -hint it, I was worse than inconsistent, I was mad."</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[Pg 232]</a></span></p> - -<p>sed demens." In eadem epistula alio loco: -"Nihil relinquitur nisi fuga; cui te socium neutiquam -puto esse oportere nec umquam putavi." Totam -autem hanc deliberationem evolvis accuratius in litteris -<span class="smcap">VIII</span> Kal. Mart. datis: "Si M'. Lepidus et L. -Volcacius remanent, manendum puto, ita ut, si salvus -sit Pompeius et constiterit alicubi, hanc νέκυιαν relinquas -et te in certamine vinci cum illo facilius -patiaris quam cum hoc in ea, quae perspicitur futura, -colluvie regnare." Multa disputas huic sententiae -convenientia. Inde ad extremum: "Quid, si, inquis," -"Lepidus et Volcacius discedunt? Plane ἀπορῶ. -Quod evenerit igitur, et quod egeris, id στερκτέον putabo." -Si tum dubitaras, nunc certe non dubitas -istis manentibus. Deinde in ipsa fuga <span class="smcap">V</span> Kal. Martias: -"Interea non dubito quin in Formiano mansurus sis. -Commodissime enim τὸ μέλλον ibi καραδοκήσεις." Ad -K. Mart., cum ille quintum iam diem Brundisi esset: -"Tum poterimus deliberare non scilicet integra re, -sed certe minus infracta, quam si una proieceris te." -Deinde IIII Non. Martias, ὑπὸ τὴν λῆψιν cum breviter -scriberes, tamen ponis hoc: "Cras scribam plura et -ad omnia; hoc tamen dicam, non paenitere me consilii -de tua mansione, et, quamquam magna sollicitudine, -tamen, quia minus mali puto esse quam in illa -profectione, maneo in sententia et gaudeo te mansisse." -Cum vero iam angerer et timerem, ne quid a -me dedecoris esset admissum, <span class="smcap">III</span> Nonas Mart.: -"Tamen te non esse una cum Pompeio non fero -moleste. Postea, si opus fuerit, non erit difficile, et</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[Pg 233]</a></span></p> - -<p>In the same letter there is another passage: "Nothing -is left for Pompey but flight, in which I do not think -and never have thought that you should share." -This counsel you unroll in detail in your letter -dated the 22nd of February: "If M'. Lepidus and -L. Volcacius stay, I think you should stay, provided, -if Pompey wins safety and makes a stand anywhere, -you should leave these <em>âmes damnées</em>, and rather -share defeat with him than share Caesar's sovereignty -in the mire that will be." You argue at length in -support of this view, then at the end you say: "What -if Lepidus and Volcacius depart? I am quite at a -loss. So I shall think you must face the event and -abide by what you have done." If you had any doubt -then, you certainly have no doubt left now, as those -two persons remain in Italy. Next, when the flight -was actually made on Feb. 25: "Meantime I have no -doubt you should stay at Formiae. It will be most -convenient there to await the event." On the 1st -of March, when Pompey had been four days at -Brundisium: "Then we shall be able to debate, not -indeed with a free hand but assuredly less hampered, -than if you had shared his plunge." Next on the -4th of March, though you scribbled a line on the eve -of your fever bout, nevertheless you say this: "I will -write more to-morrow, and answer all your questions. -But I maintain this, that I am not sorry for advising -you to stay, and, though very anxious, still, because I -fancy it is better than flight, I stick to my opinion -and am glad that you have stayed in Italy." When -I was already tortured with fear that my conduct -was disgraceful on the 5th of March you write: -"However I am not sorry that you are not with -Pompey. Hereafter, if need arise, it will be easy,</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[Pg 234]</a></span></p> - -<p>illi, quoquo tempore fiet, erit ἀσμενιστόν. Sed hoc -ita dico, si hic, qua ratione initium fecit, eadem -cetera aget, sincere, temperate, prudenter, valde -videro et consideratius utilitati nostrae consuluero." -VII Idus Martias scribis Peducaeo quoque nostro probari, -quod quierim; cuius auctoritas multum apud me -valet. His ego tuis scriptis me consolor, ut nihil a -me adhuc delictum putem. Tu modo auctoritatem -tuam defendito; adversus me nihil opus est, sed -consciis egeo aliis. Ego, si nihil peccavi, reliqua -tuebor. Ad ea tute hortare et me omnino tua cogitatione -adiuva. Hic nihildum de reditu Caesaris -audiebatur. Ego his litteris hoc tamen profeci, -perlegi omnes tuas et in eo acquievi.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Formiano -XIII K. -Apr. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Lentulum nostrum scis Puteolis esse? Quod cum -e viatore quodam esset auditum, qui se diceret eum -in Appia, cum is paulum lecticam aperuisset, cognosse, -etsi vix veri simile, misi tamen Puteolos pueros, qui -pervestigarent, et ad eum litteras. Inventus est vix -in hortis suis se occultans litterasque mihi remisit -mirifice gratias agens Caesari; de suo autem consilio -C. Caesio mandata ad me dedisse. Eum ego hodie -exspectabam, id est <span class="smcap">XIII</span> K. Apriles.</p> - -<p>Venit etiam ad me Matius Quinquatribus, homo</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[Pg 235]</a></span></p> - -<p>and to him, whenever it happens, acceptable. When -I say this, it is with the reservation, that, if Caesar -continues, as he has begun, acting with good faith, -moderation and prudence, I must thoroughly review -the matter and consider more closely what our -interests advise." On the 9th of March you write -that my friend Peducaeus too approves my inaction: -and his authority has much weight with me. From -these lines of yours I console myself with the reflection -that so far I have done nothing wrong: but -pray support your position. So far as I am concerned -there is no need: but I want others to be my accomplices. -If I have not done wrong so far, I will -take care of the future. Do you maintain your exhortations -and assist me with your reflections. Here -nothing as yet has been heard about Caesar's return. -For myself I have won thus much good by my letter, -I have read all yours and found rest in the act.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 20</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Do you know that our friend Lentulus is at Puteoli? -I heard this from a passer-by, who declared he recognized -him on the Appian road as he drew aside the -curtains of his litter, and, though it seemed hardly -probable, I sent servants to Puteoli to track him and -hand him a letter. He was found with difficulty concealing -himself on his estate, and returned me a letter -in which he expressed amazing gratitude to Caesar. -But about his own plans he said he had sent me a -message by C. Caesius. I expect him to-day, the -20th of March.</p> - -<p>Matius also came to me on the 19th of March.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[Pg 236]</a></span></p> - -<p>mehercule, ut mihi visus est, temperatus et prudens; -existimatus quidem est semper auctor otii. Quam ille -hoc non probare mihi quidem visus est, quam illam -νέκυιαν, ut tu appellas, timere! Huic ego in multo -sermone epistulam ad me Caesaris ostendi, eam cuius -exemplum ad te antea misi, rogavique, ut interpretaretur, -quid esset, quod ille scriberet, "consilio meo -se uti velle, gratia, dignitate, ope rerum omnium." -Respondit se non dubitare, quin et opem et gratiam -meam ille ad pacificationem quaereret. Utinam aliquod -in hac miseria rei publicae πολιτικὸν opus efficere -et navare mihi liceat! Matius quidem et illum in ea -sententia esse confidebat et se auctorem fore pollicebatur.</p> - -<p>Pridie autem apud me Crassipes fuerat, qui se -pridie Non. Martias Brundisio profectum atque ibi -Pompeium reliquisse dicebat, quod etiam, qui viii -Idus illinc profecti erant, nuntiabant; illa vero omnes, -in quibus etiam Crassipes, qui pro sua prudentia potuit -attendere, sermones minaces, inimicos optimatium, -municipiorum hostes, meras proscriptiones, -meros Sullas; quae Lucceium loqui, quae totam -Graeciam, quae vero Theophanem! Et tamen omnis -spes salutis in illis est, et ego excubo animo nec partem -ullam capio quietis et, ut has pestes effugiam, cum -dissimillimis nostri esse cupio! Quid enim tu illic -Scipionem, quid Faustum, quid Libonem praetermissurum -sceleris putas, quorum creditores convenire -dicuntur? quid eos autem, cum vicerint, in cives effecturos? -quam vero μικροψυχίαν Gnaei nostri esse? Nuntiant -Aegyptum et Arabiam εὐδαίμονα et Μεσοποταμίαν</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[Pg 237]</a></span></p> - -<p>He seemed to me, I do declare, moderate and -sensible: certainly he has always been thought to be -in favour of peace. How he disliked this present -pass! How he seemed to fear these <em>âmes damnées</em>, as -you call them! In the course of a long talk I showed -him Caesar's letter to me, of which I sent you a copy -before, and I asked him to explain what Caesar meant -by writing that he wished "to take advantage of my -advice, my influence, my position and my help of all -sorts." Matius replied that undoubtedly Caesar -wanted my help and influence to make peace. Would -that I could succeed in carrying through some political -compromise in this miserable state of affairs! -Matius himself declared that Caesar had that feeling, -and promised that he would help such a course.</p> - -<p>However the day before Crassipes had been with -me, and he said that he had quitted Brundisium on the -6th of March and left Pompey there; the same tale -was brought by those who quitted the place on the -8th. All of them, and among the rest Crassipes, who -was quite capable of observing what was going on, had -the same story, threatening words, breach with the -loyalists, hostility to the municipalities, nothing but -proscriptions, nothing but Sullas. How Lucceius -talked, all the Greeks and Theophanes too! Nevertheless -the only hope of safety lies in them, and I am -on the watch and take no rest and long to be with -the most uncongenial associates to escape the plague -here. For what crime do you think that Scipio will -stick at, or Faustus and Libo, when their creditors -are said to be selling them up, and what do you suppose -they will do to the citizens when they win? -How pusillanimous Pompey is! They say that he is -thinking of Egypt and Arabia Felix and Mesopotamia</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[Pg 238]</a></span></p> - -<p>cogitare, iam Hispaniam abiecisse. Monstra narrant; -quae falsa esse possunt, sed certe et haec perdita sunt -et illa non saltaria. Tuas litteras iam desidero. Post -fugam nostram numquam tam longum earum intervallum -fuit. Misi ad te exemplum litterarum mearum -ad Caesarem, quibus me aliquid profecturum puto.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIa<br /> - -CICERO IMP. S.D. CAESARI IMP</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Formiano -XIV K. Apr.</em></div> - -<p>Ut legi tuas litteras, quas a Furnio nostro acceperam, -quibus mecum agebas, ut ad urbem essem, te -velle uti "consilio et dignitate mea" minus sum admiratus; -de "gratia" et de "ope" quid significares -mecum ipse quaerebam, spe tamen deducebar ad eam -cogitationem, ut te pro tua admirabili ac singulari sapientia -de otio, de pace, de concordia civium agi velle -arbitrarer, et ad eam rationem existimabam satis aptam -esse et naturam et personam meam. Quod si ita -est, et si qua de Pompeio nostro tuendo et tibi ac rei publicae -reconciliando cura te attingit, magis idoneum, -quam ego sum, ad eam causam profecto reperies neminem, -qui et illi semper et senatui, cum primum -potui, pacis auctor fui, nec sumptis armis belli ullam -partem, attigi, iudicavique eo bello te violari, contra -cuius honorem populi Romani beneficio concessum -inimici atque invidi niterentur. Sed, ut eo tempore -non modo ipse fautor dignitatis tuae fui, verum etiam -ceteris auctor ad te adiuvandum, sic me nunc Pompei</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[Pg 239]</a></span></p> - -<p>and has given up Spain. The report is monstrous, -but may be false. Certainly all is lost here, and there -is not much hope there. I long for a letter from you. -Since my flight there has never been so long a break -in our correspondence. I send you a copy of my letter -to Caesar. I think it will do some good.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIa<br /> - -CICERO THE IMPERATOR TO CAESAR THE IMPERATOR, -GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 19</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>On reading your letter, which I got from our friend -Furnius, in which you told me to come near Rome, -I was not much surprised at your wishing to employ -"my advice and my position"; but I asked myself -what you meant by my "influence" and "help." -However, my hopes led me to think that a man of -your admirable statesmanship would wish to act for -the comfort, peace, and agreement of the citizens, -and for that purpose I considered my own character -and inclination very suitable. If that is the case, -and if you are touched by the desire to protect -our friend Pompey and reconcile him to yourself and -the State, I am sure you will find no one more -suited for the purpose than I am. I have always advocated -peace both with Pompey and the Senate ever -since I have been able to do so, nor since the outbreak -of hostilities have I taken any part in the war; I have -considered that the war was attacking your rights in -that envious and hostile persons were opposing a distinction -conferred on you by the grace of the Roman -people. But, as at that time I not only upheld your -rights but urged others to assist you, so now I am -greatly concerned with the rights of Pompey. It is</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[Pg 240]</a></span></p> - -<p>dignitas vehementer movet. Aliquot enim sunt anni, -cum vos duo delegi, quos praecipue colerem et quibus -essem, sicut sum, amicissimus. Quam ob rem a te -peto vel potius omnibus te precibus oro et obtestor, -ut in tuis maximis curis aliquid impertias temporis -huic quoque cogitationi, ut tuo beneficio bonus vir, -gratus, pius denique esse in maximi beneficii memoria -possim. Quae si tantum ad me ipsum pertinerent, -sperarem me a te tamen impetraturum, sed, ut arbitror, -et ad tuam fidem et ad rem publicam pertinet, -me et pacis et utriusque vestrum amicum, et ad vestram<a name="FNanchor_98_98" id="FNanchor_98_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_98_98" class="fnanchor">[98]</a> -et ad civium concordiam per te quam accommodatissimum -conservari. Ego, cum antea tibi de Lentulo -gratias egissem, cum ei saluti, qui mihi fuerat, -fuisses, tamen lectis eius litteris, quas ad me gratissimo -animo de tua liberalitate beneficioque misit, eandem -mi videor<a name="FNanchor_99_99" id="FNanchor_99_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_99_99" class="fnanchor">[99]</a> salutem a te accepisse quam ille. In quem -si me intellegis esse gratum, cura, obsecro, ut etiam -in Pompeium esse possim.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_98_98" id="Footnote_98_98"></a><a href="#FNanchor_98_98"><span class="label">[98]</span></a> amicum, et ad vestram <em>added by Lehmann</em>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_99_99" id="Footnote_99_99"></a><a href="#FNanchor_99_99"><span class="label">[99]</span></a> mi videor <em>Klotz</em>, <em>Schmidt</em>; me <em>MSS.</em></p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Formiano -XIII K. -Apr. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Legeram tuas litteras <span class="smcap">XIII</span> K., cum mihi epistula -adfertur a Lepta circumvallatum esse Pompeium, ratibus -etiam exitus portus teneri. Non medius fidius -prae lacrimis possum reliqua nec cogitare nec scribere. -Misi ad te exemplum. Miseros nos! cur non omnes -fatum illius una exsecuti sumus? Ecce autem a Matio -et Trebatio eadem, quibus Menturnis obvii Caesaris -tabellarii. Torqueor infelix, ut iam illum Mucianum</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[Pg 241]</a></span></p> - -<p>many years since I chose you two men for my special -respect, and to be my closest friends, as you are. So I -ask you, or rather beseech and entreat you with all -urgency, that in spite of all your anxieties you may -devote some time to considering how I may be enabled -by your kindness to be what decency and gratitude, -nay good-feeling, require, in remembering my -great debt to Pompey. If this only mattered to myself, -I should yet hope to obtain my request; but to -my mind it touches your honour and the public weal -that I, a friend of peace and of both of you, should -be so supported by you that I may be able to work -for peace between you and peace amongst our fellow-citizens. -I thanked you formerly in the matter of -Lentulus, for having saved him, as he had saved me. -Yet on reading the letter he has sent me full of thankfulness -for your generous kindness, I feel that his -safety is my debt as much as his. If you understand -my gratitude to him, pray give me the opportunity -of showing my gratitude to Pompey too.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 20</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I had just read your letter on the 20th, when an -epistle was brought to me from Lepta announcing -that Pompey was blockaded and that even escape -from the harbour was cut off by a fleet. Upon my -honour tears prevent me from thinking or writing -anything else. I send you a copy of the letter. -Wretches that we are, why did we not all follow his -fortunes together? See now, here are Matius and -Trebatius with the same tidings. Caesar's letter-carriers -met them at Menturnae. I am tortured with</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[Pg 242]</a></span></p> - -<p>exitum exoptem. At quam honesta, at quam expedita -tua consilia, quam evigilata tuis cogitationibus qua -itineris, qua navigationis, qua congressus sermonisque -cum Caesare! Omnia cum honesta tum cauta. In -Epirum vero invitatio quam suavis, quam liberalis, -quam fraterna!</p> - -<p>De Dionysio sum admiratus, qui apud me honoratior -fuit quam apud Scipionem Panaetius; a quo impurissime -haec nostra fortuna despecta est. Odi hominem -et odero; utinam ulcisci possem! Sed illum -ulciscentur mores sui.</p> - -<p>Tu, quaeso, nunc vel maxime, quid agendum nobis -sit, cogita. Populi Romani exercitus Cn. Pompeium -circumsedet, fossa et vallo saeptum tenet, fuga prohibet; -nos vivimus, et stat urbs ista, praetores ius dicunt, -aediles ludos parant; viri boni usuras perscribunt, ego -ipse sedeo! Coner illuc ire ut insanus, implorare -fidem municipiorum? Boni non sequentur, leves irridebunt, -rerum novarum cupidi, victores praesertim -et armati, vim et manus adferent. Quid censes igitur? -ecquidnam est tui consilii ad finem huius miserrimae -vitae? Nunc doleo, nunc torqueor, cum cuidam aut -sapiens videor, quod una non ierim, aut felix fuisse. -Mihi contra. Numquam enim illius victoriae socius -esse volui, calamitatis mallem fuisse. Quid ego nunc -tuas litteras, quid tuam prudentiam aut benevolentiam -implorem? Actum est; nulla re iam possum iuvari,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[Pg 243]</a></span></p> - -<p>sorrow, so that now I would choose the end of -Mucius.<a name="FNanchor_100_100" id="FNanchor_100_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_100_100" class="fnanchor">[100]</a> But how honourable, how simple, how -clearly thought out was your advice as to my land-route -and my sea-route and my meeting and talk with -Caesar! It was equally honourable and prudent. -Your invitation, too, to Epirus, how kind and generous -and brotherly it is!</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_100_100" id="Footnote_100_100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_100_100"><span class="label">[100]</span></a> Q. Mucius Scaevola was murdered in 82 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> by the order -of the younger Marius. Cf. viii, 3.</p></div> - -<p>As for Dionysius, I am surprised. I held him in -greater honour than Scipio held Panaetius, yet he has -most foully mocked at my bad fortunes. I hate the -fellow and I always shall. I wish I could pay him -out. But his own character will do that.</p> - -<p>I beseech you now give the greatest consideration -to my proper course. An army of the Roman people -invests Gnaeus Pompey. It holds him hedged by trench -and mound and keeps him from flight. Yet we live and -Rome is standing, the praetors preside in court, the -aediles make preparations for the games, the conservatives -are booking their profits, and I sit still! Am -I to try to cross the sea like a madman, to beg the -country towns to be loyal? The loyalists will not -follow me, the irresponsible will deride me, the revolutionaries, -especially now they are armed and victorious, -will lay hands of violence upon me. What do -you think then? Have you any plan to end this life -of misery? Now I feel grief, now I am in agony, when -somebody thinks me wise because I did not go with -Pompey, or lucky perhaps. I think the opposite. For -never did I wish to share a victory of his; I should -have wished rather to share his defeat. Why should -I entreat a letter from you now, your kindness, your -good sense? It is all over. Nothing can help me</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[Pg 244]</a></span></p> - -<p>qui, ne quod optem quidem, iam habeo, nisi ut aliqua -inimici misericordia liberemur.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Formiano -IX K. Apr. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Οὐκ ἔστ' ἔτυμος λόγος, ut opinor, ille de ratibus. -Quid enim esset, quod Dolabella iis litteris, quas iii -Idus Martias a Brundisio dedit, hanc quasi εὐημερίαν -Caesaris scriberet, Pompeium in fuga esse eumque -primo vento navigaturum? Quod valde discrepat ab -iis epistulis, quarum exempla antea ad te misi. Hic -quidem mera scelera loquuntur; sed non erat nec -recentior auctor nec huius quidem rei melior Dolabella.</p> - -<p>Tuas <span class="smcap">XI</span> K. accepi litteras, quibus omnia consilia -differs in id tempus, cum scierimus, quid actum sit. -Et certe ita est, nec interim potest quicquam non -modo statui, sed ne cogitari quidem. Quamquam -hae me litterae Dolabellae iubent ad pristinas cogitationes -reverti. Fuit enim pridie Quinquatrus -egregia tempestas; qua ego illum usum puto.</p> - -<p>Συναγωγὴ consiliorum tuorum non est a me collecta -ad querelam, sed magis ad consolationem meam. -Nec enim me tam haec mala angebant quam suspicio -culpae ac temeritatis meae. Eam nullam puto esse, -quoniam cum consiliis tuis mea facta et consilia consentiunt. -Quod mea praedicatione factum esse scribis -magis quam illius merito, ut tantum ei debere -viderer, est ita. Ego illa extuli semper, et eo quidem</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[Pg 245]</a></span></p> - -<p>more, for I have no desire except that somehow my -enemies may take pity on me and free me from my -misery.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 24</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>"'Tis no true tale"<a name="FNanchor_101_101" id="FNanchor_101_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_101_101" class="fnanchor">[101]</a> to my mind that about the fleet. -For why should Dolabella in a letter dated from -Brundisium on the 13th of March call it a kind of -windfall for Caesar that Pompey is thinking of flight -and preparing to sail by the first wind? That is very -different from that letter of which I sent you a copy -before. Here indeed every one speaks of sheer -disaster; but there is no later nor more reliable -authority on the event than Dolabella.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_101_101" id="Footnote_101_101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_101_101"><span class="label">[101]</span></a> The first line of the palinode of Stesichorus in which he -retracted his former views on Helen.</p></div> - -<p>I have your letter of the 22nd of March, in which -you postpone all advice till we know what has happened. -Certainly that is wise; and in the meantime -we cannot think of anything, much less arrange -anything. However, Dolabella's letter compels me -to turn to my former thoughts. For on the 18th of -March the weather was excellent and I fancy Pompey -will not have failed to take advantage of it.</p> - -<p>That précis of your advice was not made by me to -quarrel with you, but to console myself, for I suffered -less pain from these evil days than from the idea I -had acted wrongly and rashly. But I fancy I have -not done so, since my deeds and policy agree with -your advice. You say that I seem to owe Pompey -so much more because I say so than because he -deserves it. You are right. I have always exaggerated</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[Pg 246]</a></span></p> - -<p>magis, ne quid ille superiorum meminisse me putaret. -Quae si maxime meminissem, tamen illius temporis -similitudinem iam sequi deberem. Nihil me adiuvit, -cum posset; sed postea fuit amicus, etiam valde, nec, -quam ob causam, plane scio. Ergo ego quoque illi. -Quin etiam illud par in utroque nostrum, quod ab -eisdem illecti sumus. Sed utinam tantum ego ei -prodesse potuissem, quantum mihi ille potuit! Mihi -tamen, quod fecit, gratissimum. Nec ego nunc, eum -iuvare qua re possim, scio nec, si possem, cum tam -pestiferum bellum pararet, adiuvandum putarem. -Tantum offendere animum eius hic manens nolo, nec -mehercule ista videre, quae tu potes iam animo providere, -nec interesse istis malis possem. Sed eo -tardior ad discedendum fui, quod difficile est de -discessu voluntario sine ulla spe reditus cogitare. -Nam ego hunc ita paratum video peditatu, equitatu, -classibus, auxiliis Gallorum, quos Matius ἐλάπιζεν, ut -puto, sed certe dicebat....<a name="FNanchor_102_102" id="FNanchor_102_102"></a><a href="#Footnote_102_102" class="fnanchor">[102]</a> peditum, equitum se -polliceri sumptu suo annos decem. Sed sit hoc -λάπισμα; magnas habet certe copias et habebit non -Italiae vectigal, sed civium bona. Adde confidentiam -hominis, adde imbecillitatem bonorum virorum, qui -quidem, quod illum sibi merito iratum putant, oderunt, -ut tu scribis, ludum. Ac vellem scripsisses, quisnam -hoc significasset. Sed et iste, qui<a name="FNanchor_103_103" id="FNanchor_103_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_103_103" class="fnanchor">[103]</a> plus ostenderat, -quam fecit, et vulgo illum, qui amarunt, non amant;</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_102_102" id="Footnote_102_102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_102_102"><span class="label">[102]</span></a> CCIↃↃ peditum, equitum sex <em>Bosius</em>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_103_103" id="Footnote_103_103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_103_103"><span class="label">[103]</span></a> <em>The reading is very uncertain. The MSS. have</em> cc <em>for</em> -ac, scribis <em>for</em> scripsisses, hic <em>for</em> hoc <em>and</em> qui <em>for</em> quia.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[Pg 247]</a></span></p> - -<p>his services for fear he might think I remembered -the past. However much I remembered it, I should -feel bound to take the course he took as an example -for my behaviour now. He failed to help me when -he might; but afterwards he was my friend, my very -good friend. I don't quite know why; so I too will -be his friend. There is this further likeness between -the two cases; both of us were inveigled by the same -persons. But would that I were able to help him as -much as he was able to help me! However, I am -truly grateful for what he did. I do not know in -what way I may be able to help him now; nor, were -I able, should I think it proper to help him in his -preparations for such a disastrous war. Only I do -not wish to hurt his feelings by staying here. I declare -I could not behold the days that you can foresee, -nor take part in such iniquity. But my departure -was delayed, because it is hard to think of voluntary -departure when there is no hope of return. For -Caesar I see is so equipped with infantry, cavalry, -fleet, auxiliaries from Gaul—Matius may have exaggerated, -but certainly he said that ... infantry and -cavalry have promised their services for ten years at -their own expense. However, granted that this was -<em>gasconnade</em>, great forces Caesar assuredly has, and he -will have not the inland revenue of Italy, but the -property of her citizens. Add to this the self-confidence -of the man, the weakness of the loyalists, -who, thinking Pompey deservedly angry with them, -as you say, detest the game. I wish you had cited -your authority. Domitius, who promised more than -he performed,<a name="FNanchor_104_104" id="FNanchor_104_104"></a><a href="#Footnote_104_104" class="fnanchor">[104]</a> and Pompey's old lovers in general do</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_104_104" id="Footnote_104_104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_104_104"><span class="label">[104]</span></a> Or as Boot, reading <em>sedet</em>, "Domitius, who etc., is -doing nothing."</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[Pg 248]</a></span></p> - -<p>municipia vero et rustici Romani illum metuunt, hunc -adhuc diligunt. Quare ita paratus est, ut, etiamsi -vincere non possit, quo modo tamen vinci ipse possit, -non videam. Ego autem non tam γοητείαν huius -timeo quam πειθανάγκην. "Αἱ γὰρ τῶν τυρᾶννων -δεήσεις," inquit Πλάτων, "οἶσθ' ὅτι μεμιγμέναι ἀνίγκαις."</p> - -<p>Illa ἀλίμενα video tibi non probari. Quae ne mihi -quidem placebant; sed habebam in illis et occultationem -et ὑπηρεσίαν fidelem. Quae si mihi Brundisi -suppeterent, mallem; sed ibi occultatio nulla est. -Verum, ut scribis, cum sciemus.</p> - -<p>Viris bonis me non nimis excuso. Quas enim eos -cenas et facere et obire scripsit ad me Sextus, quam -lautas, quam tempestivas! Sed sint quamvis boni, -non sunt meliores quam nos. Moverent me, si essent -fortiores.</p> - -<p>De Lanuvino Phameae erravi; Troianum somniaveram. -Id ego volui Q, sed pluris est. Istuc tamen -mihi cuperem emeres, si ullam spem fruendi viderem.</p> - -<p>Nos quae monstra cotidie legamus, intelleges ex -illo libello, qui in epistulam coniectus est. Lentulus -noster Puteolis est ἀδημονῶν is, ut Caesius narrat, -quid agat. Διατροπὴν Corfiniensem reformidat. Pompeio -nunc putat satis factum, beneficio Caesaris movetur, -sed tamen movetur magis prospecta re.</p> - -<p>Tene haec posse ferre? Omnia misera, sed hoc</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[Pg 249]</a></span></p> - -<p>not love him. The towns and rural population are -afraid of Pompey and so far worship Caesar. Caesar -is so equipped that, even if he fail to beat, I do not -see in what way he can be beaten. I do not fear -his <em>finesse</em> so much as his <em>force majeure</em>, for as Plato -says, "a tyrant's requests partake of the nature of -mandates."<a name="FNanchor_105_105" id="FNanchor_105_105"></a><a href="#Footnote_105_105" class="fnanchor">[105]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_105_105" id="Footnote_105_105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_105_105"><span class="label">[105]</span></a> Plato, <cite>Ep.</cite> 7.</p></div> - -<p>Places without harbours, I see, do not meet with -your approval. Nor do I like them, but the place -has afforded me hiding and a trusty set of attendants. -If I could have had the same at Brundisium, I should -have preferred it. But there is no hiding place there. -But, as you say, when we know!</p> - -<p>I am not going to excuse myself much to the -loyalists. What dinners according to Sextus they -are giving and receiving, how lavish and how early! -They may be loyal, but they are not more loyal than -I. They would influence me more if they had shown -more courage.</p> - -<p>I was wrong about Phamea's estate at Lanuvium. -I was dreaming about the Trojan estate.<a name="FNanchor_106_106" id="FNanchor_106_106"></a><a href="#Footnote_106_106" class="fnanchor">[106]</a> I wanted -it for £4,500,<a name="FNanchor_107_107" id="FNanchor_107_107"></a><a href="#Footnote_107_107" class="fnanchor">[107]</a> but the price is higher. However, -I should have liked you to buy that estate for me, -if I saw any hope of enjoying it.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_106_106" id="Footnote_106_106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_106_106"><span class="label">[106]</span></a> Apparently near Antium, cf. ix, 9.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_107_107" id="Footnote_107_107"></a><a href="#FNanchor_107_107"><span class="label">[107]</span></a> 500,000 sesterces.</p></div> - -<p>What portentous news I read daily you may understand -from the pamphlet enclosed in this packet. -Lentulus is at Puteoli, and, Caesius says, in a -quandary what to do. He dreads a fiasco like that -at Corfinium. He thinks he has done his duty by -Pompey. He is influenced by Caesar's kindness; -but he is influenced more by future prospects.</p> - -<p>To think that you can bear this! Everything is</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[Pg 250]</a></span></p> - -<p>nihil miserius. Pompeius N. Magium de pace misit -et tamen oppugnatur. Quod ego non credebam, sed -habeo a Balbo litteras, quarum ad te exemplum misi. -Lege, quaeso, et illud infimum caput ipsius Balbi optimi, -cui Gnaeus noster locum, ubi hortos aedificaret, -dedit, quem cui nostrum non saepe praetulit? Itaque -miser torquetur. Sed, ne bis eadem legas, ad ipsam -te epistulam reicio. Spem autem pacis habeo nullam. -Dolabella suis litteris <span class="smcap">III</span> Idus Mart. datis merum -bellum loquitur. Maneamus ergo in illa eadem sententia -misera et desperata, quando hoc miserius esse -nihil potest.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIIIa<br /> - -BALBUS CICERONI IMP. SAL. DIC.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Romae -circ. X K. -Apr. 705.</em></div> - -<p>Caesar nobis litteras perbreves misit; quarum -exemplum subscripsi. Brevitate epistulae scire poteris -eum valde esse distentum, qui tanta de re tam -breviter scripserit. Si quid praeterea novi fuerit, -statim tibi scribam.</p> - -<p class="center">"CAESAR OPPIO, CORNELIO SAL. -</p> - -<p>A. d. <span class="smcap">VII</span> Idus Martias Brundisium veni, ad murum -castra posui. Pompeius est Brundisi. Misit ad me -N. Magium de pace. Quae visa sunt, respondi. Hoc -vos statim scire volui. Cum in spem venero de -compositione aliquid me conficere, statim vos certiores -faciam."</p> - -<p>Quo modo me nunc putas, mi Cicero, torqueri, -postquam rursus in spem pacis veni, ne qua res eorum -compositionem impediat? Namque, quod absens</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[Pg 251]</a></span></p> - -<p>wretched, but nothing more wretched than this. -Pompey sent N. Magius to speak of peace, and yet -he is under siege. I did not believe it; but I have a -letter from Balbus of which I send you a copy. Read -it, please, and that clause at the end which contains -the remarks of the good Balbus himself, to whom -Pompey gave a site for his estate and whom he had -often preferred to all of us. So he is in an agony of -grief. But, that you may not have to read the same, -twice over, I refer you to the letter. Of peace I -have no hope. Dolabella in his letter of the 13th of -March speaks of war pure and simple. So let us -stick to the same opinion, that there is no hope, for -nothing can be worse than all this.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIIIa<br /> - -BALBUS TO CICERO THE IMPERATOR, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Rome, about -March 23</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Caesar has sent me a very short letter of which I -subjoin a copy. From the shortness of the letter -you can infer that he is greatly occupied, to write so -briefly about a matter of such importance. If there -is any further news, I will write you immediately.</p> - -<p class="center">"CAESAR TO OPPIUS, CORNELIUS, GREETING. -</p> - -<p>"On the 9th of March I came to Brundisium, and -under its walls pitched my camp. Pompey is at -Brundisium. He sent N. Magius to me to talk of peace. -I replied as I thought fit. I wanted you to know -this at once. When I have hopes of settled terms, -I will inform you immediately."</p> - -<p>My dear Cicero, you can imagine my torture, after -I again had hopes of peace, for fear anything should -prevent an arrangement. I long for peace. It is all -I can do in my absence from the scene of action.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[Pg 252]</a></span></p> - -<p>facere possum, opto. Quodsi una essem, aliquid fortasse -proficere possem videri. Nunc exspectatione -crucior.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Formiano -VIII K. -Apr. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Miseram ad te <span class="smcap">VIIII</span> K. exemplum epistulae Balbi -ad me et Caesaris ad eum. Ecce tibi eodem die -Capua litteras accepi ab Q. Pedio Caesarem ad se -pridie Idus Martias misisse hoc exemplo:</p> - -<p>"Pompeius se oppido tenet. Nos ad portas castra -habemus. Conamur opus magnum et multorum -dierum propter altitudinem maris. Sed tamen nihil -est, quod potius faciamus. Ab utroque portus cornu -moles iacimus, ut aut illum quam primum traicere, -quod habet Brundisi copiarum, cogamus, aut exitu -prohibeamus."</p> - -<p>Ubi est illa pax, de qua Balbus scripserat torqueri -se? Ecquid, acerbius ecquid crudelius? Atque eum -loqui quidam αὐθεντικῶς narrabat Cn. Carbonis, M. -Bruti se poenas persequi, omniumque eorum, in quos -Sulla crudelis hoc socio fuisset; nihil Curionem se -duce facere, quod non hic Sulla duce fecisset; se -ambire reditionem,<a name="FNanchor_108_108" id="FNanchor_108_108"></a><a href="#Footnote_108_108" class="fnanchor">[108]</a> quibus exsilii poena superioribus -legibus non fuisset, ab illo patriae proditores de</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_108_108" id="Footnote_108_108"></a><a href="#FNanchor_108_108"><span class="label">[108]</span></a> se ambire reditionem <em>Tyrrell and Purser</em>: ad ambitionem -<em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[Pg 253]</a></span></p> - -<p>If I were there, perhaps I might succeed in seeming -to be of use. Now I am tormented with waiting.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae -March 25</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I sent you on the 26th of March a copy of Balbus' -letter to me and of Caesar's letter to him. Then -that very day from Capua I got a letter from Q. -Pedius saying that Caesar had written to him on the -14th in the following terms:</p> - -<p>"Pompey confines himself to the town. My camp -is at the gates. I am attempting a big job which -will take many days on account of the depth of the -sea: yet I have no better course. From both wings -of the harbour I am building a mole, so that I may -either compel him to transship the forces he has here -as soon as possible, or prevent him from getting out -at all."</p> - -<p>Where is the peace about which Balbus wrote -that he was tormenting himself? Could anything -be more bitter, more cruel? Moreover some one told -me with authority that Caesar said in conversation -he was the avenger of Cn. Carbo, M. Brutus,<a name="FNanchor_109_109" id="FNanchor_109_109"></a><a href="#Footnote_109_109" class="fnanchor">[109]</a> and -all those on whom Sulla with Pompey to help him -wreaked his cruelty: Curio under his leadership was -doing nothing but what Pompey had done under -Sulla's leadership: what he wanted was the restoration -of those not punished with exile under the earlier -laws, while Pompey had restored those who had</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_109_109" id="Footnote_109_109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_109_109"><span class="label">[109]</span></a> Carbo was put to death by Pompey in 82 or 81 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span>; he -was consul for the third time with C. Marius the younger. -Brutus, the father of Caesar's murderer, was killed by -Pompey in 77 or 76 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span>, and another M. Brutus committed -suicide sooner than fall into his hands.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[Pg 254]</a></span></p> - -<p>exsilio reductos esse; queri de Milone per vim -expulso; neminem tamen se violaturam, nisi qui -arma contra. Haec Baebius quidam a Curione III Id. -profectus, homo non infans, sed qui de suo illa<a name="FNanchor_110_110" id="FNanchor_110_110"></a><a href="#Footnote_110_110" class="fnanchor">[110]</a> non -dicat. Plane nescio, quid agam. Illim equidem -Gnaeum profectum puto. Quicquid est, biduo sciemus. -A te nihil ne Anteros quidem litterarum; nec -mirum. Quid enim est, quod scribamus? Ego tamen -nullum diem praetermitto.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_110_110" id="Footnote_110_110"></a><a href="#FNanchor_110_110"><span class="label">[110]</span></a> qui de suo illa <em>Tyrrell</em>: quis ulli <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -<p>Scripta epistula litterae mihi ante lucem a Lepta -Capua redditae sunt Idib. Mart. Pompeium a Brundisio -conscendisse, at Caesarem a. d, <span class="smcap">VII</span> Kal. Apriles -Capuae fore.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Formiano -VIII K. -Apr a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Cum dedissem ad te litteras, ut scires Caesarem -Capuae <span class="smcap">VII</span> Kal. fore, allatae mihi Capua sunt et hic -copiam mihi et<a name="FNanchor_111_111" id="FNanchor_111_111"></a><a href="#Footnote_111_111" class="fnanchor">[111]</a> in Albano apud Curionem <span class="smcap">V</span> K. fore. -Eum cum videro, Arpinum pergam. Si mihi veniam, -quam peto, dederit, utar illius condicione; si minus, -impetrabo aliquid a me ipso. Ille, ut ad me scripsit, -legiones singulas posuit Brundisi, Tarenti, Siponti. -Claudere mihi videtur maritimos exitus et tamen -ipse Graeciam spectare potius quam Hispanias. Sed -haec longius absunt. Me nunc et congressus huius -stimulat (is vero adest), et primas eius actiones</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_111_111" id="Footnote_111_111"></a><a href="#FNanchor_111_111"><span class="label">[111]</span></a> et hic copiam mihi et <em>Madvig</em>; et hoc mihi et <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[Pg 255]</a></span></p> - -<p>been traitors: he resents Pompey's violent banishment -of Milo, but would only harm those who bear arms -against him. This tale was told me by one Baebius, -who came from Curio on the 13th, a man who is no -fool, but not smart enough to invent such a tale. -I am quite at a loss what to do. From Brundisium, -I fancy Pompey must have set out. Whatever has -happened, we shall know in a few days. I haven't a -letter from you not even by Anteros, and no wonder. -What is there to write about? Still I do not omit -one day.</p> - -<p>When this was written a letter came to me before -daylight from Lepta dated Capua the 15th of March. -Pompey has embarked from Brundisium. Caesar is -due at Capua on the 26th.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 25</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>After I had sent you a letter informing you that -Caesar would be at Capua on the 26th, a letter -reached me from Capua saying that Caesar would -see me either here or in Curio's place at Alba on -the 28th. When I have seen him, I shall go to -Arpinum. If he should grant me the privilege I -ask, I shall put up with his terms. If not, then I -shall consult myself as to what to do. As Caesar -wrote to me, he has stationed one legion each at -Brundisium, Tarentum and Sipontum. He seems to -me to be cutting off retreat by sea and yet himself -to have Greece in view rather than Spain. But -these are remote considerations. Now I am stirred -by the thought of meeting him; for the meeting is -close at hand, and I am alarmed at the first steps he</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[Pg 256]</a></span></p> - -<p>horreo. Volet enim, credo, S. C. facere, volet augurum -decretum (rapiemur aut absentes vexabimur), vel ut -consules roget praetor vel ut dictatorem dicat; -quorum neutrum ius est. Etsi, si Sulla potuit -efficere, ab interrege ut dictator diceretur<a name="FNanchor_112_112" id="FNanchor_112_112"></a><a href="#Footnote_112_112" class="fnanchor">[112]</a> cur hic -non possit? Nihil expedio, nisi ut aut ab hoc tamquam -Q. Mucius aut ab illo tamquam L. Scipio.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_112_112" id="Footnote_112_112"></a><a href="#FNanchor_112_112"><span class="label">[112]</span></a> <em>After</em> diceretur <em>most MSS. add</em> et magister equitum.</p></div> - -<p>Cum tu haec leges, ego illum fortasse convenero. -Τέτλαθι. Κύντερον ne illud quidem nostrum -proprium. Erat enim spes propinqui reditus, erat -hominum querela. Nunc exire cupimus, qua spe -reditus, mihi quidem numquam in mentem venit. -Non modo autem nulla querela est municipalium -hominum ac rusticorum, sed contra metuunt ut -crudelem, iratum. Nec tamen mihi quicquam est -miserius quam remansisse nec optatius quam evolare -non tam ad belli quam ad fugae societatem. Sed -tu, omnia qui consilia differebas in id tempus, cum -sciremus, quae Brundisi acta essent. Scimus nempe; -haeremus nihilo minus. Vix enim spero mihi hunc -veniam daturum, etsi multa adfero iusta ad impetrandum. -Sed tibi omnem illius meumque sermonem -omnibus verbis expressum statim mittam. Tu nunc -omni amore enitere, ut nos cura tua et prudentia -iuves. Ita subito accurrit, ut ne T. Rebilum quidem,</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[Pg 257]</a></span></p> - -<p>will take, for he will want, I am sure, a decree of -the Senate and a decree of the augurs (we shall be -hurried off to Rome or harassed, if we are absent), -so that the praetor may hold an election of consuls -or name a dictator, both acts unconstitutional. -Though, if Sulla could arrange to be named dictator -by an interrex, why should not Caesar? I can -see no solution of the problem except by meeting -the fate of Mucius at the hand of Caesar, or that of -Scipio<a name="FNanchor_113_113" id="FNanchor_113_113"></a><a href="#Footnote_113_113" class="fnanchor">[113]</a> at the hands of Pompey.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_113_113" id="Footnote_113_113"></a><a href="#FNanchor_113_113"><span class="label">[113]</span></a> L. Scipio was proscribed by Sulla. For Mucius cf. <span class="smcap">VIII</span>, 3.</p></div> - -<div class="sidenote-english">Odyssey iii. 27</div> - -<p>When you read this, perhaps I shall have -met the man. "Endure." My own exile was no -"unkinder cut";<a name="FNanchor_114_114" id="FNanchor_114_114"></a><a href="#Footnote_114_114" class="fnanchor">[114]</a> for I had prospects of speedy return -and was consoled by the popular outcry. Now -I long to go away and it never strikes me that there -is any chance of return. Not only is there no outcry -of any in town or country, but on the contrary -all are afraid of Pompey as cruel in his anger. -Nothing causes me more wretchedness than my -having remained, and there is nothing that I want -more than to flee to him to share not his fighting -but his flight. But now what becomes of your -counsel to put off decision till we knew how things -went at Brundisium? We do know, but are as -badly stuck as ever. I can scarcely hope that Caesar -will give me privilege, though many are the good -reasons I can bring for granting it. But I will send -you immediately a report of our conversation word -for word. Use all your affection to help me with -your careful advise. He is coming so fast that I -cannot see even T. Rebilus, as I had arranged. I</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_114_114" id="Footnote_114_114"></a><a href="#FNanchor_114_114"><span class="label">[114]</span></a> Odyssey <span class="smcap">XX</span>, 18, τέτλαθι δὴ, κραδίη, κὰι κύντερον ἄλλο ποτ' -ἔτλης, "endure, my heart, worse hast thou borne before."</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[Pg 258]</a></span></p> - -<p>ut constitueram, possim videre; omnia nobis imparatis -agenda. Sed tamen ἄλλα μὲν αὐτός, ut ait -ille, ἄλλα δὲ καὶ δαίμων ὑποθήσεται. Quicquid -egero, continuo scies. Mandata Caesaris ad consules -et ad Pompeium, quae rogas, nulla habeo descripta; -quae attulit, illa e via<a name="FNanchor_115_115" id="FNanchor_115_115"></a><a href="#Footnote_115_115" class="fnanchor">[115]</a> misi ad te ante; e quibus -mandata puto intellegi posse, Philippus Neapoli est, -Lentulus Puteolis. De Domitio, ut facis, sciscitare, -ubi sit, quid cogitet.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_115_115" id="Footnote_115_115"></a><a href="#FNanchor_115_115"><span class="label">[115]</span></a> habeo descripta; quae attulit illa e via <em>Wesenberg</em>: -habeo et descripta attulit illa e via <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -<p>Quod scribis asperius me, quam mei patiantur -mores, de Dionysio scripsisse, vide, quam sim antiquorum -hominum. Te medius fidius hanc rem gravius -putavi laturum esse quam me. Nam, praeterquam -quod te moveri arbitror oportere iniuria, quae -mihi a quoquam facta sit, praeterea te ipsum quodam -modo hic violavit, cum in me tam improbus fuit. -Sed, tu id quanti aestimes, tuum iudicium est; nec -tamen in hoc tibi quicquam oneris impono. Ego -autem illum male sanum semper putavi, nunc etiam -impurum et sceleratum puto nec tamen mihi inimiciorem -quam sibi. Philargyro bene curasti. Causam -certe habuisti et veram et bonam, relictum esse me -potius quam reliquisse.</p> - -<p>Cum dedissem iam litteras a. d. <span class="smcap">VIII</span> Kal., pueri, -quos cum Matio et Trebatio miseram, epistulam mihi -attulerunt hoc exemplo:</p> - -<p class="center">"MATIUS ET TREBATIUS CICERONI IMP. SAL. -</p> - -<p>Cum Capua exissemus, in itinere audivimus Pompeium -Brundisio a. d. <span class="smcap">XVI</span> K. Apriles cum omnibus</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[Pg 259]</a></span></p> - -<p>have to do everything impromptu. But nevertheless -as the poet has it, "Some things I'll venture and -some things God will prompt." Whatever I do you shall -know forthwith. The demands Caesar sent to Pompey -and the consuls, for which you ask, are not with -me. The copies that were brought I sent on to you -at once.<a name="FNanchor_116_116" id="FNanchor_116_116"></a><a href="#Footnote_116_116" class="fnanchor">[116]</a> From them I think you can gather what -those demands were. Philippus is at Naples. Lentulus -at Puteoli. As to Domitius, go on inquiring -where he is and what he intends to do.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_116_116" id="Footnote_116_116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_116_116"><span class="label">[116]</span></a> This doubtful passage probably refers to the document -mentioned in vii, 17.</p></div> - -<p>You write that my remarks about Dionysius are -more bitter than suits my character. See how old-fashioned -I am. Upon my honour I thought that -you would be more angered than I: for, apart from -the fact that I think you should be stirred by any -injury done by anyone to me, this man in a way -outraged you in treating me so badly. But it is for -you to decide what weight you should give to the -matter. I will not put anything upon you. I always -thought the fellow was not quite sane: now I think -he is an abandoned blackguard. But he is as much -his own enemy as mine. You did well with Philargyrus. -You certainly had a good and true case in -contending that I had not abandoned but rather had -been abandoned.</p> - -<p>When I had dispatched my letter on the 25th, -the servants I had sent to Matius and Trebatius -brought me a letter in the following terms:</p> - -<p class="center">"MATIUS AND TREBATIUS TO CICERO IMPERATOR, -GREETING. -</p> - -<p>"After leaving Capua we heard on the way that -Pompey with all the forces he had set out from</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[Pg 260]</a></span></p> - -<p>copiis, quas habuit, profectum esse; Caesarem postero -die in oppidum introisse, contionatum esse, inde -Romam contendisse, velle ante K. esse ad urbem et -pauculos dies ibi commorari, deinde in Hispanias -proficisci. Nobis non alienum visum est, quoniam -de adventu Caesaris pro certo habebamus, pueros -tuos ad te remittere, ut id tu quam primum scires. -Mandata tua nobis curae sunt, eaque, ut tempus -postularit, agemus. Trebatius sedulo facit, ut antecedat.</p> - -<p>Epistula conscripta nuntiatum est nobis Caesarem -a. d. <span class="smcap">VIII</span> K. April. Beneventi mansurum, a. d. <span class="smcap">VII</span> -Capuae, a. d. VI Sinuessae. Hoc pro certo putamus."</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Formiano -VII K. -Apr. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Cum, quod scriberem ad te, nihil haberem, tamen, -ne quem diem intermitterem, has dedi litteras. A. d. -VI K. Caesarem Sinuessae mansurum nuntiabant. Ab -eo mihi litterae redditae sunt a. d. <span class="smcap">VII</span> K., quibus iam -"opes" meas, non ut superioribus litteris "opem" exspectat. -Cum eius clementiam Corfiniensem illam per -litteras collaudavissem, rescripsit hoc exemplo:</p> - -<p class="center">"CAESAR IMP. CICERONI IMP. SAL. DIC. -</p> - -<p>Recte auguraris de me (bene enim tibi cognitus -sum) nihil a me abesse longius crudelitate. Atque -ego cum ex ipsa re magnam capio voluptatem tum -meum factum probari abs te triumpho gaudio. Neque -illud me movet, quod ii, qui a me dimissi sunt,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[Pg 261]</a></span></p> - -<p>Brundisium on the 17th of March: that Caesar on -the next day entered the town, made a speech and -went off at full speed to Rome, meaning to be at the -city before the 1st of April, to remain there a few -days and then to set out for Spain. It seemed -proper since we had sure news of Caesar's approach -to send your servants back to you to give information -as early as possible. Your charges have our -attention, and we will act as circumstances demand. -Trebatius is trying hard to reach you before Caesar.</p> - -<p>"When this letter had been written, news came to -us that Caesar would stop on the 25th at Beneventum, -at Capua on the 26th, on the 27th at -Sinuessa. This we consider certain."</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 26</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Though I have nothing to write to you, still, not -to miss a day, I send this letter. On the 27th of -March Caesar will stop at Sinuessa, they say. He sent -me a letter dated the 26th, in which he looks forward -to my "resources," not as in the former letter to -"my help." I had written praising to the skies his -kindness, his clemency at Corfinium. He replied as -follows:</p> - -<p class="center">"CAESAR IMPERATOR TO CICERO IMPERATOR, GREETING. -</p> - -<p>"You are right to infer of me (for I am well known -to you) that there is nothing further from my nature -than cruelty. Whilst I take great pleasure from that -fact, I am proud indeed that my action wins your -approval. I am not moved because it is said that those,</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[Pg 262]</a></span></p> - -<p>discessisse dicuntur, ut mihi rursus bellum inferrent. -Nihil enim malo quam et me mei similem esse et illos -sui. Tu velim mihi ad urbem praesto sis, ut tuis -consiliis atque opibus, ut consuevi, in omnibus rebus -utar. Dolabella tuo nihil scito mihi esse iucundius. -Hanc adeo habebo gratiam illi; neque enim aliter -facere poterit. Tanta eius humanitas, is sensus, ea in -me est benevolentia."</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Formiano -VI K. -Apr. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Trebatium VI Kal., quo die has litteras dedi, exspectabam. -Ex eius nuntio Matique litteris meditabor, -quo modo cum illo loquar. O tempus miserum! -Nec dubito, quin a me contendat, ad urbem veniam. -Senatum enim Kalendis velle se frequentem adesse -etiam Formiis proscribi iussit. Ergo ei negandum -est? Sed quid praeripio? Statim ad te perscribam -omnia. Ex illius sermone statuam, Arpinumne mihi -eundum sit an quo alio. Volo Ciceroni meo togam -puram dare, istic puto. Tu, quaeso, cogita, quid -deinde. Nam me hebetem molestiae reddiderunt. A -Curio velim scire ecquid ad te scriptum sit de Tirone. -Ad me enim ipse Tiro ita scripsit, ut verear, quid agat. -Qui autem veniunt inde, κινδυνώδη nuntiant. Sane -in magnis curis etiam haec me sollicitant. In hac -enim fortuna perutilis eius et opera et fidelitas esset.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[Pg 263]</a></span></p> - -<p>whom I let go, have departed to wage war on me -again, for there is nothing I like better than that I -should be true to myself and they to themselves. I -could wish you to meet me at Rome that I may avail -myself of your advice and resources, as usual, in everything. -You must know that nothing pleases me -more than the presence of your relative Dolabella. -This favour also I shall owe to him; for he will not -be able to do otherwise than arrange it, such is his -kindness, his feeling and goodwill towards me."</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Formiae, -March 27</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I am awaiting Trebatius on March the 27th, the -date of this letter. From his tidings and Matius' -letter I shall consider how to talk to Caesar. What -a wretched age this is! I have no doubt Caesar will -urge me to come to Rome. For he gave orders that -notices should be posted even at Formiae that he -wanted a full house on the 1st. Must I refuse? But -why do I anticipate? I will write you all about it at -once. From Caesar's conversation I shall decide -whether I ought to go to Arpinum or elsewhere. I -wish to celebrate my son's coming of age. Arpinum, -I think, will be the place. Please consider what I -should do next, for my troubles have made me stupid. -From Curius I want to hear whether you have had -news about Tiro. For to me Tiro has written in such -a way that I am anxious to know how he is. Those -two who come from his part say that his condition is -critical. In the midst of many great troubles this -also distresses me; for in our present straits his energy -and loyalty would be very serviceable.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[Pg 264]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVIII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. -Arpini V -K. Apra. -705</em></div> - -<p>Utrumque ex tuo consilio; nam et oratio fuit ea -nostra, ut bene potius ille de nobis existimaret quam -gratias ageret, et in eo mansimus, ne ad urbem. Illa -fefellerunt, facilem quod putaramus. Nihil vidi minus. -Damnari se nostro iudicio, tardiores fore reliquos, -si nos non veniremus, dicere. Ego dissimilem illorum -esse causam. Cum multa, "Veni igitur et age de pace." -"Meone," inquam, "arbitratu?" "An tibi," inquit, "ego -praescribam?" "Sic," inquam, "agam, senatui non placere -in Hispanias iri nec exercitus in Graeciam transportari, -multaque," inquam, "de Gnaeo deplorabo." -Tum ille: "Ego vero ista dici nolo." "Ita putabam," -inquam; "sed ego eo nolo adesse, quod aut sic mihi -dicendum est, multaque, quae nullo modo possem silere, -si adessem, aut non veniendum." Summa fuit, -ut ille quasi exitum quaerens, ut deliberarem. Non -fuit negandum. Ita discessimus. Credo igitur hunc -me non amare. At ego me amavi, quod mihi iam -pridem usu non venit.</p> - -<p>Reliqua, o di! qui comitatus, quae, ut tu soles dicere, -νέκυια! in qua erat ἥρως Celer. O rem perditam! -o copias desperatas! Quid, quod Servi filius, -quod Titini in iis castris fuerunt, quibus Pompeius -circumsederetur! Sex legiones; multum vigilat,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[Pg 265]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVIII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Arpinum, -March 28</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>In both respects I followed your advice. I spoke -so as to gain Caesar's respect rather than his gratitude; -and I persisted in my resolve not to go to Rome. We -were mistaken in thinking he would be easy to -manage. I have never seen anyone less easy. He -kept on saying that my decision was a slur on him, -and that others would be less likely to come, if I did -not come. I pointed out that my case was very unlike -theirs. After much talk he said, "Well, come and -discuss peace." "On my own terms?" I asked. -"Need I dictate to you?" said he. "Well," said I, -"I shall contend that the Senate cannot sanction -your invasion of Spain or your going with an army -into Greece, and," I added, "I shall lament Pompey's -fate." He replied, "That is not what I want." "So -I fancied," said I: "but I do not want to be in Rome, -because either I must say that and much else, on -which I cannot keep silent, if I am present, or else I -cannot come." The upshot was that I was to think -over the matter, as Caesar suggested, with a view to -closing our interview. I could not refuse. So we -parted. I am confident then he has no liking for me. -But I like myself, as I have not for a long time.</p> - -<p>For the rest, ye gods what a following! What -<em>âmes damnées</em> in your phrase! Celer is an hero to the -rest. What an abandoned cause, and what desperate -gangs! What can one think of a son of Servius and -a son of Titinius being in an army which beset Pompey? -Six legions! He is very wide-awake and</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[Pg 266]</a></span></p> - -<p>audet. Nullum video finem mali. Nunc certe promenda -tibi sunt consilia. Hoc fuerat extremum.</p> - -<p>Illa tamen κατακλεὶς illius est odiosa, quam paene -praeterii, si sibi consiliis nostris uti non liceret, usurum, -quorum posset, ad omniaqae esse descensurum. -"Vidisti igitur virum, ut scripseras? ingemuisti?" -Certe. "Cedo reliqua." Quid? Continuo ipse in -Pedanum, ego Arpinum. Inde exspecto equidem -λαλαγεῦσαν<a name="FNanchor_117_117" id="FNanchor_117_117"></a><a href="#Footnote_117_117" class="fnanchor">[117]</a> illam tuam. "Tu malim," inquies, -"actum ne agas." Etiam illum ipsum, quem sequimur, -multa fefellerunt.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_117_117" id="Footnote_117_117"></a><a href="#FNanchor_117_117"><span class="label">[117]</span></a> λαλαγεῦσαν <em>Bosius</em>: ΑΛΑΤΕΛΓΑΝ <em>M.</em></p></div> - -<p>Sed ego tuas litteras exspecto. Nihil est enim iam -ut antea "Videamus, hoc quorsum evadat." Extremum -fuit de congressu nostro; quo quidem non dubito -quin istum offfenderim. Eo maturius agendum -est. Amabo te, epistulam et πολιτικήν! Valde tuas -litteras nunc exspecto.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIX<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Arpini -prid. K. -Apr. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Ego meo Ciceroni, quoniam Roma earemus, Arpini -potissimum togam puram dedi, idque municipibus -nostris fuit gratum. Etsi omnes et illos, et qua -iter feci, maestos adflictosque vidi. Tam tristis et</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[Pg 267]</a></span></p> - -<p>bold. I see no end to our evil days. Now assuredly -you must produce your advice. This was the limit -we contemplated.</p> - -<p>Caesar's <em>finale</em>, which I had almost forgotten, was -hateful:—"If I may not use your advice, I shall use -the advice I can and go to any length." You will -say: "You have seen him to be as you have described -him: and did you heave a sigh?" Indeed I did. -You ask for the rest of our talk. What more is there -to tell? He went straight to Pedum, I to Arpinum. -From thence I await the "twittering swallow"<a name="FNanchor_118_118" id="FNanchor_118_118"></a><a href="#Footnote_118_118" class="fnanchor">[118]</a> you -talk of. You will say you prefer me not to dwell -on past mistakes. Even Pompey, our leader, has -made many.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_118_118" id="Footnote_118_118"></a><a href="#FNanchor_118_118"><span class="label">[118]</span></a> A reference to <em>Anthology</em> x, i, ὁ πλόος ὡραῖος καὶ γὰρ λαλαγεῦσα -χελιδὼν Ἤδη μέμβλωκεν χὠ χαριεὶς Ζέφυρος. -</p> -<p> -"Fair is the season for sailing: already the twittering -swallow Flitteth around, and soft bloweth the wind from the -west." Cf. <em>Att.</em> ix, 7.</p></div> - -<p>But I await a letter from you. There is no room -now, as before, for your "await the event." The -limit we fixed was that interview; and I have no -doubt I annoyed Caesar; so I must act the more -quickly. Please send me a letter and deal with <em>la -haute politique</em>. I await a letter from you now very -anxiously.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIX<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Arpinum, -March 31</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Since Rome was out of bounds, I celebrated my -son's coming of age at Arpinum in preference to any -other place, and so doing delighted my fellow-townsmen. -Though they were pleased, yet I must tell -you they and all others I have met are sad and sorry.</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[Pg 268]</a></span></p> - -<p>tam atrox est ἀναθεώρησις huius ingentis mali. Dilectus -habentur, in hiberna deducuntur. Ea, quae, -etiam cum a bonis viris, cum iusto in bello, cum modeste -fiunt, tamen ipsa per se molesta sunt, quam -censes acerba nunc esse, cum a perditis in civili nefario -bello petulantissime fiant! Cave autem putes -quemquam hominem in Italia turpem esse, qui hinc -absit. Vidi ipse Formiis universos neque mehercule -umquam homines putavi, et noram omnes, sed numquam -uno loco videram.</p> - -<p>Pergamus igitur, quo placet, et nostra omnia relinquamus, -proficiscamur ad eum, cui gratior noster -adventus erit, quam si una fuissemus. Tum enim -eramus in maxima spe, nunc ego quidem in nulla; -nec praeter me quisquam Italia cessit, nisi qui hunc -inimicum sibi putaret. Nec mehercule hoc facio rei -publicae causa, quam funditus deletam puto, sed ne -quis me putet ingratum in eum, qui me levavit iis -incommodis, quibus idem adfecerat, et simul quod ea, -quae fiunt, aut quae certe futura sunt, videre non possum. -Etiam equidem senatus consulta facta quaedam -iam puto, utinam in Volcaci sententiam! Sed -quid refert? est enim una sententia omnium. Sed -erit immitissimus Servius, qui filium misit ad effligendum -Cn. Pompeium aut certe capiendum cum Pontio -Titiniano. Etsi hic quidem timoris causa, ille vero?</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[Pg 269]</a></span></p> - -<p>So dark and direful is the <em>coup d'oeil</em> of this vast -calamity. Levies are being made; troops are being -drafted into winter quarters. These measures are -hardships in themselves even when taken by loyalists, -when the war is just, when there is some consideration. -You can imagine how bitter they are when -taken quite tyrannically by desperadoes in wicked -civil war. But you must remember that every -scoundrel in Italy is of the party. I saw them all -together at Formiae. I could hardly believe them -to be human. I knew every one of them, but I had -never seen the whole collection together.</p> - -<p>Let us go then whither we please, and leave our -all behind. Let us set out to Pompey, who will be -more gratified at our arrival than if we had been -with him all along. For then we had great hopes; -but now I at least have none: nor has anyone except -myself departed from Italy, unless he imagines Caesar -to be his enemy. Heaven be my witness I do not -take this step for the sake of the Republic, which to -my mind is utterly destroyed, but for fear I may be -charged with ingratitude to one who relieved me -from the inconveniences which he himself had inflicted: -and, at the same time, because I cannot -endure the sight of the horrors that are happening -and are bound to happen. Moreover I fancy that -now decrees of the Senate have been passed, and my -only hope is that they will agree with Volcacius' -proposal. But what does it matter? There is only -one proposal for everybody. But the most implacable -enemy will be Servius, who has sent his son with -Pontius Titinianus to destroy or at least to capture -Gnaeus Pompey. Though Titinianus has the excuse -of fear, what excuse has Servius? But let us cease</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[Pg 270]</a></span></p> - -<p>Sed stomachari desinamus et aliquando sentiamus -nihil nobis nisi, id quod minime vellem, spiritum -reliquum esse.</p> - -<p>Nos, quoniam superum mare obsidetur, infero navigabimus, -et, si Puteolis erit difficile, Crotonem petemus -aut Thurios et boni cives amantes patriae -mare infestum habebimus. Aliam rationem huius -belli gerendi nullam video. In Aegyptum nos abdemus. -Exercitu pares esse non possumus; pacis -fides nulla est. Sed haec satis deplorata sunt.</p> - -<p>Tu velim litteras Cephalioni des de omnibus rebus -actis, denique etiam de sermonibus hominum, nisi -plane obmutuerunt. Ego tuis consiliis usus sum -maximeque, quod et gravitatem in congressu nostro -tenui, quam debui, et, ad urbem ut non accederem, -perseveravi. Quod superest, scribe, quaeso, quam -accuratissime (iam enim extrema sunt), quid placeat, -quid censeas; etsi iam nulla dubitatio est. Tamen, -si quid vel potius quicquid veniet in mentem, scribas -velim.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[Pg 271]</a></span></p> - -<p>from anger and let us reflect that there is nothing -left us now except what to me is least desirable—life.</p> - -<p>As for me, since the Adriatic is beset, I shall sail -by the lower sea, and, if it be difficult to start from -Puteoli, I shall seek Croton or Thurii, and like a -loyal and patriotic citizen play the pirate. Other -means of conducting this war I see none. We will -go and bury ourselves in Egypt. We cannot match -Caesar on land, and we cannot rely on peace. But -enough of this outcry.</p> - -<p>Please entrust a letter to Cephalio about all that -has been done, and even about people's talk, unless -men have become quite dumb. I followed your -advice, especially when I maintained in our conversation -a proper dignity and persisted in my refusal to -go to Rome. For the rest please write to me in as -much detail as possible (for the worst has come to -the worst) what you approve and what you think, -though now there can be no doubt. But yet, if -anything comes into your mind, or rather whatever -comes into your mind, please write to me.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[Pg 272]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2>M. TULLI CICERONIS -EPISTULARUM AD ATTICUM -LIBER DECIMUS</h2> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>I<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Laterio -Quinti fratis -III Non. -Apr. a. 705</em></div> - -<p><span class="smcap">III</span> Nonas cum in Laterium fratris venissem, accepi -litteras tuas et paulum respiravi, quod post has ruinas -mihi non acciderat. Per enim magni aestimo -tibi firmitudinem animi nostri et factum nostrum -probari. Sexto enim nostro quod scribis probari, ita -laetor, ut me quasi patris eius, cui semper uni plurimum -tribui, iudicio comprobari putem. Qui mihi, -quod saepe soleo recordari, dixit olim Nonis illis -Decembribus, cum ego "Sexte, quidnam ergo?" "Μὴ -μάν, inquit ille, ἀσπουδί γε καὶ ἀκλειῶς ἀπολοίμην, -ἀλλὰ μέγα ῥέξας τι καὶ ἐσσομένοισι πυθέσθαι." -Eius igitur mihi vivit auctoritas, et simillimus eius -filius eodem est apud me pondere, quo fuit ille. -Quem salvere velim iubeas plurimum.</p> - -<p>Tu tuum consilium etsi non in longinquum tempus -differs (iam enim illum emptum pacificatorem -perorasse puto, iam actum aliquid esse in consessu -senatorum; senatum enim non puto), tamen suspensum -meum detines, sed eo minus, quod non dubito, -quid nobis agendum putes. Qui enim Flavio legionem -et Siciliam dari scribas, et id iam fieri, quae tu scelera</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[Pg 273]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3 class="ph2">CICERO'S LETTERS -TO ATTICUS -BOOK X</h3> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>I<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Laterium, -April 3</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<div class="sidenote-english">Iliad <span class="smcap">XXII</span>, 304</div> - -<p>On the third of April coming to my brother's -house at Laterium, I got your letter with some little -relief, a thing which had not happened to me since -this disaster began. For I attach very great weight -to your approval of my firmness of mind and my -action. As for your writing that it meets with -the approval of my friend Sextus, I am as glad as if -I fancied myself to have won the approval of his -father, on whose judgement I always set the very -highest value. I often call to mind how it was he -who said to me on that famous December the 5th, -when I asked him what we were to do next: "Let -me not die a coward and shameful death, but -greatly daring live in fame for aye." So his influence -lives for me, and his son, who is very like him, has -the same weight as he. Please give him my best -compliments.</p> - -<p>Your plan, it is true, you postpone for a very short -time,—for I fancy by now that that venal peace-maker -must have wound up his speech, and something -must have been done in the session of Senators, -for I don't consider it a Senate,—still you keep -mine in suspense, but the less so because I have no -doubt as to what you think we should do. For when -you write that Flavius is offered a legion and Sicily, -and that the matter is now in hand, just think what</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[Pg 274]</a></span></p> - -<p>partim parari iam et cogitari, partim ex tempore -futura censes? Ego vero Solonis, popularis tui, ut -puto, etiam mei, legem neglegam, qui capite sanxit, -si qui in seditione non alterius utrius partis fuisset, -et, nisi si tu aliter censes, et hinc abero et illim. -Sed alterum mihi est certius, nec praeripiam tamen. -Exspectabo tuum consilium et eas litteras, nisi alias -iam dedisti, quas scripsi ut Cephalioni dares.</p> - -<p>Quod scribis, non quo aliunde audieris, sed te -ipsum putare me attractum iri, si de pace agatur, -mihi omnino non venit in mentem, quae possit actio -esse de pace, cum illi certissimum sit, si possit, -exspoliare exercitu et provincia Pompeium; nisi forte -iste nummarius ei potest persuadere, ut, dum oratores -eant, redeant, quiescat. Nihil video, quod sperem -aut quod iam putem fieri posse. Sed tamen hominis -hoc ipsum probi est et magnum τι<a name="FNanchor_119_119" id="FNanchor_119_119"></a><a href="#Footnote_119_119" class="fnanchor">[119]</a> τῶν πολιτικωτάτων -σκεμμάτων, veniendumne sit in consilium tyranni, si -is aliqua de re bona deliberaturus sit. Quare, si quid -eius modi evenerit, ut arcessamur (quod equidem -non credo.<a name="FNanchor_120_120" id="FNanchor_120_120"></a><a href="#Footnote_120_120" class="fnanchor">[120]</a> Quid enim essem de pace dicturus, dixi; -ipse valde repudiavit), sed tamen, si quid acciderit, -quid censeas mihi faciendum, utique scribito. Nihil -enini mihi adhuc accidit, quod maioris consilii esset.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_119_119" id="Footnote_119_119"></a><a href="#FNanchor_119_119"><span class="label">[119]</span></a> et magnum τι <em>Wesenberg</em>; magnum sit <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_120_120" id="Footnote_120_120"></a><a href="#FNanchor_120_120"><span class="label">[120]</span></a> credo <em>Boot</em>: curo <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -<p>Trebati, boni viri et civis, verbis te gaudeo delectatum, -tuaque ista crebra ἐκφώνησις ὑπέρευ me -sola adhuc delectavit. Litteras tuas vehementer</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[Pg 275]</a></span></p> - -<p>iniquities are being prepared and meditated, some -now and some in the future? I shall certainly neglect -the law of Solon, your countryman, and I imagine -mine too soon, who provided the death penalty for -anyone who should not take one side in a revolution, -and, unless you advise otherwise, I shall keep apart -both from Caesar and Pompey. The former course -is quite certain: but I shall not forestall events. I -shall await your advice and the letter which I asked -you to give to Cephalio—unless you have now sent -another.</p> - -<p>You write, not on the authority of anyone, but as -your own idea, that I shall be drawn into any negotiations -there may be for peace. I cannot imagine -that there can be such negotiations, since it is -Caesar's positive determination to rob Pompey, if -possible, of army and province, unless perhaps that -hireling can induce him to keep quiet, pending the -passage to and fro of intermediaries. I see nothing -that I can hope for or even imagine is likely to -happen. However this is the very question for an -honest man to decide and one of the great questions -of <em>la haute politique</em>, whether one may enter the -council of a tyrant, if the subject of debate is good. -Therefore, if anything should happen to cause me to -be summoned—I don't in the least expect anything -will, for I have said all I can say about peace, and -Caesar was determined to repudiate it—still, if anything -should happen, write and tell me what you -think I should do in any case. For so far nothing -has happened that demands greater deliberation.</p> - -<p>I am glad you are pleased with the words of that -loyal citizen Trebatius, and your frequent bravos -have so far been my sole pleasure. Your letter I</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[Pg 276]</a></span></p> - -<p>exspecto; quas quidem credo iam datas esse. Tu -cum Sexto servasti gravitatem eandem, quam mihi -praecipis. Celer tuus disertus magis est quam -sapiens. De iuvenibus quae ex Tullia audisti, vera -sunt. Mucianum<a name="FNanchor_121_121" id="FNanchor_121_121"></a><a href="#Footnote_121_121" class="fnanchor">[121]</a> istud, quod scribis, non mihi -videtur tam re esse triste quam verbo. Haec est -ἄλη, in qua nunc sumus, mortis instar. Aut enim -mihi libere inter malos πολιτευτέον fuit aut vel periculose -cum bonis. Aut oportet temeritatem bonorum -sequamur aut audaciam improborum insectemur. -Utrumque periculosum est, at hoc, quod agimus, -turpe nec tamen tutum.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_121_121" id="Footnote_121_121"></a><a href="#FNanchor_121_121"><span class="label">[121]</span></a> Mucianum <em>Reid</em>: Maconi <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -<p>Istum, qui filium Brundisium de pace misit (de -pace idem sentio quod tu, simulationem esse apertam, -parari autem acerrime bellum), me legatum iri non -arbitror, cuius adhuc, ut optavi, mentio facta nulla -sit. Eo minus habeo necesse scribere aut etiam -cogitare, quid sim facturus, si acciderit, ut legarer.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>II<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Arcano -Quinti fr. -postr. Non. -Apr. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Ego cum accepissem tuas litteras Nonis Aprilibus, -quas Cephalio attulerat, essemque Menturnis postridie -mansurus, ut inde protinus, sustinui me in -Arcano fratris, ut, dum aliquid certius adferretur, -occultiore in loco essemus, agerenturque nihilo -minus, quae sine nobis agi possunt.</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[Pg 277]</a></span></p> - -<p>await eagerly. I expect it has been dispatched now. -With Sextus you have preserved the same dignity -that you prescribe for me. Your friend Celer has -more wit than wisdom. What you heard from Tullia -about the boys is true. Mucius' ending,<a name="FNanchor_122_122" id="FNanchor_122_122"></a><a href="#Footnote_122_122" class="fnanchor">[122]</a> which you -mention, does not seem to me so sad as it sounds. -It is this distraction in which we now find ourselves -that is like death. For I have the alternative, either -to take part in politics with a free hand among the -disloyal, or to side with the loyal at all costs. I -ought either to follow the loyalists in their rashness -or attack the other party in its daring. Either -course spells danger: but my present action brings -shame without safety.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_122_122" id="Footnote_122_122"></a><a href="#FNanchor_122_122"><span class="label">[122]</span></a> Cf. ix, 12.</p></div> - -<p>The man who sent his son to Brundisium to -negotiate peace (my views on peace are yours, that -it is patent pretence, but that war is being prosecuted -with the utmost activity) that man I think -and not I will be chosen as commissioner. So far to -my relief I have heard nothing. So I fancy it less -necessary to write or consider my possible course of -action, if I should happen to be chosen.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>II<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Arcanum, -April 6</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I received your letter brought by Cephalio on the -5th of April. The next day I intended to stop at -Menturnae, and to return thence at once. I halted -at my brother's place at Arcanum in order that I -might be in a more retired place till I get certain -news and that such preparations for the journey, as -did not need my presence, might be made.</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[Pg 278]</a></span></p> - - -<p>Λαλαγεῦσα iam adest, et animus ardet, neque est -quicquam, quo et qua. Sed haec nostra erit cura et -peritorum. Tu tamen, quod poteris, ut adhuc fecisti, -nos consiliis iuvabis. Res sunt inexplicabiles. Fortunae -sunt committenda omnia. Sine spe conamur -ulla. Melius si quid acciderit, mirabimur. Dionysium -nollem ad me profectum; de quo ad me Tullia mea -scripsit. Sed et tempus alienum est, et homini non -amico nostra incommoda, tanta praesertim, spectaculo -esse nollem; cui te meo nomine inimicum esse nolo.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>III<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Arcano VII -Id. Apr. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Cum, quod scriberem, plane nihil haberem, haec -autem reliqua essent, quae scire cuperem, profectusne -esset, quo in statu urbem reliquisset, in ipsa Italia -quem cuique regioni aut negotio praefecisset, ecqui -essent ad Pompeium et ad consules ex senatus consulto -de pace legati, cum igitur haec scire cuperem, -dedita opera has ad te litteras misi. Feceris igitur -commode mihique gratum, si me de his rebus, et si -quid erit aliud, quod scire opus sit, feceris certiorem. -Ego in Arcano opperior, dum ista cognosco.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[Pg 279]</a></span></p> - - -<p>The "bird that twitters of flight"<a name="FNanchor_123_123" id="FNanchor_123_123"></a><a href="#Footnote_123_123" class="fnanchor">[123]</a> is here and I am -afire with eagerness, though I have no idea of -destination or route. But these will be considered -by me and by those who know. You however must -assist me with your advice, so far as possible, as you -have before. The tangle cannot be unravelled. -Everything must be entrusted to fortune. We are -simply struggling without hope. If anything better -happens, I shall be surprised. I would rather -Dionysius did not come to me: Tullia has written -to me about him. The time is unsuitable, and I -should prefer that discomforts as great as mine -should not be seen by a man who is not my friend. -But I do not want you to be his enemy on my account.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_123_123" id="Footnote_123_123"></a><a href="#FNanchor_123_123"><span class="label">[123]</span></a> Cf. ix, 18.</p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>III<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Arcanum, -April 7</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Though I have nothing at all to write about, yet -these points remain, which I want to know. Has -Caesar started? In what condition has he left -Rome? In Italy itself whom has he placed in charge -of each region or department? Who were sent to -Pompey and the consuls as peace commissioners -according to the decree of the Senate? To make -these inquiries I have taken the trouble to send -this letter. So you will do well and please me, if -you inform me on these points and of anything else -which I ought to know. I stay in Arcanum till I -get information.</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[Pg 280]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IIIa<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Arcano -VII Id. -Apr. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>A. d. <span class="smcap">VII</span> Idus alteram tibi eodem die hanc epistulam -dictavi et pridie dederam mea manu longiorem. -Visum te aiunt in regia, nec reprehendo, quippe cum -ipse istam reprehensionem non fugerim. Sed exspecto -tuas litteras neque iam sane video, quid -exspectem, sed tamen, etiamsi nihil erit, id ipsum ad -me velim scribas.</p> - -<p>Caesar mihi ignoscit per litteras, quod non venerim, -seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit. -Facile patior, quod scribit, secum Titinium et Servium -questos esse, quia non idem sibi quod mihi remisisset. -Homines ridiculos! qui, cum filios misissent ad Cn. -Pompeium circumsedendum, ipsi in senatum venire -dubitarint. Sed tamen exemplum misi ad te Caesaris -litterarum.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Cumano -XVII -K. Mai. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Multas a te accepi epistulas eodem die omnes diligenter -scriptas, eam vero, quae voluminis instar erat, -saepe legendam, sicuti facio. In qua non frustra -laborem suscepisti, mihi quidem pergratum fecisti. -Quare, ut id, quoad licebit, id est quoad scies, ubi -simus, quam saepissime facias, te vehementer rogo. -Ac deplorandi quidem, quod cotidie facimus, sit iam -nobis aut finis omnino, si potest, aut moderatio quaedam,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[Pg 281]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IIIa<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Arcanum, -April 7</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>On the 7th of April I dictate this letter, the -second on the same day, and yesterday I dispatched -a longer one in my own handwriting. It is said you -have been seen in the Regia,<a name="FNanchor_124_124" id="FNanchor_124_124"></a><a href="#Footnote_124_124" class="fnanchor">[124]</a> and I don't blame you, -since I laid myself open to the same blame. But I -await a letter from you. I don't see what news I -can expect; but still, even if there is none, I wish -you would just tell me that.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_124_124" id="Footnote_124_124"></a><a href="#FNanchor_124_124"><span class="label">[124]</span></a> The official residence of Caesar as <em>Pontifex maximus</em>.</p></div> - -<p>Caesar has written to excuse me for not coming to -Rome, and says that he takes it in good part. I am -not concerned at his saying that Titinius and Servius -have complained to him for not allowing them the -same privilege as he did to me. What fools they -are! They send their sons to besiege Pompey, and -themselves hesitate to enter the House. However, -I send you a copy of Caesar's letter.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cumae, -April 14</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I have received a lot of letters from you on the -same day, all of them written with care and one, -which is as big as a book, worth reading several -times, as I am doing. Your labour has not been in -vain: you have gratified me very much. And so I -beseech you continue to write as often as you can, -so long as it is possible, that is, so long as you know -where I am. And as for our daily lamentations let -us make an end of them once for all, if we can, or at</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[Pg 282]</a></span></p> - -<p>quod profecto potest. Non enim iam, quam -dignitatem, quos honores, quem vitae statum amiserim, -cogito, sed quid consecutus sim, quid praestiterim, -qua in laude vixerim, his denique in malis quid -intersit inter me et istos, quos propter omnia amisimus. -Hi sunt, qui, nisi me civitate expulissent, -obtinere se non putaverant posse licentiam cupiditatum -suarum. Quorum societatis et sceleratae consensionis -fides quo eruperit, vides.</p> - -<p>Alter ardet furore et scelere, nec remittit aliquid, -sed in dies ingravescit; modo Italia expulit, nunc alia -ex parte persequi, ex alia provincia exspoliare conatur, -nec iam recusat, sed quodam modo postulat, ut, quem -ad modum est, sic etiam appelletur tyrannus. Alter, -is qui nos sibi quondam ad pedes stratos ne sublevabat -quidem, qui se nihil contra huius voluntatem -facere posse, elapsus e soceri manibus ac ferro bellum -terra et mari comparat, non iniustum ille quidem, -sed cum pium tum etiam necessarium, suis tamen -civibus exitiabile, nisi vicerit, calamitosum, etiamsi -vicerit. Horum ego summorum imperatoram non -modo res gestas non antepono meis, sed ne fortunam -quidem ipsam; qua illi florentissima, nos duriore -conflictati videmur. Quis enim potest aut deserta -per se patria aut oppressa beatus esse? Et, si, ut -nos a te admonemur, recte in illis libris diximus nihil -esse bonum, nisi quod honestum, nihil malum, nisi</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[Pg 283]</a></span></p> - -<p>any rate moderate them, which we certainly can. -For I have given up thinking of the dignity, the -honours and the position I have lost: I think of -what I have attained, what I have done, the glory -of my career, in short what a difference there is even -in our present straits between me and those through -whom I have lost all. They are the people who -thought they could not attain their extravagant -desires without expelling me from the State: and -you see now what has come of their coalition in a -criminal conspiracy.</p> - -<p>The one burns with a madman's lust for crime, -which does not cool one whit, but rather increases -day by day. He has just driven Pompey from Italy, -now on one side of the world he is pursuing him, on -the other he is trying to rob him of his province: -and he no longer refuses, nay, he practically demands, -to be called a tyrant, as he is. The other, who once -would not even give me a helping hand, when I -threw myself at his feet, declaring he could do -nothing against Caesar's will, now, having slipped -from the grasp of his father-in-law's mailed hand, is -preparing war by land and sea. The war is not -unjust on his part, nay, it is even righteous and -necessary; but, unless he conquers, it will be fatal to -his fellow-countrymen; and, even if he does conquer, -it will be disastrous. These are our great men; but -I do not hold their achievements one whit superior -to mine, nor even their fortune, though they may -seem to have basked in fortune's smiles while I have -met her frowns. For who can be happy, when he -has caused his country to be deserted or enslaved? -And if, as you admonish me, I was right in saying -in those books of mine that nothing is good, save</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[Pg 284]</a></span></p> - -<p>quod turpe sit, certe uterque istorum est miserrimus, -quorum utrique semper patriae salus et dignitas posterior -sua dominatione et domesticis commodis fuit. -Praeclara igitur conscientia sustentor, cum cogito me -de re publica aut meruisse optime, cum potuerim, aut -certe numquam nisi pie cogitasse, eaque ipsa tempestate -eversam esse rem publicam, quam ego <span class="smcap">XIIII</span> annis -ante prospexerim. Hac igitur conscientia comite -proficiscar magno equidem cum dolore nec tam id -propter me aut propter fratrem meum, quorum est -iam acta aetas, quam propter pueros, quibus interdum -videmur praestare etiam rem publicam debuisse. -Quorum quidem alter non tam quia filius quam,<a name="FNanchor_125_125" id="FNanchor_125_125"></a><a href="#Footnote_125_125" class="fnanchor">[125]</a> quia -maiore pietate est, me mirabiliter excruciat, alter (o -rem miseram! nihil enim mihi accidit in omni vita -acerbius) indulgentia videlicet nostra depravatus eo -progressus est, quo non audeo dicere. Et exspecto -tuas litteras; scripsisti enim te scripturum esse plura, -cum ipsum vidisses. Omne meum obsequium in -illum fuit cum multa severitate, neque unum eius nec -parvum, sed multa magna delicta compressi. Patris -autem lenitas amanda potius ab illo quam tam crudeliter -neglegenda. Nam litteras eius ad Caesarem -missas ita graviter tulimus, ut te quidem celaremus, -sed ipsius videremur vitam insuavem reddidisse. Hoc -vero eius iter simulatioque pietatis qualis fuerit, non -audeo dicere; tantum scio, post Hirtium conventum</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_125_125" id="Footnote_125_125"></a><a href="#FNanchor_125_125"><span class="label">[125]</span></a> quia filius quam <em>added by Malaspina</em>.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[Pg 285]</a></span></p> - -<p>what is honourable, and nothing bad, save what is -dishonourable, then certainly both of them are most -miserable, since both of them have thought less of -their country's safety and dignity than of their own -high place and private interests. My conscience -then is clear and helps to support me, when I think -that I have always rendered my country good service, -when I could, and assuredly have never harboured -any but loyal thoughts, and that the State has been -wrecked by the very storm which I foresaw fourteen -years ago. With a clear conscience then I shall -depart, though the parting will cost me a bitter -pang: nor shall I go so much for my own sake or for -my brother's—our day is done—as for our children, -to whom I think at times we ought to have secured -at least a free country. For one of them I feel the -most poignant grief—not so much because he is my -son, as because he is exceedingly dutiful—while the -other unfortunately has turned out the bitterest disappointment -of my life. He has been spoiled, I -suppose, by our indulgence, and has gone to lengths -that I dare not name. I am waiting for your letter -too; for you promised to write more fully when you -had seen him himself. All my humouring of him -has been accompanied by considerable strictness: -and I have had to put my foot down not over one -fault of his or a small one, but over many grave -faults. But his father's kindness should surely have -been repaid by affection rather than by such cruel -disregard. For we were more annoyed at his sending -letters to Caesar than we let you see, but I think we -made his life a burden to him. I dare not describe -this recent journey of his and his hypocritical pretence -of filial duty: I only know that, after he met Hirtius,</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[Pg 286]</a></span></p> - -<p>arcessitum a Caesare, cum eo de meo animo a suis -rationibus alienissimo et consilio relinquendi Italiam; -et haec ipsa timide. Sed nulla nostra culpa est, -natura metuenda est. Haec Curionem, haec Hortensi -filium, non patrum culpa corrupit.</p> - -<p>Iacet in maerore meus frater neque tam de sua -vita quam de mea metuit. Huic tu huic tu malo -adfer consolationes, si ullas potes; maxime quidem -illam velim, ea, quae ad nos delata sint, aut falsa esse -aut minora. Quae si vera sint, quid futurum sit in -hac vita et fuga, nescio. Nam, si haberemus rem -publicam, consilium mihi non deesset nec ad severitatem -nec ad indulgentiam. Nunc haec sive iracundia -sive dolore sive metu permotus gravius scripsi, quam -aut tuus in illum amor aut meus postulabat, si vera -sunt, ignosces, si falsa, me libente eripies mihi hunc -errorem. Quoquo modo vero se res habebit, nihil -adsignabis nec patruo nec patri.</p> - -<p>Cum haec scripsissem, a Curione mihi nuntiatum -est eum ad me venire. Venerat enim is in Cumanum -vesperi pridie, id est Idibus. Si quid igitur eius -modi sermo eius attulerit, quod ad te scribendum sit, -id his litteris adiungam.</p> - -<p>Praeteriit villam meam Curio iussitque mihi nuntiari -mox se venturum cucurritque Puteolos, ut ibi -contionaretur. Contionatus est, rediit, fuit ad me -sane diu. O rem foedam! Nosti hominem; nihil -occultavit, in primis nihil esse certius, quam ut</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[Pg 287]</a></span></p> - -<p>he was summoned to Caesar's presence, and discussed -the difference between my views and his own and -my plan of leaving Italy. Even that I write with -hesitation. But it is no fault of mine: it is his disposition -which must cause us anxiety. That is what -corrupted Curio and Hortensius' son, not their -fathers' fault.</p> - -<p>My brother is prostrate with grief, though he does -not fear for his own life so much as for mine. It is -to him, to him more than me, I want you to offer -consolation, if you can. The best consolation would -be that what we have heard was false or exaggerated. -If it was true, I fail to see what will come of this -runaway existence. For if the constitution were still -intact, I should know what to do both in the way of -severity and in the way of kindness. Now, under -the sway of some passion, be it wrath or sorrow or -fear, I have written more bitterly than either your -affection for him or mine warrants. If what I have -said is true, you will pardon me: if it is false, I shall -be only too glad to have the error removed. However -it may be, you must not blame his uncle or his -father.</p> - -<p>When I had got so far, I received a message from -Curio that he was coming to see me. He came to his -place here yesterday evening, that is on the 13th. -If any point worth mentioning to you occurs in our -conversation, I will add it to this letter.</p> - -<p>Curio passed by my house, and sent a message -saying he was coming very soon. Then he hurried -off to make a speech at Puteoli. He made his speech, -returned and stayed a very long time. How disgusting! -You know the sort of man he is: he hid -nothing. In the first place he is quite sure that all</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[Pg 288]</a></span></p> - -<p>omnes, qui lege Pompeia condemnati essent, restituerentur. -Itaque se in Sicilia eorum opera usurum. -De Hispaniis non dubitabat, quin Caesaris essent. -Inde ipsum cum exercitu, ubicumque Pompeius esset. -Eius interitum finem belli<a name="FNanchor_126_126" id="FNanchor_126_126"></a><a href="#Footnote_126_126" class="fnanchor">[126]</a> fore. Propius factum esse -nihil, nisi<a name="FNanchor_127_127" id="FNanchor_127_127"></a><a href="#Footnote_127_127" class="fnanchor">[127]</a> plane iracundia elatum voluisse Caesarem -occidi Metellum tribunum pl. Quod si esset factum, -caedem magnam futuram fuisse. Permultos hortatores -esse caedis, ipsum autem non voluntate aut -natura non esse crudelem, sed quod popularem putaret -esse clementiam. Quodsi populi stadium amisisset, -crudelem fore. Eumque perturbatum, quod intellegeret -se apud ipsam plebem offendisse de aerario. -Itaque, ei cum certissimum fuisset, antequam proficisceretur, -contionem habere, ausum non esse vehementerque -animo perturbato profectum. Cum autem -ex eo quaererem, quid videret, quem eventum, quam -rem publicam, plane fatebatur nullam spem reliquam. -Pompei classem timebat. Quae si exisset, se de -Sicilia abiturum. "Quid isti," inquam, "sex tui -fasces? si a senatu, cur laureati? si ab ipso, cur sex?" -"Cupivi," inquit, "ex senatus consulto surrupto; -nam aliter non poterat. At ille impendio nunc magis -odit senatum. A me," inquit, "omnia proficiscentur,"</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_126_126" id="Footnote_126_126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_126_126"><span class="label">[126]</span></a> belli <em>Manutius</em>; illi <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_127_127" id="Footnote_127_127"></a><a href="#FNanchor_127_127"><span class="label">[127]</span></a> nisi <em>Schmidt</em>; ei <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[Pg 289]</a></span></p> - -<p>those condemned by Pompey's law are going to be -recalled: and so he is going to make use of their -services in Sicily. He had no doubt about Caesar -getting the two Spains and said he would start from -them with an army to wherever Pompey might -be. Pompey's death would be the end of the war. -Caesar had been carried away by anger into wishing -to have the tribune Metellus killed and he had -had a narrow shave. If it had happened, there -would have been an enormous massacre. Many had -spoken in favour of a massacre: and Caesar himself -was not by nature and inclination averse to cruelty, -but he thought that mild measures would win popularity. -But, if he lost popular favour, he would be cruel. -He had been put out when he found that he had -offended the populace itself by seizing the treasury: -and so, though he had fully made up his mind to -harangue the people before leaving, he had not -ventured to do so, and he had gone off in a very disturbed -state of mind. But when I asked Curio what -he looked forward to, what end, and what constitution, -he confessed openly that there was no hope left. -He was afraid of Pompey's fleet, and, if it put to sea, -he should desert Sicily. I asked, what was the meaning -of his six lictors, why their staves were laurelled, -if the Senate gave them to him, and why there were -six, if Caesar gave them. <a name="FNanchor_128_128" id="FNanchor_128_128"></a><a href="#Footnote_128_128" class="fnanchor">[128]</a> He said, "I wanted to -snatch a vote from the House for them (for it could -not be done openly): but Caesar hates the Senate -like poison, and declares that all such authority will</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_128_128" id="Footnote_128_128"></a><a href="#FNanchor_128_128"><span class="label">[128]</span></a> Six lictors were the regular number for the propraetor -of Sicily; but their staves would not be laurelled as Curio -had not won a victory over a public enemy. If appointed -a <em>legatus</em> to Caesar he might have had proconsular powers -and twelve lictors.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[Pg 290]</a></span></p> - -<p>"Cur autem sex?" "Quia <span class="smcap">XII</span> nolui; nam -licebat." Tum ego "Quam vellem," inquam, "petisse -ab eo, quod audio Philippum impetrasse! Sed veritus -sum, quia ille a me nihil impetrabat." "Libenter," -inquit, "tibi concessisset. Verum puta te impetrasse; -ego enim ad eum scribam, ut tu ipse voles, de ea re -nos inter nos locutos. Quid autem illius interest, -quoniam in senatum non venis, ubi sis? Quin nunc -ipsum minime offendisses eius causam, si in Italia non -fuisses." Ad quae ego me recessum et solitudinem -quaerere, maxime quod lictores haberem. Laudavit -consilium. "Quid ergo?" inquam; "nam mihi -cursus in Graeciam per tuam provinciam est, quoniam -ad mare superum milites sunt." "Quid mihi," inquit, -"optatius?" Hoc loco multa perliberaliter. -Ergo hoc quidem est profectum, ut non modo tuto, -verum etiam palam navigaremus.</p> - -<p>Reliqua in posterum diem distulit; ex quibus -scribam ad to si quid erit epistula dignum. Sunt -autem, quae praeterii, interregnumne esset exspectaturus, -an, quo modo dixerit ille quidem ad se deferri -consulatum, sed se nolle in proximum annum. Et -alia sunt, quae exquiram. Iurabat ad summam, quod -nullo negotio facere solet, amicissimum mihi Caesarem -esse. "Dubito equidem," inquam. "Scripsit ad me -Dolabella." "Dic, quid?" Adfirmabat eum scripsisse, -quod me cuperet ad urbem venire, illum quidem -gratias agere maximas et non modo probare, sed -etiam gaudere. Quid quaeris? acquievi, Levata</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[Pg 291]</a></span></p> - -<p>proceed from him." "But why six?" "Because I -didn't want twelve, though I could have had them." -I said: "I wish I had asked for what I hear Philippus -has got from him: but I was afraid to ask, as he got -nothing from me." He replied: "He would willingly -have given you permission. But take it that you -did get it. I will write to him just as you wish, and -say we have spoken about the matter. What does -it matter to him where you are, as you do not attend -the House? If you were not in Italy at this very -moment, it would not damage his cause in the least." -I responded that I was looking for a retired and -solitary retreat, especially because I still had my -lictors in attendance. He agreed with me. "How -about this then," said I. "My way through to -Greece lies through your province, as the Adriatic is -guarded." "There is nothing I should like better," -he said, and added many very handsome remarks. -So something has come of it: I could sail not only in -safety, but openly.</p> - -<p>The rest he put off for the next day: I will write and -tell you if there is anything worth mentioning. But -there are some things I omitted to ask: whether -Caesar was going to wait for an interregnum, or -what he meant by saying that he had been offered -the consulship but had refused it for the next year. -And there are other points I must ask about. Finally -he swore—though to be sure he makes no bones -about swearing—that Caesar was very friendly to -me. I expressed my doubt. He said he had heard -from Dolabella. I asked what he said, and he -declared he said Caesar had thanked him warmly for -wanting me to go to Rome, and not only approved -but showed pleasure. Of course I felt relieved.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[Pg 292]</a></span></p> - -<p>est enim suspicio illa domestici mali et sermonis -Hirtiani. Quam cupio illum dignum esse nobis, et -quam ipse me invito, quae pro illo sint, ad suspicandum! -Sed opus fuit Hirtio convento? Est profecto -nescio quid, sed velim quam minimo. Et tamen eum -nondum redisse miramur. Sed haec videbimus.</p> - -<p>Tu Oppios Terentiae delegabis.<a name="FNanchor_129_129" id="FNanchor_129_129"></a><a href="#Footnote_129_129" class="fnanchor">[129]</a> Iam enim urbis -unum periculum est. Me tamen consilio iuva, pedibusne -Regium an hinc statim in navem, et cetera, -quoniam commoror. Ego ad te statim habebo, quod -scribam, simul ut videro Curionem. De Tirone cura, -quaeso, quod facis, ut sciam, quid is agat.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_129_129" id="Footnote_129_129"></a><a href="#FNanchor_129_129"><span class="label">[129]</span></a> delegabis <em>Wesenberg</em>: dabis <em>MSS.</em></p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>V<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Cumano XV -K. Mai. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>De tota mea cogitatione scripsi ad te antea satis, -ut mihi visus sum, diligenter. De die nihil sane -potest scribi certi praeter hoc, non ante lunam novam. -Curionis sermo postridie eandem habuit fere -summam, nisi quod apertius significavit se harum -rerum exitum non videre.</p> - -<p>Quod mihi mandas de Quinto regendo, Ἀρκαδίαν</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[Pg 293]</a></span></p> - -<p>The suspicion of domestic treachery and of the talk -with Hirtius has been removed. How I hope young -Quintus is worthy of his family, and how I keep -urging myself to note the points in his favour! But -need he have visited Hirtius? There is something -in the tale, but I hope it may not prove of much -consequence. Still I wonder he is not back yet. -But we shall see about this.</p> - -<p>Please introduce Terentia to the Oppii: for there -is only one danger in Rome now.<a name="FNanchor_130_130" id="FNanchor_130_130"></a><a href="#Footnote_130_130" class="fnanchor">[130]</a> As for me, give -me the benefit of your advice as to whether I am to -go to Regium on foot or to embark straight from -here, and on all the other points too, as I am staying -here. I shall have something to write as soon as I -have seen Curio. Please keep me posted up in news -about Tiro's condition, as you have done.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_130_130" id="Footnote_130_130"></a><a href="#FNanchor_130_130"><span class="label">[130]</span></a> The Oppii were moneylenders, and, if the reading <em>unum</em> -is right, Cicero must mean that lack of obtaining ready -money was the only danger in Rome.</p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>V<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cumae, -April 16</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C. 49</span></div> - -<p>About the whole of my plans I have written to -you before, as I think, exactly. Of the day I can -say no more for certain than this, that it will not -be before the new moon. Curio's conversation on -the next day had practically the same gist, except -that he showed still more frankly that he could not -see an end to this state of things.</p> - -<div class="sidenote-latin">50,000 sesterces</div> - -<div class="sidenote-latin">30,000 sesterces</div> - -<p>As for your commission about the control of -Quintus, you are asking for the moon.<a name="FNanchor_131_131" id="FNanchor_131_131"></a><a href="#Footnote_131_131" class="fnanchor">[131]</a> However I</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_131_131" id="Footnote_131_131"></a><a href="#FNanchor_131_131"><span class="label">[131]</span></a> Cf. the answer of the Delphic oracle to a Spartan envoy -in Herodotus I, 66, Ἀρκαδίαν μ'αἰτεῖς, μέγα μ'αἰτεῖς, οὖτοι δώσω. -"Thou askest for Arcadia. 'Tis much thou askest for. I -will not give it."</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[Pg 294]</a></span></p> - -<p>Tamen nihil praetermittam. Atque utinam tu ——, -sed molestior non ero. Epistulam ad Vestorium -statim detuli, ac valde requirere solebat. Commodius -tecum Vettienus est locutus, quam ad me scripserat. -Sed mirari satis hominis neglegentiam non -queo. Cum enim mihi Philotimus dixisset se HS <span class="bt">L</span> -emere de Canuleio deversorium illud posse, minoris -etiam empturum, si Vettienum rogassem, rogavi, ut, -si quid posset, ex ea summa detraheret. Promisit. -Ad me nuper se HS <span class="bt">XXX</span> emisse; ut scriberem, cui -vellem addici; diem pecuniae Idus Novembr. esse. -Rescripsi ei stomachosius, cum ioco tamen familiari. -Nunc, quoniam agit liberaliter, nihil accuso hominem, -scripsique ad eum me a te certiorem esse factum. -Tu, de tuo itinere quid et quando cogites, velim me -certiorem facias. A. d. <span class="smcap">XV</span> K. Maias.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Cumano -medio m. -Apr. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Me adhuc nihil praeter tempestatem moratur. -Astute nihil sum acturus. Fiat in Hispania quidlibet; -et tamen ire certum est.<a name="FNanchor_132_132" id="FNanchor_132_132"></a><a href="#Footnote_132_132" class="fnanchor">[132]</a> Meas cogitationes -omnis explicavi tibi superioribus litteris. Quocirca -hae sunt breves, etiam<a name="FNanchor_133_133" id="FNanchor_133_133"></a><a href="#Footnote_133_133" class="fnanchor">[133]</a> quia festinabam eramque -occupatior.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_132_132" id="Footnote_132_132"></a><a href="#FNanchor_132_132"><span class="label">[132]</span></a> ire certum est <em>Wesenberg</em>: recitet et <em>MZ</em><sup>b</sup>: reticeret <em>Z</em><sup>l</sup>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_133_133" id="Footnote_133_133"></a><a href="#FNanchor_133_133"><span class="label">[133]</span></a> etiam <em>Malaspina</em>: et tamen <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -<p>De Quinto filio fit a me quidem sedulo; sed nosti</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[Pg 295]</a></span></p> - -<p>shall be guilty of no omission and would that you——. -But I will not be too troublesome. The letter I -forwarded at once to Vestorius; he kept asking -why it was not sent. Vettienus has spoken with -you in a tone more accommodating than his letter to -me: but I am greatly astonished at the man's carelessness. -Philotimus informed me that he could buy -that lodge of Canuleius for 400 guineas, and could -get it even for less, if I asked Vettienus to act as -purchaser. So I did ask Vettienus to get a deduction -from that sum, if he could. He promised. -Lately he has informed me that he bought it for -about £250, and asked me to inform him to whom -I wished to convey it, adding that the day for payment -was the 13th of November. My reply was -somewhat cross, but yet in a familiar joking vein. -Now, as he is acting handsomely, I have no charge -against him, and I have written to him that you have -informed me. Please let me know about your -journey, what you intend to do and when.</p> - -<p>April 16.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cumae, -April</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>So far nothing stops me beyond the weather. I -am not going to play a sharp game. Let what will -happen in Spain, I have made up my mind to go. My -plans have all been unfolded to you in previous -letters; so this is a short one; also because I am in a -hurry and rather busy.</p> - -<p>As for young Quintus "surely I do my best,"<a name="FNanchor_134_134" id="FNanchor_134_134"></a><a href="#Footnote_134_134" class="fnanchor">[134]</a> you</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_134_134" id="Footnote_134_134"></a><a href="#FNanchor_134_134"><span class="label">[134]</span></a> Possibly a reference to Terence <em>Adelphi</em> 44, "Fit sedulo, -nihil praetermitto, consuefacio."</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[Pg 296]</a></span></p> - -<p>reliqua. Quod dein me mones, et amice et prudenter -me mones, sed erunt omnia facilia, si ab uno illo -cavero. Magnum opus est, mirabilia multa, nihil -simplex, nihil sincerum. Vellem suscepisses iuvenem -regendum; pater enim nimis indulgens, quicquid ego -adstrinxi, relaxat. Si sine illo possem, regerem; -quod tu potes. Sed ignosco; magnum, inquam, -opus est.</p> - -<p>Pompeium pro certo habemus per Illyricum proficisci -in Galliam. Ego nunc, qua et quo, videbo.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Cumano circ. -IX K. Mai. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Ego vero Apuliam et Sipontum et tergiversationem -istam probo, nec tuam rationem eandem esse -duco quam meam, non quin in re publica rectum -idem sit utrique nostrum, sed ea non agitur. Regnandi -contentio est, in qua pulsus est modestior rex -et probior et integrior et is, qui nisi vincit, nomen -populi Romani deleatur necesse est, sin autem vincit, -Sullano more exemploque vincet. Ergo hac in contentione -neutrum tibi palam sentiendum et tempori -serviendum est. Mea causa autem alia est, quod -beneficio vinctus ingratus esse non possum, nec tamen -in acie me, sed Melitae aut alio in loco simili futurum -puto. "Nihil," inquies, "iuvas eum, in quem</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[Pg 297]</a></span></p> - -<p>know the rest. You go on to advise me, and you -advise me like a prudent friend; but all will be -simple, if I beware of the youngster. It is a big -business; he is full of oddities and has no simplicity -or sincerity. I wish you had undertaken his training; -for his father is too kind. If I tighten the -rein, he loosens it. If I could act without his father, -I could manage the youngster, as you can do. But -I excuse you. It is, as I say, a big business.</p> - -<p>Pompey, I am certain, is marching through Illyricum -into Gaul. By what route and whither I am -now to travel, I shall see.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cumae, -April 22(?)</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Yes, I think you are right to hedge, and stay in -Apulia and Sipontum: nor do I consider that your -case is the same as mine. Of course in the matter -of the constitution the right course is the same for -both of us: but the constitution is not now in question. -It is a struggle between two kings, in which -defeat has overtaken the more moderate king, the -one who is more upright and honest, the one whose -failure means that the very name of the Roman -people must be wiped out, though, if he wins the -victory, he will use it after the manner and example -of Sulla. Therefore in a contest like this you must -not openly express your sentiments for either side, -but must await the event. My case however is -different. I am under the bond of an obligation, -and cannot show ingratitude. But yet I do not -fancy that I shall be found in the line of battle, but -at Malta or some other similar place. You may say I</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[Pg 298]</a></span></p> - -<p>ingratus esse non vis?" Immo minus fortasse voluisset. -Sed de hoc videbimus; exeamus modo. Quod -ut meliore tempore possimus, facit Adriano mari -Dolabella, Fretensi Curio.</p> - -<p>Iniecta autem mihi spes quaedam est velle mecum -Ser. Sulpicium conloqui. Ad eum misi Philotimum -libertum cum litteris. Si vir esse volet, praeclara -συνοδία, sin autem ——, erimus nos, qui solemus. -Curio mecum vixit, iacere Caesarem putans offensione -populari Siciliaeque diffidens, si Pompeius navigare -coepisset.</p> - -<p>Quintum puerum accepi vehementer. Avaritiam -video fuisse et spem magni congiarii. Magnum hoc -malum est, sed scelus illud, quod timueramus, spero -nullum fuisse. Hoc autem vitium puto te existimare -non a nostra indulgentia, sed a natura profectum. -Quem tamen nos disciplina regemus.</p> - -<p>De Oppiis Veliensibus quid placeat, cum Philotimo -videbis. Epirum nostram putabimus, sed alios -cursus videbamur habituri.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Cumano VI -Non. Mai. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Et res ipsa monebat, et tu ostenderas, et ego -videbam de iis rebus, quas intercipi periculosum -esset, finem inter nos scribendi fieri tempus esse. -Sed, cum ad me saepe mea Tullia scribat orans, ut, -quid in Hispania geratur, exspectem, et semper</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[Pg 299]</a></span></p> - -<p>do not help the man to whom I am loth to show ingratitude. -No. Perhaps he would have been glad -if I had helped him less. But that we shall see. -Let me only get away. A fair opportunity is offered -now that Dolabella is in the Adriatic and Curio in -the straits of Sicily.</p> - -<p>I have conceived some hope that Servius Sulpicius -wishes to see me. I have dispatched Philotimus, -my freedman, to him with a letter. If he wishes to -play the man, we shall have a fine time together. But -if not, well, I shall be my own old self. Curio stayed -with me. He thinks that Caesar is falling in popular -esteem and he is mistrustful about going to Sicily, if -Pompey should begin a naval action.</p> - -<p>The boy Quintus got it hot when he came. I see -it was greed and the hope of a large bounty. This -is a great evil; but disloyalty, which I feared, there -was I hope none. But this flaw, I fancy you will -gather, did not proceed from my spoiling him, but -from his own temperament. Still, I must teach him -discipline.</p> - -<p>As to the Oppii of Velia, you will arrange with -Philotimus as you think fit. Your place in Epirus I -shall regard as my own; but it seems I shall go on -another tack.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cumae, -May 2</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Circumstances advise, you have pointed out, and I -see for myself, that it is time there was an end to -our correspondence on topics which it is dangerous -to have intercepted: but since my daughter often -writes beseeching me to await the issue in Spain and</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[Pg 300]</a></span></p> - -<p>adscribat idem videri tibi, idque ipse etiam ex tuis -litteris intellexerim, non puto esse alienum me ad -te, quid de ea re sentiam, scribere.</p> - -<p>Consilium istud tunc esset prudens, ut mihi videtur, -si nostras rationes ad Hispaniensem casum accommodaturi -essemus; quod fieri non debet.<a name="FNanchor_135_135" id="FNanchor_135_135"></a><a href="#Footnote_135_135" class="fnanchor">[135]</a> Necesse -est enim aut, id quod maxime velim, pelli istum ab -Hispania, aut trahi id bellum, aut istum, ut confidere -videtur, apprehendere Hispanias. Si pelletur, quam -gratus aut quam honestus tum erit ad Pompeium -noster adventus, cum ipsum Curionem ad eum transiturum -putem? Si trahitur bellum, quid exspectem -aut quam diu? Relinquitur, ut, si vincimur in Hispania, -quiescamus. Id ego contra puto. Istum -enim victorem magis relinquendum puto quam -victum, et dubitantem magis quam fidentem suis -rebus. Nam caedem video, si vicerit, et impetum -in privatorum pecunias et exsulum reditum et tabulas -novas et turpissimorum honores et regnum non modo -Romano homini, sed ne Persae quidem cuiquam -tolerabile. Tacita esse poterit indignitas nostra? -pati poterunt oculi me cum Gabinio sententiam -dicere, et quidem illum rogari prius? praesto esse -clientem tuum Clodium, C. Atei Plaguleium, ceteros? -Sed cur inimicos conligo, qui meos necessarios a me -defensos nec videre in curia sine dolore nec versari -inter eos sine dedecore potero? Quid, si ne id -quidem est exploratum fore ut mihi liceat? Scribunt -enim ad me amici eius me illi nullo modo satis</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_135_135" id="Footnote_135_135"></a><a href="#FNanchor_135_135"><span class="label">[135]</span></a> non debet <em>is omitted by the best MSS. and is probably -only supplied by conjecture in P</em>.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[Pg 301]</a></span></p> - -<p>always adds that you think the same, and this is -what I have gathered myself from your letters, I -think it is well for me to write to you what I think -about it.</p> - -<p>The advice would be wise, it seems to me, only if -I meant to shape my course according to what happens -in Spain. That is impossible. For either, as -I should much prefer, Caesar must be driven from -Spain, or the war will drag on, or Caesar will seize -Spain, as he seems to be confident. If Caesar is -driven from Spain, you can imagine how pleasing -and honourable my arrival will seem to Pompey, -when I suppose even Curio will go over to him. If -the war drags on, for what am I to wait or how -long? The remaining alternative is that I should -keep neutral, if we are beaten in Spain. I take the -opposite view: for I think I am more bound to desert -Caesar as victor than as vanquished, and while he -is still doubtful rather than confident about his fortunes: -for I foresee a massacre, if he conquers, attack -on the wealth of private persons, the recall of exiles, -repudiation of debts, high office for the vilest men, -and a tyranny intolerable to a Persian much more to -a Roman. Will my indignation be able to keep -silence? Can my eyes endure to see myself giving -my vote along with Gabinius, or indeed Gabinius -being asked his opinion before me? Your client -Clodius in waiting? Plaguleius, the client of C. -Ateius, and all the others? But why do I make a list of -opponents, when I shall be unable to see in the House -without pain friends whom I have defended or to -mix with them without shame? And what if even -that may not be allowed to me, for all I know? For -Caesar's friends write me that he is not at all</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[Pg 302]</a></span></p> - -<p>fecisse, quod in senatum non venerim. Tamenne -dubitemus, an ei nos etiam cum periculo venditemus, -quicum coniuncti ne cum praemio quidem voluimus -esse? Deinde hoc vide, non esse iudicium de tota -contentione in Hispaniis, nisi forte iis amissis arma -Pompeium abiecturum putas, cuius omne consilium -Themistocleum est. Existimat enim, qui mare -teneat, eum necesse esse rerum potiri. Itaque numquam -id egit, ut Hispaniae per se tenerentur, navalis -apparatus ei semper antiquissima cura fuit. Navigabit -igitur, cum erit tempus, maximis classibus et -ad Italiam accedet. In qua nos sedentes quid erimus? -nam medios esse iam non licebit. Classibus -adversabimur igitur? Quod maius scelus aut tantum -denique? quid turpius? anuival dehic in absentis<a name="FNanchor_136_136" id="FNanchor_136_136"></a><a href="#Footnote_136_136" class="fnanchor">[136]</a> -solus tuli scelus, eiusdem cum Pompeio et cum reliquis -principibus non feram? Quodsi iam misso -officio periculi ratio habenda est, ab illis est periculum, -si peccaro, ab hoc, si recte fecero, nec ullum -in his malis consilium periculo vacuum inveniri potest, -ut non sit dubium, quin turpiter facere cum -periculo fugiamus, quod fugeremus etiam cum salute. -Non si<a name="FNanchor_137_137" id="FNanchor_137_137"></a><a href="#Footnote_137_137" class="fnanchor">[137]</a> simul cum Pompeio mare transierimus? -Omnino non potuimus. Exstat ratio dierum. Sed -tamen—fateamur enim, quod est: ne condimus quidem—ut -possimus, fefellit ea me res, quae fortasse -non debuit, sed fefellit. Pacem putavi fore. Quae -si esset, iratum mihi Caesarem esse, cum idem amicus</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_136_136" id="Footnote_136_136"></a><a href="#FNanchor_136_136"><span class="label">[136]</span></a> <em>The text here is hopelessly corrupt and no satisfactory -emendation has been made. The translation gives the -probable sense.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_137_137" id="Footnote_137_137"></a><a href="#FNanchor_137_137"><span class="label">[137]</span></a> si <em>added by Tyrrell</em>.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[Pg 303]</a></span></p> - -<p>satisfied because I did not come to the Senate. Am -I still to hesitate whether to sell myself to him at -grave risk, when I refused to join him even with a -certainty of reward. Besides consider this that the -verdict on the whole contest does not depend on -Spain; unless perhaps you think that, if Spain is -lost, Pompey will throw down his arms, when his -policy has always been that of Themistocles. He -considers that the master of the sea must be master -of the empire: so he has never planned to hold -Spain for its own sake. The equipment of the fleet -has always been his first care. So he will take to -the sea in due season with a huge fleet and will -come to Italy. What then will be the fate of us, if -we stay here idle? Neutrality will be impossible. -Shall we then resist the fleet? Could there be a -crime deeper, greater or baser? Isolated I ran -risks: shall I hesitate with the help of Pompey and -the rest of the nobles. If now I am to take no -account of duty but only of danger, it is from -Pompey's party I run risk, if I do wrong, from -Caesar, if I do right: and such is our evil plight that -no plan is so free from danger as to leave a doubt -that I should avoid doing with disgrace as well as -danger what I should have avoided, if it had been -safe. You will say I might safely have crossed the -sea with Pompey. It was altogether impossible. It -is easy to reckon the days: but nevertheless (for let -me confess the truth: I do not even sugar my confession) -supposing I could, I was mistaken over a -point which perhaps ought not to have misled me; -but it did. I thought that peace might be made: -and, if it should be, I did not wish Caesar to be -angry with me, when at the same time he was</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[Pg 304]</a></span></p> - -<p>esset Pompeio, nolui. Senseram enim, quam idem -essent. Hoc verens in hanc tarditatem incidi. Sed -assequor omnia, si propero, si cunctor, amitto. Et -tamen, mi Attice, auguria quoque me incitant quadam -spe non dubia, nec haec collegii nostri ab Atto, -sed illa Platonis de tyrannis. Nullo enim modo -posse video stare istum diutius, quin ipse per se -etiam languentibus nobis concidat, quippe qui florentissimus -ac novus <span class="smcap">VI</span>, <span class="smcap">VII</span> diebus ipsi illi egenti ac -perditae multitudini in odium acerbissimum venerit, -qui duarum rerum simulationem tam cito amiserit, -mansuetudinis in Metello, divitiarum in aerario. -Iam quibus utatur vel sociis vel ministris? ii provincias, -ii rem publicam regent, quorum nemo duo -menses potuit patrimonium suum gubernare?</p> - -<p>Non sunt omnia colligenda, quae tu acutissime perspicis, -sed tamen ea pone ante oculos; iam intelleges -id regnum vix semenstre esse posse. Quod si me -fefellerit, feram, sicut multi clarissimi homines in re -publica excellentes tulerunt, nisi forti me Sardanapalli -vicem [in suo lectulo]<a name="FNanchor_138_138" id="FNanchor_138_138"></a><a href="#Footnote_138_138" class="fnanchor">[138]</a> mori malle censueris quam -exsilio Themistocleo. Qui com fuisset, ut ait Thucydides, -τῶν μὲν παρόντων δι' ἐλαχίστης βουλῆς κράτιστος -γνώμων, τῶν δὲ μελλόντων ἐς πλεῖστον τοῦ -γενησομένου ἄριστος εἰκαστής, tamen incidit in eos</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_138_138" id="Footnote_138_138"></a><a href="#FNanchor_138_138"><span class="label">[138]</span></a> <em>The words in brackets are deleted by Nipperdey as a -gloss.</em></p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[Pg 305]</a></span></p> - -<p>friendly with Pompey. For I had realized how -exactly they were alike. That fear of mine led me -to delay. But I gain all now by haste, and, if I -delay, I lose all. Nevertheless, my friend, there -are auguries which urge me on, with hope not uncertain: -I do not mean those of my own college -which came down from Attus Navius: but Plato's -words about the tyrant.<a name="FNanchor_139_139" id="FNanchor_139_139"></a><a href="#Footnote_139_139" class="fnanchor">[139]</a> For I see that Caesar can -in no way maintain his position much longer, without -causing his own fall, even if we are backward. For -in his first and flourishing days it did not take him -a week to incur the bitter hatred of the needy abandoned -rabble, by letting slip through his fingers so -quickly his fictitious claim to two things, clemency -in the case of Metellus and ample wealth in the -case of the public money. Now what kind of associates -and servants can he employ? Are men to rule provinces -and direct affairs not one of whom could steer -his own fortunes for two months?</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_139_139" id="Footnote_139_139"></a><a href="#FNanchor_139_139"><span class="label">[139]</span></a> Probably <cite>Republic</cite> <span class="smcap">VIII</span>, 562.</p></div> - -<p>I need not put all the points together; you see -them clearly enough: but put them before your eyes -and you will understand that his reign can hardly -last for half a year. If I am mistaken, I will bear -the consequences, as many illustrious men, eminent -in public life, have borne them, unless perhaps you -consider that I should prefer to die like Sardanapalus -[in his bed] rather than like Themistocles in exile. -For Thucydides tells us that though Themistocles -was "the best judge of current affairs on the shortest -reflection, and the shrewdest to guess at what would -happen in the future," yet he fell into misfortunes, -which he would have escaped, had there been no</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[Pg 306]</a></span></p> - -<p>casus, quos vitasset, si eum nihil fefellisset. Etsi is -erat, ut ait idem, qui τὸ ἄμεινον καὶ τὸ χεῖρον ἐν -τῷ ἀφανεῖ ἔτι ἑώρα μάλιστα, tamen non vidit, nec -quo modo Lacedaemoniorum nec quo modo suorum -civium invidiam effugeret nec quid Artaxerxi polliceretur. -Non fuisset illa nox tam acerba Africano, -sapientissimo viro, non tam dirus ille dies Sullanus -callidissimo viro, C. Mario, si nihil utrumque eorum -fefellisset. Nos tamen hoc confirmamus illo augurio, -quo diximus, nec nos fallit, nec aliter accidet. Corruat -iste necesse est aut per adversarios aut ipse per -se, qui quidem sibi est adversarius unus acerrimus. Id -spero vivis nobis fore; quamquam tempus est nos de -illa perpetua iam, non de hac exigua vita cogitare. -Sin quid accident maturius, haud sane mea multum -interfuerit, utrum factum videam an futurum esse -multo ante viderim. Quae cum ita sint, non est -committendum, ut iis paream, quos contra me senatus, -ne quid res publica detrimenti acciperet, armavit.</p> - -<p>Tibi sunt omnia commendata, quae commendationis -meae pro tuo in nos amore non indigent. Nec -hercule ego quidem reperio, quid scribam; sedeo enim -πλουδοκῶν. Etsi nihil umquam tam fuit scribendum -quam nihil mihi umquam ex plurimis tuis iucunditatibus</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[Pg 307]</a></span></p> - -<p>error in his calculations. Though he was, as the -same writer says, "a clear-sighted judge of the -better and the worse course in a doubtful crisis,"<a name="FNanchor_140_140" id="FNanchor_140_140"></a><a href="#Footnote_140_140" class="fnanchor">[140]</a> -yet he failed to see how to avoid the hate of the -Spartans and his own fellow-citizens, nor what promise -he ought to make to Artaxerxes. Africanus -would have been spared that cruel night,<a name="FNanchor_141_141" id="FNanchor_141_141"></a><a href="#Footnote_141_141" class="fnanchor">[141]</a> and that -master of craft C. Marius the fateful day of Sulla's -triumph, if nothing had ever escaped their calculations. -So I strengthen myself by that prophetic -remark of Plato: I am not deceived nor will it -happen otherwise. Caesar is bound to fall either -through the agency of his enemies or of himself, and -he is his own worst enemy. I hope it will be in our -lifetime, though it is an occasion for us to consider -the lasting future and not our own narrow life. If -anything happens to me before that day, it will not -have mattered to me much whether I see it come -about or foresee that it will happen long before. -Since this is so, I must not obey men against whom -the Senate armed me with power to see that the -Republic took no harm.<a name="FNanchor_142_142" id="FNanchor_142_142"></a><a href="#Footnote_142_142" class="fnanchor">[142]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_140_140" id="Footnote_140_140"></a><a href="#FNanchor_140_140"><span class="label">[140]</span></a> Thucydides i, 138.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_141_141" id="Footnote_141_141"></a><a href="#FNanchor_141_141"><span class="label">[141]</span></a> P. Scipio Africanus the younger was found dead in his -bed, and was supposed to have been murdered at Carbo's -instigation.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_142_142" id="Footnote_142_142"></a><a href="#FNanchor_142_142"><span class="label">[142]</span></a> Cf. <cite>Ad Fam.</cite> <span class="smcap">XVI</span>, 11, where he states that the Senate -gave a general commission to all magistrates and ex-consuls -"<em>ne quid respublica detrimenti caperet</em>."</p></div> - -<p>To you all my interests have been entrusted, -though they need no entrusting considering your -great affection for me. I have nothing to write, for -I sit waiting to sail. Yet I never wanted so much -to write anything, as I want to tell you that of your</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[Pg 308]</a></span></p> - -<p>gratius accidisse, quam quod meam Tulliam -suavissime diligentissimeque coluisti. Valde eo ipsa -delectata est, ego autem non minus. Cuius quidem -virtus mirifica. Quo modo illa fert publicam cladem, -quo modo domesticas tricas! quantus autem animus -in discessu nostro! Est στοργή, est summa σύντηξις. -Tamen nos recte facere et bene audire vult. Sed hac -super re ne nimis, ne meam ipse συμπάθειαν iam -evocem.</p> - -<p>Tu, si quid de Hispaniis certius et si quid aliud, -dum adsumus, scribes, et ego fortasse discedens dabo -ad te aliquid, eo etiam magis, quod Tullia te non putabat -hoc tempore ex Italia. Cum Antonio item est -agendum ut cum Curione Melitae me velle esse, -huic civili bello nolle interesse. Eo velim tam facili -uti possim et tam bono in me quam Curione. Is ad -Misenum <span class="smcap">VI</span> Nonas venturus dicebatur, id est hodie. -Sed praemisit mihi odiosas litteras hoc exemplo:</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIIIa<br /> - -"ANTONIUS TRIB. PL. PRO PR. CICERONI IMP. SAL.</h3> - - -<p>Nisi te valde amarem, et multo quidem plus, quam -tu putas, non extimuissem rumorem, qui de te prolatus -est, cum praesertim falsum esse existimarem. Sed, -quia te nimio plus diligo, non possum dissimulare -mihi famam quoque, quamvis sit falsa, magni esse. -Te iturum esse<a name="FNanchor_143_143" id="FNanchor_143_143"></a><a href="#Footnote_143_143" class="fnanchor">[143]</a> trans mare credere non possum, cum -tanti facias Dolabellam et Tulliam tuam, feminam</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_143_143" id="Footnote_143_143"></a><a href="#FNanchor_143_143"><span class="label">[143]</span></a> Te iturum esse <em>added by Baiter</em>.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[Pg 309]</a></span></p> - -<p>many kindnesses none has given me greater pleasure -than your very gracious and constant care of Tullia. -She herself has been charmed and I not less. She -has shown admirable qualities, has borne the national -calamity and private worries with great fortitude -and displayed it over my departure. She loves me -and sympathizes with me and yet wishes me to act -rightly and keep my good repute. But enough of -this, lest I begin to pity myself.</p> - -<p>If you get more certain tidings about Spain or any -other matter, pray write and tell me while I am -here, and perhaps at the time of going I may send -you news, the more so because Tullia fancies that -you are not leaving Italy at the present moment. I -must explain to Antony as I did to Curio that I -want to stay in Malta and refuse to take part in this -civil war. I only hope that I may find him as easy -and good to me as I found Curio. He will come it -is said to Misenum on the second, that is to-day; -but he has sent in advance a nasty letter of which I -subjoin a copy:</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIIIa<br /> - -"ANTONIUS TRIBUNE PROPRAETOR GREETING TO CICERO -IMPERATOR.</h3> - - -<p>"Had I not a great affection for you, and much more -than you think, I should not have been alarmed at a -report which has been spread about you, especially as -I thought it to be false. But, just because I like you -so very much, I cannot hide from myself that the -report, although it may be false, causes me great concern. -That you are about to go over seas I cannot -believe, when you have such dear regard for Dolabella</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[Pg 310]</a></span></p> - -<p>lectissimam, tantique ab omnibus nobis fias; quibus -mehercule dignitas amplitudoque tua paene carior est -quam tibi ipsi. Sed tamen non sum arbitratus esse -amici non commoveri etiam improborum sermone, -atque eo feci studiosius, quod iudicabam duriores -partes mihi impositas esse ob offensione nostra, quac -magis a ζηλοτυπίᾳ mea quam ab iniuria tua nata est. -Sic enim volo te tibi persuadere, mihi neminem esse -cariorem te excepto Caesare meo meque illud una -indicare, Caesarem maxime in suis M. Ciceronem -reponere. Quare, mi Cicero, te rogo, ut tibi omina -integra serves, eius fidem improbes, qui tibi, ut -beneficium daret, prius iniuriam fecit, contra ne -profugias, qui te, esti non amabit, quod accidere non -potest, tamen salvum amplissimumque esse cupiet.</p> - -<p>Dedita opera ad te Calpurnium, familiarissimum -meum, misi, ut mihi magnae curae tuam vitam ac -dignitatem esse scires."</p> - -<p>Eodem die a Caesare Philotimus litteras attulit -hoc exemplo:</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIIIb<br /> - -"CAESAR IMP. SAL. D. CICERONI IMP.</h3> - - -<p>Etsi te nihil temere, nihil imprudenter facturum -iudicaram, tamen permotus hominum fama scribendum -ad te existimavi, et pro nostra benevolentia petendum, -ne quo progredereris proclinata iam re, quo integra</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[Pg 311]</a></span></p> - -<p>and your daughter Tullia, that queen among women, -and you are rated so highly by all of us, who, I dare -swear, care almost more than you do for your dignity -and position. However, I considered that it was no part -of a friend to be unmoved even when scoundrels talked, -and I have been more particular, because I thought -that a harder task was laid upon me by our disagreement, -which sprang more from jealousy on my part -than from wrong on yours; for I want you to convince -yourself that no one is dearer to me than you, except -Caesar, and at the same time I am positive that -Caesar reckons M. Cicero highly among his friends. -So my dear Cicero I beg you not to commit yourself -and not to rely on the honour of a man, who for the -sake of conferring a kindness first did you a harm, -and on the other hand not to flee from a man, who -although he will not love you, which is out of the -question, will always wish you to be safe and in high -distinction.</p> - -<p>"I have taken the trouble to send you Calpurnius, -an intimate friend of mine, that you may know I am -greatly concerned for your life and position."</p> - -<p>On the same day Philotimus brought me a letter -from Caesar of which this is a copy:</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIIIb<br /> - -"CAESAR IMPERATOR TO CICERO IMPERATOR, GREETING.</h3> - - -<p>"Although I had concluded that you would do -nothing rashly or imprudently, nevertheless I have -been so stirred by what people say that I thought it -best to write to you and ask you in the name of our -goodwill to each other not to go anywhere, now that -fortune inclines my way, where you did not think it</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312">[Pg 312]</a></span></p> - -<p>etiam progrediendum tibi non existimasses. Namque -et amicitiae graviorem iniuriam feceris et tibi minus -commode consulueris, si non fortunae obsecutus -videbere (omnia enim secundissima nobis, adversissima -illis accidisse videntur), nec causam secutus (eadem -enim tum fuit, cum ab eorum consiliis abesse iudicasti), -sed meum aliquod factum condemnavisse; quo mihi -gravius abs te nil accidere potest. Quod ne facias, -pro iure nostrae amicitiae a te peto. Postremo quid -viro bono et quieto et bono civi magis convenit quam -abesse a civilibus controversiis? Quod non nulli cum -probarent, periculi causa sequi non potuerunt; tu -explorato et vitae meae testimonio et amicitiae iudicio -neque tutius neque honestius reperies quicquam quam -ab omni contentione abesse.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">XV</span> Kal. Maias ex itinere."</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IX<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Cumano -V Non. -Mai. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Adventus Philotimi (at cuius hominis, quam insulsi -et quam saepe pro Pompeio mentientis!) exanimavit -omnes, qui mecum erant; nam ipse obdurui. Dubitabat -nostrum nemo, quin Caesar itinera repressisset—volare -dicitur; Petreius cum Afranio coniunxisset se—nihil -adfert eius modi. Quid quaeris? etiam illud erat -persuasum, Pompeium cum magnis copiis iter in</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[Pg 313]</a></span></p> - -<p>necessary to go before anything was certain. For -you will have done a serious injury to our friendship -and consulted your own interest very little, if you -show that you are not following fortune (for everything -that has happened seems most favourable to -me and most unfavourable to Pompey), nor yet following -the right cause (for the cause was the same then, -when you thought fit to hold aloof from it), but that -you have condemned some act of mine, the greatest -harm you could do me. Do not take such a step, I -pray you by the right of our friendship. Finally -what better befits a good and peaceful man and a -loyal citizen than to keep out of civil disturbance. -There are some who approved such a course, but could -not follow it because of the danger. But you may -examine the evidence of my life and the opinion given -by my friendship<a name="FNanchor_144_144" id="FNanchor_144_144"></a><a href="#Footnote_144_144" class="fnanchor">[144]</a>; you will find no safer or more -honourable course than to keep quite clear of the -quarrel.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_144_144" id="Footnote_144_144"></a><a href="#FNanchor_144_144"><span class="label">[144]</span></a> i.e. my decision to let you be neutral. It may, however, -mean "Your conviction of my friendship."</p></div> - -<p>"April 16 on the march."</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IX<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cumae, -May 3</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>The arrival of Philotimus (what a fellow he is! how -stupid! how often he lies on Pompey's behalf!) has -frightened the rest of us to death. For myself I am -hardened. None of us doubted that Caesar had -checked Pompey's progress: Philotimus says he is -simply flying. Nobody doubted that Petreius had -joined Afranius: he brings no such news. In fact -we have all been sure that Pompey had actually made</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[Pg 314]</a></span></p> - -<p>Germaniam per Illyricum fecisse; id enim αὐθεντικῶς -nuntiabatur, Melitam igitur, opinor, capessamus, -dum, quid in Hispania. Quod quidem prope modum -videor ex Caesaris litteris ipsius voluntate facere posse, -qui negat neque honestius neque tutius mihi quicquam -esse quam ab omni contentione abesse. Dices: "Ubi -ille ergo tuus animus, quem proximis litteris?" Adest -et idem est; sed utinam meo solum capite decernerem! -Lacrimae meorum me interdum molliunt precantium -ut de Hispaniis exspectemus. M. Caeli quidem -epistulam scriptam miserabiliter, cum hoc idem -obsecraret, ut exspectarem, ne fortunas meas, ne -unicum filium, ne meos omnes tam temere proderem -non sine magno fletu legerunt pueri nostri. Etsi -meus quidem est fortior, eoque ipso vehementius -commovet, nec quicquam nisi de dignatione laborat.</p> - -<p>Melitam igitur, deinde, quo videbitur. Tu tamen -etiam nunc mihi aliquid litterarum, et maxime, si quid -ab Afranio. Ego, si cum Antonio locutus ero, scribam -ad te, quid actum sit. Ero tamen in credendo, ut -mones, cautus; nam occultandi ratio cum difficilis tum -etiam periculosa est. Servium exspecto ad Nonas, et -adigit ita Postumia et Servius filius. Quartanam -leviorem esse gaudeo. Misi ad te Caeli etiam -litterarum exemplum.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IXa = ad fam. VIII 16.<br /> - -CAELIUS CICERONI SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Intimili -XV K. -Mai. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Exanimatus tuis litteris, quibus te nihil nisi triste -cogitare ostendisti, neque, id quid esset, perscripsisti,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_315" id="Page_315">[Pg 315]</a></span></p> - -<p>his way with large forces into Germany through -Illyricum, for that was the news <em>sans doute</em>. So I -think I must make for Malta, until there is news from -Spain. This from Caesar's letter I almost think I -may do without annoying him, for he says there is -no more honourable or safe course open to me than -to keep quite clear of the fight. You will say -"Where then is your courage which you showed in -recent letters?" It is there and the same; but would -that I had only to decide for myself. The tears of -my family at times weaken me, when they beg me to -wait for news about Spain. The miserable tone of -M. Caelius' letter making this same request that I -should wait, not to risk so rashly my fortunes, my -only son and all my family, moved our boys to weeping; -although my own son is made of stronger stuff, -and for that very reason he affects me more deeply, -thinking only of my reputation.</p> - -<p>So I shall go to Malta, thence where it seems good. -Still even now send me a line, especially if there is -any news from Afranius. If I have an interview -with Antony, I will inform you of the result. However, -as you advise, I will take care how I trust him, -for the policy of concealment is hard and dangerous -too. Servius Sulpicius I await till the 7th. Both -his wife Postumia and his son urge me to this. I rejoice -that your ague is better. I send you also a -copy of Caelius' letter.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IXa<br /> - -CAELIUS TO CICERO, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Intimile, -Apr. 16</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>In my dismay at your letter, in which you show -that your thoughts are set on some unhappy act</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[Pg 316]</a></span></p> - -<p>neque non tamen, quale esset, quod cogitates, aperuisti, -has ad te ilico litteras scripsi. Per fortunas -tuas, Cicero, per liberos te oro et obsecro, ne quid -gravius de salute et incolumitate tua consulas. Nam -deos hominesque amicitiamque nostram testificor me -tibi praedixisse neque temere monuisse, sed, postquam -Caesarem convenerim sententiamque eius, qualis futura -esset parta victoria, cognorim, te certiorem -fecisse. Si existimas eandem rationem fore Caesaris -in dimittendis adversariis et condicionibus ferendis, -erras; nihil nisi atrox et saevum cogitat atque etiam -loquitur; iratus senatui exiit, his intercessionibus -plane incitatus est; non mehercules erit deprecationi -locus. Quare, si tibi tu, si filius unicus, si domus, si -spes tuae reliquae tibi carae sunt, si aliquid apud te -nos, si vir optimus, gener tuus, valemus, quorum -fortunam non debes velle conturbare, noli committere,<a name="FNanchor_145_145" id="FNanchor_145_145"></a><a href="#Footnote_145_145" class="fnanchor">[145]</a> -ut eam causam, in cuius victoria salus nostra est, -odisse aut relinquere cogamur, aut impiam cupiditatem -contra salutem tuam habeamus. Denique -illud cogita, quod offensae fuerit in ista cunctatione, -te subisse. Nunc te contra victorem Caesarem facere, -quem dubiis rebus laedere noluisti, et ad eos fugatos -accedere, quos resistentes sequi nolueris, summae -stultitiae est. Vide, ne, dum pudet te parum optimatem -esse, parum diligenter, quid optimum sit, -eligas. Quod si totum tibi persuadere non possum, -saltem, dum, quid de Hispaniis agamus, scitur,</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_145_145" id="Footnote_145_145"></a><a href="#FNanchor_145_145"><span class="label">[145]</span></a> noli committere <em>added by Lehmann</em>.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[Pg 317]</a></span></p> - -<p>without saying exactly what it is, though you disclose -sufficiently what kind of an act it is, I write this on -the spot. In the name of your fortunes and your -children, I beg and beseech you, Cicero, not to take -any step that may endanger your life and safety. -For I call gods and men and our friendship to witness -that I told you before, and that it was no casual -warning that I gave you, but certain information, -after I had met Caesar and found out what his view -would be, if he won the victory. If you imagine -that he will maintain his present policy of letting his -adversaries go and making peace, you are mistaken; -he is meditating and even proclaiming nothing but -cruelty and severity. He left Rome in anger with -the Senate: these recent vetoes have clearly provoked -him: you may take my word for it there will be no -chance of begging off. Then, if you have any care -for yourself, your only son, your house and what -hopes you have left, if I and your excellent son-in-law -have any influence with you—and you ought not -to wish to spoil our fortunes—then do not compel us -to hate or relinquish a cause, in whose victory our -safety lies, or to harbour unnatural wishes for your -destruction. Finally consider this: any offence there -may have been in your hesitation, you have already -given. Now it is the height of folly to side against -Caesar in his hour of victory, when you refused to -attack him while his fortunes were doubtful; and to -join in the flight of those, whom you would not -follow when they stood their ground. Beware lest -for fear of showing too little zeal for the "better -party," you use too little care in choosing the better -course. But, if I cannot persuade you entirely, at -least wait till it is known how we get on in Spain,</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[Pg 318]</a></span></p> - -<p>exspecta; quas tibi nuntio adventu Caesaris fore -nostras. Quam isti spem habeant amissis Hispaniis, -nescio; quod porro tuum consilium sit ad desperatos -accedere, non medius fidius reperio.</p> - -<p>Hoc, quod tu non dicendo mihi significasti, Caesar -audierat, ac, simul atque "have" mihi dixit, statim, -quid de te audisset, exposuit. Negavi me scire, sed -tamen ab eo petivi, ut ad te litteras mitteret, quibus -maxime ad remanendum commoveri posses. Me -secum in Hispaniam ducit. Nam, nisi ita faceret, -ego, priusquam ad urbem accederem, ubicumque -esses, ad te percucurrissem, et hoc a te praesens -contendissem atque omni vi te retinuissem. Etiam -atque etiam, Cicero, cogita, ne te tuosque omnis -funditus evertas, ne te sciens prudensque eo demittas, -unde exitum vides nullum esse. Quodsi te aut voces -optimatium commovent, aut non nullorum hominum -insolentiam et iactationem ferre non potes, eligas -censeo aliquod oppidum vacuum a bello, dum haec -decernuntur; quae iam erunt confecta. Id si feceris, -et ego te sapienter fecisse iudicabo, et Caesarem non -offendes.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>X<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Cumano -V Non. -Mai. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Me caecum, qui haec ante non viderim! Misi ad -te epistulam Antoni. Ei cum ego saepissime scripsissem -nihil me contra Caesaris rationes cogitare, meminisse -me generi mei, meminisse amicitiae, potuisse,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[Pg 319]</a></span></p> - -<p>which I assure you will be ours as soon as Caesar -arrives. What your friends' hopes are, when they -have lost Spain, is more than I know; and what -your idea is in joining them, when they have no -hopes, is more than I can imagine.</p> - -<p>What you hinted at without speaking plainly, -Caesar had heard, and as soon as ever he had said -"good day," he told me what he had heard about -you. I said I knew nothing about it: but I asked -him to send you a letter as the best means of inducing -you to stay. He is taking me with him to -Spain. If he were not, I should have hurried to you, -before going to Rome, wherever you might have -been, and should have pressed this view on you -personally and done all in my power to restrain you. -Once more and yet once more, Cicero, think before -you utterly destroy yourself and all your family: do -not wittingly and with your eyes open put yourself -in a position from which you see there is no escape. -But, if you are moved by the call of the conservative -party, or if you cannot endure the insolence and -arrogant behaviour of certain persons, I think you -should choose some town remote from the war, until -the matter is settled: and settled it will be at once. -If you do that, I shall consider you have acted -wisely, and Caesar will not be offended.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>X<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cumae, -May 3</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>How blind I am not to have foreseen it! I send -you Antony's letter. I have often written to him -that I planned nothing against Caesar's policy, that -I was mindful of my son-in-law, of our friendship,</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[Pg 320]</a></span></p> - -<p>si aliter sentirem, esse cum Pompeio; me autem, quia -cum lictoribus invitus cursarem, abesse velle, nec id -ipsum certum etiam nunc habere, vide, quam ad haec -παραινετικῶς:</p> - -<p>"Tuum consilium quam verum est. Nam, qui se -medium esse vult, in patria manet, qui proficiscitur, -aliquid de altera utra parte iudicare videtur. Sed -ego is non sum, qui statuere debeam, iure quis proficiscatur -necne; partes mihi Caesar has imposuit, ne -quem omnino discedere ex Italia paterer. Quare -parvi refert me probare cogitationem tuam, si nihil -tamen tibi remittere possum. Ad Caesarem mittas -censeo et ab eo hoc petas. Non dubito, quin impetraturus -sis, cum praesertim te amicitiae nostrae -rationem habiturum esse pollicearis."</p> - -<p>Habes σκυτάλην Λακωνικήν. Omnino excipiam hominem. -Erat autem v Nonas venturus vesperi, id est -hodie. Cras igitur ad me fortasse veniet. Temptabo, -audiam: nihil properare; missurum ad Caesarem. -Clam agam, cum paucissimis alicubi occultabor, certe -hinc istis invitissimis evolabo, atque utinam ad Curionem! -Σύνες ὅ τοι λέγω. Magnus dolor accessit. -Efficietur aliquid dignum nobis.</p> - -<p>Δυσουρία tua mihi valde molesta. Medere, amabo,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[Pg 321]</a></span></p> - -<p>that, if I had thought otherwise, I could have been -with Pompey, that I wished to leave Italy because I -was loth to wander about with my lictors, though I -had not made up my mind definitely even to that. -See in what an <em>ex cathedra</em> tone he answers me:—"Your -policy is quite right. For a man who wishes -to be neutral remains in his country; the man who -leaves his country seems to express his conviction on -one side or the other; but it is not for me to determine, -whether anyone has the right to leave or not. -The part Caesar has given me is not to let anyone -at all leave Italy; so it is of little use for me to -approve your plan, if all the same I cannot make an -exception for you. I think you should send to Caesar -and ask him this favour. I have no doubt that you -will succeed, especially as you promise not to forget -our friendship."</p> - -<p>That is a laconic epistle.<a name="FNanchor_146_146" id="FNanchor_146_146"></a><a href="#Footnote_146_146" class="fnanchor">[146]</a> I will certainly take -my cue from the man. He is to come on the evening -of the 3rd, that is to-day. To-morrow therefore he -will perhaps come to me. I will sound him: I will -hear him: say I am in no hurry: that I will send to -Caesar. I will act secretly, with a very few attendants -I will lie hidden somewhere; but assuredly, -however unwilling these people are, I will fly off; -and would that it may be to Curio! "Mark what I -say."<a name="FNanchor_147_147" id="FNanchor_147_147"></a><a href="#Footnote_147_147" class="fnanchor">[147]</a> Another great grief has come upon me. I -will do something worthy of my reputation.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_146_146" id="Footnote_146_146"></a><a href="#FNanchor_146_146"><span class="label">[146]</span></a> Lit. "Laconian staff." Spartan dispatches were wound -round a staff in such a way that they could not be read -when taken off it. Here, however, Cicero only refers to -their brevity.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_147_147" id="Footnote_147_147"></a><a href="#FNanchor_147_147"><span class="label">[147]</span></a> Probably a quotation from Pindar, <em>Frag.</em> 105.</p></div> - -<p>Your malady gives me grave anxiety. I pray you</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[Pg 322]</a></span></p> - -<p>dum est ἀρχή. De Massiliensibus gratae tuae mihi -litterae. Quaeso, ut sciam, quicquid audieris. Ocellam -cuperem, si possem palam, quod a Curione effeceram, -Hic ego Servium exspecto; rogor enim ab eius uxore -et filio, et puto opus esse. Hic tamen Cytherida -secum lectica aperta portat, alteram uxorem. Septem -praeterea coniunctae lecticae amicarum sunt an amicorum. -Vide, quam turpi leto pereamus, et dubita, -si potes, quin ille, seu victus seu victor redierit, caedem -facturus sit. Ego vero vel luntriculo, si navis -non erit, eripiam me ex istorum parricidio. Sed plura -scribam, cum illum convenero.</p> - -<p>Iuvenem nostrum non possum non amare, sed ab -eo nos non amari plane intellego. Nihil ego vidi tam -ἀνηθοποίητον, tam aversum a suis, tam nescio quid -cogitans. O vim incredibilem molestiarum! Sed -erit curae, et est, ut regatur. Mirum est enim ingenium, -ἤθους ἐπιμελητέον.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Cumano IV -Non. Mai. -a 705</em></div> - -<p>Obsignata iam epistula superiore, non placuit ei -dari, cui constitueram, quod erat alienus. Itaque eo -die data non est. Interim venit Philotimus et mihi</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[Pg 323]</a></span></p> - -<p>get medical advice in its initial stage. Your letter -about the Massilians<a name="FNanchor_148_148" id="FNanchor_148_148"></a><a href="#Footnote_148_148" class="fnanchor">[148]</a> pleased me. Let me know -whatever you hear. I should have liked to have -Ocella, if it could be done openly, and I had got -Curio to allow it. Here I am awaiting Servius -Sulpicius, for it is at the request of his wife and son, -and I think it is necessary. Antony carries about -Cytheris<a name="FNanchor_149_149" id="FNanchor_149_149"></a><a href="#Footnote_149_149" class="fnanchor">[149]</a> with him in an open litter as his second -wife, and besides he had seven other litters of friends -male or female. See what a disgraceful death we -die, and doubt, if you can, that, whether Caesar -returns victor or vanquished, he will perpetrate a -massacre. Even in an open boat, if I cannot get -a vessel, I will tear myself away from these parricides -and their doings. But I will write more when I have -met him.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_148_148" id="Footnote_148_148"></a><a href="#FNanchor_148_148"><span class="label">[148]</span></a> They had shut their gates to Caesar and were being -besieged.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_149_149" id="Footnote_149_149"></a><a href="#FNanchor_149_149"><span class="label">[149]</span></a> An actress.</p></div> - -<p>My nephew I cannot but love, though I see clearly -that he has no affection for me. I never saw anyone -so unprincipled, so averse to his own relations, with -such mysterious plans. What a weight of anxiety! -But it will be my business, as it is now, to discipline -him: he has wonderful ability, but his character -requires training.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cumae, -May 4</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>After sealing my former letter, I did not feel inclined -to hand it to the person that I had intended, -as he was a stranger; so it was not despatched on -that day. Meantime Philotimus came and gave me</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[Pg 324]</a></span></p> - -<p>a te litteras reddidit. Quibus quae de fratre meo -scribis, sunt ea quidem parum firma, se habent nihil -ὕπουλον, nihil fallax, nihil non flexibile ad bonitatem, -nihil, quod non, quo velis, uno sermone possis perducere; -ne multa, omnes suos, etiam quibus irascitur -crebrius, tamen caros habet, me quidem se ipso cariorem. -Quod de puero aliter ad te scripsit et ad matrem -de filo, non reprehendo. De itinere<a name="FNanchor_150_150" id="FNanchor_150_150"></a><a href="#Footnote_150_150" class="fnanchor">[150]</a> et de -sorore quae scribis, molesta sunt, eoque magis, quod -ea tempora nostra sunt, ut ego iis mederi non possim. -Nam certe mederer; sed, quibus in malis et -qua in desperatione rerum simus, vides.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_150_150" id="Footnote_150_150"></a><a href="#FNanchor_150_150"><span class="label">[150]</span></a> itinere <em>most editors</em>: itine <em>MZ</em>: Quinto <em>Tyrrell</em>.</p></div> - -<p>Illa de ratione nummaria non sunt eius modi (saepe -enim audio ex ipso), ut non cupiat tibi praestare et -in eo laboret. Sed, si mihi Q. Axius in hac mea fuga -HS <span class="bt">XIII</span> non reddit, quae dedi eius filio mutua, et -utitur excusatione temporis, si Lepta, si ceteri, soleo -mirari, de nescio quis HS <span class="bt">XX</span> cum audio ex illo se -urgeri. Vides enim profecto angustias. Curari tamen -ea tibi utique iubet. An existimas illum in isto genere -lentulum aut restrictum? Nemo est minus. De -fratre satis.</p> - -<p>De eius iuvene filio, indulsit illi quidem suus pater -semper, sed non facit indulgentia mendacem aut avarum -aut non amantem suorum, ferocem fortasse atque -arrogantem et infestum facit. Itaque habet haec quoque, -quae nascuntur ex indulgentia, sed ea sunt tolerabilia -(quid enim dicam?) hac inventute; ea vero,</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[Pg 325]</a></span></p> - -<p>a letter from you. The conduct of my brother about -which you write shows little firmness, but no chicanery, -no treachery, nothing inflexibly opposed to -goodness, nothing that cannot be turned where you -will by a single conversation. In short all his relations, -even those with whom he is so often angry, -are nevertheless dear to him, and I to be sure am -dearer than life. I do not blame him for writing -in one strain about his boy to you and in another to -the boy's mother. I am distressed by what you say -about the journey and your sister, and the more so -because the times are such that I cannot remedy the -matter. For certainly I would have done so: but -you see in what trouble I am, what desperation.</p> - -<div class="sidenote-english">13,000 sesterces</div> - -<div class="sidenote-english">20,000 sesterces</div> - -<p>As for his financial affairs, I often hear from him, -and they are not in such a state as to prevent him -from being anxious to pay you and from making -efforts to that end: but if Q. Axius does not pay me -in this my flight the £100 I lent his son, and pleads -in excuse the state of the times, and if Lepta and -others do the same, I confess I am always surprised -to hear from Quintus that he is pressed for some -£175. For of course you see his straits. However -he has ordered the sum to be paid to your account. -Perhaps you suppose that he is slow or close-fisted in -money matters. No one is less so: but enough about -my brother.</p> - -<p>As for his son, the father has certainly always indulged -him; but indulgence does not make him a -liar or a miser or disloyal to his friends, though it -does perhaps make him surly, haughty and aggressive. -Accordingly he has these defects which are due to -spoiling; but they are not intolerable, shall I say, as -young men go nowadays. But the defects which, to</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[Pg 326]</a></span></p> - -<p>quae mihi quidem, qui illum amo, sunt his ipsis malis, -in quis sumus, miseriora, non sunt ab obsequio -nostro. Nam suas radices habent; quas tamen evellerem -profecto, si liceret. Sed ea tempora sunt, ut -omnia mihi sint patienda. Ego meum facile teneo; -nihil est enim eo tractabilius. Cuius quidem misericordia -languidiora adhuc consilia cepi, et, quo ille me -certiorem vult esse, eo magis timeo, ne in eum exsistam -crudelior.</p> - -<p>Sed Antonius venit heri vesperi. Iam fortasse ad -me veniet, aut ne id quidem, quoniam scripsit, quid -fieri vellet. Sed scies continuo, quid actum sit. Nos -iam nihil nisi occulte.</p> - -<p>De pueris quid agam? parvone navigio committam? -Quid mihi animi in navigando censes fore? -Recordor enim, aestate cum illis illo Rhodiorum -ἀφράκτῳ navigans quam fuerim sollicitus; quid duro -tempore anni actuariola fore censes? O rem undique -miseram!</p> - -<p>Trebatius erat mecum, vir plane et civis bonus. -Quae ille monstra, di immortales! Etiamne Balbus -in senatum venire cogitet? Sed ei ipsi cras ad te litteras -dabo. Vettienum mihi amicum, ut scribis, ita -puto esse. Cum eo, quod ἀποτόμως ad me scripserat -de nummis curandis, θυμικώτερον eram iocatus. Id -tu, si ille aliter acceperit ac debuit, lenies. "<span class="smcap">Monetali</span>" -autem adscripsi, quod ille ad me "<span class="smcap">PRO COS</span>." -Sed, quoniam est homo et nos diligit, ipse quoque -a nobis diligatur. Vale.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[Pg 327]</a></span></p> - -<p>me at any rate who love him, are more distressing -than even the evils on which we have fallen, do not -proceed from any indulgence of mine; for they are -deep rooted: but I would have rooted them up, had I -been allowed. But the times are such that I must bear -everything. My own son I control easily. He is -quite tractable. My own policy has lacked vigour -owing to my pity for him; and the more he wants -me to be unflinching, the more I fear I may prove -cruel to him.</p> - -<p>Well Antony came yesterday evening; soon perhaps -he will visit me, perhaps not even that, as he -has written what he wanted done; but you shall -know forthwith what has happened. All I do now -is done secretly.</p> - -<p>What shall I do about the boys? Shall I entrust -them to a small boat? What courage do you suppose -I shall have on the voyage? For I remember sailing -in the summer in an open Rhodian boat with them -and how anxious I was; and how do you suppose it -will be in the bad season in a tiny pinnace? Misery -everywhere!</p> - -<p>Trebatius is with me, a real man and a loyal -citizen. Ye gods, what awful news he brings! So -even Balbus is thinking of attending the Senate! -But I will give Trebatius himself a letter for you to-morrow. -I agree with your letter that Vettienus is -friendly to me. But I made a rather bitter jest at -his expense, because he wrote curtly to me about -paying my debt. Appease him, if he took it in bad -part. I addressed him by his title "commissioner of -the mint" because he addressed me as "proconsul." -But since he is a good man and has affection for me, -let me keep my affection for him. Farewell.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[Pg 328]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Cumano III -Non. Mai. -a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Quidnam mihi futurum est, aut quis me non solum -infelicior, sed iam etiam turpior? Nominatim de me -sibi imperatum dicit Antonius, nec me tamen ipse -adhuc viderat, sed hoc Trebatio narravit. Quid agam -nunc, cui nihil procedit, caduntque ea, quae diligentissime -sunt cogitata, taeterrime? Ego enim Curionem -nactus omnia me consecutum putavi. Is de me -ad Hortensium scripserat. Reginus erat totus noster. -Huic nihil suspicabamur cum hoc mari negotii fore. -Quo me nunc vertam? Undique custodior. Sed satis -lacrimis. Παρακλεπτέον igitur et occulte in aliquam -onerariam corrependum, non committendum, ut etiam -compacto prohibiti videamur. Sicilia petenda. Quam -si erimus nacti, maiora quaedam consequemur. Sit -modo recte in Hispaniis! Quamquam de ipsa Sicilia -utinam sit verum! Sed adhuc nihil secundi. Concursus -Siculorum ad Catonem dicitur factus, orasse, -ut resisteret, omnia pollicitos; commotum illum dilectum -habere coepisse. Non credo, ut est luculentus -auctor. Potuisse certe teneri illam provinciam scio. -Ab Hispaniis autem iam audietur.</p> - -<p>Hic nos C. Marcellum habemus, eadem vere cogitantem -aut bene simulantem; quamquam ipsum non -videram, sed ex familiarissimo eius audiebam. Tu, -quaeso, si quid habebis novi; ego, si quid moliti erimus, -ad te statim scribam. Quintum filium severius</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[Pg 329]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cumae, May -5</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>What is to happen to me? Who is there more -ill-starred, or even more humiliated? Antony says -he has received orders about me definitely. Yet I -have not seen him myself so far; but he told Trebatius. -What can I do now? Nothing succeeds and all my -best laid plans fail abominably. For, when I had -won over Curio, I imagined I had attained my end. -He had written about me to Hortensius. Reginus -was wholly my friend. I never suspected that Antony -had anything to do with this part of the sea. Whither -can I turn now? Everywhere I am watched. But -enough of lamentation. I must steal away and creep -privily into some cargo boat; I must not allow it to -appear that I connive at being hindered. I must go -to Sicily. If I once get there, I shall have greater -ends in view. If only all goes well in Spain! However, -I do hope the news about Sicily may prove -true! Hitherto I have had no luck. It is said the -Sicilians have gathered round Cato, prayed him to -resist and promised every support: and that he has -been induced to begin making a levy. I don't believe -it, good as the authority is. I know for a fact that -that province could have been held. But we shall -soon hear from Spain.</p> - -<p>Here I have C. Marcellus, who holds the same -views as myself or makes a good pretence of doing -so. I have not indeed met him myself; but I hear -it from one of his most intimate friends. Write to me, -if you have any news. If I attempt anything, I shall -inform you at once. Young Quintus I shall handle</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[Pg 330]</a></span></p> - -<p>adhibebo. Utinam proficere possim! Tu tamen eas -epistulas, quibus asperius de eo scripsi, aliquando concerpito, -ne quando quid emanet; ego item tuas. Servium -exspecto, nec ab eo quicquam ὑγιές. Scies, quicquid -erit.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIIa<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Cumano -prid. Non. -Mai. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Sine dubio errasse nos confitendum est. "At semel, -at una in re." Immo omnia quo diligentius -cogitata eo facta sunt imprudentius.</p> - -<p>Ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν προτετύχθαι ἐάσομεν ἀχνύμενοί περ, -in reliquis modo ne ruamus. Iubes de profectione -me providere. Quid provideam? Ita patent omnia, -quae accidere possunt, ut, ea si vitem, sedendum sit -cum dedecore et dolore, si neglegam, periculum sit, -ne in manus incidam perditorum. Sed vide, quantis -in miseriis simus. Optandum interdum videtur, ut -aliquam accipiamus ab istis quamvis acerbam iniuriam, -ut tyranno in odio fuisse videamur. Quodsi -nobis is cursus, quem speraram, pateret, effecissem -aliquid profecto, ut tu optas et hortaris, dignum -nostra mora. Sed mirificae sunt custodiae, et quidem -ille ipse Curio suspectus. Quare vi aut clam -agendum est et, si vi, fortiter cum tempestate.<a name="FNanchor_151_151" id="FNanchor_151_151"></a><a href="#Footnote_151_151" class="fnanchor">[151]</a> -Clam autem istis? In quo si quod σφάλμα, vides, -quam turpe sit. Trahimur, nec fugiendum, si quid -violentius.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_151_151" id="Footnote_151_151"></a><a href="#FNanchor_151_151"><span class="label">[151]</span></a> et si vi forte ne cum pestate <em>M</em>: et si vi forte et cum -tempestate <em>Ant.</em>, <em>F.</em> <em>I have adopted Orelli's reading; but -it is very uncertain.</em></p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[Pg 331]</a></span></p> - -<p>with severity. I hope my efforts may succeed. But -please some time tear up the letters in which I -criticize him severely, for fear anything ever come -to light. I will tear up yours. Servius Sulpicius I -am still awaiting, nor do I hear anything satisfactory -from him. You shall know whatever happens.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIIa<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cumae, May -6</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>Undoubtedly I must admit I have been mistaken. -But is it once only or on one topic? No, in everything. -The more carefully I have thought, the less -wisely have I done. "Let bygones be bygones."<a name="FNanchor_152_152" id="FNanchor_152_152"></a><a href="#Footnote_152_152" class="fnanchor">[152]</a> -In the future only let us not invite disaster. You -bid me provide for my journey. What can I provide? -All the possible accidents are so obvious, that, if I -would shun them, I must sit still in shame and grief: -and, if I disregard them, it is odds that I fall into the -hands of villains. But see how miserable I am. -Sometimes it seems preferable that I should receive -some damage however bitter from Caesar's party, -that people may see I am hated by the tyrant. But, -if the voyage for which I hoped were open to me, -certainly, as you wish and advise, I should have done -something to justify delay. But I am watched with -extraordinary care and even Curio is suspect. So I -must make a bold move or use craft. If a bold move, -I need good weather: but, if craft, should there be -any <em>faux pas</em>, you see how disgraced I should be. -I am carried away by circumstances and must not be -afraid of a bold course.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_152_152" id="Footnote_152_152"></a><a href="#FNanchor_152_152"><span class="label">[152]</span></a> Iliad xvii, 112, "But what is past though grieved we will -let be."</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[Pg 332]</a></span></p> - - -<p>De Caelio saepe mecum agito nec, si quid habuero -tale, dimittam. Hispanias spero firmas esse. Massiliensium -factum cum ipsum per se luculentum est, -tum mihi argumento est recte esse in Hispaniis. -Minus enim auderent, si aliter esset, et scirent; nam -et vicini et diligentes sunt. Odium autem recte -animadvertis significatum in theatro. Legiones etiam -has, quas in Italia assumpsit, alienissimas esse video. -Sed tamen nihil inimicius quam sibi ipse. Illud recte -times, ne ruat. Si desperarit, certe ruet. Quo magis -efficiendum aliquid est, fortuna velim meliore, animo -Caeliano. Sed primum quidque. Quod qualecumque -erit, continuo scies. Nos iuveni, ut rogas, suppeditabimus -et Peloponnesum ipsam sustinebimus. Est -enim indoles, modo aliquod hoc sit ἦθος ΑΚΙΜΟΑΟΝ.<a name="FNanchor_153_153" id="FNanchor_153_153"></a><a href="#Footnote_153_153" class="fnanchor">[153]</a> -Quod si adhuc nullum est, esse tamen potest, aut -ἀρετὴ non est διδακτόν, quod mihi persuaderi non -potest.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_153_153" id="Footnote_153_153"></a><a href="#FNanchor_153_153"><span class="label">[153]</span></a> <em>The text here is corrupt and no convincing emendation -has been suggested.</em></p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Cumano -Non. -Mai. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Epistula tua gratissima fuit meae Tulliae et me hercule -mihi. Semper speculam aliquam adferunt tuae -litterae. Scribes igitur, ac, si quid ad spem poteris, -ne dimiseris. Tu Antoni leones pertimescas cave. Nihil -est illo homine iucundius. Attende πρᾶξιν πολιτικοῦ.</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[Pg 333]</a></span></p> - - -<p>I often reflect about Caelius; and if I have such -an opportunity, I will not let it go. I hope Spain -is safe. The action of the Massilians is praiseworthy -in itself, and is a proof to me that things are -going well in Spain. They would have been less -bold, if it were otherwise, and they should know, for -they live near and are watchful. You are right to -remark the expression of popular feeling in the -theatre. Even the legions which Caesar got in Italy -seem to me to be very disloyal to him. However he -is his own worst enemy. You are right to fear that -he may run amuck. Assuredly he will, if he loses -hope. That is all the more inducement for me to do -something in the spirit of Caelius, and I hope with -better luck. But everything in due course; and, -whatever it be, I will inform you forthwith. I will do -all for young Quintus that is necessary, and will -undertake the task not only of Arcadia but of the -whole Peloponnese.<a name="FNanchor_154_154" id="FNanchor_154_154"></a><a href="#Footnote_154_154" class="fnanchor">[154]</a> He is able, if only he had -character. However, if he has none so far, he may -get it, or virtue is not teachable, and that I can -never believe.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_154_154" id="Footnote_154_154"></a><a href="#FNanchor_154_154"><span class="label">[154]</span></a> Cf. x, 5.</p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cumae, -May 7</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> -<em>49</em></div> - -<p>Your letter was very pleasing to my daughter and -of course to me, for your correspondence always brings -a gleam of hope. So please write, and, if you can be -hopeful, don't fail to be so. Don't be too much afraid -of Antony's lions.<a name="FNanchor_155_155" id="FNanchor_155_155"></a><a href="#Footnote_155_155" class="fnanchor">[155]</a> He is a jovial fellow. Just hear</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_155_155" id="Footnote_155_155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_155_155"><span class="label">[155]</span></a> Plutarch and Pliny state that after Pharsalia Antony had -a chariot drawn by lions: but from this passage it appears -that the story was current earlier.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[Pg 334]</a></span></p> - -<p>Evocavit litteris e municipiis decem primos -et <span class="smcap">IIII</span> viros. Venerunt ad villam eius mane. Primum -dormiit ad h. <span class="smcap">III</span>, deinde, cum esset nuntiatum venisse -Neapolitanos et Cumanos (his enim est Caesar iratus), -postridie redire iussit; lavari se velle et περὶ κοιλιολυσίαν -γίνεσθαι. Hoc here effecit. Hodie autem in -Aenariam transire constituit. Exsulibus reditum pollicetur.</p> - -<p>Sed haec omittamus, de nobis aliquid agamas. -A Q. Axio accepi litteras. De Tirone gratum. -Vettienum diligo. Vestorio reddidi. Servius pr. Nonas -Maias Menturnis mansisse dicitur, hodie in Liternino -mansurus apud C. Marcellum. Cras igitur nos -mature videbit mihique dabit argumentum ad te epistulae. -Iam enim non reperio, quod tibi scribam. -Illud admiror, quod Antonius ad me ne nuntium quidem, -cum praesertim me valde observarit. Videlicet -aliquid atrocius de me imperatum est. Coram negare -mihi non vult, quod ego nec rogaturus eram nec, si -impetrassem, crediturus. Nos tamen aliquid excogitabimus. -Tu, quaeso, si quid in Hispaniis. Iam enim -poterit audiri, et omnes ita exspectant, ut, si recte -fuerit, nihil negotii futurum putent. Ego autem nec -retentis iis confectam rem puto, neque amissis desperatam. -Silium et Ocellam et ceteros credo retardatos. -Te quoque a Curtio impediri video. Etsi, ut opinor, -habes ἔκπλουν.<a name="FNanchor_156_156" id="FNanchor_156_156"></a><a href="#Footnote_156_156" class="fnanchor">[156]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_156_156" id="Footnote_156_156"></a><a href="#FNanchor_156_156"><span class="label">[156]</span></a> ἔκπλουν <em>Baiter</em>: εκιταονον <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[Pg 335]</a></span></p> - -<p>how he plays the statesman. He summoned by letter -ten leading men and the board of four from the municipal -towns. They came to his country house in the -morning. First he slept till nine. Then, when he -heard the men had come from Naples and Cumae (for -Caesar is angry with them), he bade them return on -the next day, saying that he wished to take a bath -and a laxative. This he did yesterday. But to-day -he has arranged to cross to Aenaria. He is -promising the exiles<a name="FNanchor_157_157" id="FNanchor_157_157"></a><a href="#Footnote_157_157" class="fnanchor">[157]</a> that they shall return.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_157_157" id="Footnote_157_157"></a><a href="#FNanchor_157_157"><span class="label">[157]</span></a> Banished under Pompey's law <em>de ambitu</em> in 52 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span></p></div> - -<p>But let us pass over this and talk about ourselves. -I got a letter from Q. Axius. As for Tiro, thanks. -I like Vettienus. I have repaid Vestorius. Servius -is said to have stopped at Menturnae on the 6th of -May. To-day he will stop with C. Marcellus in his -villa at Liternum. To-morrow early he will see me, -and will give me a subject for a letter to you. Just -now I can find nothing to write. I am much astonished -that Antony has not even sent a messenger to -me, especially when he has paid me much attention. -I suppose he has some more truculent order about -me. He does not wish to refuse me to my face, but -I was not going to ask the favour, nor, if I had got it, -should I have believed him. However I will think -out some plan. Let me know if anything has happened -in Spain; for now there is time for news to have come, -and everybody awaits it with the idea, that, if all go -well there, there will be no more trouble. But I do -not think the business is over, if Spain be kept, nor -yet hopeless, if it be lost. Silius and Ocella and the -rest I suppose are detained. I see that you too are -hindered by Curtius, though I think you have a -passport.</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[Pg 336]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Cumano -VIII -Id. Mai. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>O vitam miseram, maiusque malum tam diu timere, -quam est illud ipsum, quod timetur! Servius, ut antea -scripsi, cum venisset Nonis Maiis, postridie ad me -mane venit. Ne diutius te teneam, nullius consilii -exitum invenimus. Numquam vidi hominem perturbatiorem -metu; neque hercule quicquam timebat, quod -non esset timendum; illum sibi iratum, hunc non amicum; -horribilem utriusque victoriam, cum propter alterius -crudelitatem, alterius audaciam tum propter -utriusque difficultatem pecuniariam; quae erui nusquam -nisi ex privatorum bonis posset. Atque haec ita multis -cum lacrimis loquebatur, ut ego mirarer eas tam -diuturna miseria non exaruisse. Mihi quidem etiam -lippitudo haec, propter quam non ipse ad te scribo, -sine ulla lacrima est, sed saepius odiosa est propter -vigilias. Quam ob rem, quicquid habes ad consolandum, -collige et illa scribe, non ex doctrina neque ex -libris (nam id quidem domi est, sed nescio quo modo -imbecillior est medicina quam morbus), haec potius -conquire de Hispaniis, de Massilia; quae quidem satis -bella Servius adfert; qui etiam de duabus legionibus -luculentos auctores esse dicebat. Haec igitur, si habebis, -et talia. Et quidem paucis diebus aliquid audiri -necesse est.</p> - -<p>Sed redeo ad Servium. Distulimus omnino sermonem -in posterum, sed tardus ad exeundum "multo se</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[Pg 337]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cumae, -May 8</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> -<em>49</em></div> - -<p>What a wretched life this is! and to be so long -afraid is more wretched than the very thing one fears! -Servius, as I told you before, came on the 7th of May -and on the next morning visited me. Not to detain -you longer, we could not see our way to a plan. Never -have I seen a man more upset with fear; and upon -my soul he feared nothing that did not deserve to be -feared. He pointed out that Pompey was angry with -him, that Caesar was not friendly, that the victory of -either would be terrible, both because Pompey was -cruel and Caesar daring, and because of their money -difficulties, which could only be got rid of by an attack -on private property. He bewailed all this with such -a flood of tears, that I was surprised they had not -dried up in all that long time of misery. My own -eyes do not shed one single tear, though this inflammation -prevents me from writing to you; but it is -often tiresome by keeping me awake. So please collect -all the consolation you can and send it to me—not -from philosophy or books—I have plenty of that, but I -find somehow that the cure is too weak for the disease. -Search rather for any news about Spain or Massilia. -What Servius says about them is quite satisfactory, -and he also tells me there is excellent authority for -the story of the two legions. News of this kind then -send me, if you get it, and such like topics. Anyhow -in a few days something must be heard.</p> - -<p>But to return to Servius. We deferred all our -conversation to the next day: but he is reluctant to -leave Italy, declaring he would much rather die in</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[Pg 338]</a></span></p> - -<p>in suo lectulo malle, quicquid foret." Odiosus scrupulus -de filii militia Brundisina. Unum illud firmissime -adseverabat, si damnati restituerentur, in exsilium -se iturum. Nos autem ad haec "et id ipsum certo -fore, et, quae iam fierent, non esse leviora," multaque -colligebamus. Verum ea non animum eius augebant, -sed timorem, ut iam celandus magis de nostro consilio -quam adhibendus videretur. Quare in hoc non -multum est. Nos a te admoniti de Caelio cogitabimus.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Cumano IV -Id. Mai. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Servius cum esset apud me, Cephalio cum tuis litteris -<span class="smcap">VI</span> Idus venit; quae nobis magnam spem attulerunt -meliorum rerum de octo cohortibus. Etenim eae -quoque, quae in his locis sunt, labare dicuntur. Eodem -die Funisulanus a te attulit litteras, in quibus -erat confirmatius idem illud. Ei de suo negotio respondi -cumulate cum omni tua gratia. Adhuc non -satis faciebat; debet autem mihi multos nummos nec -habetur locuples. Nunc ait se daturum; cui expensum -tulerit, morari; tabellariis, si apud te esset qua satis -fecisset, dares. Quantum sit, Eros Philotimi tibi -dicet. Sed ad maiora redeamus.</p> - -<p>Quod optas, Caelianum illud maturescit. Itaque -torqueor, utrum ventum exspectem. Vexillo opus -est; convolabunt. Quod suades, ut palam, prorsus -adsentior, itaque me profecturum puto. Tuas tamen</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[Pg 339]</a></span></p> - -<p>his bed whatever happens. He has unpleasant scruples -about his son's military service at Brundisium. -On one point he is quite firm, that, if the condemned -are restored, he will go into exile. I for my part replied -"that will certainly happen, and what is happening is -equally disagreeable," and I quoted many examples. -My examples however did not increase his courage but -his fear: so that it appears I must rather conceal from -him my design than invite him to share it. He is not -to be depended on. By your advice I will consider -about Caelius.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cumae, May -12</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>While Servius was with me, Cephalio came with -your letter of the 10th, which gave me great hope of -better news about the eight cohorts. For even the -cohorts which are here are said to be wavering. On -the same day Funisulanus brought me a letter from -you, corroborating the same news. I gave him a full -reply about his business, explaining all your kindness. -Hitherto he has not been satisfactory; and he owes -me a large sum and is not considered safe. Now he -says that he will settle; but that a debtor of his was -slow in paying, and that you are to pay the money -by your letter-carriers, if that debtor has deposited it -with you. The amount Philotimus' man Eros will -tell you. But to return to more important matters.</p> - -<p>That Caelian plan you favour is coming to a head: -so I am worried whether to await a favourable wind. -It is a standard we want, and men will flock to it. -With your advice, that I should set sail openly, I entirely -agree: and so I think I will set out. However</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[Pg 340]</a></span></p> - -<p>interim litteras exspecto. Servi consilio nihil, expeditur. -Omnes captiones in omni sententia occurrunt. -Unum C. Marcellum cognovi timidiorem; quem consulem -fuisse paenitet. Ὢ πολλῆς ἀγεννείας! qui etiam -Antonium confirmasse dicitur, ut me impediret, quo -ipse, credo, honestius. Antonius autem <span class="smcap">VI</span> Idus -Capuam profectus est. Ad me misit, se pudore -deterritum ad me non venisse, quod me sibi suscensere -putaret. Ibitur igitur et ita quidem, ut censes, nisi -cuius gravioris personae suscipiendae spes erit ante -oblata. Sed vix erit tam cito. Allienus autem -praetor putabat aliquem, si ego non, ex collegis suis. -Quivis licet, dum modo aliquis.</p> - -<p>De sorore laudo. De Quinto puero datur opera; -spero esse meliora. De Quinto fratre scito eum non -mediocriter laborare de versura, sed adhuc nihil a -L. Egnatio expressit. Axius de duodecim milibus -pudens! Saepe enim ad me scripsit, ut Gallio, quantum -is vellet, darem. Quodsi non scripsisset, possemne -aliter? Et quidem saepe sum pollicitus, sed tantum -voluit cito. Me vero adiuvarent his in angustiis. Sed -di istos! Verum alias. Te a quartana liberatum gaudeo -itemque Piliam. Ego, dum panis et cetera in -navem parantur, excurro in Pompeianum. Vettieno -velim gratias, quod studiosus sit; si quemquam nanctus -eris, qui perferat, litteras des, antequam discedimus.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[Pg 341]</a></span></p> - -<p>I await a letter from you meanwhile. Servius' advice -has not been helpful. All sorts of bars meet us in -every opinion he expresses. Only one man, C. Marcellus, -have I known to be more timid, and he is -sorry he was ever a consul. What a lowborn spirit! -He is said even to have strengthened Antony's resolution -to prevent my departure: so that his own -conduct I suppose may appear more honourable. -Antony started for Capua on the 10th, sending word -that shame prevented his visiting me, because he -thought I was annoyed with him. So I shall go, and -openly as you advise, unless hope of playing a more -important part shall offer. But that can scarcely -occur so soon. Allienus the praetor thought one of his -colleagues would be chosen,<a name="FNanchor_158_158" id="FNanchor_158_158"></a><a href="#Footnote_158_158" class="fnanchor">[158]</a> if I were not. Let -it be anyone they like so long as it is some one.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_158_158" id="Footnote_158_158"></a><a href="#FNanchor_158_158"><span class="label">[158]</span></a> As peace delegate.</p></div> - -<p>As to your sister, I approve. As for young Quintus, -I am doing my best, and I hope things are better. -As for my brother Quintus, you must know that he is -taking extraordinary pains to borrow money to settle -his debt; but so far has squeezed nothing out of L. -Egnatius. Axius is modest about the £100<a name="FNanchor_159_159" id="FNanchor_159_159"></a><a href="#Footnote_159_159" class="fnanchor">[159]</a>: for he -often requested in his letters that I should pay -Gallius as much as he wanted. Even if he had not -written, could I have helped it? I have often promised -indeed; but he wanted so much at once. -They should have helped me rather in my difficulties, -confound them. But I will write of this another -time. I am glad you are rid of your ague, and -Pilia too. While bread and provisions are being put -on board, I am going off to my estate at Pompeii. -Please thank Vettienus for his trouble. If you can -find a messenger, give me a letter before I leave.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_159_159" id="Footnote_159_159"></a><a href="#FNanchor_159_159"><span class="label">[159]</span></a> 12,000 sesterces.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_342" id="Page_342">[Pg 342]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Cumano -prid. -Id. Mai. a. -705</em></div> - -<p>Commodum ad te dederam litteras de pluribus -rebus, cum ad me bene mane Dionysius fuit. Cui -quidem ego non modo placabilem me praebuissem, -sed totum remisissem, si venisset, qua mente tu ad -me scripseras. Erat enim sic in tuis litteris, quas -Arpini acceperam, eum venturum facturumque, quod -ego vellem. Ego volebam autem vel cupiebam -potius esse eum nobiscum. Quod quia plane, cum in -Formianum venisset, praeciderat, asperius ad te de eo -scribere solebam. At ille perpauca locutus hanc summam -habuit orationis, ut sibi ignoscerem; se rebus -suis impeditum nobiscum ire non posse. Pauca respondi, -magnum accepi dolorem, intellexi fortunam ab -eo nostram despectam esse. Quid quaeris? (fortasse -miraberis) in maximis horum temporum doloribus -hunc mihi scito esse. Velim, ut tibi amicus sit. Hoc -cum tibi opto, opto, ut beatus sis; erit enim tam diu.</p> - -<p>Consilium nostrum spero vacuum periculo fore. -Nam et dissimulavimus, et, ut opinor, non acerrime -adservabimur. Navigatio modo sit, qualem opto, cetera, -quae quidem consilio provideri poterunt, cavebuntur. -Tu, dum adsumus, non modo quae scies audierisve, -sed etiam quae futura providebis, scribas -velim.</p> - -<p>Cato, qui Siciliam tenere nullo negotio potuit (et, -si tenuisset, omnes boni ad eum se contulissent), Syracusis -profectus est ante diem <span class="smcap">VIII</span> K. Mai., ut ad me</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_343" id="Page_343">[Pg 343]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cumae, May -14</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>I had just sent a letter to you about a number of -matters, when very early in the morning Dionysius -came to my house. I should not only have been -civil to him, I should have pardoned him altogether, -if he had come in the spirit you described. For the -letter I got at Arpinum said that he was coming and -would do whatever I wanted; and I wanted or rather -longed that he should be with me. It was because -he had flatly refused to do so, when he came to my -villa at Formiae, I used to write to you about him -rather bitterly. However, after the first greeting, -he said, to put it shortly, that I must excuse him and -that business prevented his going with me. I said -little in reply, but I was greatly hurt, for I understood -that he looked down on my fortunes. You may be -astonished, but you must know that this is one of the -greatest sorrows I have suffered in this crisis. I hope -that he may be a friend to you. When I wish that, -I wish you prosperity, for just so long he will be your -friend.</p> - -<p>My plan, I hope, will be free from risk, for I have -kept the matter a secret, and, as I think, I shall not -be watched very keenly. Only let the voyage be as -good as I want, and all precautions that foresight can -suggest will be taken. While I am here, please -write not only anything you know or hear, but even -what you foresee.</p> - -<p>Cato, who could have held Sicily without any -trouble—and, if he had held it, all loyalists would -have flocked to him—sailed from Syracuse on the</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_344" id="Page_344">[Pg 344]</a></span></p> - -<p>Curio scripsit. Utinam, quod aiunt, Cotta Sardiniam -teneat! est enim rumor. O, si id fuerit, turpem Catonem!</p> - -<p>Ego, ut minuerem suspicionem profectionis aut cogitationis -meae, profectus sum in Pompeianum a. d. -<span class="smcap">IIII</span> Idus, ut ibi essem, dum, quae ad navigandum opus -essent, pararentur. Cum ad villam venissem, relatum<a name="FNanchor_160_160" id="FNanchor_160_160"></a><a href="#Footnote_160_160" class="fnanchor">[160]</a> -est ad me centuriones trium cohortium, quae Pompeiis -sunt, me velle postridie convenire. Haec mecum -Ninnius noster, velle eos mihi se et oppidum tradere. -At ego abii postridie a villa ante lucem, ut me omnino -illi ne viderent. Quid enim erat in tribus cohortibus? -quid, si plures? quo apparatu? Cogitavi eadem illa -Caeliana, quae legi in epistula tua, quam accepi, simul -et in Cumanum veni eodem die, et simul fieri -poterat, ut temptaremur. Omnem igitur suspicionem -sustuli. Sed, dum redeo, Hortensius venerat et ad -Terentiam salutatum deverterat. Sermone erat usus -honorifico erga me. Iam eum, ut puto, videbo; misit -enim puerum se ad me venire. Hoc quidem melius -quam collega noster Antonius, cuius inter lictores lectica -mima portatur.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_160_160" id="Footnote_160_160"></a><a href="#FNanchor_160_160"><span class="label">[160]</span></a> relatum <em>Müller</em>: ventum <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -<p>Tu, quoniam quartana cares et novum morbum -removisti, sed etiam gravedinem, teque vegetum nobis -in Graecia siste et litterarum aliquid interea.</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[Pg 345]</a></span></p> - -<p>23rd of April, as Curio has informed me by letter. I -only hope Cotta may hold Sardinia, as they say, for -there is a rumour to that effect. If that happens, -what a reflection of Cato!</p> - -<p>To lessen suspicion of my journey and intentions -I started for my place at Pompeii on the 12th of -May to stay there while the necessary provisions -were made for my voyage. When I arrived, I was -told the centurions of the three cohorts here wished -to visit me the next day. That was what my friend -Ninnius said—that they wished to hand over themselves -and the town to me. But I left the next -morning before daybreak, so that they should not see -me at all: for what was the use of three cohorts, or -more indeed? And what was our equipment? I -pondered too over the matter of Caelius when I read -it in your letter, which I received on the same day -as I arrived at Cumae. It was possible too that it -was a mere ruse, so I did away with all grounds of -suspicion. But, while I was on my way back, Hortensius -came, and turned out of his way to greet -Terentia, and he had spoken of me with much courtesy. -I think I shall see him soon, for he has sent a servant -to announce his coming. This is better behaviour -than that of my fellow augur Antony, who carries an -actress in a sedan among his lictors.</p> - -<p>As you have lost your quartan fever and have not -only thrown off your new malady but also your cold, -you must present yourself before me sound and fit -in Greece. Meanwhile drop me a line.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[Pg 346]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Cumano -XVII K. -Iun. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Pr. Idus Hortensius ad me venit seripta epistula. -Vellem cetera eius! quam in me incredibilem ἐκτένειαν! -Qua quidem cogito uti. Deinde Serapion -cum epistula tua. Quam priusquam aperuissem, dixi -ei te ad me de eo scripsisse antea, ut feceras. Deinde -epistula lecta<a name="FNanchor_161_161" id="FNanchor_161_161"></a><a href="#Footnote_161_161" class="fnanchor">[161]</a> cumulatissime cetera. Et hercule -hominem probo; nam et doctum et probum existimo; -quin etiam navi eius me et ipso convectore usurum -puto.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_161_161" id="Footnote_161_161"></a><a href="#FNanchor_161_161"><span class="label">[161]</span></a> lecta <em>Manutius</em>: scripta <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -<p>Crebro refricat lippitudo non illa quidem perodiosa, -sed tamen quae impediat scriptionem meam. Valetudinem -tuam iam confirmatam esse et a vetere morbo -et a novis temptationibus gaudeo.</p> - -<p>Ocellam vellem haberemus; videntur enim esse -haec paulo faciliora futura. Nunc quidem aequinoctium -nos moratur, quod valde perturbatum erat. -Id si transierit,<a name="FNanchor_162_162" id="FNanchor_162_162"></a><a href="#Footnote_162_162" class="fnanchor">[162]</a> utinam idem maneat Hortensius! si -quidem, ut adhuc erat, liberalius esse nihil potest.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_162_162" id="Footnote_162_162"></a><a href="#FNanchor_162_162"><span class="label">[162]</span></a> transierit <em>Ziehen</em>: cras erit <em>MSS.</em>: ἀκραὲς erit <em>Bosius</em>.</p></div> - -<p>De diplomate admiraris quasi nescio cuius te flagitii -insimularim. Negas enim te reperire, qui mihi -id in mentem venerit. Ego autem, quia scripseras -te proficisci cogitare (etenim audieram nemini aliter -licere), eo te habere censebam, et quia pueris diploma -sumpseras. Habes causam opinionis meae. Et tamen</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[Pg 347]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cumae, May -16</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>On the 14th of May Hortensius came to me, just -as I had written my letter. I wish his conduct were -always as it is now.<a name="FNanchor_163_163" id="FNanchor_163_163"></a><a href="#Footnote_163_163" class="fnanchor">[163]</a> You would never believe how -gushing he was, and I intend to take advantage of it. -Then Serapion came with a letter from you. Before -I opened it, I told him that you had written to me -about him before, as you had done. Then when I -had read the letter, I told him the rest in full detail, -and upon my word I like the man; for I think him -to be learned and upright. Moreover I think I -will use his ship and make him my fellow-passenger.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_163_163" id="Footnote_163_163"></a><a href="#FNanchor_163_163"><span class="label">[163]</span></a> Or "I wish he would always confine himself to writing." -But the passage may be corrupt.</p></div> - -<p>Inflammation of the eyes often breaks out again, -not indeed very troublesome, but enough to prevent -my writing. That your health has recovered from -your old complaint and your new attacks I am glad.</p> - -<p>I wish I had Ocella here: for it looks as if things -are going to be rather easier. Just now the equinox -is delaying me. It has been very boisterous. When -that is over, I only hope Hortensius may keep to the -same mind. So far he could not be more generous.</p> - -<p>You wonder about the passport I mentioned, as if -I hinted you were guilty of some crime. You say you -can't discover how it came into my mind. For my -part since you wrote that you meditated leaving, and -I had heard that a passport was indispensable, I decided -you must have one: and also because you had -taken out a passport for the boys. That was the -reason for my opinion, but please write and tell me</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[Pg 348]</a></span></p> - -<p>velim scire, quid cogites, in primisque, si quid etiam -nunc novi est.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">XVII</span> K. Iun.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVIII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in -Cumano -XIV aut -XIII K. -Iun. a. 705</em></div> - -<p>Tullia mea peperit <span class="smcap">XIIII</span> K. Iun. puerum ἑπταμηνιαῖον. -Quod εὐτόκησεν, gaudeo; quod quidem est -natum, perimbecillum est. Me mirificae tranquillitates -adhuc tenuerunt atque maiori impedimento -fuerunt quam custodiae, quibus adservor. Nam illa -Hortensiana omnia fuere infantia. Ita fiet. Homo -nequissimus a Salvio liberto depravatus est. Itaque -posthac non scribam ad te, quid facturus sim, sed -quid fecerim; omnes enim Κωρυκαῖοι videntur subauscultare, -quae loquor.</p> - -<p>Tu tamen, si quid de Hispaniis sive quid aliud, -perge, quaeso, scribere nec meas litteras exspectaris, -nisi cum, quo opto, pervenerimus, aut si quid ex -cursu. Sed hoc quoque timide scribo. Ita omnia -tarda adhuc et spissa. Ut male posuimus initia, sic -cetera sequuntur.</p> - -<p>Formias nunc sequimur; eodem nos fortasse Furiae -persequentur. Ex Balbi autem sermone, quem tecum -habuit, non probamus de Melita. Dubitas igitur, -quin nos in hostium numero habeat? Scripsi equidem -Balbo te ad me et de benevolentia scripsisse et de</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[Pg 349]</a></span></p> - -<p>what you intend, and especially if there is any -news.</p> - -<p>May 16.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVIII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Cumae, May -19 or 20</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>49</em></div> - -<p>My daughter was confined on the 19th of May: a -boy, a seven months' child. I am glad she had a safe -delivery. As for the thing that has been born, it is a -very poor specimen. So far I have been detained by an -astonishing calm, which has been a greater hindrance -than the watch kept on me. For all that gush of -Hortensius proved child's talk. So it will be found. -The villain has been corrupted by Salvius his freeman. -Accordingly hereafter I shall write to you, not what -I intend to do but what I have done. For every eavesdropper<a name="FNanchor_164_164" id="FNanchor_164_164"></a><a href="#Footnote_164_164" class="fnanchor">[164]</a> -seems to be listening to what I say.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_164_164" id="Footnote_164_164"></a><a href="#FNanchor_164_164"><span class="label">[164]</span></a> The people of Corycus in Pamphylia spied on merchant -vessels and betrayed them to pirates. Hence their name -became a proverbial term for spies and eavesdroppers.</p></div> - -<p>However if you have any news about Spain or any -other topic, please write, but do not count on a letter -from me, till I have reached the desired haven; -or possibly I may write something on the voyage. -But even this much I write in fear. How sluggishly -and draggingly everything has gone! The foundation -was badly laid and the rest is of a piece.</p> - -<p>Just now I am going to Formiae; perhaps there too -the Furies will follow me. However according to -Balbus' conversation with you my idea of going to -Malta does not win approval. Can you doubt then -that Caesar regards me as an enemy? To be sure I -have written to Balbus telling him that you had informed -me of his kindness and his suspicion. I</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[Pg 350]</a></span></p> - -<p>suspicione. Egi gratias; de altero ei me purga. -Ecquem tu hominem infeliciorem? Non loquor -plura, ne te quoque excruciem. Ipse conficior venisse -tempus, cum iam nec fortiter nec prudenter quicquam -facere possim.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[Pg 351]</a></span></p> - -<p>thanked him for his kindness: as regards the suspicion, -clear me. Is there a more unlucky man living? -I won't say more for fear of hurting you too. I am -tortured by the thought that the time has come when -I can no longer act either with boldness or discretion.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[Pg 352]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2>M. TULLI CICERONIS -EPISTULARUM AD ATTICUM -LIBER UNDECIMUS</h2> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>I<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Epiro -inter Non. et -Id. Ian., ut -videtur, a. -706</em></div> - -<p>Accepi a te signatum libellum, quem Anteros attulerat; -ex quo nihil scire potui de nostris domesticis -rebus. De quibus acerbissime adflictor, quod, qui eas -dispensavit, neque adest istic, neque, ubi terrarum -sit, scio. Omnem autem spem habeo existimationis -privatarumque rerum in tua erga me mihi perspectissima -benevolentia. Quam si his temporibus miseris -et extremis praestiteris, haec pericula, quae mihi -communia sunt cum ceteris, fortius feram; idque ut -facias, te obtestor atque obsecro. Ego in cistophoro -in Asia habeo ad sestertium bis et viciens. Huius -pecuniae permutatione fidem nostram facile tuebere; -quam quidem ego nisi expeditam relinquere me putassem -credens ei, cui tu scis iam pridem minime credere -me debere, commoratus essem paulisper nec domesticas -res impeditas reliquissem. Ob eamque causam -serius ad te scribo, quod sero intellexi, quid timendum -esset. Te etiam atque etiam oro, ut me totum tuendum -suscipias, ut, si ei salvi erunt, quibuscum sum, -una cum iis possim incolumis esse salutemque meam -benevolentiae tuae acceptam referre.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[Pg 353]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3 class="ph2">CICERO'S LETTERS -TO ATTICUS -BOOK XI</h3> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>I<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Epirus, -January</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>48</em></div> - -<p>I got your sealed document, which Anteros brought. -It gave me no information about my private affairs. I -am exceedingly distressed about them, because Philotimus, -who managed them, is not at Rome, nor do I -know where in the world he is. And my whole hope -of preserving my credit and private property lies in -your tried and proved kindness towards me. If in -this last desperate crisis you still show that, I shall -face the dangers which I share with others more -courageously: and I adjure and beseech you to do so. -I have in local currency<a name="FNanchor_165_165" id="FNanchor_165_165"></a><a href="#Footnote_165_165" class="fnanchor">[165]</a> in Asia nearly £18,000.<a name="FNanchor_166_166" id="FNanchor_166_166"></a><a href="#Footnote_166_166" class="fnanchor">[166]</a> -By a bill of exchange for that amount it will be easy -for you to maintain my credit. Unless I had thought -I were leaving it all square (trusting one, whom you -have long since known I ought not to have trusted), -I should have delayed a little longer and not left my -private concerns embarrassed. The reason why I have -been rather long in writing to you about it, is that I -was a long time in gathering what was to be feared. -Again and again I beseech you that you undertake to -protect me in every way, so that, supposing my -present associates are spared, I may along with them -remain unembarrassed and put down my safety to -your kindness.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_165_165" id="Footnote_165_165"></a><a href="#FNanchor_165_165"><span class="label">[165]</span></a> An Asiatic coin bearing as a device the <em>cista</em> of Dionysius -half opened with a snake creeping out of it.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_166_166" id="Footnote_166_166"></a><a href="#FNanchor_166_166"><span class="label">[166]</span></a> 2,200,000 sesterces.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_354" id="Page_354">[Pg 354]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>II<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in Epiro -med. m. -Mart., ut videtur, -a. 706</em></div> - -<p>Litteras tuas accepi pr. Non. Febr. eoque ipso die -ex testamento crevi hereditatem. Ex multis meis -miserrimis curis est una levata, si, ut scribis, ista -hereditas fidem et famam meam tueri potest; quam -quidem intellego te etiam sine hereditate tuis opibus -defensurum fuisse. De dote quod scribis, per omnes -deos te obtestor, ut totam rem suscipias et illam miseram -mea culpa et neglegentia tueare meis opibus, -si quae sunt, tuis, quibus tibi molestum non erit, facultatibus. -Cui quidem deesse omnia, quod scribis, -obsecro te, noli pati. In quos enim sumptus abeunt -fructus praediorum? Iam illa HS <span class="bt">LX</span>, quae scribis, -nemo mihi umquam dixit ex dote esse detracta; -numquam enim essem passus. Sed haec minima est -ex eis iniuriis, quas accepi; de quibus ad te dolore et -lacrimis scribere prohibeor. Ex ea pecunia, quae -fuit in Asia, partem dimidiam fere exegi. Tutius -videbatur fore ibi, ubi est, quam apud publicanos.</p> - -<p>Quod me hortaris, ut firmo sim animo, vellem posses -aliquid adferre, quam ob rem id facere possem. -Sed, si ad ceteras miserias accessit etiam id, quod -mihi Chrysippus dixit parari (tu nihil significasti) de</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_355" id="Page_355">[Pg 355]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>II<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Epirus, -March</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>48</em></div> - -<p>I received your letter on the 4th of February, and -on the same day I accepted the inheritance formally -according to the will. Of my many and miserable -anxieties one is taken away, if, as you say, this inheritance -is sufficient to maintain my credit and -reputation, though I know you would have defended -it even without the inheritance with all your -resources. As for what you write about the dowry<a name="FNanchor_167_167" id="FNanchor_167_167"></a><a href="#Footnote_167_167" class="fnanchor">[167]</a> -I adjure you for heaven's sake to manage the whole -business and protect the poor girl, a victim of my -culpable carelessness, with my funds, if there are any, -and out of your own, so far as you can without inconvenience. -Pray do not let her remain in the -utter want you depict. On what are the rents of my -farms being wasted? That 500 guineas<a name="FNanchor_168_168" id="FNanchor_168_168"></a><a href="#Footnote_168_168" class="fnanchor">[168]</a> of which -you write, no one ever told me that it had been kept -back out of the dowry, for I would never have allowed -it. But that is the least of the blows I have suffered. -I cannot write to you about them for sorrow and tears. -Of the money I had in Asia I have called in nearly -half. It would appear to be safer where it is than -with the tax-collectors.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_167_167" id="Footnote_167_167"></a><a href="#FNanchor_167_167"><span class="label">[167]</span></a> The second instalment of Tullia's dowry due to Dolabella -before July; cf. xi, 3. Dowries were paid in three instalments.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_168_168" id="Footnote_168_168"></a><a href="#FNanchor_168_168"><span class="label">[168]</span></a> 60,000 sesterces.</p></div> - -<p>As for your exhortations to be of good courage, I -wish you could find some reason why I should be so. -If, on the top of my other sorrows, there comes that -which Chrysippus said is under consideration (you -gave me no hint), I mean the confiscation of my town</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[Pg 356]</a></span></p> - -<p>domo, quis me miserior uno iam fuit? Oro, obsecro, -ignosce. Non possum plura scribere. Quanto maerore -urgear, profecto vides. Quod si mihi commune -cum ceteris esset, qui videntur in eadem causa esse, -minor mea culpa videretur et eo tolerabilior esset. -Nunc nihil est, quod consoletur, nisi quid tu efficis, -si modo etiam nunc effici potest, ut ne qua singulari -adficiar calamitate et iniuria.</p> - -<p>Tardius ad te remisi tabellarium, quod potestas -mittendi non fuit. A tuis et nummorum accepi HS -<span class="bt">LXX</span> et, vestimentorum quod opus fuit. Quibus tibi -videbitur, velim des litteras meo nomine. Nosti meos -familiares. Si signum requirent aut manum, dices -me propter custodias ea vitasse.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>III<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in castris -Pompei Id. -Iun. a. 706</em></div> - -<p>Quid hic agatur, scire poteris ex eo, qui litteras -attulit. Quem diutius tenui, quia cotidie aliquid -novi exspectabamus; neque nunc mittendi tamen -ulla causa fuit praeter eam, de qua tibi rescribi voluisti, -quod ad Kal. Quinct. pertinet, quid vellem. -Utrumque grave est, et tam gravi tempore periculum -tantae pecuniae, et dubio rerum exitu ista, quam -scribis, abruptio. Quare ut alia sic hoc vel maxime</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[Pg 357]</a></span></p> - -<p>house, I am the most wretched man alive. I pray -and beseech you pardon me. I can write no more. -You see, I am sure, with what a weight of misery I -am oppressed. If I shared it with others, who seem -to be in the same predicament, I should feel less -blameworthy and bear it better. Now I have no -consolation unless you can arrange, if it is now possible, -that I may not be visited with any special -disaster and harm.</p> - -<p>I have been rather slow in sending back your -letter-carrier, because there was no opportunity of -sending him. From your agents I have received -some £600<a name="FNanchor_169_169" id="FNanchor_169_169"></a><a href="#Footnote_169_169" class="fnanchor">[169]</a> and the necessary clothing. Please send -letters to any people you think right in my name. -You know my intimate friends. If they notice the -absence of my seal or handwriting, please say I have -avoided using them owing to the sentries.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_169_169" id="Footnote_169_169"></a><a href="#FNanchor_169_169"><span class="label">[169]</span></a> 70,000 sesterces.</p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>III<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Camp of -Pompey, -June 3</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>48</em></div> - -<p>What is happening here you may gather from the -bearer of your letter. I have kept him longer than -I should, because every day I am expecting something -fresh to happen, and there was no reason for sending -him even now, except the subject on which you ask -for an answer, namely what I wish as to the first of -July. Both courses are dangerous, both the risk of -such a sum of money at such a dangerous time, and -the breaking with Dolabella, which you mention, -while the political issue is still uncertain. Accordingly -I will leave this matter in particular like others</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[Pg 358]</a></span></p> - -<p>tuae curae benevolentiaeque permitto et illius consilio -et voluntati; cui miserae consuluissem melius, si -tecum olim coram potius quam per litteras de salute -nostra fortunisque deliberavissem.</p> - -<p>Quod negas praecipuum mihi ullum in communibus -incommodis impendere, etsi ista res non nihil habet -consolationis, tamen etiam praecipua multa sunt, quae -tu profecto vides et gravissima esse et me facillime -vitare potuisse. Ea tamen erunt minora, si, ut adhuc -factum est, administratione et diligentia tua levabuntur.</p> - -<p>Pecunia apud Egnatium est. Sit a me, ut est. -Neque enim hoc, quod agitur, videtur diuturnum esse -posse, ut scire iam possim, quid maxime opus sit. -Etsi egeo rebus omnibus, quod is quoque in angustiis -est, quicum sumus; cui magnam dedimus pecuniam -mutuam, opinantes nobis constitutis rebus eam rem -etiam honori fore. Tu, ut antea fecisti, velim, si qui -erunt, ad quos aliquid scribendum a me existimes, -ipse conficias. Tuis salutem die. Cura, ut valeas. In -primis id, quod scribis, omnibus rebus cura et provide, -ne quid ei desit, de qua scis me miserrimum esse. -Idibus Iuniis ex castris.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. in castris -Pompei Id. -Quint. a. 706</em></div> - -<p>Accepi ab Isidoro litteras et postea datas binas. -Ex proximis cognovi praedia non venisse. Videbis</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[Pg 359]</a></span></p> - -<p>to your kind care, and to the consideration and -desire of poor Tullia, whose interests would have -been better consulted, if originally I had discussed -our safety and fortunes with you in person rather -than by letter.</p> - -<p>You say there is no trouble threatening me especially -in this public misfortune. There is a little consolation -in that, but there are many circumstances -special to me, which you must see are very serious -and might easily have been avoided. However they -will be less serious, if, as hitherto, they are lightened -by your care and management.</p> - -<p>The money is with Egnatius. Let it remain there, so -far as I am concerned: for things cannot last long as they -are, so that I shall soon know what is most necessary. -However, I am in want of everything, because the -man I am with<a name="FNanchor_170_170" id="FNanchor_170_170"></a><a href="#Footnote_170_170" class="fnanchor">[170]</a> too is in great straits and I have lent -him a large sum of money, thinking that, when things -settle down, that will bring me honour as well as -profit. Please, as before, if there are any persons to -whom you think I ought to write, do it for me. Pay -my greetings to your family. Take care of your -health. Above all, as you say, make every careful -provision that nothing maybe wanting to my daughter, -on whose account you know I am very unhappy.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_170_170" id="Footnote_170_170"></a><a href="#FNanchor_170_170"><span class="label">[170]</span></a> Pompey.</p></div> - -<p>June 13, at the camp.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>In Pompey's -camp, July -15</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>48</em></div> - -<p>I have received your letter by Isidorus and two -written later. From the last I understand that the</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_360" id="Page_360">[Pg 360]</a></span></p> - -<p>ergo, ut sustentetur per te. De Frusinati, si modo -fruituri sumus, erit mihi res opportuna. Meas litteras -quod requiris, impedior inopia rerum, quas nullas habeo -litteris dignas, quippe cui, nec quae accidunt, nec -quae aguntur, ullo modo probentur. Utinam coram -tecum olim potius quam per epistulas! Hic tua, ut -possum, tueor apud hos. Cetera Celer. Ipse fugi adhuc -omne munus eo magis, quod ita nihil poterat -agi, ut mihi et meis rebus aptum esset.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IVa<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Dyrrhachi -inter XVI -et XII K. -Quint. a. 706</em></div> - -<p>Quid sit gestum novi, quaeris. Ex Isidoro scire -poteris. Reliqua non videntur esse difficiliora. Tu id -velim quod scis me maxime velle, cures, ut scribis, -ut facis. Me conficit sollicitudo, ex qua etiam summa -infirmitas corporis. Qua levata ero una cum eo, qui -negotium gerit estque in spe magna. Brutus amicus; -in causa versatur acriter.</p> - -<p>Hactenus fuit, quod caute a me scribi posset. -Vale. De pensione altera, oro te, omni cura considera -quid faciendum sit, ut scripsi iis litteris, quas Pollex -tulit.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_361" id="Page_361">[Pg 361]</a></span></p> - -<p>property did not sell. So please see to her support -yourself. As to the estate at Frusino, if only I am -to enjoy the fruits, it will be convenient for me. -You say I owe you a letter. Well, I am hindered -by want of matter, having nothing worth writing; for -nothing that happens and nothing that is done has -my approbation at all. If only I could talk with you -instead of writing! Here to the best of my power I -conserve your interests with these people. The rest -Celer will do. Hitherto I have avoided every office, -especially as it was impossible for anything to be -done in a way that suited me and my fortunes.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IVa<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Dyrrhachium, -June -15 to 19</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>48</em></div> - -<p>You ask what new moves have been made. Isidorus -will tell you. I don't think the rest of the task will -be any more difficult. Please pay attention to what -you know is my greatest wish, as you say you are -doing. I am overwhelmed by care, and that brings -with it also great bodily infirmity. When that has -passed, I shall go to the man who is conducting the -business and who is in high hopes.<a name="FNanchor_171_171" id="FNanchor_171_171"></a><a href="#Footnote_171_171" class="fnanchor">[171]</a> Brutus is -friendly; and takes a keen part in the cause.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_171_171" id="Footnote_171_171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_171_171"><span class="label">[171]</span></a> I.e. Pompey, who had won a temporary success by -piercing Caesar's lines.</p></div> - -<p>That is all that I can prudently commit to paper. -Farewell. About the second instalment of Tullia's -dowry, pray consider carefully what ought to be -done, as I said in the letter, which Pollex took.</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[Pg 362]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>V<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. -Brundisi -pr. Non. -Nov. a. 706</em></div> - -<p>Quae me causae moverint, quam acerbae, quam -graves, quam novae, coegerintque impetu magis quodam -animi uti quam cogitatione, non possum ad te -sine maximo dolore scribere. Fuerunt quidem tantae, -ut id, quod vides, effecerint. Itaque, nec quid -ad te scribam de meis rebus nec quid a te petam -reperio; rem et summam negotii vides.</p> - -<p>Equidem ex tuis litteris intellexi, et eis, quas com -muniter cum aliis scripsisti, et eis quas tuo nomine -quod etiam mea sponte videbam, te subita re quas -debilitatum novas rationes tuendi mei quaerere. -Quod scribis placere, ut propius accedam iterque per -oppida noctu faciam, non sane video, quern ad modum -id fieri possit. Neque enim ita apta habeo -devorsoria, ut tota tempora diurna in iis possim consumere, -neque ad id, quod quaeris, multum interest -utrum me homines in oppido videant an in via. Sed -tamen hoc ipsum sicut alia considerabo, quem ad -modum commodissime fieri posse videatur.</p> - -<p>Ego propter incredibilem et animi et corporis molestiam -conficere plures litteras non potui; eis tantum -rescripsi, a quibus acceperam. Tu velim et Basilo -et quibus praeterea videbitur, etiam Servilio conscribas, -ut tibi videbitur, meo nomine. Quod tanto intervallo -nihil omnino ad vos scripsi, his litteris profecto</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[Pg 363]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>V<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -Nov. 4</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>48</em></div> - -<p>What were the reasons, how bitter, how grave and -unforeseen, which swayed me and compelled me to -act by a kind of impulse rather than by reflection, I -cannot bring myself to write without great agony of -mind. So weighty were they that they have brought -about what you see. Accordingly I do not know -what to tell you about my affairs nor what to ask of -you. You can see for yourself the sum and substance -of the matter.</p> - -<p>For my part I have gathered from your letters—both -that which you wrote in conjunction with others -and the one you wrote in your own name—what I -saw myself too, that you are somewhat disconcerted -by my sudden move, and are looking for some new -means of protecting me. I don't quite see how I -can do as you suggest and come nearer to Rome, -travelling through towns at night. For I have not -suitable stopping-places to spend all the days in; -nor, for the point you are aiming at, does it much -matter whether I am seen in towns or on the road. -However I will consider how this plan, as well as -others, can most conveniently be carried out.</p> - -<p>I am so fearfully upset both in mind and body that -I have not been able to write many letters; I have -only answered those who have written to me. I -should like you to write in my name to Basilus and -to anyone else you like, even to Servilius, and say -whatever you think fit. From this letter you will -quite understand that the reason why I have not -written to you at all for such a long time, is that I</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[Pg 364]</a></span></p> - -<p>intellegis rem mihi desse, de qua scribam, non -voluntatem.</p> - -<p>Quod de Vatinio quaeris, neque illius neque cuiusquam -mihi praeterea officium desset, si reperire possent, -qua in re me iuvarent. Quintus aversissimo a -me animo Patris fuit. Eodem Corcyra filius venit. -Inde profectos eos una cum ceteris arbitror.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SALUTEM DICIT.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. -Brundisi IV K. Dec. -a. 706</em></div> - -<p>Sollicitum esse te, cum de tuis communibusque -fortunis, tum maxime de me ac de dolore meo sentio. -Qui quidem meus dolor non modo non minuitur, cum -socium sibi adiungit dolorem tuum, sed etiam augetur. -Omnino pro tua prudentia sentis, qua consolatione -levari maxime possim. Probas enim meum -consilium negasque mihi quicquam tali tempore potius -faciendum fuisse. Addis etiam (quod etsi mihi levius -est quam tuum iudicium, tamen non est leve) ceteris -quoque, id est qui pondus habeant, factum nostrum -probari. Id si ita putarem, levius dolerem. "Crede," -inquis, "mihi." Credo equidem, sed scio, quam -cupias minui dolorem meum. Me discessisse ab -armis numquam paenituit. Tanta erat in illis crudelitas, -tanta cum barbaris gentibus coniunctio, ut non -nominatim, sed generatim proscriptio esset informata, -ut iam omnium iudicio constitutum esset omnium -vestrum bona praedam esse illius victoriae. "Vestrum" -plane dico; numquam enim de te ipso nisi</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_365" id="Page_365">[Pg 365]</a></span></p> - -<p>had nothing to write about, not that I did not wish -to write.</p> - -<p>For your query about Vatinius, neither he nor -anyone else would fail in service to me, if they could -find any means of helping me. Quintus showed the -bitterest ill-feeling to me at Patrae. His son came -thither from Corcyra: and I suppose they have set -out from there with the others.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VI<br /> - -CICERO to ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -November 27</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>48</em></div> - -<p>I see you are anxious about your own fate and the -fate of us all, and especially about me and my -sorrows; but my sorrows are not lessened one whit -by the addition of yours in sympathy, they are even -increased. Of course your own intelligence makes -you feel what consolation can comfort me most: for -you approve of my plan and say that under the circumstances -I could not have done anything better. -You add something, which does not weigh with me -so much as your judgement, though it has some -weight, that every one else—I mean every one else -who matters—approves of what I did. If I could -persuade myself of that, I should feel less sorrow. -"Believe me," you say. I do believe you; but I -know how anxious you are to relieve my sorrow. -I have never regretted leaving the camp. Cruelty -was so rampant there, and there was so close an -alliance with barbarian nations, that a plan was -sketched out for a proscription not of persons but of -whole classes; and everybody had made up their -minds that the property of you all was to be the -prize of his victory. I say "you" advisedly, for none</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[Pg 366]</a></span></p> - -<p>crudelissime cogitatum est. Quare voluntatis me -meae numquam paenitebit, consilii paenitet. In -oppido aliquo mallem resedisse, quoad accerserer: -minus sermonis subissem, minus accepissem doloris; -ipsum hoc me non angeret. Brundisi iacere in omnes -partes est molestum. Propius accedere, ut suades, -quo modo sine lictoribus, quos populus dedit, possum? -qui mihi incolumi adimi non possunt. Quos ego -nunc paulisper cum bacillis in turbam conieci ad oppidum -accedens, ne quis impetus militum fieret. Reliquo -tempore me domi tenui.<a name="FNanchor_172_172" id="FNanchor_172_172"></a><a href="#Footnote_172_172" class="fnanchor">[172]</a> Ad Oppium et -Balbum scripsi,<a name="FNanchor_173_173" id="FNanchor_173_173"></a><a href="#Footnote_173_173" class="fnanchor">[173]</a> quonam iis placeret modo propius -accedere, ut hac de re considerarent. Credo fore -auctores. Sic enim recipiunt, Caesari non modo de -conservanda, sed etiam de augenda mea dignitate -curae fore, meque hortantur, ut magno animo sim, -ut omnia summa sperem. Ea spondent, confirmant. -Quae quidem mihi exploratiora essent, si remansissem. -Sed ingero praeterita; vide, quaeso, igitur ea, -quae restant, et explora cum istis, et, si putabis opus -esse, et si istis placebit, quo magis factam nostrum -Caesar probet quasi de suorum sententia factum, adhibeantur -Trebonius, Pansa, si qui alii, scribantque -ad Caesarem me, quicquid fecerim, de sua sententia -fecisse.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_172_172" id="Footnote_172_172"></a><a href="#FNanchor_172_172"><span class="label">[172]</span></a> Reliquo tempore me domi tenui <em>Hofmann</em>: recipio tempore -me domo te nunc <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_173_173" id="Footnote_173_173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_173_173"><span class="label">[173]</span></a> Balbum scripsi <em>added by Lambinus and Lehmann</em>.</p></div> - -<p>Tulliae meae morbus et imbecillitas corporis me -exanimat. Quam tibi intellego magnae curae esse, -quod est mihi gratissimum. De Pompei exitu mihi</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[Pg 367]</a></span></p> - -<p>but the cruellest thoughts were entertained about -you personally. So I shall never regret my resolve; -but I do regret my plan of action. I wish I had -settled down in some town, till I was called for. -There would have been less talk about me, less pain -for me; this particular regret at any rate would not -be worrying me. To remain inactive at Brundisium -is annoying from every point of view. And how can -I go nearer to Rome, as you advise, without the -lictors given me by the people? They cannot be -taken from me without depriving me of my rights. -Only lately, as I was approaching Brundisium, I made -them mix with the crowd with nothing but sticks in -their hands for fear the soldiery might attack them: -ever since I have kept at home. I have written to -Oppius and to Balbus, asking them to consider how -I can move nearer to Rome. I think they will -advise me to do so. For they promise that Caesar -will be anxious not only to preserve my dignity, but -even to increase it; and they bid me be of good -cheer and entertain the highest of hopes. This they -warrant and guarantee. Personally I should have -felt surer about it, if I had stayed where I was. But -that is harping on the past; so pray look to the -future and investigate the matter with them, and, -if you think it necessary and they approve, call in -Trebonius, Pansa and anyone else you like, that I -may win Caesar's approval by appearing to follow -his friends' advice, and let them write to Caesar, -telling him that, what I have done, I did at their -advice.</p> - -<p>My dear Tullia's illness and weakness frightens me -to death. I understand you are taking great care of -her, and I am very grateful. About Pompey's end</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_368" id="Page_368">[Pg 368]</a></span></p> - -<p>dubium numquam fuit. Tanta enim desperatio rerum -eius omnium regum et populorum animos occuparat, -ut, quocumque venisset, hoc putarem futurum. -Non possum eius casum non dolere; hominem enim -integrum et castum et gravem cognovi. De Fannio -consoler te? Perniciosa loquebatur de mansione tua. -L. vero Lentulus Hortensi domum sibi et Caesaris -hortos et Baias desponderat. Omnino haec eodem -modo ex hac parte fiunt, nisi quod illud erat infintum. -Omnes enim, qui in Italia manserant, hostium -numero habebantur. Sed velim haec aliquando solutiore -animo.</p> - -<p>Quintum fratrem audio profectum in Asiam, ut -deprecaretur. De filio nihil audivi; sed quaere ex -Diochare, Caesaris liberto, quem ego non vidi, qui -istas Alexandrea litteras attulit. Is dicitur vidisse -Quintum euntem an iam in Asia. Tuas litteras, -prout res postulat, exspecto. Quas velim cures -quam primum ad me perferendas. <span class="smcap">IIII</span> K. Decembr.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Brundisi -XIV Kal. -Ian. a. 706</em></div> - -<p>Gratae tuae mihi litterae sunt, quibus accurate -perscripsisti omnia, quae ad me pertinere arbitratus -es. Et factum igitur tu scribis istis placere et placere<a name="FNanchor_174_174" id="FNanchor_174_174"></a><a href="#Footnote_174_174" class="fnanchor">[174]</a> -isdem istis lictoribus me uti, quod concessum Sestio</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_174_174" id="Footnote_174_174"></a><a href="#FNanchor_174_174"><span class="label">[174]</span></a> es. Et factum igitur tu scribis istis placere et placere -<em>Steinkopf</em>: est ea factum igitur ut scribis istis placere <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_369" id="Page_369">[Pg 369]</a></span></p> - -<p>I never had any doubt. For despair of his success -had so completely taken possession of the minds of -all the kings and peoples, that I thought this would -happen to him, wherever he might go. I cannot -help feeling sorry for his fate, for I knew him to be -a man of honour and high moral principle. Am I to -condole with you about Fannius? He used to speak -virulently of you for staying in Rome. L. Lentulus, -you know, had promised himself Hortensius' house, -Caesar's gardens, and a place at Baiae. Precisely -the same is taking place on this side too, except that -on the other there was no limit. For they counted -every one who stayed in Italy as an enemy. But I -would rather speak of this sometime when I am less -worried.</p> - -<p>I hear my brother Quintus has set out for Asia to -make his peace. About his son I have heard nothing; -but ask Diochares, Caesar's freedman, who brought -those letters from Alexandria. I have not seen him. -He is said to have seen Quintus either on the way, -or was it already in Asia? I am looking forward to -a letter from you, as the occasion demands. Please -try to get it conveyed to me as soon as possible.</p> - -<p>November 27.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -Dec. 17</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>48</em></div> - -<p>I am much obliged to you for your letter, in which -you have recorded carefully everything you think -concerns me. So you say that they approve both of -my actions, and of my keeping my lictors, as Sestius -is allowed to keep his: though in his case I think it -is not so much a question of being allowed to keep</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_370" id="Page_370">[Pg 370]</a></span></p> - -<p>sit; cui non puto suos esse concessos, sed ad ipso -datos. Audio enim eum ea senatus consulta improbare, -quae post discessum tribunorum facta sunt. -Quare poterit, si volet sibi constare, nostros lictores -comprobare,</p> - -<p>Quamquam quid ego de lictoribus, qui paene ex -Italia decedere sim iussus? Nam ad me misit Antonius -exemplum Caesaris ad se litterarum, in quibus -erat se audisse Catonem et L. Metellum in Italiam -venisse, Romae ut essent palam. Id sibi non placere, -ne qui motus ex eo fierent; prohiberique omnes Italia, -nisi quorum ipse causam cognovisset; deque eo -vehementius erat scriptum. Itaque Antonius petebat -a me per litteras, ut sibi ignoscerem; facere se non -posse, quin iis litteris pareret. Tum ad eum misi -L. Lamiam, qui demonstraret illum Dolabellae dixisse, -ut ad me scriberet, ut in Italiam quam primum venirem; -eius me litteris venisse. Tum ille edixit ita, -ut me exciperet et Laelium nominatim. Quod sane -nollem; poterat enim sine nomine res ipsa excipi.</p> - -<p>O multas et graves offensiones! quas quidem tu -das operam ut lenias, nec tamen nihil proficis, quin -hoc ipso minuis dolorem meum, quod, ut minuas, tam -valde laboras; idque velim ne gravere quam saepissime -facere. Maxime autem adsequere, quod vis, si -me adduxeris, ut existimem me bonorum iudicium -non funditus perdidisse. Quamquam quid tu in eo -potes? Nihil scilicet. Sed, si quid res dabit tibi facultatis, -id me maxima consolari poterit; quod nunc quidem</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_371" id="Page_371">[Pg 371]</a></span></p> - -<p>them as of their being assigned to him by Caesar -himself. For I am told he repudiates all the decrees -of the Senate which were passed after the departure -of the tribunes. So, if he wants to be consistent, -he will be able to approve my lictors.</p> - -<p>However, what is the use of talking about lictors, -when I have almost been ordered to leave Italy. -For Antony has sent me a copy of a letter from -Caesar, in which he said he had heard that Cato and -L. Metellus had come to Italy and intended to live -openly at Rome: that he did not like, for fear it -might cause some disturbance: and that none may -enter Italy, until he has himself investigated their -case. He put the point very strongly. So Antony -wrote asking my pardon, and saying he could not -help obeying the letter. Then I sent L. Lamia to -him to point out that Caesar had told Dolabella to -write and tell me to come to Italy as soon as possible: -and that it was on the strength of that letter that I -had come. Then Antony issued an edict excepting -myself and Laelius by name. I wish he had not -done that: he might have made an exception without -mentioning names.</p> - -<p>What a heap of troubles and how serious too! And -you are doing your best to make them lighter, and -with some success—indeed that you try so hard to -relieve me is some relief in itself. I hope you won't -find it a burden to do so as often as possible. But -you will succeed in your object best, if you can convince -me that I have not entirely lost the good -opinion of the loyal party. Yet what can you -do in that matter? Nothing of course. But, if -anything gives a chance, that is what will best -console me. I see that at present it is impossible:</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_372" id="Page_372">[Pg 372]</a></span></p> - -<p>video non esse, sed, si quid ex eventis, ut hoc -nunc accidit. Dicebar debuisse cum Pompeio proficisci. -Exitus illius minuit eius officii praetermissi reprehensionem. -Sed ex omnibus nihil magis tamem desideratur, -quam quod in Africam non ierim. Iudicio hoc sum -usus, non esse barbaris auxiliis fallacissimae gentis -rem publicam defendendam, praesertim contra exercitum -saepe victorem, Non probant fortasse; multos -enim viros bonos in Africam venisse audio et scio -fuisse antea. Valde hoc loco urgeor. Hic quoque -opus est casu, ut aliqui sint ex eis, aut, si potest, -omnes qui salutem anteponant. Nam, si perseverant -et obtinent, quid nobis futurum sit, vides. Dices: -"Quid illis, si victi erunt?" Honestior est plaga. -Haec me excruciant. Sulpici autem consilium non -scripsisti cur meo non anteponeres. Quod etsi non -tam gloriosum est quam Catonis, tamen et periculo -vacuum est et dolore. Extremum est eorum, qui in -Achaia sunt. Ei tamen ipsi se hoc melius habent -quam nos, quod et multi sunt uno in loco, et, cum in -Italiam venerint, domum statim venerint. Haec tu -perge, ut facis, mitigare et probare quam plurimis.</p> - -<p>Quod te excusas, ego vero et tuas causas nosco -et mea interesse puto te istic esse, vel ut cum eis, -quibus oportebit, agas, quae erunt agenda de nobis,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_373" id="Page_373">[Pg 373]</a></span></p> - -<p>but if anything does turns up, as in this present case. -It used to be said that I ought to have gone with -Pompey: but now his death tends to absolve me -from blame for neglecting my duty in that case. But -where I am thought to have been most lacking is in -not going to Africa. My view was that barbarian -auxiliaries drawn from a most deceitful race were not -the proper persons to defend the State, especially -against an army which had won so many victories. -That view may not meet with approval; for I hear -that many patriots have arrived in Africa, and I -know there were some there before. This is a point -that really bothers me: and here again I must trust -to luck, that there may be some of them, or, if such -a thing is possible, all of them, who put safety first. -For, if they hold fast and succeed, you can see what -a position I shall be in. You will say "How about -it, if they are defeated?" That is a more honourable -blow. This is what tortures me. However, you -have not told me why you do not prefer Sulpicius' -policy to mine. It may not be so glorious as Cato's: -but it is at any rate free from danger and regret. -The last case is that of those who stayed in -Achaia. Even they are in a better position than I -am, because there are many of them together, and, -when they do come to Italy, they will go straight -home. Please continue your efforts to ameliorate -my position and to win over as many people as possible -to approval.</p> - -<p>You explain why you do not come. Yes, I know -your reasons and think it is to my interest that you -should stay where you are, for one thing that you -may be able to carry out any necessary negotiations -about me with the proper persons, as you have done.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_374" id="Page_374">[Pg 374]</a></span></p> - -<p>ut ea, quae egisti. In primisque hoc velim animadvertas. -Multos esse arbitror, qui ad Caesarem detulerint -delaturive sint me aut paenitere consilli mei aut -non probare, quae fiant. Quorum etsi utrumque -verum est, tamen ab illis dicitur animo a me alienato, -non quo ita esse perspexerint. Sed totum in eo est, -ut hoc Balbus sustineat et Oppius, et eorum crebis -litteris illius voluntas erga me confirmetur. Et hoc -plane ut fiat, diligentiam adhibeis. Alterum est, cur -te nolim discedere, quod scribis Tulliam te flagitare. -O rem miseram! quid scribam aut quid velim? Breve -faciam, lacrimae enim se subito profunderunt. Tibi -permitto, tu consule; tantum vide, ne hoc tempore -isti obesse aliquid possit. Ignosce, obsecro te. Non -possum prae fletu et dolore diutius in hoc loco commorari. -Tantum dicam, nihil mihi gratius esse, quam -quod eam diligis.</p> - -<p>Quod litteras, quibus putas opus esse, curas dandas, -facis commode. Quintum filium vidi qui Sami vidisset, -patrem Sicyone. Quorum deprecatio est facilis. -Utinam illi qui prius illum viderent, me apud eum -velint adiutum tantum, quantum ego illos vellem, si -quid possem!</p> - -<p>Quod rogas, ut in bonam partem accipiam, si qua -sint in tuis litteris, quae me mordeant, ego vero in -optimam, teque rogo, ut aperte, quem ad modum -facis, scribas ad me omnia idque facias quam saepissime. -Vale <span class="smcap">XIIII</span> K. Ian.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_375" id="Page_375">[Pg 375]</a></span></p> - -<p>And in the first place I should like to call your -attention to this point. I think there are many who -have reported or will report to Caesar either that I -am repenting of my policy or that I do not approve -of recent events. Though both are true, they say it -out of spite against me, not because they have seen -it to be so. Everything rests on the support of -Balbus and Oppius, and on their confirming Caesar's -good will to me by sending him frequent letters. -Please do your best to bring this about. The other -reason why I prefer you not to leave is that you say -Tullia begs for your assistance. What a misfortune? -What can I say? What can I even wish? I will -cut the matter short, for tears spring to my eyes at -once. I give you a free hand: do you look to it. -Only take care that nothing is done under the present -circumstances to offend the great man. I crave your -pardon. Tears and sorrow prevent me from dwelling -any longer on this topic. I will only add that -nothing makes me feel more grateful to you than -your love for her.</p> - -<p>You are quite right to send letters for me to anyone -to whom you think it necessary. I have met a -man who saw young Quintus at Samos and his father -at Sicyon. They will easily obtain their pardon. -I only hope, that, as they will see Caesar first, they -will think fit to further my case with him, as much -as I should have furthered theirs, if I had been able.</p> - -<p>You ask me to take it in good part, if there is -anything in your letters that wounds my feelings. -I promise you to take it in the best possible part, -and I beg you to write everything quite openly, as -you do, and to do so as often as possible. Farewell.</p> - -<p>Dec. 17.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[Pg 376]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Brundisi -XIII K. -Ian. a. 706</em></div> - -<p>Quantis curis conficiar, etsi profecto vides, tamen -cognosces ex Lepta et Trebatio. Maximas poenas -pendo temeritatis meae, quam tu prudentiam mihi -videri vis; neque te deterreo, quo minus id disputes -scribasque ad me quam saepissime. Non nihil enim -me levant tuae litterae hoc tempore. Per eos, qui -nostra causa volunt valentque apud illum, diligentissime -contendas opus est, per Balbum et Oppium maxime, -ut de me scribant quam diligentissime. Oppugnamur -enim, ut audio, et a praesentibus quibusdam -et per litteras. Eis ita est occurrendum, ut rei magnitudo -postulat. Fufius est illic, mihi inimicissimus. -Quintus misit filium non solum sui deprecatorem, sed -etiam accusatorem mei. Dictitat se a me apud Caesarem -oppugnari, quod refellit Caesar ipse omnesque -eius amici. Neque vero desistit, ubicumque est, omnia -in me maledicta conferre, Nihil mihi umquam tam -incredibile accidit, nihil in his malis tam acerbum. -Qui ex ipso audissent, cum Sicyone palam multis audientibus -loqueretur nefaria quaedam, ad me pertulerunt. -Nosti genus, etiam expertus es fortasse. In -me id est omne conversum. Sed augeo commemorando -dolorem et facio etiam tibi. Quare ad illud -redeo. Cura, ut huius rei causa dedita opera mittat</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_377" id="Page_377">[Pg 377]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>VIII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium -Dec. 18</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>48</em></div> - -<p>Though of course you see for yourself in what -distress I am, you will learn more about it from -Lepta and Trebatius. I am paying very heavily for -my rashness, which you want to persuade me was -prudence: and I don't want to stop you arguing that -it was and writing to me to that effect as often as -possible. For your letters afford me a good deal of -relief under the present circumstances. You must -use your utmost endeavour with those who are my -supporters and have influence with him—Balbus and -Oppius especially—to make them write about me as -strongly as possible. For I hear that I am being -attacked by some who are with him, and also by -letter. Their attack must be met, as the importance -of the matter demands. Fufius, a very bitter enemy -of mine, is there. Quintus sent his son not only to -make peace for himself, but to accuse me. He keeps -saying that I am trying to set Caesar against him, -though Caesar and all his friends deny it. And he -does not cease, wherever he is, from heaping all sorts -of abuse on me. It is the most surprising thing that -ever happened to me and the bitterest of all my -present sorrows. Those who reported the matter to -me professed to have heard it from his own lips, -when he was slandering me at Sicyon in the hearing -of many. You know his way; indeed you may have -had some personal experience of it. Now it is all -turned on me. But I increase my own sorrow, and -yours too, by speaking of it. So I return to my first -point. Take care that Balbus sends some one expressly</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_378" id="Page_378">[Pg 378]</a></span></p> - -<p>aliquem Balbus. Ad quos videbitur, velim cures litteras -meo nomine. Vale. <span class="smcap">XIII</span> Kal. Ian.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IX<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. -Brundisi III -Non. Ian. -a. 707</em></div> - -<p>Ego vero et incaute, ut scribis, et celerius, quam -oportuit, feci, nec in ulla sum spe, quippe qui exceptionibus -edictorum retinear. Quae si non essent sedulitate -effectae et benevolentia tua, liceret mihi -abire in solitudines aliquas. Nunc ne id quidem -licet. Quid autem me iuvat, quod ante initum tribunatum -veni, si ipsum, quod veni, nihil iuvat? -Iam quid sperem ab eo, qui mihi amicus numquam -fuit, cum iam lege etiam sim confectus et oppressus? -Cotidie iam Balbi ad me litterae languidiores, multaeque -multorum ad illum fortasse contra me. Meo -vitio pereo; nihil mihi mali casus attulit, omnia -culpa contracta sunt. Ego enim, cum genus belli -viderem, imparata et infirma omnia contra paratissimos, -statueram, quid facerem, ceperamque consilium -non tam forte quam mihi praeter ceteros concedendum. -Cessi meis vel potius parui. Ex quibus unus -qua mente fuerit, is quem tu mihi commendas, cognosces -ex ipsius litteris, quas ad te et ad alios misit. -Quas ego numquam aperuissem, nisi res acta sic -esset. Delatus est ad me fasciculus. Solvi, si quid -ad me esset litterarum. Nihil erat, epistula Vatinio -et Ligurio altera. Iussi ad eos deferri. Illi ad me</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_379" id="Page_379">[Pg 379]</a></span></p> - -<p>for this purpose. Please send letters in my -name to anyone you think should have them. Farewell.</p> - -<p>Dec. 18.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>IX<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -Jan. 3</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>47</em></div> - -<p>I have certainly acted incautiously, as you say, and -more hastily than I should; and I have no hope -seeing that I am tied here by the special clause in -the edict. If that had not been inserted by your -own kind efforts, I might have gone to some lonely -retreat. Now not even that is open to me. How -does it help me that I came before the tribunes -entered on office, when my coming at all does not -help? And what have I now to hope from a man -who never was friendly with me, when my ruin and -humiliation is secured even by law? Balbus' letters -to me are becoming daily cooler, and it may be he -receives dozens against me. My own fault is my -ruin. Fortune has brought no ills upon me: I have -brought them all on my own head. For when I saw -what kind of war it was going to be, one side unprepared -and weak and the other thoroughly well prepared, -I had made my plan—not a very courageous -plan perhaps, but one for which there were special -excuses in my case. I gave way to my relations, or -rather I obeyed them. What the real feelings of -one of them were—the one for whom you speak—you -will know from the letters he has sent to you -and to others. I should never have opened them, -had it not been for the following circumstance. A -packet was brought to me. I undid it to see if there -was any letter for me. There was none; but one -for Vatinius and another for Ligurius. Those I had</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[Pg 380]</a></span></p> - -<p>statim ardentes dolore venerunt scelus hominis clamantes; -epistulas mihi legerunt plenas omnium in -me probrorum. Hic Ligurius furere. "Se enim -scire summo illum in odio fuisse Caesari. Illum -tamen non modo favisse, sed etiam tantam illi pecuniam -dedisse honoris mei causa." Hoc ego dolore -accepto volui scire, quid scripsisset ad ceteros; ipsi -enim illi putavi perniciosum fore, si eius hoc tantum -scelus percrebruisset. Cognovi eiusdem generis. Ad -te misi. Quas si putabis illi ipsi utile esse reddi, -reddes. Nil me laedet. Nam, quod resignatae sunt, -habet, opinor, eius signum Pomponia. Hac ille acerbitate -initio navigationis cum usus esset, tanto me -dolore adfecit, ut postea iacuerim, neque nunc tam -pro se quam contra me laborare dicitur.</p> - -<p>Ita omnibus rebus urgeor; quas sustinere vix possum -vel plane nullo modo possum. Quibus in -miseriis una est pro omnibus, quod istam miseram -patrimonio, fortuna omni spoliatam relinquam. Quare -te, ut polliceris, videre plane velim. Alium enim, -cui illam commendem, habeo neminem, quoniam -matri quoque eadem intellexi esse parata quae mihi. -Sed, si me non offendes, satis tamen habeto commendatam, -patruumque in ea, quantum poteris, -mitigato.</p> - -<p>Haec ad te die natali meo scripsi. Quo utinam -susceptus non essem, aut ne quid ex eadem matre -postea natum esset! Plura scribere fletu prohibeor.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[Pg 381]</a></span></p> - -<p>sent to them. They came to me at once boiling -with indignation and crying shame on him, and they -read me letters full of all kinds of abuse of myself. -Then Ligurius burst out with fury, "to his certain -knowledge Caesar detested Quintus and had favoured -him and given him all that money out of compliment -to me." After this blow I wanted to know what he -had said to the others: for I thought it would be -disastrous to his own reputation if such a scandal got -abroad. I found they were all of a piece, and have -sent them to you. If you think it will do him any -good to have them delivered, have them delivered. -It won't do me any harm. Though the seals are -broken, I think Pomponia has his signet. When, at -the beginning of our voyage, he adopted this bitter -tone, I was so upset that I was prostrated afterwards; -and now he is said to be working against me -rather than for himself.</p> - -<p>So I am weighed down by such a heavy burden of -griefs that I can hardly bear up under it; indeed, I -cannot possibly bear up under it. And among all my -miseries there is one that outweighs all the rest—that -I shall leave that poor girl<a name="FNanchor_175_175" id="FNanchor_175_175"></a><a href="#Footnote_175_175" class="fnanchor">[175]</a> deprived of her -patrimony and penniless. So I hope you will fulfil your -promise and look after her. I have no one else to entrust -her to, for I hear that her mother is threatened -with the same fate as myself. If you do not find me -here, take this as sufficient injunction as regards her, -and soften her uncle towards her as far as you can.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_175_175" id="Footnote_175_175"></a><a href="#FNanchor_175_175"><span class="label">[175]</span></a> Tullia.</p></div> - -<p>This I am writing on my birthday. Would that -I had been left to die on the day of my birth, or that -my mother had never had another child. Tears -prevent me from writing more.</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_382" id="Page_382">[Pg 382]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>X<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Brundisi -XII K. -Febr. a. 707</em></div> - -<p>Ad meas incredibiles aegritudines aliquid novi accedit -ex iis, quae de Q. Q. ad me adferuntur. P. -Terentius, meus necessarius, operas in portu et scriptura -Asiae pro magistro dedit. Is Quintum filium -Ephesi vidit <span class="smcap">VI</span> Idus Decembr. eumque studiose -propter amicitiam nostram invitavit; cumque ex eo -de me percontaretur, eum sibi ita dixisse narrabat, -se mihi esse inimicissimum, volumenque sibi ostendisse -orationis, quam apud Caesarem contra me esset -habiturus. Multa a se dicta contra eius amentiam. -Multa postea Patris simili scelere secum Quintum -patrem locutum; cuius furorem ex iis epistulis, quas -ad te misi, perspicere potuisti. Haec tibi dolori esse -certo scio; me quidem excruciant, et eo magis, quod -mihi cum illis ne querendi quidem locum futurum -puto.</p> - -<p>De Africanis rebus longe alia nobis, ac tu scripseras, -nuntiantur. Nihil enim firmius esse dicunt, -nihil paratius. Accedit Hispania et alienata Italia, -legionum nec vis eadem nec voluntas, urbanae res -perditae. Quid est, ubi acquiescam, nisi quam diu -tuas litteras lego? Quae essent profecto crebriores, -si quid haberes, quo putares meam molestiam minui -posse. Sed tamen te rogo, ut ne intermittas scribere -ad me, quicquid erit, eosque, qui mihi tam crudeliter -inimici sunt, si odisse non potes, accuses tamen</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[Pg 383]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>X<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium -Jan. 19</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>47</em></div> - -<p>To my sorrows, which are incalculable, there has -come an addition in the news that is brought me -about the two Quinti. My friend P. Terentius was -acting as deputy to the collector of port-dues and -pasture tax in Asia, and he saw young Quintus at -Ephesus on the 8th of December and gave him a -cordial invitation on account of our friendship. And -when he asked him something about me, Quintus -told him that I was his deadliest enemy and showed -him the manuscript of a speech which he said he was -going to deliver before Caesar against me. Terentius -said all he could to dissuade him from such folly. -Afterwards at Patrae the elder Quintus talked freely -to him in the same scandalous strain. What a rage -he is in you will have inferred from the letters I sent -you. I am sure this will grieve you. To me it is -positive torture, especially as I don't expect I shall -even have a chance of expostulating with them.</p> - -<p>The news I get about the state of affairs in Africa -is quite different to what you sent me. They say that -all is as strong and as ready as possible. Then there -are Spain and Italy alienated from Caesar; his legions -are not what they were either in strength or in -loyalty; and in the city things are in a poor plight; -I cannot get a moment's peace except when I am -reading your letters. They would certainly be -more frequent, if you had any news which you -thought would lighten my sorrows. Still I beg you -not to neglect writing to me, whatever the news may -be; and, if you cannot bring yourself to hate those -who have shown such unfeeling hostility to me, at</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[Pg 384]</a></span></p> - -<p>non ut aliquid proficias, sed ut tibi me carum esse -sentiant. Plura ad te scribam, si mihi ad eas litteras, -quas proxime ad te dedi, rescripseris. Vale.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">XII</span> K. Febr.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Brundisi -VIII Id. -Mart. a. 707</em></div> - -<p>Confectus iam cruciatu maximorum dolorum, ne -si sit quidem, quod ad te debeam scribere, facile id -exsequi possim, hoc minus, quod res nulla est, quae -scribenda sit, cum praesertim ne spes quidem ulla -ostendatur fore melius. Ita iam ne tuas quidem -litteras exspecto, quamquam semper aliquid adferunt, -quod velim. Quare tu quidem scribito, cum erit, cui -des. Ego tuis proximis, quas tamen iam pridem accepi, -nihil habeo quod rescribam; longo enim intervallo -video immutata esse omnia; illa esse firma, -quae debeant, nos stultitiae nostrae gravissimas poenas -pendere.</p> - -<p>P. Sallustio curanda sunt HS <span class="bt">XXX</span>, quae accepi -a Cn. Sallustio. Velim videas, ut sine mora curentur. -De ea re scripsi ad Terentiam. Atque hoc -ipsum iam prope consumptum est. Quare id quoque -velim cum illa videas, ut sit, qui utamur. Hic fortasse -potero sumere, si sciam istic paratum fore; sed, -priusquam id scirem, nihil sum ausus sumere. Qui -sit omnium rerum status noster, vides. Nihil est -mali, quod non et sustineam et exspectem. Quarum</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_385" id="Page_385">[Pg 385]</a></span></p> - -<p>any rate reprove them, not in the hope of doing any -good, but to make them feel that I am dear to you. -I will write more, if you answer the last letter I -sent. Farewell.</p> - -<p>Jan. 19.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -March 8</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>47</em></div> - -<p>Worn out as I am by the agony of my grievous -sorrows I should not find it an easy task to write to -you, even if there were anything I ought to write; -and it is far less easy, when I have nothing worth -writing, especially as there is not even a gleam of -hope for better days. So hopeless am I that now I -do not look forward even to your letters, though -they always bring me something I like to hear. So -pray write, whenever you have a messenger. I have -no answer to give to your last letter, though it is a -long time since I received it, for I see no change in -the long interval: the right cause is strong, and I -am paying very heavily for my folly.</p> - -<p>The £250<a name="FNanchor_176_176" id="FNanchor_176_176"></a><a href="#Footnote_176_176" class="fnanchor">[176]</a> which I had from Cn. Sallustius are to -be paid to P. Sallustius. Please see that it is done -without delay. I have written to Terentia about it. -And now it is nearly all spent: so I wish you would -arrange with her for some money for me to go on -with. I shall possibly be able to get some here, if -I know I have a balance at Rome; but, before I know -that, I dare not try. You see the position of all my -affairs. There is no sort of misfortune which I am -not enduring and expecting. For this state of affairs</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_176_176" id="Footnote_176_176"></a><a href="#FNanchor_176_176"><span class="label">[176]</span></a> 30,000 sesterces.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_386" id="Page_386">[Pg 386]</a></span></p> - - -<p>rerum eo gravior est dolor, quo culpa maior. Ille -in Achaia non cessat de nobis detrahere. Nihil -videlicet tuae litterae profecerunt. Vale.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">VIII</span> Idus Mart.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Brundisi -VIII Id. -Mart. a. 707</em></div> - -<p>Cephalio mihi a te litteras reddidit a. d. <span class="smcap">VIII</span> Id. -Mart. vespere. Eo autem die mane tabellarios miseram; -quibus ad te dederam litteras. Tuis tamen -lectis litteris putavi iam aliquid rescribendum esse -ea re maxime, quod ostendis te pendere animi, -quamnam rationem sim Caesari allaturus profectionis -meae tum, cum ex Italia discesserim. Nihil opus -est mihi nova ratione. Saepe enim ad eum scripsi -multisque mandavi, me non potuisse, cum cupissem, -sermones hominum sustinere, multaque in eam sententiam. -Nihil enim erat, quod minus eum vellem -existimare, quam me tanta de re non meo consilio -usum esse. Posteaque, cum mihi litterae a Balbo -Cornelio minore missae essent illum existimare -Quintum fratrem "lituum" meae profectionis fuisse -(ita enim scripsit), qui nondum cognossem, quae de -me Quintus scripsisset ad multos, etsi multa praesens -in praesentem acerbe dixerat et fecerat, tamen nilo -minus his verbis ad Caesarem scripsi:</p> - -<p>"De Quinto fratre meo non minus laboro quam de -me ipso, sed eum tibi commendare hoc meo tempore -non audeo. Illud dumtaxat tamen audebo petere</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_387" id="Page_387">[Pg 387]</a></span></p> - -<p>I feel the greater sorrow, because my fault is greater. -My brother in Achaia does not cease slandering me. -Your letter has of course had no effect. Farewell.</p> - -<p>March 8.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -March 8</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>47</em></div> - -<p>Cephalio delivered a letter from you on the 8th of -March in the evening. Now on the morning of the -same day I had sent messengers and had given them -a letter for you. But, when I read yours, I thought -I ought to send some answer, particularly because -you show you are in doubt as to what explanation I -am going to offer Caesar of my departure when I did -depart from Italy. I have no necessity for a new -explanation, for I have often told him myself and -instructed others to tell him that I could not put up -with people's talk, although I wished it, and much -else to the same effect. For there is nothing that -I should be more unwilling for him to imagine than -that I did not make up my own mind on so important -a question. Afterwards I received a letter from -Cornelius Balbus the younger saying that Caesar -thought my brother Quintus had sounded the bugle -for my departure (that was his expression). I was -not then aware of what Quintus had written about -me to many people; but, though he had spoken and -acted with great bitterness when face to face with -me, none the less I wrote to Caesar as follows:</p> - -<p>"I am as much troubled about my brother Quintus -as about myself; but under the present circumstances -I do not venture to recommend him to you. -One thing, however, I will venture to ask you—I</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_388" id="Page_388">[Pg 388]</a></span></p> - -<p>abs te, quod te oro, ne quid existimes ab illo factum -esse, quo minus mea in te officia constarent, minusve -te diligerem, potiusque semper illum auctorem nostrae -coniunctionis fuisse, meique itineris comitem, -non ducem. Quare ceteris in rebus tantum ei tribues, -quantum humanitas tua amicitiaque vestra -postulat. Ego ei ne quid apud te obsim, id te vehementer -etiam atque etiam rogo."</p> - -<p>Quare, si quis congressus fuerit mihi cum Caesare, -etsi non dubito, quin is lenis in illum futurus sit idque -iam declaraverit, ego tamen is ero, qui semper -fui. Sed, ut video, multo magis est nobis laborandum -de Africa; quam quidem tu scribis confirmari cotidie -magis ad condicionis spem quam victoriae. Quod -utinam ita esset! Sed longe aliter esse intellego -teque ipsum ita existimare arbitror, aliter autem -scribere non fallendi, sed confirmandi mei causa, -praesertim cum adiungatur ad Africam etiam Hispania.</p> - -<p>Quod me admones, ut scribam ad Antonium et ad -ceteros, si quid videbitur tibi opus esse, velim facias -id, quod saepe fecisti. Nihil enim mihi venit in -mentem, quod scribendum putem. Quod me audis -erectiorem esse animo, quid putas, cum videas accessisse -ad superiores aegritudines praeclaras generi</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_389" id="Page_389">[Pg 389]</a></span></p> - -<p>beseech you to acquit him of doing anything to disturb -my sense of your claims on me or to lessen my -affection for you, and rather to regard him as the -main factor of our union and the companion, not the -leader, in my departure. And therefore in all other -matters you will give him all the credit that your -own kindness and your mutual friendship demands. -What I earnestly beg you again and again is, that -you will not let me stand in his light with you."</p> - -<p>So, if I ever do meet Caesar, though I have no -doubt that he will be lenient to Quintus and that he -has already made that plain, I shall behave as I -always have behaved. But, as I see, what I ought -to be most anxious about is Africa, which you say is -daily growing stronger, though only to the extent -of raising hopes of a compromise rather than a -victory. If it could only be true! But I read the -signs quite differently, and I think you agree -with me, and only say the contrary to hearten me, -not to deceive me, especially as Spain too has now -joined Africa.<a name="FNanchor_177_177" id="FNanchor_177_177"></a><a href="#Footnote_177_177" class="fnanchor">[177]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_177_177" id="Footnote_177_177"></a><a href="#FNanchor_177_177"><span class="label">[177]</span></a> After his victory in Spain in 49 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span>, Caesar left Q. -Cassius Longinus in command there; but Spain went over -to Pompey and both Longinus and his successor, C. Trebonius, -were driven out.</p></div> - -<p>You advise me to write to Antony and others. If -you think it necessary, please do it for me, as you -have often done before; for I cannot think of anything -worth writing. You hear I am less broken-spirited; -but can you believe it, when you see that -to my former troubles are now added my son-in-law's -fine doings?<a name="FNanchor_178_178" id="FNanchor_178_178"></a><a href="#Footnote_178_178" class="fnanchor">[178]</a> However, pray do not cease</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_178_178" id="Footnote_178_178"></a><a href="#FNanchor_178_178"><span class="label">[178]</span></a> Dolabella as tribune endeavoured to introduce a bill for -the relief of debtors, which caused riots.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_390" id="Page_390">[Pg 390]</a></span></p> - -<p>actiones? Tu tamen velim ne intermittas, quod eius -facere poteris, scribere ad me, etiamsi rem, de qua -scribas, non habebis. Semper enim adferunt aliquid -mihi tuae litterae.</p> - -<p>Galeonis hereditatem crevi. Puto enim cretionem -simplicem fuisse, quoniam ad me nulla missa est.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">VIII</span> Idus Martias.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Brundisi -VII Id. -Mart. aut -paulo post, -a. 707</em></div> - -<p>A Murenae liberto nihil adhuc acceperam litterarum. -P. Siser reddiderat eas, quibus rescribo. De -Servi patris litteris quod scribis, item Quintum in Syriam -venisse quod ais esse qui nuntient, ne id quidem -verum est. Quod certiorem te vis fieri, quo quisque -in me animo sit aut fuerit eorum, qui huc venerunt, -neminem alieno intellexi. Sed, quantum id mea intersit, -existimare te posse certo scio. Mihi cum omnia -sint intolerabilia ad dolorem, tum maxime quod -in eam causam venisse me video, ut sola utilia mihi -esse videantur, quae semper nolui.</p> - -<p>P. Lentulum patrem Rhodi esse aiunt, Alexandreae -filium, Rhodoque Alexandream C. Cassium profectum -esse constat. Quintus mihi per litteras satis facit -multo asperioribus verbis, quam cum gravissime accusabat. -Ait enim se ex litteris tuis intellegere tibi -non placere, quod ad multos de me asperius scripserit,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_391" id="Page_391">[Pg 391]</a></span></p> - -<p>doing what you can to hearten me, that is writing to -me, even if you have nothing to say. For a letter -from you always brings me something.</p> - -<p>I have accepted Galeo's legacy. I suppose it only -required a simple form of acceptance,<a name="FNanchor_179_179" id="FNanchor_179_179"></a><a href="#Footnote_179_179" class="fnanchor">[179]</a> since none -was sent to me.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_179_179" id="Footnote_179_179"></a><a href="#FNanchor_179_179"><span class="label">[179]</span></a> <em>cretio</em> = the formal acceptance of a legacy, and <em>cretio -simplex</em> apparently means that no restrictions on the form -of acceptance were laid down in the will.</p></div> - -<p>March 8.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brudisium, -March 9</em> (?), -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>47</em></div> - -<p>I have not received any letter from Murena's -freedman as yet. It was P. Siser who delivered the -one I am answering. You speak of a letter from -Servius' father, and you tell me some say that Quintus -has landed in Syria: neither is true. You want -to be informed how those who have come here feel -or felt towards me. I have not found any ill-disposed: -but, how important that is to me, I am sure you can -imagine. To me the whole state of affairs is insufferably -painful; and most of all that I have got myself -into such a case, that the only things that can be of -any use to me are precisely what I have always -wished not to happen.</p> - -<p>They say the elder P. Lentulus is at Rhodes, the -younger at Alexandria, and it is certain that C. Cassius -has left Rhodes for Alexandria. Quintus has -written to apologize to me in terms much more irritating -than when he was abusing me most violently. -For he says that he understands from your letter -that you were annoyed with him for writing</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_392" id="Page_392">[Pg 392]</a></span></p> - -<p>itaque se paenitere, quod animum tuum offenderit; -sed se iure fecisse. Deinde perscribit spurcissime, -quas ob causas fecerit. Sed neque hoc tempore -nec antea patefecisset odium suum in me, nisi omnibus -rebus me esse oppressum videret. Atque utinam -vel nocturnis, quem ad modum tu scripseras, itineribus -propius te accessissem! Nunc, nec ubi nec -quando te sim visurus, possum suspicari.</p> - -<p>De coheredibus Fufidianis nihil fuit quod ad me -scriberes; nam et aequum postulant, et, quicquid -egisses, recte esse actum putarem. De fundo Frusinati -redimendo iam pridem intellexisti voluntatem meam. -Etsi tum meliore loco res erant nostrae neque tam -mihi desperatum iri videbantur, tamen in eadem sum -voluntate. Id quem ad modum fiat, tu videbis. Et -velim, quod poteris, consideres, ut sit, unde nobis -suppeditentur sumptus necessarii. Si quas habuimus -facultates, eas Pompeio tum, cum id videbamur sapienter -facere, detulimus. Itaque tum et a tuo vilico -sumpsimus et aliunde mutuati sumus; nunc Quintus -queritur per litteras sibi nos nihil dedisse, qui neque -ab illo rogati sumus neque ipsi eam pecuniam aspeximus. -Sed velim videas, quid sit, quod confici possit, -quidque mihi de omnibus des consilii; et causam -nosti.</p> - -<p>Plura ne scribam, dolore impedior. Si quid erit, -quod ad quos scribendum meo nomine putes, velim, -ut soles, facias, quotiensque habebis, cui des ad me -litteras, nolim praetermittas. Vale.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_393" id="Page_393">[Pg 393]</a></span></p> - -<p>harshly about me to many people, and so he is sorry -that he hurt your feelings: but he was right in what -he did. Then he explains with the greatest coarseness -why he did it. But he would never have shown -his hatred for me either now or before, if he had not -seen that everything was against me. How I wish I -had got nearer to you, even by night-journeys as you -suggested. Now I cannot conceive where or when I -shall see you.</p> - -<p>As to my co-heirs in Fufidius' property, there was -no reason for you to write to me: for their demand -is quite just, and anything you did I should think -right. As to the repurchase of the estate at Frusino, -you know already what I wish. Though my affairs -were then in a better position, and I did not expect -to be in such desperate straits, still my mind has -not altered. How it is to be done, you will arrange. -And please consider to the best of your ability some -way of obtaining ready money for current expenses. -All the money I had I handed over to Pompey at a -time when it seemed advisable to do so. So then I -took money from your steward and borrowed from -others, and now Quintus complains by letter that I -did not give him a penny, when he never asked for -it and I never set eyes on the money myself. But -please see what can be managed and what advice you -have to give me on all points: you know all about it.</p> - -<p>Grief prevents me from writing more. If there is -anything you think should be written to anyone in -my name, please do so as usual; and as often as you -have anyone to whom you can give a letter to me, -don't forget it. Farewell.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[Pg 394]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Brundisi -circ. VI K. -Mai. a. 707</em></div> - -<p>Non me offendit veritas litterarum tuarum, quod -me cum communibus tum praecipuis malis oppressum -ne incipis quidem, ut solebas, consolari faterisque id -fieri iam non posse. Nec enim ea sunt, quae erant -antea, cum, ut nihil aliud, comites me et socios habere -putabam. Omnes enim Achaici deprecatores itemque -in Asia, quibus non erat ignotum, etiam quibus erat, -in Africam dicuntur navigaturi. Ita praeter Laelium -neminem habeo culpae socium; qui tamen hoc meliore -in causa est, quod iam est receptus. De me autem -non dubito quin ad Balbum et ad Oppium scripserit; -a quibus, si quid esset laetius, certior factus essem, -tecum etiam essent locuti. Quibuscum tu de hoc -ipso conloquare velim et ad me, quid tibi responderint, -scribas, non quod ab isto salus data quicquam -habitura sit firmitudinis, sed tamen aliquid consuli et -prospici poterit. Etsi omnium conspectum horreo, -praesertim hoc genero, tamen, in tantis malis quid -aliud velim, non reperio. Quintus pergit, ut ad me -et Pansa scripsit et Hirtius, isque item Africam petere -cum ceteris dicitur. Ad Minucium Tarentum scribam -et tuas litteras mittam; ad te scribam, num quid -egerim. HS <span class="bt">XXX</span> potuisse mirarer, nisi multa de</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_395" id="Page_395">[Pg 395]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -circa Apr. -25</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>47</em></div> - -<p>I am not offended with you for telling me the truth -in your letter and not even attempting, as you were -wont, to console me under my burden of public and -personal woes, which you confess is impossible now. -For affairs are no longer in the position they were, -when, if nothing else, I thought I had companions and -partners in my policy. For all those in Achaia and in -Asia, who petitioned for pardon and did not obtain -it, and even some of those who did, are said to be on -the point of sailing for Africa. So I have no one to -share my fault except Laelius, and even he is in a -better position than I am in one respect, as he has -been taken back now.<a name="FNanchor_180_180" id="FNanchor_180_180"></a><a href="#Footnote_180_180" class="fnanchor">[180]</a> But about me I have no -doubt that Caesar has written to Balbus and Oppius: -if the news had been good, I should have heard from -them and they would have spoken to you too. I -should like you to speak to them about it and to let -me know what they say, not that any safeguard -given by him can have any certainty, but still something -can be foreseen and provided for. Though I -am ashamed to look anyone in the face, especially -with such a son-in-law, still in this disastrous crisis I -see nothing else to wish for. Quintus is still keeping -on, as both Pansa and Hirtius have written to tell -me; and he is said too to be making for Africa with -the rest. I will write to Minucius at Tarentum, and -send your letter: I will let you know whether anything -comes of it. I should have been surprised that</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_180_180" id="Footnote_180_180"></a><a href="#FNanchor_180_180"><span class="label">[180]</span></a> By the loyalist party.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_396" id="Page_396">[Pg 396]</a></span></p> - -<p>Fufidianis praediis. Sed avide tamen<a name="FNanchor_181_181" id="FNanchor_181_181"></a><a href="#Footnote_181_181" class="fnanchor">[181]</a> te exspecto; -quem videre, si ullo modo potest (poscit enim res), -pervelim. Iam extremum concluditur; quod quale -sit, ibi facile est,<a name="FNanchor_182_182" id="FNanchor_182_182"></a><a href="#Footnote_182_182" class="fnanchor">[182]</a> hic gravius existimare. Vale.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_181_181" id="Footnote_181_181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_181_181"><span class="label">[181]</span></a> Sed avide tamen te <em>Wesenberg</em>: et advideo tamen <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_182_182" id="Footnote_182_182"></a><a href="#FNanchor_182_182"><span class="label">[182]</span></a> quod quale sit, ibi facile est <em>Purser</em>: ibi facile est, quod -quale sit <em>MSS.</em></p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. -Brundisi -prid. Id. -Mai. a. 707</em></div> - -<p>Quoniam iustas causas adfers, cur te hoc tempore -videre non possim, quaere, quaeso, quid sit mihi -faciendum. Ille enim ita videtur Alexandream tenere, -ut eum scribere etiam pudeat de illis rebus, hi -autem ex Africa iam adfuturi videntur, Achaici, item -ex Asia redituri ad eos aut libero aliquo loco commoraturi. -Quid mihi igitur putas agendum? Video -difficile esse consilium. Sum enim solus aut cum -altero, cui neque ad illos reditus sit neque ab his -ipsis quicquam ad spem ostendatur. Sed tamen -scire velim, quid censeas; idque erat cum aliis, cur -te, si fieri posset, cuperem videre.</p> - -<p>Minucium <span class="bt">XII</span> sola curasse scripsi ad te antea. -Quod superest, velim videas, ut curetur. Quintus -non modo non cum magna prece ad me, sed acerbissime -scripsit, filius vero mirifico odio. Nihil fingi</p> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_397" id="Page_397">[Pg 397]</a></span></p> - -<p>you were able to raise the £250,<a name="FNanchor_183_183" id="FNanchor_183_183"></a><a href="#Footnote_183_183" class="fnanchor">[183]</a> if there had not -been a good receipt from Fufidius' estates. However -I am looking forward eagerly to your coming: it is -my great desire to see you, if it is anyhow possible—for -indeed circumstances demand it. The end is -now drawing near; and, what it will be, it is easy to -estimate at Rome, but here it is more difficult. -Farewell.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_183_183" id="Footnote_183_183"></a><a href="#FNanchor_183_183"><span class="label">[183]</span></a> 30,000 sesterces.</p></div> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -May 14</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>47</em></div> - -<p>Since you give good reasons why I cannot see you -at the present time, pray consider what I am to do. -For although Caesar holds Alexandria, he seems to -be ashamed even to send a dispatch about it, while -the others are apparently on the eve of coming here -from Africa, and those in Achaia too are either going -to return from Asia to join them or they are going to -stop in some neutral place. So what do you think I -am to do? I see advice is difficult. For I am the -one and only person—except perhaps one other, -who cannot return to the one party and who has no -hope at all offered him from the other. Still I -should like to know what you think: and that -was one reason, among others, why I should have -liked to see you, if it were possible.</p> - -<p>I told you before that Minucius has only paid -£100.<a name="FNanchor_184_184" id="FNanchor_184_184"></a><a href="#Footnote_184_184" class="fnanchor">[184]</a> Please see that the rest is provided. Quintus -in his letter instead of an earnest appeal used -the most bitter language, and his son showed extraordinary -animosity. There is no conceivable ill</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_184_184" id="Footnote_184_184"></a><a href="#FNanchor_184_184"><span class="label">[184]</span></a> 12,000 sesterces.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_398" id="Page_398">[Pg 398]</a></span></p> - -<p>potest mali, quo non urgear. Omnia tamen sunt -faciliora quam peccati dolor, qui et maximus est et -aeternus. Cuius peccati si socios essem habiturus -ego, quos putavi, tamen esset ea consolatio tenuis. -Sed habet aliorum omnium ratio exitum, mea nullum. -Alii capti, alii interclusi non veniunt in dubium -de voluntate, eo minus scilicet, cum se expedierint -et una esse coeperint. Ei autem ipsi, qui sua voluntate -ad Fufium venerunt, nihil possunt nisi timidi -existimari. Multi autem sunt, qui, quocumque modo -ad illos se recipere volent, recipientur. Quo minus -debes mirari non posse me tanto dolori resistere. -Solius enim meum peccatum corrigi non potest et -fortasse Laeli. Sed quid me id levat? Nam C. -quidem Cassium aiunt consilium Alexandream eundi -mutavisse.</p> - -<p>Haec ad te scribo, non ut queas tu demere<a name="FNanchor_185_185" id="FNanchor_185_185"></a><a href="#Footnote_185_185" class="fnanchor">[185]</a> sollicitudinem, -sed ut cognoscam, ecquid tu ad ea adferas, -quae me conficiunt; ad quae gener accedit et cetera, -quae fletu reprimor ne scribam. Quin etiam Aesopi -filius me excruciat. Prorsus nihil abest, quin sim -miserrimus. Sed ad primum revertor, quid putes -faciendum, occultene aliquo propius veniendum an</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_185_185" id="Footnote_185_185"></a><a href="#FNanchor_185_185"><span class="label">[185]</span></a> queas tu demere <em>M</em> (<em>margin</em>): quem tuam demere <em>M</em>.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_399" id="Page_399">[Pg 399]</a></span></p> - -<p>with which I am not oppressed. But all of them are -lighter to bear than my sense of guilt: that is overwhelming -and enduring. If I were to have those, -whom I thought I had, to share that guilt, that -would still be some consolation, though a poor one. -But every one else's case admits of some way out, -mine of none. Some were captured, some cut off, so -there is no doubt about their intentions, especially -since they have extricated themselves and joined -forces again. Nay even those, who of their own free -will came to Fufius,<a name="FNanchor_186_186" id="FNanchor_186_186"></a><a href="#Footnote_186_186" class="fnanchor">[186]</a> can only be thought cowards. -But there are many who will be taken back, however -they choose to take themselves back to the fold. -So you ought not to be surprised that I cannot bear -up against all my sorrow. For I am the one and -only person whose slip cannot be mended, except -perhaps Laelius—and what good is that?—for they -say even C. Cassius has changed his mind about going -to Alexandria.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_186_186" id="Footnote_186_186"></a><a href="#FNanchor_186_186"><span class="label">[186]</span></a> Q. Fufius Calenus was appointed governor of Greece -after Pharsalia by Caesar, and many Pompeians surrendered -to him.</p></div> - -<p>This I am writing to you not in the hope that you -may remove my care, but to know whether you have -any suggestion to make about the things that are -wearing me out: to the rest you may add my son-in-law -and other things which tears prevent me from -writing. Why, even Aesopus'<a name="FNanchor_187_187" id="FNanchor_187_187"></a><a href="#Footnote_187_187" class="fnanchor">[187]</a> son grieves me sorely. -There is absolutely nothing wanting to make me -the most miserable of men. But I return to the first -point. What do you think I ought to do, come secretly</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_187_187" id="Footnote_187_187"></a><a href="#FNanchor_187_187"><span class="label">[187]</span></a> Aesopus was a famous tragic actor and a friend of Cicero. -His son was dissolute and supposed to have a bad influence -on Dolabella.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_400" id="Page_400">[Pg 400]</a></span></p> - -<p>mare transeundum. Nam hic maneri diutius non -potest.</p> - -<p>De Fufidianis quare nihil potuit confici? Genus -enim condicionis eius modi fuit, in quo non solet -esse controversia, cum ea pars, quae videtur esse -minor, licitatione expleri posset. Hoc ego non sine -causa quaero. Suspicor enim coheredes dubiam -nostram causam putare et eo rem in integro esse -malle. Vale.</p> - -<p>Pr. Idus Maias.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Brundisi -III -Non. Iun. -a. 707</em></div> - -<p>Non meo vitio fit hoc quidem tempore (ante enim -est peccatum), ut me ista epistula nihil consoletur. -Nam et exigue scripta est et suspiciones magnas -habet non esse ab illo; quas animadvertisse te existimo. -De obviam itione ita faciam, ut suades. -Neque enim ulla de adventu eius opinio est, neque, -si qui ex Asia veniunt, quicquam auditum esse dicunt -de pace; cuius ego spe in hanc fraudem incidi.</p> - -<p>Nihil video, quod sperandum putem, nunc praesertim, -cum ea plaga in Asia sit accepta, in Illyrico, in -Cassiano negotio, in ipsa Alexandrea, in urbe, in -Italia. Ego vero, etiamsi rediturus ille est, qui adhuc</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_401" id="Page_401">[Pg 401]</a></span></p> - -<p>somewhere nearer Rome, or cross the sea? For stay -here any longer I cannot.</p> - -<p>Why could nothing be settled about Fufidius' -estate? For the arrangement was one about which -there is generally no dispute, since the share, which -seems smaller, can be made up by the proceeds of -the sale.<a name="FNanchor_188_188" id="FNanchor_188_188"></a><a href="#Footnote_188_188" class="fnanchor">[188]</a> I have a reason for asking. For I suspect -my co-heirs think my case is doubtful, and so prefer -to keep the matter open. Farewell.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_188_188" id="Footnote_188_188"></a><a href="#FNanchor_188_188"><span class="label">[188]</span></a> If property could not be divided fairly among heirs, the -indivisible part was put up for private auction among them -and the proceeds divided.</p></div> - -<p>May 14.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -June 3</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>47</em></div> - -<p>It is not my fault at the present time (for I did -commit an error before) that the letter you send<a name="FNanchor_189_189" id="FNanchor_189_189"></a><a href="#Footnote_189_189" class="fnanchor">[189]</a> -does not give me any consolation. For it is grudgingly -written, and raises great suspicion that it is not -by Caesar: I expect you noticed that too. About -going to meet him I will do as you advise. For no -one thinks he is coming, and those who come from -Asia say there has been no word of peace: and it was -hope of a peace that led me into this error.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_189_189" id="Footnote_189_189"></a><a href="#FNanchor_189_189"><span class="label">[189]</span></a> A letter purporting to come from Caesar, but later found -to be a forgery.</p></div> - -<p>I see nothing to make me think of hope, especially -now that that blow has fallen in Asia, in Illyricum, -in the Cassian affair, in Alexandria itself, in Rome -and in Italy.<a name="FNanchor_190_190" id="FNanchor_190_190"></a><a href="#Footnote_190_190" class="fnanchor">[190]</a> For my part, even if he is on his return—whereas</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_190_190" id="Footnote_190_190"></a><a href="#FNanchor_190_190"><span class="label">[190]</span></a> Cicero alludes to the defeat of Domitius Calvinus in Asia, -the failure of Aulus Gabinius in Illyricum, the insurrection -of Baetica, which forced Cassius to leave the province, -Caesar's difficulties at Alexandria, the riots in Rome, and -the mutinous state of the army in Italy.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_402" id="Page_402">[Pg 402]</a></span></p> - -<p>bellum gerere dicitur, tamen ante reditum eius negotium -confectum iri puto.</p> - -<p>Quod autem scribis quandam laetitiam bonorum -esse commotam, ut sit auditum de litteris, tu quidem -nihil praetermittis in quo putes aliquid solacii esse, -sed ego non adducor quemquam bonum ullam salutem -putare mihi tanti fuisse, ut eam peterem ab illo, -et eo minus, quod huius consilii iam ne socium quidem -habeo quemquam. Qui in Asia sunt, rerum -exitum exspectant, Achaici etiam Fufio spem deprecationis -afferunt. Horum et timor idem fuit primo -qui meus et constitutum; mora Alexandrina causam -illorum correxit, meam evertit. Quam ob rem idem -a te nunc peto quod superioribus litteris, ut, si quid -in perditis rebus dispiceres, quod mihi putares faciendum, -me moneres. Si recipior ab his, quod -vides non fieri, tamen, quoad bellum erit, quid agam -aut ubi sim, non reperio; sin iactor, eo minus. -Itaque tuas litteras exspecto, easque ut ad me sine -dubitatione scribas, rogo.</p> - -<p>Quod suades, ut ad Quintum scribam de his litteris, -facerem, si me quicquam istae litterae delectarent. -Etsi quidam scripsit ad me his verbis: "Ego -ut in his malis Patris sum non invitus; essem libentius, -si frater tuus ea de te loqueretur, quae ego -audire vellem." Quod ais illum ad te scribere me</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_403" id="Page_403">[Pg 403]</a></span></p> - -<p>he is said to be still fighting—still I -think the business will be settled before he does -return.</p> - -<p>You say, however, that some feeling of pleasure -was aroused among the loyalists when they heard of -this letter. Of course you do not omit anything in -which you think there is the least consolation, but I -cannot bring myself to believe that any of the loyalists -supposed that I prize any salvation highly enough -to beg for it of him: especially as I have not even a -single partner in this policy now. Those who are in -Asia are waiting to see how things turn out: those -in Achaia too keep holding out to Fufius the hope -that they will petition for pardon. They at first had -the same fear and the same plan as myself; but the -hitch at Alexandria improved their case and ruined -mine. So I still make the same request of you as in -former letters: if in these desperate straits you -see anything you think I ought to do, tell me of -it. If I am taken back by the loyalists, which you -see is not the case, still, so long as the war lasts, I -don't see what I am to do or where I am to stay; -still less, if I am rejected by them. So I await a -letter from you, and I beg you to write to me without -hesitation.</p> - -<p>You advise me to write to Quintus about this -letter. I would, if the letter gave me any pleasure, -though some one has written to me saying: "Considering -the evil days, I am pretty comfortable at -Patrae, and I should be more so, if your brother -would speak of you as I should like to hear him."</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_404" id="Page_404">[Pg 404]</a></span></p> - -<p>sibi nullas litteras remittere, semel ab ipso accepi. -Ad eas Cephalioni dedi, qui multos menses tempestatibus -retentus est. Quintum filium ad me acerbissime -scripsisse iam ante ad te scripsi.</p> - -<p>Extremum est, quod te orem, si putas rectum esse -et a te suscipi posse, cum Camillo communices, ut -Terentiam moneatis de testamento. Tempora monent, -ut videat, ut satis faciat, quibus debeat. Auditum -ex Philotimo est eam scelerate quaedam facere. -Credibile vix est, sed certe, si quid est, quod fieri -possit, providendum est. De omnibus rebus velim ad -me scribas, et maxime quid sentias de ea, in qua tuo -consilio egeo, etiam si nihil excogitas. Id enim -mihi erit pro desperato.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">III</span> Non. Iun.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Brundisi -prid. Id -aut Id. Iun. -a. 707</em></div> - -<p>Properantibus tabellariis alienis hanc epistulam -dedi. Eo brevior est, et quod eram missurus nostros. -Tullia mea venit ad me pr. Idus Iunias deque tua -erga se observantia benevolentiaque mihi plurima exposuit -litterasque reddidit trinas. Ego autem ex -ipsius virtute, humanitate, pietate non modo eam -voluptatem non cepi, quam capere ex singulari filia -debui, sed etiam incredibili sum dolore adfectus tale -ingenium in tam misera fortuna versari idque accidere</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_405" id="Page_405">[Pg 405]</a></span></p> - -<p>As to his writing to you to say that I don't answer -any of his letters, I've only had one from him. To -that I gave an answer to Cephalio, but he was delayed -many months by storms. I have already -mentioned that young Quintus has written to me -most bitterly.</p> - -<p>The last thing I have to ask you is, that, if you -think it right and care to undertake it, you and -Camillus together should advise Terentia to make -her will. Circumstances suggest that she ought to -make provision for satisfying her creditors. I hear -from Philotimus that she is doing some underhand -things. I can hardly believe it; but anyhow, if -there is anything of the kind (and there possibly may -be), it ought to be guarded against. Please write -to me about everything, and especially what you -think about her. I want your advice about her, -even if you cannot think of any plan: for in that -case I shall take it the case is desperate.</p> - -<p>June 3.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -June 12 or -13</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>47</em></div> - -<p>I have given this letter to some one else's messengers, -who are in a hurry. That is why it is short; -also because I am just going to send my own. Tullia -came to me on the 12th of June and told me of all -your attention and kindness to her and delivered -three letters. I however have not derived the pleasure -from her goodness, kindness and affection, -which I ought to derive from a matchless daughter, -nay, my grief exceeds all bounds when I think that -such a fine character should be involved in such a</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_406" id="Page_406">[Pg 406]</a></span></p> - -<p>nullo ipsius delicto summa culpa mea. Itaque a te -neque consolationem iam, qua cupere te uti video, -nec consilium, quod capi nullum potest, exspecto, -teque omnia cum superioribus saepe litteris tam -proximis temptasse intellego.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>Ep. XVIIa<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. -Brundisi -XVII K. -Quint. a. 707</em></div> - -<p>Ego cum Sallustio Ciceronem ad Caesarem mittere -cogitabam; Tulliam autem non videbam esse causam -cur diutius mecum tanto in communi maerore retinerem. -Itaque matri eam, cum primum per ipsam liceret, -eram remissurus. Pro ea, quam ad modum consolantis -scripsisti, putato ea me scripsisse, quae tu ipse -intellegis responderi potuisse.</p> - -<p>Quod Oppium tecum scribis locutum, non abhorret -a mea suspicione eius oratio. Sed non dubito, quin -istis persuaderi nullo modo possit ea, quae faciant, -mihi probari posse, quoquo modo loquar. Ego tamen -utar moderatione, qua potero; quamquam, quid mea -intersit, ut eorum odium subeam, non intellego.</p> - -<p>Te iusta causa impediri, quo minus ad nos venias, -video, idque mihi valde molestum est. Illum ab Alexandrea -discessisse nemo nuntiat, constatque ne profectum -quidem illim quemquam post Idus Martias nec -post Idus Decembr. ab illo datas ullas litteras. Ex -quo intellegis illud de litteris a. d. <span class="smcap">V</span> Idus Febr. datis,</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_407" id="Page_407">[Pg 407]</a></span></p> - -<p>distressful fate, and that this should happen through -no fault of hers, but through my own grave error. -So I do not expect any consolation from you now, -though I see you are ready to offer it, nor any counsel, -since none can be taken: and I realize that you -have tried every way in your former letters and in -these last.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVIIa<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -June 14</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>47</em></div> - -<p>I am thinking of sending my son with Sallustius to -Caesar. As for Tullia, I see no reason for keeping -her with me any longer when both of us are in such -sorrow: so I am going to send her back to her mother, -as soon as she herself will allow me. In return for -the letter which you wrote in a consolatory style, -please consider that I have made the only answer, -which, as you yourself know, was possible.</p> - -<p>You tell me Oppius has had a talk with you: and -what you say agrees well enough with my suspicions -of him. But I feel sure that party<a name="FNanchor_191_191" id="FNanchor_191_191"></a><a href="#Footnote_191_191" class="fnanchor">[191]</a> can never be convinced -that their actions can possibly win my approval, -whatever I may say. However, I will be as moderate -as I can: though, what difference it makes to me, if I -do incur their enmity, I cannot conceive.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_191_191" id="Footnote_191_191"></a><a href="#FNanchor_191_191"><span class="label">[191]</span></a> Caesar's followers.</p></div> - -<p>I see you have a good reason for not being able to -come to me: and I am very sorry that is so. There -is no news that Caesar has left Alexandria; and it is -well known that no one at all has left that place since -the 15th of March, and that he has despatched no -letters since the 13th of December. So you see it -was quite untrue about the letter dated Febr. 9,</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_408" id="Page_408">[Pg 408]</a></span></p> - -<p>quod inane esset, etiamsi verum esset, non verum esse. -L. Terentium discessisse ex Africa scimus Paestumque -venisse. Quid is adferat aut quo modo exierit, aut -quid in Africa fiat, scire velim. Dicitur enim per Nasidium -emissus esse. Id quale sit, velim, si inveneris, -ad me scribas. De HS <span class="bt">X</span>, ut scribis, faciam. Vale.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">XVII</span> Kal. Quinctiles.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVIII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. -Brundisi -XII K. -Quint. a 707</em></div> - -<p>De illius Alexandrea discessu nihil adhuc rumoris, -contraque opinio valde esse impeditum. Itaqae nec -mitto, ut constitueram, Ciceronem, et te rogo, ut me -hinc expedias. Quodvis enim supplicium levius est -hac permansione. Hac de re et ad Antonium scripsi -et ad Balbum et ad Oppium. Sive enim bellum in -Italia futurum est, sive classibus utetur, hic esse me -minime convenit; quorum fortasse utrumque erit, alterum -certe. Intellexi omnino ex Oppi sermone, quem -tu mihi scripsisti, quae istorum ira esset, sed, ut eam -flectas, te rogo. Nihil omnino iam exspecto nisi miserum, -sed hoc perditius, in quo nunc sum, fieri nihil -potest. Quare et cum Antonio loquare velim et cum -istis et rem, ut poteris, expedias et mihi quam primum -de omnibus rebus rescribas. Vale.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">XII</span> Kal. Quinctil.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_409" id="Page_409">[Pg 409]</a></span></p> - -<p>though it would not have been of any importance, if -it had been true. I hear L. Terentius has left Africa -and come to Paestum. What news he brings, or how -he got out, or what is happening in Africa, I should -like to know. For he is said to have been passed out -through the agency of Nasidius. What it all means, -I wish you would write and tell me, if you find out. -I will do as you say about the 80 guineas.<a name="FNanchor_192_192" id="FNanchor_192_192"></a><a href="#Footnote_192_192" class="fnanchor">[192]</a> Farewell.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_192_192" id="Footnote_192_192"></a><a href="#FNanchor_192_192"><span class="label">[192]</span></a> 10,000 sesterces.</p></div> - -<p>June 14.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XVIII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -June 19</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>47</em></div> - -<p>There is no rumour of his leaving Alexandria as -yet: on the contrary, he is thought to be in great -difficulties. So I am not sending my son, as I had -arranged, and I beseech you to get me away from -here: for any punishment is lighter to bear than -staying here. On this point I have written to -Antony, to Balbus and to Oppius. For whether -there is going to be a war in Italy, or whether he -will employ his fleet—and it may be either, but one -it must be—this is a most inappropriate place for me. -I understood of course from what Oppius said according -to your letter, how angry they are with me: but -I beg you to turn their anger. I don't expect anything -now that is not unpleasant: but my present -condition is as desperate as anything can be. So -please speak with Antony and the Caesarians, and -see the matter through for me as best you can: and -let me have an answer on all points as soon as possible. -Farewell.</p> - -<p>June 14.</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_410" id="Page_410">[Pg 410]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIX<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. -Brundisi -XI K. Sext. -a. 707</em></div> - -<p>Cum tuis dare possem litteras, non praetermisi, -etsi, quod scriberem, non habebam. Tu ad nos et -rarius scribis, quam solebas, et brevius, credo, quia -nihil habes, quod me putes libenter legere aut audire -posse. Verum tamen velim, si quid erit, qualecumque -erit, scribas. Est autem unum, quod mihi sit optandum, -si quid agi de pace possit; quod nulla equidem -habeo in spe; sed, quia tu leviter interdum significas, -cogis me sperare, quod optandum vix est.</p> - -<p>Philotimus dicitur Id. Sext. Nihil habeo de illo -amplius. Tu velim ad ea mihi rescribas, quae ad te -antea scripsi. Mihi tantum temporis satis est, dura -ut in pessimis rebus aliquid caveam, qui nihil umquam -cavi. Vale.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">XI</span> Kal. Sexti.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XX<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Brundisi -XVI K. -Sept. a. 707</em></div> - -<p><span class="smcap">XVII</span> K. Septembres venerat die <span class="smcap">XXVIII</span> Seleucea -Pieria C. Trebonius, qui se Antiocheae diceret apud -Caesarem vidisse Quintum filium cum Hirtio. Eos -de Quinto, quae voluissent, impetrasse nullo quidem -negotio. Quod ego magis gauderem, si ista nobis -impetrata quicquam ad spem explorati haberent. Sed</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_411" id="Page_411">[Pg 411]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XIX<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -July 22</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>47</em></div> - -<p>As I had a chance of giving a letter to your men, -I did not miss it, though I have nothing to say. You -are writing less often than you used to do and less -fully, I suppose because you have nothing that you -think I should be glad to read or hear. However -please write, if there is anything of any kind whatever. -There is one thing that I do long for, any -possibility of a peace: myself I have no hope of such -a thing: but, as you sometimes give a slight hint, -you compel me to have some hope of what I hardly -dare long for.</p> - -<p>Philotimus is said to be coming on the 13th of -August. Of Caesar I have no further news. Please -answer my former letter. I only want time enough -to take some precaution now in my misfortunes, as I -have never taken any before. Farewell.</p> - -<p>July 22.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XX<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -Aug. 15</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>47</em></div> - -<p>On the 14th of August there arrived from Seleucea -Pieria C. Trebonius after 28 days' journey: and he said -he had seen young Quintus at Antioch in Caesar's train -with Hirtius. They had got what they wanted about -my brother without any difficulty at all. I should -feel more joy at that, if what I have got myself gave -me some sure ground for hope.<a name="FNanchor_193_193" id="FNanchor_193_193"></a><a href="#Footnote_193_193" class="fnanchor">[193]</a> But there are things</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_193_193" id="Footnote_193_193"></a><a href="#FNanchor_193_193"><span class="label">[193]</span></a> Or, as Tyrrell, "if the granting of such petitions -afforded, in my opinion, any sure basis for hope."</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_412" id="Page_412">[Pg 412]</a></span></p> - -<p>et alia timenda sunt ab aliis Quintisque, et ab hoc -ipso quae dantur ut a domino, rursus in eiusdem sunt -potestate. Etiam Sallustio ignovit. Omnino dicitur -nemini negare; quod ipsum est suspectum, notionem -eius differri. M. Gallius Q. f. mancipia Sallustio reddidit. -Is venit, ut legiones in Siciliam traduceret. -Eo protinus iturum Caesarem Patris. Quod si faciet, -ego, quod ante mallem, aliquo propius accedam. Tuas -litteras ad eas, quibus a te proxime consilium petivi, -vehementer exspecto. Vale.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">XVI</span> Kal. Septembres.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXI<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Brundisi -VI K. -Sept. a. 707</em></div> - -<p>Accepi <span class="smcap">VI</span> Kal. Sept. litteras a te datas <span class="smcap">XII</span> Kal. -doloremque, quem ex Quinti scelere iam pridem acceptum -iam abieceram, lecta eius epistula gravissimum -cepi. Tu etsi non potuisti ullo modo facere, ut mihi -illam epistulam non mitteres, tamen mallem non esse -missam.</p> - -<p>Ad ea autem, quae scribis de testamento, videbis, -quid et quo modo. De nummis et illa sic scripsit -ut ego ad te antea, et nos, si quid opus erit, utemur -ex eo, de quo scribis.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_413" id="Page_413">[Pg 413]</a></span></p> - -<p>I have to fear from the Quinti and others: and -Caesar's own regal concessions are again in his own -power to revoke. He has even pardoned Sallustius. -Indeed he is said not to deny anyone, and that -in itself arouses a suspicion that he is only deferring -investigation. M. Gallius, son of Quintus, has given -back his slaves to Sallustius. He came to transport -the legions to Sicily, and he says Caesar is going -from Patrae to Sicily. If he does, I shall come -nearer Rome, and I wish I had done so already. -I am expecting eagerly your answer to my last request -for advice. Farewell.</p> - -<p>August 15.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXI<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -Aug. 25</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>47</em></div> - -<p>On August 25 I received a letter from you dated -Aug. 19, and, on reading it, the sorrow which -possessed me long ago at Quintus' shameful conduct, -but which I had now laid aside, was reawakened -in all its force. Though you could not -possibly have helped sending me that letter, I wish -it had not been sent.</p> - -<p>For the points you mention about the will, please -see what is to be done and how. About the money, -Terentia has written to me just what I suggested to -you before, and, if I need it, I will draw on the sum -you mention.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_414" id="Page_414">[Pg 414]</a></span></p> - - -<p>Ille ad Kal. Sept. Athenis non videtur fore. Multa -eum in Asia dicuntur morari, maxime Pharnaces. -Legio <span class="smcap">XII</span>, ad quam primam Sulla venit, lapidibus -egisse hominem dicitur. Nullam putant se commoturam. -Illum arbitrabantur protinus Patris in Siciliam. -Sed, si hoc ita est, huc veniat necesse est. -Ac mallem illim; aliquo enim modo hinc evasissem. -Nunc metuo, ne sit exspectandum et cum reliquis -etiam loci gravitas huic miserrimae perferenda.</p> - -<p>Quod me mones, ut ea, quae agam, ad tempus -accommodem, facerem, si res pateretur, et si ullo -modo fieri posset. Sed in tantis nostris peccatis -tantisque nostrorum iniuriis nihil est, quod aut facere -dignum nobis aut simulare possim. Sullana confers; -in quibus omnia genere ipso praeclarissima fuerunt, -moderatione paulo minus temperata. Haec autem -eius modi sunt, ut obliviscar mei, multoque malim, -quod omnibus sit melius, quam<a name="FNanchor_194_194" id="FNanchor_194_194"></a><a href="#Footnote_194_194" class="fnanchor">[194]</a> quorum utilitati -meam adiunxi. Tu ad me tamen velim quam saepissime -scribas eoque magis, quod praeterea nemo -scribit, ac, si omnes, tuas tamen maxime exspectarem. -Quod scribis illum per me Quinto fore placatiorem, -scripsi ad te antea eum statim Quinto filio omnia -tribuisse, nostri nullam mentionem. Vale.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_194_194" id="Footnote_194_194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_194_194"><span class="label">[194]</span></a> quam <em>added by Madvig, who also altered the MSS. reading</em> -utilitatem <em>to</em> utilitati.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_415" id="Page_415">[Pg 415]</a></span></p> - - -<p>Caesar probably won't reach Athens by the 1st of -September. There are said to be many things that -keep him in Asia, especially Pharnaces. The 12th -legion, which Sulla visited first, is said to have driven -him off with stones, and it is thought none of them -will stir. Caesar it is supposed will go straight from -Patrae to Sicily. But, if so, he must come here. I -should have preferred him to go straight there, for -I should have got away from here somehow. Now -I am afraid I must wait for him, and in addition to -other afflictions my poor daughter must endure this -unhealthy climate.</p> - -<p>You advise me to make my actions fit the times. -I would, if circumstances permitted, and it were -anyhow possible. But what with all my own mistakes -and the wrongs inflicted on me by my family, -there is nothing worthy of myself that I can do or -even pretend to do. You compare Sulla's reign: -that in principle was all that could be noble, but -it was rather too lacking in moderation. The present -crisis however is such that I forget myself, and -should much prefer the public cause to win rather -than that with which my interests are bound up. -However, please write to me as often as possible, -especially as no one else writes, and, if all the world -were writing, I should still look forward to your -letters more than any. You say Caesar will be kinder -to Quintus for my sake: but I told you before he had -made every concession to young Quintus, without -mentioning me. Farewell.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_416" id="Page_416">[Pg 416]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Brundisi -circa K. -Sept. a. 707</em></div> - -<p>Diligenter mihi fasciculum reddidit Balbi tabellarius. -Accepi enim a te litteras, quibus videris vereri, -ut epistulas illas acceperim. Quas quidem vellem -mihi numquam redditas; auxerunt enim mihi dolorem, -nec, si in aliquem incidissent, quicquam novi -attulissent. Quid enim tam pervulgatum quam illius -in me odium et genus hoc litterarum? quod ne -Caesar quidem ad istos videtur misisse, quasi qui -illius improbitate offenderetur, sed, credo, uti notiora -nostra mala essent. Nam, quod te vereri scribis, ne -illi obsint, eique rei mederi, ne rogari quidem se -passus est de illo. Quod quidem mihi molestum non -est; illud molestius, istas impetrationes nostras nihil -valere.</p> - -<p>Sulla, ut opinor, cras erit hic cum Messalla. Currunt -ad illum pulsi a militibus, qui se negant usquam, -nisi acceperint. Ergo ille huc veniet, quod non putabant, -tarde quidem. Itinera enim ita facit, ut multos -dies in oppido uno<a name="FNanchor_195_195" id="FNanchor_195_195"></a><a href="#Footnote_195_195" class="fnanchor">[195]</a> ponat. Pharnaces autem, quoquo -modo aget, adferet moram. Quid mihi igitur censes? -Iam enim corpore vix sustineo gravitatem huius caeli, -quae mihi laborem adfert in dolore. An his illuc -euntibus mandem, ut me excusent, ipse accedam propius? -Quaeso, attende et me, quod adhuc saepe rogatus</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_195_195" id="Footnote_195_195"></a><a href="#FNanchor_195_195"><span class="label">[195]</span></a> oppido uno <em>Peerlkamp</em>: oppidum <em>MSS.</em></p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_417" id="Page_417">[Pg 417]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -circa Sept. 1</em>, -<span class="smcap">B.C.</span> <em>47</em></div> - -<p>Balbus' letter-carrier delivered the packet quite -promptly. For I have got a letter from you in -which you seem to doubt whether I received those -letters. I wish they had never been delivered: for -they increased my sorrow, and, if they had fallen into -anyone's hands, they would not have told them anything -new. For his hatred of me and the kind of -letters he writes are common knowledge. Even -Caesar, when he sent them to your friends, seems to -have done it, not to show his annoyance at Quintus' -disgraceful conduct, but, I suppose, to make my -misfortunes better known. You say you are afraid -they may do Quintus some harm, and you are trying -to remedy it. Why, Caesar did not even wait to be -asked about him. That does not annoy me: what is -more annoying is that the favours granted to me have -no sterling value.</p> - -<p>Sulla, I believe, will be here to-morrow with Messalla. -They are hurrying to him, hounded away by -the soldiers, who refuse to go anywhere, until they -get their pay. So, though people thought he would -not, he will be coming here; but not in a hurry. For -he is travelling slowly, and he is stopping many days -in each town. Then, however he manages things, -Pharnaces must delay him. So what do you think -about me? For already I am scarcely capable physically -of bearing this bad climate, which adds ill-health -to my troubles. Shall I commission these -people, who are going to him, to make my excuses, -and come nearer Rome? Please give the point your</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_418" id="Page_418">[Pg 418]</a></span></p> - -<p>non fecisti, consilio iuva. Scio rem difficilem -esse, sed ut in malis etiam illud mea magni interest, -te ut videam. Profecto aliquid profecero, si id acciderit. -De testamento, ut scribis, animadvertes.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXIII<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. Brundisi -VII Id. -Quint. a. 707</em></div> - -<p>Quod ad te scripseram ut cum Camillo communicares, -de eo Camillus mihi scripsit te secum locutum. -Tuas litteras exspectabam; nisi illud quidem mutari, -si aliter est et oportet, non video posse. Sed, cum -ab illo accepissem litteras, desideravi tuas (etsi putabam -te certiorem factum non esse), modo valeres; -scripseras enim te quodam valetudinis genere temptari.</p> - -<p>Agusius quidam Rhodo venerat <span class="smcap">VIII</span> Idus Quinct. -Is nuntiabat Quintum filium ad Caesarem profectum -<span class="smcap">IIII</span> Kal. Iun., Philotimum Rhodum pridie eam diem -venisse, habere ad me litteras. Ipsum Agusium audies. -Sed tardius iter faciebat. Eo feci, ut celeriter -eunti darem. Quid sit in iis litteris, nescio, sed -mihi valde Quintus frater gratulatur. Equidem in -meo tanto peccato nihil ne cogitatione quidem adsequi -possum, quod mihi tolerabile possit esse. Te oro</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_419" id="Page_419">[Pg 419]</a></span></p> - -<p>attention and help me with your advice, which you -have not done in spite of many requests. I know it -is a knotty question: but, as there is a choice of -evils, the mere sight of you is something to me. If -I get that, I shall have made some advance. Please -attend to the will, as you promise.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXIII<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -July 9</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> -<em>47</em></div> - -<p>Camillus has written to me saying that you have -spoken to him on the subject about which I suggested -you should consult with him. Now I am -expecting a letter from you: only I don't see how -the thing is to be changed, if it is not as it ought to -be. But, when I got a letter from him, I looked for -one from you, though I suppose you did not know -the post was going. I only hope you are well: -for you said you had an attack of some kind of -illness.</p> - -<p>A man of the name of Agusius came from Rhodes -on the 8th of July. He tells me young Quintus set -out to go to Caesar on May 29th, and Philotimus -arrived at Rhodes the day before with a letter for me. -You will hear Agusius himself: but he is travelling -rather slowly. So I arranged to give this to some -one who was going more quickly. What there is in -that letter, I don't know, but my brother Quintus -offers me hearty congratulations. For my part after -my great mistake I cannot even imagine anything -that can possibly be endurable to me. I beg you to</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_420" id="Page_420">[Pg 420]</a></span></p> - -<p>ut de hac misera cogites, et illud, de quo ad te proxime -scripsi, ut aliquid conficiatur ad inopiam propulsandam, -et etiam de ipso testamento. Illud quoque -vellem antea, sed omnia timuimus. Melius quidem -in pessimis nihil fuit discidio. Aliquid fecissemus ut -viri vel tabularum novarum nomine vel nocturnarum -expugnationum vel Metellae vel omnium malorum; -nec res perisset, et videremur aliquid doloris virilis -habuisse. Memini omnino tuas litteras, sed et tempus -illud; etsi quidvis praestitit. Nunc quidem ipse -videtur denuntiare; audimus enim de statua Clodi. -Generumne nostrum potissimum vel hoc vel tabulas -novas! Placet mihi igitur et item tibi nuntium remitti. -Petet fortasse tertiam pensionem. Considera -igitur, tumne, cum ab ipso nascetur, an prius. Ego, -si ullo modo potuero, vel nocturnis itineribus experiar, -ut te videam. Tu et haec, et si quid erit, quod intersit -mea scire, scribas velim. Vale.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_421" id="Page_421">[Pg 421]</a></span></p> - -<p>think of my poor girl, both as regards the point -about which I wrote lately—making some arrangement -to avoid destitution—and also as regards the -will itself. The other thing too I wish I had -attended to before; but I was afraid of everything. -In this very bad business there was nothing -better than a divorce. I should have done something -like a man, either on the score of his cancelling -of debts or his night attacks on houses, or -Metella or all his sins together: I should not have -lost the money, and I should have shown some manly -spirit. I remember of course your letter, but I -remember the circumstances too: still anything -would have been better than this. Now he seems -to be giving notice of divorce himself; for I have -heard about the statue of Clodius. To think that a -son-in-law of mine above all people should do such -a thing as that, or abolish debts! So I agree with -you we must serve a notice of divorce on him. Perhaps -he will ask for the third instalment of the -dowry. So consider whether we should wait for a -move of his or act first.<a name="FNanchor_196_196" id="FNanchor_196_196"></a><a href="#Footnote_196_196" class="fnanchor">[196]</a> If I can possibly manage -it, even by night journeys, I will try to see you. -Please write to me about this and anything else it -may interest me to know. Farewell.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_196_196" id="Footnote_196_196"></a><a href="#FNanchor_196_196"><span class="label">[196]</span></a> If Dolabella started the divorce proceedings, he could -not claim the rest of the dowry, and would have to refund -what had already been paid. If Tullia began them, part at -least of the dowry would remain with him, unless she could -prove misconduct.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_422" id="Page_422">[Pg 422]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXIV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. -Brundisi -VIII Id. -Sext. a. 707</em></div> - -<p>Quae dudum ad me et (quae etiam ad me vis) ad -Tulliam de me scripsisti, ea sentio esse vera. Eo -sum miserior, etsi nihil videbatur addi posse, quod -mihi non modo irasci gravissima iniuria accepta, sed -ne dolere quidem impune licet. Quare istuc feramus. -Quod cum tulerimus, tamen eadem erunt perpetienda, -quae tu ne accidant ut caveamus mones. Ea enim -est a nobis contracta culpa, ut omni statu omnique -populo eundem exitum habitura videatur.</p> - -<p>Sed ad meam manum redeo; erunt enim haec occultius -agenda. Vide, quaeso, etiam nunc de testamento, -quod tum factum cum illa haerere coeperat. -Non, credo, te commovit; neque enim rogavit ne me -quidem. Sed, quasi ita sit, quoniam in sermonem -iam venisti, poteris eam monere, ut alicui committat, -cuius extra periculum huius belli fortuna sit. Equidem -tibi potissimum velim, si idem illa vellet. Quam quidem -celo miseram me hoc timere.</p> - -<p>De illo altero scio equidem venire nunc nil posse, -sed seponi et occultari possunt, ut extra ruinam sint -eam, quae impendet. Nam, quod scribis nobis nostra</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_423" id="Page_423">[Pg 423]</a></span></p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXIV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -Aug. 6</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> -<em>47</em></div> - -<p>What you wrote to me some time ago and to -Tullia too about me, with the intention that it should -be passed on to me, I feel to be true. It adds to my -misery, though I thought nothing could be added, -that, when I have received the deepest injury, I -cannot show anger or even annoyance with impunity. -So I must put up with that. And when I have borne -that blow, I shall still have to suffer what you warn -me to guard against. For I have got myself into -such trouble, that, whatever the state of affairs or the -feelings of the people may be, the result for me apparently -will be the same.</p> - -<p>But here I take the pen myself; for I shall have -to deal with confidential matters. Please see to the -will even now, as it was made when she had begun -to get into difficulties. She did not bother you, I -think; for she did not even ask me about it. But, -supposing that is so, since you have broached the -subject already, you will be able to advise her to deposit -it with some one whose position is not affected -by this war. Myself I would rather you were the -person, if she agrees to that. The fact is I am -keeping the poor woman in the dark as to that fear -of mine.<a name="FNanchor_197_197" id="FNanchor_197_197"></a><a href="#Footnote_197_197" class="fnanchor">[197]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_197_197" id="Footnote_197_197"></a><a href="#FNanchor_197_197"><span class="label">[197]</span></a> That her property would be confiscated.</p></div> - -<p>For that other matter, I know of course that -nothing can be put up for sale now, but things -could be put away and hidden, so that they escape -the crash which is threatening. For, when you</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_424" id="Page_424">[Pg 424]</a></span></p> - -<p>et tua Tulliae fore parata, tua credo, nostra quae -poterunt esse? De Terentia autem (mitto cetera, -quae sunt innumerabilia) quid ad hoc addi potest? -Scripseras, ut HS <span class="bt">XII</span> permutaret; tantum esse -reliquum de argento. Misit illa CCIↃↃ mihi et adscripsit -tantum esse reliquum. Cum hoc tam -parvum de parvo detraxerit, perspicis, quid in -maxima re fecerit.</p> - -<p>Philotimus non modo nullus venit, sed ne per litteras -quidem aut per nuntium certiorem facit me, -quid egerit. Epheso qui veniunt, ibi se eum de suis -controversiis in ius adeuntem vidisse nuntiant; quae -quidem (ita enim veri simile est) in adventum Caesaris -fortasse reiciuntur. Ita aut nihil puto eum habere, -quod putet ad me celerius perferendum, aut adeo me -in malis esse despectum, ut, etiamsi quid habet, id -nisi omnibus suis negotiis confectis ad me referre non -curet. Ex quo magnum equidem capio dolorem, sed -non tantum, quantum videor debere. Nihil enim mea -minus interesse puto, quam quid illinc adferatur. Id -quam ob rem, te intellegere certo scio.</p> - -<p>Quod me mones de vultu et oratione ad tempus -accommodanda, etsi difficile est, tamen imperarem -mihi, a mea quicquam interesse putarem. Quod -scribis litteris putare te Africanum negotium confici -posse, vellem scriberes, cur ita putares; mihi quidem -nihil in mentem venit, quare id putem fieri posse. -Tu tamen velim, si quid erit, quod consolationis aliquid</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_425" id="Page_425">[Pg 425]</a></span></p> - -<p>write that my fortune and yours are at Tullia's service, -I believe you as to yours, but what can there -be of mine? Now as to Terentia, I omit lots of -other things, for what can one add to this? You -wrote to her to remit me by bill of exchange £100, -saying that was the balance. She sent me 80 guineas,<a name="FNanchor_198_198" id="FNanchor_198_198"></a><a href="#Footnote_198_198" class="fnanchor">[198]</a> -adding that that was all the balance. If she purloins -so trifling an amount from so small a total, you can see -what she has been doing in the case of larger sums.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_198_198" id="Footnote_198_198"></a><a href="#FNanchor_198_198"><span class="label">[198]</span></a> 12,000 and 10,000 sesterces respectively.</p></div> - -<p>Not a trace of Philotimus as yet: nay, he has not -even informed me by letter or messenger what he -has done. Those who come from Ephesus say they -saw him there going into court about some lawsuits -of his own, which possibly—indeed in all probability—are -deferred till Caesar's arrival. So I suppose -he either has nothing which he thinks he need hurry -to bring to me, or I have sunk so low in my misfortunes -that, even if he has, he does not take the -trouble to bring it until he has finished all his own -business. And that causes me considerable annoyance, -but not so much as I think it ought. For I -don't think anything matters much less to me than -what answer he brings back from that quarter. Why, -I am quite sure you know.</p> - -<p>You advise me to mould my looks and words according -to circumstances. It is difficult, but I would -put a rein on myself, if I thought it mattered to me -at all. You say you think the African business can -be arranged by an interchange of letters: I wish you -would say, why you think so: for I can't imagine any -reason for thinking it possible. However please -write to me, if there is anything that would give me</p> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_426" id="Page_426">[Pg 426]</a></span></p> - -<p>habeat, scribas ad me; sin, ut perspicio, nihil -erit, scribas id ipsum. Ego ad te, si quid audiero -citius, scribam. Vale.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">VIII</span> Idus Sextil.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXV<br /> - -CICERO ATTICO SAL.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-latin"><em>Scr. -Brundisi III -Non. Quint. -a. 707</em></div> - -<p>Facile adsentior tuis litteris, quibus exponis pluribus -verbis nullum consistere consilium, quo a te possim -iuvari. Consolatio certe nulla est, quae levare -possit dolorem meum. Nihil est enim contractum -casu (nam id esset ferendum), sed omnia fecimus eis -erroribus et miseriis et animi et corporis, quibus -proximi utinam mederi maluissent! Quam ob rem, -quoniam neque consilii tui neque consolationis cuiusquam -spes ulla mihi ostenditur, non quaeram haec a -te posthac; tantum velim, ne intermittas, scribas ad -me, quicquid veniet tibi in mentem, cum habebis, cui -des, et dum erit, ad quem des; quod longum non erit.</p> - -<p>Illum discessisse Alexandria rumor est non firmus -ortus ex Sulpici litteris; quas cuncti postea nuntii -confirmarunt. Quod verum an falsum sit, quoniam -mea nihil interest, utrum malim, nescio.</p> - -<p>Quod ad te iam pridem de testamento scripsi, -apud εὔπιστόν τινα velim ut possit adservari.<a name="FNanchor_199_199" id="FNanchor_199_199"></a><a href="#Footnote_199_199" class="fnanchor">[199]</a> Ego -huius miserrumae fatuitate confectus conflictor. Nihil</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_199_199" id="Footnote_199_199"></a><a href="#FNanchor_199_199"><span class="label">[199]</span></a> <em>The MSS. read</em> apud epistolas velim ut possim adversas. -<em>I have followed Boot's emendation, though with doubt. -Shuckburgh suggests</em> apud vestales velim depositum adservari.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_427" id="Page_427">[Pg 427]</a></span></p> - -<p>a crumb of comfort: but, if, as I see is the case, there -is nothing, write and tell me that. If I hear anything -first I will write to you. Farewell.</p> - -<p>August 6.</p> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h3>XXV<br /> - -CICERO TO ATTICUS, GREETING.</h3> - - -<div class="sidenote-english"><em>Brundisium, -July 5</em>, <span class="smcap">B.C.</span> -<em>47</em></div> - -<p>I can quite believe what you explain at some -length in your letter, that no advice of yours can -assist me: and certainly there is no consolation -which can relieve my sorrow. For none of my misfortunes -has come upon me by fate—that would have -been endurable—but I have brought all on myself by -my mistakes and my mental and bodily afflictions, -which I only wish my nearest and dearest had -thought fit to remedy. So, as there is no hope of -any advice from you or any consolation, I will not -ask for them henceforth: only please do not cease -from writing to me anything that may occur to you, -when you have anyone to send it by, and so long as -there is anyone to send it to; which will not be long.</p> - -<p>There is a rumour, though not a very certain one, -that Caesar has left Alexandria. It came first from a -letter of Sulpicius, and has been confirmed by all -subsequent messengers. Whether to prefer it to be -false or true, I don't know, as it does not matter to -me.</p> - -<p>As I told you already about the will I should like -it to be preserved in a safe place.<a name="FNanchor_200_200" id="FNanchor_200_200"></a><a href="#Footnote_200_200" class="fnanchor">[200]</a> I am worn out -and harassed by the infatuation of my unhappy -daughter. I don't think there ever was such a child</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_200_200" id="Footnote_200_200"></a><a href="#FNanchor_200_200"><span class="label">[200]</span></a> This seems to be the sense, though the reading is doubtful.</p></div> - -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="new-parallel-page"> -<div class="latin-page" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> -<p><span class="pagenum-even"><a name="Page_428" id="Page_428">[Pg 428]</a></span></p> - -<p>umquam simile natum puto. Cui si qua re consulere -aliquid possum, cupio a te admoneri. Video -eandem esse difficultatem quam in consilio dando ante. -Tamen hoc me magis sollicitat quam omnia. In pensione -secunda caeci fuimus. Aliud mallem; sed praeteriit. -Te oro, ut in perditis rebus si quid cogi, confici -potest, quod sit in tuto, ex argento atque satis -multa ex supellectile, des operam. Iam enim mihi -videtur adesse extremum nec ulla fore condicio pacis -eaque, quae sunt, etiam sine adversario peritura. Haec -etiam, si videbitur, cum Terentia loquere opportune. -Non queo omnia scribere. Vale.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">III</span> Non. Quinctil.</p> -</div> <!-- end latin-page --> -<div class="english-page"> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_429" id="Page_429">[Pg 429]</a></span></p> - -<p>of misfortune. If I can do anything for her in any -way, I wish you would suggest it to me. I see there -will be the same difficulty as there was before in -giving me advice: but this causes me more anxiety -than anything. It was blind of me to pay the second -instalment. I wish I had not: but that is over and -done with. I beg you to do your best, as it is in the -last extremity, to collect and get together what you -can from the sale of plate and furniture, of which -there is a good deal, and put it in a safe place. For -now I think the end is near, there will be no peace -negotiations, and the present government will collapse -even without an adversary. As to this speak -to Terentia too at your convenience, if you think fit. -I cannot write everything. Farewell.</p> - -<p>July 5.</p> -</div> <!-- end english-page --> -</div> <!-- end new-parallel-page --> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2>CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER OF THE LETTERS.<a name="FNanchor_201_201" id="FNanchor_201_201"></a><a href="#Footnote_201_201" class="fnanchor">[201]</a><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_430" id="Page_430">[Pg 430]</a><br /><a name="Page_431" id="Page_431">[Pg 431]</a></span></h2> - - -<div class="center"> -<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER OF THE LETTERS."> -<tfoot> - <tr> - <td colspan="2" class="footnote"> - - <a name="Footnote_201_201" id="Footnote_201_201"></a><a href="#FNanchor_201_201"><span class="label">[201]</span></a> In many cases the dates and the order are only approximate, and - authorities differ about them. I have generally accepted the dates given - in the Teubner edition.</td> - </tr> -</tfoot> -<tbody> - <tr> - <td rowspan="24" class="tdr">VII.</td> - <td>1 October 16, 50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>2 November 26, 50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>3 December 9, 50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>4 December 10 or 11, 50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>5 December 16, 50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>6 December 17, 50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>7 December 18-21, 50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>8 December 25 or 26, 50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>9 December 26 or 27, 50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>10 January 17 or 18, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>11 January 17-22, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>12 January 21, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>13 January 22, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>13a January 23, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>14 January 25, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>15 January 26, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>16 January 28, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>17 February 2, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>18 February 3, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>19 February 3, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>20 February 5, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>21 February 8, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>22 February 8 or 9, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>23 February 9 or 10, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td rowspan="1" class="tdr">VIII. </td> - <td>11a February 10, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td rowspan="2" class="tdr">VII.</td> - <td>24 February 10, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>25 February 10 or 11, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td rowspan="1" class="tdr">VIII. </td> - <td>12b February 11 or 12, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td rowspan="1" class="tdr">VII.</td> - <td>26 February 15, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td rowspan="19" class="tdr">VIII. </td> - <td>11b February 16, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1 February 16, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>12c February 16, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>12d February 17, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>2 February 17, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>12a February 17 or 18, 48</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>3 February 18, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>11c February 20, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>6 February 21 (?), 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>4 February 22, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>5 February 23 (?), 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>7 February 23 (?), 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>8 February 24, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>9 February 25, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>10 February 26, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>11 February 27, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>11d February 27, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>12 February 28, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>15a February, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td rowspan="1" class="tdr">IX.</td> - <td>7c February (?), 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td rowspan="4" class="tdr">VIII.</td> - <td>13 March 1, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>14 March 2, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>15 March 3, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>16 March 4, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td rowspan="25" class="tdr">IX.</td> - <td>1 March 6, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>2 March 7, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>2a March 8, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>6a March, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>3 March 9, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>5 March 10, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>7a March 10 or 11, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>6 March 11, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>7b March 11 or 12, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>4 March 12, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>7 March 13, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>8 March 14, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>9 March 17, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>10 March 18, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>11a March 19, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>11 March 20, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>12 March 20, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>13a March 23 (?), 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>13 March 24, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>14 March 25, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>15 March 25, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>16 March 26, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>17 March 27, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>18 March 28, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>19 March 31, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td rowspan="23" class="tdr">X.</td> - <td>1 April 3, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>2 April 6, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>3 April 7, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>3a April 7, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>4 April 14, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>5 April 16, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>9a April 16, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>8b April, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>6 April, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>7 April 22(?), 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>8a April, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>8 May 2, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>9 May 3, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>10 May 3, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>11 May 4, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>12 May 5, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>12a May 6, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>13 May 7, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>14 May 8, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>15 May 12, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_432" id="Page_432">[Pg 432]</a></span> - 16 May 14, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>17 May 16, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>18 May 19 or 20, 49</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td rowspan="27" class="tdr">XI.</td> - <td>1 January, 48</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>2 March, 48</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>3 June 13, 48</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>4a June 15-19, 48</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>4 July 15, 48</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>5 November 4, 48</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>6 November 27, 48</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>7 December 17, 48</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>8 December 18, 48</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>9 January 3, 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>10 January 19, 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>11 March 8, 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>12 March 8, 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>13 March 9 (?), 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>14 April 25 (?), 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>15 May 14, 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>16 June 3, 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>17 June 12 or 13, 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>17a June 14, 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>18 June 19, 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>25 July 5, 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>23 July 9, 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>19 July 22, 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>24 August 6, 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>20 August 15, 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>21 August 25, 47</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>22 September 1 (?), 47</td> - </tr> -</tbody> -</table></div> -<div class="chapter"><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_433" id="Page_433">[Pg 433]</a></span></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2>INDEX OF NAMES</h2> - - -<p class="center">[<em>The references are to the pages of Latin text.</em>] -</p> - - - -<ul id="index"><li class="ifrst">Ἀβδηριτικόν, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> - -<li>Acastus, <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> - -<li>Achaia, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>, <a href="#Page_386">386</a></li> - -<li>Achaici, <a href="#Page_394">394</a>, <a href="#Page_396">396</a>, <a href="#Page_402">402</a></li> - -<li>Actium, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - -<li>Adrianum mare, <a href="#Page_298">298</a></li> - -<li>Aeculanum, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> - -<li>Aegypta, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> - -<li>Aegyptus, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> - -<li>Aelius Lamia, <em>see</em> Lamia (L. Aelius)</li> - -<li>Aemilius Lepidus (M'.), <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a></li> - -<li>Aenaria, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> - -<li>Aesernia, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> - -<li>Aesopus, <a href="#Page_398">398</a></li> - -<li>Afranius (L.), <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li> - -<li>Africa, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>, <a href="#Page_388">388</a>, <a href="#Page_394">394</a>, <a href="#Page_396">396</a>, <a href="#Page_406">406</a></li> - -<li>Africanae res, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-num negotium, <a href="#Page_424">424</a></li> - -<li>Africanus, <em>see</em> Cornelius Scipio Africanus</li> - -<li>Agusius, <a href="#Page_418">418</a></li> - -<li>Alba, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li> - -<li>Albanum (praedium), <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> - -<li>Alexandrea, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>, <a href="#Page_396">396</a>, <a href="#Page_398">398</a>, <a href="#Page_400">400</a>, <a href="#Page_406">406</a>, <a href="#Page_408">408</a>, <a href="#Page_426">426</a></li> - -<li>Alexandrina mora, <a href="#Page_402">402</a></li> - -<li>Alexio, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - -<li>Alexis, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> - -<li>Aliensis pugna, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> - -<li>Allienus, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> - -<li>Ampius Balbus (T.), <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> - -<li>Ancon(a), <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> - -<li>Annius Milo Papinianus (T.), <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> - -<li>Anteros, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a></li> - -<li>Antiochea, <a href="#Page_410">410</a></li> - -<li>Antium, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li> - -<li>Antonius (M.), <em>triumvir</em>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>, <a href="#Page_388">388</a>, <a href="#Page_408">408</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>letter from</em>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a></li> - -<li>Appia (via), <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a></li> - -<li>Appianae legiones, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> - -<li>Appius, <em>see</em> Claudius Pulcher (Appius)</li> - -<li>Apulia, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> - -<li>Arabia, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> - -<li>Aradus, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> - -<li>Arcanum (praedium), <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a></li> - -<li>Aristoxenus, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> - -<li>Ἀρκαδία, <a href="#Page_292">292</a></li> - -<li>Armenii, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> - -<li>Arpi, <a href="#Page_186">186</a></li> - -<li>Arpinum, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a></li> - -<li>Artaxerxes, <a href="#Page_306">306</a></li> - -<li>Asia, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>, <a href="#Page_394">394</a>, <a href="#Page_396">396</a>, <a href="#Page_400">400</a>, <a href="#Page_402">402</a>, <a href="#Page_414">414</a></li> - -<li>Ateius Capito (C.), <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> - -<li>Athenae, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_414">414</a></li> - -<li>Atius Paelignus (C.), <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> - -<li>Ἀτρείδης, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> - -<li>Attius Varus (P.), <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - -<li>Attus Navius, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> - -<li>Aurelius Cotta (M.), <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> - -<li>Axius (Q.), <a href="#Page_324">324</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Baebius, <a href="#Page_254">254</a></li> - -<li>Baiae, <a href="#Page_368">368</a></li> - -<li>Balbus, <em>see</em> Ampius Balbus <em>and</em> Cornelius Balbus</li> - -<li>Basilus, <em>see</em> Minucius Basilus</li> - -<li>Beneventum, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li> - -<li>Bibulus, <em>see</em> Calpurnius Bibulus</li> - -<li>Brundisina militia, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">porta, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">res, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-ni nuntii, <a href="#Page_160">160</a></li> - -<li>Brundisium, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a></li> - -<li>Brutus, <em>see</em> Iunius Brutus</li> - -<li>Bussenius, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li> - -<li>Byzantium, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Caecilius Metellus (L.), <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li> - -<li>Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio (<em>formerly</em> P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica), <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> - -<li>Caecilius Statius (C.), <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> - -<li>Caelianus animus, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-num illud, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-na illa, <a href="#Page_344">344</a> -<span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_434" id="Page_434">[Pg 434]</a></span></li> -<li>Caelius, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a></li> - -<li>Caelius, banker, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> - -<li>Caelius Caldus (C.), <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> - -<li>Caelius Rufus (M.), <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>letter from</em>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li> - -<li>Caesar, <em>see</em> Iulius Caesar</li> - -<li>Caesius (C.), <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li> - -<li>Caieta, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> - -<li>Calenius (M.), <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li> - -<li>Calenum, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> - -<li>Cales, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> - -<li>Calpurnius Bibulus (M.), <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li> - -<li>Calpurnius Piso (L.), <em>friend of Antonius</em>, <a href="#Page_310">310</a></li> - -<li>Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (L.), <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li> - -<li>Camerinum, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> - -<li>Camillus, <em>see</em> Furius Camillus</li> - -<li>Campania, <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> - -<li>Campani coloni, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-nus ager, <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> - -<li>Caninius Rebilus (C.), <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> - -<li>Caninius Rebilus (T.), <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> - -<li>Canuleius, <a href="#Page_294">294</a></li> - -<li>Canusium, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li> - -<li>Capito, <em>see</em> Ateius Capito</li> - -<li>Capua, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> - -<li>Carbo, <em>see</em> Papirius Carbo</li> - -<li>Carneades, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - -<li>Cassianum negotium, <a href="#Page_400">400</a></li> - -<li>Cassius Longinus (C.), <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>, <a href="#Page_398">398</a></li> - -<li>Cassius Longinus (Q.), <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> - -<li>Castrum Truentinum, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> - -<li>Cato, <em>see</em> Porcius Cato</li> - -<li>Celer, <em>see</em> Pilius Celer</li> - -<li>Cephalio, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>, <a href="#Page_386">386</a>, <a href="#Page_404">404</a></li> - -<li>Chios, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> - -<li>Chrysippus, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a></li> - -<li>Cicero, <em>see</em> Tullius Cicero;</li> -<li class="isub1">-nes, <em>see</em> Tullii Cicerones</li> - -<li>Cilices, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> - -<li>Cingulum, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - -<li>Cinna, <em>see</em> Cornelius Cinna</li> - -<li>Cinnea (crudelitas), <a href="#Page_128">128</a></li> - -<li>Claudius Marcellus (C.), <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> - -<li>Claudius Marcellus (M.), <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> - -<li>Claudius Pulcher (Appius), <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li> - -<li>Clodia, <em>sister of P. Clodius</em>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> - -<li>Clodia, <em>mother-in-law of L. Metellus</em>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li> - -<li>Clodius, <em>client of Atticus</em>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> - -<li>Clodius Pulcher (P.), <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_420">420</a></li> - -<li>Colchi, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> - -<li>Considius Nonianus (M.), <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> - -<li>Coponius (C.), <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> - -<li>Corcyra, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a></li> - -<li>Corfiniensis clementia, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">διατροπή, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">exspectatio, <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> - -<li>Corfinium, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a></li> - -<li>Coriolanus, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> - -<li>Cornelius Balbus (L.), <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>, <a href="#Page_378">378</a>, <a href="#Page_394">394</a>, <a href="#Page_408">408</a>, <a href="#Page_416">416</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>letters of</em>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> - -<li>Cornelius Balbus (L.), <em>son of the last</em>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_386">386</a></li> - -<li>Cornelius Cinna (L.), <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> - -<li>Cornelius Dolabella (P.), <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li> - -<li>Cornelius Lentulus Crus (L.), <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a></li> - -<li>Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus (Cn.), <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li> - -<li>Cornelius Lentulus Spinther (P.), <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a></li> - -<li>Cornelius Lentulus Spinther (P.), <em>son of the last</em>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a></li> - -<li>Cornelius Scipio (L.), <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> - -<li>Cornelius Scipio Africanus Aemilianus (P.), <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>, <a href="#Page_306">306</a></li> - -<li>Cornelius Scipio Nasica (P.), <em>see</em> Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio (Q.)</li> - -<li>Cornelius Sulla (L.), <em>dictator</em>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> - -<li>Cornelius Sulla (P.), <a href="#Page_414">414</a>, <a href="#Page_416">416</a></li> - -<li>Cornelius Sulla Faustus (L.), <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> - -<li>Cosanum (praedium), <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a></li> - -<li>Cotta, <em>see</em> Aurelius Cotta</li> - -<li>Cous (Nicias), <a href="#Page_28">28</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">(insula), <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> - -<li>Crassipes, <em>see</em> Furius Crassipes</li> - -<li>Croto, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> - -<li>Culleo, <em>see</em> Terentius Culleo</li> - -<li>Cumani, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-num (praedium), <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> - -<li>Curio, <em>see</em> Scribonius Curio</li> - -<li>Curius (M'.), <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a> -<span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_435" id="Page_435">[Pg 435]</a></span></li> -<li>Curtius Postumus (M.), <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> - -<li>Cyprus, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> - -<li>Cytheris, <a href="#Page_322">322</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Delos, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li> - -<li>Demetrius Magnes, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> - -<li>Dicaearchus, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> - -<li>Diochares, <a href="#Page_368">368</a></li> - -<li>Διονύσιος έν Κορίνθω, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> - -<li>Dionysius, <em>tutor of young Cicero</em>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a></li> - -<li>Dionysius, <em>slave</em>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li> - -<li>Dolabella, <em>see</em> Cornelius Dolabella</li> - -<li>Domitius Ahenobarbus (Cn.), <a href="#Page_184">184</a></li> - -<li>Domitius Ahenobarbus (L.), <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li> - -<li>Drusus, <em>see</em> Livius Drusus</li> - -<li>Dyrrhachium, <a href="#Page_152">152</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Egnatius (L.), <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a></li> - -<li>Ἕκτωρ, <a href="#Page_192">192</a></li> - -<li>Ἐνυάλιος, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> - -<li>Ephesus, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>, <a href="#Page_424">424</a></li> - -<li>Epirus, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a></li> - -<li>Eppius (M.), <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> - -<li>Eros, <em>slave of Philotimus</em>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a></li> - -<li>Euphrates, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Fabatus, see Roscius Fabatus</li> - -<li>Fabius (C.), <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> - -<li>Fabius (Q.), <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> - -<li>Fadius Gallus (M.), <a href="#Page_146">146</a></li> - -<li>Fannius (C.), <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a></li> - -<li>Faustus, <em>see</em> Cornelius Sulla Faustus</li> - -<li>Favonius (M.), <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> - -<li>Feralia, <a href="#Page_162">162</a></li> - -<li>Figulus, <em>see</em> Nigidius Figulus</li> - -<li>Firmum, <a href="#Page_154">154</a></li> - -<li>Flaccus, <em>see</em> Valerius Flaccus</li> - -<li>Flavius (L.), <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> - -<li>Flumentana (porta), <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> - -<li>Formiae, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li> - -<li>Formianum (praedium), <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a></li> - -<li>Fretense (mare), <a href="#Page_298">298</a></li> - -<li>Frusinas (fundus), <a href="#Page_360">360</a>, <a href="#Page_392">392</a></li> - -<li>Fufidiana, <a href="#Page_400">400</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">— praedia, <a href="#Page_396">396</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-ni coheredes, <a href="#Page_392">392</a></li> - -<li>Fufius Calenus (Q.), <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>, <a href="#Page_398">398</a>, <a href="#Page_402">402</a></li> - -<li>Funisulanus, <a href="#Page_338">338</a></li> - -<li>Furfanius Postumus (T.), <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> - -<li>Furiae, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li> - -<li>Furius Camillus (C.), <a href="#Page_404">404</a>, <a href="#Page_418">418</a></li> - -<li>Furius Crassipes, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> - -<li>Furnius (C.), <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Gabinius (A.), <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> - -<li>Gaditanus (<em>i.e.</em> Cornelius Balbus), <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> - -<li>Galba, <em>see</em> Sulpicius Galba</li> - -<li>Galeo, <a href="#Page_390">390</a></li> - -<li>Galli, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a></li> - -<li>Gallia, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> - -<li>Gallius (M.), <a href="#Page_340">340</a>, <a href="#Page_412">412</a></li> - -<li>Gallus, <em>see</em> Fadius Gallus</li> - -<li>Germania, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li> - -<li>Getae, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> - -<li>Gnaeus, <em>see</em> Pompeius Magnus (C.)</li> - -<li>Graeci, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-e, <a href="#Page_188">188</a></li> - -<li>Graecia, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Hannibal, <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li> - -<li>Hippias, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> - -<li>Hirrus, <em>see</em> Lucilius Hirrus</li> - -<li>Hirtianus sermo, <a href="#Page_292">292</a></li> - -<li>Hirtius, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_284">284</a>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>, <a href="#Page_394">394</a>, <a href="#Page_410">410</a></li> - -<li>Hispania, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>, <a href="#Page_388">388</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Hispaniae, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li> - -<li>Hispaniensis casus, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> - -<li>Homerus, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> - -<li>Hortensiana, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li> - -<li>Hortensius (Q.), <em>son of the orator</em>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Ignuvium, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - -<li>Ἰλιάς, <a href="#Page_132">132</a></li> - -<li>Illyricum, <a href="#Page_296">296</a>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>, <a href="#Page_400">400</a></li> - -<li>Isidorus, <a href="#Page_358">358</a> -<span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_436" id="Page_436">[Pg 436]</a></span></li> -<li>Italia, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>, <a href="#Page_386">386</a>, <a href="#Page_388">388</a>, <a href="#Page_408">408</a></li> - -<li>Iulius Caesar (C.), <em>dictator</em>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_284">284</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>, <a href="#Page_310">310</a>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>, <a href="#Page_386">386</a>, <a href="#Page_388">388</a>, <a href="#Page_406">406</a>, <a href="#Page_410">410</a>, <a href="#Page_412">412</a>, <a href="#Page_416">416</a>, <a href="#Page_418">418</a>, <a href="#Page_424">424</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">letters from, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>, <a href="#Page_310">310</a></li> - -<li>Iulius Caesar (L.), <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> - -<li>Iunius Brutus (M.), <em>father of the following</em>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li> - -<li>Iunius Brutus (M.), <em>murderer of Caesar</em>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li> - -<li>Iuppiter, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Κόρινθος, <a href="#Page_216">216</a></li> - -<li>Κωρυκαῖοι, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Labienus (T.), <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> - -<li>Lacedaemonii, <a href="#Page_306">306</a></li> - -<li>Λακωνικὴ σκυτάλη, <a href="#Page_320">320</a></li> - -<li>Laelius (D.), <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>, <a href="#Page_394">394</a>, <a href="#Page_398">398</a></li> - -<li>Laelius Sapiens (C.), <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> - -<li>Lamia (L. Aelius), <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li> - -<li>Lanuvinum (praedium), <a href="#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li> - -<li>Larinum, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - -<li>Lartidius, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> - -<li>Laterium, <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> - -<li>Latine, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-itas, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> - -<li>Lavernium, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> - -<li>Lentulus, <em>see</em> Cornelius Lentulus</li> - -<li>Lepidi, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> - -<li>Lepidus, <em>see</em> Aemilius Lepidus (M.)</li> - -<li>Lepta (Q.), <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a></li> - -<li>Lesbos, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> - -<li>Liberalia, <a href="#Page_224">224</a></li> - -<li>Libo, <em>see</em> Scribonius Libo</li> - -<li>Licinius Murena (L.), <a href="#Page_390">390</a></li> - -<li>Ligur, <em>or</em> Ligus (L.), <a href="#Page_80">80</a></li> - -<li>Ligurius (A.), <a href="#Page_378">378</a>, <a href="#Page_380">380</a></li> - -<li>Literninum (praedium), <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> - -<li>Livia, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> - -<li>Livius Drusus (M.), <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> - -<li>Lucceius (L.M.f.), <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> - -<li>Lucceius (L.Q.f.), <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> - -<li>Luceria, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-iae, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a></li> - -<li>Lucilius Hirrus (C.), <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> - -<li>Lucius, <em>see</em> Manlius Torquatus (L.)</li> - -<li>Lucretius (Q.), <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a></li> - -<li>Lupus, <em>see</em> Rutilius Lupus</li> - -<li>Luscenius, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> - -<li>Lycia, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Magius (N.), <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a></li> - -<li>Mamurra, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> - -<li>Manlius Torquatus (A.), <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> - -<li>Manlius Torquatus (L.), <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> - -<li>Marathonia pugna, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> - -<li>Marcelli, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a></li> - -<li>Marcellinus, <em>see</em> Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus</li> - -<li>Marcellus, <em>see</em> Claudius Marcellus</li> - -<li>Marcius Philippus (L.), <em>consul</em> 91 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> - -<li>Marcius Philippus (L.), <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a></li> - -<li>Marius (C.), <a href="#Page_226">226</a>, <a href="#Page_306">306</a></li> - -<li>Marsi, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - -<li>Massilia, <a href="#Page_336">336</a></li> - -<li>Massilienses, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> - -<li>Matius (C.), <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>letter from</em>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li> - -<li>Melita, <a href="#Page_296">296</a>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li> - -<li>Mentor, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> - -<li>Menturnae, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> - -<li>Μεσοποταμία, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> - -<li>Messalla (<em>or</em> Messala), <em>see</em> Valerius Messalla</li> - -<li>Messius (C.), <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> - -<li>Metella, <a href="#Page_420">420</a></li> - -<li>Metellus, <em>see</em> Caecilius Metellus</li> - -<li>Miletus, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> - -<li>Milo, <em>see</em> Annius Milo</li> - -<li>Miloniana tempora, <a href="#Page_210">210</a></li> - -<li>Minerva, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> - -<li>Minucia via, <a href="#Page_194">194</a></li> - -<li>Minucius Basilus, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> - -<li>Minucius Basilus (L.), <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li> - -<li>Minucius Rufus, <a href="#Page_394">394</a>, <a href="#Page_396">396</a> -<span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_437" id="Page_437">[Pg 437]</a></span></li> -<li>Minucius Thermus (Q.), <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_394">394</a>, <a href="#Page_396">396</a></li> - -<li>Misenum, <a href="#Page_308">308</a></li> - -<li>Moneta, <a href="#Page_122">122</a></li> - -<li>Mucianus exitus, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-num istud, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> - -<li>Mucius Scaevola (Q.), <em>pontifex maximus</em>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a></li> - -<li>Mucius Scaevola (Q.), <em>tribune of the plebs</em> 54 <span class="smcap">B.C.</span>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li> - -<li>Murena, <em>see</em> Licinius Murena</li> - -<li>Mytilenaeus (<em>i.e.</em> Theophanes), <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Nasica, <em>see</em> Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio</li> - -<li>Nasidius (L.), <a href="#Page_408">408</a></li> - -<li>Neapolis, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li> - -<li>Neapolitanus sermo, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-ni, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> - -<li>Nicias Curtius, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> - -<li>Nigidius Figulus (P.), <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> - -<li>Ninnius Quadratus (L.), <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> - -<li>Nonius Sufenas (M.), <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> - -<li>Numerianum raudusculum, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Ocella (Ser.), <a href="#Page_322">322</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li> - -<li>Octavius Mamilius, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> - -<li>Onchesmites, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - -<li>Oppii, of Velia, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a></li> - -<li>Oppius (C.), <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>, <a href="#Page_394">394</a>, <a href="#Page_406">406</a>, <a href="#Page_408">408</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>letter of</em>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Paestum, <a href="#Page_408">408</a></li> - -<li>Pamphilus, <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - -<li>Pamphylia, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> - -<li>Panaetius, <a href="#Page_242">242</a></li> - -<li>Pansa, <em>see</em> Vibius Pansa</li> - -<li>Papirius Carbo (Cn.), <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li> - -<li>Parthi, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> - -<li>Parthicus casus, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-cum bellum, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-cae res, <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> - -<li>Patrae, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a>, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>, <a href="#Page_402">402</a>, <a href="#Page_412">412</a>, <a href="#Page_414">414</a></li> - -<li>Patron, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> - -<li>Pedanum, <a href="#Page_266">266</a></li> - -<li>Pedius (Q.), <a href="#Page_252">252</a></li> - -<li>Peducaeus (Sex.), <a href="#Page_272">272</a></li> - -<li>Peducaeus (Sex.), <em>son of the above</em>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a></li> - -<li>Peloponnesus, <a href="#Page_332">332</a></li> - -<li>Pericles, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> - -<li>Perses, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> - -<li>Petreius (M.), <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a></li> - -<li>Phalaris, <a href="#Page_84">84</a></li> - -<li>Phamea, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li> - -<li>Pharnaces, <em>king</em>, <a href="#Page_414">414</a>, <a href="#Page_416">416</a></li> - -<li>Philargyrus, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li> - -<li>Philippus, <em>see</em> Marcius Philippus (L.)</li> - -<li>Philogenes, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> - -<li>Philotimus, <em>freedman of Terentia</em>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="#Page_310">310</a>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>, <a href="#Page_404">404</a>, <a href="#Page_410">410</a>, <a href="#Page_418">418</a>, <a href="#Page_424">424</a></li> - -<li>Philoxenus, <em>letter-carrier</em>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> - -<li>Phryges, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> - -<li>Picena, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></li> - -<li>Picentes, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-tinae cohortes, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> - -<li>Picenum, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a></li> - -<li>Picenus ager, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> - -<li>Pilia, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> - -<li>Pilius Celer (Q.), <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li> - -<li>Pinarius (T.), <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> - -<li>Piraeus, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> - -<li>Pisistratus, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> - -<li>Piso, <em>see</em> Calpurnius Piso</li> - -<li>Plaguleius, <a href="#Page_300">300</a></li> - -<li>Plato (Πλάτων), <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> - -<li>Pollex, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a></li> - -<li>Pompeia lex, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-anum (praedium), <a href="#Page_340">340</a>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> - -<li>Pompeius Magnus (Cn.), <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>letters of</em>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> - -<li>Pomponia, <a href="#Page_380">380</a></li> - -<li>Pomponius Atticus (T.), <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> - -<li>Pomptina (regio ?), <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> - -<li>Pomptinus (C.), <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> - -<li>Pontius Aquila (L.), <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> - -<li>Pontius Titinianus, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li> - -<li>Porcius Cato (M.), <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a></li> - -<li>Porsena, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> - -<li>Postumia, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li> - -<li>Postumius, <a href="#Page_70">70</a></li> - -<li>Postumus, <em>see</em> Curtius Postumus -<span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_438" id="Page_438">[Pg 438]</a></span></li> -<li>Πουλυδάμας, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> - -<li>Precianum, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> - -<li>Pulcher, <em>see</em> Clodius Pulcher (P.)</li> - -<li>Puteoli, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a></li> - -<li>Pyrenaeus, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Quinctius (L.), <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> - -<li>Quinti, <em>see</em> Tullius Cicero (Q.)</li> - -<li>Quinquatria (<em>or</em> -trus), <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Ravenna, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> - -<li>Reatini, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> - -<li>Rebilus, <em>see</em> Caninius Rebilus</li> - -<li>Reginus, <a href="#Page_328">328</a></li> - -<li>Regium, <a href="#Page_292">292</a></li> - -<li>Rhodii, <a href="#Page_326">326</a></li> - -<li>Rhodos, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>, <a href="#Page_418">418</a></li> - -<li>Roma, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li> - -<li>Romanus homo, <a href="#Page_300">300</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-nus populus, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-ni, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-ni equites, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-ni rustici, <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li> - -<li>Roscius Fabatus (L.), <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> - -<li>Rutilius Lupus (P.), <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Sabinus ager, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> - -<li>Sallustius (Cn.), <a href="#Page_384">384</a>, <a href="#Page_406">406</a>, <a href="#Page_412">412</a></li> - -<li>Sallustius (P.), <a href="#Page_384">384</a></li> - -<li>Salvius, <em>freedman of Hortensius</em>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a></li> - -<li>Salvius, <em>librarian of Atticus</em>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a></li> - -<li>Samnium, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li> - -<li>Samus, <a href="#Page_374">374</a></li> - -<li>Sardanapalus, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> - -<li>Sardinia, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> - -<li>Saufeius (L.), <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> - -<li>Scaevola, <em>see</em> Mucius Scaevola</li> - -<li>Scipio, <em>see</em> Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio <em>and</em> Cornelius Scipio</li> - -<li>Scribonius Curio (C.), <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a></li> - -<li>Scribonius Libo (L.), <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> - -<li>Scrofa, <em>see</em> Tremellius Scrofa</li> - -<li>Seleucea Pieria, <a href="#Page_410">410</a></li> - -<li>Serapion, <em>letter-carrier</em>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a></li> - -<li>Servilius Vatia Isauricus (P.), <a href="#Page_362">362</a></li> - -<li>Servius, <em>see</em> Sulpicius Rufus</li> - -<li>Sestius (P.), <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a></li> - -<li>Sextus, <em>see</em> Peducaeus (Sex.)</li> - -<li>Sicca, <a href="#Page_158">158</a></li> - -<li>Sicilia, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>, <a href="#Page_412">412</a>, <a href="#Page_414">414</a></li> - -<li>Siculi, <a href="#Page_328">328</a></li> - -<li>Sicyon, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a></li> - -<li>Sidon, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> - -<li>Silius (A.), <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> - -<li>Silius Nerva (P.), <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> - -<li>Sinuessa, <a href="#Page_260">260</a></li> - -<li>Sipontum, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a></li> - -<li>Siser (P.), <a href="#Page_390">390</a></li> - -<li>Socrates, <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> - -<li>Solon, <a href="#Page_274">274</a></li> - -<li>Sosius (C.), <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a></li> - -<li>Statius, <a href="#Page_214">214</a></li> - -<li>Sufenas, <em>see</em> Nonius Sufenas</li> - -<li>Sulla, <em>see</em> Cornelius Sulla</li> - -<li>Sullanus dies, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-mos, <a href="#Page_296">296</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-num regnum, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, <a href="#Page_202">202</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-na, <a href="#Page_414">414</a></li> - -<li>Sulmo, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a></li> - -<li>Sulpicius Galba (P.), <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li> - -<li>Sulpicius Rufus (Ser.), <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>, <a href="#Page_426">426</a></li> - -<li>Sulpicius Rufus (Ser.), <em>son of the above</em>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a></li> - -<li>Sunium, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> - -<li>Syracusae, <a href="#Page_342">342</a></li> - -<li>Syria, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Tarentum, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_394">394</a></li> - -<li>Tarquinius Superbus, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> - -<li>Tarracina, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> - -<li>Tartessius (<em>i.e.</em> Balbus), <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> - -<li>Teanum (<em>in Apulia</em>), <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - -<li>Teanum Sidicinum, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a></li> - -<li>Terentia, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>, <a href="#Page_384">384</a>, <a href="#Page_404">404</a>, <a href="#Page_424">424</a>, <a href="#Page_428">428</a></li> - -<li>Terentius, <em>the poet</em>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> - -<li>Terentius (L.), <a href="#Page_408">408</a></li> - -<li>Terentius Culleo (Q.), <a href="#Page_148">148</a></li> - -<li>Terentius Hispo (P.), <a href="#Page_382">382</a></li> - -<li>Themistocles, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> - -<li>Themistocleum concilium, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">-exsilium, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> - -<li>Theophanes, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a></li> - -<li>Thermus, <em>see</em> Minucius Thermus</li> - -<li>Thrasybulus, <a href="#Page_112">112</a></li> - -<li>Thucydides, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a></li> - -<li>Thurii, <a href="#Page_270">270</a></li> - -<li>Thyamis, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - -<li>Tiburs villa, <a href="#Page_164">164</a></li> - -<li>Tiro, <em>see</em> Tullius Tiro</li> - -<li>Titinius (Q.), <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a></li> - -<li>Torquatus, <em>see</em> Manlius Torquatus -<span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_439" id="Page_439">[Pg 439]</a></span></li> -<li>Transpadanus, <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> - -<li>Trebatius Testa (C.), <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1"><em>letter from</em>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a></li> - -<li>Trebonius (C.), <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>, <a href="#Page_410">410</a></li> - -<li>Trebulanum (praedium), <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> - -<li>Tremellius Scrofa (Cn.), <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> - -<li>Τρωάδες, <a href="#Page_6">6</a></li> - -<li>Τρῶες, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a></li> - -<li>Troianum (praedium), <a href="#Page_248">248</a></li> - -<li>Tullia (<em>or</em> Tulliola), <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>, <a href="#Page_404">404</a>, <a href="#Page_406">406</a>, <a href="#Page_422">422</a>, <a href="#Page_424">424</a></li> - -<li>Tullii Cicerones, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a></li> - -<li>Tullius (M.), <em>relative of Cicero</em>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a></li> - -<li>Tullius Cicero (M.), <em>the orator</em>, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>, <a href="#Page_310">310</a>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a></li> - -<li>Tullius Cicero (M.), <em>son of the orator</em>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>, <a href="#Page_406">406</a>, <a href="#Page_408">408</a></li> - -<li>Tullius Cicero (Q.), <em>brother of the orator</em>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>, <a href="#Page_386">386</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>, <a href="#Page_394">394</a>, <a href="#Page_396">396</a>, <a href="#Page_400">400</a>, <a href="#Page_412">412</a>, <a href="#Page_414">414</a>, <a href="#Page_418">418</a></li> - -<li>Tullius Cicero (Q.), <em>son of the above</em>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>, <a href="#Page_404">404</a>, <a href="#Page_410">410</a>, <a href="#Page_412">412</a>, <a href="#Page_414">414</a>, <a href="#Page_418">418</a></li> - -<li>Tullius Tiro (M.), <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> - -<li>Tullus, <em>see</em> Volcatius Tullus</li> - -<li>Turranius (D.), <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> - -<li>Tusci, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li> - -<li>Tuscilius (M.), <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li> - -<li>Tusculanum (praedium), <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a></li> - -<li>Tyrus, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Umbria, <a href="#Page_156">156</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Valerius Flaccus (L.), <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> - -<li>Valerius Messalla (<em>or</em> Messala) (M.), <a href="#Page_416">416</a></li> - -<li>Vatinius (P.), <a href="#Page_364">364</a>, <a href="#Page_378">378</a></li> - -<li>Veiento, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> - -<li>Velia, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></li> - -<li>Venafrum, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - -<li>Vennonianae res, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> - -<li>Vestorius (C.), <a href="#Page_294">294</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a></li> - -<li>Vettienus, <a href="#Page_294">294</a>, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a></li> - -<li>Vibius Pansa (C.), <a href="#Page_366">366</a>, <a href="#Page_394">394</a></li> - -<li>Vibullius Rufus (L.), <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a></li> - -<li>Voconius, <a href="#Page_168">168</a></li> - -<li>Volcatius Tullus (L.), <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a></li> - -<li>Volsci, <a href="#Page_226">226</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Xeno, <em>of Athens</em>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a></li> - - -<li class="indx">Zmyrna, <a href="#Page_218">218</a></li> -</ul> -<p><span class="pagenum-odd"><a name="Page_440" id="Page_440">[Pg 440]</a></span></p> -<p class="center">WOODS AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, LONDON, N. I. -</p> - -<div id="transnote"> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<h2>TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES</h2> - - -<p>Latin and English pages displayed here as split screen were on -facing pages in original. One issue with this display method is that -sentences continued on the following page of the same language are -shown here with large gaps in the middle of the sentence.</p> - -<p>Page numbers displayed adjacent to the appropriate language, i.e., even, Latin, on left and odd, English, on the right.</p> - -<p>Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and typographical errors.</p> - -<p>Retained anachronistic and non-standard spellings as printed.</p> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Cicero: Letters to Atticus, Vol. 2 of 3, by Cicero - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CICERO: LETTERS TO ATTICUS *** - -***** This file should be named 50692-h.htm or 50692-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/5/0/6/9/50692/ - -Produced by Richard Tonsing, Charles Aldarondo and the -Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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