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diff --git a/49006.txt b/49006.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5c26ed2 --- /dev/null +++ b/49006.txt @@ -0,0 +1,671 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook, On the apostolical succession, by William J. +Irons + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most +other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions +whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of +the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at +www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have +to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. + + + + +Title: On the apostolical succession + Parochial lectures, second series + + +Author: William J. Irons + + + +Release Date: May 20, 2015 [eBook #49006] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ON THE APOSTOLICAL SUCCESSION*** + + +credit + + + +Transcribed from the 1847 Joseph Masters edition by David Price, email +ccx074@pglaf.org + + + + + + On the Apostolical Succession. + + + * * * * * + + PAROCHIAL LECTURES. + + (_SECOND SERIES_.) + + * * * * * + + BY + WILLIAM J. IRONS, B.D., + INCUMBENT OF THE HOLY TRINITY, BROMPTON, MIDDLESEX. + + * * * * * + + * * * * * + + * * * * * + + LONDON: + JOSEPH MASTERS, 33, ALDERSGATE STREET. + MDCCCXLVII. + + * * * * * + + TO + + EDWARD BOUVERIE PUSEY, D.D. + + (LATE FELLOW OF ORIEL COLLEGE) + + CANON OF CHRIST CHURCH, + + AND REGIUS PROFESSOR OF HEBREW + + IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD; + + THIS VOLUME + + (BY HIS PERMISSION) + + IS PRESENTED; WITH A DEEP FEELING + + OF THE AUTHOR'S OBLIGATION + + TO HIM + + FOR THE BLESSINGS OF HIS LEARNED INSTRUCTION, + + HIS CHRISTIAN EXAMPLE, + + AND HIS HONEST FRIENDSHIP. + + + + +PREFACE. + + +VERY little needs to be said to introduce these Lectures to the reader. +They were delivered in Advent last, at Saint Mary's, Newington; and there +is the same reason for publishing, which there then was for writing and +preaching them. I desire to assist, as far as I am able, those who are +seeking to clear and define their thoughts, respecting the origin, +nature, and power of the Christian Ministry. I have aimed only at +plainness and fairness in the statement of the argument; and have adopted +that arrangement of the subject, in which, as far as I can judge, it +originally came before my own mind. + +In the Dedication of this Volume to the Regius Professor of Hebrew at +Oxford, I have acknowledged my great obligation to him for the +instruction which I hope I have derived from his writings--an +acknowledgment which, happily, I am so far from being singular in making, +that I suppose every one who has studied them, might make the same +statement. But it is right that I should say, that as I have not learned +a lesson by rote, but, from the first, thought patiently and freely for +myself, so the Public must not consider the Professor answerable for +every opinion which I may have expressed. And it may be well also to +add, that the general doctrine here set forth is not hastily taken up on +any man's authority; but was maintained by the writer, both in private +and public, as many will bear witness, long before he had the happiness +and advantage of being acquainted with the works, or characters, of the +present leading Divines of the University of Oxford. + +_St. Peter's_, _Walworth_, _Surrey_. + + + + +CONTENTS. + + PAGE + LECTURE I. + + THE DOCTRINE. +The Method of the Argument--Importance of a 1 +Ministry--Scriptural aspect of the subject--Apostolical +language concerning it--Compared with the Modern--What the +safe inference--The original Ministry possibly still +exists--And if so, what constitutes a Ministry--Scripture +Language--Compared with Popular and Modern notions--Theory +of the Inward Call--Erastian theory--The Common principle +of all such Theories--Illustrated--The Catholic DOCTRINE of +the Ministry--Compared with the Modern, and with +Scripture--The Continuance of the Ministry--DOCTRINE of the +SUCCESSION stated and explained--Reasons for the present +Inquiry + LECTURE II. + + THE EVIDENCE. +Importance of not hastily prejudging--Argued from the 41 +parallel case of the Jewish Church--Necessity of +considering the Evidence for the SUCCESSION--Evidence of +Scripture, how far Important--Historical Evidence--Popular +Difficulties--A General reply.--On Evidence--Popular +Notions--The expected Evidence of the +SUCCESSION--Illustrated by a parallel case--Impossible--And +even if attainable, not satisfactory--What kind and amount +of Evidence should be looked for--Parallels of +Evidence--For the Scriptures--The Sacraments, and the +Ministry of the Church--On what Evidence the Common People +must of necessity receive the Bible--And the Apostolic +Church--Literary Evidence of the Bible, difficult--And of +the SUCCESSION--Analysis of it, Theoretical and +Historical--Accumulation of the Evidence--Moral +Certainty--Conclusion + LECTURE III. + + THE OBJECTIONS. +Necessity of considering OBJECTIONS--Classification of 69 +them--(1.) As connected with the FACT of the Succession, +and its Consequences.--(2.) And the DOCTRINE, and its +Consequences. + +(1.) General Corruption--Idolatry--Schism--Infringement of +Private Judgment--Popery and Superstition. + +(2.) Judaistic +Doctrine--Carnality--Technicality--Scriptural +Uncertainty--Exclusiveness--Uncharitableness--Unchurching +other Protestants--among whom may be seen many Evidences of +God's Blessing and Religious Success--Explanation. + +Catholic Charity--Theoretical and Practical--Review + LECTURE IV. + + THE SUMMARY. +The Summary--Mistakes of the Ideality of 109 +Christianity--Erroneous popular Notions and +Arguments--Contrast of Rationalist and Catholic +theories--Comparison--And with Scripture--Analytical Review +of the Catholic Religion, illustrating the Doctrine of the +Ministry--Synthetical View of the same--Conclusion +NOTES 145 + +I. +THE DOCTRINE. + + +FROM THE EPISTLE. {1}--"How, then, shall they call on HIM in Whom they +have not believed?--and, How shall they believe in Him of Whom they have +not heard?--and, How shall they hear without a preacher?--and, How shall +they preach except they be SENT?"--ROMANS x. 14. + +AT this season of preparation for the ADVENT, the Apostolical Ministry is +one of the subjects especially brought before us by the CHURCH, as +doubtless peculiarly calculated to fit our minds for the right reception +and reverent contemplation of our SAVIOUR'S first and second Coming. It +would be needless to enlarge on the suitability of the Epistle selected +for this Introductory Festival, opening and leading the way, as it does, +to those of the whole "glorious company of the Apostles." We can +scarcely read the passage now quoted, without recognizing at once much of +its appropriateness. It contains a brief vindication both of the moral +necessity and the Divine authority of the Christian Ministry; and so +plainly, that, to some extent, all must perceive it. But it may be +highly profitable to us to draw out and examine with attention the +subject, which St. Paul thus lays before us in epitome only; concerning +which we know that there is much diversity of thinking among professing +Christians, and, consequently, great danger of wrong thinking. + +It is too much the practice of modern theologians to refer to the New +Testament, almost as if it were a book of aphorisms; and so, when a +quotation is made therefrom, it seems to be inquired, what meaning it +will _bear_; or what use can be _made_ of it; rather than, what meaning +it _must_ have had in such a connection; or what use _must_ have been +intended, under such circumstances. And hence has resulted this fatal +consequence, that the apostolic writings are commonly interpreted by +modern opinions, instead of modern opinions being tested by the apostolic +writings. There is but too painful evidence of this, in the manner in +which some men set about "proving" their peculiar system by the +Scriptures; evidently assuming from the first that their system is +_right_, and so (unconsciously, we trust,) sorting and arranging the +"best texts" to establish it. Surely an attempt to treat any other +ancient book as the Holy Scriptures are thus treated, would not be borne +with. Suppose, for example, any disciple of the schools of the modern +scepticism should attempt to show, from selected passages of some leading +treatise of ancient philosophy, that his own opinions precisely coincided +with those of the sage from whom he was quoting; it is evident that he +would hereby deceive no one but himself. On a reference to the treatise +in question, it would be at once apparent, that it was written by one who +held opinions widely different from the modern. Now since, among +Christians, there is an universal appeal to the Scriptures, would it not +be a rational method of testing the opinions of any of the various +classes among us, to inquire, whether it is likely that such writings +_would_ have proceeded from the pens of men holding such and such +opinions? Might we not thus arrive at as sure a conclusion, +notwithstanding all arguments from texts and passages, that some +nominally Christian opinions now received, were not the opinions of the +sacred writers--as that the opinions of Locke were not the opinions of +the ancient Epicureans, notwithstanding the coincidences that might be +found? And if it should be seen that any class of opinions exactly +harmonizes with the literal writings of the Apostles, so that we may +imagine the men who held them to have naturally written what the Apostles +wrote; then, should we not have a highly probable argument for the +Scriptural character of those opinions? Such an argument will in some +degree pervade these Lectures. + +Few, perhaps, will fail to perceive some wide difference between that +state of mind which is implied by our popular Christianity, and that +which is implied by the Apostolic Epistles. The complete unworldliness, +the quiet, elevated self-denial, the earnest humility, the obedience on +the one hand and authority on the other, which are the evident +characteristics of practical Christianity as it appears in the inspired +records, are strikingly different from all which we see now in our +popular religion; and may at times well suggest the fear that we may have +lost much of that faith which the first Christians possessed. And in no +particular is this difference more remarkably seen, than in the language +held respecting the MINISTRY of the CHURCH; which from its undeniable +importance deserves no light consideration. Of course it may be said, +that much of the difference of tone respecting the Ministry may be +ascribed to the "cessation of apostolic authority strictly so called." +But however this be, which we pass for the present, it is apparent to +all, that there _is_ a difference: and so, men attempt to "account for +the fact," rather than deny it. To account, for example, for the +"magnified importance" plainly attributed in Holy Scripture to the living +voice of an APOSTOLIC MINISTRY, above and beyond, and often without +reference to other means of Christian instruction. Not only the plea +just mentioned, but other similar ones are urged, as the "change of +circumstances," the "alteration in the times," and the like, to account +for the fact. How dangerous all such arguments and evasions are, to +those who seek a religion exactly, or as nearly as possible, such as the +first Christians had, needs scarcely to be urged on any thoughtful mind. +For after all these suppositions and reasonings, it will still remain +very possible that THE MINISTRY first Divinely set up in the CHURCH, was +_not_ intended essentially to change with the changing circumstances of +this world; very possible that this might have been given as one +permanent if not paramount means of grace for mankind, notwithstanding +the subsequent introduction of other means, however efficacious and +invaluable. And then, the actually existing ministry, its historical +continuity, its unconcealed pretensions, are facts not to be lightly set +aside when viewed in connection with this possibility only; even if it +were nothing more. How much of Apostolical grace is lost from the +ministry, it may be impossible to say; but so also it would be equally +impossible to say how much is retained. Hence, it must ever remain the +_safest_ course for a Christian man to adhere to an Apostolically +descended Ministry. Let us not pass too hastily from these thoughts; let +us follow them out, into minuter detail; in order to enter into the state +of mind apparently implied by language such as that in the passage, for +instance, which constitutes our text. + + + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ON THE APOSTOLICAL SUCCESSION*** + + +******* This file should be named 49006.txt or 49006.zip ******* + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/9/0/0/49006 + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will +be renamed. + +Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright +law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, +so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United +States without permission and without paying copyright +royalties. 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