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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/4887.txt b/4887.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..98c5fa1 --- /dev/null +++ b/4887.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1708 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook The Life of John of Barneveld, 1609-10 +#87 in our series by John Lothrop Motley + +Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the +copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing +this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. + +This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project +Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the +header without written permission. + +Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the +eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is +important information about your specific rights and restrictions in +how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a +donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. + + +**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** + +**EBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** + +*****These EBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers***** + + +Title: The Life of John of Barneveld, 1609-10 + +Author: John Lothrop Motley + +Release Date: January, 2004 [EBook #4887] +[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] +[This file was first posted on April 22, 2002] + +Edition: 10 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + + + + + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIFE OF JOHN OF BARNEVELD, 1609-10 *** + + + +This eBook was produced by David Widger + + + +[NOTE: There is a short list of bookmarks, or pointers, at the end of the +file for those who may wish to sample the author's ideas before making an +entire meal of them. D.W.] + + + + + +THE LIFE AND DEATH of JOHN OF BARNEVELD, ADVOCATE OF HOLLAND + +WITH A VIEW OF THE PRIMARY CAUSES AND MOVEMENTS OF THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR + +By John Lothrop Motley, D.C.L., LL.D. + + + +MOTLEY'S HISTORY OF THE NETHERLANDS, Project Gutenberg Edition, Volume 87 + +The Life and Death of John of Barneveld, v2 1609-10 + + + +CHAPTER II. + + Passion of Henry IV. for Margaret de Montmorency--Her Marriage with + the Prince of Conde--Their Departure for the Country--Their Flight to + the Netherlands-Rage of the King--Intrigues of Spain--Reception of + the Prince and Princess of Conde by the Archdukes at Brussels-- + Splendid Entertainments by Spinola--Attempts of the King to bring + the Fugitives back--Mission of De Coeuvres to Brussels--Difficult + Position of the Republic--Vast but secret Preparations for War. + +"If the Prince of Conde comes back." What had the Prince of Conde, his +comings and his goings, to do with this vast enterprise? + +It is time to point to the golden thread of most fantastic passion which +runs throughout this dark and eventful history. + +One evening in the beginning of the year which had just come to its close +there was to be a splendid fancy ball at the Louvre in the course of +which several young ladies of highest rank were to perform a dance in +mythological costume. + +The King, on ill terms with the Queen, who harassed him with scenes of +affected jealousy, while engaged in permanent plots with her paramour and +master, the Italian Concini, against his policy and his life; on still +worse terms with his latest mistress in chief, the Marquise de Verneuil, +who hated him and revenged herself for enduring his caresses by making +him the butt of her venomous wit, had taken the festivities of a court in +dudgeon where he possessed hosts of enemies and flatterers but scarcely a +single friend. + +He refused to attend any of the rehearsals of the ballet, but one day a +group of Diana and her nymphs passed him in the great gallery of the +palace. One of the nymphs as she went by turned and aimed her gilded +javelin at his heart. Henry looked and saw the most beautiful young +creature, so he thought, that mortal eye had ever gazed upon, and +according to his wont fell instantly over head and ears in love. +He said afterwards that he felt himself pierced to the heart and +was ready to faint away. + +The lady was just fifteen years of age. The King was turned of fifty- +five. The disparity of age seemed to make the royal passion ridiculous. +To Henry the situation seemed poetical and pathetic. After this first +interview he never missed a single rehearsal. In the intervals he called +perpetually for the services of the court poet Malherbe, who certainly +contrived to perpetrate in his behalf some of the most detestable verses +that even he had ever composed. + +The nymph was Marguerite de Montmorency, daughter of the Constable of +France, and destined one day to become the mother of the great Conde, +hero of Rocroy. There can be no doubt that she was exquisitely +beautiful. Fair-haired, with a complexion of dazzling purity, large +expressive eyes, delicate but commanding features, she had a singular +fascination of look and gesture, and a winning, almost childlike, +simplicity of manner. Without feminine artifice or commonplace coquetry, +she seemed to bewitch and subdue at a glance men of all ranks, ages, and +pursuits; kings and cardinals, great generals, ambassadors and statesmen, +as well as humbler mortals whether Spanish, Italian, French, or Flemish. +The Constable, an ignorant man who, as the King averred, could neither +write nor read, understood as well as more learned sages the manners and +humours of the court. He had destined his daughter for the young and +brilliant Bassompierre, the most dazzling of all the cavaliers of the +day. The two were betrothed. + +But the love-stricken Henry, then confined to his bed with the gout, sent +for the chosen husband of the beautiful Margaret. + +"Bassompierre, my friend," said the aged king, as the youthful lover +knelt before him at the bedside, "I have become not in love, but mad, +out of my senses, furious for Mademoiselle de Montmorency. If she should +love you, I should hate you. If she should love me, you would hate me. +'Tis better that this should not be the cause of breaking up our good +intelligence, for I love you with affection and inclination. I am +resolved to marry her to my nephew the Prince of Conde, and to keep her +near my family. She will be the consolation and support of my old age +into which I am now about to enter. I shall give my nephew, who loves +the chase a thousand times better than he does ladies, 100,000 livres a +year, and I wish no other favour from her than her affection without +making further pretensions." + +It was eight o'clock of a black winter's morning, and the tears as he +spoke ran down the cheeks of the hero of Ivry and bedewed the face of the +kneeling Bassompierre. + +The courtly lover sighed and--obeyed. He renounced the hand of the +beautiful Margaret, and came daily to play at dice with the King at +his bedside with one or two other companions. + +And every day the Duchess of Angouleme, sister of the Constable, brought +her fair niece to visit and converse with the royal invalid. But for the +dark and tragic clouds which were gradually closing around that eventful +and heroic existence there would be something almost comic in the +spectacle of the sufferer making the palace and all France ring with the +howlings of his grotesque passion for a child of fifteen as he lay +helpless and crippled with the gout. + +One day as the Duchess of Angouleme led her niece away from their morning +visit to the King, Margaret as she passed by Bassompierre shrugged her +shoulders with a scornful glance. Stung by this expression of contempt, +the lover who had renounced her sprang from the dice table, buried his +face in his hat, pretending that his nose was bleeding, and rushed +frantically from the palace. + +Two days long he spent in solitude, unable to eat, drink, or sleep, +abandoned to despair and bewailing his wretched fate, and it was long +before he could recover sufficient equanimity to face his lost Margaret +and resume his place at the King's dicing table. When he made his +appearance, he was according to his own account so pale, changed, and +emaciated that his friends could not recognise him. + +The marriage with Conde, first prince of the blood, took place early in +the spring. The bride received magnificent presents, and the husband a, +pension of 100,000 livres a year. The attentions of the King became soon +outrageous and the reigning scandal of the hour. Henry, discarding the +grey jacket and simple costume on which he was wont to pride himself, +paraded himself about in perfumed ruffs and glittering doublet, an +ancient fop, very little heroic, and much ridiculed. The Princess made +merry with the antics of her royal adorer, while her vanity at least, if +not her affection, was really touched, and there was one great round of +court festivities in her honour, at which the King and herself were ever +the central figures. But Conde was not at all amused. Not liking the +part assigned to him in the comedy thus skilfully arranged by his cousin +king, never much enamoured of his bride, while highly appreciating the +100,000 livres of pension, he remonstrated violently with his wife, +bitterly reproached the King, and made himself generally offensive. +"The Prince is here," wrote Henry to Sully, "and is playing the very +devil. You would be in a rage and be ashamed of the things he says of +me. But at last I am losing patience, and am resolved to give him a bit +of my mind." He wrote in the same terms to Montmorency. The Constable, +whose conduct throughout the affair was odious and pitiable, promised to +do his best to induce the Prince, instead of playing the devil, to listen +to reason, as he and the Duchess of Angouleme understood reason. + +Henry had even the ineffable folly to appeal to the Queen to use her +influence with the refractory Conde. Mary de' Medici replied that there +were already thirty go-betweens at work, and she had no idea of being the +thirty-first--[Henrard, 30]. + +Conde, surrounded by a conspiracy against his honour and happiness, +suddenly carried off his wife to the country, much to the amazement and +rage of Henry. + +In the autumn he entertained a hunting party at a seat of his, the Abbey +of Verneuille, on the borders of Picardy. De Traigny, governor of +Amiens, invited the Prince, Princess, and the Dowager-Princess to a +banquet at his chateau not far from the Abbey. On their road thither +they passed a group of huntsmen and grooms in the royal livery. Among +them was an aged lackey with a plaister over one eye, holding a couple of +hounds in leash. The Princess recognized at a glance under that +ridiculous disguise the King. + +"What a madman!" she murmured as she passed him, "I will never forgive +you;" but as she confessed many years afterwards, this act of gallantly +did not displease her.' + +In truth, even in mythological fable, Trove has scarcely ever reduced +demi-god or hero to more fantastic plight than was this travesty of the +great Henry. After dinner Madame de Traigny led her fair guest about the +castle to show her the various points of view. At one window she paused, +saying that it commanded a particularly fine prospect. + +The Princess looked from it across a courtyard, and saw at an opposite +window an old gentleman holding his left hand tightly upon his heart to +show that it was wounded, and blowing kisses to her with the other: "My +God! it is the King himself," she cried to her hostess. The princess +with this exclamation rushed from the window, feeling or affecting much +indignation, ordered horses to her carriage instantly, and overwhelmed +Madame de Traigny with reproaches. The King himself, hastening to the +scene, was received with passionate invectives, and in vain attempted to +assuage the Princess's wrath and induce her to remain. + +They left the chateau at once, both Prince and Princess. + +One night, not many weeks afterwards, the Due de Sully, in the Arsenal at +Paris, had just got into bed at past eleven o'clock when he received a +visit from Captain de Praslin, who walked straight into his bed-chamber, +informing him that the King instantly required his presence. + +Sully remonstrated. He was obliged to rise at three the next morning, +he said, enumerating pressing and most important work which Henry +required to be completed with all possible haste. "The King said you +would be very angry," replied Praslin; "but there is no help for it. +Come you must, for the man you know of has gone out of the country, as +you said he would, and has carried away the lady on the crupper behind +him." + +"Ho, ho," said the Duke, "I am wanted for that affair, am I?" And the +two proceeded straightway to the Louvre, and were ushered, of all +apartments in the world, into the Queen's bedchamber. Mary de' Medici +had given birth only four days before to an infant, Henrietta Maria, +future queen of Charles I. of England. The room was crowded with +ministers and courtiers; Villeroy, the Chancellor, Bassompierre, and +others, being stuck against the wall at small intervals like statues, +dumb, motionless, scarcely daring to breathe. The King, with his hands +behind him and his grey beard sunk on his breast, was pacing up and down +the room in a paroxysm of rage and despair. + +"Well," said he, turning to Sully as he entered, "our man has gone off +and carried everything with him. What do you say to that?" + +The Duke beyond the boding "I told you so" phrase of consolation which +he was entitled to use, having repeatedly warned his sovereign that +precisely this catastrophe was impending, declined that night to offer +advice. He insisted on sleeping on it. The manner in which the +proceedings of the King at this juncture would be regarded by the +Archdukes Albert and Isabella--for there could be no doubt that Conde had +escaped to their territory--and by the King of Spain, in complicity with +whom the step had unquestionably been taken--was of gravest political +importance. + +Henry had heard the intelligence but an hour before. He was at cards in +his cabinet with Bassompierre and others when d'Elbene entered and made a +private communication to him. "Bassompierre, my friend," whispered the +King immediately in that courtier's ear, "I am lost. This man has +carried his wife off into a wood. I don't know if it is to kill her or +to take her out of France. Take care of my money and keep up the game." + +Bassompierre followed the king shortly afterwards and brought him his +money. He said that he had never seen a man so desperate, so +transported. + +The matter was indeed one of deepest and universal import. The reader +has seen by the preceding narrative how absurd is the legend often +believed in even to our own days that war was made by France upon the +Archdukes and upon Spain to recover the Princess of Conde from captivity +in Brussels. + +From contemporary sources both printed and unpublished; from most +confidential conversations and revelations, we have seen how broad, +deliberate, and deeply considered were the warlike and political +combinations in the King's ever restless brain. But although the +abduction of the new Helen by her own Menelaus was not the cause of the +impending, Iliad, there is no doubt whatever that the incident had much +to do with the crisis, was the turning point in a great tragedy, and that +but for the vehement passion of the King for this youthful princess +events might have developed themselves on a far different scale from that +which they were destined to assume. For this reason a court intrigue, +which history under other conditions might justly disdain, assumes vast +proportions and is taken quite away from the scandalous chronicle which +rarely busies itself with grave affairs of state. + +"The flight of Conde," wrote Aerssens, "is the catastrophe to the comedy +which has been long enacting. 'Tis to be hoped that the sequel may not +prove tragical." + +"The Prince," for simply by that title he was usually called to +distinguish him from all other princes in France, was next of blood. +Had Henry no sons, he would have succeeded him on the throne. It was a +favourite scheme of the Spanish party to invalidate Henry's divorce from +Margaret of Valois, and thus to cast doubts on the legitimacy of the +Dauphin and the other children of Mary de' Medici. + +The Prince in the hands of the Spanish government might prove a docile +and most dangerous instrument to the internal repose of France not only +after Henry's death but in his life-time. Conde's character was +frivolous, unstable, excitable, weak, easy to be played upon by designing +politicians, and he had now the deepest cause for anger and for indulging +in ambitious dreams. + +He had been wont during this unhappy first year of his marriage to loudly +accuse Henry of tyranny, and was now likely by public declaration to +assign that as the motive of his flight. Henry had protested in reply +that he had never been guilty of tyranny but once in his life, and that +was when he allowed this youth to take the name and title of Conde? + +For the Princess-Dowager his mother had lain for years in prison, under +the terrible accusation of having murdered her husband, in complicity +with her paramour, a Gascon page, named Belcastel. The present prince +had been born several months after his reputed father's death. Henry, +out of good nature, or perhaps for less creditable reasons, had come to +the rescue of the accused princess, and had caused the process to be +stopped, further enquiry to be quashed, and the son to be recognized as +legitimate Prince of Conde. The Dowager had subsequently done her best +to further the King's suit to her son's wife, for which the Prince +bitterly reproached her to her face, heaping on her epithets which she +well deserved. + +Henry at once began to threaten a revival of the criminal suit, with a +view of bastardizing him again, although the Dowager had acted on all +occasions with great docility in Henry's interests. + +The flight of the Prince and Princess was thus not only an incident of +great importance to the internal politics of trance, but had a direct and +important bearing on the impending hostilities. Its intimate connection +with the affairs of the Netherland commonwealth was obvious. It was +probable that the fugitives would make their way towards the Archdukes' +territory, and that afterwards their first point of destination would be +Breda, of which Philip William of Orange, eldest brother of Prince +Maurice, was the titular proprietor. Since the truce recently concluded +the brothers, divided so entirely by politics and religion, could meet +on fraternal and friendly terms, and Breda, although a city of the +Commonwealth, received its feudal lord. The Princess of Orange was the +sister of Conde. The morning after the flight the King, before daybreak, +sent for the Dutch ambassador. He directed him to despatch a courier +forthwith to Barneveld, notifying him that the Prince had left the +kingdom without the permission or knowledge of his sovereign, and stating +the King's belief that he had fled to the territory of the Archdukes. If +he should come to Breda or to any other place within the jurisdiction of +the States, they were requested to make sure of his person at once, and +not to permit him to retire until further instructions should be received +from the King. De Praslin, captain of the body-guards and lieutenant of +Champagne, it was further mentioned, was to be sent immediately on secret +mission concerning this affair to the States and to the Archdukes. + +The King suspected Conde of crime, so the Advocate was to be informed. +He believed him to be implicated in the conspiracy of Poitou; the six who +had been taken prisoners having confessed that they had thrice conferred +with a prince at Paris, and that the motive of the plot was to free +themselves and France from the tyranny of Henry IV. The King insisted +peremptorily, despite of any objections from Aerssens, that the thing +must be done and his instructions carried out to the letter. So much he +expected of the States, and they should care no more for ulterior +consequences, he said, than he had done for the wrath of Spain when he +frankly undertook their cause. Conde was important only because his +relative, and he declared that if the Prince should escape, having once +entered the territory of the Republic, he should lay the blame on its +government. + +"If you proceed languidly in the affair," wrote Aerssens to Barneveld, +"our affairs will suffer for ever." + +Nobody at court believed in the Poitou conspiracy, or that Conde had any +knowledge of it. The reason of his flight was a mystery to none, but as +it was immediately followed by an intrigue with Spain, it seemed +ingenious to Henry to make, use of a transparent pretext to conceal the +ugliness of the whole affair. + +He hoped that the Prince would be arrested at Breda and sent back by the +States. Villeroy said that if it was not done, they would be guilty of +black ingratitude. It would be an awkward undertaking, however, and the +States devoutly prayed that they might not be put to the test. The +crafty Aerssens suggested to Barneveld that if Conde was not within their +territory it would be well to assure the King that, had he been there, he +would have been delivered up at once. "By this means," said the +Ambassador, "you will give no cause of offence to the Prince, and will at +the same time satisfy the King. It is important that he should think +that you depend immediately upon him. If you see that after his arrest +they take severe measures against him, you will have a thousand ways of +parrying the blame which posterity might throw upon you. History teaches +you plenty of them." + +He added that neither Sully nor anyone else thought much of the Poitou +conspiracy. Those implicated asserted that they had intended to raise +troops there to assist the King in the Cleve expedition. Some people +said that Henry had invented this plot against his throne and life. The +Ambassador, in a spirit of prophecy, quoted the saying of Domitian: +"Misera conditio imperantium quibus de conspiratione non creditor nisi +occisis." + +Meantime the fugitives continued their journey. The Prince was +accompanied by one of his dependants, a rude officer, de Rochefort, who +carried the Princess on a pillion behind him. She had with her a lady- +in-waiting named du Certeau and a lady's maid named Philippote. She had +no clothes but those on her back, not even a change of linen. Thus the +young and delicate lady made the wintry journey through the forests. +They crossed the frontier at Landrecies, then in the Spanish Netherlands, +intending to traverse the Archduke's territory in order to reach Breda, +where Conde meant to leave his wife in charge of his sister, the Princess +of Orange, and then to proceed to Brussels. + +He wrote from the little inn at Landrecies to notify the Archduke of his +project. He was subsequently informed that Albert would not prevent his +passing through his territories, but should object to his making a fixed +residence within them. The Prince also wrote subsequently to the King of +Spain and to the King of France. + +To Henry he expressed his great regret at being obliged to leave the +kingdom in order to save his honour and his life, but that he had no +intention of being anything else than his very humble and faithful +cousin, subject, and servant. He would do nothing against his service, +he said, unless forced thereto, and he begged the King not to take it +amiss if he refused to receive letters from any one whomsoever at court, +saving only such letters as his Majesty himself might honour him by +writing. + +The result of this communication to the King was of course to enrage that +monarch to the utmost, and his first impulse on finding that the Prince +was out of his reach was to march to Brussels at once and take possession +of him and the Princess by main force. More moderate counsels prevailed +for the moment however, and negotiations were attempted. + +Praslin did not contrive to intercept the fugitives, but the States- +General, under the advice of Barneveld, absolutely forbade their coming +to Breda or entering any part of their jurisdiction. The result of +Conde's application to the King of Spain was an ultimate offer of +assistance and asylum, through a special emissary, one Anover; for the +politicians of Madrid were astute enough to see what a card the Prince +might prove in their hands. + +Henry instructed his ambassador in Spain to use strong and threatening +language in regard to the harbouring a rebel and a conspirator against +the throne of France; while on the other hand he expressed his +satisfaction with the States for having prohibited the Prince from +entering their territory. He would have preferred, he said, if they had +allowed him entrance and forbidden his departure, but on the whole he was +content. It was thought in Paris that the Netherland government had +acted with much adroitness in thus abstaining both from a violation of +the law of nations and from giving offence to the King. + +A valet of Conde was taken with some papers of the Prince about him, +which proved a determination on his part never to return to France during +the lifetime of Henry. They made no statement of the cause of his +flight, except to intimate that it might be left to the judgment of +every one, as it was unfortunately but too well known to all. + +Refused entrance into the Dutch territory, the Prince was obliged to +renounce his project in regard to Breda, and brought his wife to +Brussels. He gave Bentivoglio, the Papal nuncio, two letters to forward +to Italy, one to the Pope, the other to his nephew, Cardinal Borghese. +Encouraged by the advices which he had received from Spain, he justified +his flight from France both by the danger to his honour and to his life, +recommending both to the protection of his Holiness and his Eminence. +Bentivoglio sent the letters, but while admitting the invincible reasons +for his departure growing out of the King's pursuit of the Princess, he +refused all credence to the pretended violence against Conde himself. +Conde informed de Praslin that he would not consent to return to France. +Subsequently he imposed as conditions of return that the King should +assign to him certain cities and strongholds in Guienne, of which +province he was governor, far from Paris and very near the Spanish +frontier; a measure dictated by Spain and which inflamed Henry's wrath +almost to madness. The King insisted on his instant return, placing +himself and of course the Princess entirely in his hands and receiving a +full pardon for this effort to save his honour. The Prince and Princess +of Orange came from Breda to Brussels to visit their brother and his +wife. Here they established them in the Palace of Nassau, once the +residence in his brilliant youth of William the Silent; a magnificent +mansion, surrounded by park and garden, built on the brow of the almost +precipitous hill, beneath which is spread out so picturesquely the +antique and beautiful capital of Brabant. + +The Archdukes received them with stately courtesy at their own palace. +On their first ceremonious visit to the sovereigns of the land, the +formal Archduke, coldest and chastest of mankind, scarcely lifted his +eyes to gaze on the wondrous beauty of the Princess, yet assured her +after he had led her through a portrait gallery of fair women that +formerly these had been accounted beauties, but that henceforth it was +impossible to speak of any beauty but her own. + +The great Spinola fell in love with her at once, sent for the illustrious +Rubens from Antwerp to paint her portrait, and offered Mademoiselle de +Chateau Vert 10,000 crowns in gold if she would do her best to further +his suit with her mistress. The Genoese banker-soldier made love, war, +and finance on a grand scale. He gave a magnificent banquet and ball in +her honour on Twelfth Night, and the festival was the wonder of the town. +Nothing like it had been seen in Brussels for years. At six in the +evening Spinola in splendid costume, accompanied by Don Luis Velasco, +Count Ottavio Visconti, Count Bucquoy, with other nobles of lesser note, +drove to the Nassau Palace to bring the Prince and Princess and their +suite to the Marquis's mansion. Here a guard of honour of thirty +musketeers was standing before the door, and they were conducted from +their coaches by Spinola preceded by twenty-four torch-bearers up the +grand staircase to a hall, where they were received by the Princesses of +Mansfeld, Velasco, and other distinguished dames. Thence they were led +through several apartments rich with tapestry and blazing with crystal +and silver plate to a splendid saloon where was a silken canopy, under +which the Princess of Conde and the Princess of Orange seated themselves, +the Nuncius Bentivoglio to his delight being placed next the beautiful +Margaret. After reposing for a little while they were led to the ball- +room, brilliantly lighted with innumerable torches of perfumed wax and +hung with tapestry of gold and silk, representing in fourteen embroidered +designs the chief military exploits of Spinola. Here the banquet, a cold +collation, was already spread on a table decked and lighted with regal +splendour. As soon as the guests were seated, an admirable concert of +instrumental music began. Spinola walked up and down providing for the +comforts of his company, the Duke of Aumale stood behind the two +princesses to entertain them with conversation, Don Luis Velasco served +the Princess of Conde with plates, handed her the dishes, the wine, the +napkins, while Bucquoy and Visconti in like manner waited upon the +Princess of Orange; other nobles attending to the other ladies. Forty- +eight pages in white, yellow, and red scarves brought and removed the +dishes. The dinner, of courses innumerable, lasted two hours and a half, +and the ladies, being thus fortified for the more serious business of the +evening, were led to the tiring-rooms while the hall was made ready for +dancing. The ball was opened by the Princess of Conde and Spinola, and +lasted until two in the morning. As the apartment grew warm, two of the +pages went about with long staves and broke all the windows until not a +single pane of glass remained. The festival was estimated by the thrifty +chronicler of Antwerp to have cost from 3000 to 4000 crowns. It was, he +says, "an earthly paradise of which soon not a vapour remained." He +added that he gave a detailed account of it "not because he took pleasure +in such voluptuous pomp and extravagance, but that one might thus learn +the vanity of the world." These courtesies and assiduities on the part +of the great "shopkeeper," as the Constable called him, had so much +effect, if not on the Princess, at least on Conde himself, that he +threatened to throw his wife out of window if she refused to caress +Spinola. These and similar accusations were made by the father and aunt +when attempting to bring about a divorce of the Princess from her +husband. The Nuncius Bentivoglio, too, fell in love with her, devoting +himself to her service, and his facile and eloquent pen to chronicling +her story. Even poor little Philip of Spain in the depths of the +Escurial heard of her charms, and tried to imagine himself in love with +her by proxy. + +Thenceforth there was a succession of brilliant festivals in honour of +the Princess. The Spanish party was radiant with triumph, the French +maddened with rage. Henry in Paris was chafing like a lion at bay. A +petty sovereign whom he could crush at one vigorous bound was protecting +the lady for whose love he was dying. He had secured Conde's exclusion +from Holland, but here were the fugitives splendidly established in +Brussels; the Princess surrounded by most formidable suitors, the Prince +encouraged in his rebellious and dangerous schemes by the power which the +King most hated on earth, and whose eternal downfall he had long since +sworn to accomplish. + +For the weak and frivolous Conde began to prattle publicly of his deep +projects of revenge. Aided by Spanish money and Spanish troops he would +show one day who was the real heir to the throne of France--the +illegitimately born Dauphin or himself. + +The King sent for the first president of Parliament, Harlay, and +consulted with him as to the proper means of reviving the suppressed +process against the Dowager and of publicly degrading Conde from his +position of first prince of the blood which he had been permitted to +usurp. He likewise procured a decree accusing him of high-treason and +ordering him to be punished at his Majesty's pleasure, to be prepared +by the Parliament of Paris; going down to the court himself in his +impatience and seating himself in everyday costume on the bench of +judges to see that it was immediately proclaimed. + +Instead of at once attacking the Archdukes in force as he intended in +the first ebullition of his wrath, he resolved to send de Boutteville- +Montmorency, a relative of the Constable, on special and urgent mission +to Brussels. He was to propose that Conde and his wife should return +with the Prince and Princess of Orange to Breda, the King pledging +himself that for three or four months nothing should be undertaken +against him. Here was a sudden change of determination fit to surprise +the States-General, but the King's resolution veered and whirled about +hourly in the tempests of his wrath and love. + +That excellent old couple, the Constable and the Duchess of Angouleme, +did their best to assist their sovereign in his fierce attempts to get +their daughter and niece into his power. + +The Constable procured a piteous letter to be written to Archduke Albert, +signed "Montmorency his mark," imploring him not to "suffer that his +daughter, since the Prince refused to return to France, should leave +Brussels to be a wanderer about the world following a young prince who +had no fixed purpose in his mind." + +Archduke Albert, through his ambassador in Paris, Peter Pecquius, +suggested the possibility of a reconciliation between Henry and his +kinsman, and offered himself as intermediary. He enquired whether the +King would find it agreeable that he should ask for pardon in name of the +Prince. Henry replied that he was willing that the Archduke should +accord to Conde secure residence for the time within his dominions on +three inexorable conditions:--firstly, that the Prince should ask for +pardon without any stipulations, the King refusing to listen to any +treaty or to assign him towns or places of security as had been vaguely +suggested, and holding it utterly unreasonable that a man sueing for +pardon should, instead of deserved punishment, talk of terms and +acquisitions; secondly, that, if Conde should reject the proposition, +Albert should immediately turn him out of his country, showing himself +justly irritated at finding his advice disregarded; thirdly, that, +sending away the Prince, the Archduke should forthwith restore the +Princess to her father the Constable and her aunt Angouleme, who had +already made their petitions to Albert and Isabella for that end, to +which the King now added his own most particular prayers. + +If the Archduke should refuse consent to these three conditions, Henry +begged that he would abstain from any farther attempt to effect a +reconciliation and not suffer Conde to remain any longer within his +territories. + +Pecquius replied that he thought his master might agree to the two first +propositions while demurring to the third, as it would probably not seem +honourable to him to separate man and wife, and as it was doubtful +whether the Princess would return of her own accord. + +The King, in reporting the substance of this conversation to Aerssens, +intimated his conviction that they were only wishing in Brussels to gain +time; that they were waiting for letters from Spain, which they were +expecting ever since the return of Conde's secretary from Milan, whither +he had been sent to confer with the Governor, Count Fuentes. He said +farther that he doubted whether the Princess would go to Breda, which he +should now like, but which Conde would not now permit. This he imputed +in part to the Princess of Orange, who had written a letter full of +invectives against himself to the Dowager--Princess of Conde which she +had at once sent to him. Henry expressed at the same time his great +satisfaction with the States-General and with Barneveld in this affair, +repeating his assurances that they were the truest and best friends he +had. + +The news of Conde's ceremonious visit to Leopold in Julich could not fail +to exasperate the King almost as much as the pompous manner in which he +was subsequently received at Brussels; Spinola and the Spanish Ambassador +going forth to meet him. At the same moment the secretary of Vaucelles, +Henry's ambassador in Madrid, arrived in Paris, confirming the King's +suspicions that Conde's flight had been concerted with Don Inigo de +Cardenas, and was part of a general plot of Spain against the peace of +the kingdom. The Duc d'Epernon, one of the most dangerous plotters at +the court, and deep in the intimacy of the Queen and of all the secret +adherents of the Spanish policy, had been sojourning a long time at Metz, +under pretence of attending to his health, had sent his children to +Spain, as hostages according to Henry's belief, had made himself master +of the citadel, and was turning a deaf ear to all the commands of the +King. + +The supporters of Conde in France were openly changing their note and +proclaiming by the Prince's command that he had left the kingdom in order +to preserve his quality of first prince of the blood, and that he meant +to make good his right of primogeniture against the Dauphin and all +competitors. + +Such bold language and such open reliance on the support of Spain in +disputing the primogeniture of the Dauphin were fast driving the most +pacifically inclined in France into enthusiasm for the war. + +The States, too, saw their opportunity more vividly every day. "What +could we desire more," wrote Aerssens to Barneveld, "than open war +between France and Spain? Posterity will for ever blame us if we reject +this great occasion." + +Peter Pecquius, smoothest and sliest of diplomatists, did his best to +make things comfortable, for there could be little doubt that his masters +most sincerely deprecated war. On their heads would come the first +blows, to their provinces would return the great desolation out of which +they had hardly emerged. Still the Archduke, while racking his brains +for the means of accommodation, refused, to his honour, to wink at any +violation of the law of nations, gave a secret promise, in which the +Infanta joined, that the Princess should not be allowed to leave Brussels +without her husband's permission, and resolutely declined separating the +pair except with the full consent of both. In order to protect himself +from the King's threats, he suggested sending Conde to some neutral place +for six or eight months, to Prague, to Breda, or anywhere else; but Henry +knew that Conde would never allow this unless he had the means by Spanish +gold of bribing the garrison there, and so of holding the place in +pretended neutrality, but in reality at the devotion of the King of +Spain. + +Meantime Henry had despatched the Marquis de Coeuvres, brother of the +beautiful Gabrielle, Duchess de Beaufort, and one of the most audacious +and unscrupulous of courtiers, on a special mission to Brussels. De +Coeuvres saw Conde before presenting his credentials to the Archduke, and +found him quite impracticable. Acting under the advice of the Prince of +Orange, he expressed his willingness to retire to some neutral city of +Germany or Italy, drawing meanwhile from Henry a pension of 40,000 crowns +a year. But de Coeuvres firmly replied that the King would make no terms +with his vassal nor allow Conde to prescribe conditions to him. To leave +him in Germany or Italy, he said, was to leave him in the dependence of +Spain. The King would not have this constant apprehension of her +intrigues while, living, nor leave such matter in dying for turbulence in +his kingdom. If it appeared that the Spaniards wished to make use of the +Prince for such purposes, he would be beforehand with them, and show them +how much more injury he could inflict on Spain than they on France. +Obviously committed to Spain, Conde replied to the entreaties of the +emissary that if the King would give him half his kingdom he would not +accept the offer nor return to France; at least before the 8th of +February, by which date he expected advices from Spain. He had given his +word, he said, to lend his ear to no overtures before that time. He made +use of many threats, and swore that he would throw himself entirely into +the arms of the Spanish king if Henry would not accord him the terms +which he had proposed. + +To do this was an impossibility. To grant him places of security would, +as the King said, be to plant a standard for all the malcontents of +France to rally around. Conde had evidently renounced all hopes of a +reconciliation, however painfully his host the Archduke might intercede +for it. He meant to go to Spain. Spinola was urging this daily and +hourly, said Henry, for he had fallen in love with the Princess, who +complained of all these persecutions in her letters to her father, and +said that she would rather die than go to Spain. + +The King's advices from de Coeuvres were however to the effect that the +step would probably be taken, that the arrangements were making, and that +Spinola had been shut up with Conde six hours long with nobody present +but Rochefort and a certain counsellor of the Prince of Orange named +Keeremans. + +Henry was taking measures to intercept them on their flight by land, but +there was some thought of their proceeding to Spain by sea. He therefore +requested the States to send two ships of war, swift sailors, well +equipped, one to watch in the roads of St. Jean and the other on the +English coast. These ships were to receive their instructions from +Admiral de Vicq, who would be well informed of all the movements of +the Prince and give warning to the captains of the Dutch vessels by a +preconcerted signal. The King begged that Barneveld would do him this +favour, if he loved him, and that none might have knowledge of it but +the Advocate and Prince Maurice. The ships would be required for two +or three months only, but should be equipped and sent forth as soon +as possible. + +The States had no objection to performing this service, although it +subsequently proved to be unnecessary, and they were quite ready at that +moment to go openly into the war to settle the affairs of Clove, and once +for all to drive the Spaniards out of the Netherlands and beyond seas and +mountains. Yet strange to say, those most conversant with the state of +affairs could not yet quite persuade themselves that matters were +serious, and that the King's mind was fixed. Should Conde return, +renounce his Spanish stratagems, and bring back the Princess to court, it +was felt by the King's best and most confidential friends that all might +grow languid again, the Spanish faction get the upper hand in the King's +councils, and the States find themselves in a terrible embarrassment. + +On the other hand, the most prying and adroit of politicians were puzzled +to read the signs of the times. Despite Henry's garrulity, or perhaps in +consequence of it, the envoys of Spain, the Empire, and of Archduke +Albert were ignorant whether peace were likely to be broken or not, in +spite of rumours which filled the air. So well had the secrets been kept +which the reader has seen discussed in confidential conversations--the +record of which has always remained unpublished--between the King and +those admitted to his intimacy that very late in the winter Pecquius, +while sadly admitting to his masters that the King was likely to take +part against the Emperor in the affair of the duchies, expressed the +decided opinion that it would be limited to the secret sending of succour +to Brandenburg and Neuburg as formerly to the United Provinces, but that +he would never send troops into Cleve, or march thither himself. + +It is important, therefore, to follow closely the development of these +political and amorous intrigues, for they furnish one of the most curious +and instructive lessons of history; there being not the slightest doubt +that upon their issue chiefly depended the question of a great and +general war. + +Pecquius, not yet despairing that his master would effect a +reconciliation between the King and Conde, proposed again that the Prince +should be permitted to reside for a time in some place not within the +jurisdiction of Spain or of the Archdukes, being allowed meantime to draw +his annual pension of 100,000 livres. Henry ridiculed the idea of +Conde's drawing money from him while occupying his time abroad with +intrigues against his throne and his children's succession. He scoffed +at the Envoy's pretences that Conde was not in receipt of money from +Spain, as if a man so needy and in so embarrassing a position could live +without money from some source; and as if he were not aware, from his +correspondents in Spain, that funds were both promised and furnished to +the Prince. + +He repeated his determination not to accord him pardon unless he returned +to France, which he had no cause to leave, and, turning suddenly on +Pecquius, demanded why, the subject of reconciliation having failed, the +Archduke did not immediately fulfil his promise of turning Conde out of +his dominions. + +Upon this Albert's minister drew back with the air of one amazed, asking +how and when the Archduke had ever made such a promise. + +"To the Marquis de Coeuvres," replied Henry. + +Pecquius asked if his ears had not deceived him, and if the King had +really said that de Coeuvres had made such a statement. + +Henry repeated and confirmed the story. + +Upon the Minister's reply that he had himself received no such +intelligence from the Archduke, the King suddenly changed his tone, +and said, + +"No, I was mistaken--I was confused--the Marquis never wrote me this; but +did you not say yourself that I might be assured that there would be no +difficulty about it if the Prince remained obstinate." + +Pecquius replied that he had made such a proposition to his masters by +his Majesty's request; but there had been no answer received, nor time +for one, as the hope of reconciliation had not yet been renounced. He +begged Henry to consider whether, without instructions from his master, +he could have thus engaged his word. + +"Well," said the King, "since you disavow it, I see very well that the +Archduke has no wish to give me pleasure, and that these are nothing but +tricks that you have been amusing me with all this time. Very good; each +of us will know what we have to do." + +Pecquius considered that the King had tried to get him into a net, and to +entrap him into the avowal of a promise which he had never made. Henry +remained obstinate in his assertions, notwithstanding all the envoy's +protestations. + +"A fine trick, indeed, and unworthy of a king, 'Si dicere fas est,'" he +wrote to Secretary of State Praets. "But the force of truth is such that +he who spreads the snare always tumbles into the ditch himself." + +Henry concluded the subject of Conde at this interview by saying that he +could have his pardon on the conditions already named, and not otherwise. + +He also made some complaints about Archduke Leopold, who, he said, +notwithstanding his demonstrations of wishing a treaty of compromise, +was taking towns by surprise which he could not hold, and was getting his +troops massacred on credit. + +Pecquius expressed the opinion that it would be better to leave the +Germans to make their own arrangements among themselves, adding that +neither his masters nor the King of Spain meant to mix themselves up in +the matter. + +"Let them mix themselves in it or keep out of it, as they like," said +Henry, "I shall not fail to mix myself up in it." + +The King was marvellously out of humour. + +Before finishing the interview, he asked Pecquius whether Marquis Spinola +was going to Spain very soon, as he had permission from his Majesty to do +so, and as he had information that he would be on the road early in Lent. +The Minister replied that this would depend on the will of the Archduke, +and upon various circumstances. The answer seemed to displease the King, +and Pecquius was puzzled to know why. He was not aware, of course, of +Henry's project to kidnap the Marquis on the road, and keep him as a +surety for Conde. + +The Envoy saw Villeroy after the audience, who told him not to mind the +King's ill-temper, but to bear it as patiently as he could. His Majesty +could not digest, he said, his infinite displeasure at the obstinacy of +the Prince; but they must nevertheless strive for a reconciliation. The +King was quick in words, but slow in deeds, as the Ambassador might have +observed before, and they must all try to maintain peace, to which he +would himself lend his best efforts. + +As the Secretary of State was thoroughly aware that the King was making +vast preparations for war, and had given in his own adhesion to the +project, it is refreshing to observe the candour with which he assured +the representative of the adverse party of his determination that +friendliest relations should be preserved. + +It is still more refreshing to find Villeroy, the same afternoon, warmly +uniting with Sully, Lesdiguieres, and the Chancellor, in the decision +that war should begin forthwith. + +For the King held a council at the Arsenal immediately after this +interview with Pecquius, in which he had become convinced that Conde +would never return. He took the Queen with him, and there was not a +dissentient voice as to the necessity of beginning hostilities at once. + +Sully, however, was alone in urging that the main force of the attack +should be in the north, upon the Rhine and Meuse. Villeroy and those who +were secretly in the Spanish interest were for beginning it with the +southern combination and against Milan. Sully believed the Duke of Savoy +to be variable and attached in his heart to Spain, and he thought it +contrary to the interests of France to permit an Italian prince to grow +so great on her frontier. He therefore thoroughly disapproved the plan, +and explained to the Dutch ambassador that all this urgency to carry on +the war in the south came from hatred to the United Provinces, jealousy +of their aggrandizement, detestation of the Reformed religion, and hope +to engage Henry in a campaign which he could not carry on successfully. +But he assured Aerssens that he had the means of counteracting these +designs and of bringing on an invasion for obtaining possession of the +Meuse. If the possessory princes found Henry making war in the Milanese +only, they would feel themselves ruined, and might throw up the game. +He begged that Barneveld would come on to Paris at once, as now or never +was the moment to assure the Republic for all time. + +The King had acted with malicious adroitness in turning the tables upon +the Prince and treating him as a rebel and a traitor because, to save his +own and his wife's honour, he had fled from a kingdom where he had but +too good reason to suppose that neither was safe. The Prince, with +infinite want of tact, had played into the King's hands. He had bragged +of his connection with Spain and of his deep designs, and had shown to +all the world that he was thenceforth but an instrument in the hands of +the Spanish cabinet, while all the world knew the single reason for which +he had fled. + +The King, hopeless now of compelling the return of Conde, had become most +anxious to separate him from his wife. Already the subject of divorce +between the two had been broached, and it being obvious that the Prince +would immediately betake himself into the Spanish dominions, the King was +determined that the Princess should not follow him thither. + +He had the incredible effrontery and folly to request the Queen to +address a letter to her at Brussels, urging her to return to France. +But Mary de' Medici assured her husband that she had no intention of +becoming his assistant, using, to express her thought, the plainest and +most vigorous word that the Italian language could supply. Henry had +then recourse once more to the father and aunt. + +That venerable couple being about to wait upon the Archduke's envoy, in +compliance with the royal request, Pecquius, out of respect to their +advanced age, went to the Constable's residence. Here both the Duchess +and Constable, with tears in their eyes, besought that diplomatist to do +his utmost to prevent the Princess from the sad fate of any longer +sharing her husband's fortunes. + +The father protested that he would never have consented to her marriage, +preferring infinitely that she should have espoused any honest gentleman +with 2000 crowns a year than this first prince of the blood, with a +character such as it had proved to be; but that he had not dared to +disobey the King. + +He spoke of the indignities and cruelties to which she was subjected, +said that Rochefort, whom Conde had employed to assist him in their +flight from France, and on the crupper of whose horse the Princess had +performed the journey, was constantly guilty of acts of rudeness and +incivility towards her; that but a few days past he had fired off pistols +in her apartment where she was sitting alone with the Princess of Orange, +exclaiming that this was the way he would treat anyone who interfered +with the commands of his master, Conde; that the Prince was incessantly +railing at her for refusing to caress the Marquis of Spinola; and that, +in short, he would rather she were safe in the palace of the Archduchess +Isabella, even in the humblest position among her gentlewomen, than to +know her vagabondizing miserably about the world with her husband. + +This, he said, was the greatest fear he had, and he would rather see her +dead than condemned to such a fate. + +He trusted that the Archdukes were incapable of believing the stories +that he and the Duchess of Angouleme were influenced in the appeals they +made for the separation of the Prince and Princess by a desire to serve +the purposes of the King. Those were fables put about by Conde. All +that the Constable and his sister desired was that the Archduchess would +receive the Princess kindly when she should throw herself at her feet, +and not allow her to be torn away against her will. The Constable spoke +with great gravity and simplicity, and with all the signs of genuine +emotion, and Peter Pecquius was much moved. He assured the aged pair +that he would do his best to comply with their wishes, and should +immediately apprise the Archdukes of the interview which had just taken +place. Most certainly they were entirely disposed to gratify the +Constable and the Duchess as well as the Princess herself, whose virtues, +qualities, and graces had inspired them with affection, but it must be +remembered that the law both human and divine required wives to submit +themselves to the commands of their husbands and to be the companions of +their good and evil fortunes. Nevertheless, he hoped that the Lord would +so conduct the affairs of the Prince of Conde that the Most Christian +King and the Archdukes would all be satisfied. + +These pious and consolatory commonplaces on the part of Peter Pecquius +deeply affected the Constable. He fell upon the Envoy's neck, embraced +him repeatedly, and again wept plentifully. + + + + +CHAPTER, III. + + Strange Scene at the Archduke's Palace--Henry's Plot frustrated-- + His Triumph changed to Despair--Conversation of the Dutch Ambassador + with the King--The War determined upon. + +It was in the latter part of the Carnival, the Saturday night preceding +Shrove Tuesday, 1610. The winter had been a rigorous one in Brussels, +and the snow lay in drifts three feet deep in the streets. Within and +about the splendid palace of Nassau there was much commotion. Lights and +flambeaux were glancing, loud voices, martial music, discharge of pistols +and even of artillery were heard together with the trampling of many +feet, but there was nothing much resembling the wild revelry or cheerful +mummery of that holiday season. A throng of the great nobles of Belgium +with drawn swords and menacing aspect were assembled in the chief +apartments, a detachment of the Archduke's mounted body-guard was +stationed in the courtyard, and five hundred halberdiers of the burgher +guilds kept watch and ward about the palace. + +The Prince of Conde, a square-built, athletic young man of middle +stature, with regular features, but a sulky expression, deepened at +this moment into ferocity, was seen chasing the secretary of the French +resident minister out of the courtyard, thwacking him lustily about the +shoulders with his drawn sword, and threatening to kill him or any other +Frenchman on the spot, should he show himself in that palace. He was +heard shouting rather than speaking, in furious language against the +King, against Coeuvres, against Berny, and bitterly bewailing his +misfortunes, as if his wife were already in Paris instead of Brussels. + +Upstairs in her own apartment which she had kept for some days on pretext +of illness sat the Princess Margaret, in company' of Madame de Berny, +wife of the French minister, and of the Marquis de Coeuvres, Henry's +special envoy, and a few other Frenchmen. She was passionately fond of +dancing. The adoring cardinal described her as marvellously graceful and +perfect in that accomplishment. She had begged her other adorer, the +Marquis Spinola, "with sweetest words," that she might remain a few days +longer in the Nassau Palace before removing to the Archduke's residence, +and that the great general, according to the custom in France and +Flanders, would be the one to present her with the violins. But Spinola, +knowing the artifice concealed beneath these "sweetest words," had +summoned up valour enough to resist her blandishments, and had refused a +second entertainment. + +It was not, therefore, the disappointment at losing her ball that now +made the Princess sad. She and her companions saw that there had been +a catastrophe; a plot discovered. There was bitter disappointment and +deep dismay upon their faces. The plot had been an excellent one. De +Coeuvres had arranged it all, especially instigated thereto by the father +of the Princess acting in concurrence with the King. That night when all +was expected to be in accustomed quiet, the Princess, wrapped in her +mantilla, was to have stolen down into the garden, accompanied only by +her maid the adventurous and faithful Philipotte, to have gone through a +breach which led through a garden wall to the city ramparts, thence +across the foss to the counterscarp, where a number of horsemen under +trustworthy commanders were waiting. Mounting on the crupper behind one +of the officers of the escort, she was then to fly to the frontier, +relays of horses having been provided at every stage until she should +reach Rocroy, the first pausing place within French territory; a perilous +adventure for the young and delicate Princess in a winter of almost +unexampled severity. + +On the very morning of the day assigned for the adventure, despatches +brought by special couriers from the Nuncius and the Spanish ambassador +at Paris gave notice of the plot to the Archdukes and to Conde, although +up to that moment none knew of it in Brussels. Albert, having been +apprised that many Frenchmen had been arriving during the past few days, +and swarming about the hostelries of the city and suburbs, was at once +disposed to believe in the story. When Conde came to him, therefore, +with confirmation from his own letters, and demanding a detachment of the +body-guard in addition to the burgher militiamen already granted by the +magistrates, he made no difficulty granting the request. It was as if +there had been a threatened assault of the city, rather than the +attempted elopement of a young lady escorted by a handful of cavaliers. + +The courtyard of the Nassau Palace was filled with cavalry sent by the +Archduke, while five hundred burgher guards sent by the magistrates were +drawn up around the gate. The noise and uproar, gaining at every moment +more mysterious meaning by the darkness of night, soon spread through the +city. The whole population was awake, and swarming through the streets. +Such a tumult had not for years been witnessed in Brussels, and the +rumour flew about and was generally believed that the King of France at +the head of an army was at the gates of the city determined to carry off +the Princess by force. But although the superfluous and very scandalous +explosion might have been prevented, there could be no doubt that the +stratagem had been defeated. + +Nevertheless, the effrontery and ingenuity of de Coeuvres became now +sublime. Accompanied by his colleague, the resident minister, de Berny, +who was sure not to betray the secret because he had never known it--his +wife alone having been in the confidence of the Princess--he proceeded +straightway to the Archduke's palace, and, late in the night as it was, +insisted on an audience. + +Here putting on his boldest face when admitted to the presence, he +complained loudly of the plot, of which he had just become aware, +contrived by the Prince of Conde to carry off his wife to Spain against +her will, by main force, and by assistance of Flemish nobles, archiducal +body-guard, and burgher militia. + +It was all a plot of Conde, he said, to palliate still more his flight +from France. Every one knew that the Princess could not fly back to +Paris through the air. To take her out of a house filled with people, +to pierce or scale the walls of the city, to arrange her journey by +ordinary means, and to protect the whole route by stations of cavalry, +reaching from Brussels to the frontier, and to do all this in profound +secrecy, was equally impossible. Such a scheme had never been arranged +nor even imagined, he said. The true plotter was Conde, aided by +ministers in Flanders hostile to France, and as the honour of the King +and the reputation of the Princess had been injured by this scandal, the +Ambassador loudly demanded a thorough investigation of the affair in +order that vengeance might fall where it was due. + +The prudent Albert was equal to the occasion. Not wishing to state the +full knowledge which he possessed of de Coeuvres' agency and the King's +complicity in the scheme of abduction to France, he reasoned calmly with +the excited marquis, while his colleague looked and listened in dumb +amazement, having previously been more vociferous and infinitely more +sincere than his colleague in expressions of indignation. + +The Archduke said that he had not thought the plot imputed to the King +and his ambassador very probable. Nevertheless, the assertions of the +Prince had been so positive as to make it impossible to refuse the guards +requested by him. He trusted, however, that the truth would soon be +known, and that it would leave no stain on the Princess, nor give any +offence to the King. + +Surprised and indignant at the turn given to the adventure by the French +envoys, he nevertheless took care to conceal these sentiments, to abstain +from accusation, and calmly to inform them that the Princess next morning +would be established under his own roof; and enjoy the protection of the +Archduchess. + +For it had been arranged several days before that Margaret should leave +the palace of Nassau for that of Albert and Isabella on the 14th, and the +abduction had been fixed for the night of the 13th precisely because the +conspirators wished to profit by the confusion incident on a change of +domicile. + +The irrepressible de Coeuvres, even then hardly willing to give up the +whole stratagem as lost, was at least determined to discover how and by +whom the plot had been revealed. In a cemetery piled three feet deep +with snow on the evening following that mid-winter's night which had been +fixed for the Princess's flight, the unfortunate ambassador waited until +a certain Vallobre, a gentleman of Spinola's, who was the go-between of +the enamoured Genoese and the Princess, but whom de Coeuvres had gained +over, came at last to meet him by appointment. When he arrived, it was +only to inform him of the manner in which he had been baffled, to +convince him that the game was up, and that nothing was left him but to +retreat utterly foiled in his attempt, and to be stigmatized as a +blockhead by his enraged sovereign. + +Next day the Princess removed her residence to the palace of the +Archdukes, where she was treated with distinguished honour by Isabella, +and installed ceremoniously in the most stately, the most virtuous, and +the most dismal of courts. Her father and aunt professed themselves as +highly pleased with the result, and Pecquius wrote that "they were glad +to know her safe from the importunities of the old fop who seemed as mad +as if he had been stung by a tarantula." + +And how had the plot been revealed? Simply through the incorrigible +garrulity of the King himself. Apprised of the arrangement in all its +details by the Constable, who had first received the special couriers of +de Coeuvres, he could not keep the secret to himself for a moment, and +the person of all others in the world to whom he thought good to confide +it was the Queen herself. She received the information with a smile, but +straightway sent for the Nuncius Ubaldini, who at her desire instantly +despatched a special courier to Spinola with full particulars of the time +and mode of the proposed abduction. + +Nevertheless the ingenuous Henry, confiding in the capacity of his deeply +offended queen to keep the secret which he had himself divulged, could +scarcely contain himself for joy. + +Off he went to Saint-Germain with a train of coaches, impatient to get +the first news from de Coeuvres after the scheme should have been carried +into effect, and intending to travel post towards Flanders to meet and +welcome the Princess. + +"Pleasant farce for Shrove Tuesday," wrote the secretary of Pecquius, "is +that which the Frenchmen have been arranging down there! He in whose +favour the abduction is to be made was seen going out the same day +spangled and smart, contrary to his usual fashion, making a gambado +towards Saint-Germain-en-Laye with four carriages and four to meet the +nymph." + +Great was the King's wrath and mortification at this ridiculous exposure +of his detestable scheme. Vociferous were Villeroy's expressions of +Henry's indignation at being supposed to have had any knowledge of or +complicity in the affair. "His Majesty cannot approve of the means one +has taken to guard against a pretended plot for carrying off the +Princess," said the Secretary of State; "a fear which was simulated by +the Prince in order to defame the King." He added that there was no +reason to suspect the King, as he had never attempted anything of the +sort in his life, and that the Archduke might have removed the Princess +to his palace without sending an army to the hotel of the Prince of +Orange, and causing such an alarm in the city, firing artillery on the +rampart as if the town had been full of Frenchmen in arms, whereas one +was ashamed next morning to find that there had been but fifteen in all. +"But it was all Marquis Spinola's fault," he said, "who wished to show +himself off as a warrior." + +The King, having thus through the mouth of his secretary of state warmly +protested against his supposed implication in the attempted abduction, +began as furiously to rail at de Coeuvres for its failure; telling the +Duc de Vendome that his uncle was an idiot, and writing that unlucky +envoy most abusive letters for blundering in the scheme which had been so +well concerted between them. Then he sent for Malherbe, who straightway +perpetrated more poems to express the King's despair, in which Henry was +made to liken himself to a skeleton with a dried skin, and likewise to a +violet turned up by the ploughshare and left to wither. + +He kept up through Madame de Berny a correspondence with "his beautiful +angel," as he called the Princess, whom he chose to consider a prisoner +and a victim; while she, wearied to death with the frigid monotony and +sepulchral gaieties of the archiducal court, which she openly called her +"dungeon" diverted herself with the freaks and fantasies of her royal +adorer, called him in very ill-spelled letters "her chevalier, her heart, +her all the world," and frequently wrote to beg him, at the suggestion of +the intriguing Chateau Vert, to devise some means of rescuing her from +prison. + +The Constable and Duchess meanwhile affected to be sufficiently satisfied +with the state of things. Conde, however, received a letter from the +King, formally summoning him to return to France, and, in case of +refusal, declaring him guilty of high-treason for leaving the kingdom +without the leave and against the express commands of the King. To this +letter, brought to him by de Coeuvres, the Prince replied by a paper, +drawn up and served by a notary of Brussels, to the effect that he had +left France to save his life and honour; that he was ready to return when +guarantees were given him for the security of both. He would live and +die, he said, faithful to the King. But when the King, departing from +the paths of justice, proceeded through those of violence against him, he +maintained that every such act against his person was null and invalid. +Henry had even the incredible meanness and folly to request the Queen to +write to the Archdukes, begging that the Princess might be restored to +assist at her coronation. Mary de' Medici vigorously replied once more +that, although obliged to wink at the King's amours, she declined to be +his procuress. Conde then went off to Milan very soon after the scene +at the Nassau Palace and the removal of the Princess to the care of the +Archdukes. He was very angry with his wife, from whom he expressed a +determination to be divorced, and furious with the King, the validity of +whose second marriage and the legitimacy of whose children he proposed +with Spanish help to dispute. + +The Constable was in favour of the divorce, or pretended to be so, and +caused importunate letters to be written, which he signed, to both Albert +and Isabella, begging that his daughter might be restored to him to be +the staff of his old age, and likewise to be present at the Queen's +coronation. The Archdukes, however, resolutely refused to permit her to +leave their protection without Conde's consent, or until after a divorce +had been effected, notwithstanding that the father and aunt demanded it. +The Constable and Duchess however, acquiesced in the decision, and +expressed immense gratitude to Isabella. + +"The father and aunt have been talking to Pecquius," said Henry very +dismally; "but they give me much pain. They are even colder than the +season, but my fire thaws them as soon as I approach." + +"P. S.--I am so pining away in my anguish that I am nothing but skin and +bones. Nothing gives me pleasure. I fly from company, and if in order +to comply with the law of nations I go into some assembly or other, +instead of enlivening, it nearly kills me."--[Lettres missives de Henri +vii. 834]. + +And the King took to his bed. Whether from gout, fever, or the pangs of +disappointed love, he became seriously ill. Furious with every one, with +Conde, the Constable, de Coeuvres, the Queen, Spinola, with the Prince of +Orange, whose councillor Keeremans had been encouraging Conde in his +rebellion and in going to Spain with Spinola, he was now resolved that +tho war should go on. Aerssens, cautious of saying too much on paper of +this very delicate affair, always intimated to Barneveld that, if the +Princess could be restored, peace was still possible, and that by moving +an inch ahead of the King in the Cleve matter the States at the last +moment might be left in the lurch. He distinctly told the Advocate, on +his expressing a hope that Henry might consent to the Prince's residence +in some neutral place until a reconciliation could be effected, that the +pinch of the matter was not there, and that van der Myle, who knew all +about it, could easily explain it. + +Alluding to the project of reviving the process against the Dowager, and +of divorcing the Prince and Princess, he said these steps would do much +harm, as they would too much justify the true cause of the retreat of the +Prince, who was not believed when he merely talked of his right of +primogeniture: "The matter weighs upon us very heavily," he said, "but +the trouble is that we don't search for the true remedies. The matter is +so delicate that I don't dare to discuss it to the very bottom." + +The Ambassador had a long interview with the King as he lay in his bed +feverish and excited. He was more impatient than ever for the arrival +of the States' special embassy, reluctantly acquiesced in the reasons +assigned for the delay, but trusted that it would arrive soon with +Barneveld at the head, and with Count Lewis William as a member for +"the sword part of it." + +He railed at the Prince of Orange, not believing that Keeremans would +have dared to do what he had done but with the orders of his master. +He said that the King of Spain would supply Conde with money and with +everything he wanted, knowing that he could make use of him to trouble +his kingdom. It was strange, he thought, that Philip should venture to +these extremities with his affairs in such condition, and when he had so +much need of repose. He recalled all his ancient grievances against +Spain, his rights to the Kingdom of Navarre and the County of St. Pol +violated; the conspiracy of Biron, the intrigues of Bouillon, the plots +of the Count of Auvergne and the Marchioness of Verneuil, the treason of +Meragne, the corruption of L'Hoste, and an infinity of other plots of the +King and his ministers; of deep injuries to him and to the public repose, +not to be tolerated by a mighty king like himself, with a grey beard. He +would be revenged, he said, for this last blow, and so for all the rest. +He would not leave a troublesome war on the hands of his young son. The +occasion was favourable. It was just to defend the oppressed princes +with the promptly accorded assistance of the States-General. The King of +Great Britain was favourable. The Duke of Savoy was pledged. It was +better to begin the war in his green old age than to wait the pleasure +and opportunity of the King of Spain. + +All this he said while racked with fever, and dismissed the Envoy at +last, after a long interview, with these words: "Mr. Ambassador--I have +always spoken roundly and frankly to you, and you will one day be my +witness that I have done all that I could to draw the Prince out of the +plight into which he has put himself. But he is struggling for the +succession to this crown under instructions from the Spaniards, to whom +he has entirely pledged himself. He has already received 6000 crowns for +his equipment. I know that you and my other friends will work for the +conservation of this monarchy, and will never abandon me in my designs to +weaken the power of Spain. Pray God for my health." + +The King kept his bed a few days afterwards, but soon recovered. +Villeroy sent word to Barneveld in answer to his suggestions of +reconciliation that it was too late, that Conde was entirely desperate +and Spanish. The crown of France was at stake, he said, and the Prince +was promising himself miracles and mountains with the aid of Spain, +loudly declaring the marriage of Mary de' Medici illegal, and himself +heir to the throne. The Secretary of State professed himself as +impatient as his master for the arrival of the embassy; the States being +the best friends France ever had and the only allies to make the war +succeed. + +Jeannin, who was now never called to the council, said that the war was +not for Germany but for Conde, and that Henry could carry it on for eight +years. He too was most anxious for Barneveld's arrival, and was of his +opinion that it would have been better for Conde to be persuaded to +remain at Breda and be supported by his brother-in-law, the Prince of +Orange. The impetuosity of the King had however swept everything before +it, and Conde had been driven to declare himself Spanish and a pretender +to the crown. There was no issue now but war. + +Boderie, the King's envoy in Great Britain, wrote that James would be +willing to make a defensive league for the affairs of Cleve and Julich +only, which was the slenderest amount of assistance; but Henry always +suspected Master Jacques of intentions to baulk him if possible and +traverse his designs. But the die was cast. Spinola had carried off +Conde in triumph; the Princess was pining in her gilt cage in Brussels, +and demanding a divorce for desertion and cruel treatment; the King +considered himself as having done as much as honour allowed him to effect +a reconciliation, and it was obvious that, as the States' ambassador +said, he could no longer retire from the war without shame, which would +be the greatest danger of all. + +"The tragedy is ready to begin," said Aerssens. "They are only waiting +now for the arrival of our ambassadors." + +On the 9th March the King before going to Fontainebleau for a few days +summoned that envoy to the Louvre. Impatient at a slight delay in his +arrival, Henry came down into the courtyard as he was arriving and asked +eagerly if Barneveld was coming to Paris. Aerssens replied, that the +Advocate had been hastening as much as possible the departure of the +special embassy, but that the condition of affairs at home was such as +not to permit him to leave the country at that moment. Van der Myle, who +would be one of the ambassadors, would more fully explain this by word of +mouth. + +The King manifested infinite annoyance and disappointment that Barneveld +was not to make part of the embassy. "He says that he reposes such +singular confidence in your authority in the state, experience in +affairs, and affection for himself," wrote Aerssens, "that he might treat +with you in detail and with open heart of all his designs. He fears now +that the ambassadors will be limited in their powers and instructions, +and unable to reply at once on the articles which at different times have +been proposed to me for our enterprise. Thus much valuable time will be +wasted in sending backwards and forwards." + +The King also expressed great anxiety to consult with Count Lewis William +in regard to military details, but his chief sorrow was in regard to the +Advocate. "He acquiesced only with deep displeasure and regret in your +reasons," said the Ambassador, "and says that he can hope for nothing +firm now that you refuse to come." + +Villeroy intimated that Barneveld did not come for fear of exciting the +jealousy of the English. + + + +ETEXT EDITOR'S BOOKMARKS: + +He who spreads the snare always tumbles into the ditch himself +Most detestable verses that even he had ever composed +She declined to be his procuress + + + + + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIFE OF JOHN OF BARNEVELD, 1609-10 *** + +************ This file should be named 4887.txt or 4887.zip *********** + +This eBook was produced by David Widger + +Project Gutenberg eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US +unless a copyright notice is included. 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