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+The Project Gutenberg EBook The Life of John of Barneveld, 1609-10
+#87 in our series by John Lothrop Motley
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+Title: The Life of John of Barneveld, 1609-10
+
+Author: John Lothrop Motley
+
+Release Date: January, 2004  [EBook #4887]
+[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
+[This file was first posted on April 22, 2002]
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+Edition: 10
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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIFE OF JOHN OF BARNEVELD, 1609-10 ***
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+This eBook was produced by David Widger
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+
+THE LIFE AND DEATH of JOHN OF BARNEVELD, ADVOCATE OF HOLLAND
+
+WITH A VIEW OF THE PRIMARY CAUSES AND MOVEMENTS OF THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR
+
+By John Lothrop Motley, D.C.L., LL.D.
+
+
+
+MOTLEY'S HISTORY OF THE NETHERLANDS, Project Gutenberg Edition, Volume 87
+
+The Life and Death of John of Barneveld, v2 1609-10
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+     Passion of Henry IV. for Margaret de Montmorency--Her Marriage with
+     the Prince of Conde--Their Departure for the Country--Their Flight to
+     the Netherlands-Rage of the King--Intrigues of Spain--Reception of
+     the Prince and Princess of Conde by the Archdukes at Brussels--
+     Splendid Entertainments by Spinola--Attempts of the King to bring
+     the Fugitives back--Mission of De Coeuvres to Brussels--Difficult
+     Position of the Republic--Vast but secret Preparations for War.
+
+"If the Prince of Conde comes back."  What had the Prince of Conde, his
+comings and his goings, to do with this vast enterprise?
+
+It is time to point to the golden thread of most fantastic passion which
+runs throughout this dark and eventful history.
+
+One evening in the beginning of the year which had just come to its close
+there was to be a splendid fancy ball at the Louvre in the course of
+which several young ladies of highest rank were to perform a dance in
+mythological costume.
+
+The King, on ill terms with the Queen, who harassed him with scenes of
+affected jealousy, while engaged in permanent plots with her paramour and
+master, the Italian Concini, against his policy and his life; on still
+worse terms with his latest mistress in chief, the Marquise de Verneuil,
+who hated him and revenged herself for enduring his caresses by making
+him the butt of her venomous wit, had taken the festivities of a court in
+dudgeon where he possessed hosts of enemies and flatterers but scarcely a
+single friend.
+
+He refused to attend any of the rehearsals of the ballet, but one day a
+group of Diana and her nymphs passed him in the great gallery of the
+palace.  One of the nymphs as she went by turned and aimed her gilded
+javelin at his heart.  Henry looked and saw the most beautiful young
+creature, so he thought, that mortal eye had ever gazed upon, and
+according to his wont fell instantly over head and ears in love.
+He said afterwards that he felt himself pierced to the heart and
+was ready to faint away.
+
+The lady was just fifteen years of age.  The King was turned of fifty-
+five.  The disparity of age seemed to make the royal passion ridiculous.
+To Henry the situation seemed poetical and pathetic.  After this first
+interview he never missed a single rehearsal.  In the intervals he called
+perpetually for the services of the court poet Malherbe, who certainly
+contrived to perpetrate in his behalf some of the most detestable verses
+that even he had ever composed.
+
+The nymph was Marguerite de Montmorency, daughter of the Constable of
+France, and destined one day to become the mother of the great Conde,
+hero of Rocroy.  There can be no doubt that she was exquisitely
+beautiful.  Fair-haired, with a complexion of dazzling purity, large
+expressive eyes, delicate but commanding features, she had a singular
+fascination of look and gesture, and a winning, almost childlike,
+simplicity of manner.  Without feminine artifice or commonplace coquetry,
+she seemed to bewitch and subdue at a glance men of all ranks, ages, and
+pursuits; kings and cardinals, great generals, ambassadors and statesmen,
+as well as humbler mortals whether Spanish, Italian, French, or Flemish.
+The Constable, an ignorant man who, as the King averred, could neither
+write nor read, understood as well as more learned sages the manners and
+humours of the court.  He had destined his daughter for the young and
+brilliant Bassompierre, the most dazzling of all the cavaliers of the
+day.  The two were betrothed.
+
+But the love-stricken Henry, then confined to his bed with the gout, sent
+for the chosen husband of the beautiful Margaret.
+
+"Bassompierre, my friend," said the aged king, as the youthful lover
+knelt before him at the bedside, "I have become not in love, but mad,
+out of my senses, furious for Mademoiselle de Montmorency.  If she should
+love you, I should hate you.  If she should love me, you would hate me.
+'Tis better that this should not be the cause of breaking up our good
+intelligence, for I love you with affection and inclination.  I am
+resolved to marry her to my nephew the Prince of Conde, and to keep her
+near my family.  She will be the consolation and support of my old age
+into which I am now about to enter.  I shall give my nephew, who loves
+the chase a thousand times better than he does ladies, 100,000 livres a
+year, and I wish no other favour from her than her affection without
+making further pretensions."
+
+It was eight o'clock of a black winter's morning, and the tears as he
+spoke ran down the cheeks of the hero of Ivry and bedewed the face of the
+kneeling Bassompierre.
+
+The courtly lover sighed and--obeyed.  He renounced the hand of the
+beautiful Margaret, and came daily to play at dice with the King at
+his bedside with one or two other companions.
+
+And every day the Duchess of Angouleme, sister of the Constable, brought
+her fair niece to visit and converse with the royal invalid.  But for the
+dark and tragic clouds which were gradually closing around that eventful
+and heroic existence there would be something almost comic in the
+spectacle of the sufferer making the palace and all France ring with the
+howlings of his grotesque passion for a child of fifteen as he lay
+helpless and crippled with the gout.
+
+One day as the Duchess of Angouleme led her niece away from their morning
+visit to the King, Margaret as she passed by Bassompierre shrugged her
+shoulders with a scornful glance.  Stung by this expression of contempt,
+the lover who had renounced her sprang from the dice table, buried his
+face in his hat, pretending that his nose was bleeding, and rushed
+frantically from the palace.
+
+Two days long he spent in solitude, unable to eat, drink, or sleep,
+abandoned to despair and bewailing his wretched fate, and it was long
+before he could recover sufficient equanimity to face his lost Margaret
+and resume his place at the King's dicing table.  When he made his
+appearance, he was according to his own account so pale, changed, and
+emaciated that his friends could not recognise him.
+
+The marriage with Conde, first prince of the blood, took place early in
+the spring.  The bride received magnificent presents, and the husband a,
+pension of 100,000 livres a year.  The attentions of the King became soon
+outrageous and the reigning scandal of the hour.  Henry, discarding the
+grey jacket and simple costume on which he was wont to pride himself,
+paraded himself about in perfumed ruffs and glittering doublet, an
+ancient fop, very little heroic, and much ridiculed.  The Princess made
+merry with the antics of her royal adorer, while her vanity at least, if
+not her affection, was really touched, and there was one great round of
+court festivities in her honour, at which the King and herself were ever
+the central figures.  But Conde was not at all amused.  Not liking the
+part assigned to him in the comedy thus skilfully arranged by his cousin
+king, never much enamoured of his bride, while highly appreciating the
+100,000 livres of pension, he remonstrated violently with his wife,
+bitterly reproached the King, and made himself generally offensive.
+"The Prince is here," wrote Henry to Sully, "and is playing the very
+devil.  You would be in a rage and be ashamed of the things he says of
+me.  But at last I am losing patience, and am resolved to give him a bit
+of my mind."  He wrote in the same terms to Montmorency.  The Constable,
+whose conduct throughout the affair was odious and pitiable, promised to
+do his best to induce the Prince, instead of playing the devil, to listen
+to reason, as he and the Duchess of Angouleme understood reason.
+
+Henry had even the ineffable folly to appeal to the Queen to use her
+influence with the refractory Conde.  Mary de' Medici replied that there
+were already thirty go-betweens at work, and she had no idea of being the
+thirty-first--[Henrard, 30].
+
+Conde, surrounded by a conspiracy against his honour and happiness,
+suddenly carried off his wife to the country, much to the amazement and
+rage of Henry.
+
+In the autumn he entertained a hunting party at a seat of his, the Abbey
+of Verneuille, on the borders of Picardy.  De Traigny, governor of
+Amiens, invited the Prince, Princess, and the Dowager-Princess to a
+banquet at his chateau not far from the Abbey.  On their road thither
+they passed a group of huntsmen and grooms in the royal livery.  Among
+them was an aged lackey with a plaister over one eye, holding a couple of
+hounds in leash.  The Princess recognized at a glance under that
+ridiculous disguise the King.
+
+"What a madman!" she murmured as she passed him, "I will never forgive
+you;" but as she confessed many years afterwards, this act of gallantly
+did not displease her.'
+
+In truth, even in mythological fable, Trove has scarcely ever reduced
+demi-god or hero to more fantastic plight than was this travesty of the
+great Henry.  After dinner Madame de Traigny led her fair guest about the
+castle to show her the various points of view.  At one window she paused,
+saying that it commanded a particularly fine prospect.
+
+The Princess looked from it across a courtyard, and saw at an opposite
+window an old gentleman holding his left hand tightly upon his heart to
+show that it was wounded, and blowing kisses to her with the other: "My
+God! it is the King himself," she cried to her hostess.  The princess
+with this exclamation rushed from the window, feeling or affecting much
+indignation, ordered horses to her carriage instantly, and overwhelmed
+Madame de Traigny with reproaches.  The King himself, hastening to the
+scene, was received with passionate invectives, and in vain attempted to
+assuage the Princess's wrath and induce her to remain.
+
+They left the chateau at once, both Prince and Princess.
+
+One night, not many weeks afterwards, the Due de Sully, in the Arsenal at
+Paris, had just got into bed at past eleven o'clock when he received a
+visit from Captain de Praslin, who walked straight into his bed-chamber,
+informing him that the King instantly required his presence.
+
+Sully remonstrated.  He was obliged to rise at three the next morning,
+he said, enumerating pressing and most important work which Henry
+required to be completed with all possible haste.  "The King said you
+would be very angry," replied Praslin; "but there is no help for it.
+Come you must, for the man you know of has gone out of the country, as
+you said he would, and has carried away the lady on the crupper behind
+him."
+
+"Ho, ho," said the Duke, "I am wanted for that affair, am I?"  And the
+two proceeded straightway to the Louvre, and were ushered, of all
+apartments in the world, into the Queen's bedchamber.  Mary de' Medici
+had given birth only four days before to an infant, Henrietta Maria,
+future queen of Charles I. of England.  The room was crowded with
+ministers and courtiers; Villeroy, the Chancellor, Bassompierre, and
+others, being stuck against the wall at small intervals like statues,
+dumb, motionless, scarcely daring to breathe.  The King, with his hands
+behind him and his grey beard sunk on his breast, was pacing up and down
+the room in a paroxysm of rage and despair.
+
+"Well," said he, turning to Sully as he entered, "our man has gone off
+and carried everything with him.  What do you say to that?"
+
+The Duke beyond the boding "I told you so" phrase of consolation which
+he was entitled to use, having repeatedly warned his sovereign that
+precisely this catastrophe was impending, declined that night to offer
+advice.  He insisted on sleeping on it.  The manner in which the
+proceedings of the King at this juncture would be regarded by the
+Archdukes Albert and Isabella--for there could be no doubt that Conde had
+escaped to their territory--and by the King of Spain, in complicity with
+whom the step had unquestionably been taken--was of gravest political
+importance.
+
+Henry had heard the intelligence but an hour before.  He was at cards in
+his cabinet with Bassompierre and others when d'Elbene entered and made a
+private communication to him.  "Bassompierre, my friend," whispered the
+King immediately in that courtier's ear, "I am lost.  This man has
+carried his wife off into a wood.  I don't know if it is to kill her or
+to take her out of France.  Take care of my money and keep up the game."
+
+Bassompierre followed the king shortly afterwards and brought him his
+money.  He said that he had never seen a man so desperate, so
+transported.
+
+The matter was indeed one of deepest and universal import.  The reader
+has seen by the preceding narrative how absurd is the legend often
+believed in even to our own days that war was made by France upon the
+Archdukes and upon Spain to recover the Princess of Conde from captivity
+in Brussels.
+
+From contemporary sources both printed and unpublished; from most
+confidential conversations and revelations, we have seen how broad,
+deliberate, and deeply considered were the warlike and political
+combinations in the King's ever restless brain.  But although the
+abduction of the new Helen by her own Menelaus was not the cause of the
+impending, Iliad, there is no doubt whatever that the incident had much
+to do with the crisis, was the turning point in a great tragedy, and that
+but for the vehement passion of the King for this youthful princess
+events might have developed themselves on a far different scale from that
+which they were destined to assume.  For this reason a court intrigue,
+which history under other conditions might justly disdain, assumes vast
+proportions and is taken quite away from the scandalous chronicle which
+rarely busies itself with grave affairs of state.
+
+"The flight of Conde," wrote Aerssens, "is the catastrophe to the comedy
+which has been long enacting.  'Tis to be hoped that the sequel may not
+prove tragical."
+
+"The Prince," for simply by that title he was usually called to
+distinguish him from all other princes in France, was next of blood.
+Had Henry no sons, he would have succeeded him on the throne.  It was a
+favourite scheme of the Spanish party to invalidate Henry's divorce from
+Margaret of Valois, and thus to cast doubts on the legitimacy of the
+Dauphin and the other children of Mary de' Medici.
+
+The Prince in the hands of the Spanish government might prove a docile
+and most dangerous instrument to the internal repose of France not only
+after Henry's death but in his life-time.  Conde's character was
+frivolous, unstable, excitable, weak, easy to be played upon by designing
+politicians, and he had now the deepest cause for anger and for indulging
+in ambitious dreams.
+
+He had been wont during this unhappy first year of his marriage to loudly
+accuse Henry of tyranny, and was now likely by public declaration to
+assign that as the motive of his flight.  Henry had protested in reply
+that he had never been guilty of tyranny but once in his life, and that
+was when he allowed this youth to take the name and title of Conde?
+
+For the Princess-Dowager his mother had lain for years in prison, under
+the terrible accusation of having murdered her husband, in complicity
+with her paramour, a Gascon page, named Belcastel.  The present prince
+had been born several months after his reputed father's death.  Henry,
+out of good nature, or perhaps for less creditable reasons, had come to
+the rescue of the accused princess, and had caused the process to be
+stopped, further enquiry to be quashed, and the son to be recognized as
+legitimate Prince of Conde.  The Dowager had subsequently done her best
+to further the King's suit to her son's wife, for which the Prince
+bitterly reproached her to her face, heaping on her epithets which she
+well deserved.
+
+Henry at once began to threaten a revival of the criminal suit, with a
+view of bastardizing him again, although the Dowager had acted on all
+occasions with great docility in Henry's interests.
+
+The flight of the Prince and Princess was thus not only an incident of
+great importance to the internal politics of trance, but had a direct and
+important bearing on the impending hostilities.  Its intimate connection
+with the affairs of the Netherland commonwealth was obvious.  It was
+probable that the fugitives would make their way towards the Archdukes'
+territory, and that afterwards their first point of destination would be
+Breda, of which Philip William of Orange, eldest brother of Prince
+Maurice, was the titular proprietor.  Since the truce recently concluded
+the brothers, divided so entirely by politics and religion, could meet
+on fraternal and friendly terms, and Breda, although a city of the
+Commonwealth, received its feudal lord.  The Princess of Orange was the
+sister of Conde.  The morning after the flight the King, before daybreak,
+sent for the Dutch ambassador.  He directed him to despatch a courier
+forthwith to Barneveld, notifying him that the Prince had left the
+kingdom without the permission or knowledge of his sovereign, and stating
+the King's belief that he had fled to the territory of the Archdukes.  If
+he should come to Breda or to any other place within the jurisdiction of
+the States, they were requested to make sure of his person at once, and
+not to permit him to retire until further instructions should be received
+from the King.  De Praslin, captain of the body-guards and lieutenant of
+Champagne, it was further mentioned, was to be sent immediately on secret
+mission concerning this affair to the States and to the Archdukes.
+
+The King suspected Conde of crime, so the Advocate was to be informed.
+He believed him to be implicated in the conspiracy of Poitou; the six who
+had been taken prisoners having confessed that they had thrice conferred
+with a prince at Paris, and that the motive of the plot was to free
+themselves and France from the tyranny of Henry IV.  The King insisted
+peremptorily, despite of any objections from Aerssens, that the thing
+must be done and his instructions carried out to the letter.  So much he
+expected of the States, and they should care no more for ulterior
+consequences, he said, than he had done for the wrath of Spain when he
+frankly undertook their cause.  Conde was important only because his
+relative, and he declared that if the Prince should escape, having once
+entered the territory of the Republic, he should lay the blame on its
+government.
+
+"If you proceed languidly in the affair," wrote Aerssens to Barneveld,
+"our affairs will suffer for ever."
+
+Nobody at court believed in the Poitou conspiracy, or that Conde had any
+knowledge of it.  The reason of his flight was a mystery to none, but as
+it was immediately followed by an intrigue with Spain, it seemed
+ingenious to Henry to make, use of a transparent pretext to conceal the
+ugliness of the whole affair.
+
+He hoped that the Prince would be arrested at Breda and sent back by the
+States.  Villeroy said that if it was not done, they would be guilty of
+black ingratitude.  It would be an awkward undertaking, however, and the
+States devoutly prayed that they might not be put to the test.  The
+crafty Aerssens suggested to Barneveld that if Conde was not within their
+territory it would be well to assure the King that, had he been there, he
+would have been delivered up at once.  "By this means," said the
+Ambassador, "you will give no cause of offence to the Prince, and will at
+the same time satisfy the King.  It is important that he should think
+that you depend immediately upon him.  If you see that after his arrest
+they take severe measures against him, you will have a thousand ways of
+parrying the blame which posterity might throw upon you.  History teaches
+you plenty of them."
+
+He added that neither Sully nor anyone else thought much of the Poitou
+conspiracy.  Those implicated asserted that they had intended to raise
+troops there to assist the King in the Cleve expedition.  Some people
+said that Henry had invented this plot against his throne and life.  The
+Ambassador, in a spirit of prophecy, quoted the saying of Domitian:
+"Misera conditio imperantium quibus de conspiratione non creditor nisi
+occisis."
+
+Meantime the fugitives continued their journey.  The Prince was
+accompanied by one of his dependants, a rude officer, de Rochefort, who
+carried the Princess on a pillion behind him.  She had with her a lady-
+in-waiting named du Certeau and a lady's maid named Philippote.  She had
+no clothes but those on her back, not even a change of linen.  Thus the
+young and delicate lady made the wintry journey through the forests.
+They crossed the frontier at Landrecies, then in the Spanish Netherlands,
+intending to traverse the Archduke's territory in order to reach Breda,
+where Conde meant to leave his wife in charge of his sister, the Princess
+of Orange, and then to proceed to Brussels.
+
+He wrote from the little inn at Landrecies to notify the Archduke of his
+project.  He was subsequently informed that Albert would not prevent his
+passing through his territories, but should object to his making a fixed
+residence within them.  The Prince also wrote subsequently to the King of
+Spain and to the King of France.
+
+To Henry he expressed his great regret at being obliged to leave the
+kingdom in order to save his honour and his life, but that he had no
+intention of being anything else than his very humble and faithful
+cousin, subject, and servant.  He would do nothing against his service,
+he said, unless forced thereto, and he begged the King not to take it
+amiss if he refused to receive letters from any one whomsoever at court,
+saving only such letters as his Majesty himself might honour him by
+writing.
+
+The result of this communication to the King was of course to enrage that
+monarch to the utmost, and his first impulse on finding that the Prince
+was out of his reach was to march to Brussels at once and take possession
+of him and the Princess by main force.  More moderate counsels prevailed
+for the moment however, and negotiations were attempted.
+
+Praslin did not contrive to intercept the fugitives, but the States-
+General, under the advice of Barneveld, absolutely forbade their coming
+to Breda or entering any part of their jurisdiction.  The result of
+Conde's application to the King of Spain was an ultimate offer of
+assistance and asylum, through a special emissary, one Anover; for the
+politicians of Madrid were astute enough to see what a card the Prince
+might prove in their hands.
+
+Henry instructed his ambassador in Spain to use strong and threatening
+language in regard to the harbouring a rebel and a conspirator against
+the throne of France; while on the other hand he expressed his
+satisfaction with the States for having prohibited the Prince from
+entering their territory.  He would have preferred, he said, if they had
+allowed him entrance and forbidden his departure, but on the whole he was
+content.  It was thought in Paris that the Netherland government had
+acted with much adroitness in thus abstaining both from a violation of
+the law of nations and from giving offence to the King.
+
+A valet of Conde was taken with some papers of the Prince about him,
+which proved a determination on his part never to return to France during
+the lifetime of Henry.  They made no statement of the cause of his
+flight, except to intimate that it might be left to the judgment of
+every one, as it was unfortunately but too well known to all.
+
+Refused entrance into the Dutch territory, the Prince was obliged to
+renounce his project in regard to Breda, and brought his wife to
+Brussels.  He gave Bentivoglio, the Papal nuncio, two letters to forward
+to Italy, one to the Pope, the other to his nephew, Cardinal Borghese.
+Encouraged by the advices which he had received from Spain, he justified
+his flight from France both by the danger to his honour and to his life,
+recommending both to the protection of his Holiness and his Eminence.
+Bentivoglio sent the letters, but while admitting the invincible reasons
+for his departure growing out of the King's pursuit of the Princess, he
+refused all credence to the pretended violence against Conde himself.
+Conde informed de Praslin that he would not consent to return to France.
+Subsequently he imposed as conditions of return that the King should
+assign to him certain cities and strongholds in Guienne, of which
+province he was governor, far from Paris and very near the Spanish
+frontier; a measure dictated by Spain and which inflamed Henry's wrath
+almost to madness.  The King insisted on his instant return, placing
+himself and of course the Princess entirely in his hands and receiving a
+full pardon for this effort to save his honour.  The Prince and Princess
+of Orange came from Breda to Brussels to visit their brother and his
+wife.  Here they established them in the Palace of Nassau, once the
+residence in his brilliant youth of William the Silent; a magnificent
+mansion, surrounded by park and garden, built on the brow of the almost
+precipitous hill, beneath which is spread out so picturesquely the
+antique and beautiful capital of Brabant.
+
+The Archdukes received them with stately courtesy at their own palace.
+On their first ceremonious visit to the sovereigns of the land, the
+formal Archduke, coldest and chastest of mankind, scarcely lifted his
+eyes to gaze on the wondrous beauty of the Princess, yet assured her
+after he had led her through a portrait gallery of fair women that
+formerly these had been accounted beauties, but that henceforth it was
+impossible to speak of any beauty but her own.
+
+The great Spinola fell in love with her at once, sent for the illustrious
+Rubens from Antwerp to paint her portrait, and offered Mademoiselle de
+Chateau Vert 10,000 crowns in gold if she would do her best to further
+his suit with her mistress.  The Genoese banker-soldier made love, war,
+and finance on a grand scale.  He gave a magnificent banquet and ball in
+her honour on Twelfth Night, and the festival was the wonder of the town.
+Nothing like it had been seen in Brussels for years.  At six in the
+evening Spinola in splendid costume, accompanied by Don Luis Velasco,
+Count Ottavio Visconti, Count Bucquoy, with other nobles of lesser note,
+drove to the Nassau Palace to bring the Prince and Princess and their
+suite to the Marquis's mansion.  Here a guard of honour of thirty
+musketeers was standing before the door, and they were conducted from
+their coaches by Spinola preceded by twenty-four torch-bearers up the
+grand staircase to a hall, where they were received by the Princesses of
+Mansfeld, Velasco, and other distinguished dames.  Thence they were led
+through several apartments rich with tapestry and blazing with crystal
+and silver plate to a splendid saloon where was a silken canopy, under
+which the Princess of Conde and the Princess of Orange seated themselves,
+the Nuncius Bentivoglio to his delight being placed next the beautiful
+Margaret.  After reposing for a little while they were led to the ball-
+room, brilliantly lighted with innumerable torches of perfumed wax and
+hung with tapestry of gold and silk, representing in fourteen embroidered
+designs the chief military exploits of Spinola.  Here the banquet, a cold
+collation, was already spread on a table decked and lighted with regal
+splendour.  As soon as the guests were seated, an admirable concert of
+instrumental music began.  Spinola walked up and down providing for the
+comforts of his company, the Duke of Aumale stood behind the two
+princesses to entertain them with conversation, Don Luis Velasco served
+the Princess of Conde with plates, handed her the dishes, the wine, the
+napkins, while Bucquoy and Visconti in like manner waited upon the
+Princess of Orange; other nobles attending to the other ladies.  Forty-
+eight pages in white, yellow, and red scarves brought and removed the
+dishes.  The dinner, of courses innumerable, lasted two hours and a half,
+and the ladies, being thus fortified for the more serious business of the
+evening, were led to the tiring-rooms while the hall was made ready for
+dancing.  The ball was opened by the Princess of Conde and Spinola, and
+lasted until two in the morning.  As the apartment grew warm, two of the
+pages went about with long staves and broke all the windows until not a
+single pane of glass remained.  The festival was estimated by the thrifty
+chronicler of Antwerp to have cost from 3000 to 4000 crowns.  It was, he
+says, "an earthly paradise of which soon not a vapour remained."  He
+added that he gave a detailed account of it "not because he took pleasure
+in such voluptuous pomp and extravagance, but that one might thus learn
+the vanity of the world."  These courtesies and assiduities on the part
+of the great "shopkeeper," as the Constable called him, had so much
+effect, if not on the Princess, at least on Conde himself, that he
+threatened to throw his wife out of window if she refused to caress
+Spinola.  These and similar accusations were made by the father and aunt
+when attempting to bring about a divorce of the Princess from her
+husband.  The Nuncius Bentivoglio, too, fell in love with her, devoting
+himself to her service, and his facile and eloquent pen to chronicling
+her story.  Even poor little Philip of Spain in the depths of the
+Escurial heard of her charms, and tried to imagine himself in love with
+her by proxy.
+
+Thenceforth there was a succession of brilliant festivals in honour of
+the Princess.  The Spanish party was radiant with triumph, the French
+maddened with rage.  Henry in Paris was chafing like a lion at bay.  A
+petty sovereign whom he could crush at one vigorous bound was protecting
+the lady for whose love he was dying.  He had secured Conde's exclusion
+from Holland, but here were the fugitives splendidly established in
+Brussels; the Princess surrounded by most formidable suitors, the Prince
+encouraged in his rebellious and dangerous schemes by the power which the
+King most hated on earth, and whose eternal downfall he had long since
+sworn to accomplish.
+
+For the weak and frivolous Conde began to prattle publicly of his deep
+projects of revenge.  Aided by Spanish money and Spanish troops he would
+show one day who was the real heir to the throne of France--the
+illegitimately born Dauphin or himself.
+
+The King sent for the first president of Parliament, Harlay, and
+consulted with him as to the proper means of reviving the suppressed
+process against the Dowager and of publicly degrading Conde from his
+position of first prince of the blood which he had been permitted to
+usurp.  He likewise procured a decree accusing him of high-treason and
+ordering him to be punished at his Majesty's pleasure, to be prepared
+by the Parliament of Paris; going down to the court himself in his
+impatience and seating himself in everyday costume on the bench of
+judges to see that it was immediately proclaimed.
+
+Instead of at once attacking the Archdukes in force as he intended in
+the first ebullition of his wrath, he resolved to send de Boutteville-
+Montmorency, a relative of the Constable, on special and urgent mission
+to Brussels.  He was to propose that Conde and his wife should return
+with the Prince and Princess of Orange to Breda, the King pledging
+himself that for three or four months nothing should be undertaken
+against him.  Here was a sudden change of determination fit to surprise
+the States-General, but the King's resolution veered and whirled about
+hourly in the tempests of his wrath and love.
+
+That excellent old couple, the Constable and the Duchess of Angouleme,
+did their best to assist their sovereign in his fierce attempts to get
+their daughter and niece into his power.
+
+The Constable procured a piteous letter to be written to Archduke Albert,
+signed "Montmorency his mark," imploring him not to "suffer that his
+daughter, since the Prince refused to return to France, should leave
+Brussels to be a wanderer about the world following a young prince who
+had no fixed purpose in his mind."
+
+Archduke Albert, through his ambassador in Paris, Peter Pecquius,
+suggested the possibility of a reconciliation between Henry and his
+kinsman, and offered himself as intermediary.  He enquired whether the
+King would find it agreeable that he should ask for pardon in name of the
+Prince.  Henry replied that he was willing that the Archduke should
+accord to Conde secure residence for the time within his dominions on
+three inexorable conditions:--firstly, that the Prince should ask for
+pardon without any stipulations, the King refusing to listen to any
+treaty or to assign him towns or places of security as had been vaguely
+suggested, and holding it utterly unreasonable that a man sueing for
+pardon should, instead of deserved punishment, talk of terms and
+acquisitions; secondly, that, if Conde should reject the proposition,
+Albert should immediately turn him out of his country, showing himself
+justly irritated at finding his advice disregarded; thirdly, that,
+sending away the Prince, the Archduke should forthwith restore the
+Princess to her father the Constable and her aunt Angouleme, who had
+already made their petitions to Albert and Isabella for that end, to
+which the King now added his own most particular prayers.
+
+If the Archduke should refuse consent to these three conditions, Henry
+begged that he would abstain from any farther attempt to effect a
+reconciliation and not suffer Conde to remain any longer within his
+territories.
+
+Pecquius replied that he thought his master might agree to the two first
+propositions while demurring to the third, as it would probably not seem
+honourable to him to separate man and wife, and as it was doubtful
+whether the Princess would return of her own accord.
+
+The King, in reporting the substance of this conversation to Aerssens,
+intimated his conviction that they were only wishing in Brussels to gain
+time; that they were waiting for letters from Spain, which they were
+expecting ever since the return of Conde's secretary from Milan, whither
+he had been sent to confer with the Governor, Count Fuentes.  He said
+farther that he doubted whether the Princess would go to Breda, which he
+should now like, but which Conde would not now permit.  This he imputed
+in part to the Princess of Orange, who had written a letter full of
+invectives against himself to the Dowager--Princess of Conde which she
+had at once sent to him.  Henry expressed at the same time his great
+satisfaction with the States-General and with Barneveld in this affair,
+repeating his assurances that they were the truest and best friends he
+had.
+
+The news of Conde's ceremonious visit to Leopold in Julich could not fail
+to exasperate the King almost as much as the pompous manner in which he
+was subsequently received at Brussels; Spinola and the Spanish Ambassador
+going forth to meet him.  At the same moment the secretary of Vaucelles,
+Henry's ambassador in Madrid, arrived in Paris, confirming the King's
+suspicions that Conde's flight had been concerted with Don Inigo de
+Cardenas, and was part of a general plot of Spain against the peace of
+the kingdom.  The Duc d'Epernon, one of the most dangerous plotters at
+the court, and deep in the intimacy of the Queen and of all the secret
+adherents of the Spanish policy, had been sojourning a long time at Metz,
+under pretence of attending to his health, had sent his children to
+Spain, as hostages according to Henry's belief, had made himself master
+of the citadel, and was turning a deaf ear to all the commands of the
+King.
+
+The supporters of Conde in France were openly changing their note and
+proclaiming by the Prince's command that he had left the kingdom in order
+to preserve his quality of first prince of the blood, and that he meant
+to make good his right of primogeniture against the Dauphin and all
+competitors.
+
+Such bold language and such open reliance on the support of Spain in
+disputing the primogeniture of the Dauphin were fast driving the most
+pacifically inclined in France into enthusiasm for the war.
+
+The States, too, saw their opportunity more vividly every day.  "What
+could we desire more," wrote Aerssens to Barneveld, "than open war
+between France and Spain?  Posterity will for ever blame us if we reject
+this great occasion."
+
+Peter Pecquius, smoothest and sliest of diplomatists, did his best to
+make things comfortable, for there could be little doubt that his masters
+most sincerely deprecated war.  On their heads would come the first
+blows, to their provinces would return the great desolation out of which
+they had hardly emerged.  Still the Archduke, while racking his brains
+for the means of accommodation, refused, to his honour, to wink at any
+violation of the law of nations, gave a secret promise, in which the
+Infanta joined, that the Princess should not be allowed to leave Brussels
+without her husband's permission, and resolutely declined separating the
+pair except with the full consent of both.  In order to protect himself
+from the King's threats, he suggested sending Conde to some neutral place
+for six or eight months, to Prague, to Breda, or anywhere else; but Henry
+knew that Conde would never allow this unless he had the means by Spanish
+gold of bribing the garrison there, and so of holding the place in
+pretended neutrality, but in reality at the devotion of the King of
+Spain.
+
+Meantime Henry had despatched the Marquis de Coeuvres, brother of the
+beautiful Gabrielle, Duchess de Beaufort, and one of the most audacious
+and unscrupulous of courtiers, on a special mission to Brussels.  De
+Coeuvres saw Conde before presenting his credentials to the Archduke, and
+found him quite impracticable.  Acting under the advice of the Prince of
+Orange, he expressed his willingness to retire to some neutral city of
+Germany or Italy, drawing meanwhile from Henry a pension of 40,000 crowns
+a year.  But de Coeuvres firmly replied that the King would make no terms
+with his vassal nor allow Conde to prescribe conditions to him.  To leave
+him in Germany or Italy, he said, was to leave him in the dependence of
+Spain.  The King would not have this constant apprehension of her
+intrigues while, living, nor leave such matter in dying for turbulence in
+his kingdom.  If it appeared that the Spaniards wished to make use of the
+Prince for such purposes, he would be beforehand with them, and show them
+how much more injury he could inflict on Spain than they on France.
+Obviously committed to Spain, Conde replied to the entreaties of the
+emissary that if the King would give him half his kingdom he would not
+accept the offer nor return to France; at least before the 8th of
+February, by which date he expected advices from Spain.  He had given his
+word, he said, to lend his ear to no overtures before that time.  He made
+use of many threats, and swore that he would throw himself entirely into
+the arms of the Spanish king if Henry would not accord him the terms
+which he had proposed.
+
+To do this was an impossibility.  To grant him places of security would,
+as the King said, be to plant a standard for all the malcontents of
+France to rally around.  Conde had evidently renounced all hopes of a
+reconciliation, however painfully his host the Archduke might intercede
+for it.  He meant to go to Spain.  Spinola was urging this daily and
+hourly, said Henry, for he had fallen in love with the Princess, who
+complained of all these persecutions in her letters to her father, and
+said that she would rather die than go to Spain.
+
+The King's advices from de Coeuvres were however to the effect that the
+step would probably be taken, that the arrangements were making, and that
+Spinola had been shut up with Conde six hours long with nobody present
+but Rochefort and a certain counsellor of the Prince of Orange named
+Keeremans.
+
+Henry was taking measures to intercept them on their flight by land, but
+there was some thought of their proceeding to Spain by sea.  He therefore
+requested the States to send two ships of war, swift sailors, well
+equipped, one to watch in the roads of St. Jean and the other on the
+English coast.  These ships were to receive their instructions from
+Admiral de Vicq, who would be well informed of all the movements of
+the Prince and give warning to the captains of the Dutch vessels by a
+preconcerted signal.  The King begged that Barneveld would do him this
+favour, if he loved him, and that none might have knowledge of it but
+the Advocate and Prince Maurice.  The ships would be required for two
+or three months only, but should be equipped and sent forth as soon
+as possible.
+
+The States had no objection to performing this service, although it
+subsequently proved to be unnecessary, and they were quite ready at that
+moment to go openly into the war to settle the affairs of Clove, and once
+for all to drive the Spaniards out of the Netherlands and beyond seas and
+mountains.  Yet strange to say, those most conversant with the state of
+affairs could not yet quite persuade themselves that matters were
+serious, and that the King's mind was fixed.  Should Conde return,
+renounce his Spanish stratagems, and bring back the Princess to court, it
+was felt by the King's best and most confidential friends that all might
+grow languid again, the Spanish faction get the upper hand in the King's
+councils, and the States find themselves in a terrible embarrassment.
+
+On the other hand, the most prying and adroit of politicians were puzzled
+to read the signs of the times.  Despite Henry's garrulity, or perhaps in
+consequence of it, the envoys of Spain, the Empire, and of Archduke
+Albert were ignorant whether peace were likely to be broken or not, in
+spite of rumours which filled the air.  So well had the secrets been kept
+which the reader has seen discussed in confidential conversations--the
+record of which has always remained unpublished--between the King and
+those admitted to his intimacy that very late in the winter Pecquius,
+while sadly admitting to his masters that the King was likely to take
+part against the Emperor in the affair of the duchies, expressed the
+decided opinion that it would be limited to the secret sending of succour
+to Brandenburg and Neuburg as formerly to the United Provinces, but that
+he would never send troops into Cleve, or march thither himself.
+
+It is important, therefore, to follow closely the development of these
+political and amorous intrigues, for they furnish one of the most curious
+and instructive lessons of history; there being not the slightest doubt
+that upon their issue chiefly depended the question of a great and
+general war.
+
+Pecquius, not yet despairing that his master would effect a
+reconciliation between the King and Conde, proposed again that the Prince
+should be permitted to reside for a time in some place not within the
+jurisdiction of Spain or of the Archdukes, being allowed meantime to draw
+his annual pension of 100,000 livres.  Henry ridiculed the idea of
+Conde's drawing money from him while occupying his time abroad with
+intrigues against his throne and his children's succession.  He scoffed
+at the Envoy's pretences that Conde was not in receipt of money from
+Spain, as if a man so needy and in so embarrassing a position could live
+without money from some source; and as if he were not aware, from his
+correspondents in Spain, that funds were both promised and furnished to
+the Prince.
+
+He repeated his determination not to accord him pardon unless he returned
+to France, which he had no cause to leave, and, turning suddenly on
+Pecquius, demanded why, the subject of reconciliation having failed, the
+Archduke did not immediately fulfil his promise of turning Conde out of
+his dominions.
+
+Upon this Albert's minister drew back with the air of one amazed, asking
+how and when the Archduke had ever made such a promise.
+
+"To the Marquis de Coeuvres," replied Henry.
+
+Pecquius asked if his ears had not deceived him, and if the King had
+really said that de Coeuvres had made such a statement.
+
+Henry repeated and confirmed the story.
+
+Upon the Minister's reply that he had himself received no such
+intelligence from the Archduke, the King suddenly changed his tone,
+and said,
+
+"No, I was mistaken--I was confused--the Marquis never wrote me this; but
+did you not say yourself that I might be assured that there would be no
+difficulty about it if the Prince remained obstinate."
+
+Pecquius replied that he had made such a proposition to his masters by
+his Majesty's request; but there had been no answer received, nor time
+for one, as the hope of reconciliation had not yet been renounced.  He
+begged Henry to consider whether, without instructions from his master,
+he could have thus engaged his word.
+
+"Well," said the King, "since you disavow it, I see very well that the
+Archduke has no wish to give me pleasure, and that these are nothing but
+tricks that you have been amusing me with all this time.  Very good; each
+of us will know what we have to do."
+
+Pecquius considered that the King had tried to get him into a net, and to
+entrap him into the avowal of a promise which he had never made.  Henry
+remained obstinate in his assertions, notwithstanding all the envoy's
+protestations.
+
+"A fine trick, indeed, and unworthy of a king, 'Si dicere fas est,'" he
+wrote to Secretary of State Praets.  "But the force of truth is such that
+he who spreads the snare always tumbles into the ditch himself."
+
+Henry concluded the subject of Conde at this interview by saying that he
+could have his pardon on the conditions already named, and not otherwise.
+
+He also made some complaints about Archduke Leopold, who, he said,
+notwithstanding his demonstrations of wishing a treaty of compromise,
+was taking towns by surprise which he could not hold, and was getting his
+troops massacred on credit.
+
+Pecquius expressed the opinion that it would be better to leave the
+Germans to make their own arrangements among themselves, adding that
+neither his masters nor the King of Spain meant to mix themselves up in
+the matter.
+
+"Let them mix themselves in it or keep out of it, as they like," said
+Henry, "I shall not fail to mix myself up in it."
+
+The King was marvellously out of humour.
+
+Before finishing the interview, he asked Pecquius whether Marquis Spinola
+was going to Spain very soon, as he had permission from his Majesty to do
+so, and as he had information that he would be on the road early in Lent.
+The Minister replied that this would depend on the will of the Archduke,
+and upon various circumstances.  The answer seemed to displease the King,
+and Pecquius was puzzled to know why.  He was not aware, of course, of
+Henry's project to kidnap the Marquis on the road, and keep him as a
+surety for Conde.
+
+The Envoy saw Villeroy after the audience, who told him not to mind the
+King's ill-temper, but to bear it as patiently as he could.  His Majesty
+could not digest, he said, his infinite displeasure at the obstinacy of
+the Prince; but they must nevertheless strive for a reconciliation.  The
+King was quick in words, but slow in deeds, as the Ambassador might have
+observed before, and they must all try to maintain peace, to which he
+would himself lend his best efforts.
+
+As the Secretary of State was thoroughly aware that the King was making
+vast preparations for war, and had given in his own adhesion to the
+project, it is refreshing to observe the candour with which he assured
+the representative of the adverse party of his determination that
+friendliest relations should be preserved.
+
+It is still more refreshing to find Villeroy, the same afternoon, warmly
+uniting with Sully, Lesdiguieres, and the Chancellor, in the decision
+that war should begin forthwith.
+
+For the King held a council at the Arsenal immediately after this
+interview with Pecquius, in which he had become convinced that Conde
+would never return.  He took the Queen with him, and there was not a
+dissentient voice as to the necessity of beginning hostilities at once.
+
+Sully, however, was alone in urging that the main force of the attack
+should be in the north, upon the Rhine and Meuse.  Villeroy and those who
+were secretly in the Spanish interest were for beginning it with the
+southern combination and against Milan.  Sully believed the Duke of Savoy
+to be variable and attached in his heart to Spain, and he thought it
+contrary to the interests of France to permit an Italian prince to grow
+so great on her frontier.  He therefore thoroughly disapproved the plan,
+and explained to the Dutch ambassador that all this urgency to carry on
+the war in the south came from hatred to the United Provinces, jealousy
+of their aggrandizement, detestation of the Reformed religion, and hope
+to engage Henry in a campaign which he could not carry on successfully.
+But he assured Aerssens that he had the means of counteracting these
+designs and of bringing on an invasion for obtaining possession of the
+Meuse.  If the possessory princes found Henry making war in the Milanese
+only, they would feel themselves ruined, and might throw up the game.
+He begged that Barneveld would come on to Paris at once, as now or never
+was the moment to assure the Republic for all time.
+
+The King had acted with malicious adroitness in turning the tables upon
+the Prince and treating him as a rebel and a traitor because, to save his
+own and his wife's honour, he had fled from a kingdom where he had but
+too good reason to suppose that neither was safe.  The Prince, with
+infinite want of tact, had played into the King's hands.  He had bragged
+of his connection with Spain and of his deep designs, and had shown to
+all the world that he was thenceforth but an instrument in the hands of
+the Spanish cabinet, while all the world knew the single reason for which
+he had fled.
+
+The King, hopeless now of compelling the return of Conde, had become most
+anxious to separate him from his wife.  Already the subject of divorce
+between the two had been broached, and it being obvious that the Prince
+would immediately betake himself into the Spanish dominions, the King was
+determined that the Princess should not follow him thither.
+
+He had the incredible effrontery and folly to request the Queen to
+address a letter to her at Brussels, urging her to return to France.
+But Mary de' Medici assured her husband that she had no intention of
+becoming his assistant, using, to express her thought, the plainest and
+most vigorous word that the Italian language could supply.  Henry had
+then recourse once more to the father and aunt.
+
+That venerable couple being about to wait upon the Archduke's envoy, in
+compliance with the royal request, Pecquius, out of respect to their
+advanced age, went to the Constable's residence.  Here both the Duchess
+and Constable, with tears in their eyes, besought that diplomatist to do
+his utmost to prevent the Princess from the sad fate of any longer
+sharing her husband's fortunes.
+
+The father protested that he would never have consented to her marriage,
+preferring infinitely that she should have espoused any honest gentleman
+with 2000 crowns a year than this first prince of the blood, with a
+character such as it had proved to be; but that he had not dared to
+disobey the King.
+
+He spoke of the indignities and cruelties to which she was subjected,
+said that Rochefort, whom Conde had employed to assist him in their
+flight from France, and on the crupper of whose horse the Princess had
+performed the journey, was constantly guilty of acts of rudeness and
+incivility towards her; that but a few days past he had fired off pistols
+in her apartment where she was sitting alone with the Princess of Orange,
+exclaiming that this was the way he would treat anyone who interfered
+with the commands of his master, Conde; that the Prince was incessantly
+railing at her for refusing to caress the Marquis of Spinola; and that,
+in short, he would rather she were safe in the palace of the Archduchess
+Isabella, even in the humblest position among her gentlewomen, than to
+know her vagabondizing miserably about the world with her husband.
+
+This, he said, was the greatest fear he had, and he would rather see her
+dead than condemned to such a fate.
+
+He trusted that the Archdukes were incapable of believing the stories
+that he and the Duchess of Angouleme were influenced in the appeals they
+made for the separation of the Prince and Princess by a desire to serve
+the purposes of the King.  Those were fables put about by Conde.  All
+that the Constable and his sister desired was that the Archduchess would
+receive the Princess kindly when she should throw herself at her feet,
+and not allow her to be torn away against her will.  The Constable spoke
+with great gravity and simplicity, and with all the signs of genuine
+emotion, and Peter Pecquius was much moved.  He assured the aged pair
+that he would do his best to comply with their wishes, and should
+immediately apprise the Archdukes of the interview which had just taken
+place.  Most certainly they were entirely disposed to gratify the
+Constable and the Duchess as well as the Princess herself, whose virtues,
+qualities, and graces had inspired them with affection, but it must be
+remembered that the law both human and divine required wives to submit
+themselves to the commands of their husbands and to be the companions of
+their good and evil fortunes.  Nevertheless, he hoped that the Lord would
+so conduct the affairs of the Prince of Conde that the Most Christian
+King and the Archdukes would all be satisfied.
+
+These pious and consolatory commonplaces on the part of Peter Pecquius
+deeply affected the Constable.  He fell upon the Envoy's neck, embraced
+him repeatedly, and again wept plentifully.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER, III.
+
+     Strange Scene at the Archduke's Palace--Henry's Plot frustrated--
+     His Triumph changed to Despair--Conversation of the Dutch Ambassador
+     with the King--The War determined upon.
+
+It was in the latter part of the Carnival, the Saturday night preceding
+Shrove Tuesday, 1610.  The winter had been a rigorous one in Brussels,
+and the snow lay in drifts three feet deep in the streets.  Within and
+about the splendid palace of Nassau there was much commotion.  Lights and
+flambeaux were glancing, loud voices, martial music, discharge of pistols
+and even of artillery were heard together with the trampling of many
+feet, but there was nothing much resembling the wild revelry or cheerful
+mummery of that holiday season.  A throng of the great nobles of Belgium
+with drawn swords and menacing aspect were assembled in the chief
+apartments, a detachment of the Archduke's mounted body-guard was
+stationed in the courtyard, and five hundred halberdiers of the burgher
+guilds kept watch and ward about the palace.
+
+The Prince of Conde, a square-built, athletic young man of middle
+stature, with regular features, but a sulky expression, deepened at
+this moment into ferocity, was seen chasing the secretary of the French
+resident minister out of the courtyard, thwacking him lustily about the
+shoulders with his drawn sword, and threatening to kill him or any other
+Frenchman on the spot, should he show himself in that palace.  He was
+heard shouting rather than speaking, in furious language against the
+King, against Coeuvres, against Berny, and bitterly bewailing his
+misfortunes, as if his wife were already in Paris instead of Brussels.
+
+Upstairs in her own apartment which she had kept for some days on pretext
+of illness sat the Princess Margaret, in company' of Madame de Berny,
+wife of the French minister, and of the Marquis de Coeuvres, Henry's
+special envoy, and a few other Frenchmen.  She was passionately fond of
+dancing.  The adoring cardinal described her as marvellously graceful and
+perfect in that accomplishment.  She had begged her other adorer, the
+Marquis Spinola, "with sweetest words," that she might remain a few days
+longer in the Nassau Palace before removing to the Archduke's residence,
+and that the great general, according to the custom in France and
+Flanders, would be the one to present her with the violins.  But Spinola,
+knowing the artifice concealed beneath these "sweetest words," had
+summoned up valour enough to resist her blandishments, and had refused a
+second entertainment.
+
+It was not, therefore, the disappointment at losing her ball that now
+made the Princess sad.  She and her companions saw that there had been
+a catastrophe; a plot discovered.  There was bitter disappointment and
+deep dismay upon their faces.  The plot had been an excellent one.  De
+Coeuvres had arranged it all, especially instigated thereto by the father
+of the Princess acting in concurrence with the King.  That night when all
+was expected to be in accustomed quiet, the Princess, wrapped in her
+mantilla, was to have stolen down into the garden, accompanied only by
+her maid the adventurous and faithful Philipotte, to have gone through a
+breach which led through a garden wall to the city ramparts, thence
+across the foss to the counterscarp, where a number of horsemen under
+trustworthy commanders were waiting.  Mounting on the crupper behind one
+of the officers of the escort, she was then to fly to the frontier,
+relays of horses having been provided at every stage until she should
+reach Rocroy, the first pausing place within French territory; a perilous
+adventure for the young and delicate Princess in a winter of almost
+unexampled severity.
+
+On the very morning of the day assigned for the adventure, despatches
+brought by special couriers from the Nuncius and the Spanish ambassador
+at Paris gave notice of the plot to the Archdukes and to Conde, although
+up to that moment none knew of it in Brussels.  Albert, having been
+apprised that many Frenchmen had been arriving during the past few days,
+and swarming about the hostelries of the city and suburbs, was at once
+disposed to believe in the story.  When Conde came to him, therefore,
+with confirmation from his own letters, and demanding a detachment of the
+body-guard in addition to the burgher militiamen already granted by the
+magistrates, he made no difficulty granting the request.  It was as if
+there had been a threatened assault of the city, rather than the
+attempted elopement of a young lady escorted by a handful of cavaliers.
+
+The courtyard of the Nassau Palace was filled with cavalry sent by the
+Archduke, while five hundred burgher guards sent by the magistrates were
+drawn up around the gate.  The noise and uproar, gaining at every moment
+more mysterious meaning by the darkness of night, soon spread through the
+city.  The whole population was awake, and swarming through the streets.
+Such a tumult had not for years been witnessed in Brussels, and the
+rumour flew about and was generally believed that the King of France at
+the head of an army was at the gates of the city determined to carry off
+the Princess by force.  But although the superfluous and very scandalous
+explosion might have been prevented, there could be no doubt that the
+stratagem had been defeated.
+
+Nevertheless, the effrontery and ingenuity of de Coeuvres became now
+sublime.  Accompanied by his colleague, the resident minister, de Berny,
+who was sure not to betray the secret because he had never known it--his
+wife alone having been in the confidence of the Princess--he proceeded
+straightway to the Archduke's palace, and, late in the night as it was,
+insisted on an audience.
+
+Here putting on his boldest face when admitted to the presence, he
+complained loudly of the plot, of which he had just become aware,
+contrived by the Prince of Conde to carry off his wife to Spain against
+her will, by main force, and by assistance of Flemish nobles, archiducal
+body-guard, and burgher militia.
+
+It was all a plot of Conde, he said, to palliate still more his flight
+from France.  Every one knew that the Princess could not fly back to
+Paris through the air.  To take her out of a house filled with people,
+to pierce or scale the walls of the city, to arrange her journey by
+ordinary means, and to protect the whole route by stations of cavalry,
+reaching from Brussels to the frontier, and to do all this in profound
+secrecy, was equally impossible.  Such a scheme had never been arranged
+nor even imagined, he said.  The true plotter was Conde, aided by
+ministers in Flanders hostile to France, and as the honour of the King
+and the reputation of the Princess had been injured by this scandal, the
+Ambassador loudly demanded a thorough investigation of the affair in
+order that vengeance might fall where it was due.
+
+The prudent Albert was equal to the occasion.  Not wishing to state the
+full knowledge which he possessed of de Coeuvres' agency and the King's
+complicity in the scheme of abduction to France, he reasoned calmly with
+the excited marquis, while his colleague looked and listened in dumb
+amazement, having previously been more vociferous and infinitely more
+sincere than his colleague in expressions of indignation.
+
+The Archduke said that he had not thought the plot imputed to the King
+and his ambassador very probable.  Nevertheless, the assertions of the
+Prince had been so positive as to make it impossible to refuse the guards
+requested by him.  He trusted, however, that the truth would soon be
+known, and that it would leave no stain on the Princess, nor give any
+offence to the King.
+
+Surprised and indignant at the turn given to the adventure by the French
+envoys, he nevertheless took care to conceal these sentiments, to abstain
+from accusation, and calmly to inform them that the Princess next morning
+would be established under his own roof; and enjoy the protection of the
+Archduchess.
+
+For it had been arranged several days before that Margaret should leave
+the palace of Nassau for that of Albert and Isabella on the 14th, and the
+abduction had been fixed for the night of the 13th precisely because the
+conspirators wished to profit by the confusion incident on a change of
+domicile.
+
+The irrepressible de Coeuvres, even then hardly willing to give up the
+whole stratagem as lost, was at least determined to discover how and by
+whom the plot had been revealed.  In a cemetery piled three feet deep
+with snow on the evening following that mid-winter's night which had been
+fixed for the Princess's flight, the unfortunate ambassador waited until
+a certain Vallobre, a gentleman of Spinola's, who was the go-between of
+the enamoured Genoese and the Princess, but whom de Coeuvres had gained
+over, came at last to meet him by appointment.  When he arrived, it was
+only to inform him of the manner in which he had been baffled, to
+convince him that the game was up, and that nothing was left him but to
+retreat utterly foiled in his attempt, and to be stigmatized as a
+blockhead by his enraged sovereign.
+
+Next day the Princess removed her residence to the palace of the
+Archdukes, where she was treated with distinguished honour by Isabella,
+and installed ceremoniously in the most stately, the most virtuous, and
+the most dismal of courts.  Her father and aunt professed themselves as
+highly pleased with the result, and Pecquius wrote that "they were glad
+to know her safe from the importunities of the old fop who seemed as mad
+as if he had been stung by a tarantula."
+
+And how had the plot been revealed?  Simply through the incorrigible
+garrulity of the King himself.  Apprised of the arrangement in all its
+details by the Constable, who had first received the special couriers of
+de Coeuvres, he could not keep the secret to himself for a moment, and
+the person of all others in the world to whom he thought good to confide
+it was the Queen herself.  She received the information with a smile, but
+straightway sent for the Nuncius Ubaldini, who at her desire instantly
+despatched a special courier to Spinola with full particulars of the time
+and mode of the proposed abduction.
+
+Nevertheless the ingenuous Henry, confiding in the capacity of his deeply
+offended queen to keep the secret which he had himself divulged, could
+scarcely contain himself for joy.
+
+Off he went to Saint-Germain with a train of coaches, impatient to get
+the first news from de Coeuvres after the scheme should have been carried
+into effect, and intending to travel post towards Flanders to meet and
+welcome the Princess.
+
+"Pleasant farce for Shrove Tuesday," wrote the secretary of Pecquius, "is
+that which the Frenchmen have been arranging down there! He in whose
+favour the abduction is to be made was seen going out the same day
+spangled and smart, contrary to his usual fashion, making a gambado
+towards Saint-Germain-en-Laye with four carriages and four to meet the
+nymph."
+
+Great was the King's wrath and mortification at this ridiculous exposure
+of his detestable scheme.  Vociferous were Villeroy's expressions of
+Henry's indignation at being supposed to have had any knowledge of or
+complicity in the affair.  "His Majesty cannot approve of the means one
+has taken to guard against a pretended plot for carrying off the
+Princess," said the Secretary of State; "a fear which was simulated by
+the Prince in order to defame the King."  He added that there was no
+reason to suspect the King, as he had never attempted anything of the
+sort in his life, and that the Archduke might have removed the Princess
+to his palace without sending an army to the hotel of the Prince of
+Orange, and causing such an alarm in the city, firing artillery on the
+rampart as if the town had been full of Frenchmen in arms, whereas one
+was ashamed next morning to find that there had been but fifteen in all.
+"But it was all Marquis Spinola's fault," he said, "who wished to show
+himself off as a warrior."
+
+The King, having thus through the mouth of his secretary of state warmly
+protested against his supposed implication in the attempted abduction,
+began as furiously to rail at de Coeuvres for its failure; telling the
+Duc de Vendome that his uncle was an idiot, and writing that unlucky
+envoy most abusive letters for blundering in the scheme which had been so
+well concerted between them.  Then he sent for Malherbe, who straightway
+perpetrated more poems to express the King's despair, in which Henry was
+made to liken himself to a skeleton with a dried skin, and likewise to a
+violet turned up by the ploughshare and left to wither.
+
+He kept up through Madame de Berny a correspondence with "his beautiful
+angel," as he called the Princess, whom he chose to consider a prisoner
+and a victim; while she, wearied to death with the frigid monotony and
+sepulchral gaieties of the archiducal court, which she openly called her
+"dungeon" diverted herself with the freaks and fantasies of her royal
+adorer, called him in very ill-spelled letters "her chevalier, her heart,
+her all the world," and frequently wrote to beg him, at the suggestion of
+the intriguing Chateau Vert, to devise some means of rescuing her from
+prison.
+
+The Constable and Duchess meanwhile affected to be sufficiently satisfied
+with the state of things.  Conde, however, received a letter from the
+King, formally summoning him to return to France, and, in case of
+refusal, declaring him guilty of high-treason for leaving the kingdom
+without the leave and against the express commands of the King.  To this
+letter, brought to him by de Coeuvres, the Prince replied by a paper,
+drawn up and served by a notary of Brussels, to the effect that he had
+left France to save his life and honour; that he was ready to return when
+guarantees were given him for the security of both.  He would live and
+die, he said, faithful to the King.  But when the King, departing from
+the paths of justice, proceeded through those of violence against him, he
+maintained that every such act against his person was null and invalid.
+Henry had even the incredible meanness and folly to request the Queen to
+write to the Archdukes, begging that the Princess might be restored to
+assist at her coronation.  Mary de' Medici vigorously replied once more
+that, although obliged to wink at the King's amours, she declined to be
+his procuress.  Conde then went off to Milan very soon after the scene
+at the Nassau Palace and the removal of the Princess to the care of the
+Archdukes.  He was very angry with his wife, from whom he expressed a
+determination to be divorced, and furious with the King, the validity of
+whose second marriage and the legitimacy of whose children he proposed
+with Spanish help to dispute.
+
+The Constable was in favour of the divorce, or pretended to be so, and
+caused importunate letters to be written, which he signed, to both Albert
+and Isabella, begging that his daughter might be restored to him to be
+the staff of his old age, and likewise to be present at the Queen's
+coronation.  The Archdukes, however, resolutely refused to permit her to
+leave their protection without Conde's consent, or until after a divorce
+had been effected, notwithstanding that the father and aunt demanded it.
+The Constable and Duchess however, acquiesced in the decision, and
+expressed immense gratitude to Isabella.
+
+"The father and aunt have been talking to Pecquius," said Henry very
+dismally; "but they give me much pain.  They are even colder than the
+season, but my fire thaws them as soon as I approach."
+
+"P. S.--I am so pining away in my anguish that I am nothing but skin and
+bones.  Nothing gives me pleasure.  I fly from company, and if in order
+to comply with the law of nations I go into some assembly or other,
+instead of enlivening, it nearly kills me."--[Lettres missives de Henri
+vii. 834].
+
+And the King took to his bed.  Whether from gout, fever, or the pangs of
+disappointed love, he became seriously ill.  Furious with every one, with
+Conde, the Constable, de Coeuvres, the Queen, Spinola, with the Prince of
+Orange, whose councillor Keeremans had been encouraging Conde in his
+rebellion and in going to Spain with Spinola, he was now resolved that
+tho war should go on.  Aerssens, cautious of saying too much on paper of
+this very delicate affair, always intimated to Barneveld that, if the
+Princess could be restored, peace was still possible, and that by moving
+an inch ahead of the King in the Cleve matter the States at the last
+moment might be left in the lurch.  He distinctly told the Advocate, on
+his expressing a hope that Henry might consent to the Prince's residence
+in some neutral place until a reconciliation could be effected, that the
+pinch of the matter was not there, and that van der Myle, who knew all
+about it, could easily explain it.
+
+Alluding to the project of reviving the process against the Dowager, and
+of divorcing the Prince and Princess, he said these steps would do much
+harm, as they would too much justify the true cause of the retreat of the
+Prince, who was not believed when he merely talked of his right of
+primogeniture: "The matter weighs upon us very heavily," he said, "but
+the trouble is that we don't search for the true remedies.  The matter is
+so delicate that I don't dare to discuss it to the very bottom."
+
+The Ambassador had a long interview with the King as he lay in his bed
+feverish and excited.  He was more impatient than ever for the arrival
+of the States' special embassy, reluctantly acquiesced in the reasons
+assigned for the delay, but trusted that it would arrive soon with
+Barneveld at the head, and with Count Lewis William as a member for
+"the sword part of it."
+
+He railed at the Prince of Orange, not believing that Keeremans would
+have dared to do what he had done but with the orders of his master.
+He said that the King of Spain would supply Conde with money and with
+everything he wanted, knowing that he could make use of him to trouble
+his kingdom.  It was strange, he thought, that Philip should venture to
+these extremities with his affairs in such condition, and when he had so
+much need of repose.  He recalled all his ancient grievances against
+Spain, his rights to the Kingdom of Navarre and the County of St. Pol
+violated; the conspiracy of Biron, the intrigues of Bouillon, the plots
+of the Count of Auvergne and the Marchioness of Verneuil, the treason of
+Meragne, the corruption of L'Hoste, and an infinity of other plots of the
+King and his ministers; of deep injuries to him and to the public repose,
+not to be tolerated by a mighty king like himself, with a grey beard.  He
+would be revenged, he said, for this last blow, and so for all the rest.
+He would not leave a troublesome war on the hands of his young son.  The
+occasion was favourable.  It was just to defend the oppressed princes
+with the promptly accorded assistance of the States-General.  The King of
+Great Britain was favourable.  The Duke of Savoy was pledged.  It was
+better to begin the war in his green old age than to wait the pleasure
+and opportunity of the King of Spain.
+
+All this he said while racked with fever, and dismissed the Envoy at
+last, after a long interview, with these words:  "Mr. Ambassador--I have
+always spoken roundly and frankly to you, and you will one day be my
+witness that I have done all that I could to draw the Prince out of the
+plight into which he has put himself.  But he is struggling for the
+succession to this crown under instructions from the Spaniards, to whom
+he has entirely pledged himself.  He has already received 6000 crowns for
+his equipment.  I know that you and my other friends will work for the
+conservation of this monarchy, and will never abandon me in my designs to
+weaken the power of Spain.  Pray God for my health."
+
+The King kept his bed a few days afterwards, but soon recovered.
+Villeroy sent word to Barneveld in answer to his suggestions of
+reconciliation that it was too late, that Conde was entirely desperate
+and Spanish.  The crown of France was at stake, he said, and the Prince
+was promising himself miracles and mountains with the aid of Spain,
+loudly declaring the marriage of Mary de' Medici illegal, and himself
+heir to the throne.  The Secretary of State professed himself as
+impatient as his master for the arrival of the embassy; the States being
+the best friends France ever had and the only allies to make the war
+succeed.
+
+Jeannin, who was now never called to the council, said that the war was
+not for Germany but for Conde, and that Henry could carry it on for eight
+years.  He too was most anxious for Barneveld's arrival, and was of his
+opinion that it would have been better for Conde to be persuaded to
+remain at Breda and be supported by his brother-in-law, the Prince of
+Orange.  The impetuosity of the King had however swept everything before
+it, and Conde had been driven to declare himself Spanish and a pretender
+to the crown.  There was no issue now but war.
+
+Boderie, the King's envoy in Great Britain, wrote that James would be
+willing to make a defensive league for the affairs of Cleve and Julich
+only, which was the slenderest amount of assistance; but Henry always
+suspected Master Jacques of intentions to baulk him if possible and
+traverse his designs.  But the die was cast.  Spinola had carried off
+Conde in triumph; the Princess was pining in her gilt cage in Brussels,
+and demanding a divorce for desertion and cruel treatment; the King
+considered himself as having done as much as honour allowed him to effect
+a reconciliation, and it was obvious that, as the States' ambassador
+said, he could no longer retire from the war without shame, which would
+be the greatest danger of all.
+
+"The tragedy is ready to begin," said Aerssens.  "They are only waiting
+now for the arrival of our ambassadors."
+
+On the 9th March the King before going to Fontainebleau for a few days
+summoned that envoy to the Louvre.  Impatient at a slight delay in his
+arrival, Henry came down into the courtyard as he was arriving and asked
+eagerly if Barneveld was coming to Paris.  Aerssens replied, that the
+Advocate had been hastening as much as possible the departure of the
+special embassy, but that the condition of affairs at home was such as
+not to permit him to leave the country at that moment.  Van der Myle, who
+would be one of the ambassadors, would more fully explain this by word of
+mouth.
+
+The King manifested infinite annoyance and disappointment that Barneveld
+was not to make part of the embassy.  "He says that he reposes such
+singular confidence in your authority in the state, experience in
+affairs, and affection for himself," wrote Aerssens, "that he might treat
+with you in detail and with open heart of all his designs.  He fears now
+that the ambassadors will be limited in their powers and instructions,
+and unable to reply at once on the articles which at different times have
+been proposed to me for our enterprise.  Thus much valuable time will be
+wasted in sending backwards and forwards."
+
+The King also expressed great anxiety to consult with Count Lewis William
+in regard to military details, but his chief sorrow was in regard to the
+Advocate.  "He acquiesced only with deep displeasure and regret in your
+reasons," said the Ambassador, "and says that he can hope for nothing
+firm now that you refuse to come."
+
+Villeroy intimated that Barneveld did not come for fear of exciting the
+jealousy of the English.
+
+
+
+ETEXT EDITOR'S BOOKMARKS:
+
+He who spreads the snare always tumbles into the ditch himself
+Most detestable verses that even he had ever composed
+She declined to be his procuress
+
+
+
+
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIFE OF JOHN OF BARNEVELD, 1609-10 ***
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