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diff --git a/old/44335-h/44335-h.htm b/old/44335-h/44335-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..52a4a6a --- /dev/null +++ b/old/44335-h/44335-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,15129 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Curialia Miscellanea, or Anecdotes of Old Times, Regal, Noble, Gentilitial, and Miscellaneous, by Samuel Pegge. + </title> + <link rel="coverpage" href="images/coverpage.jpg"/> + <style type="text/css"> + +body { + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + + h1,h2,h3,h4 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; +} + + +p { + margin-top: .51em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .49em; + text-indent: 1em; +} + +.noind {text-indent: 0em;} + +.s08 {font-size:.8em;} +.s05 {font-size:.5em;} +.s04 {font-size:.4em;} +hr { + width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; +} + +hr.tb {width: 25%;} +hr.chap {width: 45%} + +table { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + font-style: normal; + text-align: right; +} /* page numbers */ + +.blockquot { + margin-left: 5%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + +.center {text-align: center;} + +.right {text-align: right;} + +.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + +.caption {font-weight: bold;} + +.space-above { margin-top: 3em; } + +.hanging {margin-left: 2em; text-indent: -2em; font-size: 15px;} + +.sig { text-align: right; margin-right: 5%; } + +.oldenglish { font-family: "Old English Text MT" } + +/* Images */ +.figcenter { + margin: auto; + text-align: center; +} + +.bord img { padding: 1px; border: 2px solid black; } + + +/* Footnotes */ + +.footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + +.footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + +.fnanchor { + vertical-align: super; + font-size: 55%; + text-decoration: + none; +} + +/* Poetry */ +.poem { + margin-left:10%; + margin-right:10%; + text-align: left; +} + +.poem br {display: none;} + +.poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + +.poem span.i0 {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} +.poem span.i1 {display: block; margin-left: 0.5em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} +.poem span.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 1em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + + +@media handheld +{ + .poetry + { + display: block; + margin-left: 1.5em; + } +} + +/* Transcriber's notes */ +.tn {background-color: #E6E6FA; + color: black; + font-size:smaller; + border: dashed 1px; + padding:0.5em; + margin-bottom:5em; + font-family:sans-serif, serif; } + + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Curialia Miscellanea, or Anecdotes of Old +Times; Regal, Noble, Gentilitial, and Miscellaneous, by Samuel Pegge + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license + + +Title: Curialia Miscellanea, or Anecdotes of Old Times; Regal, Noble, Gentilitial, and Miscellaneous + Including Authentic Anecdotes of The Royal Household + +Author: Samuel Pegge + +Release Date: December 1, 2013 [EBook #44335] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CURIALIA MISCELLANEA *** + + + + +Produced by StevenGibbs, Julia Neufeld and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + +<hr class="chap" /> + + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 380px;"> +<img src="images/title.jpg" width="380" height="600" alt="title page" /> +</div> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 398px;"><a name="Frontispiece" id="Frontispiece"></a> +<img src="images/frontispiece.jpg" width="398" height="600" alt="Pegge" /> +<div class="caption"><p class="center"><span class="smcap">Rev. Samuel Pegge</span>, LL.D F.S.A.<br /> + +<em>Born 1704; Died 1796.</em><br /> + +<em>Engraved by Philip Audinet from an Original Painting +by Elias Needham 1788 in the Possession of Sir Christopher Pegge, M.D.</em><br /> + +<em>Published by Nichols, Son & Bentley, Jan. 1, 1818.</em></p></div> +</div> + + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<h1> +<span class="oldenglish">Curialia Miscellanea</span>,<br /> + +<span class="s04">OR</span><br /> + +<em>ANECDOTES OF OLD TIMES</em>;<br /> + +<span class="s08">REGAL, NOBLE, GENTILITIAL</span>,<br /> + +<span class="s04">AND</span><br /> + +<span class="s08">MISCELLANEOUS:</span><br /> + +<span class="s05">INCLUDING AUTHENTIC ANECDOTES OF<br /> + +THE ROYAL HOUSEHOLD,<br /> + +<span class="s04">AND THE</span><br /> + +MANNERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE COURT,<br /> + +AT AN EARLY PERIOD OF THE</span><br /> + +<span class="oldenglish">English History.</span></h1> + + +<p class="center">———</p> +<h3><span class="smcap">By</span> SAMUEL PEGGE, <span class="smcap">Esq.</span> F.S.A.</h3> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Author of the</span> "CURIALIA,"<br /> + +AND OF<br /> + +<big>"ANECDOTES OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE."</big><br /> +———<br /> + +PRINTED BY AND FOR J. NICHOLS, SON, AND BENTLEY,<br /> + +AT THE PRINTING-OFFICE OF THE NOTES OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS,<br /> +25, PARLIAMENT STREET, AND 10, KING STREET, WESTMINSTER;<br /> + +SOLD ALSO AT THEIR OLD OFFICE IN RED LION PASSAGE,<br /> +FLEET STREET, LONDON.</p> + +<p class="center">1818. +</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + + +<h2>LIST OF PLATES.</h2> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="plates"> +<tr><td align="left">Portrait of the Rev. Samuel Pegge, LL.D.</td><td align="right"><a href="#Frontispiece"><em>Frontispiece.</em></a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Whittington Church</td><td align="right"><a href="#church">lix.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Whittington Rectory</td><td align="right"><a href="#rectory">lxii.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Whittington Revolution House</td><td align="right"><a href="#house">lxiii.</a></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr class="tb" /> + + +<h2>ADVERTISEMENT.</h2> + +<hr class="tb" /> +<p>The publication of this Volume is strictly +conformable to the testamentary intentions of +the Author, who consigned the MSS. for that +express purpose to the present Editor<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>.</p> + +<p>Mr. Pegge had, in his life-time, published +Three Portions of "<em>Curialia</em>, or an Account +of some Members of the Royal Houshold;" +and had, with great industry and laborious +research, collected materials for several other +Portions, some of which were nearly completed +for the press.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[iv]</a></span></p> + +<p>Mr. Pegge was "led into the investigation," +he says, "by a natural and kind of instinctive +curiosity, and a desire of knowing what +was the antient state of the Court to which +he had the honour, by the favour of his +Grace William the late Duke of Devonshire, +to compose a part."</p> + +<p>Two more Portions were printed in 1806 +by the present Editor. Long, however, and +intimately acquainted as he was with the accuracy +and diffidence of Mr. Pegge, he would +have hesitated in offering those posthumous +Essays to the Publick, if the plan had +not been clearly defined, and the Essays +sufficiently distinct to be creditable to the +reputation which Mr. Pegge had already +acquired, by the Parts of the "Curialia" +published by himself, and by his very entertaining +(posthumous) "Anecdotes of the +English Language;"—a reputation which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span> +descended to him by <em>Hereditary Right</em>, and +which he transmitted untarnished to a worthy +and learned Son.</p> + +<p>It was the hope and intention of the Editor +to have proceeded with some other Portions +of the "Curialia;" but the fatal event which +(in February 1808) overwhelmed him in +accumulated distress put a stop to that +intention. Nearly all the printed Copies of +the "Curialia" perished in the flames; and +part of the original MS. was lost.</p> + +<p>A few detached Articles, which related to +the College of Arms, and to the Order of +Knights Bachelors (which, had they been +more perfect, would have formed one or more +succeeding Portions) have since been deposited +in the rich Library of that excellent +College.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span></p> + +<p>The Volume now submitted to the candour +of the Reader is formed from the wreck +of the original materials. The arranging of +the several detached articles, and the revisal +of them through the press, have afforded the +Editor some amusement; and he flatters himself +that the Volume will meet with that indulgence +which the particular circumstances +attending it may presume to claim.—If the +Work has any merit, it is the Author's. +The defects should, in fairness, be attributed +to the Editor.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +J. N.</p> +<p> +<em>Highbury Place, Dec. 1, 1817.</em> +</p> + + +<p class="center">⁂ Extract from Mr. <span class="smcap">Pegge's</span> Will.</p> + +<blockquote> + +<p>"Having the Copy-right of my little Work called <cite>Curialia</cite> in +myself, I hereby give and bequeath all my interest therein, together +with all my impressions thereof which may be unsold at the time of +my decease, to my Friend Mr. John Nichols, Printer, with the addition +of as much money as will pay the Tax on this Legacy. I also +request of the said Mr. John Nichols, that he would carefully +peruse and digest all my Papers and Collections on the above subject, +and print them under the title of <cite>Curialia Miscellanea</cite>, or some such +description.—There is also another Work of mine, not quite finished, +intitled <cite>Anecdotes of the English Language</cite>, which I wish Mr. +Nichols to bring forward from his Press. <span class="smcap">Samuel Pegge.</span>"</p></blockquote> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="contacts"> +<tr><td align="left">PARENTALIA: or, Memoirs of the Rev. Dr. Samuel Pegge, compiled by his Son</td><td align="right"><a href="#ix">Page ix-lviii</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="center">Appendix to the Parentalia:</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Description of Whittington Church</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_lix">lix</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Description of Whittington Rectory</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_lxii">lxii</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Description of The Revolution House at Whittington</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_lxii">ibid.</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Origin of the Revolution in 1688</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_lxiv">lxiv</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Celebration of the Jubilee in 1788</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_lxv">lxv</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Stanzas by the Rev. P. Cunningham</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_lxxi">lxxi</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Ode for the Revolution Jubilee</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_lxxiii">lxxiii</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Extracts from Letters of Dr. Pegge to Mr. Gough</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_lxxiv">lxxiv</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Memoirs of Samuel Pegge, Esq. by the Editor</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_lxxvii">lxxvii</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Appendix of Epistolary Correspondence</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_lxxxiii">lxxxiii</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="center"><span class="smcap">Hospitium Domini Regis</span>:</td></tr> +<tr><td align="center">or, The History of the Royal Household.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Introduction</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_1">Page 1</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">William I.</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_6">6</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">William Rufus</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_18">18</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Henry I.</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_24">24</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Stephen</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Henry II. (Plantagenet)</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Richard I.</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Henry IV.</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Edward IV.</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Extracts from the <cite>Liber Niger</cite></td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_71">71</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Knights and Esquires of the Body</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_73">73</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Gentleman Usher</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_74">74</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Great Chamberlain of England</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_76">76</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Knights of Household</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_77">77</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Esquires of the Body</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_79">79</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Yeomen of the Crown</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_84">84</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span>A Barber for the King's most high and dread Person</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_86">86</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Henxmen</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_88">88</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Master of Henxmen</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_89">89</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Squires of Household</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_91">91</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Kings of Arms, Heralds, and Pursuivants</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_95">95</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Serjeants of Arms</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_97">97</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Minstrels</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_99">99</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A Wayte</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_101">101</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Clerk of the Crown in Chancery</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_103">103</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Supporters, Crests, and Cognizances, of the Kings of England</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_104">104</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Regal Titles</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_109">109</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">On the Virtues of the Royal Touch</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_111">111</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Ceremonies for Healing, for King's Evil</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_154">154</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Ceremonies for blessing Cramp-Rings</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_164">164</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><cite>Stemmata Magnatum</cite>: Origin of the Titles of some of the English Nobility</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_173">173</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">English Armorial Bearings</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_201">201</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Origin and Derivation of remarkable Surnames</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_208">208</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"><cite>Symbola Scotica</cite>: Mottoes, &c. of Scottish Families</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_213">213</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Dissertation on Coaches and Sedan Chairs</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_269">269</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Dissertation on the Hammer Cloth</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_304">304</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Articles of Dress.—Gloves</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_305">305</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Ermine—Gentlewomen's Apparel</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_312">312</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Apparel for the Heads of Gentlewomen</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_313">313</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Mourning</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_314">314</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Beard, &c.</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_316">316</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Origin of the Name of the City of Westminster</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_320">320</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Memoranda relative to the Society of the Temple in London, written in 1760</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_323">323</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Dissertation on the Use of <em>Simnel</em> Bread, and the Derivation of the Word <em>Simnel</em></td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_329">329</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Historical Essay on the Origin of "Thirteen Pence Half-penny," as Hangman's Wages</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_331">331</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Custom observed by the Lord Lieutenants of Ireland</td><td align="right"><a href="#Page_349">349</a></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="ix" id="ix"> </a></span></p> + + + + +<h2><span class="center oldenglish">Parentalia:</span></h2> + +<p class="center">OR,</p> + +<p class="center"><big>MEMOIRS OF THE REV. DR. PEGGE,</big></p> + +<p class="center">COMPILED BY HIS SON.</p> + +<p class="center">————</p> + + +<p>The Rev. Samuel Pegge, LL. D. and F.S.A. +was the Representative of one of four Branches of +the Family of that name in Derbyshire, derived +from a common Ancestor, all which existed together +till within a few years. The eldest became +extinct by the death of Mr. William Pegge, +of Yeldersley, near Ashborne, 1768; and another +by that of the Rev. Nathaniel Pegge, M.A. Vicar +of Packington, in Leicestershire, 1782.</p> + +<p>The Doctor's immediate Predecessors, as may +appear from the Heralds-office, were of Osmaston, +near <em>Ashborne</em>, where they resided, in lineal succession, +for four generations, antecedently to his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[x]</a></span> +Father and himself, and where they left a patrimonial +inheritance, of which the Doctor died +possessed<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>.</p> + +<p>Of the other existing branch, Mr. Edward +Pegge having [1662] married Gertrude, sole +daughter and heir of William Strelley, Esq. of +Beauchief, in the Northern part of Derbyshire, +seated himself there, and was appointed High +Sheriff of the County in 1667; as was his Grandson, +Strelley Pegge, Esq. 1739; and his Great-grandson, +the present Peter Pegge, Esq. 1788.</p> + +<p>It was by Katharine Pegge, a daughter of +Thomas Pegge, Esq. of Yeldersley, that King +Charles II. (who saw her abroad during his exile) +had a son born (1647), whom he called Charles +<em>Fitz-Charles</em>, to whom he granted the Royal arms, +with a baton sinister, Vairé, and whom (1675) +his Majesty created Earl of <em>Plymouth</em>, Viscount +<em>Totness</em>, and Baron <em>Dartmouth</em><a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a>. He was bred +to the Sea, and, having been educated abroad, +most probably in Spain, was known by the name +of <em>Don Carlos</em><a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>. The Earl married the Lady +Bridget Osborne, third Daughter of Thomas Earl<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[xi]</a></span> +of Danby, Lord High Treasurer (at Wimbledon, +in Surrey), 1678<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a>, and died of a flux at the +siege of Tangier, 1680, without issue. The body +was brought to England, and interred in Westminster +Abbey<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a>. The Countess re-married Dr. +Philip Bisse, Bishop of Hereford, by whom she +had no issue; and who, surviving her, erected a +handsome tablet to her memory in his Cathedral.</p> + +<p>Katharine Pegge, the Earl's mother, married Sir +Edward Greene, Bart. of Samford in Essex, and +died without issue by him<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a>.</p> + +<p>But to return to the Rev. Dr. Pegge, the outline +<em>only</em> of whose life we propose to give. His Father +(Christopher) was, as we have observed, of Osmaston, +though he never resided there, even after +he became possessed of it; for, being a younger +Brother, it was thought proper to put him to +business; and he served his time with a considerable +woollen-draper at Derby, which line he +followed till the death of his elder Brother (Humphry, +who died without issue 1711) at Chesterfield<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[xii]</a></span> +in Derbyshire, when he commenced lead-merchant, +then a lucrative branch of traffick +there; and, having been for several years a Member +of the Corporation, died in his third Mayoralty, +1723.</p> + +<p>He had married Gertrude Stephenson (a daughter +of Francis Stephenson, of Unston, near Chesterfield, +Gent.) whose Mother was Gertrude Pegge, +a Daughter of the before-mentioned Edward +Pegge, Esq. of Beauchief; by which marriage +these two Branches of the Family, which had +long been diverging from each ether, became reunited, +both by blood and name, in the person of +Dr. Pegge, their only surviving child.</p> + +<p>He was born Nov. 5, 1704, N.S. at Chesterfield, +where he had his school education; and was +admitted a Pensioner of St. John's College, Cambridge, +May 30, 1722, under the tuition of the +Rev. Dr. William Edmundson; was matriculated +July 7; and, in the following November, was +elected a Scholar of the House, upon Lupton's +Foundation.</p> + +<p>In the same year with his Father (1723) died +the Heir of his Maternal Grandfather (Stephenson), +a minor; by whose death a moiety of the +real estate at Unston (before-mentioned) became +the property of our young Collegian, who was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">[xiii]</a></span> +then pursuing his academical studies with intention +of taking orders.</p> + +<p>Having, however, no immediate prospect of +preferment, he looked up to a Fellowship of the +College, after he had taken the degree of A.B. in +January 1725, N.S.; and became a candidate +upon a vacancy which happened favourably in +that very year; for it was a Lay-fellowship upon +the Beresford Foundation, and appropriated to +the Founder's kin, or at least confined to a Native +of Derbyshire.</p> + +<p>The competitors were, Mr. Michael Burton +(afterwards Dr. Burton), and another, whose +name we do not find; but the contest lay between +Mr. Burton and Mr. Pegge. Mr. Burton +had the stronger claim, being indubitably related +to the Founder; but, upon examination, was declared +to be so very deficient in Literature, that +his superior right, as Founder's kin, was set aside, +on account of the insufficiency of his learning; +and Mr. Pegge was admitted, and sworn Fellow +March 21, 1726, O. S.</p> + +<p>In consequence of this disappointment, Mr. +Burton was obliged to take new ground, to enable +him to procure an establishment in the world; +and therefore artfully applied to the College for +a testimonial, that he might receive orders, and +undertake some cure in the vicinity of Cambridge.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">[xiv]</a></span> +Being ordained, he turned the circumstance into +a manœuvre, and took an unexpected advantage +of it, by appealing to the Visitor [the Bishop of +Ely, Dr. Thomas Greene], representing, that, as +the College had, by the testimonial, thought +him qualified for Ordination, it could not, in +justice, deem him unworthy of becoming a +Fellow of the Society, upon such forcible claims +as Founder's kin, and also as a Native of Derbyshire.</p> + +<p>These were irresistible pleas on the part of +Mr. Burton; and the Visitor found himself reluctantly +obliged to eject Mr. Pegge; when Mr. +Burton took possession of the Fellowship, which +he held many years<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a>.</p> + +<p>Thus this business closed; but the Visitor did +Mr. Pegge the favour to recommend him, in so +particular a manner, to the Master and Seniors +of the College, that he was thenceforward considered +as an honorary member of the body of +Fellows (<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">tanquam Socius</i>), kept his seat at their +table and in the chapel, being placed in the situation +of a Fellow-commoner.</p> + +<p>In consequence, then, of this testimony of the +Bishop of Ely's approbation, Mr. Pegge was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xv" id="Page_xv">[xv]</a></span> +chosen a Platt-fellow on the first vacancy, A. D. +1729<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a>. He was therefore, in fact, <em>twice</em> a Fellow +of St. John's.</p> + +<p>There is good reason to believe that, in the interval +between his removal from his first Fellowship, +and his acceding to the second, he meditated +the publication of Xenophon's "<cite>Cyropædia</cite>" +and "<cite>Anabasis</cite>," from a collation of them with a +Duport MS. in the Library at Eton—to convince +the world that the Master and Seniors of St. +John's College did not judge unworthily in giving +him so decided a preference to Mr. Burton in +their election.</p> + +<p>It appears that he had made very large collections +for such a work; but we suspect that it was thrown +aside on being anticipated by Mr. Hutchinson's +Edition, which was formed from more valuable +manuscripts.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xvi" id="Page_xvi">[xvi]</a></span></p> + +<p>He possessed a MS "Lexicon Xenophonticum" +by himself, as well as a Greek Lexicon in MS.; +and had also "An English Historical Dictionary," +in 6 volumes folio; a French and Italian, a Latin, +a British and Saxon one, in one volume each; all +corrected by his notes; a "Glossarium Generale;" +and two volumes of "Collections in English History."</p> + +<p>During his residence in Kent, Mr. Pegge +formed a "Monasticon Cantianum," in two folio +MS volumes; a MS Dictionary for Kent; an +Alphabetical List of Kentish Authors and Worthies; +Kentish Collections; Places in Kent; and +many large MS additions to the account of that +county in the "Magna Britannia."</p> + +<p>He also collected a good deal relative to the +College at Wye, and its neighbourhood, which he +thought of publishing, and engraved the seal, before +engraved in Lewis's Seals. He had "Extracts +from the Rental of the Royal Manor of Wye, +made about 1430, in the hands of Daniel Earl of +Winchelsea;" and "Copy of a Survey and Rental +of the College, in the possession of Sir Windham +Knatchbull, 1739."</p> + +<p>While resident in College (and in the year +1730) Mr. Pegge was elected a Member of the +Zodiac Club, a literary Society, which consisted +of twelve members, denominated from the Twelve<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xvii" id="Page_xvii">[xvii]</a></span> +Signs. This little institution was founded, and +articles, in the nature of statutes, were agreed +upon Dec. 10, 1725. Afterwards (1728) this Society +thought proper to enlarge their body, when +six select additional members were chosen, and +denominated from six of the Planets, though it +still went collectively under the name of the +<em>Zodiac Club</em><a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a>. In this latter class Mr. Pegge +was the original <em>Mars</em>, and continued a member of +the Club as long as he resided in the University. +His secession was in April 1732, and his seat accordingly +declared vacant.</p> + +<p>In the same year, 1730, Mr. Pegge appears in +a more public literary body;—among the Members +of the Gentlemen's Society at Spalding, in +Lincolnshire, to which he contributed some papers +which will be noticed below<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xviii" id="Page_xviii">[xviii]</a></span></p> +<p>Having taken the degree of A. M. in July +1729, Mr. Pegge was ordained Deacon in December +in the same year; and, in the February +following, received Priest's orders; both of which +were conferred by Dr. William Baker, Bishop of +Norwich.</p> + +<p>It was natural that he should now look to employment +in his profession; and, agreeably to his +wishes, he was soon retained as Curate to the +Rev. Dr. John Lynch (afterwards [1733] Dean +of Canterbury), at Sundrich in Kent, on which +charge he entered at Lady-day 1730; and in his +Principal, as will appear, soon afterwards, very +unexpectedly, found a Patron.</p> + +<p>The Doctor gave Mr. Pegge the choice of three +Cures under him—of Sundrich, of a London +Living, or the Chaplainship of St. Cross, of +which the Doctor was then Master. Mr. Pegge +preferred Sundrich, which he held till Dr. Lynch +exchanged, that Rectory for Bishopsbourne, and +then removed thither at Midsummer 1731.</p> + +<p>Within a few months after this period, Dr. +Lynch, who had married a daughter of Archbishop +Wake, obtained for Mr. Pegge, unsolicited, +the Vicarage of Godmersham (cum Challock), +into which he was inducted Dec. 6, 1731.</p> + +<p>We have said <em>unsolicited</em>, because, at the moment +when the Living was conferred, Mr. Pegge<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xix" id="Page_xix">[xix]</a></span> +had more reason to expect a <em>reproof</em> from his +Principal, than a <em>reward</em> for so short a service of +these Cures. The case was, that Mr. Pegge had, +in the course of the preceding summer (unknown +to Dr. Lynch) taken a little tour, for a few months, +to Leyden, with a Fellow Collegian (John Stubbing, +M. B. then a medical pupil under Boerhaave), +leaving his Curacy to the charge of some +of the neighbouring Clergy. On his return, +therefore, he was not a little surprized to obtain +actual preferment through Dr. Lynch, without the +most distant engagement on the score of the +Doctor's interest with the Archbishop, or the +smallest suggestion from Mr. Pegge.</p> + +<p>Being now in possession of a Living, and independent +property, Mr. Pegge married (April 13, +1732) Miss Anne Clarke, the only daughter of +Benjamin, and sister of John Clarke, Esqrs. of +Stanley, near Wakefield, in the county of York, +by whom he had one Son [Samuel, of whom +hereafter], who, after his Mother's death, became +eventually heir to his Uncle; and one Daughter, +Anna-Katharina, wife of the Rev. John Bourne, +M.A. of Spital, near Chesterfield, Rector of Sutton +cum Duckmanton, and Vicar of South Winfield, +both in Derbyshire; by whom she had two +daughters, Elizabeth, who married Robert Jennings,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xx" id="Page_xx">[xx]</a></span> +Esq. and Jane, who married Benjamin +Thompson, Esq.</p> + +<p>While Mr. Pegge was resident in Kent, where +he continued twenty years, he made himself acceptable +to every body, by his general knowledge, +his agreeable conversation, and his vivacity; for +he was received into the familiar acquaintance of +the best Gentlemen's Families in East Kent, +several of whom he preserved in his correspondence +after he quitted the county, till the whole +of those of his own standing gave way to fate +before him.</p> + +<p>Having an early propensity to the study of +Antiquity among his general researches, and being +allowedly an excellent Classical Scholar, he here +laid the foundation of what in time became a considerable +collection of books, and his little cabinet +of Coins grew in proportion; by which two assemblages +(so scarce among Country Gentlemen +in general) he was qualified to pursue those collateral +studies, without neglecting his parochial +duties, to which he was always assiduously attentive.</p> + +<p>The few pieces which Mr. Pegge printed while +he lived in Kent will be mentioned hereafter, +when we shall enumerate such of his Writings +as are most material. These (exclusively of Mr. +<em>Urban</em>'s obligations to him in the Gentleman's<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxi" id="Page_xxi">[xxi]</a></span> +Magazine) have appeared principally, and most +conspicuously, in the <cite>Archæologia</cite>, which may be +termed the Transactions of the Society of Antiquaries. +In that valuable collection will be found +more than fifty memoirs, written and communicated +by him, many of which are of considerable +length, being by much the greatest number +hitherto contributed by any individual member +of that respectable Society.</p> + +<p>In returning to the order of time, we find that, +in July 1746, Mr. Pegge had the great misfortune +to lose his Wife; whose monumental inscription, +at Godmersham, bears ample testimony of her +worth:</p> + +<p class="center"> +"<small>MDCCXLVI.</small><br /> +Anna Clarke, uxor Samuelis Pegge<br /> +Vicarii hujus parochiæ;<br /> +Mulier, si qua alia, sine dolo,<br /> +Vitam æternam et beatam fidenter hic sperat;<br /> +nec erit frustra." +</p> + +<p>This event entirely changed Mr. Pegge's destinations; +for he now zealously meditated on some +mode of removing himself, without disadvantage, +into his Native County. To effect this, one of +two points was to be carried; either to obtain +some piece of preferment, tenable in its nature +with his Kentish Vicarage; or to exchange the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxii" id="Page_xxii">[xxii]</a></span> +latter for an equivalent; in which last he eventually +succeeded beyond his immediate expectations.</p> + +<p>We are now come to a new epoch in the Doctor's +life; but there is an interval of a few years to +be accounted for, before he found an opportunity +of effectually removing himself into Derbyshire.</p> + +<p>His Wife being dead, his Children young and +at school, and himself reduced to a life of solitude, +so ungenial to his temper (though no man +was better qualified to improve his leisure); he +found relief by the kind offer of his valuable +Friend, Sir Edward Dering, Bart.</p> + +<p>At this moment Sir Edward chose to place his +Son<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> under the care of a private Tutor at home, +to qualify him more competently for the University. +Sir Edward's personal knowledge of Mr. +Pegge, added to the Family situation of the latter, +mutually induced the former to offer, and the +latter to accept, the proposal of removing from +Godmersham to Surrenden (Sir Edward's mansion-house) +to superintend Mr. Dering's education +for a short time; in which capacity he continued +about a year and a half, till Mr. Dering was +admitted of St. John's College, Cambridge, in +March 1751.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxiii" id="Page_xxiii">[xxiii]</a></span></p> +<p>Sir Edward had no opportunity, by any patronage +of his own, permanently to gratify Mr. +Pegge, and to preserve him in the circle of their +common Friends. On the other hand, finding +Mr. Pegge's propensity to a removal so very +strong, Sir Edward reluctantly pursued every +possible measure to effect it.</p> + +<p>The first vacant living in Derbyshire which offered +itself was the Perpetual Curacy of <em>Brampton</em>, +near Chesterfield; a situation peculiarly eligible +in many respects. It became vacant in +1747; and, if it could have been obtained, would +have placed Mr. Pegge in the centre of his early +acquaintance in that County; and, being tenable +with his Kentish living, would not have totally +estranged him from his Friends in the South of +England. The patronage of Brampton is in the +Dean of Lincoln, which Dignity was then filled +by the Rev. Dr. Thomas Cheyney; to whom, +Mr. Pegge being a stranger, the application was +necessarily to be made in a circuitous manner, and +he was obliged to employ more than a double +mediation before his name could be mentioned to +the Dean.</p> + +<p>The mode he proposed was through the influence +of William the third Duke of Devonshire; +to whom Mr. Pegge was personally known as a +Derbyshire man (though he had so long resided +in Kent), having always paid his respects to his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxiv" id="Page_xxiv">[xxiv]</a></span> +Grace on the public days at Chatsworth, as often +as opportunity served, when on a visit in Derbyshire. +Mr. Pegge did not, however, think himself +sufficiently in the Duke's favour to make a +direct address for his Grace's recommendation to +the Dean of Lincoln, though the object so fully +met his wishes in moderation, and in every other +point. He had, therefore, recourse to a friend, +the Right Rev. Dr. Fletcher, Bishop of Dromore, +then in England; who, in conjunction with +Godfrey Watkinson, of Brampton Moor, Esq. +(the principal resident Gentleman in the parish of +Brampton) solicited, and obtained, his Grace's +interest with the Dean of Lincoln: who, in consequence, +nominated Mr. Pegge to the living.</p> + +<p>One point now seemed to be gained towards +his re-transplantation into his native soil, after +he had resisted considerable offers had he continued +in Kent; and thus did he think himself +virtually in possession of a living in Derbyshire, +which in its nature was tenable with Godmersham +in Kent. Henceforward, then, he no doubt felt +a satisfaction that he should soon be enabled to +live in Derbyshire, and occasionally visit his +friends in Kent, instead of residing in that county, +and visiting his friends in Derbyshire.</p> + +<p>But, after all this assiduity and anxiety (as if +<em>admission</em> and <em>ejection</em> had pursued him a second<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxv" id="Page_xxv">[xxv]</a></span> +time), the result of Mr. Pegge's expectations was +far from answering his then present wishes; for, +when he thought himself secure by the Dean's +nomination, and that nothing was wanting but +the Bishop's licence, the Dean's <em>right of Patronage</em> +was controverted by the Parishioners of +Brampton, who brought forward a Nominee of +their own.</p> + +<p>The ground of this claim, on the part of the +Parish, was owing to an ill-judged indulgence of +some former Deans of Lincoln, who had occasionally +permitted the Parishioners to send an +Incumbent directly to the <em>Bishop</em> for his licence, +without the intermediate nomination of the <em>Dean</em> +in due form.</p> + +<p>These measures were principally fomented by +the son of the last Incumbent, the Rev. Seth +Ellis, a man of a reprobate character, and a disgrace +to his profession, who wanted the living, +and was patronised by the Parish. He had a +desperate game to play; for he had not the least +chance of obtaining any preferment, as no individual +Patron, who was even superficially acquainted +with his <em>moral</em> character alone, could +with decency advance him in the church. To +complete the detail of the fate of this man, whose +interest the deluded part of the mal-contents of +the parish so warmly espoused, he was soon after<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxvi" id="Page_xxvi">[xxvi]</a></span> +suspended by the Bishop from officiating at +Brampton<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a>.</p> + +<p>Whatever inducements the Parish might have +to support Mr. Ellis so strenuously we do not +say, though they manifestly did not arise from +any pique to one Dean more than to another; and +we are decidedly clear that they were not founded +in any aversion to Mr. Pegge as an individual; +for his character was in all points too well established, +and too well known (even to the leading +opponents to the Dean), to admit of the least personal +dislike in any respect. So great, nevertheless, +was the acrimony with which the Parishioners +pursued their visionary pretensions to the Patronage, +that, not content with the decision of the +Jury (which was highly respectable) in favour of +the Dean, when the right of Patronage was tried +in 1748; they had the audacity to carry the cause +to an Assize at Derby, where, on the fullest and +most incontestable evidence, a verdict was given +in favour of the Dean, to the confusion and indelible +disgrace of those Parishioners who espoused<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxvii" id="Page_xxvii">[xxvii]</a></span> +so bad a cause, supported by the most undaunted +effrontery.</p> + +<p>The evidence produced by the Parish went to +prove, from an entry made nearly half a century +before in the accompts kept by the Churchwardens, +that the <em>Parishioners</em>, and not the +<em>Deans of Lincoln</em>, had hitherto, on a vacancy, +nominated a successor to the Bishop of the Diocese +for his licence, without the intervention of any +other person or party. The Parish accompts +were accordingly brought into court at Derby, +wherein there appeared not only a palpable erasement, +but such an one as was detected by a living +and credible witness; for, a Mr. <em>Mower</em> swore +that, on a vacancy in the year 1704, an application +was made by the Parish to the <em>Dean of Lincoln</em> +in favour of the Rev. Mr. Littlewood<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a>.</p> + +<p>In corroboration of Mr. Mower's testimony, an +article in the Parish accompts and expenditures of +that year was adverted to, and which, when Mr. +Mower saw it, ran thus:</p> + +<p>"Paid William Wilcoxon, for going <em>to Lincoln +to the Dean</em> concerning Mr. Littlewood, five +shillings."</p> + +<p>The Parishioners had before alleged, in proof<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxviii" id="Page_xxviii">[xxviii]</a></span> +of their title, that they had <em>elected</em> Mr. Littlewood; +and, to uphold this asseveration, had clumsily +altered the parish accompt-book, and inserted +the words "to <em>Lichfield</em> to the <span class="smcap">Bishop</span>," in the +place of the words "to <em>Lincoln</em> to the <span class="smcap">Dean</span>."</p> + +<p>Thus their own evidence was turned against the +Parishioners; and not a moment's doubt remained +but that the patronage rested with the <span class="smcap">Dean</span> <em>of +Lincoln</em>.</p> + +<p>We have related this affair without a strict adherence +to chronological order as to facts, or to +collateral circumstances, for the sake of preserving +the narrative entire, as far as it regards the +contest between the <em>Dean of Lincoln</em> and the +<em>Parish of Brampton</em>; for we believe that this +transaction (uninteresting as it may be to the +publick in general) is one of very few instances +on record which has an exact parallel.</p> + +<p>The intermediate points of the contest, in which +Mr. Pegge was more peculiarly concerned, and +which did not prominently appear to the world, +were interruptions and unpleasant impediments +which arose in the course of this tedious process.</p> + +<p>He had been nominated to the Perpetual Curacy +of Brampton by Dr. <em>Cheyney</em>, Dean of Lincoln; +was at the sole expence of the suit respecting the +right of Patronage, whereby the verdict was given +in favour of the Dean; and he was actually<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxix" id="Page_xxix">[xxix]</a></span> +licensed by the Bishop of Lichfield. In consequence +of this decision and the Bishop's licence, +Mr. Pegge, not suspecting that the contest could +go any farther, attended to qualify at Brampton, +on Sunday, August 28, 1748, in the usual manner; +but was repelled <em>by violence</em> from entering +the Church.</p> + +<p>In this state matters rested regarding the Patronage +of Brampton, when Dr. Cheyney was +unexpectedly transferred from the Deanry of <em>Lincoln</em> +to the Deanry of <em>Winchester</em>, which (we +may observe by the way) he solicited on motives +similar to those which actuated Mr. Pegge at the +very moment; for Dr. Cheyney, being a Native +of Winchester, procured an exchange of his +Deanry of Lincoln with the Rev. Dr. William +George, Provost of Queen's college, Cambridge, +for whom the Deanry of Winchester was intended +by the Minister on the part of the Crown.</p> + +<p>Thus Mr. Pegge's interests and applications +were to begin <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">de novo</i> with the Patron of Brampton; +for, his nomination by Dr. Cheyney, in the +then state of things, was of no validity. He fell, +however, into liberal hands; for his activity in +the proceedings which had hitherto taken place +respecting the living in question had rendered +fresh advocates unnecessary, as it had secured the +unasked favour of Dr. George, who not long afterwards<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxx" id="Page_xxx">[xxx]</a></span> +voluntarily gave him the Rectory of <em>Whittington</em>, +near Chesterfield, in Derbyshire; into +which he was inducted Nov. 11, 1751, and where +he resided for upwards of 44 years without interruption<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a>.</p> + +<p>Though Mr. Pegge had relinquished all farther +pretensions to the living of <em>Brampton</em> before the +cause came to a decision at Derby, yet he gave +every possible assistance at the trial, by the communication +of various documents, as well as by +his personal evidence at the Assize, to support +the claim of the new Nominee, the Rev. John +Bowman, in whose favour the verdict was given, +and who afterwards enjoyed the benefice.</p> + +<p>Here then we take leave of this troublesome +affair, so nefarious and unwarrantable on the part +of the Parishioners of <em>Brampton</em>; and from +which <span class="smcap">Patrons</span> of every description may draw +their own inferences.</p> + +<p>Mr. Pegge's ecclesiastical prospect in Derbyshire +began soon to brighten; and he ere long +obtained the more eligible living of <em>Whittington</em>. +Add to this that, in the course of the dispute<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxi" id="Page_xxxi">[xxxi]</a></span> +concerning the Patronage of Brampton, he became +known to the Hon. and Right Rev. Frederick +(Cornwallis) Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry; +who ever afterwards favoured him not only +with his personal regard, but with his patronage, +which extended even beyond the grave, as will be +mentioned hereafter in the order of time.</p> + +<p>We must now revert to Mr. Pegge's old Friend +Sir Edward Dering, who, at the moment when +Mr. Pegge decidedly took the living of <em>Whittington</em>, +in Derbyshire, began to negotiate with his +Grace of Canterbury (Dr. Herring), the Patron of +<em>Godmersham</em>, for an exchange of that living for +something tenable with Whittington.</p> + +<p>The Archbishop's answer to this application +was highly honourable to Mr. Pegge: "Why," +said his Grace, "will Mr. Pegge leave my Diocese? +If he will continue in Kent, I promise +you, Sir Edward, that I will give him preferment +to his satisfaction<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a>."</p> + +<p>No allurements, however, could prevail; and +Mr. Pegge, at all events, accepted the Rectory of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxii" id="Page_xxxii">[xxxii]</a></span> +<em>Whittington</em>, leaving every other pursuit of the +kind to contingent circumstances. An exchange +was, nevertheless, very soon afterwards effected, +by the interest of Sir Edward with the <em>Duke of +Devonshire</em>, who consented that Mr. Pegge should +take his Grace's Rectory of <em>Brinhill</em><a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> in Lancashire, +then luckily void, the Archbishop at the +same time engaging to present the <em>Duke's</em> Clerk +to <em>Godmersham</em>. Mr. Pegge was accordingly +inducted into the Rectory of <em>Brindle</em>, Nov. 23, +1751, in less than a fortnight after his induction +at <em>Whittington</em><a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a>.</p> + +<p>In addition to this favour from the Family of +<em>Cavendish</em>, Sir Edward Dering obtained for Mr. +Pegge, almost at the same moment, a <em>scarf</em> from +the <em>Marquis of Hartington</em> (afterwards the fourth +Duke of Devonshire), then called up to the +House of Peers, in June 1751, by the title of +Baron <em>Cavendish</em> of <em>Hardwick</em>. Mr. Pegge's +appointment is dated Nov. 18, 1751; and thus, +after all his solicitude, he found himself possessed +of two livings and a dignity, honourably and indulgently +conferred, as well as most desirably +connected, in the same year and in the same +month; though this latter circumstance may be<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxiii" id="Page_xxxiii">[xxxiii]</a></span> +attributed to the voluntary lapse of Whittington<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a>. +After Mr. Pegge had held the Rectory of <em>Brinhill</em> +for a few years, an opportunity offered, by +another obliging acquiescence of the Duke <em>of +Devonshire</em>, to exchange it for the living of +<em>Heath</em> (alias <em>Lown</em>), in his <em>Grace's</em> Patronage, +which lies within seven miles of Whittington: +a very commodious measure, as it brought Mr. +Pegge's parochial preferments within a smaller +distance of each other. He was accordingly inducted +into the Vicarage of <em>Heath</em>, Oct. 22, 1758, +which he held till his death.</p> + +<p>This was the last favour of the kind which Mr. +Pegge <em>individually</em> received from the <span class="smcap">Dukes of +Devonshire</span>; but the Compiler of this little +Memoir regarding his late Father, flatters himself +that it can give no offence to that Noble Family +if he takes the opportunity of testifying a sense of +his own <em>personal</em> obligations to William the fourth +<span class="smcap">Duke of Devonshire</span>, when his Grace was <em>Lord +Chamberlain</em> of his <span class="smcap">Majesty's</span> <em>Household</em>.</p> + +<p>As to Mr. Pegge's other preferments, they shall +only be briefly mentioned in chronological order;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxiv" id="Page_xxxiv">[xxxiv]</a></span> +but with due regard to his obligations. In the +year 1765 he was presented to the Perpetual +Curacy of <em>Wingerworth</em>, about six miles from. +Whittington, by the Honourable and Reverend +James <em>Yorke</em>, then <em>Dean of Lincoln</em>, afterwards +<em>Bishop of Ely</em>, to whom he was but little known +but by name and character. This appendage was +rendered the more acceptable to Mr. Pegge, because +the seat of his very respectable Friend Sir +Henry Hunloke, Bart. is in the parish, from +whom, and all the Family, Mr. Pegge ever +received great civilities.</p> + +<p>We have already observed, that Mr. Pegge became +known, insensibly as it were, to the Honourable +and Right Reverend Frederick (<em>Cornwallis</em>), +Bishop of Lichfield, during the contest respecting +the living of <em>Brampton</em>; from whom he afterwards +received more than one favour, and by +whom another greater instance of regard was intended, +as will be mentioned hereafter.</p> + +<p>Mr. Pegge was first collated by his Lordship to +the Prebend of <em>Bobenhull</em>, in the Church of <em>Lichfield</em>, +in 1757; and was afterwards voluntarily +advanced by him to that of <em>Whittington</em> in 1763, +which he possessed at his death<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxv" id="Page_xxxv">[xxxv]</a></span></p> +<p>In addition to the Stall at Lichfield, Mr. Pegge +enjoyed the Prebend of <em>Louth</em>, in the Cathedral +of <em>Lincoln</em>, to which he had been collated (in +1772) by his old acquaintance, and Fellow-collegian, +the late Right Reverend John <em>Green</em>, +Bishop of that See<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a>.</p> + +<p>This seems to be the proper place to subjoin, +that, towards the close of his life, Mr. Pegge declined +a situation for which, in more early days, +he had the greatest predilection, and had taken +every active and modest measure to obtain—a +<em>Residentiaryship</em> in the Church of <em>Lichfield</em>.</p> + +<p>Mr. Pegge's wishes tended to this point on +laudable, and almost natural motives, as soon as +his interest with the Bishop began to gain strength; +for it would have been a very pleasant interchange, +at that period of life, to have passed a +portion of the year at <em>Lichfield</em>. This expectation, +however, could not be brought forward till +he was too far advanced in age to endure with +tolerable convenience a removal from time to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxvi" id="Page_xxxvi">[xxxvi]</a></span> +time; and therefore, when the offer was realized, +he declined the acceptance.</p> + +<p>The case was literally this: While Mr. Pegge's +elevation in the Church of <em>Lichfield</em> rested solely +upon Bishop (<em>Frederick</em>) Cornwallis, it was secure, +had a vacancy happened: but his Patron +was translated to <em>Canterbury</em> in 1768, and Mr. +Pegge had henceforward little more than personal +knowledge of any of his Grace's Successors at +<em>Lichfield</em>, till the Hon. and Right Reverend +<em>James</em> Cornwallis (the Archbishop's Nephew) +was consecrated Bishop of that See in 1781.</p> + +<p>On this occasion, to restore the balance in favour +of Mr. Pegge, the Archbishop had the kindness +to make an <em>Option</em> of the <em>Residentiaryship</em> +at <em>Lichfield</em>, then possessed by the Rev. Thomas +<em>Seward</em>. It was, nevertheless, several years before +even the tender of this preferment could take +place; as his <em>Grace</em> of <em>Canterbury</em> died in 1783, +while Mr. <em>Seward</em> was living.</p> + +<p><em>Options</em> being personal property, Mr. Pegge's +interest, on the demise of the <em>Archbishop</em>, fell into +the hands of the Hon. Mrs. <em>Cornwallis</em>, his Relict +and Executrix, who fulfilled his <em>Grace's</em> original +intention in the most friendly manner, on the +death of Mr. <em>Seward</em>, in 1790<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxvii" id="Page_xxxvii">[xxxvii]</a></span></p> +<p>The little occasional transactions which primarily +brought Mr. Pegge within the notice of +Bishop (<em>Frederick</em>) Cornwallis at Eccleshall-castle +led his Lordship to indulge him with a +greater share of personal esteem than has often +fallen to the lot of a private Clergyman so remotely +placed from his Diocesan. Mr. Pegge +had attended his Lordship two or three times on +affairs of business, as one of the Parochial Clergy, +after which the Bishop did him the honour to invite +him to make an annual visit at Eccleshall-castle +as an <em>Acquaintance</em>. The compliance with +this overture was not only very flattering, but +highly gratifying, to Mr. Pegge, who consequently +waited upon his Lordship for a fortnight in the +Autumn, during several years, till the Bishop was +translated to the Metropolitical See of <em>Canterbury</em> +in 1768. After this, however, his Grace +did not forget his humble friend, the <em>Rector of</em><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxviii" id="Page_xxxviii">[xxxviii]</a></span> +<em>Whittington</em>, as will be seen; and sometimes +corresponded with him on indifferent matters.</p> + +<p>About the same time that Mr. Pegge paid these +visits at Eccleshall-castle, he adopted an expedient +to change the scene, likewise, by a journey +to London (between Easter and Whitsuntide); +where, for a few years, he was entertained by his +old Friend and Fellow-collegian the Rev. Dr. <em>John +Taylor</em>, F. S. A. Chancellor of Lincoln, &c. (the +learned Editor of Demosthenes and Lysias), then +one of the Residentiaries of St. Paul's.</p> + +<p>After Dr. Taylor's death (1766), the Bishop of +Lincoln, Dr. <em>John Green</em>, another old College-acquaintance, +became Mr. Pegge's London-host +for a few years, till <em>Archbishop Cornwallis</em> began +to reside at Lambeth. This event superseded the +visits to Bishop <em>Green</em>, as Mr. Pegge soon afterwards +received a very friendly invitation from his +<em>Grace</em>; to whom, from that time, he annually +paid his respects at <em>Lambeth-palace</em>, for a month +in the Spring, till the <em>Archbishop's</em> decease, which +took place about Easter 1783.</p> + +<p>All these were delectable visits to a man of +Mr. Pegge's turn of mind, whose conversation was +adapted to every company, and who enjoyed <em>the +world</em> with greater relish from not living in it +every day. The society with which he intermixed, +in such excursions, changed his ideas,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxix" id="Page_xxxix">[xxxix]</a></span> +and relieved him from the <em>tædium</em> of a life of +much reading and retirement; as, in the course +of these journeys, he often had opportunities of +meeting old <em>Friends</em>, and of making new <em>literary +acquaintance</em>.</p> + +<p>On some of these occasions he passed for a +week into <em>Kent</em>, among such of his old Associates +as were then living, till the death of his much-honoured +Friend, and former Parishioner, the +elder <em>Thomas Knight</em>, Esq. of Godmersham, in +1781<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a>. We ought on no account to omit the +mention of some <em>extra-visits</em> which Mr. Pegge +occasionally made to Bishop <em>Green</em>, at <em>Buckden</em>, +to which we are indebted for the Life of that excellent +Prelate <em>Robert Grosseteste</em>, Bishop of +<em>Lincoln</em>;—a work upon which we shall only observe +here, that it is Dr. Pegge's <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">chef-d'œuvre</i>, +and merits from the world much obligation. To +these interviews with Bishop <em>Green</em>, we may also +attribute those ample Collections, which Dr. +Pegge left among his MSS. towards a History of +the <em>Bishops</em> of <em>Lincoln</em>, and of that <em>Cathedral</em> in +general, &c. &c.</p> + +<p>With the decease of Archbishop Cornwallis +(1783), Mr. Pegge's excursions to London terminated.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xl" id="Page_xl">[xl]</a></span> +His old familiar Friends, and principal +acquaintance there, were gathered to their fathers; +and he felt that the lot of a long life had fallen +upon him, having survived not only the <em>first</em>, +but the <em>second</em> class of his numerous distant connexions.</p> + +<p>While on one of these visits at Lambeth, the +late <em>Gustavus Brander</em>, Esq. F. S. A. who entertained +an uncommon partiality for Mr. Pegge, +persuaded him, very much against his inclination, +to sit for a Drawing, from which an octavo <em>Print</em> +of him might be engraved by Basire. The Work +went on so slowly, that the Plate was not finished +till 1785, when Mr. Pegge's current age was 81. +Being a <em>private Print</em>, it was at first only intended +for, and distributed among, the particular Friends +of Mr. Brander and Mr. Pegge. This Print, +however, <em>now</em> carries with it something of a publication; +for a considerable number of the impressions +were dispersed after Mr. <em>Brander</em>'s +death, when his Library, &c. were sold by auction; +and the Print is often found prefixed to +copies of "The Forme of Cury," a work which +will hereafter be specified among Mr. Pegge's +literary labours<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xli" id="Page_xli">[xli]</a></span></p> +<p>The remainder of Mr. Pegge's life after the +year 1783 was, in a great measure, reduced to a +state of quietude; but not without an extensive +correspondence with the world in the line of Antiquarian +researches: for he afterwards contributed +largely to the <cite>Archæologia</cite>, and the Bibliotheca<cite> +Topographica Britannica</cite>, &c. &c. as may +appear to those who will take the trouble to compare +the dates of his Writings, which will hereafter +be enumerated, with the time of which we +are speaking.</p> + +<p>The only periodical variation in life, which attended +Mr. Pegge after the Archbishop's death, +consisted of Summer visits at Eccleshall-castle to +the present Bishop (<em>James</em>) Cornwallis, who (if<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xlii" id="Page_xlii">[xlii]</a></span> +we may be allowed the word) <em>adopted</em> Mr. Pegge +as his guest so long as he was able to undertake +such journeys.</p> + +<p>We have already seen an instance of his Lordship's +kindness in the case of the intended <em>Residentiaryship</em>; +and have, moreover, good reasons +to believe that, had the late <em>Archdeacon</em> of <em>Derby</em> +(Dr. Henry Egerton) died at an earlier stage of +Mr. Pegge's life, he would have succeeded to that +dignity.</p> + +<p>This part of the Memoir ought not to be dismissed +without observing, to the honour of Mr. +Pegge, that, as it was not in his power to make +any individual return (in his life-time) to his +Patrons, the two Bishops of <em>Lichfield</em> of the name +of <em>Cornwallis</em>, for their extended civilities, he +directed, by testamentary instructions, that <i>one +hundred volumes</i> out of his Collection of Books +should be given to the Library of the Cathedral +of <i>Lichfield</i><a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a>.</p> + +<p>During Mr. Pegge's involuntary retreat from +his former associations with the more remote parts +of the Kingdom, he was actively awake to such +objects in which he was implicated nearer home.</p> + +<p>Early in the year 1788 material repairs and +considerable alterations became necessary to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xliii" id="Page_xliii">[xliii]</a></span> +Cathedral of <i>Lichfield</i>. A subscription was accordingly +begun by the Members of the Church, +supported by many Lay-gentlemen of the neighbourhood; +when Mr. Pegge, as a Prebendary, not +only contributed handsomely, but projected, and +drew up, a circular letter, addressed to the Rev. +Charles Hope, M. A. the Minister of All Saints +(the principal) Church in Derby, recommending +the promotion of this public design. The Letter, +being inserted in several Provincial Newspapers, +was so well seconded by Mr. Hope, that it had a +due effect upon the Clergy and Laity of the +Diocese in general; for which Mr. Pegge received +a written acknowledgment of thanks from the +present Bishop of <i>Lichfield</i>, dated May 29, 1788.</p> + +<p>This year (1788), memorable as a Centenary in +the annals of England, was honourable to the +little Parish of <i>Whittington</i>, which accidentally +bore a subordinate <i>local</i> part in the History of the +<i>Revolution;</i> for it was to an inconsiderable public-house +<i>there</i> (still called the <i>Revolution-house</i>) +that the Earl of Devonshire, the Earl of Danby, +the Lord Delamere, and the Hon. John D'Arcy, +were driven for shelter, by a sudden shower of +rain, from the adjoining common (<i>Whittington-Moor</i>), +where they had met by appointment, +disguised as farmers, to concert measures, unobservedly, +for promoting the succession of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xliv" id="Page_xliv">[xliv]</a></span> +King William III. after the abdication of King +James II.<a name="FNanchor_26_26" id="FNanchor_26_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a></p> + +<p>The celebration of this Jubilee, on Nov. 5, +1788, is related at large in the Gentleman's Magazine +of that month<a name="FNanchor_27_27" id="FNanchor_27_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a>; on which day Mr. Pegge +preached a Sermon<a name="FNanchor_28_28" id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a>, apposite to the occasion, +which was printed at the request of the Gentlemen +of the Committee who conducted the ceremonial<a name="FNanchor_29_29" id="FNanchor_29_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_29_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a>, +which proceeded from his Church to Chesterfield +in grand procession.</p> + +<p>In the year 1791 (July 8) Mr. Pegge was +created D. C. L. by the University of <span class="smcap">Oxford</span>, +at the Commemoration. It may be thought a +little extraordinary that he should accept an advanced +Academical Degree so late in life, as he +wanted no such aggrandizement in the Learned +World, or among his usual Associates, and had +<i>voluntarily</i> closed all his expectations of ecclesiastical<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xlv" id="Page_xlv">[xlv]</a></span> +elevation. We are confident that he was +not ambitious of the compliment; for, when it +was first proposed to him, he put a <i>negative</i> upon +it. It must be remembered that this honour was +not conferred on an unknown man (<i>novus homo</i>); +but on a <i>Master of Arts of</i> <span class="smcap">Cambridge</span>, of name +and character, and of acknowledged literary +merit<a name="FNanchor_30_30" id="FNanchor_30_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_30_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a>. Had Mr. Pegge been desirous of the +title of <i>Doctor</i> in earlier life, there can be no +doubt but that he might have obtained the superior +degree of D. D. from Abp. Cornwallis, upon the +bare suggestion, during his familiar and domestic +conversations with his Grace at Lambeth-palace.</p> + +<p>Dr. Pegge's manners were those of a gentleman +of a liberal education, who had seen much of the +world, and had formed them upon the best models +within his observation. Having in his early years +lived in free intercourse with many of the principal +and best-bred Gentry in various parts of Kent; +he ever afterwards preserved the same attentions, +by associating with respectable company, and (as +we have seen) by forming honourable attachments.</p> + +<p>In his avocations from reading and retirement, +few men could relax with more ease and cheerfulness, +or better understood the <i>desipere in loco</i>;—could<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xlvi" id="Page_xlvi">[xlvi]</a></span> +enter occasionally into temperate convivial +mirth with a superior grace, or more interest and +enliven every company by general conversation.</p> + +<p>As he did not mix in business of a public +nature, his better qualities appeared most conspicuously +in private circles; for he possessed an +equanimity which obtained the esteem of his +Friends, and an affability which procured the +respect of his dependents.</p> + +<p>His habits of life were such as became his profession +and station. In his clerical functions he +was exemplarily correct, not entrusting his parochial +duties at <i>Whittington</i> (where he constantly +resided) to another (except to the neighbouring +Clergy during the excursions before-mentioned) +till the failure of his eye-sight rendered +it indispensably necessary; and even <i>that</i> +did not happen till within a few years of his death.</p> + +<p>As a Preacher, his Discourses from the pulpit +were of the didactic and exhortatory kind, appealing +to the understandings rather than to the passions +of his Auditory, by expounding the Holy +Scriptures in a plain, intelligible, and unaffected +manner. His voice was naturally weak, and +suited only to a small Church; so that when he +occasionally appeared before a large Congregation +(as on Visitations, &c.), he was heard to a disadvantage. +He left in his closet considerably more<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xlvii" id="Page_xlvii">[xlvii]</a></span> +than 230 Sermons composed by himself, and in +his own hand-writing, besides a few (not exceeding +26) which he had transcribed (in substance +only, as appears by collation) from the printed +works of eminent Divines. These liberties, however, +were not taken in his early days, from motives +of idleness, or other attachments—but later in life, +to favour the fatigue of composition; all which +obligations he acknowledged at the end of each +such Sermon.</p> + +<p>Though Dr. Pegge's life was sedentary, from +his turn to studious retirement, his love of Antiquities, +and of literary acquirements in general; +yet these applications, which he pursued with, +great ardour and perseverance, did not injure his +health. Vigour of mind, in proportion to his +bodily strength, continued unimpaired through a +very extended course of life, and nearly till he had +reached "<i>ultima linea rerum</i>:" for he never had +any chronical disease; but gradually and gently +sunk into the grave under the weight of years, +after a fortnight's illness, Feb. 14, 1796, in the +92d year of his age.</p> + +<p>He was buried, according to his own desire, in +the chancel at <i>Whittington</i>, where a mural tablet +of black marble (a voluntary tribute of filial respect) +has been placed, over the East window +with the following short inscription:</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xlviii" id="Page_xlviii">[xlviii]</a></span></p> + +<p class="center"> +"At the North End of the Altar Table, within the Rails,<br /> +lie the Remains of<br /> +<span class="smcap">Samuel Pegge</span>, LL. D.<br /> +who was inducted to this Rectory Nov. 11, 1751,<br /> +and died Feb. 14, 1796;<br /> +in the 92d year of his Age." +</p> + +<p>Having closed the scene; it must be confessed, +on the one hand, that the biographical history of +an individual, however learned, or engaging to +private friends, who had passed the major part of +his days in secluded retreats from what is called +<i>the world</i>, can afford but little entertainment to +the generality of Readers. On the other hand, +nevertheless, let it be allowed that every man of +acknowledged literary merit, had he made no +other impression, cannot but have left many to +regret his death.</p> + +<p>Though Dr. Pegge had exceeded even his +"<i>fourscore</i> years and ten," and had outlived all +his more early friends and acquaintance; he had +the address to make new ones, who <i>now</i> survive, +and who, it is humbly hoped, will not be sorry to +see a modest remembrance of him preserved by +this little Memoir.</p> + +<p>Though Dr. Pegge had an early propensity to +the pursuit of <i>Antiquarian</i> knowledge, he never +indulged himself materially in it, so long as more +essential and <i>professional</i> occupations had a claim +upon him; for he had a due sense of the <i>nature</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xlix" id="Page_xlix">[xlix]</a></span> +and <i>importance</i> of his <i>clerical</i> function. It appears +that he had read the Greek and Latin +<i>Fathers</i> diligently at his outset in life. He had +also re-perused the <i>Classicks</i> attentively before he +applied much to the <i>Monkish</i> Historians, or engaged +in <i>Antiquarian</i> researches; well knowing +that a thorough knowledge of the Learning of the +<i>Antients</i>, conveyed by <i>classical</i> Authors, was the +best foundation for any literary structure which +had not the <i>Christian Religion</i> for its <i>cornerstone</i>.</p> + +<p>During the early part of his incumbency at +Godmersham in Kent, his reading was principally +such as became a <i>Divine</i>, or which tended to the +acquisition of <i>general knowledge</i>, of which he +possessed a greater share than most men we ever +knew. When he obtained allowable leisure to +follow <i>unprofessional</i> pursuits, he <i>attached</i> himself +more closely to the study of <i>Antiquities</i>; and +was elected a Fellow of the <span class="smcap">Society</span> of <span class="smcap">Antiquaries</span>, +Feb. 14, 1751, N. S. in which year the +<i>Charter</i> of <i>Incorporation</i> was granted (in November), +wherein his name stands enrolled among +those of many very respectable and eminently +learned men<a name="FNanchor_31_31" id="FNanchor_31_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_31_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_l" id="Page_l">[l]</a></span></p> +<p>Though we will be candid enough to allow that +Dr. Pegge's <i>style</i> in general was not sufficiently +terse and compact to be called elegant; yet he +made ample amends by the matter, and by the +accuracy with which he treated every copious +subject, wherein all points were matured by close +examination and sound judgment<a name="FNanchor_32_32" id="FNanchor_32_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_32_32" class="fnanchor">[32]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_li" id="Page_li">[li]</a><br /><a name="Page_lii" id="Page_lii">[lii]</a></span></p> +<p>and a fund of knowledge, more than would have +displayed itself in any greater work, where the +subject requires but <i>one</i> bias, and <i>one</i> peculiar attention<a name="FNanchor_33_33" id="FNanchor_33_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_33_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a>.</p> + +<p>It is but justice to say, that few men were so +liberal in the diffusion of the knowledge which he +had acquired, or more ready to communicate it, +either <i>vivâ voce</i>, or by the loan of his MSS. as +many of his living Friends can testify.</p> + +<p>In his publications he was also equally <i>disinterested</i> +as in his private communications; for he +never, as far as can be recollected, received any +<i>pecuniary</i> advantage from any pieces that he +printed, committing them all to the press, with +the sole reserve of a few copies to distribute +among his particular Friends<a name="FNanchor_34_34" id="FNanchor_34_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_34_34" class="fnanchor">[34]</a>. +—No. III. 1766. "An +Essay on the Coins of Cunobelin; in an Epistle to the Right +Rev. Bishop of Carlisle [Charles Lyttelton], President of the +Society of Antiquaries." [105 pages, 4to.] [This collection +of coins is classed in two plates, and illustrated by a Commentary, +together with observations on the word <i>tascia</i>. +N. B. The impression consisted of no more than 200 copies.]—No. +IV. 1772. "An Assemblage of Coins fabricated by +Authority of the Archbishops of Canterbury. To which are +subjoined, Two Dissertations." [125 pages, 4to.] 1. On a +fine Coin of Alfred the Great, with his Head. 2. On an Unic, +in the Possession of the late Mr. Thoresby, supposed to be a +Coin of St. Edwin; but shewn to be a Penny of Edward the +Confessor. [An Essay is annexed on the origin of metropolitical +and other subordinate mints; with an Account of +their Progress and final Determination: together with other +incidental Matters, tending to throw light on a branch of the +Science of Medals, not perfectly considered by English Medalists.]—No. +V. 1772. "Fitz-Stephen's Description of the +City of London, newly translated from the Latin Original, +with a necessary Commentary, and a Dissertation on the Author, +ascertaining the exact Year of the Production; to which +are added, a correct Edition of the Original, with the various +Readings, and many Annotations." [81 pages, 4to.] [This +publication (well known <i>now</i> to have been one of the works +of Dr. Pegge) was, as we believe, brought forward at the instance +of the Hon. Daines Barrington, to whom it is inscribed. +The number of copies printed was 250.]—No. VI. 1780. +"The Forme of Cury. A Roll of antient English Cookery, +compiled about the Year 1390, Temp. Ric. II. with a copious +Index and Glossary." [8vo.] [The curious Roll, of +which this is a copy, was the property of the late Gustavus +Brander, esq. It is in the hand-writing of the time, a facsimile +of which is given facing p. xxxi. of the Preface. +The work before us was a <i>private</i> impression; but as, since +Mr. Brander's decease, it has fallen, by sale, into a great +many hands, we refer to the Preface for a farther account of +it. Soon after Dr. Pegge's elucidation of the Roll was finished, +Mr. Brander presented the autograph to the British Museum.]—No. +VII. 1789. "Annales Eliæ de Trickenham, Monachi +Ordinis Benedictini. Ex Bibliothecâ Lamethanâ." To which +is added, "Compendium Compertorum. Ex Bibliothecâ +Ducis Devoniæ." [4to.] [Both parts of this publication contain +copious annotations by the Editor. The former was communicated +by Mr. John Nichols, Printer, to whom it is <i>inscribed</i>. +The latter was published by permission of his Grace +the Duke of Devonshire, to whom it is <i>dedicated</i>. The respective +Prefaces to these pieces will best explain the nature of +them.]—No. VIII. 1793. "The Life of Robert Grosseteste, the +celebrated Bishop of Lincoln." [4to.] [This Work we have +justly called his <i>chef-d'œuvre</i>; for, in addition to the life of an +individual, it comprises much important history of interesting +times, together with abundant collateral matter.]—The two +following works have appeared since the Writer's death: +No. IX. 1801. "An Historical Account of Beauchief Abbey, +in the County of Derby, from its first Foundation to its final +Dissolution. Wherein the three following material Points, in +opposition to vulgar Prejudices, are clearly established: +1st, That this Abbey did not take its name from the Head of +Archbishop Becket, though it was dedicated to him. 2d, That +the Founder of it had no hand in the Murder of that Prelate; +and, consequently, that the House was not erected in Expiation +of that Crime. 3d, The Dependance of this House +on that of Welbeck, in the County of Nottingham; a Matter +hitherto unknown." [4to.]—No. X. 1809. "<i>Anonymiana</i>; or, +Ten Centuries of Observations on various Authors and Subjects. +Compiled by a late very learned and reverend Divine; +and faithfully published from the original MS. with the Addition +of a copious Index." [8vo.]]</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_liii" id="Page_liii">[liii]</a></span></p> + +<p>In the following Catalogue we must be allowed +to deviate from chronological order, for the sake<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_liv" id="Page_liv">[liv]</a></span> +of preserving Dr. Pegge's <i>contributions</i> to various +<i>periodical</i> and <i>contingent</i> Publications, distinct +from his independent <span class="smcap">Works</span>; to all which,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lv" id="Page_lv">[lv]</a></span> +however, we shall give (as far as possible) their +respective dates.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lvi" id="Page_lvi">[lvi]</a></span></p> + +<p>The greatest honour, which a literary man can +obtain, is the <i>eulogies</i> of those who possessed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lvii" id="Page_lvii">[lvii]</a></span> +equal or more learning than himself. "<i>Laudatus à +laudatis viris</i>" may peculiarly and deservedly be said +of Dr. Pegge, as might be exemplified from the frequent<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lviii" id="Page_lviii">[lviii]</a></span> +mention made of him by the most respectable +contemporary writers in the <i>Archæological</i> +line; but modesty forbids our enumerating them.</p> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 600px;"><a name="church" id="church"></a> +<img src="images/church.jpg" width="600" height="353" alt="church" /> +<div class="caption"><p class="center"><span class="smcap">Whittington Church, Derbyshire.</span> +</p> + +<p class="right"><i>Gent. Mag. Supp. 1809. Pl. II, p. 1201.</i></p> +<p><i>Schnebbelie del. 1789.</i> +</p> +</div> +</div> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lix" id="Page_lix">[lix]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>APPENDIX TO THE PARENTALIA.</h2> + + +<h3>1. <span class="smcap">Whittington Church.</span></h3> + + +<p>The annexed View was taken in 1789, by the ingenious +Mr. Jacob Schnebbelie; and the following concise +account of it was communicated in 1793, by the +then worthy and venerable Rector.</p> + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Whittington</span>, of whose Church the annexed +Plate contains a Drawing by the late Mr. Schnebbelie, +is a small parish of about 14 or 15 hundred acres, distant +from the church and old market-place of Chesterfield +about two miles and a half. It lies in the road +from Chesterfield to Sheffield and Rotherham, whose +roads divide there at the well-known inn <i>The Cock +and Magpye</i>, commonly called <i>The Revolution House</i>.</p> + +<p>The situation is exceedingly pleasant, in a pure and +excellent air. It abounds with all kinds of conveniences +for the use of the inhabitants, as coal, stone, +timber, &c.; besides its proximity to a good market, to +take its products.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lx" id="Page_lx">[lx]</a></span></p> + +<p>The Church is now a little Rectory, in the gift of +the Dean of Lincoln. At first it was a Chapel of Ease +to Chesterfield, a very large manor and parish; of +which I will give the following short but convincing +proof. The Dean of Lincoln, as I said, is Patron of +this Rectory, and yet William Rufus gave no other +church in this part of Derbyshire to the church of St. +Mary at Lincoln but the church of Chesterfield; and, +moreover, Whittington is at this day a parcel of the +great and extensive manor of Chesterfield; whence +it follows, that Whittington must have been once a +part both of the rectory and manor of Chesterfield. +But whence comes it, you will say, that it became a +rectory, for such it has been many years? I answer, +I neither know how nor when; but it is certain that +chapels of ease have been frequently converted into +rectories, and I suppose by mutual agreement of the +curate of the chapel, the rector of the mother church, +and the diocesan. Instances of the like emancipation +of chapels, and transforming them into independent +rectories, there are several in the county of Derby, as +Matlock, Bonteshall, Bradley, &c.; and others may be +found in Mr. Nichols's "History of Hinckley," and in +his "Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica," No. VI.</p> + +<p><i>Fig.</i> 1 is an inscription on the <i>Ting-tang</i>, or Saints +Bell, of Whittington Church, drawn by Mr. Schnebbelie, +27 July, 1789, from an impression taken in clay. +This bell, which is seen in the annexed view, hangs +within a stone frame, or tabernacle, at the top of the +church, on the outside between the Nave and the +Chancel. It has a remarkable fine shrill tone, and is +heard, it is said, three or four miles off, if the wind be +right. It is very antient, as appears both from the +form of the letters, and the name (of the donor, I suppose), +which is that in use before surnames were common. +Perhaps it may be as old as the fabrick of the +church itself, though this is very antient.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxi" id="Page_lxi">[lxi]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Fig.</i> 2 is a stone head, near the roof on the North +side of the church.</p> + +<p>In the East window of the church is a small Female +Saint.</p> + +<p>In this window, A. a fess Vaire G. and O. between +three water-bougets Sable. <i>Dethick.</i></p> + +<p>Cheque A. and G. on a bend S. a martlet. <i>Beckering.</i></p> + +<p>At the bottom of this window an inscription,</p> + +<p class="center oldenglish"> +Rogero Cric. +</p> + +<p>Roger Criche was rector, and died 1413, and probably +made the window. He is buried within the rails +of the communion-table, and his slab is engraved in +the second volume of Mr. Gough's "Sepulchral Monuments +of Great Britain," Plate XIX. p. 37. Nothing +remains of the inscription but <span class="oldenglish">Amen</span>.</p> + +<p>In the upper part of the South window of the Chancel, +is a picture in glass of our Saviour with the five +Wounds; an angel at his left hand sounding a trumpet<a name="FNanchor_35_35" id="FNanchor_35_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a>.—On +a pane of the upper tier of the West window +is the portrait of St. John; his right hand holding +a book with the Holy Lamb upon it: and the forefinger +of his left hand pointing to the Cross held by +the Lamb, as uttering his well-known confession: +"Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the +sin of the world<a href="#Footnote_35_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a>."</p> + +<p>In the South window of the Chancel is, Barry wavy +of 6 A. and G. a chief A. Ermine and Gules. <em>Barley.</em></p> + +<p>Ermine, on a chief indented G. or lozengé.</p> + +<p>In the Easternmost South window of the nave is A. +on a chevron Sable, three quatrefoils Argent. <em>Eyre.</em></p> + +<p>This window has been renewed; before which there +were other coats and some effigies in it.</p> + +<p> +<em>Jan. 1, 1793.</em></p> + +<p class="sig"><span class="smcap">Samuel Pegge</span>, Rector." +</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxii" id="Page_lxii">[lxii]</a></span></p> + + +<h3><br />2. <span class="smcap">Whittington Rectory.</span></h3> + +<p>This View was taken also, in 1789, by Mr. Schnebbelie; +and the account of it drawn up in 1793 by Dr. +Pegge, then resident in it, at the advanced age of 88.</p> + +<p>"The Parsonage-house at Whittington is a convenient +substantial stone building, and very sufficient +for this small benefice. It was, as I take it, erected +by the Rev. Thomas Callice, one of my predecessors; +and, when I had been inducted, I enlarged it, by pulling +down the West end, making a cellar, a kitchen, a +brew-house, and a pantry, with chambers over them. +There is a glebe of about 30 acres belonging to it +with a garden large enough for a family, and a small +orchard. The garden is remarkably pleasant in respect +to its fine views to the North, East, and South, +with the Church to the West. There is a fair prospect +of Chesterfield Church, distant about two miles +and a half; and of Bolsover Castle to the West; and, +on the whole, this Rectorial house may be esteemed a +very delightful habitation.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<span class="smcap">S. Pegge.</span>" +</p> + +<p>In this Parsonage the Editor of the present Volume, +accompanied by his late excellent Friend Mr. Gough, +spent many happy hours with the worthy Rector for +several successive years, and derived equal information +and pleasure from his instructive conversation.</p> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 600px;"><a name="rectory" id="rectory"></a> +<img src="images/rectory.jpg" width="600" height="357" alt="rectory" /> +<div class="caption"><p class="center"><span class="smcap">Whittington Rectory.</span></p> + +<p class="right"><cite>Gent. Mag. Sep. 1810. Pl. II, p. 217.</cite></p> + +<p><em>Schnebbelie del.</em></p></div> +</div> + + +<h3>3. <span class="smcap">The Revolution House.</span></h3> + +<p>To complete the little series of Views at Whittington +more immediately connected with Dr. Pegge, a +third plate is here given, from another Drawing by +Mr. Schnebbelie, of the small public-house at Whittington, +which has been handed down to posterity for +above a century under the honourable appellation of +"The Revolution House." It obtained that name +from the accidental meeting of two noble personages, +Thomas Osborne Earl of Danby, and William Cavendish +Earl of Devonshire, with a third person, Mr. John<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxiii" id="Page_lxiii">[lxiii]</a></span> +D'Arcy<a name="FNanchor_36_36" id="FNanchor_36_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_36_36" class="fnanchor">[36]</a>, privately one morning, 1688, upon Whittington, +Moor, as a middle place between Chatsworth, +Kniveton, and Aston, their respective residences, to +consult about the Revolution, then in agitation<a name="FNanchor_37_37" id="FNanchor_37_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_37_37" class="fnanchor">[37]</a>; but a +shower of rain happening to fall, they removed to the +village for shelter, and finished their conversation at a +public-house there, the sign of <em>The Cock and Pynot</em><a name="FNanchor_38_38" id="FNanchor_38_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_38_38" class="fnanchor">[38]</a>.</p> + +<p>The part assigned to the Earl of Danby was, to surprize +York; in which he succeeded: after which, the +Earl of Devonshire was to take measures at Nottingham, +where the Declaration for a free Parliament, +which he, at the head of a number of Gentlemen of +Derbyshire, had signed Nov. 28, 1688<a name="FNanchor_39_39" id="FNanchor_39_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_39_39" class="fnanchor">[39]</a>, was adopted +by the Nobility, Gentry, and Commonalty of the Northern +Counties, assembled there for the defence of the +Laws, Religion, and Properties<a name="FNanchor_40_40" id="FNanchor_40_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_40_40" class="fnanchor">[40]</a>.</p> + +<p>The success of these measures is well known; and +to the concurrence of these Patriots with the proceedings +in favour of the Prince of Orange in the West, is +this Nation indebted for the establishment of her +rights and liberties at the glorious Revolution.</p> + +<p>The cottage here represented stands at the point +where the road from Chesterfield divides into two +branches, to Sheffield and Rotherham. The room +where the Noblemen sat is 15 feet by 12 feet 10, and +is to this day called <em>The Plotting Parlour</em>. The old +armed chair, still remaining in it, is shewn by the +landlord with particular satisfaction, as that in which +it is said the Earl of Devonshire sat; and he tells with +equal pleasure, how it was visited by his descendants, +and the descendants of his associates, in the year +1788. Some new rooms, for the better accommodation +of customers, were added about 20 years ago.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxiv" id="Page_lxiv">[lxiv]</a></span></p> + +<blockquote> + +<p class="hanging">The Duke of <span class="smcap">Leeds</span>' own account of his meeting +the Earl of <span class="smcap">Devonshire</span> and Mr. <span class="smcap">John +D'Arcy</span><a name="FNanchor_41_41" id="FNanchor_41_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_41_41" class="fnanchor">[41]</a> at Whittington, in the County of +Derby, A. D. 1688.</p></blockquote> + +<p>The Earl of Derby, afterwards Duke of Leeds, was +impeached, A.D. 1678, of High Treason by the House +of Commons, on a charge of being in the French interest, +and, in particular, of being Popishly affected: +many, both Peers and Commoners, were misled, and +had conceived an erroneous opinion concerning him +and his political conduct. This he has stated himself, +in the Introduction to his Letters, printed A. 1710, +where he says, "That the malice of my accusation +did so manifestly appear in that article wherein I was +charged to be Popishly affected, that I dare swear +there was not one of my accusers that did then believe +that article against me."</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p>His Grace then proceeds, for the further clearing of +himself, in these memorable words, relative to the +meeting at Whittington, the subject of this memoir.</p> + +<p>"The Duke of Devonshire also, when we were +partners in the secret trust about the Revolution, and +who did meet me and Mr. John D'Arcy, for that purpose, +at a town called Whittington, in Derbyshire, +did, in the presence of the said Mr. D'Arcy, make a +voluntary acknowledgment of the great mistakes he +had been led into about me; and said, that both he, +and most others, were entirely convinced of their +error. And he came to Sir Henry Goodrick's house in +Yorkshire purposely to meet me there again, in order +to concert the times and methods by which he should +act at Nottingham (which was to be his post), and one +at York (which was to be mine); and we agreed, that +I should first attempt to surprize York, because there +was a small garrison with a Governor there; whereas<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxv" id="Page_lxv">[lxv]</a></span> +Nottingham was but an open town, and might give an +alarm to York, if he should appear in arms before I had +made my attempt upon York; which was done accordingly<a name="FNanchor_42_42" id="FNanchor_42_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_42_42" class="fnanchor">[42]</a>; +but is mistaken in divers relations of it. +And I am confident that Duke (had he been now +alive) would have thanked nobody for putting his prosecution +of me amongst the glorious actions of his +life."</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<blockquote> + +<p class="hanging">Celebration of the <span class="smcap">Revolution Jubilee</span>, at Whittington +and Chesterfield, on the 4th and 5th of +November, 1788.</p></blockquote> + +<p>On Tuesday the 4th instant, the Committee appointed +to conduct the Jubilee had a previous meeting, +and dined together at the Revolution House in Whittington. +His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, Lord +Stamford, Lord George and Lord John Cavendish, +with several neighbouring Gentlemen, were present. +After dinner a subscription was opened for the erecting +of a Monumental Column, in Commemoration of the +Glorious Revolution, on that spot where the Earls of +Devonshire and Danby, Lord Delamere, and Mr. John +D'Arcy, met to concert measures which were eminently +instrumental in rescuing the Liberties of their Country +from perdition. As this Monument is intended to be +not less a mark of public Gratitude, than the memorial +of an important event; it was requested, that the present +Representatives of the above-mentioned families +would excuse their not being permitted to join in the +expence.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxvi" id="Page_lxvi">[lxvi]</a></span></p> + +<p>On the 5th, at eleven in the morning, the commemoration +commenced with divine service at Whittington +Church. The Rev. Mr. Pegge, the Rector of the +Parish, delivered an excellent Sermon from the words +"This is the day, &c." Though of a great age, having +that very morning entered his 85th year, he spoke +with a spirit which seemed to be derived from the occasion, +his sentiments were pertinent, well arranged, +and his expression animated.</p> + +<p>The descendants of the illustrious houses of Cavendish, +Osborne, Boothe, and Darcy (for the venerable +Duke of Leeds, whose age would not allow him +to attend, had sent his two grandsons, in whom the +blood of Osborne and D'Arcy is united); a numerous +and powerful gentry; a wealthy and respectable yeomanry; +a hardy, yet decent and attentive peasantry; +whose intelligent countenances shewed that they understood, +and would be firm to preserve that blessing, +for which they were assembled to return thanks to Almighty +God, presented a truly solemn spectacle, and +to the eye of a philosopher the most interesting that +can be imagined.</p> + +<p>After service the company went in succession to +view the old house, and the room called by the Anti-revolutionists +"The Plotting-Parlour," with the old +armed-chair in which the Earl of Devonshire is said +to have sitten, and every one was then pleased to partake +of a very elegant cold collation, which was prepared +in the new rooms annexed to the cottage. Some +time being spent in this, the procession began:</p> + +<p>Constables with long staves, two and two.</p> + +<p>The Eight Clubs, four and four; <em>viz</em>.</p> + +<blockquote> + +<p class="hanging">1. Mr. Deakin's: Flag, blue, with orange fringe, on it +the figure of Liberty, the motto, "The Protestant +Religion, and the Liberties of England, we will +maintain."</p> + +<p class="hanging">2. Mr. Bluett's: Flag, blue, fringed with orange, +motto, "Libertas; quæ sera, tamen respexit inertem."<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxvii" id="Page_lxvii">[lxvii]</a></span> +Underneath the figure of Liberty crowning +Britannia with a wreath of laurels, who is represented +sitting on a Lion, at her feet the Cornucopiæ +of Plenty; at the top next the pole, a Castle, emblematical +of the house where the club is kept; on +the lower side of the flag Liberty holding a Cap and +resting on the Cavendish arms.</p> + +<p class="hanging">3. Mr. Ostliff's: Flag, broad blue and orange stripe, +with orange fringe; in the middle the Cavendish +arms; motto as No. 1.</p> + +<p class="hanging">4. Mrs. Barber's: Flag, garter blue and orange quarter'd, +with white fringe, mottoes, "Liberty secured." +"The Glorious Revolution 1688."</p> + +<p class="hanging">5. Mr. Valentine Wilkinson's: Flag, blue with orange +fringe, in the middle the figure of Liberty; motto +as No. 1.</p> + +<p class="hanging">6. Mr. Stubbs: Flag, blue with orange fringe, motto, +"Liberty, Property, Trade, Manufactures;" at the +top a head of King William crowned with laurel, in +the middle in a large oval, "Revolution 1688." +On one side the Cap of Liberty, on the other the +figure of Britannia; on the opposite side the flag of +the Devonshire arms.</p> + +<p class="hanging">Mrs. Ollerenshaw's: Flag, blue with orange fringe; +motto as No. 1. on both sides.</p> + +<p class="hanging">Mr. Marsingale's: Flag, blue with orange fringe; at +the top the motto, "In Memory of the Glorious +Assertors of British Freedom 1688," beneath, the +figure of Liberty leaning on a shield, on which is inscribed, +"Revolted from Tyranny at <span class="smcap">Whittington</span> +1688;" and having in her hand a scroll with the +words "Bill of Rights" underneath a head of King +William the Third; on the other side the flag, the +motto, "The Glorious Revolter from Tyranny +1688" underneath the Devonshire arms; at the +bottom the following inscription, "<span class="smcap">Willielmus +Dux Devon</span>. Bonorum Principum Fidelis Subditus; +Inimicus et Invisus Tyrannis."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxviii" id="Page_lxviii">[lxviii]</a></span></p> + +<p class="hanging"> +The Members of the Clubs were estimated 2000<br /> +persons, each having a white wand in his hand<br /> +with blue and orange tops and favours, with<br /> +the <span class="smcap">Revolution</span> stamped upon them.</p></blockquote> + +<p class="center"> +The Derbyshire militia's band of music.</p> + + +<p class="center"> +The Corporation of Chesterfield in their formalities,<br /> +who joined the procession on entering the town.<br /> +<br /> +The Duke of Devonshire in his coach and six.<br /> +<br /> +Attendants on horseback with four led horses.<br /> +<br /> +The Earl of Stamford in his post chaise and four.<br /> +<br /> +Attendants on horseback.<br /> +<br /> +The Earl of Danby and Lord Francis Osborne in their<br /> +post-chaise and four.<br /> +<br /> +Attendants on horseback.<br /> +<br /> +Lord George Cavendish in his post-chaise and four.<br /> +<br /> +Attendants on horseback.<br /> +<br /> +Lord John Cavendish in his post-chaise and four.<br /> +<br /> +Attendants on horseback.<br /> +<br /> +Sir Francis Molyneux and Sir Henry Hunloke, Barts.<br /> +in Sir Henry's coach and six.<br /> +<br /> +Attendants on horseback.<br /> +<br /> +And upwards of forty other carriages of the neighbouring<br /> +gentry, with their attendants.<br /> +<br /> +Gentlemen on horseback, three and three.<br /> +<br /> +Servants on horseback, ditto.<br /> +</p> + +<p>The procession in the town of Chesterfield went +along Holywell-Street, Saltergate, Glumangate, then +to the left along the upper side of the Market-place +to Mr. Wilkinson's house, down the street past the +Mayor's house, along the lower side of the Market-place +to the end of the West Barrs, from thence past +Dr. Milnes's house to the Castle, where the Derbyshire +band of music formed in the centre and played +"<em>Rule Britannia</em>," "<em>God save the King, &c.</em>" the +Clubs and Corporation still proceeding in the same +order to the Mayor's and then dispersed.</p> + +<div class="figcenter bord" style="width: 600px;"><a name="house" id="house"></a> +<img src="images/revolution.jpg" width="600" height="369" alt="Revolution" /> +<div class="caption"><p class="center"><span class="smcap">Revolution</span> House at <span class="smcap">Whittington.</span></p> + +<p class="right"><cite>Gent. Mag. Suppl. to Vol. LXXX. Part II, p. 609.</cite></p> + +<p><em>Schnebbelie del.</em></p></div> +</div> + +<p>The whole was conducted with order and regularity, +for notwithstanding there were fifty carriages, 400<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxix" id="Page_lxix">[lxix]</a></span> +gentlemen on horseback, and an astonishing throng of +spectators, not an accident happened. All was joy +and gladness, without a single burst of unruly tumult +and uproar. The approving eye of Heaven shed its +auspicious beams, and blessed this happy day with +more than common splendour.</p> + +<p>The company was so numerous as scarcely to be +accommodated at the three principal inns. It would +be a piece of injustice not to mention the dinner at the +Castle, which was served in a style of unusual elegance.</p> + +<p>The following toasts were afterwards given:</p> +<blockquote> +<p class="noind"> +1. <span class="smcap">The King.</span><br /> +2. The glorious and immortal Memory of King William the IIId.<br /> +3. The Memory of the Glorious Revolution.<br /> +4. The Memory of those Friends to their Country, who, at the risk of their lives and fortunes, were instrumental in effecting the Glorious Revolution in 1688.<br /> +5. The Law of the Land.<br /> +6. The <span class="smcap">Prince</span> of <span class="smcap">Wales</span>.<br /> +7. The <span class="smcap">Queen</span>, and the rest of the Royal Family.<br /> +8. Prosperity to the British Empire.<br /> +9. The Duke of Leeds, and prosperity to the House of Osborne.<br /> +10. The Duke of Devonshire, and prosperity to the House of Cavendish.<br /> +11. The Earl of Stamford, and prosperity to the united House of Boothe and Grey.<br /> +12. The Earl of Danby, and prosperity to the united House of Osborne and Darcy.<br /> +13. All the Friends of the Revolution met this year to commemorate that glorious Event.<br /> +14. The Dke of Portland.<br /> +15. Prosperity to the County of Derby.<br /> +16. The Members for the County.<br /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxx" id="Page_lxx">[lxx]</a></span>17. The Members for the Borough of Derby.<br /> +18. The Duchess of Devonshire, &c.<br /> +</p></blockquote> + +<p>In the evening a brilliant exhibition of fireworks +was played off, under the direction of Signor Pietro; +during which the populace were regaled with a proper +distribution of liquor. The day concluded with a ball, +at which were present near 300 gentlemen and ladies; +amongst whom were many persons of distinction. The +Duchess of Devonshire, surrounded by the bloom of +the Derbyshire hills, is a picture not to be pourtrayed. +Near 250 ball-tickets were received at the door.</p> + +<p>The warm expression of gratitude and affection +sparkling in every eye, must have excited in the +breasts of those noble personages, whose ancestors +were the source of this felicity, a sensation which Monarchs +in all their glory might envy. The utmost harmony +and felicity prevailed throughout the whole +meeting. An hogshead of ale was given to the populace +at Whittington, and three hogsheads at Chesterfield; +where the Duke of Devonshire gave also three +guineas to each of the eight clubs.</p> + +<p>It was not the least pleasing circumstance attending +this meeting, that all party distinctions were forgotten. +Persons of all ranks and denominations wore orange +and blue, in memory of our glorious Deliverer; And +the most respectable Roman Catholic families, satisfied +with the mild toleration of government in the +exercise of their Religion, vied in their endeavours to +shew how just a sense they had of the value of <span class="smcap">Civil +Liberty</span>.</p> + + +<p class="center">Letter from the Rev. P. <span class="smcap">Cunningham</span> to Mr. <span class="smcap">Pegge</span>.</p> + +<blockquote> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>Eyam, near Tideswal,<br /> +Nov. 2, 1788.</em></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Rev. and dear Sir</span>, +</p> + +<p>You will please to accept of the inclosed Stanzas, +and the Ode for the Jubilee, as a little testimony of +the Author's respectful remembrance of regard; and +of his congratulations, that it has pleased Divine Providence +to prolong your days, to take a distinguished<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxi" id="Page_lxxi">[lxxi]</a></span> +part in the happy commemoration of the approaching +Fifth of November.</p> + +<p>Having accidentally heard yesterday the Text you +proposed for your Discourse on Wednesday, I thought +the adoption of it, as an additional truth to the one I +had chosen, would be regarded as an additional token +of implied respect. In that light I flatter myself you +will consider it.</p> + +<p>I shall be happy if these poetic effusions should be +considered by you as a proof of the sincere respect +and esteem with which I subscribe myself,</p> + +<p> +Dear Sir, your faithful humble servant,</p> +<p class="sig"> +<span class="smcap">P. Cunningham</span>. +</p></blockquote> + + +<blockquote> + +<p class="hanging">Stanzas, by the Rev. P. <em>Cunningham</em>, occasioned +by the Revolution Jubilee, at Whittington and +Chesterfield, Nov. 5, 1788. Inscribed to the +Rev. <span class="smcap">Samuel Pegge</span>, Rector of Whittington.</p></blockquote> + +<blockquote> + +<p>"This is the day which the Lord hath made; we will rejoice +and be glad in it." Psalms.</p></blockquote> + +<blockquote> + +<p class="center">"Esto perpetua!" <em>F. P. Sarpi da Venez.</em></p></blockquote> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Round the starr'd Zodiack, now the golden Sun<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Eventful Time a Century hath led;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Since Freedom, with her choicest wreath, begun<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Smiling, to grace her long-loved Nation's head.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Welcome again, the fair auspicious Morn!<br /></span> +<span class="i2">To Freedom, first and fairest of the year;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When from her ashes, like a Phœnix born,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Reviving Britain rose in Glory's sphere.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">When, starting from their mournful death-like trance,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Her venerable Laws their fasces rais'd.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Her stern-eyed Champions grasp'd th' avenging lance,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And pure Religion's trembling altars blaz'd.<br /></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxii" id="Page_lxxii">[lxxii]</a></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">For then, from Belgia, through the billowy storm,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And, heaven-directed in an happy hour,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Britain's good Genius, bearing <span class="smcap">William's</span> form,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Broke the dire Sceptre of Despotic Power.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Ev'n now, to Fancy's retrospective eyes,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Fix'd on the triumphs of his Patriot-Reign;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Majestic seems the Hero's shade to rise,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">With Commerce, Wealth, and Empire, in his train.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Undimm'd his<a name="FNanchor_43_43" id="FNanchor_43_43"></a><a href="#Footnote_43_43" class="fnanchor">[43]</a> Eagle-eye, serene his air,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Of Soul heroic, as in Fields of Death;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">See! Britain's Weal employs his latest care,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Her Liberty and Laws his latest breath.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Visions of Glory! crouding on his sight,"<br /></span> +<span class="i2">With your still-growing lustre gild the day,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When Britons, worthy of their Sires, unite<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Their Orisons at Freedom's Shrine to pay.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">To eternize the delegated hand,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">That seal'd their great forefathers' fields their own;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Rais'd ev'ry art that decks a smiling land,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And Laws that guard the Cottage as the Throne.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">That to the free, unconquerable mind<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Secur'd the sacred Rights of Conscience, given<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To Man, when tender Mercy first design'd<br /></span> +<span class="i2">To raise the Citizen of Earth to Heaven.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">And hark! the solemn Pæans grateful rise<br /></span> +<span class="i2">From rural Whittington's o'erflowing fane;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And, with the heart's pure incense to the skies,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Its venerable Shepherd's<a name="FNanchor_44_44" id="FNanchor_44_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_44_44" class="fnanchor">[44]</a> hallow'd strain.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">See! pointing to the memorable scene,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">He bids that Heath<a name="FNanchor_45_45" id="FNanchor_45_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_45_45" class="fnanchor">[45]</a> to latest times be known,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Whence her three Champions<a name="FNanchor_46_46" id="FNanchor_46_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_46_46" class="fnanchor">[46]</a>, Freedom, heaven-born Queen,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Led with fresh glories to the British Throne.<br /></span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxiii" id="Page_lxxiii">[lxxiii]</a></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Oh, Friend! upon whose natal morn<a name="FNanchor_47_47" id="FNanchor_47_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_47_47" class="fnanchor">[47]</a> 'tis given,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">When seventeen Lustres mark thy letter'd days,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To lead the Hymn of Gratitude to Heav'n,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And blend the Christian's with the Briton's praise.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Like hoary Sarpis<a name="FNanchor_48_48" id="FNanchor_48_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_48_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a>, patriot Sage, thy pray'r<br /></span> +<span class="i2">With Life shall close in <em>his</em> emphatic Strain;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">"As on <em>this</em> day, may Freedom, ever fair,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">In Britain flourish, and for ever reign!"<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p> +<em>Eyam, Derbyshire.</em></p> + +<p class="sig">P. C. +</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="center">Ode for the Revolution Jubilee, 1788.</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">When lawless Power his iron hand,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When blinded Zeal her flaming brand<br /></span> +<span class="i2">O'er Albion's Island wav'd;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Indignant freedom veil'd the sight;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Eclips'd her Son of Glory's light;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Her fav'rite Realm enslav'd.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Distrest she wander'd:—when afar<br /></span> +<span class="i0">She saw her <span class="smcap">Nassau's</span> friendly star<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Stream through the stormy air:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">She call'd around a Patriot Band;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">She bade them save a sinking land;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And deathless glory share.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Her cause their dauntless hearts inspir'd,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With ancient Roman virtue fir'd;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">They plough'd the surging main;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With fav'ring gales from Belgia's shore<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Her heaven-directed Hero bore,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And Freedom crown'd his Reign.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">With equal warmth her spirit glows,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Though hoary Time's centennial snows<br /></span> +<span class="i2">New silver o'er her fame.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For hark, what songs of triumph tell,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Still grateful Britons love to dwell,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">On <span class="smcap">William's</span> glorious name.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<hr class="chap" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxiv" id="Page_lxxiv">[lxxiv]</a></span></p> + +<h2>EXTRACTS FROM +LETTERS TO MR. GOUGH.</h2> + +<blockquote> + +<p> +<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>,</p> + +<p class="sig"><em>Whittington, Oct. 11, 1788.</em> +</p> + +<p>We are to have most grand doings at this place, 5th +of November next, at the <em>Revolution House</em>, which I +believe you saw when you was here. The Resolutions +of the Committee were ordered to be inserted in the +London prints<a name="FNanchor_49_49" id="FNanchor_49_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_49_49" class="fnanchor">[49]</a>; so I presume you may have seen +them, and that I am desired to preach the Sermon.</p> + +<p> +I remain your much obliged, &c.</p> + +<p class="sig"><span class="smcap">S. Pegge</span>. +</p></blockquote> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxv" id="Page_lxxv">[lxxv]</a></span></p> +<blockquote> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>Whittington, Nov. 29, 1788.</em></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">My dear Mr. Gough</span>, +</p> + +<p>Mr. Rooke slept at the Vicarage on the 4th, in order +to be ready for our grand celebrity the next day; and +to distribute then to his friends his drawing, which he +had caused to be engraved by Basire, of the <em>Revolution +House</em> at Whittington, which he did, with a paper of +mine, respecting the meeting there of the Earl of Devonshire, +the Earl of Derby, &c. in 1688, annexed.</p> + +<p>The 5th of November is now gone and over, and they +said I acquitted myself very well. Indeed, I was in +good spirits, and, as my Son-in-law read the prayers, +I went fresh into the pulpit. The Duke of Devon +was too late; but we had the Earl of Stamford at +church, with Lord George and Lord John Cavendish, +Lord Danby (Son of the Marquis of Carmarthen), and +Lord Francis Osborne, with their Preceptor Dr. Jackson, +Prebendary of Westminster, &c. The cavalcade +from Whittington to Chesterfield, where we were to +dine at four o'clock, was amazingly grand, no less +than 50 coaches and chaises with horses dressed with +orange ribbons; large and fine banners, with sundry +bands of music. There were about 1000 on foot, with +orange cockades, and about 300 on horseback, many +of whom, besides cockades, were in blue, with orange +capes. At half past six the fireworks, by an Italian +artist, began, and very admirable they were; he had +twenty pounds given him by the <em>Managers</em>. The ball +room, at nine, was so crowded that, though it is large, +there could be but little dancing. The ball was given +to the Ladies, with an entertainment of cakes, sweetmeats, +negus, &c. It was a fine day; and not the +least accident happened, though it is supposed not +less than 30,000 people were assembled. Hogsheads +of liquor were given by the Managers at Whittington +and Chesterfield, and the Duke of Devon gave twenty-four +guineas to the footmen mentioned above. I saw +nobody however in liquor; and when Mr. Rooke and I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxvi" id="Page_lxxvi">[lxxvi]</a></span> +returned to Whittington, at one o'clock or after, we +had a sober driver.</p> + +<p>It happened to be my birth-day; which being known +to some gentlemen at all the three great inns where +the company dined, they drank my health with three +cheers, requesting me to print my Sermon. This request +I have complied with, and it is now printed at +Chesterfield; I will take care that a copy be sent to +you and Mr. Nichols. But I must observe to you on +the occasion, that the Sermon will not read so well as it +was heard, because having good command over myself +at the time, I delivered it with energy and emphasis.</p> + +<p>There will be a monument erected at the Revolution +House in Whittington; a column I suppose; and +148 guineas are already subscribed. N. B. The Duke +of Devon and the Earl of Stamford were excepted +from subscribing, so they reluctantly desisted. Sir +H. Hunloke, a Catholic, is a subscriber, and went in the +cavalcade, but was not at church, as you may suppose.</p> + +<p>We have a very fine time here, no signs of winter +but the absence of leaves; the want of water however +is very wonderful, considering the time of year, and is +even distressing. I grow very idle and good for nothing; +but, such as I am, I remain your very affectionate +and much obliged servant,</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<span class="smcap">S. Pegge.</span> +</p></blockquote> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<blockquote> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>Whittington, Dec. 22, 1788.</em></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>, +</p> + +<p>By this time I hope you are in possession of my +Sermon, as I desired my Son to send one copy to you, +and another to Mr. Nichols. If I know you, your +sentiments in politics coincide with mine; so that I +have no fear of your concurrence in that respect and +have only to wish that the composition may please you.</p> + +<p>I am, dear Sir, your truly affectionate and much +obliged servant,</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<span class="smcap">S. Pegge.</span> +</p></blockquote> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxvii" id="Page_lxxvii">[lxxvii]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>SEQUEL TO THE PARENTALIA.</h2> + +<h3><span class="smcap">By the Editor.</span></h3> + + +<p>Samuel Pegge, Esq. the only surviving Son<a name="FNanchor_50_50" id="FNanchor_50_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_50_50" class="fnanchor">[50]</a> +of the venerable Antiquary whose Life has just +been recorded, was born in 1731. After an excellent +classical education, at St. John's College, +Cambridge, he was admitted a Barrister of the +Middle Temple; and was soon after, by the +favour of the Duke of Devonshire, then Lord +Chamberlain, appointed one of the Grooms of +His Majesty's Privy-Chamber, and an Esquire +of the King's Household.</p> + +<p>Mr. Pegge married Martha, daughter of Dr. +Henry Bourne, an eminent Physician, of Spital, +near Chesterfield, in Derbyshire<a name="FNanchor_51_51" id="FNanchor_51_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_51_51" class="fnanchor">[51]</a>, and sister to +the Rev. John Bourne<a name="FNanchor_52_52" id="FNanchor_52_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_52_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a>, Rector of Sutton, and +Vicar of South Wingfield, co. Derby.</p> + +<p>By this lady, who was born in 1732, and died +in 1767, he had one son, Christopher, of whom +hereafter; and one daughter, Charlotte-Anne, who +died, unmarried, March 17, 1793.</p> + +<p>Mr. Pegge married, secondly, Goodeth Belt, +daughter of Robert Belt, Esq. of Bossall, co. York, +by whom he had no issue<a name="FNanchor_53_53" id="FNanchor_53_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_53_53" class="fnanchor">[53]</a>.</p> + +<p>After the death of his Father, Mr. Pegge, +though somewhat advanced in life, was desirous<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxviii" id="Page_lxxviii">[lxxviii]</a></span> +of becoming a Member of the Society of Antiquaries. +He was accordingly elected in 1796; having +previously shewn that he was well deserving of +that distinction, by the accuracy and intelligence +displayed in the "Curialia."</p> + +<p>He survived his Father little more than four +years; during which period he enjoyed but an +indifferent state of bodily health. His mental +faculties, however, were, to the last, strong and +unimpaired; his manners truly elegant; his conversation +always sensible and pleasant; and his +epistolary correspondence<a name="FNanchor_54_54" id="FNanchor_54_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_54_54" class="fnanchor">[54]</a> lively and facetious.</p> + +<p>His death is thus recorded on an upright stone +on the West side of Kensington church-yard:</p> + +<p class="center"> +"<span class="smcap">Samuel Pegge</span>, Esq.<br /> +died May the 22d, 1800, aged 67 years.<br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Martha</span>, Wife of <span class="smcap">Samuel Pegge</span>, Esq.<br /> +died June 28, 1767, aged 35 years.<br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Charlotte-Anne</span>, the only Daughter<br /> +of <span class="smcap">Samuel</span> and <span class="smcap">Martha Pegge</span>,<br /> +died March 17, 1793, aged 31 years.<br /> +<br /> +Mrs. <span class="smcap">Christiana Pegge</span> died July 1, 1790."<br /> +</p> + +<p>To Mr. Pegge, we are indebted for the foregoing +circumstantial Memoir or his very learned +Father; and for several occasional communications +to the Gentleman's Magazine.</p> + +<p>But his principal Work Was intituled, "<cite>Curialia</cite>; +or, an Historical Account of some Branches<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxix" id="Page_lxxix">[lxxix]</a></span> +of the Royal Household<a name="FNanchor_55_55" id="FNanchor_55_55"></a><a href="#Footnote_55_55" class="fnanchor">[55]</a>;" Three Portions of +which he published in his life-time:</p> + +<blockquote> + +<p>Part I. consisted of "Two Dissertations, addressed +to the President of the Society of Antiquaries, +London; <em>viz.</em> 1. On the obsolete Office +of the Esquires of the King's Body. 2. On the +original Nature, Duty, &c. of the Gentlemen of the +King's Most Honourable Privy Chamber, 1782."</p> + +<p>Part II. contains "A Memoir regarding the +King's Honourable Band of Gentlemen Pensioners, +from its Establishment to the present +Time, 1784."</p> + +<p>Part III. is "A Memoir respecting the King's +Body-Guard of Yeomen of his Guard, from its +Institution, A. D. 1485; 1791."</p></blockquote> + +<p>During the remaining period of his life, Mr. +Pegge amused himself in preparing several other +Numbers of his "Curialia" for the press; the +materials for which, and also his "Anecdotes of +the English Language," he bequeathed to Mr. +Nichols; who printed "The Anecdotes of the +English Language" in 1803. This Work having +been noticed with much approbation in the principal +Reviews, and very favourably received by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxx" id="Page_lxxx">[lxxx]</a></span> +the Publick at large, a Second Edition (corrected +and improved from his own detached MSS.) was +published in 1814. To this Edition was added, +"A Supplement to the Provincial Glossary of +Francis Grose, Esq." compiled by Mr. Pegge.</p> + +<p>In 1806 Mr. Nichols published Two additional +Numbers of the "Curialia:"</p> + +<blockquote> + +<p>Part IV. "A History of Somerset House<a name="FNanchor_56_56" id="FNanchor_56_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_56_56" class="fnanchor">[56]</a>, +from the Commencement of its Erection in 1549."</p> + +<p>Part V. "A Dissertation<a name="FNanchor_57_57" id="FNanchor_57_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_57_57" class="fnanchor">[57]</a> on the ancient Establishment +and Function of the Serjeant at Arms."</p></blockquote> + +<p>The further continuation of that interesting +work was broken off by the melancholy accident +mentioned in page v.</p> + +<p>In the early part of his life Mr. Pegge was +a considerable proficient in Musick. He composed +a complete Melo-Drama, both the words +and the musick in score, which still remains in +MS. Many Catches and Glees also, and several of +the most popular Songs for Vauxhall Gardens were +written and set to music by him.</p> + +<p>His Muse was very fertile; and though his modesty +forbade the avowal, he was the Author of +some occasional Prologues and Epilogues which +were favourably received by the Publick: a Prologue,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxxi" id="Page_lxxxi">[lxxxi]</a></span> +particularly, spoken by Mr. Yates at Birmingham +in 1760, on taking the Theatre into his +own hands; an Epilogue spoken by the same excellent +Actor, at Drury Lane, on his return from +France, and another Epilogue, filled with pertinent +allusions to the Game of Quadrille, spoken +by Mrs. Yates, at her Benefit, in three different +seasons, 1769, 1770, and 1774. He was the Author +also of a pathetic Elegy on his own Recovery +from a dangerous Illness; and of some pleasant +Tales and Epigrammatic Poems.</p> + +<p>His other acknowledged writings were,</p> + +<p>1. "An Elegy on the Death of Godfrey Bagnall +Clerke, Esq. (late one of the Representatives +in Parliament for the County of Derby), who +died Dec. 26, 1774.<a name="FNanchor_58_58" id="FNanchor_58_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_58_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a>"</p> + +<p>2. "Memoirs of Edward Capell, Esq."<a name="FNanchor_59_59" id="FNanchor_59_59"></a><a href="#Footnote_59_59" class="fnanchor">[59]</a></p> + +<p>3. "Illustrations of the Churchwardens' Accompts +of St. Michael Spurrier Gate, York," in +the "Illustrations of the Manners and Expences +of Antient Times, 1797."</p> + +<p>4. "On a Custom observed by the Lord Lieutenants +of Ireland." (Antiquarian Repertory, +Edit. 1809, vol. IV. p. 622.)</p> + +<p>5. "Historical Anecdotes of the French Word +Carosse." (Ibid. p. 642.)—The two last mentioned +Tracts are re-printed in the present volume.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxxii" id="Page_lxxxii">[lxxxii]</a></span></p> + +<p>Mr. Pegge also superintended through the Press +the greater part of his Father's "History of Beauchief +Abbey;" but died before it was completed.</p> + +<p>His only Son, the present Sir Christopher Pegge, +was admitted a Commoner at Christ Church, +Oxford, in 1782; took the Degree of B. A. there +in 1786; was elected Fellow of Oriel College in +1788; resigned his Fellowship in 1790, and was +re-admitted of Christ Church, having been appointed, +through favour of the Dean and Chapter, +Dr. Lee's Reader in Anatomy (which situation +he resigned in 1816, an asthmatic complaint +having rendered change of residence adviseable); +took the Degrees of M. A. and M. B. 1789, and +that of M. D. 1792. He was elected one of the +Physicians to the Radcliffe Infirmary in 1791 +(which he resigned in 1803); F. L. S. 1792; +F.R.S. 1795; and Fellow of the College of Physicians +1796; received from his Majesty the Honour +of Knighthood in 1799, and the Dignity of +Regius Professor of Physic in 1801.</p> + +<p>Sir Christopher Pegge married, in 1791, Amey, +the eldest daughter of Kenton Couse, Esq. of +Whitehall; by whom he has issue one daughter, +Mary, married in 1816 to the Rev. Richard Moore +Boultbee, of Merton College, Oxford (second son +of Joseph Boultbee, Esq. of Springfield House, +near Knowle, Warwickshire), and had a daughter, +born Dec. 9, 1817.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxxiii" id="Page_lxxxiii">[lxxxiii]</a></span></p> + + +<h3><big>APPENDIX, No. II.</big></h3> + + +<p class="center">To <span class="smcap">Richard Gough</span>, Esq.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>Whittington, March 17, 1796.</em></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>, +</p> + +<p>There are no persons in the world to whom so much +regard is due, respecting my late Father's Collections +in the literary line, as to yourself and Mr. Nichols. +I daily see obligations, from Books which you have +respectively conferred upon him, which call for every +acknowledgement. I am as daily concerned in looking +over papers of various kinds; and will preserve +them all sacredly, and report upon them when I +return to Town, which must be in May or June.</p> + +<p>I am labouring to keep possession of this house as +long as I can, and believe I shall be amply indulged; +a circumstance which will enable me to pay every +attention to what may be of real use to my Father's +Friends: for, as Botanists allow nothing to be weeds, +so I admit nothing to be waste paper.</p> + +<p>What I write to you I mean should be said to Mr. +Nichols, with every kind remembrance. I have only +to desire that I may be considered (by descent at +least) as</p> + +<p> +Your obliged Friend,</p> +<p class="sig"> +<span class="smcap">S. Pegge</span>. +</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="center">To Mr. Deputy <span class="smcap">Nichols</span>.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>Whittington, March 30, 1796.</em></p> +<p> +<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>, +</p> + +<p>A peck of March dust is said to be worth a King's +ransom;—and to you (who know this house) I may say +that I am enveloped in as much dust<a name="FNanchor_60_60" id="FNanchor_60_60"></a><a href="#Footnote_60_60" class="fnanchor">[60]</a> as would ransom +an Emperor. I shall be in Town at the end of May<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxxiv" id="Page_lxxxiv">[lxxxiv]</a></span> +at the farthest, and would wish to work double tides +in the History of Beauchief-Abbey while I stay; for +I shall find it necessary to pass as long a Summer as +I can here, where (by the new Rector's leave) I hope +to continue till the approach of Winter.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<span class="smcap">S. Pegge.</span> +</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>Whittington, April 12, 1796.</em></p> +<p> +<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>, +</p> + +<p>I am really so much engaged (for I am not half +through my Herculean labour) that I have not leisure +to think of my late nearest Friend, so as to <em>erect</em> any +memorial in the Gentleman's Magazine <em>at present</em>.</p> + +<p>I have written to Lord Leicester and to Mr. Topham +by this post, to request that I may be <em>hung up, +according to Law</em>, at the Society of Antiquaries, in +hopes of being honourably cut down, and receiving +Christian Burial. The <em>Director</em><a name="FNanchor_61_61" id="FNanchor_61_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_61_61" class="fnanchor">[61]</a>, I trust, will appear +<em>to character</em> when my Trial comes up. God send me +a good deliverance! What I write to you, I write +to Mr. Gough also through you.</p> + +<p> +Your obliged Friend, &c.</p> + +<p class="sig"><span class="smcap">S. Pegge.</span> +</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="center">To <span class="smcap">George Allan</span>, Esq. Darlington.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>Whittington, May 2, 1796.</em></p> + +<p> +<span class="smcap">Sir</span>, +</p> + +<p>In the course of the last year my late Father (Rev. +Dr. Pegge) among other Books made me a present +off "The Northumberland Household Book;" which +he told me (as I since find by his memoranda) was +lent to you. I take the liberty of wishing to have it +returned soon, directed to my Friend Mr. Nichols.</p> + +<p>I have heard my Father often speak of you, Sir, +with much respect, and I shall always honour my +Father's Friends. I am, &c.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<span class="smcap">S. Pegge.</span> +</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>Whittington, May 23, 1796.</em></p> + +<p> +<span class="smcap">Sir</span>, +</p> + +<p>I thank you for the favour of your Letter, which +was anticipated by a line from Mr. Nichols, advising +me that "The Northumberland Household Book"<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxxv" id="Page_lxxxv">[lxxxv]</a></span> +was safe in his hands. The honourable mention I hear +of my late Father, almost every day, is very gratifying +to me, though I know it is not undeserved on his +part. As to Mr. Brander's Print of my father, I have +a very few in London; and one of the best of them +shall be at your service. I cannot think the Print in +the least like my Father; but I have a Painting<a name="FNanchor_62_62" id="FNanchor_62_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_62_62" class="fnanchor">[62]</a> +which is a very strong resemblance.</p> + +<p>Your very obedient humble servant,</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<span class="smcap">S. Pegge</span>. +</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="center">To Mr. <span class="smcap">Nichols</span>.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>Whittington, July 28, 1796.</em></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>, +</p> + +<p>We left London on Monday the eleventh; but did +not <em>make</em> Whittington till last Sunday the 24th inst. +We passed part of Wednesday the 13th, and all the +14th and 15th, at Southwell, with the new Rector of +Whittington, and had a very pleasurable visit. We +next <em>touched</em> at Spital, and as we thought only for +three or four days, but were detained there by <em>contrary +winds</em>, which <em>blew</em> us into parties of company +and venison.</p> + +<p>I am, dear Sir, yours very sincerely,</p> + +<p class="sig"><span class="smcap">S. Pegge</span>.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>York, Sunday, Sept. 11, 1796.</em></p> + +<p> +<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>, +</p> + +<p>Where and when this will find you, whether in +<em>Urban</em> or in <em>Sylvan</em> scenes, I know not: but the purport +of it is to desire that you would send me (to +Whittington) the <em>last Impression</em> of the Family Pedigree +of <em>Bourne</em>.</p> + +<p>Whether you ever insert it in your <em>Leicestershire</em> or +not, I wish to have it completed, as far as may be, +from my own connexion with it; and because I know<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxxvi" id="Page_lxxxvi">[lxxxvi]</a></span> +that every difficulty is doubled to every succeeding +generation. The Historian of Leicestershire must +have had repeated experience of this circumstance in +his investigations.</p> + +<p> +Yours, &c.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<span class="smcap">S. Pegge.</span> +</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>Scotland yard, Feb. 20, 1797.</em></p> + +<p> +<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>, +</p> + +<p>I am now going seriously to work, to bring the Coins +forward by auction. The whole collection amounts +in number to between 1100 and 1200; but of what +value the hammer must determine.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<span class="smcap">S. Pegge.</span> +</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>June 10, 1797.</em></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>, +</p> + +<p>Mr. Gough was so obliging as to mention hopes of +seeing us at Enfield; and I have been for several days +on the point of writing to him a line of thanks, and to +express the willingness of the spirit, and the weakness +of the flesh; for, alas! I have got as much gout as +will last me till we go into Derbyshire in the second +week in July. In this situation it would be much to +the honour of your humanity to come and pass an evening +with us. I am sure to be found at home.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +S. P. +</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>Scotland yard, June 18, 1797.</em></p> + +<p> +<span class="smcap">Dear Sir,</span> +</p> + +<p>I hope this will find you safely returned from your +excursion, and disengaged, as I wish you to pass a +<em>long</em> evening with me. Mr. Bowyer Nichols would +tell you that I am now at leisure to go on with "Beauchief +Abbey" for a little while; but without your assistance, +know not how. Send me word what evening +you can best spare, and bring your Son with you, +and let it be very <em>speedily</em>. I shall soon put an end +to the Session, and this <em>Printing-ment</em> will be prorogued +to the 5th of October, then to meet for dispatch +of business.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<span class="smcap">S. Pegge.</span> +</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>December 7, 1797.</em></p> + +<p> +<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>, +</p> + +<p>As you are connected with the Representatives of +Dr. Farmer, or the person who acts for them, I wish<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxxvii" id="Page_lxxxvii">[lxxxvii]</a></span> +you would procure a receipt for a copy of Skelton, +which was found in my Father's collection after his +death, and which was evidently Mr. Farmer's property.</p> + +<p>As I hear that Dr. Farmer's Library is intended for +sale, I should be glad that this book might be soon restored +to the Executors; and my original wish to return +it, may appear from a letter of mine to Dr. +Farmer, dated so long ago as the 4th of February last, +which has probably been found among his papers. I +received no answer to it, which I imputed to his then +bad state of health.</p> + +<p> +Yours, &c.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<span class="smcap">S. Pegge.</span> +</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>Harrowgate, Aug. 25, 1799.</em></p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>, +</p> + +<p>Our history, since I saw you, is briefly this. We left +London on the 18th of July, and made a journey of +three days to Spital, near Chesterfield. After resting +there, for as many days, we set off for this place, +which we found very full, and made our quarters good +at the humblest house we could find; but with the +most comfortable accommodations that a very uncomfortable +place can afford; and are reconciled to our +situation. We dine (<em>en masse</em>) about 20 on the average, +keep good hours, and are not pestered with +gamblers, ladies-maids, or lap-dogs. In some houses +they dine 120 people!!!</p> + +<p>The water of this place is a very strong sulphur, and +I believe, is the most powerful of any in the kingdom. +The most quiet of this sort of houses is much too turbulent +for me; besides that it is difficult for one who +cannot walk, or even saunter about, as others do, to +fill up the chasms between meals, except by reading, +which is scarcely practicable here. I find myself, +however, tolerably habituated to noise and talk; and +as to the art of doing nothing, I have made myself perfectly +master of it. As a proof of it, I have been +three weeks in writing this letter.</p> + +<p>If you ask me how I do? I answer, I don't know at +present. I have experienced much <em>non</em>-valescence, +and am told <em>con</em>-valescence will follow.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<span class="smcap">S. Pegge.</span> +</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxxviii" id="Page_lxxxviii">[lxxxviii]</a></span></p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>Monday, January 27, 1800.</em></p> + +<p> +<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>, +</p> + +<p>The Lady<a name="FNanchor_63_63" id="FNanchor_63_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_63_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a> mentioned in the enclosed Article is +my Niece, who hopes to open the Ball in the List of +Marriages in this Month. I send also an article for +the Obituary<a name="FNanchor_64_64" id="FNanchor_64_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_64_64" class="fnanchor">[64]</a>, the death of a Brother of my Wife, and +whose death has long been expected. I am a lodger +in my own first-floor, with some gout, which will +neither lead nor drive; but I should be very happy +to receive a charitable visit of chat in any evening that +you can spare. I do not ask Mr. Bowyer Nichols, as I +cannot encounter more than one person at a time.</p> + +<p> +Your very sincere friend,</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<span class="smcap">S. Pegge</span>. +</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="sig"> +<em>March 17, 1800.</em></p> + +<p> +<span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>, +</p> + +<p>Presuming that you are returned from Hinckley, +and <em>have nothing in the world to do</em>, I hope you will +give us your company in an evening very soon; for at +that time of the day I see nobody else. Let me hear +by one of your <em>Representatives in Parliament</em><a name="FNanchor_65_65" id="FNanchor_65_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_65_65" class="fnanchor">[65]</a> on what +evening I may expect you, that I may <em>rectify</em> my spirits +accordingly.</p> + +<p> +Adieu!</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<span class="smcap">S. Pegge.</span> +</p> +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1"> </a></span></p> + + + +<h2><span class="oldenglish">Hospitium Domini Regis;</span></h2> + +<p class="center">OR,</p> + +<p class="center"><big>THE HISTORY</big></p> + +<p class="center">OF THE</p> + +<p class="center"><big>ROYAL HOUSEHOLD</big>.</p> + + + +<p class="center">————</p> + + +<h2>INTRODUCTION.</h2> + + +<p>I was led into the following investigation +from a natural and kind of instinctive +curiosity, and a desire of knowing what was +the antient state of the Court to which I have +the honour, by the favour of his Grace +William the late Duke of Devonshire, to +compose a part. It is obvious to suppose that +so large a body must have undergone various +revolutions, and have borne very different +complexions according to times and circumstances: +and having occasion to consult +some MSS. in the Lord Chamberlain's +Office, by his Lordship's permission, upon +a matter of no consequence to relate, I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span> +thought I discerned, in the course of my +search, that materials were to be found sufficient +to furnish out a detail. Having free +access to the use of a large Library, and by +the favour of many friends, to whom I take +this opportunity of testifying my obligations, +I was enabled to trace back the state of the +Court in darker ages, though but by a glimmering +light.</p> + +<p>Notwithstanding ample revenues have always +been provided for support of the dignity +and splendour of the Royal House of +the Kings of England, equal, if not perhaps +superior, to those of any Court in Europe, +yet we shall find they have varied very much +in different Reigns, as times and circumstances +have required; though not always +for laudable reasons. Some of our Kings +have been so profuse, that, either from their +extensive liberality, or more frequently worse +inducements, they have thereby lessened the +estates of the Crown so very much, that retrenchments, +either in the number or expence +of their Households (and sometimes +both) have become the necessary consequence.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> +Others<a name="FNanchor_66_66" id="FNanchor_66_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_66_66" class="fnanchor">[66]</a> have found the Crown +Revenues so much contracted at their Accession, +that they have been obliged to demand +resumptions of grants made by their +immediate Predecessor, in order to enable +themselves to support the Regal dignity with +a proper degree of splendour. Others<a name="FNanchor_67_67" id="FNanchor_67_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_67_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a>, +again, from a wanton spirit of prodigality, +have rendered it necessary for them to resume +even <em>their own</em> grants; a measure equally +scandalous to the character of the Prince, as +derogatory to the honour of the Crown.</p> + +<p>As to <em>resumptions</em>, several of each sort +will be seen in the following sheets, antecedent +to the Reformation; and since that +period there have been repeated occasions +for <em>reductions (ex necessitate rei)</em> in the +tumultuous reigns of Charles the First, +Charles the Second, and James the Second.</p> + +<p>When we speak of the superior magnificence +of our own Court, we may add, that no +other makes so liberal appointments to its +Officers, could we know the Establishments +of the rest.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span></p> + +<p>In France they figure away with thousands +of livres <em>per annum</em>; but, when these come to +be liquidated into pounds sterling, the idea is +lost, and the appointment of a Lord of the +Bed-chamber sinks down into a salary not +superior to our Gentlemen Ushers.</p> + +<p>In Poland the Officers of the State and +Household have no salaries nor fees<a name="FNanchor_68_68" id="FNanchor_68_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_68_68" class="fnanchor">[68]</a>; but are +content with the honour, unless the King +chose to reward them with a <em>Starostie</em>, a kind +of Fiefs inherent in the Crown for this purpose.</p> + +<p>At the Court of Turin, the salaries of the +Officers of the Court are extremely small, and +every way inadequate to their rank. Frugality +and œconomy, exercised in a Royal +manner, are the characteristics of that Court; +insomuch as that, if the Officers of State had +not an income arising from their patrimony, +their salaries would not afford them food and +raiment<a name="FNanchor_69_69" id="FNanchor_69_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_69_69" class="fnanchor">[69]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span></p> +<p>The Emperor of Germany has one very +singular prerogative, very inconvenient to +the inhabitants of Vienna, that of taking to +himself the <em>first floor</em> of every house in the +City (a few privileged places excepted) for +the use of the <em>Officers of his Court and +Army</em>; so that, on this account, says my Author<a name="FNanchor_70_70" id="FNanchor_70_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_70_70" class="fnanchor">[70]</a>, +"Princes, Ambassadors, and Nobles, +usually inhabit the second stories; and the +third, fourth, and even fifth floors (the +houses being large and high) are well fitted +up for the reception of opulent and noble +families." The houses being so large, a +single floor suffices for most of the principal +and largest families in the City.</p> + +<p>For particulars relative to the Court of +Denmark, it may be sufficient to refer to the +account given by Lord Molesworth, who resided +several years as Envoy Extraordinary +from King William III.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>WILLIAM I.</h2> + + +<p>After that great Revolution called <em>The +Conquest</em>, it is to be supposed that a competent +part, and that no inconsiderable one, +was allotted for the support of the Dignity +of the King's House. How large the establishment +of the Household was, it would be +very difficult to ascertain at this distance of +time; but we know that the Conqueror's +Revenues were very great, and that, besides +the public branch of it for the defence of the +Kingdom against invasions from abroad, +there must have been an ample residue to +maintain the Court in dignity and magnificence +at home. William, as soon as he was +seated on his new Throne, was careful to +make a general and accurate Survey of the +whole kingdom, notwithstanding there had +been a Survey taken within less than 200 years +by King Alfred, then remaining at Winchester.<a name="FNanchor_71_71" id="FNanchor_71_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_71_71" class="fnanchor">[71]</a> +But William's jealous caution did<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> +not permit him to trust to this. He saw the +necessity there was to make the most of +things; and, looking on money as a necessary +means of maintaining and increasing power, +he accumulated as much as he could, though +rather, perhaps, from an ambitious than a +covetous motive; at least his avarice was +subservient to his ambition; and he laid up +wealth in his coffers, as he did arms in his +magazines, to be drawn out on proper occasions, +for the defence and enlargement of +his dominions<a name="FNanchor_72_72" id="FNanchor_72_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_72_72" class="fnanchor">[72]</a>.</p> + +<p>In William's Survey, which we call <cite>Domesday +Book</cite>, particular attention was first paid +to the King's right; and the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Terra Regis</i> +(as it was called), which consisted of such +lands as either had belonged to the Crown, +or to the King individually, was placed first; +and, upon the whole, 1422<a name="FNanchor_73_73" id="FNanchor_73_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_73_73" class="fnanchor">[73]</a> manors, or +lordships, were appropriated to the Crown; +besides lands and farms, and besides quit-rents +paid out of other subordinate manors. +Whether William assumed to himself and the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> +Crown more than he ought, is hard to say; +but it is to be supposed he was not very +sparing or delicate. The <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Terra Regis</i> is +said to have consisted of such lands as Edward +the Confessor was found to have been +possessed of, the alienation of which was held +impious; to which some think William added +the forfeited estates of those who opposed +him at the decisive battle of Hastings<a name="FNanchor_74_74" id="FNanchor_74_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_74_74" class="fnanchor">[74]</a>; and +likewise the lands of such Barons, and others, +who afterwards forsook him. These advantages +he might, perhaps, be glad to take, as +they enabled him better to reward his Norman +friends and followers, who were numerous; +and furnished him likewise with a plea +to enrich himself, by annexing part of such +lands to the Crown, and distributing the +rest, with a reservation of quit-rents and services. +We may add to these, many apparently +unjustifiable means which the Conqueror +used to enrich himself, though by the +greatness of the antient Crown-estate, and +the feudal profits to which he was legally +entitled, he was already one of the richest<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> +Monarchs in Europe. The Saxon Chronicle +says, he omitted no opportunity of extorting +money from his subjects upon the slightest +pretext, and speaks of it as a thing of course<a name="FNanchor_75_75" id="FNanchor_75_75"></a><a href="#Footnote_75_75" class="fnanchor">[75]</a>. +It must be owned, however, (says Lord Lyttelton) +that, if his avarice was insatiably +and unjustly rapacious, it was not meanly +parsimonious, nor of that sordid kind which +brings on a Prince dishonour and contempt. +He supported the <em>dignity of the Crown</em> with +a <em>decent magnificence</em>; and, though he never +was <em>lavish</em>, he was sometimes <em>liberal</em><a name="FNanchor_76_76" id="FNanchor_76_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_76_76" class="fnanchor">[76]</a>.</p> + +<p>Thus did the Conqueror leave an ample +and splendid revenue to his Successor, sufficient +to maintain his Court in dignity and +magnificence, and adequate to every expence +both foreign and domestic. It is, at this +day, almost impossible to discover the nature<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> +and magnitude of William's Household; but +most probably, as it was numerous, it was +likewise magnificent; though, perhaps, composed +of Officers and Offices very different +from what have been adopted in succeeding +Reigns.</p> + +<p>We read of Treasurers, for such a King +<em>must</em> have: and in the next Reign mention +is made of Robert Fitz-Hamon, <em>Gentleman +of the Bed-chamber</em><a name="FNanchor_77_77" id="FNanchor_77_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_77_77" class="fnanchor">[77]</a>, who conquered +Wales, while William Rufus was engaged +in a war with Scotland, anno 1091; and +we afterwards read of other Officers similar +to what we have at present, though the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> +rudeness of the times rendered most of the +offices now in being unnecessary, which seem +to have been added from time to time, as +luxury and refined necessity required, and +in conformity to the pride and ostentatious +spirit of the Prince who erected them.</p> + +<p>It is probable, however, that what was +wanting in parade, was equalled by an expence +in hospitality, which must, of course, +employ a great many Domestics of different +kinds in their several departments, to which we +may suppose were added many of a Military +nature, which the situation of the Conqueror +rendered necessary in his new dominion.</p> + +<p>There being but few Placemen in those +times, the Court was chiefly composed of +Ecclesiastics, Barons, Knights, and other +Military Gentlemen, led by the hopes of +preferment or promotion; and Lord Lyttelton +says, William was always liberal to his +Soldiers and to the Church<a name="FNanchor_78_78" id="FNanchor_78_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_78_78" class="fnanchor">[78]</a>. The Barons +were, at this time of day, the chief Council +of the Realm; they held their Baronies of the +King, for which they were perpetually doing +homage; and on these accounts the Court<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> +must have been crowded,—at least much frequented.</p> + +<p>As to the internal part of the Court, +I mean the Attendants on the Royal person, +we know but very little. King Alfred, +however, who lived 200 years before the +Conquest, during his attention to the Police +of his Kingdom in general, did not forget +the internal good government of his Household; +for we learn from Ingulphus<a name="FNanchor_79_79" id="FNanchor_79_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_79_79" class="fnanchor">[79]</a> that he +divided his Attendants into three classes, who +were appointed to wait by turns, <em>monthly</em>.</p> + +<p>Whether this mode was continued by his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span> +Successors, I do not learn. William might +perhaps reject it as being Saxon, and adopt +a plan similar to the French Court, in compliment +to his Norman adherents. This routine +of waiting, not much unlike the present +mode, rendered the service of Alfred's attendants +both œconomical, and agreeable to +themselves. Sir John Spelman, in his Life +of King Alfred, supposes that the Officers +who are now called <em>Quarter-waiters</em> are, +from their title, a relique of this mode of +waiting established by Alfred. But this +(with deference to the Gentlemen of that +Corps) seems to be going too far, and does +not agree with Ingulphus, from whom Sir +John takes his account; who says, that the +Officers of King Alfred's Household were +divided into three classes, and that each class +waited alternately monthly, not quarterly; +so that no one class waited two consecutive +months, and each would, of course, wait <em>four +months</em> in the year, with an interval of two +months between each wait. It is true, they +would renew their waiting once in a quarter +of course, from the number of classes, but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span> +no part of them attended for a quarter together; +and I apprehend the Quarter-waiters +received their name because they waited a +quarter of a year at a time by turns, as their +superiors, the Daily-waiters, waited daily by +turns. Alfred's Household most resembled +the Gentlemen Pensioners in the mode of attendance, +who, to this day, wait in <em>classes</em> +quarterly.</p> + +<p>I shall now give Sir John Spelman's account +at large (as I have Ingulphus's), +where he gives a supposed, and not improbable, +reason for this mode of attendance.</p> + +<p>"He [Alfred] having, it seems, observed +the course that Solomon took in preparing +timber at Lebanon for the Temple, where +thirty thousand, assigned to the work, went +by ten thousand at a time, wrought there a +month, and then returning, stayed two +months at home, until their turn in the +fourth month came about again<a name="FNanchor_80_80" id="FNanchor_80_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_80_80" class="fnanchor">[80]</a>—he, applying +this to his own occasions, ordained the +like course in his attendance, making a triplicate +thereof, insomuch that he had a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> +three-fold shift of all Domestic Officers; each +of which were, by themselves, under the +command of a several <em>Major-domo</em><a name="FNanchor_81_81" id="FNanchor_81_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_81_81" class="fnanchor">[81]</a>, or +Master of the Household, who, coming with +his servants under his charge, to wait at +Court, stayed there a month, and then returning +home, were supplied by the second +ternary, and they again by the third, until +the course coming about, the first of them +(after two months recess at home) did, with +the quarter<a name="FNanchor_82_82" id="FNanchor_82_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_82_82" class="fnanchor">[82]</a>, renew their monthly service at +the Court. I should conjecture (continues +he) that the King, for his more honourable +attendance, took this course in point of +Royalty and State, there being (as it then +stood with the State) very few men of quality +fit to stand before a King, who, by their +fortunes or dependency, were not otherwhere +besides engaged; neither was there, +in those times, any great assurance to be had +of any man, unless he were one of such condition, +whose service, when the King was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> +fain to use one month in the quarter, it was +necessary for the common-wealth that he +should remit them the other two months +unto their own occasions. Neither used he +this course with some of his Officers only (as +there are those who understand it to have +been a course taken only with those of his +Guard), but with all his whole attendance; +neither used he it for a time only, but for his +whole life; and I little doubt but that the +use at Court, at this day, of Officers, <em>Quarter-waiters</em>, +had the first beginning even from +this invention of the King<a name="FNanchor_83_83" id="FNanchor_83_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_83_83" class="fnanchor">[83]</a>."</p> + +<p>The Translator of this Life of Alfred into +Latin, Dr. Obadiah Walker, has taken a +little latitude in the last sentence of this passage, +and has wandered totally from the +mark. His words are, "Neque multum dubito +quin <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Dapiferi</i> hodierni (quos <em>Quarter-waiters</em> +appellamus) qui per singulos anni +quadrantes, Regi ad <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">mensam</i> ministrant, ab +hoc Regis instituto, manarint." Now it is +pretty certain that the Quarter-waiters are<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> +not Officers at all connected, by their post, +with the King's <em>table</em>, they being a secondary +degree of <em>Gentlemen Ushers</em>, called +in a grant of Fees temp. Car. I. (in Rymer's +Fœdera) <em>Ante-Ambulones</em>. The Doctor +seems, by the word <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Dapiferi</i>, to have confounded +them with the <em>Sewers</em>; which is +strengthened by the following words, "qui +ad <em>mensam</em> ministrant."</p> + +<p>It is allowed that King Alfred enlarged +his Household very much; but, what was the +nature and office of the individuals of it, we +shall probably never be able to gather. We +may, however, fairly suppose his Retinue in +number, and his Court in splendour, was far +superior to those of any of his Predecessors.</p> + +<p>Of the <em>Conqueror's Court</em> we know still +less, neither do I learn that King Alfred's +establishment was followed by his immediate +successors; but it is reasonable to suppose +that the <em>Court</em>, as well as the <em>Kingdom</em>, +would be new-modelled, and assume a different +face, upon so great a revolution as that +of the Conquest.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>WILLIAM RUFUS.</h2> + + +<p>Notwithstanding the fair inheritance left +by the Conqueror, equal to the Regal +Dignity, and the exigences of the State, +William Rufus, the successor, not only dissipated +the great treasure of which he was +possessed at the demise of his Father, but +ran into so extravagant a profusion of expence, +that he was at last obliged to apply +to resources, unwarrantable in themselves, +and derogatory to his Crown and Dignity. +The late King's treasures were said to amount +to 60,000<em>l.</em>; but, according to Henry of Huntingdon<a name="FNanchor_84_84" id="FNanchor_84_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_84_84" class="fnanchor">[84]</a>, +who lived very near the time, to +60,000 pound <em>weight</em> of silver, exclusive of +gold, jewels, plate, and robes; and "the +silver money alone (says Lord Lyttelton<a name="FNanchor_85_85" id="FNanchor_85_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_85_85" class="fnanchor">[85]</a>),<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> +according to the best computation I am able +to make, was equivalent at least to nine hundred +thousand pounds of our money at present:" +but this would not suffice; for the +Crown-lands, which were held so sacred by his +ancestors, were alienated; and he was at last +compelled, as a dernier resort, to resume his +own grants, a practice now used for the first +(but not the last) time, and a measure equally +scandalous and iniquitous. Rufus's ordinary +revenues did not probably exceed those of his +Father; but, as he ran into more needless +and wanton expenses, he was necessitated to +make frequent demands upon his people. +Considering the influence of artful Churchmen, +in those times of Papal tyranny, over +weak Princes, it is not to be wondered that +Rufus should be easily prevailed upon by +Ranulphus, Bishop of Durham<a name="FNanchor_86_86" id="FNanchor_86_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_86_86" class="fnanchor">[86]</a>, who was +Master both of his Councils and his Conscience, +to resume his own grants, though<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> +made for valuable considerations; or to take +any measure, however unwarrantable and unprecedented—</p> + +<p> +"Tantum Religio potuit suadere malorum."<br /> +</p> + +<p>Amongst other acts of rapacity, made in +a manner necessary by his former profusion, +he kept the See of Canterbury vacant four +years (upon the death of Lanfranc), that he +might take the profits to his own use; nay, +he did the same by the Bishoprick of Lincoln, +and all others that became void in his Reign; +and at the time of his death he had in his +hands the Sees of Canterbury, Winchester, +Salisbury, twelve<a name="FNanchor_87_87" id="FNanchor_87_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_87_87" class="fnanchor">[87]</a> rich Abbeys, besides +many other Benefices of less consideration<a name="FNanchor_88_88" id="FNanchor_88_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_88_88" class="fnanchor">[88]</a>; +so little regard has ever been paid +to things <em>sacred</em> by Arbitrary Princes (as +our Kings were at that time) to gratify either +their necessities or their passions. But +this was not the worst part of the story; for, +not satisfied with the First-fruits, to which he +was entitled,—after he had seized the vacant +Benefices, and pillaged them of every thing<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span> +valuable (even to the very Shrines), he sold +them publicly to the best bidder, without regard +to merit or capacity<a name="FNanchor_89_89" id="FNanchor_89_89"></a><a href="#Footnote_89_89" class="fnanchor">[89]</a>.</p> + +<p>After having been led, by the nature of +the subject, to speak thus freely of this +King's rapacity, it is but justice to mention +an instance of his generosity. It is related +that, two Monks striving to outbid each +other for a rich Abbey, the King perceived a +third standing by, who did not bid any thing; +to whom the King addressing himself, asked +"how much <em>he</em> would give?" The Monk +replied, "he had no money, and, if he had, +his conscience would not suffer him to lay it +out in that manner:" upon which the King +swore his usual oath<a name="FNanchor_90_90" id="FNanchor_90_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_90_90" class="fnanchor">[90]</a> "that he best deserved +it, and should have it for nothing<a name="FNanchor_91_91" id="FNanchor_91_91"></a><a href="#Footnote_91_91" class="fnanchor">[91]</a>."</p> + +<p>Though William was thus continually +filling his coffers with these dishonourable +and sacrilegious spoils, yet was he avaricious<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> +without frugality, covetous and prodigal at +the same time; always in want, and devising +new ways to raise money, however mean and +despicable. I cannot omit one artful and +almost ludicrous method which Rufus practised +to raise money, in the war with his brother +Robert, who had engaged the French +in his interest. "Under pretence (says +M. Rapin, from Simeon Dunelmensis, Matthew +Paris, &c.) that there was occasion for +supplies of men, William Rufus [then in +Normandy] sent orders into England, to +raise, with all possible speed, 20,000 men. +In raising this army, such were purposely +taken for soldiers who were well to pass, or +to whom it was very inconvenient to leave +their families. When these levies were +going to embark, the King's Treasurer told +them, by his order, "that they might every +man return home, upon payment of ten shillings +each." This news was so acceptable to +the soldiers, listed thus against their wills, +that there was not one but who was glad +to be dismissed at so easy a rate. By this +means William raised the sum of 10,000<em>l.</em><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> +with which he bribed the French to retire. +Various other instances of extortion and rapacity +(though not attended with so much +ingenuity as this) might be adduced from +the history of this Reign, recorded by contemporary +writers; but enough has been +mentioned to convince us that but little order +or decorum is to be expected within the +walls of the Court of so unprincipled a King. +On the contrary, indeed, all writers agree<a name="FNanchor_92_92" id="FNanchor_92_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_92_92" class="fnanchor">[92]</a> +in their accounts of the dissolute manners of +his Household and Adherents, which called +forth rigid edicts in the next Reign, for the +suppression of vices which had grown too +flagrant to be removed by reprobation alone. +The crimes laid to the charge of his retinue +were, some of them, of the most serious nature, +and required an uncommon exertion of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span> +severity; as we shall see presently. "In the +magnificence of his <em>Court</em> and buildings, +however, (says Lord Lyttelton<a name="FNanchor_93_93" id="FNanchor_93_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_93_93" class="fnanchor">[93]</a>,) he <em>greatly</em> +exceeded any King of that age. But +though his profuseness (continues his Lordship) +arose from a noble and generous +nature, it must be accounted rather a vice +than a virtue; as, in order to supply the unbounded +extent of it, he was very rapacious. +If he had lived long, his expences would +have undone him, and they had brought him +some years before his death into such difficulties, +that even if his temper had not been +despotic, his <em>necessities</em> would have rendered +him a Tyrant.</p> + + + +<hr class="chap" /> +<h2>HENRY I.</h2> + + +<p>After so bad an œconomist (to say no +worse of William Rufus), we may hope to +see a more prudent direction of the revenues +of the State, and a less abandoned Retinue<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span> +about the Royal Person. This is, however, +no great compliment to Henry, who succeeded: +for a moderate character will appear +with some degree of lustre, after one so very +much disfigured as that of Rufus. Henry +had, without question, many good qualities. +He was a wise and prudent Prince, and, as +the Saxon Chronicle says, "magno honore +habitus<a name="FNanchor_94_94" id="FNanchor_94_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_94_94" class="fnanchor">[94]</a>;" but yet, we shall discover, one of +his ruling passions was avarice, when we +come to look nearly into his interior conduct +in life. There was a glaring inconsistency +in his very outset; for, soon after his accession, +we find him punishing and imprisoning +the abettors of William Rufus's +exactions, and, among the rest, Ranulph +Bishop of Durham, the <em>Minister</em> and instrument +of all those oppressive and unwarrantable +measures; and yet, very soon after, +we behold Henry sequestering to his own +use the revenues of the Archbishopric of Canterbury, +and keeping them in his hands for +five years, after the example of the very man +whose rapacious conduct he had, but just<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span> +before, publicly condemned<a name="FNanchor_95_95" id="FNanchor_95_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_95_95" class="fnanchor">[95]</a>. It is true he +recalled many grants bestowed upon <em>creatures</em> +and undeserving persons in the late +Reign; but whether upon motives of justice +or avarice I do not determine. It will be +found that he died exceedingly rich for those +times (by whatever means the wealth was +amassed); for he did not omit any opportunity +of taxing his subjects, where he could +do it with a tolerable grace, though he did +it not in so bare-faced a manner as Rufus +had done. Thus he availed himself of an +antient Norman feudal custom, on occasion +of the marrying his eldest daughter<a name="FNanchor_96_96" id="FNanchor_96_96"></a><a href="#Footnote_96_96" class="fnanchor">[96]</a>. This +custom was not now first established by +Henry himself, as some have supposed<a name="FNanchor_97_97" id="FNanchor_97_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_97_97" class="fnanchor">[97]</a>; +but was one of the antient aids due to the +King from his subjects, and having lain +dormant many years, was now revived, but +not introduced otherwise, than that Henry +happened to be the first King, of the Norman +race, who married his eldest daughter. In<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> +this he might be justifiable enough; but then +he seems to have laid the tax at a prodigious +high rate, for it is said, by some calculations, +to have amounted to upwards of 800,000<em>l.</em> +sterling. Among other things, Henry was +very attentive to the reformation of abuses +and irregularities that had crept into the +<em>Court</em> during the Reign of his Brother.</p> + +<p>The accounts given of William's Court are +surprizing for that age, when one would suppose +our ancestors to have been rough and +unpolished, little addicted to the softer vices, +and totally unacquainted with the effeminacies +of succeeding times; but we find that, +notwithstanding men's minds were then so +much turned to war and athletic diversions, +excess and sensuality prevailed in a very +scandalous manner among the Nobility, and +even among the Clergy. Vanity, lust, and +intemperance, reigned through the whole +kingdom. The men appeared so effeminate +in their dress and manners, that they shewed +themselves men in nothing but their attempts +upon the chastity of women<a name="FNanchor_98_98" id="FNanchor_98_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_98_98" class="fnanchor">[98]</a>. So William<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> +of Malmsbury, speaking of the effeminacy of +William Rufus's Court, says, "Mollitie corporis +certare cum fœminis—gressum frangere—gestu +soluto—et latere nudo incedere, +Adolescentium specimen erat: enerves—emolliti—expugnatores +alienæ pudicitiæ, prodigi +suæ." By many evidences it appears +that a luxury in apparel was very general +among the Nobles and Gentry of that age; +even the Nuns were not free from it.</p> + +<p>The garments of the English, before their +intermixture with the Normans, were generally +plain; but they soon adopted the fashions +of these new-comers, and became as magnificent +in their dress as their fortunes could +bear<a name="FNanchor_99_99" id="FNanchor_99_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_99_99" class="fnanchor">[99]</a>. So that we see the French have, +ever since the Conquest, been the standard +of the English dress; and though we often +complain of the folly of our times, in adopting +French modes, it appears to be a practice +that has existed time immemorial. Lord +Lyttelton informs us (from Ordericus Vitalis) +that there was a revolution in dress in William +Rufus's reign, not only in England,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span> +but in all the Western parts of Europe; and +that, instead of close coats, which till then +had been used, as most commodious for exercise +and a military life, trailing garments +with long sleeves, after the manner of the +Asiaticks, were universally worn. The men +were also very nice in curling and dividing +their hair, which, on the fore-part of their +heads, was suffered to grow very long, but cut +short behind<a name="FNanchor_100_100" id="FNanchor_100_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_100_100" class="fnanchor">[100]</a>;—a style of head-dressing, +which, if introduced now, would spoil all the +<em>Macaroni's</em> of the age; for their comfort, however, +it may be inferred from hence that similar +beings have long subsisted in some shape +or other.</p> + +<p>To return to Henry. We find the reformation +of his <em>Court</em> was one of the first steps +towards ingratiating himself with his subjects. +The <em>Courtiers</em>, for the most part, sure of impunity, +were wont to tyrannize over the +people in a shameful manner. Not content +with every species of oppression, and of secretly +attempting the chastity of women, they +gloried in it publicly. To remedy these +disorders in his <em>Court</em>, Henry published a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span> +very severe edict against all offenders in general, +and particularly against <em>Adulterers</em>; +and such as abused their power by oppressing +the people, he ordered to be put to +death without mercy. Some who were already +notorious on that account were banished +the Court, among whom was Ranulph +Bishop of Durham, who was likewise +imprisoned by the advice of the great +Council of the Kingdom<a name="FNanchor_101_101" id="FNanchor_101_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_101_101" class="fnanchor">[101]</a>. This was in the +first year of Henry's Reign; but it had so +little effect, that five years afterwards we +find a <em>second</em> reformation; for, the former +proclamation being ineffectual, it was necessary +to publish another, with still greater +penalties; and this severity was unavoidably +necessary, to check the licentiousness that +had crept in, from the connivance which +offences of every kind had hitherto met with.</p> + +<p>Thus, we see, the dissoluteness of William +Rufus's Court did not die with him; nor is +it an easy thing to subdue so many-headed a +monster as Vice in power. When the Magnates +set bad examples in <em>Courts</em>, the inferior<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span> +Officers are always ready to ape them; +and crimes that in the commission are common +to all men very soon descend from the +<em>Prince</em> to the <em>Page</em>. In the King's progresses +during the late Reign, the <em>Court</em> and +its Followers committed many outrages of a +very serious nature, in places where they +lodged; such as extorting money from the +hosts who entertained them, and abusing the +chastity of women without restraint. But +now the grievance was become much worse; +for Henry's Attendants, in his progresses, +plundered every thing that came in their +way; so that the country was laid waste +wherever the King travelled; for which +reason people, when they knew of his approach, +left their houses, carrying away +what provisions they could, and sheltering +themselves in the woods and bye-places, +for fear their provisions should be taken +away by the King's Purveyors<a name="FNanchor_102_102" id="FNanchor_102_102"></a><a href="#Footnote_102_102" class="fnanchor">[102]</a>. These +things called loudly for redress: it was therefore +made public, by the King's command, +that whoever, belonging to the Court, spoiled<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span> +any goods of those who entertained them in +these progresses, or abused the persons of +their hosts, should, on proof, have their +eyes put out, or their hands and feet cut off<a name="FNanchor_103_103" id="FNanchor_103_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_103_103" class="fnanchor">[103]</a>. +To us these seem cruel and unwarrantable +punishments; but it must be remembered +that, at this day, punishments were not +prescribed, but arbitrary; there was no common +law, and but little statute-law, and nothing +to regulate the hand of Justice, which +was directed by caprice, and the temper of +the reigning King. Coiners of false money +were grown so numerous and bare-faced, +employed and even protected by the great +men about the Court, that this kind of imposition +on the publick became, among the rest, +an object of redress, and the penalty inflicted +was the loss of eyes and genitals.</p> + +<p>Taking the whole together, one must conclude +that the profligacy, and wanton cruelty, +of the King's <em>Suite</em> must have been very +enormous, to have required punishments so +repugnant to natural mercy;—but we can<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span> +but ill judge, at so distant a period, of the +necessity there might be for such severity.</p> + +<p>The Kings, in these ages, moved their +<em>Court</em> very frequently, and often to considerable +distances; and, as the state of the roads +would not permit them to travel far in a day, +they were forced to accommodate themselves +as well as they could at such houses +as lay convenient, there being then no receptacles +of a public nature. These motions +of so large a body of people, added to the +frequency of them, were often, of themselves, +very oppressive to the Yeomanry, who were +obliged to supply the Court with carts and +horses from place to place; and the abuse +the people sustained in this kind of Purveyance +was the occasion of edicts afterward +to restrain any from <em>taking carriages</em> from +the subject, for this purpose, except by the +persons authorized and appointed to the +office, who were called the King's <em>Cart-takers</em>, +a post which is now in being, though +out of use. But, although the Court was not +fixed in these times, yet the Kings generally<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span> +kept the Feast of Christmas in one place<a name="FNanchor_104_104" id="FNanchor_104_104"></a><a href="#Footnote_104_104" class="fnanchor">[104]</a>, +according to their liking or convenience. +The other Feasts they kept at different places,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span> +as it happened, they having Palaces almost at +every considerable place in the Kingdom, +<em>viz.</em> besides London and its environs, at +York, at Gloucester, Winchester, Salisbury, +Marlborough, Bath, Worcester, and many +other places, too numerous to mention <em>nominatim</em>. +The great Feasts (together with that +of St. George, after the institution of the +Order of the Garter,) were kept with great +solemnity, even so late as the Reign of King +... when the public observance of +them was dropped by the King and Court.</p> + +<p>Henry was not wanting in splendour and +magnificence on these occasions. Eadmerus, +speaking of one of them, and more might be +produced, says, "Rex Henricus [in Festivitate +Pentecostes] <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">curiam</i> suam Lundoniæ<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span> +in <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">magnâ</i> mundi <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">gloriâ</i>, et <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">diviti apparatu</i> +celebravit." Wherever the King kept his +Court, or indeed wherever he resided, <em>there</em> +was, of course, the general resort of all the +great men of the time, who brought with +them, no doubt, large retinues; and in so +great a concourse it is no wonder there should +be many disorderly and abandoned people, in +spite of all edicts and penalties.</p> + +<p>Hitherto I have met with very little mention +of any Officers of the <em>Court</em> or <em>Household</em>. +In this Reign, however, we hear of +William de Tankerville, whom Lord Lyttelton +calls, "Henry's <em>Great Chamberlain</em>." +The Annotator on M. Rapin calls him only +<em>Chamberlain</em>; and Matthew Paris, <em>Camerarius</em>; +but this unquestionably means <em>Treasurer</em>, +or <em>High Treasurer</em>, and not the great +Officer we now understand by the <em>Chamberlain</em>, +or the <em>Great Chamberlain</em>. The Latin +term for these is <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cambellanus</i>, which Du +Cange says, is—"diversus à <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Camerario</i>, penes +quem erat cura <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cameræ</i> seu Thesauri Regii—<em>Cambellano</em> +autem fuit cura <em>Cubiculi</em><a name="FNanchor_105_105" id="FNanchor_105_105"></a><a href="#Footnote_105_105" class="fnanchor">[105]</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span> +We have the term <em>Chamberlain</em>, in the sense +of <em>Camerarius</em>, still preserved in the City of +London, where the Treasurer is called the +<em>Chamberlain</em>, and the office the <em>Chamber</em>; +and indeed this Officer, of every Corporation, +is, for the most part, called the <em>Chamberlain</em>. +In the account given by the Saxon +Chronicle<a name="FNanchor_106_106" id="FNanchor_106_106"></a><a href="#Footnote_106_106" class="fnanchor">[106]</a> of the persons who were so unfortunately +drowned with Prince William, +King Henry's son, in returning from Normandy, +in the year 1120, it is said there perished +"quamplurimi de Regis familiâ, +<em>Dispensatores</em><a name="FNanchor_107_107" id="FNanchor_107_107"></a><a href="#Footnote_107_107" class="fnanchor">[107]</a>, <em>Cubicularii</em><a name="FNanchor_108_108" id="FNanchor_108_108"></a><a href="#Footnote_108_108" class="fnanchor">[108]</a>, <em>Pincernæ</em><a name="FNanchor_109_109" id="FNanchor_109_109"></a><a href="#Footnote_109_109" class="fnanchor">[109]</a>, +aliique Ministri;" indeed all who were on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span> +board perished, except one man. These, it +is supposed, were all menial and inferior +Officers of the King's Household; those of a +higher rank, and who appertained to the +King's person, probably being on board the +same ship with himself.</p> + + + +<hr class="chap" /> +<h2>STEPHEN.</h2> + + +<p>Stephen, at his accession, found in his +Uncle's Treasury upwards of 100,000<em>l.</em><a name="FNanchor_110_110" id="FNanchor_110_110"></a><a href="#Footnote_110_110" class="fnanchor">[110]</a> +besides plate and jewels, the fruits of Henry's +rapacity and oppression. As Stephen came +in upon a doubtful title, the people were +willing to take this opportunity of securing +themselves against future usurpations and +exactions; and accordingly, after some debate +about the succession, when Stephen +was placed on the throne, they imposed a +new oath upon their new King; which imported, +that he should fill the vacant Bishoprics, +that he should not seize the Woods<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> +which belonged to private persons, upon frivolous +pretences, as his Predecessors had +done; but be content with the Forests which +belonged to the two Williams, and make +restitution of such as Henry had usurped. +The Bishops, on the other hand, took a conditional +oath, that they would pay allegiance +no longer than he should continue to maintain +the privileges of the Church. All this, +and more, Stephen afterwards confirmed by +Charter; but yet it tended only to amuse the +people, till he was fully seated in his Throne, +and felt himself a King; for, not many +months after the signing the Charter, wherein +he particularly covenants not to meddle with +vacant Bishoprics, do we find that, upon the +death of the Archbishop, he seized the revenues +of the See of Canterbury, and kept them +in his hands above two years. It is true, he +only followed the examples of his Predecessors; +but with this aggravation, that +Stephen had given the most sacred engagements +that can be had between men, that he +would not intermeddle with the revenues of +the vacant Bishoprics, but that they should<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> +be sequestered in the hands of Ecclesiastics +till the vacancy was filled. No wonder then +that a King, with so little regard to every tie, +however sacred, should soon be involved in +tumultuous scenes of disaffection and revolt. +To heal this wound, and to buy off the reproaches +of his subjects (of whose assistance +he foresaw he should soon have occasion, in +growing ruptures with neighbouring Powers), +he not only became lavish of <em>titles</em> and <em>honours</em>, +but alienated many of the Crown +lands, to secure the interest of such as he +thought might be serviceable to him. But +this bounty had not the desired effect: some +who accepted his favours thought them no +more than their due; others, who were +passed by, became jealous, and thought themselves +neglected, and soon shewed their resentment, +which proved the source of the approaching +troubles. So difficult is it to regain +the lost esteem of a brave and spirited people!</p> + +<p>One very great error in the politics of the +preceding three Kings was, heaping favours +and honours on the Normans, to the exclusion +of the English; by which the affection<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> +of the Natives was warped, the natural security +of the Kingdom (the People) divided, +and their hearts turned against the King and +his Adherents. The filling the Court with +Normans, and lavishing honours and estates +amongst them, was weakening the attachment +of the English to such a degree, that it +became eventually out of the power of the +latter to support the Royal Family when it +wanted protection. Stephen, at his accession, +had made large promises to the Barons, to +engage them in support of his weak title to +the Throne; and had given them strong +assurances that they should enjoy more privileges +and offices under him, than they had +possessed in the Reigns of his Norman Predecessors. +These promises (which, perhaps, +were never intended to be performed) answered +Stephen's end, by securing to him +the Crown, and were the sole motive that +induced the Barons to concur so warmly in +his interest; and the non-performance was +the cause of the general revolt that happened +in a few years. From the time of Stephen's +accession, he had been perpetually reminded<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> +by his <em>Courtiers</em> of his large promises, which +he was forced to parry by other still larger +promises, and often by actual grants, to satisfy +those that were most importunate.</p> + +<p>Their private resentments were covered +with public outside<a name="FNanchor_111_111" id="FNanchor_111_111"></a><a href="#Footnote_111_111" class="fnanchor">[111]</a>; but most Writers agree +that this was only an ostensible excuse for an +opportunity to gratify their revenge; and +that the true reasons of discontent were, that +they did not receive rewards and emoluments +equal to their expectations, and Stephen's +promises. The greatest after-engagements +that the King could devise were not, however, +sufficient to secure the allegiance of his +Courtiers; every one was grasping at the +same posts, the same estates, the same honours. +Reason has little weight among such +claimants; and it is no wonder that the situation +of the parties should kindle a flame that +should spread itself over the whole Kingdom.</p> + +<p>During so turbulent a period, it is not to be +supposed that much attention should be paid +to the interior regulation of the King's House +or Household; it was probably as much distracted<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span> +as the rest of the Kingdom. The +King being obliged to fly about from place to +place, as the exigency of affairs required, +there was little time to study <em>State</em> and <em>Magnificence</em> +in his <em>Court</em>. In the former part +of Stephen's Reign his Court was extremely +magnificent, exceeding that of his Predecessors. +He held his Court at Easter, in the +first year of his Reign, at London, which +was the most splendid, in every respect, that +had yet been seen in England<a name="FNanchor_112_112" id="FNanchor_112_112"></a><a href="#Footnote_112_112" class="fnanchor">[112]</a>. One may +judge a little of the hospitality of the Court +in those days, by the manner of living among +the Nobility: for at this time, and many +ages after, the great halls of the castles or +principal manor-houses of the Nobility and +Gentry were crowded with vast numbers of +their vassals and tenants, who were daily fed +at their cost. And in houses of inferior rank, +upon occasions of feasting, the floor was +strewed with flowers, and the jovial company<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span> +drank wine out of gilded horns, and sang +songs when they became inebriated with +their liquor<a name="FNanchor_113_113" id="FNanchor_113_113"></a><a href="#Footnote_113_113" class="fnanchor">[113]</a>. This custom of strewing the +floor, in those days, was a part of the luxury +of the times; and <em>Becket</em>, when he was Chancellor, +in the next Reign, according to a contemporary +Author<a name="FNanchor_114_114" id="FNanchor_114_114"></a><a href="#Footnote_114_114" class="fnanchor">[114]</a>, ordered his hall to be +strewed every day, in the winter with fresh +straw or hay, and in summer with rushes, or +green leaves, fresh gathered; and this reason +is given for it, that such Knights as the +benches could not contain might sit on the +floor without dirtying their fine cloaths. But +even this rustic simplicity was mixed with +great magnificence in gold and silver plate<a name="FNanchor_115_115" id="FNanchor_115_115"></a><a href="#Footnote_115_115" class="fnanchor">[115]</a>. +This custom of strewing the rooms extended +to the apartments of the Kings themselves +in those days; for in the time of Edward I. +"Willielmus filius Willielmi de Aylesbury +tenet tres virgatas terræ ... per serjeantiam +inveniendi <em>stramen</em> ad straminandam cameram<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span> +Domini Regis in <em>Hyeme</em> et in <em>Æstate +Herbam</em> ad juncandam<a name="FNanchor_116_116" id="FNanchor_116_116"></a><a href="#Footnote_116_116" class="fnanchor">[116]</a> cameram suam<a name="FNanchor_117_117" id="FNanchor_117_117"></a><a href="#Footnote_117_117" class="fnanchor">[117]</a>." +It may be observed, further, that there is a +relique of this custom still subsisting; for at +Coronations the ground is strewed with +flowers by a person who is upon the establishment, +called the <em>Herb-strewer</em>, with +an annual salary.</p> + +<p>But the commotions of this Reign even +put a stop to these meetings of the Court and +Council<a name="FNanchor_118_118" id="FNanchor_118_118"></a><a href="#Footnote_118_118" class="fnanchor">[118]</a>, and all Royal magnificence was +broken down and defaced. Had it not been +for the turbulency of the times, Stephen +might doubtless have kept a very large Household, +and a splendid Court; for, added to the +wealth he inherited with the Crown from his +Predecessor, he had large revenues, derived +from different sources; <em>viz.</em> the demesnes of +the Crown, escheats, feudal profits from the +demesnes of others, fines, aids, and several +others; but the exigency of his affairs, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span> +the situation to which he was reduced with +his Barons, obliged him to give largely, and +at last to resume what he had before given, +the price of the dissembled affection of his +Courtiers.</p> + +<p>Stephen had liberality, and loved splendour; +so that, had he lived in times more favourable +to it, he would, probably, have shone +with great lustre in his <em>Court</em> and <em>Household</em>, +if we may take the Court which attended +him in his first year, and the magnificence +there exhibited, for a specimen.</p> + +<p>King Stephen, being a Foreigner, and an +Usurper, might not choose to ask <em>Aids</em> of the +people of England, and it does not appear +that he did. He had two sons, Eustace and +William, both of whom lived to be married, +and no doubt were <em>Knights</em>, which, according +to the complexion of the times, every +person of the least consequence was, though +these Princes do not appear to have received +that honour in England. King Stephen +was unpopular; and being embroiled in domestic +wars with his Cousin the Empress +Maud, made no demands of <em>aids</em> of this sort<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span> +of which we are speaking. His two elder +Sons died in his life-time; and his third, +William, was by Henry II. restored to his +titles of Earl of Bolleigne, Surrey, and Mortaine; +and dying without issue, was succeeded +by his sister Mary, who, after having been +Abbess of Ramsey, was married to the second +son of Theodoric, Earl of Flanders, +who, in her right, was Earl of Bolleigne.</p> + +<p>King Stephen, during the internal disquietudes +in the Kingdom, was taken prisoner +by <em>Maud</em>, the Empress, and afterwards +released at the suit of his Son <em>Eustace</em>. +It is not said that any sum of money was paid +on the occasion, and indeed it will admit of +a question whether the Norman <i>aid</i>, allowed +for ransom of the King's Person if taken +prisoner, would extend to such a domestic +war. The Kingdom was divided; and the +Title to the Crown suspended, and in such +an unquiet hour, it was difficult for the Nation +at large to refuse or comply.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>HENRY II. (<span class="smcap">Plantagenet.</span>)</h2> + + +<p>Henry at his Accession found himself so +contracted in his Royal Revenues, by the +imprudence of his immediate Predecessor, +Stephen, that some spirited measures became +necessary, to enable him to support his dignity +equal to the Sovereign of a great Kingdom, +and his own wishes.</p> + +<p>Henry soon saw that the resumption of +several grants made by Stephen was absolutely +necessary; and these having been conferred +on great and powerful men, the measure +must be conducted with firmness and +delicacy. In a Treaty made at Winchester, +after the close of the Civil Commotions in +the late Reign, after Stephen had contented +himself that Henry, then Duke of Normandy, +should assume the Rights and Power +of a King, reserving to himself only <em>the +Image of the Royal Dignity</em>, it was stipulated, +<em>inter alia</em>, by a separate and secret +article, that the King (Stephen) "should +resume what had been alienated to the Nobles,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span> +or usurped by them, of the Royal Demesne<a name="FNanchor_119_119" id="FNanchor_119_119"></a><a href="#Footnote_119_119" class="fnanchor">[119]</a>." +This article was limited to whatever +lands or possessions had belonged to +the Crown at the death of King Henry I.; +all which were to be restored, except those +that Stephen had granted to William his +Son, or had bestowed on the Church. Among +these resumable gifts were some made by +Matilda; for she too, acting as Sovereign, +had followed Stephen's example, in giving +away certain parts of the Estate of the +Crown, to reward her adherents. Add to +these, much that had been usurped by the +Barons of both Parties, without any warrant, +by the licence of the times, on unjustifiable +pretences<a name="FNanchor_120_120" id="FNanchor_120_120"></a><a href="#Footnote_120_120" class="fnanchor">[120]</a>. No article of the Treaty of +Winchester was more necessary to be fulfilled +than a resumption of all these alienations, +which had been neglected by Stephen, +indigent as he was; for, had this not been +now executed, Henry would have been little +better than Stephen, a Sovereign without a +Royal Revenue—"Rex et preterea nihil."—His +power would soon have vanished; and the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span> +Barons, having usurped the Crown Lands, +would very soon have contended for the Sovereign +Power: and had not Henry exerted +the spirit and conduct which he soon shewed, +it is more than probable the Government of +the Kingdom at this period had sunk into an +Aristocracy. Henry, therefore, as soon as he +was well and fully confirmed on the Throne, +set about the execution of this secret article +of the Treaty of Winchester, relating to the +alienated lands, which Stephen had neglected. +The necessity of this measure, however arduous +and disagreeable in itself, appeared +in the most glaring colours to Henry; for +Stephen's extravagance, and the insatiable +demands of his faction, had induced him to +alienate so much of the ancient Demesne of +the Crown, that the remaining Estate was +not (as has been said) sufficient to maintain +the Royal Dignity. Royal Cities, and Forts +of great consequence, had been also granted +away, which could not be suffered to continue +in the hands of the Nobles, without +endangering the peace of the Kingdom. +Policy and Law concurred in demanding these +concessions back again. The Antient Demesne<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span> +of the Crown was held so very sacred, +and so inalienable, that no length of time +could give a right of prescription to any other +possessors, even by virtue of grants from the +Crown, against the claim of succeeding +Princes<a name="FNanchor_121_121" id="FNanchor_121_121"></a><a href="#Footnote_121_121" class="fnanchor">[121]</a>. William Rufus made grants, and +revoked them at pleasure, to supply his extravagance +and ridiculous humour. This was +base and unmanly. Henry's resumptions neither +impeached his generosity nor his justice. +The grants he reclaimed were such as sound +policy and the exigencies of the State demanded, +being made by a weak Prince in +embarrassed situations; as they were all of +no earlier date than the Reign of King Stephen, +and had not been transmitted down +through several generations. Foreseeing, +however, that this step would raise much +discontent in those who were to be affected +by it, who were numerous and powerful, +Henry was cautious not to act without a legal +sanction, and the approbation of his Council. +He therefore summoned a Parliament, wherein +almost all his Nobles were present; and having +properly laid before them the wants of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> +the Crown, the losses it had suffered, the +illegality of the grants, and the urgent necessity +of a speedy resumption; obtained +their concurrence to it, and proceeded to put +it into immediate execution. The vigour of +his government was such, that he met with +less opposition than he had reason to expect; +very near all that had been granted to Laymen, +or usurped by them, from the Royal +Demesne, was surrendered to him without +bloodshed, after a little delay, and some ineffectual +marks of reluctance in a few of the +greatest Barons<a name="FNanchor_122_122" id="FNanchor_122_122"></a><a href="#Footnote_122_122" class="fnanchor">[122]</a>. The cause assigned for +these resumptions was not a defect in the +title of the grantor, nor any unworthiness in +the grantee, but the apparent and indispensable +necessity of recovering the just and +inseparable Rights of the Crown. No distinction +was made between the grants of Stephen +and Matilda; for that would have carried +an appearance of Henry's acting from +motives, not of Royal economy and public +expediency, but of party revenge; and by +this equal and impartial proceeding, he left +the adherents of Stephen no reason to complain.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> +In the course of this business, however, +Henry was once very near losing his +life; for Roger de Mortimer would not submit, +which obliged Henry, incensed by his +obstinacy, to lead an army against him, with +which he assaulted, among others, the castle +of Bridgnorth, in Shropshire, which was +defended by Mortimer himself. Henry commanded +in person, and exposed himself to +so much danger, that he would have been +infallibly slain, if a faithful vassal (Hubert +de St. Clare<a name="FNanchor_123_123" id="FNanchor_123_123"></a><a href="#Footnote_123_123" class="fnanchor">[123]</a>) who stood by his side, had +not preferred the King's life to his own; for, +seeing an arrow aimed at Henry by one of +Mortimer's archers, he stepped before him, +and received it in his own breast. The wound +proved mortal, and he expired in Henry's +arms; recommending his daughter, an only +child, and an infant, to the care of that +Prince<a name="FNanchor_124_124" id="FNanchor_124_124"></a><a href="#Footnote_124_124" class="fnanchor">[124]</a>. It is hard to say which deserves +the most admiration (continues my Noble<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> +Author<a name="FNanchor_125_125" id="FNanchor_125_125"></a><a href="#Footnote_125_125" class="fnanchor">[125]</a>) a subject who died to save his +King, or a King whose personal virtues +could render his safety so dear to a subject +whom he had not obliged by any extraordinary +favours<a name="FNanchor_126_126" id="FNanchor_126_126"></a><a href="#Footnote_126_126" class="fnanchor">[126]</a>.</p> + +<p>Henry, now firmly seated on his Throne, +possessed of an ample Royal Revenue, confirmed +the Charter of his Grandfather, +Henry I; but, not content only to restore +good Laws, he enforced a due execution of +them. This Reign is so pregnant with interesting +events, and shining transactions of +a public nature, that it is no wonder Historians +are silent as to lesser matters, such +as the internal direction of his <em>Court</em>; but +there is, I think, little question to be made +but that it was magnificent; and as England +became in his Reign one of the most powerful<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> +States in Europe, one would infer that his +<em>Court</em> was likewise equal (at least) to any +other in dignity and splendour. He entertained +at one time, in his Palace at Westminster, +the several Ambassadors of Manuel, +Emperor of Constantinople; of Frederic, +Emperor of the Romans; of William, Archbishop +of Triers; of the Duke of Saxony; +and of Philip, Earl of Flanders: an uncommon +resort in these days, who, doubtless, +were attracted by the power of the King, +and both received from, and added, lustre +to the brilliancy and magnificence of his +Court<a name="FNanchor_127_127" id="FNanchor_127_127"></a><a href="#Footnote_127_127" class="fnanchor">[127]</a>.</p> + +<p>Lord Lyttelton, after giving an account +of his person and temper, speaking of his +munificence, says, he assigned the tenth part +of the Provisions of his <em>Household</em> to be constantly +given in daily alms to the poor; which +one must imagine to have been a very considerable +donation, considering the hospitable +manner of living in those days. "His own +table (continues his Lordship) was frugal, +his diet plain, and in his dress he affected the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span> +utmost simplicity, disliking all ornaments +which might encumber him in his exercise, +or shew an effeminate regard to his person." +He introduced the Angevin fashion of wearing +short cloaks or mantles (contrary to the +mode that prevailed in William Rufus's +Reign), which he himself had worn from his +childhood, and from which he obtained the +sobriquet, or nick-name, of Court-Mantle<a name="FNanchor_128_128" id="FNanchor_128_128"></a><a href="#Footnote_128_128" class="fnanchor">[128]</a>. +In this he would soon be followed by his +Court, and the People; for it is every day +seen how fast the fashions of the Great +descend into the remotest parts of the Kingdom. +Lord Lyttelton, however, observes, +that the long garments introduced temp. +Will. Rufus, were not wholly laid aside; so +that Henry's fashion did not prevail universally<a name="FNanchor_129_129" id="FNanchor_129_129"></a><a href="#Footnote_129_129" class="fnanchor">[129]</a>. +The use of silk made by silk-worms +(the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Bombycina</i>) was brought hither +from Sicily about this time; there was also a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> +costly stuff at this day in great request here, +called in Latin <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aurifrisium</i>. What it was +called in English, Mr. Camden declares himself +ignorant<a name="FNanchor_130_130" id="FNanchor_130_130"></a><a href="#Footnote_130_130" class="fnanchor">[130]</a>; but supposes it <em>not</em> to mean +Embroidery, although, by other testimonies, +<em>that</em> was much worn by the Nobility, and was +termed in Latin <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Opera Phrigia</i>, and the +corruption seems very easy and allowable. +"Whatever it was," says he, "it was much +desired by the Popes, and highly esteemed +in Italy."</p> + +<p>Hitherto I have not been able to learn any +thing concerning Henry's <em>Household</em>, or the +internal disposition of his Family. He appears +himself to have lived in a great degree +of familiarity with his Courtiers, whom he +honoured with his intimacy; and would frequently +unbend, and lay aside the King, and +was fond of the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">desipere in loco</i>. But "his +good humour and jocularity," says Lord Lyttelton, +"seems to have been sometimes too +<em>playful in the eye of the public</em>; and to +have carried him into things that were <i>infra dignitatem</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span> +<a name="FNanchor_131_131" id="FNanchor_131_131"></a><a href="#Footnote_131_131" class="fnanchor">[131]</a>." In a note on this passage, +his Lordship gives a pleasant story, which I +shall relate, to relieve the Reader, and certainly +cannot do it better than in his Lordship's +own words, from Fitz-Stephen's Life +of Archbishop Becket. "As the King and +Becket, his Chancellor<a name="FNanchor_132_132" id="FNanchor_132_132"></a><a href="#Footnote_132_132" class="fnanchor">[132]</a>, were riding together +through the streets of London, in cold +and stormy weather, the King saw, coming +towards them, a poor old man, in a thin +coat, worn to tatters. Would it not be a +great charity (said he to the Chancellor) to +give this naked wretch, who is so needy and +infirm, a good warm cloak? Certainly, answered +that Minister; and you do the duty of +a King, in turning your eyes and thoughts to +such objects. While they were thus talking, +the man came near; the King asked him if +he wished to have a good cloak? and, turning +to the Chancellor, said,—<em>You shall have +the merit of this good deed of charity</em>; then +suddenly laying hold on a fine new scarlet +cloak, lined with fur, which Becket had on,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span> +he tried to pull it from him, and, after some +struggle, in which they had both like to have +fallen from their horses, prevailed. The poor +man had the cloak, and the Courtiers laughed, +like good Courtiers, at the pleasantry of the +King<a name="FNanchor_133_133" id="FNanchor_133_133"></a><a href="#Footnote_133_133" class="fnanchor">[133]</a>."</p> + +<p>King Henry II. in the early part of his +life, was in a very doubtful situation with regard +to his accession to the Crown of England, +which depended upon the success of +his Mother, the Empress, against the Usurper, +King Stephen. As soon, however, as he attained +his <em>sixteenth</em> year, A. D. 1149, he +came over into England; and at Carlisle, +where his Great Uncle David, King of Scots, +then lay, was by him made a Knight, among +several others of equal age, at the feast of +Pentecost<a name="FNanchor_134_134" id="FNanchor_134_134"></a><a href="#Footnote_134_134" class="fnanchor">[134]</a>, and for which no <em>Aid</em> could be +demanded.</p> + +<p>His issue, which is all that concerns the +matter before us, consisted of four Sons: +Henry, Richard, Geoffrey, and John; and +three Daughters, Maud, Alianor, and Joan.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span></p> + +<p>It is difficult, in a Reign where the subjects +were so loaded with taxations of every +kind, and so generally and indiscriminately +imposed, to separate any particular charge +from the aggregate. Henry was a Prince +that would not forego his rights and privileges; +and, as his Children were all natives +of England, would doubtless avail himself +of such laws and indulgences as he found +established, and as would operate in his +favour on their account. It does not appear, +upon the face of common history, that any +<em>Aid</em> was paid for the <em>Knighthood</em> of his +eldest Son, though I have not the least doubt +but that it was comprehended in some of +those numerous subsidies, tallages, &c. which +he levied, from time to time, on his subjects, +for his transfretations (to use a Monkish +word) into foreign parts. There is some +ground for the surmise that the charge might +be enveloped in some of those exactions; for, +though there was a national contribution or +<em>Aid</em> demanded for the marriage of one of his +daughters, yet it does not transpire but in a +general Inquisition for the purpose of discoverig<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span> +what monies had been received, in +every County, by the Sheriffs, &c. This was +effected by Itinerant Justices, who were dispatched +over the whole Kingdom; and, +among other articles contained in their general +commission, they were directed to inquire—"concerning +the <em>Aid</em> to marry the +King's Daughter, what was received in +every hundred, in every township, and of +every man, and who received it<a name="FNanchor_135_135" id="FNanchor_135_135"></a><a href="#Footnote_135_135" class="fnanchor">[135]</a>." This +took place in the year 1170, in the sixteenth +year of the King's Reign.</p> + +<p>With regard to this King's <em>transfretations</em>, +as I have called them, he was not contented +with mere feudal contributions in lieu of personal +service; but, upon a rupture with +France, respecting settlements upon an intended +marriage between two Sons of Henry +(Henry, the then eldest, and Richard, the +then second Son) with two Daughters of +France; the King commanded all his <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Tenants +in capite</i>, Earls, Barons, and Knights, to attend +him in person, properly prepared with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> +horse and arms, who were to serve a whole +year in Normandy at their own charge<a name="FNanchor_136_136" id="FNanchor_136_136"></a><a href="#Footnote_136_136" class="fnanchor">[136]</a>.</p> + +<p>To conclude all I have to observe upon the +subject of exactions towards the King's expences +in foreign wars, when he passed +<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">outre-mer</i>; I can but remark one, which fell +not a little heavy on the subject, imputable +indeed to the religious frenzy of the times, +which was occasioned by a joint resolution of +<i>Henry of England</i> and <i>Philip of France</i> +to go to the relief of <em>Jerusalem</em>, in what is +known by the name of the <em>Holy War</em>. These +levies were made in the most oppressive +manner; every one who <em>did not</em> go in person +being taxed to the extent of his property +real and personal; and this was not +called an <em>Aid</em>, a <em>Subsidy</em>, or a <em>Tallage</em>, but +(forsooth!) an <span class="smcap">Alms</span><a name="FNanchor_137_137" id="FNanchor_137_137"></a><a href="#Footnote_137_137" class="fnanchor">[137]</a>. It ought not to +be forgotten that those who <em>did</em> go, whether +Clerk or Layman, were to have a free pardon +of all sins repented of; and their securities +were God, St. Peter, St. Paul, and the Pope<a name="FNanchor_138_138" id="FNanchor_138_138"></a><a href="#Footnote_138_138" class="fnanchor">[138]</a>.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span></p> + + +<h2>RICHARD I.</h2> + + +<p>The following Reign is too full of the +business of the Holy War, with which +Richard was, above all men, most infatuated, +to afford much matter for our purpose. +Henry had, by the good government and direction +of his revenues, left behind him great +treasures; but these, or ten times as much, +would not answer the purpose of his Successor, +who ransacked every corner of his +Kingdom for money to carry on this work of +zeal, which had seized all Christendom, +whereby Richard, on the Throne of a great +and opulent Kingdom, thought he saw so +fair a prospect of reaping honour and renown.</p> + +<p>Henry left in his treasury at Winchester +more than nine hundred thousand pounds<a name="FNanchor_139_139" id="FNanchor_139_139"></a><a href="#Footnote_139_139" class="fnanchor">[139]</a>, +besides jewels, and other valuable things<a name="FNanchor_140_140" id="FNanchor_140_140"></a><a href="#Footnote_140_140" class="fnanchor">[140]</a>; +but this would go but a very little way towards +recovering Jerusalem, which had been<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> +taken, and was now in the hands of the +Saracens. Before the death of Henry, Richard +had bound himself in a vow to Philip of +France, to join in this undertaking; and +every one, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">ad Regis exemplum</i>, strove either +to go in person, or to supply money towards +the expence of the expedition. Nothing, +however sacred, could withstand Richard, in +his schemes to raise money for this purpose. +Most of the Crown lands which Henry had, +with so much prudence and address, but a +few years before, recovered out of private +hands, and annexed to the State, were again +put up to public sale, to be purchased by +such as were able. Every expedient was devised, +to create a fund for this enterprize; and +among the rest, he obtained of the Pope a +power to dispense with the vows of such who +had rashly engaged in the Crusade, by which +he raised very large sums. The Bishop of +Norwich paid him 1000 marks, to be excused. +Where he could, he borrowed; and where +he could not borrow, he compelled. The +people murmured at his oppression, and the +alienation of the estates of the Crown; but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span> +Richard told them, <em>he would sell London itself, +if he could meet with a purchaser</em>. So +great, however, was the general infatuation, +that he had less difficulty in raising men than +money. The Clergy laboured as zealously to +procure him soldiers, as he himself had been +active in raising subsidies; his army soon +became very numerous, and at a cheap rate, +for every officer and private soldier provided +himself with necessaries. One would +think the great wealth that Richard had +amassed would have answered all his purposes; +but in a few years after, he had occasion +for fresh supplies, to carry on a war +with Philip of France; not to mention the +ransom which was paid for his release, on +his being taken prisoner by the Emperor +Henry, amounting to 150,000 marks, which +were raised for the occasion by his subjects in +England. Philip of France had so maltreated +Richard, by leaguing himself with his +Brother John, and bribing the Emperor to +detain him prisoner, that, as soon as Richard +returned home, he could no longer deny himself +the satisfaction of revenge. His Kingdom<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> +was already drained, and little able to +furnish out supplies for a war with France; +but Richard was resolved, and money must +be had at any rate, let the means be ever so +dishonourable. For this purpose he revoked +all the grants of the Crown lands, which he +had made before his expedition to Palestine. +The pretext for this was, that the purchasers +had enjoyed them long enough to re-imburse +themselves out of the profits, and therefore +he did them no injury by taking the lands +back again. This was one device; the next +was, to avail himself of the loss of the Great +Seal, by ordering a new one to be made; and +obliged all who had commissions under the +old one, to renew them, and have them resealed, +by which he must have raised a considerable +sum<a name="FNanchor_141_141" id="FNanchor_141_141"></a><a href="#Footnote_141_141" class="fnanchor">[141]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span></p> + +<p>King Richard I. having no child of either +sex, there was not an opening for demanding +the two common <em>Aids</em>; but the third, in the +order they are usually placed, <em>viz.</em> for the +<em>ransom</em> of the <em>King's Person</em>, was exercised +for the first time in this Reign. Other +taxations, heavy and enormous, on frivolous +and nugatory occasions, not to our immediate +purpose, were copiously extorted from +the subject, and even in a shameful manner<a name="FNanchor_142_142" id="FNanchor_142_142"></a><a href="#Footnote_142_142" class="fnanchor">[142]</a>. +If ever the Latin adage, "Quicquid delirant +Reges," &c. could be properly applied, it belonged +to Richard.</p> + +<p>The favourite system of this King was the +<em>Holy-War</em>, and his intemperate zeal led to +the point before us. Failing in the attempt +to recover Jerusalem from the Saracens, he +concluded a truce of three years with Saladan +their King; and, on his return towards England +through Germany, was made prisoner +by the Arch-duke of Austria (upon a pretext +that he had killed the Margrave Conrade at +Tyre); who delivered him into the hands of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span> +the Emperor, where he remained a captive +full <em>fifteen months</em>, till he was ransomed<a name="FNanchor_143_143" id="FNanchor_143_143"></a><a href="#Footnote_143_143" class="fnanchor">[143]</a>.</p> + +<p>The sum demanded for the King's release +is generally allowed to have been 100,000<em>l.</em>; +though some writers reduce it a third part, +and call it 100,000 <em>marks</em>; but, let it be +either of them, it was, in those days, a sum +not to be raised without the greatest extortion; +and I am justified in saying, it was +not done without what, eventually, almost +amounted to <em>sacrilege</em><a name="FNanchor_144_144" id="FNanchor_144_144"></a><a href="#Footnote_144_144" class="fnanchor">[144]</a>. The church was +ransacked for plate, which was pretended to +have been only borrowed for the moment—but +the debt was never repaid.</p> + + + +<hr class="chap" /> +<h2>HENRY IV.</h2> + + +<p>In the eleventh year of King Henry IV. a +certain portion of the customs in the several +ports, of subsidies in several ports, of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span> +issues of the hamper [now the Hanaper], and +of the profers [<em>sic</em>] of escheators and sheriffs, +were, by the King's letters patent, set apart +for the expences of his Household. This was +done by the assent of the Lords Spiritual +and Temporal, assembled in the King's +Council<a name="FNanchor_145_145" id="FNanchor_145_145"></a><a href="#Footnote_145_145" class="fnanchor">[145]</a>.</p> + + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<h2>EDWARD IV.</h2> + + +<p>In the Reign also of King Edward IV. +it was usual for the King to grant to his +servants, or ministers, assignments for their +salaries, or debts, upon divers officers who +were concerned in receiving his revenue; <em>viz.</em> +upon Sheriffs of Counties, Bailiffs, or <em>Men</em> +[fortè Mayors] of Towns, Collectors of Customs, +Subsidies, &c. Upon these assignments +the Assignees had Patent-Letters, Tallies +of the Exchequer, or Writs of Liberate +currant, made forth for their avail; and, in +default of payment, they brought actions of +debt in the Court of Exchequer, upon such<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span> +Assignments, Tallies, or Liberates, against +the Sheriffs, or other Officers aforesaid; +many instances of which may be seen in the +fifth year of King Edward IV. in the Placita +coram Baronibus, 5 Edward IV. in the Rolls +of the Exchequer<a name="FNanchor_146_146" id="FNanchor_146_146"></a><a href="#Footnote_146_146" class="fnanchor">[146]</a>.</p> + +<p>The King was wont to distribute his revenue +in such manner as he thought fit. He +assigned, at his pleasure, part of it to the +expences of his Household, and other parts +to the expences of either civil government or +war<a name="FNanchor_147_147" id="FNanchor_147_147"></a><a href="#Footnote_147_147" class="fnanchor">[147]</a>.</p> + +<p>An act done within the verge of the King's +Palace was said to be done in <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">præsentiâ +Regis</i>. The party offending was tried in the +Court held in the Palace, before the Steward +and Marshal; and the proceedings +there, were styled <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Placita Aulæ Domini Regis +de Coronâ</i><a name="FNanchor_148_148" id="FNanchor_148_148"></a><a href="#Footnote_148_148" class="fnanchor">[148]</a>.</p> + + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span></p> + + + +<h2>EXTRACTS<br /> + +<small>FROM THE</small><br /> + +LIBER NIGER.</h2> + + +<p>The Liber Niger Domûs Regis Angliæ<a name="FNanchor_149_149" id="FNanchor_149_149"></a><a href="#Footnote_149_149" class="fnanchor">[149]</a> +[<em>i. e.</em> Edward IV.] contains Orders for his +said Majesty's Household, anno 1478; and +relates to the following Officers:</p> + +<p class="noind"> +A Chamberlain.<br /> +Bannerets, or Bachelor Knights, to be Carvers and Cup-bearers (four).<br /> +Knights of Household (twelve) to do the Office of Ewerers.<br /> +A Secretary.<br /> +Chaplains (four).<br /> +Esquires for the Body (four).<br /> +A Sewer for the King.<br /> +Surveyor for the King, <em>i. e.</em> of the Dresser.<br /> +Wardrobe.<br /> +Gentlemen Ushers of Chamber (four).<br /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span>Yeomen of the Crown (twenty-four).<br /> +Yeomen of Chamber (four).<br /> +Wardrobe of Robes.<br /> +Wardrobe of Beds.<br /> +Grooms of Chamber (ten).<br /> +Pages of Chamber (four).<br /> +Jewel-house.<br /> +Doctor of Physic.<br /> +Master Surgeon.<br /> +Apothecary.<br /> +Barber.<br /> +Henxmen. Six Infants.<br /> +Master of the Henchmen.<br /> +Squires of Household.<br /> +Kings of Arms, Heralds, and Pursuivants.<br /> +Serjeants at Arms (four).<br /> +Minstrels (thirteen).<br /> +A Wayte. N. B. This Yeoman (for such<br /> + was his rank) waiteth (<em>i. e.</em> playeth; I<br /> + suppose) at the making of Knights of<br /> + the Bath, watching upon them by night-time<br /> + in the Chapel. Wherefore he hath<br /> + of fee all the watching cloathing that<br /> + the Knights should wear upon [them.]<br /> +Messagers (four).<br /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span>Dean of the Chapel.<br /> +Chaplains, and Clerks of the Chapel (twenty-six).<br /> +Yeomen of the Chapel (two).<br /> +Children of the Chapel (eight).<br /> +Clerk of the Closet.<br /> +Master of Grammar, to teach the Henxmen and Children of the Chapel.<br /> +Office of Vestiary, <em>i. e.</em> Vestry.<br /> +Clerk of Crown in Chancery.<br /> +Clerk of the Market.<br /> +Clerk of the Works.<br /> +Marriage of Wards.<br /> +Steward of Household.<br /> +Treasurer of Household.<br /> +Controller of Household.<br /> +Cofferer.<br /> +Clerks of Green Cloth.<br /> +</p> + +<p class="center">————</p> + +<h2>EXTRACTS FROM THE LIBER NIGER.</h2> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Knights and Esquires of the Body.</span></p> + +<p>Item, that all Knights for the Body, Cup-Bearers, +and Knight Carvers, Squires for the +Body, &c. be put to their attendance, and a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span> +book thereof delivered from the King's Highness +into the compting-house, for a quarter +of a year; the quarters to begin at October, +January, April, and July.</p> + +<p>Among the provisions, it is said</p> + +<p><em>Knights of the Body</em>, Carvers, and Cup-Bearers, +[may have] every of them, <em>two</em> +Yeomen sitting in the hall; and for their +livery at night, <em>one</em> loaf and <em>an half</em>, and <em>a</em> +gallon of ale; <em>one</em> talshed and an <em>half</em>, and +<em>three</em> sizes of white lights<a name="FNanchor_150_150" id="FNanchor_150_150"></a><a href="#Footnote_150_150" class="fnanchor">[150]</a>.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Gentleman Usher.</span></h3> + +<p>Item, that the Marshall, ne Usher of the +Chamber, send his <em>rod</em> by any mean person +or persons, to pantry, buttery, or cellar, +spicery, chaundry, or any other office; but +go in his own person. But if he be occupied, +so that he may not, then he send such +one with his <em>rod</em>, as he will answer for on the +morrow, and also that he will breve for, upon +pain of six days wages.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span></p> + +<p>Item, that weekly there be warned and appointed +by the Huishiers [Ushers] of the +Chamber, [those] who shall attend and +serve the King for the week next following, +that is to say, Carvers, Sewers, Cup-Bearers, +<em>Squires for the Bod</em>y, and others.</p> + +<p>Item, that every Lord, Knight, and Esquire, +as well <em>Squire for the Body</em>, as other +within the Household, wear daily a collar of +the King's livery about their <em>nekket</em> (sic) as +to them appertaineth, and that none of the +said Squires fail hereof, upon pain of losing a +week's wages.</p> + +<p>Item, that the liveries for <em>All-night</em>, for +the King and Queen be set by day-light, +from Candlemas to Michaelmas; and in the +winter time, to eight of the clock at farthest.</p> + +<p>Item, after the King and Queen's liveries +delivered as aforesaid, no officer abide in his +office, nor resort unto his said office after +his departing, without a special commandment +of the King or of the Queen; or else +by special token from the Steward of the +Household, or from the King or Queen's +Chamberlains.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span></p> + +<p class="center">Punishment for neglect of Duty.</p> + +<p>For the first offence, the party to be +warned to amend.</p> + +<p>For the second offence, imprisonment at +the discretion of his Superior.</p> + +<p>And for the third offence, a discharge from +his office<a name="FNanchor_151_151" id="FNanchor_151_151"></a><a href="#Footnote_151_151" class="fnanchor">[151]</a>.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Great Chamberlain of England</span>,</h3> + +<p>cometh to this Court at the six principal +feasts of the year; takes such livery and service +after the estate he is of; and for his winter +and summer robes, for the feasts of Christmas +and Whitsuntide, to be taken of the +counting-house by even portions, ten pounds +thirteen shillings and four pence; and for his +fee of the King's Household, at the two +terms of Easter and Michaelmas, by even +portions, twenty marks in the counting-house.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span></p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Knights of Household</span><a name="FNanchor_152_152" id="FNanchor_152_152"></a><a href="#Footnote_152_152" class="fnanchor">[152]</a>.</h3> + +<p>Twelve Bachelors, sufficient and most valiant +men of that order, of every Country, +and more in number if it please the King, +whereof <em>four</em> to be continually abiding and +attending upon the King's Person in Court, +beside the Carvers abovesaid, for to serve the +King of his bason, or such other service as +they may do the King, in absence of the +Carvers, sitting in the King's Chamber and +Hall with persons of like service; every of +them have eating in the hall one Yeoman, +and taking for his chamber, at noon and +night, one loaf, one quart of wine, one gallon +of ale, one pitcher of wine, one candle +wax, two candles pis, one tallwood and an +half, for winter livery, from All-Hallowen-tide +till Easter: rushes and litter all the year, +of the Serjeant Usher, and for keeping of their +stuff and Chamber, and to purvey for their +stuff. Also at their livery in the Country, +amongst them all, four Yeomen, after time<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span> +eight of these Knights be departed from +Court, and the four Yeomen to eat daily in +the hall with Chamberlains, till their said +Masters come again; so that the number of +Knights' servants be not increased when +their Masters be present. Every Knight +shall have into this Court resorting, <em>three</em> +persons, Waiters; the remanent of their servants +to be at their livery in the Country, +within seven miles to [of] the King, by the +Herbergers sufficiently lodged; and, if it may +be, <em>two</em> Knights together. Also they pay, +in this Court, for the carriage of their own +stuff. And if a Knight take clothing, it is +by warrant made to the King's Wardrober, +and not of the Treasurer of Household. Some +time Knights took a fee here yearly, of <em>ten</em> +marks, and clothing; but because<a name="FNanchor_153_153" id="FNanchor_153_153"></a><a href="#Footnote_153_153" class="fnanchor">[153]</a> their +clothing is not according for the King's +Knights, therefore it was left.</p> + +<p>Item, if he be sick, or specially let blood, +or clystered, then he taketh livery, <em>four</em> +loaves, <em>two</em> mess of great meat and roast, +half a pitcher of wine, <em>two</em> gallons of ale.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span> +This letting blood, or clystering, is to avoid +pestilence; and therefore the people take +livery out of the Court, and not for every sickness +in man continuing in this Court.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Esquires for the Body.</span></h3> + +<p><em>Four</em> Noble, of condition, whereof always +two be attendant on the King's person, to +array him, and unarray him; watch day and +night; and to dress him in his cloaths. +And they be callers to the Chamberlaine, if +any thing lack for his person or pleasance. +Their business is in many <em>secrets</em>, some sitting +in the King's chamber, some in the +hall with persons of like service, which is +called <em>Knight's service</em>. Taking, every of +them, for his livery at night, half a chet +loaf, one quart of wine, one gallon of ale; +and for winter livery, from All-Hallowtide +till Easter, one <em>percher</em> wax, one candle wax, +two candles pric.<a name="FNanchor_154_154" id="FNanchor_154_154"></a><a href="#Footnote_154_154" class="fnanchor">[154]</a> one talshide and an half, +and wages in the compting-house. If he be +present in the Court daily, seven-pence halfpenny; +and cloathing with the Household,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span> +winter and summer, or else forty shillings, +besides his other fee of the Jewel-house, or +of the Treasurer of England; and besides +his watching cloathing of Chamber of the +King's Wardrobe. He hath, abiding in this +Court, but two servants; livery sufficient for +his horses in the country, by the Herberger. +And if any Esquire be let blood, or else fore-watched, +he shall have like livery with +Knights. Litter and rushes all the year, of +the Serjeant Usher of the Hall and Chamber. +Oftentimes these stand instead of Carvers and +Cup-bearers.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="center"><em>In the "Statutes of Eltham."</em></p> + +<p>Esquires of the Body, every of them, to +have ordinary within the Court <em>four</em> persons, +of the which to have sitting in the Hall two +persons, and the residue <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">ut supra</i> [<em>i. e.</em> to +have no meat or drink within the House, but +to be at board wages in the town]; and for +their bouche of Court, every of them to have +for their livery at night, one chet loaf, half a +pitcher of wine, and one gallon of ale, one<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span> +size wax, three white lights, two talsheds, +and two faggots.</p> + +<p>In the appointment of Herbagage be +ordinary for all Noble Estates, and others, +for stabling of their horses, and beds for their +servants, appointed by the King's Highness, +at his Manor of Eltham, the 19th of January, +in the 17th year of his Noble Reign.</p> + +<p>It is appointed to Knights for the Body, +and other Knights, <em>six</em> horses and <em>two</em> beds.</p> + +<p>To every Esquire for the Body, <em>five</em> horses +and two beds.</p> + +<p>[N. B. Every Gentleman Usher of the +Privy Chamber, whereof six, <em>six</em> horses and +<em>two</em> beds.</p> + +<p>Every Groom of the Privy Chamber, <em>two</em> +horses and <em>two</em> beds.</p> + +<p>Every Gentleman Usher Daily Waiter, +<em>three</em> horses and <em>one</em> bed.</p> + +<p>Every Gentleman Usher of the Privy +Chamber, <em>four</em> horses and <em>one</em> bed<a name="FNanchor_155_155" id="FNanchor_155_155"></a><a href="#Footnote_155_155" class="fnanchor">[155]</a>.]</p> + +<p>For the good order of the King's Chamber,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span> +it is said, the Pages of the King's Chamber +must daily arise at <em>seven</em> o'clock, or soon +after, and make a fire; and warn the Esquires +of the Body of that hour, to the intent they +may then arise, so as they may be ready, and +the King's Chamber dressed in every thing +as appertaineth, by <em>eight</em> of the clock at the +farthest.</p> + +<p>Item, that none of the servants of the said +Esquires come within the Pallet Chamber; +but be attendant at the door, as well at night +as in the morning, with such gear as their +Masters shall wear. And the said Pages, at +the request of the said Esquires, to fetch in, +and bear out, their night-gear, and all other +their apparel, and likewise to make them +ready, both at night and in the morning.</p> + +<p>Item, that, if the Esquires for the Body do +not arise at the warning of the Pages, so as +the King's Chamber may be ready and +dressed by the hour afore limited; that then +immediately the Pages are to shew the same +to the Lord Chamberlain.</p> + +<p>[In the appointment of Lodgings, is a +chamber for the <em>six</em> Gentlemen <em>and</em> Ushers<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span> +of the Privy Chamber, to sup in; which explains +the above article.]</p> + +<p>The Esquires for the Body, mentioned to +have been at Eltham at that time, were, Sir +Arthur Poole, Sir Edward Baynton, Sir +Humphrey Forster, and [Mr.] Francis Pointz.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p>In the New Book of the King's Household +of Edward IV. anno 1478:</p> + +<p>Six Knights and five Squires appear to +have been on duty for eight weeks from the +last day of October, at the end of which they +were relieved by <em>five</em> Knights and four Esquires. +Sir Roger Ray, being Vice Chamberlain, +was in both lists; for it is said +afterwards, "We will that Sir Roger Ray, +Deputy to my Lord Chamberlain, two Gentlemen +Ushers, and two Yeomen Ushers, at +least, be always attending upon us."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span></p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Yeomen of the Crown</span><a name="FNanchor_156_156" id="FNanchor_156_156"></a><a href="#Footnote_156_156" class="fnanchor">[156]</a>.</h3> + +<p>Twenty-four most seemly persons, cleanly +and strongest Archers, honest of conditions, +and of behaviour, bold men chosen and tried +out of every Lord's house in England for +their cunning and virtue thereof. One to be +Yeoman of the Robes, another to be Yeoman +of the Wardrobe of Beds in Household. +These two, in certainty, eat in the King's +Chamber daily. Other two be Yeomen +Ushers of Chamber, eating there also. Another +to be Yeoman of the Stole, if it please +the King. Another to be Yeoman of the +Armory. Another to be Yeoman of the +Bows for the King. Another Yeoman to +keep the King's Books. Another to keep +his Dogs for the Bow. And, except the first +four persons, the remnant may to the Hall, +as the Usher, &c. or another to keep his +best; and thus they may be put to business. +Also it accordeth that they be chosen men +of manhood, shooting, and specially of virtuous +conditions. In the King's Chamber<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span> +be daily sitting four messes of Yeomen; and +all the remnant eating in the Hall, sitting +together above, joining to the Yeomen of +Household; except at the five Great Feasts +of the year, then as many Yeomen of Crown +and Chamber as may sit in the King's +Chamber shall be served there during the +Feast; and every of them present in Court, +hath daily allowed in the counting-house +<em>three-pence</em>, and cloathing for winter and +summer, and ... yearly, or else +eighteen shillings, beside their watching +cloathing of the King's Wardrobe. And if +any of them be sent out by the King's Chamberlain, +then he taketh his wages of the +Jewel-house, and vacat in the Cheque Roll +till he be seen in Court again. Also lodging +in the town, or in the country, sufficient for +their horses, as nigh together as the Herbiger +of Household may dispose; and always +two Yeomen of Crown to have an +honest servant in to [the] Court, in the +Noble Edward's Statutes. And these were +called "The Twenty-four Archers de pié courants +entièrement devant le Roy par pairs<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span> +pour Gard [de] Corps du Roy<a name="FNanchor_157_157" id="FNanchor_157_157"></a><a href="#Footnote_157_157" class="fnanchor">[157]</a>." These +were called the King's Watchment. At this +[or rather that] day, a Yeoman took but ten +shillings for his gown, and four shillings and +eight pence for his hosen and shoone. They +have nothing else with the Household <em>sans</em> +carriage of their beds, two men together, by +deliverance or assignment for that carriage +of the Controllers, and litter for their beds of +the Serjeant Usher of the Hall and Chamber. +And if any of them be sick, or let blood, he +taketh for all day a cast of bread, one mess +of great meat, one gallon of ale; and if it be +of great sickness, he must remove out of the +Court.</p> + +<p>Also, when they make watch nightly, they +should be gird with their swords, or with +other weapons ready, and harness about them.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">A Barber for the King's most high +and dread Person.</span></h3> + +<p>To be taking in this Court after that he +standeth in degree, Gentleman, Yeoman, or +Groom. It hath been much accustomed to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span> +one or two well-known Officers of the Ewry +in Household, such as been for the month, +Serjeant, or other. Also we find how +this hath been used among ... by +a well-betrusted Yeoman of Chamber, for +lack of cunning of these other men. It is +accustomed that a Knight of Chamber, or +else Squire for the Body, or both, be present +every time when the King will be shaven.</p> + +<p>This Barber shall have every Saturday at +night, if it please the King to cleanse his +head, legs, or feet, and for his shaving, two +loaves, one pitcher of wine; and the Ushers +of Chamber ought to testify this, if this be +necessary dispended or no.</p> + +<p>Also, this Barber taketh his shaving cloths, +basons, and all his other towels<a name="FNanchor_158_158" id="FNanchor_158_158"></a><a href="#Footnote_158_158" class="fnanchor">[158]</a>, and things +necessary, by the Chamberlain's assignment, +of the Jewel-house; no fees of plate or silver, +but it be in his instrumental tools used by +occupation, and that by allowance of the +King's Chamberlain.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span></p> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Henxmen.</span></h3> + +<p>Six infants, or more, as it shall please the +King, all these eating in the Hall, and sitting +at one board together; and to be served +two or three to a mess, as the Sovereigns appoint; +taking daily for their breakfasts, +amongst them all, two loaves, a mess of +great meat, a gallon of ale. Also, for their +supper in fasting days, according to their +age, and livery nightly for them all to their +chamber, one loaf, one gallon of ale; and for +winter livery, two candles wax, four candles +p'is, three talsheds, for them all. Rushes +and litter all the year, of the Serjeant Usher +of the Hall and Chamber. And if these +Gentlemen, or any of them, be Wards; then, +after their births and degrees, the Steward +and Treasurer, with the Chamberlain, may +appoint the service more large in favour by +their discretions, when as often as them +needeth, till the King's Grace hath given or +sold<a name="FNanchor_159_159" id="FNanchor_159_159"></a><a href="#Footnote_159_159" class="fnanchor">[159]</a> their lands and wards. And all their<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span> +competent harness to be carried, and beddings. +Two lodged together at the King's +carriage, by oversight of the Comptroller; +and every of them an honest servant to keep +their chamber and harness, and to array him +in this Court whilst their Masters be present +in Court; or else to allow here no chamber +dokyns, &c. And all other findings for their +beds they take of the King's Wardrobe, by +suit of the Master of Henxmen, made to the +King's Chamberlain for warrants.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Master of Henxmen.</span></h3> + +<p>To shew the schools of urbanity and nurture +of England; to learn them to ride cleanly +and surely; to draw them also to justs; to +learn them wear their harness; to have all +courtesy in words, deeds, and degrees; diligently +to keep them in rules of goings and +sittings after they be of honour. Moreover +to teach them sundry languages, and other +learnings virtuous; to harping, to pipe, sing, +and dance, with other honest and temperate +behaving and patience; and to keep daily and +weekly with these children due [discipline],<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span> +with corrections in their chambers, according +to such gentlemen; and each of them to be +used to that thing of virtue that he shall be +most apt to learn, with remembrance daily of +God's service accustomed. This Master sitteth +in the Hall next unto beneath these +Henxmen, at the same board; to have his +respects unto their demeanings, how mannerly +they eat and drink; and to their communication, +and other forms curial, after the +book of urbanity. He taketh daily, if he be +present in Court, wages, cloathing, and other +liveries, as other Esquires of Household, +save he is not charged with serving of the +Hall. Carriage also for harness in Court +competent by the Comptroller to be with the +Henxmen his harness in Court; and to have +into this Court one servant, whilst he is present; +and sufficient liveries for his horses, in +the town or country, by the Herberger. And +if he be sick in Court, or let blood, he taketh +two loaves, two mess of great meat, one +gallon ternoise<a name="FNanchor_160_160" id="FNanchor_160_160"></a><a href="#Footnote_160_160" class="fnanchor">[160]</a>. And for the fees that he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span> +claimeth among the Henxmen of all their +apparel, the Chamberlain is the judge.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Squires of Household.</span></h3> + +<p>Forty, or more, if it please the King, by +the advice of his High Council, to be chosen +men of their profession, worship, and wisdom; +also to be of sundry Shires, by whom it may +be known the disposition of the Countries. +And of these, to be continually in this Court +Twenty Squires attendant upon the King's +Person, in riding and going at all times, and +to help serve his table from the Surveying-board, +and from other places, as the Assewar +will assign.—Also, by their common assent, +to assign amongst themselves some to serve +the King's Chamber, at one day, week, or +time, some to serve the Hall at another time, +of every mess that cometh from the dressing-board +to their hands for such service, so that +thereof be nothing withdrawn by the Squires, +upon such pain as Steward, Treasurer, or +Controller, or in their absence other Judges +at the counting-board, will award, after their<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span> +demerits.—They eat in the hall, sitting together +at any of the both meals as they serve, +some the first meal, some the latter, by assent. +This hath be [been] always the manner +amongst them for honour [and] profit to the +King.—It may be, that the King taketh into +Household in all Sixty Squires, and yet, +amongst them all, Twenty take not the whole +wages <em>of the year</em> [sic]; wherefore the +number of persons may be received and suffered +the better in the checque-roll for a worship, +and the King's profit saved, and ease to +them self.—Every of them taketh for his +livery at night, half a gallon of ale; and for +winter season, each of them taketh two candles +parris, one faggot, or else half talwode.</p> + +<p>When any of them is present in Court, he +is allowed for daily wages, in the checque roll, +seven-pence halfpenny, and clothing winter +and summer; or else forty shillings. It +hath ever been in special charge to Squires +in this Court, to wear the King's Livery customably, +for the more glory, and in worship +of this honourable Household: and every of +them to have in to this Court an honest servant,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span> +and sufficient livery in the towns or +countries for their horses, and other servants, +by the herberger. Two Gentlemen lodged +together, and they be coupled bed-fellows +by the Gentlemen Ushers.—And if any of +them be let blood or sick in Court, or nigh, +thereto, he taketh livery in eating days, two +loaves, two mess of great meat, one gallon of +ale, for all day, and litter all the year of the +Serjeant Usher of the hall for their beds in +Court.—And if any of these Squires be sent +out of Court, by Steward, Treasurer, or Controller, +or other of the counting-house, for +matter touching the Household, then he hath +daily allowed him twelve pence by petition. +Also they pay for their carriage of harness +in Court. They take no part of the general +gifts, neither with chamber nor with hall, +but if the giver give them specially a part by +express name or words. None of these should +depart from Court but by licence of Steward, +Treasurer, or Sovereigns of the Counting-house, +that know how the King is accompanied +best: and to take a day when they +should come again, upon pain of loss of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span> +wages at his next coming.—That no Serjeant +of Office, nor Squire, nor Yeoman, nor +Groom, but as be appointed in this Book, to +dine or sup out of Hall and King's Chamber, +nor to withdraw any service, or else to hurt +or little the almesse [alms] of Hall or Chamber, +upon such pain as the Sovereigns of +Household will award by the Statutes of +Noble Edward III. "In none office, &c."</p> + +<p>It hath been often, in days before, commanded +by the Counting-house, that in ferial +days, after that the King and Queen, and their +Chambers, and the Sovereigns of Household +in the Hall, be served, that then such honest +Yeomen of Household be called or assigned +to serve from the dresser to the hall the remnant, +specially such as bear wages, that, if +any service be withdrawn by them, that then +they to be corrected therefor.</p> + +<p>These Squires of Household, of old, be +accustomed, winter and summer, in afternoons +and in evenings, to draw to Lord's +Chambers within Court, there to keep honest +company, after their cunning, in talking +of chronicles of Kings, and of other policies,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span> +or in piping or harping, songings, or other +acts marriables<a name="FNanchor_161_161" id="FNanchor_161_161"></a><a href="#Footnote_161_161" class="fnanchor">[161]</a>; to help to occupy the +Court, and accompany strangers, till the time +require of departing.</p> + +<p>"Item, that daily there awaite twenty-four +Squires to serve the King and Queen, +of whom <em>twelve</em> to serve at the first dinner, +and to dine at the second; and the twelve +sitting at the first dinner, to serve the second +dinner, and there to awaite to serve the King +and Queen<a name="FNanchor_162_162" id="FNanchor_162_162"></a><a href="#Footnote_162_162" class="fnanchor">[162]</a>."</p> + +<p>Dom. Regis Angliæ. The Esquires—"oftentimes +these stand instead of Carvers +and Cup-Bearers<a href="#Footnote_162_162" class="fnanchor">[162]</a>."</p> + +<h3><span class="smcap">Kings of Arms, Heralds, and +Pursuivants.</span></h3> + +<p>Coming into this Royal Court to the worship +of these five Feasts in the year, sitting at +meats and suppers in the Hall, and to begin +that one end of the table together, upon days +of estate, by the Marshall's assignation, at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span> +one meal. And if the King keep estate, by +the Marshall's assignation, in the Hall, then +these walk before the Steward, Treasurer, +and Comptroller, coming with the King's +Surveyor<a name="FNanchor_163_163" id="FNanchor_163_163"></a><a href="#Footnote_163_163" class="fnanchor">[163]</a> from the surveying-board at every +course. And, after the last course, they cry +the King's largesse, shaking their great cup. +They take their largesse of the Jewel-house; +and during these Festival-days they wait upon +the King's Person coming and going to and +from the Church, Hall, and Chamber, before +his Highness, in their coats of arms. They +take neither wages, cloathing, nor fees, by +the Compting-house; but livery for their +chamber, day and night, amongst them two +loaves, a pitcher of wine, two gallons of ale; +and for winter season, if there be present a +King of Arms, for them all, one tortays at +chandry, two candles wax, three candles +p'is, three talsheds. These Kings of Arms +are served in the Hall as Knights, service +and livery for their horses nigh the Court, by +the Herberger.—Alway remembered, that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span> +the cup which the King doth create any +King of Arms or Herald withal, it standeth +in the charge of the Jewel-house, and not +upon the Treasurer of Household.</p> + +<p>The fees that they shall take at the making +of Knights of the Bath, it appeareth next +after the chapter of Squires.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Serjeants of Arms</span><a name="FNanchor_164_164" id="FNanchor_164_164"></a><a href="#Footnote_164_164" class="fnanchor">[164]</a>.</h3> + +<p>Four chosen proved men, of haviour and +condition, for the King and his Honourable +Household; whereof two alway to be attending +upon the King's Person and Chamber; +and to avoid the press of people before +where as the King shall come: in like wise +at the conveyance of his meat at every course +from the surveying board; also observing for +[of] the King's commandments, and so after +the Steward, Chamberlain, Treasurer, and +Controller, for the King, or for his Household. +They eat in the Hall, together or with +Squires of Household, taking their wages of +twelve-pence by [the] day, or four-pence, as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span> +it pleaseth the King, after their abilities, by +letters patents; and clothing also, to be taken +of the issue and profit growing to the King +in divers counties of England, by the hands +of the receivers of them. No more having +in Household; but every of them, when he is +present in Court, at night, a gallon of ale; +and for winter livery, one candle wax, two +candles p'is, one talshed; rushes [and] litter +for their chamber of the Serjeant Usher all +the year. They pay for the carriage of their +proper harness and bedding; and every of +them to have in to this Court, one honest +servant. By the Statutes of the Noble Edward, +were thirty Serjeants of Arms, sufficiently +armed and horsed, riding before his +Highness when he journeyed by the country +for a Garde de Corps du Roi. And if any +of these be sick, or be let blood, he taketh +daily two loaves, two messes of great meat, +one gallon of ale, and thus to be brevied in +the Pantry-Roll. Also sufficient lodging +assigned these Serjeants together, not far +from Court, for hasty errands [when] they +fall.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span></p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Minstrels.</span></h3> + +<p>Thirteen; whereof one is Verger, that directeth +them all in festival days to their stations, +to blowings and pipings to such offices +as must be warned to prepare for the King +and his Household, at meats and suppers, to +be the more ready in all services; and all +these sitting in the Hall together, whereof +some use trumpets, some shalmuse<a name="FNanchor_165_165" id="FNanchor_165_165"></a><a href="#Footnote_165_165" class="fnanchor">[165]</a> and +small pipes, and some are strange-men +coming to this Court at five feasts of the year; +and then to take their wages of Household +after four-pence halfpenny a day, if they be +present in Court; and then they to avoid the +next day after the feasts be done. Besides +each of them another reward yearly, taking +[taken] of the King, in the Receipt of the +Chequer, and cloathing with the Household, +winter and summer, or twenty shillings +a-piece, and livery in Court at even—amongst +them all four gallons of ale; and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span> +for winter season, three candles wax, six +candles p'is, four tallow candles, and sufficient +lodging, by the Herbergers for them +and their horses in the Court. Also having +in the Court two servants, honest, to bear +the trumpets, pipes, and other instruments; +and a torch for winter nights, whilst they +blow to suppers, and other revels at Chaundry. +And always two of these persons to +continue in Court in wages, being present +to warn at the King's ridings, when he goeth +to horseback, as oft as it shall require. And +by their blowings the Household-men may +follow in the countries. And if any of these +two Minstrels be sick in Court, he taketh +two loaves, a mess of great meat, a gallon of +ale. They have part of any rewards given +to the Household. And if it please the +King to have two strange Minstrels to continue +in like wise. The King woll not for +his worship that his Minstrels be too presumptuous, +nor too familiar, to ask any rewards +of the Lords of his land, remembering +"De Henrico Secundo Imperatore, qui +omnes Joculatores suos et ... monuerit<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span> +ut nullus eorum in ejus nomine, vel dummodo +steterunt in servicio suo, nihil ab aliquo +in regno suo deberent petere donandum, scilicet, +quod ipsi Domini donatores pro Regis +amore citius pauperibus erogarent."</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">A Wayte.</span></h3> + +<p>That nightly, from Michaelmas till +Shere-Thursday<a name="FNanchor_166_166" id="FNanchor_166_166"></a><a href="#Footnote_166_166" class="fnanchor">[166]</a>, pipeth the watch within +this Court <em>four</em> times, and in summer nights +<em>three</em> times, and he to make <em>bon Gayte</em>, +and every chamber-door and office, as well +for fire as for other pikers, or pellys<a name="FNanchor_167_167" id="FNanchor_167_167"></a><a href="#Footnote_167_167" class="fnanchor">[167]</a>. He +eateth in the Hall with the Minstrels, and +taketh livery at night, half a paine, half a +gallon of ale; and for summer nights, <em>two</em> +candles p'is, half a bushel of coals; and for +winter nights, half a loaf, half a gallon of +ale, four candles p'is, half a bushel of coals; +and daily, if he be present in Court, by the +Cheque Roll, <em>four-pence halfpenny</em>, or <em>three</em><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span> +<em>pence</em>, by the discretion of Steward and Treasurer, +and after the cunning that he can, and +good deserving. Also cloathing with the +Household Yeomen, or Minstrels, according +to the wages that he taketh. And if he +be sick, or let blood, he taketh <em>two</em> loaves, +half a mess of great meat, [and] one gallon +of ale. Also he partaketh with the general +gifts of Household, and hath his bedding +carried, and his grooms together, by the +Controller's assignment. And under this +Yeoman, <em>a Groom Wayte</em>; if he can excuse +the Yeoman in his Office, and absence, then +he taketh reward and cloathing, meet rewards, +and other things, like to the other +<em>Grooms</em> of Household. Also this <em>Yeoman</em> +wayteth at the makings of <em>Knights</em> of the +Bath, watching by night-time upon them in +the chapel; wherefore he hath of fee all the +watching cloathing that the Knights do wear +upon [them].</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span></p> +<h3><span class="smcap">Clerk of the Crown in Chancery.</span></h3> + +<p>This Officer was anciently one of the +Chancellor's Family<a name="FNanchor_168_168" id="FNanchor_168_168"></a><a href="#Footnote_168_168" class="fnanchor">[168]</a>.</p> + +<p>Formerly accompanied the Masters in +Chancery in carrying Bills to the Lower +House<a name="FNanchor_169_169" id="FNanchor_169_169"></a><a href="#Footnote_169_169" class="fnanchor">[169]</a>.</p> + +<p>Reads the Titles of Bills in the House of +Lords<a name="FNanchor_170_170" id="FNanchor_170_170"></a><a href="#Footnote_170_170" class="fnanchor">[170]</a>.</p> + +<p>Sir George Copping was Clerk of the +Crown, anno 1 Jac. I.<a name="FNanchor_171_171" id="FNanchor_171_171"></a><a href="#Footnote_171_171" class="fnanchor">[171]</a></p> + +<p>The fee of the Clerk of the Crown, in the +Reign of Queen Elizabeth, was 20<em>l.</em><a name="FNanchor_172_172" id="FNanchor_172_172"></a><a href="#Footnote_172_172" class="fnanchor">[172]</a></p> +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span></p> + + + +<h2>SUPPORTERS,<br /> + +CRESTS, <small>AND</small> COGNIZANCES,<br /> + +<small>OF THE</small><br /> + +KINGS OF ENGLAND.</h2> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Richard II.</span></h3> + +<p>Was the first who bore his Escocheon supported; +<em>viz.</em> by Two <em>Angels</em>.</p> + +<p><em>Cognizances.</em>—A White Hart couchant, +gorged with a Gold Chain and Coronet, +under a Tree; derived from the Princess Joan +his Mother.</p> + +<p>Also a Peascod Branch, with the Pods +open, but the Peas out.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Henry IV.</span></h3> + +<p>Dexter, a <em>Swan</em>. Sinister, an <em>Antelope</em>.</p> + +<p><em>Cognizance.</em>—A Fox's Tail dependant.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span></p> + + +<h3><br /><span class="smcap">Henry V.</span></h3> + +<p>Two <em>Swans</em>, when Prince of Wales, holding +in their beaks an Ostrich-feather and a +Scroll; when King, a <em>Lion</em> and an <em>Antelope</em>.</p> + +<p>N. B. He first bore three Fleurs de Lis, +instead of the Semée; and wrote himself +King of <em>England</em> and <em>France</em>, whereas those +before him wrote <em>France</em> and <em>England</em>.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Henry VI.</span></h3> + +<p>Two Antelopes, Argent, attired, accolled +with Coronets, and chained Or.</p> + +<p><em>Cognizance.</em>—Two Feathers in Saltire.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Edward IV.</span></h3> + +<p>A <em>Lion</em> for Marche; and a <em>Bull</em> for Clare.</p> + +<p><em>Two Lions</em>, Argent.</p> + +<p>The <em>Lion</em> and the <em>White Hart</em> of +Richard II.</p> + +<p><em>Cognizances.</em>—The <em>White Rose</em>.</p> + +<p>The <em>Fetter-Lock</em>.</p> + +<p>The <em>Sun</em> after the Battle of Mortimer's<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span> +Cross, when three <em>Suns</em> were seen, which +immediately conjoined.</p> + +<p>The Rose is in the centre.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Edward V.</span></h3> + +<p>The <em>Lion</em> and a <em>Hinde</em>, Argent.</p> + +<p><em>Cognizance.</em>—The Rose and the Falcon +in a Fetter-Lock.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Richard III.</span></h3> + +<p>Two <em>Boars</em>.</p> + +<p>A White Boar.</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"The Cat, the Rat, and Lovel the Dog,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Rule all England under the <em>Hog</em>."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p class="noind"><em>i. e.</em> Sir William Catesby, Sir Richard Ratcliff, +and Lord Lovel, creatures of King +Richard. One Collingborne was executed +for this poetry<a name="FNanchor_173_173" id="FNanchor_173_173"></a><a href="#Footnote_173_173" class="fnanchor">[173]</a>.</p> + +<p><em>Cognizance.</em>—The Rose.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Henry VII.</span></h3> + +<p><em>Red Dragon</em> (for Cadwallader), Dexter.</p> + +<p>A <em>Greyhound</em>, Argent, accolled Gules, +Sinister, for Nevile.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span></p> + +<p><em>Cognizances.</em>—The <em>White Rose</em> united to +the <em>Red</em>.</p> + +<p>A Portcullis for Beaufort.</p> + +<p>A Hawthorn Bush with the Crown in it.</p> + +<p>Richard's Crown was found in a Hawthorn +Bush after the Battle of Bosworth<a name="FNanchor_174_174" id="FNanchor_174_174"></a><a href="#Footnote_174_174" class="fnanchor">[174]</a>.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Henry VIII.</span></h3> + +<p>The <em>Red Dragon</em> and <em>Greyhound</em>.</p> + +<p>Afterwards, the <em>Lion</em> Dexter; the <em>Dragon</em> +Sinister.</p> + +<p><em>Cognizances.</em>—A Red Rose.</p> + +<p>A Fleur de Lis.</p> + +<p>A Portcullis.</p> + +<p>An Archer (Green) drawing his Arrow +to the Head; with "Cui adhæreo præest." +taken at the interview between him and +Francis I.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Edward VI.</span></h3> + +<p>The Lion and Red Dragon.</p> + +<p><em>Cognizance.</em>—He bore the device of +Prince of Wales, though never created.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span></p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Queen Mary.</span></h3> + +<p>An Eagle and Lion.—These are the Supporters +in the Coat of Philip and Mary, impaled, +over the chimney in the Hall of Trinity +College, Oxford, as of the year 1554, put up +1772, when Lord North, afterwards Earl of +Guilford, became Chancellor<a name="FNanchor_175_175" id="FNanchor_175_175"></a><a href="#Footnote_175_175" class="fnanchor">[175]</a>.</p> + +<p><em>Cognizance.</em>—When Princess, the White +and Red Rose for York and Lancaster, with +a Pomegranate for Spain.—When Queen, +Time winged, drawing Truth out of a Pit; +with "Veritas Temporis Filia."</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Queen Elizabeth.</span></h3> + +<p>A Lion and Red Dragon.</p> + +<p><em>Cognizance.</em>—A Sieve, without a motto.</p> + +<p>The words Video; Taceo. Semper Eadem<a name="FNanchor_176_176" id="FNanchor_176_176"></a><a href="#Footnote_176_176" class="fnanchor">[176]</a>.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">James I.</span></h3> + +<p>The Lion (for England), and the Unicorn +(for Scotland).</p> + +<p><em>Cognizances.</em>—A Rose; a Fleur de Lis; +a Harp (for Ireland); a Greyhound current.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>REGAL TITLES.</h2> + + +<h3>"<span class="smcap">His most Christian Majesty +The King of France.</span>"</h3> + +<p>Stowe says that Charlemagne, being +chosen Emperor, A.D. 800, on account of +his great zeal for the good of Christendom, +was the first King of France that attributed +to himself (I rather think received from the +Pope) the Style and Title of <em>The Most +Christian King of France</em>; and from him +his Successors have continued it<a name="FNanchor_177_177" id="FNanchor_177_177"></a><a href="#Footnote_177_177" class="fnanchor">[177]</a>.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">His Sacred Majesty +The King of Great Britain.</span></h3> + +<p>First given to (or rather assumed by) +King James I.<a name="FNanchor_178_178" id="FNanchor_178_178"></a><a href="#Footnote_178_178" class="fnanchor">[178]</a>—<span class="smcap">Grace</span> was the old Title.—<span class="smcap">Majesty</span> +succeeded to it at the latter end +of the Reign of Henry VIII.<a name="FNanchor_179_179" id="FNanchor_179_179"></a><a href="#Footnote_179_179" class="fnanchor">[179]</a></p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span></p> +<h3><span class="smcap">His Catholic Majesty.</span></h3> + +<p class="center">(<span class="smcap">Spain.</span>)</p> + +<p>About the year 1493, Pope Alexander VI. +gave to Ferdinand, King of Spain, the Title +of <em>Catholick King</em>, in memory and acknowledgment +of the many Victories he had obtained +over the Moors<a name="FNanchor_180_180" id="FNanchor_180_180"></a><a href="#Footnote_180_180" class="fnanchor">[180]</a>.</p> +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span></p> + + + +<h2><small>ON THE</small><br /> + +VIRTUES<br /> + +<small>OF</small><br /> + +<span class="oldenglish">The Royal Touch.</span></h2> + + +<h3>KINGS OF ENGLAND.</h3> + +<p>As the following subject, which has exercised +the faith and incredulity of mankind +for so many ages, comes before me in the +light of a religious ceremonial, I shall not +attempt to defend or depreciate the validity of +this gift; though it may be necessary to observe +some circumstances as they occur, which +may point different ways. Well-attested +instances of the effect of this power of healing +may be produced; though other examples are +too ludicrous and futile to attract serious attention. +We may, however, in these enlightened +and unsuperstitious times, speak freely<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span> +on a subject, which for many years, I may +say centuries, absorbed the faith of whole +Nations; <em>viz.</em> the Cure of the King's Evil by +the Royal Touch. As Mr. Addison, in the +quality of The Spectator, professed a modest +veneration for a couple of sticks, if concealed +under petticoats; so am I loyally and religiously +induced to "honour the King," as a +part of our excellent Constitution: but why +Kings should have in themselves a preternatural +gift above other men, by healing the +most stubborn of all diseases, exceeds my +comprehension. Every body is, at this time, +I dare believe, of the same opinion; and this +foolish affectation of a divine inherent power +has wisely been laid aside, ever since the accession +of the House of Hanover.</p> + +<p>If Kings really possessed such an uncommon, +such a wonderful gift, why has it been +taken away? The same legal rights remain +in the Royal Person now that have adhered +to it for ages—while this Divine Prerogative +has fallen away; or rather let us say, +that the incredulity of the world has increased.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span></p> + +<p>The cases brought forward by the advocates +for this Gift are exceedingly strong and well +attested; but yet there is something so palpably +absurd in the mere supposition, that +the evidence, when brought forward, will +be found to destroy itself on a cross-examination.</p> + +<p>As to the subject, and all its wonderful +consequences, I have just as much faith as I +have in the two following circumstances:</p> + +<p>Lord Bolingbroke tells us, from Bodin, +Amyot, and other writers, that Ferdinand +King of Spain, and Alphonsus King of Naples, +were cured of desperate distempers by +reading Livy and Quintus Curtius<a name="FNanchor_181_181" id="FNanchor_181_181"></a><a href="#Footnote_181_181" class="fnanchor">[181]</a>. Again, +there was such astonishing virtue in Quintus +Curtius, that we are further told, Alphonsus +IX. King of Spain<a name="FNanchor_182_182" id="FNanchor_182_182"></a><a href="#Footnote_182_182" class="fnanchor">[182]</a> was healed by reading +his works, after having in vain read the Bible +throughout fourteen times<a name="FNanchor_183_183" id="FNanchor_183_183"></a><a href="#Footnote_183_183" class="fnanchor">[183]</a>. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Credat qui vult.</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span> +And yet I could as soon subscribe to +these, as to the cures performed by the Royal +Touch.</p> + +<p>Anciently there was great reputed sanative +virtue in a seventh son; and he was looked +upon as a heaven-born Doctor, and those his +medical abilities were reverenced for that +reason only by the common people. So far +the Doctor would be safe, and might kill +with impunity; but it was a crime to heal.</p> + +<p>Thus I have a case before me in the Reign +of King Charles I. where a poor unfortunate +man, who was the seventh son of a seventh +son, and never killed any body (for he was a +gardener, and not a physician), was severely +treated, because he pretended to have in him +the faculty of healing several disorders, and +especially the King's Evil, by the Touch or +stroking of his hand. This man was imprudent +enough to depreciate the Royal Touch; +otherwise, at that time, he might have obtained +a comfortable subsistence from his +credulous patients; but that unfortunate +intrenchment on the Royal Prerogative drew +down upon him the double vengeance of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span> +Court of Star-Chamber, and of the College +of Physicians; which last, in the most courtly +manner, denounced him to be an impostor<a name="FNanchor_184_184" id="FNanchor_184_184"></a><a href="#Footnote_184_184" class="fnanchor">[184]</a>. +<em>Delenda est Carthago.</em> It was highly necessary +for the reputation of the Royal pretensions +that this man should be proscribed.</p> + +<p>The next person who appears to have +usurped this Gift was Mr. Valentine Greatrackes, +a gentleman of Ireland, who first +practised his art of healing by the Touch +in his own country; and afterwards came into +England, where, at first, he obtained great +reputation, which fell off by degrees, so that +there was no occasion for any violent measures +to prevent his intrenching on the Royal +Prerogative.</p> + +<p>This gentleman wrote an account of +his several cures, in a Letter to the Honourable +Robert Boyle, which was printed +in 1668. Whether Mr. Boyle was a believer +I know not; but it was at a time when the +King practised, so that he might think it +prudent to conceal his real sentiments.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span></p> + +<p>How far imagination will operate in such +cases, as the old women, even of this age, +contend it does in Agues, is a question not +for me to discuss; but it tempts me to transcribe +the following story, as given by Mr. +Granger, vol. IV. p. 32.</p> + +<p>"I was myself a witness of the powerful +workings of imagination in the populace, +when the waters of Glastonbury were at the +height of their reputation. The virtues of +the spring there were supposed to be supernatural, +and to have been discovered by a +revelation made in a dream to one Matthew +Chancellor. The people did not only expect +to be cured of such distempers as were in +their nature incurable, but even to recover +their lost eyes, and their mutilated limbs. +The following story, which scarce exceeds +what I observed upon the spot, was told me +by a gentleman of character. 'An old +woman in the workhouse at Yeovil, who had +long been a cripple, and made use of crutches, +was strongly inclined to drink of the Glastonbury +waters, which she was assured would +cure her of her lameness. The master of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span> +the workhouse procured her several bottles of +water, which had such an effect, that she +soon laid aside one crutch, and not long +after, the other. This was extolled, as a miraculous +cure. But the man protested to his +friends, that he had imposed upon her, and +fetched the water from an ordinary spring.' +I need not inform the Reader, that when the +force of imagination had spent itself, she relapsed +into her former infirmity."</p> + + +<h3>FRENCH KINGS.</h3> + +<p>Whether the French Kings possessed this +Gift in a greater or less degree than our own, +I cannot decide; but in point of antiquity, +by the accounts of their Historians, they exceed +us by many centuries.</p> + +<p>The advocates for the priority of the Kings +of England in this wonderful Gift, tell you, +that the French, seeing it with a jealous eye, +invented a tale, and carried their claim up to +Clovis, the first of that name in France, and +their first Christian King, who acceded to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span> +the Throne A. D. 481; whereas we do not +pretend to go higher than Edward the Confessor, +who died in 1066.</p> + +<p>In reward for Clovis's faith and conversion, +this Gift was bestowed upon him at his baptism, +A. D. 496; and which he accordingly +exercised immediately on one of his favourites<a name="FNanchor_185_185" id="FNanchor_185_185"></a><a href="#Footnote_185_185" class="fnanchor">[185]</a>.</p> + +<p>How it was first discovered to be inherent +in the French King we are not told; though +we are assured as to our own, that the knowledge +of such power in King Edward was +discovered, like many other similar wonders, +from a dream.</p> + +<p>The usual date of the introduction of this +miraculous Gift into France is fixed in the +Reign of St. Louis [<em>i. e.</em> IX], a contemporary +with our Henry III. about 160 years +after the death of the Confessor<a name="FNanchor_186_186" id="FNanchor_186_186"></a><a href="#Footnote_186_186" class="fnanchor">[186]</a>.</p> + +<p>Unfortunately for the French Kings, there +is a story extant, which overthrows their +healing power, in a palpable instance which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span> +happened to Louis XI. who having had an +apoplexy, sent for a famous man to cure him, +by name Francis of Poul. Francis, unhappily, +had the Evil; but, alas! the Saint could +not cure the King; and, what was worse, +the King could not cure the Saint<a name="FNanchor_187_187" id="FNanchor_187_187"></a><a href="#Footnote_187_187" class="fnanchor">[187]</a>.</p> + +<p>On the other hand, as the French Kings +possessed the faculty sooner than our Kings, +so did it last longer; for King George I. +had the good sense not to pretend to it; +whereas the French Kings kept up the farce +at least till 1775, though with some address +in the words spoken by the King; <em>viz.</em> +"The King touches you, and may God +heal you!" ["Le Roy te touche, Dieu te +guerisse."] So that, in case the Touch fails, +it is known where the blame is to lie; which +is to be attributed to the anger of God, or the +want of faith in the party<a name="FNanchor_188_188" id="FNanchor_188_188"></a><a href="#Footnote_188_188" class="fnanchor">[188]</a>. The French<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span> +Kings gave alms on the occasion; but I find +no mention of particular pieces, as was the +custom with us. I do not find that the +French Kings ever touched, except upon +Coronations; though it was a repeated, if not +an annual ceremony with us, performed daily +for a certain season<a name="FNanchor_189_189" id="FNanchor_189_189"></a><a href="#Footnote_189_189" class="fnanchor">[189]</a>, attended with a Form of +Prayer, compiled for the purpose, which I shall +hereafter preserve at length in the Appendix, +together with the Ceremonial, after having +given such accounts of the Practice itself, +under the respective Kings, as are recorded +by Writers on the subject.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span></p> +<h3>EDWARD THE CONFESSOR<a name="FNanchor_190_190" id="FNanchor_190_190"></a><a href="#Footnote_190_190" class="fnanchor">[190]</a>.</h3> + +<p>To begin in order of time, I shall give you +the narrative in Mr. Stowe's words, from the +Latin account by Alfred, Abbot of Rivaulx. +Thus then it is:</p> + +<p>"A young woman, married, but without +children, had a disease about her jawes, and +under her cheeke, like unto kernels, which +they termed akornes, and this disease so corrupted +her face with stench, that shee coulde +scarce without great shame speake to any +man. This woman was admonished in her +sleepe, to go to King Edwarde, and get him +to washe her face with water, and shee +shoulde bee whole. To the Court shee came; +and the King hearing of this matter, disdained +not to doe it; having a bason of water +brought unto him, hee dipped his hand +therein, and washed the womannes face, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span> +touched the diseased place; and this hee did +oftentimes, sometimes also signing it with +the signe of the Crosse, which after hee +hadde thus washed it, the hard crust or skinne +was softened and dissolved; and drawing his +hand by divers of the holes, out of the kernels +came little wormes, whereof they were full +with corrupt matter and blood, the King still +pressed it with his handes to bring forth the +corruption, and disdained not to suffer the +stench of the disease, untill hee hadde +brought forth all the corruption with pressing: +this done, hee commanded her a sufficient +allowance every day for all thinges necessary, +untill she hadd received perfect +health, which was within a weeke after; and +whereas shee was ever beefore barren, within +one yeere shee had a childe by her husband. +And although this thing seeme strange, yet +the Normans sayde that hee often did the like +in his youth, when he was in Normandy<a name="FNanchor_191_191" id="FNanchor_191_191"></a><a href="#Footnote_191_191" class="fnanchor">[191]</a>."</p> + +<p>It does not appear that the King knew of +this Gift before; but he continued to use it<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span> +ever after, and his successors followed him in +the practice.</p> + +<p>But this is not all: for Stowe affords us +but one instance of the cure of a blind man +by King Edward; whereas the Abbot's account<a name="FNanchor_192_192" id="FNanchor_192_192"></a><a href="#Footnote_192_192" class="fnanchor">[192]</a> +extends to six men totally blind, besides +another who had lost one of his eyes; +all of whom were restored to perfect sight by +the King<a name="FNanchor_193_193" id="FNanchor_193_193"></a><a href="#Footnote_193_193" class="fnanchor">[193]</a>.</p> + + +<h3>WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR</h3> + +<p>Had business enough upon his hands to +employ his time, without thinking of such a +matter as this; but however, that he might, +in quieter times, enjoy this Kingly attribute +(though only a Bastard Son of a Territorial +Duke), Voltaire tells us, that some dependants +endeavoured to persuade the world, that +this Gift was bestowed upon him from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span> +Heaven<a name="FNanchor_194_194" id="FNanchor_194_194"></a><a href="#Footnote_194_194" class="fnanchor">[194]</a>. Whether he ever exercised it does +not appear. Nothing but a special bounty +of Heaven could convey to him this privilege; +and such interference was necessary; for it +was anciently held not to be inherent in any +but lawful Kings, and not to extend to +Usurpers; so that it must have slept during +all the wars between the Houses of York +and Lancaster, till resumed by Henry VII. +as will be mentioned in its place.</p> + + +<h3>EDWARD III.</h3> + +<p>Mr. Joshua Barnes, the most copious Historiographer +of this Reign, does not positively +say that King Edward exercised this Gift, +presuming only that he had a double right to +it, as Heir to both the Realms of England +and of France; and, consequently, more eminently +endowed than Philip of Valois, the +then French King<a name="FNanchor_195_195" id="FNanchor_195_195"></a><a href="#Footnote_195_195" class="fnanchor">[195]</a>. The French, no doubt,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span> +would deny it to him, as an usurping claimant +of their Crown; though they could not +refuse his right, as derived to him as a legal +King of England.</p> + + +<h3>HENRY VI.</h3> + +<p>I have already conceived the Gift of healing +by the Touch to have been, as it were, +in abeyance during the Civil Wars between +the Houses of York and Lancaster; and therefore +have found no historical record of Cures +performed by this <em>Saint-like</em> King, who had +such ample religious claims. I have called +him Saint-like, because he never was canonized, +though it was attempted and refused +by the Pope in the Reign of Henry VII. for +reasons to be seen in Fuller's Church History +of Britain<a name="FNanchor_196_196" id="FNanchor_196_196"></a><a href="#Footnote_196_196" class="fnanchor">[196]</a>.</p> + +<p>Two reasons against the canonization are +suggested by different Writers:—1. That +the then Pope thought King Henry VI. too<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span> +simple to be sainted:—2. That the contingent +expence amounted to more than King +Henry VII. was willing to defray, being not +less than 1500 ducats of gold, a large sum at +that time of day<a name="FNanchor_197_197" id="FNanchor_197_197"></a><a href="#Footnote_197_197" class="fnanchor">[197]</a>.</p> + +<p>But, however, although King Henry VI. +performed no Cures in his life-time, yet was +a man miraculously saved from death at the +gallows by the appearance of the King, 40 +years after his demise (in the 10th year of +Henry VII.), by which intervention the +halter had no effect; for the convict was +found alive, after having hung the usual +hour, and went speedily (as in duty bound) +to return thanks at the King's Tomb at +Chertsey, for such a wonderful deliverance. +The Story states, that the man was really +innocent, though, from circumstantial evidence, +presumed to have been guilty; otherwise +the Ghost of so pious and merciful a +King had doubtless never appeared to him +and interposed.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>HENRY VII.</h3> + +<p>It is evident, from various concurrent circumstances, +that this King touched for the +Evil, as the Religious Ceremonial used upon +those occasions, such as Prayers, Benedictions, +Suffrages, &c. during his Reign, are +to be found not only in MS. in the British +Museum, but were afterwards printed by +order of King James II. A. D. 1686; both +in Latin. Another proof arises from charges +made for pieces of money delivered for this +purpose in that Reign; for, in the 18th year +of Henry VII. we find a disbursement of 20 +shillings, made by John Heron, "for heling +3 seke folks;" and again, "13<em>s.</em> 4<em>d.</em> for +heling 2 seke folks." From these sums it +is evident, that the Touch-pieces given were +Nobles, or 6<em>s.</em> 8<em>d.</em> in value<a name="FNanchor_198_198" id="FNanchor_198_198"></a><a href="#Footnote_198_198" class="fnanchor">[198]</a>. The accounts<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span> +of this John Heron are preserved, together +with those of divers others, in the office of +the Remembrancer of the Exchequer. The +fact is further established from the testimony +of Polydore Vergil, who wrote his History at +the command of King Henry VII. (though it +was not made public till the following Reign); +wherein the Writer, after going a little into +the origin of this Gift, adds, that the Kings +of England, even in his time, healed persons +afflicted with this disease ["Nam Reges Angliæ +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">etiam nunc</i> Tactu strumosos sanant."] +He further subjoins, that the exercise of it +was attended with hymns, and other devout +cæremonies; meaning, no doubt, those above-mentioned: +["quibusdam hymnis non sine +ceremoniis prius recitatis<a name="FNanchor_199_199" id="FNanchor_199_199"></a><a href="#Footnote_199_199" class="fnanchor">[199]</a>."] From looking +over the Ceremonial, I conceive that by +hymns, Polydore Vergil means the Gospel, +which at that time was <em>sung</em>, or the suffrages, +which might be chanted.</p> + +<p>Fabian Philips, in his Treatise on Purveyance, +p. 257, asserts, "that the Angels issued by the Kings +of England on these occasions, amounted to a charge +of three thousand pounds <em>per annum</em>."]</p> + +<p>I shall give a transcript of the service appropriated +to this occasion in the Appendix, +(No. I.) as the printed copies are very scarce.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span></p> + +<p>I cannot dismiss this Reign without observing +that the learned Editor of the Northumberland +Household Book<a name="FNanchor_200_200" id="FNanchor_200_200"></a><a href="#Footnote_200_200" class="fnanchor">[200]</a> is hereby +proved to have been very inattentive, when +he says that "this miraculous Gift was left +to be claimed by the <em>Stuarts</em>; our ancient +<em>Plantagenets</em> were humbly content to cure +the <em>Cramp</em><a name="FNanchor_201_201" id="FNanchor_201_201"></a><a href="#Footnote_201_201" class="fnanchor">[201]</a>."</p> + +<p>What part the <em>Plantagenets</em> took in this +business, for want of information, must be +left doubtful; but ample proof has been +offered, that the <em>Tudors</em> possessed the Gift +of Healing.</p> + + +<h3>EDWARD VI.</h3> + +<p>The King now before us, though he kept a +journal of all material occurrences, does not, +however, once hint that he touched for the +Evil, as probably his natural piety would have<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span> +led him to have done, had it ever taken place; +but, if there be any truth in the immediate +prevalence of prayer on the ears of Heaven, +an instance is recorded wherein the King obtained +his request, in a more notable instance +than any cure he might have performed by +the operation of his Touch. Sir John Cheke, +his Tutor for the Greek language, lay very +dangerously ill, to the great disquiet and +concern of the King, who, after frequent +and daily inquiries, learned from the Physicians +at last that there was not the least +hope of life. "No," said the King, "he will +not die now; for this morning I begged his +life from God in my prayers, and obtained it." +This accordingly came to pass; and Sir John +recovered speedily, contrary to all medical +expectations. The truth was ascertained by +an ear-witness, the Earl of Huntingdon, who +related it to the grandson of Sir John Cheke +(Sir Thomas Cheke, of Pirgo, Essex), by +whom it was mentioned to my Author<a name="FNanchor_202_202" id="FNanchor_202_202"></a><a href="#Footnote_202_202" class="fnanchor">[202]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span></p> +<p> +"Nec Deus intersit nisi dignus vindice Nodus;"<br /> +</p> + +<p>and, if ever necessary, it was on this occasion; +though the King lived but one year afterwards; +and Cheke survived, to disgrace the +Protestant Religion by his revolt.</p> + + +<h3>QUEEN ELIZABETH.</h3> + +<p>That the Queen touched, is acknowledged; +but it is as evident that she had no high opinion +of the efficacy of such operation; for she +once threw out an expression tending much +to disparage the validity of it. Being on a +Progress in Gloucestershire, her Majesty was +so pestered with applications from diseased +people, who pressed about her person in +hopes of obtaining the Royal Touch, that +she unguardedly, and in an ill-humour, exclaimed, +"Alas, poor people, <em>I</em> cannot, <em>I</em> +cannot cure you; it is God alone who can do +it." This was interpreted by some, as a renunciation +of the Gift; but, nevertheless, the +Queen afterwards admitted a general resort<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span> +to her for the purpose of being touched, and +one in particular was healed<a name="FNanchor_203_203" id="FNanchor_203_203"></a><a href="#Footnote_203_203" class="fnanchor">[203]</a>. On this, or +some other occasion, a rigid Papist was under +a necessity of applying for the Queen's Touch, +after having tried every other means in vain; +and was, says my Author, perfectly healed. +This happening soon after the Pope had denounced +the sentence of Excommunication +against her Majesty, raised the reputation of +this Gift in the Royal Line of England; +seeing that the Pope had no power to divest +the Queen of it<a name="FNanchor_204_204" id="FNanchor_204_204"></a><a href="#Footnote_204_204" class="fnanchor">[204]</a>.</p> + +<p>The Queen, at another time, A. D. 1575, +being on a Progress in Warwickshire, where +she was entertained by the Earl of Leicester +at Kenilworth Castle, during her abode +there, "touched nine for the King's Evil<a name="FNanchor_205_205" id="FNanchor_205_205"></a><a href="#Footnote_205_205" class="fnanchor">[205]</a>."</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span></p> + +<h3>JAMES I.</h3> + +<p>It does not appear that the Kings of Scotland +ever pretended to this Gift; but when +their James VI. came to the Throne of England, +the virtue appeared in him; and he exercised +it, as is evident from a passage in +Macbeth<a name="FNanchor_206_206" id="FNanchor_206_206"></a><a href="#Footnote_206_206" class="fnanchor">[206]</a>, and still more strongly from Proclamations +in this Reign, still extant<a name="FNanchor_207_207" id="FNanchor_207_207"></a><a href="#Footnote_207_207" class="fnanchor">[207]</a>.</p> + +<p>Being lineally descended from Henry the +Seventh's Daughter, Margaret, this King +had the same title to the Gift as Henry himself, +who, as has been seen, used it, though +descended from a line of Usurpers.</p> + + +<h3>CHARLES I.</h3> + +<p>So pious a King, and so jealous of every +prerogatory right, divine and human, could<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span> +not fail to exercise this preternatural endowment<a name="FNanchor_208_208" id="FNanchor_208_208"></a><a href="#Footnote_208_208" class="fnanchor">[208]</a>; +and accordingly we find him regulating +the manner and time that persons shall +be admitted to the Royal Touch, by divers<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span> +Proclamations<a name="FNanchor_209_209" id="FNanchor_209_209"></a><a href="#Footnote_209_209" class="fnanchor">[209]</a>. One is dated soon after his +Accession, in 1621<a name="FNanchor_210_210" id="FNanchor_210_210"></a><a href="#Footnote_210_210" class="fnanchor">[210]</a>; another in 1626; and +a third in 1628<a name="FNanchor_211_211" id="FNanchor_211_211"></a><a href="#Footnote_211_211" class="fnanchor">[211]</a>. He cured by his words +only<a name="FNanchor_212_212" id="FNanchor_212_212"></a><a href="#Footnote_212_212" class="fnanchor">[212]</a>.</p> + +<p>One would naturally be surprized to read +of such numbers who received the Royal<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span> +Touch in the 17th century, when the disease +is now so nearly worn out; but Mr. Browne<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span> +tells us it raged remarkably at the period +when he lived.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span></p> + +<p>As to the giving of a piece of Gold, Mr. +Browne says, "it only shews his Majestie's +Royal well-wishes towards the recovery of +those who come thus to be healed." In +other parts of his book, however, he tells us +that "some, losing their Gold<a name="FNanchor_213_213" id="FNanchor_213_213"></a><a href="#Footnote_213_213" class="fnanchor">[213]</a>, their diseases +have seized them afresh; when, upon obtaining +a second Touch, and new Gold, their +diseases have been seen to vanish." Again, +as to the virtue contained in the Gold, he relates +a story of a father and a son, who both +were afflicted with the Evil, for which the +former was touched, and received a piece of +Gold; but the latter never was touched, and +had no Gold; upon which the son borrows +the father's Gold, and received great relief +from it. During this interval the father +grew worse, received back his Gold, and, +after wearing it a little time, became better; +and this practice was pursued for several +years. Mr. Browne likewise gives other +examples of the operation of the Gold, on,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span> +persons who had never received the Touch.—Though +we have called it Gold, which, in +itself, was anciently reckoned to have a sanative +quality in itself, yet Silver would do as +well; for Mr. Browne does not deny but that +a Silver two-pence has effectually done the +business. The case was, that the King +(Charles I.), who was the Operator, was then +a Prisoner at Hampton Court, and perhaps +had no Gold to spare; and therefore, in several +instances, he used Silver, with which +many were known to have been cured:—but, +after all, by way of salvo, Mr. Browne adds, +that such as failed of their cure—<em>wanted +Faith</em>. From another passage in Mr. Browne's +preface, one would be tempted to think that +the virtue neither consisted in the Gold or the +Silver, but in the Ribbon to which it was +pendent; for he assures those who contended +that a <em>second</em> piece of <em>Gold</em> was necessary on +a <em>second</em> Touch, that the same Gold, newly +strung upon a White Ribbon, would work as +effectually as a fresh piece of Gold. Some, +he tells us, have been cured with the Touch +only, without Gold or Silver.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span></p> +<p>Among other salvos in case of failure of +the Touch, added to the want of faith, is, +that the disease was mistaken in many instances; +and that the Patients did not labour +under the Struma, or Evil, but some other +similar disorder, over which the Royal Hand +had no divine influence.</p> + +<p>There was such sympathy between the +Royal Hand and the part touched, that Mr. +Browne seems to believe a case that had been +sent to him, of a woman, at a distance from +London, who had formerly been cured by +King Charles I. and whose sores broke out +afresh upon the day of the King's death, +though she was so ignorant of the world as +not to know that it was to take place. But +she soon recovered her health.</p> + +<p>The effect of this Divine Emanation has +been said even to extend beyond the life of +this unfortunate Monarch; for part of the +blood of this King being preserved on a piece +of linen dipped therein, was found to have +the same effect as the Touch, or his Prayers, +when he was living<a name="FNanchor_214_214" id="FNanchor_214_214"></a><a href="#Footnote_214_214" class="fnanchor">[214]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span></p> +<p>A wen is said to be cured by the hand of a +dead man while hanging on the gallows. +This is still a superstitious notion among +the common people at this day; and a child's +cawl is a preservative against drowning in +the notions of sailors (who are extremely +credulous in general): one often sees them +advertised for sale; and, if bought at all, +they find a vent, no doubt, at Wapping.</p> + +<p>A wedding ring of gold, rubbed on a stye +upon the eyelid, used to be esteemed a sovereign +remedy; but, if I mistake not, it must +be applied nine times.</p> + + +<h3>CHARLES II.</h3> + +<p>In January 1683, the following Proclamation +was ordered to be published in every +Parish in the Kingdom<a name="FNanchor_215_215" id="FNanchor_215_215"></a><a href="#Footnote_215_215" class="fnanchor">[215]</a>.</p> + +<blockquote> + +<p>"At the Court at Whitehall, 9th of January 1683. +Present, the King's Most Excellent Majesty; Lord +Keeper, Lord Privy Seal, Duke of Ormond, Duke of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span> +Beaufort, Earl of Oxford, Earl of Huntingdon, Earl of +Bridgewater, Earl of Peterborow, Earl of Chesterfield, +Earl of Clarendon, Earl of Bathe, Earl of Craven, Earl +of Nottingham, Earl of Rochester, Lord Bishop of +London, Mr. Secretary Jenkins, Mr. Chancellor of the +Duchy, Lord Chief Justice Jeffryes, Mr. Godolphin. +Whereas, by the grace and blessing of God, the Kings +and Queens of this Realm, by many ages past, have +had the happiness, by their sacred Touch, and invocation +of the name of God, to cure those who are afflicted +with the disease called the King's Evil; and his Majesty, +in no less measure than any of his Royal Predecessors, +having had good success therein; and, in his +most gracious and pious disposition, being as ready +and willing as any King or Queen of this Realm ever +was, in any thing to relieve the distresses and necessities +of his good subjects; yet, in his princely wisdom, +foreseeing that in this (as in all other things) order is +to be observed, and fit times are necessary to be appointed +for the performing of this great work of charity, +his Majesty was therefore this day pleased to declare +in Council his Royal will and pleasure to be, +That (in regard heretofore the usual times of presenting +such persons for this purpose have been prefixed +by his Royal Predecessors) the times of public healings +shall from henceforth be from the Feast of All-Saints, +commonly called Alhallow-tide, till a week before +Christmas; and after Christmas, until the first day of +March, and then to cease till the Passion-week, being<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span> +times most convenient, both for the temperature of +the season, and in respect of contagion, which may +happen in this near access to his Majesty's sacred +Person. And when his Majesty shall at any time think +fit to go any progress, he will be pleased to appoint +such other times for healing as shall be most convenient. +And his Majesty doth hereby accordingly +order and command, that, from the time of publishing +this his Majesty's order, none presume to repair to his +Majesty's Court to be healed of the said disease, but +only at or within the times for that purpose hereby appointed +as aforesaid. And his Majesty was farther +pleased to order, that all such as shall hereafter come +or repair to the Court for this purpose, shall bring with +them certificates, under the hands and seals of the parson, +vicar, or minister, and of both or one of the +churchwardens of the respective parishes where they +dwell, and from whence they come, testifying, according +to the truth, that they have not, at any time +before, been touched by his Majesty, to the intent to +be healed of their disease. And all ministers and +churchwardens are hereby required to be very careful +to examine into the truth before they give such certificates; +and also to keep a register of all certificates +they shall from time to time give. And, to the end that +all his Majesty's loving subjects may the better take +knowledge of this his Majesty's command, his Majesty +was pleased to direct, that this Order be read publicly +in all parish-churches, and then be affixed to some<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span> +conspicuous place there; and for that end the same +be printed, and a convenient number of copies sent to +the Most Reverend Father in God the Lord Archbishop +of Canterbury, and the Lord Archbishop of +York, who are to take care that the same be delivered +to all parishes within their respective provinces.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<span class="smcap">Loyd.</span> +</p> + +<p>"London, printed by the Assigns of John Bill, deceased, +and by Henry Hills, Printers to the King's +Most Excellent Majesty."</p></blockquote> + +<p>A regular Notice to the same effect was +published by authority in the London Gazette.</p> + +<p>In 1684, John Browne, Sworn Chirurgeon +in Ordinary to the King's Most Excellent +Majesty, published a work, not now +easily to be met with, except in the Libraries +of the curious; and perhaps, for its general +subjects, exploded at this day, as the fashion +of physick has much altered, as well as +many new and important discoveries been +made, since it was written. It is in three +Books. The Titles to the three Books are—1. +"<cite>Adenochoiradelogia</cite>; or, an Anatomick-Chyrurgical +Treatise of Glandules and Strumaes,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span> +or King's Evil Swellings. Together +with the Royal Gift of Healing or Cure +thereof, by contact or imposition of Hands, +performed for above 640 years by our Kings +of England, continued with their admirable +Effects and miraculous Events; and concluded +with many wonderful Examples of Cures by +their Sacred Touch; all which are succinctly +described by John Browne, one of His Majesty's +Chyrurgeons in Ordinary, and Chyrurgeon +of his Majesty's Hospital; published +with His Majesty's Royal Approbation: Together +with the Testimony of many eminent +Doctors and Chyrurgeons. Sold by Samuel +Lowndes, over-against Exeter Change in +the Strand." 2. "<cite>Chæradelogia</cite>; or an +Exact Discourse of Strumaes, or King's Evil +Swellings; wherein are discovered their +Names and Natures, Differences, Causes, +Signs, Presages, and Cure, in that modest +and plain Dress, that the meanest capacity +may hereby find out the Disease." 3. <cite>Charisma +Basilicon</cite>; or, the Royal Gift of Healing +Strumaes, or King's Evil, Swellings, by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span> +Contact or Imposition of the Sacred Hands +of our Kings of England and of France, +given them at their Inaugurations. Shewing +the Gift itself, and its continued Use, declaring +all Persons Healed thereby, without +any respect either to their Age, Sex, Temper, +or Constitution; with the Manner, Form, +and Ceremonies thereof; and divers general +Rules for the meanest capacity to find out +the Disease. The best expedient to prevent +poor People from unnecessary Journeys. +The whole concluded with above Sixty admirable +Cures, performed with and without +Gold, by His Majesty's Benediction; by His +Late Majesty's precious Blood; and the +like." Prefixed to the work is a portrait of +Browne, engraved by R. White, inscribed +"Johannes Browne, Regis Britannici necnon +Nosocomii sui Chirurgus Ordinarius;" and +a curious frontispiece, also engraved by White, +entitled "The Royal Gift of Healing," representing +Charles II. seated on his Throne, +surrounded by his Court, touching for the +King's Evil.</p> + +<p>This ceremony seems to have been in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span> +high vogue during this reign. "The King +gives freely," says Mr. Browne, "not calling +the Angels to witness, nor sinking so +low as others do, to perform the same by +Black Art or Inchantment. He does it with +a pure heart, in the presence of the Almighty, +who knows all things, without superstition, +curing all that approach his Royal Touch. +And this I may frankly presume to aver, +that never any of his Predecessors have +ever exercised it more, or more willingly +or freely, whose wonderful effects, and certainty +of cure, we must and shall ever acknowledge<a name="FNanchor_216_216" id="FNanchor_216_216"></a><a href="#Footnote_216_216" class="fnanchor">[216]</a>."</p> + +<p>This is followed by accounts of about 70 +"wonderful and miraculous cures, performed +by his Majesty's Sacred Hands;" and also +by "An Account of the Number of Persons +touched for the King's Evil, from May 1660 +to September 1664, from the Registers kept +by Thomas Haynes, Esq. Serjeant of the +Chapel Royal; from which I shall copy the +totals of each year:</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span></p> + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="cures"> +<tr><td align="left">1660 </td><td align="left">6725</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1661</td><td align="left">4619</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1662</td><td align="left">4275</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1663</td><td align="left">4667</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1664</td><td align="left">3335</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>Another account, kept by Mr. Thomas +Donkley, Keeper of his Majesty's Closet belonging +to the Chapel Royal, continues the +Numbers as follows:</p> + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="donkley"> +<tr><td align="left">1667</td><td align="left">3078</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1668</td><td align="left">3543</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1669</td><td align="left">2983</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1670</td><td align="left">3377</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1671</td><td align="left">3568</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1672</td><td align="left">3771</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1673</td><td align="left">4457</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1674</td><td align="left">5079</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1675</td><td align="left">3471</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1676</td><td align="left">4454</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1677</td><td align="left">4607</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1678</td><td align="left">3456</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1679</td><td align="left">3752</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1680</td><td align="left">3796</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1681</td><td align="left">2461</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">1682</td><td align="left">8577</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Summa Totalis</td><td> </td><td align="left">92,107</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>QUEEN ANNE.</h3> + +<p>It appears by the Newspapers of the time, +that on the 30th of March, 1714, <em>two hundred</em> +persons were touched by Queen Anne<a name="FNanchor_217_217" id="FNanchor_217_217"></a><a href="#Footnote_217_217" class="fnanchor">[217]</a>. +Amongst these was <em>Samuel Johnson</em>, afterwards +the justly celebrated Moral Writer. +He was sent by the advice of Sir John +Floyer, then a Physician at Lichfield; and +many years afterwards, being asked if he +could remember Queen Anne, said, "he had +a confused, but somehow a sort of solemn recollection +of a Lady in diamonds, and a long +black hood."</p> + +<p>The Honourable Daines Barrington<a name="FNanchor_218_218" id="FNanchor_218_218"></a><a href="#Footnote_218_218" class="fnanchor">[218]</a> has +preserved an anecdote, which he heard from +an old man who was witness in a cause with +respect to this supposed miraculous power of +Healing. "He had, by his evidence, fixed +the time of a fact, by Queen Anne's having +been at Oxford, and touched him, whilst a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span> +child, for the Evil. When he had finished +his evidence, I had an opportunity of asking +him, whether he was really cured? Upon +which he answered, with a significant smile, +"that he believed himself to have never had +any complaint that deserved to be considered +as the Evil; but that his parents were poor, +<em>and had no objection to the bit of gold</em>."</p> + +<p>The learned and honourable Writer very +properly observes on this occasion, "that this +piece of gold, which was given to those who +were touched, accounts for the great resort +upon this occasion, and the supposed afterwards +miraculous cures."</p> + + +<h3>GEORGE I.</h3> + +<p>Although this Monarch, who succeeded to +the Crown in 1714, had the good sense not +to pretend to this miraculous Gift, it was assumed +by the Descendants of the race of +Stuarts. And it is well recollected, that Mr. +Carte's (in other respects very excellent) +"History of England" fell into almost<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span> +immediate disrepute, on his making, in one +of his notes, a bold assertion, the substance +of which shall be here given:</p> + +<blockquote> + +<p>"Whatever is to be said in favour of its being +appropriated to the eldest Descendant of the first +branch of the Royal Line of the Kings of France, +England, &c. I have <em>myself</em> seen a very remarkable +instance of such a cure, which could not possibly be +ascribed to the Royal <em>Unction</em>. One Christopher +Lovel, born at Wells in Somersetshire, but when he +grew up residing in the City of Bristol, where he got +his living by labour, was extremely afflicted for many +years with that distemper, and such a flow of the scrophulous +humour, that, though it found a vent by five +running sores about his breast, neck, and arms, there +was such a tumour on one side of his neck, as left no +hollow between his cheek and the upper part of his +left shoulder, and forced him to keep his head always +awry. The young man was reduced, by the virulence +of the humour, to the lowest state of weakness; appeared +a miserable object in the eyes of all the inhabitants +of that populous city; and, having for many +years tried all the remedies which the art of physic +could administer, without receiving any benefit, resolved +at last to go <em>abroad</em> to be touched. He had an +uncle in the place, who was an old seaman, and carried +him from Bristol, at the end of August, A. D. 1716, +along with him to Cork in Ireland, where he put him +on board a ship that was bound to St. Martin's in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span> +Isle of Ree. From thence Christopher made his way +first to Paris, and thence to the place where he was +touched, in the beginning of November following, by +the eldest lineal Descendant of a race of Kings, who +had, indeed, for a long succession of ages, cured that +distemper by the <em>Royal Touch</em>. But this descendant +and next heir of their blood had not, at least at that +time, been crowned or <em>anointed</em>. The usual effect, +however, followed: from the moment that the man +was touched and invested with the narrow riband, to +which a small piece of silver was pendant, according +to the rites prescribed in the office appointed by the +Church for that solemnity, the humour dispersed insensibly, +his sores healed up, and he recovered strength +daily, till he arrived in perfect health, in the beginning +of January following, at Bristol, having spent +only four months and some few days in his voyage. +There it was, and in the week preceding St. Paul's +fair, that I saw the man, in his recovered vigour of +body, without any remains of his complaint, but what +were to be seen in the red scars then left upon the +five places where the sharp humour had found a vent, +but which were otherwise entirely healed, and as +sound as any other part of his body. Dr. Lane, an +eminent physician in the place, whom I visited on my +arrival, told me of this cure, as the most wonderful +thing that ever happened; and pressed me as well to +see the man upon whom it was performed, as to talk +about his case with Mr. Samuel Pye, a very skilful<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span> +surgeon, and I believe still living in that city, who had +tried in vain, for three years together, to cure the +man by physical remedies. I had an opportunity of +doing both; and Mr. Pye, after dining together, carrying +me to the man, I examined and informed myself +fully of all particulars, relating as well to his illness +as his cure; and found upon the whole, that if it is +not to be deemed miraculous, it at least deserved the +character given it by Dr. Lane, of being one of the +most wonderful events that has ever happened."</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span></p> + + +<p class="center">APPENDIX, No. I.</p> + +<p class="hanging"><em>The Ceremonies for the Healing of them +that be diseased with the King's Evil, as +they were practised in the time of King +Henry VII</em><a name="FNanchor_219_219" id="FNanchor_219_219"></a><a href="#Footnote_219_219" class="fnanchor">[219]</a>.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—First, the King, kneeling, shall +begin, and say,</p> + +<p>In nomine Patris, et Filii, et Spiritûs +Sancti. Amen.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—And so soon as He hath said +that, He shall say, Benedicite.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—The Chaplain, kneeling before +the King, having a stole about his neck, +shall answer, and say,</p> + +<p>Dominus sit in corde tuo et labiis tuis, ad +confitendum omnia peccata tua, in nomine +Patris, et Filii, et Spiritûs Sancti. Amen.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—Or else to say,</p> + +<p>Jesus nos exaudiat, in nomine Patris, et +Filii, et Spiritûs Sancti.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span></p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—Then by and by the King shall +say, Confiteor Deo, Beatæ Mariæ Virgini, +Omnibus Sanctis, et Vobis, quia peccavi +nimis in cogitatione, locutione, et opere, mea +culpa [sic.] Precor Sanctam Mariam, omnes +Sanctos Dei, et Vos, orare pro me.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—The Chaplain shall answer, +and say,</p> + +<p>Misereatur Vestri Omnipotens Deus, et +demittat Vobis omnia peccata Vestra, liberet +Vos ab omni malo, salvet et confirmet in +bono, et ad vitam perducat æternam. Amen.</p> + +<p>Absolutionem et Remissionem omnium +peccatorum Vestrorum, spatium veræ pœnitentiæ, +et emendationem vitæ, gratiam et +consolationem Sancti Spiritûs, tribuat Vobis +omnipotens et misericors Dominus. Amen.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—This done, the Chaplain shall +say, Dominus Vobiscum.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—The King shall answer,</p> + +<p>Et cum Spiritu tuo.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—The Chaplain.</p> + +<p>Sequentia Sancti Evangelii secundùm Marcum.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—The King shall answer.</p> + +<p>Gloria tibi, Domine.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span></p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—The Chaplain shall read the +Gospel.</p> + +<p>In illo tempore, recumbentibus undecim +Discipulis apparuit illis Jesus; et exprobavit +incredulitatem eorum, et duritiem cordis, qui +iis qui viderant eum resurrexisse, non crediderunt. +Et dixit eis, Euntes in mundum universum, +prædicate Evangelium omni creaturæ. +Qui crediderit et baptizatus fuerit, +salvus erit; qui verò non crediderit, condemnabitur. +Signa autem eos, qui crediderint, +hæc sequentur: In nomine meo dæmonia +ejicient, linguis loquentur novis, serpentes +tollent; et si mortiferum quid biberint +non eis nocebit; super ægros manus +imponent, et bene [seipsos] habebunt.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—Which clause [super ægros, +&c.] the Chaplain repeats as long as the +King is handling the Sick Person. And in +the time of the repeating the aforesaid words +[super ægros, &c.] the Clerk of the Closet +shall kneel before the King, having the Sick +Person upon the right hand, and the Sick +Person shall likewise kneel before the King; +and then the King shall lay his hand upon +the Sore of the Sick Person. This done, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span> +Chaplain shall make an end of the Gospel; +and in the mean time the Chirurgeon shall +lead away the Sick Person from the King.</p> + +<p>—Et Dominus quidem Jesus, postquam +locutus est eis, assumptus est in cœlum, et +sedet à dextris Dei. Illi autem profecti, prædicaverunt +ubique, Domino cooperante, et +sermonem confirmante, sequentibus signis.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—Then the Chaplain shall begin +to say again, Dominus Vobiscum.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—The King shall answer,</p> + +<p>Et cum spiritu tuo.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—The Chaplain. Initium Sancti +Evangelii secundum Joannem.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—The King shall say.</p> + +<p>Gloria tibi, Domine.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—The Chaplain then shall say +this Gospel following.</p> + +<p>In principio erat Verbum, et Verbum erat +apud Deum, et Deus erat Verbum. Hoc +erat in principio apud Deum. Omnia per +ipsum facta sunt; et sine ipso factum est +nihil, quod factum est: in ipso vita erat, et +vita erat Lux hominum; et Lux in tenebris +lucet, et Tenebræ eam non comprehenderunt. +Fuit homo missus a Deo, cui nomen erat<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span> +Joannes. Hic venit in testimonium, ut testimonium +perhiberet de lumine, ut omnes +crederent per illum. Non erat ille Lux, sed +ut testimonium perhiberet de lumine. Erat +Lux vera quæ illuminat omnem hominem +venientem in hunc mundum.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—Which last clause [Erat Lux +vera, &c.] shall still be repeated so long as +the King shall be crossing the Sore of the Sick +Person with an Angel Noble. And the Sick +Person to have the same Angel hanged about +his neck, and to wear it until he be full whole.</p> + +<p>This done, the Chirurgeon shall lead away +the Sick Person, as he did before; and then the +Chaplain shall make an end of the Gospel.</p> + +<p>—In mundo erat, et mundus per ipsum +factus est, et mundus eum non cognovit. In +propria venit, et sui eum non receperunt. +Quot quot autem receperunt eum dedit eis +potestatem filios Dei fieri, his, qui credunt in +nomine ejus, qui non ex sanguinibus, neque +ex voluntate carnis, neque ex voluntate viri, +sed ex Deo nati sunt. Et Verbum caro factum +est, et habitavit in nobis; et vidimus +gloriam ejus, gloriam quasi unigeniti a Patre, +plenum gratiæ et veritatis.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span></p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—Then the Chaplain shall say,</p> + +<p>Sit nomen Domini benedictum.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—The King shall answer,</p> + +<p>Ex hoc nunc et usque in seculum.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—Then shall the Chaplain say +this Collect following, praying for the Sick +Person or Persons.</p> + +<p>Domine exaudi orationem meam [nostram].</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—The King shall answer,</p> + +<p class="center">Et clamor meus [noster] ad te veniat.<br /> +Oremus.</p> + +<p>Omnipotens sempiterne Deus, salus æterna +credentium, exaudi nos pro famulis tuis, pro +quibus misericordiæ tuæ imploramus auxilium, +ut, redditâ sibi sanitate, tibi in Ecclesiâ +tuâ referant actiones. Per Christum Dominum +nostrum. Amen.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—This Prayer is to be said secretly, +after the Sick Persons are departed +from the King, at his pleasure.</p> + +<p>Dominator Domine Deus Omnipotens, +cujus benignitate cæci vident, surdi audiunt, +muti loquuntur, claudi ambulant, leprosi mundantur, +omnes infirmorum curantur languores, +et à quo solo donum Sanationis humano +generi etiam tribuitur, et tanta gratia<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span> +pro incredibili tuâ ergà hoc regnum bonitate, +Regibus ejusdem concessa est, ut solâ +manuum illorum impositione, morbus gravissimus +fœtidissimusque depellatur: concede +propitius ut tibi propterea gratias agamus, et +pro isto singulari beneficio in nos collato, non +nobis ipsis, sed nomini tuo assiduè gloriam +demus, nosque sic ad pietatem semper exerceamus, +ut tuam nobis donatam gratiam +non solùm diligenter conservare, sed indies +magis magisque adaugere laboremus; et +præsta ut quorumcunque corporibus in nomine +tuo manus imposuerimus, hâc tuâ virtute +in illis operante et nobis ministrantibus, +ad pristinam sanitatem restituantur, eam conservent, +et pro eâdem tibi, ut summo Medico +et omnium morborum depulsori, perpetuò nobiscum +gratias agant; sicque deinceps vitam +instituant, ut non corpus solùm ab infirmitate, +sed anima etiam à peccato omnino sanata +videatur. Per Dominum nostrum Jesum +Christum Filium tuum, qui tecum vivit et +regnat in unitate Sancti Spiritûs, per omnia +secula seculorum. Amen.<a name="FNanchor_220_220" id="FNanchor_220_220"></a><a href="#Footnote_220_220" class="fnanchor">[220]</a></p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span></p> + +<p class="center">APPENDIX, No. II.</p> + +<p class="center">From a <span class="smcap">Folio Prayer Book</span>, printed 1710.</p> + +<p class="center"><em>At the Healing.</em></p> + +<p>Prevent us, O Lord, &c.</p> + +<p class="center">Gospel.</p> + +<p>From the 16th Chapter of St. Mark, beginning +at the 14th Verse: "Afterwards he +appeared, &c." to the end of the Chapter: +"and confirming the Word with Signs following."</p> + +<p class="center">Let us pray.</p> + +<p class="noind">Lord have mercy upon us.<br /> +Christ, &c.<br /> +Lord, &c.<br /> +Our Father, &c. +</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—[Then shall the Infirm Persons, +one by one, be presented to the Queen upon +their Knees; and, as every one is presented, +and while the Queen is laying her Hands +upon them, and putting the Gold about their +necks, the Chaplain that officiates, turning<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span> +himself to her Majesty, shall say these words +following:]</p> + +<p>God give a Blessing to this Work; and +grant that <em>these</em> Sick Persons, on whom the +Queen lays her Hands, may recover, through +Jesus Christ our Lord.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—[After all have been presented, +the Chaplain shall say,]</p> + +<p><em>Verse.</em>—O Lord, save thy Servants;</p> + +<p><em>Resp.</em>—Who put their Trust in Thee.</p> + +<p><em>Verse.</em>—Send them Help from thy Holy +Place.</p> + +<p><em>Resp.</em>—And evermore mightily defend +them.</p> + +<p><em>Verse.</em>—Help us, O God of our Salvation.</p> + +<p><em>Resp.</em>—And, for the Glory of thy Name +deliver us, and be merciful to us Sinners for +thy Name's Sake.</p> + +<p><em>Verse.</em>—O Lord, hear our Prayers.</p> + +<p><em>Resp.</em>—And let our Cry come unto Thee.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—[These answers are to be made +by them that come to be healed.]</p> + +<p class="center">Let us pray.</p> + +<p>O Almighty God, who art the Giver of all +Health, and the Aid of them that seek to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span> +thee for Succour, we call upon thee for thy +Health and Goodness mercifully to be shewed +upon these thy Servants, that they, being +healed of their Infirmities, may give Thanks +unto thee in thy Holy Church, through Jesus +Christ our Lord. Amen.</p> + +<p><em>Rubrick.</em>—[Then the Chaplain, standing +with his face towards them that come to be +healed, shall say,]</p> + +<p>The Almighty Lord, who is a most strong +Tower to all them that put their Trust in +him; to whom all things in Heaven, in +Earth, and under the Earth, do bow and obey, +be now and evermore your Defence; and make +you know and feel, that there is none other +Name under Heaven given to Man, in whom, +and through whom, you may receive Health +and Salvation, but only the Name of our Lord +Jesus Christ. Amen.</p> + +<p>The Grace of our Lord, &c. Amen.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span></p> + + +<p class="center">APPENDIX, No. III.</p> + +<p class="hanging"><em>The Ceremonies of Blessing Cramp-Rings +on Good-Friday, used by the Catholick +Kings of England.</em></p> + +<p>The Psalme "Deus misereatur nostri," &c. +with the "Gloria Patri."</p> + +<p>May God take pity upon us, and blesse +us;* may he send forth the light of his face +upon us, and take pity on us.</p> + +<p>That we may know thy ways on earth* +among all nations thy salvation.</p> + +<p>May people acknowledge thee, O God:* +may all people acknowledge thee.</p> + +<p>Let nations reioice, and be glad, because +thou iudgest people with equity,* and doest +guide nations on the earth.</p> + +<p>May people acknowledge thee, O God, +may all people acknowledge thee,* the earth +has sent forth her fruit.</p> + +<p>May God blesse us, that God who is ours:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span> +may that God blesse us,* and may all the +bounds of the earth feare him.</p> + +<p>Glory be to the Father, and to the Son,* +and to the Holy Ghost.</p> + +<p>As it was in the beginning, and now, and +ever,* and for ever, and ever. Amen.</p> + +<p>Then the King reades this Prayer:</p> + +<p>Almighty eternal God, who by the most +copious gifts of thy grace, flowing from the +unexhausted fountain of thy bounty, hast +been graciously pleased, for the comfort of +mankind, continually to grant us many and +various meanes to relieve us in our miseries; +and art willing to make those the instruments +and channels of thy gifts, and to grace those +persons with more excellent favours, whom +thou hast raised to the Royal dignity; to the +end that, as by Thee they Reign, and govern +others, so by Thee they may prove beneficial +to them, and bestow thy favours on the people: +Graciously heare our prayers, and favourably +receive those vows we powre forth +with humility, that Thou mayst grant to us, +who beg with the same confidence the favour +which our Ancestours, by their hopes in thy<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span> +mercy have obtained: through Christ our +Lord. Amen.</p> + +<p>The Rings lying in one bason or more, +this prayer is to be said over them:</p> + +<p>O God, the Maker of heavenly and earthly +creatures, and the most gracious Restorer of +mankind, the Dispenser of spiritual grace, and +the Origin of all blessings; send downe from +heaven thy Holy Spirit the Comforter upon +these Rings, artificially fram'd by the workman; +and by thy greate power purify them +so, that all the malice of the fowle and venomous +Serpent be driven out; and so the +metal, which by Thee was created, may remaine +pure, and free from all dregs of the +enemy: through Christ our Lord. Amen.</p> + +<p>The Blessing of the Rings.</p> + +<p>O God of Abraham, God of Isaac, God of +Jacob, heare mercifully our prayers. Spare +those who feare Thee. Be propitious to thy +suppliants; and graciously be pleased to send +downe from Heaven thy holy Angel, that he +may sanctify ✠ and blesse ✠ these Rings; to +the end they may prove a healthy remedy to +such as implore thy name with humility, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span> +accuse themselves of the sins which ly upon +their conscience: who deplore their crimes +in the sight of thy divine clemency, and beseech, +with earnestness and humility, thy +most serene piety. May they in fine, by the +invocation of thy holy name, become profitable +to all such as weare them, for the health +of their soule and body, through Christ our +Lord. Amen.</p> + +<p class="center">A Blessing.</p> + +<p>O God, who hast manifested the greatest +wonders of thy power by the cure of diseases, +and who were pleased that Rings should be +a pledge of fidelity in the Patriark Judah, a +priestly ornament in Aaron, the mark of a +faithful guardian in Darius, and in this Kingdom +a remedy for divers diseases; graciously +be pleased to blesse ✠ and sanctify ✠ these +Rings; to the end that all such who weare +them may be free from all snares of the Devil, +may be defended by the power of celestial +armour; and that no contraction of the nerves, +or any danger of the falling-sickness, may infest +them; but that in all sort of diseases by +thy help they may find relief. In the name<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span> +of the Father, ✠ and of the Son, ✠ and of +the Holy Ghost. ✠ Amen.</p> + +<p>Blesse, O my soule, the Lord,* and let +all things which are within me praise his +holy name.</p> + +<p>Blesse, O my soule, the Lord,* and do +not forget all his favours.</p> + +<p>He forgives all thy iniquities,* he heales +all thy infirmities.</p> + +<p>He redeemes thy life from ruin,* he +crownes thee with mercy and commiseration.</p> + +<p>He fils thy desires with what is good:* +thy youth, like that of the eagle, shall be renewed.</p> + +<p>The Lord is he who does mercy,* and does, +iustice to those who suffer wrong.</p> + +<p>The merciful and pitying Lord:* the long +sufferer, and most mighty merciful.</p> + +<p>He wil not continue his anger for ever;* +neither wil he threaten for ever.</p> + +<p>He has not dealt with us in proportion to +our sins;* nor has he rendered unto us according +to our offences.</p> + +<p>Because according to the distance of heaven +from earth,* so has he enforced his mercies, +upon those who feare him.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span></p> + +<p>As far distant as the east is from the west,* +so far has he divided our offences from us.</p> + +<p>After the manner that a Father takes pity +of his sons; so has the Lord taken pity of +those who feare him;* because he knows +what we are made of.</p> + +<p>He remembers that we are but dust. Man, +like hay, such are his days;* like the flower +in the field, so wil he fade away.</p> + +<p>Because his breath wil passe away through +him, and he wil not be able to subsist,* and +it wil find no longer its owne place.</p> + +<p>But the mercy of the Lord is from all +eternity;* and wil be for ever upon those +who feare him.</p> + +<p>And his iustice comes upon the children of +their children,* to those who keep his wil.</p> + +<p>And are mindful of his commandments,* +to performe them.</p> + +<p>The Lord in heaven has prepared himself +a throne, and his kingdom shall reign over +all.</p> + +<p>Blesse yee the Lord, all yee Angels of his; +yee who are powerful in strength:* who +execute his commands, at the hearing of his +voice when he speakes.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span></p> + +<p>Blesse yee the Lord, all yee vertues of his:* +yee Ministers who execute his wil.</p> + +<p>Blesse yee the Lord, all yee works of his +throughout all places of his dominions:* my +Soule praise thou the Lord.</p> + +<p>Glory be to the Father, and to the Son,* +and to the Holy Ghost.</p> + +<p>As it was in the beginning, and now and +ever,* and for ever and ever. Amen.</p> + +<p>Wee humbly implore, O merciful God, +thy infinit clemency; that as we come to +Thee with a confident soule, and sincere faith, +and a pious assurance of mind: with the like +devotion thy beleevers may follow on these +tokens of thy grace. May all superstition be +banished hence; far be all suspicion of any +diabolical fraud; and to the glory of thy +name let all things succeede: to the end thy +beleevers may understand Thee to be the dispenser +of all good; and may be sensible, and +publish, that whatsoever is profitable to soule +or body, is derived from Thee: through Christ +our Lord. Amen.</p> + +<p>These Prayers being said, the King's Highnes +rubbeth the Rings between his hands, +saying,</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span></p> + +<p>Sanctify, O Lord, these Rings, and graciously +bedew them with the dew of thy benediction, +and consecrate them by the rubbing +of our hands, which thou hast been pleased +according to our ministery to sanctify by an +external effusion of holy oyle upon them: to +the end that what the nature of the mettal +is not able to performe, may be wrought +by the greatnes of thy grace: through Christ +our Lord. Amen.</p> + +<p>Then must holy water be cast on the Rings, +saying,</p> + +<p>In the name of the Father, and of the Son, +and of the Holy Ghost. Amen.</p> + +<p>O Lord, the only begotten Son of God, +Mediatour of God and men, Jesus Christ, in +whose name alone salvation is sought for; +and to such as hope in thee givest an easy +acces to thy Father: who, when conversing +among men, thyself a man, didst promise, by +an assured oracle flowing from thy sacred +mouth, that thy Father should grant whatever +was asked him in thy name: Lend a gracious +eare of pity to these prayers of ours; to +the end that, approaching with confidence to +the throne of thy grace, the beleevers may<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span> +find, by the benefits conferr'd upon them, that +by thy mediation we have obtained what we +have most humbly begd in thy name: who +livest and reignest with God the Father, in +the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God for +ever and ever. Amen.</p> + +<p>Wee beseech thee, O Lord, that the Spirit, +which proceedes from thee, may prevent and +follow on our desires; to the end that what +we beg with confidence for the good of the +faithful, we may efficaciously obtaine by thy +gracious gift: through Christ our Lord. +Amen.</p> + +<p>O most clement God; Father, Son, and +Holy Ghost; wee supplicate and beseech +thee, that what is here performed by pious +ceremonies to the sanctifying of thy name, +may be prevalent to the defense of our soule +and body on earth; and profitable to a more +ample felicity in heaven: who livest and +reignest God, world without end. Amen.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2><span class="oldenglish">Stemmata Magnatum.</span></h2> + +<p class="center"><big>ORIGIN OF THE TITLES</big><br /> + +<small>OF SOME OF THE</small><br /> + +<big>ENGLISH NOBILITY</big>.</p> +<p class="center">————</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"When Adam dolve, and Eva span,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Who was then a Gentleman?<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Then came the Churle, and gather'd Good;<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And thence arose the Gentle Blood."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>"It is an ancient received saying, that there is no +Poverty but is descended of Nobility; nor no Nobility +but is descended of Beggary."</p> + +<p class="sig"> +History of the Gwedir Family, p. 94. +</p> +<p class="center">————</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Westmoreland</span>, Earl.—From the +County.</p> + +<p><em>Burghersh</em><a name="FNanchor_221_221" id="FNanchor_221_221"></a><a href="#Footnote_221_221" class="fnanchor">[221]</a>, Baron (<em>Fane</em>).—Bartholomew, +Baron of Burghersh, was the Tenth<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span> +Knight of the Order of the Garter, at the +Institution 1350; who left a Daughter and +Heir, who married Edward Le Despenser; +which official Title was afterwards erected +into a Barony by Summons, A. D. 1285; +and was for a long time merged in the Family +of Fane, Earl of Westmoreland, till the +failure of Male Issue in a direct line, 1762. +The Earldom and Barony of Burghersh +passed to a distant branch, of the name of +Fane; but the Barony of Le Despenser went +by a Female to Sir Francis Dashwood, Bart. +in right of his Mother.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Le Despenser</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Stapleton</span>).—A +nominal Title from official derivation. It +was held originally by Descent and Summons, +A.D. 1295. Anno 23 Edward I. it passed by +Marriage to the Earl of Westmoreland; and, +being a Fee, descended to Sir Francis Dashwood, +Bart.; and after him to his Sister, +Lady Austen, and now, 1788, is vested +in Sir Thomas Stapleton, Bart. of Oxfordshire.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span></p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Wentworth</span><a name="FNanchor_222_222" id="FNanchor_222_222"></a><a href="#Footnote_222_222" class="fnanchor">[222]</a>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Noel</span>).—After +the Barony of <em>Wentworth</em> had continued +for several successions in the name of +<em>Wentworth</em>, of Nettlestead in Suffolk, the +Title devolved on Anne, the Wife of John +Lord Lovelace, whose Daughter Martha +inherited the Barony of <em>Wentworth</em>, and to +whom the Title was confirmed, by Descent, +in Parliament, A.D. 1702; and she walked at +the Coronation of Queen Anne as Baroness +<em>Wentworth</em> in her own right. She dying +without Issue, 1745, the Title devolved on the +Descendants of Sir William <em>Noel</em>, Bart. who +had married Margaret, another Daughter of +Lord Lovelace, by Anne, the Heiress of +Wentworth Lord <em>Wentworth</em>. Hence the +Title passed to Edward, the eldest Son of +Sir Clobery <em>Noel</em>, Bart. who succeeded to his +Father's Title of Baronet, 1733; and to the +Barony of <em>Wentworth</em>, as Heir of Margaret,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span> +1745. He was created Viscount Wentworth +of Wellesborough, co. Leic. 1762.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Howland</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Russell</span>).—A Barony +in the Duke of Bedford, granted in +honour of Elizabeth, Daughter of John +Howland, Esq. of Streatham in Surrey (by +whom the Family acquired that estate), who +married Wriothesley, Grandson of the first +Duke of Bedford, and the eldest Son of Lord +William Russell, who was beheaded 1683<a name="FNanchor_223_223" id="FNanchor_223_223"></a><a href="#Footnote_223_223" class="fnanchor">[223]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Normanby</span>, Marquis, extinct (<span class="smcap">Sheffield</span>).—The +second Title of Sheffield +Duke of Buckingham, taken from an obscure +place in Lincolnshire.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Chandos</span>, Duke (<span class="smcap">Brydges</span>).—The Patent +is dated April 29, 1719, wherein the +Grantee is styled "Duke of Chandos in the +County of Hereford." The Dukedom became +extinct, by the death of James the third Duke, +s. p. 1789. The Barony exists (1790), if a +claim to it can be established, as that creation +bears date A. D. 1554.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span></p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Arundel OF Wardour</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Arundel</span><a name="FNanchor_224_224" id="FNanchor_224_224"></a><a href="#Footnote_224_224" class="fnanchor">[224]</a>).—From +Wardour Castle in Wiltshire. +He is a Count of the Empire by Grant of +Rodolph II. A. D. 1595<a name="FNanchor_225_225" id="FNanchor_225_225"></a><a href="#Footnote_225_225" class="fnanchor">[225]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Sondes</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Watson</span>).—A revived +Title, from the inheritance of part of the estates +of Lewis Watson, Earl of Rockingham +and Viscount <em>Sondes</em>. Lewis Watson, having +married the Heiress of Sir George <em>Sondes</em>, +K.B. was created Earl of Rockingham and +Viscount <em>Sondes</em>, in honour of his Wife's +Father, 1714; so that the present Title is +nominal. The Estate at Lees-Court in Kent +came by the above marriage.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Onslow and Cranley</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Onslow</span>).—This +Barony is both nominal and local, +for the Family came from Onslow in Shropshire. +Their first settlement in Surrey was +at Knowle, in the Parish of <em>Cranley</em>, whence<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span> +came the second Barony by creation to George +Onslow, the Son of Arthur (the Speaker), in +the life-time of his Cousin Richard, then +Lord Onslow, 1776. The original Patent, +1716, to Richard (who was Speaker also) +the eldest Son of Sir Arthur Onslow, Bart. +was limited to the Heirs Male of his Father, +which carried the Title of Baron Onslow of +Onslow and Clendon<a name="FNanchor_226_226" id="FNanchor_226_226"></a><a href="#Footnote_226_226" class="fnanchor">[226]</a>, to the Son of Arthur +(the Speaker), on the death of his Cousin +Richard Lord Onslow, 1776<a name="FNanchor_227_227" id="FNanchor_227_227"></a><a href="#Footnote_227_227" class="fnanchor">[227]</a>.</p> + +<p>N.B. George Lord Onslow and <em>Cranley</em> +was created into the latter Title, May 14, +1776; and succeeded his Cousin Richard in +the Title of Onslow, on the 8th of the following +October.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Berkeley</span>, Earl.—From Berkeley Castle, +the present Seat of the Family, in Gloucestershire. +The Barony of Berkeley is a +Feudal Honour by the Tenure of the Castle +of Berkeley; and the Possessor of it had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span> +Summons to Parliament as a Baron by that +Tenure, anno 23 Edward I.<a name="FNanchor_228_228" id="FNanchor_228_228"></a><a href="#Footnote_228_228" class="fnanchor">[228]</a></p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Dursley</span>, Viscount.—From Dursley in +Gloucestershire, the original Seat of the +Family.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">De Clifford</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Southwell</span>).—From +Clifford Castle in Herefordshire; where +Walter Fitz-Ponce, whose Father possessed +it by marriage, resided, and took the name +of Clifford. The first Fitz-Ponce came hither +with the Conqueror, to whom he was related. +The Barony passed in the Female Line to +the Family of Southwell, to which it was +confirmed A.D. 1775. The first Summons +to Parliament was anno 23 Edward I. 1295.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Ducie</span>, Baron, <span class="smcap">of Morton and Tortworth +(Reynolds)</span>.—The Peer of the +name of <em>Ducie</em> was descended from Sir +Robert Ducie, Lord Mayor of London, 1631;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span> +and who had been created a Baronet<a name="FNanchor_229_229" id="FNanchor_229_229"></a><a href="#Footnote_229_229" class="fnanchor">[229]</a>. The +Issue Male of the name of <em>Ducie</em> failing, the +Title was renewed by Patent, 1763, to +Matthew Ducie, Lord Ducie of <em>Morton</em> in +Staffordshire; with a Limitation to Thomas +and Francis <em>Reynolds</em>, his Nephews, and +their Heirs Male successively, by the Style +of Lord Ducie of <em>Tortworth</em> in Gloucestershire. +<em>Thomas</em> Reynolds succeeded to this +Title on the death of his Uncle, 1770; and +dying without Issue 1785, it devolved on his +Brother <em>Francis;</em> who dying in 1808, was +succeeded by his Son Thomas, present Lord +Ducie.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Powis</span>, Earl (<span class="smcap">Herbert</span>).—Powis is a +part of Shropshire bordering on Wales; and +was formerly a little Kingdom, still known +by the name of Powis-Land. The first Baron +was created by Henry I. on a surrender +of the actual Territory, and an acknowledgment +of service<a name="FNanchor_230_230" id="FNanchor_230_230"></a><a href="#Footnote_230_230" class="fnanchor">[230]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ludlow</span>, Viscount.—From the Town of +that name in Shropshire<a name="FNanchor_231_231" id="FNanchor_231_231"></a><a href="#Footnote_231_231" class="fnanchor">[231]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Audley</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Thicknesse-Touchet</span>). +Audley is in Staffordshire. John Touchet +married Joan, eldest Daughter of Lord Audley +of Heleigh, whose Descendant was found +Heir, and had Summons to Parliament, A.D. +1296<a name="FNanchor_232_232" id="FNanchor_232_232"></a><a href="#Footnote_232_232" class="fnanchor">[232]</a>. The honour of Peerage in the name +of Touchet, who was also Earl of Castlehaven +in Ireland, ended in a Daughter (Lady +Elizabeth), who married Philip Thicknesse, +Esq. and died in 1762, leaving Issue; the +Barony (being a Fee) passed to George +Thicknesse, her Son, on the death of the +Earl of Castlehaven, 1777; and who has +taken, by sign-manual, 1784, the additional +name of Touchet. The Earldom is extinct.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Abergavenny</span>, Earl (<span class="smcap">Nevile</span>).—This +is a Title derived from a Lord Marcher, and +taken, among many others now merged or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span> +extinct, from the place conquered. Mr. +Pennant says, it is the only surviving Title of +that nature<a name="FNanchor_233_233" id="FNanchor_233_233"></a><a href="#Footnote_233_233" class="fnanchor">[233]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Nevile</span>, Viscount.—From the Name.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Middleton</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Willoughby</span>).—From +an obscure Village, near Sutton-Coldfield, +in Warwickshire<a name="FNanchor_234_234" id="FNanchor_234_234"></a><a href="#Footnote_234_234" class="fnanchor">[234]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Coventry</span>, Earl.—From the City, or +the Name.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Deerhurst</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Coventry</span>).—From +a place in Gloucestershire.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Stanhope</span>, Earl.—A nominal Title. The +first Peer of this Branch was created Viscount +Stanhope of Mahon, and Baron Stanhope of +Elvaston, in the County of Derby, 1717, +from his having taken Port-Mahon, in the +Island of Minorca, 1708.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span></p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Mahon</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Stanhope</span>).—The +same Peer was created Earl Stanhope 1718, +by which his second Title became "Viscount +Mahon."</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Dudley and Ward</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Ward</span>).—The +Barony of <em>Ward</em> is nominal, and was +conferred in 1644. The Viscounty (by creation +in 1763) is derived from a Village near +Birmingham in Warwickshire.</p> + +<p>N. B. The Viscounty includes both Honours; +the Title being Viscount <em>Dudley and +Ward</em>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Dorchester</span>, Earl (<span class="smcap">Damer</span>).—Lord +Milton, a Baron both of England and Ireland, +was created Earl of Dorchester in <em>Dorsetshire</em>, +1792.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Milton</span>, Viscount.—From Milton Abbey, +the Seat of the Family, in Dorsetshire. +The Title of Viscount was granted by the +Patent in 1792.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span></p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Dorchester</span>, Baron<a name="FNanchor_235_235" id="FNanchor_235_235"></a><a href="#Footnote_235_235" class="fnanchor">[235]</a> (<span class="smcap">Carleton</span>).—Sir +Guy Carleton, K. B. was created Baron +of Dorchester in <em>Oxfordshire</em>, 1786. Sir +Dudley Carleton was created Baron Carleton +1626, and Viscount Dorchester in <em>Oxfordshire</em> +1628. It is, however, denied by the +Heralds that Sir Guy is of that Family.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Leeds</span>, Duke (<span class="smcap">Osborne</span>).—From the +Town of Leeds in Yorkshire.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Carmarthen</span>, Marquis.—From Carmarthen +in Wales.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Danby</span>, Earl.—From a Castle of the +name in Cleveland, a District of Yorkshire.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Albemarle</span>, Earl.—otherwise Aumerle, +and Aumale [Albo Marla, or White Marle], +from a Town in Normandy, which gave Title +to a Peer of France. It was conferred by +William III. when at war with Louis XIV.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span></p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Bury</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Keppel</span>).—In Suffolk.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Harrington</span>, Earl (<span class="smcap">Stanhope</span><a name="FNanchor_236_236" id="FNanchor_236_236"></a><a href="#Footnote_236_236" class="fnanchor">[236]</a>).—From +a Village in Northamptonshire.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Petersham</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Stanhope</span>).—A +Village near Richmond in Surrey<a name="FNanchor_237_237" id="FNanchor_237_237"></a><a href="#Footnote_237_237" class="fnanchor">[237]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Suffolk</span>, Earl.—From the County.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Bindon</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Howard</span>).—In Dorsetshire. +It was the Seat of Lord Marney +(A. D. 1607); and came to this Branch of +the Family of Howard by a Marriage with +the Heiress of Lord Marney<a name="FNanchor_238_238" id="FNanchor_238_238"></a><a href="#Footnote_238_238" class="fnanchor">[238]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Shipbrooke</span>, Viscount.—Richard Vernon +was possessed of the Barony of Shipbroke,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span> +in Cheshire, in the time of Richard +the First<a name="FNanchor_239_239" id="FNanchor_239_239"></a><a href="#Footnote_239_239" class="fnanchor">[239]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Orwell</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Vernon</span>).—Vernon, +Baron of Shipbroke, was one of the Barons +(of the Palatinate of Chester) created by +Hugh Lupus, the first Norman Earl of +Chester. Extinct<a name="FNanchor_240_240" id="FNanchor_240_240"></a><a href="#Footnote_240_240" class="fnanchor">[240]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Beaulieu</span>, Earl; <span class="smcap">Beaulieu</span>, Baron +(<span class="smcap">Hussey-Montague</span>).—Beaulieu is an Abbey +in Hampshire, and was part of the Estate +of John (Montagu) Duke of Montagu, inherited +by his Daughter and Co-heiress the +Duchess of Manchester, who married Sir +Edward Hussey, K. B. Upon this marriage +he took the additional name of Montague.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Vernon</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Vernon</span>).—The Title +is nominal and local, from <em>Vernon</em> in Normandy<a name="FNanchor_241_241" id="FNanchor_241_241"></a><a href="#Footnote_241_241" class="fnanchor">[241]</a>. +The Descent is from Hamon de +Massie-Venables, of Kinderton, in Cheshire,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span> +who was one of Hugh Lupus's Palatinate +Barons, as Earl of Chester.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Harcourt</span>, Earl.—The Title is from the +Name, which is local, from a Town in Normandy, +and which is also the Title of a +French Dukedom.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Nuneham</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Harcourt</span>).—From +the Earl's Seat in Oxfordshire. The +Earldom was erected in 1749.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Grafton</span>, Duke.—From a Village in +Northamptonshire, which was erected into +an Honour, and conferred by King Charles +II. on his Natural Son by the Duchess of +Cleveland.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Euston</span>, Earl (<span class="smcap">Fitzroy</span>).—From the +Seat in Suffolk.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Devonshire</span>, Duke (<span class="smcap">Cavendish</span>).—From +the County. Descended from a Gentleman +Usher to Cardinal Wolsey<a name="FNanchor_242_242" id="FNanchor_242_242"></a><a href="#Footnote_242_242" class="fnanchor">[242]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hartington</span>, Marquis (<span class="smcap">Cavendish</span>).—From +an obscure Village (the Property of the +Duke) in the Peak of Derbyshire.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Dorset</span>, Duke.—From the County. Sir +Lionel Cranfield, Knight, Lord Cranfield, +&c. was a Shop-keeper in London, as his +Father had been before him<a name="FNanchor_243_243" id="FNanchor_243_243"></a><a href="#Footnote_243_243" class="fnanchor">[243]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Effingham</span>, Earl (<span class="smcap">Howard</span>).—From +Effingham in Surrey, a Seat of this Branch +of the Family, and where there was a Castle.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Sussex</span>, Earl.—From the County.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Longueville</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Yelverton</span>).—Sir +Henry Yelverton, the Second Baronet, +married Susan Baroness Grey of Ruthyn, +Daughter and sole Heiress of Charles +Longueville, Lord Grey of Ruthyn. To this +Title the eldest Son of Sir Henry succeeded +on the death of his Mother (being a Barony +in Fee); and was followed by his Brother<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span> +Henry, who was created Viscount Longueville +1690. Talbot Yelverton, the eldest +Son of Henry, was created Earl of Sussex +in 1717.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Beaufort</span>, Duke.—Henry Beaufort, +third Duke of Somerset, temp. Henry VII. +had a Natural Son, to whom he gave the +names of Charles Somerset (afterwards a +Knight), whose Descendant was created +Duke of Beaufort. Thus, by a Child of +Casualty, the Name and Title have changed +positions; as what was Beaufort Duke of +Somerset is now Somerset Duke of Beaufort.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Worcester</span>, Marquis (<span class="smcap">Somerset</span>). From +the City.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Manchester</span>, Duke.—From the Town.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Mandeville</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Montagu</span>).—A +nominal Title from Geoffrey de Mandeville, +who possessed Kimbolton, the Seat +of the Family, temp. Guil. Conq.<a name="FNanchor_244_244" id="FNanchor_244_244"></a><a href="#Footnote_244_244" class="fnanchor">[244]</a></p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span></p> +<p>Mandeville is a Village in Normandy (a +corruption of Magnaville, <em>i. e.</em> Magna Villa), +which gave name to the person who accompanied +William the Conqueror<a name="FNanchor_245_245" id="FNanchor_245_245"></a><a href="#Footnote_245_245" class="fnanchor">[245]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Waldegrave</span>, Earl.—Waldegrave is a +Village in Northamptonshire.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Chewton</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Waldegrave</span>).—From +a place in Somersetshire<a name="FNanchor_246_246" id="FNanchor_246_246"></a><a href="#Footnote_246_246" class="fnanchor">[246]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Mount-Edgecumbe</span>, Earl.—Baron +Edgecumbe by Creation, 1742. Earl of +Mount-Edgecumbe by Creation, 1789. From +the Family Seat in Cornwall.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Valletort</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Edgecumbe</span>).—From +an old Norman Barony (De Valle +Tortâ), with Lands annexed, in Devonshire, +the property of the Family<a name="FNanchor_247_247" id="FNanchor_247_247"></a><a href="#Footnote_247_247" class="fnanchor">[247]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Gainsborough</span>, Earl.—From the Town.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Campden</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Noel</span>).—Campden +is in Gloucestershire.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span></p> + +<p>Sir Baptist Hicks, created Viscount Campden +1628, left two Daughters, the elder of +whom married Lord Noel, one of whose Descendants +(Edward) was created Earl of +Gainsborough 1682.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Digby</span>, Earl.—This Title, when a Barony, +was nominal (though local in itself, +from Digby, co. Lincoln) till Henry, the late +Peer, was created Earl of Digby in 1790. +He dying in 1793, was succeeded by Edward +the present Earl.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Coleshill</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Digby</span>).—In +Warwickshire. The Manor of Coleshill was +forfeited by Sir Simon Montfort, on a charge +of High Treason in supporting Perkin Warbeck; +when it was given to Simon Digby, +then Deputy Constable of Coleshill Castle<a name="FNanchor_248_248" id="FNanchor_248_248"></a><a href="#Footnote_248_248" class="fnanchor">[248]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Montagu</span>, or <span class="smcap">Montacute</span>, Viscount +(<span class="smcap">Browne</span>).—From a high Hill in a Village +in Somersetshire; where William Earl of +Moreton, Maternal Brother to William the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span> +Conqueror, built a Castle, which, as it rises +from its base to a sharp point, he called +<em>Mons acutus</em>. Thus far the tradition; and +Bishop Gibson, in his Edition of Camden's +Britannia, allows this to have been the place +from which Sir Anthony Browne, the first +Viscount, had the Title<a name="FNanchor_249_249" id="FNanchor_249_249"></a><a href="#Footnote_249_249" class="fnanchor">[249]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Rutland</span>, Duke.—From the County.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Granby</span>, Marquis (<span class="smcap">Manners</span>).—From a +Village in Nottinghamshire.</p> + +<p>The Barony of Roos of Hamlake<a name="FNanchor_250_250" id="FNanchor_250_250"></a><a href="#Footnote_250_250" class="fnanchor">[250]</a> gives +Title to the eldest Son of a Marquis of +Granby, in his Father's life-time.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Kent</span>, Duke.—From the County.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Harold</span>, Earl (<span class="smcap">Grey</span>), Extinct.—From +a place of the name in Bedfordshire.</p> + +<p>There was in this Family the Viscounty of +<em>Gooderich</em>, from <em>Gooderich</em> Castle in Herefordshire.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span></p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Abingdon</span>, Earl.—In Berkshire.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Norreys</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Bertie</span>).—James +Bertie, the first Earl of Abingdon (who was +the second Son of Montagu Bertie, the +second Earl of Lindsey) was the Issue of +a second Wife; <em>viz.</em> Bridget Baroness Norreys +of Rycote in her own right. He had +Summons to Parliament as Baron Norreys +in 1572, and was created Earl of Abingdon +in 1682<a name="FNanchor_251_251" id="FNanchor_251_251"></a><a href="#Footnote_251_251" class="fnanchor">[251]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Dacre</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Roper</span>, late <span class="smcap">Barrett-Leonard</span>).—Originally +both nominal and +local, the first Peer having been <em>Dacre</em> of +<i>Dacre</i> Castle in Cumberland.</p> + +<p>Being a Barony in Fee, it has had owners +of different names<a name="FNanchor_252_252" id="FNanchor_252_252"></a><a href="#Footnote_252_252" class="fnanchor">[252]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Godolphin</span>, Earl.—From a Hill (perhaps +anciently a Seigniory) in Cornwall.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span> +The proper name is <em>Godolcan</em>, corrupted into +<em>Godolphin</em>. The word signifies, in the +Cornish language, "White Eagle;" agreeably +to which, the Arms of the Family are, +"Gules, an Eagle displayed between three +Fleurs de Lis Argent<a name="FNanchor_253_253" id="FNanchor_253_253"></a><a href="#Footnote_253_253" class="fnanchor">[253]</a>."</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Rialton</span>, Viscount.—From a Village in +Cornwall<a name="FNanchor_254_254" id="FNanchor_254_254"></a><a href="#Footnote_254_254" class="fnanchor">[254]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Tankerville</span>, Earl.—Originally from a +Town and Castle in Normandy<a name="FNanchor_255_255" id="FNanchor_255_255"></a><a href="#Footnote_255_255" class="fnanchor">[255]</a>. The present +Title is derived from Ford Lord Grey +of Werk, who was created Earl of Tankerville +(a dormant Title in his Family) in 1695. +This Earl left an only Daughter, who married +Charles Bennet, Baron of Ussulston, +who was afterwards (1714) created Earl of +Tankerville.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ussulston</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Bennet</span>).—From +one of the Hundreds of Middlesex.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Arlington</span>, Earl.—The Title was derived +from Arlington in Middlesex, the Seat +of Sir Henry Bennet, who was created Baron +Arlington 1664, and Earl of Arlington in +1672. He died in 1685.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Thetford</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Bennet</span>), Extinct.—In +Norfolk.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Bridgewater</span>, Duke (<span class="smcap">Egerton</span>).—The +Lord Chancellor was the founder of this Family, +and was a Natural Son of Sir Richard +Egerton, Knight, of Ridley in Cheshire, by +the Daughter of one Sparks of Bickerton<a name="FNanchor_256_256" id="FNanchor_256_256"></a><a href="#Footnote_256_256" class="fnanchor">[256]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Grey de Wilton</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Egerton</span>).—The +present Peer (Sir Thomas Egerton,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span> +Bart.) is descended from Bridget, sole Sister +and Heir to Thomas Lord Grey of Wilton, +a Female Barony, denominated from Wilton +in the County of Hereford<a name="FNanchor_257_257" id="FNanchor_257_257"></a><a href="#Footnote_257_257" class="fnanchor">[257]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Hertford</span>, Earl.—From the Town.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Beauchamp</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Conway</span>).—Nominal +and local, from a place in Normandy.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Scarborough</span>, Earl.—From Scarborough +in Yorkshire.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Lumley</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Lumley</span>, with the +additional name of <span class="smcap">Sanderson</span>).—From +Lumley Castle, in the Bishoprick of Durham.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Rivers</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Pitt</span>).—The first of the +name, <em>De Redvers</em>, came hither with William +the Conqueror, and was made Earl of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span> +Devonshire. Baldwin de <em>Redveriis</em> (or <em>Riveriis</em>), +Earl of Devonshire, had Estates in +the neighbourhood of Exeter<a name="FNanchor_258_258" id="FNanchor_258_258"></a><a href="#Footnote_258_258" class="fnanchor">[258]</a>.</p> + +<p>George Pitt, Ancestor of the present Lord +Rivers (created in 1776), married Jane +Daughter of Savage, Earl Rivers of Rock-Savage +in Cheshire, Relict of George, the +sixth Lord Chandos. She brought a large +Estate to her second Husband, partly as +Heiress of Savage Earl Rivers, and partly +from her first Husband.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Darlington</span>, Earl.—From Darlington, +in the Bishoprick of Durham.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Barnard</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Vane</span>).—From Barnard-Castle, +in the Bishoprick of Durham.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Brownlow</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Cust</span>).—A nominal +Title; for Sir Richard Cust, Bart. married +Anne Daughter of Sir William Brownlow, +Bart. Sister, and at length Heir, to John<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span> +Brownlow, Viscount Tyrconnel, of the Kingdom +of Ireland, seated at Belton in Lincolnshire.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Hawkesbury</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Jenkinson</span>).—Though +this Family is styled of Walcot in +Oxfordshire, it was originally seated at +Hawkesbury in Gloucestershire.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Heathfield</span>, Baron (<span class="smcap">Eliot</span>).—Sir +George Augustus Eliot, K. B. who commanded +at Gibraltar during the celebrated +Siege, chose this place in Sussex (his property) +for his Title. It is said that the +decisive Battle, called "The Battle of Hastings," +was fought on this spot<a name="FNanchor_259_259" id="FNanchor_259_259"></a><a href="#Footnote_259_259" class="fnanchor">[259]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Camden</span>, Marquis.—From his House at +Chislehurst in Kent, formerly the residence +of Camden the celebrated Antiquary, and +now called Camden Place.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span></p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Bayham</span>, Viscount (<span class="smcap">Pratt</span>).—From +Bayham Abbey, in Sussex, an Estate in the +Family of Pratt, and now in possession of +the Marquis.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Dynevor</span>, Baroness (<span class="smcap">Rice</span> and <span class="smcap">De Cardonel</span>).—From +Dinevawr in Caermarthenshire. +She is the Daughter of the first Earl +Talbot, and Widow of George Rice, Esquire. +In the year 1780 the Earl was created Baron +of Dinevawr, with limitation to his Daughter +and her Issue male; and which took place on +the Earl's death, in 1782. She enjoyed the +Title till her death, 1793, when it descended +to her eldest Son George Talbot Rice, who, +in pursuance of the Will of his Grandmother, +Lady Talbot (whose maiden name was De +Cardonel), changed his Name, Arms, and +Crest, to those of De Cardonel only, by Sign +Manual, in May 1793 [See the Gazette].<a name="FNanchor_260_260" id="FNanchor_260_260"></a><a href="#Footnote_260_260" class="fnanchor">[260]</a></p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Newcastle</span>, Duke (<span class="smcap">Holles</span>).—From +Sir William Holles, Lord Mayor of London<a name="FNanchor_261_261" id="FNanchor_261_261"></a><a href="#Footnote_261_261" class="fnanchor">[261]</a>.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Holderness</span>, Earl (<span class="smcap">Darcy</span>), Extinct.—For +the origin of the Family, see Leland's +Itinerary, vol. VI. p. 24.</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Northampton</span>, Marquis (<span class="smcap">Parr</span>), Extinct.—For +the origin of this Family, see also +Leland's Itinerary, vol. VIII. p. 96.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2><span class="oldenglish">English Armorial Bearings</span>.</h2> + + +<p><em>Edward</em> IV. is by Shakespeare made to say +that he would bear Three fair shining Suns +on his Target, from the time he is said to +have seen Three Suns at one time. (Hen. VI. +Part III. Act ii. Sc. i.)<a name="FNanchor_262_262" id="FNanchor_262_262"></a><a href="#Footnote_262_262" class="fnanchor">[262]</a></p> + +<p><em>Monteagle.</em>—Stanley, Baron of Monteagle, +so entitled for his valour at Flodden +Field, because his Ancestors bore an Eagle +for their Crest. Vide Hon. Anglic, p. 109.</p> + +<p><em>Carey.—</em>In the Reign of Henry V. was +held, at Smithfield, a Just between Robert +Carey <em>of the West</em>, Son of Sir John Carey, +Knight, and a Foreign Knight, of the Kingdom +of Aragon. Carey vanquished the Aragonese, +and took his Coat Armour in lieu<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span> +of his own; <em>viz.</em> "Argent, on a Bend Sable, +Three Roses of the First:" which have ever +since been borne by the name of <em>Carey</em>, whose +antient Coat was "Gules, a Chevron between +Three Swans Proper, one whereof they +still retain in their Crest<a name="FNanchor_263_263" id="FNanchor_263_263"></a><a href="#Footnote_263_263" class="fnanchor">[263]</a>."</p> + +<p>N. B. These are the Arms of <em>Carey</em>; +though, from the words "<em>of the West</em>," one +would think <em>Carew</em> was intended. But the +account agrees with the Arms of Viscount +<em>Falkland</em>.</p> + +<p><em>Cooper</em> and <em>Cowper</em>.—Cooper Earl of +Shaftesbury bears Three Bulls: Cowper Earl +Cowper does not.</p> + +<p>"The Eagle and Child" having been +adopted as the Crest of the Earl of <em>Derby</em>, +its Origin is a circumstance of no small curiosity.</p> + +<p>Nothing is more common than for a Tenant +or Dependant to take the Crest of his Lord +or Chief for a Sign; which will account for +the greatest part of the Bulls' Heads, Griffins,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span> +Falcons, Lions, Boars, &c. in the Kingdom. +Thus from one quarter they straggled +into different places, as those people who +had occasion for Signs emigrated from their +own Counties and Districts. Amongst these +the Sign in question is one; and is to be found +in various places that have no present connexion +with the original, the Importer of +such Device being, perhaps, long since dead. +This, being the Crest or Cognizance of the +Stanleys, Earls of Derby, it most probably +was first used in Lancashire, and the parts +contiguous, as a Sign.</p> + +<p>I at first conceived it to be a fabulous +affair; but find, from good and respectable +authorities, that there is not only probable, +but substantial History contained in it; as +the major part of the Estate is derived to +the Family from the Issue of the very Child +in question. The first account of this matter +I shall give from "A Survey of the <em>Isle of +Man</em><a name="FNanchor_264_264" id="FNanchor_264_264"></a><a href="#Footnote_264_264" class="fnanchor">[264]</a>," of which the <em>Stanleys</em> were for several +ages Kings and Lords, holding of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span> +Kings of England, by Grant of Henry IV. +(anno 7), by Homage and the Service of a<a name="FNanchor_265_265" id="FNanchor_265_265"></a><a href="#Footnote_265_265" class="fnanchor">[265]</a> +Cast (of Falcons), payable on Coronations. +The <em>Stanleys</em> were Kings as much as any +Tributary King whatsoever, making Laws, +&c. They appeared on a certain day in +Royal Array, sitting in a Chair, covered with +a Royal Cloth and Cushions, with their Visage +to the East; the Sword borne before +them, with the point upwards; with their +Barons, Knights, Squires, &c. about them. +Such were the Descendants of the Child we +are going to speak of more largely.</p> + +<p><em>Sir John Stanley</em> (temp. Richard II.) +was a Knight of the greatest fame in matters +of Chivalry; who, having been a great +Traveller, was known for his prowess in most +parts of Europe. On his return, he was followed +by a <em>Frenchman</em>, who challenged the +whole English Nation. <em>Sir John</em> accepted +his challenge, fought, and slew him in the +presence of the King. This addition to his +fame raised his reputation among the men, +and procured him so much favour with the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span> +ladies, that he attracted the particular attention +of the Heiress of the Family of +<em>Latham</em>, who was young, rich, and beautiful. +<em>Sir John</em>, with the true spirit of Errantry, +declared it was for her he fought; +and at length, contrary to the inclination of +her Father, married the Lady.</p> + +<p>Mr. Sacheverell then relates the story +which gave birth to this appendage to the +Armorial Bearing of the <em>Stanley</em> Family. +These are his words:</p> + +<p>"The Lord of <em>Latham</em> and his Lady, being +Childless, as they were walking in the Park, +heard a Child crying in an Eagle's nest: they +immediately ordered their servants to search +the Eyery, who presented them with a beautiful +Boy, in rich swadling-cloaths. The +good old lady looked upon it as a present +sent from Heaven, ordered it to be carefully +educated, and gave it the Surname of <em>Latham</em>. +He (the Child) was knighted by +King Edward III. by the name of Sir +<em>Oskytel Latham</em>, and left sole Heir of that +vast estate. He had one daughter, named +<em>Isabella</em>, who by marriage brought the honours<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span> +of <em>Latham</em> and <em>Knowsley</em>, with many +other Lordships, to <em>Sir John Stanley</em>."</p> + +<p>Mr. Sacheverell goes no further into the +Story; and the Reader will be naturally inclined +to know whose Child this was, and +how it was conveyed into the Eagle's nest. +For this we must have recourse to Sir William +Dugdale<a name="FNanchor_266_266" id="FNanchor_266_266"></a><a href="#Footnote_266_266" class="fnanchor">[266]</a>, who relates the Story more +circumstantially, and, as he says, upon credible +tradition; <em>viz.</em> That a <em>Sir Thomas de +Latham</em> had a natural Son, called <em>Oskytel</em>, +by an obscure woman, who lived near him; +and, "having no Child by his Lady, he designed +to adopt this <em>Oskytel</em> for his Heir; +but so that he himself might not be suspected +to have been the Father. Observing, therefore, +that an Eagle had built her Nest in a +large spread oak within his Park at Lathom, +he caused the Child in swadling cloaths to +be privily conveyed thither; and (as a wonder) +presently called forth his Wife to see it; +representing to her, that, having no Issue, +God Almighty had thus sent him a Male +Child, and so preserved, that he looked upon<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span> +it as a miracle; disguising the truth so artificially +from her, that she forthwith took him +(the Child) with great fondness into the +house, educating him with no less affection +than if she had been his natural Mother; +whereupon he became Heir to that fair inheritance; +and that, in token thereof, not +only his Descendants, whilst the Male Line +endured, but the <em>Stanleys</em> proceeding from +the said Isabel (the Heir Female), have ever +since borne the Child in the Eagle's Nest, +with the Eagle thereon, for their Crest.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p><em>Francis Bourgeois</em>, Member of the Royal +Academy, had leave from King George III. +to wear the Polish Order "Merentibus." +The Diploma is dated Warsaw, February +16, 1791. Ordered to be registered in the +College of Arms.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>ORIGIN AND DERIVATION<br /> + +<small>OF A FEW</small><br /> + +<span class="oldenglish">Remarkable Surnames</span>.</h2> + + +<p><em>Lewkenor.</em>—Sir Lewis, Master of the Ceremonies; +from one of the Hundreds of +Lincolnshire, called anciently <em>Levechenora</em><a name="FNanchor_267_267" id="FNanchor_267_267"></a><a href="#Footnote_267_267" class="fnanchor">[267]</a>.</p> + +<p><em>Kempe.</em>—The same as <em>Champion</em>. The +Danish word<a name="FNanchor_268_268" id="FNanchor_268_268"></a><a href="#Footnote_268_268" class="fnanchor">[268]</a>.</p> + +<p><em>Misenor.</em>—From <em>Mesonero</em>, an Inn-keeper; +Spanish.</p> + +<p><em>Muncaster.</em>—The old name of Newcastle +upon Tyne; quasi <em>Monk-Caster</em>. The present +name was perhaps taken on its being +rebuilt.</p> + +<p><em>Mease.</em>—From <em>Meze</em>, a messuage<a name="FNanchor_269_269" id="FNanchor_269_269"></a><a href="#Footnote_269_269" class="fnanchor">[269]</a>.</p> + +<p><em>Hugesson.</em>—Cardinal <em>Hugezun</em> came over +as the Pope's Legate, temp. Henry II.<a name="FNanchor_270_270" id="FNanchor_270_270"></a><a href="#Footnote_270_270" class="fnanchor">[270]</a></p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span></p> +<p><em>Dempster.</em>—The Judges of the Isle of +Man were called Deemsters<a name="FNanchor_271_271" id="FNanchor_271_271"></a><a href="#Footnote_271_271" class="fnanchor">[271]</a>.</p> + +<p><em>Eldred.</em>—There was an Archbishop of +York of the name of <em>Aldred</em>, temp. William +the Conqueror. Perhaps contracted +from <em>Alured</em>, the Latin of Alfred.</p> + +<p><em>Brettell.</em>—There is a Seignory in Normandy +of the name of Bretteville. So we +have corrupted the name of <em>Frescheville</em> into +<em>Fretwell</em>.</p> + +<p><em>Belassis.</em>—Something of this name may +be seen in Brady's History, p. 196.</p> + +<p><em>Larpent.</em>—From the French, <em>L'Arpent</em>; +<em>Arpent</em> signifying an acre. We drop the +apostrophe.</p> + +<p><em>Duppa.</em>—<em>De Uphaugh</em> and, by apostrophe, +<em>D'Uphaugh</em>, according to Anthony +Wood.</p> + +<p><em>Firmin.</em>—From St. Fermin in France.</p> + +<p><em>Paliser.</em>—An official name of such person +or persons who had the care of the pales of a +forest<a name="FNanchor_272_272" id="FNanchor_272_272"></a><a href="#Footnote_272_272" class="fnanchor">[272]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span></p> +<p><em>Ord.</em>—Signifies a Promontory in the Highland; +and, I presume, is Erse<a name="FNanchor_273_273" id="FNanchor_273_273"></a><a href="#Footnote_273_273" class="fnanchor">[273]</a>.</p> + +<p><em>Bownas</em> and <em>Bonas</em>.—Corrupted from +<em>Buchan-Ness</em>, the seat of the Earl of Errol<a name="FNanchor_274_274" id="FNanchor_274_274"></a><a href="#Footnote_274_274" class="fnanchor">[274]</a>.</p> + +<p><em>Ridgeway.</em>—A local term for the way of +the ford, or passage over a stream. <em>Ryd</em> +and <em>Rith</em> signifying a ford<a name="FNanchor_275_275" id="FNanchor_275_275"></a><a href="#Footnote_275_275" class="fnanchor">[275]</a>.</p> + +<p><em>Fitzherbert.</em>—It is written Filius-Herberti +in very old deeds<a name="FNanchor_276_276" id="FNanchor_276_276"></a><a href="#Footnote_276_276" class="fnanchor">[276]</a>. The <em>Finches</em> were +called <em>Finch-Herbert</em> formerly; which led +Daniel Earl of Winchelsea to think he was +related to the Fitzherberts. Thus Leland: +"The Finches that be now, say, that theire +propre name is <em>Hereberte</em>; and that with +mariage of the Finche-Heyre, they tooke +the Finche's name, and were called Finche-Herebert, +joining booth names<a name="FNanchor_277_277" id="FNanchor_277_277"></a><a href="#Footnote_277_277" class="fnanchor">[277]</a>."</p> + +<p><em>Herbert</em> of Kent married the heiress of +Finch, and took that name as a prefix, which +they soon corrupted into <em>Fitz-herbert</em>. But +the Fitzherberts were a family before the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span> +<em>Finches</em> were fledged; and in old deeds the +name is given <em>Filius Herberti</em>.</p> + +<p><em>Champernoun.</em>—Devonshire: a corruption +of <em>Campernulph</em>, or <em>De Campo Arnulphi</em>; +called, says Camden, <em>Champernoun</em><a name="FNanchor_278_278" id="FNanchor_278_278"></a><a href="#Footnote_278_278" class="fnanchor">[278]</a>.</p> + +<p><em>Smelt.</em>—Ralph Luvel (or Lovel) an ancestor +of the Percivals, was, in the time of +King Stephen, called also <em>Simelt</em>, for which +no reason is given<a name="FNanchor_279_279" id="FNanchor_279_279"></a><a href="#Footnote_279_279" class="fnanchor">[279]</a>.</p> + +<p>Names of Men, of Places, and Things, +have changed, and by seeming corruption +have come right again.</p> + +<p>Thus, for Men.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="names"> +<tr><td align="left">Tollemache</td><td align="left">Talmash</td><td align="left">Tollemache</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Legarde</td><td align="left">Ledgiard</td><td align="left">Legarde</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Lyttelton</td><td align="left">Littleton</td><td align="left">Lyttelton</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Fauconberg</td><td align="left">Falconbridge</td><td align="left">Fauconberg<a name="FNanchor_280_280" id="FNanchor_280_280"></a><a href="#Footnote_280_280" class="fnanchor">[280]</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Cholmondeley</td><td align="left">Cholmley</td><td align="left">Cholmondeley</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Osbaldiston.</td><td align="left">Osberton</td><td align="left">Osbaldiston.</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>I take this to be a local name, from <em>Osbaldiston</em> +in Lancashire, q. <em>Osbald his Town</em>. +There is in Yorkshire <em>Osbaldwick</em>, pronounced<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span> +<em>Osberwick</em>. It should be <em>Oswald</em>, a Bishop +of York and Martyr, in both cases.</p> + +<p>We have the name <em>Bernardiston</em>, from a +place of the name in Suffolk<a name="FNanchor_281_281" id="FNanchor_281_281"></a><a href="#Footnote_281_281" class="fnanchor">[281]</a>.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p><em>Robertsbridge</em>, in Sussex, appears to be +a corruption of <em>Rothersbridge</em>, as it was +long called, and with plausibility; for it is +situated on the river <em>Rother</em>: but the former +is the truth, as I have been informed that in +old Latin deeds it is styled <em>Pons Roberti</em>.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p>There are some terms which, by a double +corruption, have got home again; as <em>Crevisses</em>, +in Derbyshire; where <em>Crevise</em>, the +word for a <em>Cray-fish</em>, is a corruption: but +it gets home by it; for the French word +from whence <em>cray-fish</em> was first formed, is +<em>ecrevisse</em>. This too is the radical word; for +the lobster is but a species of it, and called +<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">l'ecrevisse de mer</i>, or <em>sea-cray-fish</em>; what is +now called the sea-cray-fish, is properly the +lobster. This difference consists in the want +of claws.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2><span class="oldenglish">Symbola Scotica;</span></h2> + +<p class="center">OR,</p> + + +<p class="hanging">An Attempt to Elucidate some of the more +Obscure Armorial Bearings, principally +the <span class="smcap">Mottoes</span> used by many of the Scottish +Families.</p> + + +<p><em>In a Letter to the Earl of <span class="smcap">Leicester</span>, +President of the Society of Antiquaries,</em></p> + +<p class="center">"Arma Viramque."</p> + +<p>There seems to be something peculiarly +significant and quaint in the greatest part of +the Mottoes and Devices used by the Scottish +Nobility, and perhaps in those of many Families +of inferior Rank; though these last +do not so easily come under our observation.</p> + +<p>My intention is, to trouble your Lordship +with my thoughts on a few of these Mottoes +(as we call them); and refer to your extensive +knowledge in the science of Heraldry, and +your love of investigation, for the rest of +these obscure impreses.</p> + +<p>We must, however, distinguish between +the Motto and the <em>Slug horn</em> (or, as Sir +George Mackenzie gives it, upon the more<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span> +Southern pronunciation, <em>Slogan</em><a name="FNanchor_282_282" id="FNanchor_282_282"></a><a href="#Footnote_282_282" class="fnanchor">[282]</a>); the latter +being a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">cry de guerre</i>, whereas the former +(though one may sometimes answer both +purposes) seems more to relate to some historical +circumstance by which the Family +have been signalized. The original idea +of these words, I have no doubt, related to +War, and operated as what we now call the +Watch-Word, and more emphatically <em>the +Word</em> by the circulation of which the King +can, at this day, call his guards about him, +as the Chiefs of Scotland formerly assembled +their Vassals in their respective divisions or +clans. The French call it a <em>Mot</em>; and the +Italians, by an augmentation, <em>Motto</em>; which +last we have adopted when we speak in an +heraldic style. The true Scottish term is a +<em>Ditton</em>, the <em>Slughorn</em> being properly the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">cry +de Guerre</i>. Not to go into the antiquity of +Mottoes, or Armory, further than the subject +in question shall lead me, I shall content myself +with observing that Armorial Bearings +in general, with us in England, have little<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a></span> +more than the fancy of the party, with Heraldic +sanction, for their foundation; or some +distant allusion to the name. Take one singular +instance of this last case, which Mr. +Boyer (in his Theatre of Honour) gives, as +a whimsical bearing. The Arms of the name +of <em>Matthias</em> are three Dice (sixes as the +highest throw), having, I make no doubt +(though Mr. Boyer gives no reason for it), a +reference to the election of St. Matthias into +the Apostleship: "And the lot fell upon +Matthias." One of the writers in the Antiquarian +Discourses (Mr. Agarde) thinks the +old Motto of the <em>Caves</em>, of Stanford, in +Northamptonshire, a happy conceit; the ancient +Crest being a Grey-hound currant, +with a label issuing out of its mouth, with +these words, "Adsum; Cave." Had the +<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Cavè</i> stood alone, without the Dog or the +<em>Adsum</em>, it might have been very well, and +have operated religiously, morally, or politically: +but otherwise the Dog seems to run +away with the Wit. The Family, since Mr. +Agarde's time, appear to have been sensible +of this awkward compound, and have adopted<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span> +the French word <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Gardez</i> for the Motto; +though I think they had better have kept the +<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Cavè</i> (as I have observed), and hanged the +Grey-hound; though perhaps it was conceived +at the time the <em>Adsum</em> was dropped, +that Ca-vè, in the Latin, might be confounded +with the English, <em>Cave</em>; and that it would +have appeared as if they had taken the name +for the Motto, without another Latin word to +denote that language; and therefore might +take <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Gardez</i>, which shews itself to be French.</p> + +<p>Mr. Agarde's own Motto is much more +apposite to his name; which, he tells us at +the end of his Memoir, was, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Dieu me Garde</i>; +but at the same time this would have admitted +of improvement; for the French verb +<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Garder</i> was originally <em>Agarder</em>, which, had +he known it, would have enabled him to have +made the pun complete—<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Dieu m'Agarde</i>.</p> + +<p>Before I quit the subject in general, I cannot +help mentioning a <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">bon mot</i> of a friend of +mine (and he has so much wit that I shall not +rob him in the least by the repetition), on his +visiting Chatsworth, to see the house. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></span> +Motto of the noble owner is, as your Lordship +well knows, <em>Cavendo Tutus</em>, to which +the Family has happily adhered in their Political +concerns. The state rooms in that +house are floored with old oak, waxed, and +very slippery, in consequence of which my +friend had very near fallen down; when, recovering +his equilibrium, he observed, "that +he rather supposed the Motto related to the +floors than the name."</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p>But it is time to lead to the matter I proposed, +<em>viz.</em> the <span class="smcap">Scottish Mottoes</span>; and +yet, before I proceed to them, I wish to premise +something on the grounds of a few of +the <span class="smcap">Armorial Bearings</span> among the most +ancient Scottish Families, which have originated +from History.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="center">The principal Family of the name of<br /> + +<span class="smcap">Douglas</span></p> + +<p class="noind">carries "A Man's Heart Gules," as a fixed +principal Charge, because the Good Sir James +Douglas, as he is styled, carried the Heart of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span> +King Robert I. (of the name of Bruce) to +Jerusalem, and there interred it<a name="FNanchor_283_283" id="FNanchor_283_283"></a><a href="#Footnote_283_283" class="fnanchor">[283]</a>. The original +Coat Armour of Douglas was, "Azure, +in chief Three Stars Argent<a name="FNanchor_284_284" id="FNanchor_284_284"></a><a href="#Footnote_284_284" class="fnanchor">[284]</a>." The Heart +is now imperially crowned; but that is a +later introduction<a name="FNanchor_285_285" id="FNanchor_285_285"></a><a href="#Footnote_285_285" class="fnanchor">[285]</a>, not borne at least by +those who merely quartered the Arms.</p> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Campbell</span>,</p> + +<p class="noind">Duke of Argyle, Marquis of Lorn, &c. +bears in the Second and Third Quarters (for +the Lordship of Lorn) a Feudal Charge of +"Or, a Limphad (or small Ship) Sable, with +Flames of Fire issuing out of the Top of the +Mast, and from the Fore and Hindermost +Parts of the Ship:" which Fire, says my +Author, was called in old blazonry St. Anthony's +Fire. The reason is, that, as the +Territory lay upon the Coast, this Bearing +was indicative of the Tenure by which the +Lands were held in capite; <em>viz</em>. by supplying +a Ship with twenty Oars in time of War, if<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span> +required. The <em>Reddendum</em> runs, for the provision +of "Unam navem viginti Remorum, +si petatur, tempore Belli, &c."<a name="FNanchor_286_286" id="FNanchor_286_286"></a><a href="#Footnote_286_286" class="fnanchor">[286]</a></p> + +<p>By Marriage, this Lordship, after many +generations, came into the Family of Campbell, +then Earl of Argyle; but, in process of +time, the Flames issuing from the Ship have +been extinguished.</p> + +<p>This was not an uncommon Armorial Appendage +to other Feudal Lords, and Lordships +similarly situated.</p> + +<p>Thus the Arms of the Isle of Arran are, +"Argent, a Ship, with its Sails furled, +Sable."</p> + +<p>The Earls of Orkney and Caithness have +the Bearing of a Ship for the like reason; +being Lordships, or Feudal Earldoms, situate +on the Coast; but with Differences.</p> + +<p>The Earl of Orkney (and from thence the +Earl of Caithness) bears a Ship of a more +modern form, with three Masts; but it has +the honour of being within a double Tressure, +counter-fleured, to shew its connexion +with Royalty.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span></p> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Drummond</span></p> + +<p class="noind">carries, "Or, Three Bars wavy Gules." +This simple Bearing, we are told, involves a +Piece of History; for that an Hungarian Gentleman, +of the name of Maurice, in the Reign +of Malcolm III. had the command of a Ship +in which Edgar Atheline, his Mother Agatha, +and his Sisters Margaret and Christian, +were embarked, in their return from England +to Hungary. A Storm arose, and drove them +on the Coast of Scotland, where they were +landed in the Frith of Forth, and entertained +by the King, who afterwards married Margaret. +This Maurice so ingratiated himself +with King Malcolm, that he was solicited by +the King to settle in Scotland, which he did, +and had grants of many Lands; and particularly +those at Drymen or Drummond, of +which last he took the name. Drummond, +as we must now call him, was afterwards +appointed Seneschal of Lenox; and the +King assigned him the above Arms, alluding +to his original Profession of a Naval Officer, +and in memory of his having conducted the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span> +then Queen safe through the Storm into the +Port in Scotland<a name="FNanchor_287_287" id="FNanchor_287_287"></a><a href="#Footnote_287_287" class="fnanchor">[287]</a>.</p> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Seton Earl of Winton.</span></p> + +<p class="noind">The Paternal Arms of Seton, afterwards Earls +of Winton, were <em>Crescents</em>, for which no particular +reason appears: but the Lords of +Seton have for some hundreds of years carried, +"Or, a Sword erected in pale, supporting +an Imperial Crown Proper, betwixt Three +Crescents within a Double Tressure, counter-fleured, +Gules." This honourable Augmentation +was granted by Robert the Bruce to +his Nephew Sir Alexander Seton, of that +Ilk, for the special and seasonable services +performed by him and his Father Sir Christopher +to that Monarch during the time of +his troubles. Sir Christopher Seton, it seems, +had lost two Estates of great value, one in +Scotland, the other in England, together<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[222]</a></span> +with his Life, in the Service of his King +and Country; upon which account King +Robert (whose Sister, Christian Bruce, Sir +Christopher had married), when he had +overcome his Enemies, restored his Nephew, +Sir Alexander Seton, to the Lands in Scotland +which his Father had lost, though he +could not re-possess him of the English +Estate; granted the Augmentation of the +<em>Sword and Crown</em> to his Paternal Coat-Armour, +to perpetuate their gallant Actions; +and added the Double Tressure, which at +that time was given to none but such as had +married, or were descended from, Daughters +of the Blood-Royal<a name="FNanchor_288_288" id="FNanchor_288_288"></a><a href="#Footnote_288_288" class="fnanchor">[288]</a>. One branch of the +Family, <em>viz.</em> Sir Alexander Seton of Pitwedden +(at one time a Lord of Session), +upon the event of the death of his Father, +who, in the Reign of King Charles I. (during +the Civil Commotions) was killed by a Shot +from the King's Enemies, with a Banner in +his hand, assumed the Armorial Bearing of +"An Heart distilling Drops of Blood<a name="FNanchor_289_289" id="FNanchor_289_289"></a><a href="#Footnote_289_289" class="fnanchor">[289]</a>."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span></p> + +<p>These, my Lord, I offer in the line of <em>Nobility</em>, +as Historical Bearings; but many +may likewise be found among the <em>Gentry</em>, +who have Armorial Devices allusive to gallant +actions, high employments, or other +honourable circumstances.</p> + +<p>Of those, the few that follow, most easily +occur, from the works of that laborious Herald, +Mr. Alexander Nisbet.</p> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Graham</span></p> + +<p class="noind">of Inchbrackie, descended of an eldest Son, +of a second Marriage, of the first Earl of +Montrose, gives, "Or, a Dyke [or Wall] +fess-wise, Azure, broken down in several +parts, &c." The Dyke there is assumed, to +difference the Bearer from his Chief, and to +perpetuate that action of Gramus (one of the +Predecessors of the noble Family of Graham) +in pulling down the Wall [anno 420] built +by the Roman Emperor Severus, which was +thereafter called "Graham's Dyke."</p> + +<p>N. B. By the Dyke the Scots seem to mean +the Wall, <em>i.e.</em> the Vallum, which is formed +out of the Dyke.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span></p> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Clark</span></p> + +<p class="noind">of Pennycuik. Sir John Clark, of Pennycuik, +had this Motto, "Free for a Blast," +which is explained in part by the Crest, +which is a Man blowing a Horn: but +for both the Crest itself, and the Motto, we +must look into the Tenure of the Estate, +which they derived, most probably by Marriage, +from the Pennycuiks of that Ilk, an +old Family in Mid-Lothian, who bore "Or, +a Fess between Three Hunting Horns Sable, +stringed Gules;" and, by the ancient Tenure +of their Lands, were obliged, once a +year, to attend in the Forest of Drumsleich, +since called Barrowmuir, to give a Blast of a +Horn at the King's Hunting.</p> + +<p>The <em>Clarks</em>, holding by the same Tenure, +preserved the Motto.</p> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Kirkpatrick</span>,</p> + +<p class="noind">who gave the last Blow to Cummin, supposed +to have been slain, cried out, "Lest he +should not be quite dead, <em>I will secure +him</em>," and stabbed him with his Dagger. +Hence the Family took the Crest of "A<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span> +Hand holding a Dagger in Pale, distilling +Drops of Blood;" and with the Motto "I'll +make sicker (sure);" or, "I'll make sure."<a name="FNanchor_290_290" id="FNanchor_290_290"></a><a href="#Footnote_290_290" class="fnanchor">[290]</a></p> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Carrick.</span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Stewart</span>, Earl of Carrick. The Paternal +Arms of Stewart, out of which was a <em>Lion +naissant</em>, all within a Double Tressure, +counter-fleured Gules: the Lion naissant +intimating his original right to the Crown<a name="FNanchor_291_291" id="FNanchor_291_291"></a><a href="#Footnote_291_291" class="fnanchor">[291]</a>.</p> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Farquharson</span>,</p> + +<p class="noind">of Invercald, carries, in addition to his Paternal +Coat, "Argent, a Fir Tree growing +out of a Mount Proper on a Chief Gules,—the +Banner of Scotland in Bend, and on a +Canton of the first (<em>viz.</em> Or), a Dexter +Hand couped at the wrist, grasping a +Dagger, point downwards, Gules." Mr. +Nisbet says<a name="FNanchor_292_292" id="FNanchor_292_292"></a><a href="#Footnote_292_292" class="fnanchor">[292]</a>, they carried the Fir Trees because +their Country abounded with such +Trees; the Hand grasping a Dagger, for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span> +killing the Cumming; and the Banner is +lately added, because the Grand-father of +the present John Farquharson (1702) was +killed at the Battle of Pinkie, carrying the +Banner of Scotland.</p> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Wood.</span></p> + +<p>The Chiefs of this name have given Trees +in different forms; but Wood of Largoe +placed his Tree between Two Ships under +sail, as Admiral to King James III. and IV. +in whose reigns he defeated the English with +an inferior Force. Another Branch of the +Family gave a Hunting-horn hanging upon +the Branch of a Tree, to shew he was the +King's Forester<a name="FNanchor_293_293" id="FNanchor_293_293"></a><a href="#Footnote_293_293" class="fnanchor">[293]</a>.</p> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Forbes</span>,</p> + +<p class="noind">of Watertown, charges his Coat with an +"Escocheon Argent, a Sword and Key in +Saltire Gules," as being Constable of Aberdeen: +and for a Difference from the Grays, +places a Quill or Pen in the Paw of the Lion +in the Arms of Gray, because his Ancestor +was Sheriff's Clerk of Angus<a name="FNanchor_294_294" id="FNanchor_294_294"></a><a href="#Footnote_294_294" class="fnanchor">[294]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span></p> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">John Ramsay</span>,</p> + +<p class="noind">descended of the Ramsays of Wylicleuch +in the Merss, who was Page to King James +VI. thereafter Earl of Holdernesse, got for +addition to his Paternal Bearing, "An Arm +holding a naked Sword enfilé of a Crown, +with a Man's Heart on the point," because +he rescued King James VI. from the Conspiracy +of the Earl of Gowrie and his Confederates. +The Paternal Coat was, "Argent, +an Eagle displayed Sable."<a name="FNanchor_295_295" id="FNanchor_295_295"></a><a href="#Footnote_295_295" class="fnanchor">[295]</a> These are what +the Scottish Heralds call "Arms of Special +Concession."<a name="FNanchor_296_296" id="FNanchor_296_296"></a><a href="#Footnote_296_296" class="fnanchor">[296]</a></p> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Ayton</span>,</p> + +<p class="noind">of Kippo. This Family bears "A Baton +Peri Or, couped;" which, Mr. Nisbet says, +is an uncommon Bearing for a younger legitimate +Son, it being a mark of Bastardy by its +position; but he tells us, the Baton of this +description, and thus borne, was granted to +Sir John Ayton of Kippo, Knight, by King +Charles II. as an Augmentation, because he +had been Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span> +to that King. Upon the Family Coat he +therefore carried "A Baton Sable, charged +on the top with one of the Lions of England."</p> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Stirling</span>,</p> + +<p class="noind">of Glorat, carries "Argent, on a Bend engrailed +Azure, Three Buckles Or; a Chief +Gules, charged with a Naked Arm issuing +out of a Cloud from the Sinister side, grasping +a Sword in pale, and therewith guarding +an Imperial Crown; all within a double +Tressure, counterfleured of Thistles Vert." +Which honourable Addition was granted to +this Family for special Services done to King +Charles I. and King Charles II. in their +Troubles.</p> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Binning</span>,</p> + +<p class="noind">of Easter Binning, a Cadet of Binning of +that Ilk, who carried "Argent, a Bend engrailed +Sable," added, for Difference, on the +Bend, a Waggon of the first, because he and +his seven Sons went in a Waggon covered +with Hay, and surprised and took the Castle<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span> +of Linlithgow, then in the possession of the +English, in the Reign of David the Bruce<a name="FNanchor_297_297" id="FNanchor_297_297"></a><a href="#Footnote_297_297" class="fnanchor">[297]</a>.</p> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Lockart.</span></p> + +<p>This Name now bears a Man's Heart +Proper, within a Padlock Sable, in perpetuation, +they tell you, that one of the Name +accompanied the good Sir James Douglas to +Jerusalem, with the Heart of King Robert +the Bruce. Be that as it may, it is intended +to play upon the Name; and, to preserve +the Story the more entire, some Branches of +the Family have strengthened it by the +Motto, "Corda serata Pando" [some have +it, Fero]. These Devices are differently +placed by different Branches; but Mr. Nisbet +insinuates<a name="FNanchor_298_298" id="FNanchor_298_298"></a><a href="#Footnote_298_298" class="fnanchor">[298]</a> that this Bearing is an assumption +of a modern date; and that the old +Arms were, till within a century before he +wrote [1702], "Three Boars' Heads erazed; +the Crest, a Dexter Hand holding a Boar's +Head erazed, Proper; the Motto, 'Feroci +Fortior.'"</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span></p> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Norfolk.</span></p> + +<p>The Duke of Norfolk has an augmentation, +<em>viz.</em> an <em>Escocheon Or</em>, in the middle +of the Bend, charged with a <em>Demi-Lion</em> +Rampant, <em>pierced through the Mouth with +an Arrow</em>, within a double Tressure counterfleur'd +Gules; which was granted by +King Henry VIII. for his services at the +Battle of Flodden Field<a name="FNanchor_299_299" id="FNanchor_299_299"></a><a href="#Footnote_299_299" class="fnanchor">[299]</a>.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p>Besides these and many other Bearings, +not at this day easily, if at all, to be accounted +for, the Scots have, like ourselves, several that +are responsive to the Name. Of these I have +selected the few which follow, and have given +their material Charge, without attending to +the Colours, or to the Blazonry of the whole. +Thus</p> + +<p><em>Cockburn</em> has a Charge of Three Cocks.</p> + +<p><em>Craw</em> and <em>Craufurd</em>, Three Crows<a name="FNanchor_300_300" id="FNanchor_300_300"></a><a href="#Footnote_300_300" class="fnanchor">[300]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span></p> +<p><em>Fraser</em>, Three Frases or Cinquefoils.</p> + +<p><em>Falconer</em>, a Falcon.</p> + +<p><em>Forester</em>, Three Bugle Horns; and the +Peer of that Name and Title has for his +Motto, "Blow, Hunter, thy Horn."</p> + +<p><em>Heart</em>, Three Men's Hearts.</p> + +<p><em>Hog</em>, Three Boars' Heads.</p> + +<p><em>Justice</em>, A Sword in Pale, supporting a +Balance.</p> + +<p><em>Skene</em>, Three Daggers, in the Scottish +Language called Skenes.</p> + + + +<hr class="chap" /> +<h2><span class="center oldenglish">Mottoes</span>.</h2> + + +<p>The Motto of <span class="smcap">Dalziel</span>, Earl of <span class="smcap">Carnwarth</span>, +now an attainted Title, is, "I +Dare;" the reason of which is given by +Crawfurd, in his Peerage of Scotland. The +ancient armorial bearing of this Family was,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span> +A Man hanging on a Gallows, though it is +now only a Naked Man with his Arms expanded. +Some one of the Family having, +perhaps, dropped the Gallows and the Rope, +as deeming it an ignominious Bearing.</p> + +<p>But to proceed to the Motto. The Historian +says, that a Favourite of Kenneth II. +having been hanged by the Picts, and the King +being much concerned that the Body should +be exposed in so disgraceful a situation, offered +a large Reward to him who would rescue +the Body. Alpinus, the Father of Kenneth, +with many of his Nobles, had been inhumanly +put to death; and the Head of the +King (Alpinus), placed upon a Pole, was exposed +to the Populace. It was not for the +redemption of his Father's Body, that the +new King, Kenneth, offered the Reward; +but for that of some young Favourite, perhaps +of equal age, who was thus ignominiously +hanging as a public spectacle, for +the King appears to have been beheaded.<a name="FNanchor_301_301" id="FNanchor_301_301"></a><a href="#Footnote_301_301" class="fnanchor">[301]</a> +This being an enterprize of great danger, +no one was found bold enough to undertake<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span> +it, till a Gentleman came to the King +and said, "Dal Ziel," <em>i.e.</em> "I Dare," and +accordingly performed the hazardous exploit. +In memory of this circumstance, the +Family took the above-mentioned Coat-Armour, +and likewise the Name of <em>Dalziel</em>, +with the interpretation of it, "I Dare," as +a Motto. The Maiden Name (as I may call +it) of this Family is not recorded, neither is +the original Coat Armour of the Gentleman +mentioned. These circumstances are related +by Crawfurd, upon the authority of Mr. Nisbet, +in his Marks of Cadency, p. 41.</p> + +<p>Occasional changes in Coats of Arms, it is +very well known, have always been common, +owing to accidents and incidents, as well as +atchievements, several instances of which +may be seen in Camden's Remains.</p> + +<p>Similar to the case of Dalziel, is the reason +given for the Motto of <em>Maclellan</em>, Lord +Kircudbright, which is, "Think on." Crawfurd's +account is to this effect. A Company +of Saracens, from Ireland, in the Reign of +King James II. infested the County of Galloway, +whereupon the King issued a Proclamation,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span> +declaring that "Whoever should +disperse them, and bring their Captain, dead +or alive, should have the Barony of Bombie +for his reward." This was performed by the +Son of the Laird of Bombie, who brought the +Head of the Captain, on the Point of his +Sword, to the King, who put him into the +immediate possession of the Barony; to perpetuate +which action, the Baron took for his +Crest a Moor's Head, on the Point of a +Sword, with the words "Think on," for his +Motto.</p> + +<p>It may be difficult to ascertain the meaning +of these words; and one is at liberty either to +suppose he addressed them to the King on the +occasion, as if he had said "Think on your +Promise:"—or they may apply to Posterity, +advising them to Think on the gallant Action +whereby they became ennobled: but I more +incline to the former interpretation, because, +in Yorkshire, which abounds with Scottish +idioms, words, and proverbs, they say, "I will +do so and so when I think on;" and "I would +have done so and so, but I did not think on," +Our expression is, "Think of it."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Maxwell</span>, of Calderwood, has the same +Motto, on a different idea. The <em>Crest</em> is +"A Man's Head looking upright," to which +the <em>Motto</em> seems to give a religious interpretation, +and to imply, "Think on" <em>Eternity</em><a name="FNanchor_302_302" id="FNanchor_302_302"></a><a href="#Footnote_302_302" class="fnanchor">[302]</a>.</p> + +<p>A similar change appears to have been +brought about, by religious attachments, +in the <em>Crest</em> and <em>Motto</em> of <span class="smcap">Bannerman</span>, +which seems to extend to the rest of the +Armorial Bearings. Sir Alexander Bannerman +of Elsick, the chief, bore, "Gules, +a Banner displayed Argent, and thereon a +Canton Azure, charged with a St. Andrew's +Cross. Crest, a Demi-Man in Armour, holding +in his Right Hand a Sword Proper. +Motto, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pro Patriâ</i>." This Bearing is by +Grant, 1692; but a younger Son of this +House bore (when Mr. Nisbet wrote) the +Field and Banner as above, "within a Bordure +Argent, charged with Four Buckles +Azure, and as many Holly-Leaves Vert, +alternately." Buckles, in certain case we +shall see hereafter, admit of a religious interpretation, +and the Holly-Leaves (quasi<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span> +Holy-Leaves), seem to have a similar import, +especially when added to the new Crest, <em>viz</em>. +"A Man issuing out of the Wreath in a +Priest's habit, and praying posture," with +this Motto, "Hæc prestat Militia<a name="FNanchor_303_303" id="FNanchor_303_303"></a><a href="#Footnote_303_303" class="fnanchor">[303]</a>." This +change might possibly take place about the +enthusiastic time of the Union of the two +Kingdoms, when religious party spirit ran +high in Scotland<a name="FNanchor_304_304" id="FNanchor_304_304"></a><a href="#Footnote_304_304" class="fnanchor">[304]</a>.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p>Ross, Lord Ross, has the same Motto as +Dalziel Earl of Carnwath; but on what +pretensions does not appear.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p>I shall now proceed to another conjectural +interpretation, as to the Motto of Lord +<span class="smcap">Napier</span>; which is, "Ready, aye Ready." +Sir Alexander Napier was killed at the Battle +of Flodden Field (1513), leaving Issue Alexander, +who married Margaret, the Daughter +of Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenorchy, ancestor +of the Earls of Breadalbine. The +Motto, or rather, perhaps, Slug-Horn, of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span> +Laird of Glenorchy, was, "Follow me." +On this marriage, therefore, I am led to believe +that Alexander Napier might take the +responsive Slug-Horn of "Ready, aye +Ready," as if he had said, "always ready +to follow you." This may, perhaps, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">primâ +facie</i>, appear too hypothetical; but it is +grounded upon the authority of a Friend, a +Native of Scotland, who once told me that +the Mottoes of the Lairds often had a reference +to that of their Chief.</p> + +<p>Something like this appears in the Motto +of <span class="smcap">Fraser</span>, late Lord Lovat, which is, "I am +Ready." That Family is descended from a +younger Branch, the elder having ended in +Daughters. They had for their Ancestor, in +the Female line, the Sister of King Robert I.; +and the Motto seems, if not responsive, at +least expressive of Loyalty.</p> + +<p>This sort of Motto seems to prevail in the +Family of <span class="smcap">Douglas</span>. That of the elder +Branches is, "Forward;" to which the +younger Branches reply, "Jamais Arrière," +which may, perhaps, be best translated by +the vulgar Scottish expression, "Hard at +your Back."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span></p> + +<p>The Motto of <span class="smcap">Hay</span>, Earl of <span class="smcap">Errol</span>, +which is, "Serva Jugum," deserves our particular +attention; and is founded on a well-attested +historical fact, related to this effect +by Mr. Crawfurd. In the Reign of Kenneth +III. (anno 980), when the Danes invaded +this Island, and gave Battle to the +Scots, whom they had routed at the Village +of Loncarty, near Perth, a certain Husbandman +of the name of Hay, who was tilling +his Land, perceived his Countrymen flying +before the Enemy; when he and his two +Sons, arming themselves with their Plough-gear, +the old Man having the Yoke of the +Oxen for his own Weapon, upbraided the +Scots for their Cowardice, and, after much +difficulty, persuaded them to rally. They +accordingly, under the Command of this unexpected +Leader and his Sons, armed with +Yokes and Plough-shares, renewed the +Engagement; when the Danes, supposing +their Enemy had received a reinforcement, +fled in their turn. The King, in reward for +this uncommon Service, advanced <em>Hay</em> to the +Rank of Noblesse, and gave him as much<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span> +Land as a Falcon, let loose from the Fists, +should compass at one flight. The lucky +Bird, says Dr. Abercrombie, seemed sensible +of the merits of those that were to enjoy it; +for she made a circuit of seven or eight miles +long, and four or five broad; the limits of +which are still extant. This Tract of +Ground, continues my Author, being called +<em>Errol</em>, the Family took from thence its designation, +or title.</p> + +<p>To these circumstances the Armorial Bearings +of the Family have very strong allusions; +for the Supporters are Two Labourers +with each a Yoke on his Shoulder; the Crest +is a Falcon; and the Motto "Serva Jugum." +The Coat Armour likewise is, Argent, Three +Escocheons Gules; or, to speak in the language +of noble Blazonry, Pearl, Three Escutcheons +Ruby; to intimate that the Father +and his Two Sons had been the three fortunate +Shields by which Scotland had been defended +and saved.</p> + +<p>Another Branch of the Family (<span class="smcap">Hay</span>, +Earl of <span class="smcap">Kinnoul</span>,) gives the same Coat, +with a Bordure for difference; the Supporters<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[240]</a></span> +are likewise Two Husbandmen, the +one having a Plough-share, and the other +a Pick, or Spade, upon his Shoulder. The +Yoke is preserved in the Crest, upon the +Shoulder of a Demi-Man, from the waist +upwards; and the Motto seems to refer to the +rallying of the Scottish Army in these words, +"Renovate Animos."</p> + +<p>Buchanan, further tells us, with regard to +the modesty of these unexpected Conquerors, +that, when they were brought to the King, rich +and splendid Garments were offered to them, +that they might be distinguished in a Triumphal +Entry which was to be made into the +Town of Perth; but the old Man rejected them +with a decent contempt; and, wiping the dust +from his ordinary Clothes, joined the Procession, +with no other distinction than the +Yoke upon his shoulder, preceded and followed +by the King's Train. More minute +circumstances of this extraordinary Victory, +obtained, after a palpable Defeat, at the instigation +of one obscure Man, are related by +Buchanan, to whom I refer your Lordship; +and you will find it equal to any instance we<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span> +have of Roman Virtue, and the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Amor Patriæ</i>, +so much boasted of among the Ancients.</p> + +<p>Lloyd, in his Worthies, among his observations +on the Life of James Hay, Earl of +Carlisle, tells us a chimerical story, but on +what authority I do not discover; after having +mentioned slightly the above fact, that James +Hay, 600 years afterwards, "saved the King +of that Country from the Gowries at their +House with a Cultre (or Plough-share) in his +hand;" and that he had as much Land assigned +him as he could ride round in two +days. It does not appear from the accounts +we have of the Gowry conspiracy, that any +person of the name of Hay was concerned; +but rather that this story has been confounded +with the other, because, according to Dr. +Abercrombie's account, the Land over which +the Falcon flew in the first case, was in a +part of Scotland known by the name of +Gowry.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Conyngham</span>, Earl of <span class="smcap">Glencairn</span>, has this +very singular Motto, "Over Fork Over,"<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[242]</a></span> +alluding to the principal Charge upon the +Shield, which is the rude and ancient Hay-Fork, +called in Scotland a Shake-Fork, and +is in shape not unlike the Roman letter Y.</p> + +<p>This Bearing, some of their Heralds tell us, +was official, because, they say, the Family +had been Hereditary Masters of the King's +Horses and Stables, of which employment +this instrument was indicative. Such official +Charges and Sur-charges were common in +Scotland: thus, <span class="smcap">Carnegie</span>, Earls of Southesk, +charge the Breast of their Blue Eagle with +a Cup of Gold, being Hereditary Cup-Bearers +to the Kings of Scotland. But this will not +hold good as to the <span class="smcap">Conynghams</span>; though +their Sur-charge of a Man on Horseback +upon the Shake-Fork may perhaps be such +an official Bearing. Different conjectures +have been brought forward; and Mr. Camden +and some others have interpreted the Fork +to have been an Archiepiscopal Pall; for +which surmise a very vague reason is given, +viz. that an Ancestor of the Family was concerned +in the Murder of Thomas Becket, +Archbishop of Canterbury. Which Bearing,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></span> +Mr. Nisbet observes, would in such case +operate rather as an abatement than a badge +of honour<a name="FNanchor_305_305" id="FNanchor_305_305"></a><a href="#Footnote_305_305" class="fnanchor">[305]</a>. This conjecture, however, will not +hold good on heraldic principles; for a Pall, +when used as a Charge, is very differently represented, +the three ends of it being square, and +even touching the borders of the Escocheon; +whereas the device before us is pointed at the +ends, and does not come in contact with the +edges of the Shield. But what has the Pall +to do with the Motto? We must therefore +advert to other circumstances for an interpretation +of both the reason of the Armorial +Bearing and the Motto, which generally assist +to explain each other. The account which +comes nearest the point in the present question +is given by Mr. Nisbet from Frederick +Van Bassen, a Norwegian, who, he says, was +a good Genealogist, and left in MS. an account +of the rise of some Scottish Families, +and among the rest of this of Conyngham;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span> +from which MS. Mr. Nisbet gives this account—"that +Malcome, the Son of Friskine, +assisting Prince Malcom (afterwards surnamed +Canmore) to escape from Macbeth's +tyranny, and being hotly pursued by the +Usurper's Men, was forced at a place to hide +his Master by forking Straw or Hay above +him. And after, upon that Prince's happy +accession to the Crown, he, the King, rewarded +his Preserver Malcome with the +Thanedom of Cunnigham, from which he +and his Posterity have their Surname, and +took this Figure to represent the Shake-Fork +with which he, Malcome, forked Hay or +Straw above the Prince, to perpetuate the +happy deliverance their Progenitor had the +good fortune to give to their Prince." Admitting +this to be a fact, or even a legendary +tale, credited by the Family when this Bearing +was granted or assumed, there is an +affinity between the Device and the Motto +not to be found among the other conjectures.</p> + +<p>There is another Family where the true +Armorial Ensigns are illustrated by the +Motto; <em>viz.</em> the Arms of <span class="smcap">Bailie</span> of Lanington,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></span> +which have often been blazoned as Nine +Mullets or Spurrials (or 3, 3, 2, and 1); +whereas it is evident they were Stars from the +Motto, which is, "Quid clarius Astris?"</p> + +<p>I make no doubt there are many others of a +like kind to be found, arising from inattention +or ignorance. It has been observed, that the +Shake-Fork is now much obscured by an +Armed Man on Horseback within an Inescocheon, +which is supposed to allude to the +Hereditary Office of Master of the Horse; +though whether this was the case, or whether +that Bearing came by alliance, may be doubtful; +for Mr. Crawfurd, in his Peerage, does +not give it as a part of the Family Coat of +Conyngham in 1716; though the more modern +Peerages have it. The shape of the +Fork is more discernible in the Arms of +Conyngham, Peers of Ireland, where it is +not covered by a Sur-charge. The meaning +of the name is local, <em>Konyng-Ham; i.e.</em> +The King's Village or Habitation; which +Etymon has been so long obscured by age, +that the Lion Office, on granting Supporters +to the Family, have given Two Rabbits,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span> +or Conies. The Irish Branch has different +Supporters; <em>viz.</em> a Horse and a Buck; +though it preserves the Motto.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p>The Earl of <span class="smcap">Traquair</span> has for his Motto +"Judge noucht;" though there is nothing +in his Armorial Bearings to which it can +allude. One is therefore to look for some +event interesting to the Family to ground it +upon, which probably was this: Sir John +Stewart, first created Baron, and afterwards +Earl, of Traquair, by King Charles I. was +Lord High Treasurer of Scotland, anno 1635, +and remained a firm friend to the Royal +Cause to the last. His adherence to it, however, +drew on him the resentment of the +opposite party, insomuch that he was, 1641, +impeached of High Treason, and found guilty; +but the Parliament submitted his punishment +to the King, who ordered him a Pardon under +the Great Seal, the Preamble to which sets +forth the King's high opinion of his abilities +and his integrity in the discharge of his +duty. Upon this transaction, it seems more<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[247]</a></span> +than possible that the Earl, alluding to the +rash and cruel treatment he had received +from the Parliament for his loyalty to the +King, might assume the Motto "Judge +noucht;" the complement of which, we all +know, is, "That ye be not judged."</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Johnston</span>, Marquis of <span class="smcap">Annandale</span>.—The +modern <em>Motto</em> is "Nunquam non paratus;" +but in the original <em>Motto</em> there is +History, which connects with other parts of +the Bearing. The <em>Crest</em> is "A winged +Spur," and one of the <em>Supporters</em> is "A +Horse furnished." The <em>Crest</em> was taken, +because the <em>Johnstons</em> were often Wardens +of the West Borders, and active in suppressing +Thieves and Plunderers, who infested +them during the Wars between England and +Scotland; whence was derived the original +<em>Motto</em>, "Alight Thieves all;" commanding, +either by their authority or prowess, those +Thieves to surrender. The <em>Horse</em> as a <em>Supporter</em> +alludes to the same circumstance, or +might be considered as a Bearing of Conquest,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[248]</a></span> +from a <em>Horse</em> taken from some famous +Marauder<a name="FNanchor_306_306" id="FNanchor_306_306"></a><a href="#Footnote_306_306" class="fnanchor">[306]</a>.</p> + +<p>The Johnstons of Westrow, or Westerhall, +have a different principal Bearing in their +Arms; <em>viz.</em> "A Man's Heart, ensigned with +an Imperial Crown proper, in base," being +part of the Arms of Douglas, in memory of +the apprehension of Douglas Earl of Ormond, +when in rebellion against James II.<a name="FNanchor_307_307" id="FNanchor_307_307"></a><a href="#Footnote_307_307" class="fnanchor">[307]</a></p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hamilton</span>, Duke of <span class="smcap">Hamilton</span>.—Motto, +"Through." This Motto is older than the +Nobility of the Family, if my conjecture be +true; as it seems to have originated from a +circumstance which happened in the Reign +of the Scottish King, Robert I. in England, +at the Court of our King Edward II. Battles, +sieges, &c. had been maintained, with +various success, between the two Kings, for a +long time. During these animosities Sir +Gilbert Hamilton, an Englishman, happening +to speak in praise of the intrepidity of +Robert I. King of Scots, one of the De<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span> +Spencers (John, Mr. Crawfurd says,) who +was of King Edward's Bed-chamber, drew +his falchion, and wounded him. Sir Gilbert, +more concerned at the contumely than at the +wound, and being prevented at the moment +from resenting it; yet when he met his antagonist +the next day in the same place, ran +him <em>through</em> the body. On this he immediately +fled for protection to the King of +Scots, who gave him lands and honours for +this bold vindication of his valour<a name="FNanchor_308_308" id="FNanchor_308_308"></a><a href="#Footnote_308_308" class="fnanchor">[308]</a>.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p>The Motto of <span class="smcap">Murray</span>, now Duke of +<span class="smcap">Athol</span>, is, "Furth, Fortune, and fill the +Fetters;" but it was originally given to +John <em>Stewart, Earl</em> of Athol, and came to +the Family of Murray by an intermarriage<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span> +with the Heiress of Stewart. The first <em>Earl</em> +of Athol of the name of <em>Stewart</em> was constituted +Lieutenant to King James III. (1457); +and for his defeating, and bringing to submission, +Mac-Donald, Lord of the Isles, +who had rebelled, he had a special grant of +several lands, and the above Motto added to +his Arms<a name="FNanchor_309_309" id="FNanchor_309_309"></a><a href="#Footnote_309_309" class="fnanchor">[309]</a>, which seems to mean, <em>Go forth, +be successful, and fill the Fetters with the +Feet of all other rebellious Subjects</em>; for I +understand "<em>Fortune</em>" to be a verb, and +chosen probably for the sake of the alliteration. +One appendage to the Arms of <em>Murray</em>, +probably received from Stewart, has an +allusion to the Motto; for the Supporter, on +the Sinister side, is a Savage, with his Feet +in Fetters.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Seton</span>, Earl of <span class="smcap">Winton</span> (attainted). The +original Motto of <em>Lord</em> Seton was "Invia +Virtuti Via nulla;" but another was assumed +by the first <em>Earl</em>, alluding to an additional +charge which he took, by grant I<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span> +presume, when he was created into that dignity +with great pomp (1601) at Holy-Rood +House. To the original <em>Sword</em> and Imperial +<em>Crown</em> which he bore in an Inescocheon +with a Tressure, was added a Blazing Star of +Twelve Points, with this new Motto, "Intaminatis +fulget honoribus<a name="FNanchor_310_310" id="FNanchor_310_310"></a><a href="#Footnote_310_310" class="fnanchor">[310]</a>," expressive of +the unshaken Loyalty of the Family, which +the last Peer unhappily forgot, and forfeited +in the Rebellion 1715.</p> + +<p>The Slughorn of the Family is <em>Set on</em><a name="FNanchor_311_311" id="FNanchor_311_311"></a><a href="#Footnote_311_311" class="fnanchor">[311]</a>, +which, by amplification, I apprehend, means +<em>Set upon your Enemy</em>, as an incitement to +ardour; and is rather analogous to the Motto +<em>Think on</em>, of the Lord <em>Kirkcudbright</em>, before-mentioned.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Bruce</span>, Earl of <span class="smcap">Elgin</span>. This, and other +Branches of that ancient and once Kingly +Family, has, for its Motto, "<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Fuimus</i>," alluding +strongly to their having been formerly +in possession of the Crown of Scotland.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[252]</a></span> +The Crest is likewise denotative of +Royal pretensions, <em>viz.</em> "A Hand holding a +Sceptre." Something, however, is worth +observing in several of the subordinate +Branches, more distant from the original +Stock, where one may discern the gradual +dispirited declension of the Family, in point +of Regal claims. One private House, indeed, +bears the Lion Rampant in the Arms, +and likewise the Crest, and the Motto of the +Peer. Another descendant drops the Lion +in the Arms, and only bears for Crest, "<em>A +Hand holding a Sword</em>," with this modest +Motto, "<em>Venture forward</em>." A third seems +to give up all for lost, by the Crest, <em>viz.</em> "<em>A +Setting Sun</em>," with this Motto, "<em>Irrevocable</em>;" +while a fourth appears to relinquish +a Temporal for the hope of an Eternal +Crown, by this Motto, "<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Spes mea supernè</i>."<a name="FNanchor_312_312" id="FNanchor_312_312"></a><a href="#Footnote_312_312" class="fnanchor">[312]</a></p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Gordon</span>, Duke of <span class="smcap">Gordon</span>. The primitive +Bearing of this Family was, "Azure<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span>, +a Boar's Head couped, Or;" though at +present it carries "Azure, <em>Three</em> Boars +Heads couped, Or." The first is the more +honourable Charge, as the Unit is always +accounted in Heraldry preferable to Numbers, +not only on account of its simplicity<a name="FNanchor_313_313" id="FNanchor_313_313"></a><a href="#Footnote_313_313" class="fnanchor">[313]</a>, +but in a religious sense (often couched in +Armory), as it betokens God the Father, +while the Charge of Three has the like reference +to the Trinity. The traditional story, +however, relating to the particular Coat +Armour before us, is told by Douglas, in his +Peerage of Scotland, to this effect; <em>viz.</em> that +in the Reign of King Malcolm Canmore, in +the eleventh century, a valiant Knight, of +the name of <em>Gordon</em>, came into Scotland, +but from whence is not said, and was kindly +received by that Prince. The Knight, not +long afterwards, killed a Wild <em>Boar</em>, which +greatly infested the Borders<a name="FNanchor_314_314" id="FNanchor_314_314"></a><a href="#Footnote_314_314" class="fnanchor">[314]</a>, when Malcolm<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span> +gave him a grant of lands in the Shire +of Berwick. These lands, according to the +custom of those times, the Knight called +<em>Gordon</em>, after his own name, and settled +upon them, taking a <em>Boar's</em> Head for his +Armorial Ensign, in memory of his having +killed "that monstrous animal<a name="FNanchor_315_315" id="FNanchor_315_315"></a><a href="#Footnote_315_315" class="fnanchor">[315]</a>." This<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span> +may seem a trivial reason in itself, but we +have another similar tradition in the Arms +of Forbes<a name="FNanchor_316_316" id="FNanchor_316_316"></a><a href="#Footnote_316_316" class="fnanchor">[316]</a>.</p> + +<p>In process of time the Gordons, according +to the practice in Heraldry, increased the +number of <em>Boars Heads</em> to <em>three</em>, two and +one; and thus they continue to be borne at +this day, with proper differences; one of +which, being particular, I shall mention, <em>viz.</em> +<span class="smcap">Gordon</span>, <em>Earl</em> of <em>Aboyne</em>. The reference +contained in the Motto of this Branch seems +merely to be confined to the <em>Cheveron</em> placed +between the <em>Boars Heads</em>, in these words, +"<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Stant cætera Tigno</i>," which last word is +the acknowledged Latin word for the <em>Cheveron</em><a name="FNanchor_317_317" id="FNanchor_317_317"></a><a href="#Footnote_317_317" class="fnanchor">[317]</a>. +This is, perhaps, the greatest compliment +ever paid to the <em>Cheveron</em>, which is +accounted one of the humblest Charges +known, in Heraldic language, by the name +of Ordinaries.</p> + +<p>Thus much for the Arms of the <em>Duke of +Gordon</em>, and for what has been said both of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></span> +the Arms and Motto of the Earl of Aboyne; +but the Motto of the Ducal Branch of the +Family is yet unaccounted for, which is +"Bydand." This, I make no doubt, is a +compound word, and of no little antiquity; +and I take the resolution of it to be, by contraction, +<em>Byde th' End</em>, with the letter D +in the place of the TH; for the Glossarist +to some ancient Scottish Poems, published +from the MSS. of George Bannatyne, at +Edinburgh, 1770, p. 247, renders the word +<em>Bidand, pendente Lite</em>. See also the Glossary, +ad calcem. As to its import, it may +refer to Family transactions, in two points of +view; <em>viz.</em> either to loyal or religious attachments. +In support of the first, we find that +Sir Adam Gordon was a strenuous asserter +of the claims of the Bruces, and peculiarly +active in the cause of King Robert I. (in that +long contest), who accordingly rewarded +him with a large grant of land, sufficient to +secure his interest, and make him <em>byde the +end</em> of the contest as a feudatory under that +King. The Son and Grandson of Sir Adam +were both faithful to the interest of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span> +Bruces, and had the above grant confirmed +by King David II.<a name="FNanchor_318_318" id="FNanchor_318_318"></a><a href="#Footnote_318_318" class="fnanchor">[318]</a> If this is not satisfactory, +we have instances of acts of piety +done by the early Branches of this Family, +sufficient to warrant the Motto on the interpretation +here given; for in the Reign of +Malcolm IV. the Family had large possessions, +part of which they devoted to religious +purposes, by considerable endowments +and benefactions given to the Abbey of +Kelso<a name="FNanchor_319_319" id="FNanchor_319_319"></a><a href="#Footnote_319_319" class="fnanchor">[319]</a>.</p> + +<p>I incline, however, more strongly to the +military sense of the Motto; and the more, +as it is borne by other Families, manifestly +with that reference, though I cannot account +for the connexion of the two Houses. Thus, +for instance, <em>Leith</em>, in one Branch, has for +the Motto, "<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Semper Fidus</i>;" in another, +"<em>Trusty to the End</em>;" and in a third, +"<em>Trusty and Bydand</em>;" in this last, I think +the contraction of the last word, as above +suggested, is more clearly established<a name="FNanchor_320_320" id="FNanchor_320_320"></a><a href="#Footnote_320_320" class="fnanchor">[320]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></span></p> +<p>In these Mottoes of <em>Leith</em>, it must be confessed +there is more appearance of a religious +application than in that of the Duke of <em>Gordon</em>, +as the Armorial Bearings are partly +compounded of Cross-Croslets, and the Crest +of the first is likewise a Turtle-dove.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Elphinston</span>, Lord <span class="smcap">Elphinston</span>; has for +his Motto "<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Caus Causit</i><a name="FNanchor_321_321" id="FNanchor_321_321"></a><a href="#Footnote_321_321" class="fnanchor">[321]</a>," or, as written +by Mr. Nisbet, "<em>Cause caused it</em>."<a name="FNanchor_322_322" id="FNanchor_322_322"></a><a href="#Footnote_322_322" class="fnanchor">[322]</a></p> + +<p>In Almon's Short Peerage of Scotland +<em>Caus</em> or <em>Cause</em> is interpreted <em>Chance</em>, which +leads us to search for some casual circumstance +in the history of the Family, whereby +it was elevated.</p> + +<p>Alexander Elphinston was ennobled by +King James IV. in the time of our Henry +VIII.; to whom a fatal incident happened, to +which his Descendants might have a retrospect +when the Motto was assumed. Some +branches of the story are controverted; but +enough is left by tradition to found our conjecture, +and for the Family to rest the choice<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span> +of their Motto upon. This Alexander, the +first Peer, was slain at the Battle of Flodden +Field (1513), together with King James IV.; +and being, in his person and face, very like +the King, his body was carried by the +English to Berwick, instead of that of the +King, and treated with some indignity. The +controvertible part of the circumstance is, +that the King escaped by this means, and +lived to reward the Family who had thus lost +their valiant Chief; but strong proofs are +to be found, that the King was actually slain, +though by some accounts not in the Battle, +as his body was identified by more than one +of his confidential Servants, who recognized +it by certain private indelible marks<a name="FNanchor_323_323" id="FNanchor_323_323"></a><a href="#Footnote_323_323" class="fnanchor">[323]</a>.</p> + +<p>Buchanan allows that the King escaped +from the Battle; but adds, that he was killed +the same day by a party of his own Subjects, +whose interest it was to take him off, to avoid +a punishment due to themselves for cowardice +in the preceding Battle<a name="FNanchor_324_324" id="FNanchor_324_324"></a><a href="#Footnote_324_324" class="fnanchor">[324]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[260]</a></span></p> +<p>Holinshed tells us, that in order to deceive +the Enemy, and encourage his own Troops, +the King caused several of his Nobles to be +armed and apparelled like himself<a name="FNanchor_325_325" id="FNanchor_325_325"></a><a href="#Footnote_325_325" class="fnanchor">[325]</a>; and this +practice, at that time of day, seems not to +have been uncommon; for Shakspeare makes +Richard say, during the Battle of Bosworth +Field,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"I think, there be <em>Six</em> Richmonds in the Field:<br /></span> +<span class="i0"><em>Five</em> have I slain to-day instead of him<a name="FNanchor_326_326" id="FNanchor_326_326"></a><a href="#Footnote_326_326" class="fnanchor">[326]</a>."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Let this pass for truth; yet was Lord Elphinston's +case the most remarkable, and +most deserving of favour to his posterity, on +account of the insults offered to his body, +under a supposition that it was the body of +the King. After the death of James IV. a +long Minority ensued, and consequently a +Regency; but what reward the Family of +<em>Elphinston</em> had, or what weight they bore in +the Reign of James V. or in that of Queen +Mary, History is not minute enough to inform +us; though we find, that the Great +Grandson of the first Peer slain at Flodden-Field<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[261]</a></span> +was of the Privy Council, and High +Treasurer to James VI. (anno 1599) before +his accession to the Crown of England. This +King was too well read not to have known +what passed in the Reign of his Great Grandfather +respecting the first Lord <em>Elphinston</em>; +and I am willing to suppose the Descendants +of that Peer were equally informed of the +fact above related; and that the Lord Treasurer +<em>Elphinston</em> modestly imputed his elevation +ultimately to that circumstance, and +allusively took the Motto before us.</p> + +<p>Lest this surmise should not be satisfactory, +I will offer another on a very different ground, +arising from the <em>Crest</em>, which is, "A Lady +from the middle richly attired, holding a +<em>Castle</em> in her Right Hand, and in her Left a +Branch of <em>Laurel</em>." This throws the matter +open to another conjecture; for the Bearing +of the <em>Lady</em>, with the <em>Castle</em> in her Right +Hand, may well be supposed to relate to Alliances; +several of the Ancestry of the Family, +which came originally from Germany +in the time of Robert the Bruce (in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[262]</a></span> +Reign of our Edward II.) having married +Heiresses<a name="FNanchor_327_327" id="FNanchor_327_327"></a><a href="#Footnote_327_327" class="fnanchor">[327]</a>, whereby they obtained Lands, +Castles, Power, and Nobility. These events +often repeated, which may be termed the +effects of <em>chance</em>, give us latitude to suppose +the Motto may, on the other hand, relate to +those casual means, whereby the Family rose +to the honour of the Peerage.</p> + +<p>These are the only two conjectures I have to +offer; and I do not at present meet with any +other historical matter to warrant a third.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p><span class="smcap">Leslie</span>, Earl of <span class="smcap">Rothes</span>.—The Motto of +this Family is "Grip (or Gripe) Fast<a name="FNanchor_328_328" id="FNanchor_328_328"></a><a href="#Footnote_328_328" class="fnanchor">[328]</a>," and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[263]</a></span> +seems to contain a double allusion; first to +the old Motto "Firmâ Spe," and afterwards +to some parts of the additional Armorial Appendages. +I call it the old Motto, from the +account Mr. Nisbet gives of the original +Bearing and its adjuncts; <em>viz.</em> "Argent, on +a Fess, between two Cross-Croslets Azure, +Three Buckles Or." Crest, "A Griphon's +(or Griffin's) Head couped Proper, charged +with a Cross-Croslet fitched Argent." Motto, +"Firmâ Spe."<a name="FNanchor_329_329" id="FNanchor_329_329"></a><a href="#Footnote_329_329" class="fnanchor">[329]</a> Herein the Cross-Croslets +repeated, taken together with the new Motto, +admit of a religious allusion, as <em>holding fast</em> +the Faith of Christ with <em>firm Hope</em>, expressed +allegorically by the Head of the Griffin. It +may therefore be conceived, that the change +of the Motto might take place after the Family, +on being ennobled, chose Griffins for +Supporters; thereby giving a loose and whimsical +translation, if I may call it so, of "Firmâ +Spe," by the words "Grip Fast." The ancient +Bearings of the Cross-Croslets are now +discharged, nothing remaining on the Field<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[264]</a></span> +but a <em>Bend</em>, instead of a <em>Fess</em>, charged with +Three Buckles; so that the meaning, couched +under the Cross-Croslets, the Griffin's Head, +and the original words of the Motto, is entirely +lost: and at present nothing remains +but a quaint allusion to the group of those +chimerical Animals. The <em>Buckles</em>, borne +first on the <em>Fess</em>, and afterwards on the <em>Bend</em> +(a Change not uncommon as a Difference, in +token of Cadency or Cadetship in Scotland), +may likewise have regard to that strong metaphorical +description of Christian Defence +against the Powers of Darkness in the Sixth +Chapter of the Epistle to the Ephesians, or +to the First Epistle to the Thessalonians +(Chap. v. 21). "Hold fast that which is +good;" <em>viz</em>. the Faith and Hope in the Cross +of Christ. In support of this idea, as being +primarily religious, it appears that one subordinate +Branch of the Family (<em>Leslie</em> of +Talloch) bears for a Crest, not a Griffin's, +but "An Eagle's Neck, with Two Heads +erased Sable;" with the Motto "Hold +Fast:" and another has for its Motto "Keep<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[265]</a></span> +Fast:"<a name="FNanchor_330_330" id="FNanchor_330_330"></a><a href="#Footnote_330_330" class="fnanchor">[330]</a> so that <em>Grip</em>, or <em>Gripe Fast</em>, may be +considered as a mere canting Motto, arising +from old Heraldic wit. <em>Leslie</em> of Burdsbank, +carries the quartered Coat of the Earl of +Rothes, with Differences; with the <em>Crest</em>, +"A Buckle Or," and the Motto "Keep Fast."</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p>I close this attempt (for I call it nothing +more) with a singular Motto of a Private +Family.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Haig</span>, or perhaps <em>Haigh</em>, of Bemerside, +has for the Family Motto "Tyde what may," +founded on a Prophecy of Sir Thomas Lermont +(well known in Scotland by the name +of "Thomas the Rhymer," because he wrote +his Prophecies in Rhyme), who was an Herald +in the Reign of Alexander III. He is +said to have foretold the time of his own +death; and particularly, among other remarkable +occurrences, the Union of England and +Scotland, which was not accomplished till the +Reign of James VI. some hundreds of years +after this Gentleman died. These Prophecies<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[266]</a></span> +were never published in a perfect state; +but the Epitome of them is well known in +Scotland, though Mr. Nisbet says it is very +erroneous. The original, he tells us, is a +Folio MS. which Mr. Nisbet seems to have +seen; for he adds, "Many things are missing +in the small book which are to be met with +in the original, particularly these two lines, +concerning his (Sir Thomas Lermont's) +neighbour, Haig of Bemerside:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">'Tyde what may betide,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Haig shall be Laird of Bemerside.'<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p class="noind">"And," continues Mr. Nisbet, "his Prophecy +concerning that ancient Family has +hitherto been true; for since that time till +this day (1702) the Haigs have been Lairds +of that place."<a name="FNanchor_331_331" id="FNanchor_331_331"></a><a href="#Footnote_331_331" class="fnanchor">[331]</a></p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p>"Cave Adsum" is the Motto of <span class="smcap">Jardin</span>, +of Applegirth, Bart. in Scotland. The Ingredients +(as they may be called) to which it +alludes, are very dispersed, and to be collected +from the Supporters, the Bearing, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[267]</a></span> +Crest: the Arms having "Three Mullets +charged on the Chief;" the Supporters, "An +Armed Man and a Horse;" and the Crest, +"A Mullet or Spur-Rowel." This might +allude to Justs and Tournaments<a name="FNanchor_332_332" id="FNanchor_332_332"></a><a href="#Footnote_332_332" class="fnanchor">[332]</a>.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p>I shall conclude with one Irish Motto; that +of <span class="smcap">Fitzgerald</span>—"<em>Crom a Boo</em>;" a Cri +de Guerre, or Term of Defiance. <em>A Boo</em> +means <em>the Cause</em>, or the <em>Party</em>, and <em>Crom</em> +was the ancient Castle of the Fitz-Geralds. +So <em>Butler</em> a <em>Boo</em> meant the Ormond Party, +the Cri on the other side; by which they +insulted each other, and consequently frays +and skirmishes ensued<a name="FNanchor_333_333" id="FNanchor_333_333"></a><a href="#Footnote_333_333" class="fnanchor">[333]</a>.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p>Simon Fitz-Alan had a Son Robert, who, +being of a fair complexion, was called <em>Boyt</em>, +or <em>Boyd</em>, from the Celtic or Gallic word +<em>Boidh</em>, which signifies fair or <em>yellow</em><a name="FNanchor_334_334" id="FNanchor_334_334"></a><a href="#Footnote_334_334" class="fnanchor">[334]</a>, from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[268]</a></span> +which he assumed his Sur-name, and from +him all the Boyds in Scotland are descended<a name="FNanchor_335_335" id="FNanchor_335_335"></a><a href="#Footnote_335_335" class="fnanchor">[335]</a>.</p> + +<p><em>Canmore</em> is a Sobriquet. So might <em>GoldBerry</em>, +from the colour of Boyd's hair. Sobriquets +common in England and France; +there was scarce a French King without +some addition, relative to their persons, or to +their good or bad qualities.</p> + +<p><em>Goldberry</em> is a Slughorn, for the Motto is +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Confido</i>, as applying to the confidence the +Chief had in the Vassals belonging to the +Clan; though by the modern Crest (a Thumb +and two Fingers pointing to Heaven) it seems +to admit of a religious interpretation.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[269]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>DISSERTATION<br /> + +<span class="s05">ON</span><br /> + +<span class="oldenglish">Coaches</span>.</h2> + + +<p>Every thing has History belonging to it, +though perhaps it is seldom worth investigation; +and what follows will, I suspect, be +thought not unlike Gratiano's reasons; <em>viz</em>. +"As two grains of wheat hid in two bushels +of chaff; you shall seek all day ere you find +them, and when you have them, they are not +worth the search<a name="FNanchor_336_336" id="FNanchor_336_336"></a><a href="#Footnote_336_336" class="fnanchor">[336]</a>." But, as the History +of Coaches in general, and particularly of +Hackney Coaches, has never been drawn +together, I shall attempt to do it as an historical +detail of that species of luxury. +. +The Nobleman, and the man of fortune, +steps into his own carriage; and the humbler<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[270]</a></span> +orders of men into their occasional coach, +even with the gout upon them, when walking +is out of the question; without ever thinking +with the smallest gratitude of those who introduced +or improved such a convenience; +and all this because these Vehicles are now +too common to attract our notice further than +their immediate use suggests.</p> + +<p>It is the business of Antiquaries to rescue +subjects of this sort from oblivion, as to their +origin, their improvements, &c. to the present +hour; who of course must leave it to +others of the same class, to shew their decline; +for it is not improbable that even the +present gay families, or their posterity, may +be witnesses of such a revolution.</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p>The first Wheel-Carriages of the Coach +kind were in use with us in the Reign of +King Richard II., and were called <em>Whirlicotes</em>; +though we cannot but suppose they +were such as, but for the name of riding,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[271]</a></span> +our ancestors might as well have walked on +foot. Let us hear the account given either +by Master John Stowe, or some of his +Editors, on this matter, who tells us that +"Coaches were not known in this Island; +but Chariots, or <em>Whirlicotes</em>, then so called, +and they only used of Princes, or men of +great estates, such as had their footmen +about them. And for example to note, I +read<a name="FNanchor_337_337" id="FNanchor_337_337"></a><a href="#Footnote_337_337" class="fnanchor">[337]</a> that Richard II. being threatened by +the Rebels of Kent, rode from the Tower of +London to the Miles-End, and with him +his Mother, because she was sick and weak, +in a Whirlicote.... But in the year +next following, the said Richard took to +wife Anne, daughter to the King of Bohemia, +who first brought hither the riding +upon side-saddles; and so was the riding in +those <em>Whirlicotes</em> and Chariots forsaken, +except at Coronations, and such like spectacles. +But now of late," continues he, +"the use of Coaches brought out of Germany, +is taken up and made so common, as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[272]</a></span> +there is neither distinction of time, nor difference +of persons, observed; for the world +runs on wheels with many whose parents +were glad to go on foot<a name="FNanchor_338_338" id="FNanchor_338_338"></a><a href="#Footnote_338_338" class="fnanchor">[338]</a>."</p> + +<p>We may hence suppose that the <em>Whirlicote</em> +was not much more than a Litter upon +Wheels, and adapted both to state and invalidity, +among the higher orders of mankind; +for we have seen that they gave place even to +riding on Horseback, among the Ladies, as +soon as proper Saddles were introduced.</p> + +<p>The word <em>Coach</em> is evidently French, from +their word <em>Carrosse</em>, and was formerly often +written <em>Carroche</em>, as it appears in Stowe's +Chronicle, where the two words appear almost +in the same sentence. The French +word, nevertheless, is not radically such, but +formed from the Italian <i lang="it" xml:lang="it">Carroccio</i>, or <i lang="it" xml:lang="it">Carrozza</i>, +for they have both; and that even +the latter is a compound of <i lang="it" xml:lang="it">Carro Rozzo</i>, it +being a <em>red</em> Carriage, whereon the Italians +carried the Cross when they took the field. +So says Mr. Menage<a name="FNanchor_339_339" id="FNanchor_339_339"></a><a href="#Footnote_339_339" class="fnanchor">[339]</a>; and if so, this Vehicle<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[273]</a></span> +passed from Italy to Germany, from thence +to France, and at length to us. According +to Mr. De Caseneuve, the Italian <i lang="it" xml:lang="it">Carrocio</i> +had four wheels; and he adds to what Mr. +Menage has said, that they carried their +Standards upon it<a name="FNanchor_340_340" id="FNanchor_340_340"></a><a href="#Footnote_340_340" class="fnanchor">[340]</a>.</p> + +<p>The French <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Charrette</i>, from whence our +<em>Chariot</em><a name="FNanchor_341_341" id="FNanchor_341_341"></a><a href="#Footnote_341_341" class="fnanchor">[341]</a>, had but two wheels. But we +may observe how our word is degraded, for +it properly signifies a <em>Cart</em>, though it had +four wheels<a name="FNanchor_342_342" id="FNanchor_342_342"></a><a href="#Footnote_342_342" class="fnanchor">[342]</a>. The French, since Coaches +came into use, have been ashamed of the +term, and call it a Carrosse Coupé, or Half-Coach. +. +By the above account the <em>Chariot</em> seems to +have been the elder Vehicle, or rather the +Coach in its infancy; which will lead us towards +the etymon of our word <em>Coach</em>, and to +the original nature of our <em>Chariot</em>, though +both of them have the same common parent.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[274]</a></span></p> + +<p>We may, however, collect enough from +these accounts, to satisfy ourselves that the +introduction of Coaches took place in the +Reign of Queen Elizabeth; and Stowe's +Continuator adds a very natural consequence:—That, +after the Royal example, +"divers great ladies made them Coaches, +and rode in them up and down the countries, +to the great admiration of all the beholders." +After this, he tells us, they grew common +among the Nobility and opulent Gentry; that +within twenty years Coach-making became +a great trade, and that Coaches grew into +more general use soon after the accession of +King James.</p> + +<p>What sort of Carriages they originally +were with us, in point of elegance, is not +easily said; but in Germany, about that period, +we are told they were—"ugly Vehicles +made of four boards, which were put together +in a very clumsy manner<a name="FNanchor_343_343" id="FNanchor_343_343"></a><a href="#Footnote_343_343" class="fnanchor">[343]</a>." Of these, however, +my Author adds, that John Sigismund, +Elector of Brandenburg, when he went to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[275]</a></span> +Warsaw to do homage for the Dutchy of +Prussia, A. D. 1618, had in his train thirty-six +of these Coaches, each drawn by six +horses.</p> + +<p>Either the Chariots of that time were +usually more elegant, or the Denmarkers +had more taste than the Germans; for the +same Author tells us, that, when the King of +Denmark passed through Berlin, in the +Reign of the Elector John George, who died +1598, the King made his entry "in a black-velvet +Chariot, laced with gold; drawn by +eight white coursers, with bits and caparisons +all of silver<a name="FNanchor_344_344" id="FNanchor_344_344"></a><a href="#Footnote_344_344" class="fnanchor">[344]</a>."</p> + +<p>The Chariot I take to have been a much +more ancient Vehicle, and an open Vehicle; +for we read of them in the Reign of our +Henry VII. and even of our Richard II.</p> + +<p>Queen Elizabeth, when she went to St. +Paul's, 1588, after the Spanish Armada, was +in a <em>Chariot</em> supported by four pillars, and +drawn by two white horses<a name="FNanchor_345_345" id="FNanchor_345_345"></a><a href="#Footnote_345_345" class="fnanchor">[345]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[276]</a></span></p> +<p>It is generally agreed, by those Writers +who have touched upon the subject, that +Coaches were introduced into this Kingdom +in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth; but they +must have had an earlier appearance amongst +us than Anderson, in his History of Commerce, +vol. I. p. 421, allows, who affirms, +that the first of them was brought hither by +[Henry] Fitz-Alan, the last Earl of Arundel +of that name, in the year 1580; which cannot +be the truth; for his Lordship died 1579. +This Earl, after having served Kings Henry +VIII. and Edward VI. and Queen Mary, +became likewise high in the favour of Queen +Elizabeth, and was Lord Steward of her +Household; but, finding himself supplanted +by the Earl of Leicester, he went abroad +A. D. 1566<a name="FNanchor_346_346" id="FNanchor_346_346"></a><a href="#Footnote_346_346" class="fnanchor">[346]</a>. It is to be supposed that he +travelled to the sea-coast in the accustomed +manner on Horseback; but he is said to have +returned in his Coach, which, Mr. Granger +says, was the first Equipage of the kind ever +seen in England<a name="FNanchor_347_347" id="FNanchor_347_347"></a><a href="#Footnote_347_347" class="fnanchor">[347]</a>; but that Author has left<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[277]</a></span> +us without the date; so that we are yet to +seek for that point.</p> + +<p>Another Writer robs his Lordship entirely +of the honour of such introduction; for Stowe's +Continuator expressly says, that "In the +year 1564 (two years before the Earl of +Arundel went abroad), Guilliam Boonen, a +Dutchman, became the Queen's Coachman, +and was the first that brought the use of +Coaches into England<a name="FNanchor_348_348" id="FNanchor_348_348"></a><a href="#Footnote_348_348" class="fnanchor">[348]</a>." This very Coachman +is said also to have driven the Queen's +Coach, when she visited Oxford, 1592. +Which of these two stories be true, the +Relaters, Granger and Stowe, must answer +for: but Anderson is palpably wrong in +his date.</p> + +<p>I can form no better an idea of our first +Coaches than that they were heavy and unwieldy, +as they continued to be for nearly +two centuries afterwards; and I can at best +but take the standard from the present State<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[278]</a></span> +Coaches of the Archbishop of Canterbury and +the Speaker of the House of Commons<a name="FNanchor_349_349" id="FNanchor_349_349"></a><a href="#Footnote_349_349" class="fnanchor">[349]</a>.</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[279]</a></span></p> +<p>It cannot be any matter of surprize, after +so luxurious a conveyance had found its way +into the Royal Establishment, that it should +be adopted by others who could support the +expence, when not curbed by sumptuary laws; +and we have accordingly seen, that Coaches +prevailed much, early in the Reign of King +James; but Hackney Coaches, which are +professedly the Subject of this Memoir, waited +till luxury had made larger strides among us, +and till private Coaches came to market at +second hand.</p> + + +<h3><span class="smcap">Hackney Coach.</span></h3> + +<p>There having always been an imitative +luxury in mankind, whereby the inferior +orders might approximate the superior; so +those that could not maintain a Coach <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">de die</i> +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">in diem</i> contrived a means of having the use<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[280]</a></span> +of one <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">de horâ in horam</i>. Hence arose our +occasional Vehicles called Hackney Coaches.</p> + +<p>The French word <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Haquenée</i><a name="FNanchor_350_350" id="FNanchor_350_350"></a><a href="#Footnote_350_350" class="fnanchor">[350]</a> implies a +common horse for all purposes of riding, +whether for private use or for hire; generally +an ambler, as distinguished from the horses +of superior orders, such as the <em>palfrey</em> and the +<em>great horse</em>. The former of these are often +called <em>pad-nags</em>, and were likewise <em>amblers</em>; +while horses for draught were called <em>trotting-horses</em><a name="FNanchor_351_351" id="FNanchor_351_351"></a><a href="#Footnote_351_351" class="fnanchor">[351]</a>: +so that the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Haquenée</i> was in fact, +and in his use, distinct from all the rest, and +inferior in rank and quality. This term for +an ambling-nag occurs in Chaucer<a name="FNanchor_352_352" id="FNanchor_352_352"></a><a href="#Footnote_352_352" class="fnanchor">[352]</a>. Thus +we obtained our <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Haquenée</i> or <em>Hackney +Horses</em> long before we had any Coaches to +tack to them; and the term had likewise, at +the same time, made its way into metaphor, +to express any thing much and promiscuously +used. Thus Shakspeare, who never lived to +ride in a <em>Hackney Coach</em>, applies the word +<em>Hackney</em> to a common woman of easy<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[281]</a></span> +access<a name="FNanchor_353_353" id="FNanchor_353_353"></a><a href="#Footnote_353_353" class="fnanchor">[353]</a>: and again, in the First Part of +Henry IV. (Act iii. Sc. 4), the King says to +the Prince of Wales,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Had I so lavish of my presence been,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">So common-<em>hackneyed</em> in the eyes of men,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">So stale and cheap to vulgar company," &c.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Now Shakspeare died in the year 1616; +whereas Hackney Coaches were not known, +in the Streets at least, till about the year +1625<a name="FNanchor_354_354" id="FNanchor_354_354"></a><a href="#Footnote_354_354" class="fnanchor">[354]</a>.</p> + +<p>Though the term <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Haquenée</i> is French, it +is not used in France for Coaches of a like +kind; yet, after we had adopted the word as +applied to horses of the common sort, it was +easy to put them in harness, for the service +of drawing, and the convenience of the Inhabitants +of the Metropolis; whereby the +word <em>Hackney</em> became transferred to the +whole Equipage, then in want of a differential +name; whereof the Coach, being the more +striking part, obtained the name by pre-eminence.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[282]</a></span></p> + +<p>Before I return to my subject, give me +leave to add a word or two on the French +Coaches of a similar nature, which are called +<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Fiacres</i><a name="FNanchor_355_355" id="FNanchor_355_355"></a><a href="#Footnote_355_355" class="fnanchor">[355]</a>. The term is thus accounted for, +though I did not suspect I should have found +the meaning in a Martyrology. <em>Fiacre</em> was +the name of a Saint, whose Portrait, like those +of many other famous men of their times +both in Church and State, had the honour to +adorn a Sign-Post; and the Inn in Paris, +Rue St. Antoine, from which these Coaches +were first let out to hire on temporary occasions, +had the Sign of <em>St. Fiacre</em>, and from +thence they took their name. M. Richelet, in +his Dictionary<a name="FNanchor_356_356" id="FNanchor_356_356"></a><a href="#Footnote_356_356" class="fnanchor">[356]</a>, tells us, that a <em>Fiacre</em> is +"Carosse de loüage, auquel on a donné ce +nom à cause de l'Enseigne d'un logis de la +Rue St. Antoine de Paris ou l'on a premierement<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[283]</a></span> +löué ces sortes de Carosse. Ce logis +avoit pour Enseigne un <em>Saint Fiacre</em>." As +to the Saint himself, he was no less a personage +than the second Son, and at length +Heir, of Eugenius IV. King of Scots, who +lived in the Seventh Century. He went into +France, took a religious habit, refusing the +Crown of Scotland some years afterwards, +on his Brother's death; and, when he died, +was canonized. There is a Chapel dedicated +to him at St. Omer's. His death is +commemorated on the 30th of August<a name="FNanchor_357_357" id="FNanchor_357_357"></a><a href="#Footnote_357_357" class="fnanchor">[357]</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[284]</a></span></p> + +<p>As to the time when the French <em>Fiacres</em> +first came into use, we are led pretty +nearly to it by Mr. Menage, who, in his +"Origines de la Langue Françoise," published +in Quarto, 1650, speaks of them as of +a late introduction. His words are, "On +appelle ainsi [Fiacre] à Paris <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">depuis quelques</i> +<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">années</i> un Carosse de loüage." He then gives +the same reason as we find in Richelet: but +the words "<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">depuis quelques Années</i>" shew, +that those Coaches had not then been long +in use, and are to be dated either a little +before or a little after our own; insomuch +that it is probable the one gave the example +to the other, allowing Mr. Menage credit for +twenty-five years, comprehended in his expression +of <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">quelques Années</i><a name="FNanchor_358_358" id="FNanchor_358_358"></a><a href="#Footnote_358_358" class="fnanchor">[358]</a>.</p> + +<p>But to return to our Hackney Coaches, +which took birth A. D. 1625 (the first year of +King Charles I.); and either began to ply in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[285]</a></span> +the Streets, or stood ready at Inns to be called +for if wanted: and at that time did not exceed +<em>twenty</em> in number<a name="FNanchor_359_359" id="FNanchor_359_359"></a><a href="#Footnote_359_359" class="fnanchor">[359]</a>. But, as luxury makes +large shoots in any branch where it puts +forth, so we find that, in no more than ten +years, this new-planted scyon had grown so +much as to require the pruning-knife; for that +the Street Coaches had become in reality a +national nuisance in various particulars: and +accordingly a Proclamation issued A.D. 1635 +in the following words:</p> + +<blockquote> + +<p>"That the great numbers of Hackney Coaches of +late time seen and kept in London, Westminster, and +their Suburbs, and the general and promiscuous use of +Coaches there, were not only <em>a great disturbance to his +Majesty, his dearest Consort the Queen, the Nobility, +and others of place and degree, in their passage through +the Streets</em>; but the Streets themselves were so pestered, +and the pavements so broken up, that the common +passage is thereby hindered and made dangerous; +and the prices of hay and provender, and other provisions +of stable, thereby made exceeding dear: +Wherefore we expressly command and forbid, That, +from the Feast of St. John the Baptist next coming, no +Hackney or Hired Coaches be used or suffered in London,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[286]</a></span> +Westminster, or the Suburbs or Liberties thereof, +except they be to travel at least <em>three</em> miles out of +London or Westminster, or the Suburbs thereof. +And also, that no person shall go in a Coach in the +said Streets, except the owner of the Coach shall +constantly keep up <em>Four able Horses for our Service, +when required</em><a name="FNanchor_360_360" id="FNanchor_360_360"></a><a href="#Footnote_360_360" class="fnanchor">[360]</a>. Dated January 19, 1635-6."</p></blockquote> + +<p>This Proclamation, so long as it was observed, +must have put a considerable check +to the use of these Carriages; nor can I think +it could operate much in the King's favour, +as it would hardly be worth a Coach-Master's +while to be at so great a contingent charge +as the keeping of Four Horses to be furnished +at a moment's warning for his Majesty's +occasional employment. We are to +construe this, then, as amounting to a prohibition, +on account of the certain expence +which must follow an uncertain occupation. +The nature of this penalty, as I may call it, +was founded on the Statute of Purveyance, +not then repealed.</p> + +<p>But there was another co-operating cause +that suspended the use of Coaches for a short<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[287]</a></span> +time, which was the introduction of the +<em>Hackney Chairs</em>, which took place a very +little while before the Proclamation. They +arose from the incommodities stated in the +Royal Edict, and, no doubt, tended in some +measure towards the suppression of the Hackney-Coaches; +till by degrees being found incompetent +to answer all their seemingly intended +purposes, we shall see the Coaches, in +about <em>two</em> years time, return into the streets, +and resume their functions. But to proceed +with the History of the <em>Chairs</em>. At the critical +time, then, when Government was devising +measures to prevent the increase of +<em>Coaches</em> as much as possible, for the reasons +alleged in the Proclamation, there stepped in +a Knight, by name Sir Saunders Duncombe, +a Gentleman-Pensioner, and a travelled man, +who proposed the introduction of <em>Chairs</em>, +after the model he had seen abroad<a name="FNanchor_361_361" id="FNanchor_361_361"></a><a href="#Footnote_361_361" class="fnanchor">[361]</a>. This +was in the year 1634; when Sir Saunders<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[288]</a></span> +obtained an exclusive Patent for the setting +them forth for hire, dated the first day of +October, for the term of <em>fourteen</em> years. The +number is not specified, but left perhaps indefinite, +it being impossible to say what +would be necessary in a new device of this +sort, tending to be beneficial to the introductor, +as well as convenient to the Publick. +The tenor of the Grant, omitting the words +of course, runs thus:</p> + +<blockquote> + +<p> +"<span class="smcap">Charles</span>, &c. +</p> + +<p>"Whereas the several Streets and Passages within +our Cities of <em>London</em> and <em>Westminster</em>, and the Suburbs +of the same, are of late time so much encumbered and +pestered with the unnecessary multitude of Coaches +therein used, that many of our good and loving Subjects +are by that means oftentimes exposed to great +danger; and the necessary use of Carts and Carriages +for the necessary Provisions of the said Cities and +Suburbs thereby also much hindered. And whereas, +our servant, <em>Sir Sanders Duncombe</em>, Knight, hath lately +preferred his humble Petition unto us; thereby shewing, +that in many parts beyond the Seas, the people +there are much carried in the Streets in Chairs that +are covered; by which means very few Coaches are +used amongst them: and thereof he hath humbly +besought us to grant unto him the sole using and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[289]</a></span> +putting forth to hire of certain covered Chairs, which +he will procure to be made at his own proper costs +and charges, for carrying such of our loving Subjects as +shall desire to use the same, in and about our said Cities +of <em>London</em> and <em>Westminster</em>, and the Suburbs thereof.</p> + +<p>"Know ye, that we, of our princely care of the good +and welfare of all our loving Subjects, desiring to use +all good and lawful ways and means that may tend to +the suppressing of the excessive and unnecessary +number of Coaches now of late used in and about our +said Cities, and the Suburbs thereof; and to the intent +the said <em>Sir Sanders Duncombe</em> may reap some +fruit and benefit of his industry, and may recompense +himself of the costs, charges, and expences, which he +shall be at in and about the directing, making, procuring, +and putting in use of the said covered Chairs, +of the purpose aforesaid; and for divers other good +causes and considerations, us hereunto moving, of our +special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, +have given and granted, and by these Presents, for Us, +our Heirs and Successors, do give and grant, unto the +said <em>Sir Sanders Duncombe</em>, his Executors, Administrators, +and Assigns, and to his and their, and every of +their, Deputy and Deputies, Servants, Workmen, +Factors, and Agents, and to all and every such person +and persons as shall have power and authority +from him, them, or any of them, in that behalf, full +and free Licence, Privilege, Power, and Authority, +that they only, and none other, shall or may, from time +to time, during the term of fourteen years hereafter<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[290]</a></span> +granted, use, put forth, and lett to hire, within our +said Cities of <em>London</em> and <em>Westminster</em>, and the Suburbs +and Precincts thereof, or in any part of them, or any +of them, the said covered Chairs, to be carried and +borne as aforesaid.</p> + +<p>"Witness Ourself at <em>Canbury</em>, the First day of +October<a name="FNanchor_362_362" id="FNanchor_362_362"></a><a href="#Footnote_362_362" class="fnanchor">[362]</a>."</p></blockquote> + +<p>The place principally hinted at in the above +Grant, or Patent, seems to have been the City +of <em>Sedan</em> in Champagne; where, we are at +liberty to suppose, these covered Chairs being +most in use, they obtained with us the name +of <em>Sedan Chairs</em>, like the local names of +<em>Berlin</em> and <em>Landau</em><a name="FNanchor_363_363" id="FNanchor_363_363"></a><a href="#Footnote_363_363" class="fnanchor">[363]</a>.</p> + +<p>These new Vehicles, hitherto unseen in +our orbit, had, doubtless, patrons among the +beaus and fine gentlemen of the age; though, +in their general utility, they manifestly could +not be so commodious as Coaches, were it<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[291]</a></span> +for no other reason than that they could +carry but one person. They might prevail +with persons of a certain rank and description; +but the opulent Merchant, and others +in a similar line of family life, still were in +want of a conveyance of greater capacity; a +circumstance which would depress the <em>Chairs</em>, +and gradually hasten the re-introduction of +the <em>Coaches</em>, and which, as has been observed, +took place accordingly in little more +than two years. The following special commission +was therefore granted by the King, +A. D. 1637, wherein the number of the +Coaches seems rather to have enlarged, and +the management of them was placed in the +department of the Master of the Horse. It +runs essentially in the following words:</p> + +<blockquote> + +<p>"That we, finding it very requisite for our Nobility +and Gentry, as well as for Foreign Ambassadors, +Strangers, and others, that there should be a competent +number of Hackney Coaches allowed for such +uses, have, by the advice of our Privy Council, +thought fit to allow <em>Fifty Hackney Coachmen</em> in and +about London and Westminster; limiting them not to +keep above Twelve Horses a-piece. We therefore +grant to you [the Marquis] during your Life, the +Power and Authority to license <em>Fifty</em> Hackney Coachmen,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[292]</a></span> +who shall keep no more than Twelve good +Horses each, for their, or any of their, Coach and +Coaches respectively. You also hereby have Power +to license so many in other Cities and Towns of England +as in your wisdom shall be thought necessary; +with power to restrain and prohibit all others from +keeping any Hackney Coach to let to hire, either in +London or elsewhere. Also to prescribe <em>Rules</em> and +<em>Orders</em> concerning the daily <em>Prices</em> of the said licensed +Hackney Coachmen, to be by them, or any of them, +taken for <em>our own</em> particular service, and in their employment +for our Subjects; provided such orders be +first allowed by us, under our Royal Hand."<a name="FNanchor_364_364" id="FNanchor_364_364"></a><a href="#Footnote_364_364" class="fnanchor">[364]</a></p></blockquote> + +<p>We may observe that the article of Purveyance +is here very gently touched upon, and confined +to a sign-manual. Mr. Anderson supposes +that there must have been many more than <em>fifty</em> +Coaches introduced by the above allowance of +<em>twelve</em> horses; but it seems rather to imply +that no Coach-Master should engross more +than six Coaches to himself. This also might +be a tacit mode of preserving a supply of horses +to be purveyed for the King when necessary.</p> + +<p>One may collect from hence that private +Coaches were sparingly kept, by the mention +of the Nobility and Gentry.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[293]</a></span></p> + +<p>Hitherto we have found the Hackney +Coaches under the regulation of the Crown, +or its immediate Officers; but we are now to +look for them at a time when the Monarchical +Government was suspended, during the Protectorate. +Whether the Master of the Horse +received any emolument from granting the +above Licences, is not apparent; but under +the Commonwealth we find that the Coaches +became subject to a tax towards the expence +of their regulation; for by an Act of Oliver's +Parliament, A. D. 1654, the number of such +Coaches, within London and Westminster, +was enlarged to <em>two hundred</em><a name="FNanchor_365_365" id="FNanchor_365_365"></a><a href="#Footnote_365_365" class="fnanchor">[365]</a>. The outlying +distance was also augmented to <em>six</em> +miles <em>round the late lines of communication</em>, +as the Statute expresses it; by which I conceive +that the greatest distance was extended +to <em>nine</em> miles, including the <em>three</em> prescribed,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[294]</a></span> +or rather enjoined, by the regulating proclamation +of King Charles I. in the year 1635. +By this Act of Oliver's Parliament, the government +of the Hackney Coaches, with +respect to their <em>stands</em>, <em>rates</em>, &c. was placed +in the Court of Aldermen of London; and +as, of course, this new business would require +Clerks, and other officers, to supervise +it, the Coach-Masters were made subject to +the payment of <em>twenty shillings</em> yearly for +every such Coach.</p> + +<p>Here we have brought the Coaches under +a Police similar to that of our own time; +but it did not long remain in the hands of +the Corporation; for in the year after the +Restoration, the establishment was new-modelled +by an Act of the 13th and 14th of +King Charles II. 1661, wherein it is specified +that no Coaches were to be used without +a Licence,—who may be entitled to such +Licences,—that the number shall not exceed +400,—what shall be the rates,—with penalties +for exacting more<a name="FNanchor_366_366" id="FNanchor_366_366"></a><a href="#Footnote_366_366" class="fnanchor">[366]</a>.</p> + +<p>Each of these four hundred Coaches so<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[295]</a></span> +licensed was obliged to pay annually five +pounds for the privilege, to be applied towards +the keeping in repair certain parts of +the streets of London and Westminster<a name="FNanchor_367_367" id="FNanchor_367_367"></a><a href="#Footnote_367_367" class="fnanchor">[367]</a>; a +very rational appropriation of such fund, for +who ought so much to contribute to the +amendment of the streets, as those who lived +by their demolition?</p> + +<p class="center"> +"Nex Lex æquior ulla, quam," &c. +</p> + +<p>Within a few years after the Revolution +(anno 5 Gul. et Mar. ch. xxii.) the number +of Coaches arose to seven hundred, each of +which paid to the Crown annually four +pounds. This, primâ facie, one would suppose +was a relief to the Coach-Masters, and +that the reduction in the impost accrued from +the number; but that was not the case, for +every Owner, for each Coach, was constrained +to pay down fifty pounds for his first Licence +for twenty-one years, or forego his employment; +which seeming indulgence was, in +fact, paying five pounds <em>per annum</em> for that +term; whereas, probably, the Coach-Master<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[296]</a></span> +would rather have continued at the former +five pounds, and have run all risks, than have +purchased an exclusive privilege, in the gross, +at so high a price.</p> + +<p>The finances, and even the resources, of +Government, must have been very low at this +moment, or Ministry could never have stooped +to so paltry and oppressive an expedient, to +raise so small a sum as would arise from these +Licences. By the increase of the number of +Coaches from four hundred at five pounds +<em>per annum</em>, to seven hundred at four pounds +<em>per annum</em>, the gain to the Treasury was +£.800 annually:—and what did the licences +at fifty pounds each Coach, for the term of +twenty-one years, yield to the State?—£.3,500! +Whereas, had such lease of the +privilege of driving a Coach been kept at the +rack rent of five pounds <em>per annum</em>, it had +produced in that period £.14,700.</p> + +<p>Thus, however the matter rested, till the +ninth year of Queen Anne, 1710, when a Statute +was made, which brought the business +to its present standard, with a few variations, +which will be observed in the order of time. +By this Act every circumstance was new<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[297]</a></span> +modelled; for thereby the Crown was impowered +to appoint five Commissioners for +regulating and licensing both Hackney +Coaches and Chairs, from the time the late +Statute of the fifth of William and Mary +should expire, <em>viz.</em> at Midsummer A. D. +1715, authorizing such Commissioners to +grant licences to eight hundred Hackney +Coaches from that time for the term of thirty-two +years, which should be allowed to be +driven in the Cities of London and Westminster, +and the Suburbs thereof, or any +where within the Bills of Mortality; each +Coach paying for such privilege the sum of +five shillings <em>per</em> week<a name="FNanchor_368_368" id="FNanchor_368_368"></a><a href="#Footnote_368_368" class="fnanchor">[368]</a>. It was at the same +time enacted, that from the 24th of June, +1711, all <em>horses</em> to be used with an Hackney +Coach shall be fourteen hands high, according +to the standard; and further, that every +<em>Coach</em> and <em>Chair</em> shall have a mark of distinction, +"by <em>figure</em> or otherwise," as the +Commissioners shall think fit; and "the said +<em>mark</em> shall be placed on each side of every +such Coach and Chair respectively, in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[298]</a></span> +most convenient place to be taken notice of, +to the end that they may be known if any +complaints shall be made of them<a name="FNanchor_369_369" id="FNanchor_369_369"></a><a href="#Footnote_369_369" class="fnanchor">[369]</a>."</p> + +<p>This was all that could then be done respecting +the <em>Coaches</em>, forasmuch as the old +term of twenty-one years, granted in the fifth +year of William and Mary, 1694, was subsisting, +whereby seven hundred Coaches were +allowed, and for which privilege the Owners +had paid fifty pounds each, on whom Government +shewed some tenderness. With regard, +however, to regulation, &c. there was, +no doubt, room sufficient for the exercise of +the powers given to the Commissioners. +There was, likewise, another object involved +in this Statute; <em>viz.</em> the <em>Chairs</em>, which were +not comprehended in the same agreement +and contract with the Coaches, but were +open immediately to new laws. Therefore +under the same commissions was placed the +management and licensing of the Hackney +Chairs, to commence from the 24th of June +in the following year, 1711, for the said term<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[299]</a></span> +of thirty-two years; which were thereby +limited to the number of <em>two hundred</em>, each +paying for such licence the annual sum of +ten shillings<a name="FNanchor_370_370" id="FNanchor_370_370"></a><a href="#Footnote_370_370" class="fnanchor">[370]</a>. As the number of both +Coaches and Chairs was enlarged, whereby +many new persons would come forward, perhaps +to the ousting of the old Coach-Masters +and Chair-Masters, it is required by this Act +that the Commissioners shall give a preference +to such of the Lessees, as I may call +them, whose terms had not then expired, +whether the right remained in themselves or +their widows, if they applied within a given +time<a name="FNanchor_371_371" id="FNanchor_371_371"></a><a href="#Footnote_371_371" class="fnanchor">[371]</a>.</p> + +<p>By this statute likewise the rates were +limited to time and distance, at ten shillings +by the Day.—One shilling and six pence for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[300]</a></span> +the first Hour, and one shilling for every succeeding +Hour.—One shilling for the distance +of a mile and a half.—One shilling and six +pence for any distance more than a mile and +a half, and not exceeding two miles; and so +on, in the proportion of six pence for every +succeeding half mile.</p> + +<p>The Chairs are likewise at the same time +rated at two-thirds of the distance prescribed +to the Coaches, so that they were allowed +to take one shilling for a mile, and six pence +for every succeeding half mile.</p> + +<p>Though the time of waiting is not specified +in the Act with regard to the Chairs, yet it follows, +by implication, to be intended the same +as the Coaches. These have been altered by a +very late Statute, 1785. It is well known that +it is left in the option of either Coachmen or +Chairmen, whether they will be paid by the +distance or the time, which is but a reasonable +privilege; but there is another circumstance, +not generally known, of which the +passengers are not perhaps aware, <em>viz</em>. that +if the room which a Coach will occupy in +turning about should exceed the distance<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[301]</a></span> +allowed, the Coachman is entitled to a larger +fare, that is, as much as if he had gone another +half mile. The doctrine is the same +respecting Chairs, and the room allowed is +eight yards in the case of a Coach, and four +yards in the case of a Chair. As the Statute +gives all competent allowances to the Coachmen +and Chairmen, so it was requisite, on the +other hand, to make the contract obligatory, +and that each of them should be compellable +to perform their parts; and therefore, to do +this, and at the same time to prevent extortion, +it became necessary to add a severe +penal clause, <em>viz.</em> "that if any Hackney-Coachman +or Chairman shall refuse to go +at, or shall exact more for his hire than, the +several rates hereby limited, he shall, for every +such offence, forfeit the sum of <em>forty shillings</em>." +These penalties were, by this Act, to +have gone in the proportion of <em>two</em>-thirds to +the Queen, and <em>one</em>-third to the Plaintiff. +[Since made half to the Crown and half to the +Complainant.] The Coachmen and Chairmen +are thereby likewise liable to be deprived of +their Licences for misbehaviour, or by giving<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[302]</a></span> +abusive language<a name="FNanchor_372_372" id="FNanchor_372_372"></a><a href="#Footnote_372_372" class="fnanchor">[372]</a>. On the other hand, that +the Coachmen and Chairmen might have a +remedy in case of refusal to pay them their +just fare, any Justice of the Peace is impowered, +upon complaint, to issue a warrant +to bring before him the Recusant, and to +award reasonable satisfaction to the party aggrieved, +or otherwise to bind him over to the +next Quarter-Session, where the Bench is empowered +to levy the said satisfaction by distress. +The Act proceeds to other matters +touching the Commissioners themselves, &c.; +and then states, that whereas by a Statute of +the 29th of Charles II. the use of all Hackney +Coaches and Chairs had been prohibited on +Sundays, it gives full power both to stand +and to ply as on other days.<a name="FNanchor_373_373" id="FNanchor_373_373"></a><a href="#Footnote_373_373" class="fnanchor">[373]</a></p> + +<p>This is the substance of the Act before us; +but it may here be observed, that in the 10th +year of the Queen, 1711, <em>one hundred more +Chairs</em> were added by Statute, subject to the +same regulations as the rest, being found not<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[303]</a></span> +only convenient but necessary; as the number +of Coaches, consistently with Public +Faith, could not be enlarged till the year +1715, when the old term of twenty-one years +should have expired.</p> + +<p>Before all the provisions in the Act of the +year 1710, referred to the future period of +1715, could take place, a demise of the +Crown intervened, A. D. 1714, by which all +such clauses, which extended to a future time, +were of course become a nullity.</p> + +<p>By Act 12 George I. chap. 12, the number +of Chairs was raised to 400, on account of the +increase of Buildings Westward.<a name="FNanchor_374_374" id="FNanchor_374_374"></a><a href="#Footnote_374_374" class="fnanchor">[374]</a></p> + + +<p class="center">* * * * * * * *</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[304]</a></span></p> + +<h3><span class="smcap">The Hammer Cloth.</span></h3> + +<p>To shew how trifling, though necessary +conveniences, arise to great and expensive +luxuries, let us remark the original insignificant +appendage of what we call the Hammer +Cloth. It was requisite that the Coachman +should have a few implements in case +of accidents, or a sudden and little repair was +wanting to the Coach; for which purpose he +carried a hammer with a few pins, nails, &c. +with him, and placed them under his seat, +made hollow to hold them, and which from +thence was called the Coach Box; and, in a +little time, in order to conceal this unsightly +appearance, a cloth was thrown over the box +and its contents, of which a hammer was the +chief, and thence took the name of the Hammer-Cloth. +This is my idea of the etymon +of these two common terms. And here +again it can but be observed that this little +appendage is now become the most striking +and conspicuous ornament of the equipage.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[305]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2><span class="oldenglish">Articles of Dress</span>.</h2> + + +<h3>GLOVES.</h3> + +<p>About the year 790, Charlemagne granted +an unlimited right of hunting to the Abbot +and Monks of Sithin, for making their +<em>Gloves</em> and Girdles of the Skins of the Deer +they killed, and Covers for their Books. +[Mabillon de Re Diplom. p. 611. Grose.]</p> + +<p>Anciently richly adorned and decorated +with precious Stones,—as in the Rolls of +Parliament, anno 53 Hen. III. A. D. 1267. +"Et de 2 Paribus <em>Chirothecarum</em> cum lapidibus." +[Warton's History of Poetry, vol. I. +p. 182, note. Grose.]</p> + +<p>Edward Vere, Earl of Oxford, according +to Mr. Walpole's account, on the authority +of Stowe,—"having travelled into Italy, is +recorded to have been the first that brought +into England <em>embroidered</em> <span class="smcap">Gloves</span> and Perfumes; +and presenting the Queen [Elizabeth] +with a Pair of the former, she was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[306]</a></span> +so pleased with them, as to be drawn with +them in one of her Portraits." [Royal and +Noble Authors, vol. i. p. 159. Note to +Winter's Tale, edit. Johnson and Steevens, +1778, p. 388.]</p> + +<p class="center"> +"Give <em>Gloves</em> to the Reapers, a Largesse to cry." +</p> + +<p class="sig"> +[Tusser, <em>v.</em> Hist. of Hawsted. 190.] +</p> + +<p>The Monastery of Bury allowed its Servants +two pence apiece for <em>Glove-Silver</em> in +Autumn. [Hist. of Hawsted. 190.]</p> + +<p>The rural Bridegroom, in Laneham's (or +Langham's) Account of the Entertainment +of Queen Elizabeth at Kenelworth Castle, +1575, had—a Payr of <em>Harvest Gloves</em> on his +Hands, as a sign of good Husbandry. Id. +in eod.</p> + +<p>When Sir Thomas Pope, the Founder of +Trinity College, Oxford, visited it, 1556, +"The Bursars offered him a present of embroidered +<em>Gloves</em>." [Warton's Life of Sir +Thomas Pope, p. 119.]</p> + +<p>When Sir Thomas Pope had founded the +College, the University complimented him +with a Letter of Thanks, which was accompanied<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[307]</a></span> +with a Present of <em>rich Gloves</em>, 1556. +[Warton's Life, p. 132, note.] The Gloves +were sent both to himself and Lady, and cost +6<em>s.</em> 8<em>d.</em> [Id. in eod.]</p> + +<p>After the death of Sir Thomas Pope, his +Widow married Sir Hugh Powlett; on which +occasion the College presented her, as the +Wife of the Founder, with a Pair of very rich +Gloves, the charge for which runs—Pro <em>Pari +Chirothecarum</em> dat. Dom. Powlett et Domine +Fundatrici, xvi s. Idem, p. 185. See also +p. 191, ubi sæpe; and p. 411. "Pro Chirothecis +Magistri Pope, xxxii s.</p> + +<p>An article charged in the Bursar's books of +Trinity College, Oxford, is "pro fumigatis +<em>Chirothecis</em>." [Warton.] These were often +given to College-Tenants, and Guests of +Distinction; but this fell into disuse soon +after the Reign of Charles I. Idem. +[Grose.]</p> + +<p>George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, received +a <i>Glove</i> from Queen Elizabeth. The +Queen had dropped it, when he taking it up +to return to her, she presented it to him as a +mark of her esteem. He adorned it with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[308]</a></span> +Jewels, and wore it in the front of his Hat +on days of Tournaments. It is expressed in a +print of him by Robert White. [Bray's +Tour, p. 319.]</p> + +<p>See for Gloves worn in Hats, Old Plays, +vol. ii. p. 132, second edition: King Lear, +act iii. sc. 4. edit, 1778 by Johnson and +Steevens.</p> + +<p>N. B. Such Tokens as these were called +<em>Favours</em><a name="FNanchor_375_375" id="FNanchor_375_375"></a><a href="#Footnote_375_375" class="fnanchor">[375]</a>, from whence we derive the term +for Ribbons given on Weddings. I presume +they are supposed to be given by the hand of +the Bride.</p> + +<p>Dr. Glisson, in his last visit to Queen +Elizabeth, received from her a Pair of rich +Spanish leather <em>Gloves</em>, embossed on the +backs and tops with gold embroidery, and +fringed round with gold plate. The Queen, +as he tells us, pulled them from her own +Royal Hands, saying, "Here, Glisson, wear +them for my sake." Life of Corinna (or +Mrs. Eliz. Thomas), p. xxxi.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[309]</a></span></p> + +<p>Perfumed Gloves<a name="FNanchor_376_376" id="FNanchor_376_376"></a><a href="#Footnote_376_376" class="fnanchor">[376]</a>; v. supra.</p> + +<p class="center"> +"These Gloves the Count sent me; they are an excellent <em>Perfume</em>." +</p> + +<p class="sig"> +Much Ado about Nothing, act ii. sc. 4. +</p> + +<p>Gloves given at Weddings. Old Plays, +vol. v. p. 8.</p> + +<p>A Glove hung up in a Church, as a +public Challenge. Gilpin's Life of Bernard +Gilpin, by Mr. Gilpin, p. 179.</p> + +<p>Swearing by Gloves, in jocular conversation, +very common. "Aye, by these Gloves!" +is an expression I have somewhere seen.</p> + +<p>Ladies' Sleeves, as well as Gloves, were +worn as tokens of Gallantry. Vide Troil. +and Cress, act. v. sc. 2. edit. Johnson and +Steevens, 1778.</p> + +<p>Gifts that admitted of it (especially to +Women from Men) were usually worn on +the Sleeve.</p> + +<p class="center"> +"I knew her by this Jewel on her <em>Sleeve</em>." +</p> + +<p class="sig"> +Love's Labour Lost, act v. sc. 1. +</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[310]</a></span></p> + +<p>Fairings, and such Tokens, were of this +sort. Hence the Question and Answer.</p> + +<blockquote> + +<p class="noind">Q. What have you brought me? (from the Fair, &c.)<br /> +A. A <em>new nothing</em>, to pin on your <em>Sleeve</em>.</p></blockquote> + +<p>Hence also to <em>pin</em> one's <em>Faith</em> upon another's +<em>Sleeve</em>.</p> + +<p class="center"> +"Wear my Heart upon my Sleeve." +</p> + +<p class="sig"> +Othello, act i. sc. 1. +</p> + +<hr class="tb" /> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">F. Grose</span>, Esq. to <span class="smcap">S. Pegge</span>, F. S. A.</p> + +<blockquote> + +<p class="sig"> +September 4, 1784.</p> + +<p>Dear Sir, +</p> + +<p>I have had such a variety of interruptions +(agreeable ones), that I have made no hand +of your <em>Gloves:</em> all that has occurred on that +subject, I here send you.</p> + +<p>Blood, who attempted to steal the Crown, +presented Mr. Edwards, Keeper of the Jewel +Office, with <em>four</em> Pair of White Gloves, as +from his Wife, in gratitude for his civility +to her in a pretended qualm or sickness. +The whole transaction is in Maitland's History +of London.</p> + +<p>To give one's Glove was considered as a +challenge. See Shakspeare, in Hen. V. It<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[311]</a></span> +is still considered in that light by the Highlanders, +of which I once saw an instance in +Flanders. Dropping the Gauntlet, at the +Coronation, is a kind of challenge.</p> + +<p>When the Judge invites the Justices to +dine with him at a County Assize, a Glove +is handed about by the Crier or Clerk of the +Court, who delivers the invitation; into this +Glove every one invited puts a shilling.</p> + +<p>A Bribe is called a Pair of Gloves.</p> + +<p>In a Play, I think called the Twin Rivals, +an Alderman presents his Glove, filled with +Broad Pieces, to a Nobleman, as a Bribe to +procure a Commission for his Son.</p> + +<p>Item, for three dozen Leder Gloves, 12s. +Vide Account of Henry VII. in Remembrancer's +Office.</p> + +<p>I set off next week for Christchurch, where +I propose staying a month, or six weeks at +farthest. My best wishes attend you and +yours.</p> + +<p> +Adieu!</p> + + +<p class="sig"><span class="smcap">F. Grose.</span> +</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312">[312]</a></span></p> + +<h3>ERMINE</h3> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Gentlewomen's Apparel.</span></h4> + +<p>What we call <em>Ermine</em> is an erroneous conception, +for we give the name to White Fur +tufted with Black, whereas it is the Black +only that is properly Ermine, of which numberless +instances may be produced, and this +is one.</p> + +<p><em>Powderings on her Bonnet.</em>—This may +require an explanation to those who are unacquainted +with the language of that age. +What we call Ermine, is a compound, which +will bear a little analysis, for it is formed of +the Fur of one animal, and the tip of the Tail +of another. The White Ground is, properly +speaking, <em>Minever</em>, so called from a +Russian animal of that name. [v. Philips's +Dictionary, in voce.] The Ermine is the +Armenian Mouse, the tip of whose Tail is +Black, which being placed as a falling tuft +upon the Minever, forms what we collectively +call Ermine, the value of which is enhanced<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[313]</a></span> +the more, as one animal can afford +but one tuft. [v. Bailey's Dict, in voce.] +Every one of these tufts is termed a <em>Powdering</em>.</p> + +<p>The Heralds make a distinction between +the singular <em>Ermine</em>, and the Plural, <em>Ermines</em>; +the latter, in their language, importing +Black powdered with White: and +they go into still more minute modifications, +<em>Erminois</em>, &c.</p> + + +<h4><span class="smcap">Apparel for the Heads of +Gentlewomen.</span></h4> + +<p>First, none shall wear an Ermine, or Lettice-Bonnet, +unless she be a Gentlewoman +born, having Arms.</p> + +<p>Item, a <em>Gentleman</em>'s Wife, she being a +Gentlewoman born, shall wear an Ermine or +Lettice Bonnet, having <em>one</em> Powdering in +the Top. And if she be of honourable stock, +to have <em>two</em> Powderings, one before another, +in the Top.</p> + +<p>Item, an <em>Esquire</em>'s Wife to have <em>two</em> +Powderings.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[314]</a></span></p> + +<p>Item, an <em>Esquire</em>'s Wife <em>for the Body</em> to +wear <em>five</em> Powderings; and if she be of great +Blood, <em>two</em> before, which maketh seven.</p> + +<p>Item, a <em>Knight</em>'s Wife to wear on her +Bonnet, <em>seven</em> Powderings, or <em>eight</em> at the +most, because of higher Blood, as before.</p> + +<p>Item, a <em>Banneret</em>'s Wife to wear <em>ten</em> Powderings.</p> + +<p>Item, a <em>Baron</em>'s Wife <em>thirteen</em>.</p> + +<p>Item, a <em>Viscount</em>'s [Wife] to wear <em>eighteen</em>.</p> + +<p>Item, a <em>Countess</em> to wear <em>twenty-four</em>. +And above that Estate the number convenient, +at their pleasures.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +Ex Bibl. Harl. No. 1776. fol. 31. b. +</p> + + +<h3>MOURNING.</h3> + +<p>The French Queens, before the Reign of +Charles VIII. wore <em>White</em> upon the death +of the King; and were called "<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Reines +Blanches</i>." It was changed to <em>Black</em> on the +death of Charles VIII. 1498. [See P. Dan. +Hist. iv. 590.]</p> + +<p>In a Wardrobe account for half a year, to +Lady-day 1684 (a MS. purchased by Mr. +Brander at the sale of the Library of Geo.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_315" id="Page_315">[315]</a></span> +Scot, Esq. of Woolston-Hall, 1781), are the +following entries for the King's Mourning.</p> + +<p>"A Grey Coat lined with Murrey and +White flowered Silk, with Gold Loops, and +four Crape Hat-bands."</p> + +<p>Again, "A Sad-coloured Silk Coat, lined +with Gold-striped Lutestring, with Silver-and-Silk +Buttons; and a Purple Crape Hatband."</p> + +<p>Again, "A Purple Coat."</p> + +<p>The Emperor Leopold, who died 1705, +never shaved his Beard during the time of +Mourning, which often lasted for a long +time. [Bancks's Hist. of Austria, p. 277.]</p> + +<p>The Empress-Dowagers never lay aside +their Mourning, and even their Apartments +are hung with Black till their deaths. +[Bancks's Hist. of Austria, p. 400. He says +this from Baron Polnitz's Memoirs, vol. iv. +p. 46.]</p> + +<p>The Bavarian Family never give a Black +Livery, or line their Coaches, in the deepest +Mourning. [Polnitz, i. letter 22.]</p> + +<p>The Pope's Nieces never wear Mourning, +not even for their nearest Relations; as the +Romans reckon it so great a happiness for a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[316]</a></span> +Family to have a Pope in it, that nothing +ought to afflict his Holiness's kindred. [Polnitz's +Memoirs, ii. letter 33.]</p> + +<p>Queen Anne, on the death of Prince +George of Denmark, wore Black and White, +with a mixture of Purple in some part of her +Dress. The precedent was taken from that +worn by Mary Queen of Scots for the Earl +of Darnley, which was exactly in point. +[Secret History of England, ii. 299.]</p> + +<p>King Charles I. put the Court into Mourning +for one Day on the death of the Earl of +Portland (Richard Weston), Lord High +Treasurer. [Stafford's Letters, i. 389.]</p> + + +<h3>BEARD, &c.<br /> + +CHARLES I.<a name="FNanchor_377_377" id="FNanchor_377_377"></a><a href="#Footnote_377_377" class="fnanchor">[377]</a>—WILLIAM I.</h3> + +<p>Mrs. Thomas's Great Grand-Father was +Mr. Richard <em>Shute</em>, a Turkey Merchant, one +of the Members for the City of London, and +much favoured by King Charles I. who gave<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[317]</a></span> +him the Name of <em>Sattin</em>-Shute, by way of +distinction from another Branch of the same +Name and Family, and from his usually +wearing a <em>Sattin</em> Doublet cut upon White +Taffata.</p> + +<p>"Without doubt," says Mrs. Thomas (for +she was her own Biographer), "he was very +nice in the mode of that Age, his Valet being +some hours every morning in <em>starching</em> his +<em>Beard</em>, and <em>curling</em> his <em>Whiskers</em>; but," continues +she, "during that time a Gentleman, +whom he maintained as a Companion, always +read to him on some useful subject." He lived +in Leaden-Hall Street, the site on which stands +the India House, and had a Country-seat at +Berking, in Essex. Here he had a very +fine Bowling-green, as he delighted much in +that exercise. The King, who was fond of +the diversion, once told Mr. Shute, he would +dine with him some day, and try his skill on +his Bowling-green. The King went, and +was so pleased with the place, it being very +retired, and likewise with Mr. Shute's skill +in Bowling (he being accounted one of the +best Bowlers of his time), that he frequently<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[318]</a></span> +visited afterwards Berking-Hall, without any +Guards, and with three or four select Gentlemen, +his attendants, when, as the King expressed +it, he had a mind to <em>drop State, and +enjoy himself as a private man</em>:—"<em>Ah, +Shute</em>," said he one day, with a deep sigh, +"how much happier than I art thou, in this +blessed retirement, free from the cares of a +Crown, a factious Ministry, and rebellious +Subjects!" They generally played high, +and punctually paid their losings; and +though Mr. Shute often won, yet the King +would, one day, set higher than usual, and, +having lost several games, gave over; when +Mr. Shute said,—"An please your Majesty, +<em>One thousand pounds rubber more, perhaps +Luck may turn</em>:"—"<em>No, Shute</em>," replied the +King, laying his hand gently on his shoulder, +"<em>Thou hast won the day, and much good may +it do thee, but I must remember I have a +Wife and Children</em>." P. xxi.</p> + +<p>This place was afterwards dismantled by +Mr. Shute's heir, and in a few years became +a ploughed field. The King gave Mr. Shute +several places; among which were the Deputy<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[319]</a></span> +Lieutenancy of the Ordnance, and the Mastership +of St. Cross's Hospital, to the amount +of four thousand pounds <em>per annum</em>. P. xxv.</p> + +<p>These he gave up when the Civil War +broke out; and retired to Hamburgh, where +he died a few years after the death of the +King. P. xxvii.</p> + +<p>William the Conqueror played <em>deep</em>; for, +tradition says, that Walter Fitzbourne, a +Norman Knight, and great Favourite of the +King, playing at Chess on a Summer's evening, +on the banks of the <em>Ouse</em>, with the +King, won all he played for. The King +threw down the Board, saying he had nothing +more to play for. "Sir," said Sir Walter, +"here is land." "There is so," replied the +King; "and if thou beatest me this Game +also, thine be all the Land on this side the +Bourne, or River, which thou canst see as +thou sittest." He had the good fortune to +<em>win</em>; and the King, clapping him on the +shoulder, said, "Henceforth thou shalt no +more be called <em>Fitzbourne</em>, but <em>Ousebourne</em>."' +Hence it is supposed came the name of <em>Osborne</em>. +Life of Corinna, p. xxviii.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[320]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2><span class="oldenglish">Westminstr</span>.</h2> + + +<p>Lord Coke, in his 3d Inst. (cap. 51.) +speaking of the City of Westminster, says, +"It hath its name of 'the Monastery,' which +<em>Minster</em> signifieth, and it is called <em>West</em>minster, +in respect of <em>East</em>minster, not far +from the Tower of London. This Westminster, +Sebert, the first King of the East +Saxons that was christened, founded." It is +added in a note in the margin, Segbert began +his Reign A. D. 603.</p> + +<p>Lord Coke, however excellent a Lawyer, +I fear was but a bad Antiquary; for the reverse +rather seems to be the case, as it will +appear that <em>East</em>minster was so called in +respect of <em>West</em>minster. For in Stowe's +Survey of London (edit. 1633), p. 497, he +gives the following account of the Foundation +of the Church of Westminster:—"This +Monasterie was founded and builded in the +year 605, by Sebert, King of the East Saxons, +upon the perswasion of Ethelbert, King of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[321]</a></span> +Kent, who, having embraced Christianity, +and being baptized by Melitus, Bishop of +London, immediately (to shew himself a +Christian indede) built a Church to the honor +of God and St. Peter, on the West side of +the City of London, in a place, which (because +it was overgrown with thornes, and +environed with water) the Saxons called +'Thornez,' or 'Thorney;' ... whereupon, +partly from the situation to the <em>West</em>, and +partly from the Monasterie or <em>Minster</em>, it began +to take the name of <em>Westminster</em>:" and then +he goes on with the history of that Church.</p> + +<p>So far of Westminster. Of Eastminster +Stowe gives the following account, by which +it will appear that the foundation of Eastminster +was subsequent to that of Westminster, +by at least 700 years. "In the year +1348," says he, "the 23d of Edward the +Third, the first great Pestilence in his time +began, and increased so sore, that for want of +roome in Church-yards to bury the dead of +the City and of the Suburbs, one John Corey, +Clerke, procured of Nicholas, Prior of the +Holy Trinity within Ealdgate, one toft of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[322]</a></span> +ground neere unto East Smithfield, for the +buriall of them that dyed; with condition, +that it might be called the Church-yard of +the Holy Trinity: which ground he caused, +by the ayd of divers devout Citizens, to be +inclosed with a wall of stone; ... and the +same was dedicated by Ralfe Stratford, Bishop +of London, where innumerable bodies of the +dead, were afterwards buried, and a Chapel +built in the same place to the honour of +God; to the which King Edward setting his +eye (having before, in a tempest on the sea, +and peril of drowning, made a vow to build +a Monastery to the honour of God, and <em>our +Lady of Grace</em>, if God would give him +<em>grace</em> to come safe to land), builded there a +Monasterie, causing it to be named <em>Eastminster</em>, +placing an Abbot and Monks of the +Cistercian or White order." P. 117.</p> + +<p>In Stowe, p. 751, is a list of all the "Patrones +of all the Benefices in London," in +which this Foundation seems to be twice +mentioned, first as the "Abbey of White +Monks," and then as "Mary de Grace, an +Abbey of Monkes, by the Towre of London."</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[323]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>MEMORANDA<br /> + +<small>RELATIVE TO THE</small><br /> + +<span class="oldenglish">Society of the Temple</span>,<br /> + +<small>LONDON</small>;</h2> + +<p class="center"><em>Written in or about the Year 1760.</em></p> + + +<p>The Societies of the Temple have no +Charter; but the Fee was granted by a Patent +to the Professors and Students of the Law, to +them and their Successors for ever.</p> + +<p>The King is Visitor of the Temples; and +orders have been sent down from him so +lately as Charles the Second's time, for the +Regulation of them, which were brought in +great form by the Lord Chancellor and twelve +Judges, and signed by them.</p> + +<p>The <em>Discipline</em> of these Societies was formerly, +till within these eighty years, very +strict. The Students appeared, upon all occasions, +and in all places, in their proper +habits; and for neglecting to appear in such<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[324]</a></span> +habit, or for want of decency in it, they were +punished by being put two years backward +in their standing. This habit was discontinued, +because the Templars having been +guilty of riots in some parts of the town, +being known by their habits to be such, a +reproach was thereby reflected on the Society, +for want of discipline.</p> + +<p><em>Commons.</em>—Till there was a relaxation of +discipline, the Commons were continued in +the Vacation as well as in the Terms; and +the Members obliged to attend, upon severe +penalties for neglect of it. The Barristers, +though they were called to their degree, were +not admitted to practise, but by special leave +from the Judges, till three years after their +call, during which their attendance to Commons, +both in Term and Vacation, was not +to be compounded for, or dispensed with.</p> + +<p>The Law Societies were, at first, under +one general regulation and establishment, till +they branched out, and divided, as it were, +into Colonies. The Societies of each Temple +are very zealous in contending for the Antiquity +of their Society.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[325]</a></span></p> + +<p><em>The Society of the Middle Temple</em> must +now be very rich; and it consists in money, +they having no real estate. I have been assured, +that the certain yearly expences of it, +exclusive of repairs, amounts to a considerable +sum.</p> + +<p>The <em>Benchers</em> are generally in number +about twenty, though there is no fixed number. +They may be called to the Bench at +eighteen or twenty years standing. The +Bench have power to call whom they think +proper of such standing to the Bench; which +if they answer not, they pay a Fine of Fifty +Pounds.</p> + +<p>The Benchers eat at their own expence in +this Society, having nothing allowed but +their Commons; which few, I believe none, +of the Benchers of the other Houses do.</p> + +<p>The <em>Readings</em>, which generally were upon +some Statute, continued about eight days, +when there were Treats and Balls at the +Reader's expence; and there is an Order of +the House, of no very old date, by which the +Reader was restrained from having above +Eight Servants, which shews, in some measure,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[326]</a></span> +the luxury and expence attending them. +They have now been discontinued upwards of +seventy years (the last Reader being Sir +William Whitlocke, 1684); but there is a +Reader still appointed every year, and some +small Treat, at the expence of the Society, of +Venison, &c.; and the Arms of the Reader +are put up in a Pannel in the Hall.</p> + +<p>Mr. Bohun, the Writer of several excellent +Books in different branches of the Law, +having, when he was Reader at New Inn, +put up a question tending to Blasphemy, (I +think it was, whether the Person of our Saviour +was God,) was <em>excommoned</em> by the Society; +that is, he was denied the privilege of +coming into the Hall, and at the same time +obliged to pay for full Commons. They +judged expulsion too mild a punishment.</p> + +<p>The <em>Old Hall</em> stood on the South side of +Pump Court, which, upon building a new one, +was converted into Sets of Chambers; and +which, by Order of Queen Elizabeth, were not +to exceed eight in number. This was soon after +pulled down, and Chambers built in its stead.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[327]</a></span></p> + +<p><em>Library.</em>—Left by Will to the Society, by +Astley, a Bencher of it. It contains about +Nine Thousand Volumes. Besides this, he +left a Set of Chambers, value three hundred +pounds, for the maintenance of a Librarian, +who at first was a Barrister; but, not being +thought worth their acceptance, it is now in +the Butler.</p> + +<p><em>Present Hall.</em>—Built by Plowden, who +was seven years in perfecting it. He was +three years Treasurer successively; and after +he quitted the Treasurership, he still continued +the direction of the Building.</p> + +<p><em>The Temple Organ</em> was made by <em>Smith</em>. +The Societies, being resolved to have a good +Organ, employed one <em>Smith</em> and one <em>Harris</em> +to make each of them an Organ, value five +hundred pounds; and promised that they +would give seven hundred pounds for that +which proved the best. This was accordingly +done, and Smith's was preferred and +purchased. The other, made by Harris, was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[328]</a></span> +sold to Christ-Church in Dublin; but, being +afterwards exchanged for another made by +Byfield for four hundred pounds difference, +it was sold by Byfield to the Church at +Woolwich<a name="FNanchor_378_378" id="FNanchor_378_378"></a><a href="#Footnote_378_378" class="fnanchor">[378]</a>.</p> + +<p><em>Inns of Chancery</em>, like the Halls at Oxford.</p> + +<p><em>New-Inn</em> belongs to the Middle Temple; +and at the expiration of a long lease, the +Fee Simple will be vested in us.</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[329]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2><span class="oldenglish">Simnel</span>.</h2> + + +<p>"<em>Simnel.—Siminellus</em> from the Latin <em>Simila</em>, +which signifies the Finest Part of the +Flour. Panis similageneus, Simnel Bread. +It is mentioned in 'Assisa Panis;' and is still +in use, especially in Lent. Bread made into +a Simnel shall weigh two shillings less than +Wastell Bread." Stat. 51 Henry III.</p> + +<p>The Statute, intituled Assisa Panis et Cervisiæ, +made Anno 51 Hen. III. Stat. I.; +and Anno Dom. 1266. Cotton MS. Claudius, +D. 2.</p> + +<p>... Panis verò de siminello ponderabit +minus de Wastello de duobus solidis, quia +bis coctus est.</p> + +<p>For the Ordinance for the Assise and +Weight of Bread in the City of London, see +Stowe's Survey, p. 740, Edit. 1633.</p> + +<p>It was sometime called <em>Simnellus</em>, as in +the Annals of the Church of Winchester, +under the year 1042. "Rex Edwardus instituit, +et cartâ confirmavit, ut quoties ipse<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[330]</a></span> +vel aliquis Successorum suorum Regum +Angliæ diadema portaret Wintoniæ vel +Wigorniæ vel Westmonasterii; Præcentor +loci recipiet de fisco ipsâ die dimidiam +marcam, et conventus centum Sumnellos et +unun modium vini." But, indeed, the true +reading is <em>Siminel</em>.</p> + +<p>The English Simnel was the purest White +Bread, as in the Book of Battle Abbey. +"Panem Regiæ Mensæ aptam, qui <em>Simenel</em> +vulgò vocatur<a name="FNanchor_379_379" id="FNanchor_379_379"></a><a href="#Footnote_379_379" class="fnanchor">[379]</a>."</p> + +<p><em>Simula.</em>—A Manchet, a White Loaf. +Among the Customs of the Abbey of Glastonbury: +"In diebus solemnibus, cum Fratres +fuerunt in cappis, Medonem habuerunt +in Justis, et Simulas super mensam, et vinum +ad caritatem, et tria generalia." Chartular. +Abbat. Glaston. MS. fol. 10.</p> + +<p>For the use of Saffron, now used for colouring +the Crust of the Simnel, see Shakespear's +Winter's Tale; where the Clown +(Act iv.) says, "Then I must have Saffron +to colour the Warden Pyes."</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[331]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2><span class="oldenglish">Origin of Thirteen Pence Halfpenny</span>,<br /> + +<small>AS</small><br /> + +HANGMAN'S WAGES;</h2> + + +<p class="center"><em>In a Letter to</em> <span class="smcap">Edward King</span>, <em>Esq. +President of the Society of Antiquaries</em>.</p> + +<p>The vulgar notion, though it will not appear +to be a vulgar error, is, that Thirteen +Pence Halfpenny is the fee of the Executioner +in the common line of business at Tyburn<a name="FNanchor_380_380" id="FNanchor_380_380"></a><a href="#Footnote_380_380" class="fnanchor">[380]</a>, +and therefore is called Hangman's Wages. +The sum is singular, and certainly there is a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[332]</a></span> +reason for its having obtained so odious an +appellation, though it may not be very obvious.</p> + +<p>We find that anciently this Office was, in +some parts of the Kingdom, annexed to +other Posts; for the Porter of the City of +Canterbury was the Executioner for the +County of Kent, temporibus Hen. II. and +Hen. III. for which he had an allowance +from the Sheriff, who was re-imbursed from +the Exchequer, of Twenty Shillings <em>per annum</em><a name="FNanchor_381_381" id="FNanchor_381_381"></a><a href="#Footnote_381_381" class="fnanchor">[381]</a>.</p> + +<p>Though this is an Office in great and general +disesteem, yet the Sheriffs are much +obliged to those who will undertake it, as +otherwise the unpleasant and painful duty +must fall upon themselves. They are the +persons to whom the Law looks for its completion, +as they give a Receipt to the Gaoler +for the Bodies of condemned Criminals whom +they are to punish, or cause to be punished, +according to their respective Sentences. The +business is of such an invidious nature, that,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[333]</a></span> +in the Country, Sheriffs have sometimes had +much difficulty to procure an Executioner, +as, in the eyes of the lower people, it carries +with it a Stigma, apart from any shock that +it must give to Humanity and Compassion. +I remember a very few years ago, if the +News-papers said true, the Sheriff of one of +the Inland Counties was very near being +obliged to perform the unwelcome Office +himself.</p> + +<p>So that in fact the Hangman is the Sheriff's +immediate Deputy in criminal matters, +though there is always, at present, an Under-Sheriff +for civil purposes. But, before I bring +you to the point in question, it will not be +amiss to lead you gradually to it, by inquiring +into the nature and dignity of the +Office in some particulars, and into the Rank +of the Officer, for we have all heard of <em>Squire +Ketch</em>. These will be found to be supportable +matters, as well as the Fee of Office, +which is our ground-work.</p> + +<p>The Sheriff is, by being so styled in the +King's Patent under the Great Seal, an Esquire, +which raises him to that Rank, unless<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[334]</a></span> +he has previously had the Title adventitiously. +None were anciently chosen to this +Office, but such Gentlemen whose fortunes +and stations would warrant it; so, on the other +hand, Merchants, and other liberal branches +of the lower order, were admitted first into +the rank of Gentlemen, by a grant of Arms, +on proper qualifications; from the Earl +Marshal, and the Kings of Arms, respectively, +according to their Provinces. After a +Negotiant has become a Gentleman, courtesy +will very soon advance that rank, and give +the party the title of Esquire; and so it has +happened with the worthy <em>Gentleman</em> before +us, for such I shall prove him once with ceremony +to have been created. This remarkable +case happened in the year 1616, and was +as follows. Ralph Brooke, whose real name +was Brokesmouth, at that time York Herald, +not content with being mischievous, was the +most turbulent and malicious man that ever +wore the King's Coat. After various malversations +in Office, not to the present purpose, +he put a trick upon Sir William Segar, Garter +King of Arms, which had very nearly cost<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[335]</a></span> +both of them their places. The story is +touched upon in Mr. Anstis's Register of the +Order of the Garter<a name="FNanchor_382_382" id="FNanchor_382_382"></a><a href="#Footnote_382_382" class="fnanchor">[382]</a>; but is more fully and +satisfactorily related in the Life of Mr. Camden, +prefixed to his "Britannia," to this effect. +Ralph Brooke employed a person to carry a +Coat of Arms ready drawn to Garter, and to +pretend it belonged to one Gregory Brandon, +a Gentleman who had formerly lived in +London, but then residing in Spain, and to +desire Garter to set his hand to it. To prevent +deliberation, the messenger was instructed +to pretend that the vessel, which was +to carry this confirmation into Spain, when +it had received the Seal of the Office and +Garter's Hand, was just ready to sail<a name="FNanchor_383_383" id="FNanchor_383_383"></a><a href="#Footnote_383_383" class="fnanchor">[383]</a>. This +being done, and the Fees paid, Brooke carries +it to Thomas Earl of Arundel, then one +of the Commissioners for executing the Office +of Earl Marshal; and, in order to vilify Garter,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[336]</a></span> +and to represent him as a rapacious negligent +Officer, assures his Lordship that those were +the Arms of Arragon, with a Canton for +Brabant, and that Gregory Brandon was a +mean and inconsiderable person. This was +true enough; for he was the common Hangman +for London and Middlesex. Ralph +Brooke afterwards confessed all these circumstances +to the Commissioners who represented +the Earl Marshal; the consequence of +which was, that Garter was, by order of the +King, when he heard the case, committed to +Prison for negligence, and the Herald for +treachery. Be this as we find it, yet was +Gregory Brandon the Hangman become a +<em>Gentleman</em>, and, as the Bastard says in King +John, "could make any Joan a Gentlewoman."</p> + +<p>Thus was this Gregory Brandon advanced, +perhaps from the state of a Convict, to the +rank of a Gentleman; and though it was a +personal honour to himself, notwithstanding +it was surreptitiously obtained by the Herald, +of which <em>Gregory Brandon, Gentleman</em>, was +perhaps ignorant, yet did it operate so much<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[337]</a></span> +on his successors in office, that afterwards it +became transferred from the Family to the +Officer for the time being; and from Mr. +Brandon's popularity, though not of the most +desirable kind, the mobility soon improved +his rank, and, with a jocular complaisance, +gave him the title of <em>Esquire</em>, which remains +to this day. I have said that Mr. Brandon +was perhaps a Convict; for I know that at +York the Hangman has usually been a pardoned +Criminal, whose case was deemed venial, +and for which the performance of this painful +duty to fellow-prisoners was thought a sufficient +infliction. It seems too as if this Office +had once, like many other important Offices +of State, been hereditary; but whether Mr. +Brandon had it by descent I cannot say, yet +Shakspeare has this passage in Coriolanus<a name="FNanchor_384_384" id="FNanchor_384_384"></a><a href="#Footnote_384_384" class="fnanchor">[384]</a>:</p> + +<p>"<em>Menenius.</em>—Marcius, in a cheap estimation, +is worth all your Predecessors, since +Deucalion; though, peradventure, some of +the best of them were Hereditary Hangmen."</p> + +<p>This looks as if the Office of Executioner<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[338]</a></span> +had run in some Family for a generation or +two, at the time when Shakspeare wrote; +and that it was a circumstance well understood, +and would be well relished, at least by +the Galleries. This might indeed, with regard +to time, point at the ancestors of Mr. +Brandon himself; for it was in the Reign of +King James I. that this person was, as we +have seen, brought within the pale of Gentility. +Nay, more, we are told by Dr. Grey, +in his Notes on Shakspeare<a name="FNanchor_385_385" id="FNanchor_385_385"></a><a href="#Footnote_385_385" class="fnanchor">[385]</a>, that from this +Gentleman, the Hangmen, his Successors, +bore for a considerable time his Christian +name of Gregory, though not his Arms, they +being a personal honour, till a greater man +arose, <em>viz. Jack Ketch</em>, who entailed the +present official name on all who have hitherto +followed him<a name="FNanchor_386_386" id="FNanchor_386_386"></a><a href="#Footnote_386_386" class="fnanchor">[386]</a>.</p> + +<p>Whether the name of <em>Ketch</em> be not the +provincial pronunciation of <em>Catch</em> among the +Cockneys, I have my doubts, though I have<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[339]</a></span> +printed authority to confront me; for that +learned and laborious Compiler, B. E. Gent. +the Editor of the Canting Dictionary, says +that <em>Jack Kitch</em>, for so he spells it, was the +real name of a Hangman, which has become +that of all his successors. When this great +man lived, for such we must suppose him to +have been, and renowned for his popularity +or dexterity, Biographical History is silent.</p> + +<p>So much for this important Office itself; +and we must now look to the Emoluments +which appertain to it, and assign a reason +why Thirteen Pence Halfpenny should be esteemed +the standard Fee for this definitive +stroke of the law.</p> + +<p>Hogarth has given a fine Picture of the +<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">sang-froid</i> of an Executioner in his Print of +the London Apprentice; where the Mr. Ketch +for the time being is lolling upon the Gallows, +and smoaking his Pipe; waiting, with the +utmost indifference, for the arrival of the +Cart and the Mob that close the melancholy +Procession. But Use becomes Nature in things +at which even Nature herself revolts.</p> + +<p>Before we proceed to matters of a pecuniary<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[340]</a></span> +nature, having said so much upon the <em>Executioner</em>, +permit me to step out of the way for +a moment, and add a word or two on the +<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Executioné</i>, which will explain a Yorkshire +saying. It was for the most unsuspected +crime imaginable, that the truly unfortunate +man who gave rise to the adage suffered the +Sentence of the Law at York. He was a +Saddler at Bawtry, and occasioned this saying, +often applied among the lower people to +a man who quits his friends too early, and +will not stay to finish his bottle; "That he +will be hanged for leaving his liquor, like the +Saddler of Bawtry." The case was this: +There was formerly, and indeed it has not +long been suppressed, an Ale-house, to this +day called "<em>The Gallows House</em>," situate +between the City of York and their Tyburne; +at which House the Cart used always to stop; +and there the Convict and the other parties +were refreshed with liquors; but the rash +and precipitate Saddler, under Sentence, and +on his road to the fatal Tree, refused this +little regale, and hastened on to the Place of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[341]</a></span> +Execution—when, very soon after he was +turned-off, a Reprieve arrived; insomuch that, +had he stopped, as was usual, at the Gallows +House, the time consumed there would have +been the means of saving his life; so that he +was hanged, as truly as unhappily, for leaving +his liquor.</p> + +<p>The same compliment was anciently paid +to Convicts, on their passage to Tyburne, at +St. Giles's Hospital; for we are told by +Stowe<a name="FNanchor_387_387" id="FNanchor_387_387"></a><a href="#Footnote_387_387" class="fnanchor">[387]</a>, that they were there presented with +a Bowl of Ale, called "<em>St. Giles's Bowl</em>;" +"thereof to drink at their pleasure, as their last +refreshing in this life." This place (Tyburne) +was the established scene of Executions in +common cases so long ago as the first year of +King Henry IV; Smithfield and St. Giles's +Field being reserved for persons of higher +rank, and for crimes of uncommon magnitude; +such as treason and heresy: in the last of these, +Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham, was burnt, +or rather roasted, alive; having been hanged<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_342" id="Page_342">[342]</a></span> +up over the fire by a chain which went round +his waist<a name="FNanchor_388_388" id="FNanchor_388_388"></a><a href="#Footnote_388_388" class="fnanchor">[388]</a>.</p> + +<p>The Execution of the Duke of Monmouth +(in July 1685) was peculiarly unsuccessful +in the operation.</p> + +<p>The Duke said to the Executioner, "Here +are Six Guineas for you: pray do your business +well; do not serve me as you did my +Lord Russell: I have heard you struck him +three or four times. Here" (to his Servant); +"take these remaining Guineas, and give +them to him if he does his work well."</p> + +<p><em>Executioner.</em>—"I hope I shall."</p> + +<p><em>Monmouth.</em>—"If you strike me twice, I +cannot promise you not to stir. Pr'ythee +let me feel the Axe." He felt the edge, and +said, "I fear it is not sharp enough."</p> + +<p><em>Executioner.</em>—"It is sharp enough, and +heavy enough."</p> + +<p>The Executioner proceeded to do his office;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_343" id="Page_343">[343]</a></span> +but the Note says, "it was under such distraction +of mind, that he fell into the very +error which the Duke had so earnestly cautioned +him to avoid; wounding him so slightly, +that he lifted up his head, and looked him in +the face, as if to upbraid him for making his +death painful; but said nothing. He then +prostrated himself again, and received two +other ineffectual blows; upon which the Executioner +threw down his Axe in a fit of horror; +crying out, "<em>he could not finish his work</em>." +but, on being brought to himself by the threats +of the Sheriffs, took up the fatal weapon again, +and at two other strokes made a shift to separate +the Head from the Body." [Lord Somers's +Tracts, vol. I. pp. 219, 220; the Note taken +from the Review of the Reigns of Charles +and James, p. 885.]</p> + +<p>As to the Fee itself, which has occasioned +me to give you so much trouble, I incline to +think this seeming singular sum must have +been of Scottish extraction, though not used +for the like purpose; for, I presume, from +the value of money there, a man might formerly +be hanged at a much cheaper rate, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_344" id="Page_344">[344]</a></span> +that we have it by transplantation. The +Scottish Mark (not ideal or nominal money, +like our Mark) was a Silver Coin, in value +Thirteen Pence Halfpenny and Two Placks, +or Two-Thirds of a Penny; which Plack is +likewise a Coin. This, their Mark, bears the +same proportion to their Pound, which is +Twenty Pence, as our Mark does to our +Pound, or Twenty Shillings; being Two-Thirds +of it. By these divisions and sub-divisions +of their Penny (for they have a still +smaller piece, called a Bodel or Half a Plack) +they can reckon with the greatest minuteness, +and buy much less quantities of any article +than we can<a name="FNanchor_389_389" id="FNanchor_389_389"></a><a href="#Footnote_389_389" class="fnanchor">[389]</a>. This Scottish Mark was, +upon the Union of the two Crowns in the +person of King James I. made current in +England at the value of Thirteen Pence Half-penny +(without regarding the fraction), by +Proclamation, in the first year of that King; +where it is said, that "the Coin of Silver, +called the Mark Piece, shall be from henceforth +currant within the said Kingdom of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[345]</a></span> +England, at the value of Thirteen Pence +Halfpeny<a name="FNanchor_390_390" id="FNanchor_390_390"></a><a href="#Footnote_390_390" class="fnanchor">[390]</a>." This, probably, was a revolution +in the current money in favour of the +Officer of whom we have been speaking, whose +Fee before was perhaps no more than a Shilling. +There is, however, very good reason +to conclude, from the singularity of the sum, +that the odious title of <em>Hangman's Wages</em> +became at this time, or soon after, applicable +to the sum of <em>Thirteen Pence Halfpenny</em>. +Though it was contingent, yet at that time it +was very considerable pay; when one Shilling +<em>per diem</em> was a standing annual stipend to +many respectable Officers of various kinds.</p> + +<p>After having discovered the pay of an +Office, one naturally inquires for Perquisites +and other Emoluments; for all posts, from +the High Chancellor to the Hangman, carry +some; and which, in many cases, as well as +this, often exceed the established pay itself. +Nothing can well vary more than the Perquisites +of this Office; for it is well known<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[346]</a></span> +that Jack Ketch has a <em>Post-obit</em> interest in +the Convict, being entitled to his Cloaths, or +to a composition for them; though, on the +other hand, they must very frequently be +such Garments that, as Shakspeare says, +"a Hangman would bury with those who +wore them<a name="FNanchor_391_391" id="FNanchor_391_391"></a><a href="#Footnote_391_391" class="fnanchor">[391]</a>."</p> + +<p>This emolument is of no modern date; and +has an affinity to other Droits on very dissimilar +occasions, which will be mentioned +presently. The Executioner's perquisite is +at least as old as Henry VIII.; for Sir +Thomas More, on the morning of his Execution, +put on his best Gown, which was of +Silk Camlet, sent him as a present, while he +was in the Tower, by a Citizen of Lucca +with whom he had been in correspondence; +but the Lieutenant of the Tower was of opinion +that a worse Gown would be good +enough for the person who was to have it, +meaning the Executioner, and prevailed upon +Sir Thomas to change it, which he did for +one made of frize<a name="FNanchor_392_392" id="FNanchor_392_392"></a><a href="#Footnote_392_392" class="fnanchor">[392]</a>. Thus the antiquity of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[347]</a></span> +this obitual emolument, so well known in +Shakspeare's time, seems well established; +and, as to its nature, has a strong resemblance +to a fee of a much longer standing, +and formerly received by Officers of very +great respectability: for anciently Garter +King of Arms had specifically the Gown of +the Party on the creation of a Peer; and +again, when Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, +and Priors, did homage to the King, their +upper garment was the perquisite even of the +Lord Chamberlain of the Household. The +fee in the latter case was always compounded +for, though Garter's was often formerly received +in kind, inasmuch as the Statute which +gives this fee to the Lord Chamberlain, directs +the composition, because, as the words +are, "it is more convenient that religious +men should fine for their upper garment, than +to be stripped<a name="FNanchor_393_393" id="FNanchor_393_393"></a><a href="#Footnote_393_393" class="fnanchor">[393]</a>." The same delicate necessity +does not operate in the Hangman's +case; and his fee extends much farther than +either of them, he being entitled to <em>all</em> the +sufferer's garments, having first rendered<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[348]</a></span> +them useless to the party. Besides this perquisite, +there has always been a pecuniary +compliment, where it could possibly be afforded, +given by the Sufferer to the Executioner, +to induce him to be speedy and dexterous +in the operation, which seems to be +of still greater antiquity; for Sir Thomas +More tells us that St. Cyprian, Bishop of +Carthage, gave his Executioner thirty pieces +of gold; and Sir Thomas himself gave (according +to his Historian, his Great Grandson), +on the like occasion, an angel of gold, +being almost the last penny he had left. +These outward gifts may likewise be understood +as tokens of inward forgiveness.</p> + +<p>Upon the whole, Sir, I conceive that +what I have offered above, though with +much enlargement, is the meaning of the +ignominious term affixed to the sum of Thirteen +Pence Halfpenny; and cannot but commiserate +those for whom it is to be paid.</p> + +<p> +I am, Sir,</p> + +<p class="sig">Your faithful humble Servant,<br /> +SAMUEL PEGGE. +</p> + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[349]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h2>CUSTOM<br /> + +<small>OBSERVED BY THE</small><br /> + +LORD LIEUTENANTS OF IRELAND.</h2> + + +<p>On the great road from London to West +Chester, we find, at the principal Inns, the +Coats of Arms of several Lord Lieutenants of +Ireland, framed, and hung up in the best +rooms. At the bottom of these Armorial +Pictures (as I may call them) is a full display +of all the Titles of the Party, together +with the date of the year when each Viceroyship +commenced. I have often inquired +the reason of this custom, but never could +procure a satisfactory answer. I do not reprobate +the idea of this relique of ancient +dignity, as these Heraldic Monuments were +doubtless intended to operate as public evidences +of the passage of each Lord-Deputy +to his delegated Government. They now<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[350]</a></span> +seem only to be preserved for the gratification +of the vanity of the capital Inn-keepers, by +shewing to Humble Travellers that such and +such Lord-Lieutenants did them the honour +to stop at their houses; and yet I will not +say, but that for half-a-crown handsomely +offered to his Excellency's Gentleman, they +might likewise become part of the furniture +of every alehouse in Dunstable.</p> + +<p>After fruitless inquiry, accident furnished +me with the ground of this custom, which +now only serves to excite a little transitory +curiosity. Having occasion to look into +Sir Dudley Digge's "Complete Ambassador," +published in 1654, I was obliged to +the Editor for a solution, who, in the Preface +(signed A. H.), speaking of the reserve +of the English Ambassadors, in not making +public their Negotiations, has this observation:—"We +have hardly any notion of them +but by their <em>Arms</em>, which are hung up in +<em>Inns</em> where they passed."</p> + +<p>This paragraph at once accounts for the +point before us, and is sufficient, at the same +time, to shew that the custom was anciently,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[351]</a></span> +and even in the seventeenth century, common +to every Ambassador, though it now +only survives with those who go in the +greater and more elevated line of Royal representation +to Ireland.</p> + +<p class="sig"> +SAMUEL PEGGE. +</p> + +<p class="center">THE END.</p> + + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<p class="center"> +<small><em>Of the Publishers of this Work may be had</em></small><br /> +<br /> +ANONYMIANA;<br /> +OR,<br /> +TEN CENTURIES OF OBSERVATIONS<br /> +ON VARIOUS AUTHORS AND SUBJECTS;<br /> +<br /> +(Compiled by the late very Learned and Reverend<br /> +<span class="smcap">Dr.</span> PEGGE);<br /> +<br /> +<em>With a copious Index.——8vo. Price 12s.</em></p> + +<p> +"Whether as an Antiquary, a classical, poetical, and historical +Critick, a Biographer, or Enquirer into the Beauties and +Niceties of Grammar and Languages, we find everywhere that +Dr. Pegge's remarks are not only striking and useful, but +original; and, in this last respect, we have little hesitation in +preferring the <em>Anonymiana</em> to the greater part of the Works +of this description, which have been lately published, either at +home or abroad. There is scarcely a taste among the various +divisions of human liking, that will not find something appropriate +and gratifying. It would be impossible to withhold, in +these times of levity, just praise from a Work that so ably combines +'light reading' with 'serious thinking.'"</p> + +<p class="sig"> +<cite>Gent. Mag. 1809.</cite></p> + + +<p class="center">————<br /> +ANECDOTES<br /> +OF THE<br /> +ENGLISH LANGUAGE,</p> + +<p class="noind"> +chiefly regarding the Local Dialect of London and it's Environs; +whence it will appear, that the Natives of the Metropolis, and +its Vicinities, have not corrupted the Language of their Ancestors.</p> + + +<p class="center">By SAMUEL PEGGE, Esq. F.S.A.<br /> +Second Edition, enlarged and corrected.<br /> +<br /> +To which is added, A SUPPLEMENT to the PROVINCIAL<br /> +GLOSSARY of FRANCIS GROSE, Esq.<br /> +<br /> +8vo. Price 12s. boards.<br /> +<br /> +⁂ The Provincial Glossary may be had separate, Price 3s.<br /> +<br /> +Printed at the VOTES Printing Office, King Street, Westminster,<br /> +<em>By Nichols, Son, and Bentley</em>.<br /> +</p> + + +<hr class="chap" /> +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> See the Extract in page vi.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> In Church-street, at Ashborne, is an Alms-house, originally +founded by Christopher Pegge, Esq. The name occurs +also on the table of Benefactors in Ashborne Church.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Docquet-book in the Crown-office.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> See Sandford, p. 647, edit. 1707. Granger erroneously +calls him <em>Carlo</em>; and also, by mistake, gives him the name of +<em>Fitz-roy</em>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> See Mr. Lysons's Environs of London, vol. I. p. 537.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> Dart's History of Westminster Abbey, vol. II. p. 55.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> There is a half-length portrait of the Earl, in a robe de +chambre, laced cravat, and flowing hair (with a ship in the +back ground of the picture), by Sir Peter Lely, now in the +family: and also two of his Mother, Lady Greene; one a half-length, +with her infant Son standing by her side; the other, +a three-quarters; both either by Sir Peter Lely, or by one of +his pupils.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> Dr. Burton was President (<em>i. e.</em> Vice-master of the College) +when Mr. Pegge's Son was admitted of it, 1751; but +soon afterwards took the Rectory of Staplehurst in Kent, +which he held till his death in 1759.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> The <em>Platt-fellowships</em> at St. John's are similar to what +are called <i>Bye-fellowships</i> in some other Colleges at Cambridge, +and are not on the Foundation. The original number was +<em>six</em>, with a stipend of 20<em>l., per annum</em> each, besides rooms, and +commons at the Fellows' table. They were founded by William +Platt, Esq. (Son of Sir Hugh Platt, Knt.) an opulent +citizen of London, out of an estate then of the annual value +of 140<em>l.</em> Being a rent-charge, the Fellowships cannot be enlarged +in point of revenue, though the number has been increased +to <em>eight</em>, by savings from the surplus. There is a good +portrait of Mr. Platt in the Master's Lodge at St. John's, with +the date of 1626, æt. 47. He died in 1637. More of him may +be seen in Mr. Lysons's Environs of London, vol. III. pp. 59, +66, 70, 71, 110, 376.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> Of this little academical literary Society the late Samuel +Pegge, Esq. possessed a particular History in MS. <span class="smcap">Edit.</span></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> In 1733, his Life of Archbishop Kempe was in forwardness +for press, and he solicited assistance for it from MSS. +</p> +<p> +In 1734, he sent them a critical letter on the name and +town of Wye. +</p> +<p> +In 1739, an Account of a Religious House in Canterbury, +not noticed before, his conjectures on which were approved +by Mr. Thorpe. +</p> +<p> +An Account of the Endowment of the Vicarage of Westfield +in Sussex, by Richard second Bishop of Chichester, +1249, in the hands of Sir Peter Webster, Bart. +</p> +<p> +Account of the Amphitheatre in the Garden of the Nuns +of Fidelite at Angers: the arena 150 feet diameter, outer wall +20 feet thick, the caveæ 14 feet long and wide, with layers +of Roman brick and stone 3 or 4 feet asunder.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> Afterwards Sir Edward Dering, the sixth Baronet of that +Family, who died Dec. 8, 1798.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> The Bishop's Inhibition took place soon after the decision +of the cause at Derby, and was not revoked till late in +the year 1758, which was principally effected by Mr. Pegge's +intercession with his Lordship, stating Mr. Ellis's distressed +circumstances, and his having made a proper submission, +with a promise of future good behaviour. This revocation is +contained in a letter addressed to Mr. Pegge, under the Bishop's +own hand, dated Oct. 30, 1758.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> We believe this witness to have been <em>George Mower</em>, Esq. +of Wood-seats, in this county, who served the office of Sheriff +in 1734.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> Dr. George's letter to Mr. Pegge on the occasion has been +preserved, and is conceived in the most manly and generous +terms. On account of the distance, Mr. Pegge then residing +in Kent, the Dean was so obliging as to concert matters with +Bishop (Frederick) Cornwallis, who then sat at Lichfield, that +the living might <em>lapse</em> without injury to Mr. Pegge, who +therefore took it, in fact, from his Lordship by <em>collation</em>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> Mr. Pegge became known, at least by name, to Dr. Herring, +when Archbishop of York, by an occasional Sermon +(which will be adverted to among Mr. Pegge's writings), on +the publication whereof his Grace sent him a letter in handsome +terms. When the Archbishop was translated to Canterbury, +Mr. Pegge was, most probably, personally known to +him as the Diocesan.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> More usually called <em>Brindle</em>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> The person who actually succeeded to the Vicarage of +Godmersham was the Rev. <em>Aden Ley</em>, who died there in 1766.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> Soon after the fourth Duke of Devonshire came of age, +1769, finding that he had many friends of his own to oblige, +it was suggested to the Senior Chaplains that a resignation +would be deemed a compliment by his Grace. Mr. Pegge, +therefore (among some others), relinquished his Chaplainship, +though he continued to wear the <em>scarf</em>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> It is rather a singular coincidence, that Mr. Pegge +should have been at the same time <em>Rector</em> of <em>Whittington</em> in +<em>Derbyshire</em> and <em>Prebendary</em> of <em>Whittington</em> in <em>Staffordshire</em>, both +in one Diocese, under different patronages, and totally independent +of each other. These two <em>Whittingtons</em> are likewise +nearly equidistant from places of the name of <em>Chesterfield</em>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> The Prebend of <em>Louth</em> carries with it the <em>Patronage</em> of +the Vicarage of the <em>Parish</em> of <em>Louth</em>, to which Mr. Pegge +presented more than once. On the first vacancy, having no +Clerk of his own, he offered the nomination to his Benefactor +Bishop <em>Green</em>; at the last, he gave the living, uninfluenced, +to the present Incumbent, the Rev. <em>Wolley Jolland</em>, son of +the Recorder of Louth.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> It was said at the time, as we recollect, that this piece +of preferment was so peculiar in its tenure, as not to be +strictly <em>optionable</em>; for, had the <em>See</em> of <em>Lichfield</em> been possessed +by a Bishop inimical to the Archbishop or to Mr. Pegge at +the time of the vacancy of the Stall, such Bishop might have +defeated his <em>Grace's</em> intentions. The qualifications of the +Residentiaries in this Cathedral we understand to be singular, +dependent on the possession of certain <em>Prebendal Houses</em>, +which are in the absolute disposal of the Bishop, as a <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">sine +quâ non</i>, to constitute the eligibility which is vested in the +<em>Dean</em> and <em>Chapter</em>. As matters stood, in this case, at the +death of Mr. <em>Seward</em>, the present Bishop of Lichfield (<em>Dr. +James Cornwallis</em>), Mr. Pegge's warm Friend, co-operating +with the Dowager Mrs. <em>Cornwallis</em>, removed every obstruction.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> The very just character of Mr. <em>Knight</em> given in the Gentleman's +Magazine, vol. LI. p. 147, was drawn by Mr. <em>Pegge</em>, +who had been intimate with him very nearly half a century.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> This Print has the following inscription: +</p> + +<p class="center"><br /> +"<span class="smcap">Samuel Pegge</span>, A.M. S.A.S.<br /> +A.D. MDCCLXXXV. Æt. 81. +</p> +<p class="center"><br /> +Impensis, et ex Voto, Gustavi Brander, Arm.<br /> +Sibi et Amicis." +</p> + +<p> +We cannot in any degree subscribe to the resemblance, though, +the print is well engraved. There is, however, a three-quarters +portrait in oil (in the possession of his grandson, Sir +Christopher Pegge, and much valued by him) painted in +1788, by Mr. Elias Needham, a young Provincial Artist, and +a native of Derbyshire, which does the Painter great credit, +being a likeness uncommonly striking. Dr. Pegge being an +old gentleman well known, with a countenance of much +character, the Portrait was taken at the request of Mr. Needham; +who, after exhibiting it to his Patrons and Friends, +made a present of it to Mr. Pegge. Those who knew Dr. +Pegge, and have had an opportunity of comparing the Portrait +with the Print, will agree with us, that no two pictures of +the same person, taken nearly at the same point of life, and so +unlike each other, can both be true resemblances.—A faithful +Engraving from Mr. Needham's Portrait is prefixed to the +present Volume.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> He specified, in writing, about fourscore of these volumes, +which were chiefly what may be called Library-books; the rest +were added by his Son.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> In this year he printed "A Narrative of what passed at the +Revolution-house at Whittington in the year 1688, with a +view and plan of the house by Major Rooke (reprinted in +Gent. Mag. vol. LIX. p. 124)." [See the Appendix.]</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_27_27" id="Footnote_27_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> See the Appendix to this Memoir.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> In this Discourse the venerable Preacher, taking for his +text Psalm cxviii. 24, first recites, in plain and unaffected +language, the blessings resulting from the event here commemorated +to Church and State; and then points out the corruptions +of the present age, with advice for their reformation.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> This solemnity took place on <em>Wednesday</em>; and, the Church +being crowded with strangers, the Sermon was repeated to +the parochial congregation on the following <em>Sunday</em>.—Mr. +Pegge was then very old, and the 5th of November N. S. was +his birth-day, when he entered into the 85th year of his age.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_30_30" id="Footnote_30_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30_30"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> Mr. Pegge, at the time, was on a visit to his Grandson, +the present Sir Christopher Pegge, M. D. then lately elected +Reader of Anatomy at Christ Church, Oxford, on Dr. Lee's +foundation.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_31_31" id="Footnote_31_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31_31"><span class="label">[31]</span></a> The only Member of the Society at the time of its Incorporation, +who survived Dr. Pegge, was <em>Samuel Reynardson</em>, +Esq.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_32_32" id="Footnote_32_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_32_32"><span class="label">[32]</span></a> The first Piece that appears to have been, in any degree, +<em>published</em> by Dr. <em>Pegge</em>, was, A <em>Latin</em> Ode on the Death of King +George I. 1727. See "Academiæ Cantabrigiensis Luctus" +Signature Z. z. fol. b. [Dr. Pegge was then lately elected +Fellow of St. John's College (the first time) as he signs it +"Sam. Pegge, A. B. Coll. Div. Joh. Evang. Soc." See before, +p. xiii.]—1731. An <em>irregular English</em> Ode on Joshua vi. 20, +which he contributed to a Collection of "Miscellaneous +Poems and Translations," published (with a numerous subscription) +by the Rev. Henry Travers, 1731, octavo, p, 170. +[See "Anonymiana," p. 327, for an account of Mr. Travers, +and this publication.] A marginal note in Dr. Pegge's copy +of Mr. Travers's publication tells us, that this <em>Ode</em> was an +<em>academical exercise</em>, when the Doctor was an <em>under-graduate</em> +at St. John's, which was sent to the <em>Earl</em> of <em>Exeter</em>. His +Lordship's Ancestors had been Benefactors to the College, a +circumstance which, we presume, gave rise to the custom of +sending such <em>periodical exercises</em> to the then Earl; though +the practice, as far as we know, does not continue. Thus +much of this Commemoration, as we believe, remains, that +<em>two</em> Sermons are still annually preached (the one at <em>Hatfield</em>, +and the other at <em>Burleigh</em>) by Fellows of the College, which +we apprehend to have been enjoined by the Benefactor. The +<em>Ode</em>, of which we have spoken, became some years after an +<em>auxiliary</em> contribution to Mr. <em>Travers's</em> Collection from Dr. +Pegge, jointly with other contemporaries, to relieve the +Editor from some pecuniary embarrassments.—An Examination +of "The Enquiry into the meaning of Demoniacks in the +New Testament; in a Letter to the Author," 1739. An octavo +(of 86 pages), with his name prefixed. [This controversy +originated from the Rev. Dr. Arthur-Ashley Sykes, who +published "An Enquiry into the Meaning of the Demoniacks +in the New Testament" (1737). under the obscure signature +of "T. P. A. P. O. A. B. I. T. C. O. S." The interpretation of +this is, <em>T</em>he <em>P</em>recentor <em>A</em>nd <em>P</em>rebendary <em>O</em>f <em>A</em>lton-<em>B</em>orealis, <em>I</em>n +<em>T</em>he <em>C</em>hurch <em>O</em>f <em>S</em>alisbury. Dr. Sykes had been vicar of Godmersham; +so that <em>two</em> vicars of Godmersham became, incidentally, +parties in the controversy. The question engaged +several other Writers; <em>viz.</em> Rev. Leonard Twells, Rev. Thomas +Hutchinson, and Rev. William Winston, who were followed +by Dr. Pegge. He, however, entered so late into the lists, +after the subject was almost worn out, that his Publication +was not much attended to, though it attracted the applause +of several competent judges, such as the Rev. Dr. Newcome, +Master of St. John's College, Cambridge; Rev. Dr. Taylor +(late Residentiary of St. Paul's); the very learned Bp. Smalbroke; +and some others.]—A Sermon on St. John i. 5: "The +Light Shineth in Darkness," preached on St. John's-day, 1742, +at <em>Canterbury</em> cathedral, and inscribed to his much-respected +friend, Thomas Knight, Esq. of <em>Godmersham</em>, in <em>Kent</em>.—A +Sermon, preached also at <em>Canterbury</em> Cathedral during the +Rebellion, 1746. [The avowed design of the Discourse was, to +prove that "Popery was an encouragement to vice and immorality." +This Sermon attracted the civilities (mentioned +in p. xxxi.) which Dr. Pegge received from <em>Archbishop</em> Herring. +These are the principal <em>professional</em> Publications by Dr. +Pegge; to which ought to be added some short <em>pastoral</em> and +<em>gratuitous</em> printed distributions at various times; <em>viz.</em> 1755. A +Discourse on Confirmation (of 23 pages, octavo), being an +enlarged Sermon, preached at <em>Chesterfield</em> previously to the +Bishop's triennial Visitation, and dispersed.—1767. A brief +Examination of the Church Catechism, for the Use of those +who are just arrived at Years of Discretion.—1790.] +</p> +<p> +Frivolous as many detached <em>morsels</em>, scattered +up and down in the <span class="smcap">Gentleman's Magazine</span>, +may appear to some Readers, they may be called +the ruminations of a busy mind; which shews an +universality of reading, a love of investigation, +A short +Paraphrase of the Lord's Prayer (4 pages octavo), first addressed +to his Parishioners of Brindle, in Lancashire, 1753; +and afterwards reprinted and distributed in his three parishes +of Whittington, Heath, and Wingerworth, in Derbyshire, 1790.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_33_33" id="Footnote_33_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> An accurate list of these detached publications may be +seen in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1796, pp. 979, 1081.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_34_34" id="Footnote_34_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_34_34"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> We shall here specify Mr. Pegge's several Memoirs printed +(by direction of the Council of the Society of Antiquaries) in +the Archæologia, as being the principal <em>combined</em> work to +which he contributed. Herein we shall proceed as they successively +occur in those volumes, rather than by the times at +which the communications themselves were actually read before +the Society. +</p> +<p> +Vol. I. No. XXXVII. p. 155. Some Observations on an +antique Marble of the Earl of Pembroke.—No. XXXVIII. +p. 161. Dissertation on an Anglo-Saxon Jewel.—No. LV. +p. 319. Of the Introduction, Progress, State, and Condition, +of the Vine in Britain.—No. LVII. p. 335. A Copy of a Deed +in Latin and Saxon of Odo, Bishop of Baieux, with some Observations +thereon. +</p> +<p> +Vol. II. No. IX. p. 68. Observations on the Mistakes of +Mr. Lisle and Mr. Hearne in respect of King Alfred's Present +to the Cathedrals. The late use of the Stylus, or metalline +Pen. Mr. Wise's Conjecture concerning the famous Jewel of +King Alfred further pursued; shewing it might possibly be +part of the Stylus sent by that King, with Gregory's Pastorals, +to the Monastery at Athelney.—No. XIII. p. 86. The Bull-running +at Tutbury, in Staffordshire, considered.—No. XVI. +p. 100. Observations on Dr. Percy's (afterwards Bishop of Dromore) +Account of Minstrels among the Saxons. [See vol. III. +Art. XXXIV. p. 310.]—No. XIX. p. 124. Observations on +Stone Hammers.—No. XXV. p. 171. A Dissertation on the +Crane, as a Dish served up at great Tables in England.—No. +XXXVI. p. 276. A succinct and authentic Narrative of +the Battle of Chesterfield [co. Derby], A. D. 1266, in the +Reign of K. Henry III. +</p> +<p> +Vol. III. No. I. p. 1. Of the Horn, as a Charter, or Instrument +of Conveyance. Some Observations on Mr. Samuel +Foxlow's Horn; as likewise on the Nature and Kinds of those +Horns in general.—No. X. p. 39. On Shoeing of Horses +among the Antients.—No. XI. p. 53. The Question considered, +whether England formerly produced any Wine from +Grapes. [See vol. I. Art. LV. p. 319. This Question was +answered by the Hon. Daines Barrington in the 12th article +of this volume, p. 67.]—No. XIV. p. 101. Remarks on Belatucader.—No. +XVIII. p. 125. Memoir concerning the Sac-Friars, +or <cite>Fratres de Pœnitentiâ Jesu Christi</cite>, as settled in +England.—No. XIX. p. 132. [Greek: Alektruonôn Agôn.] A Memoir +on Cock-Fighting; wherein the Antiquity of it, as a Pastime, +is examined and stated; some Errors of the Moderns concerning +it are corrected; and the Retention of it among +Christians absolutely condemned and proscribed.—No. XX. +p. 151. An Inscription in honour of Serapis, found at York, +illustrated.—No. XXXIV. p. 310. A Letter to Dr. Percy (afterwards +Bishop of Dromore), on the Minstrels among the antient +Saxons, occasioned by some Observations on the Subject +printed in the second Volume, p. 100. [In this short Letter, +Dr. Pegge very candidly acknowledges that the Bishop had +removed all his doubts in the most satisfactory manner, by a +more copious discussion of the subject in a subsequent edition, +which the Doctor had not seen when he wrote the Memoir in +vol. II. p. 100]—No. XXXVI. p. 316. Remarks on the first +Noble (coined 18 Edw. III. A. D. 1344) wherein a new and +more rational Interpretation is given of the Legend on the +Reverse.—No. XLII. p. 371. Observations on two Jewels in +the Possession of Sir Charles Mordaunt, Bart. +</p> +<p> +Vol. IV. No. III. p. 29. An Enquiry into the Nature and +Cause of King John's Death; wherein it is shewn that it was +not effected by Poison.—No. IV. p. 47. Illustrations of a Gold +enamelled Ring, supposed to have been the Property of +Alhstan, Bishop of Sherburne, with some Account of the +State and Condition of the Saxon Jewelry in the more early +Ages.—No. VIII. p. 110. Observations on Kits Cotty House +in Kent.—No. XVII. p. 190. A Dissertation on a most valuable +Gold Coin of Edmund Crouchback, son of King +Henry III.—No. XXVI. p. 414. Remarks on the Bones of +Fowls found in Christ-church Twynham, Hampshire. +</p> +<p> +Vol. V, No. I. p. 1. Observations on the History of St. +George, the Patron Saint of England; wherein Dr. Pettingall's +allegorical Interpretation of the Equestrian Figure on +the George, and the late Mr. Byrom's Conjecture, that St. +George is mistaken for Pope Gregory, are briefly confuted; +and the Martyr of Cappadocia, as Patron of England, and of +the Order of the Garter, is defended against both. [N. B. Dr. +Pegge's Name to this Article is omitted in the Contents to the +Volume; but see the Signature, p. 32.]—No. V. p. 95. On +the Rudston Pyramidal Stone.—No. VII. p. 101. Remarks on +Governor Pownall's Conjecture concerning the Croyland +Boundary Stone.—No. XIII. p. 160. An Examination of a +mistaken Opinion that Ireland, and [The Isle of] Thanet, are +void of Serpents.—No. XXI. p. 224. Observations on the +Stone Coffins found at Christ Church [in Hampshire].—No. +XXVII. p. 272. An important Historical Passage of +Gildas amended and explained.—No. XXXVI. p. 346. The +Question discussed concerning the Appearances of the Matrices +of so many Conventual Seals.—No. XXXIX. p. 369. +Remarks on the ancient Pig of Lead [then] lately discovered +in Derbyshire. [The Date is 1777.]—No. XLI. p. 390. The +Penny with the name of Rodbertus IV. ascribed to Robert +Duke of Normandy, and other Matters relative to the English +Coinage, occasionally discussed. +</p> +<p> +Vol. VI. No. VIII. p. 79. Observations on the Plague in +England—No. XX. p. 150. The Commencement of the Day +among the Saxons and Britons ascertained. +</p> +<p> +Vol. VII. No. II. p. 19. Illustration of some Druidical Remains +in the Peak of Derbyshire, drawn by Hayman Rooke, +Esq.—No. IX. p. 86. Observations on the present Aldborough +Church, in Holderness; proving that it was not a Saxon +Building, as Mr. Somerset [<em>i. e.</em> John-Charles Brooke, Esq. +Somerset Herald] contends.—No. XIII. p. 131. A Disquisition +on the Lows, or Barrows, in the Peak of Derbyshire, particularly +that capital British Monument called Arbelows.—No. +XVIII. p. 170. Description of a Second Roman Pig of +Lead found in Derbyshire, in the Possession of Mr. Adam +Wolley, of Matlock, in that County, with Remarks.—No. +XXIV. p. 211. Observations on the Chariots of the Antient +Britons.—No. XXXVIII. p. 362. Observations on a +Seal of Thomas, Suffragan Bishop of Philadelphia. +</p> +<p> +Vol. VIII. No. I. p. 1. A Sketch of the History of the +Asylum, or Sanctuary, from its Origin to the final Abolition +of it in the Reign of King James I.—No. III. p. 58. Observations +on the Stanton Moor Urns, and Druidical Temples.—No. +XX. p. 159. A circumstantial Detail of the Battle of +Lincoln, A. D. 1217 (1 Henry III). +</p> +<p> +Vol. IX. No. V. p. 45. Description of another [a third] +Roman Pig of Lead found in Derbyshire.—No. IX. p. 84. +Observations on some Brass Celts, and other Weapons, discovered +in Ireland, 1780.—No. XVIII. p. 189. Discoveries on +opening a Tumulus in Derbyshire. +</p> +<p> +Vol. X. No. II. p. 17. Derbeiescira Romana.—No. IV. p. 50. +Some Observations of the Paintings in Brereton Church.—No. +XIX. p. 156. On the hunting of the antient Inhabitants +of our Island, Britons and Saxons.—No. XXIII. p. 177. Observations +on an antient Font at Burnham-Deepdale, in Norfolk. +</p> +<p> +The following articles appear to have been contributed by +Mr. Pegge to that useful and interesting reservoir of British +Topographical History, the <cite>Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica; +viz.</cite> No. XVII. A Memoir on the Story of Guy Earl of +Warwick [1783].—No. XXI. The History and Antiquities of +Eccleshal-Manor and Castle, in the County of Stafford; and +of Lichfield House in London [1784]. [This Memoir is inscribed +to four successive Bishops of Lichfield: the Right +Rev. Dr. John Egerton (then Bishop of Durham); Hon. and +Right Rev. Dr. Brownlow North, then (and still) Bishop of +Winchester; Right Rev. Dr. Hurd, then Bishop of Worcester; +and the Hon. and Right Rev. Dr. Cornwallis, the present +Bishop of Lichfield, who has done Dr. Pegge the honour to +deposit a copy of it among the Archives belonging to that +See.—No. XXIV. The Roman Roads (Ikenild-Street and +Bath-Way) discovered and investigated through the Country +of the Coritani, or the County of Derby; with the Addition of +a Dissertation on the Coritani. [1784.]—No. XXV. An Historical +Account of that venerable Monument of Antiquity, the +Textus Roffensis; including Memoirs of Mr. William Elstob, +and his Sister, Mrs. Elizabeth Elstob. [1784.]—No. XXVIII. +Some Account of that Species of Prelates formerly existing in +England, usually called "Bishops <cite>in Partibus Infidelium</cite>." +[1784.] [The article before us is combined with some others +to consolidate what has been written on the subject. It begins +with a Letter from the Rev. Thomas Brett, LL. D. on Suffragan +Bishops in England, extracted from Drake's Antiquities +of York (p. 539), which is followed by a Memoir on the same +Topick from the Rev. Mr. Lewis, of Margate. To these is +subjoined Dr. Pegge's Account of "Bishops <cite>in Partibus Infidelium</cite>." +[N. B. This Number closes with "A List of the +Suffragan Bishops in England, drawn up by the late Rev. +Henry Wharton, M.A. and extracted from his MSS. in the +Lambeth Library."]—No. XXXII. Sketch of the History of Bolsover +and Peak Castles, in the County of Derby (in a Letter +to his Grace the Duke of Portland), illustrated with various +Drawings by Hayman Rooke, Esq. [1785].—No. XLI. A Sylloge +of the authentic remaining Inscriptions relative to the +Erection of our English Churches, embellished with Copperplates. +Inscribed to Richard Gough, esq. [1787.] +</p> +<p> +Independent Publications on Numismatical, Antiquarian, +and Biographical Subjects: 1756. No. I. "A Series of Dissertations +on some elegant and very valuable Anglo-Saxon +Remains." [42 pages, 4to. with a Plate.] 1. A Gold Coin in +the Pembrochian Cabinet, in a Letter to Martin Folkes, Esq. +late President of the Royal Society, and Fellow of the Society +of Antiquaries. [Dated Godmersham, 1751.] 2. A Silver +Coin in the Possession of Mr. John White. [Dated Whittington, +1755.] 3. A Gold Coin in the Possession of Mr. Simpson, +of Lincoln, in a Letter to Mr. Vertue. [Dated Godmersham, +1751.] 4. A Jewel in the Bodleian Library. [No place +or date.] 5. Second Thoughts on Lord Pembroke's Coin, in +a Letter to Mr. Ames, Secretary to the Society of Antiquaries. +[Dated Whittington, 1755.] [These Dissertations are prefaced +by a Question, candidly debated with the Rev. George +North, Whether the Saxons coined any Gold?]—No. II. 1761. +"Memoirs of Roger de Weseham, Dean of Lincoln, afterwards +Bishop of Lichfield; and the principal Favourite of Robert +Grosseteste, Bishop of Lincoln." [60 pages, 4to.] [This +work (as we are told in the title-page) was intended as a prelude +to the Life of that most excellent Bishop, Robert Grosseteste; +which accordingly appeared (as will be mentioned) in +the year 1795. These Memoirs were compiled soon after Dr. +Pegge was collated, by Bishop [Frederick] Cornwallis, to the +prebend of <em>Bobenhull</em>, in the church of Lichfield, 1757, +(founded by Bishop Weseham) and gratefully inscribed to his +patron the Bishop of Lichfield, and to his friend Dr. John +Green, then Dean of Lincoln, as Roger de Weseham had successively +filled both those dignities.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_35_35" id="Footnote_35_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_35_35"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> Both these are engraved in the "Antiquaries Museum," from +drawings made by Mr. Schnebbelie. <span class="smcap">Edit.</span></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_36_36" id="Footnote_36_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_36_36"><span class="label">[36]</span></a> It appears, from traditional accounts, that Lord Delamere, an +ancestor of the present Earl of Stamford and Warrington, was also +at this meeting. <span class="smcap">H. Rooke.</span></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_37_37" id="Footnote_37_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37_37"><span class="label">[37]</span></a> Kennett.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_38_38" id="Footnote_38_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38_38"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> A Provincial name for a <em>Magpye</em>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_39_39" id="Footnote_39_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_39_39"><span class="label">[39]</span></a> Rapin, XV. 199.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_40_40" id="Footnote_40_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_40"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> Deering's Nottingham, p. 258.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_41_41" id="Footnote_41_41"></a><a href="#FNanchor_41_41"><span class="label">[41]</span></a> Son and heir of Conyers Earl of Holderness.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_42_42" id="Footnote_42_42"></a><a href="#FNanchor_42_42"><span class="label">[42]</span></a> For the Earl of Devonshire's proceedings at Derby and Whittington +see Mr. Deering's History of Nottingham, p. 260. Mr. +Drake, p. 177 of his Eboracum, just mentions the Earl of Danby's +appearance at York.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_43_43" id="Footnote_43_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_43_43"><span class="label">[43]</span></a> Sir John Dalrymple's "Continuation of Memoirs of Great +Britain."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_44_44" id="Footnote_44_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44_44"><span class="label">[44]</span></a> Samuel Pegge.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_45_45" id="Footnote_45_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_45_45"><span class="label">[45]</span></a> Whittington Moor.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_46_46" id="Footnote_46_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46_46"><span class="label">[46]</span></a> Earl of Devon, Earl of Danby, and Mr. John D'Arcy.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_47_47" id="Footnote_47_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_47_47"><span class="label">[47]</span></a> Birth-day of the Rev. Samuel Pegge, 1704.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_48_48" id="Footnote_48_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48_48"><span class="label">[48]</span></a> Father Paul.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_49_49" id="Footnote_49_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49_49"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> "The Committee appointed by the Lords and Gentlemen at the +last Chesterfield Races, to conduct and manage the Celebration of the +intended Jubilee, on the Hundredth Anniversary of the glorious Revolution, +at the Revolution House in Whittington, in the County of +Derby, where measures were first concerted for the promotion of +that grand constitutional event, in these midland parts, have this day +met, and upon consideration, come to the following resolutions: +</p> +<p> +That General Gladwin do take the chair at this meeting. That +the Rev. Samuel Pegge be requested to preach a Sermon on the occasion, +at Whittington Church, on the 5th day of November next. +That the Gentlemen who intend to honor the meeting with their +company, do assemble at Whittington Church, exactly at eleven +o'clock in the forenoon of that day to attend divine service. That +immediately after service, they meet at the Revolution House, where +a cold collation will be provided. That they go in procession from +thence to Chesterfield, where ordinaries will be provided at the +Angel, Castle, and Falcon inns. That the meeting be open to all +friends of the Revolution. That letters be written to the Dukes of +Devonshire and Leeds, and the Earl of Stamford, to request the +honour of their attendance at that meeting. That there be a ball +for the Ladies in the evening at the Assembly Room in Chesterfield. +That a subscription of one guinea each be entered into for +defraying the extraordinary expenses on the occasion, and that the +same be paid into the hands of Messrs. Wilkinson's, in Chesterfield. +That the Committee do meet again on Wednesday the 8th of October +next, at the Angel Inn, in Chesterfield, at one o'clock. That +these resolutions be published in the Derby and Nottingham newspapers, +and in the St. James's of Whitehall, and Lloyd's Evening +Posts, and the London and English Chronicles. +</p> + +<p><br /> +<em>Chesterfield, Sept. 27, 1788.</em></p> + +<p class="sig"><span class="smcap">Henry Gladwin</span>, Chairman." +</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_50_50" id="Footnote_50_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50_50"><span class="label">[50]</span></a> Another son, Christopher, died an infant in 1736.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_51_51" id="Footnote_51_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51_51"><span class="label">[51]</span></a> Who died in 1775, in his 89th year.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_52_52" id="Footnote_52_52"></a><a href="#FNanchor_52_52"><span class="label">[52]</span></a> Who married Anne-Katharine, Mr. S. Pegge's only sister.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_53_53" id="Footnote_53_53"></a><a href="#FNanchor_53_53"><span class="label">[53]</span></a> She died Oct. 23, 1807, in her 82d year.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_54_54" id="Footnote_54_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_54_54"><span class="label">[54]</span></a> A few extracts from his Letters are given in p. lxxxiii.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_55_55" id="Footnote_55_55"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55_55"><span class="label">[55]</span></a> Had Mr. Pegge lived to have completed his whole design, +the Title would have run thus: "<cite>Hospitium Regis</cite>; or, a History +of the Royal Household, and the several Officers thereof, +principally in the Departments of the Lord Steward, the Lord +Chamberlain, the Master of the Horse, and the Groom of the +Stole. Collected and digested by Samuel Pegge, Esq. F.S.A."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_56_56" id="Footnote_56_56"></a><a href="#FNanchor_56_56"><span class="label">[56]</span></a> The History of Somerset House was with Mr. Pegge a +favourite subject; and to this, with the exception of the two +concluding pages, he had put the finishing hand.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_57_57" id="Footnote_57_57"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57_57"><span class="label">[57]</span></a> Announced by the Author in his Introduction to Part III. +and by himself very nearly completed for the press.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_58_58" id="Footnote_58_58"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58_58"><span class="label">[58]</span></a> Of this Elegy Mr. Pegge printed only a few copies to be +given to particular Friends; but, by his permission, it was re-printed +for sale by Mr. Joseph Bradley, of Chesterfield.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_59_59" id="Footnote_59_59"></a><a href="#FNanchor_59_59"><span class="label">[59]</span></a> See the "Illustrations of Literature," vol. I. p. 427.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_60_60" id="Footnote_60_60"></a><a href="#FNanchor_60_60"><span class="label">[60]</span></a> The Books in the Library at Whittington had, probably, not +been dusted for 20 to 30 years.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_61_61" id="Footnote_61_61"></a><a href="#FNanchor_61_61"><span class="label">[61]</span></a> Mr. Gough was then Director of the Society of Antiquaries.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_62_62" id="Footnote_62_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_62_62"><span class="label">[62]</span></a> This striking resemblance of my worthy old friend Dr. Pegge, +which I have often had the agreeable opportunity of comparing with +the Original when conversing with the good Doctor at Whittington, +is now in the possession of his Grandson, Sir Christopher Pegge; by +whose kind permission a faithful Engraving from it, admirably +executed by Philip Andinet, accompanies the present Publication.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_63_63" id="Footnote_63_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63_63"><span class="label">[63]</span></a> Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. John Bourne, of Spital, was +married, Jan. 1, 1800, to Robert Jennings, Esq. of Hull.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_64_64" id="Footnote_64_64"></a><a href="#FNanchor_64_64"><span class="label">[64]</span></a> Mr. John Belt, of York, Surgeon, died Jan. 23, 1800.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_65_65" id="Footnote_65_65"></a><a href="#FNanchor_65_65"><span class="label">[65]</span></a> So he humourously styled the Printer's Errand Boys.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_66_66" id="Footnote_66_66"></a><a href="#FNanchor_66_66"><span class="label">[66]</span></a> Henry II.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_67_67" id="Footnote_67_67"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67_67"><span class="label">[67]</span></a> William Rufus.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_68_68" id="Footnote_68_68"></a><a href="#FNanchor_68_68"><span class="label">[68]</span></a> See Letters concerning the present state of +Poland, printed for T. Payne, 1773, Letter iii. p. 57.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_69_69" id="Footnote_69_69"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69_69"><span class="label">[69]</span></a> Lord Corke's Letters from Italy, published 1773, +p. 52.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_70_70" id="Footnote_70_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70_70"><span class="label">[70]</span></a> Dr. Burney, in his Present State of Munich, in +Germany, vol. I. pp. 205, 295.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_71_71" id="Footnote_71_71"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71_71"><span class="label">[71]</span></a> Called Codex Wintoniensis. See Sir John +Spelman's Life of Alfred.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_72_72" id="Footnote_72_72"></a><a href="#FNanchor_72_72"><span class="label">[72]</span></a> Lord Lyttelton's Life of Henry II. vol. i. p. 74; +edit. 8vo.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_73_73" id="Footnote_73_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73_73"><span class="label">[73]</span></a> Domesday Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_74_74" id="Footnote_74_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74_74"><span class="label">[74]</span></a> Rapin.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_75_75" id="Footnote_75_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_75_75"><span class="label">[75]</span></a> "<em>Pro more suo</em>, extorsit multum pecuniæ suis subditis +ubicunque haberet aliquem pretextum, sive jure +sive aliter." Chron. Sax. p. 187. In another place +the writer says, he extorted money, "partim justè, +maximâ verò ex parte injustè, rebus parùm urgentibus." +p. 191.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_76_76" id="Footnote_76_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_76_76"><span class="label">[76]</span></a> Lord Lyttelton's Henry II. vol. i. p. 74.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_77_77" id="Footnote_77_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77_77"><span class="label">[77]</span></a> <em>Gentleman of the Bed-chamber</em> means what we +now call a <em>Lord of the Bed-chamber</em>; which last is a +title of a late introduction. When the <em>Gentleman</em> was +the superior, the next subordinate Officer was the +<em>Groom</em>; which last title continues to this day. Had +the first been originally called <em>Lords</em>, the latter would +probably have been styled the <em>Gentleman</em>. William +of Malmsbury speaks of the <em>Cubicularius</em> in that ridiculous +instance of William Rufus's absurd profusion +with respect to the price of a pair of hose; by whom, +I should suppose, he means an inferior Officer of the +<em>Bed-chamber</em>, by the rough language he uses to him; +no less than calling him a <em>son of a whore.—Filî, ait, +meretricis.</em></p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_78_78" id="Footnote_78_78"></a><a href="#FNanchor_78_78"><span class="label">[78]</span></a> Life of Henry II. vol. i. p. 74.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_79_79" id="Footnote_79_79"></a><a href="#FNanchor_79_79"><span class="label">[79]</span></a> Dividens Familiam in tres Turmas, singulis Turmis +singulos Principes imposuit; et unusquisque Princeps +cum suâ Turmâ per unum mensem in Regis Ministerio +Palatium conservavit. Uno mense completo, +exiens ad proprios agros cum suâ Turmâ, propriis +negotiis per duorum mensium spatium intendebat; +et interim secundus Princeps per unum mensem, et +tertius Princeps per alium mensem post illum in Regis +Palatio ministrabat: ut postea propriis utilitatibus per +duos menses quælibet Turma vacaret. Hâc revolutione +Servorum suorum, totiusque familiæ suæ rotatione, +usus est omni tempore vitæ suæ. Ingulph. +Hist. p. 870.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_80_80" id="Footnote_80_80"></a><a href="#FNanchor_80_80"><span class="label">[80]</span></a> Ingulph. ubi supra.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_81_81" id="Footnote_81_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_81_81"><span class="label">[81]</span></a> Princeps. Ingulphus, in eod.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_82_82" id="Footnote_82_82"></a><a href="#FNanchor_82_82"><span class="label">[82]</span></a> This, I suppose, led Sir John into the above supposition +about the Quarter-Waiters.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_83_83" id="Footnote_83_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_83_83"><span class="label">[83]</span></a> Spelman's Life of Alfred, edit. Hearne, p. 198.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_84_84" id="Footnote_84_84"></a><a href="#FNanchor_84_84"><span class="label">[84]</span></a> Erant autem in Thesauro 60 Mille Libræ Argenti. +Lib. vi.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_85_85" id="Footnote_85_85"></a><a href="#FNanchor_85_85"><span class="label">[85]</span></a> Introduction to the Life of Henry II. The Reader +may see his Lordship's grounds of computation in a +long note on this passage. The Saxon Chronicle says, +the King's Treasures were <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">difficiles numeratu</i>, p. 192.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_86_86" id="Footnote_86_86"></a><a href="#FNanchor_86_86"><span class="label">[86]</span></a> Lord Lyttelton calling him Ralph Flambard, a +Norman. Life of Henry II. vol. i. p. 87, where his +character may be seen at large.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_87_87" id="Footnote_87_87"></a><a href="#FNanchor_87_87"><span class="label">[87]</span></a> The Saxon Chronicle says but Eleven.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_88_88" id="Footnote_88_88"></a><a href="#FNanchor_88_88"><span class="label">[88]</span></a> Matthew Paris.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_89_89" id="Footnote_89_89"></a><a href="#FNanchor_89_89"><span class="label">[89]</span></a> Saxon Chronicle.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_90_90" id="Footnote_90_90"></a><a href="#FNanchor_90_90"><span class="label">[90]</span></a> "Per Vultum di Lucca." See Lord Lyttelton's +note, vol. i. p. 424, octavo. I have seen a private +letter from his Lordship in defence of his opinion.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_91_91" id="Footnote_91_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_91_91"><span class="label">[91]</span></a> Higden.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_92_92" id="Footnote_92_92"></a><a href="#FNanchor_92_92"><span class="label">[92]</span></a> "Ipse namque, et qui ei famulabantur (says +Matthew Paris) omnia rapiebant, omnia conterebant, +et subvertebant. Adulteria violenter, et <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">impunè</i> committebant, +quicquid fraudis et nequitiæ antea non +erat, his temporibus pullulavit." Henry of Huntingdon +uses nearly the same, but rather stronger, expressions.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_93_93" id="Footnote_93_93"></a><a href="#FNanchor_93_93"><span class="label">[93]</span></a> Introduction to History of Henry II.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_94_94" id="Footnote_94_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_94_94"><span class="label">[94]</span></a> Saxon Chronicle, p. 237.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_95_95" id="Footnote_95_95"></a><a href="#FNanchor_95_95"><span class="label">[95]</span></a> Morem fratris sui Willielmi Regis secutus. +Eadmer.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_96_96" id="Footnote_96_96"></a><a href="#FNanchor_96_96"><span class="label">[96]</span></a> Aide à Fille marier.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_97_97" id="Footnote_97_97"></a><a href="#FNanchor_97_97"><span class="label">[97]</span></a> Polydore Vergil.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_98_98" id="Footnote_98_98"></a><a href="#FNanchor_98_98"><span class="label">[98]</span></a> Eadmer.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_99_99" id="Footnote_99_99"></a><a href="#FNanchor_99_99"><span class="label">[99]</span></a> Lord Lyttelton.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_100_100" id="Footnote_100_100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_100_100"><span class="label">[100]</span></a> Introduction to Life of Henry II.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_101_101" id="Footnote_101_101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_101_101"><span class="label">[101]</span></a> Matthew Paris.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_102_102" id="Footnote_102_102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_102_102"><span class="label">[102]</span></a> Eadmer.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_103_103" id="Footnote_103_103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_103_103"><span class="label">[103]</span></a> Eadmer.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_104_104" id="Footnote_104_104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_104_104"><span class="label">[104]</span></a> <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pro more</i>, as the Monkish writers say: though +Henry I. does not appear to have confined himself to +keep the Feast of Christmas at one place. According +to the Saxon Chronicle, William I. had stated places +for each Feast; and on these occasions the Kings +wore their Crowns. "Ter gessit [Willielmus] suam +Coronam singulis annis quoties esset in Angliâ; ad +<em>Pascha</em> eam gessit in <em>Winchester;</em> ad Pentecosten in +<em>Westminster;</em> et ad <em>Natales</em> in <em>Gloucester</em>." Chronic. +Saxon. p. 190. So before anno 1085 "Rex <em>induta +Corona</em> tenuit Curiam in <em>Winchester</em> ad <em>Pascha</em>, atque +ita Itinera instituit ut esset ad <em>Pentecosten</em> apud <em>Westminster;</em> +ubi armis militaribus honoravit filium suum +Henricum;" p. 187. +</p> +<p> +William Rufus was not so uniform. He sometimes +held his Court at one, and sometimes at another; but +for the most part the Easter-Court at Winchester, as +his Father had done. At Whitsuntide 1099, he kept +his Court for the first time in his new Hall at Westminster +(Saxon Chronicle); for which purpose, I suppose, +he built it. Henry I. was not regular in the +places where he kept his Court, but it was held oftener +in Westminster Hall than any where else, perhaps +on account of its novelty and convenience in +point of magnitude, or for greater magnificence. The +custom of wearing the Crown during the celebration +of the great Festivals was much left off, however, +after Henry II. It is said to have grown by degrees +into disuse after Henry II. and his Queen, 1136, laid +their Crowns on the Altar, after their third Coronation +at Worcester, vowing they would never wear them +again. What the occasion of this vow was, nobody +has told us; and Lord Lyttelton does not even guess +at the reason.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_105_105" id="Footnote_105_105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_105_105"><span class="label">[105]</span></a> Du Cange, Gloss. in voce <em>Cambellanus</em>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_106_106" id="Footnote_106_106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_106_106"><span class="label">[106]</span></a> P. 222.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_107_107" id="Footnote_107_107"></a><a href="#FNanchor_107_107"><span class="label">[107]</span></a> The <em>Dispensatores</em> should seem to be something +like our Gentlemen of the Buttery, Pantry, &c.; or +such as delivered out provisions of various sorts in +their several provinces.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_108_108" id="Footnote_108_108"></a><a href="#FNanchor_108_108"><span class="label">[108]</span></a> The <em>Cubicularii</em> I have already supposed to mean +the inferior Officers of the Bed-chamber.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_109_109" id="Footnote_109_109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_109_109"><span class="label">[109]</span></a> The <em>Pincernæ</em>, Butlers,—"<em>Pincerna</em>, qui Vinum +Convivis miscet;" Du Cange in voce: and <em>Pincernare</em>, +he says, is "Vinum prægustare priusquam Principi propinetur;" +Idem in voce. So that it seems to be what +we call <em>A Yeoman of the Mouth</em>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_110_110" id="Footnote_110_110"></a><a href="#FNanchor_110_110"><span class="label">[110]</span></a> William of Malmesbury; "Æstimabantur denarii +fere ad centum millia libras," p. 179.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_111_111" id="Footnote_111_111"></a><a href="#FNanchor_111_111"><span class="label">[111]</span></a> The breach of his oath to Matilda.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_112_112" id="Footnote_112_112"></a><a href="#FNanchor_112_112"><span class="label">[112]</span></a> Quâ nunquam fuerat splendidior <em>in Angliâ</em> multitudine, +magnitudine, auro, argento, gemmis, Vestibus, +omnimodâ dapsilitate. +</p> + +<p><br /> +Henry of Huntingdon, Lib. viii.<br /> + +</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_113_113" id="Footnote_113_113"></a><a href="#FNanchor_113_113"><span class="label">[113]</span></a> Lord Lyttelton, from John of Salisbury.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_114_114" id="Footnote_114_114"></a><a href="#FNanchor_114_114"><span class="label">[114]</span></a> Fitzstephen.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_115_115" id="Footnote_115_115"></a><a href="#FNanchor_115_115"><span class="label">[115]</span></a> Idem. Vide Lord Lyttelton's Life of Henry II. +vol. iii. p. 483.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_116_116" id="Footnote_116_116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_116_116"><span class="label">[116]</span></a> <em>Juncare</em> is properly, to strew with rushes.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_117_117" id="Footnote_117_117"></a><a href="#FNanchor_117_117"><span class="label">[117]</span></a> Blount's Jocular Tenures.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_118_118" id="Footnote_118_118"></a><a href="#FNanchor_118_118"><span class="label">[118]</span></a> Jam quippe Curiæ solennes, et ornatus Regii +Schematis prorsus evanuerant. Annals of Waverly.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_119_119" id="Footnote_119_119"></a><a href="#FNanchor_119_119"><span class="label">[119]</span></a> Lord Lyttelton.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_120_120" id="Footnote_120_120"></a><a href="#FNanchor_120_120"><span class="label">[120]</span></a> Lord Lyttelton.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_121_121" id="Footnote_121_121"></a><a href="#FNanchor_121_121"><span class="label">[121]</span></a> Lord Lyttelton.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_122_122" id="Footnote_122_122"></a><a href="#FNanchor_122_122"><span class="label">[122]</span></a> Lord Lyttelton.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_123_123" id="Footnote_123_123"></a><a href="#FNanchor_123_123"><span class="label">[123]</span></a> Constable or Governor of Colchester Castle.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_124_124" id="Footnote_124_124"></a><a href="#FNanchor_124_124"><span class="label">[124]</span></a> The daughter was educated by Henry with all +the affection he owed to the memory of her father, +and was afterwards married to a Nobleman of great +distinction.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_125_125" id="Footnote_125_125"></a><a href="#FNanchor_125_125"><span class="label">[125]</span></a> Lord Lyttelton.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_126_126" id="Footnote_126_126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_126_126"><span class="label">[126]</span></a> A very similar circumstance happened in our +times in Poland. The King, anno 1771, being shot +at with arrows by the Regicides, H. Butzau, a Hussar, +interposed, and received the arrows in his own breast, +of which wounds he died. The King erected a monument +(1773) to his memory. See the public prints of +the years 1771 and 1773.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_127_127" id="Footnote_127_127"></a><a href="#FNanchor_127_127"><span class="label">[127]</span></a> Speed, p. 519.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_128_128" id="Footnote_128_128"></a><a href="#FNanchor_128_128"><span class="label">[128]</span></a> <em>i.e.</em> Short Mantle.—"Ab Infantiâ vocabatur Henricus +<em>Curtmantell</em>, nam iste primus omnium <em>curta mantella</em> +ab Andegaviâ (Anjou) in Angliam transvexit." +Brompton, p. 1150.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_129_129" id="Footnote_129_129"></a><a href="#FNanchor_129_129"><span class="label">[129]</span></a> Vide note to vol. iii. octavo.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_130_130" id="Footnote_130_130"></a><a href="#FNanchor_130_130"><span class="label">[130]</span></a> Camden's Remains, p. 194.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_131_131" id="Footnote_131_131"></a><a href="#FNanchor_131_131"><span class="label">[131]</span></a> Life of Henry II. vol. iii. p. 40.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_132_132" id="Footnote_132_132"></a><a href="#FNanchor_132_132"><span class="label">[132]</span></a> He was not then Archbishop.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_133_133" id="Footnote_133_133"></a><a href="#FNanchor_133_133"><span class="label">[133]</span></a> Life of Henry II. vol. iii. p. 311.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_134_134" id="Footnote_134_134"></a><a href="#FNanchor_134_134"><span class="label">[134]</span></a> Gervas. Dorob. inter Decem Scriptores, col. 1366.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_135_135" id="Footnote_135_135"></a><a href="#FNanchor_135_135"><span class="label">[135]</span></a> From Brady's History, p. 309, who cites Gervas. +Dorob. col. 1410.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_136_136" id="Footnote_136_136"></a><a href="#FNanchor_136_136"><span class="label">[136]</span></a> Brady, 330; A. D. 1177.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_137_137" id="Footnote_137_137"></a><a href="#FNanchor_137_137"><span class="label">[137]</span></a> Consult Brady, who gives authorities, p. 344.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_138_138" id="Footnote_138_138"></a><a href="#FNanchor_138_138"><span class="label">[138]</span></a> Ibid.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_139_139" id="Footnote_139_139"></a><a href="#FNanchor_139_139"><span class="label">[139]</span></a> "Numero et Pondere." Brompton.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_140_140" id="Footnote_140_140"></a><a href="#FNanchor_140_140"><span class="label">[140]</span></a> "Præter Utensilia, et Jocalia, et Lapides pretiosos." +Matthew Paris.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_141_141" id="Footnote_141_141"></a><a href="#FNanchor_141_141"><span class="label">[141]</span></a> In passing between Cyprus and Rhodes, in his +Expedition to the Holy War, three of his Ships were +lost, and among other persons that perished was the +Vice-Chancellor, who had the Great Seal in his custody, +and was afterwards found with it about his neck. +Brompton. This was the manner in which the Seal +was formerly carried by the Chancellor himself—"<em>circa</em> +cujus <em>Collum suspensum</em> Regis Sigillum postea repertum +est," are Brompton's words.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_142_142" id="Footnote_142_142"></a><a href="#FNanchor_142_142"><span class="label">[142]</span></a> Sir Richard Baker, p. 73.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_143_143" id="Footnote_143_143"></a><a href="#FNanchor_143_143"><span class="label">[143]</span></a> Consult the Monkish Historians.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_144_144" id="Footnote_144_144"></a><a href="#FNanchor_144_144"><span class="label">[144]</span></a> Sir Richard Baker reckons this no more than a +voluntary contribution, forgetting that it was one of +the established Norman <em>Feudal Aids</em>, though now first +brought forward since the Conquest.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_145_145" id="Footnote_145_145"></a><a href="#FNanchor_145_145"><span class="label">[145]</span></a> Rymer's Fœdera, tom. viii. p. 610.—From Madox's +MSS. n. 4486, p. 70.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_146_146" id="Footnote_146_146"></a><a href="#FNanchor_146_146"><span class="label">[146]</span></a> Madox's MSS. n. 4486, p. 71.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_147_147" id="Footnote_147_147"></a><a href="#FNanchor_147_147"><span class="label">[147]</span></a> Idem, p. 69.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_148_148" id="Footnote_148_148"></a><a href="#FNanchor_148_148"><span class="label">[148]</span></a> Idem, pp. 22, 23.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_149_149" id="Footnote_149_149"></a><a href="#FNanchor_149_149"><span class="label">[149]</span></a> Harleian MSS. in the British Museum, N<sup>o</sup> 369, +corrected by N<sup>o</sup> 642.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_150_150" id="Footnote_150_150"></a><a href="#FNanchor_150_150"><span class="label">[150]</span></a> By white lights I understand tallow candles, they +being so distinguished from wax in other places: +which last, I presume, at that time were yellow.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_151_151" id="Footnote_151_151"></a><a href="#FNanchor_151_151"><span class="label">[151]</span></a> In the time of Henry the Eighth (as in some +cases in these Orders) they used stoppages of wages +in lieu of imprisonment. This was called <em>checquing</em>. +Hence, I apprehend, the office of a Clerk of the +Cheque.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_152_152" id="Footnote_152_152"></a><a href="#FNanchor_152_152"><span class="label">[152]</span></a> Of this Office, and that of the Esquires of the +Body, see Mr. Pegge's Curialia, Part I.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_153_153" id="Footnote_153_153"></a><a href="#FNanchor_153_153"><span class="label">[153]</span></a> N<sup>o</sup> 369 reads <em>Ray</em> Clothing.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_154_154" id="Footnote_154_154"></a><a href="#FNanchor_154_154"><span class="label">[154]</span></a> Fortè <em>Prickets</em>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_155_155" id="Footnote_155_155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_155_155"><span class="label">[155]</span></a> <em>Sic</em>: but query if not Gentlemen of the Privy +Chamber; they not being otherwise mentioned in +either copy.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_156_156" id="Footnote_156_156"></a><a href="#FNanchor_156_156"><span class="label">[156]</span></a> See the "Curialia," Part III.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_157_157" id="Footnote_157_157"></a><a href="#FNanchor_157_157"><span class="label">[157]</span></a> Sic lego.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_158_158" id="Footnote_158_158"></a><a href="#FNanchor_158_158"><span class="label">[158]</span></a> <em>Tools</em> in No. 642, in Bib. Harl.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_159_159" id="Footnote_159_159"></a><a href="#FNanchor_159_159"><span class="label">[159]</span></a> <em>i. e.</em> granted them during non-age.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_160_160" id="Footnote_160_160"></a><a href="#FNanchor_160_160"><span class="label">[160]</span></a> Fortè <em>Tournois</em>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_161_161" id="Footnote_161_161"></a><a href="#FNanchor_161_161"><span class="label">[161]</span></a> Sic.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_162_162" id="Footnote_162_162"></a><a href="#FNanchor_162_162"><span class="label">[162]</span></a> Harleian MSS. 642, p. 177.—Rigid Orders regarding +Offenders, p. 97. b.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_163_163" id="Footnote_163_163"></a><a href="#FNanchor_163_163"><span class="label">[163]</span></a> Rectiùs, No. 642 reads <em>Service</em>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_164_164" id="Footnote_164_164"></a><a href="#FNanchor_164_164"><span class="label">[164]</span></a> See the "Curialia," Part V.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_165_165" id="Footnote_165_165"></a><a href="#FNanchor_165_165"><span class="label">[165]</span></a> Shawms.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_166_166" id="Footnote_166_166"></a><a href="#FNanchor_166_166"><span class="label">[166]</span></a> <em>i. e.</em> Maunday Thursday.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_167_167" id="Footnote_167_167"></a><a href="#FNanchor_167_167"><span class="label">[167]</span></a> Perhaps Perils.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_168_168" id="Footnote_168_168"></a><a href="#FNanchor_168_168"><span class="label">[168]</span></a> Lex Parliamentaria.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_169_169" id="Footnote_169_169"></a><a href="#FNanchor_169_169"><span class="label">[169]</span></a> Ibid. p. 195.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_170_170" id="Footnote_170_170"></a><a href="#FNanchor_170_170"><span class="label">[170]</span></a> Ibid. 197.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_171_171" id="Footnote_171_171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_171_171"><span class="label">[171]</span></a> Ibid. 301.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_172_172" id="Footnote_172_172"></a><a href="#FNanchor_172_172"><span class="label">[172]</span></a> See Peck's Desiderata Curiosa, vol. i. p. 51.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_173_173" id="Footnote_173_173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_173_173"><span class="label">[173]</span></a> Leigh's Choice Observations.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_174_174" id="Footnote_174_174"></a><a href="#FNanchor_174_174"><span class="label">[174]</span></a> Leigh's Choice Observations, p. 151.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_175_175" id="Footnote_175_175"></a><a href="#FNanchor_175_175"><span class="label">[175]</span></a> Churchill, in his Divi Britannici, gives a Lion +and a Griffin.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_176_176" id="Footnote_176_176"></a><a href="#FNanchor_176_176"><span class="label">[176]</span></a> Vide Camden's Remains.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_177_177" id="Footnote_177_177"></a><a href="#FNanchor_177_177"><span class="label">[177]</span></a> Chronicle, p. 693.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_178_178" id="Footnote_178_178"></a><a href="#FNanchor_178_178"><span class="label">[178]</span></a> Mortimer's Dictionary, in voce <em>Sacred</em>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_179_179" id="Footnote_179_179"></a><a href="#FNanchor_179_179"><span class="label">[179]</span></a> Mortimer's Dictionary.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_180_180" id="Footnote_180_180"></a><a href="#FNanchor_180_180"><span class="label">[180]</span></a> Platina.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_181_181" id="Footnote_181_181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_181_181"><span class="label">[181]</span></a> Bolingbroke, on the Study of History, p. 22.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_182_182" id="Footnote_182_182"></a><a href="#FNanchor_182_182"><span class="label">[182]</span></a> Obiit 1214. Query if not the same as Alphonsus +above?</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_183_183" id="Footnote_183_183"></a><a href="#FNanchor_183_183"><span class="label">[183]</span></a> Warton's History of English Poetry, p. 133.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_184_184" id="Footnote_184_184"></a><a href="#FNanchor_184_184"><span class="label">[184]</span></a> See the story at large in Granger, from Dr. +Charles Goodall's Works.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_185_185" id="Footnote_185_185"></a><a href="#FNanchor_185_185"><span class="label">[185]</span></a> See Mezeray. The name of this person was +Lancinet.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_186_186" id="Footnote_186_186"></a><a href="#FNanchor_186_186"><span class="label">[186]</span></a> Browne's "Adenochoiradelogia," 1684. See +hereafter, under Charles II.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_187_187" id="Footnote_187_187"></a><a href="#FNanchor_187_187"><span class="label">[187]</span></a> Davies, ii. 181.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_188_188" id="Footnote_188_188"></a><a href="#FNanchor_188_188"><span class="label">[188]</span></a> Louis XVI. of France went through this ceremony, +as appears from the Formule of his Coronation, +published at the time, A. D. 1775. Louis XV. +touched no less than 2000 persons, and Louis XIV. +upwards of 2500. +</p> +<p> +Gemelli(the famous Traveller) gives an account of +1600 persons being presented for this purpose to +Louis XIV. on Easter Sunday 1686. Every Frenchman +received 15 sous, and every Foreigner 30. +</p> +<p> +In "De mirabili Strumas Sanandi vi solis Galliæ +Regibus Christianissimis Divinitus concessa. Authore +Andreâ Laurentio, Regis Consiliario et Medico Primario, +1609," is a very curious Print, representing +King Henry IV. touching for the Evil; in which are +introduced many Patients and Officers of the Court. +</p> +<p> +The French confined their expression to the word +<em>Touch</em>, though we use the term <em>Heal</em>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_189_189" id="Footnote_189_189"></a><a href="#FNanchor_189_189"><span class="label">[189]</span></a> See Browne.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_190_190" id="Footnote_190_190"></a><a href="#FNanchor_190_190"><span class="label">[190]</span></a> Dr. Plot, in his Natural History of Oxfordshire, +c. 10, § 125, Plate 16, No. 5, gives a Drawing of the +Touch-piece, supposed to have been given by Edward +the Confessor. The ribbon, he says, was white.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_191_191" id="Footnote_191_191"></a><a href="#FNanchor_191_191"><span class="label">[191]</span></a> Stowe's Annals, p. 98.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_192_192" id="Footnote_192_192"></a><a href="#FNanchor_192_192"><span class="label">[192]</span></a> See the "Decem Scriptores."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_193_193" id="Footnote_193_193"></a><a href="#FNanchor_193_193"><span class="label">[193]</span></a> Mr. Browne likewise believes that several blind +persons were restored to sight by King Charles II.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_194_194" id="Footnote_194_194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_194_194"><span class="label">[194]</span></a> See Davies, ii. 180.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_195_195" id="Footnote_195_195"></a><a href="#FNanchor_195_195"><span class="label">[195]</span></a> Barnes's History, b. ii. ch. 7. sect. 5.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_196_196" id="Footnote_196_196"></a><a href="#FNanchor_196_196"><span class="label">[196]</span></a> Book iv. p. 154.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_197_197" id="Footnote_197_197"></a><a href="#FNanchor_197_197"><span class="label">[197]</span></a> Id. in eod.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_198_198" id="Footnote_198_198"></a><a href="#FNanchor_198_198"><span class="label">[198]</span></a> In the Ceremonial, the King crossed the Sore of +the Sick Person, with an <em>Angel-Noble</em>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_199_199" id="Footnote_199_199"></a><a href="#FNanchor_199_199"><span class="label">[199]</span></a> Polydore Vergil, p. 143. Basil edit 1546.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_200_200" id="Footnote_200_200"></a><a href="#FNanchor_200_200"><span class="label">[200]</span></a> The late truly venerable Bishop Percy.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_201_201" id="Footnote_201_201"></a><a href="#FNanchor_201_201"><span class="label">[201]</span></a> Notes to p. 334.—This Ceremony of consecrating +the <em>Cramp-Rings</em> will be added to this account +of the King's Evil. See Appendix, No. III.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_202_202" id="Footnote_202_202"></a><a href="#FNanchor_202_202"><span class="label">[202]</span></a> Fuller's Church History of Britain, book vii. +p. 425.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_203_203" id="Footnote_203_203"></a><a href="#FNanchor_203_203"><span class="label">[203]</span></a> Browne, book iii. p. 124.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_204_204" id="Footnote_204_204"></a><a href="#FNanchor_204_204"><span class="label">[204]</span></a> Browne in eod.; and Tooker's "Charisma," ch. 6.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_205_205" id="Footnote_205_205"></a><a href="#FNanchor_205_205"><span class="label">[205]</span></a> Strype's Annals, iv. p. 394.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_206_206" id="Footnote_206_206"></a><a href="#FNanchor_206_206"><span class="label">[206]</span></a> Davies, ii. 179.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_207_207" id="Footnote_207_207"></a><a href="#FNanchor_207_207"><span class="label">[207]</span></a> By a Proclamation, March 25, 1616, it appears +that the Kings of England would not permit patients +to approach them during the summer.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_208_208" id="Footnote_208_208"></a><a href="#FNanchor_208_208"><span class="label">[208]</span></a> The following interesting remarks on this subject +were communicated to Mr. Nichols, in 1781, by the +learned and very ingenious Dr. Aikin. "Though the +superstitious notions respecting the cure of the King's +Evil by the Touch of our English Kings are probably +at present entirely eradicated, it is still a curious and +not uninstructive object of enquiry, by what means +they were so long supported, and by what kind of evidence +they have been able to gain credit even in the +dawning of a more enlightened period. The testimony +of Richard Wiseman, Serjeant-Surgeon to King +Charles I. has been alleged as one of the strongest and +most unexceptionable in favour of the Touch. He +was a man of the greatest eminence in his profession; +and his Works (collected in a folio volume, intituled, +"Several Chirurgical Treatises, by Richard Wiseman, +Serjeant-Chirurgeon, 1676") bear all the marks of an +honest and upright disposition in their author. On the +subject of the Royal Touch he delivers himself in +the following strong and unequivocal terms: 'I myself +have been a frequent eye-witness of many hundreds +of cures performed by his Majesty's Touch alone, +without any assistance of Chirurgery; and those many +of them such as had tired out the endeavours of able +Chirurgeons before they came thither. It were endless +to recite what I myself have seen, and what I have +received acknowledgments of by letter, not only from +the several parts of the Nation, but also from Ireland, +Scotland, Jersey, and Guernsey.' The question which +will naturally arise upon this passage is, Did Wiseman +really believe what he asserted, or was he knowingly +promoting an imposture? Both suppositions have +their difficulties; yet both are in some degree probable. +His warm attachment to the Royal Family, and +early prejudices, might in some measure make his +faith preponderate against his judgment; and, on the +other hand, certain passages in his treatise necessarily +shew a consciousness of collusion and fraudulent pretensions. +It was his business, as Serjeant-surgeon, to +select such afflicted objects as were proper to be presented +for the Royal Touch. In the history of the +disease, relating its various states and appearances, he +says, 'Those which we present to his Majesty are +chiefly such as have this kind of tumour about the +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">musculus mastoideus</i>, or neck, with whatever other circumstances +they are accompanied; nor are we difficult +in admitting the thick-chapped upper lips, and eyes +affected with a <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">lippitudo;</i> in other cases we give our +judgment more warily.' Here is a selection of the +slightest cases, and a manifest doubt expressed concerning +the success in more inveterate ones. A little +below, observing that the <em>strumæ</em> will often be suppurated, +or resolved unexpectedly from accidental +ferments, he says, 'In case of the King's Touch, the +resolution doth often happen where our endeavours +have signified nothing; yea, the very <em>gummata;</em> insomuch +that I am cautious of predicting concerning +them (though they appear never so bad) till 14 days +be over.' From this we learn, that the Touch was by +no means infallible, and that the pretence of its succeeding +was not given up till a fortnight had passed +without any change for the better. Indeed it appears +very plain, that the worst kind of cases were seldom +or never offered the Touch; for in no disease does +Wiseman produce more observations from his practice +of difficult and dangerous chirurgical treatment, and +in not one of these did he call in the assistance of the +Royal Hand. It was indeed proposed in a single instance, +but under such circumstances as furnish a +stronger proof of imposture than any thing hitherto +related. A young gentlewoman had an obstinate scrophulous +tumour in the right side of the neck, under +the maxilla. Wiseman applied a large caustic to it, +brought it to suppuration, treated it with escharotics, +and cured it. 'About a year after,' he says, 'I saw +her again in town, and felt a small gland, of the bigness +of a lupin, lying lower on that side of the neck. +I would have persuaded her to admit of a resolvent +emplaster, and to be touched; but she did +not, as she said, believe it to be the King's Evil.' +Here, after allowing his patient to undergo a course +of very severe surgery, he is willing to trust the relics +of the disease to the Royal Touch, assisted by a resolving +plaster; but the complaint was now too trifling +to engage her attention. Surely the greatest opponent +of the Touch will not place it in a more contemptible +light!"</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_209_209" id="Footnote_209_209"></a><a href="#FNanchor_209_209"><span class="label">[209]</span></a> By a Proclamation, June 18, 1626, it is ordered, +that no one shall apply for this purpose, who does not +bring a certificate that he was never touched before; +a regulation which undoubtedly arose from some supposed +patients, who had attempted to receive the bit +of gold more than once.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_210_210" id="Footnote_210_210"></a><a href="#FNanchor_210_210"><span class="label">[210]</span></a> Rymer, tom, xviii. p. 118.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_211_211" id="Footnote_211_211"></a><a href="#FNanchor_211_211"><span class="label">[211]</span></a> Id. p. 1023.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_212_212" id="Footnote_212_212"></a><a href="#FNanchor_212_212"><span class="label">[212]</span></a> Browne, book iii. p. 135.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_213_213" id="Footnote_213_213"></a><a href="#FNanchor_213_213"><span class="label">[213]</span></a> Sir Kenelm Digby informed Mons. Monconys, +that if the person had lost the piece of gold, the complaint +immediately returned.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_214_214" id="Footnote_214_214"></a><a href="#FNanchor_214_214"><span class="label">[214]</span></a> Browne, book iii. p. 109.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_215_215" id="Footnote_215_215"></a><a href="#FNanchor_215_215"><span class="label">[215]</span></a> One of these is still preserved in a frame in the +Vestry of St. Martin's Church at Leicester, placed +there by the Rev. Samuel Carte, Vicar of that Parish, +and brother of Mr. Thomas Carte the Historian.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_216_216" id="Footnote_216_216"></a><a href="#FNanchor_216_216"><span class="label">[216]</span></a> Browne, book iii. p. 126.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_217_217" id="Footnote_217_217"></a><a href="#FNanchor_217_217"><span class="label">[217]</span></a> The Ceremony used in this Reign is given in the +Appendix, No. II.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_218_218" id="Footnote_218_218"></a><a href="#FNanchor_218_218"><span class="label">[218]</span></a> Observations on the Statutes.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_219_219" id="Footnote_219_219"></a><a href="#FNanchor_219_219"><span class="label">[219]</span></a> Published by Command of King Charles II.; and printed +by Henry Hills, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, +for his Household and Chapel, 1686.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_220_220" id="Footnote_220_220"></a><a href="#FNanchor_220_220"><span class="label">[220]</span></a> "Ritualia Varia," in the British Museum.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_221_221" id="Footnote_221_221"></a><a href="#FNanchor_221_221"><span class="label">[221]</span></a> A corruption of Burghwash, a little Village in +Sussex, on the River Rother. See Camden's Brit.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_222_222" id="Footnote_222_222"></a><a href="#FNanchor_222_222"><span class="label">[222]</span></a> The Ancestor of this Family was Thomas Wentworth, +<em>Earl of Cleveland;</em> which Title became extinct, +for want of Male Issue, 1667. The Barony passed as +above.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_223_223" id="Footnote_223_223"></a><a href="#FNanchor_223_223"><span class="label">[223]</span></a> See Collins's Baronage, i. 267, 272.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_224_224" id="Footnote_224_224"></a><a href="#FNanchor_224_224"><span class="label">[224]</span></a> See Camden's Britannia, col. 112.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_225_225" id="Footnote_225_225"></a><a href="#FNanchor_225_225"><span class="label">[225]</span></a> See Camden, for the words of the Patent.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_226_226" id="Footnote_226_226"></a><a href="#FNanchor_226_226"><span class="label">[226]</span></a> Clendon is the Seat of the Family in Surrey.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_227_227" id="Footnote_227_227"></a><a href="#FNanchor_227_227"><span class="label">[227]</span></a> See Camden's Brit. col. 182, as to the Family.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_228_228" id="Footnote_228_228"></a><a href="#FNanchor_228_228"><span class="label">[228]</span></a> Dale's Catalogue of the Nobility, 1697, p. 72.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_229_229" id="Footnote_229_229"></a><a href="#FNanchor_229_229"><span class="label">[229]</span></a> Pennant's London, fourth edition, p. 346.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_230_230" id="Footnote_230_230"></a><a href="#FNanchor_230_230"><span class="label">[230]</span></a> Pennant's Tour in North Wales, vol. II. p. 436.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_231_231" id="Footnote_231_231"></a><a href="#FNanchor_231_231"><span class="label">[231]</span></a> The Barony of Herbert of Cherbury was revived +in this Branch in 1743.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_232_232" id="Footnote_232_232"></a><a href="#FNanchor_232_232"><span class="label">[232]</span></a> Collins's Peerage.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_233_233" id="Footnote_233_233"></a><a href="#FNanchor_233_233"><span class="label">[233]</span></a> Tour in North Wales, vol. II. p. 439, 4to.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_234_234" id="Footnote_234_234"></a><a href="#FNanchor_234_234"><span class="label">[234]</span></a> Pennant's Journey from Chester to London, 4to, +1782, p. 127.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_235_235" id="Footnote_235_235"></a><a href="#FNanchor_235_235"><span class="label">[235]</span></a> The Marquisate of Dorchester, which was in the +late Dukes of Kingston, was from Dorchester, Dorset.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_236_236" id="Footnote_236_236"></a><a href="#FNanchor_236_236"><span class="label">[236]</span></a> Sir Michael Stanhope, of Harington in Northamptonshire, +was the common Ancestor of the +Earls of Chesterfield and of Harrington; as also of +Earl Stanhope.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_237_237" id="Footnote_237_237"></a><a href="#FNanchor_237_237"><span class="label">[237]</span></a> At Petersham was a Villa belonging to the Earl +of Rochester, which was burnt down in 1721; after +which the Earl of Harrington possessed and took it +for his second Title in 1742.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_238_238" id="Footnote_238_238"></a><a href="#FNanchor_238_238"><span class="label">[238]</span></a> Camden, col. 57.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_239_239" id="Footnote_239_239"></a><a href="#FNanchor_239_239"><span class="label">[239]</span></a> Pennant's Journey from Chester, 1782, p. 19.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_240_240" id="Footnote_240_240"></a><a href="#FNanchor_240_240"><span class="label">[240]</span></a> Pennant's Tour in North Wales, 1778, p. 125.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_241_241" id="Footnote_241_241"></a><a href="#FNanchor_241_241"><span class="label">[241]</span></a> Collins's Peerage, 1779.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_242_242" id="Footnote_242_242"></a><a href="#FNanchor_242_242"><span class="label">[242]</span></a> See Cavendish's Life of Wolsey. Collins's Collections.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_243_243" id="Footnote_243_243"></a><a href="#FNanchor_243_243"><span class="label">[243]</span></a> Bibl. Top. Brit. vol. VI. No XV. from D'Ewes's +MS Journal in the British Museum.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_244_244" id="Footnote_244_244"></a><a href="#FNanchor_244_244"><span class="label">[244]</span></a> Kelham's Key to Domesday Book, p. 35.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_245_245" id="Footnote_245_245"></a><a href="#FNanchor_245_245"><span class="label">[245]</span></a> Vincent on Brooke.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_246_246" id="Footnote_246_246"></a><a href="#FNanchor_246_246"><span class="label">[246]</span></a> Camden's Britannia, col. 85.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_247_247" id="Footnote_247_247"></a><a href="#FNanchor_247_247"><span class="label">[247]</span></a> Ibid. col. 21.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_248_248" id="Footnote_248_248"></a><a href="#FNanchor_248_248"><span class="label">[248]</span></a> Pennant's Journey from Chester, p. 129.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_249_249" id="Footnote_249_249"></a><a href="#FNanchor_249_249"><span class="label">[249]</span></a> Camden's Britannia, col. 72.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_250_250" id="Footnote_250_250"></a><a href="#FNanchor_250_250"><span class="label">[250]</span></a> Collins, in his Peerage 1735, says, that <em>Hamlake</em> +is the same as <em>Hemsley</em> in Yorkshire (North Riding).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_251_251" id="Footnote_251_251"></a><a href="#FNanchor_251_251"><span class="label">[251]</span></a> See Camden's Britannia, col. 315.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_252_252" id="Footnote_252_252"></a><a href="#FNanchor_252_252"><span class="label">[252]</span></a> There were two Barons of this Title existing at +the same time; <em>viz.</em> Lord Dacre of the North, and +Lord Dacre of the South. Both at length centered in +Barrett-Leonard Lord Dacre.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_253_253" id="Footnote_253_253"></a><a href="#FNanchor_253_253"><span class="label">[253]</span></a> See Camden's Britannia, col. 14.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_254_254" id="Footnote_254_254"></a><a href="#FNanchor_254_254"><span class="label">[254]</span></a> On the death of Francis Earl of Godolphin, 1766, +the Barony devolved to Francis, his first cousin; and +on his death, in 1785, became extinct.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_255_255" id="Footnote_255_255"></a><a href="#FNanchor_255_255"><span class="label">[255]</span></a> See Peerage, 1711, vol. II.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_256_256" id="Footnote_256_256"></a><a href="#FNanchor_256_256"><span class="label">[256]</span></a> For other circumstances see Mr. Pennant's Tour +in North Wales, vol. I. p. 105; and vol. II. p. 187, in +the corrections and additions to vol. I.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_257_257" id="Footnote_257_257"></a><a href="#FNanchor_257_257"><span class="label">[257]</span></a> The Barony was conferred upon Sir Thomas +Egerton by Creation in 1784, notwithstanding his +claim by Descent.—His Lordship was in 1801 advanced +to the Titles of Viscount Grey de Wilton, +and Earl of Wilton.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_258_258" id="Footnote_258_258"></a><a href="#FNanchor_258_258"><span class="label">[258]</span></a> See Tanner's Notitia.—The name is written +<em>Ridvers</em>, alias <em>Redvers</em>, in Camden's Brit. col. 156.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_259_259" id="Footnote_259_259"></a><a href="#FNanchor_259_259"><span class="label">[259]</span></a> East-Bourne Guide, p. 73.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_260_260" id="Footnote_260_260"></a><a href="#FNanchor_260_260"><span class="label">[260]</span></a> The Baroness had taken the Name and Arms of +De Cardonel on the death of her Mother in 1787. The +Barony of Talbot, on the Earl's death, passed to his +Nephew, though the Earldom became extinct, but +was afterwards revived.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_261_261" id="Footnote_261_261"></a><a href="#FNanchor_261_261"><span class="label">[261]</span></a> See Collins's Collections.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_262_262" id="Footnote_262_262"></a><a href="#FNanchor_262_262"><span class="label">[262]</span></a> Consult Sandford, &c. for his Armorial Bearings.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_263_263" id="Footnote_263_263"></a><a href="#FNanchor_263_263"><span class="label">[263]</span></a> Stowe's History of London, Book iii. p. 239.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_264_264" id="Footnote_264_264"></a><a href="#FNanchor_264_264"><span class="label">[264]</span></a> By William Sacheverell, Esq. late Governor of +the Island, printed at London, 1702.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_265_265" id="Footnote_265_265"></a><a href="#FNanchor_265_265"><span class="label">[265]</span></a> <em>i. e.</em> Two Falcons. Dugdale's Baronage.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_266_266" id="Footnote_266_266"></a><a href="#FNanchor_266_266"><span class="label">[266]</span></a> Baronage, vol. II. p. 257.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_267_267" id="Footnote_267_267"></a><a href="#FNanchor_267_267"><span class="label">[267]</span></a> Brady's History of England, General Preface, p. 50.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_268_268" id="Footnote_268_268"></a><a href="#FNanchor_268_268"><span class="label">[268]</span></a> Brady's Preface to the Norman History, p. 150.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_269_269" id="Footnote_269_269"></a><a href="#FNanchor_269_269"><span class="label">[269]</span></a> See Blount's Dict.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_270_270" id="Footnote_270_270"></a><a href="#FNanchor_270_270"><span class="label">[270]</span></a> Brady's Hist. p. 415.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_271_271" id="Footnote_271_271"></a><a href="#FNanchor_271_271"><span class="label">[271]</span></a> Sacheverell's History of the Island, p. 2.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_272_272" id="Footnote_272_272"></a><a href="#FNanchor_272_272"><span class="label">[272]</span></a> Manwood's Forest Laws.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_273_273" id="Footnote_273_273"></a><a href="#FNanchor_273_273"><span class="label">[273]</span></a> Pennant's Tour, p. 158.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_274_274" id="Footnote_274_274"></a><a href="#FNanchor_274_274"><span class="label">[274]</span></a> Ibid. p. 124.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_275_275" id="Footnote_275_275"></a><a href="#FNanchor_275_275"><span class="label">[275]</span></a> Hasted's History of Kent.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_276_276" id="Footnote_276_276"></a><a href="#FNanchor_276_276"><span class="label">[276]</span></a> Ex inform. Dom. Gul. Fitzherbert, Baronetti.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_277_277" id="Footnote_277_277"></a><a href="#FNanchor_277_277"><span class="label">[277]</span></a> Itinerary, VI. 52.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_278_278" id="Footnote_278_278"></a><a href="#FNanchor_278_278"><span class="label">[278]</span></a> Britannia, col. 35.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_279_279" id="Footnote_279_279"></a><a href="#FNanchor_279_279"><span class="label">[279]</span></a> See Collins's Peerage, 1779, art. <em>Lovel and Holland</em>.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_280_280" id="Footnote_280_280"></a><a href="#FNanchor_280_280"><span class="label">[280]</span></a> So Shakspeare has it.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_281_281" id="Footnote_281_281"></a><a href="#FNanchor_281_281"><span class="label">[281]</span></a> For both the places see Spelman's Villare.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_282_282" id="Footnote_282_282"></a><a href="#FNanchor_282_282"><span class="label">[282]</span></a> The Glossary to Douglas's Virgil adduces the +Term from the Anglo-Saxon <em>Slegan</em>, interficere.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_283_283" id="Footnote_283_283"></a><a href="#FNanchor_283_283"><span class="label">[283]</span></a> Nisbet's Cadencies, p. 178.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_284_284" id="Footnote_284_284"></a><a href="#FNanchor_284_284"><span class="label">[284]</span></a> Idem, p, 208.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_285_285" id="Footnote_285_285"></a><a href="#FNanchor_285_285"><span class="label">[285]</span></a> Nisbet, Armories, p. 199.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_286_286" id="Footnote_286_286"></a><a href="#FNanchor_286_286"><span class="label">[286]</span></a> Nisbet, Armories, p. 203.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_287_287" id="Footnote_287_287"></a><a href="#FNanchor_287_287"><span class="label">[287]</span></a> Douglas's Peerage, p. 547. The Scottish Writers +give different Derivations of the Name of Drummond, +not to our present purpose; though all seem to agree +as to the reason of the Armorial Bearing of the Family. +See the Works of Drummond of Hawthornden.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_288_288" id="Footnote_288_288"></a><a href="#FNanchor_288_288"><span class="label">[288]</span></a> Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 191.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_289_289" id="Footnote_289_289"></a><a href="#FNanchor_289_289"><span class="label">[289]</span></a> Ibid. p. 200.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_290_290" id="Footnote_290_290"></a><a href="#FNanchor_290_290"><span class="label">[290]</span></a> Nisbet, p. 147. See also Hume's History, ch. xiii.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_291_291" id="Footnote_291_291"></a><a href="#FNanchor_291_291"><span class="label">[291]</span></a> Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 33.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_292_292" id="Footnote_292_292"></a><a href="#FNanchor_292_292"><span class="label">[292]</span></a> Cadencies, p. 196.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_293_293" id="Footnote_293_293"></a><a href="#FNanchor_293_293"><span class="label">[293]</span></a> Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 202.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_294_294" id="Footnote_294_294"></a><a href="#FNanchor_294_294"><span class="label">[294]</span></a> Idem, p. 203.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_295_295" id="Footnote_295_295"></a><a href="#FNanchor_295_295"><span class="label">[295]</span></a> Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 196.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_296_296" id="Footnote_296_296"></a><a href="#FNanchor_296_296"><span class="label">[296]</span></a> See Nisbet's Armories.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_297_297" id="Footnote_297_297"></a><a href="#FNanchor_297_297"><span class="label">[297]</span></a> Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 195.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_298_298" id="Footnote_298_298"></a><a href="#FNanchor_298_298"><span class="label">[298]</span></a> Marks of Cadency, p. 199.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_299_299" id="Footnote_299_299"></a><a href="#FNanchor_299_299"><span class="label">[299]</span></a> Nisbet's Cadencies, pp. 91, 92.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_300_300" id="Footnote_300_300"></a><a href="#FNanchor_300_300"><span class="label">[300]</span></a> This Bearing is of late introduction, as alluding to +the Name; for those of the Name anciently gave for +Arms "Gules, a Fess Ermine;" and another Branch +gave "Argent, Three Stags' Heads erased Gules." +[Nisbet]. Crawfurd of Cloverhill has a still stronger +relation both to the Name and to his Seat; for to the +original Bearing he adds Three Crows; for Crest has +a Garb (or Wheatsheaf); and for Motto, "God feeds +the Crows." Id. p. 57.—Like the Motto of our +Corbet, "Deus pascit Corvos."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_301_301" id="Footnote_301_301"></a><a href="#FNanchor_301_301"><span class="label">[301]</span></a> Buchanan.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_302_302" id="Footnote_302_302"></a><a href="#FNanchor_302_302"><span class="label">[302]</span></a> See Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 138.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_303_303" id="Footnote_303_303"></a><a href="#FNanchor_303_303"><span class="label">[303]</span></a> Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 414, 415.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_304_304" id="Footnote_304_304"></a><a href="#FNanchor_304_304"><span class="label">[304]</span></a> See Memoirs of Ker of Kersland.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_305_305" id="Footnote_305_305"></a><a href="#FNanchor_305_305"><span class="label">[305]</span></a> Becket's Murderers were Four Barons, and +Knights, no doubt, of course; <em>viz.</em> Reginald Fitz-Urse, +William de Tracy, Hugh de Morville, and Richard +Breto. [Consult Lord Lyttelton and his Authorities.]</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_306_306" id="Footnote_306_306"></a><a href="#FNanchor_306_306"><span class="label">[306]</span></a> Peerage of Scotland, 1767, octavo.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_307_307" id="Footnote_307_307"></a><a href="#FNanchor_307_307"><span class="label">[307]</span></a> Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 146.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_308_308" id="Footnote_308_308"></a><a href="#FNanchor_308_308"><span class="label">[308]</span></a> Crawfurd's Peerage, in Duke of Hamilton. Buchanan, +vol. I. p. 332, 333. Dr. Abercrombie, however, +gives us reasons to doubt that this was the +first introduction of the name of Hamilton into Scotland: +though that is not material, if it was the occasion +which introduced the <em>Motto</em>. This has no apparent +connexion with the Crest or Arms, and is therefore, +more conclusive. Query as to the Crest?</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_309_309" id="Footnote_309_309"></a><a href="#FNanchor_309_309"><span class="label">[309]</span></a> Crawfurd's Peerage.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_310_310" id="Footnote_310_310"></a><a href="#FNanchor_310_310"><span class="label">[310]</span></a> Nisbet's Cadencies, p. 192. See also Douglas's +Peerage.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_311_311" id="Footnote_311_311"></a><a href="#FNanchor_311_311"><span class="label">[311]</span></a> Douglas's Peerage, in the Arms.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_312_312" id="Footnote_312_312"></a><a href="#FNanchor_312_312"><span class="label">[312]</span></a> Nisbet's Heraldry, vol. I. p. 145.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_313_313" id="Footnote_313_313"></a><a href="#FNanchor_313_313"><span class="label">[313]</span></a> Nisbet's Heraldry.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_314_314" id="Footnote_314_314"></a><a href="#FNanchor_314_314"><span class="label">[314]</span></a> In rude times, such as those were of which we +have been speaking, it was accounted an action of no +small valour to kill so fierce an animal as a <em>Wild Boar</em>; +being attended with considerable personal danger, for +want of such weapons, offensive and defensive, as +we have at present. On this account I may be excused +bringing forward a parallel honour attending a +circumstance of this sort, though I fetch it from the +Hottentots, a people to whose very name we seem to +have falsely annexed ideas, far from the truth, of every +thing below the dignity of human nature, and placed +them but one degree above the brute creation. On +the contrary, they are represented by Kolben, who +had opportunities of personal intercourse with them, +and was well qualified to observe and reason upon +what he saw, as a people much wronged by our unfavourable +opinions of them. But to the point: their +country appears to be, from its situation, exceedingly +exposed to the incursions of the fiercest of beasts, +lions and tigers; insomuch that a Hottentot who kills +one of these animals with his own hand is <em>deified</em>, and +his person held sacred ever after.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_315_315" id="Footnote_315_315"></a><a href="#FNanchor_315_315"><span class="label">[315]</span></a> Douglas's Peerage, p. 295.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_316_316" id="Footnote_316_316"></a><a href="#FNanchor_316_316"><span class="label">[316]</span></a> Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 327.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_317_317" id="Footnote_317_317"></a><a href="#FNanchor_317_317"><span class="label">[317]</span></a> Gibbon's Introd. ad Latinam Blazoniam. See also +Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 316.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_318_318" id="Footnote_318_318"></a><a href="#FNanchor_318_318"><span class="label">[318]</span></a> Crawfurd's Peerage.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_319_319" id="Footnote_319_319"></a><a href="#FNanchor_319_319"><span class="label">[319]</span></a> Ibid.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_320_320" id="Footnote_320_320"></a><a href="#FNanchor_320_320"><span class="label">[320]</span></a> Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 217.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_321_321" id="Footnote_321_321"></a><a href="#FNanchor_321_321"><span class="label">[321]</span></a> Crawfurd's Peerage.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_322_322" id="Footnote_322_322"></a><a href="#FNanchor_322_322"><span class="label">[322]</span></a> System of Heraldry, p. 154.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_323_323" id="Footnote_323_323"></a><a href="#FNanchor_323_323"><span class="label">[323]</span></a> Drake's Hist. Ang. Scot.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_324_324" id="Footnote_324_324"></a><a href="#FNanchor_324_324"><span class="label">[324]</span></a> Buchanan's History, Book xiii. p. 26.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_325_325" id="Footnote_325_325"></a><a href="#FNanchor_325_325"><span class="label">[325]</span></a> Holinshed's Chronicle.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_326_326" id="Footnote_326_326"></a><a href="#FNanchor_326_326"><span class="label">[326]</span></a> Act v. Sc. iv.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_327_327" id="Footnote_327_327"></a><a href="#FNanchor_327_327"><span class="label">[327]</span></a> Nisbet's Heraldry, p. 154.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_328_328" id="Footnote_328_328"></a><a href="#FNanchor_328_328"><span class="label">[328]</span></a> The traditional Family History of this Motto is, +that a Countess of Rothes (then Head of the House in +her own right), riding behind a servant through a dangerous +ford, had nearly lost her seat from fear; when +the man, encouraging her by the words "<em>Gryp Fast</em>," +the Countess took the advice, was rescued from imminent +danger, and her life preserved. This account +of the origin of the Motto was given by one of the +Family to a Friend of mine; but how far it may gain +credit I do not determine.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_329_329" id="Footnote_329_329"></a><a href="#FNanchor_329_329"><span class="label">[329]</span></a> Nisbet's Heraldry, vol. i. p. 96.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_330_330" id="Footnote_330_330"></a><a href="#FNanchor_330_330"><span class="label">[330]</span></a> Nisbet's Heraldry, vol. I. ubi supra.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_331_331" id="Footnote_331_331"></a><a href="#FNanchor_331_331"><span class="label">[331]</span></a> Nisbet's Cadencies, pp. 158, 159.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_332_332" id="Footnote_332_332"></a><a href="#FNanchor_332_332"><span class="label">[332]</span></a> See Nisbet's Heraldry.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_333_333" id="Footnote_333_333"></a><a href="#FNanchor_333_333"><span class="label">[333]</span></a> I owe this observation to my noble Friend, and +kind Correspondent, Lord Dacre.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_334_334" id="Footnote_334_334"></a><a href="#FNanchor_334_334"><span class="label">[334]</span></a> So <em>Douglas</em> means White Man. See "Armories."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_335_335" id="Footnote_335_335"></a><a href="#FNanchor_335_335"><span class="label">[335]</span></a> Douglas, p. 373.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_336_336" id="Footnote_336_336"></a><a href="#FNanchor_336_336"><span class="label">[336]</span></a> Merchant of Venice</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_337_337" id="Footnote_337_337"></a><a href="#FNanchor_337_337"><span class="label">[337]</span></a> He cites Lib. S. Mariæ Aborum.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_338_338" id="Footnote_338_338"></a><a href="#FNanchor_338_338"><span class="label">[338]</span></a> Survey of London and Westminster, book i.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_339_339" id="Footnote_339_339"></a><a href="#FNanchor_339_339"><span class="label">[339]</span></a> Orig. Ital.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_340_340" id="Footnote_340_340"></a><a href="#FNanchor_340_340"><span class="label">[340]</span></a> Appendix to Menage, Orig. Fr.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_341_341" id="Footnote_341_341"></a><a href="#FNanchor_341_341"><span class="label">[341]</span></a> Chariot—v. Carruca in Du Cange. Used in France +at the end of the Reign of Francis I. and Henry II</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_342_342" id="Footnote_342_342"></a><a href="#FNanchor_342_342"><span class="label">[342]</span></a> Richelet.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_343_343" id="Footnote_343_343"></a><a href="#FNanchor_343_343"><span class="label">[343]</span></a> Memoirs of the House of Brandenburg, p. 222.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_344_344" id="Footnote_344_344"></a><a href="#FNanchor_344_344"><span class="label">[344]</span></a> Memoirs, p. 221.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_345_345" id="Footnote_345_345"></a><a href="#FNanchor_345_345"><span class="label">[345]</span></a> Nichols's Preface to Queen Elizabeth's Progresses, +p. xxiii.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_346_346" id="Footnote_346_346"></a><a href="#FNanchor_346_346"><span class="label">[346]</span></a> Camden's Elizabeth.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_347_347" id="Footnote_347_347"></a><a href="#FNanchor_347_347"><span class="label">[347]</span></a> Biographical History of England, I. 193, 8vo.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_348_348" id="Footnote_348_348"></a><a href="#FNanchor_348_348"><span class="label">[348]</span></a> Chronicle, p. 867. This Coachman's Wife had +also the honour of introducing the Art of Starching +Cambric and Lawn, and was the first Starcher the +Queen had. Idem in eod.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_349_349" id="Footnote_349_349"></a><a href="#FNanchor_349_349"><span class="label">[349]</span></a> I must here stop a moment to relate an Anecdote +of the late Right Honourable Arthur Onslow, +when Speaker of the House of Commons, whose ideas +of travelling did not exceed the expedition of a pair +of horses tugging his own lumbering State Coach. +King George II. died on Saturday morning early, +October 25, 1760. The Duke of Devonshire (then at +Chatsworth) was Lord Chamberlain; and the Duke +of Rutland (then at Belvoir Castle) was Lord Steward. +Expresses were dispatched to these great Officers, +among others, immediately; and the Duke of Devonshire +arrived in Town on the Monday evening, +though the distance was 150 miles. Tuesday and +Wednesday came, but without the Lord Steward, to +the utter astonishment of the Speaker, who knew that +his distance from the Metropolis was not so great as +that of the Duke of Devonshire, who had arrived on +the Monday. "But I am told," cried he, "that his +Grace of Devonshire travels at a prodigious rate; not +less than <em>50 miles a day</em>!" Such was the prejudice of +ideas, confirmed by long habitude, in a man who never +extended his journeys further than his Seat in Surrey, +a few miles from London; and in Parliament time did +little more than oscillate between his Town House and +the House of Commons.—It was a misconception on +the part of the Duke of Rutland, who understood that +the King of Prussia was dead, and not King George II. +I mention the circumstance, only to shew the ignorance +of some parts of mankind, when taken out of +their routine.—The Duke of Devonshire at that time +usually ran to or from Chatsworth in about 18 or 20 +hours.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_350_350" id="Footnote_350_350"></a><a href="#FNanchor_350_350"><span class="label">[350]</span></a> See the French Lexicographers.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_351_351" id="Footnote_351_351"></a><a href="#FNanchor_351_351"><span class="label">[351]</span></a> Northumberland Household Book, p. 127.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_352_352" id="Footnote_352_352"></a><a href="#FNanchor_352_352"><span class="label">[352]</span></a> The Romaunt of the Rose.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_353_353" id="Footnote_353_353"></a><a href="#FNanchor_353_353"><span class="label">[353]</span></a> Love's Labour's Lost, Act ii. Sc. 2.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_354_354" id="Footnote_354_354"></a><a href="#FNanchor_354_354"><span class="label">[354]</span></a> Mortimer's Pocket Dictionary.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_355_355" id="Footnote_355_355"></a><a href="#FNanchor_355_355"><span class="label">[355]</span></a> About the same period that our Hackney Coaches +became in use, a sort of Carriage arose at Paris under +the name of a <em>Fiacre</em>. I mention them to account for +the term, which in the common French Dictionaries +is simply rendered a Hackney Coach.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_356_356" id="Footnote_356_356"></a><a href="#FNanchor_356_356"><span class="label">[356]</span></a> Voc. <em>Fiacre</em>. See also Menage, Orig. de la +Langue Françoise.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_357_357" id="Footnote_357_357"></a><a href="#FNanchor_357_357"><span class="label">[357]</span></a> English Martyrology. Moreri's Dictionary. +Collyer. St. Fiacre was the Patron Saint of persons +afflicted with the <em>Piles</em>. "The Troops of Henry V. +are said to have pillaged the Chapel of the Highland +Saint; who, in revenge, assisted his Countrymen in +the French Service to defeat the English at Bauge; +and afterwards afflicted Henry with the <em>Piles</em>, of which +he died. This Prince complained, that he was not +only plagued by the living Scots, but even persecuted +by those who were dead." Smollett's Travels, +Letter IV. +</p> +<p> +N. B. There was a Prelate of the name <em>Fiachre</em> in +Ireland, whose death is remembered there on the 8th +of February. He lived about the same time. [British +Piety, in the Supplement]. He was not a Saint.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_358_358" id="Footnote_358_358"></a><a href="#FNanchor_358_358"><span class="label">[358]</span></a> It is a little singular, that neither Cotgrave himself, +in his Dictionary, first published in 1611, nor his +Editor, James Howell, either in his Edition of 1650, +or in that of 1673, take any notice of the word <em>Fiacre</em> +in the sense before us.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_359_359" id="Footnote_359_359"></a><a href="#FNanchor_359_359"><span class="label">[359]</span></a> Anderson on Commerce, II. 20.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_360_360" id="Footnote_360_360"></a><a href="#FNanchor_360_360"><span class="label">[360]</span></a> Rymer, tom. XIX. p. 721.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_361_361" id="Footnote_361_361"></a><a href="#FNanchor_361_361"><span class="label">[361]</span></a> He was knighted, together with fourteen other +Gentlemen of the Band, by King James, in Scotland, +1617; as appears from a Catalogue of Knights, published +by J. P. Esq. 1660.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_362_362" id="Footnote_362_362"></a><a href="#FNanchor_362_362"><span class="label">[362]</span></a> Rymer, tom. XIX. p. 572.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_363_363" id="Footnote_363_363"></a><a href="#FNanchor_363_363"><span class="label">[363]</span></a> Mr. Reed, the Editor of the Old Plays [2d Edit. +1780], from the above account, must therefore certainly +be in an error, when he supposes that <em>Sedan Chairs</em> +were the introduction of the Duke of Buckingham, +about the year 1619. [See Note to vol. V. p. 475.] +<em>Sedan</em>—mentioned by the name only in the Life of +Dr. Thomas Fuller, 1661, 18mo. p. 57.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_364_364" id="Footnote_364_364"></a><a href="#FNanchor_364_364"><span class="label">[364]</span></a> Rymer, tom. XX. fol. 159.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_365_365" id="Footnote_365_365"></a><a href="#FNanchor_365_365"><span class="label">[365]</span></a> Anderson says <em>three hundred</em>, but that must be an +error; for the Docquet of the Act in Scobel says, +that "the number of persons keeping Hackney +Coaches shall not at one time exceed <em>two hundred</em>." +This must apply to the number of Carriages; and so +Sir William Blackstone understood it. Commentaries, +vol. I, 4to.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_366_366" id="Footnote_366_366"></a><a href="#FNanchor_366_366"><span class="label">[366]</span></a> See the Act in the Statute Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_367_367" id="Footnote_367_367"></a><a href="#FNanchor_367_367"><span class="label">[367]</span></a> Anderson, II. 115. Journals of the House of +Commons. Blackstone.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_368_368" id="Footnote_368_368"></a><a href="#FNanchor_368_368"><span class="label">[368]</span></a> By Monthly Payments.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_369_369" id="Footnote_369_369"></a><a href="#FNanchor_369_369"><span class="label">[369]</span></a> The Figures of the Chairs are too small and inconspicuous; +there should be one both on the outside +and inside of each.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_370_370" id="Footnote_370_370"></a><a href="#FNanchor_370_370"><span class="label">[370]</span></a> By Quarterly Payments. Thus the Power of the +Commissioners over the Chairs arose before that over +the Coaches.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_371_371" id="Footnote_371_371"></a><a href="#FNanchor_371_371"><span class="label">[371]</span></a> Some Lawsuits having arisen from this Clause, +it was explained by a short Act of the 12th year of the +Queen (1713), subjecting such <em>Widows</em> to the same +Rules, Penalties, &c. made, or to be made, as any +acting Chairman. And thus it continues to this day; +for the owner of a <em>Figure</em>, as it is called, is answerable +for certain faults of his or her assignee.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_372_372" id="Footnote_372_372"></a><a href="#FNanchor_372_372"><span class="label">[372]</span></a> Turned afterwards into a mulct.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_373_373" id="Footnote_373_373"></a><a href="#FNanchor_373_373"><span class="label">[373]</span></a> Restrained by a subsequent Act.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_374_374" id="Footnote_374_374"></a><a href="#FNanchor_374_374"><span class="label">[374]</span></a> The MS here ends abruptly.—On the subject of +Chairs, however, see Acts 3 Geo. I. chap. 7; 16 Geo. II. +chap. 26; 20 Geo. II. chap. 10; 30 Geo. II. chap. 22; +33 Geo. II. chap. 25.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_375_375" id="Footnote_375_375"></a><a href="#FNanchor_375_375"><span class="label">[375]</span></a> See Walpole's Royal and Noble Authors, vol. i. +p. 131. So Shakspeare, Richard II. act v. sc. 2.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_376_376" id="Footnote_376_376"></a><a href="#FNanchor_376_376"><span class="label">[376]</span></a> Mistress of the <em>Sweet</em>-Coffers, occurs in the Old +Establishments. The present Queen (Charlotte) has +her Gloves kept in a <em>perfumed</em> box.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_377_377" id="Footnote_377_377"></a><a href="#FNanchor_377_377"><span class="label">[377]</span></a> See "The Life of Corinna," or Mrs. Elizabeth +Thomas, Jun. Printed in 1731.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_378_378" id="Footnote_378_378"></a><a href="#FNanchor_378_378"><span class="label">[378]</span></a> Mr. Snetzler.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_379_379" id="Footnote_379_379"></a><a href="#FNanchor_379_379"><span class="label">[379]</span></a> Cowell's Interpreter. See also Blount's Glossary, +in voce.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_380_380" id="Footnote_380_380"></a><a href="#FNanchor_380_380"><span class="label">[380]</span></a> The Executions, on ordinary occasions, were removed +from this memorable place, and were performed +in the street of the Old Bailey, at the door of +Newgate. This was first practised on the 9th of December +1783. See the printed account. Every of +these Executions, I was told by Mr. Reed, 1785, is attended +with an expence of upwards of nine pounds. +Twenty persons were hanged at once in February +1785.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_381_381" id="Footnote_381_381"></a><a href="#FNanchor_381_381"><span class="label">[381]</span></a> Madox's History of the Exchequer, ii. p. 373.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_382_382" id="Footnote_382_382"></a><a href="#FNanchor_382_382"><span class="label">[382]</span></a> Vol. ii. p. 399.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_383_383" id="Footnote_383_383"></a><a href="#FNanchor_383_383"><span class="label">[383]</span></a> These Arms actually appear in Edmondson's +Body of Heraldry, annexed to the name of <em>Brandon</em>, +<em>viz</em>. the Arms of Arragon with a difference, and the +Arms of Brabant in a Canton.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_384_384" id="Footnote_384_384"></a><a href="#FNanchor_384_384"><span class="label">[384]</span></a> Act ii. sc. 1.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_385_385" id="Footnote_385_385"></a><a href="#FNanchor_385_385"><span class="label">[385]</span></a> Vol. ii. p. 163.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_386_386" id="Footnote_386_386"></a><a href="#FNanchor_386_386"><span class="label">[386]</span></a> The Hangman was known by the name of <em>Gregory</em> +in the year 1642, as we learn from the Mercurius +Aulicus, p. 553.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_387_387" id="Footnote_387_387"></a><a href="#FNanchor_387_387"><span class="label">[387]</span></a> History of London, vol. II. p. 74.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_388_388" id="Footnote_388_388"></a><a href="#FNanchor_388_388"><span class="label">[388]</span></a> Rapin. See also Bale's Life and Trial of Sir +John Oldcastle. St. Giles's was then an independent +Village, and is still called St. Giles's in the Fields, to +distinguish it from St. Giles's, Cripplegate; being both +in the same Diocese.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_389_389" id="Footnote_389_389"></a><a href="#FNanchor_389_389"><span class="label">[389]</span></a> Mr. Ray, in his Itinerary, gives the Fractional +Parts of the Scottish Penny.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_390_390" id="Footnote_390_390"></a><a href="#FNanchor_390_390"><span class="label">[390]</span></a> The Proclamation may be seen in Strype's Annals, +vol. IV. p. 384; where the Mark-Piece is valued +exactly at Thirteen Pence Halfpenny.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_391_391" id="Footnote_391_391"></a><a href="#FNanchor_391_391"><span class="label">[391]</span></a> Coriolanus, Act i. Sc. 8.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_392_392" id="Footnote_392_392"></a><a href="#FNanchor_392_392"><span class="label">[392]</span></a> More's Life of Sir Thomas More, p. 271.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_393_393" id="Footnote_393_393"></a><a href="#FNanchor_393_393"><span class="label">[393]</span></a> Stat. 13 Edward I.</p></div></div> + + +<hr class="chap" /> + +<div class="tn"><h3>Transcriber's note:</h3> +<p>Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note. Irregularities and inconsistencies in the text have been retained as printed.</p> + +<p>The illustrations have been moved so that they do not break up paragraphs.</p> + +<p>Mismatched quotes are not fixed if it's not sufficiently clear where the missing quote should be placed.</p> + +<p>The cover for the eBook version of this book was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> + +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Curialia Miscellanea, or Anecdotes of +Old Times; Regal, Noble, Gentilitial, and Miscellaneous, by Samuel Pegge + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CURIALIA MISCELLANEA *** + +***** This file should be named 44335-h.htm or 44335-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/4/4/3/3/44335/ + +Produced by StevenGibbs, Julia Neufeld and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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