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@@ -1,40 +1,4 @@
-The Project Gutenberg EBook of In Darkest Africa, Vol. 1; or, The quest,
-rescue and retreat of Emin, governor of Equatoria, by Henry Morton Stanley
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license
-
-
-Title: In Darkest Africa, Vol. 1; or, The quest, rescue and retreat of Emin, governor of Equatoria
-
-Author: Henry Morton Stanley
-
-Release Date: September 9, 2013 [EBook #43654]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
-
-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IN DARKEST AFRICA, VOL. 1 ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by the
-Posner Memorial Collection
-(http://posner.library.cmu.edu/Posner/))
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43654 ***
 
 IN DARKEST AFRICA
 
@@ -177,10 +141,10 @@ Bahunga--Description of our march--The poisoned Skewers--Capture of six
 Babali--Dr. Parke and the bees--A tempest in the forest--Mr. Jephson
 puts the steel boat together--The village of Bukanda--Refuse heaps of
 the villages--The Aruwimi river scenery--Villages of the Bakuti and the
-Bakoka--The Rapids of Gwengweré--The boy Bakula-Our "chop and
+Bakoka--The Rapids of Gwengweré--The boy Bakula-Our "chop and
 coffee"--The islands near Bandangi--The Baburu dwarfs--The unknown
-course of the river--The Somalis--Bartering at Mariri and Mupé--The
-Aruwimi at Mupé--The Babé manners, customs, and dress--Jephson's two
+course of the river--The Somalis--Bartering at Mariri and Mupé--The
+Aruwimi at Mupé--The Babé manners, customs, and dress--Jephson's two
 adventures--Wasp Rapids--The chief of the Bwamburi--Our camp at
 My-yui--Canoe accident--An abandoned village--Arrival at Panga
 Falls--Description of the Falls
@@ -236,9 +200,9 @@ process of blood brotherhood between myself and Ismaili--We leave Ipoto
 CHAPTER XI.
 THROUGH THE FOREST TO MAZAMBONI'S PEAK.
 
-In the country of the Balessé--Their houses and clearings--Natives of
+In the country of the Balessé--Their houses and clearings--Natives of
 Bukiri--The first village of dwarfs--Our rate of progress increased--The
-road from Mambungu's--Halts at East and West Indékaru--A little storm
+road from Mambungu's--Halts at East and West Indékaru--A little storm
 between "Three o'clock" and Khamis--We reach Ibwiri--Khamis and the
 "vile Zanzibaris"--The Ibwiri clearing--Plentiful provisions--The state
 of my men; and what they had recently gone through--Khamis and party
@@ -248,12 +212,12 @@ Captain Nelson--Departure of Khamis and the Manyuema--Memorandum of
 charges against Messrs. Kilonga-Longa & Co. of Ipoto--Suicide of
 Simba--Sali's reflections on the same--Lieutenant Stairs
 reconnoitres--Muster and reorganisation at Ibwiri--Improved condition of
-the men--Boryo's village--Balessé customs--East Indenduru--We reach the
+the men--Boryo's village--Balessé customs--East Indenduru--We reach the
 outskirts of the forest--Mount Pisgah--The village of Iyugu--Heaven's
 light at last; the beautiful grass-land--We drop across an ancient
-crone--Indésura and its products--Juma's capture--The Ituri river
+crone--Indésura and its products--Juma's capture--The Ituri river
 again--We emerge upon a rolling plain--And forage in some villages--The
-mode of hut construction--The district of the Babusessé--Our Mbiri
+mode of hut construction--The district of the Babusessé--Our Mbiri
 captives--Natives attack the camp--The course of the Ituri--The natives
 of Abunguma--Our fare since leaving Ibwiri--Mazamboni's Peak--The east
 Ituri--A mass of plantations--Demonstration by the natives--Our camp on
@@ -296,7 +260,7 @@ TO THE ALBERT NYANZA A SECOND TIME.
 
 Difficulties with the steel boat--African forest craft--Splendid capture
 of pigmies, and description of the same--We cross the Ituri River--Dr.
-Parke's delight on leaving the forest--Camp at Bessé--Zanzibari wit--At
+Parke's delight on leaving the forest--Camp at Bessé--Zanzibari wit--At
 Nzera-Kum Hill once more--Intercourse with the natives--"Malleju," or
 the "Bearded One," being first news of Emin--Visit from chief Mazamboni
 and his followers--Jephson goes through the form of friendship with
@@ -320,7 +284,7 @@ Pasha's Soudanese--Our Zanzibaris--The steamer _Khedive_--Baker and the
 Blue Mountains--Drs. Junker and Felkin's descriptions of Emin--Proximity
 of Kabba Rega--Emin and the Equatorial Provinces--Dr. Junker's report of
 Emin--I discuss with Emin our future proceedings--Captain Casati's
-plans--Our camp and provisions at Nsabé--Kabba Rega's treatment of
+plans--Our camp and provisions at Nsabé--Kabba Rega's treatment of
 Captain Casati and Mohammed Biri--Mabruki gored by a buffalo--Emin Pasha
 and his soldiers--My propositions to Emin and his answer--Emin's
 position--Mahomet Achmet--The Congo State--The Foreign Office despatches
@@ -329,7 +293,7 @@ position--Mahomet Achmet--The Congo State--The Foreign Office despatches
 CHAPTER XVI.
 WITH THE PASHA--_continued_.
 
-Fortified stations in the Province--Storms at Nsabé--A nest of young
+Fortified stations in the Province--Storms at Nsabé--A nest of young
 crocodiles--Lake Ibrahim--Zanzibari raid on Balegga villages--Dr. Parke
 goes in search of the two missing men--The Zanzibaris again--A real
 tornado--The Pasha's gifts to us--Introduced to Emin's officers--Emin's
@@ -545,7 +509,7 @@ Copy of Log of Rear Column
 
    KILONGA LONGA'S STATION                                      234
 
-   SHIELDS OF THE BALESSÉ                                       256
+   SHIELDS OF THE BALESSÉ                                       256
 
    VIEW OF MOUNT PISGAH FROM THE EASTWARD                       281
 
@@ -557,7 +521,7 @@ Copy of Log of Rear Column
 
    PIPES OF FOREST TRIBES                                       290
 
-   SHIELDS OF BABUSESSÉ                                         299
+   SHIELDS OF BABUSESSÉ                                         299
 
    SUSPENSION BRIDGE ACROSS THE EAST ITURI                      304
 
@@ -565,11 +529,11 @@ Copy of Log of Rear Column
 
    VIEW OF THE SOUTH END OF ALBERT NYANZA                       318
 
-   CORN GRANARY OF THE BABUSESSÉ                                328
+   CORN GRANARY OF THE BABUSESSÉ                                328
 
    A VILLAGE OF THE BAVIRI: EUROPEANS TAILORING                 345
 
-   GREAT ROCK NEAR INDÉTONGA                                    348
+   GREAT ROCK NEAR INDÉTONGA                                    348
 
    EXTERIOR VIEW OF FORT BODO                                   349
 
@@ -1000,7 +964,7 @@ Pashas and Beys.
 
 To the Khedive the career of conquest on which he has launched appears
 noble; the European Press applaud him; so many things of grand importance
-to civilization transpire that they chant pæans of praise in his honour;
+to civilization transpire that they chant pæans of praise in his honour;
 the two seas are brought together, and the mercantile navies ride in
 stately columns along the maritime canal; railways are pushed towards the
 south, and it is prophesied that a line will reach as far as Berber. But
@@ -1020,7 +984,7 @@ only three military stations in a country that can only rely upon camels
 as means of communication except when the Nile is high.
 
 In 1879, Ismail the Khedive having drawn too freely upon the banks of
-Europe, and increased the debt of Egypt to £128,000,000, and unable to
+Europe, and increased the debt of Egypt to £128,000,000, and unable to
 agree to the restraints imposed by the Powers, the money of whose
 subjects he had so liberally squandered, was deposed, and the present
 Khedive, Tewfik, his son, was elevated to his place, under the tutelage
@@ -1169,7 +1133,7 @@ afterwards despatched to King Mtesa on a political mission, recalled to
 Khartoum, again despatched on a similar mission to King Kabba-Rega of
 Unyoro, and finally, in 1878, was promoted to Bey, and appointed Governor
 of the Equatorial Province of _Ha-tal-astiva_, which, rendered into
-English, means Equatoria, at a salary of £50 per month. A mate of one of
+English, means Equatoria, at a salary of £50 per month. A mate of one of
 the Peninsular and Oriental steamers, called Lupton, was promoted to the
 rank of Governor of the Province of Bahr-el-Ghazal, which adjoined
 Equatoria.
@@ -1246,7 +1210,7 @@ A precis of these is as follows:--
   confederation of the native tribes to take the place of Egyptian
   authority."
 
-  5. "A credit of £100,000 is opened for you at the Finance
+  5. "A credit of £100,000 is opened for you at the Finance
   Department."
 
 Gordon has succeeded in infusing confidence in the minds of the Egyptian
@@ -1448,7 +1412,7 @@ writes from Wadelai, December 31, 1885, as follows:--
   and when the last torn leather of the last boot had been eaten,
   then they cut away through the midst of their enemies and succeeded
   in saving themselves. All this hardship was undergone without the
-  least _arrière-pensée_, without even the hope of any appreciable
+  least _arrière-pensée_, without even the hope of any appreciable
   reward, prompted only by their duty and the desire of showing a
   proper valour before their enemies."
 
@@ -1501,12 +1465,12 @@ Dr. R. W. Felkin on the same date, December 31, 1885.
 
   "As to my future plans, I intend to hold this country as long as
   possible. I hope that when our letters arrive in Egypt, in seven or
-  eight months, a reply will be sent to me _viâ_ Khartoum or
+  eight months, a reply will be sent to me _viâ_ Khartoum or
   Zanzibar. If the Egyptian Government still exists in the Soudan we
   naturally expect them to send us help. If, however, the Soudan has
   been evacuated, I shall take the whole of the people towards the
   south. I shall then send the whole of the Egyptian and Khartoum
-  officials _viâ_ Uganda or Karagwé to Zanzibar, but shall remain
+  officials _viâ_ Uganda or Karagwé to Zanzibar, but shall remain
   myself with my black troops at Kabba-Rege's until the Government
   inform me as to their wishes."
 
@@ -1534,7 +1498,7 @@ In a letter written to Mr. Mackay dated July 6th, 1886, Emin says:--
 
   "I shall determine on a march to the coast only in a case of dire
   necessity. There are, moreover, two other routes before me. One
-  from Kabba-Rega's direct to Karagwé; the other _viâ_ Usongora to
+  from Kabba-Rega's direct to Karagwé; the other _viâ_ Usongora to
   the stations at Tanganika. I hope, however, that I shall have no
   need to make use of either."
 
@@ -1543,7 +1507,7 @@ In a letter written to Mr. Mackay dated July 6th, 1886, Emin says:--
   "My people have become impatient through long delay, and are
   anxiously looking for help at last. It would also be most desirable
   that some Commissioner came here from Europe, either direct by the
-  Masai route, or from Karagwé _viâ_ Kabba-Rega's country, in order
+  Masai route, or from Karagwé _viâ_ Kabba-Rega's country, in order
   that my people may actually see that there is some interest taken
   in them. I would defray with ivory all expenses of such a
   Commission."
@@ -1589,7 +1553,7 @@ the proposed relief.
   "Were Uganda freed from this tyrant (Mwanga), the Equatorial
   Province, even should the present elementary system of
   communication remain unmodified, would be within eight weeks' post
-  of Zanzibar, and a safe depôt on the Albert Nyanza would provide a
+  of Zanzibar, and a safe depôt on the Albert Nyanza would provide a
   base for any further operations that might be decided upon."
 
   "Dr. Junker states that the country to the east of the Ripon
@@ -1598,7 +1562,7 @@ the proposed relief.
   the case the alternative line by which Dr. Fischer tried to relieve
   Junker, and which I believe he still recommends, could not be
   relied on for turning Uganda and its eastern dependency, and the
-  well-known route _viâ_ Uganda would be the only one available for
+  well-known route _viâ_ Uganda would be the only one available for
   an Expedition of moderate size."
 
                   *       *       *       *       *
@@ -1681,7 +1645,7 @@ In Mr. Mackay's letter to Sir John Kirk, June 28th, 1886, he says:--
 
 Dr. Fischer, it will be remembered, was engaged to proceed to Equatoria
 in search of Dr. Junker by that traveller's brother, and chose the road
-_viâ_ East coast of the Victoria Lake. Arriving at the N.E. corner of the
+_viâ_ East coast of the Victoria Lake. Arriving at the N.E. corner of the
 Lake he returned to the coast.
 
 Mr. Mackay proceeds:--
@@ -1719,13 +1683,13 @@ would be found feasible.
 
 Another gentleman interested in the African Lakes Company proposed that
 the Expedition should adopt the Zambezi-Shire-Nyassa route, and thence
-_viâ_ Tanganika north to Muta Nzige and Lake Albert, and a missionary
+_viâ_ Tanganika north to Muta Nzige and Lake Albert, and a missionary
 from the Tanganika warmly endorsed it, as not presenting more
 difficulties than any other.
 
 Dr. Felkin, in the 'Scottish Geographical Magazine,' after examining
 several routes carefully, came to the conclusion that a road west of Lake
-Victoria and Karagwé, through Usongora to Lake Albert, possessed some
+Victoria and Karagwé, through Usongora to Lake Albert, possessed some
 advantages over any other.
 
 Early in October, 1886, Sir William Mackinnon and Mr. J. F. Hutton,
@@ -1737,12 +1701,12 @@ their intention to collect funds for the support he required. But many of
 their friends were absent from town, and they could not decide alone what
 should be done without consultation. We discussed estimates and routes,
 and Mr. Hutton informs me that the rough estimate I furnished him then
-exceeds by £500 the actual cost of the Expedition.
+exceeds by £500 the actual cost of the Expedition.
 
 As for routes, I intimated to them that there were four almost equally
 feasible.
 
-The first, _viâ_ Masai Land, was decidedly objectionable while carrying a
+The first, _viâ_ Masai Land, was decidedly objectionable while carrying a
 vast store of ammunition which absolutely must reach Emin. Mr. Thomson
 had tried it, and his account of the extremities to which he was driven
 on returning from the Lake Victoria, for want of water and grain, were
@@ -1759,23 +1723,23 @@ presented to them. Many of the Zanzibaris had become professional
 advance-jumpers, and the greater the expedition the greater would be the
 loss in money, rifles and stores.
 
-The second, _viâ_ Victoria Nyanza and Uganda, which was naturally the
+The second, _viâ_ Victoria Nyanza and Uganda, which was naturally the
 best, was rendered impossible for a small expedition because of the
 hostility of Uganda. Even this hostility could be avoided if there were
 any vessels on Lake Victoria capable of transporting across the lake such
 an expedition as was needed. The danger of desertion was just as imminent
 on this as on the first.
 
-The third was _viâ_ Msalala, Karagwé and Ankori, and Unyoro and Lake
+The third was _viâ_ Msalala, Karagwé and Ankori, and Unyoro and Lake
 Albert. Immense loss of men and goods would assuredly follow any attempt
 from the East Coast. Fifty per cent. loss was unavoidable, and no
-precautions would avail to prevent desertion. Besides, Karagwé was
+precautions would avail to prevent desertion. Besides, Karagwé was
 garrisoned by the Waganda, and no expedition could pass through that
 country without persistent hostility from the Waganda. If fortunate
-enough to force our way through Karagwé, we should have to reckon with
+enough to force our way through Karagwé, we should have to reckon with
 the Wanyankori, who number 200,000 spears, and if introduced to them by
-fighting the Karagwé natives the outlook would be dismal in the extreme.
-As for going through any country west of Karagwé to avoid the Waganda
+fighting the Karagwé natives the outlook would be dismal in the extreme.
+As for going through any country west of Karagwé to avoid the Waganda
 that would be impossible, except at a cost that I did not suppose the
 subscribers would contemplate paying.
 
@@ -1796,7 +1760,7 @@ You know I am aware of many projects mooted, and much 'talk' has been
 expended on each and this may end in smoke--collect your funds, and then
 call upon me if you want me. If you do not require me after this
 exposition of my views, let Thomson take his Expedition through the Masai
-Land, and put me down for £500 subscription for it."
+Land, and put me down for £500 subscription for it."
 
 As the middle of November drew near, Sir William Mackinnon requested me
 to write him a letter upon the subject that he might show it to his
@@ -1854,7 +1818,7 @@ opinion of the Committee that it would be best to adopt the Eastern
 route.
 
   "Very good, it is perfectly immaterial to me. Let us decide on the
-  East Coast route, _viâ_ Msalala, Karagwé, Ankori, and Unyoro. If
+  East Coast route, _viâ_ Msalala, Karagwé, Ankori, and Unyoro. If
   you hear of some hard-fighting, I look to you that you will defend
   the absent. If I could drop this ammunition in Emin's camp from a
   balloon I certainly would do so, and avoid coming in contact with
@@ -1864,7 +1828,7 @@ route.
 
 A Relief Fund was raised, the subscriptions to which were as follows:--
 
-                                             £
+                                             £
     Sir William Mackinnon, Bart.          2,000
     Peter Mackinnon, Esq.                 1,000
     John Mackinnon, Esq.                    300
@@ -1886,7 +1850,7 @@ A Relief Fund was raised, the subscriptions to which were as follows:--
     Royal Geographical Society, London    1,000
     Egyptian Government                  10,000
                                          ------
-                                        £21,500[D]
+                                        £21,500[D]
 
 In order to increase the funds and create a provision against
 contingencies, I volunteered to write letters from Africa, which the
@@ -1900,11 +1864,11 @@ distance of 720 miles in 103 days, therefore:--
     1st route.--By Masai Land, march to Wadelai and return to coast
                 14 months. Reserve for delays 4 months = 18 months.
 
-    2nd route.--By Msalala, Karagwé, Ankori, and Usongora to Lake
+    2nd route.--By Msalala, Karagwé, Ankori, and Usongora to Lake
                 Albert. Land march to and return 16 months, delays
                 4 months = 20 months.
 
-    3rd route.--_Viâ_ Congo.
+    3rd route.--_Viâ_ Congo.
                 Zanzibar to Congo              1 mth. =  1st April, 1887
                 Overland route to Stanley Pool 1  "   =  1st May     "
                 By steam up the Congo      1-1/2 "    = 15th June    "
@@ -1988,7 +1952,7 @@ Also 3,600 lbs. of beads and 1 ton of wire, brass, copper, iron.
 
 The third order was for the purchase of forty pack donkeys and ten riding
 asses, which necessitated an order for saddles to match, at an expense of
-£400.
+£400.
 
 Messrs. Forrest & Son received a design and order for the construction
 of a steel boat 28 ft. long, 6 ft. beam, and 2 ft. 6 in. deep. It was to
@@ -2087,7 +2051,7 @@ in foreign travel, and quite unaccustomed to "roughing" in wilds. On some
 members of the Committee Mr. Jephson made the impression that he was
 unfitted for an expedition of this kind, being in their opinion of too
 "high class." But the Countess de Noailles made a subscription in his
-favour to the Relief Fund of £1,000, an argument that the Committee could
+favour to the Relief Fund of £1,000, an argument that the Committee could
 not resist, and Mr. Jephson signed the articles of agreement with
 unshaken nerves. Poor young Jephson! he emerged out of Africa after
 various severe trials which are herein related.
@@ -2098,7 +2062,7 @@ South Africa to collect trophies of the wild chase, to study birds, and
 to make sketches. He did not appear remarkably strong. We urged that, but
 he as quickly defended his slight appearance, and argued that as he had
 already spent a long time in Africa his experience disproved our fears.
-Besides, he was willing to subscribe £1,000 for the privilege of
+Besides, he was willing to subscribe £1,000 for the privilege of
 membership, and do faithful and loyal service, as though it was
 indispensable for the Expedition to employ him. Mr. Jameson was firm, and
 subscribed to the articles.
@@ -2183,7 +2147,7 @@ despatched this day.
 
 As suggested by Mackinnon, who has been written to by King Leopold upon
 the subject of the Congo route, I saw Sir Percy Anderson, and revealed
-the King's desire that the Expedition should proceed _viâ_ Congo. I was
+the King's desire that the Expedition should proceed _viâ_ Congo. I was
 requested to state what advantages the Congo route gave, and replied:--
 
 1st. Certainty of reaching Emin.
@@ -2265,7 +2229,7 @@ present, and affair most satisfactory.
 Telegraphed to Brussels to know if Friday convenient to King. Reply, "Yes
 at 9.30 a.m."
 
-_January 14th._--Crossed over Channel last night towards Brussels _viâ_
+_January 14th._--Crossed over Channel last night towards Brussels _viâ_
 Ostend to see King Leopold. Saw King and gave my farewell. He was very
 kind. Left for London in evening at 8 P.M.
 
@@ -2447,7 +2411,7 @@ permits us the use of the Egyptian Flag as the banner of the Expedition.
 He says he would like to see Emin return with as much ivory as possible
 and bringing his Makrakas with him. Should any ivory be brought out he
 will lay claim to some of the money on behalf of the Egyptian
-Government--because of the £10,000 furnished by it. Uniforms are being
+Government--because of the £10,000 furnished by it. Uniforms are being
 ordered for Emin Pasha and principal officers, for which the Relief Fund
 will have to pay. Rank and pay due to each officer assured.
 
@@ -2472,9 +2436,9 @@ fit. Considering the quality of the escort, being mainly Zanzibaris or
 freed slaves, it would be rash to expect too much from them. It is
 already known in Zanzibar that Uganda is hostile, that Mwanga massacred
 some sixty of the followers of Bishop Hannington, that the Masai route
-has its dangers, that Karagwé is tributary to Mwanga, that the Wahha are
+has its dangers, that Karagwé is tributary to Mwanga, that the Wahha are
 numerous and aggressive, that Ruanda has never yet been penetrated, that
-beyond a certain line whether on the Masai route or the Karagwé route
+beyond a certain line whether on the Masai route or the Karagwé route
 there is certain danger; and no matter with what cheerfulness they would
 assert at Zanzibar their readiness to defy all and every belligerent,
 African travellers remember how weak they are proved to be when in actual
@@ -2637,7 +2601,7 @@ as expressed by Sir Evelyn Baring.
 
 _February 3rd._--Left Cairo for Suez. At the station to wish me success
 were Sir Evelyn and Lady Baring, Generals Stephenson, Grenfell, Valentine
-Baker, Abbaté Pasha, Professor Schweinfurth and Dr. Junker. The latter
+Baker, Abbaté Pasha, Professor Schweinfurth and Dr. Junker. The latter
 and sixty-one soldiers (Soudanese) from Wady Haifa accompanied me. At
 Zagazig, Surgeon T. H. Parke, now an enrolled member of the Expedition,
 joined me. At Ismailia our party were increased by Giegler Pasha. At Suez
@@ -2653,7 +2617,7 @@ P.M., after friendly wishes from Captain Beyts and my good friend Dr.
 Junker, to whom I had become greatly attached for the real worth in him,
 the _Navarino_ sailed for Aden.
 
-_February 8th._--Weather grows warm. Ther. Fah. 74° at 8 A.M. in
+_February 8th._--Weather grows warm. Ther. Fah. 74° at 8 A.M. in
 Captain's cabin. My European servant asked me if this was the Red Sea
 through which we were sailing. "Yes," I replied. "Well, sir, it looks
 more like a black sea than a red one," was his profound remark.
@@ -2909,7 +2873,7 @@ Emin Pasha, or to show the road. There are four good roads to Wadelai
 from the Congo; one of them was in Tippu-Tib's power, the remaining three
 are clear of him and his myriads. But Dr. Junker informed me that Emin
 Pasha possessed about 75 tons of ivory. So much ivory would amount to
-£60,000, at 8_s_. per lb. The subscription of Egypt to the Emin Pasha
+£60,000, at 8_s_. per lb. The subscription of Egypt to the Emin Pasha
 Fund is large for her depressed finance. In this quantity of ivory we had
 a possible means of recouping her Treasury--with a large sum left towards
 defraying expenses, and perhaps leaving a handsome present for the
@@ -2919,9 +2883,9 @@ Why not attempt the carriage of this ivory to the Congo? Accordingly, I
 wished to engage Tippu-Tib and his people to assist me in conveying the
 ammunition to Emin Pasha, and on return to carry this ivory. After a good
 deal of bargaining I entered into a contract with him, by which he agreed
-to supply 600 carriers at £6 per loaded head--each round trip from
+to supply 600 carriers at £6 per loaded head--each round trip from
 Stanley Falls to Lake Albert and back. Thus, if each carrier carries 70
-lbs. weight of ivory, one round trip will bring to the Fund £13,200 nett
+lbs. weight of ivory, one round trip will bring to the Fund £13,200 nett
 at Stanley Falls.
 
 On the conclusion of this contract, which was entered into in presence of
@@ -3096,7 +3060,7 @@ muscle," you know.
 
 "Do you know," I continued, "that that station has given us a great deal
 of trouble. We sent Amelot, you remember. Well, he just left the station
-without orders, and died somewhere near Nyangwé; then the next, Gleerup,
+without orders, and died somewhere near Nyangwé; then the next, Gleerup,
 a Swede, followed suit, and travelled across Africa instead; then we sent
 Deane, and for a change he would have war with the Arabs. King Leopold is
 not to blame for all this. It is a difficult thing to get men who are
@@ -3135,7 +3099,7 @@ Consul-General, and we both signed.
 
 I made another agreement with him about the engagement of carriers to
 carry ammunition to Lake Albert from the Congo. If there is no ivory I
-shall be indebted to Tippu-Tib for the sum of £3,600. But there must be
+shall be indebted to Tippu-Tib for the sum of £3,600. But there must be
 some, as both Emin Pasha and Dr. Junker declare there is a large store of
 it. At the same time I shall not risk the Expedition for the sake of the
 ivory.
@@ -3540,7 +3504,7 @@ The opportunity afforded by the ferriage was seized by me to write
 appealing letters to the Commandant at Stanley Pool to interpret the
 orders of the Minister of the Interior, Strauch, according to the
 generous spirit expressed by King Leopold when he invited us to seek Emin
-Pasha _viâ_ the Congo. Another was directed to the Rev. Mr. Bentley, of
+Pasha _viâ_ the Congo. Another was directed to the Rev. Mr. Bentley, of
 the Baptist Mission, requesting him to remember the assistance I gave the
 Baptists in 1880-84, and to be prepared to lead the steamer _Peace_ that
 I might hurry the Expedition away from the poverty-stricken region around
@@ -3605,7 +3569,7 @@ Extra rations of rice and biscuits were accordingly served out.
 
 Fortunately for me personally there were good officers with me who could
 relieve me of the necessity of coming into conflict with wilful fellows
-like these sulky, obstinate Soudanese. I reserved for myself the _rôle_
+like these sulky, obstinate Soudanese. I reserved for myself the _rôle_
 of mediator between exasperated whites and headstrong, undisciplined
 blacks. Provided one is not himself worn out by being compelled
 throughout the day to shout at thick-headed men, it is a most agreeable
@@ -3833,7 +3797,7 @@ position, and of his obstinacy in declining to assist us out of our
 difficulties in which we had been placed by the fault of circumstances.
 To and fro throughout the day he went demanding, explaining, and
 expostulating, and finally after twelve hours prevailed on Mr. Billington
-to accept a charter upon the liberal terms offered; namely, £100 per
+to accept a charter upon the liberal terms offered; namely, £100 per
 month.
 
 _April 24th._--Mustered Expedition and discovered we are short of 57 men,
@@ -4086,7 +4050,7 @@ was certainly one of the slowest steamers any shipbuilder could build. We
 halted every forty-five minutes or so to "oil up," and sometimes had to
 halt to clear out the cylinders of the propellers, had to stop to raise
 steam, to have the grate cleared out of charcoal, while five minutes
-after raising steam up to 60°, she fell to 40°, and then 35°, and the
+after raising steam up to 60°, she fell to 40°, and then 35°, and the
 poor miserable thing floated down stream at the rate of a knot an hour.
 We lost seven days at Stanley Pool through her; a day was lost when the
 rudder broke; we were fated to be belated.
@@ -4146,7 +4110,7 @@ assistance from the _Henry Reed_, and at eight at night she appeared and
 anchored sixty yards from us, and all the day we had been idly watching
 the dark brown current flow by, anchored in mid-stream at least 500 yards
 from either shore or island, seeing nothing but hippopotami, grassy
-clumps, weeds, and débris of woods floating by. On the 12th we arrived
+clumps, weeds, and débris of woods floating by. On the 12th we arrived
 ignominiously at Bolobo in tow of the _Henry Reed_.
 
 When the traveller reaches Uyanzi such a thing as famine is scarcely
@@ -4458,7 +4422,7 @@ to them.
 
 On the 19th fuel sufficient had been cut for six days' steaming for the
 _Stanley_ with which she could proceed to Equator Station. A cheque was
-drawn for £50 in favour of the Captain, and another for a similar amount
+drawn for £50 in favour of the Captain, and another for a similar amount
 for the engineer, on Ransom, Bouverie & Co., and both were handed in
 their presence to Mr. Jameson to be presented to them on their return
 from Stanley Pool, provided they safely reached Yambuya about the middle
@@ -5323,10 +5287,10 @@ TO PANGA FALLS.
   the bees--A tempest in the forest--Mr. Jephson puts the steel boat
   together--The village of Bukanda--Refuse heaps of the villages--The
   Aruwimi river scenery--Villages of the Bakuti and the Bakoka--The
-  Rapids of Gwengweré--The boy Bakula-Our "chop and coffee"--The
+  Rapids of Gwengweré--The boy Bakula-Our "chop and coffee"--The
   islands near Bandangi--The Baburu dwarfs--The unknown course of the
-  river--The Somalis--Bartering at Mariri and Mupé--The Aruwimi at
-  Mupé--The Babé manners, customs, and dress--Jephson's two
+  river--The Somalis--Bartering at Mariri and Mupé--The Aruwimi at
+  Mupé--The Babé manners, customs, and dress--Jephson's two
   adventures--Wasp Rapids--The chief of the Bwamburi--Our camp at
   My-yui--Canoe accident--An abandoned village--Arrival at Panga
   Falls--Description of the Falls.
@@ -5407,7 +5371,7 @@ Nelson the other day had commenced.
 
 "Which is the way, guide?" I asked to probably the proudest soul in the
 column--for it is a most exalted position to be at the head of the line.
-He was in a Greekish costume with a Greekish helmet à la Achilles.
+He was in a Greekish costume with a Greekish helmet à la Achilles.
 
 [Illustration: THE KIRANGOZI, OR FOREMOST MAN.]
 
@@ -5447,7 +5411,7 @@ missal, printed book or pamphlet, this spring of the year of our Lord
 1890, that contains any account of this region of horrors other than this
 book of mine.
 
-With the temperature of 86° in the shade we travelled along a path very
+With the temperature of 86° in the shade we travelled along a path very
 infrequently employed, which wound under dark depths of bush. It was a
 slow process, interrupted every few minutes by the tangle. The bill-hooks
 and axes, plied by fifty men, were constantly in requisition; the
@@ -5462,14 +5426,14 @@ hovered about it. There was much movement and stir, owing, of course, to
 the alarm that the Yambuyas had communicated to their neighbours. At 4
 P.M. we observed that the point we had gazed at abreast of the rapids
 consisted of islands. These were now being crowded with the women and
-children of Yankondé, whom as yet we had not seen. About a hundred canoes
+children of Yankondé, whom as yet we had not seen. About a hundred canoes
 formed in the stream crowded with native warriors, and followed the
 movements of the column as it appeared and disappeared in the light and
 into the shadows, jeering, mocking, and teasing.
 
 The head of the column arrived at the foot of a broad cleared road,
 twenty feet wide and three hundred yards long, and at the further end
-probably three hundred natives of the town of Yankondé stood
+probably three hundred natives of the town of Yankondé stood
 gesticulating, shouting, with drawn bows in their hands. In all my
 experience of Africa I had seen nothing of this kind. The pioneers
 halted, reflecting, and remarking somewhat after this manner: "What does
@@ -5529,7 +5493,7 @@ wounded with arrows.
 We wandered about for ten minutes or so looking for a track next morning,
 and at last discovered one leading through a vast square mileage of
 manioc fields, and at the little village of Bahunga, four miles S.E. of
-Yankondé, we gladly rested, our object being not to rush at first setting
+Yankondé, we gladly rested, our object being not to rush at first setting
 out after a long river voyage, but to accustom the people little by
 little to the long journey before them.
 
@@ -5637,7 +5601,7 @@ country to which the track led, they said, "We have but one heart. Don't
 you have two," which meant, Do not speak so fairly to us if you mean any
 harm to us, and like all natives they asserted strongly that they did not
 eat human meat, but that the custom was practised by the Babanda, Babali,
-Babukwa tribes, occupying the bank of the Aruwimi above Yankondé.
+Babukwa tribes, occupying the bank of the Aruwimi above Yankondé.
 
 Soon after this interview with the natives, Dr. Parke, observing the bees
 which fluttered about, had mentioned to one of his brother officers that
@@ -5657,7 +5621,7 @@ The next day left the track and struck through the huge towering forest
 and jungly undergrowth by compass. My position in this column was the
 third from the leader, so that I could direct the course. In order to
 keep a steady movement, even if slow, I had to instruct the cutters that
-each man as he walked should choose an obstructing lliané, or obtrusive
+each man as he walked should choose an obstructing lliané, or obtrusive
 branch of bush, and give one sharp cut and pass on--the two head men were
 confining themselves to an effective and broad "blaze" on the trees,
 every ten yards or so, for the benefit of the column, and, as the rear
@@ -5837,7 +5801,7 @@ tribes. The Bakoka villages were all stockaded, and the entrance gates
 were extremely low.
 
 The next day we passed by four villages all closely stockaded, and on the
-10th came to the rapids of Gwengweré. Here there were seven large
+10th came to the rapids of Gwengweré. Here there were seven large
 villages bordering the rapids and extending from below to above the
 broken water. All the population had fled probably to the opposite main,
 or to the islands in mid-river, and every portable article was carried
@@ -5860,7 +5824,7 @@ On the 11th we marched about a mile to give the canoemen a chance to pole
 their vessels through the rapids and the column a rest. The day following
 marched six geographical miles, the river turning easterly, which was our
 course. Several small rapids were passed without accident. As we were
-disappearing from view of Gwengweré, the population was seen scurrying
+disappearing from view of Gwengweré, the population was seen scurrying
 from the right bank and islands back to their homes, which they had
 temporarily vacated for our convenience. It seemed to me to be an
 excellent arrangement. It saved trouble of speech, exerted possibly in
@@ -6005,18 +5969,18 @@ geographical miles north of our course, be compensated by these
 advantages of relief of the porters, and the abundance of provisions that
 are assuredly found on the banks? When I noted the number of the sick,
 and saw the jaded condition of the people, I felt that if the river
-ascended as far as 2° N., it was infinitely preferable to plunging into
+ascended as far as 2° N., it was infinitely preferable to plunging into
 the centre of the forest.
 
-The temperature of the air during the clouded morning was 75°, surface of
-the river 77°. What a relief it was to breathe the air of the river after
+The temperature of the air during the clouded morning was 75°, surface of
+the river 77°. What a relief it was to breathe the air of the river after
 a night spent in inhaling the close impure air in the forest by night!
 
 On the 16th we possessed one boat and five canoes, carrying seventy-four
 men and 120 loads, so that with the weight of the boat sections, half of
 our men were relieved of loads, and carried nothing every alternative
 day. We passed by the mouth of a considerable affluent from the
-south-east, and camped a mile above it. The temperature rose to 94° in
+south-east, and camped a mile above it. The temperature rose to 94° in
 the afternoon, and as a consequence rain fell in torrents, preceded by
 the usual thunder roars and lightning flashes. Until 1 P.M. of the 17th
 the rain fell unceasingly. It would have been interesting to have
@@ -6084,8 +6048,8 @@ been possible that two messengers could have performed that march, we
 certainly had availed ourselves of the fact to have communicated
 authentic news and chart of the route to Major Barttelot, who in another
 month would be leaving his camp as we believed. From the village opposite
-Upper Mariri we proceeded to S. Mupé, a large settlement consisting of
-several villages, embowered in plantations. The chiefs of Mupé are Mbadu,
+Upper Mariri we proceeded to S. Mupé, a large settlement consisting of
+several villages, embowered in plantations. The chiefs of Mupé are Mbadu,
 Alimba, and Mangrudi.
 
 On the 22nd Surgeon Parke was the officer of the day, and was unfortunate
@@ -6093,7 +6057,7 @@ enough to miss the river, and strike through the forest in a wrong
 direction. He finally struck a track on which the scouts found a woman
 and a large-eyed, brown-coloured child. The woman showed the route to the
 river, and was afterwards released. Through her influence the natives of
-N. Mupé on the right bank were induced to trade with us, by which we were
+N. Mupé on the right bank were induced to trade with us, by which we were
 enabled to procure a dozen fowls and two eggs.
 
 The bed of the river in this locality is an undisturbed rock of
@@ -6111,8 +6075,8 @@ suffer from want of food, and have not the strength to proceed unless you
 give us some," we replied. Whereupon they threw us fat ears of Indian
 corn, plantains, and sugar-cane. This was preliminary to a trade, in
 doing which these apparently unsophisticated natives were as sharp and as
-exorbitant as any of the Wyyanzi on the Congo. The natives of Mupé are
-called Babé.
+exorbitant as any of the Wyyanzi on the Congo. The natives of Mupé are
+called Babé.
 
 Trifles, such as empty sardine boxes, jam and milk cans, and cartridge
 cases, were easily barterable for sugar-cane, Indian corn, and tobacco. A
@@ -6269,7 +6233,7 @@ The native settlement on the left bank is called Bandeya; the one facing
 opposite consists of the villages of the Bwamburi. North of the Bwamburi,
 a day's march, begins the tribes of the Ababua and the Mabode, who have a
 different kind of architecture from the steeply conical huts prevailing
-among the riverine tribes. The Mabodé are said to possess square houses
+among the riverine tribes. The Mabodé are said to possess square houses
 with gable roofs, the walls are neatly plastered, and along the fronts
 are clay verandahs.
 
@@ -6289,7 +6253,7 @@ Two sturdy prisoners imparted to us strange information of a large lake
 called "No-uma," as being situate somewhere in the neighbourhood of a
 place called Panga. It was said to be many days' journey in extent. In
 the centre was a large island, so infested with serpents that natives
-dreaded to go near it; that from it flowed the Nepoko into the Nowellé,
+dreaded to go near it; that from it flowed the Nepoko into the Nowellé,
 the name now given to the Aruwimi. After several days' march we
 discovered that the lake story was a myth, and that the Nepoko did not
 flow from the left bank of the Aruwimi.
@@ -6414,7 +6378,7 @@ The results of 3 days' foraging on islands, right and left banks were 250
 lbs. of Indian corn, 18 goats, and as many fowls, besides a few branches
 of plantains, among 383 people. A number of villages and settlements were
 searched, but the natives do not appear to possess a sufficiency of food.
-They were said to be at war with a tribe called the Engweddé, and instead
+They were said to be at war with a tribe called the Engweddé, and instead
 of cultivating live on banana stalks, mushrooms, roots, herbs, fish, and
 snails and caterpillars, varying this extraordinary diet by feeding on
 slain humanity. In such a region there were no inducements to stay, and
@@ -6483,7 +6447,7 @@ camped a few miles below Utiri. The next day we reached the villages,
 where we found the architecture had changed. The houses were now all
 gable-roofed and low, and each one surrounded by strong, tall, split log
 palisades, six feet long, nine inches by four inches wide and thick, of
-the rubiacæ wood. Constructed in two lines, a street about twenty feet
+the rubiacæ wood. Constructed in two lines, a street about twenty feet
 ran between them. As I observed them I was impressed with the fact that
 they were extremely defensible even against rifles. A dozen resolute men
 in each court of one of these villages armed with poisoned arrows might
@@ -6502,7 +6466,7 @@ consequence a few days later.
 The 11th was consumed by the river party in struggling against a wild
 stretch, five miles long, of rapids, caused by numerous reefs and rocky
 islets, while the land column wound along the river bank on a passable
-track which led them to Engweddé, where we rejoined them on the 12th. Our
+track which led them to Engweddé, where we rejoined them on the 12th. Our
 day's rate having been broken by the rapids, foragers were again
 despatched to collect food, and succeeded in procuring three days'
 rations of plantains. On the 13th we marched to Avisibba, or Aveysheba, a
@@ -6524,7 +6488,7 @@ plantain groves, and outside the villages.
 [Illustration: LEAF-BLADED PADDLE OF AVISIBBA.]
 
 When the column was across I had a murder case to inquire into. For on
-the 12th, at Engweddé, one of our Zanzibaris had been killed with a rifle
+the 12th, at Engweddé, one of our Zanzibaris had been killed with a rifle
 bullet outside of camp, and it was supposed that some vengeful ruffian in
 the column had shot him. Meantime, I had suggested to two head men to
 take forty scouts and re-cross the creek, to explore if there were any
@@ -6901,7 +6865,7 @@ earlier than Saadi. This may have been due to the travel accelerating the
 action of the poison.
 
 One man named Ali was shot by an iron-barbed arrow, and died of internal
-hæmorrhage, the arrow having pierced the liver. Another succumbed to
+hæmorrhage, the arrow having pierced the liver. Another succumbed to
 dysentery immediately after the heavy rain which had afflicted us on the
 18th; thus we have had seven fatal cases since the 14th. We have several
 others, in whom life is flickering. The column brought in two others
@@ -7070,13 +7034,13 @@ to proceed about two hours higher, whither we followed them.
 
 We arrived at the foot of a big cataract on the 30th, and by observation
 ascertained that we had reached half-way to the Albert Lake, Kavalli
-being in 30° 30' and Yambuya in 25° 3-1/2'. Our camp on this day was in
-about 27° 47'.
+being in 30° 30' and Yambuya in 25° 3-1/2'. Our camp on this day was in
+about 27° 47'.
 
 We had 163 geographical miles in an air line to make yet, which we could
 never accomplish within 64 days as we had performed the western half of
 the route. The people were in an impoverished state of body, and mentally
-depressed, ulcers were raging like an epidemic, anæmia had sapped their
+depressed, ulcers were raging like an epidemic, anæmia had sapped their
 vitality. They were told the half-way camp was reached, but they replied
 with murmurs of unbelief. They asked, "How can the master tell? Will that
 instrument show him the road? Will it tell him which is the path? Why
@@ -7160,7 +7124,7 @@ three of their rifles and a case behind them.
 
 On the 3rd of September five more deserted, carrying away one case of
 Remington cartridges, one case of Winchester cartridges, one box of
-European provisions, and one load of fine Arab clothing, worth £50.
+European provisions, and one load of fine Arab clothing, worth £50.
 Another was detected with a box of provisions open before him, having
 already abstracted a tin of sago, one tin of Liebig, a tin of butter, and
 one of milk. Ten men had thus disappeared in a couple of days. At this
@@ -7184,7 +7148,7 @@ secreted as a reserve, by the way.
 On September 5th we camped near Hippo Broads, so called because the river
 was fine and broad, and a large herd of hippopotami were seen. The site
 of our resting place was an abandoned clearing, which had become the
-haunts of these amphibiæ, and exquisite bits of greensward caused us to
+haunts of these amphibiæ, and exquisite bits of greensward caused us to
 imagine for a moment that possibly the open country was not far. Foragers
 returned after a visit into the interior, on both banks, with four goats
 and a few bananas, numbers of roast rats, cooked beetles, and slugs. On
@@ -7206,7 +7170,7 @@ flourished throughout this section.
 Palm nuts were seen in heaps near each village. We even discovered some
 palms lately planted, which showed some regard for posterity. Achmet, the
 Somali, who had insisted on leaving Yambuya, in accompanying us had been
-a passenger ever since we had struck the river above Yankondé, was
+a passenger ever since we had struck the river above Yankondé, was
 reported to be dying. He was said to suffer from melanosis. Whatever the
 disease might be, he had become singularly emaciated, being a literal
 skeleton covered lightly with skin.
@@ -7281,10 +7245,10 @@ the plantations, and either driven the populations to unknown recesses in
 the forest or had extirpated them.
 
 On the following day we reached Amiri Falls. The previous day the head
-man, Saadi, had been reproached for leaving one named Makupeté to return
+man, Saadi, had been reproached for leaving one named Makupeté to return
 along the track to search for a box of ammunition that was reported to be
 missing, whereupon Saadi took the unwise resolution of proceeding to hunt
-up Makupeté. Then one, Uledi Manga, disgusted with the severe work and
+up Makupeté. Then one, Uledi Manga, disgusted with the severe work and
 melancholy prospect before us, absconded with another box of ammunition.
 
 We had only three Zanzibar donkeys left. Out of the six with which we had
@@ -7298,7 +7262,7 @@ whatsoever enters, and reveals nothing.
 
 Near a single old fishing hut our camp was pitched on the 15th. The river
 after its immense curve northward and eastward now trended
-south-easterly, and we had already reached S. Lat. 1° 24' from 1° 58'.
+south-easterly, and we had already reached S. Lat. 1° 24' from 1° 58'.
 
 Having been in the habit of losing a box of ammunition per diem for the
 last few days, having tried almost every art of suppressing this robbery,
@@ -7346,7 +7310,7 @@ had seen from a high hill (Kassololo?), a grassy country extending to the
 eastward.
 
 Further information was to the effect that his caravan, 600 strong, had
-left the Lualaba at Kibongés (above Leopold R.), and that in nine moons
+left the Lualaba at Kibongés (above Leopold R.), and that in nine moons
 he had travelled the distance of 370 geographical miles, about a N.E.
 course, throughout continuous forest without having seen as much grass as
 would cover the palm of his hand; that he had only crossed one river, the
@@ -7488,7 +7452,7 @@ river was much more navigable above for many days than below.
 -----
   [I]  Was he very unfortunate? I paid Ugarrowwa for thirteen
        months' board, sent him to Stanley Falls, thence down
-       the Congo and by sea to Madeira, _viâ_ the Cape to
+       the Congo and by sea to Madeira, _viâ_ the Cape to
        Zanzibar, where he arrived in a state well described by
        "as fat as butter."
 
@@ -7558,7 +7522,7 @@ lives shall die."
 The culprits were then questioned as to who they were. One replied that
 he was the slave of Farjalla-bill Ali--a headman in No. 1 company;
 another that he was the slave of a Banyan in Zanzibar, and the third that
-he was the slave of an artizan at work in Unyanyembé.
+he was the slave of an artizan at work in Unyanyembé.
 
 Lots were cast, and he who chose the shortest paper of three slips was
 the one to die first. The lot fell upon the slave of Farjalla, who was
@@ -7785,7 +7749,7 @@ On the 3rd of October, soon after leaving our camp in the morning, we
 entered into a pool-like formation, surrounded by hills rising from 250
 to 600 feet above the river, and arriving at the end saw a crooked,
 ditch-like, and very turbulent stream. The scenery reminded us of a
-miniature Congo cañon banked as it was with lines of lofty hills. A
+miniature Congo cañon banked as it was with lines of lofty hills. A
 presentiment warned us that we were about to meet more serious obstacles
 than any we had yet met. We progressed, however, upward about three
 miles, but the difficulties of advance were so numerous that we were
@@ -7892,7 +7856,7 @@ forest uplands, to tramp on and on, whither we knew not, for how long a
 time we dared not think, seeking for food with the double responsibility
 weighing us down for these trustful, brave fellows with us, and for
 those, no less brave and trustful, whom we had left behind at the bottom
-of the horrible cañon!
+of the horrible cañon!
 
 As I looked at the poor men struggling wearily onward it appeared to me
 as though a few hours only were needed to ensure our fate. One day,
@@ -7927,7 +7891,7 @@ experiences I had encountered anything so grievous as this.
 
 "No; not quite so bad as this," I replied. "We have suffered; but not to
 such an extremity. Those nine days on the way into Ituru were wretched.
-On our flight from Bumbiré we certainly suffered much hunger, and also
+On our flight from Bumbiré we certainly suffered much hunger, and also
 while floating down the Congo to trace its course our condition was much
 to be pitied; but we had a little of something, and at least large hope.
 The age of miracles is past, it is said, but why should they be? Moses
@@ -8039,9 +8003,9 @@ as:--
 
   Filet de boeuf en Chartreuse.
 
-  Petites bouchées aux huîtres de Ostende.
+  Petites bouchées aux huîtres de Ostende.
 
-  Bécassines rôties à la Londres.
+  Bécassines rôties à la Londres.
 
 Another had shown his Anglo-Saxon proclivities for solids such as:--
 
@@ -8187,7 +8151,7 @@ shared as though it were the finest venison, for a wild and famished mob
 threatened to defy discipline. When the meat was fairly served a free
 fight took place over the skin, the bones were taken up and crushed, the
 hoofs were boiled for hours, there was nothing left of my faithful animal
-but the spilled blood and hair; a pack of hyænas could not have made a
+but the spilled blood and hair; a pack of hyænas could not have made a
 more thorough disposal of it. That constituent of the human being which
 marks him as superior to all others of the animal creation was so
 deadened by hunger that our men had become merely carnivorous bipeds,
@@ -8439,14 +8403,14 @@ to the sea of all Arabs from inner Africa, as the native Chiefs would be
 immeasurably stronger than any combination of Arabs armed with spears.
 What possible chance could Tippu-Tib, Abed bin Salim, Ugarrowwa and
 Kilonga-Longa have against the Basongora and Bakusu? How could the Arabs
-of Ujiji resist the Wajiji and Warundi, or how could those of Unyamyembé
+of Ujiji resist the Wajiji and Warundi, or how could those of Unyamyembé
 live among the bowmen and spearmen of Unyamwezi?
 
 There is only one remedy for these wholesale devastations of African
 aborigines, and that is the solemn combination of England, Germany,
 France, Portugal, South and East Africa, and Congo State against the
 introduction of gunpowder into any part of the Continent except for the
-use of their own agents, soldiers, employés, or seizing upon every tusk
+use of their own agents, soldiers, employés, or seizing upon every tusk
 of ivory brought out, as there is not a single piece nowadays which has
 been gained lawfully. Every tusk, piece and scrap in the possession of an
 Arab trader has been steeped and dyed in blood. Every pound weight has
@@ -8476,7 +8440,7 @@ practical and sensible men, and yet every now and then let some
 enthusiast--whether Gladstone, Gordon, Lavigerie or another--speak, and a
 wave of Quixotism spreads over many lands. The last thing I heard in
 connection with this mad project is that a band of 100 Swedes, who have
-subscribed £25 each, are about to sail to some part of the East Coast of
+subscribed £25 each, are about to sail to some part of the East Coast of
 Africa, and proceed to Tanganika to commence ostensibly the extirpation
 of the Arab slave-trader, but in reality to commit suicide.
 
@@ -8977,7 +8941,7 @@ of yards of crimson broadcloth, and a few other costly trifles. Finally I
 made another written agreement for guides to accompany me to the distance
 of fifteen camps, which he said was the limit of his territory, and good
 treatment of my officers, and handed to him a gold watch and chain, value
-£49 in London, as pledge of this agreement, in presence of Surgeon
+£49 in London, as pledge of this agreement, in presence of Surgeon
 Parke.
 
 The next day after leaving Surgeon Parke to attend to his friend Nelson
@@ -8992,10 +8956,10 @@ CHAPTER XI.
 THROUGH THE FOREST TO MAZAMBONI'S PEAK.
 
 
-  In the country of the Balessé--Their houses and clearings--Natives
+  In the country of the Balessé--Their houses and clearings--Natives
   of Bukiri--The first village of dwarfs--Our rate of progress
   increased--The road from Mambungu's--Halts at East and West
-  Indékaru--A little storm between "Three o'clock" and Khamis--We
+  Indékaru--A little storm between "Three o'clock" and Khamis--We
   reach Ibwiri--Khamis and the "vile Zanzibaris"--The Ibwiri
   clearing--Plentiful provisions--The state of my men; and what they
   had recently gone through--Khamis and party explore the
@@ -9005,13 +8969,13 @@ THROUGH THE FOREST TO MAZAMBONI'S PEAK.
   against Messrs. Kilonga-Longa & Co. of Ipoto--Suicide of
   Simba--Sali's reflections on the same--Lieutenant Stairs
   reconnoitres--Muster and re-organisation at Ibwiri--Improved
-  condition of the men--Boryo's village--Balessé customs--East
+  condition of the men--Boryo's village--Balessé customs--East
   Indenduru--We reach the outskirts of the forest--Mount Pisgah--The
   village of Iyugu--Heaven's light at last! The beautiful
-  grass-land--We drop across an ancient crone--Indésura and its
+  grass-land--We drop across an ancient crone--Indésura and its
   products--Juma's capture--The Ituri river again--We emerge upon a
   rolling plain--And forage in some villages--The mode of hut
-  construction--The district of the Babusessé--Our Mbiri
+  construction--The district of the Babusessé--Our Mbiri
   captives--Natives attack the camp--The course of the Ituri--The
   natives of Abunguma--Our fare since leaving Ibwiri--Mazamboni's
   Peak--The east Ituri--A mass of plantations--Demonstration by the
@@ -9023,7 +8987,7 @@ THROUGH THE FOREST TO MAZAMBONI'S PEAK.
 We marched for two hours to Yumbu, and in four and a quarter hours on the
 following day to Busindi.
 
-We were now in the country of the Balessé. The architecture was peculiar.
+We were now in the country of the Balessé. The architecture was peculiar.
 Its peculiarity consisted in a long street flanked by a long low wooden
 building, or rather planked building, on either side, 200, 300, or 400
 feet long. At first sight one of these villages appeared like a long
@@ -9031,7 +8995,7 @@ gable-roofed structure sawn in exact half along the ridge of the roof,
 and as if each half house had been removed backward for a distance of 20
 or 30 feet, and then along the inner sides been boarded up, and pierced
 with low doors, to obtain entrance into independent apartments. The light
-wood of the Rubiacæ affords good material for this kind of house. A
+wood of the Rubiacæ affords good material for this kind of house. A
 sizeable tree, 1 foot 18 inches, or 2 feet in diameter, is felled, and
 the log is cut into short pieces from four to six feet in length; the
 pieces are easily split by hard wedges, and with their small neat adzes
@@ -9049,12 +9013,12 @@ the house varies from 7 to 10 feet. Altogether it is a comfortable and
 snug mode of building, rather dangerous in case of fire, but very
 defensible, with trifling labour.
 
-[Illustration: SHIELDS OF THE BALESSÉ.]
+[Illustration: SHIELDS OF THE BALESSÉ.]
 
-Another peculiarity of the Balessé is the condition of their clearings,
+Another peculiarity of the Balessé is the condition of their clearings,
 and some of these are very extensive, quite a mile and a half in
-diameter, and the whole strewn with the relics, débris, and timber of the
-primeval forest. Indeed I cannot compare a Balessé clearing to anything
+diameter, and the whole strewn with the relics, débris, and timber of the
+primeval forest. Indeed I cannot compare a Balessé clearing to anything
 better than a mighty abattis surrounding the principal village, and over
 this abattis the traveller has to find his way. As one steps out of the
 shadow of the forest, the path is at first, may be, along the trunk of a
@@ -9110,7 +9074,7 @@ though they jerked "Away! away!"
 The chief was styled Mwani. They wore much polished ironwork, rings,
 bells, and anklets, and appeared to be partial to many leglets made of
 calamus fibre, and armlets of the same material, after the manner of
-Karagwé and Uhha. They cultivate maize, beans, plantains, and bananas,
+Karagwé and Uhha. They cultivate maize, beans, plantains, and bananas,
 tobacco, sweet potatoes, yams, brinjalls, melons, gourds. Their goats are
 fine, and of good size. Fowls are plentiful, but fresh eggs are rare.
 
@@ -9143,7 +9107,7 @@ pouch, and thirty cartridges in it. A man who carried my satchel ran away
 with seventy-five Winchester cartridges.
 
 The next day we entered the extensive clearing and large settlement of
-Mambungu's or Nebassé.
+Mambungu's or Nebassé.
 
 Khamis, the chief of the guides, left Ipoto on the 31st, and arrived at
 this place with seven men, according to agreement with Ismaili, my
@@ -9163,7 +9127,7 @@ with awful sounds through the echoing forest; lightning darted hither and
 thither, daily severing some tree-top, or splitting a mighty patriarch
 from crown to base, or blasting some stately and kingly tree; and the
 rain fell with a drowning plenty which chilled and depressed us greatly
-in our poor blooded and anæmic state. But during the march, Providence
+in our poor blooded and anæmic state. But during the march, Providence
 was gracious; the sun shone, and streamed in million beams of soft light
 through the woods, which brightened our feelings, and caused the aisles
 and corridors of the woods to be of Divine beauty, converted the graceful
@@ -9205,10 +9169,10 @@ shall see the end of your troubles."
 
 Verbal reply was not given to me; only a wan smile lightened the
 famine-sharpened features. Our officers had borne these privations with
-the spirit ascribed by Cæsar to Antony, and as well as though they were
+the spirit ascribed by Cæsar to Antony, and as well as though they were
 to the manner born. They fed on the flat wood beans of the forest, on the
 acid wild fruit and strange fungus, with the smiling content of Sybarites
-at a feast. Yet one of them paid £1,000 for this poor privilege, and came
+at a feast. Yet one of them paid £1,000 for this poor privilege, and came
 near being thought too dainty for rough African life. They had been a
 living example to our dark followers, many of whom had probably been
 encouraged to strive for existence by the bright, hopeful looks our
@@ -9218,9 +9182,9 @@ On the following day we crossed the watershed between the Ihuru and Ituri
 rivers, and we now plunged into cool streams flowing to leftward, or
 towards the Ihuru. Hills rose to the right and left in wooded and ridgy
 mounts, and after a march of nine and three-quarter miles, we halted for
-the night at West Indékaru, at the base of a hill whose top rose 600 feet
+the night at West Indékaru, at the base of a hill whose top rose 600 feet
 above the village. Another short march brought us to a village perched
-half-way up a tall mount, which may be designated as East Indékaru, and
+half-way up a tall mount, which may be designated as East Indékaru, and
 by aneroid we were 4,097 feet above the ocean. From this village we
 enjoyed a first view of our surroundings. Instead of crawling like
 mighty bipeds in the twilight, 30 fathoms below the level of the white
@@ -9272,7 +9236,7 @@ and their own freedom, had been cooled by the cruelty, perverseness, and
 niggardliness of the Manyuema. All we had to do was to watch it, bear
 patiently, and be ready.
 
-To our great comfort Khamis confessed that West Indékaru was the utmost
+To our great comfort Khamis confessed that West Indékaru was the utmost
 limit of his master Ismaili's territory.
 
 We, however, were not to part from him until we reached Ibwiri.
@@ -9337,7 +9301,7 @@ Within an hour it was agreed that the western half of the Ibwiri clearing
 should be granted to us for foraging; that the eastern half, from a
 certain stream, should be the reserve of the natives. Khamis, the
 Manyuema, was also induced to enter into the pact. In return for a packet
-of brass rods, Boryo, the principal chief of the Balessé of the district,
+of brass rods, Boryo, the principal chief of the Balessé of the district,
 presented us with five fowls and a goat.
 
 This was a great day. Since August 31st not one follower of the
@@ -9369,7 +9333,7 @@ search out the road from Ibwiri, for, as he informed me, Boryo, the
 chief, had told him of a grass-land being not many days off. He thought
 that with a few of Boryo's natives, and thirty of our riflemen, he could
 discover something of interest. Calling Boryo to me, he confirmed, as
-well as we could understand him, that from a place called Mandé, which he
+well as we could understand him, that from a place called Mandé, which he
 said was only two days' good marching--say forty miles--the grass-land
 could be seen; that herds of cattle came in such numbers to the Ituri
 river to drink that the river "swelled up." All this chimed with my eager
@@ -9517,7 +9481,7 @@ into a similar desperate strait in the midst of the plenty of Ipoto.
 
 The next day Khamis and his Manyuema returned homeward without taking
 leave. I despatched a letter to the officers at Ipoto, sent Khamis' ivory
-and a present of cloth with it to Indékaru, whence the Manyuema might be
+and a present of cloth with it to Indékaru, whence the Manyuema might be
 able to obtain assistance from their own natives. I was never so
 dissatisfied with myself as when I was compelled to treat these men thus
 so kindly, and to allow them to depart without even the small
@@ -9591,7 +9555,7 @@ honour, to commit suicide! Were he a rich Arab now, a merchant Hindu, a
 captain of soldiers, a governor of a district, or a white man who had
 suffered misfortune, or had been the victim of dishonour or shame, yea, I
 could understand the spirit of the suicide; but this Simba, who was no
-better than a slave, an outcast of Unyanyembé, without friends on the
+better than a slave, an outcast of Unyanyembé, without friends on the
 face of the earth, save the few poor things in his own mess in this camp,
 to go and kill himself like a man of wealth! Faugh! pitch him into the
 wilderness, and let him rot! What right has he to the honour of a shroud
@@ -9723,14 +9687,14 @@ leading to villages. There is no doubt it was a favourite spot, for the
 village common was well tamped and adapted for sport, gossip, and
 meetings. The bush around the camp was quite undisturbed.
 
-On the 25th, after 8-1/4 miles march, we reached Indémwani. Our track led
+On the 25th, after 8-1/4 miles march, we reached Indémwani. Our track led
 along the water-parting between the Ituri and Ihuru rivers. The village
 was of oval shape, similar in architecture to Boryo's. A wealth of
 plantains surrounded it, and Indian corn, tobacco, beans, and tomatoes
 were plentiful. In passing through the clearing, over a fearful confusion
 of logs, one of our men toppled over, and fell and broke his neck.
 
-From Indémwani we moved on the 26th to West Indenduru, through a most
+From Indémwani we moved on the 26th to West Indenduru, through a most
 humid land. Streams were crossed at every mile; moss, wet and dripping,
 clothed stems from base to top. Even shrubs and vines were covered with
 it.
@@ -9742,12 +9706,12 @@ huts, which we may take to represent ninety-two families, or thereabouts.
 There was one hut more pretentious than the others, which possibly was
 the chief's house. We had seen now about twenty villages of the forest
 pigmies, but as yet we had only viewed the pretty little woman at
-Ugarrowwa--the miniature Hebé.
+Ugarrowwa--the miniature Hebé.
 
 Lieutenant Stairs, during his reconnaissance from Ibwiri, had reached
 West Indenduru, and had left the village standing; but because he had
 occupied it, the natives had set fire to it after his departure. We
-observed also that the Balessé seldom ate of the produce of a field
+observed also that the Balessé seldom ate of the produce of a field
 twice, and that a plantain grove, after bearing fruit once, is abandoned
 for another; and a corn plot, after being tilled, sown, and harvested, is
 left to revert to wilderness. They appear to be continually planting
@@ -9757,7 +9721,7 @@ ground in one great ruin. For the bananas or plantains, they simply cut
 down the underwood and plant the young bulbs in a shallow hole, with
 sufficient earth to keep it upright. They then cut the forest down, and
 let the trees lie where they fall. In six months the Musa bulbs have
-thriven wonderfully under shade and among roots and débris, and grown to
+thriven wonderfully under shade and among roots and débris, and grown to
 8 feet in height; within a year they have borne fruit. The Indian corn or
 maize requires sunshine. The trees are cut down well above the buttress,
 by building scaffolds 10, 15, or even 20 feet high. The logs are cut up,
@@ -9768,7 +9732,7 @@ them, because that would impoverish the soil, and as the surface is rich
 in humus, it would burn down to the clay.
 
 Considering what great labour is involved in the clearing of a portion of
-primeval forest, we were tempted to regard the Balessé as very foolish in
+primeval forest, we were tempted to regard the Balessé as very foolish in
 burning their villages for such a trivial cause as one night's occupation
 of them by strangers; but it is an instance of the obstinate sullenness
 of these people. Boryo's village, for instance, could scarcely be
@@ -9790,7 +9754,7 @@ perfect trap.
 Field-beans, of a dark variety, were gathered by the bushel, and our men
 revelled in the juice of the sugar-cane.
 
-We were now in S. Lat. 1° 22-1/2' and south of the watershed, all streams
+We were now in S. Lat. 1° 22-1/2' and south of the watershed, all streams
 flowing towards the Ituri.
 
 On the 28th we halted in East Indenduru, and sent three separate
@@ -9889,7 +9853,7 @@ From S.E. to S. extended a range of mountains between 6,000 and 7,000
 feet above the sea. One woman captive indicated S.E. as our future
 direction to the great water that "rolled incessantly on the shore with a
 booming noise, lifting and driving the sand before it," but as we were in
-S. Lat. 1°. 22', on the same parallel as Kavalli, our objective point, I
+S. Lat. 1°. 22', on the same parallel as Kavalli, our objective point, I
 preferred aiming east, straight towards it.
 
 Old Boryo, chief of Ibwiri, had drawn with his hand a semicircle from
@@ -9964,7 +9928,7 @@ bunch of green grass, which was hailed with devout raptures, as Noah and
 his family may have hailed the kindly dove with the olive branch.
 However, they reported that the way they had followed led to a swamp, and
 swamps being a horror to a laden caravan, our afternoon march was made in
-a S.S.E. direction, which in ninety minutes brought us to Indésura,
+a S.S.E. direction, which in ninety minutes brought us to Indésura,
 another village, or rather a district, consisting of several small
 settlements of cone huts thatched with grass. Here we halted.
 
@@ -9991,7 +9955,7 @@ to dotage, made a vigorous defence for her liberty. A Countess of
 Salisbury could not have been more resolute, but the man possessed
 superior strength and craft and hauled her into camp. By dint of smiles
 and coaxing and obsequiously filling a long pipe for her, we learned that
-we were in Indésura, that the people were called Wanya-Sura, that the
+we were in Indésura, that the people were called Wanya-Sura, that the
 villagers quenched their thirst with the waters of the Ituri. "The
 Ituri?" "Ay, the Ituri; this stream close by;" that many days east of us
 was a great broad river, ever so much broader than the Ituri, with canoes
@@ -10010,7 +9974,7 @@ fit of obstinacy and scowled malignantly at all of us except at a bashful
 smooth-faced youth upon whom she apparently doted, but the foolish youth
 ascribed the ugliness of agedness to witchcraft, and fled from her.
 
-Indésura--and, as we discovered later, all the villages situated on the
+Indésura--and, as we discovered later, all the villages situated on the
 edge of the forest--was remarkable for the variety and excellent quality
 of its products. Mostly all the huts contained large baskets of superior
 tobacco weighing from twenty to fifty pounds each, such quantities,
@@ -10059,7 +10023,7 @@ village a few hundred yards when we were stopped by the depth of a river
 forty yards wide and with a current of two and a half miles an hour. The
 old crone called this the Ituri. Marvelling that between Ipoto and Ibwiri
 a river 400 yards wide could be narrowed to such a narrow stream, we had
-returned to Indésura for a day's halt, and I had immediately after sent
+returned to Indésura for a day's halt, and I had immediately after sent
 Lieutenant Stairs and Mr. Jephson with sufficient escort back along
 yesterday's path to find a ford across the Ituri.
 
@@ -10067,11 +10031,11 @@ At 4 P.M. both officers returned to report a successful discovery of a
 ford a mile and a half higher up the stream, and that they had set foot
 upon the grass-land, in proof of which they held a bunch of fine young
 succulent grass. Meantime, Uledi and his party had also found another
-ford waist deep, still nearer Indésura.
+ford waist deep, still nearer Indésura.
 
 On the evening of this day a happier community of men did not exist on
 the face of the round earth than those who rejoiced in the camp of
-Indésura. On the morrow they were to bid farewell to the forest. The
+Indésura. On the morrow they were to bid farewell to the forest. The
 green grassy region of which we had dreamed in our dark hours, when
 slumbering heavily from exhaustion of body and prostration from hunger
 during the days of starvation, was close at hand. Their pots contained
@@ -10081,7 +10045,7 @@ they were now exuberantly happy, and all except ten or twelve men were in
 finer condition than when they had embarked so hopefully for the journey
 in the port of Zanzibar.
 
-On the 4th of December we filed out of Indésura and proceeded to the
+On the 4th of December we filed out of Indésura and proceeded to the
 ford. It was waist deep, and at this place fifty yards wide. Two of the
 aneroids indicated an altitude of 3050 feet above the ocean--1850 feet
 higher than the level of the river at the landing-place of Yambuya, and
@@ -10206,7 +10170,7 @@ conversation could be maintained with them, owing to our very imperfect
 knowledge of any dialect spoken near this region, but a few names of
 nouns assisted by gestures brought out the fact that we were in the
 district of Mbiri, that the main road easterly would take us to the
-Babusessé country, that beyond them lay the Abunguma, all of which
+Babusessé country, that beyond them lay the Abunguma, all of which
 naturally we heard with supreme indifference. What did such names convey
 to dull senses and blank minds? They had never heard of Shakespeare,
 Milton, or even of Her Majesty the Queen.
@@ -10230,7 +10194,7 @@ But instead of confining themselves to monosyllables, which we might
 easily have understood, the wretched woman and boy, anxious to convey too
 much information, smothered comprehension by voluble talk in their
 dialect, and so perplexed us that we had recourse to silence and
-patience. They would show us the way to Babusessé at least.
+patience. They would show us the way to Babusessé at least.
 
 The mode of hut construction is similar to that seen all over East and
 Central Africa. It is the most popular. A cone roof occupies two-thirds
@@ -10258,7 +10222,7 @@ could be roaring over precipices and terraces at this high altitude, and
 after we had purposely struck away from its valley to avoid it.
 
 A march of an hour and a half in the afternoon, apparently not very far
-from the river, brought us to the populous district of the Babusessé. The
+from the river, brought us to the populous district of the Babusessé. The
 banana plantations were very extensive, reminding me of Uganda, and
 their deep shades covered a multitude of huts. Fields of millet and
 sesame, plots of sweet potatoes, occupied the outskirts of these
@@ -10281,7 +10245,7 @@ man's arm to his side, another glancing from a rib admonished its owner
 of his folly. A volley from rifles drove the men away from their covert
 without harm to any of them.
 
-[Illustration: SHIELDS OF BABUSESSÉ.]
+[Illustration: SHIELDS OF BABUSESSÉ.]
 
 At the easternmost settlement we camped. There were only two large
 conical huts and other outhouses in it, and around these the huts for the
@@ -10296,7 +10260,7 @@ of Unyoro, or that of Uganda--
 
 "Nyanza!" cried the native boy--"Nyanza? Ay, the Nyanza lies this way"
 (pointing east) "and extends that way" (north-east) "a long distance;"
-and when asked how many "sleeps" intervened between the Babusessé, held
+and when asked how many "sleeps" intervened between the Babusessé, held
 up three fingers on his dexter hand, and answered "three."
 
 It was now dark, and we were suddenly startled by a shriek of pain, and a
@@ -10348,8 +10312,8 @@ hill she pointed out, half a mile below, the Ituri River flowing
 eastward. The stretch in view was an east by south course.
 
 Now here was a deep puzzle. We had crossed from the right bank to the
-left bank of the Ituri two days previously, in N. Lat. 1° 24': we were
-now in N. Lat. 1° 28'. Yet the Ituri we saw flowed E. by S. and E.S.S.,
+left bank of the Ituri two days previously, in N. Lat. 1° 24': we were
+now in N. Lat. 1° 28'. Yet the Ituri we saw flowed E. by S. and E.S.S.,
 and my route to Kavalli was obviously south of east.
 
 I declined to perplex myself any more with the problem, or in trying to
@@ -10375,7 +10339,7 @@ operations from a hill-top a mile off, with an air of confidence which
 seemed to say, "All right, friends. When you are through, you will have
 to reckon with us." Nothing could be done in such an open land as this
 without "all the world knowing it." The Abunguma shook their spears
-bravely at us; the Babusessé occupied every prominent point on the right
+bravely at us; the Babusessé occupied every prominent point on the right
 side of the river. It appeared once or twice as if our manhood was about
 to be tested on an important scale. There was the comfort, however, that,
 knowing the natives to be alert and active, we could not be surprised on
@@ -10499,7 +10463,7 @@ their distance to be between 800 and 1000 yards from us.
 
 Much to our pleasure and relief the path, instead of ascending those
 steep slopes, skirted their base, and turned east, pursuing the direction
-we wished being now in, North Lat. 1° 25' 30". A valley unfolded to our
+we wished being now in, North Lat. 1° 25' 30". A valley unfolded to our
 view as we rounded the corner of the Peak Range, with a breadth of one to
 two miles wide, which was clothed with luxuriant sorghum ripening for the
 sickle. On our right, rising immediately above us, was the north side of
@@ -10816,7 +10780,7 @@ The arms of the Wazamboni consisted of long bows five and a half feet
 long, and arrows twenty-eight inches long, besides a long sharp spear.
 Their shields were long and narrow generally, but there were many of the
 true Uganda type. The arrows were cruelly barbed, and the spear was
-similar to that of Karagwé, Uhha, Urundi, and Ihangiro.
+similar to that of Karagwé, Uhha, Urundi, and Ihangiro.
 
 [Illustration: VIEW OF THE SOUTH END OF ALBERT NYANZA. (_See page
 306._)]
@@ -10899,7 +10863,7 @@ that fire had a remarkable sedative influence on their nerves.
 The village of Gavira's, wherein we slept that night, was 4,657 feet
 above the sea. It had been a fine day for travel, and a S.E. breeze was
 most cooling. Without it we should have suffered from the great heat. As
-the sun set it became very cold; by midnight the temperature was 60°. We
+the sun set it became very cold; by midnight the temperature was 60°. We
 had travelled nine miles, and mostly all complained of fatigue from the
 marching and constant excitement.
 
@@ -11054,14 +11018,14 @@ were to be quite in vain.
 
 The scene I looked upon was very different to what I had anticipated. I
 had circumnavigated the Victoria Nyanza and the Tanganika, and I had
-viewed the Muta Nzigé from a plateau somewhat similar to this, and canoes
+viewed the Muta Nzigé from a plateau somewhat similar to this, and canoes
 were procurable on either Lake; and on the Victoria and Tanganika it
 would not be difficult, after a little search, to find a tree large
 enough for cutting out a canoe. But I saw here about twenty miles of most
 barren slopes, rugged with great rocks, and furrowed with steep ravines
 and watercourses, whose banks showed a thin fringe of miserable bush, and
 between them were steeply descending sharp and long spurs, either covered
-with rocky and clayey débris or tall green grass. Between the base of
+with rocky and clayey débris or tall green grass. Between the base of
 this lengthy fall of slope and the Lake was a plain about five or six
 miles in breadth, and about twenty miles long, most pleasant to look upon
 from the great altitude we were on. It resembled a well-wooded park land,
@@ -11094,7 +11058,7 @@ immense girdle of mountains and pale sky, lose their outlines, and become
 fused into an indefinite blueness at the sea-horizon north-eastward,
 through which we may vainly seek a limit.
 
-Our point of observation was in N. Lat. 1°. 23'.00". The extreme end of
+Our point of observation was in N. Lat. 1°. 23'.00". The extreme end of
 the eastern end of the lake bore S.E. magnetic, and the extreme western
 end bore S.E. and S.E. by S. Between the two extremities there were five
 inlets, one of which reached two miles further south than any of those
@@ -11139,7 +11103,7 @@ followed us down to the plain.
 
 Half a mile from the base of the mountain we crossed a slightly saline
 stream, which had hollowed a deep channel, banked by precipitous and in
-some places perpendicular walls of débris 50 feet high, on either side.
+some places perpendicular walls of débris 50 feet high, on either side.
 On the edge of one of these latter walls we formed a camp, the half of a
 circle being thus unassailable; the other half we soon made secure with
 brushwood and material from an abandoned village close by. Having
@@ -11311,7 +11275,7 @@ unassailable, and forage north, south, and west in a land abounding with
 grain and cattle, and keep sentries observing the lake and watching for
 the signal of fire or smoke. On her arrival, a hundred rifles could
 descend to the lake to learn the news of Emin Pasha's safety, or perhaps
-of his departure, _viâ_ Ukedi and Usoga, to Zanzibar. The last is
+of his departure, _viâ_ Ukedi and Usoga, to Zanzibar. The last is
 probable, because the latest news that I received from the Foreign Office
 showed that he meditated taking such a step. But now, as we are without
 canoe or boat, I feel, though we are but four days by water from Wadelai,
@@ -11325,9 +11289,9 @@ surplus of ammunition, when perhaps the Pasha has departed from his
 province."
 
 During our afternoon march we travelled along the lake until the island
-of Kasenya bore from our camping-place 127° magnetic, or about a mile
+of Kasenya bore from our camping-place 127° magnetic, or about a mile
 distant, and our observation point on the summit of the plateau bore
-289°.
+289°.
 
 We made a bush fence, and halted at an early hour. The afternoon was
 likewise spent in considering our position more fully under the new light
@@ -11543,7 +11507,7 @@ plateau natives and Lakists, and the gratifying news of a rich discovery
 soon spread through the column. A large store of grain and beans had been
 found, sufficient to give each man five days' unstinted rations.
 
-[Illustration: CORN GRANARY OF THE BABUSESSÉ.]
+[Illustration: CORN GRANARY OF THE BABUSESSÉ.]
 
 At 1 P.M. we resumed our march, after giving positive command that close
 order should be maintained in order to avoid accidents and unnecessary
@@ -11592,7 +11556,7 @@ to give them glimpses of our rule of conduct. But this was the fifth day
 of our forbearance. We were losing men, and we could ill afford to lose
 one, for a vast work remained unfinished. We had still to penetrate the
 forest twice, we had to proceed to Ipoto to carry our boat to the Nyanza,
-search the shores of the Lake as far as Wadelai--even Dufflé, if
+search the shores of the Lake as far as Wadelai--even Dufflé, if
 necessary--for news of Emin, to return back again to the assistance of
 Major Barttelot and the rear-column--who were by this time no doubt
 looking anxiously for help, wearied with their overwhelming task--and
@@ -11639,7 +11603,7 @@ The cold was very great on this high land. Each night since we had
 entered the grass country we had been driven indoors near sunset by the
 raw misty weather of the evening, and we shivered with chattering teeth
 in the extreme chilliness of the young day. On this morning the
-temperature was at 59° Fahrenheit. The men were stark naked owing to the
+temperature was at 59° Fahrenheit. The men were stark naked owing to the
 exactions and extortions of the Manyuema, and had taken kindly to the
 leather dresses of the natives, and the bark cloths worn by the
 aborigines of the forest. After experiencing the extremes of cold to
@@ -11691,7 +11655,7 @@ Ituri River, camped on the right bank.
 
 The 22nd was a halt--both Lieutenant Stairs and myself were prostrated by
 ague and footsores; and on the 23rd we marched to the main Ituri River,
-where we found the Babusessé had withdrawn every canoe. We proceeded down
+where we found the Babusessé had withdrawn every canoe. We proceeded down
 along the bank to a part of the stream that was islanded. By 2 P.M. of
 the 24th we had made a very neat and strong suspension bridge from the
 left bank to an island in midstream, though only two men could travel it
@@ -11701,7 +11665,7 @@ over their shoulders, and the gallant fourteen men scoured up and down
 the banks for canoes, but were unsuccessful. In the meantime a terrible
 storm of hail as large as marbles beat down our tents, nearly froze the
 men, and made everybody miserable with cold. The temperature had suddenly
-fallen from 75° to 52° Fahrenheit. After lasting fifteen minutes the sun
+fallen from 75° to 52° Fahrenheit. After lasting fifteen minutes the sun
 shone on a camp ground strewn with hail.
 
 At daylight, Christmas morning, I sent Mr. Jephson and Chief Rashid
@@ -11722,13 +11686,13 @@ By noon of the 26th the Expedition was across the main Ituri River. Six
 calves were slaughtered for a Christmas ration of beef. The next day one
 of our head men died from inflammation of the lungs, caused by a chill
 caught while halting on the brow of the plateau after the perspiring
-ascent from the lake plain. By the 29th we had reached Indésura; we
+ascent from the lake plain. By the 29th we had reached Indésura; we
 thence proceeded to the small village of three huts near Iyugu. On the
-1st of January, 1888, we camped at Indé-tongo, and the next day passed
+1st of January, 1888, we camped at Indé-tongo, and the next day passed
 by a gigantic granite rock in the forest, which sometimes is used by the
 forest natives as a refuge resort during internecine strife.
 
-On the 6th January we passed by Indémwani, and came across the spot
+On the 6th January we passed by Indémwani, and came across the spot
 whence Msharasha, a Zanzibari, had fallen from a log and broken his neck.
 The scavengers of the woods--the red ants--had eaten the scalp and picked
 the skull clean, until it resembled a large ostrich egg. The chest of the
@@ -11785,7 +11749,7 @@ direct and earnest march to the Albert Lake, to serve a Governor who had
 cried to the world, "Help us quickly, or we perish." For the sake of
 this, Major Barttelot had been allowed to bring up the rear column, the
 sick had been housed at Ugarrowwa's and Kilonga-Longa's stations, the
-extra goods had been buried in a sandy caché at Nelson's starvation camp
+extra goods had been buried in a sandy caché at Nelson's starvation camp
 or stored at Ipoto, the boat _Advance_ had been disconnected and hidden
 in the bush, and Nelson and Surgeon Parke had been boarded with the
 Manyuema, and everything that had threatened to impede, delay, or thwart
@@ -12016,7 +11980,7 @@ bill-hook was applied to destroy their perches. Various species of the
 Dendrophis, of brilliant colouring, also were revealed. Three bloated
 puff-adders, gorgeous in their complicated system of decorations, were
 killed; four horned snakes crept out of their holes to attack and be
-slain; one of the Lycodontidæ, curious for its long fangs, was roasted
+slain; one of the Lycodontidæ, curious for its long fangs, was roasted
 out of its hiding-place, while several little, blind, blunt-headed,
 silvery snakes, not much larger than earthworms, were turned up by the
 hoes. Tortoises were very common, and the mephitis left frequent traces
@@ -12048,7 +12012,7 @@ fancies fled after Stairs at Ipoto; or my thoughts were filled with
 visions of Barttelot and Jameson struggling through the forest,
 overwhelmed with their gigantic task, or they dwelt upon the mystery
 surrounding the Pasha, or upon the vicious dwarfs and the murderous
-Balessé and their doings, or upon the necessities of providing, day after
+Balessé and their doings, or upon the necessities of providing, day after
 day, food and meat for the present, as well as for future months.
 
 On the 7th of February the sounding line was stretched out to measure out
@@ -12138,7 +12102,7 @@ _Report of Surgeon_ T. H. Parke, _Army Medical Department, in medical_
 
   Captain Nelson arrived in a very weak condition, requiring good
   food and careful treatment. He visited the chiefs, and made them
-  handsome presents of articles costing about £75, with a view to win
+  handsome presents of articles costing about £75, with a view to win
   their sympathy; however, they continued to give little or no food
   to officers or men: they said that no arrangement had been made for
   provisioning Captain Nelson, and any food they sent to me was
@@ -12271,7 +12235,7 @@ us.
 
 On the morning of the 16th February, at muster, it was proclaimed that
 twenty first-class volunteers were required to convey our letters to
-Major Barttelot, at £10 reward for each man if they succeeded in reaching
+Major Barttelot, at £10 reward for each man if they succeeded in reaching
 him, because, said I, "You have all combined to demand that we should
 find the Pasha first. It is well. But I feel as anxious about the Major
 as I do about the Pasha. We must find both. You who remember what we
@@ -12336,11 +12300,11 @@ Kamwaiya, who have been killed with arrows, and one of the headmen has
 been severely wounded. This occurred during a patrolling tour as far as
 the Ihuru, fourteen geographical miles due north from here. Uledi and a
 party has discovered the haunts of the dwarfs and taller aborigines who
-rob our plantain groves to be at Alessé and Nderi, fourteen geographical
+rob our plantain groves to be at Alessé and Nderi, fourteen geographical
 miles east.
 
 I find that Uledi has captured a Queen of the Pigmies, who is the wife of
-the Chief of Indékaru. She was brought in to be seen by me with three
+the Chief of Indékaru. She was brought in to be seen by me with three
 rings of polished iron around her neck, the ends of which were coiled
 like a watch spring. Three iron rings were suspended to each ear. She is
 of a light brown complexion, with broad round face, large eyes, and small
@@ -12415,7 +12379,7 @@ couriers are speeding towards him, and are probably opposite the Nepoko
 at this date, and Stairs has found so many men yet crippled with ulcers
 that he is unable to travel fast. With 126 men I attempt the relief of
 Emin Pasha the second time. The garrison consists of all those who suffer
-from debility, anæmia--who were fellow-sufferers with Nelson at
+from debility, anæmia--who were fellow-sufferers with Nelson at
 Starvation Camp--and leg sores, some of which are perfectly incurable.
 
 The labour performed about the fort is extensive. Nelson has an
@@ -12468,7 +12432,7 @@ TO THE ALBERT NYANZA A SECOND TIME.
   Difficulties with the steel boat--African forest craft--Splendid
   capture of pigmies, and description of the same--We cross the Ituri
   river--Dr. Parke's delight on leaving the forest--Camp at
-  Bessé--Zanzibari wit--At Nzera-Kum-hill once more--Intercourse with
+  Bessé--Zanzibari wit--At Nzera-Kum-hill once more--Intercourse with
   the natives--"Malleju," or the "Bearded One," being first news of
   Emin--Visit from chief Mazamboni and his followers--Jephson goes
   through the form of friendship with Mazamboni--The medicine men,
@@ -12505,7 +12469,7 @@ so skilled in the invention of expedients as to produce new styles of
 molestation and annoyance.
 
 The dwarfs' village at the crossing was our next resting-place, and
-Indémwani was reached on the 4th. The next day we moved to another
+Indémwani was reached on the 4th. The next day we moved to another
 dwarfs' village, and in the neighbouring plantain grove Saat Tato and a
 few friends, while collecting a few of the fruit, made a splendid capture
 of pigmies. We had four women and a boy, and in them I saw two distinct
@@ -12514,7 +12478,7 @@ with small, cunning, monkey eyes, close, and deeply set. The four others
 possessed large, round eyes, full and prominent, broad round foreheads
 and round faces, small hands and feet, with slight prognathy of jaws,
 figures well formed, though diminutive, and of a bricky complexion.
-"Partial roast coffee," "chocolate," "cocoa," and "_café au lait_" are
+"Partial roast coffee," "chocolate," "cocoa," and "_café au lait_" are
 terms that do not describe the colour correctly, but the common red clay
 brick when half baked would correspond best in colour to that of the
 complexion of these little people. Saat Tato reported that there were
@@ -12532,7 +12496,7 @@ not have seen her seventeenth year. No fault could be found in the
 proportion of any one member; her complexion was bright and healthy; her
 eyes were brilliant, round, and large; her upper lip had the peculiar cut
 of that of the Wambutti noticeable in the woman at Ugarrowwas, and the
-chief's wife of Indékaru, which is the upper edge curving upward with a
+chief's wife of Indékaru, which is the upper edge curving upward with a
 sharp angle and dropping perpendicularly, resembling greatly a clean up
 and down cut with a curl up of the skin as though it had contracted
 somewhat. I believe this to be as marked a feature of the Wambutti as the
@@ -12554,8 +12518,8 @@ a drizzly rain.
 
 On the 8th we reached Indepessu, and two days later we travelled from the
 base of Pisgah, along an easterly path, a new track which led us through
-the little villages of Mandé to the Ituri river. The natives had all fled
-from Mandé and the slopes of Pisgah across the river with their movable
+the little villages of Mandé to the Ituri river. The natives had all fled
+from Mandé and the slopes of Pisgah across the river with their movable
 property, and the men were awaiting events on the left bank, confident
 that they were beyond reach. As we emerged into view on the right bank I
 was quite struck with the light brown mass the warriors made against the
@@ -12569,7 +12533,7 @@ across the Ituri by means of the boat. The vanguard picked up a ten-pound
 packet of clean native salt which had been dropped by the natives in
 their flight. Salt was a condiment greatly needed, and we were greatly
 rejoiced at the prize. We were now in the territory of the Bakuba, near
-the clearing of Kande-koré, which was one of the richest clearings in the
+the clearing of Kande-koré, which was one of the richest clearings in the
 forest of the Upper Congo basin. On the edge of the bank we were 3,000
 feet above the sea.
 
@@ -12598,14 +12562,14 @@ S.E. appeared round the southern extremity of Mazamboni's range, and as
 it advanced, spread over the blue sky, and became merged with the cloud
 over the forest, and then rain fell.
 
-At an altitude of 3,200 feet above the sea the village of Bessé is
+At an altitude of 3,200 feet above the sea the village of Bessé is
 situated, seven hours' march from the Ituri. Though it was yet early
 forenoon we camped, the abundance of good ripe bananas, corn, fowls,
 sugar-cane, and banana wine being very tempting, and the distance to
 other villages east being unknown. Quite an active skirmish soon occurred
 while we were engaged making ready our quarters. Fetteh, the sole
 interpreter to the tribes of the plains, was grievously wounded over the
-stomach. The Babessé attempted various means to molest us as the long
+stomach. The Babessé attempted various means to molest us as the long
 grass favoured them, but by posting sharpshooters in the native lookouts
 in the trees the knowledge that their tactics were supervised soon
 demoralised them.
@@ -12645,7 +12609,7 @@ accused of being naughty, to reply to the accuser that he is a gentleman,
 but it must be admitted that the African reply is not inferior in
 politeness.
 
-A little east of Bessé we lost the native track, and were obliged to
+A little east of Bessé we lost the native track, and were obliged to
 strike across country, steering straight for Undussuma Peak which now
 began to lift itself into view, over the swells of grass-land that spread
 in great waves towards its foot. The sun was fearfully hot, and as the
@@ -12984,7 +12948,7 @@ Instead of pursuing along our first course to the Lake, we struck
 north-east to the village of Kavalli, where the mysterious packet was
 said to be. The grass was short cropped by numerous herds of cattle, and
 covered every inch and made it resemble a lawn, save where the land
-dipped down into the miniature cañons, which had been scooped out by
+dipped down into the miniature cañons, which had been scooped out by
 centuries of rain.
 
 As we traversed the smiling land, hailed, and greeted, and welcomed, by
@@ -13212,7 +13176,7 @@ THE MEETING WITH EMIN PASHA.
   descriptions of Emin--Proximity of Kabba Rega--Emin and the
   Equatorial Provinces--Dr. Junker's report of Emin--I discuss with
   Emin our future proceedings--Captain Casati's plans--Our camp and
-  provisions at Nsabé--Kabba Rega's treatment of Captain Casati and
+  provisions at Nsabé--Kabba Rega's treatment of Captain Casati and
   Mohammed Biri--Mabruki gored by a buffalo--Emin Pasha and his
   soldiers--My propositions to Emin and his answer--Emin's
   position--Mahommet Achmet--The Congo State--The Foreign Office
@@ -13348,7 +13312,7 @@ Pasha and Captain Casati.[M]
 The party were conducted to the boat, which conveyed them to the
 steamer.
 
-_April 30th._--Marched Expedition to Nsabé, a fine dry grassy spot, fifty
+_April 30th._--Marched Expedition to Nsabé, a fine dry grassy spot, fifty
 yards from Lake and about three miles from Nyamsassi Island. As we passed
 the anchorage of the steamer _Khedive_, we found a detachment of the
 Pasha's Soudanese drawn up on the Lake shore on parade to salute us with
@@ -13400,12 +13364,12 @@ his beard is dark almost to blackness, while his activity would befit a
 man of thirty or thirty-five.
 
 The Pasha tells me that he has visited Monbuttu, but, like the travellers
-Schweinfürth, Casati, Piaggia, and Junker, he has not made any
+Schweinfürth, Casati, Piaggia, and Junker, he has not made any
 astronomical observations, but confined himself solely to the compass
 survey. The meteorology of this climate, however, has received greater
 attention, as might be expected from his methodical habitude of mind.
 
-About noon we anchored off Nsabé, and I went ashore to bestir the men to
+About noon we anchored off Nsabé, and I went ashore to bestir the men to
 make a respectable camp suitable for a protracted halt in a country that
 we might well call dangerous owing to the proximity of Kabba Rega. That
 king, having thrown down the gage of battle to Emin Pasha, might fancy
@@ -13523,7 +13487,7 @@ stock of goods ready for the journey to the coast."
 
 "Well, well. We will defer further talk of it till to-morrow."
 
-_May 1st_.--Halt at Nsabé.
+_May 1st_.--Halt at Nsabé.
 
 About 11 a.m. Emin Pasha came ashore, and upon being seated we resumed in
 a short time our conversation of last evening.
@@ -13574,7 +13538,7 @@ among your men; but of course you know your own men best."
 
 "Well, I shall send the steamer down to-morrow with the Khedive's letter,
 and you would oblige me greatly if you would allow one of your officers
-to go and show himself to the troops at Dufflé. Let him speak to the men
+to go and show himself to the troops at Dufflé. Let him speak to the men
 himself, and say that he has come from the representative of the
 Government, who has been specially sent by the Khedive to bring them out,
 and perhaps when they have seen him, and talked with your Soudanese, they
@@ -13632,7 +13596,7 @@ rifles, and that the rest were armed with percussion muskets.
 _May 2nd._--The _Khedive_ steamer left this morning for the northward,
 first to Mswa Station, thence to Tunguru, fourteen and a half hours'
 steaming from hence; two days later she will sail for Wadelai, the third
-day for Dufflé. She carries letters from the Pasha to bring up sixty or
+day for Dufflé. She carries letters from the Pasha to bring up sixty or
 seventy soldiers, a Major, and as many carriers as can be mustered. She
 will probably be fourteen days absent. In the meantime we await here her
 return.
@@ -13641,7 +13605,7 @@ I omitted to state before that the Pasha brought with him, according to
 my letter, a few bullocks and milk cows, about forty sheep and goats, and
 as many fowls, besides several thousand pounds of grain, as rations to
 subsist the Expedition pending the time we should remain on the Nyanza,
-as the shore in the neighbourhood of Nsabé is entirely destitute of food
+as the shore in the neighbourhood of Nsabé is entirely destitute of food
 except what may be obtained by hunting. With care we have quite three
 weeks' provisions on hand.
 
@@ -13723,7 +13687,7 @@ Pasha signalled to the _Khedive_ to drop two anchors. As there was good
 holding ground the steamer rode the gale safely. Since then we have had
 several strong squalls accompanied with rain day and night.
 
-_May 3rd_.--Nsabé Camp.
+_May 3rd_.--Nsabé Camp.
 
 Kavalli's people, like good subjects to their absent prince, came to
 visit him to-day, bringing with them ten baskets of potatoes, which were
@@ -13771,9 +13735,9 @@ effect being given by them that you will remain with them.
 Belgians. He has requested me to inform you that in order to prevent the
 lapse of the Equatorial Provinces to barbarism, and provided they can
 yield a reasonable revenue, the Congo State might undertake the
-government of them if it could be done by an expenditure of about £10,000
-or £12,000 per annum; and further, that his Majesty King Leopold was
-willing to pay a sufficient salary to you--£1,500 as Governor, with the
+government of them if it could be done by an expenditure of about £10,000
+or £12,000 per annum; and further, that his Majesty King Leopold was
+willing to pay a sufficient salary to you--£1,500 as Governor, with the
 rank of General--in the belief that such employment agrees with your own
 inclination. Your duty would be to keep open the communications between
 the Nile and Congo, and to maintain law and order in the Equatorial
@@ -13897,7 +13861,7 @@ effective occupation over a territory so remote. They are too distant
 from Wadi Haifa, the present true limit of her territory. When she
 connects Wadi Haifa with Berber, or Khartoum or Suakim with Berber by
 railway, Lado may be considered the extreme southern limit of her
-territory. When a railway connects Lado with Dufflé the true limit of
+territory. When a railway connects Lado with Dufflé the true limit of
 Egyptian authority will be the southern end of this Lake, provided always
 that the military force will be sufficient to maintain this mode of
 communication uninterrupted. When do you think all this will happen?
@@ -13907,7 +13871,7 @@ During your lifetime?
 Provinces? The King of the Belgians? Well, there is a stipulation
 connected with this proposal, and that is, if the Provinces can 'give a
 reasonable revenue.' You are the best judge of this matter, and whether
-£10,000 or £12,000 subsidy will suffice for the support of the Government
+£10,000 or £12,000 subsidy will suffice for the support of the Government
 of these Provinces. The revenue, whatever it may be with this additional
 sum, must be sufficient to maintain about twenty stations between here
 and Yambuya, a distance of 650 miles or thereabouts; that is, to pay
@@ -14006,7 +13970,7 @@ CHAPTER XVI.
 WITH THE PASHA (_continued_).
 
 
-  Fortified stations in the Province--Storms at Nsabé--A nest of
+  Fortified stations in the Province--Storms at Nsabé--A nest of
   young crocodiles--Lake Ibrahim--Zanzibari raid on Balegga
   villages--Dr. Parke goes in search of the two missing men--The
   Zanzibaris again--A real tornado--The Pasha's gifts to
@@ -14027,10 +13991,10 @@ WITH THE PASHA (_continued_).
   warriors--Music on the African Continent--Camp at Nzera-kum
   Hill--Presents from various chiefs--Chief Musiri wishes for peace.
 
-_May 4th._--Mswa, I am told, is 9 hours' distance from Nsabé camp by
+_May 4th._--Mswa, I am told, is 9 hours' distance from Nsabé camp by
 steamer, thence to Tunguru is 5 hours, and to Wadelai 18 hours. The other
-fortified stations are named Fabbo, east of Nile; Dufflé end of
-navigation; Horiyu, Laboré, Muggi, Kirri, Bedden, Rejaf, and three or
+fortified stations are named Fabbo, east of Nile; Dufflé end of
+navigation; Horiyu, Laboré, Muggi, Kirri, Bedden, Rejaf, and three or
 four small stations inland, west of the Nile.
 
 He has spoken in a more hopeful tone to-day of the prospects of returning
@@ -14038,7 +14002,7 @@ from the shores of the Albert, the Victoria Lake region appearing even
 more attractive than at first. But there is something about it all that I
 cannot fathom.
 
-_May 6th._--Halt at Nsabé.
+_May 6th._--Halt at Nsabé.
 
 Another storm broke out to-day, commencing at 8 A.M., blowing from the
 north-east. The previous gales were south-easters, veering to east.
@@ -14049,16 +14013,16 @@ rollers, which, as they approached the shore, we saw were separated by
 great troughs, very dangerous to any small craft that might be overtaken
 by the storm.
 
-_May 7th._--Halt at Nsabé.
+_May 7th._--Halt at Nsabé.
 
 While at dinner with me this evening, the Pasha informed me that Casati
 had expressed himself very strongly against the route proposed to be
-taken, _viâ_ Usongora, south, and advised the Pasha to take the Monbuttu
+taken, _viâ_ Usongora, south, and advised the Pasha to take the Monbuttu
 route to the Congo. From which I conclude that the Pasha has been
 speaking to Casati about going home. Has he then altered his mind about
 the Victoria?
 
-_May 8th._--Halt at Nsabé.
+_May 8th._--Halt at Nsabé.
 
 Each day has its storm of wind and rain, loud thunder-claps, preceded by
 a play of lightning flashes, most beautiful, but terrible.
@@ -14070,7 +14034,7 @@ claws on the hinder. It has been stated that a crocodile raises the upper
 jaw to devour, whereas the fact is it depresses the lower jaw like other
 animals.
 
-_May 9th, 10th._--Halt at Nsabé.
+_May 9th, 10th._--Halt at Nsabé.
 
 _May 11th._--Food supply is getting low. Five men have wandered off in
 search of something, and have not returned since yesterday. I hope we are
@@ -14091,7 +14055,7 @@ the plateau N.N.W. from here. They were surrounded by the natives, and
 two of them seemed to have been killed, while the other two, who escaped,
 show severe wounds.
 
-_May 12th._--Halt at Nsabé.
+_May 12th._--Halt at Nsabé.
 
 This morning sent Doctor Parke with forty-five rifles to hunt up the two
 missing men. One of them came in at 9 a.m. after a night spent in the
@@ -14129,7 +14093,7 @@ the matter, and therefore I shall give you no medicines. Cure your own
 wounds if you can, and you three fellows, if you recover, shall pay me
 for my rifle.
 
-_May 13th._--Halt at Nsabé.
+_May 13th._--Halt at Nsabé.
 
 The doctor returned from his quest of the missing without further
 incident than burning two small villages and firing a few shots at
@@ -14157,7 +14121,7 @@ have wished to have viewed the careering rollers and tempestuous face of
 the lake by daylight. It is to be hoped that the old _Khedive_ was safely
 harboured, otherwise she must have foundered.
 
-_May 14th._--Halt at Nsabé.
+_May 14th._--Halt at Nsabé.
 
 The steamer _Khedive_ arrived this afternoon, bringing in a supply of
 millet grain and a few milch cows. The Pasha came up smiling with welcome
@@ -14203,7 +14167,7 @@ again, but that we shall have to wait afterwards at least two months
 before he can get his people together. Instead of setting to work during
 our absence to collect his people and prepare for the journey, it is
 proposed to wait until my return with the rear column, when it is
-expected I shall go as far as Dufflé to persuade the people to follow me.
+expected I shall go as far as Dufflé to persuade the people to follow me.
 He still feels assured his people will not go to Egypt, but may be
 induced to march as far as the Victoria Nyanza.
 
@@ -14222,16 +14186,16 @@ forays have resulted in bringing us 500, 800, and 1200 head."
 Both yesterday and to-day have been very pleasant. The temperature of air
 in shade, according to Fahrenheit, has been as follows:--
 
-     9    A.M.     Breeze from S.E.    86°
-    10.30 A.M.                         88°30"
-     1.30 P.M.                         88°30"
-     7    P.M.                         76°
-    Midnight                           73°
-     6    A.M.                         73°
-    Compensated aneroid. Mean 2·350 feet above sea.
+     9    A.M.     Breeze from S.E.    86°
+    10.30 A.M.                         88°30"
+     1.30 P.M.                         88°30"
+     7    P.M.                         76°
+    Midnight                           73°
+     6    A.M.                         73°
+    Compensated aneroid. Mean 2·350 feet above sea.
 
 
-_May 16th._--Nsabé Camp.
+_May 16th._--Nsabé Camp.
 
 The steamer _Khedive_ departed this morning for Mswa Station and Tunguru,
 and probably for Wadelai, to hurry up a certain number of porters to
@@ -14243,7 +14207,7 @@ through the plain towards Badzwa Village. When we take our departure
 hence we shall find our advantage in the shorter cut than by taking the
 roundabout path by Nyamsassi Island and the site of old Kavalli.
 
-Fetteh, our interpreter, wounded in the stomach at the skirmish of Bessé,
+Fetteh, our interpreter, wounded in the stomach at the skirmish of Bessé,
 is now quite recovered, and is fast regaining his old weight.
 
 Mabruki, the son of Kassim, so mangled by the buffalo the other day, is
@@ -14255,11 +14219,11 @@ of Lando, shows also signs of rapid recovery.
 We live in hay-cock huts now, and may consider ourselves householders
 (according to Emin Pasha) of the Albert Nyanza Province.
 
-_May 17th._--Nsabé Camp.
+_May 17th._--Nsabé Camp.
 
 Our road is now 2,360 paces long towards Badzwa Village.
 
-_May 18th._-- Nsabé Camp.
+_May 18th._-- Nsabé Camp.
 
 Our hunters, when receiving cartridges, insist on their being laid on
 the ground. Ill luck would follow if the cartridges were delivered to
@@ -14312,28 +14276,28 @@ dance to a late hour each night.
 
 [Illustration: THE STEAMERS "KHEDIVE" AND "NYANZA" ON LAKE ALBERT.]
 
-_May 19th._--Nsabé Camp.
+_May 19th._--Nsabé Camp.
 
 Our road towards Badzwa is now three and a third miles long. We have but
 to hoe up the grass along a line, and we have a beautiful path, with the
 almost imperceptible rise of 1 foot in 200.
 
-_May 20th._--Nsabé Camp.
+_May 20th._--Nsabé Camp.
 
 Captured two small brown snakes of a slight coppery tint in my tent this
 morning.
 
-_May 21st._--Nsabé Camp.
+_May 21st._--Nsabé Camp.
 
 The Pasha is now able to read the sextant very well. He has also made an
 advance towards finding index error; though he labours under the
 infirmity of short sight, he is quick and devoted to his intention of
 acquiring the art of observing by the instrument. At noon we took
-meridian altitude for practice. He observed altitude was 70° 54' 40" at
+meridian altitude for practice. He observed altitude was 70° 54' 40" at
 one-and-half miles distant, height of eye five feet. Index error to add
 3'15".
 
-_May 22nd._--Nsabé Camp.
+_May 22nd._--Nsabé Camp.
 
 The steamers _Khedive_ and _Nyanza_, the latter towing a lighter,
 appeared to-day about 9 A.M., bringing 80 soldiers, with the Major and
@@ -14436,7 +14400,7 @@ the 130 were secured.
 A second message was therefore sent to the Pasha acquainting him with the
 events of the march.
 
-When about five miles from Nsabé Camp, while looking to the south-east,
+When about five miles from Nsabé Camp, while looking to the south-east,
 and meditating upon the events of the last month, my eyes were directed
 by a boy to a mountain said to be covered with salt, and I saw a peculiar
 shaped cloud of a most beautiful silver colour, which assumed the
@@ -14448,7 +14412,7 @@ I became for the first time conscious that what I gazed upon was not the
 image or semblance of a vast mountain, but the solid substance of a real
 one, with its summit covered with snow. I ordered a halt and examined it
 carefully with a field-glass, then took a compass bearing of the centre
-of it, and found it bear 215° magnetic. It now dawned upon me that this
+of it, and found it bear 215° magnetic. It now dawned upon me that this
 must be the Ruwenzori, which was said to be covered with a white metal or
 substance believed to be rock, as reported by Kavalli's two slaves.
 
@@ -14517,7 +14481,7 @@ I received the following letters to-day from the Pasha. When he talks of
 pride and joy at being in our company, I think we are all unanimous in
 believing that he has given us as much pleasure as we have given him.
 
-                                                         Nsabé Camp,
+                                                         Nsabé Camp,
                                             _25th May, 1888_, 5 A.M.
 
   Dear Sir,
@@ -14531,7 +14495,7 @@ believing that he has given us as much pleasure as we have given him.
 
   By a mere chance it happened that when Dr. Parke came a boat from
   Mswa station had arrived, bringing me intelligence of the arrival
-  there of 120 porters from Dufflé. I therefore started immediately
+  there of 120 porters from Dufflé. I therefore started immediately
   the _Khedive_ steamer to bring them here, and expect her back this
   very night, when, at her arrival, I shall start the whole gang,
   accompanied by a detachment of my people.
@@ -14552,7 +14516,7 @@ believing that he has given us as much pleasure as we have given him.
                                                (Signed) Dr. M. Emin.
 
 
-                                                         Nsabé Camp,
+                                                         Nsabé Camp,
                                          _26th May, 1888_, 2:30 A.M.
 
   Dear Sir,
@@ -14727,7 +14691,7 @@ African continent. The Zanzibaris, Zulus, Waiau, Wasegara, Waseguhha, and
 Wangindo are in the main very much alike in method and execution, though
 they have each minor dances and songs, which vary considerably, but they
 are either dreadfully melancholiac or stupidly barbarous. The Wasoga,
-Waganda, Wakerewé, Wazongora, around Lake Victoria, are more subdued, a
+Waganda, Wakerewé, Wazongora, around Lake Victoria, are more subdued, a
 crude bardic, with something of the whine of the Orient--Mustapha, or
 Hussein, or Hassan, moaning below lattices to the obdurate Fatima or
 stony-eared Roxana. Except the Wanyamwezi, I have not heard any music or
@@ -14738,7 +14702,7 @@ the chief warriors to the phalanx dance. Half a score of drums, large and
 small, had been beaten by half a score of accomplished performers,
 keeping admirable time, and emitting a perfect volume of sound which must
 have been heard far away for miles, and in the meantime Katto, and his
-cousin Kalengé, adorned with glorious tufts of white cocks' feathers,
+cousin Kalengé, adorned with glorious tufts of white cocks' feathers,
 were arranging thirty-three lines of thirty-three men each as nearly as
 possible in the form of a perfect and solid and close square. Most of
 these men had but one spear each, others possessed two besides their
@@ -14890,10 +14854,10 @@ he entered the Egyptian service, and was despatched to Khartoum.
 
                   *       *       *       *       *
 
-"Gordon first appointed me as surgeon at £25 a month. He then raised me
-to £30, and after my mission to Uganda he surprised me with increasing my
-pay to £40, but when I became Governor of this Province my pay like other
-Provincial Governors' became £50 monthly. What the pay of a General is I
+"Gordon first appointed me as surgeon at £25 a month. He then raised me
+to £30, and after my mission to Uganda he surprised me with increasing my
+pay to £40, but when I became Governor of this Province my pay like other
+Provincial Governors' became £50 monthly. What the pay of a General is I
 do not know, but then I am only a 'Miraman,' a kind of civilian Pasha,
 who receives pay while employed, but immediately his services are not
 required he becomes unpaid. I expected to be made a military Pasha--a
@@ -14906,8 +14870,8 @@ receive my pay, without any advice from me about it. For several months I
 believe it was paid to him regularly. But finally Gordon appointed the
 same Vice-Consul Governor of Darfour, when he shortly after died. When
 his effects were collected and his small debts paid, there were found
-sufficient funds to present his wife with £500 and send her to Cairo, and
-to transfer £50 to my account as his principal creditor. A few months
+sufficient funds to present his wife with £500 and send her to Cairo, and
+to transfer £50 to my account as his principal creditor. A few months
 afterwards Khartoum fell, and what money had been deposited there after
 the Vice-Consul's death was lost of course. So that for eight years I
 have received no pay at all."
@@ -15107,7 +15071,7 @@ drum, for I have frequently heard them rattling away at it in the silence
 of the night."
 
 He observed that parrots are never seen along the shores of Lake Albert.
-Up to lat. 2° N. they are seen in Unyoro, but the Lake people do not seem
+Up to lat. 2° N. they are seen in Unyoro, but the Lake people do not seem
 to understand what is referred to when parrots are mentioned.
 
 Our people captured a pair of very young mongoose, which were taken to
@@ -15215,13 +15179,13 @@ a fight was imminent, but the courage and good sense of its chief enabled
 both parties to avoid a useless rupture.
 
 A good example has its imitators as well as bad examples. The chiefs of
-Wombola and Kametté heard how quickly we had embraced the friendly offers
+Wombola and Kametté heard how quickly we had embraced the friendly offers
 of Mukangi, and when we marched through their districts the next day not
-one war-cry was heard or a hostile figure appeared. Those of Kametté
+one war-cry was heard or a hostile figure appeared. Those of Kametté
 called out to us to keep on our way, it is true, but it was just, as we
-had no business in Kametté, and the day was yet young; but on our arrival
+had no business in Kametté, and the day was yet young; but on our arrival
 at the next village, Ukuba, we were tired, and disposed to rest after a
-five hours' march. But Ukuba, of Bessé district, had already experienced
+five hours' march. But Ukuba, of Bessé district, had already experienced
 our weapons on the 12th April last, and we were permitted to camp
 quietly. At sunset we were gratified at seeing several of the natives
 walking unarmed to camp, and in the morning they came again with presents
@@ -15231,13 +15195,13 @@ On the 3rd we pressed on rapidly, and captured the canoes to ferry our
 party across the Ituri, which, though there had been but little rain of
 late, we found to be as full as in rainy April.
 
-On the next day we captured a woman of Mandé after crossing the river,
+On the next day we captured a woman of Mandé after crossing the river,
 and released her to tell her people that we were harmless enough if the
 road was undisturbed. It may extend the area over which peace between us
 and the natives is established.
 
 On the 5th we camped at Baburu, and on the next day at W. Indenduru. On
-the 7th a seven hours' march brought us to a stream called Miwalé River,
+the 7th a seven hours' march brought us to a stream called Miwalé River,
 from the great number of raphia palms; and the next day we entered Fort
 Bodo, bringing with us six head of cattle, a flock of sheep and goats, a
 few loads of native tobacco, four gallons of the Pasha's whisky, and some
@@ -15398,7 +15362,7 @@ journey, which amply accounts for his detention:--
 
 Of the condition of the garrison at Fort Bodo there was but little to
 complain; the ulcerous persons, though nothing improved, were not worse;
-the anæmic victims of the tortures of Manyuema at Ipoto had gained
+the anæmic victims of the tortures of Manyuema at Ipoto had gained
 possibly a few ounces in weight; the chronically indolent and malingerers
 still existed to remind us by their aspects of misery that they were not
 suitable for the long and desperate journey yet before us. We expected
@@ -15589,10 +15553,10 @@ the 22nd of the same month at Lake Albert.
 
     "Fort Bodo to     Ugarrowwa's     July  5th
     Thence to         Avisibba         "   25th
-      "    "          Mupé            Aug. 14th
+      "    "          Mupé            Aug. 14th
       "    "          Yambuya         Sept. 3rd
     Halt 10 days        --             "   13th
-    Return to         Mupé            Oct.  3rd
+    Return to         Mupé            Oct.  3rd
       "    "          Panga Falls      "   23rd
       "    "          Fort Bodo       Dec. 22nd
     Halt 5 days         --             "   27th
@@ -15642,7 +15606,7 @@ extremely improbable that from June 28th, 1887, to June 16th,
 Mr. Greshoff's steamer would be available for our service.
 
 "Besides, you must remember that both captain and engineer of the
-_Stanley_ were each promised a reward of £50 sterling if they would
+_Stanley_ were each promised a reward of £50 sterling if they would
 arrive within reasonable time. Such amounts to poor men are not trifles,
 and I feel assured that if they have not been prevented by their
 superiors from fulfilling their promise, all goods and men arrived safely
@@ -15689,7 +15653,7 @@ arrived in due date, and that, finding Tippu-Tib had broken faith, he
 began the move as he promised--he would be at Panga Falls; but if the
 severe work has demoralized him, and he has demoralized his carriers,
 well, then, he is stranded far below Panga Falls--probably at Wasp
-Rapids, probably at Mupé or at Banalya, or at Gwengweré Rapids--with but
+Rapids, probably at Mupé or at Banalya, or at Gwengweré Rapids--with but
 100 despairing carriers and his Soudanese, and he is perforce compelled
 by the magnitude of his task to halt and wait. I have tried every
 possible solution, and this is the one on which my opinion becomes
@@ -15871,7 +15835,7 @@ towards Yambuya in excellent spirits, loudly cheered by the garrison and
 with the best wishes of the officers. We numbered 113 Zanzibaris,
 ninety-five Madi carriers, four of Emin Pasha's soldiers, two whites
 besides Dr. Parke and his little band of fourteen men, whose company we
-were to have as far as Ipoto. Indékaru was reached on the evening of the
+were to have as far as Ipoto. Indékaru was reached on the evening of the
 17th, amid a heavy storm of rain. The next day was a halt to collect more
 plantains. On the 19th we camped at Ndugu-bisha, the day following at
 Nzalli's. We had by this time been introduced to the difficulties of
@@ -16083,7 +16047,7 @@ virgin forest we formed camp, despatched the people to gather plantains
 and to prepare them as provisions for the few days yet remaining of the
 wilderness.
 
-By solar observations I discovered we were in N. lat. 1° 0' 16".
+By solar observations I discovered we were in N. lat. 1° 0' 16".
 
 On the 10th I suspected we were taking a course which, if continued,
 would lead us not far from our camp of the 8th, but the Zanzibaris were
@@ -16179,7 +16143,7 @@ large town, occupying the extremity of the river-head terminated by the
 cataract. Before arriving at Hippo Broads we were in possession of four
 canoes. On the next day, lunching at the cataract camp, where we buried
 our shovels and some articles which our weakening force could not carry,
-we examined the caché, and discovered that the deserters had unearthed
+we examined the caché, and discovered that the deserters had unearthed
 the ten tusks of ivory, and the natives had possessed themselves of all
 the remaining articles. Late in the afternoon we camped at Basopo
 Cataract. Between the two cataracts the Zanzibaris discovered several
@@ -16211,7 +16175,7 @@ columns to avenge themselves on the stragglers, or the alarm which in
 this solitary instance possessed the natives.
 
 On the 25th we camped above the Little Rapids of Bavikai, and on the next
-day entered the populous district of Avé-jeli, opposite the mouth of the
+day entered the populous district of Avé-jeli, opposite the mouth of the
 Nepoko affluent, taking our quarters in the village where Dr. Parke so
 successfully amputated the foot of an unfortunate Zanzibari thirteen
 months before.
@@ -16277,7 +16241,7 @@ the master."
 At this juncture I called out to Sali, and enjoined him to tell me all he
 knew. By dint of questioning, the fact was elicited that there was some
 truth in what he had stated. Two of the Zanzibari chiefs, Murabo, of
-Bumbiré fame, and Wadi Mabruki, had discovered a goat and three fowls on
+Bumbiré fame, and Wadi Mabruki, had discovered a goat and three fowls on
 the 25th, and had secretly eaten them. This was one of the first
 instances of signal ingratitude discovered in these two men. From this
 day the effect of the disclosure resulted in obtaining a share in the
@@ -16285,7 +16249,7 @@ spoils. Three fowls were delivered to me before evening, and a few days
 later I had regained normal strength. This happy result in my own case
 proved what the needs of the poor naked Madis were.
 
-A heavy stock of provisions of dried plantains was prepared at Avé-jeli,
+A heavy stock of provisions of dried plantains was prepared at Avé-jeli,
 and our increasing flotilla of canoes enabled us to embark all our Madis,
 baggage, and half of the Zanzibari force.
 
@@ -16337,7 +16301,7 @@ since no fire was possible. Ugarrowwa had had a skirmish with the
 Avisibbas, in which he had killed a great number. He had stayed here five
 days preparing food, and had departed many days--"more than ten days."
 
-A march of four and a half hours to Engweddé, and another of seven and a
+A march of four and a half hours to Engweddé, and another of seven and a
 half hours, took us to a camp opposite an island occupied by the Bapaiya
 fishermen, a few miles above the Nejambi Rapids. Rifles, accoutrements,
 were disembarked, and the canoemen were ordered to pass their canoes down
@@ -16463,7 +16427,7 @@ and I am the only one who cannot show a wound received during the
 journey. We have two, who though alive, seem to be incurable from the
 poison in their blood. Some of our men have as many as five arrow wounds
 to show you. As far as Avisibba we came down the river smoothly enough,
-but then the sharp work soon commenced. At Engweddé two were wounded. At
+but then the sharp work soon commenced. At Engweddé two were wounded. At
 Panga Falls three men were most seriously hurt by arrows. Between Panga
 Falls and here was a continued fight day after day, night after night;
 the natives seemed to know long before we reached them our full strength,
@@ -16611,7 +16575,7 @@ is descriptive and amusing, and characteristic of our Doctor:--
   afterwards the majority were for the Lake; both Stairs, Jephson,
   and myself were for the Lake, so as to decide if Emin Pasha was
   alive or not, so as not to bring your column up all this way and
-  then go back to Muta Nzigé. All the men are as fat as butter, some
+  then go back to Muta Nzigé. All the men are as fat as butter, some
   of them, however, who stayed with me at an Arab camp for three
   months, where I was left to look after Nelson, and sick men, and
   boxes, etc., are reduced to skin and bone. Out of thirty-eight,
@@ -16647,7 +16611,7 @@ advanced to reckon the number of our vessels, they quietly retired, and
 we occupied their chief village in peace, and slept undisturbed during
 the night.
 
-At S. Mupé we arrived on the 13th, and halted one day to prepare food for
+At S. Mupé we arrived on the 13th, and halted one day to prepare food for
 our further journey down river, but on the next day, the 15th, we passed
 the flotilla safely down the various rapids, and camped below the lowest
 Mariri Rapids.
@@ -16928,7 +16892,7 @@ manner. There are left with the rear column only sufficient to give fifty
 rounds to each rifle in the possession of Emin Pasha's troops. Half of
 the gunpowder, and more than two-thirds of the bales of cloth, have
 disappeared. Though Yambuya originally contained a store of 300,000
-percussion-caps, it has been found necessary to purchase £48 worth from
+percussion-caps, it has been found necessary to purchase £48 worth from
 Tippu-Tib.
 
 4th. "The loads we do not take are to be sent to Bangala. They will be
@@ -17359,7 +17323,7 @@ permitted to scatter over the country in search of ivory.
 
 In March Salim returns to Yambuya, and intimates to the officers that no
 doubt the carriers would be ultimately forthcoming, not however for the
-purpose of following Mr. Stanley's track, but to proceed _viâ_ Ujiji and
+purpose of following Mr. Stanley's track, but to proceed _viâ_ Ujiji and
 Unyoro; a mere haziness of geography!
 
 On the 25th of March, Major Barttlelot returns to the camp with
@@ -17406,10 +17370,10 @@ and started up the Congo again for the Yambuya camp.
   where you are, awaiting his arrival or until you receive fresh
   instructions from Stanley. Committee do not authorise the
   engagement of fighting men. News has been received from Emin Pasha
-  _viâ_ Zanzibar, dated Wadelai, November 2nd. Stanley was not then
+  _viâ_ Zanzibar, dated Wadelai, November 2nd. Stanley was not then
   heard of: Emin Pasha is well and in no immediate want of supplies,
   and goes to south-west of lake to watch for Stanley. Letters have
-  been posted regularly _viâ_ East Coast.
+  been posted regularly _viâ_ East Coast.
 
                                             "Chairman of Committee."
 
@@ -17455,7 +17419,7 @@ his people, the officers were obliged to reduce them to 40, 30, and 20lb.
 weights, to suit his views. This was no light task, but it had to be
 performed. As an advance payment, Mr. Bonny relates that forty-seven
 bales of cloth, a vast store of powder and fixed ammunition are
-delivered, and £128 worth of stores are given to Muini Sumai, the head
+delivered, and £128 worth of stores are given to Muini Sumai, the head
 man of the Manyuema battalion. The European provisions are then
 overhauled, and such articles as Madeira wine, jams, sago, tapioca,
 arrowroot, sardines, herrings, and wheat flour are boxed up, and with
@@ -17490,7 +17454,7 @@ and file, and out of these 132 by the time they have arrived at Banalya
 there are only 101 remaining, and nearly a half of these are so wasted by
 famine and disease that there is no hope of life in them.
 
-Thirteen days after the departure of the horde of Manyuema and the anæmic
+Thirteen days after the departure of the horde of Manyuema and the anæmic
 Zanzibaris from the fatal camp of Yambuya, the Major undertakes a seventh
 visit to Stanley Falls, and leaves the column to struggle on its way to
 Banalya without him. On the forty-third day of the march of ninety miles
@@ -17672,7 +17636,7 @@ curiosity, to hear and see us who had come from the forest land east, and
 who were reckless of the terror they inspired by the death embodied in
 them. There were six dead bodies lying unburied, and the smitten living
 with their festers lounged in front of us by the dozen. Others worn to
-thin skin and staring bone from dysentery and fell anæmia, and ulcers as
+thin skin and staring bone from dysentery and fell anæmia, and ulcers as
 large as saucers, crawled about and hollowly sounded their dismal
 welcome--a welcome to this charnel yard! Weak, wearied, and jaded in
 body and mind, I scarcely know how I endured the first few hours, the
@@ -17698,7 +17662,7 @@ unqualified misery, it would be like stripping the bandages off a vast
 sloughing ulcer, striated with bleeding arteries, to the public gaze,
 with no earthly purpose than to shock and disgust.
 
-Implicitly believing as we did in the _élan_ of Barttelot, in the
+Implicitly believing as we did in the _élan_ of Barttelot, in the
 fidelity of Jameson, in the vigorous youth and manly promise of Ward, in
 the prudence and trustworthiness of Troup, and the self-command and
 steadiness of Bonny, all these revelations came to me with a severe
@@ -17719,7 +17683,7 @@ resolute face, and I remember my glowing confidence in him.
 
 It is said that "Still waters run deep." Now Jameson was such a still,
 and patient, and withal determined man that we all conceded a certain
-greatness to him. He had paid £1000 sterling, and had promised diligence
+greatness to him. He had paid £1000 sterling, and had promised diligence
 and zealous service, for the privilege of being enrolled as a member of
 the Expedition. He had a passion for natural history to gratify, with a
 marked partiality for ornithology and entomology. According to Barttelot,
@@ -17727,7 +17691,7 @@ marked partiality for ornithology and entomology. According to Barttelot,
 unqualifiedly endorse. What else he was may be best learned in his letter
 of August 12, and his entries in the log book. Zeal and activity grow
 into promise and relief as we read, he seals his devotion by offering out
-of his purse £10,000, and by that unhappy canoe voyage by day and by
+of his purse £10,000, and by that unhappy canoe voyage by day and by
 night, until he was lifted to his bed to die at Bangala.
 
 Granted that Tippu-Tib was kind to these young gentlemen during their
@@ -17938,7 +17902,7 @@ Major Barttelot's Last Report of events at Yambuya:--
   S. Jameson, second in command; Mr. W. Bonny; Sheik Muiui Somai in
   command of Manyuema force.
 
-  Sheik Muini Somai is an Arab of Kibongé, who volunteered to
+  Sheik Muini Somai is an Arab of Kibongé, who volunteered to
   accompany the Expedition as commander under me of the native
   contingent.
 
@@ -17966,7 +17930,7 @@ Major Barttelot's Last Report of events at Yambuya:--
   he had promised Mr. Jameson at Kasongo, but he said never had any
   mention of 800 men been made, only of the 400. That it was quite
   impossible he could give us more men, as he was short of men at
-  Kasongo and Nyangwé, as he was at present engaged in so many wars
+  Kasongo and Nyangwé, as he was at present engaged in so many wars
   that he had completely drained the country. I was forced to
   submit, but hoped that he might be able to collect another 100 or
   so at and around Yambuya.
@@ -18031,7 +17995,7 @@ Major Barttelot's Last Report of events at Yambuya:--
   agreed to come on this Expedition in February, 1887, so perhaps you
   would kindly inform the proper authorities on that subject. With
   British troops in Egypt, as interpreters, they would have received
-  not more than £6 a month and their rations, for as interpreters
+  not more than £6 a month and their rations, for as interpreters
   they were both very inferior.
 
   A Soudanese soldier with a diseased leg is also proceeding down
@@ -18068,7 +18032,7 @@ Major Barttelot's Last Report of events at Yambuya:--
   and my two officers with him, and would myself, with the other
   Zanzibaris, accompany the Manyuemas back to the Tippu-Tib's
   country, and so to the coast, by the shortest route--viz., by the
-  Muta-Nzigé, Tanganika and Ujiji. This is also the route I should
+  Muta-Nzigé, Tanganika and Ujiji. This is also the route I should
   take should we be unable to find Stanley, or, from the reasons
   either that he is not there or does not wish to come, relieve Emin
   Pasha.
@@ -18113,7 +18077,7 @@ Major Barttelot's Last Report of events at Yambuya:--
   would be _nil._ Should you agree to place the sum at my disposal,
   please arrange accordingly; if only a portion, that portion, for he
   has received an advance in powder, cloth, beads, and cowries to the
-  value of £128. In case of not meeting it or only a portion of it,
+  value of £128. In case of not meeting it or only a portion of it,
   please inform Sir Walter Barttelot, Carlton Club. I insert this as
   it is most necessary the money should be there when wanted, as
   Arabs and Orientals are most punctilious on pecuniary
@@ -18476,7 +18440,7 @@ COPY OF LOG OF REAR COLUMN.
   slept the day before yesterday, close to the Aruwimi, and from
   which point he had turned back. He camped there again to-day and
   goes on to-morrow morning. Abdulla Kihamira handed me the 40,000
-  percussion-caps for which Tippu-Tib is to be paid £48.
+  percussion-caps for which Tippu-Tib is to be paid £48.
 
   Weather fine.
 
@@ -18765,7 +18729,7 @@ Following from Mr. Jameson:--
 
   _August 6th._--The natives came last night and stole a canoe from
   our gate, and not two yards from a Soudanese sentry. I fined the
-  three Soudanese sentries each £1 for neglect of duty.
+  three Soudanese sentries each £1 for neglect of duty.
 
                               Wm. Bonny, _Commanding Advance Party_.
 
@@ -18837,11 +18801,11 @@ Following from Mr. Jameson:--
   "My dear Bonny,--The Expedition is at a very low ebb at present, as
   I think you will acknowledge. No headman will go in charge of
   Manyuema although I have done all in my power to get one. Tippu-Tib
-  said he would go for £20,000 paid unconditionally, and said further
+  said he would go for £20,000 paid unconditionally, and said further
   that if he met with any really superior force, or saw his men
   threatened with any serious loss, he would return. It is not likely
   that the Committee would agree to this proposal. Secondly, he
-  proposed for the same sum to take the loads _viâ_ Nyangwe and
+  proposed for the same sum to take the loads _viâ_ Nyangwe and
   Tanganika to Kibero in Unyoro, guaranteeing first to pay for all
   loss of loads. Secondly, to deliver all loads at Kibero in Unyoro
   within six months of date of starting. Thirdly, after delivering
@@ -18855,7 +18819,7 @@ Following from Mr. Jameson:--
   not have been to go by another, or we would have received it. Emin
   Pasha's last statement was to the effect that if he were not soon
   relieved he would put himself at the head of his men and try and
-  get out _viâ_ the Congo. That Emin Pasha had received the
+  get out _viâ_ the Congo. That Emin Pasha had received the
   messages which Mr. Stanley sent from Zanzibar telling him his route
   would be by the Congo. That did he start, the Congo would without
   doubt be the route he would choose to come out. And that finally,
@@ -18863,9 +18827,9 @@ Following from Mr. Jameson:--
   ordered to do so. Tippu-Tib then said, 'You are right.' I then told
   him that as regards our old route, he could not get me a headman
   over the Manyuema, no matter what I did to induce them. He said he
-  would command them himself for £20,000, yet told me that if any
+  would command them himself for £20,000, yet told me that if any
   serious loss was threatened to his men he would turn back. I
-  replied, 'You will accept no less a sum than £20,000, and that
+  replied, 'You will accept no less a sum than £20,000, and that
   unconditionally.' Many of the Manyuema openly avow their intention
   should I go without a headman from you, they will proceed a certain
   distance, and when they come to a good village, throw down our
@@ -18886,7 +18850,7 @@ Following from Mr. Jameson:--
   Committee would justify my stopping, knowing all I do, I would send
   Ward with a telegram at once to Banana by same canoes I go down in,
   return in the _Stanley_, go up to you, and all men and loads would
-  be sent to Yarukombé on the Congo. Tippu-Tib guarantees that he
+  be sent to Yarukombé on the Congo. Tippu-Tib guarantees that he
   will dismiss his men, and keep them close to the Aruwimi, and
   should the reply from the Committee be to still go on, on either
   route, he will have them all collected in a few days. There is no
@@ -18901,7 +18865,7 @@ Following from Mr. Jameson:--
 
                   *       *       *       *       *
 
-  "If we have to come down to Yarukombé, the thing will be to make
+  "If we have to come down to Yarukombé, the thing will be to make
   Zanzibaris believe that we are going to Zanzibar, then there will
   not be many desertions. Tippu-Tib has found out the refuge of the
   deserters. It is at Yatuka, Said bin Habib's place. He has sent men
@@ -18917,7 +18881,7 @@ Following from Mr. Jameson:--
 
   "My hopes sometimes have been raised to the highest pitch, and then
   thrown to the ground the next moment. When Tippu-Tib said he would
-  go for £20,000, I told him I did not think the Committee would give
+  go for £20,000, I told him I did not think the Committee would give
   it, but if he would give me certain guarantees I would pay half the
   sum myself as a subscription to the Expedition. But after what he
   had said no one would take him.
@@ -18960,8 +18924,8 @@ Following from Mr. Jameson:--
   forward nearer to us.
 
   "If Tippu-Tib sends 400 men with your 208 carriers you can march
-  with all goods towards Muta Nzigé. Then I shall meet you thirteen
-  days from Muta Nzigé."
+  with all goods towards Muta Nzigé. Then I shall meet you thirteen
+  days from Muta Nzigé."
 
 List of Stores landed at Yambuya Camp, August 14th, 1887, per s.s.
 _Stanley_ from Leopoldville:--
@@ -19015,367 +18979,4 @@ List of Stores left at Yambuya in charge of Major Barttelot June 28th.
 End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of In Darkest Africa, Vol. 1; or, The
 quest, rescue and retreat of Emin, governor of Equatoria, by Henry Morton Stanley
 
-*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IN DARKEST AFRICA, VOL. 1 ***
-
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+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43654 ***
diff --git a/43654-8.zip b/43654-8.zip
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index 76dfbca..704084a 100644
--- a/43654-h/43654-h.htm
+++ b/43654-h/43654-h.htm
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
   <head>  <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" />
-<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
 <title>
   The Project Gutenberg eBook of In Darkest Africa; volume 1, by Henry M. Stanley.
 </title>
@@ -109,46 +109,7 @@ th {text-align: center;padding-top:2%;}
 </style>
   </head>
 <body>
-
-
-<pre>
-
-The Project Gutenberg EBook of In Darkest Africa, Vol. 1; or, The quest,
-rescue and retreat of Emin, governor of Equatoria, by Henry Morton Stanley
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
-almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
-re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
-with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org/license
-
-
-Title: In Darkest Africa, Vol. 1; or, The quest, rescue and retreat of Emin, governor of Equatoria
-
-Author: Henry Morton Stanley
-
-Release Date: September 9, 2013 [EBook #43654]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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-*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IN DARKEST AFRICA, VOL. 1 ***
-
-
-
-
-Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed
-Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-produced from images generously made available by the
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-(http://posner.library.cmu.edu/Posner/))
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+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43654 ***</div>
 
 <hr class="full" />
 
@@ -23338,10 +23299,10 @@ at Fort Bodo, and on the 22nd of the same month at Lake Albert.</p>
 <td></td>
 </tr>
 <tr><td>Thence to Avisibba</td><td>July 25th</td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td>Thence to Mupé </td><td>Aug. 14th</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Thence to Mupé </td><td>Aug. 14th</td><td></td></tr>
 <tr><td>Thence to Yambuya</td><td>Sept. 3rd</td><td></td></tr>
 <tr><td>Halt 10 days</td><td>Sept.13th</td><td></td></tr>
-<tr><td>Return to Mupé</td><td>Oct.  3rd</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Return to Mupé</td><td>Oct.  3rd</td><td></td></tr>
 <tr><td>Return to Panga Falls</td><td>oct. 23rd</td><td></td></tr>
 <tr><td>Return to Fort Bodo </td><td>Dec. 22nd</td><td></td></tr>
 <tr><td>Halt 5 days</td><td>Dec. 27th</td><td></td></tr>
@@ -28461,389 +28422,6 @@ impossibility for a single person.</p></div>
 <div class="footnote" id="fn18"><p><a href="#r18">[18]</a> Knowing this, the Pasha seems to me to have been very imprudent in adventuring into the presence of these rebels without satisfying himself as to the effect his presence would have on them.</p></div>
 </div>
 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
-
-End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of In Darkest Africa, Vol. 1; or, The
-quest, rescue and retreat of Emin, governor of Equatoria, by Henry Morton Stanley
-
-*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK IN DARKEST AFRICA, VOL. 1 ***
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