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diff --git a/43365.txt b/43365.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 5b502a1..0000000 --- a/43365.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4678 +0,0 @@ -Project Gutenberg's The Buke of the Order of Knyghthood, by Ramon Llull - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The Buke of the Order of Knyghthood - Translated from the French by Sir Gilbert Hay, Knight - -Author: Ramon Llull - -Translator: Gilbert Hay - -Release Date: July 30, 2013 [EBook #43365] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BUKE OF ORDER OF KNYGHTHOOD *** - - - - -Produced by Delphine Lettau, Keith Edkins and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) - - - - - -Transcriber's Note: In this text [gh] represents the Middle English letter -"yogh", similar to the numeral 3. - - * * * * * - - -The Buke - -Of the - -Order of Knighthood, - -Translated from the French, - -By - -Sir Gilbert Hay, Knight. - -From the Manuscript in the - -Library at Abbotsford. - -[Decoration] - -Edinburgh: M.DCCC.XLVII. - - - -TO THE - -PRESIDENT AND MEMBERS - -OF - -THE ABBOTSFORD CLUB, - -THIS SPECIMEN - -OF THE - -EARLY LITERATURE OF SCOTLAND, - -NOW FIRST PRINTED, - -IS DEDICATED AND PRESENTED - -BY THEIR OBEDIENT SERVANT, - -BERIAH BOTFIELD. - -NORTON HALL, JANUARY 1, -1847. - - * * * * * - - -The Abbotsford Club. - -JANUARY, M.DCCC.XLVII. - - PRESIDENT, - - RIGHT HON. JOHN HOPE, LORD JUSTICE-CLERK. - - RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF ABERDEEN. - ADAM ANDERSON, ESQ. - DAVID BALFOUR, ESQ. - 5 CHARLES BAXTER, ESQ. - ROBERT BELL, ESQ. - ROBERT BLACKWOOD, ESQ. - BINDON BLOOD, ESQ. - BERIAH BOTFIELD, ESQ. - 10 JAMES BURN, ESQ. - HON. HENRY COCKBURN, LORD COCKBURN. - JOHN PAYNE COLLIER, ESQ. - THOMAS CONSTABLE, ESQ. - JAMES CROSSLEY, ESQ. - 15 JAMES DENNISTOUN, ESQ. - JOHN DUNN, ESQ. - JOSEPH WALTER KING EYTON, ESQ. - HON. JOHN HAY FORBES, LORD MEDWYN. - JOHN BLACK GRACIE, ESQ. - 20 HON. JAMES IVORY, LORD IVORY. - HON. FRANCIS JEFFREY, LORD JEFFREY. - JAMES KINNEAR, ESQ. - GEORGE RITCHIE KINLOCH, ESQ. - DAVID LAING, ESQ. - 25 HENRY LIDDELL, ESQ. - JAMES LUCAS, ESQ. - JOHN WHITEFOORD MACKENZIE, ESQ. - ALEXANDER MACONOCHIE, ESQ. - JAMES MACKNIGHT, ESQ., _Treasurer_. - 30 JAMES MAIDMENT, ESQ. - WILLIAM HENRY MILLER, ESQ. - THEODORE MARTIN, ESQ., _Secretary_. - REV. JAMES MORTON, B.D. - ROBERT NASMYTH, ESQ. - 35 ROBERT PITCAIRN, ESQ. - RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF POWIS. - JOHN ROBERTSON, ESQ. - RIGHT HON. ANDREW RUTHERFURD, LORD ADVOCATE. - ERSKINE DOUGLAS SANDFORD, ESQ. - 40 JOHN SMITH, ESQ. L.L.D. - WILLIAM B. D. D. TURNBULL, ESQ. - EDWARD VERNON UTTERSON, ESQ. - PATRICK WARNER, ESQ. - RIGHT HON. SIR GEORGE WARRENDER, BART. - -[Decoration] - -PREFACE. - -The Literature of Scotland, during the Fifteenth Century, is entitled to a -much greater share of attention than it has hitherto received; more -especially, as it is a period in which the contemporary Literature of -England is comparatively so devoid of interest. Among the persons who then -flourished, and to whom but a scanty share of justice has been awarded, we -may reckon Sir GILBERT HAY, KNIGHT. Dunbar the Scotish Poet,[1] who adorned -the reign of James the Fourth, in his "Lament for the Death of the Makars" -or Poets, includes the name of Hay; so likewise does Sir David Lyndesay, in -the reign of James the Fifth; but no other writer seems to have been aware -that such an author had ever existed, until we reach the year 1722, when -there appeared the Third Volume of "The Lives and Characters of the most -Eminent Writers of the Scots Nation, &c. By GEORGE MACKENZIE, M. D."[2] - -This volume, the last which the author lived to publish,[3] commences with -"The Life of SIR GILBERT HAY, Chamberlain to Charles VI. King of France." -It extends to eight folio pages, and furnishes a suitable specimen of -Mackenzie's mode of constructing biography. It commences with the following -paragraphs:-- - - "The HAYES are said to have their first rise from a very noble and - heroick action, about the year of our Lord 980, in the reign of Kenneth - III., as we have shown in the Life of that Prince, in the second volume - of this Work, pag. 60. But whatever truth be in this, it is certain - that this is one of the most noble and ancient Families in Scotland, - and that ever since the reign of King Robert Bruce, they have been Lord - High Constables of Scotland: That Prince, for the faithful service and - loyalty of Robert Lord Hay, declar'd them heritable Constables of - Scotland, about the year 1310. - - "From this noble and Ancient Family our author was descended, of whom I - have no other account to give, but that he was born in the North of - Scotland, brought up at the University of Aberdeen, where, after he had - finished the course of his studies in Philosophy, he commenced Master - of Arts, went over to France, where he studied the Laws, and was - Batchelor of the Canon Law, and for his great merit, obtained the - honour of Knighthood, and was made Chamberlain to Charles VI. King of - France; upon whose death he returned to Scotland, and was in great - favour and esteem with William Earl of Orkney, and Lord High Chancellor - of Scotland, at whose desire he translated, from the French into Scots, - Dr Bonnet's Book of Battles in the Year of our Lord 1456. - - "As for our Author, 'tis probable that he died towards the latter end - of the 14th century; and from his performance it appears that he was - well seen in the Civil, Canon, and Military Laws; and had he not been a - person of singular merit and worth, he had not raised himself to the - dignities that he attain'd to." - -These paragraphs contain the whole biographical portion of the "Life," -contained in his eight folio pages,--the Author's practice being that of -introducing some extraneous matter suggested by, but not connected with the -subject of the biography. But in the passages quoted the Author's usual -carelessness or ignorance is very apparent. His statements of matters of -fact, indeed, are never to be relied upon, being seldom confirmed, and -often contradicted by better authorities, and instead of a work of National -importance, deserving the liberal patronage it received, it is altogether -worthless. Thus Mackenzie might have known, that if Hay was "brought up," -and "commenced Master of Arts," at a University in Scotland, it could not -have been at Aberdeen, which was not founded until the year 1494; and that -if Hay was Chamberlain to a King of France, it could not have been Charles -the Sixth, whose reign extended from the year 1380 to 1422. The concluding -notice of the supposed time of Hay's death, "towards the latter end of the -14th century," is obviously a clerical error for the 15th century. Instead, -however, of favouring the reader with an abridged history of the Kings of -France, or some other discursive topic, Dr Mackenzie has in this instance -deviated from his ordinary practice, and given a careful and detailed -analysis of a Manuscript volume in his own possession, containing three -works translated from the French by Sir Gilbert Hay; and this may be -instanced as one of the few actual contributions to the Literary History of -Scotland, contained in his three folio volumes. It may here be quoted, -omitting a somewhat confused and inaccurate account of the original author -Honore Bonnor or Bonnet, Prior of Sallon. - - "The first Book (he says,) contains 10 Chapters, wherein the Author - gives the definition of War, according to the Doctors of Civil and - Canon Law, and shows that it had its first rise in Heaven betwixt God - and his rebellious Angels; then he treats of the bypast persecutions of - the Church by way of commentary upon S. John's Vision of the five - Angels in the Revelation, and speaking of the fourth Angel, he - acknowledges, That there was a woman that was chosen Pope and that she - was an English woman: And after Leon, says our translator, "was chosen - a woman Pape, not wittand that she was a woman, the quhilk was of - England born." - - "The second Book contains 18 Chapters, wherein he treats of the - destruction of the Four great Empires of the World: The Babylonian - begun in the east, in the time of Abraham; the Carthaginian begun in - the time of the Judges; the Macedonian begun in the time of the - Maccabees; and that of the Roman begun in the time of Achan King of - Judea: But he more particularly insists upon the Roman Empire, and - shews when the city of Rome was first founded, when they begun their - Government by Kings, Senators, Consuls, and Emperors, and of their most - memorable or remarkable actions, of the actions of Alexander the Great, - and the destruction of the Carthaginian Empire; and concludes with an - account of the first rise of government or jurisdiction amongst men, - and who were the first Governors or Judges. - - "The third Book contains 10 Chapters, wherein he treats of the - lawfulness of making of War, and if it be possible for mankind to live - without it; how men know when they are justly compell'd to make war; - what the marks of true valour and cowardice are; what punishment is due - to those that leave the army, without asking permission of their - commanders, or fight the enemy, without the orders of their commanders. - - "The fourth Book contains 155 Chapters, wherein he treats of the lawful - Grounds of War, especially amongst Christians against the Turks, and - all Infidels; whether the Emperor can lawfully declare War against the - Pope and the Church, and whether the Pope may make War against him; - concerning the Duties of Knights, and for what reasons they ought to be - punished; concerning the Duties of Generals, and if, when they are - taken in battle, they ought to lose their lives or not; whether - strength or force be a moral, cardinal, or natural virtue; whether - Prisoners that are taken in War belong to those that take them, or to - the Princes to whom the armies in which they are taken belongs; whether - Vassals should serve in the army upon their own or their Prince's - expences; if a Baron be obliged to serve his King but only in his own - wars; whether two Barons having war against one another, their men are - obliged to assist either of them till they receive orders from their - King and respective Lords; whether we are bound to defend our - neighbours with arms and men when invaded by others, and what the - persons are that are obliged to defend one another, and particularly - how the vassal is obliged to defend his Lord, the son his father, by - the law of Justice; whether he is more bound to defend his father or - natural Prince; whether a Clergyman is bound most to assist his father - or his Bishop, when a war is declared betwixt them; whether men may - make a defensive war for their temporal goods lawfully conquish'd; - whether Priests and Clerks may defend their goods by force of arms; - whether arms lent and lost in the field of battle ought to be restored; - whether arms and horses hired and lost in battle ought to be restored; - whether a Knight being robbed in his King's service, he or his King - ought to pursue the robbers; whether a man that goes to the wars - uncharg'd ought to take wages; whether a Knight serving a King - uncharg'd, may lawfully ask wages of him; whether, when the King of - Spain sends assistance to the King of France, he ought to ask wages of - him; whether a man that goes to the wars out of vain glory, ought to - ask wages by the law of Arms; whether a Captain that is robbed obeying - his Lord's commands, his Lord ought to restore him his goods or not; - whether a man going to the wars for covetousness and robbery, ought to - demand wages; whether a Priest or Clergyman may lawfully go to the war - or not, concerning the time that men ought to be paid their wages that - go to the wars; whether a Warriour that obtains leave to divert and - recreat himself for some time, should receive wages for that time; - whether a Knight that has taken wages of a King for a year's service, - and after three months goes to the service of another Prince, ought to - receive wages for the time that he has served; whether a Soldier that - has been paid by a Prince for a year's service, may substitute another - in his place; whether a Captain may send any of his men away, after he - has mustered them in the fields before his Prince; whether a Soldier - falling sick in the wars may lawfully ask his wages for all the time - that he had been sick; how the goods or spoil that is gained by the - army ought to be parted amongst the Soldiers; whether a man may - lawfully keep what he takes from a robber that was designed to rob him - on the highway; of the lawfulness of the war that is made betwixt two - cities that hold of no Sovereign; whether a man may kill a prisoner - that delivers himself voluntarly; whether by the Law of Arms, a man may - take a ransom of gold or money from his prisoner; whether in a war - betwixt England and France, the French may lawfully seize upon the - goods of the English husbandmen, and detain their persons prisoners; - whether one King may overcome another King lawfully by craft and - subtilty; whether it be lawful to fight upon a holyday; whether, when - one man wrongs another, he may lawfully recover his own by war or - force, before he pursues him legally; whether a Knight that dies in - battle, in his Prince's service, is sure of his salvation; whether the - righteous or sinners are the most powerful in battle; why there are so - many wars in the world; whether one that is taken prisoner, and sworn - to keep prison, may lawfully break it, and make his escape, if he finds - occasion; whether one that is taken prisoner, and put in a close dark - room, and makes his escape, may be said to break prison? Whether a man - that's promised safe conduct from one place to another, but has - neglected to capitulate for his safe return, may be lawfully detained - prisoner? Whether a man that has safe conduct promised to him and his - attendants, can bring alongst with him a greater man than he himself - is? If a man be taken prisoner upon another's safe conduct, whether he - that had the safe conduct be obliged to relieve him upon his own - charges? If a man having liberty to go out of prison, on condition that - he should return upon such a day, re-enters again into the prison, - fails in the day, how he should be punished? Whether it be lawful for - one Prince to refuse another, with whom he is at peace, passage thorow - his country? Whether Churchmen should pay taxes, tributes, and - impositions to Secular Kings and Princes? If the Church should make war - against the Jews? If a man may defend his wife by force of arms? If a - brother may defend his brother by force of arms? When a Baron is a - vassal to two Lords of different countries, that have both of them war, - whom of them he ought to serve? When a Baron is a vassal to two Lords - that make war upon one another, whom of them he ought to obey? When a - man is a burgess in two cities that make war against one another, which - of them he ought to obey? Whether a man that is in bondage or in - slavery be obliged to go to the wars with his lord and master? Whether - a man may be compelled to go to the wars? If one man fairly wounds - another, and he wounds him again, whether he ought to be punished for - the same? If a bondman or slave kills another by his master's command, - whether he ought to be punished for the same? Whether a bondman or - slave may defend himself against his lord and master that designs to - kill him? Whether a Monk may defend himself against his Abbot who - designs to kill him? Whether the son may lawfully defend himself - against the father who designs to kill him? Whether a man may lawfully - defend himself against his judge? Whether a man, being banished the - realm, and returning again without permission, when people set upon him - to take him, if he ought to defend himself? Whether a Priest that is - assaulted carrying the Lord's Body (or the Sacrament) alongst with him, - ought to lay it down and defend himself? If a man that is innocent - ought to be punished by way of reprisal for the guilty? And how Princes - ought to behave themselves in the cases of reprisals? How reprisals - should be made against a city that owes allegiance to no Sovereign? If - all lords or masters may make reprisals? How and for what reason it may - be said that the King of France is no ways subject to the Emperor? - Whether the King of England be in any manner of way subject to the - Empire? Whether reprisals can be granted to a Burgess that's living at - Paris, and robbed in his return to Paris, for recovering the money or - goods that he has been deprived of in another Prince's dominions? - Whether an English student at the University of Paris may be detained - prisoner when a war is declared betwixt the two Nations? Whether a - servant should enjoy the privileges that his master has? Whether an - Englishman coming to Paris to visit his son, student at that - University, in time of war, may be detain'd prisoner? Whether an - Englishman coming to visit his brother at the University may be - detained prisoner? Whether a student may be imprisoned by way of - reprisal? Whether a mad man may be detained and ransomed in the wars? - Whether a mad man returning to his senses may be detained prisoner? - Whether by the law of arms an old man may be detained prisoner? Whether - by the law of arms a child may be taken and detained prisoner? Whether - by the law of arms a blind man may be detained prisoner? Whether an - Ambassador coming to visit a King may lead any of his enemies thorow - his country? Whether a Bishop may be taken and detained prisoner? - Whether any Churchman may be taken by way of reprisal? Whether pilgrims - may be made prisoners by the law of arms? What things in time of war - have safe conduct, without liberty asked at the Prince? Whether, in - time of war, the ass and the ox is free? Whether the husbandman's - servant enjoys, by the law of arms, the same privilege with himself? - Whether, in time of war, it be lawful to build castles and walled - towns? How they ought to be punished that breaks the safe conduct or - assurance of a Prince? Whether a great Lord, or any in a meaner - dignity, ought to trust in a safe conduct? Whether a Christian King may - lawfully give a safe conduct to a Saracen King or any other Infidel - Prince? Whether, if two Lords make peace, and the one breaks it, the - other ought to break it likewise? Whether it be better to fight - fasting, or before meat or after meat? Whether battle ought to be set - before ladies? And if Queen Jonat of Naples had right in her war - against Lewis King of Sicily? - - "Then he proves that duelling is against all manner of laws; yet he - gives seventeen different cases, wherein by the laws of Lombardy 'tis - lawful. Then he treats of those who fight for their principles in - duels, and how far that is lawful: Then of the form and oath that is - taken by those that fight in lists or combats; Whether a man that is - superannuate may substitute another to fight for him in battle? If any - of the company breaks his sword, if another should be given unto him? - If the Lord or Judge cannot discern on the first day who has the - advantage in the field; if he be obliged to return on the second day, - and enter the lists as before, which of the parties ought to begin the - fight? If he that is overcome ought to pay the other the damages, tho' - the King should pardon them? If a man is overcome in duelling, if he - may be afterwards accused in law? Whether, if the company pleases, they - may fight in plain field, without barriers? How they should be punished - that owns their crime, and is openly overcome? Whether, when one Knight - chalenges another, he may be allowed to repent and recall his chalenge? - - "Then our Author treats of arms and banners in general and - particularly, and proceeds to the answering of the following Questions: - If a man at his own pleasure may make choice of another man's coat of - arms? If a German finds a Frenchman in the field bearing the same coat - of arms with him, if he ought to appeal him to a combat? How they ought - to be punished that assume the arms of others? - - "Then he treats of all the different colours us'd in Herauldry, and of - all the different rules and conditions that are to be observed in - fighting of duels: And concludes with the duties incumbent upon - Emperors, Kings, and Princes; which he ends with these words: - - "EXPLICIT LIBER BELLORUM, SED POTIUS DOLORUM, UT RECITAT DOCTOR IN - PLURIBUS. - - "Next to this follows our Author's translation of Dr Bonet's Book of - Chevalry or Knighthood, which contains eight Chapters: In the first - Chapter he tells us, how that a Batchelor, Squire of Honour, travelling - to the Coronation of a great Prince, with an intention to take upon him - the Order of Knighthood, he went astray in a wilderness, where he - happened to light upon a hermitage, in which lived an old and venerable - Knight, that had forsaken the world for the love of God; and how this - old Knight taught the Squire all the points of honour, and all that - belonged to the duty of a Knight, which is the subject matter of all - the following Chapters; where in the second Chapter, he, the old Knight - shows, how he ought to receive that high Order, and how he ought first - to be instructed in every thing that belongs to it. The third contains - all the duties of a Knight. The fourth contains their form of - examination, and how he ought to be examined before he receives the - Order. The fifth contains directions for him at the receiving of the - Order, and the form of giving it. In the sixth is explained the - signification of the Arms of Knighthood. In the seventh he shows the - many advantages that Knights have above others by this honourable - Order; and the last shows the great respect that ought to be shown to - all that Order,--ending with these words, - - "EXPLICIT L'ORDRE DE CHEVALRIE. - - "After this follows our Author's translation of Dr Bonet's Book of - Government of Princes, which is a translation of Aristotle's Politics, - and contains 40 Chapters, with a Prologue, shewing into how many - languages it had been translated, and how it was first found in the - Temple of the Sun, built by Esculapius. Then follows a translation of - King Alexander the Great's letter to Aristotle, after his conquest of - Persia, with Aristotle's answer, and two other letters of King - Alexander's and Aristotle's." - -The Manuscript, of which the preceding was an analysis, is not mentioned in -any more recent work, and as it could not be traced in any public -repository, it was considered to be irrecoverably lost. But in the -"Catalogue of the Library at Abbotsford," printed in 1838, at page 232, -there occurs the following title:-- - -"_Here begynnys the buke call't the Buke of the Law of Armys, the quhilk -was compilit be a notable man, Doctour in Decrees, callit Bennet, prioure -of Sallan, &c._ MS. _fol._" - -This title attracted the notice of MR LAING, Secretary of the Bannatyne -Club, who conjectured it might prove to be a copy of the work described by -Mackenzie. To ascertain this point, he made an application for the use of -the volume, through ISAAC BAYLEY, Esq.; which being courteously granted, it -was no difficult matter to perceive that this was the identical Manuscript -which Dr George Mackenzie had possessed. As the volume itself furnishes no -indication on this head, we can only conjecture that it may have fallen -into Sir Walter Scott's hands, either by purchase at a sale, or as a -present from some of his friends. But we may conclude, that had Sir Walter -been aware of the peculiar interest and curiosity of the volume, he would -have pointed it out, and some use of it have been made during the latter -period of his life. - - - -The Manuscript in question is a large folio of 132 leaves,[4] on lombard -paper, written in a very distinct hand, about the end of the 15th century. -It is in the original wooden boards, in perfect preservation, and contains, -repeated in different parts of the volume, autograph signatures of "W. -Sanclair of Roislin," "Oliver Sinclar of Rosling, knycht," and "W. Sanclair -of Roislin, knecht." - -It consists of three distinct works:-- - - I. THE BUKE OF BATAILLES. - II. THE BUKE OF THE ORDER OF KNYGHTHEDE. - III. THE BUKE OF THE GOVERNANCE OF PRINCES. - -To have published the entire volume was considered to be altogether -inexpedient, on account of its great extent. Yet not wishing it to remain -in comparative obscurity, I readily acceded to Mr Laing's suggestion, in -selecting the second of these Works, which forms a distinct treatise by -itself, as my contribution to the objects of the ABBOTSFORD CLUB; at the -same time subjoining in the Appendix such Specimens of the two other Works -as should satisfy all reasonable curiosity. In this way, I hope that -whatever is really valuable or interesting in the MS. has been put into an -accessible shape, in order to exhibit and preserve from casual destruction -ONE OF THE EARLIEST EXISTING SPECIMENS of Scotish prose composition. - - - -A brief account of the Originals may here be given, before endeavouring to -throw some light on the life and character of the Translator. - -I. THE BUKE OF BATAILLES. - -This well known and popular work forms the first and largest portion of the -Abbotsford Manuscript. No English version of it is known. In the Appendix -will be found the Prologue, the Table of the Chapters in the different -Books, and some other Extracts, which may be compared with the -corresponding passages, here copied from one of the later editions of the -original Work, which bears the following title:-- - -"Larbre de Batailles. - - "Sensuyt larbre des batailles qui traicte de plusieurs choses comme de - leglise. Et aussi des faictz de la guerre. Et aussi comment on si doyt - gouuerner. Imprime nouuellement a Lyon. (Design cut in wood.) P. On les - vend a Lyon au pres de nostre dame de confort cheulz Oliuier - Arnoullet." 4to. black letter, Sign. A. to M. six, in eights. - - P. CY COMMENCE LE PROLOGUE DU LIURE INTITULE LARBRE DES BATAILLES FAICT - ET COMPOSE PAR VNG VENERABLE ET RELIGIEUSE PERSONNE MAISTRE HONNORE - BONHOR, PRIEUR DE SALON, ET DOCTEUR EN DECRET. - -A LA saincte couronne de France en laquelle auiourdhuy par lordonnance de -Dieu regne Charles cinquesme de ce nom tres bien ayme et par tout le monde -redoubte soit donne loz, gloire, et victoire sur toutes seigneuries -terriennes. Tres hault Prince, ie suis nomme par mon droict nom HONNORE -BONHOR Prieur de Salon, indigne docteur en decret, souuenteffoys ay eu en -voulente de faire et compiller, selon mon debile entendement, ce petit -liure a lhonneur de Dieu premierement de sa benoiste Mere, et de vostre -haulte seigneurie Sire. Et les raisons qui mont esmeu et incite a ce faire -sont assez bonnes, selon mon aduis. - -Premierement, lestat de Saincte Eglise est en telle tribulation et -perplexite que si Dieu ny mect remede et vostre Seigneurie, laquelle est -acoustumee de acheuer et mettre affin les chieres aduantures de la foy -Crestienne, ie ny voy voye ne chemin comme y puisse estre mise bonne ne -briefue accordance. - -La Deuziesme raison si est, que voyez toute Chrestiente si greuee de -guerres, haynes, larrecins et discentions, que a grant peine peut on nommer -vng petit pays soit une conte ou duche qui bien soyt en paix. - -La Tierce raison si est, que la terre de Prouuence dont ie suis ne et -nourry est de present tellement atournee par le changement de noble -seigneurie et pour les diversitez doppinions qui sont entre les nobles et -le communes que a grant paine pourroit homme tant fust saige racompter les -maulx que les gens du pays pour ce debat seuffrent. - -La Quarte raison est, que ie considere plusieurs choses dictes de grans -clerez modernees que bien pensent entendre les Prophecies anciennes parlans -des maulx presens et dient que vng de la haulte lignee de France doit estre -celluy par qui les remdes seront donnez au siecle trauailant, et mis en -grande pestitance pour lesquelles raisons me suis efforce de faire aulcune -chose nouuelle affin que vostre ieunesse soit informee de plusieurs -entendemens de la saincte escripture et aussi affin que vostre personne -soit plus adonnee de faire secours a la saincte foy de Iesu Crist et faire -que les Prophecies qui sentendent de vostre digne personne et escriptures -soyent verifiez par voz bonne oeuures si vous supplie mon tres hault -Seigneur que rien que ie die en ce liure ne vueillez mespriser car ce que -iay mis en luy prent son fondement sus le droit canon et civil et sus -naturelle philosophie, qui nest aultre chose que raison de nature et aura -nom cestuy liure LARBRE DES BATAILLES pour fournir lequel liure me fault -trouuer matiere condecente a ce faire, si mest venu en ymaginacion faire -vng Arbre de Dueill, au dessus duquel pourrez veoir les regnes de Saincte -Eglise en grandes et merueilleuses tribulations. Apres pourrez veoir la -grande discention qui est auiourdhuy entre les Roys et Princes Crestiens. -Pareillement pourrez veoir le grande discencion et murmure qui est entre -les Nobles et les Communes. Et deuiseray mon Liure en quatre parties -principalles ainsi comme a plain est cy apres declaire dont en la premiere -partie sera faicte mention des tribulations de l'eglise jadis passees -devant l'advenement de Jesu Christ nostre Sauveur. En la seconde partie -sera traicte de la destruction des quatre grans royaulmes jadis. En la -tierce partie sera traicte des batailles en general. En la quarte partie -sera dit du battailles en special. - - - -P. QUELLES CHOSES APPARTIENNENT ESTRE FAICTES A TOUS BONS ROYS ET PRINCES. - -CHAPITRE CLXXVI. - -On disons aulcune chose des Roys pource que apres Lempereux ilz sont les -plus honnorez sur tous les aultres Princes. Et encores ce nom cy de Roy -selon la Saincte Escripture sembleroit estre de plus grande excellence que -le nom de Lempereur, car nostre Seigneur se nomme et appelle en plusieurs -lieux et endroitz de la saincte Escripture Roy des Roys et Seigneur de -Seigneurs. - -Item, le benoist filz de Dieu en aulcuns lieux de la Saincte Escripture est -appele filz du Roy Dauid par humanite. Et ainsi par excellence de ce nom de -Roy appellons nous de lignage royal. Et en oultre selon la doctrine et -enseignement de Monseigneur, Sainct Paul Apostre qui preschoit au peuple en -leur admonestant que pour lhonneur et reuerence de Dieu ilz fussent soubmys -a toute creature humaine et en especial au Roy comme au plus noble et -excellent de tous les aultres mesmement en approuuant la dignite de ce nom -de Roy. - - - -Et pour dire aulcun bon notable auquel ieunes Roys puissent prendre -plaisir. Roy qui veult estre bon guerroyer sur saige fier et couraigeux, et -de se gens il soit seigneur, comme de quaille espreuier, et soit misericors -et rigoureux quant est besoing, et que au besoing soit le premier se darmes -veult estre eureux. Pour retourner a nostre propos, &c. - - - -MOULT daultres belles et notables choses appartenans a tous bons Roys et -Princes pourroye encores dire et assez trouuer. Mais pour le present ie ne -pense plus riens a escripre en ce liure, car ien suis tout lasse. -Toutesfoys le temps viendra se Dieu me donne espace de viure que ie -escripray aulcunes choses sur les contenances de toutes personnes soyent -ecclesiasticques ou seculiers, hommes ou femmes ce qui leur est necessaire -dauoir au plus pres que ie pourray de la Saincte Escripture et du droict -escript selon les dignites de leur offices. Et ie prie humblement et -deuotement a nostre Seigneur, que par sa saincte grace vous doint en telle -maniere gouuerner vostre Royaulme et la Saincte Couronne quil vous a -commise que apres la fin il vous maine et conduyse a la saincte gloire de -Paradis qui iamais ne fauldra. Amen. - -P. CY FINE LE LIURE INTITULE LARBRE DES BATAILLES. - -In the Preface to the edition printed by Anthony Verard, at Paris, on the -8th of June 1493, there are several variations; and the sentence in which -the name of the Author occurs runs thus--"Mon tres hault et redoubte -Seigneur souvent j'ay eu voulente de faire ce present livre," omitting the -name altogether. The last Chapter of the work is numbered cxxxxii in -Verard's edition, and ends in the same manner as the other. - - - -Of the original Work there are numerous Manuscript copies, and also several -early printed editions; but these, as an eminent French Antiquary remarks, -are "toutes rares, toutes fautives et defecteuses." In Verard's edition, -for instance, the name of Charles VI., to whom the Author dedicated the -work, is changed to Charles VIII., in order to pay a compliment to the -reigning Sovereign; and in these editions the Author's name is given as -Honore Bonner, instead of Bonnet. The terms of the Author's dedication, -(says M. Paulin Paris,) carry us naturally to the first years of the -arrival of Louis II. of Anjou to the Sovereignty of Provence, that is to -say, from 1384 to 1390. Charles VI., the conqueror of Rosbec, was still -young, and the schism of the Church had reached its point of the greatest -violence. - - - -M. Paris's analysis of the work is very concise, and may be quoted in his -own words:--"L'Arbre d'Honore Bonnet presente quatre branches principales, -1^o. L'Eglise en schisme. 2^o. Les Rois en guerre. 3^o. Les Grandes en -dissension. 4^o. Les Peuples en revolte. Mais l'auteur paroit fort peu -soucieux de suivre un ordre quelconque dans son travail. Apres avoir dans -les premiers chapitres applique la prophetie des cinq Anges de l'Apocalypse -a l'Histoire Ecclesiastique du XIV^e siecle, il resume les fastes de -l'antiquite, puis enfin expose la theorie du comportement des Armes, des -droits et des devoirs de tous les vassaux, chevaliers et gens de -guerre."[5] - -The author HONORE BONNET, was a Monk in the Abbey of Ile-Barbe of Lyons, -and Prior of Salon in Provence. His name, which is often given as Bonnor, -or Bonhor, or Bonnoz, has been ascertained, from an examination of nearly -twenty ancient Manuscripts in the Royal Library at Paris, to have been -BONNET. A Provencal translation, made in the year 1429 by order of Mossen -Ramon de Culdes, is preserved in the same collection, No. 7450; and also a -translation in the Catalan dialect, MS. No. 7807. There is some indication -of Caxton having translated in part the work in the year 1490, but no copy -is known to exist.[6] The original work was first printed at Lyons, by -Barthelemy Buyer, 1477, folio; and another edition at Lyons in 1481. It was -again printed at Paris, by Anthoine Verard, 1493, folio, of which there is, -in the Royal Library at Paris, a magnificent copy printed upon Vellum, with -illustrations,--the first representing Charles VIII. receiving the work -from Verard the printer, who, as already noticed, had substituted the name -of the reigning Monarch instead of Charles VI. of France, at whose request -the work was originally written. Van Praet[7] describes this copy, and -mentions two other copies on Vellum, but neither of them perfect. The -discrepancies existing between the early manuscript and printed copies will -readily explain the variations, which will be obvious upon comparing Sir -Gilbert Hay's translation with the preceding extracts. It must also be -confessed, that to a modern reader Bonnet's Book of Battles is sufficiently -tedious and uninteresting; and it need excite no surprize that the Author, -as he admits in his concluding chapter, having wearied himself with his -task, broke off abruptly--"Mais pour le present je ne pense plus riens a -escripre en ce Livre, _car j'en suis tout lasse_;" or, as Sir Gilbert Hay -in his translation expresses it--"But in gude faith the Doctour sais, that -he was _sa irkit of wryting_, that he mycht nocht as now, na mare tak on -hand as to put in this buke of Bataillis," &c. - - - -II. THE BUKE OF THE ORDER OF KNYGHTHOOD. - -Although subjoined to "The Buke of Batailles," there is no evidence to show -that it was written by the same Author. The original Work, entitled "LE -LIVRE DE L'ORDRE DE CHEVALERIE," is anonymous. A copy of it is contained in -a magnificent volume, written upon vellum, and illuminated for Henry VII. -of England, which forms part of the Royal collection of Manuscripts in the -British Museum (MSS. Bibl. Reg. 14 E. II. Art. 5). The Work also exists in -a printed form, although now of great rarity. "L'Ordre de Chevalerie, -auquel est contenue la maniere comment en doit, faire les Chevaliers, et de -l'honneur qui a eux appartient, et de la dignite d'iceulx; compose par ung -Chevalier, lequel en sa veillesse fut Hermite." Lyon, Vincent de Portunaris -de Trine, 1510, in folio, black letter. It is, however, a proof of the -great popularity of the Work, that a copy of it having fallen into the -hands of our venerable Typographer, WILLIAM CAXTON, (who probably never -heard of Sir Gilbert Hay's previous version,) he added this to his other -translations from the French, and having printed his own translation, he -addressed the volume to King Richard the Third. It has no date, but must -have been printed about the year 1484; and his edition is acknowledged to -be one of the rarest specimens of his press. Lewis in his Life of Caxton, -1737; Oldys in his British Librarian, 1738; Ames and Herbert in their -Typographical Antiquities, 1749 and 1785; and Dibdin, in his enlarged -edition of that work, 1810, and also in his Bibliotheca Spenceriana, 1815, -have each given a more or less detailed account of Caxton's translation. - -In the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, among the collection of MSS. which -belonged to Sir James Balfour of Denmyln, Lord Lyon in the reign of Charles -the First, there is a volume, to which he has prefixed this title, -"Collectanea Domini Davidis Lyndesay de Monthe Militis Leonis Armorum -Regis." This volume is described by Dr Leyden[8] in the Preface to his -republication of "The Complaynt of Scotland," but he has confounded two -persons of the same name, and who held the same office, at an interval of -half a century. The volume, which contains nothing to identify it with Sir -David Lyndesay the Poet, is here noticed, from containing a copy of "The -Order of Knighthood," without the name of the translator. This is evidently -a transcript from Caxton's printed volume, omitting the concluding Address -to Richard the Third, in which Caxton introduces his own name as the -translator; while the transcriber has used his own discretion in adapting -the language to the Scotish orthography and dialect. - -Dr Leyden passes over this portion of the MS. in a very summary manner, and -strangely says, that it, along with "The Buke of Cote-Armouris," which -immediately follows, in Lyndesay's MS., was transcribed from Dame Juliana -Berners's Treatise on Hunting, Hawking, &c., which is usually known as the -"Booke of St Albans." - -The following extracts from the copy of Caxton's volume, in the British -Museum, will be sufficient to convey to the reader some idea of the work -itself; and to form a comparison of the English and Scotish versions. The -first leaf is here given in black letter, line for line, in imitation of -the original:-- - - P. HERE BEGYNNETH THE TABLE OF - THIS PRESENT BOOKE INTYTLED THE - BOOK OF THE ORDRE OF CHYUALRY - OR KNYGHTHODE. - - UNTO THE PRAYSYNGE AND DYUYNE - GLORYE OF GOD/ WHICHE IS LORD AND - SOUERAYNE KYNGE ABOUE AND OUER - ALLE THYNGES CELESTYAL/ AND WORDLY/ WE - BEGYNNE THIS BOOK OF THE ORDRE OF CHYUALRY - FOR TO SHEWE THAT TO THE SYGNEFYAUNCE OF - GOD/ THE PRYNCE ALMYGHTY WHICHE SEYGNO= - RYETH ABOUE THE SEUEN PLANETTES/ THAT MA= - KE THE COURS CELESTYAL/ AND HAUE POWER & - SEYGNORYE IN GOUERNYNGE & ORDEYNYNGE - THE BODYES TERRESTRE AND ERTHELY/ THAT IN - LYKE WYSE OWEN THE KYNGES PRYNCES AND - GRETE LORDES TO HAUE PUYSSAUNCE AND SEYG= - NORY UPON THE KNYGHTES/ AND THE KNY= - TES BY SYMYLYTUDE OUGHTEN TO HAUE PO= - WER AND DOMINACION OUER THE MOYEN PEPLE - AND THIS BOOKE CONTEYNETH VIIJ CHAPITRES - - P. THE FYRST CHAPYTRE SAYTH/ HOW A KNYGHT - BEYNG AN HEREMYTE DEUYSED TO THE SQUYER - THE RULE AND ORDRE OF CHYUALRYE - - P. THE SECOND IS OF THE BEGYNNYNGE OF CHYUALRY - - P. THE THYRD IS OF THOFFYCE OF CHYUALRY - - P. THE FOURTHE OF THEXAMYNACION/ THAT OUGHT - TO BE MADE TO THE ESQUYER WHAN HE WYLLE ENTRE - IN TO THE ORDRE OF CHYUALRY - - P. THE FYFTHE IS IN WHAT MANER THE SQUYER - OUGHT TO RECEYUE CHYUALRY - - P. THE SYXTHE IS OF THE SYGNEFYAUNCE OF THE - ARMES LONGYNGE TO A KNYGHT AL BY ORDRE - - P. THE SEUENTH OF THE CUSTOMMES THAT APPERTEYNE - TO A KNYGHT - - P. THE EYGHT IS OF THE HONOUR THAT OUGHTE - TO BE DONE TO A KNYGHT - - - - P. THUS ENDETH THE TABLE OF THE BOOK OF - CHYUALRY - - P. Here after foloweth the mater and tenour of this said Booke. - - And the Fyrst chapyter saith hou the good Heremyte deuysed to the - Esquyer the Rule and ordre of Chyualrye. - - A Contrey ther was in which it happed that a wyse knyght whiche longe - had mayntened the Ordre of Chyualrye/ And that by the force & noblesse - of his hyghe courage and wysedom and in auenturyng his body had - mayntened warres justes & tornayes & in many batailles had had many - noble victoryes & gloryous & by cause he sawe & thought in his corage - y^t he my[gh]t not long lyue as he which by long tyme had ben by cours - of nature nyghe unto his ende/ chaas to hym an heremytage/ For nature - faylled in hym by age/ And hadde no power ne vertu to vse armes as he - was woned to do/ Soo that thenne his herytages/ & all his rychesses he - lefte to his children/ and made his habytacion or dwellynge place in a - greete wode habondaunt of watres and of grete trees/ and hygh berying - fruytes of dyuerse manyers/ And fledde the world/ by cause that the - feblenesse of his body in the whiche he was by old age fallen/ - - And that he dishonoured not that/ whiche that in honourable thynges and - aventurous hadde ben longe tyme honoured/ - - The same knyght thynkynge on the dethe/ remembryth the departynge fro - this world in to that other/ and also thought of the ryght redoubtable - sentence of oure lord in the whiche hym behoued to come to the day of - Jugement/ In one of the partyes of the same wode was a fayr medowe/ in - whiche was a tree wel laden and charged of fruyte in his tyme/ of which - the knyght lyued in the forest/ And vnder the same tree was a fontayne - moche fayre and clere/ that arowsed and moysted all the medowe/ And in - the same place was the knyght acustomed to come euery daye for to preye - and adoure God Almyghty/ To whome he rendryd thankynge of the honoure - that he had done to him in this world alle the dayes of his lyf/ In - that time it happed at the entryng of a strong wynter/ that a kynge - moche noble/ wyse and ful of good custommes/ sente for many nobles/ by - cause that he wold hold a grete courte/ And by the grete renommee that - was of thys courte/ It happed that a squyer moeued hym for to goo - thyder/ in entencion that there he shold be made knyght/ - - P. Thus as he wente all allone rydynge vppon his palfroy/ It happed/ - that for the trauaylle that he had susteyned of rydynge/ he slepte vpon - his horse/ - - P. In the meane whyle that he rode soo slepynge/ his palfroye yssued - oute of the ryght waye/ and entryd in to the forest/ where as was the - knygte Heremyte/ And soo longe he wente/ that he came to the fontayne - at the same tyme that the knyght whiche dwellyd in the wode to doo his - penaunce was there comen for to praye vnto God/ and for to despyse the - vanytees of this worlde/ lyke as he was acustomed euery day/ whan he - sawe the squyer come/ he lefte his oroyson/ and satte in the medowe in - the shadow of a tree/ And beganne to rede in a lytyl book that he had - in his lappe/ And whan the palfroy was come to the fontayne/ he beganne - to drynke/ And the squyer that slept anone felte that his hors meued - not/ and lyghtly awoke/ And thenne to hym came the knyght whiche was - moche old/ and had a grete berde/ longe heer/ and a feble gowne worne - and broken for ouer longe werynge/ And by the penaunce that he dayly - made was moche discolourd and lene/ And by the teres that he had wepte/ - were his eyen moche wasted/ and hadde a regard or countenaunce of moche - hooly lyf/ Eche of them merueylled of other/ For the knyghte whiche - hadde ben moche longe in his heremytege/ had sene no man sythe that he - had lefte the worlde/ And the sqyuer merueylled hym strongly/ how he - was comen in to that place/ Thenne descended the squyer fro his - palfroy/ and salewed the knyght/ And the knyght receyued hym most - wysely/ And after sette them vpon the grasse that one by that other/ - And er ony of them spak/ eche of them byheld eche others chere/ The - knyght that knewe that the squyer wold not speke fyrst/ by cause that - he wold doo to hym reuerence spak fyrst and said/ Fayr frend what is - your corage or entent/ and whyther goo ye/ wherfor be ye comen hyther/ - Syre sayde he/ the renommee is sprad by ferre contreyes/ that a kynge - moche wyse and noble/ hath commaunded a courte general/ And wylle be - maade hym selfe newe knyght/ And after adoube and make other newe - knyghtes/ estraunge barons and pryue/ And therfore I goo to this courte - for to be adoubed knyght/ But whanne I was a slepe for the trauaylle - that I haue had of the grete journeyes that I haue made/ my palfroy - wente oute of the ryghte way/ and hath brought me vnto this place/ - Whanne the knyght herd speke of the knyghthode & chyualrye/ And - remembryd hym of thordre of the same/ And of that whiche apperteyneth - to a knyght/ he caste out a grete syghe/ and entryd in a grete - thou[gh]t remembrynge of the honoure/ in which chyualrye hadde ben so - longe mayntened/ - - P. In the meane whyle that the knyghte thus thought/ the Esquyer - demaunded of hym/ wherof he was so pensyf/ - - P. And the knyght answerd to hym/ - - P. Fayre sone my thoughte is of the ordre of Knyghthode or Chyualrye/ - And of the gretenesse in which a knyght is holden/ in mayntenynge the - gretenesse of the honour of chyualry/ Thenne the esquyer prayed to the - knyght/ that he wold saye to hym thordre and the manere/ wherfore me - ought the better to honoure and kepe in highe worshippe hit/ as it - ought to be after the ordenaunce of god/ - - P. How sone sayd the knyght knowest thou not what is the rule and ordre - of knyghthode/ and I meruaylle how thow darest demaunde chyualrye or - knyghthode/ vnto the tyme that thou knowe the ordre/ - - P. For noo knyght can loue the ordre/ ne that whiche apperteyneth to - his ordre/ but yf he can knowe the defaultes that he dothe ageynst the - ordre of chyualry/ - - Ne no knyght ought to make ony knyghtes/ but yf he hym self knowe - thordre. - - For a disordynate knyghte is he/ that maketh a knyghte/ and can not - shewe the ordre to hym/ ne the customme of chyualry. - - P. In the meane whyle that the knyght sayd these wordes to the esquyer/ - that demaunded chyualrye/ withoute that he knewe/ what thynge was - chyualrye/ The esquyer answered and sayde to the knyght/ Syre yf hit be - your playsyre/ I byseche yow/ that ye wylle saye and telle to me the - ordre of chyualrye/ - - For wel me semeth and thynketh that I should lerne hit for the grete - desyre/ that I haue therto/ And after my power I shalle ensiewe hit/ yf - hit please yow to enseynge shewe and teche hit me/ - - P. Frend sayde the knyght/ the Rule and ordre of chyualrye is wreton in - this lytyl booke that I hold here in myn handes in which I rede and am - besy somtyme/ to the ende/ that hit make me remembre or thynke on the - grace and bounte/ that god hath gyven and done to me in this world/ by - cause that I honoured and mayntened with al my power thordre of - chiualrye/ For alle in lyke wyse as chyualrye gyueth to a knyghte all - that to hym apperteyneth/ In lyke wyse a kny[gh]t ought to gyve alle - his forces to honoure chyualrye/ - - P. Thenne the knyght delyuered to the esquyer the lytyl booke. - - P. And whanne he hadde redde therin/ he vnderstode that the knyght only - amonge a thousand persones is chosen worthy to haue more noble offyce - than alle the thousand/ And he had also vnderstanden by that lytyl - booke/ the Rule and ordre of chyualry/ And thenne he remembryd hym a - lytyl/ And after sayd/ A syre blessyd be ye/ that haue brought me in - place and in time/ that I haue knowlege of Chyualrye/ the whiche I haue - longe tyme desyred/ withoute that I knewe the noblesse of the ordre/ ne - the honoure in whiche oure lord god hath sette alle them that ben in - thordre of Chyualrye/ - - P. The knight sayd/ Fayre sone I am an old man & feble/ and may not - forthon moche longe lyue/ And therfor this lytyl booke that is made for - the deuocion/ loyalte/ and the ordinance that a knyght ought to haue in - holdynge his ordre/ ye shall bere with yow to the courte where as ye go - vnto/ and to shewe to alle them that will be made knyghts/ And whan ye - shalle be newe doubed knyght/ and ye shall retorne in to your countrey/ - Come ageyne to this place/ And lette me haue knowlege who they be that - haue ben maade newe knyghtes/ and shalle haue ben obeyssant to the - doctryne of chyualry/ Thenne the knyght gaf to thesquire his blessynge/ - and he took leve of hym/ and tooke the booke moche deuoutely/ And after - mounted vpon his palfroy/ and went forth hastely to the courte/ And - whan he was comen/ he presented the booke moche wysely and ordynatly to - the noble kyng/ & furthermore he offryd that euery noble man that wold - be in thordre of Chyualry myght haue a copye of the sayd book/ to thend - that he myght see & lerne thordre of knyghthode and Chyualrye/ - - - - P. Here endeth the book of thordre of Chyualry/ whiche book is - translated out of Frensshe into Englysshe at a requeste of a gentyl and - noble esquire by me/ William Caxton dwellynge in Westmynstre besyde - london in the most best wyse that god hath suffred me/ and accordynge - to the copye that the sayd squyer delyuerd to me/ whiche book is not - requisyte to euery comyn man to haue/ but to noble gentylmen that by - their virtu entende to come & entre in to the noble ordre of chyualry/ - the whiche in these late dayes hath ben vsed accordyng to this booke - here to fore wreton but forgeten/ and thexcersitees of chyualry/ not - used/ honoured/ ne exercysed/ as hit hath ben in auncyent tyme/ at - whiche tyme the noble actes of the knyghtes of Englond that vsed - Chyualry were renomed thurgh the vnyuersal world/ As for to speke to - fore thyncarnacion of Jesu Chryste/ where were there euer ony lyke to - brenius and belynus that from the grete Brytagne now called Englond - vnto Rome & ferre beyonde conquered many Royaumes and londes/ whos - noble actes remayn in thold hystoryes of the Romayns/ And syth the - Incarnacion of oure lord/ byhold that noble king of Brytayne king - Arthur/ with all the noble kny[gh]tes of the ro[=u]d table/ whos noble - actes and noble chyualry of his knyghtes occupye soo many large - volumes/ that is a world/ or as thing incredyble to byleue/ O ye - knyghtes of Englond where is the custome and vsage of noble chyualry - that was vsed in tho dayes/ what do ye now/ but go to the baynes & - playe atte dyse/ And some not wel aduysed/ vse not honest and good rule - ageyn alle ordre of knyghthode/ leue this/ leue it and redde the noble - volumes of saynt graal of lancelot/ of galaad/ of Trystram/ of perse - forest/ of percyual/ of gawayn/ & many mo/ Ther shalle ye see manhode/ - curtosy/ & gentylnesse/ And loke in latter dayes of the noble actes - syth the c[=o]quest/ as in kyng Rychard dayes cuer du Lyon/ Edward the - fyrste/ and the thyrd/ and his noble sones/ Syre Robert Knolles/ Syr - Johan Cha[=u]dos/ and Syre gualtier Manuy/ rede froissart/ And also - behold that vyctoryous and noble kynge harry the fyfthe/ and the - captayns vnder hym his noble bretheren/ Therle of Salysbury Montagu/ - and many other whoos names shyne gloryously by their vertuous noblesse - & actes that they did in thonour of thordre of chyualry/ Allas what do - ye/ but sleep & take ease/ and are al dysordred fro chyualry/ I wold - demaunde a question yf I shold not displease/ how many knyghtes ben - there now in Englond/ that haue thuse and thexcercyse of a knyght/ that - is to wete/ that he knoweth his hors/ & his hors hym/ that is to saye/ - he beyng eredy at a poynt to haue al thyng that longeth to a knight/ an - hors that is accordyng and broken after his hand/ his armures and - harnoys mete and syttyng/ & so forth/ _et cetera_/ I suppose and a due - serche shold be made/ there shold he many founden that lacke/ the more - pyte is/ I wold it pleasyd our souerayn Lord that twyes or threys in a - year/ or at the least ones he wold do crye Justes of pees/ to thend - that euery knyght shold haue hors and harneys/ and also the vse and - craft of a knyght/ and also to tornoye one ageynst one/ or ij against - ij/ And the best to haue a prys/ a dyamond or jewel/ suche as shold - please the prynce/ This shold cause gentylmen to resorte to thauncyent - customes of chyualry to grete fame and ren[=o]mee/ And also to be alwey - redy to serue theyr prynce whan he shalle calle them/ or haue nede/ - Thenne late euery man that is come of noble blood/ and entendeth to - come to the noble ordre of chyualry/ read this lytyl book/ and doo - therafter/ in kepyng the lore and commaundements therin comprysed/ And - thenne I doubte not he shall atteyne to thordre of chyualry/ _et - cetera_. - - And thus this lytyl book I presente to my redoubted naturel and most - dradde souerayne lord kyng Rychard kyng of Englond and of Fraunce/ to - thend/ that he commaunde this book to be had and redde vnto other yong - lordes knyghtes and gentylmen within this royame/ that the noble ordre - of chyualry be herafter better vsed & honoured than hit hath ben in - late dayes passed/ And herin he shalle do a noble & vertuous dede/ and - I shalle pray almy[gh]ty god for his long lyf & prosperous welfare/ & - that he may haue vyctory of all his enemyes/ & after this short & - transitory lyf to haue euerlastyng lyf in heuen/ where as is Joye and - blysse/ world without ende/ Amen/ - - - -III. THE BUKE OF THE GOUERNANCE OF PRINCES. - -This very popular work is a translation of the "Secretum Secretorum," -falsely attributed to Aristotle. Its popularity was so great that not less -than nine English translations and six French translations are known. It is -probable that Sir Gilbert Hay made his version from one of the French -translations current in the Fifteenth Century. - - * * * * * - -In now adverting to SIR GILBERT HAY, the Translator of the "ORDERE OF -KNIGHTHOOD," and of other Works, from the French, it is matter of regret -that we possess no very certain information respecting him. Some of the -uncertainty which prevails in regard to his lineage arises from the -circumstance that the name of Gilbert, in the family of Errol, with whom we -may presume he was nearly related, was of very common occurrence. The Hays -of Errol, the chief of the name in Scotland, appear in the public Records -as Hereditary Constables of Scotland before the end of the Twelfth Century. -Without further entering upon their Genealogy, as exhibited in Douglas and -Wood's Peerage of Scotland, vol. i. page 544, &c., and in similar works, it -may briefly be noticed that, in the course of the Fifteenth Century-- - -I. Sir Thomas Hay of Errol, Constable of Scotland, died in the year 1406. -He married in 1372, Elizabeth third daughter of King Robert II., by his -first wife Elizabeth Mure; and had two sons, Sir William, who succeeded, -and Gilbert Hay, who is designed of Dronlaw; also three daughters, the -youngest of whom, Alicia, married Sir William Hay of Locharret.[9] - -II. Sir William Hay of Errol, who succeeded in 1406, died in 1436. By his -wife Margaret, daughter of Sir Patrick Gray of Broxmouth, he had two sons, -Gilbert, and William Hay of Urry, in the county of Kincardine. - -III. Gilbert Hay, eldest son of Sir William, was one of the hostages sent -to England in 1412, and again in 1424, for the ransom of King James the -First, who had been held in captivity for eighteen years. On the last -occasion he is styled "Gilbertus Primogenitus et Haeres Willielmi -Constabularii Scotiae," his annual revenue being estimated equal to 800 -marks; and at that time "Gilbert of the Haye, askyth conduct for 3 -servants." (Rymer's Foedera, vol. x. p. 327). In 1426 he had a safe -conduct. He died in England soon after 1426, leaving, by his wife Alicia, -daughter of Sir William Hay of Yester, two sons, William and Gilbert. - -IV. Sir William Hay succeeded his grandfather in 1436, and was created Earl -of Errol in the year 1452-3. He married Beatrix Douglas, daughter of James -third Lord Dalkeith. His brother Gilbert, who succeeded his uncle William -Hay of Urry, had a charter of the lands of Urry, in the county of -Kincardine, 12th August 1467; and died before September 1487. The Earl of -Errol, who died about 1460, was succeeded by his eldest son, - -V. Nicholas, second Earl of Errol. He died without issue in 1470, and was -succeeded by his brother, - -VI. William, third Earl of Errol, who survived till 1506. - -This brief view of the Hays of Errol, during the Fifteenth Century, may -serve to guide our conjectures in regard to Sir Gilbert Hay. That he was -born about the commencement of that century, we are warranted to assume. -There is no evidence of any of the younger sons in the Errol family, at -this period, having had the honour of Knighthood; and therefore it may be -conjectured that he was the son of Sir William Hay of Locharret, one of -whose daughters, Jane, was married to Sir Alexander Home of Dunglas, who -accompanied the Scotish forces under the Earl of Douglas to France, and who -lost his life with the Earl at the Battle of Verneuil, 17th August 1424. It -is certain, at least, that Gilbert Hay received a liberal education, and he -appears to have prosecuted his studies at the University of St Andrews, -which was founded in the year 1411. This we ascertain from the "Acta -Facult. Art. Univers. S. Andreae," where the name "Gylbertus Hay," occurs -among the _Determinants_, or Bachelors of Arts, in the year 1418. In the -following year, "Gilbertus de Haya, Magister," is included in the higher -degree among the _Licentiates_, or Masters of Arts. One of his fellow -students was William Turnbull, who afterwards became successively Doctor of -Laws, Archdean of St Andrews, Keeper of the Privy Seal, and Bishop of -Glasgow; and who, about three years before his death, so honourably -distinguished himself by founding the College of Glasgow, in the year -1452-3. - -After taking his Master's degree at St Andrews, Gilbert Hay proceeded to -France, but whether it may have been to complete his education, or that he -was sent on any special mission, must be left to conjecture.[10] It might -have been, that like so many of the younger sons in Scotish families of -rank, at an early as well as in more recent times, he had gone abroad to -push his fortunes; and thus, like Quentin Durward, when first addressing -Louis XI., he might have said,--"I am ignorant whom I may have the honour -to address, but I am indifferent who knows that I am a cadet of Scotland; -and that I come to seek my fortune in France, or elsewhere, after the -custom of my countrymen." It will be seen that he styles himself "Gilbert -of the Haye, Knycht, Master in Arts, and Bachelor in Decreis,"--titles -expressive of academical distinctions; and also "Chamberlain umquhile to -the maist worthy King Charles of France." Dr Mackenzie, overlooking the -obvious meaning of these words in the position of _umquhile_, instead of -"late Chamberlain to the King," made him "Chamberlain to Charles VI., King -of France." But that Monarch began his reign in 1380, and died in 1422, -probably before Hay had set his foot in France. His son, Charles VII., -ascended the throne in 1422, and survived till 1461. Sir Walter Scott, in -"Quentin Durward," chapter v., has given a very graphic account of the -Scotish Archer Guard, which was instituted by Charles VI., and consisted of -a select number of the Scotish Nation, supplied from the superabundant -population of their native country. It is no improbable conjecture, -therefore, that Gilbert Hay may have been one of their number, and like the -imaginary character in the work of fiction referred to, have thus been -brought under the special notice of the French King, and in this manner -obtained the patronage of Charles VII. Another event that may have -contributed to his holding an official appointment in the Royal Household, -was the alliance between Margaret, eldest daughter of James I. of Scotland, -and the Dauphin of France. This took place in July 1436, when she was only -twelve years of age; and she was attended by a number of persons of rank, -some of whom remained in her service. Be this as it may, and without -attempting to conjecture on what occasion Hay received the honour of -Knighthood, we know, from a passage to be afterwards mentioned, that he -resided in France during a period of twenty-four years; and he may have -returned to his native country soon after the death of the youthful -Princess. She died of a broken heart in August 1445, or sixteen years -before her husband, whose character is so ably depicted by Scott, had -succeeded to the throne under the title of Louis XI. - -After Sir Gilbert Hay's return to Scotland, we find him residing at Roslin -Castle with Sir William Saintclair, third Earl of Orkney, (a title which he -resigned, in 1456, for the Earldom of Caithness)--a nobleman of great -influence and wealth, who had accompanied the Princess Margaret to France -in 1436. He was twice married, his first wife being Lady Margaret Douglas, -daughter of Archibald fourth Earl of Douglas; and he lived in such a kingly -state, that we are told, his Lady "had serving her 75 gentlewomen, whereof -53 were daughters to noblemen, all cloathed in velvets and silks, with -their chains of gold, and other pertinents; together with 200 rideing -gentlemen, who accompanied her in all her journeys. She had carried before -her when she went to Edinburgh, if it was darke, 80 lighted torches. Her -lodging was att the foot of the Blackfryer Wynde: so that, in a word, none -matched her in all the country, save the Queen's Majesty."[11] We are -further told of this "Prince," William Earl of Orkney, that--"In his house -he was royally served in gold and silver vessels, in most princely manner; -for the Lord Dirletone was his Master Household, the Lord Borthwick was his -Cup-bearer, and the Lord Fleming his Carver, under whom, in time of their -absence, was the Laird of Drumlanrig, surnamed Stewart, the Laird of -Drumelzier, surnamed Tweedie, and the Laird of Calder, surnamed Sandilands. -He had his halls and chambers richly hung with embroidered hangings," &c. -In 1446, he founded the Collegiate Church of Roslin, that beautiful -specimen of architecture, the ruins of which still excite so much -admiration under the popular designation of Roslin Chapel. It was at the -request of this nobleman that he undertook the translations which are -contained in the present volume, and which bear the date of 1456. Sir -Gilbert Hay, like some of the persons here named, was probably connected -with this nobleman, as in the genealogy of that family, the fifth of the -nine daughters of Henry second Earl of Orkney, is said to have married a -Hay Earl of Errol. - -There is still preserved a curious document entitled "The Inventar of the -Goods of Alexander de Sutherland of Dumbethe," whose daughter Marjory was -the Countess of Caithness and Orkney.[12] It includes his Testament, and -bears to have been made at Roslin, the castle of his son-in-law, on the -15th November 1456, "in the presence of ane hie and mighti Lord William -Earl of Caithnes and Orkney, Lord Saintclair, &c., SIR GILBERT THE HAYE, -Sir Henry Atkinson, Mr Thomas Thurberndson (or Thornebrande), Public Notar, -&c., with dyvers uthirs." At the end of his numerous legacies and bequests, -there is added, "Item, I gif and leive my sylar [silver] colar to _Sir -Gilbert the Haye_, and he to say for my soul ten Psalters."[13] - -The long residence of Sir Gilbert Hay in France rendered him familiar not -only with the language, but with the current literature of the country. -This may have suggested to him, upon his return to Scotland, the propriety -of employing himself in translating some of the more remarkable productions -of French literature, for the benefit or amusement of his friends. A -fortunate discovery of an old Manuscript volume at Taymouth Castle, and the -liberality of the Noble Proprietor in communicating it, brought to light -another and a more important undertaking which Sir Gilbert Hay had -accomplished, by rendering the Metrical Romance of ALEXANDER THE GREAT into -Scotish Verse, at the request of Thomas first Lord Erskine, (properly -second Earl of Mar, of the name of Erskine,) who succeeded his father in -1453, and died in 1494. The Work extends to upwards of 20,000 lines; but -the imperfect state of the Manuscript, which exhibits an evidently -inaccurate copy of the translation, added to its great extent, may possibly -keep it from ever being printed entire. But some obscure lines, introduced -by one of the transcribers, at the close of the volume, contains the -information already alluded to, of its having been translated at the -request "of the Lord Erskine, by SIR GILBERT THE HAY," and of his having -spent twenty-four years in the service of the King of France.[14] - -How long Sir Gilbert Hay may have survived can only be conjectured. The -Taymouth MS. is transcribed from another copy which had apparently been -written in the year 1493; and the mode in which the Translator is alluded -to, indicates that he had been dead for several years. This serves to -corroborate the mention of his name among the deceased Scotish Poets who -are celebrated by Dunbar in his "Lament for the Death of the Makaris."[15] - - NORTON HALL, _January 1847_. - - * * * * * - - -The Buke - -of - -The Order of Knyghthood, - -Translated - -by Gilbert of the Haye knycht. - -[Decoration] - -PROLOGUS. - -At the honour and the reuerence of God Almichty his glore and louyng of his -prouidence, the quhilk is souerane lord and syre de toutes choses, of all -thingis in heuyn and in erde, we begyn here THE BUKE OF THE ORDRE OF -KNYCHTHEDE: ffor to schaw, how be the semblaunce of the hye almychty prince -of hevin, quhilk has dominacioun and seignoury apon the vij planetis of the -hevyn,--the quhilkis seuin planetis makis all the courss of the hevyn, and -gouernis the influences celestiales, and has powere apon the ordinancis of -all erdely corporale thingis; and to schaw, that as kingis and princis has -dominacioun and seignoury here apon all knychtis, sa suld knychtis haue -dominacioun and seignourye subordinate of the princis and lordis behalue, -be semblaunce of syk like figure, apon the small peple, to gouerne, reugle, -and defend thame in all thair necessiteis: The quhilk Buke is deuidit in -sere parties, as sall efterwart appere be the declaracioun of the chapitres -efter folowand. - -HERE FOLOWIS THE DECLARACIOUN OF THE RUBRIKIS EFTIR THE PARTIES OF THE -BUKE. - -The Fyrst chapitre is, How a bachelere Squyere of honoure passit till a -grete semblee of Lordis, at a Kingis crounyng, in entencioun to tak the -Ordere of Knychthede, and how he forvayit, and willit in a wilderness -quhare thare was ane alde Knycht duelland in ane hermytage, that had tane -him fra the warld, to lyue in contemplacioun of Almychty God, to mend his -lyf, and mak gude end, etc.; And how the worthy anciene Knycht techit the -Squyere the poyntis of honour and propereteis pertenand to the said Ordre, -etc. - -Quhat the secund chapitre contenis, sequitur.-- - -The Secound chapitre is, How the Bachelere quhilk suld ressaue that hye -Ordre, how he suld first lere the pointis and the propereteis of the Ordre, -before that he tak it, in the begynnyng. - -Quhat the thrid chapitre contenis.-- - -The Thrid chapitre contenis, All the said properteis of the noble Ordre and -office of Knychthede, as the Knycht deuisis. - -Quhat the ferde chapitre contenis.-- - -The Ferde chapitre contenis, The forme of the examinacioun how the -Bachelere Squyere suld be examynit, be the faderis of the Ordre, before or -he ressauit the said Ordre. - -Quhat the fyft chapitre contenis.-- - -The Fyft chapitre contenis, How the Bacheler Squyer suld ressaue the noble -Ordre, and the forme and manere tharof, and of the process of the making of -Knychtis be ordre. - -Quhat the sext chapitre contenis.-- - -The Sext chapitre contenis, The poyntis of the takenyngis of the blasoun of -the signis and seremons custumable to be maid in geving of the said Ordre, -and all be ordre. - -Quhat the sevynt chapitre contenis.-- - -The Sevynt chapitre contenis, The gude thewis, vertues, and custumes that -pertenis to the Knychtis that honourably wald manetene the foresaid Ordre -of Knychthede. - -Quhat the auchtand chapitre contenis.-- - -The Auchtand chapitre contenis, How the said Ordre suld be haldyn at -honour, and quhat honoure suld be done to thame that beris the said Ordre, -and has optenyt it with honoure. - -[Decoration] - -HERE BEGYNNYS THE FIRST CHAPITRE OF THE BUKE. - -The Autoure of this Buke rehersis, How it befell in a contree quhare a -worthy, wyse, anciene Knycht, that lang tyme had bene in the exercisioun of -honourable weris, the quhilk, be the noblesse and the force of his noble -and hie curage, throu grete wisedome and hye gouernaunce, had auenturit his -persone to pursue and manetene justis, tournaymentis, and weris, and throu -his gude fortune and prowess, had optenyt grete honour and glore, and -victorius loving: And efter all this, as course of nature gevis till all -mankynde, and othir creaturis that in this erde lyf beris, he, considerand -that this lyf mycht nocht langsumly endure, bot it behovit nedely tak ane -end; for to make gude end, and conclusioun to godwart, and to lyve out of -the sicht of tribulacioun and vexacioun of the warld, and to be at his -deuocioun in contemplacioun of his Creatour: For he sawe that God had gevin -him largely of his grace, sufficiandly of warldly honoure and glore; and -that nature in him was sa faillid throu febilness, that he had nouthir -force, na vertu, na powere to welde armes as he was wount; and had deuisit -and departit his landis, gudis, and heritagis till his barnis, and ordanyt -for all his thingis fynablye, and chesit to mak his habitacioun in a thik -wod of a wilderness, in a faire haulch, inclosit within wateris, and grete -treis bath of fruytis and of diuers naturis, and of herbes, sa that he was -content to flee the sycht and the repaire of the warld: Sa that nane that -had sene him sa worthily, honestly, and honourably, had euir hidertillis -manetenyt sa worthy and hye Ordere in all worschip, but lak or dishonestee -of his cors, suld se him in his failit elde, for fault of powere of -naturall strenth, in syk febilness that he mycht nocht oure him self to -gouerne his persone in syk worschip of honestee as he was wount, that filth -of elde schamyt him nocht, quhill he had [gh]eldit to God and nature his -naturale dewiteis: And als, that the vexacioun of the warld gert him nocht -abstrak his inclinacioun of contemplacioun and deuocioun fra the contynuale -remembraunce that he was determynit in his hert to have of the glorious -passioun of Crist, the quhilk he traistit, suld be a targe betuix him and -the inymy of mankynde, in the day of the dredefull jugement, to sauf him -fra the terrible paynis of hell. And as he was walkand a day in ane herbare -allane, in his deuocioun, in a thik busk of the wod, quhare there was a -grete tree in the myddis, chargit full of fair fruytis in the sesoun, the -quhilkis he gaderit and held to refresch him with be tymes: And in that -herbare, vnder the saide fruyte tree, thare was a faire well of water of -noble nature, quhilk in diuers stryndis past throu the herber till othir -gardynnis and preaux, till watere thame in somere for more gudely growth; -in the quhilk herbare the noble Knycht was custumyt to mak his dayly -repaire; and thare in his contemplacioun, he maid his secrete orisoun, -zeldand gracis and lovingis to Almychty God, the makare of the mekle honour -and worschip that he had grantit him in this warld, euermare day of his -lyf, to contynew in sik deuocioun and contemplacioun perpetualy. - -And sa befell that in the samyn tyme, befell a grete stormy wyntere, in the -quhilk a worthy King had sett and ordanyt a grete assemblee of Lordis and -Knychtis and worthy men, for hie, grete, and honourable actis to be done, -in the quhilkis mony [gh]ong bachelere squieris proposit thame to be maid -knychtis of that worthy Kingis hand: And sa befell that ane of the lordis -sonis of that contree, quhilk had sett his entent and purpose to tak the -Ordre of Knychthede at the said assemblee; and as it hapnyt him to pas -throu that contree quhare the noble anciene Knycht had maid his -habitacioun; And forthy that the said Squier quhilk was ferre trauailit, -for irknes of trauale and waking to cum to the semblee, he slepit apon his -palfray, and wauerit fra his folk out of the hye way, sa that he become -properly in the samyn forest and wilderness quhare the Knycht was -induelland; and to the samyn fontayn, in the herbere thare, quhare the -Knycht was at his contemplacioun, in the samyn tyme come [the palfray] -thare to drink at the well. And als sone as that the Knycht sawe in syk a -kynde, sik ane honourable man, he left his contemplacioun, and tuke out a -Buke of his bosum and began to rede. And sone quhen the pallefray put doun -his hede in the well for to drynk, the Squiere began to wakyn of his slepe, -and wist nocht quhare he was becummyn, and than rais vp the worthy anciene -Knycht, and comit till him to spere of his effere; the quhilk quhen the -[gh]ong Squiere saw sa hare and alde, with a lang berde, and langar syde -hyngand hare, quhite as the snawe, with a syde goun, alde and bare of -wolle, and euill farand, with mony holis ryvin and rent, for grete age of -wering, and for the grete waking and deuocioun and penitence that he had -tane till him in that desert, and the greting that he maid for his trespass -of [gh]outhede, he was worthin rycht lene, pale and wan, with hevy chere, -and holl eyne, sa that be semblance his behalding was lyke to be as of a -haly man and of godly lyf. Sa that grete maruaill had thai ilkane of othir, -ffor sen the Knycht hed left the warld, to duell thare in that desert, he -had nocht sene na man in all that tyme. And the [gh]ong Squyere had mare -grete maruaill, how he was hapnyt thare, and of the grete maruailouss maner -of the worthy man; quhilk be his feris and port semyt till have bene a man -of grete valoure: And with that he lichtit doun of his pallefray, and -salust the noble Knycht, quhilk [gh]eldit him agayne his reuerence and -ressauit him graciously, and gert him sytt doun in the herbere, and reyne -his horse, and rest him; and lang tyme beheld him in the visage, to se gif -he wold aucht say. Bot the Squyere, quhylk maruailit mekle of the efferis -of the Knycht, for the grete worthynes that him thocht apperit in his -visage, and maneris, he deferrit till him to moue first speche, as to do -him reuerence for honour and age. And thus the worthy Knycht spak first, -sayand, Faire frende, quhat is the cause of [gh]oure cummyng here in this -wildernes? And fra quhyn ar [gh]e cummyn, and quhare wald [gh]e be? And -than ansuerd the [gh]ong Bachelere, sayand, Certes Sir, thare is a grete -renoun gangand in ferre contreis of a grete assemblee, and rycht -honourable, that suld be maid in this land be ane of the maist worthy -Kingis that is in the warld: quhare grete multitude of honourable and -worthy men suld assemble, for honourable actis to be done, and thare suld -the said King mak mony new knychtis, be cause that he him self has -entencioun to be maid knycht thare, in the samyn tyme; and thus for honour -of the worthy Prince and of his new knychthede, I and otheris drawis -togedir to se thai honourable actis, and, God willand, to be maid knycht of -his hand thare. And be caus that I tuke grete journeis be the way cummand, -my pallefray, throu his soft passing, gave me curage to slepe, as man -fordouerit, and sa bade behynd my company, and wanderit sa in this -wilderness, vnwittand quhare, quhill my hors, in this haulch, heldit to -drynk. Than ar [gh]e, said the worthy Knycht rycht welcum here. - -Bot quhen the noble worthy man herd him speke of the hye and noble Ordere -of Knychthede, and of the propereteis that till it appertenis, he gave a -sare sob, with a grete siche, that vness mycht he speke lang tyme eftir; -rememberand of the grete honoure that he had bene in, manetenand the saide -Ordre of sa lang tyme. And quhen the Squyere saw him fall in syk a thocht, -be manere of ane extasy, he sperit at him, Quhat movit him to muse sa mekle -on his wordis? And than the worthy anciene Knycht ansuerd him, sayand, That -his thocht was on the hye and worthy Ordre of Knychthede that he had spoken -of, and on the grete charge that a knycht vndergais quhen he vndertakis -that noble and worschipfull Ordre of Knychthede. And than said the said -Squiere, That gif he coud oucht teche him of the poyntis that mycht pertene -to the said Ordere, for the honour and reuerence of God, that he wald teche -him. And with that the said Knycht blenkit vp, sayand, O faire sone, how -art thou sa bald to sett thee to tak that forenamyt Ordere bot first thou -knew the poyntis belangand the gouernaunce and manetenaunce of it, and the -maner how it suld be kepit, gouernyt, and manetenyt in honoure and -worschip, as efferis, eftir the ordinaunce of God: ffor thare suld nane be -sa hardy to tak that hye honourable Ordre bot he war first worthy be the -sicht of a prince thare till. And syne that coud the poyntis and the -articlis that to the said Ordre appertenis, and to knaw bath the meritis -and the prowess of the Ordre; and rycht sa the defaultis that a knycht may -mak till his Ordre; nathare suld na knycht mak ane othir bot first he -himself coud thai poyntis, techingis, and documentis, to teche thame to the -vassall or bachelere, that he thocht to mak a knycht of: ffor he is -misordanyt and vnworthy knycht that makis knychtis nocht knawand the -propereteis of the said Ordre, to teche to thame that he gevis the Ordre -till the custumys and documentis that till it appertenis. And then said the -Sqyuare, Faire fader, sen it is sa that as I traist [gh]e knaw the -propereteis and custumes of the said Ordre, that [gh]e wald, of [gh]our -gudelynes, teche me and informe of the documentis and propereteis belangand -to the said Ordre of Knichthede; ffor I haue gude hope in God, that for the -traist that I haue thairto, I sulde lere besily and wele all the -perfectioun of the said Ordre. - -And than ansuerd the Knycht, sayand, Faire sone, sen it is sa that thou has -sa gude will to lere the reuglis and the documentis belangand the said -Ordre, I sall len the a lytill Buke quharein all the reuglis and the -ordynaunce of all the poyntis and documentis that pertenis to the said -Ordre ar writin; in the quhilk Buke, I rede wele oft, and takis -consolatioun, of the mekle honoure, worschippis, and worthynes that to the -said Ordre appertenis, and of the grete grace that God hes gevin me in this -erde to be sa happy till haue gouernyt sa, but lak, the said Ordre, that -all my grace and gude auenture throw it I hadand rycht sa I honourit it, -and did all my powere to manetene it, and kepe it in worschip, but repruf; -for rycht as Knycht, be his Ordre, takis bath of God and man honoure, -worschip, and warldly prouffit, rycht sa he is behaldyn till gouerne, kepe, -and manetene his Ordre in all honoure, worschip, and reuerence vndefoulit. -And than delyuerit the Knycht the Buke to the Bachelere; in the quhilk -quhen he had red a lytill space, he hevit vp his handis to the hevyn, and -lovit Almychti God that had gevin him the grace to cum that way, in the -tyme that he was sa wele fortunyt to haue knaulage of the poyntis, -techingis, and properteis of the said Ordre, and reuglis that till it -appertenit, the quhilk I have lang tyme mekle desyrit to knawe. And than -said the Knycht, Faire sone, thou sall tak this Buke with the to the Court, -for sen I am bath alde and wayke, and may nocht trauaill to schaw the -reuglis, and documentis, and propereteis of the said Ordre to thame that -desyris thame, that ar with the King, thou sall geve the copy of this said -Buke till all men that desyris it; and thou sall hecht me, quhen thou art -doubbit Knycht, thou sall cum this way agayne this, and tell me quhat -Knychtis salbe maid thare, and all the manere of thair making, and how the -King and the new Knychtis takis in thank this Buke of the reuglis and -documentis of the said Ordre; and quha askis the copy of it. - -And thus tuke the Bachelere his leve at the Knycht, and the Knycht his -benedictioun, and sa lap on his horse, and passit on, quhill he met with -his men[gh]e; and sa to the Kingis palace; and did his devoyr in -gouernement of his persone rycht worthily, and gave the copy till all maner -of noble man that wald desyre till have it: the quhilk Buke the King lovit -mekle, and prisit, and all the lordis, and held it rycht dere. - -[Decoration] - -SECUNDUM CAPITULUM. - -HERE FOLOWIS THE SECUND CHAPITRE, THAT SPEKIS OF THE POYNTIS OF THE ORDRE -THAT A BACHELERE SQUIERE SULD LERE, OR HE TAK THE FORENAMYT ORDRE. - -In the tyme that cheritee, leautee, justice, and veritee was failit in the -warld, than began crueltee, vnlautee, injure and falsetee: and than was -errour and distrublaunce in the warld; in the quhilk warld God had maid man -to duelle to trowe in him, serue him, honoure him, loue him, and dout him: -Bot first quhen despising of justice come in the warld, and than was syk -mysreugle and misgouernaunce in the warld amang the peple for fault of -justice, that for to gere the reugle of gude gouernaunce cum agayn with -force and drede of awe, the peple gert chess a Man amang a thousand, the -quhilk was maist wise, maist stark and sturdy, and best of gouernaunce, -maist godlyke, and full of grete leautee, and of maist nobless, maist -curageus, and best techit in vertues; and ay of ilke thowsand of the peple -thare was syk a man chosyn to be chiftane of the laue, and to gouerne -thame, and be thaire ledare: And syne thai inquerit and soucht quhat beste -was maist worthy, maist stark and sturdy, and maist swift rynnand, and -maist hable to mannis service, and behove, and thareto was chosyn the -Horse; for the maist worthy and convenable and best rynnand, and maist -hable for mannis service; and that hors was ordanyt to that chose Man to -ryde upon; and eftir the Hors the Knycht, ane of his namys, that in Franche -is callit Cheualier, that is to say, Hors man, and be the tothir -significacioun, that is callit Miles; that cummys of this foresaid caus, -that he was in thai tymes a man chosyn be the prince and the peple of ilke -thousand men, the worthiest to be thair Chiftane and Gouernoure in were, -and thaire Protectour in tyme of pes. And thus quhen he was in thai tymes -chosyn amang a thousand, ane of maist vertu, and worthiest to be a -gouernour of the laue; and syne the maist worthy and noble beste of the -warld chosin to bere him, that he suld nocht ga on fut: syne eftir ordaynyt -thai that the maist noble and worthy armoure suld be deuisit and maid to -thai Knychtis to kepe thair persouns in hele fra strakis of thair inymyeis, -and fra the dede; and thare was he enarmyt and sett upon the hors and maid -Chiftane and Gouernour of a thowsand persouns vnder him; and thus was -Knychthede first ordanyt and maid. And thar fore all Knychtis suld think -apon thair worthy and noble begynnyng, and the propereteis and causis thar -of; and sett him sa that he haue als noble a curage in him self as suld -effere to the Noble Ordre, that he ressauis in virtueis, and in gude -thewis, and worthynes of condiciouns, sa that his worthy condiciouns and -vertewis accorde to the begynnyng that is sa noble; ffor and he do the -contrair, he is inymy till his Ordre, and syk men suld nocht be ressauit to -the Ordre that ar inymyes tharetill. Na suld nane be maid Knychtis that had -contrarius condiciouns to that worthy and noble Ordre: he suld haue lufe -and drede in him till God, and till his Prince, agains haterent and -despising; and rycht as he suld lufe and drede God, and his Lord and -Prince, sa suld he ger him self be dred and lufit of his folk, bathe be -nobless of curage, and gude thewis, and gude custumes, thinkand apon the -hye honoure and worschip that is gevin till him, that is sa hye and sa -noble ane office, and of sik worschip, that the condiciouns, and the -nobless of the Ordre, suld be accordand togeder: Sa that throu the grete -honour of his electioun, first, that be the prince and the people, is -chosin amang a thousand for the maist worthy, and syne the maist noble and -worthy armouris put on him, and syne the maist noble and worthy beste that -was in the world gevin and ordanyt him to ryde on, and otheris to gang on -sut besyde him; than aucht he wele to lufe and drede God, and his Prince -that sendis him that hye honour and worschip; and syne he aw wele to mak -syk cause throu nobless of curage and gude custumes, that he be lufit and -dred of the peple; sa that be lufe he conquest charitee, and be drede he -conquest lautee and justice: And thus all Knycht suld haue in him thir -foure thingis, that is to say, charitee and gude thewis, lautee and -justice, and suld excede otheris in nobless of vertues as he does in -nobless of honouris. And alssua, in samekle as man is mare worthy, mare -curageus, and vertuous, and mare wit and vnderstanding has na womman, and -of mair stark nature, in samekle is he better na womman, or ellis nature -war contrary till it self; that bountee and beautee of curage suld folowe -bountee, and beautee, and nobless of cors; and thus sen a man is mare hable -till haue mare noble curage, and to be better na womman, in samekle is he -mare enclynit to be tempit to vice na is the womman, ffor he is mare hardy -vndertakare, bathe in gude and euill, opynly; and in samekle has he mare -meryt till abstene him fra vicis na has the womman, that is of wayke -nature: and tharfore ilke man suld be war that wald enter in the foresaid -Ordre; and wit wele first quhat he dois, ffor he takis thare a grete -honoure, maryte with a grete seruitute; that is to say, a grete thrillage -that he mon ressaue with the Ordre, to be thrall to the condiciouns, -propereteis, and custumes that appertenis to the said Ordre, and to the -frendis of the said Ordre: ffor quhy, that in samekle that a man has mare -noble creacioun and begynning, and mare has of honour, in samekle is he -mare thrall, and bounde to be gude and agreable to God, and till him that -dois him that honoure. And gif he be of wikkit and euill lyf of tyranny and -crimynous lyfing, he is contrarius and inymy of the Ordre, and rebellour to -the commandementis of honour. For the Ordre of Knychthede, be the caus that -it is maid and ordanyt for, is sa noble of it self, that the Princis war -nocht anerly content, and the peple to ches the maist noble man of ligny, -and to geue him the maist noble armouris, and syne sett him on the maist -noble and curageus beste for mannis vse. Bot sen thai ordanyt him to be a -lorde: Bot quhat vnderstandis thou redare be a lorde? A man is nocht a lord -supposs he haue neuer sa mekle of warldly gudis: bot he is a lord that has -seignoury and jurisdictioun vpon other men, to gouerne thame, and hald law -and justice apon thame quhen thai trespass. In the quhilk lordschip thare -is sa mekle nobless, and in seruitude thare is sa mekle subjectioun, -bondage, and thrillage, that grete difference is betuene, and than suld -thare be alsmekle difference in the personis, as thare is difference betuix -the twa estatis: For and a man tak the Ordere of Knychthede, and he be -villaine of his condiciouns, and wykkit of lyf, he dois grete injure to all -his subjectes that he has vnder him in gouernaunce, that ar gude folk and -symple, and mekle seruis punycioun for cruell and wickit lyf that tyrane -lordis ar of, to the peple, makis tham mare worthy to be bondis bound, na -to be lordis of the peple of God, off the quhilkis thai mon [gh]elde a -strayte compt a day, quhilk efferis to the Prince to punys, be the counsale -of thame that gude and worthy Knychtis ar, ffor vnworthy war, that thai war -callit Knychtis, and here the name and the honoure of that hye Ordre that -wyrkis in the contrair, destroyand and vndoand the peple of God, that thai -ar chosin be electioun, and oblist to defend, and for that caus has thair -lordschippis to gouerne the peple of God: ffor nocht anerly the chesing and -electioun to the Ordre, na the noble hors, na armouris, na gouernaunce, na -lordschip, thame thocht nocht anerly, was sufficiand to the worthynes of -that noble and worschipfull Ordre till hald it at honour; bot thai ordanyt -him a Squier, and a varlet Page to be euer contynualy at his bidding and -seruice in all placis thare he war, to tak kepe till him,--the Squiar to -gang with him at his bidding, the Page to kepe his Hors. And ordanyt the -peple to labour the ground, to graith lyfing for the Knychtis and Nobles -that war thair gouernouris and protectouris, and to thair hors and -seruandis; the quhilkis was excusit to nocht laboure, bot to rest thame -euer betuix dedis of armes and actis honourable, at hunting and hauking, -and othir disportis, and to gouerne and kepe passibles the labouraris, and -sauf thame fra fors and wrang, sa that clerkis mycht pesably study in -sciencis, men of kirk vake in Goddis seruice, merchandis in thair -marchandice, and othir craftis wirkand at lordis deuiss. And thus quhen -clerkis studyis in sciencis, how men suld be techit to knawe, lufe, and -serue God, and doubt, and to geue gude ensample of doctrine to the lawit -peple to rycht sa do, for the honour and reuerence of Almychtie God in -deuocioun and gude lyf. Rycht sa apon the tothir part, quhen Knychtis ar -maid be Princis, thai suld sett thame with gude virtues and gude ensamplis -and nobless of curage, and othir wayis gif nede war be force of armes to -manetene, gouerne and defend the small peple in all justice and equitee, in -lufe and drede both of God and of the Prince as is before recomptit, be the -quhilkis thai suld throu lufe haue contynuale charitee amang tham, and be -the drede thai suld stand awe to do oucht ilkane till othir wrang, or -wikkitness; and here atour as the clerkis techis thair scoleris to the -sculis of sciencis of clergy, sa suld a gude Knycht teche his barnis the -nobless of the poyntis and propereteis of chyualrie; and that suld be done -in thair [gh]outhede: And first and formast a Knycht suld lere his sone to -be doctryned in vertues, and syne suld he be doctrinyt and techit to ryding -in his [gh]outhede, or ellis he sall neuer be gude rydare; and ay as he -cummys till elde, that he lere to gouerne hors and armouris; and that he be -seruand to sum lord, and vse him in armes lang or he tak the Ordre, ffor -vnworthy war he suld be a lord or a maister that knew neuer quhat it is to -be a seruand, ffor he may neuer wele tak na knawe the suetenes that it is -to be the lord, bot gif he had sum knaulage of the sourness that it is, and -payne to a gude hert, to be ane vnderlout or a seruand. And tharfore war he -neuer sa grete a lordis sone appertenand to be lord, he war the better that -in [gh]outhede sum lord that he seruit to kerue before him, to serue in -chaumer, till arme a lord, till ouresee his hors, that thai war wele -gouernyt and grathit, to haunt armouris, to ryn a spere, to excercise -wapnis, and othir habiliteis of honour quhilk appertenis to nobless, and -namely, thai suld be techit and doctrinyt be a Knycht thay [gh]ong lordis -sonis that thocht to be knychtis, ffor rycht as it war nocht semand till a -[gh]ong man that wald lere to be a man of craft, suld lere at ane othir -that war nocht of the craft, sa is it vnsemand that lordis sonis that wald -be in the maist noble Ordre of Knychthede suld sett thame to lere the -documents and propereteis of the Ordre of Knychthede, bot at thame that war -expert in the knaulage of virtues and gude thewis honourable that to the -said Ordre apperteins; the quhilkis ar vnknawable till ignoraunt and -vnworthy personis; ffor the grete nobless of the said Ordre may nocht ferd -at keping of hors na justis na tournaymentis, na [gh]it to haunt na duell -with lordis, na knychtis in company, to pas in weris na in bataillis. Bot -it war rycht expedient that thare war deuisit, and ordanyt be the Prince, -scolis of doctrinyng and teching of the noble poyntis and properteis that -efferis to that hye and worthy Ordre till [gh]ong lordis barnis that war -lykly to cum to perfectioun. And that the knawlage thar of ware writtin in -bukis be wys men of knaulage, that knewe and had experience tharof, sa that -ignorant [gh]ong lordis barnis mycht first lere the science be study and -speculacioun, and syne efter thai mycht, quhen thai come eldar, lere the -practik of the Ordre, be conuersacioun, as to pas to diuers justis and -tournaymentis, to diuers realmes, in diuers voyagis and battaillis, sa -mycht thai haue the pratyk with the science; ffor vile thing is, to bere -office or ordre, and nocht to knawe the gouernaunce tharof throu wilfull -ignorance; ffor war nocht the sculis of clergy, mony errouris and -ignorauncis war in the warld mare na thare is. Bot sen thare is na sculis -of cheualrye, quhat maruaill is thouch thare be mony Knychtis vnwytty; ffor -war all Knychtis and clerkis but errour, than wald thai be till all the -laue of the warld a gude myroure, and than suld ilkane drede to do wrangis -and injuris till othir: And sen thir tua thingis gouernis and manetenis all -this warld--the tane the Spiritualitee, the tother the Temporalitee; and -thare is sa mony sculis in sere contreis of sciencis of clergy, and nocht -ane that men wate of the nobil Ordre of Cheualrye, than ar the gouernouris -and manetenouris of the said Ordre, to blame in thair awin proffit and -honour, quhare sa grete nede is, to be sa negligent. - -Quharfor the Autour of this Buke prayis and requeris, and mekely makis -supplicacioun to the Magestee Ryall, and till all the company of the -Nobless and Chyualrye of the Realme, that thai assemble thame togidder, and -mak reformacioun of this grete fault that is maid to the Noble Ordre, and -the grete wrang that is done till it, in the fault of doctrine and teching -of the poyntis and propereteis of Noblesse, etc. - -[Decoration] - -TERTIUM CAPITULUM. - -HOW SEN THE DOCTOURE HAS DECLARIT IN SUM PART THE POYNTIS OF THE ORDRE WITH -THE PROPERETEIS AND CONDICIOUNS,--NOW LYKIS IT HIM TO SPEKE OF THE OFFICE -THAT FOLLOWIS THE SAID ORDRE:-- - -That is to say, to quhat purpos it was ordanyt--to quhat fyne--and quhat -entencioun: And how gif Knychtis vss nocht thair office, thai ar contrarius -to thair Ordre, and to the begynning of thair awin making: ffor the quhilk -caus he is nocht veray Knycht in dede, supposs he bere the name; ffor sik -Knychtis ar mare villayns na is outhir smyth, wrycht, or masoun, that dois -thair craft, as thai ar techit, and tharefor to schaw the poyntis of the -Ordre is grete meryt to thame that wate it nocht: the quhilkis he declaris -here efterwart; and first and formast, Knychthede was ordanyit to manetene -and defend Haly Kirk, and the Faith, for the quhilk God, the Fader of -Hevyn, send his Sone in this warld, to tak in him oure humanitee, fleschly -inumbrit, and incarnate in the glorious Virgyne Mary, his suete moder, be -the joyfull message brocht till hir be the angel Gabriel; and fyne for our -sakis, and to synde vs of the origynale syn, and to geve vs eternale lyf, -tuke dede and passioun here, with grete dispising vilaynous, to geue vs -ensample and informacioun how we suld reule oure lyfing here: Quhilk -ordanyt all writtis for oure teching and doctrine; and all his werkis and -dedis here, he did for oure ensample and enformyng, to multiply his faith. -And thus, rycht as he has chosin to growe and manetene his fayth, the -worthi and wys clerkis to hald scolis, and ilkane to teche othir be the -haly wryttis of prophecies and of lawis aganis the inymyes of the Faith: -Rycht sa the hye glorious God chesit Knychtis to be his campiouns, sa that -the unworthy mystrowaris and rebellouris agaynis his faith mycht be throu -thame chastisit, be force of armes to vencuss and ourecum his inymyes, the -quhilkis every day forss thame at thair powar to put doun the fayth of Haly -Kirk, and thir Knychtis that thus occupyis thame in the defense of his -rychtis ar callit his Knychtis of Honour in this warld, and in the tothir, -that defendis the Haly Kirk and the Cristyn Faith, quhilk is oure saule -hele and salvacioun. And tharefore Knychtis that has faith and baptesme in -him, and usis nocht the vertues and properteis of the faith, ar contrarius -till otheris that kepis the faith, evyn as a man that God hes gevin till -resoun, and discrecioun, and he dois evyn the contrary. Thus he that has -faith, and kepis it nocht, is contrarius till himself, for he wald be sauf, -and gais nocht the hye gate till his salvacioun: ffor quhy, his will -discordis with his witt, and ledis it the way of mystreuth, that is agayne -his salvacioun, and ledis him to the way of eternale dampnacioun; and syk -men takis the office and ordre, mare to be prisit and honourit in this -warld, na for any prouffit that thai think to do to God, na to thair Prince -that gave thame the office. Bot the maist noble officeris and ordres in -this erd ar office and ordre of Clerkis and of Knychtis, and the best lufe -in this erde is ay betuix thame; and tharfore rycht as Clergy was nocht -ordanyt to be agayn the Ordre of Knychthede, bot to honoure it, and thame -that worthily beris it, sa suld Knychtis nocht be aganis the haly ordre and -office of Clergy, to manetene worschip and defend it, aganis the -rebellouris and euill willaris of the Kirk, that are callit Sonis of -Iniquitee, as thai ar oblist in taking of the said Ordre of Knychthede: -ffor a man is nocht anerly oblist to lufe his ordre, bot he is oblist with -that to lufe thame that be othir ordres vnder his awin lord; for to lufe -his ordre, and nocht to lufe the caus that his ordre is ordanyt for; ffor -syk lufe is nocht ordere lyke, ffor God has ordanyt nane ordre vnder him to -be contrair till ane othir; and as to that thare is ordres of religious -that few of thame lufis ane othir, and [gh]it lufis well thair awin ordre; -bot that is nocht the rycht ordre of lufe and charitee, that suld be in -religious: And rycht sa a Knycht suld nocht samekle lufe his awin ordre, -that he myslufe othere ordres, ffor that war aganis God, and gude faith; -ffor the Ordre of Knychthede is sa hye, that quhen a King makis a knycht, -he sulde mak him lord and governour of grete landis and contreis, efter his -worthines, and all Knychtis suld think that there is a Lord and syre aboue -all knychtis, ffor the honour of quham thai ar all made Knychtis for to do -his will, and serue him fyrst, and syne thair temporale lordis. - -Item, the Emperour aw to be Knycht, in significance that he is Lord and -syre of all Knychtis in temporalities: And becaus that the Emperour may -nocht mak na gouerne all Knychtis, thare was ordanyt Kingis, to be -subordinate persons, next efter Emperouris, to gouerne realmes and contreis -the quhilkis suld alssua be knychtis, sa that thai may mak knychtis, ffor -na man may mak knychtis bot he be Knycht before, sauffand the Pape: alssua -all kingis suld have vnder thame Dukkis and Princis, Erllis and Vicountes, -and Vauvassouris and Barouns; and vnder the Barouns Knychtis of a schelde, -the quhilkis suld gouerne thame be the ordynance of the Barouns that ar in -the hyare degree of Knychthede, before namyt: And that gerris he [him] -multiply knychtis in takenyng that na King, bot he may na can gouerne all -the generalitee of Knychtis in erd, ffor thare is nouthir Emperoure, na -King, that can, na may in his regne gouerne all his subditis but help of -his Knychtis: bot the King of Glore can wele allane but othir power, na of -his awin vertu and majestie, can and may gouerne and reugle all this erde, -and all the hevin, at his awin plesaunce, the quhilk is ane anerly God -allane in Trinitee and Vnitee; and tharfor wald he nocht that ony Knycht -allane mycht mak a knycht that suld gouerne all the knychtis of this warld -bot he allane; and tharfore ordanyt he in this warld mony of Knychtis to -be, that his Magestee may the better be knawin, and that Kingis and Princis -suld mak officeris vnder thame of Knychtis. And forthy dois a King or a -Prince grete wrang to the Ordre of Knychthede quhen he makis othir -sereffis, baillies, or prouostis of othir lawlyar men na knychtis; ffor -than ar Kingis and Princis caus of the abusioun of the Ordre of Knychthede, -quhilk was ordanyt for sik caus: ffor that Ordre was ordanyt to be -substitute till Princis and Kingis, apon the gouernement of the peple, as -maist worthy and maist honourable for sik gouernaunce of small peple; and -aboue thame Dukis, Erllis, and Barouns; and aboue thai Kingis and Princis; -and aboue Princis and Kingis allenerlye Emperouris and Papis. And thus suld -the warld be gouvernyt be commoun reugle of gouernance, sauffand Kingis -that ar priuilegit or prescribit in thaire power imperiale: and thus -Knychthede is the hyest temporale Ordre that is in the warld; but nocht the -hiest office: ffor Kingis and Emperouris is nocht Ordre, bot it is office; -be the quhilk office thai precell aboue all othir officis of temporalitee, -as Dukis, Countes, Marquis, Vauvasour, Baroun, and Knychtis; and supposs, -of all officis of honourabilitee, the Knychtis office be the lawast office -of dignitee vnder Imperiale or Ryale magestee, neuertheles the Ordre is -hyest and maist honourable; ffor quhy, that all Emperouris and Kingis aw to -bere that Ordre, or ellis thair dignitee is nocht perfyte, ffor ellis may -thai mak na Knychtis. And be honourabilitee of the Ordre of Knychthede -grete honour is ordanyt be the lawis to do to Knychtis, and be nobless of -honour that is put till him, he suld haue nobless of vertues, and -worthyness in his curage; be the quhilk nobless of curage he suld be less -inclynit till all wikkitness, and all vicis of barat, and trechery, and -othir villain condiciouns, na ony othir persone. - -The office alssua of Knychthede aw to defend his naturale Lord, and -manetene him; ffor a King is bot a man allane but his men; and but tham -thare may na King gouerne, na deffend his peple, na [gh]it nane othir Lord, -ffor thai ar bot synglere persons; and thus, gif ony man be aganis the -Magestee or othir Lordis of the temporalitee, the Knychtis suld help him to -defend and manetene his rychtis. Bot commonly ane euill wikkit Knycht takis -party contrair with a Kingis subditis agayne himself, ffor he wald haue his -Lord put doun, that he mycht haue sum part of the lordschip; bot than -wirkis he agayne his awin ordre, and office that he is ordaynit for; that -is ane, the faith of Jhesu Crist; ane othir, his natural Lord; the third, -the peple in thair richtis: ffor the Knychtis ar adettit to manetene and -defend justice; ffor rycht as a juge has powar be his office to juge and -geue a sentence, rycht sa has he poware to kepe his jugementis fra fors and -fra wrang and violence, in excercisioun and in execucioun of his jugement -and sentence. And becaus that till jugement of caus pertenis wele wisdome -and discrecioun of Clergy to knaw the lawis, it is a noble thing quhen -Knychthede and Clergy is assemblit togedir, sa that Knychtis war clerkis -and wele letterit men, sa that thai war the mare sufficiand to be jugis be -the knaulage of science of lawis, ffor than war thare na man mare worthy na -hable till to be a juge, na a Knycht clerk: ffor bot science of Clergy to -knaw the lawis, thare is na man worthy to bere office of justice. Knychtis -suld be wele ryddin, and in [gh]outhede lere to be wele ryddin, on -destrellis and courseris, till haunte justis and tournaymentis, to hald -Table Round, to hunt and hauk at hert and hynde, daa and raa, bere and -baare, loup and lyoun, and all sik honourable plesauncis, and sa mayntenand -the office and the Ordre of Knychthede worthily: And as all thir -propereteis before said pertenis till a Knycht, as to the habilnes of his -corps, rycht sa is thare othir propereteis pertenand to the saule; as -justice, force, prudence, and temperaunce, charitee and veritee, lautee and -humilitee, faith, esperaunce, subtilitee, agilitee, and with all othir -vertues touchand to wisdome, appertenis till him, as to the saule; and -forthy, when a Knycht has all strenthis and habiliteis that appertenis to -the corps, and has nocht thame that appertenis to the saule, he is nocht -verray Knicht, bot is contrarius to the Ordre, and inymy of Knichthede: -ffor than it war lyke that Knychthede war contrarius to the saule behufe; -the quhilk is fals, ffor the principale caus of the Ordre is to the -manetenaunce of the Cristyn faith, and of all vertues, and inymy to vicis. - -Item, Office of Knychtis is to manetene and gouerne landis and policy, and -to defend thame; ffor the raddour and the drede that the peple has of the -Knychtis, thai byde apon thair craftis and labouragis, and grathis lyfing -for the Lordis, for dout to be vndone, destroyit, and desertit; and thus ar -the Kingis dred for the Knychtis. And thare, sais the Doctour, that a fals -Knycht, that will nocht help to defend his King and his Lord naturale, is -lyke faith bot gude charitable workis, or Knychthede tume and idill bot -office, or heretike aganis the faith. And thus a fals Knycht that is -vntrewe, that dois nocht the bidding of his Prince, and is contrarius till -his biddingis and opyniouns, dois grete wrang to the Knychtis that fechtis -to the dede for justice, and for the faith, and for his Prince, and his -naturale Lord, and is worthy to be punyst vtterly: ffor thare is na Ordre -na office that is maid bot it may be vnmaid, or ellis Goddis mycht war bot -small; and than, sen the Ordre of Knychthede was ordanyt be God Almychty, -and gouernyt and manetenyt be thame that beris the said Ordre, gif thai -that suld gouerne the said Ordre, and manetene it, misgouernys it, and dois -the contraire, the Ordre is lytill behaldyn to thame, ffor thai vndo the -Ordre. And thus the wikkit King vndois nocht anerly the Ordere of -Knychthede in himself, bot alssua he vndois it in his Knychtis quhen he -gerris thame do aganis the Ordre, outhir be euill ensample that he gevis -thame, doand thingis that ar aganis the said Ordre, or be flatery that thai -mak to thair wikkit maister, and fals suggestioun to ger thame be lufit of -him, knawand that he is euill sett and will redily trow euill talis. And -all thus gif it be euill done, to gerr a Knycht be misgouernyt, and -mysfarne throu euill gouernaunce. It is mekle were done to misgouerne mony -Knychtis, as thir wikkit princis dois, that all the charge of the -misgouernaunce of all the Knychtis of his realme is be his default and -negligence, or that thai be sa wikkit in thame self, that thai geve him -vnworthy counsale, to do apon his subjectis extorsiouns, be wikkitness of -tyrannye, or of barate or trechery, tresone to thair naturale lordis, or -vnleautee till his subditis, be force of thair wikkit curage; and than is -syk a Prince mekle to prise and to love, that knawis syk trychouris, and -trompouris and vnworthy traytouris, that beris waste name of Knychthede, -that wald counsale him, and tyce him to forffet and vndo the worthy and -noble Ordre of Knychthede, that he has sa honourably tane, and worthily -hydertillis has manetenyt; mekle honour and worschip is in his curage of -the Prince that sa dois, and mekle suld be lufit with thame that beris the -Ordre worthily, quhen he takis sik vengeaunce of the inymyes of the Ordre, -that throu thair wikkit counsale wald corrumpe his noble curage. - -Item, the Order of Knychthede standis in the corage, and nocht in the -corssage, ffor ellis war the Ordre litill worth; ffor quhy? A lytill -persone may quhilum throu habilitee of corps oure cum a mekle, and tak him, -and enprisone him. Bot a thousand men, suppos thai be neuer sa stark, may -nocht oure cum na vencus a gude Knychtis curage. And thus is the Ordre of -Knychthede mare worthily in the curage na in the corssage, ffor ellis war -nocht that the Knychthede accordit better to the body na to the saule. And -be that, the vnworthy cowartis Knychtis that fleis in bataillis fra thair -lordis ar nocht worthy to be callit Knychtis, na to bere the honour that to -worthy knychtis efferis, ffor thai drede mare the distroublaunce and maless -of thair corssage, na the honoure and worschip of thair curage that -appertenis to the Ordre of Knychthede of rycht. And thus nobless of curage -is better pertenand to Knychtis na is force of corssage, or ellis suerenes -and cowardise in mannis persone suld be of the propereteis of the Ordre. -And hardynes and largess suld be contrarius till it, and that war mekle -vnresone; bot be all gude way of ordere, quhen a gude Knycht is oure sett -with oure grete powar, and lesse has of help and of falouschip to supple -him, in sa mekle suld he haue mare hye curage and mare force of spirit, to -oure cum all his aduersaris; and gif he be oure thrawin, till manetene the -poyntis and propercteis of the worthy Ordre of Knychthede, than has he -optenyt the honour and the loss of the worschipfull reward and meryt of -justice, that deis for the defenss of the rycht, and manetenaunce of the -worschipfull and meritable poyntis of the Ordre, as he that deis for lufe -and leautee, and honoure of the noble Ordre that he was ordanyt to. For the -wise man sais, That Knychthede and hardynesse may neuer langsumly dwell -togider bot wisedome and wise discrecion; ffor quhare na wisdome na -discrecione restis, how suld thare be knaulage of honoure. Na, how suld -that persone discerne betuix honorable and dishonorable act or vndertaking -of worschip, quhare wisdome is away, ffor wisdome will never mare mak fault -till his honoure. And forthy, is it signifyit till all Knychtis of honour, -that a Knycht may neuer be hardy, na haue the vertues that to Knychthede -suld pertene, bot he haue wisedome in him; na thare is na man that may sa -mekle honour do till his Ordre of Knychthede, as to stand to the vtterest -with stark curage for the rycht fermely, and neuer consent to leve his -lord; na his rychtwise actioun to dee tharfore; and treuly that mon be -reuglit with witt and resoun, and nocht be foly na ignoraunce; ffor quhen -foly and ignoraunce is with the Ordere of Knychthede, wit and resone, -knaulage and discrecioun, ar flemyt thairfra; ffor wisedome, resoun, and -discrecioun ar the ledaris and gouernouris of Cheualrye bathe in Knycht, -King, and Emperoure, and but wisedome the Order is peruertit; ffor -inpossible thing it is, that foly and ignoraunce gouerne that worthy Ordre. -And than mon it on nede force be gouernyt be wisedome, and thus is it, that -sen the Ordre is reuglit be witt and wisedome, than suld all gude Knychtis -pres them to be wyse, and sett tharon all thair hert and mynde; the quhilk -makis Knycht sa curageus, that he doubtis nocht the dede, in regarde of -honoure and his rychtwise cause, that he may lufe and honour his Ordre, to -sauf bathe saule and honour, in the contrair of foly and ignoraunce. - -Item, Office of Knychthede is to mantene and defend wedowis, maidenis, -faderles and moderles barnis, and pore miserable persouns and piteable, and -to help the wayke agayne the stark, and the pure agayne the riche; ffor -ofttymes sik folk ar be mare stark na thai pelit and derobbit, and thaire -gudis tane, and put to destructioun and pouertie, for fault of powere and -defence. And becaus all sik dedis is wikkitnes, crueltee, and tyranny, -tharfore is the Ordre of Knychthede ordanyt, as in that poynt amang the -lave, to gaynstand. And gif a Knycht himself be the manetenar or doare of -thir thingis, he is vnworthy to bere the Ordre for his wikkitnes. And rycht -as God has gevin to the Knycht pithe, hardynes, and hye curage, rycht sa -has he gevin him pitee in hert, to haue merci of the pure that gretis on -him; askand help and consort for traist that thai haue in thame of help. -And thus suld a Knycht haue gude sicht to the miserable persouns, gude eris -to here thame, and gude mynde to think on thame, that pitously cryis apon -him for help and confourt. And he that has nocht thir vertues, is nocht -verray Knicht, na suld nocht be comptit as ane of the Ordere of Knychthede. -Alsua, and the office of Knichthede, that sa mekle is lufit and presit and -honourit, war till derub and destroy the pore folk and all sik peaceable -persouns, and till desaue wedowis, that has na defence bot God and the -Office of Knychthede, and till mysgouerne in thair gudis and heritagis, and -dissaue the faderles and moderles barnis, and all thing that war falsate, -barate, wikkitnes and trechery, war poyntis of the said office, and the -office war alsmekle honourit for euill dedis, and wickit lyfing, as it is -now for gude dedis, thare suld ma press to tak the said Ordre and office na -thare dois now; ffor be cause that the Ordre is founded apon lautee, -curtaisy, liberalitee, lufe, and pitee, many of thame that beris the said -Ordre irkis tharof in the warld that now is. - -For the office of Knychthede suld have stark place in gouernaunce, and he -suld be wele horsit, and haue power of men to kepe the contree and the -Kingis wayis, all pilgrymes, trauailouris, merchandis, labouraris, and suld -haue the jurisdictioun of justice in citeis and townis; and quhen nede war, -to assemble the folk for the prouffit of the commountee; and quhen perilis -war apperand in the landis, to byrn mysal housis, and destroye perilous -passagis, ger hag woddis, and byg and mak reparacioun of euill biggit -placis, castellis, and wallit townis and fortressis, and kepe and defend -all gudely persouns; chastyse and punyse all misdoaris and wikkit cruell -persouns; ffor and the contrary of thir gude poyntis war approprit to the -Ordre, than all gude gouernance wald faile, and na man wald be seur; ffor -the office is foundit ay on gude and prouffitable werkis that ar spede full -to the commoun prouffit, and to gaynstand all thame that settis thame for -the distrublaunce of the pore peple, and hyndering of the commoun prouffit, -and to put down euill and wikkit men, and to fauour, nurise, and manetene -gude peple: ffor rycht as the hewing ax is ordanyt to cutt doun treis that -hynderis labouragis of landis, and cartis and chariotis and merchandices to -passe through the forestis, sa is the suerd of Knychthede ordanyt to kutt -away and destroye the wickkit vnworthy wedis and ronnis of thornis of euill -men that lettis labouraris, merchandis, and traualouris to trauale throu -the warld, quhilk is as a forest and wildernes quhen it is not wele redde; -off the quhilk euill men suld be wedit out be Knychtis, keparis of the -lawe, that gude men mycht lyve in lee; and he that is a Knycht, and dois -nocht this, bot dois evyn the contrary, suld be tane be the Prince, or be -othir worthy, faithfull, and honourable Knychtis, and put till dede; ffor -quhen a Knycht is a revare, or a thef, or a traytour or a murtherar, or a -Lollard, scismatike or heretike, or in syk termys opinly knawin and -approuit, than is he vnworthy for to lyve, bot to be punyst in example of -otheris that defoulis that maist noble and worthy Ordre, and abusit it -aganis the poyntis and the propereteis of the Ordre; ffor it war better to -syk a Knycht to [gh]elde him selfe to justice to be punyst, with mortall -punycion, na to lyve in sik misordinate lyf for to vndo himself, and -otheris mony, quhilk lesse euill war that he war vndone allane, and lesse -charge till his saule: ffor gif a knycht or a lord haue all thir forenamyt -vicis in him or any part of thame, and wald punyse otheris, and will nocht -punyse himself, that is nocht the rycht way of justice; ffor gude justice -begynnis at it selfe, and syne at othir men, ffor grete lak is to reproue -and correct otheris in that, that he is foulare smyttit him self; quhilk -gif he will nocht do, othir Knychtis suld do for honoure of thair Ordre, -till hald it euir in honoure and worschip, as wele efferis it to be. And -all Knychtis that fauouris syk cruell dedis, and gerris nocht punyse thame, -thai ar foule in the dede as the doaris of thame; ffor syk men ar nocht -verray Knychtis, bot feigned beris the Ordre, and dois nocht the office; -ffor rycht as a Knycht had a hurt in ane of his handis, that hurt is mare -nere and dere, to the laue of his othir membris, na it is to me or ane -othir man, and erar efferis till him to sett remede tharein. And rycht sa, -gif a Knycht mysgouernis him in syk kynde that he be othir thef, or -traytour, revar, or murderar, it appertenis mare till othir knychtis to -sett thare in remede, na it dois till otheris that ar na knychtis; ffor all -knychtis ar, and suld be as a cors. And thare ffore, knychtis has mare wite -of the mysgouernaunce of othir knychtis na ony othir man has, and mare -dishonoure alssua na men that ar na knychtis; ffor it is thair default, sen -the correctioun efferis to the Order and to the Office; ffor quhy, he is -inymy to the Ordre that sa gouernys: And than suld it wele effere to the -Order to punyse thair inymyes. Quharefore, thou that art a Knycht, and will -correk otheris defaultis, correk thine awin faultis fyrst: ffor a traytour, -thef, or revare Knycht, he is alssua thef, traytour, and revare till his -Order that revis at the worschip and the honoure that appertenis till it, -mare na to reve othir mennis gudis; ffor he that stelis or revis honour fra -ony persone, bringis him hame schame and dishonoure and euill renoune; -quhilkis honoure passis all richess. Quhat difference is thare, to gude -vnderstanding, till a traytour that betraisis his awin Lord naturale, or -his castell, or his wyf, or his douchter, or his eldest sone, or slais his -counsale and murderis thame, or sik dedis dois, in regard of him that euer -was lele and trewe in all thir thingis, and deis for his Lord in bataill -place. And alssua quhen a Knycht defendis ane othir that is false and -traytoure till his Prince or his naturale Lord, and will nocht thole him -cum to justice, nor na punycione to be done apon him, he is were na he that -did the dede: and the Ordre of Knychthede is dishonourit in his persone, -that manetenis, and will nocht bring to justice a false traytour; and -vnworthy war that he had justice in keping. - -Ane othir poynt of the Office of the Knychthede is, to accuse traytouris -aganis his prince, or otheris that it efferis, and till appelle thame of -bataill, and feicht wyth thame: And office of traytour is, to deny his -tresone, and hyde it, and cover it, quhill he may, and eschewe all prufis -tharof; and thus ar the twa curagis wele contrarius togidder, that neuer -curage of traytour mycht ourcum ane noble curage of a trew Knycht; bot gif -it be throw pride or surquidy, that is callit oure presumptuouse in -himself: the quhilk God tholes quhilom be punyst in bataill place. Bot the -curage of a lele Knycht, that for a lele cause debatis, may nocht be oure -cummyn, bot gif it be for sum syn agaynis the Ordre of Knychthede: ffor gif -a Knycht wald reve fra the small peple the gude that God has gevin thame, -and geve it till otheris that he aw nocht to, that war agayne the Office of -Knychthede, to tak fra laware na himself outhir moble gudis or -possessiouns, and hald it as heretage till him, nocht gevand, na restorand -agayn; he may be lyknyt to the wolf that the lord gave the schepe to kepe -to, as till a familyar faa; or he may be lyknyt till a fule lorde that left -his faire wyf in keping till a [gh]ong traytour knycht; or he that left his -stark castell and his gudis till a bitter cuvatous knycht, vntrew knycht; -and thus is he mekle to wyte that gevis his castell, or his wyf, or his -schepe, in syk gouernaunce; or how ane othir suld traist his gouernaunce in -him that gouernis nocht wele himself? ffor thir ar thingis that men suld -nocht put in misgouernaunce of fule men, his faire wyf, his castell, and -his moble gudis; ffor commonly syk men that begylis thair lordis may neuer -be reformyt na redressit till lautee, na till honour of Knychthede. - -Item, Ane othir poynt of the Office of Knychthede is, to hald his armouris -cleine and faire, and wele at poynt, and to se wele to the gouernaunce of -his horse, and nocht to play thame at playes of dice, and of tabilles, and -othir licht playis, quhilkis ar nocht contenyt in the poyntis of the Ordre: -ffor it is forbedyn in the lawis to mak ony ath contrary to the Ordre of -Knychthede, na to the Office; and he that puttis doune the principale -thingis quhare with the Ordre and Office is haldyn at honoure and worschip, -throw lycht playes or uthir wayis, he honouris nocht wele his Ordre; ffor -Knycht in weris, but horse and harnais, is lytill presit; and sen it is sa, -that God and man acordit in the poyntis of the Ordre of Knychthede that na -false aythis suld be tharein, na in thame that gouernis the said Ordre, -suld than nane be. - -Item, Lordis na Knychtis suld nocht brek the ath of mariage throw -misordynate lechery, ffor that is a poynt that discordis with the poyntis -of the Ordre; ffor thare is thre gree of chastitee, the quhilkis all -honourable persouns ar behaldin till, that is, ane in mariage, ane in -wedowhede, and ane in maidynhede that is callit virginitee; of quhilk the -Haly Writt biddis thame that may nocht lyve chaste, mary thame, and syne -kepe thair maryage; ffor gif thai do nocht, and thai brek mariage, that -brekis thair aithe to godwart, the quhilk is agayn the Ordre and Office of -Knychthede; ffor chastitee is vertu, and misordanyt lechery is vice: And -thus sen all vertu folowis the Ordre, and all vice discordis with it, it -syttis wele that princis, lordis, and knychtis kepe honour in that poynt, -and namely, nocht to forffet to thair mariage. - -Item, Justice and Knychthede acordis togeder, and justice and mariage, -bresing and othir disordinate lechery discordis with justice; and thus -Knychthede and disordanyt lechery discordis, as apperis be the lawis of -Haly Kirk, quhilkis efferis prelatis to correct: And thus gif a prince, or -a lord, or a knycht brekis mariage, he is mare to blame na ony of lawer -degree; ffor the hyar degree the gretter fault, and mare to be punyst in -all excessis of vertu. - -Item, Ane othir poynt of Knychthede is, that a Knycht suld be meke and full -of clemence, and nocht prydy, na presumptuouse, na orguillouse; ffor oft -tymes of pryde and orguille and presumpcione cummys injure and discensione; -ffor orguille is contrary to justice, and inymy to concord; and tharfore, -thare suld na Knycht be hautayn, na feir, na prydefull, na presumptuouse, -bot euer with mekenes, and clemence, and humilitee, be symple as a may -amang peple, and in his inymyes presence be as lyone rampand; ffor quhat -ever he be, that be full of pryde and presumptuousnes, amang vertuous men -is repute nocht, for thai ar contrarius to pes and concorde, and pes and -concorde ar contrarius to justice. And sa is pride aganis the poyntis of -the Ordre. And humilitee is the rute of the stedefastnes of Knychthede; -ffor schortly to say, Knychthede acordis till all vertu and justice, and -all thingis that ar contrariouse to virtu and justice ar contrariouse to -the Ordere and Office of Knychthede: ffor Knychthede suld defend all -injuris and wrangis, all pilleries, wrang, weris, and tribulaciouns, and -suld hald the peple in all justice, equitee, veritee, and lautee, pes and -debonairetee, and outsched the wikkit fra the gude peple pesable; quhilkis, -gif thai do nocht, bot dois the contrarye in thair governaunce, thai ar -contrarius to thair Ordere, and worthy to be punyst. Bot thare is nane that -all knawis, na all may punyse, bot the Emperoure, the quhilk ordanyt -Knychthede spirituale, to kepe justice, ordinare, be reugle vertuouse, in -pes and concorde, and justice rigorouse, that is, the Ordre of Knychthede, -quhilk suld on force compell euill men, and of wikkit lyf, to desist and -cesse fra thair wikkitnesse, and punyse thame tharfore: And thus is thare -Knychtis of pes and concorde amorouse, and be reugle of justice, to mak gud -reugle and gracious concorde and gouernaunce in the peple; and alssua -Knychtis of the justice rigorouse, ordanyt to compelle be fors of armes all -tyrannis, traytouris, and all othir mysdoaris, and cruell tormentouris of -the haly labouraris, kirk men, merchandis, and traualouris, to cesse and -desist fra thair wikkitnesse. The quhilkis Knychtis suld be full of -vertues, and gude lyf, to geue otheris ensample. - -[Decoration] - -QUARTUM CAPITULUM. - -HERE SPEKIS THE DOCTOURE OF THE EXAMINACIOUN OF THE SQUYER, WHILK SULD -ENTER IN THE ORDER NEWLY OF KNYCHTHEDE. - -Sayand, That he suld be first examynyt be ane alde Knycht that knewe and -lufit wele the said Order atoure all thing, next to God: ffor thare is mony -Princis that rekkis nocht quhat maner of condicioune na of lyf his Knichtis -be, sa that he haue grete nomber of Knychtis in his company. Bot it suld -nocht be sa: ffor Knychthede takis na hede to multitude bot to noblesse of -cheualrye, and of curage, and of gude thewis, that we haue before spokyn -of; and tharefore, gif he that is examynour lufys better multitude, na -noblesse of curage and of vertu, he is nocht worthy to be examynoure of -Squyeris, bot suld be reprovit and punyst be the Prince of Knychthede, of -his defoulyng of the Order of Knychthede: and first and foremast it suld be -sperit, Gif he trowis, lufis, and doubtis God? but quhilk poynt is na man -worthy till nane order of Noblesse. Item, Gif he dredis the defaultis to -do, that dishonouris the Order? and thus Squier, but lufe and but drede to -do mys, is unworthy to the Ordre. And gif he takis it agayne thir -propereteis and condiciouns, he wenis he takis honour till him, bot he -takis dishonour; ffor a Squyer but noblesse is nocht worthy to sa hye -honour, as to the worthy honour of Knychthede; na [gh]it in the weris of -his prince or otheris, but horse, armouris, and sik men, ar nocht habil to -wyn honour in armes, ffor men may nocht mare cruelly destroye the noble -Order of Knychthede, na till haue ane vnworthy examynoure of the Squier -that suld enter in the said Ordre; ffor gif he admytt to the Ordre a man of -vnworthy curage, that is destructione of the Ordre; and suld a Squier -examyne himself first, and think on the mony noble propereteis and -condiciouns of the Ordre, to think in him self gif he war worthy, or he put -him to the examnacioune. Rycht as Scholaris examynit to be Prestis or greid -in scholis, suld nocht sett thame thar fore, bot thai fand thame worthy -tharfore, ffor dout thai war repellit, or ellis defoulit thair greis; rycht -sa suld Bachelere Squieris in the examinacioune of the Order of Knychthede, -ffor he suld nocht alssua ask the Ordre that he wald eftir deffoule be his -euill thewis. And alssua Lordis that ar sa informyt, that thai will mak sik -men Knychtis, thai do aganis the poyntis of the Ordre, and chargis thair -consciences; ffor men knawis nocht noblesse of curage in fair wordis, bot -in worthy werkis: Na nocht in faire clething, ffor oft tymes vnder a faire -habyte may be a full false hert, full of barate, trechery, and traysoune; -na he takis him nocht be his faire harnais, na his faire horse, na othir -faire habilliamentis; ffor oft tymes vnder syk faire habilliament ar nocht -the best men of armes, and worthiast in vertues. Quharfore, gif thou will -wale worthyast and maist noble man of curage, thou seke him be thir -takenis, that is, for to say, justice, and temperance, force and prudence, -ffayth, esperaunce that is gude hope, and cheritee, and leautee; and be -thir takenis, thou sall knawe the nobless of curage; be the quhilkis -vertues, the noble hert defendis it fra the inymyes of Knychthede; quhilkis -ar falsehede, trechery, traysone, thift and murder, and syk lyke thingis. - -Item, Our [gh]ong men suld nocht be maid Knychtis, bot gif thai had gude -tutouris and curatouris, for dout of misgouernaunce of the Ordre for fault -of knaulage; ffor quhen a childe is made Knycht, he thinkis nocht on the -poyntis of the Ordre that he sueris to kepe. And gif the Squiere that is -ressauit be the examynouris to be Knycht and admyttit, be a rekles man and -a wikkit, and of vile condiciouns, he dois grete wrang to the Ordre that he -beris, and till himself too; ffor and he be vencust in barrier, or he be -cowart or full of wikkit vicis, as fleand fra battaillis, revand or -steland, he sall neuer haue honour na prouffit of his Ordre: ffor rycht as -it honouris the honourable, it dishonouris the dishonourable. Bot of all -thing, a Knycht suld kepe him in all vertu to hald the mydwart, for ay the -mydwart is vertu, sa is the extremitee vice; and thus a Knycht suld be of -resonable gude age, that he knaw the propereteis and poyntis that he aw -till haue, that he nouthir excede, na be our lache in his dede. - -Item, It suld be sperit at him, Quhat is the cause that he takis the Ordre -for? quhethir for fairnes of corssage; or for hardinesse of curage; or for -richesse, that he may be proudly cled; or for pryde, that he may take mare -state na his falowis that now is; or for that he is wele horsit and -enarmyt; or for to be a myrour in his lignie, that nane is sa worthy as he -to be Knycht. - -Item, Men may mak Knychtis of pure mennis sonis, and thai haue gude, evin -in frendschip of lordschip; and with that, that thai haue the vertues -foresaid. Bot and a Knycht or a Lord mak ane vnworthy creature Knycht, he -puttis his honour in dangere, that disprisis and dishonouris the Noble -Ordre of Knychthede, and makis his awin honour mare law na it was; for the -fylth and the wrechit vnhonestee, that he has lychtlyit the said Ordre. For -be rycht resone of worthynesse and noblesse of the Ordre, thare may nocht, -na suld nocht na villaine curage cum be gude, evin to the said Ordre; ffor -that war be gude resone vndoyng of the said Noble Ordre, that is ordanyt -bot for noblesse and gentillesse of curage and gude vertues, as foresaid -is, and gude thewis: For hye parage and ancien honour ar the first poyntis -of the rute of Knychthede, that is cummyn fra alde ancestry, and syne -worthy persouns with worschipfull condiciouns and propereteis, personale of -the Knycht him self, makis mariage betuix worschipfull vertues in hye -parage and Knychthede, quhilk aw nocht to lycht bot in noblesse; and -tharfore, and a Lord marry nocht hye parage and Knychthede togeder, he is -contrarius to Noblesse and to Knychthede, and to Knychthede bathe. Bot a -Lord may put of his powere forssably agayn the noble lordis and Knychtis -willis, a man in the Ordre that is nocht worthy: Bot he may nocht vndo that -he has done, ffor suppose that he haue power to mak a Knycht, he has na -power to vnmak him, sa mekle is the vertue of Knychthede; ffor na man but -grete cause, and Juge with princis powar, may tak honour away quhare it is -anys gevin. Than be resone, it aucht nocht to be that Prince nor Knycht mak -na Knycht of ane unworthy persone, na of villaine lignage. ffor wald men -understand that alsmekle is nature honourit, as for corporale nature, in -tree and beste as in man; bot as for nature spirituale, man is mare -honourde. Bot be the noblesse of the spiritualitee of the saule resounable, -that accordis with angelis of hevin, thare is grete difference; and sen -noblesse of curage suld be in all Knycht, it may stand that a man of a new -sprongyn lygnye, that be honourable and worthy in all gentrise, mycht be -convenable and worthy to the Ordre, sa that the vertues condiciouns and -propereteis of noblesse of curage acord ther till. Bot this opynione is -vntrewe and vnworthy, ffor and that mycht be, it war mare lyke that the -Ordour of Knychthede suld better or alswele accorde to the propereteis -corporalis, and personalis, as spiritualis: the quhilk is false, ffor -Knycht gaynis nocht bot for hye parage and noblesse, with the seven vertues -before namyt be the Doctour, as Force, Prudence, Justice, and Temperance, -with Faith, Gude Hope, and Charitee, with leautee that efferis to -Knychthede. - -Item, The examynour suld spere of the Squieris condiciounis, and maneris, -and gude vertues, and thewis, amang the peple; and quhat documentis and -techingis thai ar of; ffor the fault of gude documentis and techingis -gerris vnworthy men be reboytit and repellit fra the examinacione of the -inquisitouris, that thai cum nocht to that Noble Ordre: ffor worthy -examynouris will admytt nane, bot worthy: ffor grete foly war to put in the -Ordre thame that efterwart suld be repellit for their misgouernaunce; And -forthy suld the Knycht, that is the inquissitour, seke wele the poyntis of -noblesse and of valour, and of the vertuouse propereteis and gude thewis of -the Squyer that suld be Knycht; and quhy, and for quhat cause, he will tak -the Ordre; and quhethir it be for meritable cause till implye him for the -Haly Kirk, the Cristyn faith, and for the commone prouffit, for the peace, -and for all peceable persouns; or he takis the Ordre for pryde or couatise, -or for to be honourit, or for vane glore, or to wyn richesse thareby, -quhilk, gif he may persaue that his entencione cummys of ane vnworthy -cause, admytt him neuer: ffor rycht as Homycide, Symony, Usure, and -Scismatyke condicioune, repellis Clerkis fra benefice and honoure, and all -dignitee; in lyke cas suld thir faultis before namyt repelle a Squyere fra -the noble Ordre of Knychthede, that suld haue nane affinitee bot till -noblesse of corage, as said is; ffor and men wald wele knaw and consider -the grete chargis and dewiteis that folowis the said Ordre, with saule -perile, and worschip oft in were, thay sald stand grete aw to tak that -noble Ordre, mare na to be outhir monk, or frere, or othir religiouse of -the hardest Ordre that is; ffor traistis wele, that grete honour beris ay -grete charge, and gretter disese it is, to fall fra grete honoure agayne -that anys a man has bene at, na euir it was joy, to be thareat: _Quia non -est tanti gaudii excelsa tenere, quanti est meroris de excelso cadere_. And -tharfore Knycht suld mare dout honour na dede, and schamefulnes suld mare -chastise a worthy Knycht, and geve him a hardar passione; and it suld -happin him, na suld outhir hunger or thrist, or hete or calde, or ony -disese that he mycht haue; and namely, grete princis and lordis sonis suld -think grete schame to wyn ane euill name for lak of thair condiciouns in -thair [gh]outhede, gif thai thocht euer to cum to the worthy and -worschipful Ordre of noblesse that Knychthede is callit; ffor thai may wele -traist that the name that thai wyn in thair [gh]ong age remaynis with thame -for euermare: And than is it grete auenture, and euer thai be worthy to -ressaue that Ordre, quhen the examynouris knawis thair condiciounis; and -tharfore, all syk perilis suld be schawin to the Squier or he sett him to -cum to the examynyng. Cheualry may nocht be vp haldyn but grete costis, and -als expensis on horse, harnais, mete, and men, and othir necessair thingis -that till it appertenis; and tharfore, thare suld na man, supposs he war -worthy, desyre to tak the Ordre bot he war a lorde, or that he had lord to -mynister him all his necessiteis, and hald his honour abufe in tyme of -weris; ffor ellis, in default of horse, harnais, and othir necessiteis, -euill sett Knychtis, quhen thai wantt, assemblis syk euill men as thame -selff, and gerris mony ruggaris and revaris, and othir wikkit men, destroy -the commouns, and distrouble the realme, and makis mekle wrang to be done -in thaire default. - -Item, Men countrefait in thair persone, na oure grete growin men, na men -oure fat, or that has euill disposicione, or euill sekenes in thair body; -ffor it war lak to the makare to mak men Knychtis that war nocht hable till -armes, and to do vailliaunce in tyme of weris; ffor the nobilnesse of the -Ordre is sa worschipfull, that it sufferis na man that has mahaigne, na -demembrit, na othir wayis manket in corssage, visage, na membris--be he -neuer sa riche--to be admyttit to the said maist noble Ordre, the quhilk -excludis vttraly all ignobilitee and vilitee. - -Item, The inquisitoure examynour suld mak inquest at the Squyar gif euer he -did ony grete excessiue syn, as tresoune, or scisme, sorcery, or -wichecraft, or grete murderis, or syk lyke thingis; the quhilk, suppose he -prise thame lytill, may lett him to ressaue the noble Ordre, in company to -be falowe to the worthy Cheualrye: na [gh]it na vane glorius Squyare suld -be na Knycht, ffor vane glore tynis the meritis of all gude vertues. Na he -suld nocht be a gabusoure, na a flaitour Squyare, that suld enter in the -said Ordre; na [gh]it hautane, na fiere in pride, na orguillouse Squyere -suld nocht enter in Knychthede; and namely outrageus in word, and -sclanderouse bakbytare, suld nocht enter in the Ordre; na commone leare, na -commone viciouse hurdomare hasartour, commoune tauernouris full of sleuthe, -barganouris, commouns glotouns, kid and knawin for syk, dronkynsum, -manesuorne, and all outrageus commoun vicius men, ar nocht to be ressauit -to the Ordre of Knychthede, bot suld be repellit be the examynouris of the -Ordre: And thus sald nane be ressauit to the Ordre bot nobles of parage, -vertuouse, honest, and of worthy curage; and in all this suld Squyer be -inquerit, or he be Knycht. - -[Decoration] - -QUINTUM CAPITULUM. - -HERE DECLARIS THE DOCTOUR IN QUHAT FASSONE AND MANER SULD A SQUYER THAT -WALD BE KNYCHT, RESSAUE THE ORDRE OF KNYCHTHEDE. - -And as to that, the Squyer quhen he is examynyt and admyttit, he suld -schriue him clene of all synnys and defautis that he may think on, that -euer he maid aganis God, and his Magestee; and tak his Sacrament, sayand -"In the name of thee, and in entencione to serue thee, and honour thee, My -Souerane Lord God, and thy dere moder Mary, and all thy haly Sanctis of -Paradise, I tak this day this worthy Ordre." And this suld be done be -prince or lord in a grete feste, as Zule, Pasche, or Witsonday, or All -Halowmesse, ffor the mare honourable assemble is maid thay dayes na in -otheris: And than suld the Squyere fast the Fest evin, and wake all that -nycht in prayeris of grace asking, and otheris als suld pray for him, to -geve him grace, worthily to ressaue and kepe, and worthily gouerne the said -Ordre, at the plesaunce of God, and the haly Court of Hevin: And on the day -before, he suld pas to the Kirk, in his best array as efferis and custum of -the countree is, thair to be in prayeris, and to here a preching, or a -proposicione langand the said mater; na he suld nouthir here na speke -viciouse speche, na trompouris, na janglouris, for that is lak to the -Ordre: And on the morne eftir, quhen he is arayed in habyte of Knychtis -wede, thare mon be grathit a solempne Messe with note, and in the tyme of -the Offeratore, he sal cum before the altare and offer: And syne sall he -mak ane athe to the Ordre till honoure it eftir his powere, in the honour -of Almychtj God, Prince of all Chevalrye; and thare in present place, suld -thare be maid a faire sermone, declarand the poyntis of the Christyn faith, -acordand thame togeder with the poyntis of the Ordre of Knychthede. To the -quhilkis poyntis of acordans the Squyre suld take gude tent, and knaw thame -all, and hald thame prentit in his hert percure, with all the Vij. -sacramentis, the X. Commandmentis, the Xij. articles of the treuth, and to -kepe him fra the Vij. dedely [synnis]. To all the quhilkis poyntis of the -faith, to kepe and honoure and fulfill at his powere, incontynent that he -haue tane the said Ordre at the honoure and reuerence of God, and thareto -suld mak his speciale prayeris for all, the tyme of the Messe: And fra -thyne furth for all his lyf dais. And quhen the preching is done, than sall -cum furth the Prince or Lord that suld mak him Knycht; the quhilk aw of -dett to be Knycht or he mak ony Knychtis: rycht as nane may mak Preste bot -he be Preste, sa may nane mak Knycht bot first he be maid Knycht, saiffand -the Pape: ffor how may he geve that he has nocht? ffor herbes and bestis -may geve thair nature ilkane till othir, to mak thair nature perpetuall; -bot sa may nocht Knychtis be maid, bot first the makare be possessit of his -gift, and of his Ordre: ffor gif ony lord wald geve the Ordre and nocht -haue it, or vnworthily geve it othir wayis na the Ordre requeiris, he dois -grete dishonour to the Ordre. And thai that takis the said Ordre of thame -that has na powere vnworthily, thai haue na grace in the Ordre to do wele, -na prouffit to thame na otheris; and thus is the Squyere begylit, and -dissauit of his Ordre, and all Cheualrye sclanderit. And than suld the -Squier hald vp his handis to the hevyn, and his eyne to the hicht, and his -hert to God, syttand on his kneis, and thare suld the Prince haue the Suerd -redy of Honour, gylt with gold, and belt it about his sydis, in takenyng of -Chastitee, Justice, and Cheritee, and thare the Knycht suld outhir geve him -a strake with his hand, or with a drawin suerd, in the nek, to think on the -poyntis and defend his dewiteis. And syne suld he outhir kys him in the -mouth, or ellis kys the croce of the suerd, and geve it him, and ger him -kis it agayne, and sa put it in the scalbourd, and bid him think on his -athe, ande charge that he has vndertane, and the honour that he suld -manetene. And efter that all the seruice of God be done, the new maid -Knycht suld ryde on ane coursere out throw the citee, or toune, and schaw -him to the peple, sa that thai may knaw him for a Knycht, defendour of Haly -Kirk and commone prouffit, and halder of lawe and justice, and mayntenour -of the peple, that quhasa has ado thai suld draw till him for help; and -that he suld haue mare raddour and drede to do mys, or oucht that suld be -agayne the lawe euer mare in tyme to cum, and to saif the honour and the -worschip of his noble Ordre; ffor raddour, drede, and schamefulnes is hye -grace till all persouns that has honour to kepe. And in that day suld thare -be grete festyng, justyng, and tournaymentis, with other actis, as lissis -and behurdis, geue grete giftis, and mak grete solempnitee in the honoure -of God and the grete feste, and that Herauldis and Kingis of Armes and -Menstralis war rewardit. And than suld the Prince rewarde the new Knycht -with landis, lordschippis, or othir worthy giftis and gouernementis, till -eke his estate and help to manetene the honoure of the Ordre. And thus suld -giftis be gevin bathe till him, and be him till otheris; ffor the Ordre -requeris giftis to be gevin in daly placis; for honoure and worschip of -lordis of estate may nocht be kepit, bot quhare giftis ar gevin, and noble -actis of honour excersit: ffor quhare honoure is nocht kepit, ordere gais -bakwart. - -[Decoration] - -SEXTUM CAPITULUM. - -HERE SPEKIS THE DOCTOURE OF THE SIGNIFICATIOUNE OF THE ARMES OF THE ORDER -OF KNYCHTHEDE. - -Now declaris the Doctour, that as the Preste quhilk in the Mess sayand has -syndry habitis and habilliamentis, quhilkis ilkane has a syndry -significacione, as is acordand to thair office and order, and that office -of Preste and office of Knycht has sa grete affinitee and alliaunce -togeder; ffor quhy? that rycht as office of Preste has certane thingis that -pertenis to the Ordre; and ilkane has a certane significacione, sa has the -Ordre of Knychthede: ffor ilk thing pertenand till his Order has a certane -significacioune, be the quhilkis is signifyit the noblesse of the Order of -Knychthede. - -And first and formast, Thare is to the Knycht gevin a Suerd with a crossit -hilt, that signifyis that rycht as our Lord Jhesu Crist vencust in the -Croce the inymy of mannis lygnage, to the quhilk he was dempt throu the syn -of Adam, oure first fader, that rycht sa suld a Knycht vencuse the fais of -the Croce throu the suerd; ffor the suerd is ordanyt to do justice with; -and tharefore is it maid with twa egeis, in takenyng that he suld manetene -and defend bathe Temporalitee and Spiritualitee with the double scherand -suerd. - -Item, To the Knycht is gevin a Spere quhilk is evin, and betakenis -rychtwisenesse and veritee; ffor as the spere is evin, and rycht sa suld he -be bathe evynlyk and rychtwise, and manetene and defend lautee and equitee, -in contrary of falshede and trecherye; and the scharp hard stelin poynt of -the spere hede betakenis, that suppose falsehede be neuer sa wele armyt, -[gh]it will lautee pas throu him, and vencuse him. And be the pennone on -the spere end, it schawis that veritee hydis him nocht, bot schawis him to -falsehede, sayand ay, quhen it movis, Lo me here Veritee, that has na drede -of falsehede, na trecherye; and Veritee is the foundement of esperaunce -that is gude hope, and of all othir thingis that ar signifyit be the spere. - -Item, Chapellat of stele alssua is gevin to the Knycht, in takenyng of -drede of schame and repruf; ffor a Knycht suld be schamefull as a maydin -dredand repruf: ffor Knycht or woman, but drede of schame, may nocht kepe -honour langsumly, na be obedient to thair ordre: ffor rycht, as drede and -schamefulnes, gerris a persone cast doune the hede, and luke to the erde, -sa dois the stelin hat the Knycht cast doune his eyne; and rycht as the -stelyn hat kepis the knychtis hede, quhilk is the hyast membre, and maist -principale of his persone, sa kepis drede of schame the Knychtis honour, -that is the hyast poynt of his ordre, and maist principale poynt of all. -The quhilk drede of schame suld haue in it fyve wittis to kepe, that throu -nane of thai suld dishonour cum, and that the noblesse of his curage suld -defend thai fyve wittis, that neuer throu thame euill na wikkitnesse cum. - -Item, Haubergeone is gevin to the Knycht, in takenyng of castell, to kepe -him fra his inymyes, that is, euill vicis; ffor rycht as a castell is -wallit all about with stanis togedir junyt, to kepe Knycht fra his fais, -rycht sa is the haubert to kepe him rycht sa fra his fais that ar vicis and -defaultis, till his maist noble Ordre of Knychthede, the quhilk is maid of -mony syndry pecis as of maillis. - -Item, Leg-harnais is gevin the Knycht, that his leggis and fete were seker -to passe in the wayes and stretis, and kepe thame, that na robbouris, na -thevis, na murderaris, vmbesett the wayes to reve na strouble lele -merchandis, na labouraris, men of kirk, na pilgrimys, that passis in the -contree for the commone prouffit of the Realme: And in sik keping he suld -be garnyst in his armouris and his wapnis, that he mycht do scathe and tak -nane. - -Item, Thare is gevin him Maisse, that is to say Pollax, in takenyng that he -is officere ryale; and that gif ony man disobeyis till his wand, that he -lay that maisse on thame to hald the Kingis rychtis on fut. - -Alssua, Spuris ar gevin him, in signifiaunce that rycht as spuris spedis -the horse to ryn fast, and besy in tyme of nede, quhen his inymyes cummys -nere, rycht sa suld Knycht in tyme of nede be besy quhen the King or his -Contree is ouresett with lourdanis and revaris or traytouris or other -wikkit misdoaris, sa that he slepe nocht his time, bot be besy and diligent -in the commone prouffit. Of the suerd we haue spoken of before, in quhat -takenyng and significacioune it is gevin. - -Item, The quhip is gevyn to the Knycht in his hand, quhen he is on horse, -to that significacione, that he suld stand aw and be obedient till his -Lord; ffor disobeisaunce vndois the Knycht and brekis his Ordre, that all -his ofspring will forthink: as for the inobedience of Adam, all his -ofspring was punyst. - -Item, Gorgelin is gevin him, in takenyng that thare suld nouthir enter na -isse throu his gorge thing that suld be villanie, na lak thing to the -honour of the Ordre; as to be at bidding of his lord, but disobeysaunce, -and but murmur do his lordis commandementis; and nouther do, na consent, to -tresone or guille, barate, na trechery, vnleautee, na othir vice, that may -cum throu word na thocht be the gorge outwart; na excesse of glutony, -drunkynnesse, na othir mystemperaunce throu the gorge inwart. And thus the -gorgelyn suld kepe the Knychtis gorge. - -Item, Masse is gevin him, that betakenis strenth and force of curage, the -quhilk masse is lyknyt till a false sterap, quhilk strykis on all sydis, -apon all kynde of harnais; sa dois force of curage, it strykis on all -sydis, and defendis the honour of Knichthede agayne all vicis, and enforcis -vertues. - -Item, Thare is gevin to the Knycht his lytill schort Suerd, that sum callis -Misericorde, in signifyand that quhen he has implyde his spere, his lang -suerde, his polax, his false sterap, and his falow be sa nere him that he -may nocht help himself with nane of thay, than it is gude at schort -strakis; and it is callit outher Schort Suerd or Misericord; ffor cause -that a Knycht suld nocht all traist in his armoure na wapnis, bot in his -awin vertu, and in him that maid him, and in his mercj; and traist that -throu his help, quhen all wapnis are faillit, that he sall saue his honour -and bring him fra the perile of dede and dishonour. - -Item, Schelde or targe is gevin to the Knycht in signifiaunce that as -office of schelde is to be the targe betuix the Knycht and the strakis, sa -suld the Knycht be betuix the Prince or his Lorde and the strakis; as the -schelde ressauis the strakis before the Knycht, sa suld the Knycht before -his lorde, kepe strakis fra him. And as schelde is couplit to the Knychtis -brest, thare his hert is, sa suld the Knycht be till his lord bound in -lautee as till his awin hert, and is a myd moyen betuix him and his peple. - -Gloues of plate ar gevyn to the Knycht in takenyng, that as thai kepe his -handis fra strakis and woundis and manglyng, throu the quhilkis the body -mycht be tynt, sa suld he kepe his handis, that he give na faith, na athe, -na mak nane condicioune na obligacioune agayn his Lord, ffor than war he -vndone; and as Knycht liftis his wapnis mare seurely and traistly, that his -handis ar enarmyt, sa suld he list mare seurely to God Almichtj, that he be -enarmyt, that his handis wirk na misgouernaunce in taking of wrangwise -gudis; na strykyng of vnlefull personis; na making of vnlefull condiciouns, -and vnlefull touchingis; na put his handis in vnlefull placis. - -The Sadill that he rydis in, betakenis sekernes, that he be nocht lychtly -put by his purpose, sa kepis the sadill him, that he be nocht lichtly put -fra his hors; ffor quhen he war doune strykyn than war his honour lawe. And -rycht as he is ferme and seker in his sete, sa suld he be ferme and seker -in his curage, in justice, lautee, noblesse, veritee, and charitee; ffor -throw seuretee of a gude hardy knycht mony gude dedis ar done, throu gude -hardy men of armes, and mony cowartis ar declarit, quhen hardy men ar -approuit, vantouris and vayn glorious men, that dar nocht be sene quhare -the hardy and worthy knychtis apperis in worthynes in bataill place, and -thare fortune enforsis hardynesse. And as the sadill, with the grathe that -langis it, haldis him ferme, that he movis nocht for na strake of spere of -inymy, sa suld forse of curage kepe him, that he move neuer again gude -faith na resone, and bow nocht with vice agayn vertu. And as the hors beris -grete charge of the armyt Knycht, and sadill and harnais, sa beris the -Knycht, be vertu of his Ordre, grete charge, the quhilk he suld nocht -lychtly be movit fra. And as he is sett apon a hie sadill, aboue a hye -coursour, sa suld his curage be hye to defend the rycht, and manetene the -poyntis of his maist hye and noble temporale Ordre. - -And tharfore is Courser gevin him or Destrere, to betakyn noblesse and -hicht of curage, that Knycht suld haue aboue all othir peple, sen he has -bathe maist hye and noble order, and syne maist noble habilliament of -armoure, and syne maist hye and noble hors; sa sulde he haue maist hye and -noble curage, with force to passe all otheris in vailliaunce of armes and -honoure, and to be sene aboue all his men, and mare fere of, sa that men -that had nede of his help suld se him of fere, to draw till him for help. - -Item, his Coursere or destryere has Bridill gevin till him, with irne bytt -in the mouth, and reynis in the Knychtis hand, sa that the Knycht may -refreyne the hors, that he pas nocht away with him. And that iryn bitt in -mouth betakenis, that he suld refren[gh]e his mouth fra bathe euill -viciouse speche and euill thouchtis. And be the reynis is betakenit, that -he suld hald his handis undefoulit, or fylit with oure vilaynouse dedis, or -that he be oure large to geve till othir that he haue nede him self, and -that he be nocht sa lycht of striking with his handis that thare be na -discrecione in his dedis, and that be thai reynis he suld be led with pure -folk that war nede bestad of help, quhare thane nedis war to trauaile to -help thame; and that he war nocht oure narow na nedy that he had lak -tharethrou, nocht to spare his gude and spend his honour; and that he be of -handis hardy to defend him fra his fa; and doubte na thing, ffor oure grete -doubte makkis Knychtis to haue lathe curage. - -Item, The Horse-Hede is bundyn with ane hede-stell of the bridill, in that -kynde that he suld do na thing, but be ordynaunce of the Knycht, that -efferis till course of armes: and bot be resone; and the hede of the horse -gais before, and is bundyn to do resoune, sa suld the resone ga before all -dede of armes, and other actis honourable that he dois. And as his -hede-stele byndis his hede to resone, sa dois resone the Knycht, and kepis -his worschip. Alsua, the Knychtis hors is enournyt with harnais before and -behynd, on his body, sa efferis it to Knychtis to be honourably enournyt -with honourable clething, and alsa with vertues honourable. And because -that sum horse ar enarmyt with sik harneis as efferis to defend thair corps -fra harmes, sa suld Knycht be enarmyt with richessis of temporale gudis, or -ellis he may nocht gudely do his worschip, nouthir in pes na in were, and -oft tymes gerris mony reueryes and wrang wynnyngis be: for Clerkis sais, -_Quod propter inopiam multi deliquerunt, etc._ - -Item, Jakkis war ordanit to Knychtis, thai tymes of [gh]eris that war of -grete solempnitee, of sylk aboue all thair harnais, that signifyit grete -trauailis that effeiris till him to do; ffor rycht as the jakkis ar aboue -the hauberkis, and ordanyt nerest bathe wynd and rayn, and othir stormys, -sa suld a Knycht for the peple susteyne all stormes and trauailis for -thame, sa that all mysterfull and peceable persones that had myster, suld, -throu him, haue reconfourt and refuge at nede, for the honoure of noble -that ordanyt that Noble Order, for that cause to be a protectour and ane -aduocate of all poore, miserable, and peceable persones: The quhilkis be -the noblesse and the creacione of the Ordre, he is ordanyt to defend, -manetene, and hald in thair richtis, quhen thai haue mister, and thai be -requerit: Quhilkis Knychtis suld erar expone thame outhir to be dede, or -presonare, or woundit sare, or he left thame but help that ar vnder thaire -cure and saufgarde: Be the quhilkis poyntis of the Ordre, men may se that -Knychtis, be vertu of thair Ordre, has a grete charge, quhat of justice -halding, quhat of thair landis gouernyng, and of thair peple maynteyning, -and of thai peceable persones defending, as ar kyrk men, and maidnis fra -forse and ravisyng, wedowis, and faderles and moderles barnis fra -supprising, labouraris, merchandis, and traualouris fra distroubling, and -all peceable persones fra fors and wrangwise vexacione. - -Eftir this, Takyn of Armes to bere is gevin the Knycht in his schelde, or -in his cote of armes, or othir wayis, sa that he be knawin and kend in -bataill be otheris; sa that gif he dois wele he suld have honoure and -worschip, and gif he dois evill he suld haue dishonoure and disworchip, and -sik as efferis till ane inymy of the Ordre of Knychthede: for gif he be -vailliaunt and hardy in bataill; or he be feigned, slak, and cowart, and -flee fra his lorde in bataill. - -Item, Baneris ar gevyn, bot that is bot to Kingis, and Princis, Erllis, -Dukkis, Marquis, Vavassouris, Barones, and Knychtis Banneroll; And thus -quhen a Baroun Banneroll has mony Knychtis vnder him, thai aw to diffend -thaire lordis landis, and his lyf, and his honoure: ffor the honoure of -Knychthede standis in that, that he be lufit, lovit, prisit, honourit, and -doubtit, with the prince, lordis, and peple of the realme; ffor the honoure -of lordis and princis standis in the pluralitee of mony worschipfull and -honourable Knychtis: And as Knychtis of honoure ar honourde with princis, -lordis, and peple, for hardynesse, noble curage, vertu, and worthynesse, -that thai haue wonyn with thair princis, lordis, and maisteris honoure in -thair [gh]outhede; rycht sa ar vnworthi cowartis, full of tresone and -falsehede, barate and trechery, and othir viciouse lyf, suld be haldyn as -dishonourit, and vnworthy to be amang thame that ar honourable in the said -Order, and mare to be blamyt na othir lawlyar folk, suppose thai had done -mys. - -[Decoration] - -SEPTIMUM CAPITULUM. - -HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOURE OF GUDE CUSTUMES THAT EFFERIS TO KNYCHTHEDE. - -And, first, he sais that Noblesse of curage has chosyn Knychtis of honour -to be aboue the small peple, and the small peple to be at thair seruice and -gouernement. Than suld Noblesse and gude custumes be intill all noble -knychtis, be vertu of thair Ordre; ffor noblesse of Knychthede cummys neuer -to man of gude evin rychtwisely na honourably, bot it be throu noblesse of -curage; ffor but noblesse of curage it may neuer cum to that hie degree of -honoure, and but electioun of vertu, and gude custumes and thewis; and thus -on nede force it behufis the Knycht, or he cum to that hye worschip and -estate, worthily but vsurpacione, that he be knawin full of gude vertues, -gude custumes, and gude thewis in gouernance. And fyrst and formast, all -Knycht or he tak Ordre suld knaw all the Seven Vertues, and thair branchis; -that is to say, the four Vertues Cardinale, and the thre Vertues -Theological. The thre Theological is Faith, Gude Hope, and Cheretee, as we -have before touchit. The Four Cardinale Vertues ar Justice, Temperance, -Fors, and Prudence. - -And first and formast, a Knycht bot he be of gude Faith, all is for nocht -that he dois; ffor he may neuer haue othir vertewe na gude custumes; ffor -but faith all is bot syn that euer man dois: ffor be faith men has all gude -knawlage and vnderstanding of God and his haly Sanctis; and but faith man -is wer na nocht; ffor be oure faith we haue sight spirituale of hevin and -hell, and all Goddis workis, visibilis and invisibilis. And be Faith men -has Esperaunce, Cheritee, and Leautee, and ar servitouris to Veritee, and -fault of Faith myssaris all thir thingis. Knychtis be gude ancien custumes -was wont to ga in the Haly Land, to defend and manetene the Cristyn Faith, -fechtand agains the inymyes of the Croce, and was marterit: but full few -now dois that. Alsua, be vertu of fayth and gude custumes, Knychtis -defendis the Clerkis and Kirkmen fra wikkit tyrane men, the quhilk aganis -the faith, and for default of faith schapis thame to derob and ourethraw -bathe clerkis and kirkmen, for thair tyranny and wikkitnes. - -Item, Esperaunce is a noble vertu, be the quhilk Knychtis traistis to haue -the victory in battail and in feicht. Clerkis be Esperaunce traistis to -haue the joy of hevyn, and be thair teching gerris vs trow rycht sa: but -the quhilk Esperaunce, that is Gude Hope, we war all forlorne. Thairfore -Esperaunce sittis well as in a Knycht, ffor be esperaunce he has mare -traist in God, na in his horse, harnais, and menze; throu esperaunce the -curage of knychtis is reinforssit, and the curage of cowartis ouresett. -Gude Hope gerris the knycht oursett grete trauailis, and hard fortunes, in -hope of better ay. Alssua Esperaunce gevis knychtis curage to kepe and -defend citeis, castellis, and wallit townis on small evyn, and thole bathe -hungir, thrist and waking, and mony grete strakis, oft tyme. And war nocht -Esperaunce of gude hope Knychtis had neuer honour, ffor it is the -principale instrument that gouernis Knychthede in honoure. - -Item, Knycht but Cheritee may neuer be but crueltee and euill will, -quhilkis concordis neuer with the honour of Knychthede; and thus mon -Cheritee be chief in a Knycht; ffor throu Cheritee man lufis his God atoure -all thing, and, as himself his nychtbour: but the quhilk poynt is na man -may be perfyte Cristyn man. - -Item, A Knycht suld haue in him grete pitee of all pure folk maleesy -persones, and of pure prysonaris quhen he has the maistry of thame, and -till haue mercy of thame for resonable finaunce; and throu cheritee men has -pitee, but the quhilk charitee na Knycht mycht sustene the grete charge of -Knychthede; ffor as horse but fete may nocht bere grete chargis, sa may -nocht Knychthede, but cheritee: the quhilk cheritee makis hevy birding -lycht to bere, and grete charge soft, bathe for the vphald of honour of -Knychthede, and meryt of the saule behufe. - -Item, Justice is till all Knychtis nedefull, ffor Knycht but justice is but -honoure; for Justice and Knychthede is sa wele acordaunt that Knycht but -justice is a body but saule, for but justice may na Knychthede be; ffor -Knycht injurius is inymy of justice, and castis him self out of the Ordre, -the quhilk reuys him and dispisis him in that cas. - -Item, Prudence is a vertue als, that Knychthede may nocht be but; ffor -Prudence is a knawlage that man has of all thing, bathe gude and euill, -throu the quhilk he is maid inymy to euill, and frende till all gudenes; -and alsa be Prudence man has knawlage of the thing that is for to cum, and -that be the notice of the present tyme, as he seis the warld gais: Item, -Prudence can with cautelis and subtiliteis, a man can, as be the apperaunce -of the thingis that he seis, eschewe perilis that ar to cum, and mend ane -euill fortune apperand be vertynasse, bathe corporalis and spiritualis. And -thus knaw thai all tymes that is, and wes, and sal be, and puttis -gouernaunce till all as efferis. The commone proufit, and the prince, ar -mekle behaldin to the worthy Knychtis, for the mony perilis that thai -expose thaim in for it: and thus is Prudence ane of the maist nedefull -poyntis that may be for Knychtis; worschipfull custume is in Knycht in tyme -of necessitee to request of party to arme him, and defend the commone -prouffit. Bot mekle mare is it honourable custume to Knychtis till vse -resoun in all his dedis, and gude will and wele sett, that is the glore of -Knychthede; ffor oft tymes bataillis ar mare wonnyn be grace, na be force, -and be wit and subtilitee na be multitude of armyt company, as sais -Macabeus to the Peple of Israel, quhen he sawe his inymyes cum on him sex -tymes ma na he; "Ha! Ha! Dere Brethir, reconfort [gh]ow, and makis gude -chere, and traistis wele that God sall help vs in this houre, ffor traist -nocht that grete multitude makis grete victory, bot mekle erare, grete -confusione; ffor sa grete multitude mycht nocht be gouernyt togeder, ffor -thay may nocht wit in the tane end, quhat the tothir dois; and a lytill -misreugle or affray makis all to flee, etc.:" And gert his peple put thame -in gude estate, and prayde to God to help thame. And thus was the bataill -wonnyn throu his wit and counsaile, and confourt quhilk come of grete -prudence and grace. And thus suld all gude Princis and Lordis that wald -haue thaire barnis worthy and wyse men, and hable to the Ordre foresaid: -thai suld ger doctryne thame, instruct thame, and teche thame first in thir -virtues before namyt, and specially till vse resone and justice, and gude -vnderstanding of wit, and that prudence teche thame to be a frende till all -gudelynes, and inymy till all wikkitnes, ffor be thai vertues, the vertew -of prudence junys him with Knychthede, and dois it mekle honoure. - -Item, Force is a grete vertu in all noble actis, and specialy agayn the -Seven Dedely Synnis, quhilkis, quhen thai haue the maistry, ledis man to -the paynis of hell; off the quhilk sevin synnis, Glutony is ane of the -werst; fforthy, that quhen a glutoun has chargit him our mekle with metis -and drinkis than bringis it in Suerenesse, that he mon slepe or rest; and -in his rest than desyris he Luxure; and quhen he seis that all this charge -may nocht be uphaldyn but grete gudis and richess, than cummys Couatise, -that settis nocht by how that gude be wonnyn bot he haue it; off the quhilk -conquest cummys Ire, and Inuye, and redy Murther and slauchter, quhilkis -cummys seldyn, bot that Pryde be in thair falouschip. And thus throu -glutony is gaderit and assemblyt all the foule company of the Seven Dedely -Synnis: And thus Knychtis that haldis thir wayis, gais nocht in the hall of -noblesse; Glutony makis the corps feble, and schortis the lyf, agaynis the -quhilk vicis, and namely of glutonye, the worthy curage of a noble Knycht -stryvis full stoutly, and wynnis the victory on him that is inymy to the -noble Ordre of Knychthede. And thus be Force he feichtis agayn his inymyes -throu hye noblelesse of curage with help of abstynence and of temperance: -And agayne Luxure feichtis Chastitie forsably, and beautee of corps, mekle -etyng and drinking, quynte clething, and joly polist corps; falsate, -tresoune, injure and misprising of God, and of his Sanctis and of his mekle -gloire, and no doubt the paynis of hell, na sik like thingis is agayne the -Ordre of Knychthede, and all gude thewis. Perfyte Chastitee forsably -feichtis aganis Lechery throu the remembraunce of God and his -commandementis. And to wele vnderstand the the hye graces and gudelynes and -glore of the hyast God, quhilkis he has ordanyt for thame that lufis and -honouris him, and seruis him treuly; and alssua to think on the sorow and -disese that ordanyt is for thame that dois the contrair, that mysprisis his -commandementis, and mystrowis him; for to lufe him, serue him, and honour -him, that is sa worthie to be lufit, man has forss and grace, with Chastite -forsable, with stark curage vnvencusable, werrays and ourecummys the vice -of mysordinate Lecherye, be force of curage and noblesse, quhilk will nocht -put him in subjectione of evill thouchtis; na be oure cummyn with sik -wrechitness; na his hye honour lawit na defoulit, that sa mekle charge has -sustenyt in grete honourable actis in weris that he suld thole his worthi -curage of Knychthede be ourecummyn with vicis. For suppose he be curageous -and hardy, and of corps strenthy to ourecum his corporale inymyes; and -nocht noblesse in him of forss of curage to vencuse and ourethrawe his -inymyes spirituale, that is vicis; he has nocht all the verray noble -poyntis, propereteis, na condiciouns of Knychthede that he suld ficht with; -ffor noble curage of Knycht suld alswele feicht again the Deuill that is -inymy of the saule as agayne man inymy to the corps. - -Item, Auarice is a vice that gerris oft tymes the curage of mony noble -Knycht descend full lawe; ffor quhy, the gredynesse of gude blyndis thair -hye curage for glytwisnesse of gold and of richesse, that it ourecummys the -force that suld vencuss his inymy with, and makis him subject till sa lawly -wretchitnesse and vnhonest thing, that is bot for defaut of forss; that -suld be his pillare of worschip till hald him ferme; the quhilk pillare -faillis him at nede quhen noblesse of hye corage is slokit throu Cuvatise, -nocht defendand thame aganis it, as the worthynesse of the Ordre requeris: -bot tholis him to be ourecummyn and vencust throu cowardise spirituale, and -lachesse of curage souplit throu Auarice; and changit thair curage again -the noblesse of the Ordre: And tharefore it is a grete maugre in a realme -quhare lordis and knychtis ar gredy to gudis, and couatouse; ffor it is -rute of all wikkitnesse; ffor of it cummys wrangwise extorsiouns, and euill -wonnyn gudis, wrangwise conquestis of landis, and syne ar thay fast -haldand, that na gude will part with, bot the nede peny; and be this way -thai becum bondis and subjectis to thair gudis, and varyis fra the rycht -way of liberalitee that manetenis noblesse of Cheualrye, and is inymy to -the noble Ordre, to be wrechit of the gudis that God has send thame to -preue thame, and assay thair vertu with; and nocht to be hid, na hurdit. -And as for remede of this, thare is a vertew callit Fortitude, that is -stifnes in hert aganis vice, that will nocht falde no mare na rank stele, -quhilk is sa ferme in itself, that it will nouthir bow to frende na faa, to -help thame at nede, bot he be requerit and askit, and that is for the hie -stifnes that is in him, of the vertu of fortitude of curage; that sa grete -honour it is worthi to have for his worthynes, that he is euer redy to be -at bidding of worthy dedis and honourable, quhen he is requerit. And the -hyenes of his noble corage he thrawis him fra all appetite mysordinate of -all vicis; as quhen a Knycht is tempt with Couatise or Auarice, that his -hert is sett and enclynit to that wrechit gredynesse that is moder of all -wikkitnesse, and of traysounis, falsate, barate, trechery, manesuering; -than suld he sauf his honour to have recourse to Fortitude, and thare sall -he fynd na fault of help, counsale, and confourt, to supplee him at nede; -for he is nouthir lache na [gh]it cowart, na false hertit na negligent; bot -with him sall be foundyn strenth and fors, hye curage in gudelynes, quhilk -efferis wele to be fere to the noble Ordre of Knychthede; ffor throu that, -a Knycht may be lorde of his curage, and be maister of himself, and ourecum -all vicis. And thus suld ilke noble Knycht think on the noble King -Alexander of Macedoyne, and of his liberalitee, the quhilk had sa noble a -curage, that he dispisit auarice and couatise; in largesses of giftis, he -had euer the hand opyn till all men, alswele frende as fa; throu the quhilk -renoune of fredome the souldiouris of his inymyes that war auariciouse and -couatouse, come fra thame till hym, and gert his company grow, and euermare -and mare he conquest, and euermare and mare delt till his men; and thus, -throu his renoune of liberalitee and dispising of the vice of auarice, with -othir vertues of noblesse of fortitude, he come to the honour of -Conqueroure of all the Warld. Quhairfore, all nobil Knychtis suld euer -think on vertues of noblesse and of largesse, and despise auarice and -couatise; that he be nocht subject till vnworthy persounis, na wyrk nane -vnworthy dedis; na think to mak nane vnworthy conquestis throu auarice, the -quhilk efferis nocht to noble and worthy Ordre of Knychthede--_Accydo est -male_. - -Suerenes is a vice quhilk makis a man to hate all gudelynes and to lufe all -viciousnes. Be the quhilk vice, thare is ma folk condampnyt na be ony othir -vice in this warlde be takenis and signis may be persauit; and be the -contrair, that is wilfulnes in gudelynes to do gude werkis, men may knawe -the takenis of a man that sal be savit fra dampnacioune better, and mare -clerely, na be ony vertuouse condicione that man may haue; and thus, quha -will ourecum and vencuse Suerenesse, he mon nedely begyn at gude, and -fortitude of curage, throu the quhilk he ourecummis the inclinacioune of -Suerenes that mannis flesch is inclynit to, be the syn of Adam, our held -fader, quhilk of the erde takis inclinacioune mare to sleuth na to -diligence, and mare till euill na to gude; ffor sleuth and leithfulnesse -drawis efter it dule and displesaunce of othir mennis gude auentures, and -is blythe of thar mysfortunys: and quhare thai haue euill, thai wald it war -wer, and thus has he ay disese; ffor he has disese and dule of thair gude, -and syne he has disese and dule of that, that thai haue nocht sa mekle -euill as he wald; the quhilk puttis thame in ire and in passione dolorouse -contynualy, bathe in body and saule; and tharefore, thou Knycht that wald -vencuse that vice of sleuth, pray to God to graunt the force in curage of -diligence aganis that vice of sleuth, that thou may ourethrawe him, and -halde him at vnder; and think how that our Lord God, quhen he gevis till -othir men ony grace or gudelynes for thair gude meritis, he takis nocht fra -the to give thame, na he gevis thame nocht all the gudis that he has to -geve; bot that he has yneuch bathe to geve the and otheris, that makis him -gude cause; of the quhilk he gevis vs ane example in the Ewangel, sayand, -_Amice, non facio tibi injuriam_, That is to say, Quhen the vignerones -labouraris had wroucht all the day, fra the morne early till nycht, and -otheris began at the Evyn-sang tyme, and wroucht rycht sa to the nycht; and -the Lord of the wynis gave thame y-lyke feis for thair day werk; and thai -that had wrocht fra the morne airly murmurit the Lord, sayand, He was -vnrychtwise, that gave thame alsmekle that began at Evyn-sang tyme as to -thame that began at morne airly: and he ansuered, That he did thame na -wrang, quhen he departit his awin gude at his awin will, and payde tham all -that he hecht thame; quharefore thai had na cause to murmur him, na to haue -nane envy at thair nychtbouris, as said is. - -Orgueille, that is callit Pryde, thinkis na man pere till him, and is a -grete vice; ffor he wald na man war sa gude na sa worthy as he, and had -leuer be him allane, na in ony company that him thocht na pere till him. -And Humilitee and Fortitude are twa vertues that lufis evynlynes, and sa ar -thai aganis Pride; and, tharefore, gif a proud, hichty, hautane Knycht may -nocht stanche his awin pride, call till Mekenes and Fortitude; ffor -mekenesse withoutyn stedefastnes may nocht gaynstand pryde; ffor quhen thai -twa ar togidder, than may thai wele gaynstand pryde; na pryde may neuer be -vencust, but mekenesse and stedefastnes of fortitude; ffor kyndely thing -is, that quhen a [gh]ong King is sett on his hye horse, he is proud and -hautane, but syne cummys fortitude of humilitee, with grete stedefast -mynde, thinkand how he suld haue pryde in his hert, quhen he rememberis of -all the poyntis of his Ordre, and quhy he is maid Knycht. Bot quhat is the -pryde of a proud haultane man worth, quhen he can nocht remembre of the -poyntis that God may sone lawe him with? ffor thare is na man sa proud and -full of orgueill, bot and he had bene disconfyte and ourecumyn in bataill -place and vencust, bot he suld be full meke; and that fallis ofttymes amang -Knychtis of honoure: for quhy? the fors of ane othir mannis corps has -strykyn doune the pryde of his curage: And thus sen fors corporale in a -strange persone has lawit his pryde, it war lyke that fors of humilitee -spirituale, that is fer mare vertuouse, suld in his awin persone ourecum -pryde; sen the tane is spirituale noblesse, and the tothir corporale. - -Item, Envy is a vice that is not agreable to God, na justice, na charitee, -na to largesse, the quhilk pertenis to the Ordre of Knychthede, and thus -quhen ony Knycht has his hert failit, and his curage lawlyit, that he may -no mare folow the actis of noblesse, na dedis of were, for faulte of -strenth of curage that is failit in him, na has nocht in him, Justice, -Charitee, na Largesse, syk men dois injure to thair Ordre of Knychthede, -that gerris mony Knychtis be envius of othir mennis gude fortune, and thai -ar suere and lythir to trauaile thame to wyn honoure in armes, the quhilk -bringis the richessis; for euer efter honour thare cummys rychesse, and -thai that ar thus enviouse takis fra othir men the gude that is nocht, na -may nocht be thairis, ffor thai wald pres thame to reve thame thair -honoure, quhilk, quhen thai had gert thame tyne, throu murmuracioune and -enviouse langage of bakbyting, that honour that thai tak fra thame, may -nocht cum to thameself; and be syk Enuy he dois mony thingis that ar -discordant till his Ordre. - -Item, Ire is a stroublance of curage, and of gude mynde, and gude will, and -disturnis a mannis curage to vengeaunce; and thus, quha sa lykis to sett -remede in this vice of Ire, he mon haue recourse to forse of corage; that -is, the lord and maister of mannis mynde and his passions, and syne seke to -Pacience and to Charitee, the quhilkis ar cheif of counsale to Knychthede, -and with temperaunce, mese his mynd and bryng his hert to sobirnes; and -thir Vertues ay bringis allegeaunce of the grete paynis and trauailis that -Ire has movit in mannis hert: and in samekle as the ire is the mare, in -samekle suld force of curage of noblesse of Knychthede be the starkare to -ourecum the vnresonable passions of ire, the quhilkis cummis ay of euill, -and dois bot euill, ffor the ire of man makis nocht man to haue mare rycht -anent Godwart; bot man suld be armyt with gude will, sobernesse, humilitee, -and pacience, charitee and abstinence, and syne cummys justice, and bringis -wisedome with him, and annoblis the Ordre of Knychthede fere mare na it was -before, and thus we haue that aganis all vicis of the Seven Dedely Synnis: -The vertu of Force, with help of thir othir counsalouris that we haue here -before namyt, is souerane remede aganis thame. - -And now is it spedefull that we se quhat is the vertu of Temperaunce, and -quhat it is nedefull and behovefull till: And as to that, the Doctour sais, -That Temperaunce is a vertu quhilk haldis him euer in the mydwarde betuene -twa vicis, that is to say, betuene oure lytill and oure mekle, and thus -techis temperance a man to kepe the mydwarde, ffor vertu is ay in the -mydwarde: ffor man that has na mesure in himself, quhen he dois outhir till -the hye or to the law, thare wantis discrecione of temperaunce and mesure, -(the quhilk is nedefull to be in Knychthede), ffor quhen Knycht knawis -nocht his quantiteis of his mesure in all his dedis, his honoure is in -were: ffor he suld be temperit in largesse, that he be nouthir fule large -na oure wrechit; in hardinesse, that he be nocht fule hardy na oure cowart; -in etyng and drinking that he be nocht glutone, na gormand, na slut, na -slutheroune, na zit dronkynsum; na that he hunger nocht himself for -wrechitnes; in his speche that he haue nocht our mony wordis, na that he be -nocht oure bestely, na our blate, that he haue na langage, na collacione in -tyme quhen it efferis; alsua in his clething that he excede nocht, na that -he be nocht oure wrechit: And thus in all thing to hald mesure is -temperaunce: And schortly to say, it is the reugle of all wisedome, and but -it na Knycht may well gouerne his Ordre, na neuer sall men fynd temperance -bot with wisdome and with vertu. - -Item, Gude custume and vsage is till Knychtis to here every day the Messe, -quhare euer he be, gif it may gudely be gottyn, and gif ony preching or -teching of clerkis, or wyse men be proponyt, he suld be redy euer to here -the Word of God, and euer be redy till honoure, anourne, and pray to God, -and to lufe him, serue him, honoure him, and obeye him in all place, atour -all thing; and in all his dedis, haue euer his hert on him, and euer think -on the Passioun of Crist, and on his awin dede, that he mon anyss dee, and -think on the schortnes and the wrechitnes of this warld, and of the paynis -of Hell, and of the grete joyis and glore celestiall of Hevyn; And euer ask -him of his grace that hye glore of Paradise, and traistis wele that he that -takis mare plesaunce in haukis and houndis, deliciouss metis, joly -clethingis, fair women, gude wynis and spicis, lycht wordis with negligence -of Goddis seruice, and lycht lying and despising of Goddis pure peple, and -of the lawis of God and man, syk Knychtis ar nocht worthy Knychtis, bot -erar dispisaris of the Ordre, and inymyes to Knychthede; ffor sum trowis in -wichecraftis, as in meting of bestis, or in fleyng of foulis with thame or -agayne thaim, or on rycht hand, or on left hand, sayand, the rycht syde -gais aganis him, and the left syde gais with him: And sayand, That all sik -folyis efferis nocht to wisedome, resone, na discrecioune, na to gude -faith. Bot it as foly of fulis that grevis God, and castis men of Goddis -grace, and gerris thair inymyes oft tymes be maisteris of thame, quhen thai -will nocht tak documentis of gude teching, na gude thewis to reugle thair -dedis, and mare has traist in thair fretis and folyis, na in the faith of -God Almychty. And tharfor, thai that vsis thir folyis, and levis the -Vertues before said of Fayth, Gude Hope, and Charitee, Humilitee, Largesse -and Lawtee, and nobilnesse of Forse of curage, to gaynstand all thir -vnworthy fantasyes, he is nocht worthy to bere that hye, worthy, and noble -Ordre of Knychthede that dois thus; ffor sum Knycht has syk custumes to -trow, quhen euer he seis a nakit womman in the mornyng, he sall nocht do -his prouffit na honoure that day, na quhen he seis a womman kemmand hir -hede nakit in the mornyng, he sall nocht have honour in armes that day; and -this is a false vnworthy treuth, ffor a juge that kepis the lawis that he -is ordanyt to kepe, dois wele his office. Sa dois a Knycht quhen he vsis -resone and discrecione, and kepis fayth and lawtee with all the laue of -Vertues of noblesse, than is he worthy Knycht, and kepis wele his Ordre: -Bot a Knycht that wyrkis eftir [gh]one fretis, that we have here sum part -namyt, and otheris, and levis the ordre of gude vertues and gude thewis, he -is dois evin as a juge that leuis gude and suthfast witnessis led in a -cause before him, and jugis agayn gude fayth, be the chirmyng of foulis, or -be the berking of doggis, and syk lyke thing; and thus Knycht suld be ferme -in the faithe, nocht variand, na suld nocht traist in sik fretis, na -wichcraft; and leue the verray faith of God, ffor all syk thingis are bot -janglyng of fendis, that fleis in the ayre, that temptis Cristyn folk, to -ger them vary fra the rycht faith to drawe thame to thair condampnacione. - -Item, Till Knychthede efferis; principaly to be amorouse of the commone -prouffit, and of the commouns; ffor quhy? be the commouns, and for the -commone prouffit Knychthede was foundyn, stablyst, and ordanyt, than suld -Knychtis be curius of thair prouffit, be resone; ffor gude resone gevis, -that all Princis, Lordis, and Knychtis specialy, sulde be mare curius of -the commoun prouffit, na of thair awin propre gudis; ffor quhy? it is mare -nedefull and mare spedefull, and grettar and mare necessair, ffor the -commoun prouffit riches bathe Prince and Peple, and gude propre gudis, bot -a persone proprely, and mare gude, is to be bathe riche, Prince and Peple, -na he allane, and nocht his peple. - -Item, To Knycht efferis to speke sobirly and wisely, and curtasly; and to -be alssua nobly cled in diuerss clethingis, and honourable, fair horse, -fair harnais, in the hanting of weris, and gouernaunce that he has: till -hald alsua gude house, eftir his power and estate, till haue honest -housing; and treuly Curtasy and Knychthede suld neuer part company; ffor -foule and vilaynouse speche fylis the mouth of a noble Knycht, and sa dois -it of all persone of estate; hamelynes and gude specialitee of acquyntance -with gude folk, worthy and honest, is wele accordant to Knychthede. - -Item, Lautee, Veritee, Justice, Humilitee, Charitee, Largesse, Hardynesse, -Prowesse, with Forse in curage and noblesse, Pitee, Honestee, Drede, -Schame, with othir syk like Vertues, and otheris that we haue before namyt, -appertenis wele to be in company with the noble Ordre; and rycht as we say, -That in God is all vertu, all noblesse, and all gudelyness, sa suld all -Knychtis, Lordis, and Princis, folow at all thair gudely powere the -futsteppis of thair ledare, lord, and techour, Jhesu Crist, quhilk all his -werkis that he wrocht was all to geve us gude instructioun to gouerne vs in -syklike maner. And all the writtis that euer was writtin for our documentis -and teching, for the teching of the keping of horse and harnais and -wapinis, is nocht anerly the instructione of Knychthede till his barnis and -otheris that he suld teche vnder him: bot the gude custumes, gude -instructiones in vertues, and gude ensamples of gude godlyke gouernaunce, -efter all the form and maner before said, suld be the gouernaunce of -Knychtis, first in thameself, and syne teche till otheris; ffor he that -better techis his horse na his barnis, he gais nocht the rycht gate to -teche the Ordre. - -[Decoration] - -OCTAUUM CAPITULUM. - -HERE DECLARIS THE DOCTOUR THE HONOURIS THAT SULD BE DONE TO THE NOBLE ORDRE -OF KNYCHTHEDE. - -God himself ordanyt Knychthede, and honourit it, and honouris it, and -alssua all the peple honouris Knychthede; and as is recountit be the Lawis, -Knychthede is honourit abufe all Ordre that euer was next Presthede, as -maist honourable ordre and office that is or wes, and aboue all statis, -sauffand the Haly Ordre and Office that sacrifyis the body of God, the haly -Sacrament of the Altare, with the otheris Sacramentis of the Haly Kirk. And -the said Ordre of Knychthede is rycht necessair to the gouernaunce of the -warld, as is before said, in syndry placis; and tharefore, before all -temporale ordre, Knychthede suld be honourit be mony resouns, with all -maner of peple; ffor and Emperouris Kingis and Princis had nocht annext to -thame the Ordre of Knychthede, with the vertues and propereteis, and -nobiliteis, langand to the said Ordre, thaj war nocht worthy to be -Emperouris, Kingis, na Princis: ffor suppose the Office be gretare, the -Ordre is y-lyke ane in Kingis and in Knychtis, as Presthede is y-lyke of -degree, bathe in Pape, Cardynale, and Patriarche, alsmekle is it in a -symple preste: and sa is it in Kingis and Princis knychthede, in regarde of -symple Knychtis, suppose the Office be mare grete; tharefore aucht thai -till honoure the Office and Ordre of Knychthede, bathe Emperouris, Kingis, -Princis, and Barouns; ffor quhan thai do nocht honoure to the said Ordre, -thai do dishonour to thameself; ffor the Knychtis gerris the grete Lordis, -Princis, and Barouns be honourit aboue the small peple, and than suld thai -again do honour to the said Ordre, and honour thame abufe the peple. - -Item, All Knychtis ar free be thair Ordre, ffor Knychthede and fredome -acordis togeder rycht wele to the ryale magestee and lordschip; and, -tharefore, sen Knychthede is ordanyt for the manetenyng, defending, and vp -halding of Emperouris and Kingis, Princis, Barouns, and all Commouns and -small peple, than is it grete resone that thai all suld defend, manetene, -and vphalde the honour of Knychthede, and all Knychtis. And to the honour -of Knychthede it appertenis, that he be in honoure haldyn, and that he be -lufit for his gudelynes; and that he be doubtit for his prowesse and -hardynesse; and that he be lovit for his noble dedis of worthynes; and that -he be hamely for his lawlynes, and hichty in tyme: And because he is of the -self ordre that Kingis ar of, he suld be haldin of counsale to Kingis and -of grete Princis; and because that he is of the natur of all mankynde, and -enclynit to vicis, he is the mare worthy and honourable that he has force -of noble curage to abstene him tharefra: And, tharefore, suld a Knycht -dispise all vicis, and lufe all vertues; ffor the quhilkis, all Knychtis ar -honourit, and nocht for othir cause; and all Prince, King, Lord, or Barone, -that honouris Knychthede, outhir in court or in counsale, in house or in -semblee, he honouris himself: And alsua, quha honouris thame in gouernement -of bataill, honouris himself; and alssua, all Lord, that of a wise Knycht -makis him a seruand, delyueris his honour in the handis of noblesse of gude -curage; and quhat Lord or Prince that encreseis the honoure of a wise -Knycht in his seruice, or multiplyis it, encressis and multiplyis his awin -honour; and quhat euer Lord that manetenys Knycht that is in office, -ordanyt till him, and enforsis him in his office, he enforsis him self and -his lordschip; and Lord, that is bathe Prince and Knycht, has grete -affinitee, and lufe and frendschip to Knychthede, and grete company suld -haue thar with: And gif he requeris of foly and euill maner of trety, ony -Knychtis wyf till enclyne hir to wikkitnes, he excedis the honoure of -Knychthede; na [gh]it alsa a Knychtis wyf that has barnis vnlaufull of -villaine generacione, dois lytill honour to the Ordre of Knychthede, that -scho is honourit throu; bot scho destroyis ande puttis to nocht the noble -lignie and confraternitee of Knychthede. And quhat Knycht that has his -barnis in matrymonye with ony villaine womman, he dois lytill honour to the -noble Ordre of Knychthede, na to the band of gentrise: And sen it is sa -that noblese and gentillesse ar of tendernesse and frendschip to -Knychthede, and to the honour of Knychthede, and of his Lady be the -honourit band of mariage; and the contrair is destructione of Knychthede. -Thus gif noblis and gentill men that ar na Knychtis, and has bot honour and -worschip of thair awin birth and natiuitee, ar oblist naturaly to honour of -Noblesse and Knychthede be the vertu of gentrise that thai ar natyf till, -than mekle mare ar Knychtis behaldyn to the honoure and worschip of -Knychthede, quhilkis be thair ordre thai ar bundyn to; ffor in that that -thai do honoure to thair Ordre, thai do honoure to thame self: For all -Knycht is oblist at all powere to honour his persone; first to be wele cled -in his persone, syne to be wele horssit, and syne wele enarmyt and harnest -in his habilliament, and alsua aw nobily to be seruit of noble persons: -that is to say, persouns vertuouse, sen all noblenesse presupponis vertu. -But [gh]it mekle mare but comparisone is he behaldyn till honoure him self -with noblesse of curage; ffor the quhilk noblesse of curage he beris that -hye and noble Ordre of Knychthede, the quhilk alssua is defoulit and -dishonourit quhen a Knycht levis vertu of curage, and takis him false -cogitaciouns of traysouns, ref and rape, murder and thift, and puttis out -of his curage, and slokis all the said vertues of noblesse, as Justice, -Temperance, Fors, and Prudence with Faith, Gude Hope, and Charitee, -Liberalitee and Lautee, with otheris before namyt, appertenand to the maist -noble Ordre: And thus, Knycht that dishonouris ane Knycht his fader in -Knychthede, is nocht worthy to be honourit, ffor gif he war honourit sen he -dishonouris his awin Ordre, mekle wrang war than done to the noble Ordre, -to do honour till him that dishonouris him self and his Ordre; ffor quha -may better honoure or dishonoure the Ordre na thai that are of the Ordre, -and berand the Ordre: and thus sen Knycht has in his hert a noble duelling -place for the vertues and noblesse of curage, that suld gouerne and -manetene Knychthede, kepe well that castell place and duelling, that it be -nocht oure sett na segit with vicis, than mekle honour and reuerence is -worthi to be done till him for his mekle worschip and noblesse; and the -mare that Knychthede be assemblyt with hie Princehede or hye Lordschip, the -mare is the Knycht behaldyn till honoure his Nobile Ordre, and mare oblist -to manetene his Knychthede with worschip: At the reuerence, honour, lufe, -loving, seruice, and doubting of Almychty God, oure gloriouse Saluioure, -and of his dere and gloriouse Moder and Virgyne oure suete Lady Marye, and -all the Haly Court of Hevin. IN NOMINE PATRIS, ET FILIJ, ET SPIRITUS -SANCTI, AMEN. - -Explicit Lordre de Chevalrie. - -HERE ENDIS THE BUKE OF THE ORDRE OF KNYCHTHEDE. - -Appendix. - -[Decoration] - -No. I. - -EXTRACTS - -FROM - -The Buke of the Law of Armys. - -[Fol. 1.] - -_Gracia Domini nostri Jhesu Christi, et caritas Dei, et communicacio Sancti -Spiritus sit semper cum omnibus nobis in Christo Jhesu Domino nostro. -Amen._ - -Here begynnys the Buke callit THE BUKE OF THE LAW OF ARMYS, the quhilk was -compilit be a notable man, Doctour in Decreis, callit BONNET, PRIOURE OF -SALLON; the quhilk, quhen it was maid, callit it The Fleur of Bataillis, or -the Tree; into the quhilk Buke thare salbe foure partis efter as the -Rubryis schawis. The First part salbe, Of the Tribulacioun of the Kirk -before the Natiuitee of Christe. The Secund party salbe, Of the -Tribulaciouns and Destructioun of the Four Principale Realmes grettest of -the Warld, &c. The Thrid salbe, Of Bataillis in generale. The Ferde, Of -Bataillis in specialitee. - -HERE BEGYNNYS THE RUBRYIS OF THE FIRST PARTY, ETC., BE THE QUHILKIS MEN MAY -BETTER KNAW THE PROCESSE OF THE SAID BUKE, AND OF EUERY CHAPTERE SPECIALY. - - In the First Chapiter he speris, Quhat thing is Bataill? i - The Second Chapiter is, Quhare was first foundyn Bataill? ii - The Third is, Of the tribulacions of the Kirk by passit, iij - The Ferde is, Of the first Angel, iiij - The Fyft is, Of the tother Angel, v - The Exposicioun apon the tothir party of the Visioun of Sanct Johne, vj - The thrid Angel, vij - The ferde Angel, viij - The fyft Angel, ix - And [gh]it spekis he mare furtherly of the Visioun, x - -_Expliciunt Rubrice Prime Partis, etc._ - -_Sequitur Prologus in breuibus._ - -Here folowis the Proloug of the said Buke, in termis, as the forenamyt -DOCTOURE BONNET, Prioure of Sallon, maid his first Intitulacioun and -Prohemium: And syne efter sall folowe the principale parties of the Buke -forenamyt, Translatit be me GILBERT OF THE HAYE KNYCHT, Maister in Arte, -and Bachilere in Decreis, Chaumerlayn vmquhile to the maist worthy King -Charles of Fraunce, at the request of ane hye and mychty Prince and worthy -Lord, WILLIAME ERLE OF ORKNAY AND OF CATHNES, Lord Synclere, and Chancelare -of Scotland, in his Castell of Rosselyn, the [gh]ere of our Lord a thowsand -four hundreth fyfty and sex. - -[Fol. 2.] - -PROLOGUS. - -To the haly Croune of Fraunce, in the quhilk this day regnys CHARLES THE -SEXT of that name, the quhilk is lufit and redoubtit oure all the warld be -the ordynaunce of God; till him be gevin honoure, lose, and glore, abune -all erdely Lordschippis: Maist hye Prince I am callit, be my richt name, -BONNET PRIOUR OF SALLON, Doctoure in Decreis. The quhilk I haue had mony -smale thouchtis and gude will to mak sum Buke; First, in the honoure of -God, and of his suete Moder, and of [gh]our hye Lordschip. And the resouns -quhy I haue vndertane to mak this Buke ar gude yneuch, as semys me. And -First and formast, for quhy? That the state of Haly Kirk is in sik -tribulacioun that bot gif God oure Lorde set sum gude remede, the quhilk -was wont till mak gude cheuisaunce and gude end, in that mater be the -Brether of the faith, auentureris of the Christin Faith, I can se be na way -that it may wele be, bot gif thare be sum gudely way of acordaunce fundyn -and sone. The Secund cause is and resoun, For I se all Cristyndome sa -grevit, and stroublit of weris, discensiouns, thiftis, and reueryis, -haterentis, and envyes, that men kennys almaist na realme in Cristyndome -bot it is in were. Thrid resone is, for quhy? That the land of Provence, of -quhilk I am borne and vp brocht, is sa turnyt now for the renewing of new -Lordschip, and for diuerse opyniouns that ar amang Lordis and the -Communiteis, that with grete payne may ony wyse man here it be rehersit, -the mekle sorowe that the Commouns sustenis for sik debatis. The Ferde -resoun, for quhy? That mony notable Clerkis, the quhilkis wenys thai -vnderstand wele the glosyng of ancien Prophecies, sais, that it sulde be -ane of the hie lignie of Fraunce, the quhilk suld sett remede in all this -thingis, and put this trauailland warld in pes and rest, that now is put in -grete pestilence. And for this cause my curage has gevin me to mak sum -newing of thing till enfourme [gh]our [gh]outhede of mony syndry knaulagis -of Haly wrytt, sa that [gh]our curage suld be movit the mare to help to -sett remede in the Haly Cristyn faith, the quhilk is in poynt of perising, -and geve it socour; and to geve [gh]ow corage for to do in sik manere, that -the Prophecyes, the quhilkis are presumyt to be vnderstandin in [gh]our -persone maist worthy, be verifyit in [gh]our maist noble and worthy -Princehede, throu [gh]our notable and haly werkis: And forthy, I mak -[gh]our Hienes hertly request and supplicacioune, that nathing that I sall -put in this Buke, [gh]e disprise, na lichtly, ffor all that I here say -takis foundement of Haly Writt, and of the Decreis and Lawis Cannon and -Ciuile, and Philosophy Naturale, that is Natural Resoun. The quhilk Buke -sal be callit THE FLOURE OF BATAILLIS, OR THE TREE: And syne mon I pas to -my werk; and tharefore is thare cummyn to me sik ane ymaginacioun, that I -will ger mak a Tree, the quhilk sall bere bot fruyte of sorowe; as men may -se, that all the persecuciouns of the Kirk and Contreis beris bot fruyte of -dule and diseise; departit in Four Partis, as is before said, on the -quhilkis Four Partis the diuisioun of oure Buke sal be foundit, etc. - -EXPLICIT PROHEMIUM. - -PRIMUM CAPITULUM. - -[Fol. 2, b.] - -Sen it is sa that apon this mater, the quhilk may be lyknyt till a Tree, -that may bere na fruyte but fruyte of doloure and diseiss, we see twa -partis principale, amang the quhilkis is grete discorde, discensioun, and -were; first, apon the Haly Kirk and the Fredome of it, as apon the Pape, -and the Sege of Rome, with the fredomys: And apon the tothir part, we see, -how amang Kingis and Princis, and Temporale Lordis, thare is rysin sa grete -discensiouns, discordis, and weris, that the Brethir of the Fayth, as -Nobles, men that wont was to be werreyouris to defend the Kirk rycht, ar -now rysyn agayne the Commouns and Comiteis agayn thame, that grete dule is -to se: Quharefore this Buke may wele be comparit till a Tree quhilk beris -na fruyte, but fruyte of dule, etc. - - * * * * * - -HERE EFTERE FOLOWES THE DECLARACIOUN OF THE RUBRYIS OF THE SECUND BUKE, -ETC. - -[Fol. 11.] - - In the first, Of the persecucioun and destructioun of the Foure - grete Realmes. 1[16] - Item, How and in quhat tyme the Citie of Rome was first foundit. 2 - Item, In quhat tyme gouernyt the Senatouris. 3 - Item, Of the gouernement of the King Tules. 4 - Item, Of the King Fernicle Archy. 5 - Item, Efter of the King Tarquyn. 6 - Item, Of the dede of King Alexander. 7 - Item, Here he spekis of grete Archile, Consul of Rome. 8 - Item, Here spekis he of grete Sir Sempny, Consul of Rome. 9 - Item, Of the grete worthynes of Schir Sypre, Consul of Rome. 10 - Item, How grete Cartage was destroyit. 11 - Item, How the Almaynis wan a bataill apon the Romayns. 12 - Item, Of Scilla, the grete inymy of the Romayns. 13 - Item, How the Provincis maid Julius Cesar thaire lord, for his - worthynes. 14 - Item, How that Fortune is rycht variable. 15 - Item, Here he spekis of Sir Arthoma, Consul of Rome. 16 - Item, Spekis he of a questioun, be the quhilk thar come first - Jurisdictioun amang men. 17 - Item, Here he tellis quha was first Juge amang men. 18 - - * * * * * - -[Fol. 21, b.] - -HERE FOLOWIS THE CHAPTERIS OF THE THRID PARTY OF THIS PRESENT BUKE, AS -FOLOWIS HERE BE DECLARACIOUN. - - In the first, Quhethir it be lefull and lawufull thing till entre in - cloisit feldis to defend richtwise cause. 1 - Item, Of the samyn mater [gh]it spekis he mare furtherly. 2 - Quhethir it be thing possible that this Warld be in pes. 3 - How that Force is ane of the principale foundementis of Bataill. 4 - How it may be kend in a Man gif he be forsy or nocht. 5 - Quhethir is mare vertu till a man to assail[gh]e, or to byde in felde. 6 - Be how mony thingis may men knaw the prowess of a Knycht. 7 - A man suld erar chese to dee in felde, na flee fra the bataill. 8 - Quhat punycioun suld he haue that passis fra the Ost but leue. 9 - Quhat punycioun suld he haue that fechtis wyth his Lordis inymy - but leve, or of the Constable. 10 - - * * * * * - -[Fol. 26.] - -HERE BEGYNNIS THE TABLE OF THE FERDE PART OF THIS BUKE. - - In Primis Off quhat rycht, or quhat evin cummys Bataill. 1[17] - Be quhat rycht or resoun may Men moue were agaynis the - Sarra[gh]enis or othir mistrowaris. 2 - Gif the Emperoure suld moue were agayne thame, quha suld obey till - his mandement. 3 - Quhethir othir Princis na the Emperoure may moue were apon the - Sarra[gh]enis. 4 - Quhethir the Emperoure may ordane were agayne the Pape, or agayne - the Haly Kirk. 5 - Quhethir the Pape may mak were on him. 6 - Quhat thingis may ger moue Bataill necesse. 7 - Quhat thingis pertenis till a gude Knycht to do. 8 - Quhat thingis pertenis to the Duke of the battaill. 9 - How, and for quhat caus, a Knycht suld be punyst. 10 - Quhethir Strenth be a Vertu morale. 11 - Quhethir, gif the Duke of the bataill be tane, men suld haue merci - of him, and saue his lyf. 12 - Gif Forse be a Vertu Cardinale or nocht. 13 - Quhethir Presonaris that are tane in bataill be the takaris or the - lordis that payis the wagis. 14 - Quhethir the Vassaillis suld pas in were on thair awin cost, or on - the princis costis. 15 - Gif a Barouns men suld [help] thair Lord agayne their King, [and] - serue in his weris or nocht. 16 - Gif twa Barouns has were ilk ane agayne othir, quhethir suld thair - men help ilkane his awin Lorde, or thair King, and he charge thame. 17 - Quhethir I aw to defend my nychtbour in armys, and men wald sett - to sla him. 18 - Quhat Personis ar behaldin to defend othir. 19 - How the Bonde is behaldin to defend his Lorde. 20 - How the Sone is behaldin to defend the Fader, but the leue of the - justice. 21 - Quhethir erar is the Sone behaldin defend his Fader, or his natural - Lord maister. 22 - Quhethir a Clerk suld erar help his Fader or his Bischop, and he - haue were. 23 - Quhethir to conquest gudis rychtwisely Men may lefully mak - defensable were. 24 - Quhethir for vnrychtwise conquest Men may mak were diffensable. 25 - Quhethir Prestis and clerkis may defend thair gudis be armes. 26 - Gif Armoure lent and tynt in felde suld be restorit. 27 - Gif Armoure or horse hyrit and tynt suld be restorit. 28 - Gif a Knycht be [ar]rest douand his Princis charge, quhethir has - the Knycht or the Prince actioun to the party. 29 - Gif a Man gais to the weris vnchargit, sall he tak wagis. 30 - Gif a Knycht seruis a King vnchargit in his weris, quhether may he - laufully ask him his wagis. 31 - Gif the King of Span[gh]e sendis secours to the King of France in - his weris, as he has done othir tymes till him in sik lyke cas, - quhethir suld the Spannollis ask wagis at the King of France. 32 - Gif a Man gais to were for vayn glore, quhethir he may, be law of - armes, ask wagis or nocht. 33 - Gif a Capitane doand his Lordis bidding tyne his gudis, gif his - Lord aw to restore him agayne. 34 - Gif a Man gais to the were for couatise to pele and rub gudis, - quhethir he may ask wage or noucht. 35 - Gif a Clerk may leuefully pas to the weris or nocht. 36 - In quhat termes the wage aw to be payit to Men. 37 - Gif a Wageour gais to play and disport him, with leue, for a tyme, - gif he suld be payit of that tyme. 38 - Gif a Knycht has tane wagis of a King for a [gh]ere, and he wald - within thre monthis pas his way till ane othir Prince, quhethir - gif he suld be payit for the tyme that he had seruit. 39 - Gif a Sowdioure be payit of a Prince for a [gh]ere, gif he may put - ane othir in his stede or nocht. 40 - Quhethir gif a Capitane may send of his folk away, that he has anys - moustrit in felde. 41 - Gif a Man of armes hapnis seke in the weris, quhethir he may ask - his wagis for all the tyme that he is seke or nocht. 42 - How Gudis suld be departit in the weris, that ar wonnyn in tyme - of the weris. 43 - Gif a Man may rychtwisely hald that he has tane fra a revare, that - set to reue him be the way. 44 - Gif twa Citeis makis were ilkane on othir, quhethir thai may - lefully mak were thai clamand to hald of na souerayne. 45 - Quhethir a Man may sla his prisonare efter that he be tane and - [gh]eldit, at his awin will. 46 - Gif a Man may ask ransoun of gold and siluer at his prisonare be - law or armes. 47 - Quhethir for the weris that is betuix the Kingis of Ingland and - of France, the Franchmen may leuefully tak the pure mennis gudis, - and mak achet of, and mak presonaris thair persouns. 48 - Quhethir a King may lefully, be cautele and subtiltee, ourset or - disconfyte ane othir King. 49 - Quhethir Bataill may lefully be on Haly day. 50 - Quhethir gif a Man wrangis ane othir, he may lefully recouer apon - him be were his thing, gif he may reclame him in jugement. 51 - Gif a Knycht deis in bataill in his Princis querele, quhethir his - saule be sauf, or nocht. 52 - Quhethir Rychtwise men or sinnaris ar starkar in bataill. 53 - Quhy is there sa mekle Were in this warld. 54 - Gif a Prisouner be suorne to hald prisoun, and his takar put him - atour his ath in stark prisoun or festnyng, gif it be lefull to - him to escape, and brek presoun. 55 - Gif a Man be presonare till ane othir, and he put him in a stark - close toure, in sekir festeynyg, quhethir he be haldin to brek - prison, and eschape. 56 - Gif a Man has sauf condyt to com seurely, nocht spekand of his - way-passing, quhethir he may be haldyn prisonar in his passing. 57 - Gyf a Man that has sauf conduct may bring on his sauf conduct - gretare man na himself is. 58 - Gif a Man be tane prisoner apon ane otheris sauf condyt, quhethir he - that aw the sauf condyt suld outred him of prisoun on his awin cost. 59 - Gif a Man suld enter agayn in prisoun, and he war rycht dredand for - to be put to dede. 60 - Gif a Prince may lefully refuse ane othir Prince to pas his voyage - throu his contre but scath. 61 - Quhethir Kirkmen suld pay tailles, tributis, and inposiciouns to - Seclere kingis or princis. 62 - Gif the Kirk may mak were agayne the Jowis. 63 - Gif a Man may ficht for his wyf in armes. 64 - How the ta Brothir may defend the tothir in armys. 65 - Gif a Baron be vassall to twa Lordis that makis weris in syndry - contreis, to quhilk of tham sall he mak seruice till. 66 - And gif a Baron be vassall to twa lordis the quhilkis makis were - ilkane apon othir, quham to sall he mak seruice. 67 - Quhethir Bondis suld be constreynit to the weris. 68 - Quhilk Folk may nocht be stren[gh]eit to mak weris, supposs - thai be chargit. 69 - Gif a Man be hurt sarely be ane othir, and he hurt him agayne, - gif he sal be punyst. 70 - Gif a Man bonde makis slauchter be the bidding of his Lord, - suld he be punyst. 71 - Quhethir a Bonde may defend him again his Lord, and he war sett - to sla him. 72 - Gif a Monk may defend him fra his Abbot, and he wald sett to sla him. 73 - Gif the sone may lefully defend him agayn his fader, and he wald - sla him. 74 - Gif a Man may lefully defend him agayn his awin juge, or nocht. 75 - Gyf a Man be banyst a realm, and happin to cum in agayne be ony cas, - gif men wald set on him, to tak him, quhethir he aucht to - defend him. 76 - Gif a Preste be assailit wyth his inymyes berand Goddis sacrit body - on him, quhethir he aw to lay doun Goddis body, and defend him, - or nocht. 77 - Gif a Man may for mark be prisoner that maid neuer caus bot - for otheris. 78 - How, and in quhat maner, mark suld be tholit or gevin be the Prince. 79 - How suld mark be gevin aganis a Citee that allegis to na soverayne. 80 - Gif all Lordis may graunt markis. 81 - How, or be quhat resoun, may it be steynd that the King of France - be nocht subject to the Empire. 82 - Quhethir gif the King of Ingland be subject ony way to the Empire. 83 - Gif a Burgess haldand change and house at Parise be tane and robbit - be the way cummand to Parise-wart, quhethir he is to be gevin - power of merk to for the gude recouering. 84 - Quhethir a Scolare at the study in Parise of Ingland borne, aw - to be prisonare. 85 - Quhethir a Seruand suld joyse the priuilege that his maister has - lang joisit. 86 - Gyf ane Inglissman cummys to Parise to visyte his sone at the scule, - beand seke, quhethir he aw to be prisoner, or nocht. 87 - Gyf ane Inglissman cummys to Parise to visyte his brother seke at - the scule, quhethir he aw to be prisonare, or nocht. 88 - Quhethir a Studyand may lefully be haldin in prisoun for ony mark. 89 - Quhethir a Wode man may be haldyn presoner and ransound in the weris. 90 - Quhethir a Wode man, efter that he be cummyn again to his wit, - may be haldyn presoner. 91 - Quhethir a passand alde Ancien man, be law of armes, may be haldin - prisonere. 92 - Quhethir a Childe may lefully be tane and haldin presonere be the - law of armes. 93 - Quhethir a Blynd man, be law of armes, may be tane and haldin - presonere. 94 - Quhethir Ambassadouris or Legatis cummand to the King may lede his - inymyes throu his realme with thame, or nocht. 95 - Quhethir a Bischop may be tane presonere be a Franch man, the - Bischop beand of Ingland. 96 - Quhethir a Kirk man may be tane for mark. 97 - Quhethir gif Pilleryns may be maid presoneris be ony maner of weris - of armes. 98 - Quhat thingis in tyme of were has sauf condyt be priuilege unaskit - at the Princis. 99 - Quhethir, in tyme of were, the ass and the ox suld bathe joise - a maner of priuilege. 100 - Quhethir gif the varlet aw to joyce the priuilege of the husbandman. 101 - Quhethir, in tyme of weris, folk may ledder castellis and wallit - townis lefully. 102 - How suld be punyst folk that brekis the Princis sauf condyt, - or his assurancis. 103 - Quhethir a grete Lord suld traist in a sauf condyt, or ony othir - lawar person. 104 - Quhethir gif a Cristin King, Prince, or Emperour, may gif a sauf - condyt till ane othir King, Prince, or Emperoure Sarra[gh]ene. 105 - Gif twa Lordis has made trewis togidder suorne, quhethir gif the - tane brek trewis gif the tothir suld rycht sa brek. 106 - Quhether better be to fecht fastand before mete, or efter mete - quhen men has dronkin. 107 - Quhethir bataill may be set before Ladyes. 108 - Quhethir the Quene Jonat of Naplis mycht lefully assail[gh]ie - the King Lowis de Cicile. 109 - Here previs the Autour playnly how gage of bataill is reprovit - be all maner of lawis. 110 - Here he puttis the case, in the quhilk it is lefull to geve gage - of bataill. 111 - And [gh]it he puttis ane othir case in the quhilk law of armes will - thole gage of bataill. 112 - And [gh]it ane othir case efter the lawis of Lumbardy. 113 - And [gh]it ane othir case efter the law of Lumbardy. 114 - And [gh]it ane othir ease efter the law of Lumbardy. 115 - And [gh]it ane othir case efter the law of Lumbardy. 116 - And [gh]it ane othir efter the law of Lumbardy. 117 - And [gh]it ane othir efter the lawis of Lumbardy. 118 - And [gh]it ane othir case efter the lawis of Lumbardy. 119 - And [gh]it ane othir case efter the law of Lumbardy. 120 - And [gh]it ane othir case efter the law of Lumbardy. 121 - And [gh]it ane othir case efter the law of Lumbardy. 122 - And [gh]it ane othir case efter the law of Lumbardy. 123 - And [gh]it ane othir case efter the said Lawis. 124 - And [gh]it ane othir case efter the law of Lumbardy. 125 - And [gh]it ane othir case efter the law of Lumbardy. 126 - And [gh]it ane othir case efter the said Lawis. 127 - How oft tymes the bataill in listis is nocht done be the principale - persouns bot be otheris. 128 - The form and maner of thair Aithis that suld fecht in barrieris of - close listis in felde. 129 - Gif a man passit age, may put quham him list to campioun to ficht - in barreris for him. 130 - Gif ane of the campiouns brekis his suerd, quhether ane othir suld - be gevin him agayne. 131 - Gif the Lord may nocht knaw the first day quha has the lyklyar, - gif thai suld cum again on the morn, and enter in felde as before: - Quhilk of the twa campiouns suld first stryke. 132 - Gif the vencust man suld pay the costis, thouch the Kyng remytt - his actioun. 133 - Gif a man has bene vencust of ony crime in barreris, gif he may - be accusit in jugement tharof. 134 - Quhethir gif the campiouns may fecht in playne felde, but barreris, - gif thai lykis. 135 - How he suld be punyst that has grantit his crime, and vencust in - barreris opinly. 136 - Gif a Knycht appelis ane othir, quhether gif thai may leue of, and - forthink the appele. 137 - Here, he spekis of Armes and baneris in generale. 138 - Here he spekis of Armes and baneris in specialitee. 139 - Gif a Man may [tak] otheris armes at his lyking. 140 - Gif ane Allemain fyndis a Frenchman berand the samyn armes that - he beris in felde, quhethir gif he may appele him of battaill. 141 - How suld be punyst folk that beris othir mennis armes but leue, - to do tham ony lak. 142 - Here spekis he of colouris in armes, quhilkis are the maist noble; - and of thair diuisiouns. 143 - And first, he spekis of the colour that is rede. 144 - And syne he spekis of asure that is the blewe coloure. 145 - And syne he spekis of the quhite colouris. 146 - And syne he spekis of the colour that is blak. 147 - And syne he spekis of the condicioun and nature of the ordinance - of the closing of the Barreris. 148 - And [gh]it spekis he of the condicioun of the close felde, ordanyt - for fechting in barreris, as said is. 149 - And [gh]it ane othir thrid reule of the condicioun and nature of - close barreris. 150 - And [gh]it spekis he of the ferde condicioun and nature of the close - felde, that is callit barreris. 151 - And [gh]it the fyft doctryne gevis he of the form and maner and - condicioun of the close felde. 152 - And [gh]it the sext doctrine spekis he of the form, maner, and - condicioun of the close barreris. 153 - Here he speris quhat condicioun suld be in a gude Emperoure be - the nature of his hie office. 154 - Quhat thingis appertenis to be in a gude Prince, King, or othir. 155 - - * * * * * - -CAPITULUM CXXXVIII, &c. - -HERE SPEKIS THE DOCTOURE OF ARMES THAT AR IN BLASONS, AND OF BANERIS AND -PENOUNS.[18] - -[Fol. 77. b.] - -Now efter that he has determynit of Bataillis bathe in generale and in -speciale, than will he declare the Armes that all Princis and Nobles and -othir Gentillis aw to were, and of thair colouris, and discripciouns: And -fyrst, Quhethir a man that is nocht of thair lygnie may bere leuefully -thair Armes at his plesaunce? the quhilk mater is nocht lycht to declare, -bot of grete difficultee for mony caussis. And first, men suld vnderstand -that sum Armes was gevin of power of autoritee of Emperouris, Kingis, and -Princis, to Lordis, and otheris Barouns, or to thair predecessouris, the -quhilkis ar of alde tyme, and of alde ancestrye, that nane suld bere, bot -thai war cummyn of that lignie, that is to say, in the realme of the -Emperoure, King, or Prince that gafe the said armes; ffor and the King of -France had gevyn a lyon of gold to bere till a Lord of his contree, quhat -wrang dois that Lord till ane othir Lord of Spaigne or of Almane, that the -Emperoure or the King of Spayne had gevin it till. Bot thare is othir maner -of Armes, the quhilkis ilke man that beris thame, tuke at thair awin -plesance to mak difference and knaulage amang Lordis, Gentilis, and noble -men of armes, to knaw ilk ane be othir. And all namys and surnamys of men -was foundyn ffor the samyn cause. Or ellis all suld haue bene in confusioun -that nane suld haue had knaulage of ane othir. And this name may ilke man -tak, and geue his barne at his awin plesance, or the godfader, or godmoder, -or frendes may geue namys to thair frendis; and rycht sa in the samyn wyse -is it of armes, that in the begynnyng quhen the weris began, till haue sum -defference amang nobles, sik armes was, sum assignit be Princis and Lordis; -sum was tane at the plesance of partye; sum be thair frendis consent and -consale, sa that men of honour and of estate suld be knawin be thair armes, -the quhilkis ar callit thair takenys in armoury. And thus in were tyme, new -men of armes that has nane armes of propertee, may in this wise tak armes -at thair lyking syk as thame lest. Bot nocht to tak nane otheris Armes. - -HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR GIF A MAN MAY TAK ANE OTHERIS ARMES AT HIS LYKING. - -As thus a Man has tane to bere in his Armes a low of gules in a champ of -siluer, ane othir of that ilke toune has tane the samyn efter that he has -it wynteris and [gh]eris. Than speris the questioun, Quhethir the first may -gaynstand this armes and plen[gh]e to the Prince, and ger this be reformyt -and forborne. And first he sais, Nay; ffor quhy ony man may tak lefully, as -before said is, ane othir mannis name, and call his barne in the samyn -toun, ffor it befallis oft tymes that syndry men ar callit be a name in the -samyn toun; and may do it but lak. And quhy then may thai nocht alswele tak -twa ane armes, or thre, or alsmony as lykis. Bot the countre party sais -agayne, That it is a commoun vse and custume in mannis lawe, and approuit -be othir lawis, that quha sa euer may first tak wilde foule, or fysch, or -wylde beste in the wilderness, it is his be the lawe. And than, sen this -noble man has first tane sik a beste, or sik a foule, or sik a fisch, to -bere in his schelde and on his cote of armes, and on his banere, pannoun of -armes, or in blasone apon his heraulde or perseuandis brest, or othir wayis -to paynt in hall or chaumer at his lyking; Quhy suld ony othir tak it -efterwart to bere that war in toune or in the samyn contree, quhare it war -borne? And als it war mare thair scathe na thir prouffit, ffor it wald -quhilom mere men that had grete dedis ado, quhen thai wend to cum to thair -awin maister in werefare, thai mycht fail[gh]e, and othir wayis in syndry -wyse mycht erre in thair dedis that mycht hynder bathe the partis that -nedit nocht, na is na poynt of gude gouernaunce, na gude policy in dedis of -armes: And as langand this questioun the Doctour makis sic a conclusioun, -That gif a gentill man or lord had tane ane armes at his plesance, and -borne it lang tyme opynly kend in dede of armes, and in weris, or othir -wayis in tyme of pes, that it war kyd and knawin till him and his lignage; -Thare aw nane othir in that contree to tak the samyn to bere, na the Prince -na the lord of that contree, suld nocht lat tham bere it on na wise, ffor -than war the principale cause of Armes-taking all forletyn; ffor the -principale cause of Armes-taking is for to knawe the personagis of noble -men in bataill, or in armes, or in tournamentis, or to knawe a lord in -felde be ane othir, with his men, and his frendis and wele willaris suld -draw till him and knawe him be his takin, and sa suld the diuersitee of -armes mak the knaulage of the diuersitee of personnagis; and gif it be -hapnyt ony lorde or othir man to be slayn in felde, and sa manglit that his -visage mycht nocht be knawin, be his cote of armes he suld be knawin and -brocht to Cristin beriss: And alssua, that be the defference of armes euer -furth quhill the warld lestis, men suld knaw be the takynnyng of thair -armes, thair sepulturis quhare thai ar beryit; and quha was in thai tymes -maist honourable and worthy men, as oft tyme men seis apon thair sepulturis -be thair frendis maid efter thaire decesse, and sum be thame self or thai -be dede; be the quhilkis, quhen all the lygnie is failit, and the surname, -[gh]it will the valliance of thame be knawin be thair armes, the quhilkis -in armes are callit Takenis: ffor and syndry lordis or gentilis tuke all -ane armes, or takenis, it was bot a confussioun. And a mare grete resoun -ffor be all gude custumes of noblesse, lordis, and gentilis, makis thair -selis efter thair armes, and gif ane suld bere ane otheris armes in his -sele, men suld nocht wit quhais it war. Item, all Kingis suld kepe that na -man do till othir dishonour, schame, na villany, na injure, na new -novelliteis. And it is to presume, gif ony man wald newly tak ane alde -armes of ane otheris that it war for dispyte or injure to despise him to -prouoke noise and debatis for alde fede or enuy, the quhilk the Prince suld -stanch. And as to the argument, it is na thing lyke till a man to be callit -lyke till ane othir or syndry in a town; For quhy? For sik cause men has -gert geve ilke man his surname that makis the difference. Bot and mony men -bare ane armes, how suld ony man, Haralde, or othir, knaw men, na geve the -honoure of gude dede till him that had honourabily deseruit it, or to geve -lak and dishonour till cowardis or flearis fra bataillis: And tharefore, in -all sik debatis, the Prince suld ger sett remede. And gif ony complaynt -war, se, be Harraldis and men of knawlage, quha had rycht, quha wrang, and -do justice. - -HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOURE GIF A FRANCH KNYCHT SAW A DUCHEMAN OF ALMANE -BERAND HIS ARMES BUT DIFFERENCE, AND HE APPELLIT HIM OF WERE TO FECHT WITH -HIM, OR FORBERE THE ARMES; QUHETHIR AW HE TO BE ADMYTTIT, BE PRINCE, OR -NOCHT TO FEICHT IN BARRIERIS WITH HIM. - -As gif a Knycht of Almane wald cum to see noblesse in France, as -tournamentis or othir wasselage, and that he fand a Knycht in France at the -tournayment, that bare the samyn armes that he beris: And thus he maid -questioun bustously, sayand, He traistit he wrangit him and his lignie to -bere thai armes, sperand, be quhat title of rycht he bare thame? The Knycht -of France ansuerd, sayand, That he traistit that he mycht bere lefully the -takyn of armes that his fader, and forefader, and all his ancestris had of -sa lang tyme borne, that thare was na memorye in the contrarye. The Duche -Knycht replyis agayn, sayand, Gude Sir, suppose your fader and ancestris -haue borne thame sik a tyme, my kyn and ancestris ar of eldare begynnyng na -[gh]ouris, and als ar mare noble of lignie; quharefore, sen [gh]e and -[gh]ouris has tane thame efter us, and [gh]e ar nocht of sa grete noblesse -of alde ancestry, me think [gh]e suld deferr till us, and nocht we to -[gh]ow: Quharefore, I say [gh]e bere thame euill and wrangwisly, and that I -sall preue with my persone. And with that the Franchman sais, That he dois -him na wrang that beris the armes that his ancestres has of sa lang tyme -borne, and that he denyis his wrang, and that sall he defende. Than is this -the question, Quhethir the King aw to geve leve to thir twa Knychtis to -feicht, or nocht? And as to the first visage, it semys thai suld be tholit, -be the resouns that the Duche Knycht allegis. Bot the Doctouris accordis -nocht to that opynion, ffor as we have before said, thai ar nocht of a -realme, na of a Prince haldand, quharfor the Naciouns makis the defference -sufficiand, sa that it war nocht done for despyte, na othir barate; ffor -gif a trauailand Knycht of France had tane sik armes, and he war a wikkit -man, of lyf a tyran, and unhonourable, that mycht defame the armes in ferre -contreis, the Duche Knycht mycht haue sum coloure and resoun tharefor, gif -the Franch Knycht past in Burgone, or Barry, or Lorane, and brynt and -slewe, and reft and forsit women, and had renoun to be a wikkit man of lyf, -and men wist nocht his surname, na of quhat contree he war, and the tothir -Knychtis armes war kend our all thai countreis, and sum men mycht traist -that it war he; and in this cas, the Duche Knycht had resoun to ask him to -be depriuit of his armes at the King of France, and the King to grant it -him, gif the said Duche Knycht and his lignie war approuit men of honour, -and thareapon grant him leue of bataill in listis, as said is, gif him -lykis for the cause, efter the custumes may be tholit. - -HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOURE HOW THAI SULD BE PUNYST THAT BERIS OTHERIS ARMES -WRANGWISELY, IN ENTENCIOUN TO DO MYS VNDER SCOUG OF THAME COUERTLY. - -As gif a Souldiour of symple state tuke the armes of a Knycht Noble of -France that war of gude renoune, bathe in honour of armes, and othir wayes -of alde ancienetee, and that Knycht of Ducheland had tane thai armes newly, -in entent to be mare presit and honourit, and to be hyar auansit, and tak -mare wagis, in faith I traist that the King, at the persuyt and request of -partye, the King aw to punyse him be law of Armes. As in the lyke maner, -gif a maister armoureur of Parise, that had renoun to be the best of that -craft, that war in France, and in his werkis had a takyn that his werkis -were knawin by, and ane othir of Troyes in Champaigne tuke that ilke takyn, -sa that for the renoun of the Parisien, his werkis suld be the better -sauld; and rycht sa of coultellin, or ony othir craft, or of notairis, gif -ane dois falset vnder the sailign of ane othir, I say, all sik men suld be -well and cruelly punyst be justice; and gif the contrary war tholit, it war -grete damage to the realme. - -HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOUR QUHAT ARMES AR MAIST NOBLE BE THE COLOURIS, AND -QUHAT COLOURIS AR MAIST NOBLE IN ARMES. - -Bot be cause the Princis and Lordis beris Armes of mare noblesse na -otheris; and that the Doctouris has spokyn in othir tymes, and othir -placis, of Princis armes, and of thair baneris, quharefore I will nocht -here mak questioun, na dout the quhilk armes are the maist noblez and the -maist rychez; ffor quhy, that alwayis comparisoun is odious.[19] Bot it -plesis me to speke sum thing of Colouris of Armes, and of thair -descripciouns. And as the Doctour sais, that sum of thame is mare noble na -otheris, for the representatioun that thai mak be thair propre nature, and -be this cause, we say, that colour of Gold is the maist noble colour that -is in this warld here; and the resoun quhy is, ffor be the nature of gold, -it is clere and schynand, rich, vertuouse, and confortand; ffor oure -Maisteris, Doctouris, and Medicinaris, and Philosophouris, gevis the gold -in syndry wise in medicyne to folk that ar debilitez in thair nature, that -thai can get nane othir remede for souerane remede; and is lyknyt be his -condicioun and nature to the Sonne, the quhilk is the maist noble planet -that euer God maid, and beris lycht till all the warld, and encrescement -and confourt till all naturale creaturis. And the lawis sais, that of all -things that God maid, the claritee and licht is the maist noble; and, -tharefore, the Haly Wrytt sais, that the sanctis in hevyn schynis as the -sonne; and alssua oure Souerane Lord, quhen he transfigurit him before his -Apostlis, his visage apperit to thame as the Sonne in someris day brycht: -And because the Gold is comperit to the Sonne, as the propre effect of the -Sonne, the quhilk is king and lord of all planetis, and alssua is figurit -be Haly Wrytt be the visage of our Lord; and be that cause the ancien -Princis, in ald lawis of armes, ordanyt that na noble man suld bere gold in -his armes, bot Princis, Kingis, and Emperouris, for the nobless of him: And -thus conclude we, that the maist noble coloure is Gold. And suppose sum -ignorant men wald say, gold is metalle, and na coloure, that makis nocht; -ffor largely to tak colouris, be all oure Maisteris and Philosophouris, all -metallis, all low and lychtnes, that lemys and gevis sycht to the eyne, is -of the nature of colouris. - - - -The Secound coloure that is in Armoury, is callit be thir maisteris Purpre; -the quhilk he callis here Rede colour; the quhilk representis the lowe of -Fyre, the quhilk is the maist clere, and lycht efter the Sonne, and the -maist noble of all the elementis; the quhilk colour suld nane in armes -were, bot anerly Kingis or Princis, be the alde custumes of Princis and -Faderis of Armes, of alde tymes. - - - -The Thrid colour is Asure; the quhilk, be his figure and coloure, -representis the Ayer, the quhilk is next the fyre, the maist noble element; -ffor it is in itself lignie and sutile, and penetratys, ressauand the lycht -throu it, and hable till rassaue all influences of the planetis and of the -hevynly constellaciouns of nature, throw the quhilkis all this Erde is -gouernyt, and all Nature: and sum callis the coloure A[gh]ure, hafand the -colour of the firmament, sayand, that Asure is a hevynly colour, it makis -not: ffor thare is bot lytill betuene, nocht than the lift is nocht -colourit. - - - -Ane othir coloure is the Quhyte coloure, the quhilk next the Asure is the -maist noble coloure that was countit in Armoury in ancien cronikis, because -that it is maist nere the nature of lycht and claritee; and for the -clereness of it, it is signyfyit to the vertu of puritee, of clenesse, and -innocence, and sympilness: And as to that the Haly Scripture sais, that the -clethingis of Jhesu Crist apperit ay to thame of quhite colour as snaw; and -this coloure of quhite representis the Water, the quhilk efter the Aire is -the maist noble element. - - - -Ane othir colour is in Armoury that callit is Blak; the quhilk representis -the Erde, and be it is signyfyit dolour, ffor it is ferrest fra lichtness -and claritee that betakenis blythnes, and cummys nerest to myrknesse; and -tharefore, quhen ony peple or folk will mak dule for ony of thair frendis -dede, or in ony bataill tynt, or othir grete misauenture, men makis thair -dule in that clething; ffor it is the lawest of degree of all the four -elementis, and is signifyit be it humilitee. And for that cause, in -takenyng of humilitee, the religiouse men ar cled in blak wede, commonly to -schawe mekenes in hert, and put away all lust of vanitee, and vane glore -warldly. - -PRIMA REGULA BELLI CLAUSTRALIS. - -HERE SCHAWIS THE DOCTOUR CERTANE THINGIS AND DOCUMENTIS TOUCHAND CLOSE -BATAILL, THAT WE CALL BATAILL IN LISTIS. - -And first, be cause that close bataill is rycht perilouse and mysty to be -jugit be ignorant men, that ar nocht instruct in the lawis, myn advys is, -that thare suld na Prince, na Lord, hald felde of bataille in Listis, bot -gif he had gude wise counsale of wele vnderstandand men of lawe; that is -for to say, of Doctouris in Canoun and Ciuile, to geve him gude counsale: -ffor commounly the casis ar sa subtile to juge, that Seclere men for -couatise and auarice of warldis wyn, gevis oft tyme counsale to Princis -that soundis mare to the desyre of wynnyng of warldis gude, na it dois to -resone or to rychtwise querele; and als thai wate quhat casis ar in the -lawis condampnyt vtterly, and reprouit, and quhat casis ar tholit and -permysit at the plesance of Princis; and wate alssua, quhat casis ar -priuilegit in the law quhilk nocht; and the lawis sais, That Aduocatis ar -procuratouris of mannis lignage. And ane othir resoun quhy I haue sett this -reugle is, ffor commonly the Clerkis ar mare sad of counsale, and mare -caulde of complexion, and mare temperit in thair curage, and ferrar can se -in the ground of a mater na Secleris; ffor Seclaris ar hate of blude, and -in ire, and oft tymes thai geve thair counsale and jugement again resoun, -with the wrang outhir for fede or frendschip, luferent, or haterent, or for -mede, or for ire, or breth, or othir singulare appetite, for honour or -richess, or lordschip or reddoure or otheris. And erar ar inclynyt to mak -were, na trety and concorde; and to ger bataill in barrieris be, na to -sloke it, and appese it; ffor ire lettis the mannis mynde to juge and -determe veritee. - -SECUNDA REGULA BELLI CLAUSTRALIS. - -HERE DECLARIS THE DOCTOUR ANE OTHIR REUGLE AND DOCTRYNE APON THE -GOUERNAUNCE OF CLOSE BATAILL. - -That nocht gaynstandand that be malice or hete, woodnes, ramage, or pride -orguillouse, or be inclinacioun, auaricius appellacioun of bataill be maid, -and the party ressauis the gage of bataill, the Prince suld be wise in his -audience geving, and of gude tholemudenes, to suetely here the cause that -the Appelloure chalangis the appelland of; and wele copy and vnderstand all -the mater before, or he geve his consent, and gif the cause movis of dett -or of fede, or of ony othir singular cause he suld call counsale, and -inquere how and quhare, and in quhat place, and for quhat cause, and of -quhat tyme, and all the circumstancis, and gif the Prince may be ony way -get knawlage of other pruf or witnes, or othir pruf be instrument or -obligacioun, or to draw out of the party be inquisicioun or confessioun, -and othir maner of prufis. And gif the Prince may persaue be ony way that -ony knaulage may be gottyn be ony way of the warld, the Prince suld nocht -thole passe bataill. Or suppose na witnes war, bot anerly that the party -allegit witnes, [gh]it suld he assigne day till produce thai prufis before -the justice ordinare; ffor quhen pruf is offerit, or allegit, all wage of -bataill is slokit, be all lawis of canon and of ciuile. - - - -To the Thrid reugle and doctrine of battaill in Listis is this: That the -Prince in na case suld juge bataill to be, bot quhare thare is na prufis -allegit na producit, and that is law commoun and reasonnable custum; bot he -sall suere, be his faith, that his cause can nocht be prufit in na way bot -be his persoun. - - - -he Ferde doctrine teching and reugle of bataill in barrieris is: That a -Prince suld haue gude counsale to ger propone before him the maner of the -appellacioun, and the cause and occasiouns that the Appellour allegis in -his appellacioun, and gif him thinkis resonnable the cause of the -appellacioun, he suld admytt thame to the bataill; and gif thai war nocht -resonnable, sloke it out, and geue na consent tharetill, na tholaunce; ffor -gif fulis, throu thair foly, be sa daft that thai wage bataill for lytill, -evyn as to say, Quhethir growis better wynnis in Burgoyne or in Gascoyne? -or, Quhethir is thare fairar ladyes in Florence or in Barsalongne? or, In -quhat countree is thare best men of armes, in France or in Lombardy? And -the ta-part cast gage of bataill on the tothir, apon thir grete weris of -lawe; or to say, his hors runnys fastar na his; or, That his hors is better -na his, or syk lyke thing; or, That he lusis his lady better na he dois; -or, That he dancis or syngis better na he dois, or for syk maner of -tromperys; a Prince suld nocht juge na thole bataill to be, bot he suld, -before the peple, in presence of his counsall, punyse syk trompouris, that -otheris tuke ensample thareby in tyme to cum, to gage bataill for sik fule -causis. - - - -The Fyft doctrine is: That for na wordis of hete, and sudane ire of chaude -cole or of chaude mellencoly, na injuriouse langage, thare suld na Prince -thole na consent gage of bataill in listis to pas; for wordis may be said -for hete, or for brethe, or for gude wyne, or othir wayis in lichtnes, that -sone efter he may repent: bot and the wordis be injurious and -dishonourable, crimynouss or defamatouris, and he perseuere in his -outrageous langage, and lykis nocht till amend; bot stand in his purpos -efter that the ire salbe past, ellis the Prince suld nocht juge bataill to -be: ffor gif he dois, he jugis again the Lawis writtin opynly. - - - -The Sext doctrine is: That because thare is sum men sa hichty hautayn and -orguillous and full of surquedry, that thai haue na traist, na fyaunce in -God na his Sanctis, bot in thair awin propre pyth and vertu of corps and -strenth of membris; na has na will; na thocht on God to mend thair -mysdedis; na to tak counsale at gude men of lyf and deuocion; na to mak -gude ordynaunce for thame self, suppose the Prince suld the bataill to be -tholit to be done to the vtterest: And tharfore the King suld assigne -certane day of bataill and houre to the Appelloure, and he suld ger schaw -him the grete perile in the quhilk he puttis him in baith of body and of -saule, and monyse him, and exhort him on Goddis behalf, that all before -that euer he schape him for horse, harnais, na othir prouision for the -bataill, that first he schape him to se for a gude Confessour, that be a -gude wise clerke, wele letterit and wele instruct in the faith, and of gude -counsale and conscience, that he may discharge his conscience to, and -schrive him wele, and put his saule first in gude estate, and his gudein -ordinance, as he wald mak his testament to ga to dede, and as wyse man aw -to do: Quhilk gif he dois nocht, the King suld say him, "That sen he -traistit nocht in Goddis help, he suld nocht traist that he war a gude -Cristyn man, and that he suld haue the lesse fauour of him;" and than suld -he ordane him a term within quhilk he suld put him in gude estate of the -saule to Godwart, and syne spere, how thai had done at thair Confessoure, -and sa suld he do to the tothir: And this is a takyn that a Prince is wyse, -and lufis wele God, that begynnis at him to dispone all his gouernance and -dedis. - - * * * * * - -[Fol. 81. b.] - -HERE SPERIS THE DOCTOURE QUHAT THINGIS EFFERIS TILL ALL GUDE PRINCE TO DO - -As now sen he hes sum part declarit quhat properteis suld be in ane -Emperoure, now will he declare quhat properteis a gude King suld haue in -him: that is the maist hye dignitie efter the Emperoure. And [gh]it will -oure maisteris saye that the name of King is mare na the name of Emperoure -be excellence; ffor oure Lord Jhesu Crist in this erde here callit him -nocht Emperoure, bot tholit to be callit King of Kingis and Lord of Lordis, -as our Haly Writt beris witness. And alssua he was callit a Kingis Sone: -ffor he is callit in Haly Writt the Sone of David King; and that sais -Clerkis that he is of Kingis be the grettar excellence of lynage. And -[gh]it alssua Sanct Peter menyt to his teching, that the name of King was -mare excellent na the name of Emperoure, quhen he said till his disciples, -That thai suld be subgettis till all creature humayne for the honoure of -God [gh]our King, and specially till all Kingis for the honoure of him, as -to the hiest degree and maist excellent. And this approues the Pape -Gelasius, &c. - - * * * * * - -[Fol. 83. b.] - -And trewly I say, and he kepe wele thir termes, he is a worthy Prince, and -worthy to be a King, and till haue superioritee and soueranitee, and -victory of his fais. And tharefor the Doctour settis here certane poyntis -of doctrine touchand a [gh]ong Prince, in Ryme, quhilkis spekis thus: A -King that will be ane worthy werryoure, he sulde be wiss, faire, and -curageous: And that he be Lord of his subjectis, asto the Quaile the -Sperehauk; and that he be misericorde and rigorouss in justice, as case -requeris; and that gif he will be wele fortunyt in armes, be ay first. - - * * * * * - -[Fol. 84. b.] - -Item, a Prince or a King suld nocht oure lichtly trow all talis na sudayn -tydingis; ffor mony learis oft tymes flechis lordis with false talis, and -settis thame in wrang and euill purpose. And that is oure grete perile in -princis and grete lordis, to geue sudane credence till ony mannis tale, -quhill he war wele informyt of the suthfastnes: And he suld be wele and -ryply avisit, or that he write to the Pape ony materis, or till ony strange -Princis, for ony lycht mennis counsailis, or ony small wrechit mannis. And -quhen he wrytis, his writtis suld be wele and statelyke deuisit, and dytit -be wise Clerkis, and men of counsale, and expert in the lawis and purpose -lyke, and syne be notable gude wrytaris as efferis; bathe to the ryaltee of -him that sendis the writtis, and of him that thai wryttis ar send to; and -suld wele auise for quham he wrytis, that thai be worthy persouns, and -alssua for quhat thing he wrytis; that it be nocht a wrechit thing that he -wrytis for; and als that his peticioun be bathe rychtwise and honourable; -ffor quhen Princis prayis for vnworthy persouns, God is offendit and -displesit thareat. And syne the Pape or Princis that he wryttis till, will -hald him for ane vnwise Prince that the lettres send for sik a persone, and -will nocht sa gladly grant him his asking in tyme to cum. And thus sall the -renoun of a Prince pas oure all the Cristyndome, and geue him lofe and -honour that excedis all warldis richess, throu the quhilk he sal be prisit -and redoubtit bathe with fais and frendis, and haldin for wise Prince; and -syne sall he be lufit of God, and wyn throu that the joy of Paradise. - -And [gh]it mare, suld a King be temperit and messurit in his conuersacioun, -and repair amang folk, in placis public, our oft tymes; ffor ony thing that -Commouns seis oure oft thai prise all the lesse. And quhen it is seldyn -sene it gevis folk in mare grete desyre to se it agayne ay mare and mare; -and for this cause the grete Souldane of Babilone cummys bot thrise in the -[gh]ere in publik audience furthwart, and than quhen he cummys furthwart, -on thre festuale dayes, he cummys rydand with sik a state and solempnitee -that all the peple desyris and presses the mare to se him, na he rade euery -day, or euery wolk or moneth; bot gif it be quhen that he rydis in -werefare, and than all his peple and cheualrye may se him. - - - -And suppose I mycht [gh]it compile and gader togedir mony Vertues and -properteis that suld be in a Prince, and als mony thingis of Mysgouernaunce -that he suld eschew: Bot in gude faith the Doctour sais, that he was sa -irkit of wryting, that he mycht nocht as now na mare tak on hand as to put -in this Buke of Bataillis; bot and God geve him lyve dayes, he sais, in his -conclusioun of his Buke, he sall compile a Trety of propereteis of Gude -Condiciouns bathe of Temparale men and of men of Kirk, that sall be gude -and prouffitable for all men, that on lukis bathe langand the gouernaunce -of thair office and digniteis, as may be compylit be the foundement of Haly -Writt, and efter the Lawis writtyn. Bot here he prayis to God mekely that -he send grace and gude gouernaunce to the Prince that he has compilit this -wrytt for, and maid this Buke till, that is to say King Philip[20] of -Fraunce, and geue him grace sa to reule his realme, and his ryall magestee -and estate, that God be payit of him, and bring him till his euerlestand -joye of Paradise at his ending, and all his frendis and wele willaris. IN -NOMINE PATRIS, ET FILII, ET SPIRITUS SANCTI. AMEN. - - - -_Explicit Liber Bellorum, sed potius Dolorum, ut rescitat Doctor in -pluribus, etc._ - -[Decoration] - -No. II. - -HERE BEFORE ENDIS THE BUKE OF BATAILLES, AND HERE EFTER BEGYNNYS - -THE BUKE OF THE ORDERE OF KNYCHTHEDE. - -[THIS PORTION OF THE MANUSCRIPT, FROM FOL. 85, TO FOL. 103, IS CONTAINED IN -THE PRESENT VOLUME.] - -[Decoration] - -No. III. - -[Fol. 103. b.] - -HERE ENDIS THE BUKE OF THE ORDRE OF KNYCHTHEDE; AND BEGYNNIS THE BUKE -CALLIT - -THE BUKE OF THE GOUERNAUNCE OF PRINCIS, ETC. - -HERE BEGYNNYS THE TABLE OF THE BUKE OF THE GOUERNAUNCE OF PRINCIS. - -And first of the Prolog of the first fyndyng, and interpretacioun of the -said Buke out of diuerse langagis, etc. - -Item, Of the first Pistle fend fra Alexander till Arestotil to ask him -counsale of the Gouernaunce of Perse new conquest; and of the form of the -Epistle, and of his Ansuere. - -Item, Of ane othir of the Ansueris of Aristotle till Alexander; and the -forme of the Epistle send fra Aristotle of his opynion. - - The First chapiter is, How thare is four maneris of Kingis. 1 - How auarice and fule largess suld be eschewit in a King. 2 - How Princis and Kingis suld sett them for gude renoun here. 3 - How thai suld eschew all outrageous carnall lustis and appetitis. 4 - Quhat kynde of sapience efferis to Kingis, Princis, and grete Lordis. 5 - Quhatkyn habyt anournement and clething thai suld haue. 6 - How Kingis and Princis suld punyse mysdoaris, and honour gude men. 7 - How thai suld haue in thame justice and equitee with merci. 8 - Quhatkyn plesance, deduytis, and recreaciouns Princis suld tak. 9 - How punycioun suld be maid efter the case and state of persons. 10 - How Princis may be lyknyt to the dew of the hevyn. 11 - How Kingis and Princis are of the samyn nature with symple men. 12 - How thai suld delyte thame in bukis of stories of Vertues and Vicis, - and of othir honourable dedis of alde Ancestry, and of wisedome. 13 - How thai sulde kepe gude faith and lautee till all Mankynde euer. 14 - How Princis suld found scolis and studyes of sciences in thair - contreis. 15 - How thai suld nocht gouerne thame be women, na trow thair counsale. 16 - How thai suld nocht traist anerly in a medicine, but ma. 17 - How Princes suld gouerne thame be a wyse Clerk, expert in astronomy. 18 - Off the science of astronomy, and of the divisioun of it. 19 - How Princis suld atoure all thing tak kepe to thair hele. 20 - How and in quhat maner thai suld gouerne thair hele keping. 21 - Here declaris the Philosophour certane documentis of medicyne. 22 - Here declaris the Philosophour certane secrete documentis of medicyne. 23 - Here declaris he the four rathis of the [gh]ere, and first of Ver. 24 - And first of the kynde of the sesoun of Somer. 25 - And syne of the third sesoun that is callit Hervist. 26 - And syne of the nature of the Wynter. 27 - Quhat thingis fattis or lenys men maist. 28 - Here declaris the Philosophour ane othir poynt of medicyne. 29 - Quhat kyndis of metis ar best for man. 30 - Off syndry kyndis of wateris, and thair naturis. 31 - Off syndry kyndis of wynis, and thair naturis. 32 - Off bathis and stuphis [stoves], and thair gouernaunce and proffittis. 33 - Quhat justice efferis till a Prince or a King. 34 - How a Prince or a King suld ken himself. 35 - How Kingis and Princis suld gouerne be grete counsale. 36 - How the Man is maid of the four elementis. 37 - How Princis suld haue discrete Secretaris. 38 - How thai suld have discrete and traist messageris. 39 - How the Prince and the Peple are comperit till a gardyn. 40 - -EXPLICIT TABULA DE REGIMINE PRINCIPUM. - -HERE BEGYNNIS THE BUKE CALLIT THE BUKE OF THE GOUERNANCE OF PRINCIS, THAT -IS CALLIT THE SECRETE OF SECRETIS, MAID BE ARISTOTYLL TILL ALEXANDER THE -GRAND: AND FIRST THE PROLOUG AS IT IS CONTENYT IN THE FRANCH BUKE. - -PROLOGUS. - -Here declaris the Autour of this Buke that a clerk, callit Fair Patrix, -wyse in all langagis fand in Grece, kepit within a temple, callit the -Temple of the Sonne, (the quhilk the noble philosophour Esculapius had gert -mak,) this Buke of the Secretis of Aristotle in language of Grew; the -quhilk he translatit out of Grew in the langage of Caldee, the quhilk was -quhilom the langage of grete Babyloyne, and now is the langage of grete -Inde; and syne, at request of the King of Araby, he translatit it off the -langage of Caldee in his langage of Arrabyk. And syne, efter that mony a -[gh]ere, ane othir grete clerk, callit Philippus, translatit it out of -Arabyk in lang Latyne, and send it till ane reuerend Fader in Crist, and -wyse prelate, noble and honourable Sir Guy de Valance, Bischop of Tryploun: -And as beris witness be thair alde ancien stories, the worthy and noble -Philosophouris in thay tymes, that als lang as Alexander le Grant had with -him Aristotil the wyse clerk, he passit throuch and vencust all realmes, -and all his inymyes, throu the mekle prudence and wisedome of that noble -Philosophour and throu his counsale. And quhen he mycht no mare trauaile -with him, he send him ay betuene Lettres and Epistlis, how he suld gouerne -him in all his dedis and grete materis. And at the last, quhen he saw he -mycht nocht for elde langsumely be nature left, he compilit this Buke to be -a reugle of Gouernaunce till him euer mare quhill he lyvit, and send it -till him with grete regrate and lamentacioun, that he mycht no mare be with -him, sa mekle he lufit him, for cause he was his Maister and his techour -euer fra his begynnyng of barnehede till that tyme, and with him in his -conquestis. And syne was this ilke Buke translatit out of Latine in the -langage of Romaine, nocht all hallely bot alsmekle as thame thocht nedefull -and spedefull to the Gouernance of Princis. And tharfore the noble -Philosophour said in his counsale geving till Alexander, that it was nocht -spedefull that this Buke war till all men publist, bot anerly to the -secrete counsale of Princis, and of grete Lordis, and nocht to Commouns; -and to rede it oft tymes before thame, to tak, as myrour schawis the -faultis and the suthfastnes, ensample, and doctrine of gude lyfing, and -formable as efferis to thair honour and prouffit, and of thair subjectis. -For it is nocht spedefull that popularis wit the secrete of Princis, na -Lordis gouernance, na the reuglis of thair Ordre; and thairfor is the Buke -callit THE SECRETE OF SECRETIS OF ARISTOTIL, ordanyt for document and -teching of Gouernance of Princis. - - - - HERE DECLARIS HE HOW ARISTOTLE RESSAUIT A PISTLE SENT FRA ALEXANDER - till him in his grete age, to ask counsale, quhen he had conquest - Perse, Quhethir he suld destroy and sla all the folk of that land, and - peple it with others? because that thay war perilouse to gouerne, and - subtile, and full of mychti maliciouse engyne of conquest, for the - quhilk he dred thair subtile malice. - -FORMA EPISTOLE ALEXANDRI REGIS MAGNI AD ARISTOTILEM. - -Till ane maist noble and worthy Lord of Justice, I signify to thy prudence, -that I haue foundyn in the land of Perse a kynde of folk rycht haboundand -in richess, and of lytill vnderstanding, settand thair study to mak -conquestis of realmes, and desyrand till haue lordschip atour othir men; -ffor the quhilk cause, that we can nocht fynd to be seker of thame, we haue -tane to purpose to put thame all to dede; bot bydand to haue thy counsale -thareto, be wrytt in lettres; the quhilk counsale we will kepe and fulfill -at the vtterast. - -HERE FOLLOWIS THE ANSUERE OF ARISTOTIL TILL ALEXANDER IN EPISTIL. - -Alexander, gif thou may change the nature of the erde, the water, and the -aire of that regioun, and the disposicioun of the citeis of the landis of -Perse, than counsale I that thou do thy will hardily; and gif thou may -nocht do as foresaid is, sla thame nocht, bot gouerne thame in all -gudelynes, with clemence, benignitee, and sueteness, put honour to thaim, -and graciously demayne thame in graciouse justice and equitee; the quhilk -gif thou dois, I traist, that with the grace of God, that thai sal be gude -subjectis to the, and sall gouerne thame at thy plesaunce and commandement: -ffor than for the lufe that thai sall haue to the for thy nobless, thou -sall haue the dominacioun apon thame with peis and tranquilitie. - - - -The quhilkis lettres the Prince ressauit with benignitee, and fulfillit his -counsale vtterly; throu the quhilkis thingis the peple of Perse gafe sik a -luferent till Alexander, that thai lufit him better, and was mare obeysand -till him, na ony othir pepele of ony of his othir conquestis. - - - - HERE FOLLOWIS A PISTLE SEND FRA ARISTOTIL TILL ALEXANDER excusand him - for sore elde and waykenes he mycht na mare byde with him na hald the - court; and tharfore he send him a Regement in wrytt, how and in quhat - maner he suld gouerne him ay furth; the quhilk begynnis in this maner - as efter folowis:-- - -ALEXANDER, faire Sone, gloriouss Emperour, the Souerane preciouss God -Almychty mot confirme the, and send the knaulege to fauour the wayis of -vertu, and of veritee, and that he wald refreyne in the all bestiale -appetitis, and that he wald illumyn thyne engyne, and conferme thy spirit -of thy gouernaunce till his honour and service, honourably to be ressauit -as efferis. And I have vnderstandin, how thou desyris that I war with the; -and that thou sais thou art amaruailit that I may abstene fra thy presence; -thinkand that I am not sa besy and diligent of thy gouernaunce as I was -wont to be: And be this cause I haue vndertane to make litil Reugles callit -Cannonet, that is to say, A lytil buke, the quhilk salbe as a balaunce in -the quhilk thou sall payss all thy werkis in; and to be a supplee to the in -my absence, rycht as I war present: &c. - - * * * * * - -XL.--CAPITULUM. - -[Fol. 129.] - -HERE DECLARIS THE NOBLE PHILOSOPHOUR HOW THAT THE SUBJECTIS OF PRINCIS THAT -AR THE VPHALD OF THE WARLDE, AR COMPERIT TILL A FAIRE GARDYN, OR TILL A -LORDIS TRESOURE, AND THAT THAI SULD BE KEPIT AS TRESOURE. - -Alexander, faire Sone, [gh]it will I that thow witt, that thy subjectis -suld be kepit as thy tresouris, ffor thai ar thy tresoure. For thai may be -comperit till a Lord that has a faire and gude gardyn quhare thare is grete -quantitee of fruyte treis, herbis, and othir gresis, richess, and nedefull -till mannis behufe, the quhilkis [gh]erely and contynualy beris grete -plentee of fruytis for mannis sustenaunce quhen thai ar well grathit, -scroubbit, and demaynit, and wele gudit, kepit, sustenit, and gouernyt at -rycht, and suld be wele sene to, and socourit at thair nedis. And kepit -wele in gude reugle of justice and saufit fra injuris and oppressins, and -that thare be bot thou allane gardener upon thame, and nocht mony maister -gardenaris; ffor quhare mony maister gardeneris ar the gardyn is nocht -commounly all prouffitably gouernyt, the quhilk suld be of gude gouernaunce -that stent him nocht to spill thy treis, na gader thy fruytis, that is to -say, thy subjectis gudis wrangwisely; and sa may thy realme left, and be -wele defendit and conseruit, sa that thou kepe the nocht to haue mony -dispensaris in thy gardyn, that is thy realme. Ffor quhy, for couatise and -gredynes of thy fruytis, thar may enter corrupcioun in thy gardyn, and syne -apon thyself, quhen ilk ane pressis oure otheris to be masteris of thi -gudis, and of thy counsaile, and thi gouernaunce. Bot thare is mony that -will hecht and say thai sall do wele, and quhen thai mount in gouernaunce -thai do all othir wayis. And sum corrumpis be giftis and hechtis Princis -Counsailouris, and peruertis all gude gouernaunce throu thair gredyness of -gudis, gevand giftis to Lordis of the Counsale for to maneteine thame lang -in thaire officis and in thaire malicis. And traist wele, ALEXANDER, that -thy Peple and thy Barouns, thy Bacheleris and thy Commons ar the stuf and -the multiplicacioun and furnyssing of thy realme, and be thame mon thou be -crownyt, and thy croun vphaldyn and mayntenyt, and be thai nocht throu the -manetenyt and sustenyt in thair rychtis and richess, thai will nocht lufe -the, na honoure the, na tho court, na help to sustene thyne estate; ffor -bot gyf thou mak thaim cause to be fyablez and traist to the, and thy -worschip and prouffit, and to hald lufe and lautee betuix the and thy -peple, thou fall neuer be seker na seure a day in thy realme. And will thou -vmbethink the wele of all that I haue said, and gouerne the efter my deuise -and counsale beforesaid, thou sal be haldyn as wyse and worthy King, and -doubtit and lufit of thy peple, and of all otheris: And thou sall cum aboue -of all thyne vndertakingis and desyris: Quhilkis gif thou faillis to do, -thou sall se that thare sall cum greuouse mischeif and mysfortune, bathe -upon the and thy realme, and thy gouernaunce, and it sall nocht be in thy -powar to sett remede, na thou can nocht, na may nocht estymy the paynis -that suld be injunct to the tharfore. Bot here I pray hertfully to the hye -and mychty God, makare of Hevyn and Erde, to geue the grace, as he is -gudely Gouernoure of Hevin and Erde, and of all the Warlde to gouerne the -sa in vertu and in veritee, in justice and leautee, that God and man be -payit of the end: And rycht sa mote it be of oure worthy King, and -graciouse Prince, and all his welewillaris, I pray to God Almichti, IN -NOMINE PATRIS ET FILII, ET SPIRITUS SANCTI. Amen. - -EXPLICIT LE GOUERNEMENT DES PRINCES. - -[Decoration] - - * * * * * - - -NOTES. - -[1] Dunbar's Poems, by Laing, vol. i. pp. 42, 214, Edin. 1834, 2 vols. post -8vo. - -[2] This work extends to 3 volumes in folio. Vol. I. was published at -Edinburgh in 1708; Vol. II. in 1711; Vol. III. in 1722. This volume -contains a List of nearly 600 Subscribers. On the title of a MS. which -belonged to Robert Myln, the Genealogist, he makes a reference to a Life of -Dr Thomas Reid, among "the schedules of Dr Mackenzie's 4th Volume of -Lives." Whether such "schedules" still exist, is uncertain. - -[3] Dr George Mackenzie, was born on the 10th December 1669. He was the son -of the Hon. Colin Mackenzie, second son of George, second Earl of Seaforth, -and of Jean, daughter of Dr Robert Laurie, Bishop of Brechin. He died at -Fortrose, on the 28th November 1725.--(Caledonian Mercury, Dec. 16, 1725.) - -[4] The last three leaves contain a transcript of two articles unconnected -with the rest of the volume, viz.--"The Ordour of the processioun and -bering of the Sacrament in Antuarpe the first day of Junij the [gh]eir of -God I^m V^c lxij." And a Letter or Testimonial from Thomas Bishop of Orknoy -in 1446, addressed to the King of Norwege, respecting the Genealogy of -William of Sanctclare, Erle of Orchadie, &c. (the ancestor of the St Clairs -of Roslin,) "Translatit out of Latin into Scottis, be me, Deine Thomas -Gwld, Monk of Newbothill," in the year 1554. - -[5] Les Manuscrits Francois de la Bibliotheque du Roi: par A. Paulin Paris, -vol. v. p. 103. - -[6] See Lewis's Life of Caxton, p. 81. - -[7] Catalogue des Livres imprimes sur Velin, de la Bibliotheque du Roi, -tome iii. p. 81. - -[8] Edinburgh, 1801, p. 65. - -[9] In Maidment's Analecta Scotica, vol. ii. p. 1, is a curious Indenture -betwixt Sir William the Hay, Knight, Lorde of the Nauchtane, and Alan of -Kynnarde Lord of that ilke, and Dame Mary of Murray his wife, for the -marriage of their children, dated 7th December 1420. - -[10] At a latter period, among the Determinants at St Andrews, in 1449, we -find "Gilbertus Hay, cujus bursa, viij^s. vj^d;" and again "M. Gilbertus -Hay," as having taken his degree as a Licentiate in 1451. But this -obviously could not have been Sir Gilbert Hay. In the "Compot. Magist. -Roberti Pantre receptoris facultatis arcium anni [M.CCCC.]LII. datum iiii^o -die Decembris," at the end of a long list of contributions is this -entry--"Item, per Magistrum Gilbertum Hay, xxv^s. Debitor Thomas Hay -licentiatus, frater ejusdem Gilberti." The name of Thomas Hay stands first -in the list of Licentiates in 1452-3. - -[11] Genealogie of the Sainteclaires of Rosslyn, by Father Richard Augustin -Hay, p. 26. Edin. 1835, 4to. - -[12] Lord Hailes's Additional Case of the Countess of Sutherland, pp. 110, -128. - -[13] Genealogie of the Sainteclaires of Rosslyn, p. 91-98. - -[14] "Extracts from The Buike of King Alexander the Conquerour, a -Manuscript in the Library at Taymouth Castle." (1831). 4to. Privately -printed by the Secretary of the Bannatyne Club. - -[15] See _supra_, page 1. - -[16] The Number of the Chapters, in both the Second and Third Parts or -Books, are omitted in the Original Manuscript. - -[17] In the MS. the Numbers of the Chapters in this Fourth Part, are -marked, Primum Capitulum, II. Ca^m., III. Ca^m. &c. - -[18] Although each chapter at the beginning is marked with a rubric, the -number of the chapter is not given in the Original Manuscript. The -following selection will be found to differ somewhat in the divisions, but -it represents the whole portion of the Manuscript which corresponds with -the titles of chapters 138 to 153, in the preceding Table; along with the -conclusion of the Work. - -[19] In the original, "Car toutes comparaisons sont haynneuses." - -[20] [It will be observed, that in the Prologue or dedication, at page 64, -this "Buke" was addressed by the Author to Charles the Sixth, King of -France.] - - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's The Buke of the Order of Knyghthood, by Ramon Llull - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BUKE OF ORDER OF KNYGHTHOOD *** - -***** This file should be named 43365.txt or 43365.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/3/3/6/43365/ - -Produced by Delphine Lettau, Keith Edkins and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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