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diff --git a/42713-0.txt b/42713-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4682850 --- /dev/null +++ b/42713-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,18487 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of King Horn, Floriz and Blauncheflur, The +Assumption of Our Lady, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: King Horn, Floriz and Blauncheflur, The Assumption of Our Lady + +Author: Various + +Editor: J. Rawson Lumby + George H. McKnight + +Release Date: May 15, 2013 [EBook #42713] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KING HORN, FLORIZ, BLAUNCHEFLUR *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope, David Starner, JackMcJiggins and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + +[Transcriber’s note: + +This text includes characters that require UTF-8 (Unicode) file +encoding: + + Ȝ ȝ (yogh) + ħ (h with stroke) + łł (l with slash, see below) + ā ē ī ō ū ȳ ǣ (vowels with macron or “long” mark) + ẹ̄ ę̄ and ǭ ọ̄, each representing open/closed pairs + e͞o (eo with shared macron) used as a stand-in for e᷍o + +If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if +the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the +apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, +make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set +to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font. As a +last resort, use the Latin-1 version of the file instead. + +Combinations such as ȳ̆ (y with breve and macron) or ọ̄ (o with under-dot +and macron) may not display as intended in all browsers. These forms are +rare. Except for yogh, h-stroke and paired ł, unusual letters appear +only in the editorial material (introduction, notes and glossary). + +For this e-text, the printed book’s circumflex accents have been shown +as macrons--that is, ǣ instead of æ̂ and similar--except for “true” +circumflexes in modern French citations and the word “rôle”. The +character shown here as e͞o was printed as “eo” joined by a single +circumflex. In the Trentham MS. of Floriz and Blauncheflur, and +a few times in the Assumption, some letters were printed with “end +flourishes” (see Introduction under “Manuscripts”). All are shown here +as a free-standing tilde ~ after the letter. In the same passages, the +double letter “ll” printed with a joining wavy line is shown as łł. + +In the primary texts, italics representing editorial expansions are +shown with {braces}. Roman (non-italic) words within italic passages are +shown the same way. Other italics are shown conventionally with _lines_. +Boldface is shown as #A#, #B#. Large initial letters are shown with +double or triple preceding + as ++Horn, +++Alle to avoid “breaking” the +text. The number of + signs reflects the size of the original (two lines +or more). + +Footnotes have been numbered continuously through the Introduction, and +separately for each of the three original texts. For mechanical reasons +some footnotes in the primary text will seem to be out of order. Line +numbering is by multiples of 4. + +See the end of the e-text for details about differences between the +e-text and the printed book.] + + + + + King Horn, + Floriz and Blauncheflur, + The Assumption of our Lady. + + + Early English Text Society. + Original Series, No. 14 + + 1866 (re-edited 1901; reprinted 1962) + + Price 30s. + + + + + KING HORN, + + FLORIZ AND BLAUNCHEFLUR, + + THE ASSUMPTION OF OUR LADY. + + + First Edited in 1866 + BY J. RAWSON LUMBY, + + And Now Re-Edited From The Manuscripts, + With Introduction, Notes, And Glossary, + by + GEORGE H. McKNIGHT. + + + _Published for_ + THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY + _by the_ + OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS + London New York Toronto + + + + + First Published (Edited by J. Rawson Lumby) 1866 + Re-edited by George H. McKnight 1901 + Reprinted (1901 Version) 1962 + + + Original Series, No. 14 + + Reprinted in Great Britain by Richard Clay and Company, Ltd., + Bungay, Suffolk. + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + Preface vi + Introduction vii + King Horn, from three MSS.: + Cambr. Univ. MS. Gg. 4. 27. 2 1 + Laud Misc. MS. 108 1 + Harl. MS. 2253 1 + Floris and Blauncheflur, from three MSS.: + Trentham Ms 71 + Ms. Cott. Vitell. D. III 74, 84 + Cambridge MS. Gg. 4. 27. 2 80 + The Assumption of Our Lady, from three MSS.: + Cambr. Univ. MS. Gg. 4. 27. 2 111 + Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 10,036 111 + Harl. MS. 2382 118 + Notes 137 + Glossary 155 + + + + +PREFACE. + + +The triple labour involved in editing three independent works in one +volume will, it is hoped, serve as an excuse for some of the +shortcomings of the present publication. Under the circumstances it has +been impossible to make the work as definitive as might have been the +case with a single text. For example, while I have been able to print +the three existing manuscript texts of King Horn, of the other two +poems, the textual material is not nearly so complete. + +The texts, it is hoped, are accurately printed. The credit for this is +due, in large measure, to Dr. Furnivall,--who has read with the MSS. the +proofs of all the British Museum texts,--and to the proof-readers at +Oxford and Cambridge. The notes to King Horn represent a good deal of +labour, and may, I trust, prove useful. The glossary, though not so +complete as that in Wissmann’s excellent critical edition of King Horn, +is intended to fit the volume, and to supply explanation of words and +uses of words not intelligible to ordinary readers of Early English +Texts. + +It is my pleasant duty to acknowledge assistance from various quarters. +I am indebted to the libraries of the British Museum and Cambridge +University, and the Bodleian library at Oxford for the use of +manuscripts; also to the Duke of Sutherland for permission to copy the +text of Floris and Blauncheflur from the manuscript in his private +library; also to the Cornell University library for conveniences placed +at my disposal in the preparation of this volume. I must also +acknowledge timely words of advice from Prof. J. M. Hart, notes on +Layamon from Dr. B. S. Monroe, and assistance in proof-reading by Prof. +W. Strunk, jr. But above all I must acknowledge the less apparent work +of Dr. Furnivall in preparing the texts for press, a work the amount of +which one who has not edited for the E.E.T.S. is not likely to realize. + + G. H. M. K. + + _Ithaca, N.Y., July 8, 1901._ + + + + +INTRODUCTION. + + +KING HORN. + + § 1. _Setting of the Story_, p. vii. + § 2. _Versions_, p. viii. + § 3. _Elements of the Story_, p. xvi. + § 4. _Topography_, p. xvii. + § 5. _Style_, p. xx. + § 6. _Versification_, p. xxi. + § 7. _Dialect_, p. xxiv. + § 8. _Manuscripts_, p. xxviii. + + +§ 1. SETTING OF THE STORY. + +By the beginning of the 13th century, when literature in the English +tongue began to show some signs of revival, the earlier English epic +tales seem to have been almost entirely obliterated from memory. A +solitary survival seems to have been the story of the dragon-killing +Wade with his famous boat Guingelot; but even this story is lost to us +save for occasional references,[I-1] and from these we must infer that +all definite idea of its origin was lost, since Wade is associated, now +with Weyland, now with Horn and Havelok, now with Lancelot. The place of +these earlier epic tales was filled in Middle English times by a new set +of tales for the most part no longer of purely native, popular origin. +Tales were imported from every conceivable quarter, though usually by +way of France, and even in the popular romances of Guy of Warwick and +Bevis of Hampton, which are supposed to contain a kernel of genuine +English tradition, the original story is almost unrecognizable amid the +embellishments added. Similarly in the stories of Waldef and Hereward +the historical facts are almost lost amid this mass of added foreign +matter, and in the late romance of Richard Cœur de Lion we have to do, +not with the historical Richard, but with a conventionalized hero of +mediæval romance. + +Standing apart from these largely conventionalized tales are the stories +of Havelok and King Horn. These are supposed to have been among the +first products of the second growth of English story. They seem to +preserve, more than the other, later romances, their primitive traits, +and are hence usually classed as English, or Germanic, in origin. + + [Footnote I-1: Cf. Skeat’s Chaucer. Note to Marchaundes Tale 1424, + and Tr. and C. iii, 614.] + + +§ 2. VERSIONS. + +The story of Horn is known in several different versions. Of these the +one printed in the present volume is the oldest and in many respects the +most archaic. The story, which it will be unnecessary to summarize here, +is told in a simple, direct style with a noticeable lack of unnecessary +description inserted for embellishment. The explanation of the peculiar +features of this version is no doubt to be found in the purpose for +which this version was used. It was probably intended to be sung, as one +would infer from the opening lines, and perhaps is such a song, or +ballad, as the one which, as the French version informs us (R. H. 2776 +ff. cf. p. xiv. below), Horn sang about his love Rigmenil. The manner of +the narrative is determined by the song character of the poem. There is +more detail than in a modern song, at the same time less detail than in +a modern story. Events are sometimes simply referred to as though +already known instead of being fully described. The bravery of Murry, +Horn’s father, is alluded to in such a manner as to lead one to expect +to hear more about his feats of prowess. No motive is given for the +journey to Ireland. We are conducted from place to place with Horn, from +Aylmer’s court in Westernesse to that of Thurston, or from Horn’s +wedding feast at Aylmer’s court to the annihilation of the Saracen +invaders of Suddenne, almost in a breath. In this way sometimes +incidents are thrown absurdly out of perspective. For instance, when +Horn wishes to ‘prove his knighthood’ (v. 588), while the others are at +table, he sets out on his ‘fole,’ and at the seashore finds a shipload +of _heþene honde_. He slays about a hundred of them. _At eureche dunte +þe heued of wente._ He fixes the leader’s head on the point of his sword +and thus returns to the hall. All this, which forms the matter for about +four hundred twelve-syllabled lines in the more prolix French version, +is here related in an off-hand manner, in about forty short lines. The +pitched battle of the French version becomes here a mere after-dinner +recreation. It would be possible to multiply instances (cf. pp. x-xii) +showing the abridged character of the present version. + +Very different from the English gleeman’s version, is the highly +elaborated French version of the story. This version,[I-2] which is +preserved in three MSS. at Oxford, at Cambridge, and at London, consists +of about 5250 lines of twelve syllables, arranged in _laisses_, or +strophes, of about twenty lines bound together by a single rime. Here we +have a full-fledged romance, with descriptions of rich adornments, of +feastings, of battles, of games, and of tournaments quite in the manner +of the contemporary romances current in France and in Norman England. +The archaic traits of the English King Horn are no longer so obvious. +The names of persons and of places, with the exception of those of Horn, +Rymenhild : Rigmel (Rigmenil), Fiken(h)ild : Wikele, Modi : Modin, +Westernesse : Westir (Yrlaunde), and Sudden(n)e, are quite different in +the two versions. + +But with all this difference of detail, the story in its essential +elements is the same in the two versions. Wissmann,[I-3] in the +introduction to his critical edition, says, “der französische roman +(R. H.) weist kein einziges notwendiges bindeglied, keinen schönen +altertümlichen zug auf, den das englische gedicht, King Horn (K. H.) +nicht enthielte; dieses dagegen hat trotz seines geringen umfanges, eine +reiche von alten, wahrhaft poetischen motiven jenem voraus.” And +further, “aus alle dem ergibt sich, dass K. H. keine bearbeitung des +französischen romans sein kann.” Wissmann’s further conclusions, +however, are less tenable, when he continues: “das umgekehrte +verhältniss dagegen ist nicht nur denkbar, sondern bis zu einem gewissen +grade sogar notwendig; eine ältere quelle als das lied von King Horn für +R. H. vorauszusetzen sind wir durch nichts berechtigt.” + +Limited space forbids a thorough-going comparison of the two versions. +The essential elements of the story are in each case nearly the same. In +the French version (R. H.) again Horn the prince with his companions is +set afloat from Suddenne in an open boat, arrives in Bretaigne, is +hospitably received by King Hunlaf, is loved by the princess Rigmenil, +from whom he receives a magic ring, is betrayed by Wikele, one of his +companions, and is exiled from Bretaigne. He takes ship for Westir, the +court of King Godreche, and is well received by the king and his two +sons. He distinguishes himself in all things, and is loved and wooed by +the princess Lemburc. But after delivering the Irish kingdom (Westir) +from an African invasion, he is recalled by a messenger to Bretaigne, +where, after vanquishing his rival Modun in a tournament, he rescues +Rigmenil and himself plays the part of bridegroom at the wedding +prepared. He then repairs to Suddenne, and after ridding his father’s +kingdom of the invaders, is warned in a dream of Wikele’s second +treachery, and returns again just in time to save his bride from a +forced marriage with Wikele. With the death of Wikele and the +establishment of Horn’s loyal friend Haderof (Athulf) in Ireland and of +Horn and Rigmenil in Suddenne, the French story ends. + +In addition to this similarity in general outline must be mentioned +occasional parallelism between the two versions in minor details or even +in phraseology. As instances of the first we may cite: _Of his feire +siȝte Al þe bur gan liȝte_ K. H. 385-6; _De la belte de horn tute la +chambre resplent._ R. H. 1053. _Drink to horn of horne_ K. H. 1145; _Mes +com apelent horn li engleis naturer_ R. H. 4206. _He lokede on his rynge +And þoȝte on Rymenhilde_ K. H. 873-4; _Si regarde sa main e lanel kest +gemmeȝ_. _Ke li fud de Rimel al departir doneȝ_ R. H. 3166-7. _And whan +þu farst to woȝe tak him þine gloue_ K. H. 793-4; _Mes une rien uus di +joe dont seieȝ purgardez, Si alez donneier ke oue uus nel menez Kar il +est de beaute issi enluminez ke uus la v il iert petit serreȝ preiseȝ_ +R. H. 2323-6. _Biuore me to kerue And of þe cupe serue_ K. H. 233-4; +_Horn me seruira vi de ma cupe portant_ R. H. 463. As instances of +phrases from King Horn reflected in R. H., we may cite: _Stiwarde, tak +nu here Mi fundlyng for to lere Of þine mestere, Of wude and of riuere_ +K. H. 227-30; _De bois de riueer refet il altre tal_ R. H. 377. _Wiþute +sail and roþer_ K. H. 188; _Kil naient auirun dunt a (!) seient aidanȝ +Sigle ne guuernad (!) dunt il seint naianȝ_ R. H. 60-61. _Ston he dude +lade, ant lym þerto he made_ K. H. 1502 H. _Vn castel ad ia fet de pere +e de furment_ R. H. 5097. These instances, which might be multiplied, +will serve to show how closely related in origin are these two versions, +English and French. + +The identity of the two versions is, however, by no means complete. The +more condensed version (K. H.) presents some traits not to be found in +R. H. We may mention: Horn’s farewell to his boat, 139 ff.; Rimenhild’s +assistance in bringing about the dubbing of Horn, 435 ff.; Rimenhild’s +dream, 651 ff.; Horn’s charge to Athulf to care for Rimenhild, 743 ff.; +the drowning of the messenger from Rimenhild to Horn, 968 ff.; the +palmer’s account of Rimenhild’s grief, 1035 ff.; Athulf’s watching from +the tower, 1091 ff.; Horn’s fictitious tale to Rimenhild of his own +death, 1175 ff. + +If K. H. offers these few traits independent of R. H., the latter, +longer narrative introduces episode after episode either barely +suggested in a single line of K. H., or entirely foreign to the English +version. For example, we may mention: the more circumstantial account of +Horn’s descent, and of the heroic death of Aaluf, 250 ff.; Rimel’s +amusing method of wheedling Athelfrus into bringing Horn to her, 604 +ff.; her confidences to her maid Herselot, 729 ff.; the elaborate +account of Horn’s victory over Malbroin and Rodmund, 1295 ff.; Wikele’s +contrived pretext for a quarrel with Horn, 1839 ff.; Horn’s loathness to +take oath, though he is willing to vindicate his word by meeting in +combat any two or even five or six chosen antagonists, 1924 ff.; the +love of princess Lemburc for Horn, 2394 ff.; the stone-throwing contest, +2568 ff.; the game of chess, 2696 ff.; Lemburc’s apartments, 2709 ff.; +the harp-playing, 2776 ff.; the elaborate battle description once more, +3234 ff.; the death of Egfer, 3358 ff.; the meeting of Horn with Wikele +and Modin, 4094 ff.; the tournament at Rimil’s wedding, 4456 ff.; the +victory, with Hardre’s aid, over the Saracens in Suddenne, 4604 ff.; the +touching description of Horn’s meeting with his mother, 4882 ff.; the +besiegement of Hunlaf and Rimel by Wikele, 5100 ff.; the intervention of +Wikele’s brother, Wothere, 5052 ff., etc.[I-4] + +If the subject matter in the two versions is different, the style is far +more so. The simple, condensed, somewhat archaic manner of K. H. stands +in marked contrast to the sophisticated style of the French romance. The +difference is perhaps that to be expected between two versions, one +intended for English-speaking, the other for French-speaking +people.[I-5] But the difference is perhaps more largely that between +ballad and romance. In K. H. the author gives no evidence of himself +directly or indirectly, whereas Thomas, the author of R. H., continually +addresses his public in the second person and directly introduces his +personal opinion. The incidents which in K. H. are condensed almost to +unintelligibility, in R. H. are liberally supplied with motives and +explanations. The character of Rimenhild in K. H., almost wild in its +naturalness, suggests somewhat one of the female divinities of Germanic +mythology. Rimel, of the French romance, is an eminently sophisticated, +almost modern young woman who understands the arts of coaxing and of +coquetry. + +The luxury and refinement described in the French version, contrast[I-6] +markedly with the primitive manners and surroundings suggested in the +English version. Rimenhild shares her single sleeping-room with her six +maidens; Rimel has so many maids that these have private rooms, Rimel +keeping by her only her one trusted maid. Rimenhild on her wedding day, +has four maid attendants; Rimel, thirty. King Murry’s retinue consists +of two knights, and the sons of the king of Westir appear to have been +without retinue; in R. H. the two princes in their _mesnée privée_ have +_vingt de gens ben escernée_. Even the seneschal of King Hunlaf has +twenty knights in his retinue. Stimming further points out the +feudalistic relations existing between Horn and his companions in R. H. +(as well as in H. C.) of which one can hardly detect a trace in K. H. +Further the author of the romance, quite in keeping with the conventions +of contemporary romances, has introduced and elaborated descriptions of +battles and of sports and tournaments on every possible occasion. In +R. H. Horn is a _curteis_ knight, whose knightly honour forbids him to +take oath. + +Stimming further points out the difference in cultivation of manner as +reflected in the love-making scenes of the two versions. When Athulf is +introduced to Rimenhild’s bower, _Anon vpon Aþulf child Rymenhild gan +wexe wild_, K. H. 295-6, she has him seat himself on her bed, embraces +him, and offers herself as his bride. Rimel, on the other hand, who +before Aþulf’s coming has carefully regarded the glass, _pur veer sa +belted, Pur saver de su vis cum il est culured_, on his appearance, +takes him by the hand, leads him to a seat, seats herself beside him, +and then expresses the wish, “_Bels amis, dès ore voil estre mise en +vostre justise_,” politely adding, “_si vostre plaisir est_.” + +All this, Stimming concludes, is an unmistakable evidence of the later +time of R. H.’s composition. Granting the truth of this conclusion, the +difference of treatment in the two versions is also no doubt in part due +to the difference in the public for which each version was intended, and +also still more, perhaps, to the difference in function of the two +works. It must be noted that K. H. is a popular ballad-like poem perhaps +of the kind referred to in R. H., while the French R. H. is an +artificial and conventionalized romance of prowess and love. + +That the ballad-like version K. H., simple, even primitive in matter, in +manner, and in metrical form, should have been derived from the +sophisticated, artificial romance, R. H. deserves little consideration. +On the other hand that the artificial romance should have been derived +from the simple ballad-like story, incomplete in its record of details, +is even more unworthy of consideration, though quite probably Thomas, +the French romancer, may have been to some extent influenced by this +English version, with which he was probably acquainted, as we may infer +from the following passage: + + _Mes un lai ai oi dunt ioe sai la meitie + Si iol sousse tut, par ma crestiente + En cest nostre pais nad taunt bone cite + Ki tant me fust a main e á ma uolente + Ke ainz ne la perdisse ke lousse ublie + . . . . . . . . . . . . + Mut en auez oi parler en cest regne + E de lamur de horn ke ele od taunt ame + . . . . . . . . . . . . + Coe est ueir dist Guffer, Rigmel est mut loéé + Bele soeur de beaute en meinte cuntréé + E de horn ai oi meinte feiz renoméé + Quil est pruz e uallanz e corteis sanz pounéé._ + + R. H. 2783-2801. + +The French romance is no doubt constructed from an English story, as we +may infer from the proper names, which in general seem to be Germanic +in origin, from occasional English words, _e.g._ _welcumeȝ_ 800, _wite +God_, _wrec_ 150, etc., from references to English such as, _Mes com +apelent horn li engleis_, R. H. 4206, and especially from the general +features of the story which seem to be Germanic. Further, “in the +introduction to the French romance of Waldelf we are informed that the +romance of Horn was taken from an English original” (T. Wright, Essays +on Middle Ages, I, 102. London, 1846). The English gleeman’s version +quite likely was composed directly from oral tradition, while the +romance rests upon some version of the story, the “_parchemin_” so often +referred to. This hypothetical version, judging from the identity of the +story in its main outline with that in K. H., must be the version upon +which R. H. rests also, or must rest upon the same tradition with K. H. + +A third version of the story of Horn is the romance of Horn Childe and +Maiden Rimnild, the only copy of which is the incomplete one contained +in the famous collection of the Auchinleck MS. of the 14th century. (One +leaf lost in the middle and one or two at the end.) Of this romance, +which is composed in twelve-lined strophes, _rime couée_, there are +preserved 1136 lines, that is to say, 96 strophes, not all complete. The +story, very briefly summarized, is as follows: + +Haþeolf, king of “_al Ingelond fram Humber norþ_,” has one son named +Horn. To Horn Haþeolf gives eight companions and puts all under the +instruction of Arlaund. Haþeolf annihilates a host of Danish invaders, +but within nine months is again attacked, this time by three kings from +Ireland, and after an heroic fight, in which he slays five thousand, is +stoned to death, and “_an erle of Northumberland_” seizes the kingdom. + +Herlaund conducts the nine boys “_fer souþe in Inglond_,” where they +are received by Houlac the king. The king’s only daughter, Rimneld, +loves him and asks Herlaund to bring Horn to her bower. As in the other +versions, Arlaund first brings Haþerof, but the second time brings Horn +to Rimneld, and the princess gives Horn rich presents, and promises to +be his if he shall be dubbed knight. But Wikard and Wikel, two of Horn’s +companions, calumniate Horn and Rimneld to the king, and Horn is +banished. After vain attempts at a reconciliation with the king, he +takes leave of Rimneld, who gives him a ring with a magic stone: + + “_When þe ston wexeþ wan + Þan chaungeþ þe þought of þi leman + When þe ston wexeþ rede + Þan haue y lorn mi maidenhed._” + +Horn takes the name of Godebounde, has heroic adventure in the forest, +wins a great tournament in Wales, then crosses over to Ireland, and +delivers king Finlawe (Finlak) from his enemy, Malkan, the one who had +slain Horn’s father. Atula, Finlak’s daughter, loves Horn, but he +remains true to Rimneld, notices that the stone in his ring has turned +pale, and with a hundred knights, crosses over into England in time to +save Rimneld from marrying King Moioun, overthrows Moioun in the +tournament, slays Wigard and smites out the eye of the false Wiȝel, +Wigard’s brother. Horn marries Rimneld, and, after five days of +feasting, makes ready a force to go into _North-Humberland_ to win back +his father’s kingdom. The single MS. ends abruptly at this point. + +It will be seen that the main outline of the story as told in the other +two versions, is here preserved, but with many modifications, with some +omissions and some additions. The scene of action has shifted. We hear +no more of the to us obscure names Suddenne and Westir; the whole action +takes place in the British isles. The names of the persons, too, are +greatly transformed, Horn and Rimneld, and possibly Moioun being about +the only names common to all the versions. The whole introduction of the +present version, dealing with the bravery and death of Haþeolf, Horn’s +father, which forms about a quarter of this romance version as preserved +to us, is entirely strange to K. H. and to R. H. Other features peculiar +to H. C. are: Haþeolf’s instructions to the boy companions of Horn, to +bear fealty to Horn, 137 ff.; the fine gifts and rich entertainment by +Rimnild of Herlaund and Haderof and, later, of Horn, 330 ff., 377 ff.; +the manner of the courtship, where Horn no longer plays the reluctant +part, urging his poverty as an excuse, 373 ff.; the episode of the +departure of Horn’s companions Tebeaud, Winwald, Garins and Aþelston for +foreign lands, 445 ff. Wikel here does not accuse Horn of designs on the +king’s life and kingdom, 486 ff. Horn remains at home from the hunting, +not to visit Rimnild, but “_for blodeleteing, Al for a maladye_.” 485 +ff. There is no Saracen invasion of Houlac’s kingdom. Horn tries to +appease the king, 541 ff. The ring has a different function, 571 ff. The +ring it is that prompts Horn’s return to Rimnild. Still other features +peculiar to this edition are: the heroic adventure in the forest, 613 +ff.; the tournament at the court of Elidan in Wales, 664 ff.; and the +whole account of Horn’s experiences in Ireland, the occasion of his +journey there, the character of the battle (in which Horn is wounded), +and the absence of mention of king Finlak’s proposal to give his +daughter and kingdom to Horn. + +All these independent traits in H. C. lead us to conclude that this +version must rest, directly or indirectly, on a tradition different from +that underlying K. H. and R. H. That, as Stimming thinks probable, the +writer “unmittelbar aus der sage selbst geschöpft” seems unlikely +considering the highly sophisticated[I-7] nature and artificial form of +this version, and the frequent remarks of the author, “_in boke as we +rede_,” etc. More likely it rests directly on an earlier version of the +story, which in its turn rests on a Northern tradition of the story. +That such a Northern tradition existed we have evidence in the Scottish +ballads of Hind Horn [Child’s (F. J.) English and Scottish Ballads. +Boston, 1882-84], which while emphasizing only one element, the +separation of the two lovers and their reunion through the agency of the +magic ring, agree with the H. C. version rather than with that of K. H. +and R. H. + +What, then, is the relation of H. C. to K. H. and to R. H.? Wissmann +says, apparently with truth: “Das Gedicht von Horn Childe hat von dem +Gehalt des K. H. nichts bewahrt, was nicht auch R. H. hätte.” On the +other hand H. C. has a number of important traits in common with R. H., +for instance, the names: Herland (R. H.); Herlaund, Arlaund, Harlaund, +Arlond, etc. (H. C.); Allof (R. H.); Haþeolf (H. C.); Wikel (R. H.); +Wiȝel (H. C.); Haþerof (R. H.); Haderof (H. C.) and Hunlaf (R. H.); +Houlac (H. C.); further, Haderof’s ignorance of Herland’s intention to +palm him off as Horn, the love of the Irish princess for Horn, Horn’s +meeting with Moioun (Moging) and Wikard, and his riddle of the net told +here, the tournament and the contest between Horn and Moioun, Horn’s +thanks to king Houlac (Hunlaf). From the considerable French element in +the vocabulary of H. C., including frequent rime words, the French form +Cornwayle riming with the French phrase _saun faile_, it is reasonable +to suppose that the author was acquainted with French, and the general +tone of the romance, the feudalism inculcated by King Haþeolf, 133 ff., +the tournaments and the general air of luxury in addition to the +above-mentioned striking traits in common with R. H., suggest almost +inevitably that the author of H. C. must have been acquainted with, and +influenced by, the French version. + +The Scottish ballads of Hind Horn (cf. Child, as above, I, 187), as said +above, emphasize only one element of the original story, namely, the +separation of Horn and the princess, and their reunion through the +agency of the magic ring. The story in Hind Horn agrees more closely +(notably in the function of the ring, peculiar to the Northern versions) +with H. C. than with R. H. or K. H., and seems to rest, along with H. +C., on a northern version of the story. + +The later French romance _Ponthus et la belle Sidoine_ is an adaptation +of the French version (R. H.) of the Horn story. It is purely an +artificial product based on R. H., and has little bearing on the origin +and history of the version in hand. It is interesting in this connection +as showing how possible it is to tell the same story with different +names, the only name in common between R. H., and the adaptation being +that of the steward Herlant. (Cf. English translation, King Ponthus and +the Fair Sidone, edited by F. J. Mather, Publ. of the Mod. Lang. Assoc. +of America, xii, 1-150.) The story of Ponthus also appears in a German +_Volksbuch_ (cf. Simrock, I. 1 ff.). + + [Footnote I-2: Brede (R.) und Stengel (E.). _Das agn. Lied vom + wackern Ritter Horn._ Ausg. u. Abh. VIII. Marburg, 1883. Also Fr. + Michel. For the Bannatyne Club, 1845.] + + [Footnote I-3: Wissmann (Th.), Quell. u. Forsch. XVI. Strassburg, + 1876.] + + [Footnote I-4: For complete list of traits peculiar to R. H. cf. + J. Caro, in Eng. Stud. xii, 331-2.] + + [Footnote I-5: Cf. the relation of the English version of Fl. and + Bl. to the French original.] + + [Footnote I-6: Cf. Stimming. Review of Wissmann’s ed. of K. H. + Engl. Stud. i, 357 ff.] + + [Footnote I-7: The author of H. C. endeavours to be realistic. + There are no more vague terms, like _Sarazins_, etc. Further, + there is a parallelism with the story of Harold, suggesting that + this version has been influenced by historical events.] + + +§ 3. ELEMENTS OF THE STORY. + +The story of Horn, it is generally believed, had its origin in the +turbulent times of the Danish invasions, but the kernel of genuine +historical tradition is probably small. How the different elements in +such a story aggregate, we can plainly see in the case of the +_Hereward_: “The writer of the life of Hereward,” according to Wright, +“had, among other sources of information, the work of the presbyter, +Leofric, Hereward’s archdeacon. This Leofric, he tells us, occupied +himself in collecting for the edification of his hearers, all the acts +of the giants and warriors from the fables of the ancients, or, in the +instance of more modern heroes, from the trustworthy relations of those +who had known them, and in writing them in English that they might be +preserved in people’s memories.” In this way grew the _Hereward_ story, +and in a similar manner, we may suppose, that the story of Horn +attracted to itself many new and foreign elements, receiving its +development and final form probably at the hands of the _jongleurs_, or +gleemen, whom we are to think of as wandering widely and gathering +romantic material from the most remote regions. + +In another place (Publ. of the Mod. Lang. Assoc. of America, xv. +221-232) I have attempted to point out some of the ‘Germanic elements’ +in the story. It seems possible to distinguish two essential elements in +the story: (1) Horn’s expulsion from his kingdom and his return and +avengement of his father’s death; (2) the separation and reunion of the +faithful lovers. Of these elements the first seems to be especially +Germanic. At least historic incidents which might supply the nucleus for +such a tale were particularly common in connection with the continual +wars between Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and also with the invasions of +England, Danish and Norman. (Cf. the death of Beaduheard. Eng. Chron. +(Winch.) a. 787, also the death of Aethelwulf at hands of Danes, avenged +by his brother Aethelstan. Gaimar, 2391 ff.) The second element also may +have been of Germanic origin, though it has become greatly +conventionalized and has come to be the more prominent element in the +story. The minor features of the story, though often purely +conventional, and, therefore, belonging to no distinct nationality, at +times show Germanic traits, as for instance in the _comitatus_ relation +existing between Horn and his followers, in the manner of wooing and of +wedding, in the etiquette of the feasts, in the etiquette of the duel, +and in the formal challenge on the part of a champion of an invading +host, to a duel upon the result of which shall depend the marriage of a +princess or the fate of a kingdom (cf. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Publ., as +above, pp. 228-231). + +The story as it is preserved in K. H., the earliest of existing +versions, is no doubt a greatly expanded form of the original nucleus. +The timely rescue of the princess from a forced marriage, which in the +Scottish ballad has been preserved at the expense of the complete loss +of the other element, the recovery of the kingdom and the avengement of +the father’s death, even in the earlier K. H. version has come quite to +overshadow the recovery and revenge element. It seems very probable also +that there has been a duplication of the rescue scene, due either to the +desire of the _jongleur_, or minstrel, to repeat a successful climax, or +to a blending of two versions of the same story, a not at all uncommon +feature in such romances,[I-8] and that the second rescue scene, with +its more archaic and more particularly Germanic features, represents the +sole turning-point in an earlier and simpler version, the first and more +conventional rescue scene being an expansion contributed by a later +composer. All this, which rests largely on conjecture, would assume for +the nucleus of the story a relatively simple incident in which there are +involved only two places, the kingdom from which the prince is expelled +and which he regains, and the kingdom where he finds refuge. + + [Footnote I-8: Cf. the seeming duplication of names, Rymenhild, + Reymyld etc.; Reynild, Ermenyld, etc., all of which may have come + from an original Eormenhild (cf. OE. Leechdoms), the variants + being due to metathesis as in OE. _yrnan_ : _rinnan_. Cf. also the + explanation of Westernesse below, p. xx.] + + +§ 4. TOPOGRAPHY. + +The topography of the Horn story offers some difficult but interesting +problems. In the northern version (H. C.) all is made relatively clear. +The author of this version assigns the events to very definite places. +Horn’s father is king of “_al Ingelond fram Humber norþ_.” He repels a +Danish invasion on the east coast, and is slain by invaders from +Ireland. Horn and his companions take refuge “_fer souþe in Inglond_.” +Thence Horn goes in exile to Wales and later into Ireland. The Norman +_trouvère_, also, clarifies matters somewhat by assigning definite names +to two of the three kingdoms involved, Bretaigne and Westir (_Ki ore est +Hirlonde lors westir fu apelee_, 2184, H). But both the Norman and the +older English versions have consistently the perplexing name Sudenne +(Sodenne); and the earlier English version has also the vague name +Westernesse (Westnesse), leaving as a certain starting-point in our +study of the topography only Yrlonde, also referred to as _westene lond_ +(754 H). + +From internal evidence in King Horn we learn little that is definite +about the situation of Suddenne. In drifting from Suddenne to +Westernesse, Horn and his companions spend “_Al þe day and al þe niȝt, +Til hit sprang dai liȝt_,” K. H. 122-3; and again we are told of the +same voyage “_Dai hit is igon and oþer, Wiþute sail and roþer_,” 187-8. +On the return voyage to Suddenne, _Biþinne daies fiue, þat schup gan +ariue_, 1295-6. On hearing of Fikenhild’s second treachery Horn +exclaims, “_Crist for his wundes fiue, To niȝt me þuder driue_,” 1423-4, +and then, _Er þan horn hit wiste, To fore þe sunne vpriste, His schup +stod vndur ture At Rymenhilde bure_, 1435-39. From all which we can only +conclude that ideas of direction and distance are very vague in the mind +of the English composer. + +In regard to the kingdom of Suddenne, some have thought that the name +must be connected with _Suðdene_ mentioned in Beowulf, which would make +Suddenne refer to some place in northern Europe, possibly in Denmark. +(Parallelism with the _Havelok_ would also support this opinion.) But +neither the proper names of the story, nor the phonology of the word +Suddenne itself, support this view. Ward[I-9] suggests that the name is +a mere vague poetical designation, and brings together historical facts +and internal evidence in the attempt to determine the definite place. He +cites the name Hornesbeorh on the Isle of Purbeck, Dorsetshire, calls +attention to the phrase in King Horn, “_y come into þis yle_,” referring +to the Sarazin incursion in which Horn’s father was killed, and from the +fact that “it was upon Dorsetshire that a descent of the Northmen took +place, which was the first recorded appearance in Wessex, and which +evidently made a great impression upon the people,” concludes that +“Dorsetshire has a very fair claim to be considered the birthplace of +the Horn legend.” + +One is loath, however, to let go the only thread that seems to lead to +an explanation of the name Suddenne itself. Francisque Michel was the +first to point out that in the Brit. Mus. text of Gaimar’s _L’estorie +des Engleis_, one reads that “_Edelbrit fu feit reis de Kent E de +Sudeine ensement_,” vv. 955-6. In spite of the fact that the other three +versions have; one, Surrie, the other two Suthreie, one is tempted to +cling to this clew, and the fact that in the same manuscript later, +Gaimar, in referring to the same political division says,[I-10] “_Puis +regnat son fiȝ, E Adelstán, un rei gentils, Li uns out Westsexe, e +laltre Kent, Suthdreie, e Suthsexe ensement_, vv. 2388-91, gives ground +for the supposition that Sudeine[I-11] may refer collectively to Surrey +and Sussex. In that case the coast of Sussex was probably the scene of +the first act in the Horn drama. + +Whichever of these views is the true one, we may be reasonably certain +that the Suddenne in the mind of the composer of K. H. lay on the south +coast of England. Knowing this, we may perhaps determine, at least +approximately, the situation of Westernesse. In the Harleian and Laud +MSS., the messenger sent to seek Horn, says, _Ich seche from Westnesse +horn knight of estnesse_,” which indicates that the composer conceives +Westernesse to be west of Suddenne. Further it is very certain, as Ward +(as above, p. 449) points out, that an early version of the Horn story +has supplied several of the incidents of the _Hereward_. The influence +of the story of Horn on the _Hereward_ is particularly obvious in +chapters 4-6, where Hereward gets into trouble at the court of a king of +Cornwall named Alef, by killing a champion who had claimed the princess +in marriage; Hereward is imprisoned, but is released by the princess, +who sends him to her chosen lover, the son of a king of Ireland; a +letter subsequently reaches him, saying that she is about to be forced +into marriage with another Irish prince. Hereward reaches Cornwall +again, visits the bridal feast in disguise, and is presented with the +cup by the princess. “This,” as Ward remarks, “is certainly some +evidence that the Westnesse or Westernesse of our poem may be taken to +signify Cornwall. The name, Aylmar (_i.e._ Athelmar), also does not +oppose this view. The name was a very common one in South England, and +was borne by two of the Aldermen of Devonshire, who seem to have had +some authority over Cornwall also, one about 930, another in the early +part of the 11th century, and both bearing the epithet ‘Ailmer the +Great.’” + +Another possible explanation of Westernesse may be suggested. The +duplication of names and incidents in Westernesse and Ireland has been +referred to above. The _-er_ suffix of Westernesse certainly suggests +the _-r_ termination in Westir (the name in R. H.), which is probably a +Norse name for Ireland (cf. the other Norse names in Ireland: Thurston, +Regnild, = Norse Ragnhilda, and Harild. Cf. also R. H. 2184 H, quoted +above, p. xviii), and it is not at all impossible to conceive that in +the original, simpler form of the story, there were but two scenes to +this drama, and that Westernesse of the English version, and Westir of +the Norman version, alike refer to Ireland, only that on account of the +amplification of the story, one came to think of Aylmar’s kingdom as in +England, and added a _-nesse_ to the Norse form Westir (Vestr) so as to +make the term fit a promontory on the western end of the south coast of +England, in Devonshire or in Cornwall. + + [Footnote I-9: Ward (H. L. W.), Catalogue of Romances in the + British Museum, I, 450.] + + [Footnote I-10: Aethelwulf was King of Kent, Surrey and Sussex + (Gaimar, 2391. Cf. also 2476, 2480-82). Aethelstan had Wessex, for + see 2480-82. Aethelwulf was defeated by the Danes (2440-46), and + was avenged by his brother Aethelstan, who defeated the Danes + (2480-83).] + + [Footnote I-11: All three MSS. of K. H. say of Horn’s father, + “_king he wes by weste_,” perhaps referring to this western + division of the eastern kingdom. Asser visits Alfred at the + latter’s royal ‘vill’ which is called Denne. East Dene (or Dean) + and West Dene are two villages near Chichester. There are also two + villages of the same name near Eastbourne.] + + +§ 5. STYLE. + +As we have seen, the story of Horn belongs to a second growth of English +story. The manner of expression, and the general movement of the story +are quite different from those peculiar to Anglo-Saxon poetry, lacking +almost entirely the parallelism,--the appositional construction and the +heaped-up epithets, or _kennings_ of the earlier stories. With the large +French element in the vocabulary, there seems to have been introduced a +manner of expression more like the French than like the earlier English. +The movement is direct, and the imagery very simple and popular. Cf. _He +was briȝt so þe glas. He was whit so þe flur, Rose red was his colur_, +14-16, _Also blak so eny cole_, 624. _Also he sprunge of stone_, 1102, +etc. In this respect King Horn is less closely linked with the past than +is Layamon’s Brut, which was composed in the West Midlands, where the +OE. traditions in poetry persisted the longest. The Brut, while +presenting many of the modern features of manner and of phrase, still +preserves much of the manner of the past. There are in King Horn a +number of the conventionalized phrases, to be found also in Layamon +(cf. Notes to vv. 11, 67, 69, etc.), but the number of such instances is +much smaller than one would have expected, and if Layamon’s West Midland +work represents an earlier stage than King Horn in the development from +the Anglo-Saxon manner of writing, the composer of Horn has certainly +been subjected to many new and modernizing influences. + +The very element in common between Layamon and King Horn is, perhaps, +the new, the modern phraseology more often than the old phraseology +rooted in the past. While, then, there are but few traces of the older +English poetic phraseology, there is much in common between King Horn +and the romances of the 13th and 14th centuries. The language in King +Horn seems to be already again crystallizing into new conventional +forms. In spite of the different demands of the metre of Horn from those +of the later, more regular, forms of versification, there are a very +great number of stereotyped phrases common to King Horn and to the +contemporary and succeeding romances composed in the other metre. I have +brought together in the Notes a number of instances of this agreement in +phraseology. The minor elements, also, are often rather mediæval than +Anglo-Saxon, and the customs described, the princess’s manner of +receiving visitors, the manner of salutation in meeting and in parting, +etc., if truly representing the manners of the time of the composition +of King Horn, soon became conventionalized and common to the whole body +of Middle English romance. (Cf. Notes to vv. 315, 319, 321, 403, 537, +739, etc.) In these respects the composer of K. H. no doubt at times +follows the conventional mode of composition of his time, but he is +probably also at times an innovator, for several scenes in Horn seem to +have been prototypes directly imitated in later romances in the +_Ipomydon_ and in the _Richard Coeur de Lion_. (Cf. Notes to 239 ff., +264.) + +On the whole, then, we see that the language of King Horn is much less +influenced, than one would expect, by older English models. The language +of the second growth of story seems to have fallen into new conventional +moulds quite independent of the older tradition. + + +§ 6. VERSIFICATION. + +As we have seen, the phraseology of King Horn shows relatively little +trace of influence by the older English traditional stereotyped forms of +expression. In this respect if Layamon is the link connecting native +English poetry with the past, King Horn is the link joining to the newer +traditions of poetry, which were forming. For, as we have seen, if King +Horn has some phrases in common with Layamon, these are the modern forms +of expression more often than the phrases rooted in the older English +tradition. And, as we have seen, while King Horn has relatively little +of phraseology inherited from the past, it has a multitude of +stereotyped phrases in common with the poetry of contemporary and later +composition (cf. Notes). In the same way in versification, if Layamon is +the link connecting with the Anglo-Saxon mode of versification, King +Horn is the link connecting with the newer mode, of Romance or mediæval +Latin origin. + +The exact theory of the versification of King Horn remains yet to be +established. Luick in his article in Paul’s Grundriss offers the very +ingenious hypothesis that in the ‘beginnings of English as well as of +German rimed verse, we have before us the coming to light again of the +primitive Teutonic measured song verse.’ This hypothesis, though +ingenious and plausible, does not admit of verification, and it is +perhaps safer to adhere to the view of Schipper (Grundriss der +englischen Metrik), who sees in Layamon’s verse the direct traditional +descendants of the OE. types, and in King Horn a further development of +the versification of Layamon. + +We see then, probably, in the versification of King Horn a transitional +stage in the development of native English metre, connecting, as we have +seen, more closely with the future than with the past. It was probably +the occurrence in each verse of two syllables marked from the other +syllables by a stronger stress, that gave rise to a feeling of +uniformity in rhythm. This tendency toward uniformity in rhythm was +fostered by the regular introduction of rime, for since the riming +syllable naturally bore one of the two verse accents, and since the +riming syllables in two riming verses would occupy the same relative +position, hence in a riming verse the second of the two verse accents +must balance with that in the other verse of the pair, and the balance +established between the second pair of accents would naturally lead to a +complete balance between the two verses. In other words the two verses +would be levelled to the same rhythm. + +The regular introduction of rime was, no doubt, attended by the gradual +loss of alliteration, which would cease to be significant as marking the +verse accent, since it could hardly be made to fall regularly on the +same syllable with the rime, and would hence be merely an unorganic +adornment of the verse. As the position of the two verse accents came to +be a fixed one, there seems to have been a tendency by raising some of +the syllables bearing merely a logical stress, to rhythmic importance, +thus to bring about a verse with regular measure. + +The most natural products of this development are the two types: (1) +with three accents and feminine rime, the natural product of the OE. A, +D, and C metrical types, (2) with four accents and masculine rime, the +natural product of the OE. B and E types. These forms of verse were very +similar, as Schipper has pointed out (as above, § 39), to two popular +Romance forms of verse--namely: the first form, three accents with +feminine ending, to the half verses of the Alexandrine; and the second +form, four accents with masculine ending, to the verses of the short +riming couplets and to the first member of the septenar. The development +toward regular measure, which had its origin as explained above, was +furthered by the influence of the Romance and Mediæval Latin forms of +verse. In certain ME. poems, notably the _Bestiary_, there are to be +found verses constructed regularly after Romance or Mediæval Latin +models along with native forms in all the stages of development: + + 1. His muð is yet wel unkuð + Wið _pater noster_ and crede; + Faren he norð, er fare he suð + Leren he sal his nede. vv. 112-15. + + 2. Ðe mire muneð us + Mete to tilen, + Longe liuenoðe, + ðis little wile. vv. 273-6. + Ðe leun stant on hille + And he man hunten here. vv. 1-2. + +The native forms must have been influenced by this close association +with foreign forms. + +To these conditions and to this course of development we must probably +attribute the origin of the versification in King Horn. The rime has +become a regular and essential element, the alliteration, a rare and +unessential element in the verse. The forms mark a transitional stage in +development, but are more closely related to the new than to the old. +There has been a half-hearted attempt to introduce regularity of +measure, but the rhythm of the OE. types has still influenced the ear of +the composer. The most frequent verse form is the one with three accents +and feminine rime, about 1300 verses (Schipper). This is developed from +the OE. through a stronger accent on one of the original theses; e.g., +_king he was biweste so longe so hit laste_, vv. 5, 6 C, where the +measure has been developed from the OE. #A.# type through stronger +stress on _was_ and _so_ respectively. Sometimes the original OE. #A.# +type is preserved; e.g., _Hi slóȝen and fúȝten þe níȝt and þe úȝten_, +1473-4 C. But that this was not considered normal is shown by the fact +that the other two texts, #L# and #H#, have made these two verses +quoted, fit into the new normal form, by adding a new syllable in each +verse, so that we have in MS. L, _He smýten ánd he foúten þe nýȝt and +éke þe oúȝten_, vv. 1473-4 L. Cf. also H. The next most frequent type is +the one with four accents and masculine rime; e.g., _Here sone hauede to +name horn; Feyrer child ne micte ben born_, 9, 10 L. Less frequent types +are; that with three accents and masculine ending, e.g., _þu art gret +and strong, Fair and euene long_, 99-100 C; and that with four accents +and feminine rime, e.g., _To deþe he hem alle broȝte, His fader deþ wel +dere hi boȝte_, 951-2 C (but cf. #L# and #H#, which have more normal +forms). + +While nearly all the verses may be made to fit into one of the types +mentioned above, there are some which do not fit naturally into any one +of the new types, but which seems rather to be a stereotyped form handed +down from OE. tradition; e.g., _Bi þe se side_ (OE. #C# type) 35, _of +alle wymmanne_ (OE. C type) 71, _Wringinde here honde_ (OE. E type) 118, +_Bi þe se brinke_ 151, _In to a galeie_ 199, _He was þe faireste_ 187 C. +(OE. #C# types). (Cf. L which tries to make this verse fit better into +the new versification, _For þat he was fayrest_), _We ben of sodenne_ +189 L, _Of Cristene blode_ (OE. type E) 191 C. _And þi fairnesse_ 227 C. +_þoru out westnesse_ 228 L (MS. C adapts the verse by changing the +_westnesse_ of L. H. to _West{er}nesse_). + +Compound proper names seem to have been a source of confusion. Should +both[I-12] elements of the name receive stress, primary and secondary, +as in OE., or should only one? Notice the struggles of the scribes with +verse 169: _Hy metten wiþ almair king_ C, _Metten he with aylmer king_ +L, _metten hue Eylmer, þe kyng_ H. Also 257. _Ailbrus gan lere_ C, _And +aylbrous gan leren_ L, _Aþelbrus gon leren_ H. On the whole the scribes +have been fairly successful in making the native material fit into the +new forms, but not unfrequently may be detected traces of the rhythm of +the native OE. types, especially of the C type. + + [Footnote I-12: The rimes throughout indicate that the second + syllables in compound words and the more important suffixes still + bore an accent. Cf. 169-70, 199-200, 209-10, 219-20, 1353-4, etc.] + + +§ 7. DIALECT. + +In what dialect King Horn was originally composed, it is not easy to +determine. This is a particularly difficult matter because the real +pronunciation is disguised behind a great diversity of written forms. +Under the circumstances the only safe guide is to be found in the rimes. +Even these are very unsatisfactory since they are too few to permit any +safe generalizations. For instance, it is impossible to apply +satisfactorily Prof. Hempl’s -wǭ-, -wō- test (cf. _Journ. of Germ. +Phil._ I, pp. 14-30). In a similar way it is impossible to apply +Pogatscher’s ingenious test by means of the shortened product of WG. +_ā_, WS. _ǣ_ (cf. _Anglia_, xxiii, pp. 301 ff.) because of want of rime +material. Another difficulty in using the rime-test is the double +pronunciation indicated, notably in the case of WS. -eald-, éa- as the +result of contraction (_e.g._ WS. _sléan_), and of words with initial +palatal ȝ- (_e.g._, WS. _geong_). Cf. examples below. + +From a consideration of the phonology of the poem Wissmann concludes +(King Horn, Untersuchungen, Strassburg, 1876, p. 33) that, “Im +Allgemeinen ist der Charakter des Vocalismus ein südöstlicher, der +jedoch von dem kentischen in vielen Punkten sich unterscheidet. Die +grösste Wahrscheinlichkeit hat Essex als Gegend der Entstehung für +sich.” A further investigation reveals to me no reason for dissenting +from this view. Some of the more prominent features of the phonology are +as follows: + +In all of the three MSS. the sign _æ_ has been disused. In its place +occurs, now _a_, now _e_, so that the indication of pronunciation is +often ambiguous. That the letter _a_ sometimes denotes the _æ_ sound +seems certain (cf. Wissmann, Untersuchungen, as above, p. 10). The +original pure #ă#, as in some districts of America, had nearly +disappeared, or been lengthened, or become _o_ or part of a diphthong. +The letter _a_ was thus left free to denote the _æ_ sound, though +sometimes assisted in this function by the letter _e_. + +OE. _æ̆_ and OE. _ǣ_ (_ē_) shortened. + +In the North and the Midland, OE. _æ̆_ and _ǣ_ (umlaut of WG. _ai_) +shortened, appear as _a_, OE. (WS.) _ǣ_ (= WG. _ā_) shortened usually as +_e_. In the West-Southern and Middle-Southern, (1) early writings have +_e_ (_æ_, _ea_), (2) later writings have _a_. In Kentish and +East-Southern the prevailing vowel is _e_. (Cf. Morsbach, §§ 96-105.) + +In K. H. OE. _æ̆_ appears (1) in C usually as _a_ (one exception _bed_ +536), (2) in H as _e_, e.g., _sumwet_ : _net_ 725-6, (3) in L as _a_ or +_e_. OE. _ǣ_ (i-umlaut) shortened seems to have been written the same. +Cf. 5-6, 653-4, 1249-50, with some variations from the rule in 21-2, +553-4, 1305-6, 701-2 C H. The pronunciation of this shortened OE. _ǣ_ +(_i_-umlaut) seems to have been _e_. Cf. _geste_ : _feste_ 553-4, +1305-6, _biweste_ : _laste_ 5-6. Apparent evidence to the contrary are +_haste_ : _laste_ 653-4 C L (but _beste_ : _leste_ H), and _icaste_ : +_ilaste_ 701-2 C H (but _keste_ L), _hadde_ : _ladde_ 21-2, _hadde_ : +_dradde_ 1249-50 C L, but _hedde_ : _dredde_ 1249-50 H. + +Note 1. OE. (WS.) _ǣ_ must have had a close pronunciation (_ẹ̄_) if we +may judge from the rimes; _here_ : _lere_ 241-2, _lede_ : _ȝede_ +309-10 C, _ete_ : _suete_ 1349-50, _lere_ : _yfere_ 257-8, _swete_ : +_forlete_ 231-2, _seche_ : _speche_ 183-4, 483-4, etc. Or perhaps we +must conclude that _ẹ̄_ close and _ę̄_ open were not carefully +distinguished in rime, for cf. _stede_ : _drede_ 273-4 C, and Note 2. + +Note 2. OE. _a_ when lengthened in open syllables seems to have had an +open _ę̄_ sound. Cf. _makede_ : _verade_ 179-80, _þere_ : _fare_ 497-8 L +H, _speke_ : _take_ 567-8, _þere_ : _aylmere_ 537-8 L, C H, 1613-14, +_ȝate_ : _late_ 1123-4 C, 1593-4 C, _brake_ : _gate_ 1157-8 C, _lede_ : +_made_ 1501-2 L H, _slape_ : _rape_ 1531-2 C. Cf. also the _ai_ : _ei_ +rimes. L and H write _ai_, _ay_, _ei_, and _ey_ without distinction. Cf. +1087-8 L, 1361-2 C, 1399-1400, etc. + +Note 3. Pogatscher’s ingenious test (_Anglia_, xxiii, 301 ff.) can not +be applied here, because, so far as I can see, there are no instances of +rimes with shortened OE. _ǣ_ (WG. _ā_). This _ǣ_ with original length +occurs in rime, now with _a_ lengthened in open syllable (cf. Note 2, +above), now with _ē_. Cf. _seche_ : _speche_ 183-4, _swete_ : _forlete_ +231-2, etc. + +On the whole, then, we may conclude that it is possible to assume for +K. H. the East-Southern product _e_, but that if we do so we must also +assume either inaccuracy in the rimes or a mixed dialect. + +WS. _ea_ before _l_ + consonant is written, sometimes _eld_, sometimes +_old_. It seems also to have had a double pronunciation. Both +pronunciations are supported by rimes. Such rimes as _welde_ : _ȝelde_ +513-14 C H, _felde_ : _welde_ 451-2 H, _bihelde_ : _felde_ 901-2, +support one pronunciation based on the OE. (WS.) breaking _ea_ before +_l_ + cons., while _Admirad_ : _bald_ C, _amyraud_ : _baud_ L, +_Admyrold_ : _bold_ H 95-6, seem to testify to the unbroken sound in OE. +lengthened before _-ld_ to _ā_ and then opened to _ǭ_. For other +instances with varying spelling cf. 17-18, 323-4, 397-8, 639-40, +1499-1500. In v. 497 the L reading _talede_ seems to represent the OE. +broken form as opposed to the unbroken form _tolde_ in #C# and #H#. + +OE. _ĕ_. There are many instances of _e_ : _i_ rimes. But it is +seemingly impossible to determine thereby much concerning the dialect. +(Cf. Morsb. §§ 109, 114, N. 1.) For examples of this rime, cf. _wïlle_ : +_telle_ 383-4, 1015-16 C; _stille_ : _duelle_ 393-4 C; _þikke_ : _nekke_ +1327-8; _snelle_ : _wille_ 1581-2 C, etc. + +The form _sigge_ seems to belong especially to the South-East. (Morsb. +114, N. 1, 109, N. 4, also Wissman, King Horn, p. xiv.) Cf. K. H. vv. +1367-8, _ligge_ : _wiþsegge_ C, _ligge_ : _sigge_ L; _lygge_ : +_wiþsugge_ H. + +OE. _ȳ̆_, umlaut of _ū̆_ offers many difficulties. It is represented in +writing by _y_, _i_, _u_, _e_. The rimes show the prevailing sound to +have been _e_; e.g., _Suddenne_ : _kenne_ 155-6, 923-4, _pelle_ : +_fulle_ 421-2, _leste_ : _beste_ 505-6, also 617-18, 671-2, 647-8, +703-4, 917-18, 919-20 L, 805-6, 795-6, 1479-80, 1637-8, 1341-2, 1367-8, +etc. But cf. _y_ : _i_ in _kesse_ : _ywisse_ 461-2 C H, _liȝte_ : +_driȝte_ 1405-6 C. That _y_ : _i_ rimes should occur, might be expected +in view of the vague distinction between _e_ and _i_ as shown by the +_e_ : _i_ rimes, but the number of _y_ : _e_ rimes attests to a +pronunciation _e_. This is the strongest available evidence that K. H. +was composed in the south-eastern district. + +That the dialect of King Horn is a mixed dialect is supported by the +treatment of _æ_ above, by the double pronunciation of WS. _-eald_, and +by further double pronunciations. OE. (WS.) _slēan_, _flēan_ seem to +have had double pronunciations. The _ō_ pronunciation is attested to by +the rime, _slon_ : _vpon_ C, _slon_ : _on_ L H, 47-8. The OE. _e͞a_ is +rendered probable by the written forms, _sle_ : _fle_ 1467-8 C, etc. +Other double pronunciations are _ȝonge_ : _ispronge_ 579-80, and more +frequently the _i_ rime _ȝonge_ : _bringe_ 295-6, _ringe_ : _ȝonge_ +599-600. + +Prof. Hempl’s _-wǭ-_, _-wō-_ test does not yield very definite results +in this text, but seems to indicate a southern dialect. Cf. _two_ : _þo_ +53-4 C, 37-8 L H, _go_ : _also_ 103-4, 107-8 L H, _wo_ : _þo_ 121-2, +279-80. But cf. _wo_ : _do_ 291-2. This might perhaps be cited as +another evidence of mixed dialect. + +For consonants we have no definite rime tests, and consequently can +learn concerning them little more than the scribal preferences. In all +three texts, however, the southern forms are the favoured ones; e.g. +_ȝeue_, _ȝate_. Here again, however, we have double forms; e.g. +_wurche_ : _chirche_ 1481-2, but _werke_ : _derke_ 1547-8 C H; +_yliche_ : _riche_ 19, 20, 357-8; _ilike_ : _biswike_ 305-6, though, +perhaps, we are to seek the explanation of these double forms in +difference of vowel-ending rather than in difference of dialect. + +From the inflections as from the consonants we can gain no very exact +information, and for the same reason. The evidence, however, such as it +is, points in the same direction, toward the south. The regular endings +of the present indicative seem to be _-e_, _-est_, _-eþ_ for the +singular and _-eþ_ for the plural. The forms are not numerous on account +of the infrequent use of the present tense. There are some departures +from these normal endings. _ben_ occurs occasionally in the plural of +the verb ‘be’; _e.g._ 882 L, 1643 C L, 177 H. Other traces of the +Midland ending _-en_ are to be seen, _wilen_ 2 L, 7 H, etc. Such forms +as _þou seydes_ 588 L, _þou biginnes_ 608 L, _wepes þou_ 696 L, are +probably to be explained as mistakes of the scribe of this MS., who +frequently leaves off a final consonant. + +The conservative forms of the past participle, preserving the old prefix +as _i-_ or _y-_, also indicate a southern dialect for the scribes at +least. + +The personal pronouns preserve the conservative southern forms, rare +exceptions being _sche_ 380 L, in place of the normal _he_, and _þei_ +1557 C, _þe_ 55 L, for the normal _hi_. + +From what has been said above, it seems fairly certain that the original +dialect was a southern one, and probably a south-eastern one. There are, +however, some features which distinguish the dialect of Horn from the +Kentish. (Cf. Morsbach, § 9, b.) For instance, I may cite the history of +the breaking _ea_ before _r_ + cons. In K. H. this is usually written +_a_. (Cf. 481-2, 751-2, 1147-8.) But in case of lengthening before +_-rn_, we see that the OE. broken _ea_ pronunciation must have been the +basis; e.g., _werne_ : _berne_ C L, _werne_ : _berne_ H, 753-4, 985-6, +749-50 L, 1513-14 H, _erne_ : _werne_ 937-8 H. The combinations _ē̆o_, +_ī̆o_, _ēa_ are very regularly monophthonged, not preserving any of the +Kentish diversity of form. + +The time of composition must have been fairly late, as we must infer +from the number of French words even in the rimes. That K. H. was +composed later than the beginning of the 13th century, we may conclude +from the fact that OE. _ā_ has been regularly converted into _-ǭ-_. Cf. +_drof_ : _of_ 129-30, _forsoke_ : _loke_ 799-800, etc. That it was +composed in the second half of the century seems certain from the +regularity of the conversion of _ā_ to _ǭ-_, and further from the +lengthening of short vowels in open syllables. Of this latter phenomenon +we have very few certain instances. Such rimes, however, as _þere_ : +_fare_ 497-8 L H and _stede_ : _drede_ 273-4 C, seem to be certain +enough. (Cf. also 179-80, 537-8, 567-8, 1123-4 C, 1157-8 C, 1501-2 L H, +1531-2 C, 1613-14.) + + +§ 8. MANUSCRIPTS. + +The English story of King Horn is preserved in three MSS. + +1. The Cambridge University MS. Gg. 4. 27, 2, which forms the nucleus of +the present volume, is merely a fragment of fourteen folios. It contains +on its first folios the latter part of the story of Floris and +Blauncheflur, which is printed in the present volume. This is followed +by King Horn entire, which is followed by the fragment, printed in this +volume, of the Assumption. + +The Cambridge MS. is written in a very plain book-hand, apparently of +the latter half of the 13th century. The folios are written in double +columns, and occasionally, since the lines are short, two lines are +joined in one. The initial letters are written a little apart from the +rest, and are marked with strokes of red. + +This text of King Horn is the one printed by Lumby in the first edition +of the present volume. + +2. Laud Misc. MS. 108 is well known because containing one of the +earliest collections of legends. It contains sixty-one legends (the +Southern Cycle) followed by three religious poems, these in turn +followed by the romances of Havelok and Horn, and these followed by +three further legends, in a later hand of the 15th century. + +The MS. is written in double columns on parchment, and probably dates +back to 1325. The texts of Horn and Havelok are written in a fine +book-hand. The lives that are appended are written in a later, much less +formal hand. + +[For full description of the MS. and its contents, see C. Horstmann, +Altenglische Legenden, pp. x-xii, Paderborn, 1875.] + +This text of King Horn is printed by C. Horstmann in Herrig’s Archiv, +1872, pp. 39-58. + +3. Harleian MS. 2253 is well known to all connoisseurs of early lyric +poetry. It seems to be the collection of a genuine lover of poetry. In +the words of the Brit. Mus. Catalogue it is, “A parchment book in small +folio, written by several hands, upon several subjects; partly in old +French, partly in Latin, and partly in old English; partly in prose, +partly in verse.” The lyrical poems have been reprinted by T. Wright +(Specimens of Lyric Poetry, Percy Society, London, 1842), who believes +that the collection had its origin in the Abbey of Leominster in +Herefordshire. The English poems have also been published by Dr. K. +Böddeker (Altenglische Dichtungen des MS. Harl. 2253. Berlin, 1878). + +The MS. is written in an informal, but legible hand, probably of the +early 14th century. The writer of the text of King Horn seems to have +been acquainted with the French version of the story, as we must infer +from his substitution of Allof (R. H. aaluf) for Murry. The word _geste_ +in the heading, and the French orthography throughout, together with +occasional forms as _enimis_ 1024 H, nom. sing. of enemy (cf. Note), +659 H, _maister_ gen. sing., 123 L, Horns, nom. sing. go along with the +evidence of the French associations of the MS., to make us believe that +the scribe was an Anglo-Norman. + +This text of King Horn has been printed by J. Ritson (Anc. Engl. Metr. +Rom., London, 1882, II, pp. 91-155). + +We thus see that for the preservation of King Horn we are indebted to +(1) a fragment of a collection of stories, (2) a southern collection of +legends, to which have been appended Havelok and Horn, (3) a genuine +literary collection probably made in Herefordshire by an Anglo-Norman. + +Of these MSS. no one is derived from either of the others. To indicate +their interrelations, I will borrow the diagram of Wissmann expressing +the result of his studies in this matter. (Cf. Wissmann, King Horn, p. +v, Strassburg, 1881.) + +[Illustration: + + U + / \__ + / \_ + / __x + / ___/ | + / ___/ | + / / | + _y_ | + __/ \___ | + __/ \___ | + __/ \_z_ + / ___/ \___ + H ___/ \___ + / \ + L C ] + + +FLORIS AND BLAUNCHEFLUR. + + § 1. _Introductory_, p. xxx. + § 2. _History_, p. xxx. + § 3. _English Version_, p. xxxvii. + § 4. _Dialect_, p. xxxix. + § 5. _Date of Composition_, p. xli. + § 6. _Versification_, p. xlii. + § 7. _Manuscripts_, p. xlii. + + +§ 1. INTRODUCTORY. + +If in King Horn we have a story Germanic in descent, and betraying +everywhere traces of its Germanic origin, in Floris and Blauncheflur we +have a romance of extraneous, probably ultimately of oriental origin, +and the contrast is in many ways interesting and instructive. The love +element, which in King Horn plays so large a part, in Fl. and Bl. is the +all in all. This story of all-absorbing passion, which in spite of +seemingly insurmountable obstacles and desperate perils, in the end +reunites the devoted lovers, was one of the most popular during the +Middle Ages, and one of the earliest to be imported from the East. The +history of the tale vies in interest with the story itself. The story in +a perplexing variety of versions spread over all the countries of +Christendom, as we shall see later. It seems to be the basis of the +charming _chantefable_, Aucassin and Nicolete, which Andrew Lang and +Walter Pater have made so well known to the modern world. The English +version, which unfortunately is incomplete at the beginning in each one +of the four manuscripts in which it has been written down, was probably +derived directly from one of the French versions, as we shall see. + + +§ 2. HISTORY. + +_(a) Origin._ + +The story of Floris and Blauncheflur is probably an oriental product, +and shows many traces of Byzantine influence. It was one of the first of +these oriental tales to be retailed in the Occident and had a wide +circulation in all the countries of western Christendom, from Spain and +Italy to the Scandinavian North. Its route from East to West it is not +easy to trace with certainty, though the Crusades were quite probably +the means of its importation. Further than this it is not easy to +determine. The Provençals, whose active part in the Crusades is well +known, may have been the agents, or, as is so often the case with the +oriental tales, it may have been imported in a Latin dress. + +The history of the story in the West is complicated on account of the +puzzling multiplicity of versions among which it is sometimes +exceedingly difficult to determine the interrelations. The clue to the +difficulty was early hinted at by Sommer (E. Sommer, Einl. zu R. Fleckes +Flore und Blaunscheflur, Quedlingburg und Leipzig, 1846), and more +recently the matter has been very thoroughly explained by Herzog +(H. Herzog, Die beiden Sagenkreise von Flore und Blanscheflur, Wien, +1884) in his investigation of the subject. Herzog points out that there +are to be distinguished in the Occident, two distinct general versions +of the story. In the first of these, #A#, seems to be preserved the +story in its original and genuine form. The second of these versions, +#B#, seems to be a remodelling of the original version in the attempt to +adapt to common folk a story in its existing form intended for higher +circles of society.[I-13] For this purpose slight allusions in #A#, are +expanded in #B# into striking incidents. To bring out into strong light +the injustice of Floris’s father and the final triumph of true love, +supernatural and horrible elements and episodes are introduced. Since +these new elements are of a kind common in other Byzantine tales, it is +concluded that the remodelling of the story had already taken place +before the importation from the East. + +The second of these imported versions, #B#, first circulated in Italy, +in Spain and in Greece. It also seems, somewhat indirectly as we shall +see, to have served as a basis for the second French version and for one +group of the German _Volksbücher_. The versions of #B#, if we leave the +second French version out of consideration, all represent the parents of +Blauncheflur as Italian, and in part have the same names for the +characters. This circumstance, with other corroborating facts, seems to +indicate that version #B# first took root in Italy, and from there +spread into Spain and into Greece, possibly its original home. + +Version #A#, on the other hand, seems first to have been imported into +France, the great jobbing nation of the Middle Ages in all sorts of +romantic stuffs and materials. From France it was early retailed to +Germany, to England, to Scandinavia, and, possibly, to Italy. From +Germany in turn it was re-exported into Bohemia. Version #A# was without +doubt the first to become known, since we find it not only in the Old +French, but in the Germanic versions springing from a French source, in +an unperverted state. All the different versions of #B#, on the other +hand, have been very noticeably influenced by #A#, indicating that the +arrival of #B# was after #A# had become established and well known. + + +_(b) In France._ + +We encounter the story of _Floris and Blauncheflur_ earliest in France, +and the French seem to have been the first to make the story a subject +for poetic treatment. The story appears in French, besides in two songs +celebrating episodes in this tale of true love, in two distinct +versions. The earliest of these versions, which we may designate as I., +had its origin, it seems, about 1160.[I-14] (Cf. F. Steinmeyer, H Z, +xxi, 319.) Certain it is that a French version of #A# must have existed +about 1170, to serve as a basis for one of the German (the low Rhenish) +versions, Floyris und Blanscheflur. This French version, #I#, seems to +represent fairly well the #A# general form of the story. As so often in +the case of other romances, the _jongleurs_ tried to bring this foreign +importation into the cycle of French story by connecting in bonds of +kinship, its characters with the names celebrated in French epic. +Blauncheflur is represented as being the mother of Bertha of the big +foot, the wife of Pepin, father of Charlemagne.[I-15] + +Du Méril (E. du Méril, Floire et Blancheflor, Paris, 1876) in discussing +the interrelations of the two French versions, characterizes one as a +version for a select public, “_version aristocratique_,” and the second +as a version for the entertainment of the masses, “_version populaire_.” +The French II. version, the “_version populaire_,” is, according to +Herzog, p. 4, the result of a sort of fusion of the #A# and #B# general +forms of the story,[I-16] with which have been woven in various episodes +which elsewhere are not known to either general form of the story, #A# +or #B#. Herzog further on continues (p. 11), “Ich halte dafür dass +dieselbe (the OF. II. version) ebenfalls aus Italien nach Frankreich +hinübergewandert ist, wo ihr Bearbeiter den Inhalt des zweiten Kreises +mit dem ihm geläufigen ersten Kreise so verschmolzen hat, dass dieser +einige nur dem zweiten Sagenkreise angehörige Züge ganz verdrängte.” + +The general style and manner of handling the story is quite different in +the two French versions. The “_version aristocratique_” preserves the +traits of an oriental romance, and Floire is represented as a love-sick +youth. “_Sans li ne puis jou pas aprendre_” he replies when his father +proposes to educate him alone. There is hardly a more sentimental +passage in literature than the one in I. (212-266) describing the +school-days of the children: + + _Ensamble vont, ensamble vienent + Et la joie d’amor maintient + Nus d’aus deus chose ne savoit + Que lués a l’autre ne disoit. + . . . . . . . . . . . . + On ooient parler d’amors. + Ensamble lisent et aprendent; + A la joie d’amor entendent: + Un vergier a li peres Floire + . . . . . . . . . . . . + D’amors i chantent li oisel. + Quant il mangoient et bevoient + Li oisel seure aus se séoient; + Des oiseles oent les chans: + Cou est la vie as deus enfans. + . . . . . . . . . . . . + Et quant a l’escole venoient + Lor tables d’yvoire prenoient, + Adont lor veissiez escrire + Letres et vers d’amors en cire. + Letres et salus font d’amors + Du chant des oisiaus et des flors._ + +The writer of I. is evidently a genuine poet, though perhaps somewhat of +the ‘spring poet’ order. He exalts the sentiment of love, as we have +seen, and feelingly describes the elaborately constructed tomb +(vv. 530-652), the finely wrought cup (vv. 431-498), and the birds and +flowers and fountains and trees of the gardens of the king and of the +‘Admiral.’ He dwells in sensuous fondness in his enumeration equally of +the fine stuffs and precious stones; the _mantiaus_, _vairs osterins_ +and _bliaus indes porprins_ (429-30), or the _saffirs_ and _calcidoines_ +and _boines jagonses_ and _sardoines_, etc. (1755-77), and of flowers +and trees; the “_poivre, canele et garingal_,” or the “_encens, girofle +et citoval_,” or the _beuns_, the _plantoine_, the _alïer_, the _boins +figiers_, the _peschiers_, the _periers_ and the _noiers_ (1761-8). + +The “_version populaire_,” on the other hand, seems to be adapted +somewhat to the ideal of the native French epic, and Floire is +represented as a model of courage and knightly virtue, in a class with +the _douze pers_ and the other heroes of the Charlemagne cycle of +stories. The writer interpolates scenes in which Floire may display his +fighting qualities. In the early part of the story, he returns from +school just in time to rescue Blauncheflur, who is about to be committed +to the flames. He accomplishes her rescue by acting as her champion and +fighting the seneschal, who has accused her of attempting to poison the +king. The combat is a stirring one quite in the manner of the _Chansons +de geste_ (vv. 920-1160). On the journey to Babylon, Floire has heroic +adventures in a battle with Diogenes, son of Samones, king of the city +of Fusis (1854-1984). Later, when the trial of Fl. and Bl. is +interrupted by the arrival of an invader, Jonas de Handreas, Fl. offers +to vanquish the invaders if his life be spared. At first he is +unsuccessful in his attempt, but after being taken prisoner by the +invaders, he is aroused by the reproachful words of Bl. and breaking +loose, slays Jonas, thus delivering the city and winning Bl. +(3120-3410). The writer of II. emphasizes the battle scenes at the +expense of the descriptive passages, devoting to the description of the +tomb only 32 verses, and to that of the wonderful cup, only 14. He seems +also to be of a practical turn of mind, and instead of fondly +enumerating the gems received for Bl., describes rather the +circumstances of the sale. Babyloine is a rich city with no poor, and +has a rent of three thousand ounces of gold each day (vv. 2319, 2342). +From all these instances one can see that the sweet and sentimental tale +of the I. version is quite modified in II. If we agree with Herzog that +this version was the result of the blending of the #B# version imported +from Italy, with the #A# version, which was already well known in +France, we must conclude also that this “_version populaire_” is +influenced by the ideals of contemporary French poetry of native origin, +by the manners and conventions of the _chansons de geste_, and the +heroic romances springing from or influenced by them. + + +_(c) Provence._ + +Among the troubadours of Provence the story of Fl. and Bl. was early +known and popular, as one must judge from the very frequent allusions. +There is, however, no proof of the existence of a Provençal romance. + + +_(d) In Germany._ + +In Germany are to be encountered many versions of the popular story. The +earliest one seems to have been the Low Rhenish poem Floyris and +Blaunchiflur, of about 3700 lines, translated by an unknown poet about +1170 (Steinmeyer, H. Z. xxi, 307-331). To the middle of the 13th century +belongs the MHG. poem in 8006 lines by Konrad Fleck, composed, quite +independently of the Low Rhenish version above mentioned, after an OF. +original. (Ed. by E. Sommer, Quedlingburg u. Leipzig, 1846.) Somewhat +younger is the Mid. Low Germ. poem, _Floris ende Blancefloer_ of 3983 +lines (Ed. by H. von Fallensleben, Leipzig, 1836, and by H. E. Moltzer, +Groningen, 1879, in the _Bibl. van Middelnederlands Letterkunde_). The +poet, Dideric van Assenede, says, himself, that he derived his material +from the “Walsche.”[I-17] As a matter of fact his original seems to have +been French. To the third half of the 14th century belongs the Low Germ. +poem _Flosse un Blankflosse_ of 1534 lines (Ed. by Stephan Waetzoldt, +Bremen, 1880), which also seems to go back to a French original.[I-18] + +If we look more closely into the question of the French original of the +German poems, we must assume a version, χ, earlier than the version +preserved in the three existing MSS. of French I. version. These three +MSS. may be classed into a group, _z_, whose chief characteristic is the +attempted suicide of Floris in the Lion pit. This scene appears in two +of the existing MSS., and the writer of the third MS. seems to have had +the scene in his original but to have left it out. (Cf. H. Sundmacher, +_Die altfrz. u. mittelhd. Bearbeitung der Sage von Fl. und Bl._, diss. +Göttingen, 1872.) Among the German versions it appears only in the LG. +_Flosse un Blankflosse_. The other German versions must rest on an OF. +version, χ, which at the hands of Fleck[I-19] underwent an artistic +reconstruction, but at the hands of Dideric was translated simply, +without the addition of any new ideas by the adapter. + +In addition to these early German versions must be mentioned two groups +of _Volksbücher_: (1) from Boccaccio’s Filocolo, (2) from Fleck’s poem, +also a Bohemian adaptation and a German Jewish adaptation, +(Cf. Hausknecht, ed. of Fl. u. Bl., pp. 13-20, Berlin, 1885.) + + +_(e) In Scandinavia._ + +Our story had a wide circulation also in the North, as one must infer +from the number of Scandinavian versions preserved: (1) the old Norweg. +fragment of a saga (ed. by G. Storm, _Nordisk Tidskrift for Filologi og +Pædagogik_, Copenhagen, 1874, pp. 24-28), (2) the complete Icelandic +saga of _Flóres ok Blankiflúr_, (3) the fragments of a second Icelandic +Saga (ed. by Brynjolf Snorrason, _Annaler for nordisk old kyndighed og +historie_, 1850); (4) the Old Swed. poem (ed. by E. Klemming, _Samlingar +utgifna af svenska formskrift-sällskapet_, I., Stockholm, 1844); and (5) +the Danish translations from the Swedish (ed. by C. J. Brandt, +_Romantisk Digtning fra Middelalderen_, I. and II. København, 1869-77). +The distinguishing characteristic of the Northern versions is the +conclusion. According to the Norse version, Floris, to refute the charge +that he has gained admittance to Bl.’s tower by the use of magic tricks, +offers to fight in single combat the bravest of the Admiral’s knights. +In the ensuing combat he overcomes the Admiral’s champion, and receives +as his guerdon, Blauncheflur. If we accept Herzog’s conclusions (pp. 15, +35, 45-6, 66) we must assume as an original for the Scandinavian +versions, a French original, N, with the ending peculiar to the Northern +versions. The development from this original is shown by the following +plan (also borrowed from Herzog, p. 92). + +[Illustration: + + Fr. N + \ + \ + Norw. M* + / \ + / \ + / \ + Icel. M Norw. N* + / \ + / \ + / \ + Icel. N Swed. + | + | + Dan. ] + + +_(f) In Italy._ + +In Italy also the story of Fl. and Bl. enjoyed great popularity. The two +chief versions were: (1) the _Cantare_, written by a popular poet in +_ottave rime_; and (2) Boccaccio’s youthful production, his first prose +romance, _Filocolo_. That the I. version of the story, the one most +popular in France, was also current in Italy, we see in these two +versions, both of which show, in addition to the special traits of II., +many traits peculiar to version I. To determine exactly the +interrelations of these two versions is no easy matter. From allusions +in the _Filocolo_ we know that the _Cantare_ was the older. Internal +evidence, however, forbids the supposition that the _Filocolo_ has +sprung from the _Cantare_. Rather the two versions go back to a common +source. This Italian, or Franco-Italian, version, which probably had no +differences of real moment from the _Cantare_ in its present form, must +in many points have been more ample and complete, and in individual +instances nearer the French tradition, than the _Cantare_ is. + +In connection with the Italian group must also be mentioned the Greek +poem of Florios and Platziaflore, composed in the 14th century and +founded upon the _Cantare_. + + +_(g) In Spain._ + +In Spain we find allusion to our story already in the 13th century, when +the _Gran conquista de Vltramar_ refers to Fl. and Bl. as the most +devoted pair of lovers that one had ever heard of. But there is no proof +of the existence of a Spanish version of the story as early as this. In +the year 1512, appeared at Alcala the prose romance, _Flores y +Blancaflor_, which is current to the present day. The close relationship +of this to the Italian versions is very evident. Its source, however, +seems hardly to be directly the _Cantare_. The beginning of the Spanish +romance, which is entirely peculiar to this version, points rather to a +version in the North of Italy, which the Spanish adapter has quite +probably translated into Spanish without important alteration. + + [Footnote I-13: G. Paris distinguishes three general versions, two + French versions and a third, “Roman” version, in which the parents + of Blauncheflur are not French but Roman.] + + [Footnote I-14: The evidence cited by G. Paris, consists of + allusions to--(1) History of Troy, (2) Siege of Troy, (3) Aeneid, + etc. The place of origin, according to G. Paris, was probably in + the region about Beauvais, lying between Normandy, Picardy and the + Île de France.] + + [Footnote I-15: Perhaps this is a mere coincidence, since in a + poem about Berthe, her father happens to be named ‘Florie,’ a + Florie with a different history, _roi de Hongrie_. Later this + relationship was commonly assumed. In the _Gran Conquista de + Vltramar_, the story of Berthe is intercalated. She is daughter of + Blancaflor and Flores.] + + [Footnote I-16: G. Paris makes this II. version the sole + representative of a third distinct form of the story, the 2^o of + his general classification, 1^o, 2^o, 3^o.] + + [Footnote I-17: That is to say, French or Italian.] + + [Footnote I-18: This version was evidently not translated from a + French MS. but written from memory. The details are not always + exactly identical with those of the French, though often so, + enough so to make the origin of the poem unmistakable though it is + much condensed and the order of events somewhat transposed.] + + [Footnote I-19: Fleck’s work is a paraphrase. The details are + identical but are amplified to 8006 verses.] + + +§ 3. ENGLISH VERSION. + +The story of Fl. and Bl. found its way into England in the 13th century, +that is to say, when it had been for a hundred years familiar to French +hearers and after it had already spread into many lands outside of +France. As has been said, the English version goes back to a French +original. This original was certainly of the I. form. Of the features +peculiar to the French II. version, the English version does not show +one, while it agrees with the French I. version to the extent of exact +translation of many phrases and verses and even of reproduction of +French rime-words. At the same time the French original that lay before +the English adapter can not have been the text exactly as it is +preserved in any one of the three extant French MSS., but rather an +older, or purer text which we have designated by χ, a distinguishing +feature of which is the absence of the attempted suicide of Floris in +the lion pit. The text that must be assumed as the original of the +English poem must have been very similar to the original from which +Fleck and Dideric derived their German versions, but not exactly +identical as is evidenced by frequent slight divergences. + +The English poet has not expanded and amplified by the addition of +further details or by the introduction of personal reflections, as the +German Fleck has done. He has presented the essential features of the +love story as it impressed him, in a condensed form to be sure, at the +same time without bareness or baldness. Unlike the adapter of the Low +Rhenish condensed version, he has preserved the original order of +incidents, and has usually preserved faithfully the smallest details +that have any essential bearing on the plot. + +Some idea of the English writer’s fidelity to the details and even to +the phraseology of his French original, and of his method of +translating, may be gained from the following parallel passages: + + _Que bien sorent parler latin_ + _Et bien escrivre en parchemin_ + vv. 263-4. + + _Inouȝ þey couþ of latyne_ + _And wel wryte on parchemyn_ + vv. 33-4. + + _Faites la moi tost demander_ + _Ja li ferai le chief couper._ + vv. 399-400. + + _Let do bryng forþ þat mayde,_ + _Fro þe body þe heved schal goo._ + vv. 140-41. + + _Et il l’a tant bien acatée_ + _Qu’a fin or l’a sept fois pesée._ + vv. 507-8. + + _Þe amyral hur bouȝt anoon_ + _And gafe for hur, as she stood upryȝt,_ + _Seven sythes of gold her wyȝt._ + vv. 194-6. + + _Ci gist la bele Blanceflor_ + _A cui Floires ot grant amor._ + vv. 651-2. + + _Here liþ swete Blauncheflur_ + _Þat Floris loved par amur._ + vv. 217-18. + + _Un grafe a trait de son rapier_ + . . . . . . . . . . + _En son cuer bouter le voloit,_ + _Quant sa mere cou apercoit._ + vv. 787-890. + + _His knif he droȝ ut of his scheþe_ + _And to his herte hit hadde ismite,_ + _Nadde his moder hit underȝite._ + vv. 308-10. + +The _grafe_ is elaborately described in vv. 788-98: + + _Li roi li done un palefroi,_ + _Qui d’une part estoit tous blans,_ + _De l’autre rouges comme sans._ + vv. 964-6. + + _Þe king let sadel a palfray_ + _Þe oon half white, so mylke_ + _And þat oþer reed, so sylk._ + vv. 382-4. + + _Fius, fait ele, gardez le bien;_ + _Tant com l’aurez, mar _cremez_ rien;_ + _Car vous ja rien ne requer(r)iez_ + _Que tost ou tard vous ne l’aiez_ + vv. 1003-6. + + _Mi sone, he rede, have þis ring;_ + _While he is þin, ne dute noþing._ + . . . . . . . . . + _And be hit erli and be hit late_ + _To þi wil þu schalt habbe whate._ + vv. 393-8. + + _La le troevent ou siet, sous l’arbre,_ + _Sor un perron qui fu de marbre._ + vv. 1355-6. + + _Þe briggere he fond ate frome,_ + _Sittinde on a marble ston._ + vv. 558-9. + + _Le millor conseil que jou sai_ + v. 1858. + + _Þe beste red þat ihc þe can_ + v. 742. + + _Si maudient qui s i foula_ + v. 2060. + + _Hi beden God ȝive him wel fin_ + _Þat so manie flures dide þerin_ + vv. 855-6. + + _Des flors sali un paveillon_ + _Des eles feri mon menton;_ + _Del paveillon tel paor oi,_ + _Que m’escriai plus tost que poi_ + vv. 2093-6. + + _Þer fliste ut a buterfliȝe,_ + _Are ihc wiste, on mine iȝe._ + _So sore ihc uas offerd of þan,_ + _Þat ihc loude crie bigan_ + vv. 889-92. + + _Bele compaigne, Blanceflor,_ + _Volez vous veoir bele flor?_ + vv. 2117-18. + + _And sede, “Swete Blauncheflur,_ + _Wiltu se a wel fair flur?”_ + vv. 897-8. + + _Damoisele qui a amor_ + _Et joie en soi, doit avoir flor._ + vv. 2124-30. + + _Ho þat loveþ par amur,_ + _An haþ þerof joie, mai love flur._ + vv. 903-4. + +In spite of this number of tolerably exact correspondences, in word and +phrase, with the French original, the English poem is a condensed +adaptation rather than a slavish translation. As in the French II. +version, the tender and sentimental element is much condensed; but the +English writer, unlike the writer of French II., does not introduce the +heroic and warlike element in the form of duels and battles. He does not +amplify by adding new details, as Fleck did, nor does he confuse the +order of incidents as does the adapter of the Low Rhenish version. He +makes rather a faithful condensation quite after the manner of English +adapters from the French, which is no doubt to be explained as due not +so much to difference between the writers, English and French, as to a +difference between the hearing publics, French and English, for whom the +production was intended.[I-20] + +No doubt with his English public in mind, the English poet, in adapting +the story from the French, has modified to some extent the tenderness +and sentimentality, even at times the poetic descriptions, of his French +original (compare vv. 1117-1194 of the French with the corresponding +English vv. 457-72), and has omitted the enumeration of gems and of +precious stuffs suggestive of an elegance perhaps unintelligible to an +English speaking and hearing public at this time. The wonderful cup, to +the description of which 67 verses (431-498) are devoted in the French +romance, in the English poem is dismissed with 17 verses (163-184). The +garden so elaborately described in the French, vv. 1724-1835, in the +English poem occupies only vv. 685-732. The description of the knife +(_grafe_), which serves no other purpose than that of external adornment +in the French version (vv. 788-799), is entirely neglected in the +English translation. The translator’s method is well illustrated in the +case of the description of Floris’s equipage preliminary to setting out +on his journey. The description of the saddle and harness occupies 37 +verses (964-1000) of the French poem, and is dismissed by the English +translator with 5 (vv. 382-389), _I ne can telle ȝou noȝt Hu richeliche +þe sadel was wroȝt_, and three verses following. + +To sum up, the English version is a free, somewhat condensed, +translation from the French I. version. The translator has introduced +almost no new traits, and the extent of the condensation may be judged +by considering the 1296 verses of the English as compared with the 2974 +verses in the French I. version. The manner of the condensation has been +indicated. But with all the condensation, especially in the descriptive +passages, it is important to note that in the essential features of the +story, the translator follows his original faithfully, so that the main +outline of the story is preserved as accurately in English as in French. + + [Footnote I-20: This same consideration, as we have seen, probably + explains _in part_ the difference between the English King Horn + and the Norman French _Horn et Rigmenil_.] + + +§ 4. DIALECT. + +In Fl. and Bl. as in King Horn it is difficult to distinguish certain +criteria of dialect on account of the variety of orthography in the +different manuscripts. Here again the only safe guide is the rimes, and +the evidence of these is not entirely uniform for the different texts. +There is a great difference in age between MS. C, the oldest, and MS. T, +probably the youngest of the four MSS. Further there is a difference in +the dialects represented by the different scribes. The scribes of MSS. C +and Cott. were evidently southerners, and seem, here and there, to have +twisted the verses around to make them fit the Southern dialect. On the +other hand the later scribe of MS. T seems to have changed verses to +make them fit his later dialect. Either the phrases are less stereotyped +than in Horn or the poem was not so well known; in any event the scribes +of the individual texts seem to have allowed themselves greater +independence. The result is that the rime test here is not a sure one. +The evidence of rimes in MS. C is not necessarily valid for MS. T, and +_vice versā_; and which rimes indicate the pronunciation of the original +composer, it is often difficult to say. If we bear these points in mind +we may perhaps draw some satisfactory conclusions from the following +criteria: + +1. OE. _ȳ̆_ seems to have been pronounced _ī̆_. e.g.; _cusseþ_ : +_blisse_, _custe_ : _wiste_ 549-52 C, _ywys_ : _kysse_ 1067 T, _winne_ : +_kinne_ 806 C, _blisse_ : _kisse_ 786 C, _fylle_ : _wylle_ 738 T, +_lyke_ : _lyte_ 782 T. Only apparent exceptions are _meene_ : _kyne_ +274 T (these words do not rime together in the original), and _bygge_ : +_segge_ 989 T. _Ostesse_ : _kysse_ belongs only to MSS. T and Auch. + +2. If we apply Prof. Hempl’s _-wǭ-_, _-wọ̄-_ test we find some evidence +of a Midland dialect, e.g.; _too_ : _soo_ 94 T, _vndoo_ : _soo_ 74 T, +_also_ : _doo_ 224 T, 764 C, _soo_ : _doo_ 64 T, 336 T, 624 T, _so_ : +_fordo_ 307-8 C. This test applied to Fl. and Bl. is not certain in +itself, but supports the other evidence. That the test is uncertain we +see from the occurrence of apparently inaccurate rimes such as _hoom_ : +_doom_ 1079 T, 802 C, and from a few rimes which oppose the evidence of +those above cited, e.g., _þoo_ : _twoo_ 30 T, _two_ : _mo_ 218 T (and +Cott.), _so_ : _go_ 438 C, 824 C, _bo_ : _atuo_ 548 C, 614 C, _þo_ : +_so_ 666 C, _also_ : _bo_ 780 C, _whoom_ : _froom_ 70 T. It would seem +then that the change had affected the _ā_ in OE. _swā_ but not in _twā_ +and _hwā_. It must be noted that all the quoted _so_ rimes with _ọ̄_ +occur in MS. C, which, as we shall see later, has a strong Southern +colouring. + +3. The product of OE. _a_ before _l_ + cons. seems to be _a_, or with +lengthening before _-ed_, _ō_. e.g.; _wal_ : _cristal_ 273-4 C (also +609-10 T), _wolde_ : _golde_ 208 T, _tolde_ : _holde_, _sholde_ : +_holde_ 435-6 T (also 77-80 C), _wolde_ : _beholde_ 751 T (also +449-50 C), 769-70 T (also 471-2 C). Exceptions occur in the Southern +MSS. e.g.; _elde_ : _helde_ 102 Cott., _halle_ : _welle_ 230 C, +_welle_ : _alle_ 224 C, 280 C, but are not paralleled in MS. T.[I-21] + +4. The inflectional endings of the pres. indic. seem to be _-e_, _-est_, +_-eþ_ for the singular. There are rimes to prove the 3rd sing. in _-eþ_; +_seith_ : _withe_ 106 T, _he sit_ : _nabit_ 40 C, _geþ_ : _deþ_ 200 C +(also T and Cott.), 422 C (also T). The plural ending is less evident. +The Cambr. MS. has rcularly _-eþ_. e.g.; _habbeþ_ 20, _serueþ_ 1256, +_beoþ_ 294, 295, _weneþ_ 314, _leteȝ_ 448, _chaungeþ_ 510, _goþ_, +_seoþ_, _spekeþ_ 708 C, _crieþ_ 526; the T. MS. _-en_, e.g.; _seruen_ +590 T, _cryen_ 815 T, _ben_ 909 T, etc. That the _-eþ_ ending did not +belong to the original we may probably infer from the fact that while +the _-eþ_ of the 3rd sing. counts metrically, the _-eþ_ of the plural +usually does not. Cf. 20 C, 256 C, 448 C, 526 C, 708 C, etc. But cf. +_springeþ_ 296 C, _bisecheþ_ 765 C, _falleþ_ 786 C. These endings, then, +point to an East Midland dialect. Cf. also the rimes; _wepinge_ : +_bringe_ Cott. p. 105, _cusseþ_ : _blisse_ 549-50 C. + +5. OE. _æ̆_ (_e_) and shortened OE. _ǣ_, umlaut of WG. _ai_, or WG. _ā_. + +The OE. short _æ_ appears regularly as _a_. _trespas_ : _was_ 1043 T, +_orgas_ : _was_ 102 T, _Cesar_ : _bar_ 182 T, are probably to be +explained as due to one of the Southern scribes of MSS. C and Cott. e.g. +_vnderȝet_ : _set_ 166 C (but cf. _vnderȝat_ : _sat_ 98 C). The +shortening of OE. _ǣ_ (umlaut of WG. _ai_) also appears regularly as +_a_. e.g.; _glade_ : _ladde_ 480 T, _ilast_ : _cast_ 338 C, _glad_ : +_ilad_ 114 C. But cf. _lasse_ : _wytnesse_ 952 T. In the rime, _rest_ : +_mest_ 120 C, 384 C, it is impossible to determine whether the _ǣ_ is +shortened to _ĕ_, as in parts of the South, or the _ĕ_ is lengthened to +_ē_. The shortening of OE. _ǣ_ (WG. _ā_) does not occur in rime often +enough to permit any safe conclusion. The rimes _radde_ : _madde_ 826 T +and _radde_ : _hadde_ 1025 T, seem to show that the product of +shortening was _a_. That the representative of WG. _ā_ was the Saxon _ǣ_ +rather than the Anglian, and Kentish _ē_, seems probable from the rimes +_rede_ : _seide_ 21-2 T, 51-2 T, 215-16 T, 263-4 T (66 Cott.); _reede_ : +_deede_ 45-6 T, 53-4 T. + +From these criteria, which seem to be the best available, we may infer +that Fl. and Bl. belongs further north than King Horn. Further, the +inflections seem to point to the Eastern rather than to the Western +Midland, so that we may feel fairly safe in attributing Fl. and Bl. to +the East Midland. + + [Footnote I-21: That the Cambr. scribe was from the South is very + apparent from: (1) the pres. indic. plur. endings in eþ, e.g. + _comeþ_ 282, etc., (2) the above rimes of OE. _call_ : _ell_, (3) + _axede_ 576, 602, etc., (4) _rede_ : _hadde_ 453-4, (5) _hi_ for + ‘they’ 284, etc., _heo_ for ‘she’ 303, etc., (6) _ifere_ 502 C, in + fere 827, 280 T, (7) _vaire_ 16, _wuder_ 114, etc.] + + +§ 5. DATE OF COMPOSITION. + +We shall probably be safe in setting the date of composition in the +second half of the 13th century. Lengthening in open syllables seems to +have taken place, e.g.; _coome_ : _soone_ 100 T, _grome_ : _coome_ +112 T, _come_ : _hoome_ 500 T, _wite_ : _vnderȝete_ 556 C (also Cott.), +_wite_ : _wite_ 756 C, _þerone_ : _stone_, 112 T, _vppone_ : _stone_ +172 T, 212 T, _þare_ : _ware_ 1036 T, etc. From this we must conclude +that the date of composition is not earlier than 1250. On the other hand +the earliest MS. (C) dates back to the second half of the 13th century. +Indeed in this MS. there are still traces of the old distinction of +grammatical gender, and OE. _ū_ is still always represented by _u_; +while the second oldest MS. (Cott.) has the newer writing _ou_. +(Cf. Hausknecht, ed. of Fl. and Bl. p. 130, Berlin, 1885.) + + +§ 6. VERSIFICATION. + +The poem is composed in short rimed couplets. The normal verse has four +stresses. In no one of the MSS., however, are all the verses perfectly +regular, due largely, no doubt, in part to the variety of forms +available to each composer and to the variety of spellings to choose +from, also to the attempts of each scribe to make the verses of the +original fit into his own dialect. The rimes may be masculine or +feminine. At times they are mere assonances, e.g.; _first_ : _lyst_ +693-4, _furste_ : _luste_ 377-8 C, _lyke_ : _lyte_ 781-2 T, _longe_ : +_sonde_ 795-6 C, _coome_ : _soone_ 100 T, etc. At times they are +inaccurate, e.g.; _grunde_ : _honde_ 303-4 C, _meene_ : _kyne_ 273-4 T. +Peculiar are the rimes; _þerate_ : _gate_ 153-4 C, etc., _fyne_ : +_þeryne_ 369-70 T, 441-2 C, etc., _þerone_ : _stone_ 112 T, 212 T. + + +§ 7. MANUSCRIPTS. + +Floris and Blauncheflur appears in four MSS., in each of the four with a +greater or smaller part of the beginning lost. + +1. #T.#, the Trentham MS., is in the library of the Duke of Sutherland +at Trentham Hall in Staffordshire. The MS. is a relatively late one +(about 1440), and is written in a very legible, informal running hand, +with loops to the _b_’s, _l_’s, etc. It contains a series of metrical +romances; besides Floris and Blauncheflur, also Kyng Rychard, Bevous of +Hampton, The Batell of Troye, Amys and Amylion, and Sir Eglamoure. Our +poem stands on folios 98-111. The headings to the pages are; on the +even, left-hand pages, _Florence_, on the odd, right-hand pages, _& +Blanchefloure_. The MS. contains 1083 lines of our poem. The beginning +of the poem is lost in this MS., as in the three others, and the first +preserved folio is an odd, right-hand page, with the heading, _& +Blanchefloure_. The first verse in this MS. corresponds to verse 193 of +the French. + +The reading of the MS. is made difficult and uncertain by the end +flourishes to certain letters, e.g.; _gold~_, _stoon~_, _vppon~_, which +it is hard to interpret. It has been collated with the three others by +Hausknecht, in his admirable critical edition of the poem. + +2. #Cott.#, the Brit. Mus. MS. Cott. Vitell. D. III., which probably +belongs to the second half of the 13th century, suffered badly from fire +in 1731. Of the original 219 folios of this parchment MS., 26 remain, +and these are in many parts exceedingly difficult to read, so that the +readings here offered, which are based mainly on Lumby’s text, are +offered with apologies, and may no doubt be bettered here and there by +comparison with the other MSS. Our poem, which occupies folios 6a-8b of +the existing MS., is preceded by _Versus de historibus sacris veteris et +novi Testamenti, veteri lingua Gallicana_ (O. French), and in the same +handwriting with Fl. and Bl. The following folios (9-26) contain in +Latin prose, _Expositiones quaedam sive comentarii in Macrobii +Saturnalia_. + +Of our poem only 451 lines are preserved in this MS., and of these only +180 are completely legible. The first verse corresponds to about v. 508, +and the last to about v. 2514 of the French. The writing is in a fine, +apparently French, book hand. + +This MS. has been printed by Lumby in the original to the present +edition for the E.E.T.S., and has been used by Hausknecht in collation. + +3. #A.#, the celebrated Auchinleck MS. of the Advocates’ Library in +Edinburgh, is a veritable mine of romance. Perhaps the best description +is still that given in Sir Walter Scott’s introduction to _Sir +Tristrem_, where is to be found an enumeration of the 44 different +articles, mostly romances, still contained (besides 13 lost). It is a +large quarto on vellum, and according to Ellis, belongs to the very +first of the 14th century. Of our poem, which occupies five +double-columned folios (100-104), 861 verses are contained, of which the +first corresponds to v. 1001 of the French. + +Fl. and Bl. has twice been reprinted from the Auchinleck MS.: (1) C. H. +Hartshorne, Ancient Metrical Tales, London, 1829, (2) David Laing, +A Penni Worth of Witte, etc., Abbotsford Club, Edinburgh, 1857. + +4. #C.#, the Cambr. Univ. MS. Gg. 4. 27. 2, has already been described. +(See page xxviii.) Of the fragment of a MS. that now exists, the final +824 verses of Fl. and Bl. occupy folios 1a-5b. The first verse preserved +corresponds to verse 1001 of the French poem. + +The interrelations of these four MSS. have been carefully studied by +Hausknecht (as above, pp. 98-108), whose results may be summarized as +follows: MSS. A., Cott., T form a group _x_. Now #C.#, now group _x_ has +gaps, and neither is free from individual changes. + +Within the group _x_, #A# and Cott. form a special sub-group, _y_ going +back to a common origin, but at the same time independent of each other. + +We may borrow from Hausknecht the following diagram representing the +interrelations. + +[Illustration: + + U + __/ \__ + __/ \__ + / \__ + _X_ | + / \__ | + / \ | + / _y_ | + / _/ \_ | + / / \_ | + / A \_ | + / V | + / | + T C ] + +As regards the relative value of the different MSS., it must be said +that #T# is the least to be depended on for accuracy, but is valuable +because it preserves more of the early part of the story than is +preserved in any of the other MSS. As regards the relative value of #C# +and _x_ it is hard to decide. Still the instances in which #C#, in +opposition to #A#, agrees with the French are more numerous than are the +instances of the contrary case. + + +THE ASSUMPTION OF OUR LADY. + + § 1. _Introductory_, p. xlv. + § 2. _Setting_, p. xlv. + § 3. _The rise of the Legend_, p. xlvii. + § 4. _The place of our Legend of the Assumption_, p. xlix. + § 5. _Origin_, p. xlix. + § 6. _Other English Versions_, p. lii. + § 7. _Manuscripts_, p. liv. + § 8. _The Time and Place of Composition_, p. lvi. + § 9. _Versification_, p. lviii. + + +§ 1. INTRODUCTORY. + +From the valorous atmosphere of King Horn and the sentimental atmosphere +of Floris and Blauncheflur, to the devout atmosphere of the +“Assumption,” is a very appreciable change. At the same time the +oriental romance of Floris and Blauncheflur and our legend, also, no +doubt, of eastern origin, betray their common descent in a certain +similarity of sentimental tone; and further, both romances, Germanic and +oriental, share to some extent their romantic colour with the religious +legend. It is perhaps the love of this romantic colour, which the three +poems have in common, that has brought them together in the Cambridge +MS. (Gg. 4. 27. 2) which forms the nucleus of the present volume, though +the fact that the existing manuscript is but a fragment, forbids any +certain conclusion as to the tastes and probable purpose of the +collector. + + +§ 2. SETTING. + +In turning from the romances of King Horn and Floris and Blauncheflur to +the legend of the Assumption we are entering the most productive field +of early English literature. The religious element is the predominant +element in Anglo-Saxon poetry. Christianity, from the very first, was +received in England with an extraordinary warmth. In the year closely +following the conversion of England there came into bloom a rich +Christian poetry which soon took the place of, almost displaced, the +earlier national epos. + +The Norman Conquest was the means of introducing a flood of romances of +every conceivable origin, and probably explains the slight revival of +genuine English romantic traditions such as those of Horn, Havelok and +Waldef, and possibly of Wade. But through the period, immediately +following the Conquest, of the domination of the French and Latin +languages in English literature, there had persisted a thread of the old +English tradition in the homilies which continued for a long time to be +industriously read and copied. With these in the 12th century were +associated new homilies (cf. R. Morris, Old English Homilies), the +direct lineal descendants of those of Alfric and Wulfstan, and in the +beginning of the 13th century, in the northern midlands the metrical +Ormulum, which betrays some French influence in a somewhat scanty French +element in its vocabulary and in its proper names (cf. F. Kluge, Engl. +Stud. xxii), but which nevertheless is composed quite in the style and +manner of the earlier time. + +When, after two centuries, the English language had to some extent come +back into use as a language of literature, Cynewulf also found +successors, and the legend flourished once more. Indeed in this new +period it came to flourish to an extent hitherto unparalleled. This +revival was due in part, no doubt, to the story-telling spirit so +manifest in this period, and in part to the fact that this period marks +the highest point in the progress of saint worship. + +Probably the earliest of these newer legends were those of St. Juliana, +St. Margeret and St. Katherine, which are written in rhythmical +alliterative prose clearly manifesting the earlier English tradition, +but which give premonition of a new era in the ring of a lyrical tone +and in the already richer, more highly coloured diction. (Cf. C. +Horstmann, Altenglische Legenden, Neue Folge, p. xv, Heilbronn, 1881.) +Quite romantic in tone and colour are the very early, fine poems, in +four-line strophes, of Katerine, Gregory, Mergrete, and the Magdalen, +all of which unfortunately are preserved only in later, remodeled forms, +and are perhaps only scant remains of an originally much richer +literature. (Cf. Horstmann, as above, p. xlii, 225, 242.) According to +Horstmann, the poems of Margaret and Gregory belong to the most +beautiful productions of the early English language. Even more finely +constructed, but rather lyric than narrative in form, are the few +legends which fall in with the movement, influenced by French and +especially strong in the South of England shortly before 1250, toward +the development of the religious lyric. (Cf. R. Morris, Old English +Miscellany.) Of these semi-lyrical legends, Eustas (MS. Digby 86) and +the legends of the Psalter (MSS. Digby and Auchinleck) are composed in +six-line strophes. (Cf. Horstmann, pp. 211, 228.) Other poems of this +period, such as the _xi Pains of Hell_, already have the short riming +couplet. Nearly to this same time belongs the Assumption of our Lady, in +riming pairs and also in the Southern dialect. + +The Assumption thus finds its setting among the very finest of the +English legendary poems. According to Horstmann (as above, p. xliii): +‘Never again has legendary poetry reached the same height of pathos, the +same purity and beauty of form as in these older legends. The period +immediately following shows a decided falling off in poetic power and in +talent for form. The tone loses in depth and warmth, the style in +fullness and swing.’ In the last quarter of the 13th century, as we +shall see, the legendary poetry entered the service of the church, and +was worked over by the monks into great collections for reading in the +services. This no doubt explains the remarkable falling off in poetic +style and quality. + + +§ 3. THE RISE OF THE LEGEND. + +The story of the rise[I-22] of the legend from the _Acta Martyrorum_, +the earliest records concerning the saints, to the martyrologies, the +records of the recognized martyrs in each individual church, which in +turn were expanded after the 8th century, from mere lists of names to +the Latin legendaries upon which rest the OE. collections of +legends,--all this forms an interesting chapter in the history of the +church and in the history of literature, but has no place here except in +so far as it throws light on the origin of the poem with which we are +concerned. The relation too of the legend to the service of the church +has a very much involved history. The _Lectiones_ or ‘readings’ in the +daily offices of the church were of three kinds: either (1) selections +from the Scriptures, or (2) selections from the commentaries or homilies +of the church fathers, or (3) the _Acta Sanctorum_. The last kind came +generally to be denoted as _Legenda_, or ‘legends.’ At first treated +with distrust, in time the legend came to play an important part in the +service of the church. It seems to have first found its full development +in the ‘nocturns,’ into which it was admitted apparently by the +Benedictines in the 8th century. There it first appeared in an amplified +and extended form. + +The height of the legend’s development lies in the 12th and 13th +centuries, and coincides with the period (Horstmann, as above, p. xv) of +full bloom of the cult of the saints. At this time the number of saints’ +days multiplied. Each church honoured its special saints. One celebrated +not alone the death-day of the saint, but that of the burial and the +translation. New saints came to be venerated, and long-forgotten ones +were again brought to memory. The relics and traditions were collected, +and the lives were written. Special church offices were made for them, +and hymns and songs were written in their praise. In these new _offices_ +of the church the legend found its use. These special festivals often +fell on week-days, and one had to fill in _lectiones_ for which nothing +was ready. Under these circumstances the legend offered itself as if +expressly fitted, and became the key to the entire religious +celebration. In this situation, amid these most favourable +circumstances, the legend developed its full power, and must have been +an important factor in the religious life of the period. + +In addition to this place of the legend in the offices of the church, it +came later to be read within, or instead of the sermon, after the +_Evangelium_ during the mass, and in the popular language. From very +early times it was permitted to the clergy, in place of original +productions to read the homilies of others, and to this usage, no doubt, +we owe such collections as the Blickling Homilies, Bede’s _Homiliae de +tempore_, Aelfric’s collections, the Ormulum, etc. That the early +legends were intended to be delivered as sermons, or in sermons, is +apparent from the frequent direct appeals to the congregation, and from +their association, in the MSS., with homilies. + +During the 11th and 12th centuries the homily, the older element, +continued to prevail even on saints’ days, but in the 13th and 14th +centuries the homily came to be in great measure displaced by the legend +on the festival days of the saints, and was used only for Sundays and +for the _Festae Christi_. To make a complete _liber festivalis_, either +to the book of homilies was joined a legendary for saints’ days, or +later the legendary, on the other hand, absorbed the book of homilies, +as happened for instance in the case of the _Legenda aurea_, which marks +the final step in the development of the Latin legendary, and which +presents the homilies of the _Festae Christi_, perhaps the remains of +the book of homilies, side by side with the legends. In the north of +England the collection of _Evangelia dominicalia_, that is to say the +gospels for Sundays and _Festae Christi_, which, according to the +original plan, embraced only the Sunday gospel readings with their +_expositio_ and a _narratio_ (_i.e._ a legendary narrative as an +illustration) came in later MSS. to be supplemented by a collection of +legends, evidently intended to complete the work by providing also for +the saints’ days something in the place of the _proprium sanctorum_ +(_i.e._ gospels for saints’ days). In the South of England, on the other +hand, the complete _liber festivalis_ grows out of the legendary, which +comes to include the homilies. + +To sum up, the place of the _evangelium_ in the mass for saints’ days +comes to be filled by the legend, while in the mass on Sunday, the +_evangelium_ is still retained, though probably often supplemented by an +_expositio_ and a _narratio_, or legendary tale as illustration for the +_expositio_. In consequence the _liber festivalis_ falls into two parts, +the _temporal_ (for Sundays and _Festae Christi_) and the _sanctoral_, +or legendary for the saints’ days. + + [Footnote I-22: Cf. Horstmann, as above, pp. xxviii ff.] + + +§ 4. PLACE OF OUR LEGEND OF THE ASSUMPTION. + +What then was the original function of our legend of the Assumption? The +_evangelium_ and the homily, as we have seen, still retained their +places, in part at least, in the _temporal_, where the Assumption would +belong, but were supplemented by legendary anecdotes, or even by entire +legends. Was our poem originally intended for a place in the religious +service, or was it rather a lyrico-romantic production with a sacred +theme? What was the original purpose of the poem, it is not easy to +determine. In actual use, however, it seems to have played a double +role. In two of the six MSS. in which the present version of the story +is preserved (viz. the Chetham MS. and Cambr. Univ. MS. Gg. 4. 27. 2.), +the legend is associated with romances, and we must infer that it is the +romantic quality of the legend that has appealed to the collectors. +(Cf. also the slightly different version in the Auchinleck MS.) In the +other four MSS., however, the associations, as will be seen later, are +distinctly religious, though Harl. MS. 2382 seems rather a literary +collection than one designed for church use. In all of the MSS. the poem +is referred to as a tale (cf. Harl. MS. 2253, near the end, where occurs +the line, _This tale y haue tolde wit mouthe_), and as a _lesson_, that +is to say a ‘reading,’ and if we may judge by the general tone of the +different versions, the place for this ‘reading’ was quite likely the +church. Even if the reading was not confined to the church, it usually +was of a professionally religious character as we must judge from the +remarkable conclusion in Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 10036: + + We biseche þee for alle þat hereþ þis vie + Off oure ladi seynt marie, + That Ih{es}u schelde hem fram g{ra}me + Fro dedly synne {and} fro schame, + Ne mysauenture schal bi falle þ{a}t man + That þis a vie here can. + Ne no womman þat ilke dai, + That of oure ladi hereþ þis lai, + Dien ne schal of hure childe; + For oure ladi hure schal be mylde. + Ne noone mys-auenture schall be-falle, + In felde, in strete, ne in halle, + In stede þer þis vie is rad, + For oure ladi hure sone it bad, + And þe archibisshop, seynt Edmou{n}d, + Haþ g{ra}unted xl. daies to p{ar}dou{n} + To alle þat þis vie wol here, + Or with good wille wol lere. vv. 879-896. + + +§ 5. ORIGIN. + +The legend of the Assumption, according to ten Brink (Geschichte der +engl. Litt. I, p. 331), had its origin in the second half of the 4th +century. Tischendorf (Act. Apocr. p. xxxiv, Leipzig, 1866) believes a +still earlier origin to be not impossible. The story had a wide +circulation in the East. Besides the Greek versions we know (cf. F. +Gierth, Engl. Stud. vii, pp. pp. 1-33) of three Syriac, one Arabic, and +one Sahidic version. Even in Ethiopia there exists a similar tale +(Journ. of Sacr. Lit. and Bibl. Rec., Jan. 1865, p. 48). From the orient +the legend spread into the literatures of western Christendom. +Tischendorf (as above, p. xliii.) gives a list of a dozen Latin +manuscripts of the legend, and from these he offers critical editions of +two versions, which, with Gierth, we may indicate as: (1) _Transitus +Mariae_, #A# (Tischendorf, pp. 113 ff.) in Latin prose; (2) _Transitus +Mariae_, #B#, a fuller version differing from #A# in some respects, +notably in the absence of the scene in which Thomas appears. + +Other Latin versions are those published by Th. Graesse: (1) The +section, _De assumtione beatae Mariae virginis in Jacobi a Voragine +Legenda Aurea_,[I-23] ed. Th. Graesse, _Dresdae et Lipsiae_, 1846, pp. +504 ff., (2) _De modo assumtionis beatae Mariae_, published by Graesse, +as above, pp. 517 ff. + +In French may be mentioned the version by Wace (_L’Établissement de la +fête de la conception Nôtre-Dame dite la fête aux Normands_. Caen, 1842, +or, in another edition, _Vie de la vierge Marie_, Tours, 1859). For +account of other unpublished French versions cf. E. Stengel, +_Mittheilungen aus franz. hss._, etc., Halle, 1873, pp. 20 ff. + +In German we may mention the version by Conrad v. Heimesfurt, about 1200 +(HZ. viii, pp. 150 ff.). + +Our story in its present form seems to have made its first appearance in +England in the French version, above mentioned, by Wace, in the second +quarter of the 12th century. (Cf. however, _Assumptio sanctae Mariae +virginis_, Blickling Homilies, E.E.T.S. 58, 63, 73.) Of an English +version of the present form of the legend, for English hearers, we have +no trace before the middle of the following century, from which it seems +we are to infer that the legend remained the property of the French +clericals about a century before coming into general circulation in the +English-speaking world. This earliest English version of the story is +the one of the present edition in short riming couplets. + +What then was the source of this earliest English version? Was it +derived from Wace, or does it rest on one of the Latin versions? Wace’s +poem consists of three parts (cf. Gierth, Engl. Stud. vii, p. 6): (1) +the institution of the feast of the Conception of Mary, (2) her birth, +rearing and marriage, (3) her death and burial. For the first part his +source seems to have been the _Miraculum de conceptione sanctae Mariae_; +for the second part, the _Evangelium de nativitate Sanctae Mariae_. +About these two works, which he has followed almost word for word, Wace +grouped a number of minor anecdotes and commentary notes from Anselm, +Eadmer, and other of the church writers of the 11th and 12th centuries. +For part (3) Wace seems certainly to have used the Latin version of the +story, designated by Tischendorf as _Transitus Mariae_, #B#. + +The English version has in common with Wace’s poem some traits that in +the other versions are wanting. For instance, only in these two versions +is it related that Mary cared for and instructed the maidens in the +temple. (Engl. vv. 60 ff.) Another feature in common is contained in the +speech of Christ to his mother shortly before her death, in which he +promises her, _La porte d’aidier auras A trestous ceus que tu vorras_ +(Wace, p. 71, vv. 6, 7), which the English poet seems to have expanded +into a number of verses, in which is promised pardon to every sinner who +will betake himself to Mary. + +On the other hand, in several instances the English agrees more closely +with the Latin, where Wace has considerably abridged, and in these +instances the French cannot have been the original of the English poem. +A Latin original seems much more probable. The first two-thirds of the +English poem corresponds almost exactly with the Tischendorf Latin #B# +version. On the other hand, the introduction of Thomas in the last +one-third of the poem is a feature of the Latin #A# version, but is +foreign to #B#. In other respects the English poem corresponds more +closely to a third Latin version from which Tischendorf quotes variants, +the _Codex Laurentius_. The English has in common with the _Legenda +Aurea_ the peculiar trait of making no mention of the miraculous transit +of John from Ephesus. Again, some traits in Latin #B# do not appear in +the English version, and, on the other hand, the English version +contains a few traits not to be found in any of the other versions +spoken of. + +From the above we must conclude either that the English version rests on +a very composite version of which we do not know, or that the composer +of the English version was very eclectic, and selected his material from +very different sources. The latter explanation seems the more probable +one. In this connection it is important to note an observation first +made by Zarncke and afterwards corroborated by Kölbing (Engl. Stud. ii, +pp. 281-2) that the different prose versions of legends influence each +other reciprocally, producing mixed or composite forms of the legend +(_mischredactionen_) whose exact descent it is impossible to trace. It +is here that the learned element makes itself felt and differentiates +the tradition of a legend from the tradition of a romance or of a song. +The influence of this learned element we must probably assume in +explaining the tradition of our legend of the Assumption, which seems to +be a _mischredaction_. + + [Footnote I-23: A legend cycle composed in Latin prose by the + Italian Jacobus a Voragine, Bishop of Genoa.] + + +§ 6. OTHER ENGLISH VERSIONS. + +The story of the Assumption seems to have circulated, as we have seen, +both as a romantic story and as a devout legend. It must have been in +the first of these two _rôles_ that it was admitted to the famous +collection of romances in the Auchinleck MS. Here the story appears in a +new dress, composed in six-line strophes, with _rime couée_, probably +under the influence of the ballad singers. The content of this version +(cf. M. Schwarz, Engl. Stud. viii, pp. 428 ff.) seems to be +substantially that of the earlier version of the present volume. The +first stanza of this version is,-- + + Who so bereȝ palm, þe tokne is þis, + Þat in clene lif he is; + Þat is to vnderstonde: + Hit is tokning of loue, + Þat god him haueȝ wraththe forȝoue, + Þat bereȝ palm on honde. + +The Assumption also forms a member of the Southern cycle of legends, +which go to form a legendary. In this _rôle_ it appears in Harl. MS. +2277, “a parchment book in a long 4to, imperfect at the beginning and +elsewhere; which formerly contained the legends of the Saints, etc., +according to the course of the year, written in very old English +verse.... The handwriting of this MS. seems to be older than that year” +(1320). The MS. contains 69 legends, of which number 38 is _Assumpcio S. +Marie_, in 246 long riming lines, the first two of which are,-- + + Seinte marie godes moder : f{ra}m þaposteles nas noȝt + Þo þe holi gost a wit sonedai : among hem was ibroȝt. + +This version seems to rest on the _Legenda Aurea_[I-24] as an original, +although the incident of the tardy arrival of Thomas, which is contained +in the Latin, is wanting in this version. + +This same version appears in a later MS., Bodl. 779,[I-25] of the 16th +century. In this MS. the legend cycle is greatly extended by the +addition of a whole new series of legends. The number of legends in this +MS. reaches the number of 135, of which the version of the Assumption is +number 57. + +Another version of our legend is that belonging to the Northern legend +cycle, and preserved in two MSS.: Harl. 4196 and Cott. Tiber. E. +VII,[I-26] of which the latter is the older, but the former the more +complete. These two texts correspond word for word, and apart from +possible scribal blunder, letter for letter, abbreviation for +abbreviation. Harl. MS. 4196 is a large folio on parchment, evidently of +about the middle of the 14th century, and written in a beautiful large +hand of the Northern type. It has 258 double-columned leaves, and +contains (1) several parts of the gospel in verse, which end at fol. 132 +_a_, then after a blank page, (2) collection of legends in verse, with +special title and an introduction of eight verses (folios 133-205), then +as a sort of appendix, (3) a metrical gospel of Nicodemus (folios +206-215 _a_), and (4) the Prick of Conscience in verse. This version, +which appears as number 8 in the second division, the legend collection +of the Harl. MS., and whose text is identical in the two MSS. above +mentioned, opens as follows,-- + + Of mari milde now will I mene + Þat of all heuyns es corond quene + And lady of all erth to tell + And also Emp{er}ise of hell. + +Another version belonging to the Southern cycle is that contained in the +younger MS. of this cycle, Lambeth MS. 223, a 4to parchment from the +beginning of the 15th century. (Cf. Horstmann, Neue Folge, p. xlvii. and +Notes.) In this MS. the Assumption appears, not in the legendary itself, +but as the fifth and last division in the _temporal_, which is prefixed +to the Southern cycle of legends. This version has frequent rimes within +the verse, and the last half verse has four stresses. The version agrees +in many respects with the Northern one just described and also with the +earlier Southern version, the one of our present volume. The opening +lines are as follows,-- + + Herkkenes alle gode men, ȝif ȝe ben wise and slye + And I wole to ȝow rede þe assumpcioun of Marie + How she was from erþe taken into heuen on hegh + And þere she shal euer wone and sitte Ihesu negh. + +Another English version of our legend is that incorporated into the +Cursor Mundi (vv. 19993-20064). This version is translated into a +Northern dialect from a Southern English poem. (Cf. Cursor Mundi, ed. by +R. Morris, Introduction by Dr. Haenisch, pp. 42 ff.) + + And sant edmund o ponteni + Dais o pardun þam gis tuenti + In a writt þis ilk i fand, + He-self it wroght, ic understand. + In sotherin englis was it draun + And turnd it haue i till our aun + Langage o northrin lede, + Þat can nan oþer englis rede. + vv. 20057-64. + +The poet of Cursor Mundi follows the Southern author nearly line for +line, so that there cannot be the slightest doubt that he refers to the +Southern English version of the present volume. But now and then he has +made additions, for some of which Haenisch finds no source. (Horstmann +believes this version to have been translated from Wace.) + +The fact that the poet of Cursor Mundi “attributes his original to +Edmund of Pontenay was caused by a misunderstanding of the lines 893-96 +of the SE. Assumption” (Haenisch). + + Cursor Mundi, vv. 20057-60. + + And sant edmund o ponteni + Dais o pardun þam gis tuenti; + In a writt þis ilk i fand + He self it wroght, ic understand. + + Assumption, vv. 893-6. + + And þe archibisshop seynt Edmound + Haþ graunted xl. daies to pardoun + To alle þat þis vie wol here + Or with good wille wol lere. + +Still another version, which formed part of a work by Barbour, the +author of the Scotch collection of legends, is mentioned in his +prologue, but, along with the rest of this work referred to, is +unfortunately lost. + +Still further deserving of mention are (1) the prose version contained +in the ‘Festial’ of Johannes Mirkus (Horstmann, Neue Folge, pp. +cix. ff.), a collection of sermons, derived for the most part from the +_Legenda Aurea_ and written about 1400 for the festivals of the church, +Festae Christi and Saints’ days;[I-27] and (2) that contained in the +English translation of the _Legenda Aurea_ (cf. Horstmann, Neue Folge, +pp. cxxx ff.). “The Assumption of oure ladi” stands 111 in Harl. MS. +4775. + +The above enumeration of versions of our legend will demonstrate +effectively its popularity in England, also its use in the service of +the church. Further investigation is needed to determine more exactly +the interrelations of the various versions, though it is doubtful if +such an investigation would produce any very conclusive results, since, +as suggested above, many versions of the legends were probably mixed +versions (_mischredactionen_). + + [Footnote I-24: Cf. M. Schwarz, Engl. Studien, viii, pp. 461 ff. + But cf. ten Brink, I, p. 336; Horstmann, Neue Folge, p. xxxix.] + + [Footnote I-25: Cf. C. Horstmann, Altengl. Legenden, p. xxxiv, + Paderborn, 1875.] + + [Footnote I-26: Cf. Horstmann, Neue Folge, pp. lxxviii ff., Text, + pp. 112 ff.] + + [Footnote I-27: The sermons are arranged according to the + calendar, so that here the book of homilies and the legendary are + at length completely formed into one. In the oldest and best MS., + Cott. Claud. A. II, the Assumption is number 52.] + + +§ 7. MANUSCRIPTS. + +The earliest English version, the one of the present volume, is known to +exist in six manuscripts. + +1. Cambr. Univ. MS. Gg. 4. 27. 2. (For description cf. introduction to +King Horn, p. xxviii.) This fragmentary text (240 lines) is printed in +the present volume. + +2. Chetham MS. 8009, Manchester, a collection of romances and legends. +(For description cf. Engl. Stud. vii, 195 ff., viii, pp. 1 ff.) + +3. Cambr. Univ. MS. Dd. 1. 1., a long narrow MS. from about the middle +of the 14th century and written in a large, informal, very legible hand. +The content of the MS. is the Northern collection of _Evangelia +dominicalia_, with which is included, in addition to the sermons with +legends attached for the festivals of John and Peter and Paul, also our +Southern legend poem of the Assumption, which is perhaps to be +attributed to the scribe (named Staundon), who is Southern. (For a full +account of this MS. cf. Horstmann, Neue Folge, p. xxvi. and pp. +lxvii. ff.) This text of 544 verses has not been printed. + +4. Cambr. Univ. MS. Ff. 2. 38, a paper MS. in an informal but legible +hand by a Southern scribe. It contains miscellaneous religious writings, +the list of which I neglected to copy. Our poem is followed by “þe lyfe +of seynt Kateryn.” This text of 770 verses has not been printed. + +5. Harl. MS. 2382, a paper book in 4to, in an informal hand, and +containing nine miscellaneous theological poems by Lydgate, Chaucer, +etc. Poem number 1 is Lydgate’s Life of the Virgin Mary, four books at +the end of which stands this note, _Explicit quartus liber de sancta +Maria_. The second poem is our present version of the Assumption, +evidently the end of a sequel to Lydgate’s poem, for at the end stands +the note, _Explicit Sextus liber Sancte Marie_, which shows that two +other books were added to the original four of Lydgate, written in +stanzas, to King Henry V. The other contents of this MS. seem also to be +literary, and are as follows: 3. _Oracio ad Sanctam Mariam_, 4. _The +Testament of Dan Johan Lydgate_, 5. _Fabula Mornalis de Sancta Maria_, +Chaucer’s Prioress’s Tale, 6. _Vita Sancte Cecilie_, Chaucer’s Second +Nonne’s Tale, 7. _De Sancto Erasmo Martire_, 8. _Testamentum Cristi_, 9. +_The Childe of Bristow_. This text of 710 verses is in part reprinted in +the present volume. + +6. Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 10036, a small parchment volume (about 8 × 4) of +100 folios, written in black letter, perhaps in the second half of the +14th century, and containing a miscellaneous religious collection: (1) +History of the siege and destruction of Jerusalem by Vespasian +(ff. 1-61), (2) The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin (ff. 62-80), (3) +A question of the peynes of helle (prose, ff. 81-84), (4) Here bigynneth +the thre arowis that God schal schete at domys-dais apon hem that +schullen be dampned (prose, ff. 85-91), (5) The seven petitions in the +Pater Noster (prose, ff. 91-94), (6) Ave Maria, Pardons and Indulgences +for repeating (prose, f. 94), (7) Ten Commandments trans. and expl. +(prose, ff. 94-96), (8) The 51st Psalm, _Miserere mei_, trans. into +English verse (96-100). This text, in 904 verses, is printed in the +present volume. + +If for the sake of conformity with the German investigations, we +designate Cambr. MS. Gg. 9. 27. 2. as #A#, Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 10036 as +#B#, Harl. MS. 2382 as #C#, Cambr. MS. Dd. 1. 1. as #D#, Cambr. MS. Ff. +2. 38. as #E#, and Chetham MS. as #Ch.#, then the interrelations of the +different texts of this version are about as follows (F. Gierth, Engl. +Stud. vii, pp. 1 ff.). #A# and #B# form a special group as opposed to +#C#, #D#, #E#, on the one hand, and to #Ch.# alone, on the other. No one +of these versions is the direct source of any other. The different texts +may be characterized somewhat as follows: + +#A# offers the best text as far as it goes. + +#B# introduces many important changes, and seems to be somewhat confused +in the order of events, but in the passages preserved intact, preserves +the text and the rime better than do #C#, #D#, or #E#. + +#C# gives best the true course of the story, but often alters the rime, +in particular, individual rime words. + +#D# has many gaps, and is particularly defective after the entrance on +the scene of Thomas. + +#E# stands in closer relation to #D# than to #C#, and often takes an +intermediate position between #C# and #D#. #Ch.# (cf. M. Schwarz, Engl. +Stud. viii, p. 460) we must regard as a compilation of different MSS., +and owes its origin perhaps to oral tradition. In the case of #Ch.#, as +in the case of the other texts of this version, it will be safer not to +set up any diagram representing the interrelations of MSS., since these +MSS. are no doubt all of them influenced by written as well as by oral +tradition, and, as has been pointed out above, there is at least a +possibility, as in the case of #Ch.#, of mixed versions. In dealing with +legend, even less than in dealing with romance, does one have to do with +a purely epic growth. + + +§ 8. TIME AND PLACE OF COMPOSITION. + +We have already seen that the author of Cursor Mundi attributes the +authorship of this version of the Assumption to Edmund of Pontenay +(pp. liii, liv, above). But we have also seen the probable source of his +error. In one thing the Northern writer is no doubt right, when he says +(v. 20061), “In sotherin englis was it draun.” The poem is undoubtedly +Southern in origin. To gain more definite knowledge is not easy. The +rimes, our usual guide in such cases, in this poem are very uncertain. +The writer’s ear seems to have been not a delicate one. He does not +distinguish carefully open _ę̨̄_ and close _ẹ̄_, e.g. _here_ : _lere_ 4 +Add., _wel_ : _del_ 212 C, 206 D, 218 Add., 256 C, 262 Add., _were_ : +_here_ 716 Add., etc. + +In a similar way he does not distinguish carefully open _ǭ_ and close +_ọ̄_, e.g. _gone_ : _done_ 86 Add., 594 H, _done_ : _one_ 416 Add., +562 H, 588 H, 750 Add., _anon_ : _done_ 530 Add., _sloo_ : _doo_ 508 H, +_þo_ : _do_ 262 D, etc. In consequence we are not able to apply the +_-wǭ-_, _-wọ̄-_ test with any degree of certainty. OE. _-wā_ rimes, now +with _ǭ_, now with _ọ̄_, e.g. _fro_ : _so_ 342 Add., 324 D, _so_ : _fo_ +374 Add., _tho_ : _so_ 278 H, _also_ : _mo_ 17 C, etc.; but _so_ : _to_ +179 C, 184 Add., 214 C, 296 C, 300 Add., 314 H, 344 Add., 718 Add., 904 +Add., _atwo_ : _do_ 280 H, _whom_ : _come_ 306 F (_wham_ : _cam_ 336 +Add.), etc. + +In the same way OE. _æ_, and shortened OE. _ǣ_, rimes now with _a_, now +with _e_, e.g. _was_ : _gracias_ 310 Add., 774 Add., _Thomas_ : _was_ +656 C, _Iosephas_ : _was_ 582 H; but _fless_ : _was_ 34 C, _best_ : +_lest_ 392 H, _fed_ : _bed_ 124 C, 132 A, _les_ : _wes_ 566 D. + +In the same way OE. _y_ rimes now with _e_, now with _i_, e.g. _stede_ : +_dude_ 57 C, 62 Add., 88 Add., 800 Add., 82 C, 624 Add., _kyng_ : _geng_ +220 C, _him_ (= ‘them’) : _kyn_ 642 Add.; but _mankyne_ : _pyne_ 426 A, +_Inne_ : _kynne_ 430 A, 478 A, 360 H, 338 D, 346 D, _it_ : _pytt_ 506 H, +_þerynne_ : _synne_ 604 H, _blisse_ : _gladnesse_ 384 H, etc. + +In the same way in the 3rd plur. pres. indic., the ending is sometimes +_-eþ_, sometimes _-n_, e.g. _listneþ_ 8 C, _serueþ_ 418 H, _goth_ 476 H, +593 A, _buþ_ 22 C, 26 C, etc.; but _ben_ 25 A, _beon_ 141 C, 149 A, +etc., and the rime _kenesmen_ : _ben_ 122 C, 130 A. + +Details may be multiplied indefinitely to show the general Southern +character of the language, _e.g._ the verbal endings in _-i_ or _-y_, as +_blessi_ : _herkni_ 7, 8 C, _loky_ 47 C, _gladie_ 75 C, etc.; the +infinitive preserving its final _-n_, as _quene_ : _bene_ 6 Add., +_bene_ : _ysene_ 40 A, _gon_ : _on_ 140 C, _quen_ : _ben_ 98 C, 104 A, +114 C, 120 A, etc.; but _beo_ : _gleo_ 10 C, etc.; the present +participle in _-and_, as _lepand_ : _hande_ 614 A, etc.; the use of the +palatalized consonants, as in _yyeue_ 566 H, _ayene_ 597 H, etc. + +The dialect then certainly is of the Southern part of England; but the +rimes do not enable one to locate the dialect more exactly. The +composition is undoubtedly that of a scholar in whom one might expect a +wider range in pronunciation. Doubtless both Southern and Midland +dialects were familiar to him. The pronunciation, however, of OE. _y_ as +_e_ and of OE. _æ_ as _e_ belongs to the East Southern, and we shall +probably be safe in calling the dialect a compromise between East +Southern and East Midland. + +The time of composition was probably not later than 1250. The OE. _ā_ +had regularly changed to _ǭ_ (if we neglect an isolated instance like +_thomas_ : _ras_ 822 A); but I find no certain instance of lengthening +in open syllables, and further, the oldest MS. (C) is not much later +than 1250, as we have seen. It preserves the unmonophthonged _eo_, e.g. +_weop_ 29, _treo_ 35, _heo_ 36, _beo_ 37, _iseo_ 38, etc. + + +§ 9. VERSIFICATION. + +The legend, like the romance of Floris and Blancheflur, is composed in +short riming pairs. Each verse nominally has four metrical stresses. The +rime may be either masculine or feminine. Frequently assonance takes the +place of perfect rime; e.g. _weop_ : _fet_ 30 C, _gode_ : _fote_ 70 +Add., _þolen_ : _y-boren_ 220 Add., etc. + + + + +KING HORN. + + [Transcriber’s Note: + + Line-initial þ was corrected to capital Þ on the assumption that + capitalization was editorial. Individual changes are noted at the + end of the e-text. Line-initial y was retained for consistency.] + + + _Cambr. Univ. MS. Gg. 4. 27. 2._ + + Alle beon he bliþe + Þat to my song lyþe, + A sang ihc schal ȝou singe + Of Murry þe kinge. 4 + + _Laud Misc. MS. 108_, fol. 219 _b_. + + +++Alle ben he bliþe + Þat to me wile{n} liþe, + A song ich wille you si{n}ge + Of morye þe kinge. 4 + + _Harl. MS. 2253._ + +_The | corresponds to a sign used in the MS. to mark the divisions +between the lines._ + + [[See Transcriber’s Note about e-text format.]] + + [Sidenote: [leaf 83]] + Her bygynneþ þe geste of kyng Horn. + + ¶ Alle heo ben blyþe + þat to my song ylyþe, + a song ychulle ou singe + of Allof þe gode kynge. 4 + +[Sidenote: King Murry and his queen, Godhild, have a son named Horn.] + + King he was biweste + So longe so hit laste. + Godhild het his quen; + Faire ne miȝte non ben. 8 + He hadde a sone þ{a}t het horn; + Fairer ne miste no{n} beo born, + Ne no rein vpon birine, + Ne su{n}ne vpon bischine. 12 + + King he was bi westen + Wel þat hise dayes lesten, + And godild hise gode quene; + Feyrer non micte bene. 8 + Here sone hauede to name horn; + Feyrer child ne micte ben born. + Ne reyn ne micte upon reyne, + Ne no so{n}ne by schine. 12 + + kyng he wes by weste + þe whiles hit yleste, + ant godylt his gode quene; + no feyrore myhte bene. 8 + ant huere sone hihte horn; + feyrore child ne myhte be born. + for reyn ne myhte by ryne + ne sonne myhte shyne. 12 + +[Sidenote: He is marvellously fair and fifteen years old.] + + Fairer nis no{n} þane he was; + He was briȝt so þe glas. + He was whit so þe flur, + Rose red was his colur. 16 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + In none kinge riche + Nas no{n} his iliche. 20 + + Fayrer child þa{n}ne he was, + Brict so eu{er}e any glas, + Whit so any lili flour, + So rose red was hys colur. 16 + He was fayr and eke bold + And of fiftene winter hold. + Was noma{n} him yliche + Bi none kinges riche. 20 + + feyrore child þen he was, + bryht so euer eny glas, + so whit so eny lylye flour, + so rose red wes his colour. 16 + He wes feyr {ant} eke bold + ant of fyftene wynter old. + [Sidenote: [leaf 83, back]] + Nis non his yliche + in none kinges ryche. 20 + +[Headnote: _Saracens invade the land._] + +[Sidenote: Horn has twelve companions.] + + Twelf feren he hadde + Þ{a}t alle wiþ him ladde, + Alle riche ma{n}nes sones, + {And} alle hi were faire gomes, 24 + Wiþ him for to pleie. + {And} mest he luuede tweie; + ++Þat on him het haþulf child, + {And} þ{a}t oþ{er} ffikenild. 28 + + xij feren he hadde + Þat he mid him ladde, + And alle rich ki{n}ges sones, + And alle swiþe fayre gomes, 24 + Mid hym forto pleye. + But mest he louede tueye; + Þat on was hoten ayol child, + And þat oþer fokenild. 28 + + tueye feren he hadde + þ{a}t he wiþ him ladde, + alle richemenne sones, + {ant} alle suyþe feyre gomes, 24 + wyþ him forte pleye. + mest he louede tueye; + Þ{a}t on wes hoten Athulf chyld, + {ant} þ{a}t oþer Fykenyld. 28 + +[Sidenote: Athulf the best, and Fikenhild the worst.] + + Aþulf was þe beste + {And} fikenylde þe werste. + Hit was vpon a som{er}es day, + Also ihc ȝou telle may, 32 + + Ayol was þe beste + And fokenild þe werste. + ++Hit was sone som{er}es day, + Also ich nou telle{n} may, 32 + + Athulf wes þe beste + ant fykenyld þe werste. + Hyt was vpon a someres day, + also ich ou telle may, 32 + +[Sidenote: King Murry while riding, finds fifteen ships arrived on the +strand.] + + Murri þe gode king + Rod on his pleing + Bi þe se side, + Ase he was woned ride. 36 + + Þat moye þe gode kinge + Rod on his pleyhinge + Bi þe se syde, + Þer he was woned to ryde. 36 + + Allof þe gode kyng + rod vpon ys pleyȝyng + bi þe see side, + þer he was woned to ryde. 36 + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + He fo{n}d bi þe st{ro}nde, + Ariued o{n} his lo{n}de, 40 + Schipes fiftene, + Wiþ sarazins kene. + + With him ride{n} bote tvo; + Al to fewe ware þo. + He fond bi þe stronde, + Ariued on his londe, 40 + Schipes xv, + Of sarazines kene. + + wiþ him ne ryde bote tuo; + al to fewe hue were þo. + he fond by þe stronde, + aryued on is londe, 40 + shipes fyftene, + of sarazynes kene. + + He axede what isoȝte + Oþ{er} to londe broȝte. 44 + ++A Payn hit of herde + And hym wel sone answarede, + “Þi lo{n}d folk we schulle slon + And alle þ{a}t Crist luueþ vpon, 48 + And þe selue riȝt anon; + Ne schaltu todai henne gon.” + + He acsede wat he sowte + Oþer to londe broucte. 44 + A peynym it yherde + And sone answerede, + “Þi lond folc we wile{n} slon + And al þat god leuet on; 48 + And þe we solen sone anon; + Sald þou neuere henne gon.” + + he askede whet hue sohten + oþer on is lond brohten. 44 + a payen hit yherde + {ant} sone him onsuerede, + “þy lond folk we wolleþ slon + þ{a}t euer c{ri}st leueþ on; 48 + {ant} þe we wolleþ ryht anon; + shalt þou neuer henne gon.” + +[Headnote: _Saracens kill Horn’s father._] + +[Sidenote: After a brave defence, the king and his two companions are +slain,] + + Þe kyng aliȝte of his stede, + For þo he hauede nede, 52 + {And} his gode kniȝtes two; + Al to fewe he hadde þo. + Swerd hi gu{n}ne g{ri}pe + {And} to gadere smite. 56 + Hy smyten vnder schelde + Þat sume hit yfelde. + Þe king hadde al to fewe + Toȝenes so vele schrewe. 60 + + Þe king licte adoun of his stede, + For þo he hauede nede, 52 + And hise gode knictes ij, + But ywis he{m} was ful wo. + Swerdes þe go{n}ne g{r}ipe + And to gydere smyte. 56 + He foute{n} an ond{er} selde + Some of hem he felde. + He weren al to fewe + Ayen so fele srewe. 60 + + þe kyng lyhte of his stede, + for þo he heuede nede, 52 + ant his gode feren tuo; + mid ywis huem wes ful wo. + swerd hy gonne g{ri}pe + {ant} to gedere smyte. 56 + hy smyten under shelde, + þ{a}t hy somme yfelde. + ¶ þe kyng hade to fewe + aȝeyn so monie schrewe. 60 + +[Sidenote: and the Saracens begin to waste the land.] + + So fele miȝten yþe + Bringe hem þre to diþe. + ¶ Þe pains come to londe + {And} neme hit in here honde. 64 + Þ{a}t folc hi gu{n}ne quelle + {And} churchen for to felle. + + Sone micte{n} atteþ[KH-1] + Bri{n}gen þre deþe. + Þe paynimes come{n} to londe + And nome{n} hyt al to honde. 64 + Cherches he go{n}ne{n} felle, + And folc he go{n}ne quelle. + + [Footnote KH-1: after þ a letter erased] + + so fele myhten eþe + bringe þre to deþe. + þe payns come to londe + {ant} nomen hit an honde. 64 + þe folk hy gonne quelle + {ant} sarazyns to felle. + + Þer ne moste libbe + Þe fremde ne þe sibbe, 68 + Bute hi here laȝe asoke + {And} to here toke. + Of alle wymmanne + Wurst was godhild þanne. 72 + + Þer ne micte libbe + Þe fremde ne þe sibbe, 68 + Bote he here ley forsoken + And to here token. + Of alle wi{m}menne + Verst was godyld o{n}ne. 72 + + þer ne myhte libbe + þe fremede ne þe sibbe, 68 + bote he is lawe forsoke + {ant} to huere toke. + of alle wymmanne + werst wes godyld þanne. 72 + +[Sidenote: Godhild grieves much,] + + For Murri heo weop sore + {And} for horn ȝute more. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 76 + + For moy he wep sore + And for horn wel more. + Godild hauede so michel sore + Micte no wimma{n} habbe more. 76 + + for Allof hy wepeþ sore + {ant} for horn ȝet more. + Godild hade so muche sore + þ{a}t habbe myhte hue na more. 76 + +[Headnote: _Godhild takes refuge in a cave._] + +[Sidenote: but retires alone to a cave, where she continues to observe +the Christian religion.] + + He wenten vt of halle, + Fram hire Maidenes alle, + Vnder a roche of stone. + Þer heo liuede alone. 80 + Þer heo s{er}uede gode, + Aȝenes þe paynes forbode. + + Þe vente hout of halle, + Fram hire maydenes alle, + In to a roche of stone. + Þar he wonede allone. 80 + Þer he seruede god, + Ayenes þe houndes forbod. + + hue wente out of halle, + from hire maidnes alle, + vnder a roche of stone. + þer hue wonede al one. 80 + þer hue seruede gode, + aȝeyn þe payenes forbode. + + Þer he seruede c{ri}ste, + Þ{a}t no payn hit ne wiste. 84 + Eu{e}re heo bad for horn child, + Þ{a}t Iesu c{ri}st him beo myld. + Horn was in paynes honde + Wiþ his feren of þe londe. 88 + Muchel was his fairhede, + For ih{es}u c{ri}st hi{m} makede. + + Þer he s{er}uede c{r}iste, + Þat paynimes ne wiste, 84 + And eu{er}e bed for horn child, + Þat ih{es}u c{r}ist him were mild. + Horn was i{n} peynims honde, + Mid his feren of þe londe. 88 + Miche was his fayrhede, + So ih{es}u him hauede made. + + þer hue seruede c{ri}st, + þ{a}t þe payenes hit nust. 84 + ant euer hue bad for horn child, + þ{a}t c{ri}st him wrþe myld. + ¶ Horn wes in payenes hond, + mid is feren of þe lond. 88 + muche wes þe feyrhade + þ{a}t ih{es}u c{ri}st him made. + +[Headnote: _Saracens deliberate over Horn._] + +[Sidenote: The pagans save Horn and his companions on account of Horn’s +fairness,] + + Payns him wolde slen + Oþ{er} al quic flen. 92 + Ȝef his fairnesse nere, + Þe children alle aslaȝe were. + Þa{n}ne spak on Admirad, + Of wordes he was bald, 96 + + Þo hundes wolde slon, + And some him wolde flon. 92 + Ȝif hornes fayrede nere, + Þe child yslawe ware. + ++Uan bi spek him amyraud, + Of wordes he was swiþe baud, 96 + + payenes him wolde slo + {ant} summe him wolde flo. 92 + ȝyf hornes feyrnesse nere, + yslawe þis children were. + þo spec on Admyrold, + of wordes he wes swyþe bold, 96 + + “Horn, þu art wel kene, + {And} þ{a}t is wel isene; + Þu art gret {and} st{ro}ng, + fair {and} euene lo{n}g. 100 + Þu schalt waxe more + Bi fulle seue ȝere. + + “Horn, þou art swiþe scene, + And follyche swiþe kene; + Þou art fayr and eke strong, + Þou art eueneliche long. 100 + Þou scald more wexe + In þis fif yere þe nexte. + + “horn, þou art swyþe kene, + bryht of hewe {ant} shene; + þou art fayr {ant} eke strong + {ant} eke eueneliche long. 100 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Sidenote: at the same time with forebodings that if Horn lives, he will +take revenge.] + + Ȝef þu mote to liue go, + {And} þine feren also, 104 + Ȝef hit so bi falle, + Ȝe scholde slen vs alle. + Þaruore þu most to stere, + Þu {and} þine ifere. 108 + To schupe schulle ȝe funde + {And} sinke to þe grunde. + + Ȝif þu to liue mictest go, + An þine feren also, 104 + Þat micte so bifalle + Þou suldes slen us alle. + Þe for þou scald to stron go + And þine feren also. 108 + To schip ye schule{n} sto{u}nde + A sinke{n} to þe grunde. + + ȝef þou to lyue mote go, + ant þyne feren also, 104 + þat ymay byfalle + þ{a}t ȝe shule slen vs alle. + [Sidenote: [leaf 84]] + þare fore þou shalt to streme go, + þou ant þy feren also. 108 + to shipe ȝe shule founde + {ant} sinke to þe grounde. + + Þe se ȝou schal adrenche; + Ne schal hit us noȝt of þinche. 112 + For if þu were aliue, + Wiþ swerd oþ{er} wiþ kniue + We scholden alle deie, + {And} þi fader deþ abeie.” 116 + + Þe se þe sal adrinke; + Ne sal hit us of þinke. 112 + For yf þou come to liue, + With suerdes or with cniue + We sholde alle deye, + Þi fad{er}es det abeye.” 116 + + þe see þe shal adrenche; + ne shal hit vs of þenche. 112 + for ȝef þou were alyue, + wiþ suerd oþer wiþ knyue + we shulden alle deȝe, + þy fader deþ to beye.” 116 + +[Headnote: _Horn is put to sea in a boat._] + +[Sidenote: Grieving sorely, the children are put aboard the boat,] + + ++Þe children hi broȝte to st{ro}nde, + Wringinde here honde, + Into schupes borde + At þe furste worde. 120 + Ofte hadde horn beo wo, + At neure wurs þan him was þo. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . .] + + Þe childre yede to stronde, + Wringende here honde. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . .] + Ofte hauede horn child be wo, + Bute neu{er}e werse þa{n} þo. + Horns yede in to þe shipes bord + Sone at þe firste word, 124 + And alle hise feren, + Þat ware him lef and dere. + + þe children ede to þe stronde, + wryngynde huere honde, + ant in to shipes borde + at þe furste worde. 120 + ofte hade horn be wo, + ah neuer wors þen hi{m} wes þo. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + Þe se bigan to flowe + {And} hornchild to rowe. 128 + Þe se þ{a}t schup so faste drof, + Þe children dradde þer of. + Hi wenden to wisse + Of here lif to misse, 132 + + Þe se bigan to flowen + And horn faste to rowen. 128 + And here schip swiþe drof; + Þe childre{n} adred þer of. + Þei wende{n} alle wel ywis + Of here lif haued ymis, 132 + + ¶ þe see bygon to flowen + {ant} horn faste to rowen 128 + ant þ{a}t ship wel suyþe drof, + {ant} horn wes adred þer of, + hue wenden mid ywisse + of huere lyue to misse. 132 + +[Sidenote: and the following morning see land.] + + Al þe day {and} al þe niȝt, + Til hit sprang dai liȝt. + ¶ Til horn saȝ on þe st{ro}nde + Men gon i{n} þe londe. 136 + “Feren,” q{ua}þ he, “ȝo{n}ge, + Ihc telle ȝou tiþinge. + + Al þe day and al þe nict, + Til him sprong þe day lyt. + Til horn bi þe stro{n}de + Seth me{n} gon alonde. 136 + “Feren,” he seyde, “singe, + Y telle ȝou a tidinge. + + al þe day {ant} al þe nyht, + o þ{a}t sprong þe day lyht, + Flotterede horn by þe stronde, + er he seye eny londe. 136 + “feren,” quoþ horn þe ȝynge, + “y telle ou tydynge. + +[Sidenote: Horn announces land to his companions.] + + Ihc here foȝeles singe + {And} þ{a}t gras him springe. 140 + Bliþe beo we on lyue, + Vre schup is on ryue.” + Of schup hi gu{n}ne funde + {And} setten fout to grunde. 144 + + Ych here foules singe + And so þe g{ra}s him sp{r}inge. 140 + Bliþe be we o liue, + Houre schip hys come ryue.” + Of schip þe gon fonde + An sette fot on grunde. 144 + + Ich here foules singe, + {ant} se þe grases sp{ri}nge. 140 + blyþe be ȝe alyue, + vr ship is come to ryue.” + of shipe hy gonne founde + {ant} sette fot to grounde. 144 + +[Headnote: _Horn’s farewell to the boat._] + +[Sidenote: All disembark, and Horn bids the boat a touching farewell, +wishing it ‘_dayes gode_,’] + + Bi þe se side + Hi lete{n} þ{a}t schup ride. + Þanne spak him child horn, + In suddene he was iborn, 148 + “Schup, bi þe se flode, + Daies haue þu gode; + Bi þe se brinke + No wat{er} þe na drinke. 152 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + Bi þe se side + Here schip bigan to glide. + Þa{n}ne spek þe chid horn, + In sodenne he was yborn, 148 + “Go nou, schip, by flode, + And haue dawes gode. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Softe mote þou stirie, + No wat{er} þe derie. + + by þe see syde + hure ship bigon to ryde. + þenne spec him child horn, + in sudenne he was yborn, 148 + “nou, ship, by þe flode, + haue dayes gode, + by þe see brynke + no water þe adrynke. 152 + softe mote þou sterye, + þ{a}t water þe ne derye. + +[Sidenote: and charging it with messages to his mother and friends.] + + Ȝef þu cume to Suddenne, + Gret þu wel of myne ke{n}ne; 156 + Gret þu wel my moder, + Godhild, quen þe gode. + And seie þe paene kyng, + Iesucrist{e}s wiþering, 160 + Þat ihc am hol {and} fer + On þis lond ariued her. + And seie þ{a}t hei schal fonde + Þe dent of myne honde.” 164 + + Wa{n}ne þou comes to sodenne, + Gret wel al mi kinne, 156 + And grete wel þe gode + Quen godild, my mod{er}. + And sey þat heþene king, + Ih{es}u c{r}istes wiþerling, 160 + Þat ichc lef and dere, + On londe am riued here. + And sei þat he shal fo{n}ge + Þe deth of mine honde.” 164 + + ȝef þou comest to sudenne, + g{re}t hem þ{a}t me kenne. 156 + gret wel þe gode + quene godild, mi moder. + ant sey þene heþene kyng, + ih{es}u c{ri}stes wytherlyng, 160 + þ{a}t ich hol {ant} fere, + in londe aryuede here. + ant say þ{a}t he shal fonde + þen deþ of myne honde.” 164 + +[Headnote: _King Aylmer welcomes the children._] + +[Sidenote: The children set out from the shore and meet King Aylmer,] + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Þe children ȝede to Tune + Bi dales {and} bi dune. 168 + Hy metten wiþ almair king, + Crist ȝeue{n} him his blessing, + King of West{er}nesse, + Crist ȝiue him Muchel blisse. 172 + + Þe schip biga{n} to flete + And horn child forto wepe. + Þe children yede to towne + Bi dales and bi downe. 168 + ++Metten he with aylm{er} king, + God him yeue god timing, + King of westnesse, + God him yeue blisse. 172 + + ¶ Þe ship bigon to fleoten + {ant} horn child to weopen. + by dales {ant} by dounes + þe children eoden to tounes. 168 + metten hue Eylmer, þe kyng, + c{ri}st him ȝeue god tymyng, + kyng of westnesse, + c[{ri}]st him myhte blesse. 172 + +[Sidenote: who greets them kindly and asks their history.] + + He him spac to horn child + Wordes þat were Mild, + “Whannes beo ȝe, faire gumes, + Þ{a}t her to londe beoþ icume, 176 + Alle þrottene + Of bodie swiþe kene? + Bigod þ{a}t me makede, + A swihc fair verade 180 + Ne sauȝ ihc in none stunde + Bi westene londe. + Seie me wat ȝe seche.” + + For he spek to horn child + Wordes wel swiþe mild, + “We{n}ne be ye, fayre grome, + Þat here to londe ben ycome, 176 + Alle xiij + Of bodi swiþe schene? + Bi ih{es}u þat me made, + So fayre on ereþ clade, 180 + Ne say neu{er}e stonde + In al westnesse londe. + Sey me wat ye seche.” + + he spec to horn child + wordes suyþe myld, + “whenne be ȝe gomen, + þat bueþ her a londe ycomen, 176 + alle þrettene + of bodye suyþe kene? + by god þat me made, + so feyr a felaurade 180 + ne seh y neuer stonde + in westnesse Londe. + say me whet ȝe seche.” + + Horn spak here speche, 184 + He spak for he{m} alle, + Vor so hit moste biualle. + He was þe faireste + {And} of wit þe beste. 188 + + Horn spak here speche, 184 + Hor spak for hem alle, + So hit moste by falle, + For þat he was fayrest + And of witte wisest. 188 + + horn spec huere speche. 184 + ¶ Horn spac for huem alle, + for so hit moste byfalle; + he wes þe wyseste + {ant} of wytte þe beste. 188 + +[Headnote: _Horn tells his history._] + +[Sidenote: Horn tells the king about their adventures,] + + ¶ “We beoþ of Suddenne, + Icome of gode kenne, + Of Cristene blode + {And} kynges suþe gode. 192 + Payns þer gu{n}ne ariue + {And} duden hem of lyue. + Hi sloȝen {and} to droȝe + Cristenemen inoȝe. 196 + + “We ben of sodenne, + ycome{n} of godeme{n}ne, + Of c{r}istene blode + And of swiþe gode. 192 + Paynims þer were riued + And broucte{n} men of liue. + He slowe and to drowe + C{r}istene men hy nowe. 196 + + “we bueþ of sudenne, + ycome of gode kenne, + of c{ri}stene blode, + of cunne swyþe gode. 192 + payenes þer connen aryue + {ant} c{ri}stine brohten of lyue, + slowen {ant} to drowe + c{ri}stinemen ynowe. 196 + + So crist me mote rede, + Vs he dude lede + In to a galeie, + Wiþ þe se to pleie. 200 + Dai hit is igon {and} oþer + Wiþute sail {and} roþer. + + So god me mote rede. + Vs he deden lede + In to salyley, + Wit þe se to pleye. 200 + Day igo and oþer + Wit ute{n} seyl and roþer. + + so c{ri}st me mote rede, + ous hy duden lede + [Sidenote: [leaf 84, back]] + In to a galeye, + wiþ þe see to pleye. 200 + day is gon {ant} oper + wiþ oute seyl {ant} roþer. + +[Sidenote: and bids him do his will with them.] + + Vre schip bigan to swymme + To þis londes brymme. 204 + Nu þu miȝt vs slen, {and} binde + Vre honde bihynde. + Bute ȝef hit beo þi wille, + Helpe þ{a}t we ne spille.” 208 + ¶ Þanne spak þe gode kyng, + I wis he nas no Niþing, + + And hure schip swemme gan, + And he to londe it wan. 204 + Nou men us binde + Oure honde{n} us bi hinde{n}, + And yf it be þi wille, + Help us þat we ne spille.” 208 + Þo bispac aylm{er} king, + Was he neu{er}e nyþing, + + vre ship flet forþ ylome, + {ant} her to londe hit ys ycome. 204 + Nou þou myht vs slen, {ant} bynde + oure honde vs bihynde. + ah ȝef hit is þi wille, + help vs þ{a}t we ne spille.” 208 + ¶ Þo spac þe gode kyng, + he nes neuer nyþyng, + +[Headnote: _Horn tells his name._] + +[Sidenote: Aylmer asks Horn’s name,] + + “Seie me, child, what is þi name? + Ne schaltu haue bute game.” 212 + Þe child him answerde, + Sone so he hit herde, + “Horn ihc am ihote, + Icomen vt of þe bote, 216 + Fram þe se side, + Kyng, wel mote þe tide.” + + “Sey me, child, wat is þi name, + Ne schal þe tide bote game.” 212 + Þat child him answerede, + Sone so hit herde, + “Hor hich am hote, + Ycome out of þe bote, 216 + Fram þe se syde, + King, wel þe bityde.” + + “sey, child, whet is þy name, + shal þe tide bote game.” 212 + þe child him onsuerede, + so sone he hit yherde, + “Horn ycham yhote, + ycome out of þis bote, 216 + from þe see side, + kyng, wel þe bitide.” + +[Sidenote: and learning it, puns upon it,] + + Þanne hym spak þe gode king, + “Wel bruc þu þin eueni{n}g. 220 + Horn, þu go wel schulle + Bi dales {and} bi hulle. + + “++Hon child,” qwad þe king, + “Wel brouke þou þi nami{n}g. 220 + Horn him goth snille + Bi dales an bi hulle; + + “horn child,” quoþ þe kyng, + “wel brouc þou þy nome ȝyng. 220 + horn him goþ so stille + bi dales {ant} by hulles. + +[Sidenote: predicting that Horn’s fame shall spread like the sound of a +horn.] + + Horn, þu lude sune + Bi dales {and} bi dune. 224 + So schal þi name springe + Fram kynge to kynge, + {And} þi fairnesse + Abute West{er}nesse, 228 + Þe strengþe of þine honde + Into Eurech londe. + + And þoruuth eche toune + Horn him shilleþ soune. 224 + So shal þi name springe + Fram kinge to kinge, + And þi fayrnesse + Þoru out westnesse, 228 + And stregþe of þine honde + Þoruouth eu{er}ich londe. + + horn haþ loude soune + þurh out vch a toune. 224 + so shal þi nome sp{ri}nge + from kynge to kynge, + ant þi feirnesse + aboute westnesse. 228 + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Sidenote: He then leads Horn home.] + + Horn, þu art so swete + Ne may ihc þe forlete.” 232 + Hom rod Aylmar þe kyng, + {And} horn mid him his fundyng + {And} alle his ifere, + Þ{a}t were him so dere. 236 + + Horn þu art so swete + No schal yþe for lete.” 232 + Hom rod him aylm{er} king, + And wit horn þe sweting + And alle hyse feren, + Þat weren lef and dere. 236 + + horn þou art so suete, + ne shal y þe forlete.” 232 + Hom rod Aylmer þe kyng, + {ant} horn wiþ him, his fundlyng, + {ant} alle his yfere, + þat him were so duere. 236 + +[Headnote: _Arrangements for education of the children._] + +[Sidenote: The king entrusts Horn to Athelbrus, the steward, charging +the latter to give Horn full instruction in hunting, fishing,] + + ¶ Þe kyng com in to halle + Among his kniȝtes alle; + Forþ he clupede aþelbrus, + Þat was stiward of his hus. 240 + “Stiwarde, tak nu here + Mi fundlyng for to lere + Of þine mest{er}e, + Of wude {and} of riu{er}e, 244 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + Þe king com in to halle + Amo{n}g hise kinctes alle. + He bad clepen aybrous, + Þe heye stiward of his hous. 240 + “Stiward, haue þou here + Horn chil for to lere + Of þine mestere, + [_No gap in MS._ . . . .] + Of wode and of felde 244 + To riden wel wit shelde. + + þe kyng com in to halle + among his knyhtes alle. + forþ he clepeþ Aþelbrus, + his stiward, {ant} him seide þus, 240 + “stiward, tac þou here + my fundlyng, forto lere + of þine mestere, + of wode {ant} of ryuere, 244 + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Sidenote: playing the harp, and in serving with the cup.] + + {And} tech him to harpe + Wiþ his nayles scharpe, 248 + Biuore me to kerue + {And} of þe cupe serue. + Þu tech him of alle þe liste + Þat þu eure of wiste. 252 + + Tech him of þe harpe, + Wit his nayles sharpe 248 + Biforn me for to harpen, + And of þe cuppe seruen, + And of alle þe listes + Þat þou on erþe vistes. 252 + + and toggen o þe harpe + wiþ is nayles sharpe; 248 + and tech him alle þe listes + þ{a}t þou euer wystest, + byfore me to keruen + {ant} of my coupe to seruen. 252 + + In his feiren þou wise + In to oþere s{er}uise. + Horn þu vnderuonge + {And} tech him of harpe {and} songe.” 256 + ¶ Ailbrus gan lere + Horn {and} his yfere. + + His feren deuise + Of oþer seruise. + ++Horn child þou vnderfonge; + Tech him of harpe and so{n}ge.” 256 + And aylbrous gan leren + Horn and hise feren. + + ant his feren deuyse + wiþ ous oþer seruise. + horn child þou vnderstond, + tech him of harpe {ant} of song.” 256 + ¶ Aþelbrus gon leren, + horn {ant} hyse feren. + +[Headnote: _Rymenhild loves Horn._] + +[Sidenote: Horn learns readily and becomes a general favourite.] + + Horn in herte laȝte + Al þat he him taȝte. 260 + In þe curt {and} vte, + {And} elles al abute, + Luuede men horn child; + {And} mest him louede Rymenhild, 264 + Þe kynges oȝene dofter. + He was mest in þoȝte. + + Horn in h{er}te laucte + Al þat men him taucte. 260 + Wit hine þe curt and wit oute, + And alle veie aboute, + Men louede{n} alle horn child, + And mest him louede rimenild, 264 + Þe kinge owne dout{er}. + He was eu{er}e in þoute. + + horn mid herte lahte + al þ{a}t mon him tahte. 260 + wiþ inne court {ant} wiþ oute + {ant} oueral aboute, + Louede men horn child; + {ant} most him louede rymenyld, 264 + Þe kynges oune dohter, + for he wes in hire þohte. + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild falls passionately in love with him,] + + Heo louede so horn child, + Þat neȝ heo gan wexe wild; 268 + For heo ne miȝte at borde + Wiþ him speke no worde, + Ne noȝt in þe halle + Amo{n}g þe kniȝtes alle, 272 + Ne nowhar in non oþ{er}e stede, + Of folk heo hadde drede, + Bi daie ne bi niȝte, + Wiþ him speke ne miȝte. 276 + Hire soreȝe ne hire pine + Ne miȝte neure fine. + In heorte heo hadde wo, + {And} þus hire biþoȝte þo. 280 + + So hye louede horn child, + Þat hye wex al wild. 268 + Hye ne micte on borde + Wit horn speken no worde, + Noþer in þe halle + Among þe kinctes alle, 272 + Ne nower i{n} no stede, + For for folc þer was so meche. + Hire sorwe and hire pyne + Nolde he neu{er}e fine. 276 + Bi day ne bi nicte + Wit him speke ne micte. + In h{er}te hye haue kare and wo; + Þus he hire bi þoucte þo. 280 + + hue louede hi{m} in hire mod, + for he wes feir {ant} eke god. 268 + {ant} þah hue ne dorste at bord + mid hi{m} speke ner a word, + ne in þe halle + among þe knyhtes alle, 272 + hyre sorewe ant hire pyne + nolde neuer fyne + bi daye ne by nyhte, + for hue speke ne myhte 276 + wiþ horn þ{a}t wes so feir {ant} fre, + þo hue ne myhte wiþ him be. + In herte hue hade care {ant} wo, + {ant} þ{us} hue biþohte hire þo. 280 + +[Sidenote: and sends to Athelbrus.] + + Heo sende hire sonde + Aþelbrus to honde, + Þ{a}t he come hire to, + {And} also scholde horn do 284 + Al in to bure, + ffor heo ga{n} to lure. + {And} þe sonde seide + Þ{a}t sik lai þ{a}t maide, 288 + {And} bad him come swiþe + For heo nas noþing bliþe. + + He sende hire sonde + Aylbrous to honde. + And be, he schold hire come{n} to, + And also scholde horn do 284 + In to hire boure, + For hye gan to loure. + And ysonde seyde + Wel riche was þe mede, 288 + And bed him come{n} swiþe, + For hye nas naut bliþ. + + Hue sende hyre sonde + Athelbrus to honde, + [Sidenote: [leaf 85]] + þat he come hue to, + {ant} also shulde horn do 284 + in to hire boure, + for hue bigon to loure. + {ant} þe sonde sayde + þ{a}t seek wes þe mayde, 288 + {ant} bed him come suyþe, + for hue nis nout blyþe. + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild bids Athelbrus bring Horn to her bower,] + + Þe stuard was in herte wo, + For he nuste what to do. 292 + Wat Rymenhild hure þoȝte, + Gret wunder him þuȝte. + Abute horn þe ȝonge + To bure for to bringe, 296 + + Þe stiward was i{n} h{er}te wo, + He ne wiste wat he micte do. 292 + Wat reymnyld wroute, + Mikel wond{er} him þoute. + Abote horn þe ȝenge + To boure for to bringe, 296 + + ¶ Þe stiward wes in huerte wo, + for he nuste whet he shulde do. 292 + what rymenild bysohte, + gret wonder him þohte, + aboute horn þe ȝinge + to boure forte bringe. 296 + +[Headnote: _Athelbrus brings Athulf to bower._] + +[Sidenote: but he, fearing some evil consequence, takes Athulf instead.] + + He þoȝte upon his mode + Hit nas for none gode. + He tok him anoþer, + Athulf, hornes broþer. 300 + + He þoucte on his mode + Hit nas for none gode. + He tok wit him anoþer, + Þat was hornes wed broþer. 300 + + he þohte on is mode + hit nes for none gode. + he tok wiþ him an oþer, + aþulf, hornes broþer. 300 + + ¶ “Aþulf,” he sede, “riȝt anon + Þu schalt wiþ me to bure gon, + To speke wiþ Rymenhild stille + {And} witen hure wille. 304 + In hornes ilike + Þu schalt hure biswike. + Sore ihc me ofdrede + He wolde horn misrede.” 308 + + “Ayol,” he seyde, “ryt anon + Þou shalt wit me to boure gon, + To speke wit reymyld stille + And witen al hire wille. 304 + In hornes ylyche + Þou schalt hir{e} bi swike. + Wel sore y me of drede + Þat hye wile horn mis rede.” 308 + + “Athulf,” quoþ he, “ryht anon + þou shalt wiþ me to boure gon, + to speke wiþ rymenild stille, + to wyte hyre wille. 304 + þou art hornes yliche, + þou shalt hire by suyke; + sore me adrede + þ{a}t hue wole horn mys rede.” 308 + +[Headnote: _Reception of Athulf._] + +[Sidenote: Athelbrus and Athulf go to Rymenhild’s bower, and Rymenhild, +mistaking Athulf for Horn, embraces him] + + Aþelbrus gan Aþulf lede + {And} in to bure wiþ him ȝede. + Anon vpon Aþulf child + Rymenhild gan wexe wild. 312 + He we{n}de þ{a}t horn hit were + Þ{a}t heo hauede þere. + Heo sette him on bedde, + Wiþ Aþulf child he wedde. 316 + On hire armes tweie + Aþulf heo gan leie. + + Aylbrous, and ayol hi{m} myde, + Boþe he to bour{e} ȝede. + Opon ayol childe + Reymyld was naut wilde. 312 + Hye wende horn hit were + Þat hye hadde þere. + Hye sette him on bedde, + With ayol he gan wedde. 316 + In hire armes tweye + Ayol he gan leye. + + Athelbrus {ant} Athulf bo + to hire boure beþ ygo. + vpon Athulf childe + rymenild con waxe wilde. 312 + hue wende horn it were + þ{a}t hue hade þere. + hue seten adoun stille + ant seyden hure wille. 316 + In hire armes tueye + Athulf he con leye. + +[Sidenote: and declares her love.] + + “Horn,” q{ua}þ heo, “wel longe + Ihc habbe þe luued st{r}onge. 320 + Þu schalt þi trewþe pliȝte + On myn hond her riȝte, + Me to spuse holde, + {And} ihc þe lord to wolde.” 324 + ¶ Aþulf sede on hire ire, + So stille so hit were, + + “Horn,” hye seyde, “so longe + Ich habbe yloued þe stronge. 320 + Þou schalt me treuþe plyȝte + In mine honde wel ryhcte, + Me to spouse welde, + And ich þe louerd to helde.” 324 + And seyde in hire here, + So stille so it were, + + “horn,” quoþ he, “wel longe + y haue loued þe stronge; 320 + þou shalt þy treuþe plyhte + in myn hond wiþ ryhte, + me to spouse welde, + {ant} ich þe louerd to helde.” 324 + so stille so hit were + athulf seyde in hire eere, + +[Sidenote: Athulf discloses his identity, and bids her desist.] + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + “Þi tale nu þu lynne, + For horn nis noȝt her in{n}e. + + “Ne te þou more speche, + Su{m} ma{n} þe wile bi keche. 328 + Þi tale bi gyn to lynne, + For horn nis nouth heri{n}ne. + + “ne tel þou no more speche, + may, y þe by seche. 328 + þi tale gyn þou lynne, + for horn nis nout her ynne. + +[Sidenote: Athulf declares himself in every way inferior to Horn, and +his unwillingness to deceive.] + + Ne beo we noȝt iliche, + Horn is fairer {and} riche, 332 + Fairer bi one ribbe + Þane eni Man þ{a}t libbe. + Þeȝ horn were vnder Molde, + Oþ{er} elles wher he wolde, 336 + Oþer henne a þuse{n}d Mile, + Ihc nolde him ne þe bigile.” + ¶ Rymenhild hire biwente, + {And} Aþelbrus fule heo schente. 340 + + Horn his fayr and riche, + Be we naut yliche, 332 + Fayror hond{er} ribbe + Þan onyman þat libbe. + Þei horn were hond{er} molde + Oþer elles qwere e wolde, 336 + Hanne ou{er} a þousond mile, + Ne schulde ich him bigile.” + Reymyld hire bi wende, + Þe stiward sone he schende. 340 + + ne be we nout yliche, + for horn is fayr {ant} ryche, 332 + fayrore by one ribbe + þen ani mon þat libbe. + þah horn were vnder molde, + {ant} oþer elle wher he sholde, 336 + hennes a þousent milen, + y nulle him bigilen.” + ¶ rymenild hire by wente, + ant Athelbrus þus heo shende, 340 + +[Headnote: _Rymenhild rages at Athelbrus._] + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild storms at Athelbrus, and drives him from the +bower.] + + “He{n}nes þu go, þu fule þeof, + Ne wurstu me neure more leof + Went vt of my bur, + Wiþ muchel mesauenteur. 344 + Schame mote þu fonge + {And} on hiȝe rode anhonge. + Ne spek ihc noȝt wiþ horn, + Nis he noȝt so vnorn. 348 + Hor[n] is fairer þane beo he, + Wiþ muchel schame mote þu deie.” + + “Aylbrous, þu foule þef, + Ne worstu me neu{er}e lef. + Wend out of mi bour{e}, + Wyt muchel mesaue{n}ture. 344 + Heuele ded mote þou fonge + And on heuele rode on honge. + Spak ich nou with horn, + His he nowt me biforn. 348 + He his fayror of liue; + Wend out he{n}ne bilyue.” + + “Aþelbrus, þou foule þef, + ne worþest þou me neuer lef. + went out of my boure, + shame þe mote by shoure, 344 + ant euel hap to vnderfonge + {ant} euele rode on to honge. + Ne speke y nout wiþ horne, + nis he nout so vnorne. 348 + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Headnote: _Athelbrus promises to bring Horn._] + + ¶ Aþelbrus in a stunde + Fel anon to grunde. 352 + “Lefdi, Min oȝe, + Liþe me a litel þroȝe. + + Þo aylbrous a stounde + On kneus fel to grunde. 352 + “A, leuedy, min howe, + Lyþe a litel þrowe. + + ¶ Þo Athelbrus astounde + fel aknen to grounde. 352 + “ha, leuedy, myn owe, + me lyþe a lutel þrowe, + +[Sidenote: Athelbrus explains his fears,] + + Lust whi ihc wonde + Bringe þe horn to honde. 356 + For horn is fair {and} riche, + Nis no whar his iliche. + Aylmar, þe gode kyng, + Dude him on mi lokyng. 360 + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . .] + To bringe þe horn to honde. 356 + Horn hys fayr and riche, + His no man hys liche, + And aylm{er}, þe gode king, + Dede him in Mi loking. 360 + + ant list were fore ych wonde + to bringen horn to honde. 356 + for horn is fayr {ant} riche, + nis non his ylyche. + Aylmer þe gode kyng + dude him me in lokyng. 360 + + Ȝef horn were her abute, + Sore y me dute + Wiþ him ȝe wolden pleie + Bitwex ȝou selue tweie. 364 + Þa{n}ne scholde wiþuten oþe + Þe kyng maken vs wroþe. + + Ȝyf horn þe were aboute, + Wel sore ich me doute + Þat ye schulde{n} pleye + Bitwen hou one tweye. 364 + Þan scholde wit oute{n} oþe + Þe king hus maken wroþe. + + Ȝif horn þe were aboute, + sore ich myhte doute + wiþ him þou woldest pleye + bituene ou seluen tueye. 364 + þenne shulde wiþ outen oþe + þe kyng vs make wroþe. + +[Sidenote: but asks Rymenhild’s forgiveness, and promises to bring Horn +in all events.] + + Rymenhild, forȝef me þi tene, + Lefdi, my quene, 368 + And horn ihc schal þe fecche, + Wham so hit recche.” + + For ȝyf me þi tene, + My leuedi and my quene, 368 + And horn ich wolle feche, + Wam so hit eu{er}e reche.” + + [Sidenote: [leaf 85, back]] + Ah, forȝef me þi teone, + my leuedy Ant my quene. 368 + Horn y shal þe fecche, + wham so hit yrecche.” + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild is glad, and bids him bring Horn as a squire.] + + ¶ Rymenhild, ȝef he cuþe, + Gan lynne wiþ hire Muþe. 372 + Heo makede hire wel bliþe + Wel was hire þ{a}t siþe. + + Reymyld, ȝyf hye cowþe, + Gan leyhe wyt hire mouþe. 372 + Hye lowe and makede blyþe + Wel was hire swiþe. + + rymenild, ȝef heo couþe, + con lyþe wiþ hyre mouþe. 372 + heo loh {ant} made hire blyþe, + for wel wes hyre olyue. + + “Go nu,” q{ua}þ heo, “sone, + {And} send him aft{er} none 376 + Whane þe kyng arise, + On a squieres wise. + To wude for to pleie. + Nis no{n} þ{a}t him biwreie; 380 + He schal wiþ me bileue + Til hit beo nir eue, + To hauen of him mi wille. + Aft{er} ne recchecche what me telle.” 384 + + “Go,” hye seyde, “sone, + And bring him aft{er} none, 376 + In a sq{u}ieres wise, + Wan þe king aryse. + He wende forþ to horne; + Ne wolde sche him werne. 380 + “He schal mid me bi leue + Til hyt be ner heue. + Had ich of hym my wille, + Ne reche y wat men telle.” 384 + + “go þon,” quoþ heo, “sone, + {ant} send him after none, 376 + a skuyeres wyse, + when þe king aryse. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 380 + he shal myd me bileue + þ{a}t hit be ner eue. + haue ich of hi{m} mi wille, + ne recchi whet men telle.” 384 + +[Headnote: _Athelbrus invites Horn to Rymenhild._] + +[Sidenote: Athelbrus finds Horn in hall, serving the king.] + + ¶ Aylbrus wende hire fro; + Horn in halle fond he þo, + Bifore þe kyng on benche, + Wyn for to schenche. 388 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + Aylbrous fram boure wende, + Horn i{n} halle he fonde, + Bi forn þe king abenche, + Red win to schenche, 388 + And aft{er} mete stale, + Boþe win and ale. + + ¶ Athelbrus goþ wiþ alle; + horn he fond in halle, + bifore þe kyng o benche, + wyn forte shenche. 388 + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Sidenote: He bids him go to Rymenhild’s bower, at the same time urging +him to be discreet.] + + “Horn,” q{ua}þ he, “so hende, + To bure nu þu wende, 392 + Aft{er} mete stille, + Wiþ Rymenhild to duelle. + Wordes suþe bolde + In herte þu hem holde. 396 + + “Horn,” he seyde, “so hende, + To bour{e} þo most wende, 392 + Aft{er} mete stille, _wit_ + With reymild to dwelle. + Wordes swiþe bolde + In h{er}te gon þu holde. 396 + + “Horn,” quoþ he, “þou hende, + to boure gyn þou wende, 392 + to speke wiþ rymenild þe ȝynge, + dohter oure kynge, + wordes suyþe bolde; + þin horte gyn þou holde. 396 + + Horn, beo me wel trewe; + Ne schal hit þe neure rewe.” + Horn in herte leide + Al þ{a}t he him seide. 400 + He ȝeode in wel riȝte + To Rymenhild þe briȝte. + + Hor, be me wel trewe; + Ne schal it þe nouth rewe.” + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 400 + ++Horn him we{n}de forþricte + To reymyld þe brycte. + + Horn, be þou me trewe, + shal þe nout arewe.” + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 400 + He eode forþ to ryhte + to rymenild þe bryhte. + +[Headnote: _Rymenhild’s reception of Horn._] + +[Sidenote: Horn greets Rymenhild with fair words.] + + On knes he him sette, + And sweteliche hure grette. 404 + Of his feire siȝte + Al þe bur gan liȝte. + He spac faire speche; + Ne dorte him noman teche. 408 + + Hon kneus he him sette + And rimyld fayre grette. 404 + Of þat fayre wihcte + Al þe halle gan licte. + He spak fayre speche; + Ne þar him no ma teche. 408 + + a knewes he him sette + {ant} suetliche hire grette. 404 + of is fayre syhte + al þ{a}t bour gan lyhte. + he spac faire is speche; + ne durþ non him teche. 408 + + “Wel þu sitte {and} softe, + Rymenhild þe briȝte, + Wiþ þine Maidenes sixe + Þ{a}t þe sitteþ nixte. 412 + Kinges stuard vre + Sende me in to bure. + Wiþ þe speke ihc scholde; + Seie me what þu woldest. 416 + Seie, {and} ich schal here, + What þi wille were.” + + “Wel þou sitte and softe, + Reymyld, kinges dout{er}, + With þine maydnes syxe + Þat sittet þe nexte. 412 + Þe kinges stiward and hour{e} + Sente me to boure. + With þe hy speke schulde; + Sey me wat þou wolde. 416 + Sey, and ich schal here, + Wat þi wille were.” + + “wel þ{o}u sitte {ant} soþte, + rymenild, kinges dohter, + ant þy maydnes here + þat sitteþ þyne yfere. 412 + Kynges styward oure + sende me to boure, + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 416 + forte y here, leuedy myn, + whet be wille þyn.” + +[Headnote: _Conversation between Horn and Rymenhild._] + +[Sidenote: She takes Horn by the hand and embraces him.] + + ¶ Rymenhild vp gan stonde + {And} tok him bi þe honde. 420 + Heo sette him on pelle, + Of wyn to drinke his fulle. + Heo makede him faire chere + {And} tok him abute þe swere. 424 + Ofte heo him custe, + So wel so hire luste. + + Reymild up gan sto{n}de + And tok him bi þe honde. 420 + Sette he him on palle; + Wyn hye dide fulle, + Makede fayre chere, + And tok him bi þe swere. 424 + Often hye him kiste, + So wel hire luste. + + rymenild vp gon stonde + {ant} tok him by þe honde. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + heo made feyre chere + {ant} tok him bi þe suere. 424 + ofte heo him custe, + so wel hyre luste. + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild tells Horn of her love for him, and bids him plight +her his troth.] + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + “Wel come, horn,” hye seyde, + “So fayr so god þe makede. 428 + An heue and amorwe + For þe ich habbe sorwe. + Haue ich none reste; + Slepe me ne liste. 432 + Leste me þis sorwe, + Lyue hy nawt to morwe. + Horn, þou schalt wel swiþe + My longe sorwe liþe; 436 + + “Wel come, horn,” þus sayde + rymenild, þ{a}t mayde, 428 + “an euen {ant} a morewe + for þe ich habbe sorewe, + þ{a}t y haue no reste, + ne slepe me ne lyste. 432 + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Horn, þou shalt wel swyþe + mi longe serewe lyþe; 436 + + “Horn,” heo sede, “wiþute strif + Þu schalt haue me to þi wif. + Horn, haue of me rewþe, + {And} plist me þi trewþe.” 440 + ¶ Horn þo him biþoȝte + What he speke miȝte. + + Þou schalt, wit ute{n} st{r}iue, + Habben me to wiue. + Horn, haue on me rewþe, + And plyct þou me þi trewþe.” 440 + Horn child him bi þoute + Wat he speke myȝte. + + þou shalt wyþ-oute st{ri}ue + habbe me to wyue. + horn, haue of me reuþe, + {ant} plyht me þi treuþe.” 440 + ¶ horn þo him byþohte + whet he speken ohte. + +[Sidenote: Horn urges his low birth and foundling state in objection.] + + “Crist,” q{ua}þ he, “þe wisse, + {And} ȝiue þe heuene blisse 444 + Of þine husebonde, + Wher he beo i{n} lo{n}de; + Ihc am ibore to lowe + Such wi{m}man to knowe. 448 + + “God,” qwad horn, “þe wisse, + And ȝyue þe ioye and blisse 444 + Of þine hosebonde, + Whare he be in londe. + Ich am hy bor{n} to lowe + Such a wyf to owe. 448 + + “c{ri}st,” quoþ horn, “þe wisse, + {ant} ȝeue þe heuene blisse 444 + of þine hosebonde, + who he be a londe. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 448 + + Ihc am icome of þralle, + {And} fu{n}dli{n}g bifalle. + Ne feolle hit þe of cu{n}de + To spuse beo me bunde. 452 + Hit nere no fair wedding + Bitwexe a þral {and} a king.” + ¶ Þo gan Rymenhild mis lyke, + {And} sore gan to sike. 456 + + Ich am bor{n} þralle, + And fundlynge am bi falle. + Ich am nawt of kende + Þe to spouse welde. 452 + Hit were no fayr wedding + Bituene a þral and þe king.” + Reymyld ga{n} to mys lyke, + And sore forto syke. 456 + + ich am ybore þral, + þy fader fundlyng wiþ-al. + of kunde me ne felde + þe to spouse welde. 452 + Hit nere no fair weddyng + bituene a þral {ant} þe kyng.” + þo gon rymenild mis lyken, + {ant} sore[KH-2] bigon to syken. 456 + + [Footnote KH-2: _to syken_ crossed out after _sore_.] + +[Headnote: _Horn asks Rymenhild’s assistance._] + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild swoons when she hears Horn’s reply.] + + Armes heo gan buȝe; + Adun he feol iswoȝe. + ¶ Horn in herte was ful wo, + {And} tok hire on his armes two. 460 + He gan hire for to kesse, + Wel ofte mid ywisse. + + Armes hye na{m} boþe, + And doune he fel yswowe. + Hor hire ofte wende, + And in hys armes trende. 460 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + armes bigon vnbowe, + {ant} doun heo fel y swowe. + Horn hire vp hente + {ant} in is armes trente. 460 + he gon hire to cusse, + {ant} feyre forte wisse. + +[Sidenote: Horn caresses her, and promises that if she will help him to +become dubbed knight, he will do her will.] + + “Le{m}man,” he sede, “dere, + Þin herte nu þu stere. 464 + Help me to kniȝte, + Bi al þine miȝte + To my lord þe ki{n}g, + Þ{a}t he me ȝiue dubbi{n}g. 468 + + “Le{m}ma{n},” qwat he, “dere, + Þin h{er}te gyn þou to stere, 464 + And hep þou me to knicte, + Oppe þine myȝte + To my louerd þe kinge, + Þat he me ȝyue dobbinge. 468 + + “rymenild,” quoþ he, “duere, + help me þ{a}t ych were 464 + [Sidenote: [leaf 86]] + Ydobbed to be knyhte, + suete, bi al þi myhte + to mi louerd þe kyng, + þ{a}t he me ȝeue dobbyng. 468 + + Þa{n}ne is mi þralhod + Iwe{n}t i{n} to kniȝthod, + {And} i schal wexe more, + {And} do, le{m}ma{n}, þi lore.” 472 + ¶ Rymenhild, þ{a}t swete þing, + Wakede of hire swoȝning. + + And þa{n}ne hys my þralhede + yterned in knyt hede, + And þe{n}ne hy schal wite more, + And don aft{er} þi lore.” 472 + Þo reymyl þe ȝenge + Com of hire swohinge, + + þenne is my þralhede + al wend in to knyhthede. + y shal waxe more + {ant} do, rymenild, þi lore.” 472 + Þo rymenild þe ȝynge + a-ros of hire swowenynge. + +[Headnote: _Rymenhild instructs Horn what to do._] + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild promises Horn that he shall be made knight within a +fortnight,] + + “Horn,” q{ua}þ heo, “vel sone + Þ{a}t schal beon idone. 476 + Þu schalt beo dubbed kniȝt + Are come seue niȝt. + Haue her þis cuppe, + {And} þis Ring þer vppe, 480 + To Aylbrus {and} stuard, + {And} se he holde foreward. + + And seyde, “horn, wel ricte, + Þou art so fayr and briycte, 476 + Þou schalt worþe to knyte, + hyt comeȝ sone nyȝte. + Nym þou here þis coppe, + And þis ryng þer oppe, 480 + And beryt hour{e} styward, + And bid helde foreward. + + “Nou, horn, to soþe, + y leue þe by þyn oþe, 476 + þou shalt be maked knyht + er þen þis fourteniht. + ber þou her þes coppe, + {ant} þes ringes þer vppe, 480 + to Athelbrus þe styward, + {ant} say him he holde foreward. + +[Sidenote: and tells him to bid Athelbrus fall on his knees before the +king, in his behalf.] + + Seie ich him biseche, + Wiþ loueliche speche, 484 + Þ{a}t he adu{n} falle + Bifore þe ki{n}g i{n} halle, + {And} bidde þe king ariȝte + Dubbe þe to kniȝte. 488 + Wiþ seluer {and} wiþ golde + Hit wurþ him wel iȝolde. + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 484 + Bid hym for þe falle + To kinges fot i{n} halle, + Þat he dubbe þe to knicte + Wyt hys swerde so bricte. 488 + Wyt siluer and wit golde + Hyt worþ him wel hyȝolde. + + Sey ich him biseche, + wiþ loueliche speche, 484 + þ{a}t he for þe falle + to þe kynges fet in halle, + þ{a}t he wiþ is worde + þe knyhty wiþ sworde. 488 + wiþ seluer {ant} wiþ golde + hit worþ him wel yȝolde. + +[Sidenote: Horn seeks out Athelbrus and tells his errand.] + + Crist him lene spede + Þin ere{n}de to bede.” 492 + + ++Horn, god lene þe wel spede + Þi h{er}dne forto bede.” 492 + + nou c{ri}st him lene spede + þin erndyng do bede.” 492 + + ¶ Horn tok his leue, + For hit was neȝ eue. + Aþelbr{us} he soȝte + {And} ȝaf him þ{a}t he broȝte, 496 + {And} tolde hi{m} ful ȝare + Hu he hadde ifare, + {And} sede hi{m} his nede, + {And} bihet him his mede. 500 + + Horn tok hys leue, + For it was ney eue. + Aylbrous he sowte + And tok him þat he browte. 496 + He talede to him þere + hou he hauede hy fare. + He telde him of his nede, + And bi het him his mede. 500 + + ¶ Horn tok is leue, + for hit wes neh eue. + Athelbrus he sohte + {ant} tok him þ{a}t he brohte, 496 + ant tolde him þare + hou he hede yfare. + he seide him is nede, + {ant} him bihet is mede. 500 + +[Headnote: _The King promises to knight Horn._] + +[Sidenote: Athelbrus goes before the king in hall,] + + ¶ Aþelbrus also swiþe + We{n}te to halle bliue. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 504 + “Kyng,” he sede, “þu leste + A tale mid þe beste. + Þu schalt bere c{ru}ne + Tomoreȝe i{n} þis tune. 508 + + Aylbrous wel bliþe + To halle he ȝede wel swiþe, + And sette him on kneuling, + And grette wel þe king. 504 + “Syre,” he seyde, “wiltu luste + Ane tale wit þe beste? + Þou schalt bere corune + In þis hulke toune. 508 + + Athelbrus so blyþe + eode in to halle swyþe, + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 504 + ant seide, “kyng, nou leste + o tale mid þe beste. + þou shalt bere coroune + to marewe in þis toune. 508 + +[Sidenote: and urges him to knight Horn at the feast the following day.] + + Tomoreȝe is þi feste; + Þ{er} bihoueþ geste. + Hit nere noȝt for loren + For to kniȝti child horn 512 + Þine armes for to welde; + God kniȝt he schal ȝelde.” + + To morwe worþe þi festes; + Me by houed gestes. + Ich þe wolde rede ate lest + Þat þou horn knict makedest. 512 + Þi armes to him welde; + God knict he schal be{n} helde.” + + to marewe is þi feste; + þe bihoueþ geste. + Ich þe rede mid al my myht + þ{a}t þou make horn knyht. 512 + þin armes do him welde; + god knyht he shal þe ȝelde.” + +[Sidenote: The king accedes to the request, and promises that Horn and +his twelve companions shall be knighted.] + + ¶ Þe ki{n}g sede sone, + “Þ{a}t is wel idone. 516 + Horn me wel iq{ue}meþ; + God kniȝt hi{m} bisemeþ. + He schal haue mi dubbing + {And} aft{er}ward mi derling. 520 + + Þe king seyde sone, + “Þat hys wel to done. 516 + Horn me wole ben queme, + To be knict him by seme. + He schal habbe my dubbing + And be my nowne derling. 520 + + þe kyng seide wel sone, + “hit is wel to done. 516 + Horn me wel quemeþ; + knyht him wel bysemeþ. + He shal haue mi dobbyng + {ant} be myn oþer derlyng. 520 + + {And} alle his feren twelf + He schal kniȝten him self. + Alle he schal hem kniȝte + Bifore me þis niȝte.” 524 + + And his feren xij + Ich schal dobbe My selue. + Alle ich hem schal knicte + Bi for me to fyte.” 524 + + {ant} hise feren tuelue + he shal dobbe him selue. + alle y shal hem knyhte + byfore me to fyhte.” 524 + +[Headnote: _Horn is dubbed Knight._] + +[Sidenote: On the morrow, Horn with his twelve companions presents +himself before king Aylmer,] + + Til þe liȝt of day sprang + Ailmar hi{m} þuȝte la{n}g. + Þe day bigan to spri{n}ge, + Horn co{m} biuore þe ki{n}ge, 528 + Mid his twelf yfere; + Sume hi were luþ{er}e. + + Amorwe her þe dey sp{r}onge + ++Aylm{er} king þoute wel lo{n}ge. + Þe day by gan to spri{n}ge, + Horn cam bi forn þe kinge. 528 + Wit swerde horn he girde + Rit hond{er} hys h{er}te. + + al þ{a}t þe lyhte day sprong + aylmere þohte long. + þe day bigon to sp{ri}nge; + horn com byfore þe kynge, 528 + wiþ his tuelf fere; + alle þer ywere. + +[Sidenote: and the king sets him on a red steed and dubs him knight.] + + Horn he dubbede to kniȝte + Wiþ swerd {and} spures briȝte. 532 + He sette him on a stede whit; + Þernas no kniȝt hym ilik. + He smot him alitel wiȝt + {And} bed him beon a god kniȝt. 536 + + He sette him on stede + Red so any glede, 532 + And sette on his fotes + Boþe spores and botes, + And smot alitel with, + And bed him ben god knict. 536 + + Horn knyht made he + wiþ ful gret solempnite, 532 + Sette him on a stede + red so eny glede, + Smot him a lute wiht, + {ant} bed him buen a god knyht. 536 + +[Sidenote: Athulf falls on his knees, and asks that Horn may dub him and +the other companions.] + + ¶ Aþulf fel a knes þar + Biuore þe ki{n}g Aylmar. + “King,” he sede, “so kene, + G{ra}nte me a bene. 540 + Nu is kniȝ[t] sire horn + Þ{a}t i{n} sudde{n}ne was iboren. + + Ayol fel on knes þere + By forn þe king aylm{er}e, + And seyde, “king so kene, + Graunte me my bene. 540 + Þou hast knicted sire horn + Þat i{n} sodenne was hy born. + + Athulf vel a kne þer + {ant} þonkede kyng Aylmer. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 540 + ¶ “Nou is knyht sire horn + þ{a}t in Sudenne wes yborn. + + Lord he is of lo{n}de, + Ou{er} us þ{a}t bi hi{m} stonde. 544 + Þin armes he haþ {and} scheld, + To fiȝte wiþ vpon þe feld. + Let him vs alle kniȝte, + For þ{a}t is vre riȝte.” 548 + + Louerd he hys in londe, + Of vs þat bi him sto{n}de, 544 + Mid spere and wit scelde + To fyte{n} in þe felde. + Let him os alle knicte, + So hyt hys hise ricte.” 548 + + Lord he is of londe + {ant} of vs þat by him stonde. 544 + þin armes he haueþ {ant} þy sheld, + forte fyhte in þe feld. + Let him vs alle knyhte, + so hit is his ryhte.” 548 + Aylmer seide ful ywis, + “nou do þ{a}t þi wille ys.” + +[Sidenote: Horn knights his twelve companions.] + + ¶ Aylmar sede sone ywis, + “Do nu þat þi wille is.” + Horn adun liȝte + {And} makede he{m} alle kniȝtes. 552 + M{ur}ie was þe feste, + Al of faire gestes. + + Þo seyde þe king wel sone wis, + “Do horn as hys wil hys.” + Horn adown ga{n} lycte + And makede hem to knicte. 552 + Comen were þe gestes, + Amorwe was þe feste. + + Horn adoun con lyhte + {ant} made hem alle to knyhte, 552 + [Sidenote: [leaf 86, back]] + for muchel wes þe geste + {ant} more wes þe feste. + +[Headnote: _Rymenhild reminds Horn of his promise._] + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild becomes impatient and sends for Horn.] + + Ac Rymenhild nas noȝt þer, + {And} þ{a}t hire þuȝte seue ȝer. 556 + Aft{er} horn heo sente, + {And} he to bure we{n}te. + + Reymyld was nowt þere, + Hire þoute seue yere. 556 + Aft{er} horn hye sende; + Hor to bour{e} wende. + + þ{a}t rymenild nes nout þere + hire þohte seue ȝere. 556 + efter horn hue sende; + horn in to boure wende. + +[Sidenote: He takes Athulf as companion.] + + Nolde he noȝt go one; + Aþulf was his mone. 560 + Rymenhild on flore stod, + Hornes come hire þuȝte god, + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + He na{m} his felawe i{n} hys honde, + And fonde Reymyld i{n} bour{e} sto{n}de. + + He nolde gon is one; + Athulf wes hys ymone. 560 + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild bids Horn fulfil his share of the compact by +marrying her.] + + And sede, “Welcome, sire horn, + And Aþulf, kniȝt þe biforn. 564 + Kniȝt, nu is þi time + For to sitte bi me. + Do nu þat þu er of spake, + To þi wif þume take. 568 + Ef þu art trewe of dedes, + Do nu ase þu sedes. + Nu þu hast wille þine, + Vnbind me of my pine.” 572 + + “Welcome art þou, sire horn, + And ayol chil þe bi forn. 564 + Knict, nou it his tyme + Þat þo sitte by me. + Yf þou be trewe of dedes, + Do þat þou arr{e} seydes. 568 + Do nou þat we speke, + To wif þou schalt me take.” + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 572 + + ¶ rymenild welcomeþ sire horn, + {ant} aþulf knyht hi{m} biforn. 564 + “knyht, nou is tyme + forto sitte byme. + do nou þ{a}t we spake; + to þi wyf þou me take. 568 + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Nou þou hast wille þyne, + vnbynd me of þis pyne.” 572 + +[Headnote: _Horn proposes first to prove his Knighthood._] + +[Sidenote: Horn replies that it is the custom for a knight to fight for +his leman with some other knight,] + + ¶ “Rymenhild,” quaþ he, “beo stille; + Ihc wulle don al þi wille. + Also hit mot bitide, + Mid sp{er}e ischal furst ride, 576 + {And} mi kniȝthod proue, + Ar ihc þe ginne to woȝe. + + “Reymyld,” qwat horn, “be stille; + Hy schal don al þi wille. + Hat first hyt mote by tyde + Mid spere þat ich ride, 576 + Mi knicthede for to p{ro}ue, + Herst, here ich þe wowe. + + “rymenild, nou be stille, + ichulle don al þy wille. + ah her hit so bitide, + mid spere ichulle ryde 576 + ant my knyhthod proue, + er þen ich þe wowe. + + We beþ kniȝtes ȝo{n}ge, + Of o dai al isp{ru}nge, 580 + And of vre mest{er}e + So is þe man{er}e, + Wiþ sume oþere kniȝte + Wel for his lemman fiȝte, 584 + Or he eni wif take; + For þi me stondeþ þe more rape. + + We beþ kinctes yonge, + Alto day hy spronge; 580 + Of þe mestere + Hyt hys þe man{er}e, + Wyt som oþer knicte + For hys lema{n} to fycte, 584 + Her ich eny wif take. + Þer fore ne haue ich þe forsake. + + we bueþ nou knyhtes ȝonge, + alle to day yspronge, 580 + ant of þe mestere + hit is þe manere, + wiþ sum oþer knyhte + for his lemmon to fyþte, 584 + er ne he eny wyf take + oþer wyþ wymmon forewart make. + +[Sidenote: and promises that after he has accomplished an act of +prowess, he will make her his wife.] + + Today, so crist me blesse, + Ihc wulle do pruesse 588 + For þi luue in þe felde, + Mid spere {and} mid schelde. + If ihc come te lyue, + Ihc schal þe take to wyue.” 592 + ¶ “Kniȝt,” quaþ heo, “trewe, + Ihc wene ihc mai þe leue. + + To day, so god me blisse, + Ich sal do pruesce, 588 + For þe lef wyt schelde, + In mideward þe felde. + And hy come to liue + Ich take þe wiue.” 592 + “Knict,” qwat reymyl, þe trewe, + “Yich wene ich may þe leue. + + to day, so c{ri}st me blesse, + y shal do pruesse, 588 + for þi loue mid shelde + amiddewart þe felde. + ȝef ich come to lyue + ychul þe take to wyue.” 592 + “knyht, y may yleue þe, + why aut þou trewe be. + +[Headnote: _Rymenhild gives Horn a Ring._] + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild gives Horn a ring, which she bids him wear for her +love,] + + Tak nu her þis gold ring, + God him is þe dubbing. 596 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Þer is vpon þe ringe + Ig{ra}ue, ‘Rymenhild þe ȝonge.’ 600 + Þer nis no{n} bet{er}e anonder su{n}ne, + Þ{a}t eni man of telle cu{n}ne. + For my luue þu hit were, + {And} on þi fing{er} þu him bere. 604 + + Haue nou here þis gold ring, + He his god to þi dobbing. 596 + Ne hys none swilk vnder so{n}ne, + Þat man may offe konne. + Hy g{ra}ue hys on þe Ringe, + ‘Rymyld þi lef þe yenge’; 600 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + ¶ Haue her þis goldring; + hit is ful god to þi dobbyng. 596 + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + yg{ra}ued is on þe rynge, + ‘rymenild þy luef þe ȝynge.’ 600 + nis non betere vnder sonne + þ{a}t enymon of conne. + For mi loue þou hit were, + {ant} on þy fynger þou hit bere. 604 + +[Sidenote: and which will protect him if he will look on it and think of +her.] + + Þe stones beoþ of suche g{ra}ce, + Þ{a}t þu ne schalt in none place + Of none du{n}tes beon ofdrad, + Ne on bataille beon amad, 608 + Ef þu loke þ{er}an + {And} þe{n}ke vpo{n} þi le{m}man. + ¶ And sire Aþulf, þi broþer, + He schal haue anoþer. 612 + + Þe ston him hys of swiche g{ra}ce, + Þat þou ne schal i{n} none place + Of none do{n}te fayle, + Þer þou bigi{n}nes batayle. 608 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + And sire ayol, þi broþer, + He sal haue anoþer. 612 + + þe ston haueþ suche g{ra}ce, + ne shalt þou in none place + deþ vnderfonge, + ne buen yslaye wiþ wronge, 608 + ȝef þou lokest þeran + {ant} þenchest o þi lemman. + ant sire aþulf, þi broþer, + he shal han en oþer. 612 + +[Sidenote: She then mournfully prays for Christ’s blessing on Horn’s +undertaking.] + + Horn, ihc þe biseche + Wiþ loueliche speche, + Crist ȝeue god erndinge, + Þe aȝen to bringe.” 616 + ¶ Þe kniȝt hire gan kesse, + {And} heo hi{m} to blesse. + + Horn, god hy þe bi teche, + Wit morninde speche. + God þe ȝyeue god endynge, + An hol þe aȝen bringe.” 616 + Þe knict hyre gan to kusse, + And reymyld him blisse. + + Horn, c{ri}st y þe byteche, + mid mourninde speche. + c{ri}st þe ȝeue god endyng, + {ant} sound aȝeyn þe brynge.” 616 + þe knyht hire gan to cusse, + {ant} rymenild him to blesse. + +[Sidenote: Horn takes leave, arms himself, mounts his black steed, and +sets out in search of adventure.] + + Leue at hire he nam + {And} i{n} to halle cam. 620 + Þe kniȝtes ȝeden to table, + {And} horne ȝede to stable. + Þar he tok his gode fole, + Also blak so eny cole. 624 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + Leue at hire he nom, + And in to halle com. 620 + Þe knictes ȝyede to table, + And horn i{n} to stable. + He tok forþ his gode fole, + So blac so eny cole. 624 + In armes he him schredde, + And hys fole he fedde. + + leue at hyre he nom, + {ant} in to halle he com. 620 + knyhtes eode to table, + {ant} horn eode to stable, + þer he toc his gode fole, + blac so euer eny cole. 624 + wiþ armes he him sredde, + ant is fole he fedde. + + Þe fole schok þe brunie, + Þ{a}t al þe curt gan denie. 628 + Þe fole bigan to springe, + {And} horn murie to singe. + Horn rod in a while + More þan a myle. 632 + + Hys fole schok hys brenye, + Þat al þe court gan denye. 628 + Hys fole gan forþ sp{r}inge, + And horn merie to synge. + He rod one wile + Wel more þan a mile. 632 + + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 628 + þe fole bigon to springe + {ant} horn murie to synge. + Horn rod one whyle + wel more þen a myle. 632 + +[Headnote: _Horn meets some Saracen invaders._] + +[Sidenote: He finds at the seashore a ship filled with Saracens, and +asks their purpose.] + + He fond o schup stonde + Wiþ heþene honde. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 636 + He axede what hi soȝte, + Oþ{er} to londe broȝte. + ¶ An hu{n}d him gan bihelde + Þ{a}t spac wordes belde, 640 + “Þis lond we wulleȝ wynne, + {And} sle þ{a}t þ{er} is inne.” + + He sey a schip rowe, + Mid wat alby flowe, + Of out londisse ma{n}ne, + Of sarazine kenne. 636 + Hem askede qwat he hadde, + Oþer to londe ladde. + A geant him gan by holde, + And spek wordes bolde. 640 + “Þis lond we wile winne, + And slen al þat þer ben hi{n}ne.” + + he seh a shyp at grounde, + wiþ heþene hounde. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 636 + He askede wet hue hadden, + oþer to londe ladden. + an hound him gan biholde, + {ant} spek wordes bolde. 640 + “þis land we wolleþ wynne, + {ant} sle þ{a}t þer bueþ inne.” + +[Sidenote: Horn slays the Saracen leader, and then, after] + + Horn gan his swerd g{ri}pe + {And} on his arme wype. 644 + Þe sarazins he smatte, + Þat his blod hatte. + At eureche dunte + Þe heued of wente. 648 + Þo gu{n}ne þe hu{n}des gone, + Abute horn al one. + + Horn gan hys swerd gripe, + And on his arm hyt wipe. 644 + Þe sarazin so he smot, + Þat al hys blod was hot. + At þe furste dunte + Hys heued of gan wente. 648 + Þo go{n}ne{n} þo hundes gon + Aȝenes horn alon. + + Horn gan is swerd g{ri}pe, + ant on is arm hit wype. 644 + þe sarazy{n} he hitte so, + þ{a}t is hed fel to ys to. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + þo gonne þe houndes gone + aȝeynes horn ys one. + +[Headnote: _Horn bears the leader’s head before the king._] + +[Sidenote: looking on his ring, slays a hundred more.] + + He lokede on þe ringe, + {And} þoȝte on rimenilde. 652 + He sloȝ þer on haste + On hundred bi þe laste. + Ne miȝte noman telle + Þ{a}t folc þ{a}t he gan quelle. 656 + Of alle þ{a}t were aliue + Ne miȝte þer non þriue. + + He lokede on his gode ringe, + And þoute on reymild þe yenge. 652 + He slow þer on haste + An hundred at þe leste. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 656 + Of þat þe were aryue, + Fewe he leued on liue. + + [Sidenote: [leaf 87]] + He Lokede on is rynge, + ant þohte o rymenyld þe ȝynge. 652 + he sloh þer of þe beste + an houndred at þe leste. + ne mihte no mon telle + alle þ{a}t he gon quelle. 656 + of þ{a}t þer were o ryue + he lafte lut o lyue. + +[Sidenote: Horn fixes the leader’s head on the point of his sword, and +bears it before the king.] + + Horn tok þe maist{er}es heued, + Þ{a}t he hadde him bireued, 660 + And sette hit on his swerde, + Anouen at þan orde. + He verde hom in to halle, + Among þe kniȝtes alle. 664 + + Þe meyst{er} kinges heued + He haddit him by reued. 660 + He settit on hys swerde, + Anoven on þe horde, + Til he com to halle, + Among þe knictes alle. 664 + + ¶ Horn tok þe maister heued, + þat he hi{m} hade byreued, 660 + ant sette on is suerde, + abouen o þen orde. + he ferde hom to halle, + among þe knyhtes alle, 664 + +[Headnote: _Horn relates his adventure._] + +[Sidenote: Horn relates his adventure.] + + “Kyng,” he sede, “wel þu sitte, + And alle þine kniȝtes mitte. + To day, after mi dubbing, + So irod on mi pleing, 668 + I fond o schup Rowe, + Þo hit gan to flowe, + Al wiþ sarazines kyn, + And none londisse Men. 672 + To dai, for to pine + Þe {and} alle þine. + + He seyde, “king, wel mote þou sitte, + An þine knictes mitte. + Þer y rod on my pleying, + Sone haft{er} my dobbing, 668 + Y say a schip rowe + Mid wat{er}e al by flowe, + Of none londische me{n}ne, + Bote sarazines ke{n}ne, 672 + To deye, for to pyne + Þe and alle þine. + + “Kyng,” quoþ he, “wel þou sitte, + {ant} þine knyhtes mitte. + to day ich rod o my pleyyng, + after my dobbyng, 668 + y fond a ship rowen, + in þe sound byflowen, + Mid vnlondisshe menne, + of sarazynes kenne, 672 + to deþe forte pyne + þe {ant} alle þyne. + + Hi gonne me assaille. + Mi swerd me nolde faille; 676 + I smot he{m} alle to grunde, + Oþer ȝaf he{m} diþes wunde. + Þ{a}t heued iþe bri{n}ge + Of þe maist{er} ki{n}ge. 680 + Nu is þi wile iȝolde, + King, þat þu me kniȝti woldest.” + + He go{n}ne{n} me asaylen. + My swerd me ne wolde fayle; 676 + Ich broute he{m} alto grunde + In one lite stounde. + Þe heued ich þe bringe + Of þe meyst{er} kinge. 680 + Nou ich haue þe yolde, + Þat þu me knicte{n} wolde.” + + hy gonne me asayly. + swerd me nolde fayly; 676 + y smot hem alle to grounde + in a lutel stounde. + þe heued ich þe bringe + of þe maister kynge. 680 + nou haue ich þe ȝolde + þat þou me knyhten woldest.” + +[Sidenote: King Aylmar goes hunting.] + + ++A Moreȝe þo þe day gan sp{ri}nge, + Þe king him rod an hu{n}tinge. 684 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + At hom lefte ffikenhild, + Þat was þe wurste moder child. 688 + Heo ferde in to bure, + To sen aue{n}t{ur}e. + + ++Þe day bi gan to sp{r}inge, + Þe king rod on hunti{n}gg{e}. 684 + To wode he gan wende, + For to lacchen þe heynde. + Wyt hym rod fokenild, + Þat alþe werste mod{er} child. 688 + And horn we{n}te in to boure, + To sen auenture. + + þe day bigon to sp{ri}nge, + þe kyng rod on hontynge 684 + to þe wode wyde, + ant Fykenyld bi is syde, + þat fals wes ant vntrewe, + whose him wel yknewe. 688 + ¶ Horn ne þohte nout him on, + ant to boure wes ygon. + +[Sidenote: Horn proceeds to Rymenhild’s bower, and finds her weeping.] + + Heo saȝ Rymenild sitte + Also he were of witte. 692 + Heo sat on þe sunne, + Wiþ tieres al biru{n}ne. + Horn sede, “lef þinore, + Wi wepestu so sore?” 696 + + He fond Reymild sitte{n}de, + Sore wepende, 692 + Whit so eny sonne, + Wit teres albi ronne. + He seyde, “le{m}man, þin ore, + Wy wepes þou so sore?” 696 + + he fond rymenild sittynde + {ant} wel sore wepynde, 692 + so whyt so þe sonne, + mid terres al byronne. + Horn seide, “luef, þyn ore, + why wepest þou so sore?” 696 + +[Headnote: _Rymenhild tells Horn her Dream._] + +[Sidenote: She tells him her dream, how a great fish broke her net.] + + Heo sede, “noȝt ine wepe; + Bute ase ilay aslepe, + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + To þe se my net icaste, + {And} hit nolde noȝt ilaste. + + Hye seyde, “ich nawt ne wepe, + Bote ich schal her ich slepe. + Me þoute in my metynge, + Þat ich rod on fischinge. 700 + To se my net ich keste; + Ne Mict ich nowt lache. + + Hue seide, “ich nout ne wepe, + ah y shal er y slepe. + me þohte o my metyng, + þat ich rod ofysshyng. 700 + to see my net ycaste, + ant wel fer hit laste. + + A gret fiss at þe furste, + Mi net he gan to berste. 704 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Ihc wene þ{a}t ihc schal leose + Þe fiss þat ihc wolde cheose.” 708 + + A gret fys ate furste + Mi net he makede berste. 704 + Þe fys me so by laucte, + Þat ich nawt ne kaucte. + Ich wene ich schal forlese + Þe fys þat ich wolde chese.” 708 + + a gret fyssħ at þe ferste + my net made berste. 704 + þ{a}t fyssħ me so bycahte, + þ{a}t y nout ne lahte. + y wene y shal forleose + þe fyssħ þ{a}t y wolde cheose.” 708 + +[Sidenote: Horn comforts her.] + + ¶ “Crist,” q{ua}þ horn, “{and} seint steuene, + Turne þine sweuene. + Ne schal iþe biswike, + Ne do þ{a}t þe mislike. 712 + + “God and seynte steuene,” + Qwad horn, “terne þi sweuene. + Ne shal ich neu{er}e swike, + Ne do þat þe mis like. 712 + + ¶ “C{ri}st {ant} seinte steuene,” + quoþ horn, “areche þy sweuene. + no shal y þe byswyke, + ne do þat þe mis lyke. 712 + +[Sidenote: Horn plights his troth to Rymenhild, but both weep and +forebode evil from the dream.] + + I schal me make þinowe, + To holden {and} to knowe, + For eurech oþ{er}e wiȝte; + {And} þarto mi treuþe iþe pliȝte.” 716 + Muchel was þe ruþe + Þ{a}t was at þare truþe, + For Rymenhild weop ille, + {And} horn let þe tires stille. 720 + + Ich nime þe to my nowe, + To habben and to howe, + For euerich wyȝte; + Þarto my treuwþe ich plicte.” 716 + Miche was þat rewþe + Þat was at here trewþe. + Reymyld wel stille, + And horn let teres spille. 720 + + ich take þe myn owe, + to holde {ant} eke to knowe, + for eueruch oþer wyhte; + þerto my trouþe y plyhte.” 716 + wel muche was þe reuþe + þ{a}t wes at þilke treuþe. + rymenild wep wel ylle, + ant horn let terres stille. 720 + + “Le{m}ma{n},” q{ua}þ he, “dere, + Þu schalt more ihere. + Þi sweuen schal wende, + Oþer sum Man schal vs schende. 724 + Þe fiss þ{a}t brak þe lyne, + Ywis he doþ us pine. + Þ{a}t schal don vs tene + {And} wurþ wel sone isene.” 728 + + He seyde, “le{m}ma{n} dere, + Þou schalt more here. + Þy sweuene ich schal schende. 724 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . . . . . . .] + Þe fis þat brac þi seyne, + Hy wis hyt was som ble[y]ne + Þat schal us do som tene; + Hy wis hyt worþ hy sene.” 728 + + “Lemmon,” quoþ he, “dere, + þou shalt more yhere. + þy sweuen shal wende; + summon vs wole shende. 724 + þat fyssħ þ{a}t brac þy net, + ywis it is sumwet + þ{a}t wol vs do sum teone; + ywys hit worþ ysene.” 728 + +[Headnote: _Fykenhild calumniates Horn._] + +[Sidenote: Fykenhild tells the king that Horn is plotting to kill him +and to marry Rymenhild.] + + ¶ Aylmar rod bi sture, + {And} horn lai i{n} bure. + Fykenhild hadde enuye + {And} sede þes folye:-- 732 + “Aylmar, ihc þe warne, + Horn þe wule berne. + Ihc herde whar he sede, + {And} his swerd forþ leide, 736 + To bringe þe of lyue, + And take Rymenhild to wyue. + + Þe king rod bi his toure, + And horn was in þe boure. + Fykenyld hadde envie, + An seyde hise folye:-- 732 + “Aylm{er}e, king, ich wole warne, + Horn chil þe wile berne. + Ich herde qware he seyde, + And his swerd leyde, 736 + To bringe þe of liue, + And take rimenyld to wiue. + + ¶ Aylmer rod by stoure, + ant horn wes yne boure. + Fykenild hade enuye + {ant} seyde þeose folye:-- 732 + “Aylmer, ich þe werne, + horn þe wole forberne. + Ich herde wher he seyde, + ant his suerd he leyde, 736 + to brynge þe of lyue + ant take rymenyld to wyue. + + He liþ in bure, + Vnder cou{er}ture, 740 + By Ryme{n}hild, þi doȝt{er}; + {And} so he doþ wel ofte. + And þider þu go al riȝt; + Þer þu him finde miȝt. 744 + + Nou he hys in boure, + Al hond{er} cou{er}ture, 740 + By reymyld, þi dout{er}; + And so he hys wel oft{er}. + Ich rede þat þu wende; + Þer þu myct him schende. 744 + + [Sidenote: [leaf 87, back]] + He Lyht nou in Boure, + vnder couertoure, 740 + by rymenyld, þy dohter; + ant so he doþ wel ofte. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + Þu do him vt of londe, + Oþ{er} he doþ þe schonde.” + ¶ Aylmar aȝen gan turne, + Wel Modi {and} wel Murne. 748 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + Do him out of þi londe, + Her do more schonde.” + Aylm{er} king him gan torne, + Vel mody and wel Mourne. 748 + To bour{e} he gan ȝerne, + Durst hym noma{n} werne. + + do him out of londe, + er he do more shonde.” + ¶ Aylmer gan hom turne, + wel mody {ant} wel sturne. 748 + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Headnote: _King Aylmar banishes Horn._] + +[Sidenote: Aylmar finds Horn in Rymenhild’s embrace, and bids him leave +the land at once.] + + He fond horn in arme, + On Ryme{n}hilde barme. 752 + “Awei vt,” he sede, “fule þeof, + Ne wurstu me neuremore leof. + Wend vt of my bure, + Wiþ muchel messauent{ur}e. 756 + + He fond horn wit arme, + In rimenyldes barme. 752 + “He{n}ne out,” qwad aylm{er} king, + “Henne, þou foule wendling, + Out of boure flore, + Fram Reymyld, þi hore. 756 + + he fond horn vnder arme, + in rymenyldes barme. 752 + “go out,” quoþ aylmer, þe kyng, + “Horn, þou foule fundlyng. + forþ out of boures flore, + for rymenild, þin hore. 756 + + Wel sone bute þu flitte, + Wiþ swerde ihc þe anhitte. + Wend ut of my londe, + Oþ{er} þu schalt haue schonde.” 760 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + Sone bote þe flecte, + Wit swerd hy wole þe hette. + Hout of londe sone, + Here hauest þou nowt to done.” 760 + Horn cam i{n} to stable, + Wel modi for þe fable. + + wend out of londe sone; 759 + her nast þou nout to done. 760 + wel sone bote þou flette, 757 + myd suert y shal þe sette.” 758 + Horn eode to stable, + wel modi for þat fable. + + [Transcriber’s Note: + Here and in next section, lines rearranged by editor.] + +[Sidenote: Horn saddles his horse, arms himself, and then visits +Rymenhild.] + + ¶ Horn sadelede his stede, + {And} his armes he gan sprede. 764 + His brunie he gan lace, + So he scholde, in to place. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + His swerd he gan fonge; + Nabod he noȝt to longe. + + He sette sadel on stede, + With armes he hym gan schrede. 764 + Hys brenye he gan lace, + So he scholde, i{n} to place. + Þo hyt þer to gan ten, + Ne durst hi{m} noma{n} sen. 768 + Swerd he gan fonge; + Ne stod he nowt to lo{n}ge, + + he sette sadel on stede, + wiþ armes he gon him shrede. + his brunie he con lace, + so he shulde, in to place. 766 + his suerd he gon fonge; 769 + ne stod he nout to longe. 770 + to is suerd he gon teon; 767 + ne durste non wel him seon. 768 + +[Headnote: _Horn takes leave of Rymenhild._] + +[Sidenote: He tells her that her dream has come true,] + + He ȝede forþ bliue + To Ryme{n}hild his wyue. 772 + He sede, “le{m}man, derling, + Nu hauestu þi sweuening. + Þe fiss þ{a}t þi net rente, + Fram þe he me sente. 776 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + And ȝyede forþ ricte + To reymyld þe bricte. 772 + He seyde, “leman, de{r}ling, + Now hauestu þi meting. + Þe fys þi net to rente, + Fram þe he me sente. 776 + Þe king gynneþ wiht me st{r}iue; + Awey he wole me driue. + + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + He seide, “lemmon, derlyng, + nou þou hauest þy sweuenyng. + þe fyssħ þ{a}t þyn net rende, + from þe me he sende. 776 + þe kyng wiþ me gynneþ st{ri}ue; + a wey he wole me dryue. + +[Sidenote: that he is going to an unknown country for seven years.] + + Rymenhild, haue wel godne day, + No leng abiden ine may. 780 + In to vncuþe londe, + Wel more for to fonde. + I schal wune þere + Fulle seue ȝere. 784 + + Reymyld, haue god day, + For nov ich founde awey, 780 + In to onekuþ londe, + Wel more forto fonde. + Ich schal wony þere + Fulle seve ȝere. 784 + + þare fore haue nou godneday; + nou y mot fonnde {ant} fare away 780 + In to vncouþe londe, + wel more forte fonde. + y shal wonie þere + fulle seue ȝere. 784 + +[Sidenote: He bids her not to await him longer than seven years.] + + At seue ȝeres ende, + Ȝef ine come ne sende, + Tak þe husebo{n}de, + ffor me þu ne wo{n}de. 788 + In armes þu me fonge, + {And} kes me wel longe.” + + Ate vij ȝeres hende, + Bot ȝyf hy come oþer sende, + Tac þou hosebonde, + For me þat þou wonde. 788 + I armes þou me fonge, + An kusse swiþe longe.” + + at þe seueȝeres ende, + ȝyf y ne come ne sende, + tac þou hosebonde, + for me þ{a}t þou no wonde. 788 + In armes þou me fonge, + ant cus me swyþe longe.” + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild faints.] + + He custe him wel a stunde, + {And} Rymenhild feol to grunde. 792 + Horn tok his leue; + Ne miȝte he no le{n}g bileue. + He tok Aþulf, his fere, + Al abute þe swere, 796 + + He kusten one stunde, + And reymyld fel to gru{n}de. 792 + Horn tok his leue, + For hyt was ney heue. + He nam ayol, trewe fere, + Al aboute þe swete, 796 + + hy custen hem a stounde, + {ant} rymenyld fel to grounde. 792 + ¶ Horn toc his leue; + he myhte nout byleue. + He toc Aþulf, is fere, + aboute þe swere, 796 + +[Sidenote: Horn entrusts his ‘new love’ to Athulf.] + + {And} sede, “kniȝt so trewe, + Kep wel mi luue newe. + Þu neure me ne forsoke, + Rymenhild þu kep and loke.” 800 + His stede he gan bist{ri}de, + {And} forþ he ga{n} ride. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 804 + + And seyt, “knict so trewe, + Kep Mi leue wiue. + So þou me neu{er}e forsoke, + Reymyl kep and loke.” 800 + ++Horn gan stede by stride, + And forþ he gan ride. + Ayol wep wit heye, + And alle þat hym seye. 804 + + ant seide, “knyht so trewe, + kep wel loue newe. + þou neuer ne forsoke + rymenild to kepe ant loke.” 800 + his stede he bigan stryde, + ant forþ he con hym ryde. + Aþulf wep wiþ eyȝen, + ant alle þat hit yseyȝen. 804 + +[Headnote: _Horn sets sail from West[er]nesse._] + +[Sidenote: He sets sail.] + + To þe hauene he ferde, + {And} a god schup he hurede, + Þ{a}t hi{m} scholde lo{n}de + In westene lo{n}de. 808 + ¶ Aþulf weop wiþ iȝe, + {And} al þ{a}t hi{m} isiȝe. + + Horn chil forþ hym ferde; + A god schip he him herde, + Þat hym scholde wisse + Out of westnisse. 808 + Þe whyȝt him gan sto{n}de, + And drof tyl hirelonde. + + Horn forþ him ferde; + a god ship he him herde, + Þat him shulde passe + out of westnesse. 808 + Þe wynd bigon to stonde, + ant drof hem vp o londe. + +[Sidenote: Horn reaches land.] + + To lo{n}d he hi{m} sette, + {And} fot o{n} stirop sette. 812 + + To londe he gan flette, + And out of schip him sette. 812 + + to londe þat hy fletten; + fot out of ship hy setten. 812 + +[Headnote: _Horn is received by Harild and Berild._] + +[Sidenote: He meets two princes, Harild and Berild.] + + He fo{n}d bi þe weie, + Kynges sones tweie; + Þ{a}t on hi{m} het harild, + {And} þ{a}t oþ{er} berild. 816 + Berild gan him preie + Þ{a}t he scholde him seie + What his name were, + {And} what he wolde þere. 820 + + He mette by þe weye, + Kingges sones tweye; + Þat on was hoten ayld, + And þat oþer byrild. 816 + Byrild him gan preye + Þat he scholde seye + Wat hys name were, + And qwat he wolde þere. 820 + + he fond bi þe weye, + kynges sones tueye; + Þ{a}t on wes hoten Aþyld, + ant þ{a}t oþer beryld. 816 + beryld hym con preye + þat he shulde seye + what he wolde þere, + ant what ys nome were. 820 + +[Sidenote: He gives his name as Cutberd (Godmod),] + + “Cutberd,” he sede, “ihc hote, + Icome{n} vt of þe bote, + Wel feor fram biweste, + To seche mine beste.” 824 + Berild gan him nier ride, + {And} tok him bi þe bridel. + “Wel beo þu, kniȝt, ifounde; + Wiþ me þu lef a stunde. 828 + + “Cuberd,” he seyde, “ich hote, + Come{n} fram þe bote, + Fer fram bi weste, + To chesen mine beste.” 824 + Byryld him gan ryde, + And tok hym by þe b{r}idel. + “Wel be þou, knict, her{e} founde; + Whyt me bileuest a stounde. 828 + + ¶ “Godmod,” he seid, “ich hote, + ycomen out of þis bote, + wel fer from by weste, + to seche myne beste.” 824 + beryld con ner him ryde, + ant toc hi{m} bi þe bridel. + “wel be þou, knyht, yfounde; + wiþ me þou lef a stounde. 828 + +[Sidenote: and is conducted by the princes before the king.] + + Also mote i st{er}ue, + Þe ki{n}g þu schalt s{er}ue. + Ne saȝ i neure my lyue + So fair kniȝt aryue.” 832 + Cutb{er}d heo ladde in to halle, + {And} he a kne gan falle. + + So ich ne mote st{er}ue, + Þe kyng þou schal s{er}ue. + Ne sey ich neu{er}e on lyue + So fayr knyt aryue.” 832 + Cub{er}t he ledde to halle, + And adoun gan falle. + + also ich mote sterue, + þe kyng þou shalt serue. + ne seh y neuer a lyue + so feir knyht her aryue.” 832 + godmod he ladde to halle, + ant he adoun gan falle, + +[Sidenote: Cutberd greets the king.] + + He sette him a knewelyng, + And grette wel þe gode kyng. 836 + + He sette hym on knewlyng, + And grette wel þe gode king. 836 + + [Sidenote: [leaf 88]] + Ant sette him a knelyng, + ant grette þene gode kyng. 836 + +[Sidenote: Berild asks that he be taken into the king’s service.] + + Þa{n}ne sede Berild sone, + “Sire king, of him þu hast to done. + Bitak him þi lond to werie; + Ne schat hit noman derie, 840 + For he is þe faireste man + Þ{a}t eureȝut on þi londe cam.” + + Þo seyde byrild wel sone, + “Whit hym haue{n} to done. + Tak hym þi lond to werye; + Ne schal hym noma{n} derye. 840 + He hys þe fayreste man + Þat eu{er}e in þis londe cam.” + + þo saide beryld wel sone, + “kyng, wiþ him þou ast done. + þi lond tac hi{m} to werie; + ne shal þe nomon derye, 840 + for he is þe feyreste man + þat euer in þis londe cam.” + +[Headnote: _Horn enters the service of the king._] + +[Sidenote: The king welcomes Cutberd.] + + ¶ Þa{n}ne sede þe ki{n}g so dere, + “Welcome beo þu here. 844 + Go nu, Berild, swiþe, + {And} make him ful bliþe. + And whan þu farst to woȝe, + Tak him þine gloue. 848 + Ime{n}t þu hauest to wyue, + Awai he schal þe dryue; + For Cutberdes fairhede + Ne schal þe neure wel spede.” 852 + + Þo seyde þe king so dere, + “Wel come be he here. 844 + Go nov, byryld, swyþe, + An mak him glad and blyþe. + Wan þou farest awowen, + Tak hym þine glouen. 848 + Þer þou hauest Mynt to wyue, + Awey he schal þe dryue.” + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + ¶ þo seide þe kyng wel dere, + “welcome þe þou here. 844 + go, beryld, wel swyþe, + {ant} make hy{m} wel blyþe, + ant when þou farest to wowen, + tac him þine glouen. 848 + þer þou hast munt to wyue, + a wey he shal þe dryue; + for godmodes feyrhede + shalt þou no wer spede.” 852 + +[Sidenote: At the Christmas feast a giant appears.] + + ++HIt was at Cristesmasse, + Neiþer more ne lasse, + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + Hyt was at C{r}istesmesse, + Naþer more ne lesse. + Þe king hym makede a feste, + Wyt hyse knyctes beste. 856 + + hit wes at c{ri}stesmasse, + nouþer more ne lasse. + þe kyng made feste, + of his knyhtes beste. 856 + +[Headnote: _The giant’s challenge._] + +[Sidenote: The giant proclaims a challenge.] + + Þ{er} cam in at none, + A Geau{n}t suþe sone, + Iarmed fram paynyme, + And seide þes ryme:-- 860 + “Site stille, sire kyng, + {And} herkne þis tyþyng. + Her buþ pae{n}s ariued, + Wel mo þane fiue. 864 + Her beoþ on þe so{n}de, + Ki{n}g, vpon þi londe. + + Þer com ate none, + A geaunt swiþe sone, + Armed of paynime, + And seyde i{n} hys rime, 860 + “Syte, knytes, by þe king, + And lusteþ to my tydyng. + Her{e} beþ paynyms aryued, + Wel mo þa{n}ne fyue. 864 + By þe se stronde, + Kyng, on þine lo{n}de. + + þer com in at none, + a geaunt suyþe sone, + y-armed of paynyme, + ant seide þise ryme:-- 860 + “Site, kyng, bi kynge, + ant herkne my tidynge + her bueþ paynes aryue, + wel more þen fyue. 864 + her beþ vpon honde, + kyng, in þine londe. + +[Sidenote: One pagan will fight any three in the land,] + + On of he{m} wile fiȝte + Aȝe{n} þre kniȝtes. 868 + + One þer of wille ich fyȝte + Aȝen þi þre knyctes. 868 + + on þer of wol fyhte + to ȝeynes þre knyhtes. 868 + +[Sidenote: the combat to determine who shall possess the land.] + + Ȝef oþ{er} þre slen vre, + Al þis lond beo ȝoure; + Ȝef vre on ouercomeþ ȝour þreo, + Al þis lo{n}d schal vre beo. 872 + Tomoreȝe be þe fiȝti{n}ge, + Whan þe liȝt of daye sp{ri}nge.” + + Ȝyf þat hour{e} felle þyne þre, + Al þis lond schal vre be; + Ȝyf þyne þre fellen houre, + Al þys lond þa{n}ne be ȝyure. 872 + To morwe schal be þe fyȝtyng, + At þe so{n}ne op rysyng.” + + ȝef oure þre sleh oure on, + we shulen of ore londe gon; + ȝef vre on sleh oure þre, + al þis lond shal vre be. 872 + to morewe shal be þe fyhtynge, + at þe sonne vpsp{ri}nge.” + +[Headnote: _Horn, Berild and Alrid accept it._] + +[Sidenote: King Thurston names Cutberd (Godmod), Harild and Berild as +the three defenders.] + + ¶ Þa{n}ne sede þe kyng þurston, + “Cutb{er}d schal beo þ{a}t on; 876 + Berild schal beo þ{a}t oþer; + Þe þridde, Alrid, his broþer. + For hi beoþ þe strengeste, + {And} of armes þe beste. 880 + Bute what schal vs to rede? + Ihc wene we beþ alle dede.” + + Þo seyde þe king þurston, + “Cubert he schal be þat on, 876 + Ayld chyld þat oþer, + Þe þrydde, byryld, hyse broþer. + Hye þre beþ þe strengeste, + And ín armes þe beste. 880 + At wat schal do to rede? + Ich wene we ben alle dede.” + + ¶ þo seyde þe kyng þurston, + “godmod shal be þat on; 876 + beryld shal be þat oþer; + þe þridde, Aþyld, is broþer. + for hue bueþ strongeste, + ant in armes þe beste. 880 + ah, wat shal vs to rede? + y wene we bueþ dede.” + + ¶ Cutberd sat at borde, + And sede þes wordes:-- 884 + + Cubert set on borde, + And seyde þis worde:-- 884 + + Godmod set at borde, + ant seide þeose wordes:-- 884 + +[Sidenote: Cutberd says that it were shame for three Christians to fight +against one pagan, and offers to fight alone.] + + “Sire ki{n}g, hit nis no riȝte, + On wiþ þ{re} to fiȝte; + Aȝe{n} one hu{n}de, + Þre c{ri}ste{n} me{n} to fonde. 888 + Sire, ischal al one, + Wiþute more ymone, + Wiþ mi swerd wel eþe + Bringe hem þre to deþe.” 892 + + “Syre kyȝeking, hyt no ryȝcte, + On wiþ þre to fyȝcte. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 888 + At wille ich alone, + With oute{n} ma{n}nes mone, + Mid my swerd wel heþe + Bringe{n} hem alle to deþe.” 892 + + “sire kyng, nis no ryhte, + on wiþ þre fyhte, + aȝeynes one hounde, + þre c{ri}stene to founde. 888 + ah, kyng, y shal alone, + wiþ-oute more ymone, + wip my suerd ful eþe + bringen he{m} alle to deþe.” 892 + +[Headnote: _Preparations for the combat._] + +[Sidenote: He arms himself,] + + ¶ Þe kyng aros amoreȝe, + Þ{a}t hadde muchel sorȝe; + {And} Cutb{er}d ros of bedde, + Wiþ armes he him schredde. 896 + Horn his brunie gan on caste, + {And} lacede hit wel faste, + + Þe kyng ros a morwe, + And hadde meche sorwe. + Cubert ros of bedde; + Wyt armes he hym schredde. 896 + Hys brenye on he caste, + Lacede hyt wel faste. + + þe kyng aros amorewe; + he hade muche sorewe. + godmod ros of bedde; + wiþ armes he him shredde. 896 + his brunye he on caste, + {ant} knutte hit wel faste, + +[Sidenote: visits the king,] + + {And} ca{m} to þe ki{n}ge, + At his vp risinge. 900 + “Ki{n}g,” he sede, “cu{m} to fel[de], + For to bihelde + Hu we fiȝte schulle, + {And} togare go wulle.” 904 + + He cam biforn þe godeking, + At hyse op rysyng. 900 + He seyde, “king, com to felde, + Me for to by helde, + Hou we scholen fyȝte + And to gydere hus dyȝcte.” 904 + + ant com hi{m} to þe kynge, + at his vp rysynge. 900 + “kyng,” quoþ he, “com to felde, + me forte byhelde, + hou we shule flyten + ant to gedere smiten.” 904 + +[Sidenote: and with him rides to the combat.] + + Riȝt at p{ri}me tide, + Hi gu{n}ne{n} ut ride, + And fu{n}de{n} on a g{re}ne, + A geau{n}t suþe kene, 908 + His fere{n} hi{m} biside, + Hore deþ to abide. + + Ryȝt at p{r}ime tyde, + He go{n}ne hem out ryde. + He founden in a grene, + A geant swyþe kene, 908 + Armed with swerd by side, + Þe day for to abyde. + + ¶ riht at p{ri}me tide, + hy gonnen out to ryde. + hy fonnden in a grene, + a geaunt swyþe kene, 908 + his feren hi{m} biside, + þat day forto abyde. + +[Headnote: _The fight begins._] + +[Sidenote: Cutberd strikes so hard, that the giant asks for a breathing +spell,] + + ¶ Þeilke bataille + Cutberd gan assaille. 912 + He ȝaf de{n}tes inoȝe; + Þe kniȝtes felle iswoȝe. + His dent he gan wiþdraȝe, + For hi were neȝ aslaȝe. 916 + + Cubert him gan asayle; + Wolde he nawt fayle. 912 + He keyte duntes ynowe; + Þe geant fel hy swowe. + Hys feren go{n}ne{n} hem wyt d{ra}we, + Þo here mayst{er} wa slawe. 916 + + Godmod hem gon asaylen; + nolde he nout faylen. 912 + [Sidenote: [leaf 88, back]] + he ȝef duntes ynowe; + þe payen fel y swowe. + ys feren gonnen hem wiþ drawe, + for huere maister wes neh slawe. 916 + +[Sidenote: and says he has never before experienced such blows, save at +the hand of King Murry.] + + {And} sede, “kniȝtes, nu ȝe reste + One while, ef ȝou leste.” + Hi sede, “hi neure nadde + Of kniȝte dentes so harde. 920 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + He was of hornes ku{n}ne, + Iborn in suddenne.” 924 + + He seyden, “knyct þo reste + Awile ȝyf þe luste. + We neu{er}e ne hente + Of ma{n}[KH-3] so harde dunte, 920 + Bute of þe king Mory, + Þat was so swyþe stordy. + He was of hornes kinne; + We slowe hym in sodenne.” 924 + + [Footnote KH-3: MS. adds ‘nes honde’ underdotted as a mistake.] + + he seide, “knyht, þou reste + a whyle, ȝef þe leste. + y ne heuede ner of monnes hond + so harde duntes in non lond, 920 + bote of þe kyng Murry, + þ{a}t wes swiþe sturdy. + he wes of hornes kenne; + y sloh him in sudenne.” 924 + +[Sidenote: Horn is enraged,] + + ¶ Horn hi{m} ga{n} to ag{ri}se, + {And} his blod arise. + + Cuberd gan ag{r}ise, + And hys blod aryse. + + ¶ Godmod him gon agryse, + ant his blod aryse. + +[Sidenote: and renews the fight.] + + Biuo hi{m} saȝ he sto{n}de + Þ{a}t driue{n} hi{m} of lo{n}de, 928 + {And} þ{a}t his fader sloȝ. + To hi{m} his swerd he droȝ. + + By for hym he sey stonde + Þat drof hym out of londe, 928 + And hys fad{er} aquelde. + He smot hym hond{er} schelde. + + byforen him he seh stonde + þat drof him out of londe, 928 + ant fader his a-quelde; + he smot him vnder shelde. + +[Sidenote: Cutberd looks on his ring, then smites the giant through the +heart.] + + He lokede on his rynge, + {And} þoȝte on Rymenhilde. 932 + He smot him þureȝ þe herte, + Þ{a}t sore him gan to smerte. + Þe paens þ{a}t er were so sturne, + Hi gu{n}ne awei vrne. 936 + + He lokede on hys gode ri{n}ge, + And þoute on reymyld þe ȝo{n}ge. 932 + Myd gode dunt ate furste, + He smot hy{m} to þe herte. + Þe hondes go{n}ne{n} at erne + In to þe schypes sterne. 936 + + he lokede on is rynge, + ant þohte o rymenild þe ȝynge. 932 + mid god suerd at þe furste, + he smot him þourh þe huerte. + þe payns bigonne to fleon, + ant to huere shype teon. 936 + +[Headnote: _Horn kills the Giant._] + +[Sidenote: The pagans flee to their ship.] + + Horn {and} his compaynye + Gu{n}ne aft{er} he{m} wel swiþe hiȝe, + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + To schip he wolde{n} ȝerne, + And cubert he{m} gan werne, + And seyde, “kyng, so þou haue reste, + Clep nou forþ ofi þi beste, 940 + And sle we þyse hounden, + Here we he{n}ne founden.” + + to ship hue wolden erne; + godmod hem con werne. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Sidenote: The king’s sons are slain, but Cutberd annihilates the pagan +host,] + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + {And} sloȝen alle þe hundes, + Er hi here schipes funde. + + Þe houndes hye of laucte, + An st{ro}kes hye þere kaute. 944 + Faste aȝen hye stode, + Aȝen duntes gode. + Help nawht here wond{er}; + Cubert hem broute al hond{er}. 948 + He schedde of here blode, + And makede hem al wode. + + þe kynges sones tweyne + þe paiens slowe beyne. 944 + þo wes Godmod swyþe wo, + ant þe payens he smot so, + þ{a}t in a lutel stounde + þe paiens hy felle to grounde. 948 + godmod ant is men + slowe þe payenes eueruchen. + +[Headnote: _King Thurston’s two sons are slain._] + +[Sidenote: thus avenging his father’s death.] + + To deþe he he{m} alle broȝte; + His fader deþ wel dere hi boȝte. 952 + Of alle þe kynges kniȝtes, + Ne scapede þer no wiȝte. + Bute his sones tweie + Bifore him he saȝ deie. 956 + + To deþe he hem browte, + Hys fad{er} deþ he bowten. 952 + Of al þe kinges rowe, + Þer nas bute fewe slawe. + Bote hys sones tweye + By fore he sey deye. 956 + + his fader deþ {ant} ys lond + awrek godmod wiþ his hond. 952 + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Sidenote: The king mourns.] + + Þe ki{n}g biga{n} to grete, + And teres for to lete. + Me leide{n} he{m} in bare, + {And} burde{n} he{m} ful ȝare. 960 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + Þe king bi gan to grete, + And teres for to lete. + Men leyde{n} hem on bere, + And ledde he{m} wel þere 960 + In to holy kyrke, + So man scholde werke. + + þe kyng wiþ reuþful chere + lette leggen is sones on bere, + ant bringen hom to halle; + muche sorewe hue maden alle. 960 + in a chirche of lym {an}t ston + me buriede hem wiþ ryche won. + +[Headnote: _King Thurston offers Horn his kingdom._] + + ¶ Þe ki{n}g co{m} i{n} to halle, + Amo{n}g his kniȝtes alle. 964 + “Horn,” he sede, “i seie þe, + Do as i schal rede þe. + Aslaȝe{n} beþ mine heirs, + {And} þu art kniȝt of muchel pris, 968 + {And} of g{re}te st{re}ngþe, + {And} fair o bodie lengþe. + + ++Þe king cam hom to halle, + Among þe kniyctes alle. 964 + “Do, cubert,” he seyde, + “As ich þe wolle rede. + Dede beþ myn heyres, + And þou þe boneyres, 968 + And of grete strengþe, + Swete and fayr of lengþe. + + ¶ Þe kyng lette forþ calle + hise knyhtes alle, 964 + ant seide, “godmod, ȝef þou nere, + alle ded we were, + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Sidenote: He offers to make Horn (Cutberd) his heir,] + + MiRe{n}gne þu schalt welde, + {And} to spuse helde 972 + Reynild, mi doȝt{er}, + Þ{a}t sitteþ on þe lofte.” + + Mi reaume þou schalt helde, + And to spuse welde 972 + Hermenyl, my dout{er}, + Þat syt in bour{e} softe.” + + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + þou art boþe god {ant} feyr; + her y make þe myn heyr; + for my sones bueþ yflawe, + ant ybroht of lyfdawe. 976 + +[Sidenote: and to give him his daughter Reynild.] + + ¶ “O sire ki{n}g, wiþ wro{n}ge + Scholte ihc hit vnd{er}fo{n}ge. 976 + Þi doȝter þ{a}t ȝe me bede, + Ower re{n}gne for to lede. + Welmore ihc schal þe serue, + Sire kyng, or þu sterue. 980 + Þi sorwe schal wende + Or seue ȝeres ende. + + He seyde, “king, wit wronge + Scholde ich hire hond{er} fonge, 976 + Þing þat þou me bede, + And þy reaume lede. + At more ich wile þe s{er}ue, + And fro sorwe þe berwe. 980 + Þy sorwe hyt schal wende + Her þis seue ȝeres hende. + + dohter ich habbe one; + nys non so feyr of blod ant bone. + [KH-5](Ermenild, þat feyre may, + bryht so eny someres day,) 980 + hire wolle ich ȝeue þe, + ant her kyng shalt þou be.” + + [Footnote KH-5: This line was at first left out by the scribe, + and then written in the margin of the MS.] + +[Sidenote: Cutberd declines, but offers to continue in the king’s +service.] + + Wanne hit is wente, + Sire ki{n}g, ȝef me mi rente. 984 + Wha{n}ne i þi doȝter ȝerne, + Ne schaltu me hire werne.” + + And wa{n}ne he beþ wente, + Kyng, ȝyf þou me my re{n}te. 984 + Wan ich þi dout{er} h{er}ne, + Ne schalt þou hire me werne.” + + he seyde, “more ichul þe serue, + kyng, er þen þou sterue. 984 + when y þy dohter ȝerne, + heo ne shal me noþyng werne.” + +[Sidenote: During seven years he does not communicate with Rymenhild.] + + Cutb{er}d wonede þere + Fulle seue ȝere, 988 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Þ{a}t to Rymenild he ne sente, + Ne him self ne wente. 992 + Rymenild was in West{er}nesse, + Wiþ wel muchel sorinesse. + + ++Horn child wonede þere + fulle sixe yere. 988 + Þe seuenþe, þat cam þe nexte + Aft{er} þe sexte,[KH-4] + To reymyld he ne we{n}de, + Ne to hyr{e} sende. 992 + Reymyld was i{n} westnesse, + Myd michel sorwenesse. + + [Footnote KH-4: MS. adds ‘yeres hende’ underdotted as a mistake.] + + ¶ godmod wonede þere + fulle six ȝere; 988 + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + ant þe seueþe ȝer bygon; + to rymynyld, sonde ne sende he non. 992 + rymenyld wes in westnesse, + wiþ muchel sorewenesse. + +[Headnote: _A king sues for Rymenhild._] + +[Sidenote: A king sues for Rymenhild.] + + ¶ A king þ{er} gan ariue + Þ{a}t wolde hire haue to wyue. 996 + Aton he was wiþ þe ki{n}g, + Of þ{a}t ilke weddi{n}g. + Þe daies were schorte, + Þ{a}t Rimi{n}hild ne dorste 1000 + Lete{n} i{n} none wise. + A writ he dude deuise; + + A kyng þer was aryuede + Þat wolde hyre habbe to wyue. 996 + At sone ware þe kynges + Of hyre weddinges. + Þe dawes weren schorte, + And reymyld ne dorste 1000 + Lette in none wise. + A writ he dede deuise; + + a kyng þer wes aryue, + ant wolde hyre han to wyue. 996 + at one were þe kynges, + of þ{a}t weddynge. + þe dayes were so sherte, + ant rymenild ne derste 1000 + latten on none wyse. + a wryt hue dude deuyse; + +[Sidenote: Athulf writes a letter to Horn.] + + Aþulf hit dude write, + Þ{a}t horn ne luuede noȝt lite. 1004 + Heo se{n}de hire so{n}de + To eu{er}eche londe, + To seche horn, þe kniȝt, + Þ{er} me hi{m} fi{n}de miȝte. 1008 + + Ayol hyt dide write, + Þat horn ne louede nawt lite. 1004 + And to eu{er}yche londe, + For horn hym was so longe, + Aft{er} horn þe knycte, + For þat he ne Myȝte. 1008 + + Aþulf hit dude wryte, + þ{a}t horn ne louede nout lyte. 1004 + hue sende hire sonde + in to eueruche londe, + to sechen horn knyhte, + whe so er me myhte. 1008 + +[Headnote: _Horn meets Rymenhild’s messenger._] + +[Sidenote: Horn, while hunting, meets a page, who says that he is +seeking Horn,] + + Horn noȝt þ{er} of ne herde, + Til, o dai þ{a}t he ferde + To wude for to schete, + A knaue he gan imete. 1012 + Horn sede{n}, “Leue fere, + Wat sechestu here?” + “Kniȝt, if beo þi wille, + I mai þe sone telle. 1016 + I seche fra{m} biweste, + Horn of west{er}nesse, + + Horn þer of ne þoute, + Tyl, on a day þat he ferde + To wode for to seche, + A page he gan mete. 1012 + He seyde, “leue fere, + Wat sekest þou here?” + “Knyt, feyr of felle,” + Qwat þe page, “y wole þe telle. 1016 + Ich seke fram westnesse, + Horn, knyt of estnesse, + + Horn þer of nout herde, + til, o day þ{a}t he ferde + to wode forte shete, + a page he gan mete. 1012 + Horn seide, “leue fere, + whet dest þou nou here?” + [Sidenote: [leaf 89]] + “Sire, in lutel spelle + y may þe sone telle. 1016 + Ich seche from westnesse, + horn, knyht, of estnesse, + +[Sidenote: and that Rymenhild is to marry King Mody of Reynes, on +Sunday.] + + For a Maiden Rymenhild + Þ{a}t for him gan wexe wild. 1020 + A ki{n}g hire wile wedde, + {And} bri{n}ge to his bedde, + Ki{n}g Modi of Reynes, + On of hornes enemis. 1024 + Ihc habbe walke wide + Bi þe se side, + + For þe mayde reymyld, + Þat for hym ney waxeþ wild. 1020 + A kyng hire schal wedde, + A soneday to bedde, + Kyng mody of reny, + Þat was hornes enemy. 1024 + Ich haue walked wide + By þe se syde. + + For rymenild, þ{a}t feyre may, + soreweþ for him nyht {ant} day. 1020 + A kyng hire shal wedde, + a sonneday to bedde, + Kyng Mody of reynis, + þ{a}t is hornes enimis. 1024 + ich habbe walked wyde + by þe see side. + +[Sidenote: The messenger laments that he cannot find Horn.] + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1028 + Nis he no war ifu{n}de, + Walawai þe stu{n}de. + Wailaway þe while, + Nu wurþ Rymenild bigiled.” 1032 + Horn iherde wiþ his ires, + {And} spak wiþ bidere tires, + + Ich neu{er}e myȝt of reche + Whit no londisse speche. 1028 + Nis he nower founde, + A weylawey þe stounde. + Reymyld worþ by gile, + Weylawey þe wile.” 1032 + Horn hyt herde with eren, + And wep with blody teren. + + ne mihte ich hi{m} neuer cleche, + wiþ nones kunnes speche, 1028 + ne may ich of him here + in londe fer no nere. + weylawey þe while, + him may hente gyle.” 1032 + ¶ Horn hit herde wiþ earen, + ant spec wiþ wete tearen, + +[Sidenote: Horn discloses his identity, and sends word to Rymenhild that +he will come Sunday before ‘prime.’] + + “Knaue, wel þe bitide, + Horn sto{n}dep þe biside. 1036 + Aȝe{n} to hure þu turne, + {And} seie þat heo ne murne, + For ischal beo þ{er} bitime, + A soneday bi pryme.” 1040 + Þe knaue was wel bliþe, + {And} hiȝede aȝen bliue. + Þe se bigan to þroȝe + Vnder hire woȝe. 1044 + + “So wel þe, grom, by tide, + Horn stant by þy syde. 1036 + Aȝen to reymyld turne, + And sey þat he ne morne. + Ich schal ben þer by tyime, + A soneday by p{r}ime.” 1040 + Þe page was blyþe, + And schepede wel swyþe. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1044 + + “So wel, grom, þe bitide, + horn stond by þi syde, 1036 + aȝeyn to rymenild turne, + {ant} sey þat hue ne murne. + y shal be þer bi time, + a sonneday er p{ri}me.” 1040 + þe page wes wel blyþe + {ant} shipede wel suyþe. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1044 + +[Headnote: _The messenger on his return journey is drowned._] + +[Sidenote: The messenger is drowned, and Rymenhild looks for him in +vain.] + + Þe knaue þer gan adrinke; + Ryme{n}hild hit miȝte of þi{n}ke. + Ryme{n}hild vndude þe dure pin + Of þe hus þ{er} heo was in, 1048 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + Þe se hym gan to drenche; + Reymyld hyt Myȝt of þinche. + Þe se hym gan op þrowe, + Hond{er} hire boures wowe. 1048 + Reymyld gan dore vn pynne, + Of boure þat he was ynne, + + þe see him gon adrynke; + þ{a}t rymenil may of þinke. + þe [see] him con ded þrowe + vnder hire chambre wowe. 1048 + rymenild lokede wide + by þe see syde, + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild grieves when she finds the drowned messenger.] + + To loke wiþ hire iȝe, + If heo oȝt of horn isiȝe. 1052 + Þo fo{n}d heo þe knaue adrent + Þ{a}t he hadde for horn ise{n}t, + {And} þ{a}t scholde horn bringe; + Hire fingres he gan wri{n}ge. 1056 + + And lokede forþ riȝcte + Aft{er} horn þe knyte. 1052 + Þo fond hye hir{e} sonde + Drenched by þe stronde, + Þat scholde horn bringe; + Hyre fingres hye gan wringe. 1056 + + ȝef heo seȝe horn come, + oþer tidynge of eny gome. 1052 + þo fond hue hire sonde + adronque by þe stronde, + þat shulde horn brynge; + hire hondes gon hue wrynge. 1056 + +[Headnote: _Horn asks King Thurston’s aid._] + +[Sidenote: Horn discloses his identity to King Thurston] + + ¶ Horn cam to þurston þe kyng, + {And} tolde him þis tiþing. + Þo he was iknowe + Þ{a}t Rim{en}h[ild] was hise oȝe, 1060 + Of his gode ke{n}ne, + Þe ki{n}g of suddenne, + {And} hu he sloȝ in felde + Þ{a}t his fader q{ue}lde, 1064 + + Horn cam to þurston þe kinge, + And telde hym hys tydinge. + So he was by cnowe + Þat reymyld was his owe. 1060 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1064 + + ¶ Horn com to þurston þe kynge, + ant tolde him þes tidynge. + ant þo he was biknowe, + þat rymenild wes ys owe, 1060 + ant of his gode kenne, + þe kyng of sudenne, + ant hou he sloh afelde + hi{m} þ{a}t is fader aquelde, 1064 + +[Sidenote: and asks his pay and also aid to win Rymenhild.] + + And seide, “ki{n}g þe wise, + Ȝeld me mi s{er}uise. + Ryme{n}hild help me wi{n}ne; + Þ{a}t þu noȝt ne li{n}ne, 1068 + + He seyde, “kyng so wise, + Ȝeld me my seruyse. + Reymyld me help to wi{n}ne; + Þat þou ich nowt ne lynne, 1068 + + ant seide, “kyng so wyse, + ȝeld me my seruice. + rymenild, help me to wynne, + swyþe þ{a}t þou ne blynne, 1068 + +[Sidenote: He promises that Athulf shall marry Thurston’s daughter.] + + {And} ischal do to spuse + Þi doȝt{er} wel to huse. + Heo schal to spuse haue + Aþulf, mi gode felaȝe, 1072 + God kniȝt mid þe beste, + {And} þe t{re}weste.” + + And hy schal to house + Þy dout{er} do wel spuse. + He schal to spuse haue + Ayol, My trewe felawe, 1072 + He hys knyt wyt þe beste, + And on of þe treweste.” + + ant y shal do to house + þy dohter wel to spouse, + for hue shal to spouse haue + Aþulf, my gode felawe. 1072 + he is knyht mid þe beste, + {ant} on of þe treweste.” + +[Sidenote: The king consents.] + + Þe ki{n}g sede so stille, + “Horn, haue nu þi wille.” 1076 + + Þo seyde þe kyng so stille, + “Horn, do þine wille.” 1076 + + þe kyng seide so stille, + “horn, do al þi wille.” 1076 + +[Sidenote: Horn levies men, and sets sail.] + + He dude writes se{n}de + Into yrlonde, + Aft{er} kniȝtes liȝte, + Irisse men to fiȝte. 1080 + To horn come inoȝe, + Þ{a}t to schupe droȝe. + Horn dude him in þe weie, + On a god Galeie. 1084 + Þe him gan to blowe + In alitel þroȝe. + + ++Horn se{n}te hys sonde + In to eu{er}yche londe, + After men to fyȝte, + Hyrische men so wyȝte, 1080 + To hym were come hy nowe, + Þat in to schipe drowe. + Horn tok hys p{re}ye. + And dude hi{m} in hys weye. 1084 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + he sende þo by sonde, + ȝend al is londe, + after knyhtes to fyhte, + þ{a}t were men so lyhte. 1080 + to him come ynowe, + þ{a}t in to shipe drowe. + ¶ Horn dude hi{m} in þe weye, + in a gret galeye. 1084 + þe wynd bigon to blowe + in a lutel þrowe. + +[Headnote: _Horn arrives at the latest possible moment._] + +[Sidenote: He arrives after the bells for the wedding have been rung.] + + Þe se bigan to posse + Riȝt i{n} to West{er}nesse. 1088 + Hi st{ri}ke seil {and} maste, + {And} Ankere gu{n}ne caste, + Or eny day was spru{n}ge + Oþ{er} belle iru{n}ge. 1092 + Þe word bigan to sp{ri}nge + Of Ryme{n}hilde weddi{n}ge. + Horn was i{n} þe wat{er}e; + Ne miȝte he come no lat{er}e. 1096 + + Here scyp gan forþ seyle, + Þe wynd hym nolde fayle. 1088 + He striken seyl of maste, + And anker he go{n}ne kaste. + Þe soneday was hy sp[ronge], + And þe messe hy songe, 1092 + Of reymylde þe ȝonge, + And of mody þe kinge; + And horn was i{n} wat{er}e; + Myȝt he come no lat{er}e. 1096 + + þe see bi-gan wiþ ship to gon, + to westnesse he{m} brohte anon. 1088 + hue st{ri}ken seyl of maste, + ant ancre gonnen caste. + matynes were yronge + {ant} þe masse ysonge, 1092 + of rymenild þe ȝynge + {ant} of Mody þe kynge, + ant horn wes in watere; + ne mihte he come no latere. 1096 + +[Sidenote: He leaves his ship, and comes to land.] + + He let his schup sto{n}de, + {And} ȝede to londe. + His folk he dude abide + Vnder wude side. 1100 + + He let scyp stonde, + And ȝede hym op to londe. + Hys folc he dide abyde + Hond{er} þe wode syde. 1100 + + He let is ship stonde, + ant com hi{m} vp to londe. + His folk he made abyde + vnder a wode syde. 1100 + +[Headnote: _Horn meets a Palmer._] + +[Sidenote: Horn sets forth alone, and meets a palmer,] + + Hor[n] him ȝede alone, + also he spru{n}ge of stone. + A palm{er}e he þar mette, + {And} faire hine grette. 1104 + “Palm{er}e, þu schalt me telle + Al of þine spelle.” + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + He wende forþ alone, + So he were spronge of stone. + A palmere he mette; + Wyt worde he hym g{r}ette, 1104 + “Palm{er}e, þou schalt me telle,” + He seyde, “on þine spelle, + So brouke þou þi croune, + Wi comest þou fram toune?” 1108 + + [Sidenote: [leaf 89, back]] + ¶ Horn eode forh al one, + so he sprong of þe stone. + on palmere he y-mette, + {ant} wiþ wordes hyne grette, 1104 + “palmere, þou shalt me telle,” + he seyde, “of þine spelle, + so brouke þou þi croune, + why comest þou from toune?” 1108 + +[Sidenote: who tells him of the wedding] + + He sede vpon his tale, + “I come fram o brudale, + Ihc was at o weddi{n}g + Of a Maide Ryme{n}hild. 1112 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + Þe palmere seyde on hys tale, + “Hy com fram on bridale. + Ich com fram b{r}ode hylde + Of Mayden reymylde. 1112 + Fram hond{er} chyrche wowe, + Þe gan louerd owe, + + ant he seide on is tale, + “y come from a brudale, + from brudale wylde + of maide remenylde. 1112 + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Sidenote: and of Rymenhild’s grief.] + + Ne miȝte heo adriȝe + Þ{a}t heo ne weop wiþ iȝe. 1116 + Heo sede þ{a}t ‘heo nolde + Ben ispused wiþ golde; + Heo hadde on husebonde, + Þeȝ he were vt of lo{n}de.’ 1120 + + Ne miyȝte hye hyt dreye + Þat hye wep wyt eye. 1116 + He seyde þat ‘hye nolde + Be spoused Myd golde; + Hye hadde hosebonde, + Þey be nere nawt in londe.’ 1120 + + ne mihte hue nout dreȝe + þ{a}t hue ne wep wiþ eȝe. 1116 + hue seide, ‘þ{a}t hue nolde + be spoused wiþ golde; + hue hade hosebonde + þah he were out of londe.’ 1120 + + {And} i{n} st{ro}ng halle, + Biþinne castel walle, + Þ{er} iwas atte ȝate; + Nolde hi me in late. 1124 + Modi ihote hadde + To bure þ{a}t me hire ladde. + Awai igan glide; + Þ{a}t deol inolde abide. 1128 + Þe bride wepeþ sore, + {And} þ{a}t is muche deole!” + + Mody Myd strencþe hyre hadde, + And in to toure ladde, + Into a stronge halle, + Whit inne kastel walle. 1124 + Þer ich was attegate; + Moste ich nawt in rake. + Awey ich gan glyde; + Þe deþ ich nolde abyde. 1128 + Þer worþ a rewlich dole, + Þer þe bryd wepeþ sore.” + + ich wes in þe halle, + wiþ-inne þe castel walle. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1124 + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + a wey y gon glide; + þe dole y nolde abyde. 1128 + þer worþ a dole reuly; + þe brude wepeþ bitterly.” + +[Headnote: _Horn exchanges clothes with the Palmer._] + +[Sidenote: Horn changes clothes with the palmer,] + + ¶ Quaþ horn, “So c{ri}st me rede, + We schulle chau{n}gi wede. 1132 + Haue her cloþes myne, + {And} tak me þi sclauyne. + Today i schal þer drinke, + Þ{a}t some hit schulle ofþinke.” 1136 + His sclauyn he dude dun legge, + {And} tok hit on his rigge. + He tok horn his cloþes, + Þ{a}t nere him noȝt loþe. 1140 + + “Palm{er}e,” qwad horn, “so god me rede + Ich and þou wille{n} chaunge{n} wede. 1132 + Tac þou me þi sclauyne, + And haue þou cloþes myne. + To day ich schal þer{e} drynke; + Som man hyt schal of þinke.” 1136 + Þe sclavyn he gan doun legge, + And horn hyt dide on rigge. + Þe palmere tok hys cloþes, + Þat ne were{n} hym nowt loþe. 1140 + + quoþ horn, “so c{ri}st me rede, + we wolleþ chaunge wede. 1132 + tac þou robe myne, + ant ȝe sclaueyn þyne. + to day y shal þer drynke, + þat summe hit shal of-þynke.” 1136 + sclaueyn he gon doun legge, + {ant} horn hit dude on rugge, + ant toc hornes cloþes, + þat nout him were loþe. 1140 + +[Sidenote: and blackens his face and neck with coal.] + + Horn tok burdon {and} scrippe, + {And} wro{n}g his lippe. + He makede him a ful chere, + {And} al bicolmede his swere. 1144 + He makede hi{m} vn bicomelich; + Hes he nas neuremore ilich. + + ++Horn toc burdoun and sc{r}ippe, + And gan wringe hys lippe. + He makede a foul cher{e}, + And kewede hys swere. 1144 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + ¶ Horn toc bordoun {ant} sc{ri}ppe, + ant gan to wrynge is lippe. + he made foule ch{er}e, + {ant} bicollede is swere. 1144 + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Sidenote: The gate-keeper forbids Horn entrance.] + + ¶ He co{m} to þe gateward, + Þ{a}t hi{m} answerede hard. 1148 + Horn bad undo softe, + Mani tyme {and} ofte. + Ne miȝte he awynne + Þ{a}t he come þ{e}rinne. 1152 + + He cam to þe gateward, + Þat hym answered hard. 1148 + He bed on do wel softe, + Fele syþe and ofte. + Myȝte he nowt wynne + For to come þeri{n}ne. 1152 + + he com to þe ȝateward, + þ{a}t him onsuerede froward. 1148 + horn bed vn-do wel softe, + moni tyme ant ofte. + ne myhte he ywynne + forto come þer-ynne. 1152 + +[Headnote: _Horn enters the hall, and sits with the beggars._] + +[Sidenote: Horn breaks through the wicket, after having thrown the +gate-keeper over the bridge.] + + Horn gan to þe ȝate turne, + {And} þ{a}t wiket vnspurne. + Þe boye hit scholde abugge; + Horn þreu him ouer þe brigge, 1156 + Þ{a}t his ribbes him to brake; + {And} suþþe com in atte gate. + He sette him wel loȝe, + In begg{er}es rowe. 1160 + He lokede him abute, + Wiþ his colmie snute. + + Horn gan to þe yate turne, + And þe wyket op spurne. + Þe porter hyt scholde abygg{e}; + He pugde hym ofer þe b{r}igg{e}, 1156 + Þat hys ribbes go{n}nen krake; + And horn i{n}to halle rake. + He sette hym wel lowe, + In beggeres rowe. 1160 + He loked al aboute, + Mid hys kelwe snowte. + + horn þe wyket puste, + þat hit open fluste. + þe porter shulde abugge; + he þrew him a-doun þe brugge, 1156 + þat þre ribbes crakede. + horn to halle rakede, + ant sette him doun wel lowe, + in þe beggeres rowe. 1160 + he lokede aboute, + myd is collede snoute. + +[Sidenote: He sees Rymenhild weeping, but looks in vain for Athulf.] + + He seȝ Ryme{n}hild sitte + Ase heo were of witte, 1164 + Sore wepinge {and} ȝerne; + Ne miȝte hure noman wurne. + He lokede in eche halke; + Ne seȝ he nowhar walke 1168 + Aþulf his felawe, + Þ{a}t he cuþe knowe. + + He sey Reymyld sytte + Al so hy were of witte, 1164 + Wyt droupnynde chere, + Þat was hys le{m}ma{n} dere. + He lokede in eche halke; + Sey he nowere stalke 1168 + Ayol hys trewe felawe, + Þat trewe was and ful of lawe. + + þer seh he rymenild sitte + ase hue were out of wytte, 1164 + wepinde sore; + ah he seh nower þore + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1168 + Aþulf is gode felawe, + þat trewe wes in vch plawe. + +[Headnote: _Athulf despairs of Horn’s coming._] + +[Sidenote: Athulf from the tower watches in vain for Horn.] + + Aþulf was i{n} þe ture, + Abute for to pure 1172 + Aft{er} his comynge, + Ȝef schup hi{m} wolde bri{n}ge. + He seȝ þe se flowe, + {And} horn nowar rowe. 1176 + + Ayol was op i{n} tour{e}, + Aboute for to pour{e} 1172 + Aft{er} hornes cominge, + Ȝyf wat{er} hym wolde bringe. + Þe se he sey flowe, + And horn nower rowe. 1176 + + ¶ Apulf wes o tour ful heh, + to loke fer {ant} eke neh 1172 + after hornes comynge, + ȝef water him wolde brynge. + þe see he seh flowe, + ah horn nower rowe. 1176 + +[Sidenote: In his soliloquy he says that Horn will be too late.] + + He sede vpon his songe, + “Horn, nu þu ert wel longe. + Ryme{n}hild þu me toke, + Þ{a}t i scholde loke. 1180 + Ihc habbe kept hure eure; + Com nu oþer neure. + I ne may no le{n}g hure kepe; + For soreȝe nu y wepe.” 1184 + + He seyde in hys songe, + “Horn, þou art to longe. + Reymyld þou me by toke, + Þat ich hyr{e} scholde loke. 1180 + Ich haue hi{r}e yloked eu{er}e, + And þou ne comest neu{er}e.” + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + he seyde on is songe, + “horn, þou art to longe. + rymenild þou me bitoke, + þ{a}t ich hire shulde loke. 1180 + Ich haue yloked euere, + {ant} þou ne comest neuere.” + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild bears wine and beer to the guests.] + + ¶ Rymenhild Ros of benche, + Wyn for to schenche, + Aft{er} mete i{n} sale, + Boþe wyn {and} ale. 1188 + On horn he bar anhonde, + So laȝe was i{n} londe. + + Reymyld ros of benche, + Þe knyȝtes for to schenche. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + An horn hye ber on honde, + As hyt was lawe of londe. + + Rymenild ros of benche, + þe beer al forte shenche, + after mete in sale, + boþe wyn {ant} ale. 1188 + an horn hue ber an honde, + for þ{a}t wes lawe of londe. + + Kniȝtes {and} squier + Alle dronke{n} of þe ber; 1192 + Bute horn al one + Nadde þ{er}of no mone. + Horn sat vpo{n} þe g{ru}nde; + Him þuȝte he was ibu{n}de. 1196 + + Hye drank of þebere, + To knyt and to squier{e}. 1192 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + And horn set on þe grunde; + Hym þoute he was bounde. 1196 + + hue dronc of þe beere, + to knyht {ant} skyere. 1192 + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + horn set at grounde; + him þohte he wes y-bounde. 1196 + +[Headnote: _Horn addresses Rymenhild._] + +[Sidenote: Horn asks Rymenhild to serve the beggars.] + + He sede, “q{ue}n so he{n}de, + To meward þu we{n}de. + Þu ȝef vs wiþ þe furste; + Þe beggeres beoþ of þurste.” 1200 + + He seyde, “quen so hende, + To meward gyn þou wende. + Schenk hus Myd þe furste; + Þe beggeres beþ of þerste.” 1200 + + ¶ he seide, “quene so hende, + to me hydeward þou wende. + [Sidenote: [leaf 90]] + þou shenh vs wiþ þe vurste; + þe beggares bueþ afurste.” 1200 + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild fills a gallon bowl with brown beer, and offers it +to Horn.] + + ¶ Hure horn heo leide adun, + {And} fulde him of a brun, + His bolle of a galun, + For heo wende he were a glotoun. 1204 + He seide, “haue þis cuppe, + {And} þi{s} þi{n}g þ{er} vppe. + Ne saȝ ihc neure, so ihc wene, + Beggere þat were so kene.” 1208 + + Þe horn hye leyde adoune, + And fulde hem of þe broune, + A bolle of one galun; + Hye wende he were a glotoun. 1204 + “Nym þou þe coppe, + And drinkyt al oppe. + Sey ich neu{er}e, ich wene, + Begger{e} so bold and kene.” 1208 + + hyre horn hue leyde a doune, + ant fulde him of þe broune, + a bolle of a galoun; + hue wende he were a glotoun. 1204 + hue seide, “tac þe coppe, + ant drync þis ber al vppe. + ne seh y neuer, y wene, + beggare so kene.” 1208 + +[Sidenote: He refuses it, saying that he will have nothing ‘bote of +coppe white,’] + + Horn tok hit his ifere, + {And} sede, “que{n} so dere, + Wyn nelle ihc, Muche ne lite, + Bute of cuppe white. 1212 + + Horn tok þe coppe hys fere, + And seyde, “quen so dere, + No drynk nel ich bite, + Bote of one coppe wite. 1212 + + horn toc hit hise yfere, + {ant} seide, “quene so dere, + no beer nullich i bite, + bote of coppe white. 1212 + +[Sidenote: and that he is no beggar, but a fisher.] + + Þu wenest i beo a beggere, + {And} ihc am a fissere, + “Wel feor icome bi este, + For fissen at þi feste. 1216 + Mi net liþ her bi honde, + Bi a wel fair stronde. + + Þou wenst ich be a begger{e}; + For gode ich am a fyȝsser{e}, + Hy come fram by weste, + To fyȝen an þi feste. 1216 + My net hys ney honde, + In a wel fayr ponde. + + þou wenest ich be a beggere; + ywis icham a fysshere, + wel fer come by weste, + to seche mine bestee. 1216 + Min net lyht her wel hende, + wiþ-inne a wel feyr pende. + +[Sidenote: Horn further alludes to her dream of the fish net, and bids +her ‘drynke to horn of horne.’] + + Hit haþ ileie þere + Fulle seue ȝere. 1220 + Ihc am icome to loke + Ef eni fiss hit toke. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Ihc am icome to fisse; + Dri{n}k to me of disse. + Drink to horn of horne, + Feor ihc am i orne.” 1228 + + Hyt hat hy be here + Al þis seueȝere. 1220 + Hyc am hy come to loke + Ȝif any he toke. + Ȝyf any fyȝs hys þerynne, + Þer of þou winne. 1224 + Ich am hy come to fyȝsse, + Drink to me of þy disse; + Drynk to horn of horn, + For ich habbe hy ȝouren.” 1228 + + Ich haue leye þere, + nou is þis þe seueþe ȝere. 1220 + Icham icome to loke + ȝef eny fyssħ hit toke. + ȝef eny fyssħ is þer-inne, + þer-of þou shalt wynne. 1224 + For icham come to fyssħ, + drynke nully of dyssħ. + drynke to horn of horne; + wel fer ich haue y-orne.” 1228 + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild looks at him and trembles, not fully comprehending +his meaning.] + + Ryme{n}hild hi{m} gan bihelde; + Hire heorte bigan to chelde. + Ne kneu heo noȝt his fissing, + Ne horn hymselue noþing; 1232 + Ac wu{n}der hire gan þinke, + Whi he bad to horn drinke. + + Reymyld hym gan by holde, + And hyr{e} h{er}te to kolde. + Neyȝ he nowt hys fyssing, + Ne hym selue no þyng. 1232 + Wond{er} hyre gan þynke, + Wy he hyre bed drynke. + + ¶ Rymenild hi{m} gan bihelde; + hire herte fel to kelde. + ne kneu hue noht is fysshyng, + ne hi{m} selue noþyng. 1232 + ah wonder hyre gan þynke, + why for horn he bed drynke. + +[Headnote: _Horn puts the ring in the horn._] + +[Sidenote: She fills the horn with wine and bids him drink his fill, and +then tell her if he knows aught of Horn.] + + Heo fulde hire horn wiþ wyn, + {And} dronk to þe pilegrym. 1236 + Heo sede, “dri{n}k þi fulle, + {And} suþþe þu me telle + If þu eure isiȝe + Horn vnder wude liȝe.” 1240 + + He fulde horn þe wyn, + And dronk to þe pyleg{r}im. 1236 + “Palmere, þou d{r}inke þy fulle, + And syþe þou schalt telle, + Ȝyf þou horn awt seye + Hond{er} wode leye.” 1240 + + hue fulde þe horn of wyne, + ant dronk to þat pelryne. 1236 + hue seide, “drync þi felle, + {ant} seþþen þou me telle + ȝef þou horn euer seȝe + vnder wode leȝe.” 1240 + +[Sidenote: Horn drinks, then throws the ring in the horn.] + + Horn dro{n}k of horn a stu{n}de, + And þreu þe ring to gru{n}de. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1244 + + ++Horn d{ra}nk of horn a stounde, + A{n}d þrew hys ryng to þe grounde. + He seyde, “quen, nou seche + Qwat hys in þy drenche.” 1244 + + ¶ Horn dronc of horn a stounde, + ant þreu is ryng to grounde, + ant seide, “quene, þou þench + what y þreu in þe drench.” 1244 + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild goes to her bower, and finds the ring.] + + Þe quen ȝede to bure, + Wiþ hire maidenes foure. + Þo fo{n}d heo what heo wolde, + A ri{n}g ig{ra}uen of golde, 1248 + Þ{a}t horn of hure hadde. + Sore hure dr{a}dde + Þ{a}t horn isteue were, + For þe Ri{n}g was þere. 1252 + + Reymild ȝede to bour{e}, + Wyt hyre maydenes four{e}. + He fond þat he wolde, + A ryng hy g{ra}uen of golde, 1248 + Þat horn of hyre hadde. + Wel sore hyre of dradde + Þat horn child ded were, + For þe ry{n}g was þere. 1252 + + þe quene eode to boure, + mid hire maidnes foure. + hue fond þ{a}t hue wolde, + þe ryng yg{ra}ued of golde, 1248 + þat horn of hyre hedde. + fol sore hyre adredde + þat horn ded were, + for his ryng was þere. 1252 + +[Headnote: _Rymenhild summons Horn to her bower._] + +[Sidenote: She sends for the palmer, and inquires where he got the +ring.] + + Þo se{n}te heo a damesele + Aft{er} þe palm{er}e. + “Palm{er}e,” q{ua}þ heo, “trewe, + Þe ri{n}g þ{a}t þu þrewe, 1256 + Þu seie whar þu hit nome, + {And} whi þu hider come.” + + Þo sende hye a damysele + Adoun aft{er} þe palm{er}e. + “Palm{er}e,” hye seyde, “so trewe, + Þe ryng þou here þrewe, 1256 + Sey war þou ith nome, + And hyder wi þou come.” + + þo sende hue a damoisele + after þilke palmere. + “palm{er}e,” quoþ hue, “so trewe, + þe ryng þ{a}t þou yn þrewe, 1256 + þou sey wer þou hit nome, + ant hyder hou þou come.” + +[Sidenote: Horn says that in his wanderings he has met Horn by the +strand.] + + He sede, “bi sei{n}t gile, + Ihc habbe go mani Mile, 1260 + Wel feor bi ȝonde weste, + To seche my beste. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1264 + I fond horn child stonde, + To schupeward in londe. + + He seyde, “bi seynt gyle, + Ich aue hy go mani amyle, 1260 + Wel fer her by weste, + To seche my beste, + My mete for to bidde, + So hyt me by tidde. 1264 + Þat fond ich horn child stonde, + To scyppeward on stronde. + + he seyde, “by seint gyle, + ich eode mony a myle, 1260 + wel fer ȝent by weste, + to seche myne beste, + Mi mete forte bydde, + for so me þo bitidde. 1264 + ich fond horn knyht stonde, + to shipeward at stronde. + +[Sidenote: He continues to relate how Horn, on ship board, fell ill and +died, and how Horn charged him to bear the ring to Rymenhild.] + + He sede he wolde agesse + to ariue in west{er}nesse. 1268 + Þe schip nam to þe flode, + Wiþ me {and} horn þe gode. + Horn was sik {and} deide, + {And} faire he me p{re}ide, 1272 + ‘Go wiþ þe ringe, + To Ryme{n}hild þe ȝo{n}ge.’ + Ofte he hit custe, + God ȝeue his saule reste.” 1276 + + He seyde he wolde agesce + To ryuen in westnesse. 1268 + Þat scyp hym ȝede to flode, + Myd me and horn þe gode. + Horn was sech and ded, + And for his loue me bed, 1272 + ‘To schipe with me þe ring + To Reymyld quene þe ȝeng.’ + Ofte he me kuste, + God ȝyue hys soule reste.” 1276 + + he seide he wolde gesse + to aryue at westnesse. 1268 + þe ship nom in to flode, + wiþ me {ant} horn þe gode. + Horn by-gan be sek {ant} deȝe, + {ant} for his loue me preȝe 1272 + to gon wiþ þe rynge, + to rymenild þe ȝynge. + wel ofte he hyne keste, + c{ri}st ȝeue is soule reste.” 1276 + +[Headnote: _Horn prevents Rymenhild from stabbing herself._] + +[Sidenote: The princess raves with grief, and attempts to slay herself +with a knife, but is prevented by Horn,] + + ¶ Ryme{n}hild sede at þe furste, + “Herte, nu þu berste, + For horn nastu namore, + Þ{a}t þe haþ pined þe so sore.” 1280 + + Reymyld seyde ate ferste, + “Herte, nou to berste; + Horn ne worþ me na more, + For wam hy pyne sore.” 1280 + + ¶ Rymenild seide at þe firste, + “herte, nou to berste. + horn worþ þe no more, + þat haueþ þe pyned sore.” 1280 + + Heo feol on hire bedde + Þer heo knif hudde, + To sle wiþ ki{n}g loþe, + {And} hure selue boþe, 1284 + In þ{a}t vlke niȝte, + If horn come ne miȝte. + To herte knif he sette; + Ac horn anon hire kepte. 1288 + + Hye fel adoun on þe bed + Þer hye hauede knyues leyd, + To slen hire louerd loþe, + And hyre selue boþe, 1284 + In þat hulke [nyȝte], + Bote horn come myȝte. + Knyf to hyre h{er}te hye sette, + And horn hire gan lette. 1288 + + [Sidenote: [leaf 90, back]] + Hue fel adoun a bedde, + ant after knyues gredde, + to slein mide hire kyng loþe, + {ant} hire selue boþe. 1284 + wiþ-inne þilke nyhte, + come ȝef horn ne myhte. + to herte knyf hue sette, + horn in is armes hire kepte. 1288 + +[Sidenote: who then wipes away the black from his face.] + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + Hys schirt lappe he gan take, + And wiped awey þat blake + + his shurte lappe he gan take, + {ant} wypede a wey þe foule blake + +[Headnote: _Horn makes himself known._] + +[Sidenote: Horn tells who he is, and bids Rymenhild kiss him.] + + He wipede þ{a}t blake of his swere, + {And} sede, “Quen so swete {and} dere, 1292 + Ihc am horn þinoȝe; + Ne canstu me noȝt knowe? + Ihc am horn of west{er}nesse; + In armes þu me cusse.” 1296 + + Þat was on hys swere, + And seyde, “quene so dere, 1292 + Canst þou me nawt knowe? + Ne am ich al þyn owe? + Ich am horn of estnesse; + In þyn armes þou me kusse.” 1296 + + Þ{a}t wes opon his suere, + ant seide, “luef so dere, 1292 + ne const þou me yknowe? + ne am ich horn þyn owe? + Ich, horn of westnesse; + in armes þou me kesse.” 1296 + +[Sidenote: After fond embraces, he tells her that he has armed men by +the ‘wodes ende,’ who will prevent the wedding.] + + Hi custe he{m} mid ywisse, + And makeden Muche blisse. + ¶ “Ryme{n}hild,” he sede, “ywende + Adun to þe wudes ende. 1300 + Þer beþ myne kniȝtes, + Redi to fiȝte, + Iarmed vnder cloþe. + + Hye clepten and hye kuste + Þe wile þat hem luste. + “Reymyld,” qwad horn, “ich moste we{n}de + To þe wodes hende, 1300 + After mine knyȝtes, + Hyrische men so wyȝte, + Armed hond{er} cloþe. + + yclupten {ant} kyste + so longe so hem lyste. + “Rymenild,” quoþ he, “ich wende + doun to þe wodes ende, 1300 + for þer bueþ myne knyhte, + worþi men {ant} lyhte, + armed vnder cloþe; + + Hi schulle make w{ro}þe 1304 + Þe ki{n}g {and} his geste + Þ{a}t come to þe feste. + Today i schal he{m} teche, + {And} sore he{m} areche.” 1308 + + He scholen make{n} wroþe 1304 + Þe king and hyse gestes + Þat sytten atte feste. + To day we schole hem keche, + Ryȝt nou ich wolle hem teche.” 1308 + + hue shule make wroþe 1304 + þe kyng {ant} hise gestes + þ{a}t bueþ at þise festes. + to day ychulle huem cacche, + nou ichulle huem vacche.” 1308 + +[Sidenote: He leaves the bower, and Rymenhild sets out in search of +Athulf.] + + ¶ Horn sprong ut of halle, + {And} let his sclauin falle. + Þe quen ȝede to bure, + {And} fond Aþulf in ture. 1312 + “Aþulf,” heo sede, “be bliþe, + And to horn þu go wel swiþe. + + ++HOrn sprong out of halle; + Þe sclavyn he let falle. + And Reymyld wente to toure, + And fond ayol lure. 1312 + “Ayol, be wel blyþe, + And go to horn swyþe. + + ¶ Horn sprong out of halle; + ys brunie he let falle. + rymenild eode of boure; + aþulf hue fond loure. 1312 + “aþulf, be wel blyþe, + {ant} to horn go swyþe. + +[Sidenote: Athulf goes to find Horn, and embraces him.] + + He is vnder wude boȝe, + {And} wiþ him kniȝtes Inoȝe.” 1316 + ¶ Aþulf bigan to sp{ri}nge + For þe tiþi{n}ge. + Aft{er} horn he arnde anon, + Also þ{a}t hors miȝte gon. 1320 + He hi{m} ou{er}tok ywis; + Hi makede suiþe Muchel blis. + + He hys hond{er} wode bowe, + And Myd hym felawe ynowe.” 1316 + Ayol forþ gan springe, + Wel glad for þat tydyngge. + Faste aft{er} horn he rende; + Hym þoute hys h{er}te brende. 1320 + Of tok he horn hy wys, + And kuste hym wit blys. + + he is vnder wode bowe, + wiþ felawes ynowe.” 1316 + Aþulf gon froth sp{ri}nge, + for þ{a}t ilke tydynge. + efter horn he ernde; + him þohte is herte bernde. 1320 + he oftok hi{m} ywisse, + ant custe him wiþ blysse. + +[Headnote: _Horn breaks up the wedding feast._] + +[Sidenote: Horn, with his armed men, breaks into the hall and slays many +of the guests,] + + Horn tok his preie, + {And} dude hi{m} i{n} þe weie. 1324 + He co{m} i{n} wel sone, + Þe ȝates were vndone, + Iarmed ful þikke + Fra{m} fote to þe nekke. 1328 + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1324 + He com aȝen wel sone, + Þe gates weren ondone. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1328 + + horn tok is preye + ant dude him in þe weye. 1324 + hue comen in wel sone, + þe ȝates weren vndone; + y-armed suiþe þicke + from fote to þe nycke. 1328 + + Alle þ{a}t were þ{er}in, + Biþute his twelf ferin + {And} þe ki{n}g Aylmare, + He dude he{m} alle to kare 1332 + Þ{a}t at þe feste were. + Here lif hi lete þere. + + Hye þat ate feste heten, + Here lyue he go{n}ne{n} þer leten. + And þe kyng mody + Hym he made blody. 1332 + And þe king aylm{er}e + Þo hauede myche fere. + + alle þ{a}t þer euere weren, + wiþ-oute is t{re}we feren + ant þe kyng aylmare, + ywis he hade muche care. 1332 + monie þ{a}t þer sete, + hure lyf hy gonne lete. + +[Sidenote: but he does not understand Fikenhild’s treachery, for all +deny the treason.] + + Horn ne dude no wu{n}der + Of ffike{n}hildes false tu{n}ge. 1336 + Hi swore{n} oþes holde, + Þat neure ne scholde + + ++Horn no wond{er} ne makede + Of fykenildes falsede. 1336 + He sworen alle and seyde + Þat her{e} non hym by wreyde. + + Horn vnderstondyng ne hede + of Fykeles falssede. 1336 + Hue suoren alle, ant seyde, + þ{a}t hure non him wreyede + +[Sidenote: All swear that they have not betrayed Horn.] + + Horn neure bit{ra}ie, + Þeȝ he at diþe laie. 1340 + Hi Ru{n}ge þe belle, + Þe wedlak for to felle. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1344 + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + + And ofte he swore{n} hoþes holde, + Þat þere non ne scholde 1340 + No ware horn by wreyen, + Þou he to deþe leyen. + He rongen þe bellen, + Þe wedding for to fulle{n}, 1344 + Of hor þat was so hende, + And of reymyld þe ȝonge. + + ant suore oþes holde + þat huere non ne sholde 1340 + Horn neuer bytreye, + þah he on deþe leye. + þer hy ronge þe belle, + þat wedlak{e} to fulfulle. 1344 + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Headnote: _Horn weds Rymenhild._] + +[Sidenote: The wedding is celebrated in the king’s palace.] + + Horn hi{m} ȝede with his, + To þe ki{n}ges palais. 1348 + Þer was brid {and} ale suete, + For riche me{n} þ{e}r ete. + Telle ne miȝte tu{n}ge + Þ{a}t gle þ{a}t þ{er} was su{n}ge. 1352 + + Horn ledde hyre hom wit heyse, + To hyr{e} fad{er} paleyse. 1348 + Þer was brydale swete; + Riche men þer hete. + Tellen ne Myȝte no tonge + Þe joye þat þer was songe. 1352 + + hue wenden hom wiþ eyse, + to þe kynges paleyse. 1348 + þer wes þe brudale suete, + for richemen þer ete. + telle ne mihte no tonge + þe gle þat þer was songe. 1352 + +[Sidenote: Horn addresses the king, and begins to recount his history.] + + ¶ Horn sat on chaere, + {And} bad he{m} alle ihere. + “Ki{n}g,” he sede, “þu luste + A tale mid þe beste. 1356 + I ne seie hit for no blame, + Horn is mi name. + Þu me to kniȝt houe, + {And} kniȝthod haue p{ro}ued. 1360 + To þe ki{n}g me{n} seide + Þ{a}t iþe bit{ra}ide; + + ++Horn set on hys cheyere, + And bed he scholden alle here. + He seyde, “kyng so longe, + My tale þou hond{er}stonde. 1356 + Hy was born i{n} sode{n}ne; + Kyng was My fad{er} of kunne. + Þo me to knyȝte þou ȝoue; + My knyȝthede ich haue p{ro}ued. 1360 + To þe of me men seyde + War for þi h{er}te creyde. + + ¶ Horn set in chayere, + {ant} bed hem alle yhere. + he seyde, “kyng of londe, + mi tale þou vnderstonde. 1356 + Ich wes ybore in sudenne; + kyng wes mi fader of kenne. + þou me to knyhte houe; + of knythod habbe y proue. 1360 + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Sidenote: Horn explains to the king his innocence,] + + Þu makedest me fleme, + {And} þi lo{n}d to reme. 1364 + Þu we{n}dest þ{a}t iwroȝte + Þ{a}t y neure ne þoȝte, + Bi Ryme{n}hild for to ligge, + {And} þ{a}t i wiþsegge. 1368 + + Þou makedest me to rewe, + Þo þou bote me fleme. 1364 + Þou wendes þat ich wroute + Þat hy neu{er}e ne þoute, + Wyt Reymyld for ligge. + I wys ich hyt wyt sigge. 1368 + + þou dryue me out of þi lond, + {ant} seydest ich wes t{r}aytour strong. 1364 + þou wendest þat ich wrohte + þat y ner ne þohte, + by rymenild forte lygge; + ywys ich hit wiþsugge. 1368 + +[Sidenote: and says that he will not take Rymenhild to wife until he has +regained his kingdom of Sudenne.] + + Ne schal ihc hit bigi{n}ne, + Til i suddene wi{n}ne. + Þu kep hure a stu{n}de, + Þe while þ{a}t i funde 1372 + In to min heritage + {And} to mi baronage. + + Ich ne schal neu{er}e a gynne, + Er ich sodenne wynne. + Kep hire me a stounde, + Þe wille ich he{n}nes founde 1372 + In to myn h{er}itage, + Mid myn hirysce page. + + [Sidenote: [leaf 91]] + Ne shal ich hit ner agynne, + er ich sudenne wynne. + þou kep hyre me a stounde, + þe while þ{a}t ich founde 1372 + In to myn heritage, + wiþ þis yrisshe page. + + Þ{a}t lond i schal ofreche, + And do mi fader wreche. 1376 + I schal beo ki{n}g of tune, + {And} bere ki{n}ges crune. + Þa{n}ne schal Ryme{n}hilde + Ligge bi þe ki{n}ge.” 1380 + + Þat lond ich schal of reche, + And do my fad{er} wreche. 1376 + Ich schal be kyng of tune, + And wite of kynges r[?]owne. + Þenne schal Reymyld þe ȝonge + Lygge{n} by horn þe kynge.” 1380 + + þat lond ichulle þorhreche, + {ant} do mi fader wreche. 1376 + ychul be kyng of toune, + {ant} lerne kynges roune. + þenne shal rymenild þe ȝynge + ligge by horn þe kynge.” 1380 + +[Headnote: _Horn sets sail for Sudenne._] + +[Sidenote: He sets sail with Athulf and his Irish companions, and has a +favouring wind.] + + ¶ Horn gan to schupe draȝe, + Wiþ his yrisse felaȝes. + Aþulf wiþ hi{m} his broþer; + Nolde he no{n} oþer. 1384 + Þ{a}t schup bigan to crude, + Þe wind hi{m} bleu lude. + + Hor gan to schipe ryde, + And hys knyȝtes bi side. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1384 + Here schip gan to croude, + Þe wynd hym bleu wel loude. + + ¶ Horn gan to shipe drawe, + wiþ hyse yrisshe felawe. + Aþulf wiþ hi{m}, his broþer, + he nolde habbe non oþer. 1384 + þe ship by-gan to croude; + þe wynd bleu wel loude. + +[Sidenote: They reach Sudenne within five days.] + + Biþi{n}ne daies fiue + Þ{a}t schup gan ariue, 1388 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Abute middelniȝte. + Horn hi{m} ȝede wel riȝte. 1392 + + Hond{er} sode{n}ne syde + Here schip bi gan to glide, 1388 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Abowte myd niȝte. + Horn hym yede wel ryȝte, 1392 + + wyþ-inne dawes fyue + þe ship began aryue. 1388 + vnder sudennes side + huere ship by-gon to ryde, + aboute þe midnyhte. + horn eode wel rihte; 1392 + +[Headnote: _He finds a knight sleeping by the wayside._] + +[Sidenote: Horn and Athulf land, and find a goodly knight sleeping by +the wayside.] + + He tok aþulf bi ho{n}de, + And vp he ȝede to lo{n}de. + Hi fou{n}de vnder schelde, + A kniȝt he{n}de i{n} felde. 1396 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Þe kniȝt hi{m} aslepe lay + Al biside þe way. 1400 + Horn hi{m} ga{n} to take, + {And} sede, “kniȝt, awake. + + Na{m} ayol on hys honde, + And yeden op hon londe. + Hye found hond{er} schelde, + A knyt liggen i{n} felde. 1396 + Op þe scheld was drawe + A crowch of ih{es}u c{r}i{s}tes lawe. + Þe knyt hy lay on slepe, + [KH-6]In armes wel ymete. 1400 + Horn hym gan take, + And seyde, “knyt, awake. + + [Footnote KH-6: Between vv. 1399 and 1400 stands in the MS. Laud + the incomplete line _Horn hym gan m_, underdotted to indicate that + it is due to a mistake of the scribe.] + + he nom aþulf by honde, + {ant} ede vp to londe. + hue fonden vnder shelde, + a knyht liggynde on felde. 1396 + o þe shelde wes ydrawe + a c{ro}yz of ih{es}u c{ri}stes lawe. + þe knyht hi{m} lay on slape, + in armes wel yshape. 1400 + ¶ Horn him gan ytake, + {ant} seide, “knyht, awake. + +[Sidenote: Horn bids him tell his business, under pain of death.] + + Seie what þu kepest, + {And} whi þu her slepest. 1404 + Me þinkþ, biþine crois liȝte, + Þ{a}t þu lo{n}gest to vre d{ri}ȝte. + Bute þu wule me schewe, + I schal þe to hewe.” 1408 + Þe gode kniȝt vp aros; + Of þe wordes hi{m} gros. + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1404 + Me þynkeþ, by þe crowches lyste, + Þat þou leuest on c{r}iste. + Bote þou hit raþe schewe, + Wyt Mi swerd ich schal þe hewe.” 1408 + Þe gode knyt op aros; + Of hornes wordes hym agros. + + þou sei me whet þou kepest, + {ant} here whi þou slepest! 1404 + me þuncheþ, by crois liste, + þ{a}t þou leuest on c{ri}ste; + bote þou hit wolle shewe, + my suerd shal þe to-hewe.” 1408 + þe gode knyht vp aros; + of hornes wordes hi{m} agros. + +[Headnote: _The knight tells his story._] + +[Sidenote: The knight says that he serves the Saracens against his +will,] + + He sede, “ihc haue, aȝenes my wille, + Payns ful ylle. 1412 + Ihc was c{ri}stene a while, + Þo i com to þis ille + Sarazins blake, + Þ{a}t dude me forsake. 1416 + + He seyde, “hy serue ylle + Paynyms, aȝen My wille. 1412 + Ich was c{r}istene som wyle, + And þo were come i{n}to þis yle + Sarazyns lodlike and blake, + And dide me god forsake. 1416 + + he seide, “ich seruy ille + paynes, toȝeynes mi wille. 1412 + Ich was c{ri}stene sum while; + y come in to þis yle. + Sarazyns loþe {ant} blake + me made ih{es}u forsake, 1416 + +[Sidenote: and tells how the Saracens invaded the land and slew King +Murry.] + + On C{ri}st ihc wolde bileue; + On hi{m} hi makede me reue, + To kepe þis passage + Fra{m} horn þ{a}t is of age, 1420 + Þ{a}t wunieþ bieste, + Kniȝt wiþ þe beste. + Hi sloȝe wiþ here ho{n}de, + Þe ki{n}g of þis lo{n}de, 1424 + + Bi god on wam yleue, + Þo he makede{n} me reue, + To loke þis passage + For horn þat hys of age. 1420 + He woneþ alby weste, + God knyt myd þe beste. + He slow Mid hys honde + Þe kyng of þise londe, 1424 + + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + to loke þis passage + for horn þ{a}t is of age, 1420 + þ{a}t woneþ her by weste, + god knyht mid þe beste. + hue slowe mid huere honde, + þe kyng of þisse londe, 1424 + +[Sidenote: He wonders that Horn does not return to avenge his father’s +death.] + + {And} wiþ him fele hu{n}dred. + {And} þ{er}of is wu{n}der + Þ{a}t he ne comeþ to fiȝte; + God se{n}de hi{m} þe riȝte, 1428 + {And} wi{n}d hi{m} hider driue, + To bri{n}ge he{m} of liue. + Hi sloȝen kyng Murry, + Hornes fader, king hendy. 1432 + Horn hi vt of londe sente; + Tuelf felaȝes wiþ him wente, + + And wyt hym me{n} an hundred. + Þer fore me þinkeþ wond{er} + Þat he comeþ fiȝþcte. + God yeue hym þe miyȝte, 1428 + Þat wynde hym driue + To bringen hem of liue. + He slowen þe kyng mory, + Hornes fad{er} so stordy. 1432 + Horn to wat{er} he sente, + xij children myd hym we{n}te. + + ant wiþ hi{m} mony honder. + þer fore me þuncheþ wonder + þ{a}t he ne comeþ to fyhte; + god ȝeue hi{m} þe myhte, 1428 + þ{a}t wynd hi{m} hider dryue, + to don hem alle of lyue. + ant slowen kyng mury + hornes cunesmon hardy. 1432 + Horn, of londe hue senten; + tuelf children wiþ hi{m} wenten. + +[Headnote: _The knight proves to be Athulf’s father._] + +[Sidenote: He continues to tell how his son, Athulf, is Horn’s faithful +companion.] + + Amo{n}g hem aþulf þe gode, + Min oȝene child, my leue fode. 1436 + Ef horn child is hol and sund, + {And} Aþulf biþute wund, + He luueþ hi{m} so dere, + {And} is him so stere, 1440 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Miȝte iseo{n} he{m} tueie, + For ioie i scholde deie.” 1444 + + Þer mong was ayol þe gode, + Myn owe child, myn owe fode. 1436 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + He louede horn wel derne, + And horn hym also ȝerne. 1440 + Ȝyf horn hys hol and sounde, + Ayol ne tyt no wounde. + Bote ich nou se hem tweye, + I wys ich wolle deye.” 1444 + + wiþ he{m} wes aþulf þe gode, + mi child, myn oune fode. 1436 + ȝef horn is hol ant sounde, + aþulf tit no wounde. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1440 + he louede horn wiþ mihte, + {ant} he hi{m} wiþ ryhte. + ȝef y myhte se hem tueye, + þenne ne rohti forte deye.” 1444 + +[Sidenote: The two make themselves known, and a joyful scene of +recognition follows.] + + ¶ “Kniȝt, beo þa{n}ne bliþe, + Mest of alle siþe. + Horn {and} Aþulf his fere, + Boþe hi be{n} here.” 1448 + To horn he gan gon, + {And} g{re}tte hi{m} anon. + + “Knyt, be swiþe blyþe, + Mest of alle syþe. + Ayol and horn yfere + Boþe he ben here.” 1448 + Þe knyt to hem ga{n} steppe, + And in armes cleppe. + + ¶ “knyht, be þenne blyþe, + mest of alle syþe. + Aþulf, {ant} horn is fere, + boþe-we beþ here.” 1448 + Þe knyht to horn gan skippe, + {ant} in his armes clippe. + + Muche ioie hi makede þere, + Þe while hi togadere were. 1452 + “Childre,” he sede, “hu habbe ȝe fare? + Þ{a}t ihc ȝou seȝ hit is ful ȝare. + Wulle ȝe þis lo{n}de wi{n}ne, + {And} sle þat þ{er}is i{n}ne?” 1456 + + Þe joie þat he made, + Myȝte no ma{n} rede. 1452 + He seyde wit steuene ȝare, + “Children, hou abbe ȝe fare? + Wolle ȝe þis lond wi{n}ne, + And wonye þer inne?” 1456 + + Muche ioye hue maden yfere, + þo hue to gedere y-come were.” 1452 + [Sidenote: [leaf 91, back]] + He saide wiþ steuene þare, + “ȝungemen, hou habbe ȝe ȝore yfare? + wolle ȝe þis lond wynne, + {ant} wonie þer ynne?” 1456 + +[Sidenote: The old knight informs Horn that his mother, the queen +Godhild, still lives.] + + He sede, “leue horn child, + Ȝitt lyueþ þi moder Godhild. + Of ioie heo miste, + If heo þe aliue wiste.” 1460 + + He seyde, “leue horn child, + Ȝet liueþ þy mod{er} godild.” + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1460 + + he seide, “suete horn child, + ȝet lyueþ þy moder godyld. + of ioie hue ne miste, + o lyue ȝef hue þe wiste.” 1460 + +[Sidenote: Horn informs the old knight that he has with him many Irish +companions.] + + ¶ Horn sede o{n} his rime, + “Iblessed beo þe time + I co{m} to sudde{n}ne, + Wiþ mine irisse me{n}ne. 1464 + We schulle þe hu{n}des teche + To speken vre speche. + Alle we he{m} schulle sle, + {And} al q{ui}c hem fle.” 1468 + + Horn seyde on hys rime, + “Hyblessed be þe tyme + Ich am ycome to sode{n}ne, + Wyt Myn hyrysce me{n}ne. 1464 + Þis lond we schollen wi{n}ne + And fle at þat þere ben i{n}ne. + And so we scholen he{m} teche + To speken our{e} speche.” 1468 + + Horn seide on is ryme, + “yblessed be þe time + Icham icome in to sudenne, + wiþ fele yrisshemenne. 1464 + we shule þe houndes kecche, + {ant} to þe deȝe vecche. + ánt so we shulen hem teche + to speken oure speche.” 1468 + +[Headnote: _Horn delivers Sudenne from the Saracens._] + +[Sidenote: Horn blows his horn, and his men arrive;] + + Horn gan his horn to blowe; + His folk hit gan iknowe. + Hi come{n} vt of st{er}e, + Fram hornes ban{er}e. 1472 + + Horn gan hys horn blowe, + Þat hys folc it gan knowe. + He come{n} out of scyp st{er}ne, + To horn ward wel ȝerne. 1472 + + ¶ Horn gon is horn blowe; + is folc hit con yknowe. + hue comen out of hurne, + to horn swyþe ȝurne. 1472 + +[Sidenote: and they attack and slay the Saracens, old and young.] + + Hi sloȝen {and} fuȝte{n}, + Þe niȝt {and} þe vȝten. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1476 + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Þe Sarazi{n}s cu{n}de, + Ne lefde þ{er} no{n} i{n} þe{n}de. 1480 + + He smyten and he fouten, + Þe nyȝt and eke þe ouȝten. + Myd speres hord he stonge, + Þe held and eke þe ȝonge. 1476 + Þat lond he þoru sowte{n}; + To deþe he hus brouten + Sarazines kende, + Þe leuede on þe fende. 1480 + + hue smiten {ant} hue fyhten, + þe niht {ant} eke þe ohtoun. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1476 + þe sarazyns hue slowe, + ant summe quike to drowe. + mid sp{er}es ord hue stonge + þe olde {ant} eke þe ȝonge. 1480 + +[Sidenote: Then Horn causes chapels and churches to be built.] + + Horn let wurche + Chapeles {and} chirche; + + Horn let sone werchen + Chapeles and cherchen; + + ¶ Horn lette sone wurche + boþe chapel {ant} chyrche. + +[Sidenote: Horn causes the bells to be rung and masses to be +celebrated.] + + He let belles ringe, + {And} Masses let singe. 1484 + + Bellen he dide ryngen, + And p{re}stes messe synge{n}. 1484 + + He made belle rynge + ant p{re}stes masse synge. 1484 + +[Sidenote: Then he seeks his mother, and all make merry.] + + He co{m} to his Mod{er} halle, + In a roche walle. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1488 + Corn he let serie, + And makede feste merie. + M{ur}ie lif he wroȝte; + Ryme{n}hild hit dere boȝte. 1492 + + He sowte hys mod{er} ou{er}alle, + Wit i{n}ne eu{er}iche walle.[KH-7] + He custe{n} and hye clete{n}, + And in to halle we{n}ten. 1488 + Croune he go{n}ne{n} werie, + And makede festes merye. + Murye he þere wroute; + Reymyld hyt aboute. 1492 + + [Footnote KH-7: This line repeated in the MS.] + + He sohte is moder halle, + in þe roche walle. + He custe hire ant grette, + ant in to þe castel fette. 1488 + Croune he gan werie, + ant make feste merye. + Murie he þer wrohte, + ah rymenild hit abohte. 1492 + +[Headnote: _Fikenhild builds a strong castle._] + +[Sidenote: In the meantime Fikenhild, by gifts, wins powerful support,] + + ¶ Fikenhild was prut on herte, + {And} þat him dude smerte. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1496 + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Ȝo{n}ge he ȝaf {and} elde, + Mid hi{m} for to helde. 1500 + + Wile þat horn was oute, + Fikenyld ferde aboute. + To wiue he gan hire ȝerne; + Þe kyng ne dorst hi{m} werne. 1496 + Muche was hys prede; + Þe ryche he ȝaf mede, + Ȝonge and eke þe helde, + Þat Mid hym scholde helde. 1500 + + ¶ Þe whiles horn wes oute, + Fikenild ferde aboute. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1496 + þe betere forte spede, + þe riche he ȝef mede, + boþe ȝonge ant olde, + wiþ him forte holde. 1500 + +[Sidenote: and builds a castle entirely surrounded by the water.] + + Ston he dude lede, + Þ{er} he hopede spede. + St{ro}ng castel he let sette, + Mid see hi{m} biflette. 1504 + Þ{er} ne miȝte liȝte + Bute foȝel wiþ fliȝte; + Bute wha{n}ne þe see wiþ droȝe, + Miȝte come men ynoȝe. 1508 + + Ston he dede lede, + And hym þerto he made. + A kastel he dude feste + Wit wat{er} alby sette. 1504 + Miȝt no ma{n} hon on legge, + By paþe ne by brigge; + Bote wan þe wit drowe, + Þer mu{n}the come. 1508 + + Ston he dude lade, + ant lym þerto he made. + Castel he made sette, + wiþ water by flette. 1504 + Þ{a}t þer yn come ne myhte + bote foul wiþ flyhte; + bote when þe see wiþ-drowe, + þer mihte come ynowe. 1508 + +[Sidenote: Fikenhild then plots to wed Rymenhild, and sets the day for +the wedding.] + + Fikenhild gan we{n}de + Ryme{n}hild to sche{n}de. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1512 + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1516 + + Þis fykenild ga{n}to we{n}de[KH-8] + Reynyld for to wende. + Þe day by ga{n} to wexe, + Þat hem was by twexe. 1512 + Fekenyld, her þe day gan sp{r}inge, + Ferde to aylm{er} þe kynge, + Aft{er} reynyld þe bryȝte, + And spousede hire by niȝte. 1516 + + [Footnote KH-8: Written wē{n}de] + + þ{us} fykenild gon by-wende + Rymenild forte shende. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1512 + to wyue he gan hire ȝerne; + þe kyng ne durst hi{m} werne. + ant habbeþ set þe day, + Fykenild to wedde þe may. 1516 + +[Sidenote: Rymenhild weeps tears of blood.] + + To woȝe he gan hure ȝerne; + Þe kyng ne dorste him werne. + Ryme{n}hild was ful of mode; + He wep teres of blode. 1520 + + He ledde hyre hom i{n} derke, + To his newe werke. + Þe festes he by go{n}ne, + Her{e} aryse þe so{n}ne. 1520 + + wo was rymenild of mode; + terres hue wepte of blode. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Headnote: _Horn dreams of danger to Rymenhild._] + +[Sidenote: Horn dreams that Rymenhild is shipwrecked, that she tries to +swim to land, but that Fikenhild prevents her with his sword hilt.] + + Þ{a}t niȝt horn gan swete, + And heuie for to mete + Of Rymenhild his make, + Into schupe was itake. 1524 + Þe schup bigan to blenche; + His le{m}man scholde adrenche. + + Þat nyȝt gan horn swete, + And harde forto mete + Of Reymyld hys make, + Þat i{n} to schype was take. 1524 + Þat schip scholde on hire blenche; + Hys lema{n} scholde adrenche. + + þilke nyht horn suete + con wel harde mete + of rymenild his make, + þ{a}t in to shipe wes take. 1524 + þe ship gon ouerblenche; + is lemmon shulde adrenche. + + Ryme{n}hild wiþ hire honde + Wolde vp to londe. 1528 + Fikenhild aȝen hire pelte + Wiþ his swerdes hilte. + + Reymyld wit hire honde + Wolde sue{m}me to londe. 1528 + Fykenyld hire ȝen pulte + Wit his sword hylte. + + ¶ Rymenild mid hire honde, + swymme wolde to londe. 1528 + Fykenild aȝeyn hire pylte, + mid his suerdes hylte. + +[Sidenote: Horn awakes, and tells Athulf his dream.] + + ¶ Horn him wok of slape, + So a man þ{a}t hadde rape. 1532 + “Aþulf,” he sede, “felaȝe, + To schupe we mote draȝe. + Fikenhild me haþ idon vnder, + {And} Rymenhild to do wunder. 1536 + Crist, for his wu{n}des fiue, + To niȝt me þuder driue.” + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + “Ayol,” qwat horn, “trewe felawe, + Into schip go{n}ne we drawe. + Fykenyld haueþ gon ond{er}, + And don Reynyld som wond{er}. 1536 + God, for his wordes fiue, + To nyȝt us þyder driue.” + + Horn awek in is bed; + of his lemmon he wes adred. 1532 + “Aþulf,” he seide, “felawe, + to shipe nou we drawe. + Fykenild me haþ gon vnder, + ant do rymenild sum wonder. 1536 + Crist, for his wondes fyue, + to nyht þider vs dryue!” + +[Headnote: _Horn sets out to the rescue of Rymenhild._] + +[Sidenote: He immediately sets sail, with a good wind.] + + Horn gan to schupe Ride, + His fere{n} him biside. 1540 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Fikenhild, or þe dai gan sp{ri}nge, + Al riȝt he ferde to þe kinge, 1544 + + Horn ga{n} to Scype Ride, + And his knyȝtes by side. 1540 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1544 + + [Sidenote: [leaf 92]] + ¶ Horn gon to shipe ride, + his knyhtes bi his side. 1540 + þe ship bigon to sture, + wiþ wynd god of cure. + ant fykenild her þe day sp{ri}nge, + seide to þe kynge, 1544 + +[Sidenote: Fikenhild espouses Rymenhild by night, and leads her to his +castle.] + + Aft{er} Rymenhild þe briȝte, + To wedden hire biniȝte. + He ladde hure bi þe derke, + Into his nywe werke. 1548 + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1548 + + After rymenild þe brhyte, + ant spousede hyre by nyhte. + he ladde hire by derke, + in to is newe werke. 1548 + +[Sidenote: They begin the feast before sunrise.] + + Þe feste hi bigu{n}ne, + Er þ{a}t ros þe su{n}ne. + Er þane horn hit wiste, + To fore þe su{n}ne vpriste. 1552 + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Here schip biga{n} to terne + By þe wat{er}es sterne. 1552 + + þe feste hue bigonne, + er þen aryse þe sonne. + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + +[Sidenote: Horn’s ship arrives under the castle.] + + His schup stod vnder ture, + At Rymenhilde bure. + + Hys schip stod i{n} store, + Hond{er} fikenildes bour{e}. + + Hornes ship atstod in stoure, + vnder fykenildes boure. + +[Sidenote: Horn does not recognize the new castle, but meets Arnoldin, +who is awaiting him,] + + Rymenhild, litel weneþ heo + Þ{a}t Horn þa{n}ne aliue beo. 1556 + Þe castel þei ne knewe, + For he was so nywe. + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Horn fond sittinde Arnoldin, + Þ{a}t was Aþulfes cosin, + Þ{a}t þ{er} was in þ{a}t tide, + Horn for tabide. 1564 + + Ne wiste horn on liue + Whar he was a Ryue. 1556 + Þe kestel he ne knewe, + For he was so newe. + Þe sond by gan to drye, + And hyt hym makede weye. 1560 + He fond stonde arnoldyn, + Þat was ayolles cosyn, + Þat was þere in tyde, + Horn for to abyde. 1564 + + Nuste horn a-lyue + wher he wes aryue. 1556 + þene castel hue ne knewe, + for he was so newe. + þe see bigon to wiþ drawe; + þo seh horn his felawe, 1560 + þe feyre knyht arnoldyn, + þ{a}t wes aþulfes cosyn, + þat þer set in þat tyde, + kyng horn to abide. 1564 + +[Headnote: _Arnoldin explains the situation to Horn._] + +[Sidenote: and who tells him that Fikenhild that day has wedded +Rymenhild.] + + “Horn kniȝt,” he sede, “kinges sone, + Wel beo þu to londe icome. + Today haþ y wedde fikenhild, + Þi swete le{m}man, Rymenhild. 1568 + Ne schal i þe lie; + He haþ giled þe twie. + + He seyde, “horn, kynges sone, + Wel be þou her{e} to londe come. + Nou hat wedded fikenyld + Þy nowe lemma{n}, Reymyld. 1568 + Nele ich þe nowt lye; + He haueþ þe gyled twye. + + he seide, “kyng horn, kyngessone, + hider þou art welcome. + to day haþ sire Fykenild + yweddeþ þi wif, rymenild. 1568 + white þe nou þis while; + he haueþ do þe gyle. + + Þis tur he let make + Al for þine sake. 1572 + Ne mai þ{er} come i{n}ne + Noma{n} wiþ none gi{n}ne. + Horn, nu crist þe wisse, + Of Rymenhild þ{a}t þu ne misse.” 1576 + + Þis castel he dude make + For Reymyldes sake. 1572 + Þer may mo man on legge, + By paþe neby brigge. + Horn, nou c{r}ist þe wisse, + Of Reymyld þat þou ne misse.” 1576 + + þis tour he dude make + al for rymenildes sake. 1572 + ne may þer comen ynne + no mon wiþ no gynne. + ¶ Horn, nou c{ri}st þe wisse, + rymenild þ{a}t þou ne misse.” 1576 + +[Headnote: _Horn enters the castle, disguised as a harper._] + +[Sidenote: Horn, and some companions, disguise themselves as harpers, +hiding their swords under their garments.] + + ¶ Horn cuþe al þe liste + Þ{a}t eni man of wiste. + Harpe he gan schewe, + {And} tok felaȝes fewe, 1580 + Of kniȝtes suiþe snelle, + Þ{a}t schrudde he{m} at wille. + + Horn her kenede al þe lyste + Þat any ma{n} of wiste. + To herpe he gan drawe, + And wyȝt hys tweye felawe, 1580 + Knyȝtes swyþe felle, + And schurde hem in pelle. + + Horn couþe alle þe listes + þ{a}t eni mon of wiste. + harpe he gon shewe, + ant toc[KH-9] him to felawe, 1580 + knyhtes of þe beste + þ{a}t he euer hede of weste. + + [Footnote KH-9: MS. tot] + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Hi ȝeden bi þe grauel, + Toward þe castel. + Hi gu{n}ne m{ur}ie singe, + And makede here gleowinge. 1588 + + Wyt swerdes he hem gyrte + Anouen here schirte. 1584 + He wenden on þe g{ra}uel + Toward þe castel. + He go{n}ne murye synge, + And makede here glewinge. 1588 + + ouen o þe sherte + hue gurden huem wiþ suerde. 1584 + hue eoden on þe g{ra}uele, + towart þe castele. + hue gonne murie singe, + {ant} makeden huere gleynge, 1588 + +[Sidenote: Fikenhild hears their singing, and bids bring them in.] + + ¶ Rymenhild hit gan ihere, + {And} axede what hi were. + Hi sede hi weren harpurs, + {And} sume were gigours. 1592 + He dude horn in late, + Riȝt at halle gate. + He sette hi{m} on þe benche, + His harpe for to clenche. 1596 + + Þat fykenyld myȝt yhere; + Hearkede wat hye were. + Men seyde hyt harperes, + Iogelours and fiþeleres. 1592 + He dude hem in lete; + At halle dore he sete. + Horn set on þe benche; + Hys harpe he gan clenche. 1596 + + þ{a}t fykenild mihte y-here; + he axede who hit were. + men seide hit were harpeirs, + iogelers ant fyþelers. 1592 + hem me dude in lete; + at halle dore hue sete. + horn sette hi{m} a benche; + is harpe he gan clenche. 1596 + +[Sidenote: Horn makes a lay to Rymenhild, and she falls in a swoon.] + + He makede Rymenhilde lay, + {And} heo makede walaway. + Rymenhild feol yswoȝe; + Ne was þ{er} non þ{a}t louȝe. 1600 + Hit smot to hornes herte + So bit{er}e þ{a}t hit sm{er}te. + + He makede Reymyld a lay, + And reynyld makede weylawey. + Reymyld fel yswowe; + Þo was þer non þat lowe. 1600 + Hyt ȝede to hornes herte; + Sore hym gan smerte. + + he made rymenild a lay, + ant hue seide weylawey. + ¶ Rymenild fel y swowe; + þo nes þer non þ{a}t lowe. 1600 + hit smot horn to herte; + sore con hi{m} smerte. + +[Sidenote: Horn looks on his ring and thinks of Rymenhild, then with his +good sword slays Fikenhild and all his men.] + + He lokede on þe ringe, + {And} þoȝte on Ryme{n}hilde. 1604 + He ȝede vp to borde, + Wiþ gode suerdes orde. + Fike{n}hildes c{ru}ne + Þer ifulde adune, 1608 + {And} al his me{n} arowe + Hi dude adun þrowe! + + Hey lokede on hys gode Ryng, + And Reymyld þe ȝonge. 1604 + Hey ȝede op to borde, + Mid hys gode swerde. + Fykenyldes crowne + He leyde þere adowne; 1608 + And alle hys men arewe + He dide adoun þrewe. + + he lokede on is rynge, + ant o rymenild þe ȝynge. 1604 + he eode vp to borde, + mid his gode suorde. + Fykenildes croune + he fel þer adoune; 1608 + ant alle is men arowe + he dude adoun þrowe. + +[Headnote: _Horn slays Fikenhild, and makes Arnoldyn king._] + +[Sidenote: He makes Arnoldin king there, after Aylmer,] + + Wha{n}ne hi were{n} aslaȝe, + Fike{n}hild hi dude to d{ra}ȝe. 1612 + Horn makede Arnoldin þare + Ki{n}g, aft{er} ki{n}g Aylmare, + Of al west{er}nesse, + For his meoknesse. 1616 + Þe ki{n}g {and} his homage + Ȝeue{n} Arnoldin t{re}wage. + + Þo he weren alle yslawe, + Fykenyld he dide to drawe. 1612 + He makede arnoldyn kyng þer{e}, + Aft{er} þe kyng aylm{er}e, + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Þe knytes and þe barnage + Dude hym alle utrage. 1616 + + [_No gap in MS._ . . + . . . . . . . . . .] 1612 + ant made arnoldyn kyng þere, + after kyng aylmere, + to be kyng of westnesse, + for his mildenesse. 1616 + þe kyng ant is baronage + ȝeuen him t{ru}age. + +[Sidenote: and taking with him Athulf and Rymenhild, sets out for King +Modi’s kingdom.] + + ¶ Horn tok Rymenhild bi þe honde, + {And} ladde hure to þe stronde, 1620 + {And} ladde wiþ him Aþelbrus, + Þe gode stuard of his hus. + Þe se biga{n} to flowe, + {And} horn gan to Rowe. 1624 + + Horn tok rymyld by þe hond, + And ledde hire by þe se strond. 1620 + He tok hym syre aylbrous, + Stiward of þe kynges hous. + He riuede in a reaume, + In a wel fayr streume, 1624 + + ¶ Horn toc rymenild by honde, + ant ladde hire to st{r}onde, + Ant toc wiþ hi{m} Aþelbrus, + þe gode stiward of hire fader hous. 1620 + [Sidenote: [leaf 92, back]] + þe see bigan to flowen, + ant hy faste to rowen. + hue aryueden vnder reme, + in a wel feyr streme. 1624 + +[Sidenote: Horn slays King Modi, and makes Athelbrus king in his place.] + + Hi gu{n}ne for ariue + Þ{er} ki{n}g modi was sire. + Aþelfr{us} he makede þ{er} ki{n}g, + For his gode techi{n}g. 1628 + He ȝaf alle þe kniȝtes ore, + For horn kniȝtes lore. + + Þer kyng mody was syre, + Þat horn slow wyt yre. + Aybrous he makede þer kyng, + For hys gode tydyng; 1628 + For syre hornes lore, + He was kyng þore. + + kyng Mody wes kyng in þat lond; + þ{a}t horn sloh wiþ is hond. + Aþelbrus he made þer kyng, + for his gode techyng; 1628 + for sire hornes lore + he wes mad kyng þore. + +[Headnote: _Athulf weds Reynild, and Horn marries Rymenhild._] + +[Sidenote: He then proceeds to Ireland, and causes Athulf to marry the +princess Reynild.] + + Horn ga{n} for to ride; + Þe wi{n}d hi{m} bleu wel wide. 1632 + He ariuede in yrlo{n}de, + Þ{er} he wo fo{n}dede. + Þ{er} he dude Aþulf child + Wedde{n} maide Reynild. 1636 + + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Horn ariuede in hyre londe, + Þer he hadde woned so longe. + Þer he dude ayol childe + Wedden mayden h{er}menylde. 1636 + + ¶ Horn eode to ryue; + þe wynd hi{m} con wel dryue. 1632 + he aryuede in yrlonde, + þer horn wo couþe er fonde. + He made þer Aþulf chyld + wedde mayden ermenyld, 1636 + +[Sidenote: Then he returns to Sudenne, and makes Rymenhild his queen.] + + Horn co{m} to sudde{n}ne, + Amo{n}g al his kenne. + Ryme{n}hild he makede his quene, + So hit miȝte wel beon. 1640 + + Horn wente to sodenne, + To hys owe kunne. + Reymyld he makede quene, + So ich Miyȝte wel bene. 1640 + + ant horn com to sudenne, + to is oune kenne. + Rymenild he made þer is quene, + so hit myhte bene. 1640 + +[Sidenote: They live in true love, and cherish God’s law. ‘Nu ben hi +boþe dede.’] + + Alfolk he{m} miȝte rewe, + Þat louede{n} he{m} so t{re}we; + Nu be{n} hi boþe dede; + Crist to heuene he{m} lede. 1644 + Her endeþ þe tale of horn + Þ{a}t fair was {and} noȝt vnorn. + Make we vs glade Eure among, + For þus him endeþ hornes song. 1648 + Jesus þ{a}t is of heuene king, + Ȝeue vs alle his suete blessi{n}g. + EX--PLI--CIT. Amen. + + Alle folc hyt knewe + Þat he hem louede trewe. + Nou ben he alle dede; + God hem to heuene lede. 1644 + [_No gap in MS._ . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . 1648 + . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . .] + Am . . . e . . . n. + + In trewe loue hue lyueden ay, + ant wel hue loueden godes lay. + Nou hue beoþ boþe dede, + c{ri}st to heouene vs lede. AmeN! 1644 + + + + +FLORIS AND BLAUNCHEFLUR. + + [Transcriber’s Note: + In the Trentham MS., spelling is normally “þ{o}u”, rarely “þow”. + Any variations are as printed.] + + + _Trentham MS., fol. 98 a; vellum, c. 1440: beginning lost. Headlines + ‘Florence and Blanchefloure.’_ + + Ne thurst men[FB-1] neu{er} in londe + After feirer Children fonde. + Þe Cristen woma{n} fedde hem þoo, + Ful wel she louyd hem boþ twoo. 4 + So longe sche fedde hem in feere + þat þey were of elde of seuen ȝere. + Þe kyng behelde his sone dere, + And seyde to him on this manere, 8 + Þat harme it were muche more + But his son{e} were sette to lore + On þe book~ letters to know, + As men don{e}, both hye and lowe. 12 + “Feire sone,” she seide, “þ{o}u shalt lerne, + Lo þ{a}t þ{o}u do ful ȝerne.” + Florys answerd w{i}t{h} wepyng, + As he stood byfore þe kyng~; 16 + Al wepyng~ seide he, + + [Footnote FB-1: first ‘mey,’ then alterd] + +[Sidenote: Floris says that he cannot learn unless Blauncheflur is with +him.] + + “Ne schal not Blancheflo{ur} lerne w{i}t{h} me? + Ne can y noȝt to scole goon{e} + W{i}t{h}-out Blanchefloure,” he seide þan{e}. 20 + “Ne can y in no scole syng~ ne rede + W{i}t{h}-out Blancheflo{ur},” he seide. + Þe king~ seide to his soon{e}, + “She shal lerne for þy loue.” 24 + +[Sidenote: The two are put to school together, and make good progress.] + + To scole þey were put; + Boþ þey were good of~ wytte. + Wonder it was of~ hur lore, + And of~ her loue wel þe more. 28 + Þe Children louyd to-geder soo, + Þey myȝt neu{er} p{ar}te a twoo. + When þey had .v. ȝere to scoole goon{e} + So wel þey had lerned þoo, 32 + Inowȝ þey couþ of latyne, + And wel wryte on p{ar}chemyn{e}. + Þe kyng~ vnderstod þe grete Amoure + Bytwene his son{e} and Blanchefloure, 36 + And þouȝt when þey were of Age + Þat her loue wolde noȝt swage; + Nor he myȝt noȝt her loue w{i}t{h}drawe + When Florys shuld~ wyfe after þe lawe. 40 + [Sidenote: [98 _b_]] + Þe king~ to þe Queene seide þoo, + And tolde hur of~ his woo, + Off~ his þouȝt and of his care, + How it wolde of~ Floreys fare. 44 + +[Sidenote: The king begins to devise to separate the two, and proposes +to put the maiden to death.] + + “Dame,” he seide, “y tel þe my reed{e}, + I wyl þat Blaunchefloure be do to deed{e}. + When þat maide is y-slawe, + And brouȝt of her lyf~ dawe, 48 + As sone as Florys may it vnder ȝete, + Rathe he wylle hur forȝete. + Þan may he wyfe after reed{e}.” + Þe Queene answerde þen and seid{e}, 52 + And þouȝt w{i}t{h} hur reed{e} + Saue þe mayde fro þe deed{e}. + “Sir,” she seide, “we auȝt to fond{e} + Þat Florens lyf~ wit menske in lond{e}, 56 + And þat he lese not his hono{u}r + For þe mayden Blauncheflo{u}r. + Who so myȝt þat mayde clene, + Þat she were brouȝt to deþ bydene, 60 + Hit were muche more hono{u}r + Þan slee þ{a}t mayde Blancheflo{u}r.” + Vnneþes þe king~ g[{r}a]unt þ{a}t it be soo. + “Dame, rede vs what is to doo.” 64 + +[Headnote: _Floris is sent to Mountargis to school._] + +[Sidenote: The queen suggests that Floris be sent away.] + + “Sir, we shul oure soon{e} Florys + Sende into þe londe of Mountargis. + Blythe wyl my suster be + Þat is lady of~ þat Contree. 68 + And when she woot for whoom~ + Þ{a}t we have sent him vs froom~, + She wyl doo al hur myȝt, + Boþ by day and by nyȝt, 72 + To make hur loue so vndoo + As it had neu{er} ben soo. + And, s{ir},” she seide, “y rede eke + Þat þe maydens moder make hur seek~. 76 + Þat may be þat other resoun~ + For þat ylk~ enchesou{n}, + Þat she may not fro hur moder goo.” + Now ben þese Children swyþ woo, 80 + [Sidenote: [99 _a_]] + Now þey may not goo in fere + Drewryer þinges neu{er} noon{e} were. + Florys wept byfore þe kyng~, + And seide, “S{ir}, w{i}t{h}-out lesyng~, 84 + For my harme out ȝe me sende, + Now she ne myȝt w{i}t{h} me wende. + Now we ne mot to-geder goo, + Al my wele is turned to woo.” 88 + Þe king~ seide to his soon{e} aplyȝt, + “Sone, w{i}t{h}ynne þis fourtenyȝt, + Be her moder quykke or deed{e},” + “Sekerly,” he him seide, 92 + “Þat mayde shal com{e} þe too.” + +[Sidenote: Floris is sent to his aunt at Mountargis, with the promise +that Blauncheflur shall follow within fourteen days.] + + “Ȝe, s{ir},” he seid, “y p{ra}y ȝow it be soo. + Ȝif þat ȝe me hur sende, + I rekke neu{er} wheder y wende.” 96 + Þat þe Child~ g{ra}unted þe kyng~ was fayn{e}, + And him betauȝt his Chamburlayn{e}. + W{i}t{h} muche honoure þey þeder coom{e}, + As fel to a ryche kynges soon{e}. 100 + Wel feire him receyuyd þe Duke Orgas, + Þat king~ of þ{a}t Castel was, + And his Aunt wiþ muche hono{u}r; + But euer he þouȝt on Blanchefloure. 104 + Glad and blythe þey ben him withe; + But for no ioy þ{a}t he seith, + Ne myȝt him glade game ne gle, + For he myȝt not his lyf~ see. 108 + His Aunt set him to lore + Þere as other Children wore, + Boþ maydons and grom{e}; + To lerne mony þeder coom{e}. 112 + Inowȝ he sykes, but noȝt he lernes; + For Blauncheflo{ur} eu{er} he mornes. + Yf~ enyman to him speke + Loue is on his hert steke. 116 + Loue is at his hert roote + Þ{a}t no þing~ is so soote: + Galyngale ne lycorys + [Sidenote: [99 _b_]] + Is not so soote as hur loue is, 120 + Ne nothing~ ne non{e} other. + So much he þenkeþ on Blancheflo{ur}, + Of~ oo day him þynkeþ þre, + For he ne may his loue see. 124 + +[Headnote: _The King proposes to put Blauncheflur to death._] + +[Sidenote: He grieves until the fourteen days are past.] + + Þus he abydeth w{i}t{h} muche woo + Tyl þe fourtenyȝt were goo. + When he saw she was nouȝt ycoom{e}, + So muche sorow he haþ noom{e}, 128 + Þ{a}t he loueth mete ne drynke, + Ne may noon{e} in his body synke. + +[Sidenote: The chamberlain reports Floris’s sorrow to the king.] + + Þe Chamberleyn{e} sent þe king~ to wete, + His sones state al y-wrete. 132 + +[Sidenote: The king is very angry, and again proposes to put +Blauncheflur to death.] + + Þe king~ ful sone þe waxe to-brake, + For to wete what it spake: + He begynneth to chaunge his mood{e}, + And wel sone he vnderstode, 136 + And w{i}t{h} wreth he cleped þe Queene, + And tolde hur alle his teene, + And w{i}t{h} wraþ spake and sayde, + “Let do bryng~ forþ þ{a}t mayde! 140 + Fro þe body þe heued shal goo.” + Þenne was þe Quene ful woo. + Þan spake þe Quene, þ{a}t good lady, + +[Sidenote: The queen proposes, instead, to sell the maiden.] + + “For goddes love, s{ir}, mercy. 144 + At þe next hauen þ{a}t here is, + Þ{er} ben chapmen ryche y-wys, + Marchaundes of~ babyloyn{e} ful ryche, + Þat wol hur bye blethelyche. 148 + Than may ȝe for þ{a}t louely foode + Haue muche Catełł and goode. + And soo she may fro vs be brouȝt, + Soo þat we slee hur nouȝt.” 152 + Vnneþes þe king~ g{ra}unted þis; + But forsoþ so it is, + Þe king~ let sende after þe burgeise, + Þ{a}t was hende and Curtayse, 156 + And welle selle and bygge couth, + And moony langages had in his mouth. + +[Sidenote: This is done, and for the maiden they receive among other +things a magnificent cup with a romantic history.] + + Wel sone þat mayde was him betauȝt; + An to þe hauen{e} was she brouȝt. 160 + [Sidenote: [100 _a_]] + Þer haue þey for þ{a}t maide ȝolde + xx. Mark~ of reed golde, + And a Coupe good and ryche, + In al þe world~ was non{e} it lyche. 164 + Þ{er} was neu{er} noon{e} so wel graue; + He þ{a}t it made was no knave. + Þ{er} was purtrayd on, y weene, + How P{ar}yse ledde awey þe Queene; 168 + And on þe Cou{er}cle a-boue + Purtrayde was þ{er} both her love; + And in þe Pomel þ{er}on{e} + Stood a Charbuncle stoon{e}. 172 + In þe world~ was not so depe soler, + Þat it nold~ lyȝt þe Botelere, + To fylle boþ ale and wyne, + Of syluer and g{o}ld{e} boþ good and fyne. 176 + Enneas þe king~, þat nobel man, + At Troye in batayle he it wan, + And brouȝt it in-to Lumbardy, + And gaf~ it his le{m}man, his Amy. 180 + Þe Coupe was stoole fro king~ Cesar; + A þeef~ out of his tresour hous it bar. + And sethe þ{a}t ilke same þeef~ + For Blaunchefloure he it ȝeef~. 184 + For he wyst to wynne suche þree, + Myȝt he hur bryng~ to his contree. + Now þese Marchaundes saylen ou{er} þe see, + W{i}t{h} þis mayde, to her contree. 188 + So longe þey han vndernome, + +[Headnote: _Blauncheflur is sold and carried to Babylon._] + +[Sidenote: Blauncheflur is taken to Babylon and sold to the Admiral.] + + Þ{a}t to Babyloyn{e} þey ben coom{e}. + To þe Amyral of~ Babyloyn{e} + Þey solde þat mayde swythe soon{e}; 192 + Rath and soone þey were at oon{e}. + Þe Amyral hur bouȝt Anoon{e}, + And gafe for hur, as she stood vpryȝt, + Seuyn{e} sythes of~ gold{e} her wyȝt, 196 + For he þouȝt w{i}t{h}out~ weene + Þat faire mayde haue to Queene; + Among~ his maydons in his bo{ur} + He hur dide w{i}t{h} muche hono{ur}. 200 + + _MS. Cott. Vitell. D. III., 6 a, col. 1._ + + _The 3 leaves of this MS. are burnt and shrunk, and are hardly + legible._ + + . . . . . [FB-2]so dere (196) + . . . . wiþ þoute wene. + . . þat maide to his quene. + . his maidenes vp in is tur, 4 + . hire wiþ muchel honur (200) + + [Footnote FB-2: _MS. note._ See Introduction; also _Floris et + Blanch._, Paris 1856, p. 28, l. 673.] + + Now þese merchaundes þ{a}t may belete, + [Sidenote: [100 _b_]] + And ben glad of~ hur byȝete. + ++nOw let we of Blauncheflo{ur} be, + And speke of Florys in his contree. 204 + Now is þe Bu[r]gays to þe king~ coom{e} + W{i}t{h} þe gold{e} and his garyson{e}, + And haþ take þe king~ to wolde, + Þe seluer and þe Coupe of golde. 208 + + . . marchans þis maide forlete, + . . . bliþe mid here by-ȝete. + . . . . we blancheflur be. 8 + . . floires in his cu{n}tre. (204) + . burgeys to þe king icome. + . . . gold {and} þisse garisome. + . . . þan king i ȝolde. 12 + . . þo cupe of golde. (208) + +[Sidenote: The king and queen cause to be made a supposititious tomb for +Blauncheflur.] + + They lete make in a Chirche + As swithe feire g{ra}ue wyrche. + And lete ley þ{er}-vppon{e} + A new feire peynted stone, 212 + W{i}t{h} letters al aboute wryte + W{i}t{h} ful muche worshipp{e}. + Who-so couth þe letters rede, + Þus þey spoken, and þus þey seide: 216 + “Here lyth swete Blaunchefloure + Þat Florys louyd P{ar}amoure.” + Now Florys haþ vndernome, + + . . . let at one chiriche. + . . . . les wereche, + . . . [þ]at anouen . . 16 + . . pointe stonde (212) + . . . . bi write. + . . . . . hele worþsipe + . . . þe lett{er}s rede. 20 + . . . . . . . . . (216) + . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . + . . [h]aueþ vnder-nome 24 + +[Headnote: _Floris returns and inquires for Blauncheflur. ‘She is +dead.’_] + +[Sidenote: Floris returns, and asks his father and mother for +Blauncheflur in vain.] + + And to his Fader he is coome. 220 + In his Fader halle he is lyȝt, + His Fader him grette anoon{e} ryȝt, + And his moder, þe Queene, also, + But vnneþes myȝt he þ{a}t doo, 224 + Þat he ne asked where his Le{m}man bee; + Nonskyns answere chargeþ hee. + So longe he is forth noom{e}, + In to Chamber he is coom{e}. 228 + + . . faderlonde he is icome (220) + . . . halle he is alyȝt + . . . . he grette anonryȝt + . . þe quene he grette also 28 + . . . haueþ his greti{n}ge ido, (224) + . . . askeþ war þ{a}t maide beo + . . . were no{u} targeþ heo. + . . . res hit haueþ vnder nome 32 + . . boure & a is icome (228) + +[Sidenote: He then asks the girl’s mother.] + + Þe maydenys moder he asked ryȝt, + “Where is Blauncheflo{ur}, my swete wyȝt?” + “Sir,” she seide, “forsothe ywys, + I ne woot where she is.” 232 + She beþouȝt hur on þ{a}t lesyng~ + Þat was ordeyned byfoore þe king~. + “Þ{o}u gabbest me,” he seyde þoo, + “Þy gabbyng~ doþ me muche woo. 236 + Tel me where my leman be.” + Al wepyng~ seide þenne shee, + + . . . to hire ano{n}riȝt + . [bl]ancheflur mi suete wiȝt + . . . . . . ful iwis 36 + . . . . . war heo is (232) + [Sidenote: [_leaf 6, col. 2_]] + Þine gabbinge deþ me wo; + Tel me war my le{m}mon beo. + Al wepinge onsuerede heo, 40 + +[Sidenote: The mother at length tells Floris that Blauncheflur is dead.] + + “Sir,” shee seide, “deed{e}.” “deed!” seide he. + “Sir,” sche seide, “for sothe, ȝee.” 240 + “Allas, when died þ{a}t swete wyȝt?” + [Sidenote: [101 _a_]] + “Sir, w{i}t{h}ynne þis Fourtenyȝt + Þe erth was leide hur aboute, + And deed she was for thy loue.” 244 + + “Sire,” heo seyde, “ded.” “ded!” quad he. + “Sire,” heo seyde, “for soþe ȝe, + Alas, wenne deide my suete wyȝt?” + “Sire,” heo seyde, “wiþ inne þis seueniȝt 44 + Þat vrþe hire was leyd aboue, + And ded heo is for þine loue. + +[Sidenote: Floris swoons.] + + Flores, þat was so feire and gent, + Sownyd þ{er}e verament. + Þe cristen woman began to crye + To ih{es}u crist and seynt Marye. 248 + Þe king~ and þe queene herde þ{a}t crye; + In to þe Chamber þey ronne on hye. + And þe Queene herde her byforn{e} + On sowne þe Childe þat she had born{e}. 252 + + Floyres þat was so fayr {and} ge{n}t, + He fel iswoue vp on þe paueme{n}t. 48 + And þe cristene wi{m}mon go{n} to crie + To crist {and} to sey{n}temarie. + Þe king & þe quene iherdde þ{a}t cri; + In to þe bure þo vrne hy. 52 + And þe quene ate frome + By wepeþ hire dere sone. + + Þe kinges hert was al in care, + Þat sawe his son{e} for loue so fare. + When he a-wooke and speke moȝt, + Sore he wept and sore he syȝt, 256 + And seide to his moder ywys, + “Lede me þ{er}e þat mayde is.” + + {And} þe kinges herte is ful of care + Þat he sikþ is sone vor loue so fare. 56 + Anon he of swoninge awok {and} speke miste. + Sore he wep {and} sore he syȝte, + And on his moder he by siþt. + “Dame,” he sayde, “led me þar þ{a}t mayde lyþ.” 60 + +[Sidenote: His mother comes to him, and conducts him to the +supposititious tomb.] + + Þeder þey him brouȝt on hyȝe; + For care and sorow he wold{e} dyȝe. 260 + As sone as he to þe graue com, + Sone þ{er}e behelde he þen, + + Þider heo hine broute wel suþe, + Vor care a[n]d sorwe of hire deþe. + Ano{n} þ{a}t he to þe burles com, + Wel ȝerne he bi-hul þer-on, 64 + +[Headnote: _Floris reads the inscription on the monument, and swoons._] + +[Sidenote: Floris reads the inscription, and then swoons three times.] + + And þe letters began to rede, + Þat þus speke and þus seide: 264 + “Here lytħ swete Blauncheflo{ur}, + Þat Florys louyd p{ar}amoure.” + Þre sithes Florys sownydde nouth; + Ne speke he myȝt not w{i}t{h} mouth. 268 + As sone as he awoke and speke myȝt, + Sore he wept and sore he syȝt~. + + And letteres bigon to rede. + Þus spek {and} þus sede + Þat þar lay suete blancheflur. + [Þat] floyres louede par amur. 68 + Þ . . . . swouneþ nouþe + [[empty line]] + And asone ase he speke myȝte. + Sore he wep {and} sore he syȝte, + And gon blancheflur bi mene 72 + Wit teres riue ase a sc{ur} of r[e]ne. + +[Sidenote: Floris weeps and sighs, and laments Blauncheflur’s death.] + + “Blauncheflo{ur}!” he seide, “Blauncheflo{ur}!” + So swete a þing was neu{er} in boure. 272 + Of Blauncheflo{ur} is þat y meene, + For she was com{e} of~ good kyn{e}. + + “Blancheflur,” he seide, “blancheflur, + So sute þing nas ner in bur, + [Sidenote: [_leaf 6, back_]] + Vor þou were ibore of gode cu{n}ne, 76 + Vor in worle nes nere non + Þine imake of no wimmon. + Inouȝ þou cuþest of clergie + And of alle curteysie. 80 + + Lytel and muche loueden þe + For þy goodnesse and þy beaute. 276 + Ȝif deþ were dalt aryȝt, + We shuld be deed boþ on oo nyȝt. + On oo day born{e} we were; + We shul be ded boþ in feere.” 280 + + & muchel {and} litel hit louede þe + Vor þi fayr hede {and} þi bunte. + Ȝif þat deþ were ideld ariȝt, + We scholden habbe idiȝed boþe in ar niȝt. 84 + Vor in one deye ibore we were; + Mid riȝte we scholden deie ifere.” + +[Sidenote: He apostrophizes death.] + + [Sidenote: [101 _b_]] + “Deeþ,” he seide, “ful of~ enuye, + And of alle trechorye, + Refte þ{o}u hast me my le{m}man.” + “For soth,” he seide, “þ{o}u art to blame. 284 + She wolde haue leuyd, and þu noldest, + And fayn{e} wolde y dye, and þu woldest. + + “Deþ,” he seyde, “vol of enuie, + {and} vol of alle tricherie, 88 + Mid t{ra}isu{n} þ{o}u me hast mi lef binome. + To bi-t{ra}ie þat folk hit is þi wone; + Heo wolde libbe {and} þu noldest. + Þou nelt me slen {and} ihc wolde; 92 + + [_No gap in MS._] + + Wiþ þere me wolde þat þou were. + Nul tu no wiȝt come þere, + {and} þer me wolde þ{a}t þou . . ne come, + Þer þou wolt come Ilome. 96 + Þilke þ{a}t buste best to libbe, + Hem þou stikest under þe ribbe. + {and} ȝif þer is eni forliued wrecche, + Þat of is liue nouȝt ne recche, 100 + Þat fawe wolde deie for sorewe & elde, + On hem neltou nouȝht bi helde. + No lengore ich nelle mi lef bileue, + I chulle be mid hyre ere eue. 104 + + After deeþ clepe nomore y nylle, + But slee my self~ now y wille.” 288 + + Nou after deþ clepie ich þe nulle, + Ac mi sulue aslen ich wille.” + +[Headnote: _He tries to stab himself, but is prevented by his mother._] + +[Sidenote: He attempts to stab himself with a knife, but is prevented by +his mother.] + + His knyf~ he braide out of his sheth; + Him self he wolde haue doo to deth. + And to hert he had it smeten{e} + Ne had his moder it vnder ȝeten{e}. 292 + Þen þe Queene fel him vppon{e}, + And þe knyf~ fro him noom{e}. + She reft~ him of~ his lytel knyf~, + And sauyd þere þe Childes lyf~. 296 + Forþ þe Queene ranne, al wepyng~, + Tyl she com{e} to þe kyng~. + + Ase a mo{n} þat draȝh him sulue to þe deþe, + His knif he draȝh out of his scheþe, 108 + {and} to his herte hit wolde habbe ismite, + Nadde his moder hit vnder gete. + Ac þe quene his moder . . fel vpon, + & þis knif heo him binom. 112 + Heo bi nom him his atel knif. + [Sidenote: [_leaf 6, back, col. 2_]] + Þat heo com bi . . . . . . . + +[Headnote: _The queen discloses to Floris the deception._] + +[Sidenote: The queen persuades the king to reveal the truth.] + + Þan seide þe good lady, + “For goddes loue, s{ir}, mercy! 300 + Of .xii. children haue we noon{e} + On lyue now but þis oon{e}. + And better it were she were his make, + Þan he were deed for hur sake.” 304 + + Þanne spac þe quene þe . . + {and} seyde to þe kinge, “sire, mercy, 116 + Sire, of þis children nabbe we non, + Non aliue bote þis on, + {and} bote hit were þ{a}t hit wer . . + Þane eyþer deȝede vor oþer . . . 120 + + “Dame, þ{o}u seist soþ,” seide he; + “Sen it may noon{e} other be, + Leuer me were she were his wyf~, + Þan y lost my sonnes lyf~.” 308 + Of~ þis word þe Quene was fayn{e}, + And to her soon{e} she ran agayn{e}. + + “Dame, þou seist soþ,” þo seyde he, + “Nu hit nele no{n} oþer bee. + Leuere me were þ{a}t heo were + Þane ihc for lore mine sone l[yf].” 124 + Of þisse wordes þe quene w . . + To floyres, hire sone, . . . + +[Sidenote: They tell him the facts, and together open the grave and find +it empty.] + + “Floryes, soon{e}, glad make the, + Þy lef þ{o}u schalt on lyue see. 312 + Florys, son{e}, þrouȝ engynne + Of~ þy Faders reed and myne, + Þis graue let we make, + Leue son{e}, for þy sake. 316 + Ȝif~ þ{o}u þ{a}t maide forgete woldest, + After oure reed wyf~ þ{o}u sholdest.” + + “Floyres, sone, glad make þe . + For ut þou schalt þi lef . . 128 + Leue sone . . . . . . . + . . . . fader rede {and} . . + . . . . . wo . . . + Leue sone so . . . . . . 132 + Vor [_two lines illegible here_] + . . . . . vre rede . . . + + Now eu{er}y word{e} she haþ him tolde, + How þ{a}t þey þ{a}t mayden solde. 320 + [Sidenote: [102 _a_]] + “Is þis soth, my moder dere?” + “For soth,” she seide, “she is not here.” + Þe rowȝ stoon{e} adoun{e} þey leyde, + And sawe þ{a}t was not þe mayde. 324 + + . . . word {and} ende him . + Hou hei habbeþ þat mayde, 136 + “{and} is þis soþ, mi moder dere?” + “Ȝe, for soþe,” heo nis not . + Þane stond hii panne . . . . + He isay þ{a}t þere nas . . . . 140 + +[Sidenote: Floris declares his resolve to find Blauncheflur.] + + “Now, moder, y þink þ{a}t y leue may. + Ne shal y rest nyȝt ne day, + Nyȝt ne day ne no stound{e}, + Tyl y haue my le{m}mon found{e}. 328 + + Nu me þencheþ . . . . . + . . . ne schal ihc . . . . + Niȝt ne da . . . . . . + . . . ich . . . . . . 144 + + [_Some folios lost here. Continued at bottom of page 84._] + + Hur to seken y wołł wend{e}, + Þauȝ it were to þe worldes ende.” + To þe king~ he goþ to take his leue, + And his Fader bade him byleue. 332 + “Sir, y wyl let for no wynne; + Me to bydden it it were grete synne.” + Þan seid þe king~, “seth it is soo, + Seþ þ{o}u wylt noon{e} other doo, 336 + Al þat þe nedeþ we shul þe fynde; + Ih{es}u þe of~ care vnbynde.” + +[Headnote: _Floris equips a company with which to search for +Blauncheflur._] + +[Sidenote: He describes to the king the retinue that he would like.] + + “Leue Fader,” he seide, “y telle þe + Al þ{a}t þ{o}u shalt fynde me. 340 + Þ{o}u mast me fynde, at my deuyse, + Seuen horses al of~ prys, + And twoo y-charged vppon~ þe molde + Boþ w{i}t{h} seluer and wyþ golde, 344 + And two ycharged w{i}t{h} monay + For to spenden by þe way, + And þree w{i}t{h} clothes ryche, + Þe best of~ al þe kyngryche, 348 + Seuen horses and seuyn~ men, + And þre knaues w{i}t{h}out hem, + And þyn{e} own{e} Chamburlayn{e}, + Þat is a wel nobel swayn{e}. 352 + He can vs wyssħ and reede, + As marchaundes we shułł vs lede.” + His Fader was an hynde king~, + +[Sidenote: The king gives him also the marvellous cup, and an elegantly +caparisoned ‘palfray.’] + + Þe Coupe of golde he dide him bryng~, 356 + Þat ilke self~ Coupe of golde + Þat was Blauncheflo{ur} for ȝolde. + “Haue þis, soon{e},” seide þe king~, + “Herew{i}t{h} þ{o}u may þ{a}t swete þing~, 360 + [Sidenote: [102 _b_]] + “Wynne so may betyde, + Blauncheflo{ur} w{i}t{h} þe white syde, + Blauncheflo{ur}, þ{a}t faire may.” + Þe king let sadel a Palfray, 364 + Þe oon{e} half so white so mylke, + And þat other reed so sylk~. + I ne can telle nouȝt + How rychely þat sadel was wrouȝt. 368 + Þe Arson~ was of gold{e} fyn{e}, + Stones of v{er}tu stode þ{er}yne, + Bygon{e} aboute wit orfreys. + +[Sidenote: The queen gives him a magic ring.] + + Þe Queene was kynde and curtays, 372 + Cast hur toward þe kyng~ + And of~ hur fynger she brayde a ryng~: + + _Cambridge MS. Gg. 4. 27. 2._ + + Heo tok forþ a wel fair þing, + Of hire finger a riche Ryng. + + “Haue now þis ylke ryng~: + While is it þyn{e}, douȝt no þyng~ 376 + Of~ fire brennyng~ ne water in þe See; + Ne yren~ ne steele shal dere thee.” + + “Mi sone,” heo sede, “haue þis ring. + “Whil he is þin, ne dute noþing, 4 + Þ{a}t fur þe bre{n}ne ne adrenche se, + Ne ire ne steil ne mai þe sle. + And to þi wil þu schalt habbe g{ra}ce, + Late {and} rathe in eche place.” 8 + +[Headnote: _Floris and his company arrive at the haven._] + +[Sidenote: Floris takes leave and comes to the haven, and lodges at the +same house where Blauncheflur had been.] + + He took~ his leue for to goo; + Þ{er} was ful muche woo; 380 + [_No gap in MS._] + Þey made him noon~ other chere + Þan her soon~ were leide in bere. + + ++Floris nimeþ nu his leue; + No long{er} nolde he bileue. + He custe he{m} wiþ softe muþe; + Al wepinge hi dep{ar}teþ nuþe. 12 + Ne makede his Moder no{n} oþ{er} chere, + Bute also he were ileid on bere. + For him ne wende hi neu{er}e mo + Eft to sen; ne dude hi no. 16 + + Furþ he went w{i}t{h} al his mayn~; + W{i}t{h} him went þe Chamberlayn~. 384 + So haue þey her hauyn~ nome + Þat þey ben to þe hauyn~ come + Þere Blaunchefloure was alnyȝt, + Wel rychely þey ben dyȝt; 388 + + Forþ he wende wiþ al his mein, + And wiþ hi{m} his fader chau{m}berlein. + Fort to þe hauene hi beoþ icume, + And þ{er} habbeþ here in inome. 20 + At þe selue huse hi buþ aliȝt + Þ{a}t blau{n}cheflur was þ{a}t oþ{er} niȝt. + Riche sop{er} þer was idiȝt, + +[Sidenote: They find there good entertainment.] + + Þe lord of~ þe ynne was welle hende; + Þe Child~ he sette next þe ende, + In al þe feirest seete + + And m{ur}ie hi verde{n} þ{er} aniȝt. 24 + Floriz ne let for ne feo + To finden al þ{a}t neod beo, + +[Sidenote: All make good cheer except Floris, who thinks ever on +Blauncheflur.] + + Alle þey dronken and al þey ȝete: 392 + [_No gap in MS._] + Ete ne drynke myȝt he nouȝt; + On blauncheflour was al his þouȝt. + + Of fless, of fiss, of tendre bred, + Of whit win, {and} eke red. 28 + Glad {and} bliþe hi weren alle + Þ{a}t were{n} wiþ he{m} in þe halle, + And pleide {and} gamenede ehc wiþ oþ{er}. + Ac floriȝ þe{n}cheþ al on oþ{er}, 32 + For he net ne dronk riȝt noȝt. + On blau{n}cheflur was al his þoȝt. + +[Headnote: _Floris mourns. He hears of Blauncheflur, and is glad._] + +[Sidenote: The hostess observes his ‘mourning,’ and tells him that she +is reminded of the mourning of Blauncheflur.] + + Þe lady of þat vnderȝat + Þ{at} þe Childe mornyng~ sat, 396 + And seide to her lord w{i}t{h} styl dreme, + “Sir, nym{e} now good{e} ȝeme + How þe Child~ mo{ur}nyng syttes: + Mete and drynke he forȝetes: 400 + [Sidenote: [103 _a_]] + Lytel he eteþ, and lasse he drynkeþ; + He is a marchaund, as me þynkeþ.” + + Þe lefdi of þer inne vnderȝat + Þ{a}t he m{ur}ni{n}ge sat. 36 + To hire lou{e}rd heo sede wiþ stille dreme, + “Sire, nimestu no ȝeme + Hu þis child m{ur}ni{n}ge sit? + Mete ne drinke he nabit. 40 + He net mete ne he ne drinkeþ; + Nis he no marchau{n}t, ase me þinkeþ.” + + To Flores þen seide she, + “Al ful of~ mo{ur}nyng~ y the see. 404 + Þ{er} sate þ{er} þis sender day, + Blauncheflo{ur}, þ{a}t swete may. + Heder was þ{a}t mayde brouȝt + W{i}t{h} Marchaundes þ{a}t hur had bouȝt; 408 + Heder þey brouȝt þ{a}t mayde swete; + Þey wold haue solde hur for byȝete; + To Babyloyn{e} þey wyll{e} hur bryng{e}, + Boþ of semblant & of~ mornyng{e}.” 412 + + “Floriz,” heo sede, “what mai þe beo, + Þus m{ur}ninge as ich þe seo? 44 + Þus her inne þis oþ{er} day + Sat blau{n}cheflur, þ{a}t faire may.” + Ord {and} ende he haþ him told, + Hu blau{n}cheflur was þari{n}ne isold. 48 + [_No gap in MS._] + “Þu art hire ilich of alle þinge, + Boþe of semblau{n}t {and} of m{ur}ni{n}ge, + Of fairnesse {and} of muchelhede, + Bute þu ert a man {and} heo a maide.” 52 + +[Sidenote: Floris rejoices at the mention of the name. He gives the +hostess a silver cup, etc., and inquires further about Blauncheflur.] + + When Florys herd speke of~ his le{m}man, + Was he neuer so glad a man, + And in his hert bygan to lyȝt; + Þe Coupe he let fulle anoon~ ryȝt: 416 + + Þo floriz iherde his le{m}ma{n} ne{m}pne, + So blisful him þuȝte þilke steuene, + He let fulle a cupe of win. + + “Dame,” he seide, “þe fessel is þyn{e}, + Boþ þe Coupe and þe wyn{e}, + Þe wyn{e} and þe gold eke, + For þ{o}u of my leman speke: 420 + On hur y þouȝt, for hur y syȝt; + I ne wyst where I hur fynde myȝt; + Wynde ne weder shal me assoyn{e}, + Þat y ne shal seche hur in Babyloyn{e}.” 424 + + “Dame,” he sede, “þis hail is þin, 56 + Þ{a}t win {and} þ{a}t gold eke, + For þu of mi le{m}ma{n} speke. + For hire iþoȝte, for hire isiȝte, + For inot wher hire seche miȝte. 60 + Hire to seche ihc wille i wende, + Þeȝ heo beo at þe wordles ende.” + + Now Florys resteþ him al a nyȝt. + + Floriz geȝ to his rest; + On blau{n}cheflur he þoȝte mest. 64 + Ac rest ne miȝte he nabbe none, + Fort þe dide slep hi{m} nome. + +[Sidenote: Floris sets sail once more.] + + At morn{e}, when it was day lyȝt, + He dide him in-to þe wylde flood~. + Wynde and weder w{i}t{h} him stood; 428 + Sone so Florys com{e} to londe, + Þ{er}e he þanked goddes sonde + + A moreȝe so sone so hit was day + He tok his leue {and} we{n}te his way, 68 + And dude him i{n}to þe salte flod; + He hadde wind {and} weder ful god. + Þe Marin{er} he ȝaf largeliche, + Þ{a}t broȝte hi{m} ou{er} bluþeliche. 72 + +[Headnote: _Floris reaches the land where his Leman is._] + +[Sidenote: He arrives in the country where his leman is.] + + To þe londe þ{er} his lyf~ ynne is: + Him þouȝt he was in paradyse. 432 + + Þ{er} hi wolde{n} he{m} self alonde, + For hi fu{n}de{n} he{m} so hende, + To þe lond þ{er} his le{m}ma{n} is; + Hi{m} þuȝte he was i{n} p{ar}ais. 76 + + Sone to Florys tydyng men tolde + Þ{a}t þe Amyral wold~ Fest holde; + His Erls, Barons, comyn~ sholde, + And al þ{a}t wold~ of him lond holde, 436 + For to herkyn~ his hest + And for to honoure his Feest. + + Ano{n} me hi{m} tiþi{n}ge tolde + Þ{a}t þe admiral wolde feste h[olde]. + Erles, baruns þ{er} come sch[olde], + And þat wolden of hi{m} h[olde]. 80 + + Glad was Florys of þ{a}t tydyng~; + He hoped to com{e} to þ{a}t gestyng~, 440 + Ȝif~ he myȝt, in þ{a}t halle, + His le{m}man see among hem alle. + + Bliþe was floriz of þe tiþinge; + He hopede come to þ{a}t gesni{n}ge. + Wel he hopede among he{m} alle + His le{m}ma{n} sen in þe halle. 84 + + [Sidenote: [103 _b_]] + ++nOW to þ{a}t Citee Florys is com{e}; + Feire he hath his ynne y-noom{e} 444 + At a palaise; was non{e} it lyche; + Þe lord of þ{a}t ynne was fulle ryche; + He hadde ben ferre and wyde. + + To a riche Cite hi buþ icume; + Vaire hi habbeþ here i{n} inome, + At one paleis suþe riche; + Þe lord of þ{er} i{n}ne nas no{n} his liche. 88 + Him feol gold inoȝ to honde, + Boþe in water {and} in londe. + +[Sidenote: At the inn there is good cheer, and Floris enters into +conversation with the host.] + + Þe Childe he set next his syde, 448 + In al þe feirest seete. + Alle þey dronken and ete, + Al þat þ{er}ynne were, + Al þey made good chere, 452 + Þey ete and dronke echoon~ w{i}t{h} other; + But Florys þouȝt al another, + Ete ne drynke he myȝt noȝt, + On Blauncheflo{ur} was al his þouȝt. 456 + + He hadde ilad his lif ful wide; + Þis child he sette next his side. 92 + Glad {and} bliþe hi weren alle, + So fele so were in þe halle. + [_No gap in MS._] + Ac floriz net ne dronk noȝt; + Of blau{n}cheflur was al his þoȝt. 96 + + Þan spake þe Burgays + Þat was hende and Curtays: + “Ow, child~, me þynkeþ welle + Þ{a}t muche þ{o}u þynkest on my catell{e}.” 460 + “Nay, s{ir}, on Catel þenke y nouȝt,” + (On Blauncheflo{ur} was al his þouȝt,) + “But y þynke on al wyse + For to fynde my marchaundise; 464 + And ȝit it is þe most woo, + When y it fynd, y shal it forgoo.” + + Þe lord of þ{er}inne vnderȝat + Þ{a}t þis child m{ur}ninge sat. + “Floriz,” he sede, “what mai þe beo, + Þus m{ur}ni{n}ge þ{a}t ihc þe seo? 100 + + Þan spak~ þe lord of~ þ{a}t ynne, + “Þis sender day, þ{er} sate hereyn{e} 468 + Þat faire Maide Blauncheflo{ur}, + boþ in halle and in boure. + Eu{er} she made mornyng chere, + And bement Florys, her lyf~ fere; 472 + Ioye ne blis made she noon~, + But for Florys she made her moon~.” + + [Þ]us heri{n}ne þis oþ{er} day + [S]at blau{n}cheflur þ{a}t faire may. + [I]n halle ne in bur ne at bord, + [O]f hire ne herde we neure a word. 104 + [B]ute of floriz was hire mone; + [Heo] nadde in herte ioie none.” + + Florys toke a Coupe of~ syluer clere, + A mantyl of~ Scarlet w{i}t{h} menyuere: 476 + “Houe þis, s{ir}, to þyn~ hono{ur}; + Þ{o}u may þonke it Blauncheflo{ur}. + He myȝt make myn~ hert glade, + Þ{a}t couþ me tel wheder she is ladde.” 480 + + [Whanne] herde he ne{m}pnen his le{m}man, + [Bliþe] he was iwis for þan. 108 + [He lat] bringe a cupe of seluer + [And eke] a pane of menuuer. + [Þanne] he sede, “haue þis to þin honur, + [So þ]u speke of blau{n}cheflur. 112 + [Þu mi]ȝtest make min heorte ful glad; + [Þu tel]le me wuder heo were ilad.” + [Þanne] sede þe burgeis, + [Þat was] wel hende {and} c{ur}tais, 116 + +[Headnote: _The innkeeper tells Floris how the Admiral bought +Blauncheflur._] + +[Sidenote: The host tells him that Blauncheflur has been sold to the +Admiral at Babylon.] + + “Child~, to Babyloyne she is brouȝt; + Þe Amyral hur haþ bouȝt: + [Sidenote: [104 _a_]] + He gaf~ for hur, as she stood vpryȝt, + Seuen sithes of~ gold hur wyȝt; 484 + For he þenkeþ w{i}t{h}-out weene, + Þat faire may haue to Queene. + Among~ his maydons in his toure + He hur dide, w{i}t{h} much honoure.” 488 + + [“To Babi]lloigne he was ibroȝt; + [Þe adm]iral hire haȝ iboȝt.” + + Now Flores resteþ him þ{er}e al nyȝt, + Tyl on þe morrow þe day was lyȝt; + He roos on þe morownyng~, + He gaf~ his Ost an hundryd shelyng~, 492 + To his ost and to his Ostesse, + And toke his leue, and feire dide kysse; + + [Floriz go]þ to his rest; + [On Blaunch]eflur he þoȝte mest. 120 + Ac reste ne miȝte he habbe none; + Fort þe dide slep him nome. + Amoreȝe so sone so hit was day, + He nem his liue, {and} we{n}de his way. 124 + +[Sidenote: Floris gives the host a hundred shillings, and asks his +assistance.] + + And ȝerne his ost he besouȝt, + Þat he him help, ȝif he myȝt ouȝt, 496 + Ȝif~ he myȝt~, w{i}t{h} any gynne, + Þat feire may to him wynne. + + And for his niȝtes gestinge + He ȝaf his oste an hundred schillinge. + [_No gap in MS._] + And ȝerne he haþ his oste bisoȝt + Þ{a}t he him helpe wiþ al his þoȝt, 128 + In Babilloine, oþ{er} wher a beo, + Þ{a}t he miȝte hire iseo, + Hu he miȝte mid sume ginne, + His le{m}man blau{n}cheflur awinne. 132 + Þa{n}ne sede þe burgeis, + Þ{a}t was hende {and} curtais, + + _MS. Cott. Vitell. D. III._ + + [Sidenote: [_leaf 7_]] + . . . . . . . by souht + . . . . . mid al his mauht + . . frend in babiloyne hadde + . . wisede {and} wel radde + . . . he mihte mid eni ginne + . . . blancheflour iwinne + +[Headnote: _The innkeeper gives Floris instructions._] + + “Childe,” he seide, “to a brygge þ{o}u shalt com{e}, + The Senpere fynde at hoom{e}: 500 + He woneth at þe brygges ende; + Curtays man he is, and hende; + We arn~ bretheren, and trouthes plyȝt: + He can þe wyssh and rede a-ryȝt; 504 + + At babilloine atte frume, + To one brigge þu schalt cume. 136 + Whane þu comest to þe ȝate, + Þe port{er} þu schalt find þarate. + Wel hende man {and} fair he is; + He is icluped sire daris. 140 + Mi felaȝe he is þureȝ truþe ipliȝt, + And he kan rede þe ariȝt. + + . . one longe brugge þou schalt come + . . . ngere finde þer ate frome. + . . . c is ate brugge ende + . . . mon he is {and} hende + . . . breþeren {and} treweþe ipliht + . . . wisi {and} reden wel riht. + +[Sidenote: The innkeeper sends him with a ring of introduction to the +bridge porter at Babylon.] + + Þ{o}u shalt bere him a rynge + Fro my-self~ to tokenynge, + Þat he help þe in boure and halle + As it were my self~ befalle.” 508 + [_No gap in MS._] + Florys takeþ þe ryng~, and nemeþ leue, + For long~ wold~ he nouȝt beleue. + + Haue {and} ber him þis ring, + On mine halue to tokning, 144 + Þ{a}t he þe helpe in alle halue, + Ase he wolde me selue.” + Floriz herof was wel bliþe, + And þonkede his oste wel suiþe. 148 + Feire of him he nimeþ leue; + No lengur nolde he bileue. + + . . . bere him neseno[FB-3] ring + . . . . . . to toking + . . . . . elpe on eche halue + . . . . . {and} takeþ is leue + . . . . . . þer by sene + + [Footnote FB-3: ?] + +[Sidenote: Floris takes leave, and by midday reaches the bridge and +finds the porter.] + + By þ{a}t it was vndern~ hyȝe, + Þe Brygge com{e} he swyth nye. 512 + Þe Senperes name was Darys. + Florys gret him wel feire ywys, + And he him þe ryng~ arauȝt, + And ful feire it him betauȝt. 516 + + Biþ{a}t hit was middai hiȝ, + Floriz was þe brigge niȝ. 152 + Þe he com to þe gate + Þe port{er} he fond anon þ{er}ate, + Sittinde one a marbelston, + Suþe fair {and} hende mon, 156 + And so him sede child floriz, + “Rest þe m{ur}ie, sire daris,” + + . . . . . . ondarne heyȝ + . . . . . [bru]gge suiþe neyȝ + . . . . . þane brugge icome + . . . . . bruggere ate frome + . . . . . . . a Marbreston + . . . . . mon he was on + . . . . . was of Muchel p{ri}s + . . . . . . him sulf iwis + . . . . . ys was i hote doyre + . . . . . s him grette wel fayre + . . . . . him þane ri{n}g arauht + . . . [d] ayre hine him bi tauht + +[Headnote: _Floris presents his ring of introduction to Daris._] + +[Sidenote: Floris presents the ring, and is hospitably received.] + + Þrouȝ þe token of þ{a}t ilk~ ryng~ + Florys had ful faire gestnyng~ + Off~ Fyssħ and flessh and tender breed~, + Of~ wyn~, both white and reed~: 520 + + And tok him to tokne þis ring; + And þ{er}fore he hauede wel fair gestni{n}g. 160 + Glade {and} bliþe hi weren alle, + So fele so weren in þe halle, + + . . . . þe tockne of þe ringe + . hadde þ{er} aniht wel gode gistinge + . . . . b of fles of tendre bred + . . . . t win {and} eke of red + +[Sidenote: Floris sits mourning.] + + And eu{er} Florys sate ful colde, + And Dares bygan þe Childe beholde: + + Ac floriz net ne dronk noȝt; + On blau{n}cheflur was al his þoȝt 164 + Sire daris vnderȝet + Þ{a}t floriz m{ur}ni{n}ge set. + + . . . . re floyres sike {and} colde + . . . . gon þ{a}t chil by holde + +[Sidenote: Daris asks if he is not pleased with his entertainment.] + + [Sidenote: [104 _b_]] + “Leue Child, what may þis be, + Þus þouȝtful as y the see? 524 + And þ{o}u nouȝt al in feere, + Þat þ{o}u makist þus sory chere, + Or þ{o}u lykkest noȝt þis yn~?” + + “Floriz,” he sede, “what mai þe beo, + So þoȝtful ase ihc þe seo? 168 + Me þincheþ bi þine chire, + Þu nert noȝt glad of þi sop{er}e, + Oþ{er} þe ne likeþ noȝt þis in.” + + . . . . wat may þe be + . . . . . þe i see + . . . . . . . uoice al fere + . . . . . . . . ele chere. + [Sidenote: [_leaf 7, col. 2_]] + . . . . . . . . þin in.” + + Þan Floreys answered him~: 528 + “Ȝis, s{ir}, by goddes ore, + So good ne had y mony day ȝore: + God let me abyde þat daye + Þat y þe quyte wel may: 532 + + Þo floriz ansuerede him: 172 + “Sire,” he sede, “bi godes ore, + So god in nauede ihc wel ȝore, + Vre lou{er}d me lete ibide þe day + Þ{a}t ihc hit þe ȝulde may. 176 + + Bot floyres onswerede him, + “Nay, sire, bi godes ore, + So god nadde [I] wel ȝore. + God lete me abide þane day + Þ{a}t ich hit þe ȝelde May. + +[Sidenote: Floris tells him, in veiled words, his real trouble.] + + But y þenke on al wyse + Most vppon~ my marchaundyse; + [_No gap in MS._] + And ȝit it is most woo, + When y hit Fynde, y shal it forgoo.” 536 + + Ihc þenche, sire, on fele wise + Nu vpon mi marchau{n}dise, + Last ine finde noȝt atte frume + Þ{a}t þing for whi ihc am hider icume. 180 + And þeȝ ihc hit finde hit is mi wo + Lest ihc schulle hit forgo.” + + Ac ich þenche on alle wise + Vppon mine Marchaundise + Ware vore ich am hider icome, + Lest ich ne feynde hit ate frome, + {and} þ{a}t is ȝet mi meste wo, + Ȝif ich hit finde {and} hit forgo. + +[Sidenote: Daris bids him speak plainly, and Floris speaks out.] + + [_No gap in MS._] + “Childe, woldest þ{o}u telle me my gryf~, + To hele þe, me were ful lyf~.” + + Þo sede daris, þe freo burgeis, + Þ{a}t was wel hende {and} curteis, 184 + “Fain ihc wolde þe rede {and} lere, + Þ{a}t þu muche þe bet{er}e were, + Ȝef þu toldest me þi gref, + To rede þe me were lef.” 188 + + Child, woldest þou telle me of þi gref + To helpe þe me were lef. + +[Headnote: _Floris tells his story to Daris._] + + Eu{er}y word he haþ him tolde, + How þe mayde was fro him solde, 540 + And how he was of~ Spayn~ a kynges son{e}, + For grete loue þider y-com{e}, + To fonde, w{i}t{h} quantyse and w{i}t{h} gyn~, + Blauncheflo{ur} for to wynne. 544 + + Þo floriz bigan his consail schewe, + {And} to daris beon iknewe. + Ord {and} ende he haþ him told, + Hu blau{n}cheflur was isold, 192 + And hu he was a kinges sune, + For hire luue þider icume, + To fonde þureȝ sume cu{n}nes ginne + His le{m}ma{n} blau{n}cheflur biwinne. 196 + + And now floyres hi{m} haueþ itold + Hou þ{a}t mayd from him wa sold, + {and} hou he was of spayne one kinges sone, + Vor hire loue þider icome. + +[Headnote: _Daris begins to tell of the Admiral and the city._] + +[Sidenote: Daris takes him to be a fool, and proceeds to tell the +strength of the Admiral and the size of the city.] + + “Now,” seith Dares, “þ{o}u art a Folt,”-- + And For a Foole þe Childe he halt,-- + “Now y woot how it gooth, + Þ{o}u desirest þyn~ own~ death. 548 + Þe Amyral haþ to his Iustinges + Oþ{er} half~ hundred of ryche kinges; + And þe Alder-rychest king~ + Durst not begynne suche a þing~. 552 + + Daris þa{n}ne floriz bihalt, + {And} for more þane fol him halt. + “Floriz,” he sede, “iseo hu hit geþ; + Þu ert abute þinoȝe deþ. 200 + Þe Admiral haueþ to his gestninge + Oþ{er} half hu{n}dred of riche kinges. + Ne þ{er} nis no{n} so riche king + Þ{a}t dorste ent{er}met{en} of eni such þing, 204 + Þilke maide to awinne, + Noþ{er} wiþ strengþe ne wiþ ginne, + + Nou doyres þ{a}t chil[d] by halt, + {and} for a fol he hine halt. + “Child, nou ich wot al hou hit geþ; + Iwis þou welnest þin owene deþ. + Þe amirel haueþ to his iustninge + Oþ{er} half hondert of riche kinge, + Þe alre richeste kinge + Ne dorste bi ginne swch a þing. + + Ȝif~ Amyral myȝt it vnderstond{e}, + He shulde be drawe in his owne londe, + A-bout Babyloyne, y wene, + Six longe myle and tene; 556 + At eu{er}y myle is a walle þ{er}ate, + Seuen sithes twenty ȝate; + And .xx. toures þ{er} ben ynne, + Þ{a}t eu{er}y day chepyng is ynne; 560 + + And þe Admiral hit miȝte iwite, + Þ{a}t he n{er}e of his lif aquite. 208 + And Babilloine, ihc vnderstonde, + Dureþ abute furte{n}niȝt gonde. + Abute þe walle þ{er} buþ ate, + Seuesiþe tuenti ȝates. 212 + And ine þe bureȝ amidde riȝt + Beoþ twe tures ipiȝt. + + And mihste þe amirayl hit vnder ȝete, + Sone of his liue he were quite. + Aboute babiloyne beþ to ȝonge wiþoute wene, + Sixti longe Mile {and} tene, + {and} ate walle þer beþ ate, + Seuesiþe tuenti ȝate. + And tueye toures þer beþ inne, + Þ{a}t þe chepinge is eche day inne. + + Eu{er}y day and nyȝt þrouȝ-out þe ȝere + Þe Chepyng~ is y-lyche plenere; + [Sidenote: [105 _a_]] + And þauȝ al þe men þ{a}t ben bore, + Had on hur lyf~ swore 564 + To wynne þat maide feire and free, + Al shul þey die, so moot y the. + + Eche day in al þe ȝere + Þe feire is þ{er} iliche plenere. 216 + Seue hu{n}dred tures {and} two + Beoþ in þe burȝ, biþute mo. + + Nis þer day þoruh out þan ȝer, + Þat þe chepinge is iliche plener. + Seue hundred tures, wit oute{n} þan tuo, + Þ[er] beþ in þan boruh {and} somdel mo. + Þe alre febleste tour + Nolde nouht duti þe amp{er}ur. + +[Headnote: _Description of the maidens’ ‘tower.’_] + +[Sidenote: Daris tells of the ‘towers,’ the spring, the wonderful +carbuncle,] + + In þ{a}t bo{ur}, in mydward pyȝt, + Stondeþ a toure, y the plyȝt, 568 + An hundryd fathum~ it is hye,-- + Who-soo beholdeþ hit, fer or nere, + An hundred fathum it is y-fere;-- + It is made w{i}t{h}-out[en] pere, 572 + + And ine þe burȝ amidde riȝt, + Beoþ twe t{ur}es ipiȝt, 220 + + Vor to come þer wiþ inne, + No þ{er} wid stregþe ne wid ginne. + [Sidenote: [_leaf 7, back_]] + . . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . aȝen woo + . schal to iwinne þat Mayd al so sone + . . . . . þe so{n}ne {and} mone. + . . . þe bor . . mid rift + . . . . . . . . aplyft + . . hondred teyse þe to{ur} is heie + . . . . by halt fur {and} nei. + {and} an hundret teyse hit is wid, + {and} imaked wiþ muchel pruid. + + Of lyme and of Marbulston{e}; + In al þis world~ is suche noon{e}. + Now is þe morter made so wele, + Ne may it breke, iren ne steele. 576 + Þe Pomel þat aboue is leide, + It is made w{i}t{h} muche p{r}ide; + + Of lym {and} of marbelston; + In þe world nis swich t{ur} non. + In þe tur þ{er} is a welle, + Suþe cler hit is wiþ alle. 224 + He vrneþ in o pipe of bras, + Whider so hit ned was. + Fra{m} flore in to flore + Þe strimes vrneþ store, 228 + Fram bure in to halle + Þe st{ri}mes of þis welle. + In þe tur is o kernel + Of seluer {and} of crestel. 232 + On þe tur anouenon + Is a charbugleston + Þ{a}t ȝiueþ leme day {and} niȝt, + Ne bi hit neure so derk niȝt. 236 + + Of lym {and} of marbel ston; + In cristiante nis swich non. + Þ{a}t morter is i maked se wel, + Ne May hit breke ire ne stel. + And þe pomel about þe lede + Is i wrouht mit so . . . . . + + Þ{a}t man ne þar in þe Tour bern{e} + Nouther torcher[FB-4] ne lantern{e}; 580 + Suche a pomel was þ{er} bygo{n}e, + Hit shyned a nyȝt so doþ þe soone. + + [Footnote FB-4: MS. torther] + + In þe bureȝ ne darf me berne + Lampe ne torche ne lant{er}ne, + Þ{a}t he ne ȝiueþ liȝt {and} leme + As doþ a day þe su{n}ne beme. 240 + + Ne þarf me aniht . . . . . + Nouþer torche . . . . . . + . . . . . a pomel . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + +[Headnote: _How the maidens are guarded._] + +[Sidenote: the porter on guard,] + + [_No gap in MS._] + + Þ{e} port{er} is prud wiþalle; + Eche day he goþ on þe walle. + And ef þ{er} comeþ eniman + Biþi{n}ne þilke barbecan, 244 + Bute he him ȝeue leue, + He wule him boþe bete {and} reue. + Þe port{er} is culuart {and} felun; + He wule him sette areisun. 248 + +[Sidenote: and the forty-four maidens kept in the ‘high tower.’] + + Now arn~ in þat ilk~ Tour + Twoo and fourty nobełł boure; 584 + Wel were þat ilke man + Þ{a}t myȝt woon{e} in þ{a}t oon~! + Ne durst him neu{er} more ywys + Couete after more blysse. 588 + + “Þer buþ in þe hiȝe tur + Forti Maidenes {and} four. + Wel were þ{a}t ilke mon + Þ{a}t miȝte winne wiþ þ{a}t on. 252 + Ne þorte he neure ful iwis + Wilne more of p{ar}adis. + + . . . . . beþ in þan . . + Foure {and} fourti . . . . . + [Þ]at wel were þ{a}t ilke . . . + . . Mihte wonie . . . . . + [_About twenty lines illegible here._] + + Naw arn~ þer Seriauntes in þ{a}t stage + Þ{a}t s{er}uen þe maydons of hyȝe p{ar}age; + But no s{er}ieaunt may s{er}ue þ{er}ynne + Þ{a}t bereþ in his breche þat gynne 592 + To s{er}ue hem day and nyȝt, + But he be as a Capou{n} dyȝt. + At þe gate is a ȝateward~; + He is not a Coward~; 596 + He is wonder proude w{i}t{h} alle; + Eu{er}y day he goþ in ryche palle. + + Þ{er} buþ seriau{n}s in þe stage + Þ{a}t s{er}ueþ þe maidenes of p{ar}age. 256 + Ac ne mot þ{er} no{n} ben inne + Þ{a}t one þe breche bereþ þe ginne, + Noþ{er} bi daie ne biniȝt, + Bute he also capun beo idiȝt. 260 + +[Sidenote: The Admiral takes a new wife each year.] + + And þe Amyral haþ a wonder woon~, + Þ{a}t he þ{a}t is com{e} of cristendom{e}, 600 + Euery ȝere to haue a new wyf~, + Þen he loueþ his Queene as his lyf~. + + And þe Admiral is such a gume, + In al þe world nis such a sune. + Ne bu his wife neure so schene, + Bute o ȝer ne schal heo beon his q{ue}ne. 264 + Þeȝ heo luue him ase hire lif, + Þ{a}t he nele habbe anoþ{er} wif. + And, floriz, imai þe telle fore, + Heo schal beon his quene icore. 268 + + Neuer . . [_leaf 7, back, col. 2_] + To chesen hire . . . . . . + Þeyȝ he louede is quene . . . + +[Headnote: _Description of the wonderful orchard._] + +[Sidenote: The maidens are brought down into a beautiful orchard in +which is a marvellous spring and a wonderful tree.] + + [Sidenote: [105 _b_]] + Then shul men bryng{e} doun~ of þe Toure + Al þe Maidens of grete honour, 604 + And bryng{e} hem into an Orchard~, + Þe feirest of al mydlerd~: + Þeryn is mony fowles song~; + Men myȝt leue þ{er}yn ful long~: 608 + About þe Orchard is a walle,-- + Þe fowlest stone is Cristall{e},-- + + Alle þe maidenes of p{ar}age + Me schal bringe adu{n} of þe stage, + And leden he{m} in to on orchard, + Þe faireste of al þe Middellerd. 272 + Abute þe orchard is a wal; + Þe eþelikeste ston is cristal. + Ho so wonede a moneþ in þ{a}t spray, + Nolde him neure longe{n} away. 276 + So m{er}ie is þ{er}i{n}ne þe foȝeles song, + Þ{a}t ioie {and} blisse is eure among. + + Me schul fecche adoun of þe . . + Alle þe maydenes of parage. + {and} bringe hem in on orcharde + Þe fayreste of þe middel[erd]. + Þer is fowelene song + Ne mihte wel libbe hem a[mong] + Abute þan orchard is a wa[l] . + Su{m}me of þe stones be . . . + Þ{er} me may ise uppon a . . . + I write muchel of þe w . . . + + And a wełł spryngeþ þ{er}ynne, + Þ{a}t is made w{i}t{h} muche gynne; 612 + Þe wel is of~ muche prys, + Þe stremes com froo P{ar}adyse; + Þe grauel of~ þe ground is p{re}cious stoones, + And al of v{er}tu for þe noones. 616 + Now is þe wełł of much{e} auȝt; + + In þe orchard is a welle + Þ{a}t is suþe cler wiþ alle. 280 + Ihc mai seggen iwis, + Þe st{ri}mes comeþ f{ra}m p{ar}adis. + For in þe st{ri}mes þe smale stones, + Hi beoþ þ{er} funden eurech one, 284 + + And a welle þ{a}t springeþ . . . + Þ{a}t is i mad mid muchel . . . + Þis welle is . . Muchel + Þ{a}t grauel bi þe . . . . . + And of v . eu . . . . + Of safir . . {and} of . . . + Of omcie {and} of . . . . . + Þe welle is al . . . . . . + +[Headnote: _The marvellous spring and marvellous tree._] + +[Sidenote: If any maiden, who is not a virgin, approach the spring, the +water boils up as if mad.] + + Ȝif a woman com þ{a}t is for-lauȝt, + And she be doo to þe streeme + For to wesshe her honndes clene, 620 + Þe wat{er} wylle ȝelle as it were wood~, + And bycom{e} red as blood~. + On what maide þe water fareþ soo, + Sone she shal to deþ be doo. 624 + Þoo þat ben maidens clene, + Þey may wessh{e} þ{er}yn, y wene; + Þe water wołł stonde feire and clere; + To hem makeþ it no daungere. 628 + At þe walles hed stondeþ a tree, + Þe feirest þat on erthe may be; + It is cleped þe tree of loue: + Flowers and blossomes spryngen aboue; 632 + +[Sidenote: The maiden upon whom first falls a blossom from this tree is +chosen queen.] + + Þen þey þat maydons clene bene, + Þei shul be brouȝt vnder þe tren{e}, + And whicħ so falleþ þe floure, + Shal be queene w{i}t{h} muche hono{ur}. 636 + + Boþe saphirs {and} sardoines, + And suþþe riche cassidoines, + And Iacinctes and topaces, + And onicle of muchel g{ra}ce, 288 + And mani on oþ{er} direwerþe ston + Þ{a}t ich nu ne{m}pne ne can. + Aboue þe walle stant atreo + Þ{a}t faireste þ{a}t miȝte in erþe beo. 292 + Hit is ihote þe treo of luue, + For lef {and} blosme beoþ þ{er} buue. + So sone so þe olde beoþ idon, + Þer sp{ri}ngeþ niwe riȝt anon. 296 + Alle þilke þ{a}t clene maidenes beo, + Schulle sitte arewe vnder þat treo; + And which falleþ on þ{a}t furste flur + Schal beo q{ue}ne {and} fonge þonur. 300 + Ȝef þ{er} is eni maide forleie, + Þe wal is of so muchel eie, + An heo stepe to þe gru{n}de, + For to wassche hire honde, 304 + Ha bulmeþ vp so he were wod, + {And} chau{n}geþ f{ra}m wat{er} in to blod. + On wuche þe welle fareþ so, + Also suiþe he wurþ fordo. 308 + + Ȝif þer come . . . . . . . + . . . ho . . . . . . . + For . . . . . . . . . + . . w . . wele . . . . + . . come al so . . . . . + . . wlyche w . . . . . + Wel sone . . . . . . . + Alle þ{a}t . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . wole . . . . . . + + [_About nine more lines illegible. Several folios lost here._] + + [_No gap in MS._] + Ȝif~ any mayden þ{er} is + Þat þe Amyral telleþ of~ more p{r}is, + Þe flour shal be to her sent + Þrouȝ art of~ enchauntement. 640 + + Ac ȝef þ{er} eni maide{n} is, + Þ{at} þe Admiral luueþ mest of pris, + On hire schal beo þ{at} flur i went, + Þureȝ c{on}iureson {and} chau{n}tem{en}t. 312 + + Þe Amyral cheseþ hem by þe flo{ur}, + And euer he herkeneþ after Blauncheflo{ur}. + [Sidenote: [106 _a_]] + Thre sithes Flores sownyd anoon~ + Riȝt byfore hem eu{er}ychoon~: 644 + When he awoke, and speke myȝt~, + Sore he wept, and sore he syȝt, + + Þus he cheoseþ his wif þureȝ þe flur; + Alle weneþ hit schulle beo blau{n}cheflur.” + Ihc wene ne darf me axi noȝt + If floriz were of dreri þoȝt. 316 + +[Headnote: _Daris suggests to Floris a plan._] + +[Sidenote: Floris implores the aid of Daris.] + + And seide, “Dares, y worth now deed~, + But þ{a}t y hope of þe som reed~.” 648 + “Leue soon~, wyl ȝe see + Þat þy trust is muche on me; + Þen is þe best~ reed þat y can~-- + Other reed ne can y noon~-- 652 + + “Daris,” he sede, “ihc wurthe ded + Bute if þu do me summe red.” + Þa{n}ne se Daris, þe freo burgeis, + Þ{a}t was wel he{n}de {and} c{ur}teis, 320 + “Floriz,” he sede, “leue man, + Þe beste red þ{a}t ihc þe can, + +[Sidenote: Daris bids him go, disguised as a mason, to the tower,] + + Wende to-morn~ to þe toure + As þ{o}u were a good gynoure; + Take on þy honde squyer and scantlon~ + As þ{o}u were a free mason~; 656 + Behold~ þe to{ur} vp and doun~, + Þe porter is cruel and Feloun~; + Wel sone he wyl com{e} to the, + And aske what man{er} man þ{o}u be, 660 + And bere on þe, Felonye, + And sey þ{o}u art com{e} to be a spye. + + Wend tomoreȝe to þe Tur, + Also þu were a gud ginnur. 324 + Ber wiþ þe sq{ui}re {and} schau{n}tillun, + Also þu were a gud Mascun. + Bihold of þe ture þe hiȝhede, + And wiþ þi fot met þe brede. 328 + Þe port{er} is culuert {and} felun; + Forþ he wule sette{n} his resun, + And bere vpon þe felonie, + And segge þ{a}t þu art a spie. 332 + + And þow shalt~ answere swetlych{e}, + And sey to him myldelych{e}, 664 + Sey þ{o}u art a gynoure, + To beholde þat feire Toure, + For to loke and for to fonde + To make suche another in þy londe. 668 + + Ansuare him wel hendeliche, + And spek wiþ him wel sueteliche, + And seie þert icome fra{m} ferre{n} lo{n}de, + For to seche {and} for to fonde, 336 + +[Sidenote: and induce the porter to play at draughts.] + + [_No gap in MS._] + Wel sone he wyl com þe nere, + And wyl byd þe play at þe chekere. + When þ{o}u art at cheker brouȝt, + W{i}t{h}out seluer [be] þ{o}u nouȝt; 672 + Þou shalt haue redy w{i}t{h} the + XX. Marke beside þy knee; + + If mi lif so longe ilast, + To makie atur aft{er} þis cast, + In þine londe ate frume + Wha{n}ne þu ert hom icume. 340 + Whane he þe hireþ speke so he{n}deliche, + And ansuerie so sueteliche, + Þe{n}ne he wule come þe nier, + And bidde þe pleie at þe escheker. 344 + Whane þescheker is forþ ibroȝt + Biþute panes ne plei þu noȝt. + Þu most habbe redi mitte + Twenti Marc ine þi slitte. 348 + + Ȝif~ þou wynne ouȝt of~ his, + Þow tel þ{er}of~ lytel prys; 676 + And yf~ he wynne ouȝt of~ þyn~, + loke þow leue it with hym~; + So þ{o}u shalt, al w{i}t{h} gynne, + Þe porters loue forsoth wynne, 680 + Þ{a}t he þe help on þis day: + But he þe help{e}, no man may. + + Þeȝ þu biwi{n}ne oȝt of his, + Hold hit of wel litel pris. + If he biwi{n}neþ oȝt of þe, + Ȝif hi{m} of þine suche þre. 352 + Muche he wule þonki þe + And of þe suþe iwu{n}dred beo, + For he is suþe couet{us}, + And at þescheker enuius. 356 + +[Headnote: _Details of the plan._] + +[Sidenote: Manage him so as to secure an invitation for the morrow.] + + [Sidenote: [106 _b_]] + Wel ȝerne he wyl þe bydde and p{ra}y + Com{e} anoþer day to playe: 684 + Þ{o}u shalt seye þ{o}u wylt soo; + Þ{o}u shalt take w{i}t{h} þe suche twoo; + + Ȝerne he wile þe bidde {and} p{re}ie + Þ{a}t þu come amoreȝe {and} pleie. + G{ra}nte hi{m} þ{a}t þu wilt so, + And tak mid amoreȝe suche two. 360 + + [_No gap in MS._] + Þe þrydde day take an hundred pound~, + + And wel þi nedes for to do + Þ{a}t þridde day þu wend hi{m} to, + And ber wiþ þe forti pund, + +[Sidenote: Show him your cup, and he will be greedy for it.] + + And þy Coupe hool and sound~: 688 + Ȝeue him markes & pound{es} of þy male; + Of~ þy tresour tel þ{o}u no tale; + Wel ȝerne he wyl þe bydde and p{ra}y + To lay þy Coupe, and to play. 692 + Þ{o}u shalt answere alþ{er}first, + Lenger to play þe ne lyst. + Ful muche he wylle for þe Coupe bede, + Ȝif~ he myȝt þe better spede; 696 + + And þine cupe hol {and} sund. 364 + Wha{n}ne þu lest lest him þe cupe iseo, + Wel angussus he wile beo. + He wile beo wel coveitus, + And hire to bigge suþe fus. 368 + Muchel he þe wule beode + If him miȝte þe bet{er}e spede. + Ihc wot he wille þilke day + Hon{ur}e þe so muche so he may. 372 + +[Sidenote: At length give him the cup.] + + Þ{o}u shalt it blethly ȝeue him + Ȝif it be of~ gold fyne; + And he wol ful moche loue þe, + And to þe bowe also, p{ar}de, 700 + + He wule þe lede to his i{n}ne + Þe cupe of þe to biwi{n}ne. + Ȝerne he wule þe bidde and p{re}ie + Þ{a}t þu legge þe cupe to pleie. 376 + Þu hi{m} ansuere atte furste, + Þ{a}t no leng pleie þe ne luste. + Ansuere hi{m} wel he{n}deliche, + ‘Þin beo þe cupe,’ seie bluþeliche. 380 + For his gode co{m}paygnie + A wu{n}ne he haþ þi druerie. + + [_No gap in MS._] + + Ihc wot þ{a}t he mai alrebest + Of þine neode helpe þe mest. 384 + Þu miȝt segge, ‘þe ne faileþ non + Gold ne selu{er} ne riche won.’ + Seie þu wilt p{ar}te wiþ him of þan, + Þ{a}t he schal eure beo riche man. 388 + Whanne he hereþ þe speke so richeliche, + And ansuerie so hendeliche, + Þa{n}ne he wile beo wel bliþe, + And bigi{n}ne to luuie þe suiþe, 392 + +[Sidenote: Promise him unlimited gold and silver if he will aid you. He +will then fall at your feet and be your man.] + + Þat he wyl falle to þy foote, + And become þyn~, ȝif~ he moote. + And homage þ{o}u shalt fonge, + And þe trouþ of his honde.” 704 + + And falle he wile to þi fote, + And bicome þi man, if he mote. + His ma{n}rede þu schalt fonge, + And his truþe of his ho{n}de, 396 + Þ{a}t he þe bere al þe helde + Þ{a}t man schal to his lou{er}d ȝelde. + And þus þureȝ þe cupe and his gi{n}ne + Þu miȝt þi le{m}man best awi{n}ne. 400 + Þa{n}ne þu miȝt beon iknewe, + And þi cu{n}sail to hi{m} schewe.” + +[Headnote: _By this plan Floris wins over the ‘porter.’_] + + As he seide, he dide ywys; + And as he ordeynd, so it is: + Þe Porter ys Florys man bycom{e}, + For his gold~ and his waryson{e}. 708 + + And alþus floris hath iwroȝt, + As daris hi{m} haþ itaȝt. 404 + Ac þureþ (_sic_) þe cupe {and} þureȝ g{er}sume, + Þe port{er} is his man bicume. + +[Sidenote: Then reveal to him your wishes.] + + Florys seide, “now art þ{o}u my moon~, + Al my trust is þe vppon~; + Now my consel y wyl þe shewe; + Rede me ryȝt, ȝif~ þ{o}u be trew.” 712 + + ¶ Nu quaþ floriz, “þu art mi man; + Al mi trest is þe vpon. 408 + Þ{er}uore þu most me helpe nede; + Biþute þe ne mai me spede.” + +[Sidenote: Floris acts as advised, and discloses his identity.] + + Now eu{er}y word he haþ him tolde, + How þe mayde was fro him sholde, + And how he was of~ Spayn~ a kynges soon~, + For grete loue þeder ycoom~ 716 + To fonden, w{i}t{h} som{e} gynne, + Þat feire mayde for to wynne. + + Ord {and} ende he haþ him told, + Hu þ{a}t maide was isold, 412 + And hu he was of spaygne a kinges sune, + For hire luue he was þider icume, + To fo{n}de mid sume ku{n}nes ginne, + Hu he miȝte hire awinne. 416 + +[Headnote: _The porter covers Floris in a basket of flowers._] + +[Sidenote: The porter at first reproaches himself, but presently +promises his aid.] + + Þe Porter þat herde, and sore syȝt, + And seide, “y am betrayde aryȝt; 720 + Þrouȝ þy Catel, y am dismayde; + Þerfore y am wel euyl a-payde + [Sidenote: [107 _a_]] + Now y woot how it gooþ; + For þe shal y suffre deth; 724 + I shal þe faile neuer moo, + Þe while y may ryde and goo; + Þy forwardes shal y holde alle, + What-so-eu{er} may befalle. 728 + + I-wend nu, floriz, to þin i{n}ne, + While i biþenche of sume gi{n}ne. 428 + Ihc wulle fonde what ido may + Bituene þis {and} þe þ{ri}dde day.” + Floriz siȝte {and} weop among + Þulke t{er}me him þuȝte long. 432 + ++ÞE port{er} þoȝte what to rede; + He let flures gadere on þe mede. + Cupen he let fulle of flures, + To strawe{n} in þe maidenes bures. 436 + + Wynde now hoom~ to þyn~) ynne + While y beþenke me of su{m} gynne; + Bytwene þis and þe þrydde day. + Fonde y shal, what y do may. 732 + Flores spake and wept among{e} + And þouȝt þe terme al to long{e}. + Þe Porter þouȝt þe best reed, + And let geder floures in a meed~; 736 + He wist it was þe maydons wylle. + To lepes he lete of floures fylle: + + Þo þe port{er} iherde þis, he siȝte, + “Ihc am,” he sede, “bitraid wiþ riȝte, + Þ{a}t þureȝ þis cupe {and} þis g{er}sume + Ihc am nu þi man bicume. 420 + Nu ihc seo hu hit geþ; + For þe ihc drede þolien deþ. + Noȝt for þan while ihc mai go, + I ne schal þe failli neure mo. 424 + What me bitide oþ{er} bifalle, + Ihc schal þe foreward holde{n} alle. + +[Sidenote: He covers Floris in a basket of flowers, which is borne +above.] + + Þat was þe best reed, as him þouȝt þoo, + Floures in þat oon~ lep to doo. 740 + Twoo maydens þe lepe bore; + So heuy charged neuer þey wore, + And bade god ȝeue hem euyl fyn{e}; + To mony floures he dide þ{er}ynne. 744 + + Þ{a}t was his red to helpe him so; + He let floriz on þ{a}t on cupe go. + Tuei gegges þe cupe bere, + And for heuie wroþ hi were. 440 + Hi bede{n} God ȝiue hi{m} vuel fin, + Þ{a}t so manie flures dude þ{er}in. + + To Blaunchefloures Chamber þey shuld{e} tee; + Þey ȝede to anoþ{er}, and let þ{a}t be: + Þey shuld haue gon{e} to Blauncheflo{ur}, + And ȝede to swete Clarys boure, 748 + + To þe chau{m}bre þ{er} hi scholde go, + Ne ȝeden hi ariȝt no. 444 + To anoþ{er} chau{m}bre hi beoþ agon, + To blau{n}cheflures chau{m}bre no{n}. + +[Sidenote: Floris mistakes another maiden for Blauncheflur and leaps +forth.] + + And cursed him so fele brouȝt to honde; + Þey ȝede hoom~, and lete hem stonde. + Clarys to þe lepe com{e} wolde, + Þe Flores to hondel and to be-holde; 752 + Florys wende it hadde be his swete wyȝt; + Of~ þe lepe he stert vpryȝt; + + Þe cupe hi sette to þe grunde, + And goþ forþ {and} leteȝ hire stonde. 448 + O maiden com {and} wolde + Þe flures handlen {and} biholde. + Floriz we{n}de hit were his swete wiȝt; + Vt of þe cupe he lep ariȝt; 452 + +[Sidenote: The maiden cries out.] + + And þe mayde, al for drede, + Bygan to shrell{e} and to grede. 756 + + And þ{a}t maide, for þe drede, + Bigan to crie {and} to grede. + +[Sidenote: Floris covers himself again.] + + When he sawȝ it was not shee, + In-to þe lepe aȝen~ stert he, + And held~ him betrayde clene; + Of~ his lyf~ tolde he not a beene. 760 + + Þo nuste floriz what to rede, + For þe ferlich þ{a}t he hadde. 456 + Into þe cupe he sterte aȝen, + And wiþ þe flures he hudde him. + Þis maide þoȝte anon riȝt + Þ{a}t hit was floriz, þ{a}t suete wiȝt, 460 + For here chau{m}bres niȝ were; + Selde was þ{a}t hi togadere nere; + And ofte blau{n}cheflur hire hadde itold + Hu heo was fram him isold. 464 + +[Headnote: _Claris discovers Floris._] + + Þ{er} com{e} maydons, and to Clarys lepe + by ten, by twelf~, on an heepe + [Sidenote: [107 _b_]] + And þey asked what hur were, + And why she made suche a bere. 764 + Clarys byþouȝt hur anoon{e}ryȝt + Þ{a}t hit was Blauncheflo{ur} þe white, + + Nu Maidenes comeþ in to hire lepe, + Wei fiftene in on hepe, + And axede hire what hire were, + And whi heo makede suche bere. 468 + Wel heo was biþoȝt {and} whare, + To finde{n} he{m} ansuare. + +[Sidenote: The maiden conceals the fact by a clever story.] + + And gaue þe Maydons answere anoon~, + Þat to her Chamber were goon~, 768 + Þat to þe lepe com{e} she wold{e}, + Þe Flowres to hondel and to beholde; + “And, or y it ere wyst, + An Ott{er} fleyȝ a-geynst my brest: 772 + I was so soore a-drad þan, + Þ{a}t y loude crye can.” + Þe Maydons þ{er}of~ hadden glee, + And turned hem, and lete hur be. 776 + + [_No gap in MS._] + “To þe cupe,” heo sede, “ihc com {and} wolde + Þis flures handlen {and} biholde, 472 + Þer fliste vt a but{er}fliȝe, + Are ihc wiste, on min iȝe. + So sore ihc was offerd of þan, + Þ{a}t ihc crie bigan.” 476 + Þis oþ{er}e loȝen {and} hadde gleo, + And goþ aȝen {and} leteþ beo. + +[Sidenote: Claris bids Blauncheflur come see a ‘well fair flower.’] + + As sone as þe maydons were gon~, + To Blauncheflo{ur} she ȝede anoon~, + And seide boldly to Blauncheflo{ur}, + “Felow, com{e} and see a feire Flo{ur}! 780 + Suche a flo{ur} þe shal wel lyke, + Haue þ{o}u it sene a lyte.” + + ++CLarice hatte þ{a}t maide hende: + To blau{n}cheflures chau{m}bre heo ga{n} we{n}de, 480 + And sede, “suete blau{n}cheflur, + Wiltu seo a wel fair flur? + Hit ne greu noȝt on þis londe, + Þat flur þ{a}t ihc bringe þe to honde.” 484 + +[Sidenote: Blauncheflur bids Claris depart, and reproaches Floris for +his inconstancy.] + + “Awey, Clarys!” q{uo}d Blauncheflo{ur}; + “To scorne me, it is none honoure. 784 + [_No gap in MS._] + I here, Clarys, w{i}t{h}out gabbe, + Þat þe Amyral wyl me to wyf~ habbe; + + “Away, Clariz,” quaþ blancheflur; + “Ho þ{a}t luueþ p{ar} amur + And haþ þ{er} of ioye, mai luue flures; + Ac ic libbe in soreȝe in þis tures, 488 + For ihc wene bithute gabbe, + Þ{a}t þe Admiral me wule habbe. + + But þ{a}t day shal neuer be, + Þ{a}t he shal eu{er} haue me, 788 + Þ{a}t y shal be of~ loue so vntrewe, + Ne chaunge my loue for no newe; + For no loue, ne for noon~ aye, + Forsake Florys in his Contraye. 792 + Now y shal swete Florys mysse, + Ne shal noon~ other of me haue blysse.” + + Ac þilke day ne schal neure be; + Ne schal me neure at-wite me, 492 + Þ{a}t ihc beo of luue vntrewe, + Ne chau{n}ge luue for no newe, + Ne lete þe olde for no newe be, + So doþ floriz on his Contre. 496 + Ac þeȝ floriz forȝe me, + Ne schal ihc neure forȝete þe.” + +[Headnote: _Claris brings Blauncheflur to Floris._] + +[Sidenote: Claris further urges Blauncheflur, who at length comes.] + + Clarys stood and beheld þat rewth, + And þe trewnesse of~ hur trewth, 796 + And seide, “lady Blaunchefloure, + Goo we see þ{a}t ilk~ floure.” + + Clariz iherde þes ille reuþe, + Of trewnesse {and} of trewþe. 500 + Þe t{er}res glide of hire lere; + “Blau{n}cheflur,” he sede, “go we ifere, + Leue suete blau{n}cheflur, + Cu{m} {and} se a well fair flur.” 504 + + To þe lepe þey went both. + Ioyful man was Florys þoo, 800 + For he had herde al þis. + + To gedere hi goþ nu iwis, + And floriz haþ iherd al þis. + +[Sidenote: Floris springs forth, and they embrace one another.] + + Of~ þ{a}t lepe he stert y-wys: + [Sidenote: [108 _a_]] + Wel sone Blauncheflo{ur} chaunged hewe; + Ayther of~ hem other knewe: 804 + W{i}t{h}oute speche togeder þey lepe, + And klippt~ and kyst~ wonder swete. + + Vt of þe cupe he lep anon, + {And} to blau{n}cheflur he gan gon. 508 + Eiþ{er} oþ{er} sone ikneu; + Boþe nuþe hi chau{n}geþ heu. + To gadere wiþute word hi lepen, + Klepte {and} keste {and} eke weopen 512 + Here kessinge ileste a mile; + And þ{a}t he{m} þuȝte litel while. + +[Headnote: _Joyful reunion of the lovers._] + +[Sidenote: Claris asks Blauncheflur if she knows this flower.] + + Clarys beheld~ al this, + Her countenaunce and her blysse, 808 + And seide þen to Blaunchefloure, + “Felow, knowist þ{o}u auȝt þis flo{ur}? + [_No gap in MS._] + She shul konne ful muche of~ Art + Þat þ{o}u woldest þ{er}of~ geue part~.” 812 + + Clarice biheold al þis, + Here cu{n}tenau{n}ce {and} here blis. 516 + Seide Clarice to blau{n}cheflur, + “Knowestu oȝt ȝete þis flur? + A litel er þu noldest hit se; + Nu ne miȝte hit lete fram þe. 520 + He moste ku{n}ne muchel of art + Þ{a}t þu woldest ȝeue þ{er} of part.” + “Certes,” q{ua}þ blau{n}cheflur to Clariz, + “Þis is min oȝene suete floriz.” 524 + + [_MS. lf. 8: Fr. p. 32, l. 522._] + . . . . wel muchel of art + . . woldest ȝeue þer of eny part. + . . . . de blancheflur to clarise + . . . min owene leue floyres + +[Sidenote: Both beg Claris not to betray them.] + + Now Blauncheflo{ur} and Florys, + Boþ þese swete þinges ywys, + Cryen her m{er}cy, al wepyng~, + Þat she ne wrey hem to þe king~. 816 + + Nu boþe tuo, þes suete þinges, + Crieþ hire m{er}ci, al wepinge, + To þe Admiral þ{a}t hem ne wreie, + For þe{n}ne were here soreȝe niwe. 528 + + . . . . þis ilke swete þinges + . . . . clarisse merci . . + Vnto þe amyrayl noȝt ne wreye + . . . . . . scholden deȝe + +[Sidenote: Claris promises silence.] + + [_No gap in MS._] + “Ne douȝt no more of~ me in alle, + Þan it were myself~ byfalle. + Wete ȝe wel weturly, + Heele y wyl ȝoure drury.” 820 + + Clarice hadde of hem pite; + “Noþing,” heo sede, “ne dute ȝe, + Ne dute ȝe na{m}more wiþ alle, + Þ{a}t hit were to me bifalle. 532 + Hele ihc wulle {and} noþing wreie, + Ower beire cu{m}paignie.” + + . . . . . namore mid alle + . . . hit were to me by falle + . . . . . wel wytterli + . . . . . beyre drewori + + To a bedde þey ben brouȝt, + Þat is of palle and of~ sylke wrouȝt; + And þ{er}e þey sette hem doun~ + And drouȝ hem self~ al a room~: 824 + + Clarice he{m} haþ to bedde ibroȝt, + Þ{a}t was of pal {and} selc iwroȝt. 536 + In bedde heo broȝte he{m} adun, + An hure self we{n}de he{m} fram. + + . . bedde heo hem haueþ ibrouȝt + . . selk {and} pal i wrouht + . . heo sette hem þer adou{n} + . . . . . . wende aroum + . . . more bote cluppe {and} cusse + . . . blancheflur hit wiste + +[Sidenote: The two rejoice together greatly.] + + Þ{er} was no man þ{a}t myȝt radde + Þe ioye þ{a}t þey twoo madde. + Florys þen to speke bygan~, + And seide, “lord þat madest man, 828 + I it þonke goddes sone + Þat al my care I haue ou{er}com{e}; + Now my leue I haue y-founde, + Of~ al my care y am vnbounde.” 832 + + [_No gap in MS._] + Þo floriz furst speke bigan. + “Vre lou{er}d,” he sede, “þ{a}t makedest man, 540 + Þe ihc þonki, godes sune, + Þ{a}t ihc am to mi leof icume. + Mi leof, nu ihc habbe þe ifunde, + Of al mi care ihc am vnbu{n}de.” 544 + + . . . . formest speke bigon + . . . d þ{a}t makedest mon + . . . . nou godes sone + . . . . he is ouer [c]ome + . . . . habbe ifounde + . . . . . am vnbounde + +[Headnote: _The maidens are at mornings to assist at the ‘Admiral’s’ +toilet._] + + Clarys hem s{er}uyd al at wylle, + Boþ dernlyche and stylle. + ++cLarys w{i}t{h} þe white syde + Rose vp on morn{e} tyde, 836 + And cleped after Blaunchefloure + To wende w{i}t{h} him in to þe Toure: + She seide “y am co{m}maund~”; + But her answere was slepaund~. 840 + + Nu aiþ{er} haþ oþ{er} itold + Of here soreȝe {and} care cold, + Þ{a}t hi hadde ifunde bo + Suþþe hi were ideld atuo. 548 + Nu hi cluppeþ and cusseþ + And makeþ togadere muchel blisse. + If þ{er} was aȝt bute custe, + Swete blau{n}cheflur hit wiste. 552 + Non oþ{er} heuene hi ne bede, + Bute eure swich lif to lede. + Ac lo{n}ge ne miȝte hi hem wite + Þ{a}t hi neren vnderȝete. 556 + + . . . . . oþer haueþ told + . . . . . kare ful cold + . . . . . me wel stronge + . . . . . rt so longe + . . . . . serueþ al to wille + . . . . [dern]eliche {and} stille + . . . . heo noȝh longe wite + . . . . eren vnder ȝete + +[Sidenote: Each morning two maidens went to the Admiral’s tower to comb +his hair and wash his hands,--] + + Þe Amyral had such a woon{e}, + Þ{a}t eu{er}y day shulde com{e} + [Sidenote: [108 _b_]] + Twoo maydons of~ hur bo{ur} + Vp to him in to þe Toure, 844 + [_No gap in MS._] + W{i}t{h} water and clooth, and basyn~, + For to wesshe his hondes ynne: + + Vor þe Admiral hadde such a wune, + Ehc moretid þer moste cume + Tuo maidenes wiþ muchel hon{ur} + Into þe heȝeste Tur, 560 + Þ{a}t were feire {and} suþe hende, + Þ{a}t on his heued for to kembe, + Þ{a}t [oþer] bringe towaille {and} bacin, + For to wasse his honden in. 564 + +[Sidenote: but especially often, Claris and Blauncheflur.] + + Þat day þey s{er}uyd him feire; + Anoþer day com{e} another peire; 848 + But most were wonyd into þe Toure, + Clarys and Blauncheflo{ur}. + + Swiche him s{er}ueþ a day so faire; + Amoreȝe moste anoþ{er} peire. + Ac mest were iwuned in to þe tur + Maide Clariz {and} blau{n}cheflur. 568 + + . . . . wel hire mote bi tide + . . . . . amorewe tide + . . . . . ed blanche flur + . . . . hire in to þan to{u}r + . . . . ich am cominge + . . . . . was slepinge + +[Headnote: _Claris invents an excuse for Blauncheflur’s absence._] + +[Sidenote: The next morning Claris calls Blauncheflur, but she falls +asleep again.] + + Clarys com{e} þenne aloon~: + Þe Amyral asked a-noon~, 852 + [_No gap in MS._] + “Where is Blauncheflo{ur} so free? + Why comeþ she not heder w{i}t{h} þe?” + + Clarice, ioie mote hire bitide, + Aros vp in þe moreȝentide, + And haþ icluped blau{n}cheflur + To go wiþ hire in to þe tur. 572 + Q{ua}þ blau{n}cheflur, “ihc am cominge.” + Ac heo hit sede al slepinge. + Clariz co{m} i{n} to þe Tur; + Þe Admiral axede blau{n}cheflur. 576 + + . . . . . . ane wine + . . . . . . . . come + . . . . of herd . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + [Sidenote: [_leaf 8, col. 2_]] + . . . . . . . . . . . + Þe amiral askede blanche[flur] + +[Sidenote: Claris invents an ingenious excuse for her.] + + “Sir,” she seide anoon~ ryȝt, + “She haþ wakyd al þis nyȝt, 856 + And y-cryde and y-loke + And y-redde on hur booke, + And y-bede to god her orysou{n} + Þat he geue þe his benysou{n}, 860 + And þat he holde long~ þy lyf~; + And now þe mayde slepeþ swyth; + She slepeþ so fast, þ{a}t mayde swete, + Þat she may not com ȝete.” 864 + + “Sire, Alniȝt heo set at hire boke, + And haþ þ{er}on irad {and} loke, + And þ{er}on ibede hire oresun, + Þ{a}t god, þ{a}t þolede passiun, 580 + Þe holde, sire, longe aliue; + And nu heo is asleped suiþe, + [_No gap in MS._] + Þ{a}t heo ne mai come to þe.” + + {and} clarisse seyde anonriȝht, + “Sire, he haueþ i waked al niȝht, + {and} iwaked {and} iloked, + {and} irad on hire boke, + {and} ibede to god hire orison, + Þ{a}t ȝeue þe his beniscun, + {and} god þe holde longe aliue. + {and} nou þat mayde slepeþ so suiþe, + Heo slepeþ so faste, þ{a}t mayde suete, + Þat heo ne may nouȝt come ȝete.” + + [_No gap in MS._] + “Certes,” seide þe kyng~, + “Now is she a swete þing~: + Wel auȝt me ȝerne her to wyf~, + Þat so preyeth for my lyf~.” 868 + + “Is þ{a}t soþ?” sede he. 584 + Heo sede, “ȝe, sire, withute lesing.” + “Heo is,” he sede, “a suete þing; + Wel aȝte ihc willen hire to wif, + Þ{a}t so ȝerne biddeþ mi lif.” 588 + + {and} þo bi spak him þe king + Iwis heo is a swete þing. + Wel auȝhte ich wilny habbe hire to wiue + So ȝerne heo bit for mine liue. + +[Headnote: _The ‘Admiral’ doubts Claris’s second story._] + +[Sidenote: The following morning Claris again calls Blauncheflur in vain +to go with her.] + + Anoþ{er} day Clarys erly Aryst; + Þ{a}t Blauncheflo{ur} wełł wyst, + [_No gap in MS._] + And seide, “y com{e} anoon~,” + When Clarys her clepe bygan~, 872 + And fel in a slepe newe. + Sone after it made hem to rewe: + + Amoreȝe, þo Clariz arist, + Blau{n}cheflur heo atwist + Þ{a}t he makede so longe dem{ur}e. + “Aris,” heo sede, “{and} go we ifere.” 592 + Q{ua}þ blau{n}cheflur, “ich come anon.” + Ac floriz cleppe{n} hire bigon, + And he him also vnwise + And feolle aslepe one þis wise. 596 + + Clarisse a noþer day arist, + {and} haueþ blancheflur at wist + Þat heo haueþ so longe de mere, + “Aris vp nou {and} g[on]e ifere.” + Þer heo seyde ich come anon + . . . floyres hire . . . . + Abode þe children ase don wise. + Vell aslepe on þisse wise + On þisse wise hey . . . . . + Sone þer . . . . . . . . + + Clarys to þe Pyler cam~; + A basyn~ of gold~ in hond she nam~, 876 + And Cleped after Blaunchefloure + To wende w{i}t{h} hur in to þe Toure. + + Þo Clarice to þe piler com, + And þe bacin of golde nom, + To bere wiþ into þe Tur, + Heo lokede aft{er} blau{n}cheflur. 600 + + Clarise to þe piler wende anon + A basin of gold þer heo nom, + {and} haueþ ycleped [blanchef]lur + To wende . . . . . . . + Heo ne . . uerede ȝe ne . . + Þo wende clarisse þ{a}t heo were ago. + +[Sidenote: The Admiral again inquires for Blauncheflur, and not content +with Claris’s story,] + + Þe Amyral asked after Blauncheflo{ur}, + [_No gap in MS._] + “What! is she not com{e} ȝet? 880 + Now she me douteþ al to lyte.” + + Þo Clarice com into þe tur, + He axede aft{er} blau{n}cheflur. + “Sire, ihc wende hire finde here; + He was arise are ihc were. 604 + Nis heo noȝt icume ȝete?” + Q{ua}þ he, “heo duteþ me to lite.” + + Þo clarisse com in to þe tur, + Þe amiral askede blanchefl[ur], + {and} askede whi heo ne come, + Also heo was woned to done. + “Heo was arise are ich were, + Ich wende hire habbe ifunde þere. + What nis heo . . icome . . + Wod heo . . . me to . . + +[Headnote: _The ‘Admiral’ finds the children in bed together._] + +[Sidenote: sends his chamberlain, who finds the two children in bed +together.] + + Forþ he cleped his Chamburlayn~, + And bade him wende w{i}t{h} his mayn~ + [Sidenote: [109 _a_]] + To wete why she wyl not com{e} 884 + As she was wonyd to doon~. + Þe Chamburlayn~ is forth noom~; + In to Chambre he is coom~, + + He clupede to hi{m} his chau{m}berlayn, + And het hi{m} go wiþ alle mayn, 608 + For to wite whi heo ne come + To his heste suthe sone. + Forþ he wende sone anon + To hire chau{m}bre þ{a}t he com. 612 + + . . . . . . . chaumberlen + . . . . . . . his . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + So heo was . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + + And stondeþ byfore hur bedde, 888 + And fyndeþ þere, nebbe to nebbe, + Nebbe to nebbe, and mouþ to mouþ. + To þe Amyral it was sone couþ; + Vp in to þe Toure he steyȝ, 892 + And told his lord al þ{a}t he seyȝ. + + In hire bedde he fond tuo, + Wel faste iclupt, aslepe bo, + Neb to neb {and} muþ to muþ; + Sone were here soreȝ{er}en cuþ. 616 + [T]o þe Admiral sone he teȝ + [A]nd tolde him what he iseȝ. + + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + [Sidenote: [_leaf 8, back_]] + . . . . . a ȝe . . . . + . . his louerd wat he i aȝheþ + {and} ȝet he þouhte, are he hem quelle, + Wat he were hui scholden telle. + {and} seþþe he þoute he{m} to deþe don. + +[Sidenote: The Admiral then goes with drawn sword and finds the +children.] + + Þe Amyral late him his swerd bryng{e}, + For wete he wolde of~ þat tydyng{e}: + [_No gap in MS._] + He went to hem þ{er}e þey lay: 896 + Ȝit was she a-slepe þ{er}e ay. + + [Þe] Admiral het his suerd bringe; + [Iw]ite he wolde of þus þinge. 620 + [Fo]rþ he wende wiþ al his mayn, + [He] {and} his chaumberlayn. + [In] þe bed heo fond tueie; + [Ȝit] was þe slep in here eie. 624 + + Þe amirayl bed his swerd him bringe + W[i]te he wolde of þisse tiþinge. + Vorþ he wende mid al his mayn, + Þat he com þer hei boþe leie. + Þe ȝet was þe slep in here eȝe. + + The Amyral lete þe clothes doun~ cast + A lytel by-nethe hur brest, + And sone he knew anoon~ 900 + Þ{a}t oon~ was woman, & þ{a}t oþ{er} groom~. + He quaked for tene þere he stood; + Hem to sloon~ was in his mood~; + Ȝit he þouȝt, or he hem quelde, 904 + What þey were, þey shuld him telle, + And seth he wyl w{i}t{h} dome hem done. + + [He] let Adu{n} þe cloþes caste + [Bin]eþen here breste. + Bi here breste he kneu anon + Þ{a}t on was maide {and} þ{a}t oþ{er} a mon. 628 + + Þe amiral het here cloþes adou{n} caste + A lutel bi neþe here breste. + Þo iseih he wel anon + Þon was may {and} þoþer mon. + Þe amirayl quakede, for angys þe astod, + Hem to quelle, hit was on his mod. + +[Sidenote: They awake and cry for mercy.] + + Þe Children wakyd swyth soone, + And saw þe swerde ouer hem drawe; 908 + Þey ben adrad, and in awȝe. + Þan seide Florys to Blauncheflo{ur}, + “Of~ oure lyf~ is no soco{ur}.” + But þey cryde him m{er}cy swyth, 912 + For to length her lyue. + + Þe children awoke þo anon + And seȝe þe Admiral biuore he{m} gon, + Wiþ his suerd al adraȝe; + Sore hi beoþ offerd {and} wel maȝe. 632 + “Seie,” q{ua}þ þe Admiral, “belamy, + Ho makede þe so hardy, + For to come in to mi Tur + And to ligge bi blau{n}cheflur?” 636 + Hi crieȝ him “m{er}ci,” boþe suiþe, + Þ{a}t he ȝiue hem furst of liue. + + Þe children a woken vnder soon (?) + And seȝen þ{a}t swerd ou{er} hem a drawe, + Hij weren agr . . {and} eþe hui mawe. + . . . . . . . . belami + Who makede þe so hardi + . . . . . . . in my tour + . . . . . . . blancheflur. + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . þe . . . . fore. + Þo seyde floyres to blancheflur, + “Of vre liue nis no socur.” + Ak hei crieþ him merci so suiþe + Þ{a}t he ȝaf hem furst of here liue. + + Vp he bade hem sytte booth, + And do on boþ her cloþ; + Seþ he dide hem bynde fast, 916 + And in p{r}ison~ lete hem be cast. + + Vp he bad hem sitte boþe, + {and} don on here beyre cloþe, + {and} þo he bad hem binde faste, + {and} in to one p{ri}sun he het hem cast. + +[Headnote: _The ‘Admiral’ summons his counsellors._] + +[Sidenote: The Admiral summons his counsellors and tells them the case.] + + Now haþ he after his Barons sent, + To wreke him after Iugement, + Now han þe Barons vndernome, 920 + And to þe Amyral þey ben coom{e}. + + Aft{er} his barnage he haþ isend, + To awreke him wiþ iugem{en}t. 640 + And let he{m} þe while binde faste, + And in to p{ri}son ben icaste. + His palais þ{a}t was so faire ibuld, + Of Erles {and} barons hit was ifuld. 644 + + . . . he . . after his barenage + . . . . he him . . . . + . . . barenage . . . . . + Þ{a}t to nan amyrayl abeþ nome . + . . . . . . . . . ibuld + . . . . . . . . was ifuld. + + He stood vp a-mong{e} hem al, + W{i}t{h} semblant wroþ w{i}t{h}alle, + [Sidenote: [109 _b_]] + And seide: “Lordynges, w{i}t{h} much hono{ur}, 924 + Ȝe herde speke of Blauncheflo{ur}, + Þ{a}t y bouȝt hur dere a plyȝt + For seuen sithes of golde hur wyȝt; + For y wende w{i}t{h}-out wene 928 + Þat feire mayde to haue had to Quene. + + Vp he stod among he{m} alle, + Bi semblau{n}t wel wroþ wiþ alle. + “Lordinges,” he sede, “wiþ muchel hon{ur}, + Ȝe habbeþ iherd of blau{n}cheflur, 648 + Hu ihc hire boȝte apliȝt, + For seuesiþe of gold hire wiȝt. + To hire was mi meste wene, + For to habbe to mi quene. 652 + + Þe amiral stod up among he{m} alle + . . . . . . wreþ mid [alle] + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + [Sidenote: [_leaf 8, back, col. 2_]] + . . . . . . wiþoute w[ene] + To habben hire to mi quene + +[Headnote: _The trial of the children._] + + Among~ my maydons in my Toure + I hur dide, w{i}t{h} muche honoure; + Byfore her bedde my self~ y coom~; 932 + I fonde þ{e}ryn a naked man. + Þan were þey to me so looþ, + I þouȝt to haue sleyn~ hem booþ, + I was so wroþ and so wood~. 936 + + [_No gap in MS._] + Nis noȝt ȝore þ{a}t i ne com + And fond hire wiþ hordom, + Me to schame {and} deshonur, + In hire bedde on mi Tur. 656 + + . . . hire bedde miself ich co[me] + . . . hire ane naked grome + . . . . . . . me wel loþe + . . . . . . . he{m} boþe. + {and} ich was so wroþ {and} wod + + Ȝit y w{i}t{h}drowȝ myn~ hoot blood~ + Tyl y haue sende after ȝow, by assent, + To wreke me w{i}t{h} Iugement. + Now ȝit ȝe woot how it is goon~, 940 + Wreke me soon~ of~ my foon~.” + + [_No gap in MS._] + Ihc habbe ȝou told hu hit is went; + A wrekeþ me wiþ Jugem{en}t.” + + {and} ȝet ihc wiþ drou . . . . + Þ{a}t ich hadde after . . . . + To wreke me þo{r}uh iugem[ent]. + Nou ȝe habbeþ iherd hou it is. + Awrekeþ me of mine fon.” + +[Sidenote: One suggests that the children be heard before being judged.] + + Þan spake a kyng~ of þat londe, + “We haue herd al þis shame and shonde; + But, or we hem to deth deme, 944 + Lat vs hem see, ȝif it þe Queeme, + What þey wolde speke or sygge, + Ȝif~ þey wyl auȝt ageyn~ vs legge: + Hit were nouȝt ryȝt iugement, 948 + W{i}t{h}out answere make acoupement. + + Þa{n}ne spak a freo burgeis, + Þ{a}t was hende {and} curt[eis], 660 + “Sire, are hi beo to diþe awreke, + We mote ihere þe childre{n} speke. + [_No gap in MS._] + Hit nere noȝt elles rist iugem{en}t, + Biþute{n} ansuare to acupem{en}t.” 664 + + ¶ Þo spak a king of þulk . . + “Ȝe habbeþ iherd þis . . . . + Ak are we he{m} to deþe . . . + We schullen i heren þe . . . + What huy wolleþ speke . . . + {and} ȝif huy wolleþ ou . . . + Hit nis no riȝht iugem[ent].” + Wiþ oute onsuere . . . . . + +[Headnote: _The trial continued._] + +[Sidenote: The king of Nubia advises that they be instantly burned.] + + Til þis is herde of~ more and lasse, + What myster is, to bere wytnesse?” + + Þe king of Nubie sede þo, + “For soþ, ne schal hit noȝt go so. + Hit is riȝt þureȝ alle þing + Felons inome hond habbing, 668 + For to suffre Jugeme{n}t + Biþute ansuere oþ{er} acupeme{n}t.” + + ¶ Þe king of nubie . . . . + “Sire, so ne schal hit . . . . + Trait{ou}r þat is nome hond . . + Hit is riȝht þo{r}u alle þ . . . + To beo for don oþ{er} i sch . . + Wiþ outen oni here of . . . + Al þis ihe . . {and} lag . . + {and} bereþ him þer of w . . . + + After þe Children haue þey sent,-- 952 + To brenne hem was his entent;-- + Two s{er}ieauntes hem gan bryng{e} + Toward~ hur al wepyng{e}. + Drery booþ þese children goo; 956 + Ayther bemeneþ oþ{er}is woo. + + Aft{er} þe children nu me sendeþ; + Hem to berne fir me tendeþ. 672 + + After þes childeren . . . . + Hem to for berne þer . . . . + Twene seriauns hem forþ bringe + To fonge here dom sore wepin[ge] + Dreri weren þo chyldren . . + Her eyþer by wepeþ oþer . . + +[Sidenote: Floris reproaches himself to Blauncheflur.] + + Þan seide Florys to Blauncheflo{ur}, + “Of~ oure lyf~ is no soco{ur}: + + Seide floriz to blau{n}cheflur, + “Of vre lif nis no sucur; + Ac min is þe guld {and} þe vnmeþ, + Þ{a}t þu for me schalt þolie deþ. 676 + + ¶ Þo seyde floyres to blanche[flur] + Of vre liue nis no soc[ur]. + + Yf~ kinde of~ man it þole myȝt, 960 + Twyes y shuld dye w{i}t{h} ryȝt, + Oones for my self~, anoþ{er} for the, + For, þy deeþ þ{o}u hast for me.” + [Sidenote: [110 _a_]] + Blauncheflo{ur} seyde þoo, 964 + “Þe gylt is myn~, of oure woo.” + + Ac if cu{n}de hit þolie miȝte, + Ihc oȝte deie tuye wiþ riȝte. + O deþ for þe, on oþ{er} for me; + For þis þu þolest nu for me. 680 + For if i nere i{n} to þis t{ur} icume, + Wiþ mireȝþe þu miȝtest her i{n}ne wune.” + +[Sidenote: He gives her the ring, telling her of its properties.] + + Florys drouȝ forþ þ{a}t ryng + Þat his moder him gaff at her p{ar}tyng~: + “Haue þis ryng~, le{m}man myn{e}; 968 + Þ{o}u shalt not dye while it is þyn{e}.” + Blaunchefloure seide þoo, + [_No gap in MS._] + “So ne shal it neu{er} goo, + Þat þis ryng~ shal help me, 972 + And þe deed on þe see.” + + He droȝ forþ a riche ring, + His moder him ȝaf at his p{ar}ting. 684 + “Haue þis ring, le{m}man min, + Þu ne miȝt noȝt deie þe while he is þin.” + Þe ring he haueþ forþ araȝt + And to blau{n}cheflur bitaȝt. 688 + “Þe ring ne schal neure aredde me; + For deþ ne mai ihc se on þe.” + +[Sidenote: She attempts to force the ring back on him; it falls to the +ground and is picked up by an earl.] + + Florys þ{a}t ryng~ hur rauȝt, + And she it him agayn~ betauȝt, + Nouther ne wyl other deed seene; 976 + Þey let it falle hem bytwene; + A king~ com~ after; a ryng~ he fonde, + And brouȝt it forth in his honde. + + Þe ring heo wolde aȝe reche, + And to floriz hi{m} biteche. 692 + Ac for al þ{a}t heo miȝte do, + He hi{m} nolde aȝen ifo. + And þe ring bi one stunde, + Fel adu{n} to þe grunde. 696 + A duc stupede {and} hi{m} vp nom, + And was þer of wel bliþe mon. + + Þus þe Children wepyng~ com~ 980 + To þe fire and hur doom~. + Byfore þe folk~ þey were brouȝt; + Drery was her bothes þouȝt; + + Nu þes childre forþ me bri{n}geþ + To here dom, al wepinge. 700 + +[Headnote: _The ‘fairness’ of the children excites compassion._] + +[Sidenote: The ‘fairness’ of the children excites compassion.] + + Þ{er}e was noon~ so stern{e} man 984 + Þat þe Children loked oon~, + Þ{a}t þey ne wolde, al wel fawe, + Her iugement haue w{i}t{h}drawe, + And w{i}t{h} grete Catel hem bygge, 988 + Ȝif~ þey durst speke or sygge; + For Flores was so feire a ȝonglyng~, + And Blaunchefloure so swete a þing~, + Þ{er} wyst no man whor hem were woo, 992 + For no semblaunt þ{a}t þey made þoo. + + Ac þ{er} nas no{n} so st{ur}ne mon, + Þ{a}t he{m} lokede vpon, + Þ{a}t nolde þo suþe saȝe + Þ{a}t iugem{en}t were wiþdraȝe. 704 + [_No gap in MS._] + For floriz was so fair ȝongling, + And blau{n}cheflur so suete þing, + Of me{n} {and} wi{m}me{n} þ{a}t buþ nuþe, + Þ{a}t goþ {and} seoþ {and} spekeþ wiþ muþe, 708 + Ne buþ so faire in here gladnesse, + So hi were in here sorinesse. + +[Sidenote: But the Admiral is very wroth.] + + Þe Admyral was so wood~, + Ne myȝt he nouȝt kele his hoot blood~; + He bade þe Children fast be bound~, 996 + And in to þe fire slong~. + + Ac þe admiral was so wroþ {and} wod, + He q{ua}kede for g{ra}me þ{er} he stod. 712 + And het he{m} binde wel faste + And i{n} to þe fire caste. + +[Sidenote: The earl with the ring steps forward and speaks in behalf of +the children.] + + Þat ilk{e} king~ þ{a}t þe ryng~ fond~, + To Amyral he spake and round~, + And wolde hem saue to þe lyf~, 1000 + And told~ how for þe ryng~ þey gon~ stryf~. + Þe Amyral lete hem ageyn~ clepe, + For he wolde here hem speke, + [Sidenote: [110 _b_]] + And asked Florys what he heete: 1004 + And he tolde him ful skeete: + + Þe duc þ{a}t þe ring fu{n}de, + Com to þe Admiral {and} runde, 716 + And al to gad{er}e he gan him schewe; + Of þ{a}t þe children were biknewe. + Þe Admiral let he{m} aȝe{n} clepe, + For he wolde wiþ floriz speke. 720 + +[Headnote: _The ‘Admiral’ is touched with pity._] + +[Sidenote: Floris asks clemency for the maiden, and the maiden prays for +him.] + + “Sir,” he seide, “yf~ it were þy wylle, + Þ{o}u ne getest not þ{a}t maide to spylle; + But, good sir, quel þ{o}u me, 1008 + And lete þ{a}t maide on lyue be.” + [_No gap in MS._] + Blauncheflo{ur} seide byne, + “Þe gilt of~ oure dedes is moyne.” + + “++Sire,” q{ua}þ floriz, “forsoþ ihc telle, + Þu noȝtest noȝt þ{a}t maide quelle. + Of al þis gilt ihc am to wite; + Ihc oȝte deie {and} he go quite.” 724 + Q{ua}þ blau{n}cheflur, “aquel þu me, + And let floriz aliue be. + Ȝef hit n{er}e for mi luue, + He n{er}e noȝt fram his londe icome.” 728 + + Þe Admyral seide þoo 1012 + “I-wys ȝe shul dye boo.” + His swerd he breide out of his sheeth, + Þe Children to haue don{e} to deeth. + Blaunchefloure put forþ hur swire, 1016 + And Florys dide her agayn~ to tyre, + And seide, “I am man; I shal byfore, + W{i}t{h} wrong hast þ{o}u þy lyf loore.” + Florys forth his swerd putte, 1020 + And Blauncheflo{ur} agayn~ him tytte. + + Q{ua}þ þe Admiral, “so ihc mote go, + Ȝe schulle deie togadere bo. + Miself ihc wulle me awreke; + Ne schulle ȝe neure go ne speke.” 732 + Floriz forþ his nekke bed, + And blau{n}cheflur wiþd{ra}ȝe hi{m} ȝet. + Blau{n}cheflur bid forþ hire suere, + And floriz aȝen hire gan tire. 736 + Neiþ{er} ne miȝte þ{er}e þole + Þ{a}t oþ{er} deide bifore. + +[Sidenote: The Admiral is at length touched with pity.] + + Þe king~ seide, “dredry mot ȝe be, + Þis rouþ by þis Children to see.” + Þe king~ þat þe ryng~ hadde, 1024 + For routh of~ hem sone he radde, + And at þe Amyral wyl he spede, + Þe Children fro þe deþ to lede. + + Þo þe Admiral, þeȝ he wroþ were, + Þ{er} he chau{n}gede his chere. 740 + For he seȝ þ{a}t eyþ{er} wolde for oþ{er} deie, + And for he seȝ mani wepinde eie, + And for he luuede so muche þ{a}t mai, + Al wepinge he t{ur}nde away. 744 + His swerd fel of his hond to gru{n}de; + Ne miȝte he hit holde þulke stu{n}de. + +[Sidenote: The earl with the ring speaks for the children.] + + “Sir,” he seide, “it is lytel prys, 1028 + Þese Children for to slee y-wys; + And it is wel more worship, + Florys counsel þ{a}t ȝe weete, + Who him tauȝt þ{a}t ilke gynne, 1032 + Þy toure for to com{e} ynne, + And who him brouȝt þare, + And other, þ{a}t ȝe may be ware.” + + Þe duc þ{a}t here ring hadde, + For he{m} to speke wille he hadde. 748 + “++Sire Admiral,” he sede, “iwis + Hit is þe wel litel pris + Þis feire childre{n} for to quelle. + Ac bet{er}e hit is þ{a}t hi þe telle 752 + Hu he com in to þi tur, + To ligge þ{er} bi blau{n}cheflur. + His engin whan þu hit wite, + Þe bet{er}e wiþ oþ{er}e þu miȝt þe wite.” 756 + + Þan seide þe Amyral, “as god me saue, 1036 + Florys shal his lyf~ haue, + Ȝif~ he me telle who him tauȝt þ{er}to, + Of Florys, þat shal y neuer doo.” + + Alle þ{a}t herde wordes his, + Bisecheþ þ{a}t he g{ra}nti þis. + He het hi{m} telle his engin, + Hu he to blau{n}cheflur co{m} in, 760 + And to hi{m} radde {and} help þarto. + +[Headnote: _Floris tells his story._] + +[Sidenote: Floris refuses to tell how he gained entry to the tower until +pardon has been promised the porter.] + + Now þey bydden al y-wys 1040 + Þ{a}t þe Admyral g{ra}unted þis, + To forȝeue þ{a}t trespas + Ȝif~ Florys told how it was. + + “Þ{a}t,” q{ua}þ he, “nelle ihc neure do, + For þing þ{a}t me mai me do, + Bute hit he{m} beo forȝiue also.” 764 + Alle þoþ{er}e bisecheþ þis, + And of þe Admiral ig{ra}nted is. + +[Sidenote: He then tells his story.] + + [Sidenote: [111 _a_]] + Now eu{er}y word~ he haþ him tolde, 1044 + How þ{a}t maide was for him solde, + And how he was of~ spayn~ a kynges sone, + For grete loue þeder y-com{e}, + For to fonde, w{i}t{h} sum gynne, 1048 + Þat feire maide for to wynne, + And how þe porter was his man by-com{e}, + For his gold and for his warysoun~, + And how he was in þe Florys born{e}. 1052 + Alle þe lordinges lowȝ þ{er}forn{e}: + + Nu ord {and} ende he haþ he{m} itold, + Hu bla[un]cheflur was fram him isold, 768 + And hu he was of spaygne a kinges sone, + For hire luue þuder icume, + To fo{n}den wiþ sume gīnne, + Hu he miȝte hure awi{n}ne, 772 + And hu þureȝ þe cupe {and} þureȝ þe g{er}sume, + Þe port{er} was his man bicume, + And hu he was in a cupe ibore; + Alle þes oþ{er}e lowe þ{er}uore. 776 + +[Headnote: _Scene of reconciliation._] + +[Sidenote: The Admiral lifts them up, dubs Floris knight, and causes +them to be married in church with a ring.] + + Now þe Admyral wol him tyde; + Florys setteþ next his syde, + And efte he made him stonde vpryȝt, 1056 + And dubbed him þere knyȝt, + And bade he shulde w{i}t{h} him be, + Þe furthermost of his meyne. + + ++Þe Admiral þo, wel hi{m} bitide, + Þ{a}t Child he sette bi his side, + And haþ forȝiue his wraþþe bo, + Floriz {and} blau{n}cheflur also. 780 + And sede wiþ him hi scholde be, + Þe beste of al his maine. + + Florys falleþ doun~ to his feet, 1060 + And p{ra}yeþ geue him his sweet. + Þe Amyral gaf~ him his le{m}man~: + Al þ{a}t þ{er}e were, þankyd him þanne. + To a Chirche he let hem bryng{e}, 1064 + And dede let wed hem w{i}t{h} a ryng{e}. + Boþ þese twoo swete þinges y-wys + Fel his feet for to kysse; + + And floriz he makeþ stonde vpriȝt, + And þ{er} he dubbede him to kniȝt. 784 + Nu boþe togadere þes childre for blisse + Falleþ to his fet hem to kisse. + He let he{m} to one Chirche bringe, + And spusen he{m} wiþ one gold ringe. 788 + +[Sidenote: The Admiral takes Claris to be his queen.] + + And þrouȝ consel of Blauncheflo{ur}, 1068 + Clarys was fet doun~ of þe Toure, + And Amyral wedded hur to queene. + Þ{er}e was fest swythe breeme; + I can not telle al þe sonde, 1072 + But rycher fest was neu{er} in londe. + + Þureȝ þe red of blau{n}cheflur, + Me fette Clariz adun of þe Tur. + Þe Admiral hire nam to quene. + Þilke feste was wel breme, 792 + For þ{er} was alle ku{n}nes gleo, + Þ{a}t miȝte at eni briddale beo. + +[Sidenote: Messengers come to Floris announcing his father’s death.] + + Was it nouȝt longe after þan~, + Þat to Florys tydyng~ cam~, + Þ{a}t þe king~ his Fader was deed~. 1076 + + Hit nas þ{er} aft{er} noþing longe + Þ{a}t þ{er} co{m} floriz writ {and} sonde, 796 + Þ{a}t þe king his fader was ded, + +[Sidenote: The Admiral tries in vain to induce him to remain.] + + Þe Baronage gaf~ him reed + Þat he shuld wende hoom~, + And fonge his feire kyngdoom~. + At þe Amyral þey toke leue, 1080 + And he byddeþ þem byleue. + + And þ{a}t he scholde nime{n} his red. + Þa{n}ne seide þe Admiral, + “If þu dost bi mi consail, 800 + Bilef wiþ me; ne wend naȝt hom, + Ihc wulle ȝeue þe a kinedom + Also long {and} also brod, + Also eure ȝet þi fader ibod.” 804 + +[Sidenote: Floris makes rich presents in parting,] + + Hom{e} he went w{i}t{h} royal array, + And was crownyd w{i}t{h}-in a short day. + + (_Follows. _The batełł of Troye_, + sithe þ{a}t god þis world~ wrouȝt~ + Heuen and erthe made of~ nouȝt~ + leaves 111-134. Then _Amys and Amylion_, leaves 134-147. MS. ends + with one leaf of _Sir Eglamour_._) + + Ac floriz nolde for no wi{n}ne; + Leu{er}e hi{m} were wiþ his ki{n}ne. + Þe Admiral he bid god day, + And þo{n}kede Clariz þ{a}t faire may, 808 + And to hire he haþ iȝolde + Twenti pond of ride golde. + And to Daris þ{a}t hi{m} so taȝte, + Twenti pund he araȝte. 812 + And alle þ{a}t for him dude{n} eidel, + He ȝeld here while suþe wel. + +[Headnote: _Floris and Blauncheflur depart for their native land._] + +[Sidenote: and comes home, where he and Blauncheflur reign as king +and queen.] + + He bitaȝte he{m} alle godalmiȝte + And com hom whane he miȝte. 816 + He was king wiþ Muchel hon{ur}, + And heo his quene blau{n}cheflur. + Nu ȝe habbeþ iherd þane ende + Of floriz {and} his le{m}man hende, 820 + Hu aft{er} bale comeþ bote; + God leue þ{a}t vs so mote, + Þ{a}t we him mote louie so, + Þ{a}t we mote to heuene go. AMEN. 824 + + E-X-PLI-C-IT. + + + + +¶ ASSUMPCIOUN DE N{OT}RE DAME + + + _Cambr. Univ. MS. Gg. 4. 27. 2._ + + ++MErie tale telle ihc þis day + Of sei{n}te Marye þ{a}t swete may. + Al is þe tale {and} þis lescoun + Of hire swete asso{m}pcioun, 4 + Hu heo was fram erþe ynome + In to blisse wiþ hire sone. + Þe kyng of heuene hem blessi + Þ{a}t þis listneþ {and} wel herkni. 8 + Alle moten hi iblessed beo, + Þat vnderstonde wel þis gleo. + + +HIC INCIPIT ASSUMPC{I}O B{EA}TE MARIE + + + _Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 10,036, lf. 62._ + + ++IN honorance of ih{es}u cryst + Sitteþ stille {and} haueþ lyst; + And ȝif ȝe wille to me here, + Off oure ladi ȝe mai lere, 4 + Floure of heuene, ladi {and} quene, + As sche auȝt wel to bene, + To wham au{n}geles dou{n} here myȝt + To serue hure boþe day {and} nyȝt. 8 + P{ar} auent{ur}e ȝe haue noȝt iherde + How oure ladi went out of þ{i}s werde: + Sitteþ stille {and} herkeneþ to me; + Now ih{es}u cryst oure helpe be! 12 + + ¶ Whan ih{es}u c{ri}st was don on rode, + {And} þolede deþ for vre gode, 12 + He clepede to hym sei{n}t Iohan + Þ{a}t was his oȝe qenes man, + {And} his oȝene moder also; + Ne clepede he hym fere{n} no mo. 16 + + ¶ Whan ih{es}u c{ri}st was dou{n} on þe rode + And þolede deþ for oure goode, + He callide to hym seynt Iohan, + That was his fleschli kynnes man. 16 + His moder swete he dide also; + He callid no men mo him to. + + And sede, “wif, lo her þi child, + Þ{a}t on þe rode is ispild. + [_No gap in MS._] + Nu ihc am ho{n}ged on þis tre, + Wel sore ihc wot hit reweþ þe. 20 + Mine fet {and} honden of blod [buþ red]; + Biþute gult ih[c] þolie þis ded. + + And seide, “wo{m}man, lo here þi sone, + And, man, take hure to mod{er} i{n} good wone. 20 + And þenkeþ on my sorwe nowe + How I hange here abowe, + How I hange apon{e} a tre, + Ful sore, I wote, hit reweþ þee. 24 + [Sidenote: [leaf 62, back]] + Myn feet, myn hondes, of blode ben rede; + With owte gilt I þole dede. + + Mine men þ{a}t aȝte me to loue, + For whan ihc co{m} fram heuene abuue, 24 + Me haueþ idon þis ilke schame, + Ihc naue no gult; hi buþ to blame. + To mi fader ihc bidde mi bone + Þ{a}t he forȝiue hit hem welsone.” 28 + + But þei haue wille to louen me + For wham I hange on þis tree. 28 + The Iewis me deden mychel schame; + Ther of hadde I neu{er} blame.” + +[Headnote: _Jesus entrusts Mary to John._] + + ¶ Marie stod {and} sore weop; + Þe t{er}res feolle to hire fet. + No wu{n}der nas þeȝ heo wepe sore; + Of soreȝe ne miȝte heo wite nomore, 32 + Whe{n}ne he þ{a}t of hire nam blod {and} fless, + Also his suete wille was, + He{n}g Inayled on þe treo. + + ++MArie his moder sore dide wepe; + The teeres fellen at hure fete. 32 + Nas no wondre þouȝ sche wepe sore; + Of sorwe wist sche neu{er} more. + When he þat of hure flesche nam, + For his holi swete nam, 36 + Honge þ{er} nailed to a tre, + + “Alas, my sone,” seide heo, 36 + “Hu may ihc liue? hu may þis beo? + Hu mai ihc al þis soreȝe iseo? + Ne cuþe ihc neure of soreȝe noȝt; + Mi leue sone, wat hastu þoȝt? 40 + Hou schal ihc lyue biþute þe? + Leue sone, what seistu me?” + + “Alas, my sone,” þo saide sche, + “How mai I lyue? how mai I bene? + How mai I þis sorwe ysene? 40 + Neu{er} ere wist I of sorwe nouȝt; + Leue sone, what hauest þou þouȝt? + How schal I leue w{i}t{h} oute þee? + Leue sone, what saist þou to me?” 44 + + ¶ Þo spac ih{es}u wordes gode, + Þ{er} he heng vpon þe rode, 44 + {And} sede to his moder dere, + “Ihc schal þe teche a trewe ifere, + Þ{a}t trewliche schal loky þe, + Þe while þ{a}t þu in erþe be.” 48 + + Ih{es}u spak þo wordes goode, + As he henge on þe rode, + And seide to his moder dere, + “I schal þee take a trewe fere, 48 + [Sidenote: [leaf 63]] + That trewly schal kepen þee, + While in erþe þou schalt be.” + + ¶ Þo seide vre lord to sei{n}t Iohan, + “For my loue qep me þis wymman. + Ȝem hire wel wiþ al þi miȝte + Þ{a}t noman do hure non vnriȝte.” 52 + + Than seide Ih{es}u to seynt Iohan, + “For my loue kepe wel þis wo{m}man. 52 + Kepe hure wel w{i}t{h} al þi myȝt, + That no man do hure vnryȝt.” + ¶ Þan nam þe apostel, seynt Iohan, + On his kepynge þis wo{m}man. 56 + He kept hure wel w{i}t{h} al his myȝt, + That no man do hure none vnryȝt.[A-1] + + [Footnote A-1: MS. viryȝt] + + In to þe te{m}ple mid hire he nam, + {And} also sone so he þar cam, + Amo{n}g þe lefdis in þe stede, + God to s{er}ui he hire dude. 56 + + To þe temple he hure nam, + And also sone as he þer cam, 60 + God to serue he hure dede, + Amonge þe nu{n}nes in þat stede. + + Þ{er} bilefte heo al hure lif; + Ne louede he noþ{er} fiȝt ne st{ri}f, + Þeo þ{a}t in þe temple were, + Ne miȝte noȝt hire forbere. 60 + Wiþ al hure miȝte þe while heo was þore, + Heo s{er}uede boþe lasse {and} more; + Poure {and} sike he dude god, + {And} seruede he{m} to hond {and} fot. 64 + + Ther sche bileft al hure lyfe, + Ne loued sche noþ{er} fiȝt ne stryf. 64 + ¶ The ladies þat þ{er} Inne weren, + Ful wel þei ne myȝt hure forberen, + For eu{er} þe while sche was þore, + Sche wolde serue las {and} more. 68 + Seke {and} hole sche dide gode + And seruede hem to hande {and} fote. + + Poure {and} hu{n}grie wel faire he fedde, + {And} sike heo broȝte in here bedde. + Nas þ{er} non so hol ne fer, + Þ{a}t to hire nadde mester. 68 + Hi louede hure alle wiþ here miȝte, + For heo seruede he{m} wel riȝte. + + Naked {and} hungry sche cloþed {and} fedde; + Colde {and} seke sche brouȝt to bedde. 72 + [Sidenote: [leaf 63, back]] + Ne was þ{er} noþ{er} seke ne fere, + That þei nadde to hure mystere. + Thei louede hure wel w{i}t{h} al here myȝt; + Sche it serued {and} þat was ryȝt. 76 + + He wakede more þane slep; + Hire sone to s{er}ui was al hire kep. 72 + To him heo clupede wiþ Murie steuene, + {And} hire he sente an au{n}gel fram heu{e}ne, + Te gladie hire him self he cam, + Crist þ{a}t fless of hire nam. 76 + + Sche woke more þan sche slepe; + Hure sone to serue was al hure kepe, + To hym sche callid w{i}t{h} rewful steuene, + And he hure sent an angel fro heuene, 80 + To glade hure, hym self he cam, + That of hure bodi flesche nam. + +[Headnote: _Christ sends to Mary an angel messenger._] + + ¶ Sei{n}t Ion hire kepte {and} was hire dere; + He was hire eure a trewe fere. + Nolde he neure fram hire gon; + Al þ{a}t heo wolde he dude anon. 80 + Þe whiles hi were in þ{a}t stede, + Al þ{a}t heo wolde he hit dede. + Whane heo hadde beo þ{er} longe, + Ten wynt{er}e he{m} amonge, 84 + Hire sone wolde heo come hym to, + Whane he hit wolde, hit was ido. + + Seynt Io{ha}n hure kep{er} was hure dere, + And to hure was a trewe fere. 84 + Ne wolde he neu{er} fro hure gone; + Al þat sche wolde he wolde done. + While sche was in þat stede, + Al þat sche wolde he hure dede. 88 + When sche hadde þ{er} longe ben, + That faire ladi, heuene quen, + Than wolde hure sone sche com hi{m} to. + When he wolde, hit was do. 92 + + ¶ He sente hire on Au{n}gel of heuene, + {And} grette hire wiþ murie steuene. 88 + In þe temple he bad hire bede; + Þ{er} liȝte þe au{n}gel i{n} þ{a}t stede, + {And} sede, “lefdi ful of grace, + + He sent to hure an angel of heuene, + That gret hure w{i}t{h} myry steuene, + Ther sche was {and} bad hure bede, + Lyȝth an angel in þat stede, 96 + [Sidenote: [leaf 64]] + And seide, “ladi, ful of g{ra}ce, + +[Headnote: _The angel announces that Mary will be summoned to heaven._] + + “Wel þe beo in eche place. 92 + Ne beo noȝt of drad þeȝ ihc beo her; + Ihc am þi sones Messager. + Fram hym to þe ihc am icome + Þe grette wel þi dere sone. 96 + Flur of erþe, of heuene quen, + Iblessed mote þu eure ben. + + “Blessed be þou in eche place. + Be nouȝt adrad þouȝ I be here; + I am þi sones messagere. 100 + Fro hym I am to þee come; + He gret þee wel, þi dere sone. + Floure of erþe, heuene quene, + Blessed mote þ{o}u euer bene. 104 + + Wel beo þe time þ{a}t þu were ibore, + For al þis wordle were forlore; 100 + Ef þu nere {and} þ{a}t frut of þe, + Marie lefdi, wel þe be. + Lefdi, best of alle þinge, + Wel bliþe bode ihc þe bringe, 104 + Nym þis palm wiþ þi riȝt honde; + Hit is þi dere sones sonde. + + Wel be þat tyme þat þ{o}u was born, + For al þis worlde hit was forlorn, + Ȝif þou ne were {and} þe fruyt of þee; + Marie, ladi, wel þee be. 108 + Ladi, best of al þinge, + Bliþe tiþynges I þee brynge, + Thou take þis palme þ{a}t I brynge þee; + Thi dere sone haþ sent it þee. 112 + + He þinkeþ lo{n}g hym to se; + Ne schaltu her no leng{er} beo. 108 + He wile senden aft{er} þe, + Fram heuene adun of his meigne, + {And} fecche þe in to his blisse, + Þ{a}t eure schal leste wiþute misse. 112 + Þer he is kyng þu schalt beo quen; + Al heuene for þe schal bliþe beon.” + + The þynkeþ longe hi{m} to see; + Ther fore most I no lengere be, + He schal sende after þee + Of heuene ferde moche plente, 116 + And brynge þee in to his blisse, + That euer was {and} now is. + Þer he is kyng, þou schalt be quene; + Al heuen ryche bliþe schal bene. 120 + [Sidenote: [leaf 64, back]] + And alle him þenkeþ swiþe longe + Til þou comest hem amonge.” + + ¶ Þa{n}ne ansuaredi vre lefdi, + To þe au{n}gel þat stod hire by, 116 + “Artu Mi sones Messager, + Þ{a}t bringest me þis greting her? + Haþ he set me any day + Aȝenes þ{a}t ihc me greþi may, 120 + {And} nyme lyue of mine kenesmen, + {And} myne frend þ{a}t wiþ me beon, + {And} of him þ{a}t haþ me cloþed {and} fed, + {And} don also my sone hym bed?” 124 + + Than answerede oure ladi, + And seide to þe angel, “belamy, 124 + Art þou my sones massagere, + That bryngest me þis bodes here? + Haueþ he me sette any day, + Aȝens when I me greithe may, 128 + W{i}t{h} my frendes {and} my kynnes men, + And w{i}t{h} hem þat I in erþe haue ben, + And hem þ{a}t I haue fedde {and} clad, + And don al þat my sone hem bad?” 132 + + ¶ Þo sede þe aungel, “ihc telle þe; + Þu ne schalt beo her bute daȝes þre. + Þe þridde day we schulle come, + Au{n}gles f{ra}m heuene aboue, 128 + “And fette þe wiþ m{ur}ye song; + For aft{er} þe us þinket long.” + + Tho seide þe angel, “I sei þee; + Thou schalt be here but daies þre. + The þridde dai we schal come, + Alle ix. ordres fram heuen a boue, 136 + “And fecche þee with myry songe; + For after þee vs þinketh longe.” + + ¶ Þanne ansuarede vre lefdy, + “What is þi name, belamy?” 132 + He sede, “my name ne telle ihc þe noȝt; + Bute nym þis palm þ{a}t ihc habbe þe broȝt + {And} kep hit wel ihc bidde þe; + Ne let hit neure f{ra}m þe be. 136 + + To þat aungel seide oure ladi, + “What is þi name, þat standeþ me bi?” 140 + “My name seie I þee nouȝt; + But take þis palme þ{a}t I haue brouȝt. + Kepe it wel, I bidde þee, + Ne lete it neu{er} be fro þee. 144 + + I ne dar no le{n}g dwelle her, + For ihc was sent as Messager. + To þe apostles ihc schal gon, + {And} bidde he{m} alle, eurech on, 140 + Þ{a}t hi beon her þe þridde day; + No leng abiden I ne may.” + + [Sidenote: [leaf 65]] + Ne mai I no lengere abide here, + For I am sent a massagere. + I schal to þe apostles sone anone, + And seie to hem sundry, on {and} one, 148 + That þei ben here þe þridde dai; + No leng{er}e abide I ne mai.” + +[Headnote: _Mary attires herself, then prays to her Son._] + + ¶ Þo he hadde ydon, to heuene he steȝ; + Marie abod {and} was wel sleȝ, 144 + {And} na{m} þ{a}t palm þ{a}t hire was broȝt, + {And} of þ{a}t bode heo hadde gret þoȝt, + In to hire Chau{m}bre stille he nam; + {And} so sone so heo þar cam, 148 + He dude of al hire hat{er}e, + {And} wessch hire body wyþ clene wat{er}e, + Þo heo hauede so idon, + Al y newe schrud heo dude hire on. 152 + + When he had iseide, to heuene he steie; + And marie þ{er} bi-left he. 152 + [_No gap in MS._] + Vn-til hure chambre sone sche nam; + And also sone as sche þider cam, + Sche dide of hure cloþes alle, + And wasche hure w{i}t{h} wat{er} of wille. 156 + So sone as sche hadde dou{n}, + Newe cloþes sche dide hure apou{n}. + + Þo heo was schurd {and} faire iclad, + To ih{es}u c{ri}st abone heo bad, + {And} sede, “sone, ihc þonky þe + Þ{a}t þu hauest iþoȝt of me. 156 + Sone, þu ert of heuene kyng, + Ihc bidde þe þi blessing; + Sone, for þin holy name, + Schild me fram pine {and} fram schame, 160 + Þ{a}t þe deuel ne habbe no myȝt; + + When sche was faire schred {and} clad, + To ih{es}u cryst aboue sche bad, 160 + And seide, “sone, I þanke þee, + That þou hast yþouȝt on me, + My sone, þat is heuene kynge, + I p{ra}ie þee of þi blessing. 164 + Sone, for þyn hye name, + Schelde my bodi fro payne {and} schame, + That þe deuel haue no myȝt; + + To derie me hit were vnriȝt. + Sone, help me nu ihc haue ned, + Þat ine haue of þe feond no dred, 164 + For wiþ þe giles þ{a}t he can, + He bit{ra}ieþ many man. + + To reyue þee hit were no ryȝt. 168 + [Sidenote: [leaf 65, back]] + Kepe me, sone; now is nede + That I ne haue of þe deuel no drede. + For with þe wiles þat he can, + He bigileþ many a man. 172 + +[Headnote: _She announces her departure to her friends._] + + “Leue sone, ne ȝef him noȝt, + Þ{a}t þu hauest so dere iboȝt. 168 + Sune, þu art ful of pite; + For senful manne bid ihc þe, + Þ{a}t þu for þin holy g{ra}ce, + ȝef he{m} boþe wille {and} space, 172 + + “Leue sone, ȝeue hym nouȝt + Man kynde þat þou hast bouȝt. + Mi sone, þat art ful of pite, + For man kynne I p{ra}ie þee, 176 + That þou, for þi holi g{ra}ce, + Ȝeue hem boþe myȝt {and} space, + + Hem to am{en}dy er hy beo ded, + Þ{a}t þe deuel he{m} do no qued. + Þenk, sone, þ{a}t þu hast hem wroȝt, + {And} þ{a}t þu hauest hem dere iboȝt. 176 + For he{m} þu þoledest pine {and} wo; + Wite he{m} wel f{ra}m here fo.” + + Hem to amende or þei ben dede, + That þei haue of þe deuel no drede. 180 + Thynke, leue sone, þ{o}u hast he{m} wrouȝt, + And dere þat þou hast hem bouȝt.” + + ¶ Þo heo hadde bisoȝt so, + Hire frend he clupede hire to, 180 + Boþe sibbe {and} fremde Men, + Wiþ reuful speche heo spak wiþ he{m}, + And sede, “leue frend, my sone + Nele no leng þ{a}t ihc her wone; 184 + He wile ihc wende {and} mid him be. + + When sche hadde p{ra}ied so, + Hure frendes sche callid hure to, 184 + [_No gap in MS._] + Hure sibbe {and} hure kynnes men. + W{i}t{h} reuful steuene sche spak to he{m}, + An seide, “leue frendes, my sone + Wol no leng{er} þat I here wone. 188 + He wol þat I with hi{m} be; + + And bidde ihc ȝou p{ar} charite, + Ȝef ihc habbe eny þing mis wroȝt, + Telleȝ hit me, ne heleþ hit noȝt. 188 + Ihc wulle ame{n}de, {and} þ{a}t is riȝt + Þ{a}t my saule ne beo idriȝt. + + Where fore I p{ra}ie ȝow p{ar} charite, + Ȝif I any þinge haue mys wrouȝt, + Seieþ me now; for-hele ȝe nouȝt. 192 + [Sidenote: [leaf 66]] + I it wole amende with my myȝt, + That my soule haue no vnplyȝt, + + Þat god ȝe habbeþ me ydon, + Mi sone þ{a}t was in rode ydon, 192 + Man to bigge fram þe ded, + Ȝelde hit ȝou at ower ned, + {And} bringe ȝou in to þat blis + Þ{a}t eure ilest þar my sone is.” 196 + + The good þat ȝe haue dou{n} me, + My sone þat was doun on þe tree, 196 + Man to bigge fro þe quede, + He ȝelde it ȝow at ȝoure nede, + And brynge ȝow in to his blis, + Ther I schal be {and} my sone is.” 200 + + ¶ Alle þ{a}t stoden hire by, + Of þ{a}t tiþinge were sory, + {And} sede, “lefdi, hu mai hit be? + Hu schulle we liue wiþ oute{n} þe? 200 + [_No gap in MS._] + Lefdi dere, what hastu þoȝt? + Reu of vs; ne wend þou noȝt. + “In soreȝe {and} in Muche wo + Schulle we lyue beo þu vs fro.” 204 + + ++Alle þat weren hure bi, + Off suche tiþinges weren sori, + And saide, “lady, how mai þis be? + How schulle we lyuen w{i}t{h} oute þee? 204 + Ladi, þou hast vs serued so; + Alas, how schulle we p{ar}te a two? + Swete ladi, what is þi þouȝt? + Rewe on vs; departe vs nouȝt. 208 + “In moche sorwe {and} in myche wo + Schulle we lyue, be þou a go.” + +[Headnote: _John comes and inquires the cause of her grief._] + + ¶ Þanne spak vre lefdy + To hem þ{a}t were hire by, + “Leteȝ beon; ower wepinge ne helpeþ noȝt; + Habbeþ ioye in ower þoȝt. 208 + Þe while ihc am her, wakeþ wiþ me; + Hit doþ me god þ{a}t ihc ȝou se. + + Þan answerede oure ladi + To þat folke þat stode hure bi, 212 + “Lateþ be ȝo{ur} greding~ hit helpeþ noȝt; + And haueþ blis in ȝoure þouȝt. + Whiles I am here, wakeþ w{i}t{h} me; + Hit doþ me good þat I ȝow se. 216 + + Nabbeþ no drede ac witeþ hit wel; + Of pine ne schal ihc þole no del. 212 + Ne schal no soreȝ come me to, + For my sone hit wule so, + Mi body ne schal no pine þole, + For he was þ{er} of ibore, 216 + He þolede pine him self for me, + Þo he deide vpon þe tre. + + [Sidenote: [leaf 66, back]] + Haueþ no drede in wel; + Of peyne schal I þole no del. + [_No gap in MS._] + Mi bodi mai no peyne þolen, + For he was þ{er} of y-boren. 220 + He þoled deþ him self for me; + He honged nailed on þe tree. + + He þ{a}t is almiȝtful kyng, + Schal me sende of his geng. 220 + Ioh{a}n {and} þe apostles, whei hy be, + Alle hi schulle come to me.” + + Mi sone þat is kyng~ of heuene, + Schal me sende worde wel euene; 224 + Ioh{a}n {and} þe apostles, where so þei bene, + Schulle alle come for to sene.” + + Þe while he spac þus to þis men, + Of al þ{a}t þing nuste noȝt Ion. 224 + He com to speke wiþ vre lefdi, + {And} hym þuste heo was sori, + + As sche so spak to þe mon, + Off al þat wist nouȝt seynt Ion. 228 + He come to speke w{i}t{h} oure ladi; + Ferli him þouȝt þat sche was sory, + + And sede, “lefdy, what is þe? + For my s{er}uise tel hit me. 228 + Lefdi, what is þe ised? + Me were leffre to beo ded, + Þane iseo þe make such chere. + What is þe, my lefdi dere? 232 + [_No gap in MS._] + Ne schal ihc neure habbe blis, + Fort þ{a}t ihc wite what þe is.” + + And seide, “ladi, what is þee? + What is þis folk þat I here se? 232 + Seie me, ladi, what is þee?” he sede; + “For me were leu{er} þat I were dede, + Than I þee se suche semblau{n}t make, + “For schal I neu{er} suche a ladi take. 236 + Hastou ouȝt herde þat I ne can, + Off me or of any oþ{er} man? + Schal I neu{er} haue blis + Til I wite, ladi, what þee is.” 240 + +[Headnote: _Mary consoles John._] + + Vre lefdi wep {and} Ioh{a}n also; + Trewe loue was bituex he{m} tuo. 236 + “Lefdi,” he sede, “what is þe? + For my loue, tel hit me.” + Marie ansuerde wiþ Milde steu[ene], + “A sonde Me ca{m} while er fram h[euene], 240 + + _The MS. ends here. Continued from Harl. MS. 2382._ + + [Sidenote: [leaf 67]] + Oure ladi wept and Ioh{a}n also, + For trewe loue was bitwene he{m} two. + Ioh{a}n seide, “ladi, what is þee? + For þi sones loue, seie þou me.” 244 + Marie answerde w{i}t{h} rewful steuene, + And seide, “me cam bode fram heuene, + + _Harl. MS. 2382, lf. 78, bk._ + + fro my sone a messynger; + he wołł no leng{er} that y be here. + but y wote that rueth me, + that y shałł dep{ar}te fro the; 244 + for thi loue and thi s{er}uice + that thu me dost in al wise. + thu hast made me ofte glad; + thu has don{e} as my sone bad. 248 + my sone shal it yelde to the; + y wol hym p{ra}y when y hym se.” + + Fro my sone a massagere; + He wol no lengere þat I be here, 248 + Wite þou wel hit rewiþ me + That I schal, Ioh{a}n, p{ar}te fram þee. + For þi loue {and} þi seruyce + That þou hast dou{n} on eche wise, 252 + Thou hast me boþe fed {and} clad, + And doun also my sone þee bad. + My sone schal it wel ȝelde þee; + I schal him telle when I him se.” 256 + + [Sidenote: Ioh{ann}es] + Tho answerd to her{e} seynt Ioh{a}n, + and was a fułł sory man~, 252 + “A, lady Marie, what shal y be + when y shałł the no leng{er} se? + my ioye thu art eu{er}y dełł; + no leng{er} in erthe worth y wełł, 256 + now we shul dep{ar}te a two.” + + Than answerde seynt Iohan, + That was a ful sori man, + And seide, “ladi, how mai þis be + That I schal þee no more se? 260 + Mi ioie, my blis, is do{u}n eche del; + Ne schal me neu{er} worþen wel, + Sithen we ben p{ar}ted atwo.” + + [Sidenote: Maria] + Then seid Marie, “whi seist þ{o}u so? + for sothe, thogh y go be-fore, + yet shal thu not be for-lore. 260 + y shall p{ra}y my lef sone, + that thu may vnto vs come. + And o thyng, Ioh{an}, y bidde the, + [Sidenote: [leaf 79]] + for the loue thu hast to me, 264 + + Þo seide our ladi, “why saistou so? 264 + [Sidenote: [leaf 67, back]] + Wite þou wel, I go be-forn; + Thi seruyse schal noȝt be forlorn; + I schal to my sone seie of þee + That þou with hym {and} me schal be. 268 + But herestou now, my frende Io{ha}n, + When þou sest þat I am gon, + + [Sidenote: no{t}a hic v{er}b{is} Marie] + loke anon{e} when y am nome, + that the fals Iewys ne come + my body for to don{e} shame, + for thei haten moche my name. 268 + thei wole feyn shame me, + that honged my sone on þ{e} rode tre. + y wote wełł thei loue me noght; + ther-for thei ben{e} mysthought. 272 + + Kepe my bodi þat I ne be binomen, + When þe fellon Iewes comen, 272 + Mi bodi forto doun no schame, + For þei hate no þing~ more þan my name. + Mi sone þei hongen on a tre; + Wel I wote so wolde þei me. 276 + I wote wel þei louen me nouȝt; + But þ{er} of be þi most þouȝt. + + when y am be-nome fro the, + to my body they do no foly. + Ih{es}u Crist our{e} aller{e} dright, + gef ham neu{er} that ilke myght.” 276 + + When I am p{ar}ted, Ioh{a}n, fram þee, + That þei do my bodi none euelte. 280 + My sone, þat woneþ i{n} heuene liȝt, + Lete hem neu{er} þ{er} to haue myȝt.” + +[Headnote: _The apostles arrive from distant regions._] + + [Sidenote: Ioh{ann}es] + seynt Ioh{an} answerd tho, + “sey me, lady, if it is so, + that we shall dep{ar}te atwo. + “swete lady, how shałł y do? 280 + sey me þe tyme when it shal be, + that thu shalt to heuene te.” + + “Ladi, sithen hit is so, + That we schal dep{ar}te a two, 284 + Seie me how long hit is to þan.” + + [Sidenote: Maria] + she seid, “Ioh{a}n, that þ{o}u shałł se; + ne bide y here but dayes thre.” 284 + Then was Ioh{an} ful hertely sory. + + “For soþe,” marie seide to Iohan, + “Bi þis {and} þe þridde day, + No leng{er} abide I ne may.” 288 + [Sidenote: [leaf 68]] + When he it herde, he was sory; + + [Sidenote: Ioh{ann}es] + wepand he seyd, “dame, m{er}cy! + how shal y leue? how shal y fare? + now cometh al my sorow {and} care. 288 + my lord was hard y-broght to detħ, + thurgh fals Iewis that couthe no metħ. + now shal our{e} lady me fro; + now cometh to me al my woo. 292 + wold god that y wer{e} ded, + for right now can y no red.” + + He wept, {and} seide, “ladi, mercy. + How schal I lyue? how schal I fare? + How schal I blis or ioie haue? 292 + Furst my lord was brouȝt to dede, + Thorw þe felun iewes rede, + And now my ladi wil me fro, + Swete lord, now me is wo. 296 + Wolde my lord I wolde be dede, + For I ne can no bett{er} rede.” + + [Sidenote: [leaf 79, back]] + + [Sidenote: Maria] + “Nay,” she seid, “whi seist thu so? + angelis the shałł come to, 296 + and loke to the wher{e} thu be, + erlich and late to comfort the.” + + “Ioh{a}n,” sche seide, “whi seistou so? + Th[e] aungeles schal þee come to, 300 + To kepe þee where so þou be, + Erliche {and} late to gladen þee.” + + [Sidenote: no{t}a de ap{osto}lis om{n}ib{us} mirac{u}lose.] + when she spake to seynt Ioh{a}n, + thapostellis cam yn eu{er}ychon~, 300 + and none of hem wiste be-forn~, + how thei wer{e} thed{er} y com, + + Whiles he spak so to seynt Ion, + Come þe apostles eu{er}ychon, 304 + To gidre; but þei wist nouȝt + How þei weren to gidre brouȝt; + + and seid, “lady, ne drede þ{o}u noght, + thi sone hath vs hider broght, 304 + to knowe the for our{e} lady, + while that we ben{e} the by.” + + Off oþ{er}es come ne wist none; + But of hure come bliþe was Ion. 308 + He cust hem alle, so fayn he was, + And seide, “deo gracias; + Blessed, ih{es}u, be þi myȝt, + For it is faire and hit is ryȝt 312 + [Sidenote: [leaf 68, back]] + That þi moder come to þee, + That sche faire welcom be + Of þine apostles þ{a}t most þee louen, + I ne wote how þei ben hidre ycomen.” 316 + Than seide Petyr to seynt Ion, + “Whi art þou so sory A mon? + +[Headnote: _John bids them go and greet Mary._] + + (_Not in Harl. 2382_) + + “Whi wepistou, {and} what is þee? + For felaschip telle þou me. 320 + I schal þee seie, seynt Ion, + Whi I am so sory a mon, + But seie me furst, for godes loue, + Whi ȝe arn hider icome, 324 + And weryn so wide isprad: + Seieþ what haþ ȝou hidre ilad.” + + Tho seide Petyr a ferli þinge: + “I was fer hens atte my p{re}chinge. 328 + I was so henne i{n} anoþer londe + And helde my boke in my honde, + And tauȝt men of my sermo{u}n, + I ne wote how I cam to þis toun.” 332 + So seide alle þat weren þere, + Suche wondre sawe I neu{er} ere. + + None of hem ne wist þorw wham, + [Sidenote: [leaf 69]] + Ne what wai þei þidre cam, 336 + Than seide seynt Io{ha}n, “for soþe, I wys, + I schal ȝow telle what it is. + Comeþ wiþ me in to þis hous; + Oure ladi þer abideþ vs. 340 + Sche ordeyneþ hure to fare vs fro, + For hure sone hit wolle so. + Hure sone haþ sent his messagere; + He wol no lengere þat sche be here. 344 + And hider he haþ ȝow alle ysent + To kepe hure bodi when sche is went. + Bi fore hure knele ȝe alle bi-dene + And seieþ, ‘ladi, heuene quene, 348 + Off alle wy{m}men, best þee be; + Thi sone vs haueþ sent to þee, + To kepe þee {and} do þi wille: + Vs þenkeþ wel þat it is skille, 352 + That heuene {and} erþe bowe þee to, + For þi sone hit wol so, + Thi sone, þat is heuene kynge, + And alle þing haþ in his kepinge.’” 356 + Than comen þe apostles alle, + And bi hure bigan to falle. + Vp ros oure swete ladi + And kist þe apostles bi {and} bi. 360 + [Sidenote: [leaf 69, back]] + Off here come sche was glad; + Alle þei dide þat sche bad. + Sche asked hem how þei come þere, + That sprad so sundry were. 364 + The seide in ful good þouȝt, + “Thi sone vs haþ hidre ybrouȝt + To kepe þee, {and} by þee by; + Ther fore we comen to þe, lady.” 368 + +[Headnote: _Mary bids them keep her body from the Jews._] + + [Sidenote: Maria] + “Blessid,” she seid, “be my sone.” + glad was she was of her{e} come. 308 + “y am his mod{er},” so seid he, + “glad ther for may y be. + now when it is my sones wille + to hym y come, {and} that is skyle, 312 + to my body ye loke al so, + that my foos ne come ther to. + + Ful bliþe sche was of here come; + “Blessed,” sche seide, “be my sone! + [_No gap in MS._] + When it is my sones wille + That I come him to, hit is skille. 372 + Mi bodi ȝe schal kepe so + That þ{er}-to come nouȝt my fo. + Kepeþ faire my body, + That none do me no vilany. 376 + The Iewis ben ful of felony; + My sone þei slow þorw enuye. + + moche hateth they my name; + ther for wold thei do me shame. 316 + y you bidde p{ur} charite, + for the loue ye haue to me, + when y fare to heuene blisse, + waketh ther my body ys. 320 + + The haten no þing more þan my name, + God late hem neu{er} do me schame. 380 + Ther fore I p{ra}ie ȝow, p{ur} charyte, + And for þe loue þat ȝe haþ to me, + When I am faren to heuen blis, + Wakeþ alle þ{er} my body is. 384 + + loketh bothe nyght {and} day, + that þ{e} Iewis bere it not away. + thay wold it brenne or do shame. + Ih{es}u, for thi holy name, 324 + gef ham neu{er} strengthe to haue + my bodi in erthe for to laue.” + + [Sidenote: [leaf 70]] + Kepiþ it boþe nyȝt and dai, + That no Iewe stele it awai. + Thei wolde it brenne or do it schame; + But ih{es}u, for þi holi name, 388 + Late hem neu{er} þ{er}-to haue myȝt, + For sikirli hit were vnryȝt.” + + [Sidenote: [leaf 80]] + Thei answerd, “for sothe, y-wys, + it shal be as thi wille ys.” 328 + The whiles Marie badde her{e} bone + to the apostellis eu{er}ychone, + + Thei seiden, alle soþe, I wys, + “Hit schal be, ladi, as þi wille is.” 392 + Whiles oure ladi spak~ so + To þe apostles þat come hure to, + + [Sidenote: Angelus] + an Angel a-light on that stede, + and seid, “Marie, god herd þ{i} bede, 332 + and all they that ben{e} w{i}t{h} the; + “loke that thu arayed be. + thu shalt to heuene {and} be quene; + ful blithe may thi hert bene. 336 + thu shalt in hast be in heuene.” + + Come an aungel {and} stode hure bi, + And seide, “wel þee be, ladi, 396 + And so be alle þat ben þee bi; + “Loke þou be ful redi. + Þou schalt to heuene {and} be made quene; + Ful bliþe mai þine hert bene. 400 + Alle schal þee s{er}ue, þe company of heuene.” + + when o{ur} lady herd this steuene + the angel seid her{e} then to, + ful of blisse was she tho. 340 + to her{e} bed she went to aray, + a-boute þ{e} tyme of hy mydday. + Ioh{a}n the apostell sate her{e} by, + to kepe her{e} body sikerly. 344 + + As soone oure ladi herd þat steuene + That þe aungel seide hure to, + Wel ful of Ioie was sche þo; 404 + Sche ȝede to hure bedde {and} lai, + A bowte þe tyme of myddai; + Ioh{a}n {and} þe apostles weren hure bi, + To kepen hure as oure ladi. 408 + [Sidenote: [leaf 70, back]] + Sche badde Io{ha}n {and} þe apostles alle, + To kepen hure what so bi falle. + +[Headnote: _Jesus tells the angels about His life on earth._] + + ++Sitteþ now stille, boþe more {and} lesse, + And herkeneþ of þe moche blesse 412 + Off Ih{es}u, þ{er} he come so lyȝt: + He dide his mod{er} ful moche riȝt, + As a sone auȝt his moder to done, + He callid þe aungeles eu{er}ychone, 416 + And alle þe mayne þat was i{n} heuene, + And seide to hem with mury steuene: + “Co{m}meþ with me to my le{m}man! + Sche is my moder; hure sone I am; 420 + Off hure I toke flesche {and} blode. + And sithen I hange on þe rode, + I þ{a}t eu{er} was {and} ay schal ben, + In al þis blisse þat ȝe here sen, 424 + I hadde reuþe on al mankyne, + That alle went to helle pyne. + I made man to serue me, + And þorw þe appel of a tre, 428 + That adam toke {and} ete it Inne, + To helle he went, {and} al his kynne. + + [Sidenote: odor suauissim{us} de p{a}radiso venit] + emonge them alle sone ywys, + a swete smełł cam fro p{ar}adys, + swete it was, and ferly, + that alle þ{a}t wer{e} tho her{e} by, 348 + bothe yong {and} olde {and} eu{er}ychon{e}, + thei fełł a-slepe, {and} þ{a}t anon{e}. + alle the slepte, saue our{e} lady. + + “Hit rewid me, and for-þouȝt sore, + And I it wolde þole no more. 432 + [Sidenote: [leaf 71]] + I lyȝt doun, {and} man bi-cam, + And of þat maide flesche nam. + +[Headnote: _He announces that He will bring Mary to heaven._] + + [Sidenote: no{t}a de t{ra}nsitu s{an}c{t}e Marie] + herkeneth now, y tełł yow why. 352 + and als sone thei wer{e} a-slepe, + it gan to thondr{e} al vnmete, + and the erthe so swithe gan quake, + as al the world shuld to-shake. 356 + Marie awaked then seynt Ioh{a}n + and the apostels eu{er}ychon, + thre maydens þ{a}t wer{e} the[re]-ynne, + and no man els of hir{e} kynne. 360 + “waketh now, and slepe ye nought! + Sone y worth to heuene be broght; + now is tyme y wer{e} a fare, + Shałł y neu{er} more suffre care.” 364 + + “Bi fore alle oþ{er} I hure ches, + And I was born of hure flesches. 436 + Thritti wynt{er} {and} so{m}me del more, + Men to wissen, I was þore. + Men dide me moche euelte; + Myn owyn þat ouȝt for to be, 440 + Thei token me {and} bette me sore, + And atte þe last þei dide wel more, + With oute gult þei me swongen, + And to a piler þei me bounden. 444 + Nailes þei smyten in my fette; + Off blode myne handes weren rede. + Myn hert þei stongen w{i}t{h} a spere; + That sawe alle þat weren þere. 448 + Ther I hange nailed on þe tree, + My modre was wel wo for me, + And also was hure cosin Ion. + I callid hure to me soone anon, 452 + And seide, ‘Io{ha}n, for my loue, + Kepe wel þis wyf; I am hure sone.’ + Boþe þei wenten þo fro me; + Al one I hanged on þe tree, 456 + [Sidenote: [leaf 71, back]] + Mi soule fram my bodi I nam, + In to þe pyne of helle sone I came. + Alle my frendes þat I þer fonde, + I toke hem oute w{i}t{h} my ryȝt honde, 460 + Adam {and} Eue {and} many mo, + I dide hem oute of helle go. + When I hadde harwed helle, + And don as I ȝow telle, 464 + And fet adam fro þe quede, + The þridde dai I ros fro dede. + Fram erþe to heuene I cam; + God {and} man, bothe I am, 468 + In heuene {and} in erþe is my myȝt; + “Now I wol forþe in ryȝt, + That my modre be me bi; + This tyme I wol for þi, 472 + Comeþ with me with mury songe, + And do we hure come vs amonge.” + +[Headnote: _Conversation between Jesus and Mary._] + + [Sidenote: Ih{es}us] + Tho cam Iesus from heuene, + w{i}t{h} angelis {and} archangelis seuene, + yn to hir{e} bour{e} w{i}t{h} mery song; + moche merthe was them among. 368 + no wond{er} thogh ther be blisse + in eche place ther Ih{esus} ys. + + Than cam ih{es}u w{i}t{h} his mayne, + Aungeles, archaungeles, moche plente, 476 + In to þe chambre þ{er} sche was Inne, + with ful many of hure kynne. + That chambere was ful of moche blis, + As eu{er} is þer ih{es}u is. 480 + + none of them that wer{e} there + a soche blisse saw they ner{e}. 372 + amonge al blisses of the trone + Mary knew her{e} leue sone. + + [Sidenote: Maria] + when she hym saw, she was ful glad, + he herd the bone that she bad. 376 + + [Sidenote: [leaf 72]] + Tho seide alle þat were þere, + Suche a blis sawe þei neu{er} ere. + Amonge þat Ioie {and} þat glewe, + Oure ladi, hure sone knewe. 484 + When sche hi{m} sawe, sche was glad; + Listeneþ þe bede þat sche bad: + + “y-blessed mote that tyme be + that thu wer{e} born{e} of me. + hit is sene, y am thi moder + when thu comest þi self hider. 380 + Furst þ{o}u sendest thyn apostelis to me; + now thu comest w{i}t{h} thi meyne, + to fette me vnto that blisse + that eu{er} lasteth w{i}t{h} ałł gladnesse. 384 + Sone thu art hider y-come + w{i}t{h} thyn angelis from a-bone. + do þ{o}u now what thi wille ys; + me hath longed to the, y-wys.” 388 + + “Sone, blessid mote þou be, + That þou bicome man of me; 488 + Hit is wel sene, I am þee dere, + Now þi self art comen here. + Thine apostles þou sendist furst to me, + And now þou art come w{i}t{h} þi meyne, 492 + To fecchyn me in to þi myȝt: + Was neu{er} modre sone so bryȝt. + Mi leue sone, now art þou come + With þi meyne, here a bone. 496 + Do, my sone, þat þi wille is; + To þee me þinkeþ longe I wis.” + + [Sidenote: Ih{es}us] + Then Iesus to Marie sede, + [Sidenote: [leaf 81]] + “Moder, w{i}t{h} ioye y wołł the lede. + of all wy{m}men the worth best, + in heuene blisse that shal lest. 392 + ther y am kyng; thu shalt be quene; + in grete ioye thu shałł bene.” + + [_No gap in MS._] + “Modre,” he seide, “come with me; + Of alle wymen best þee be. 500 + [_No gap in MS._] + Thou schalt to heuen {and} be made quene; + Wel bliþe may þine hert bene.” + + [Sidenote: Maria] + “leue sone, y be-seche the + o thyng that thu telle me. 396 + shall y any deuyłł se, + or any w{i}t{h} the shałł be? + “for y loue them neu{er} on{e}, + thei ben{e} noght, so mote y gon{e}.” 400 + + “Sone,” sche seide, “I be-seke þee + O þing þat þou graunt me, 504 + [Sidenote: [leaf 72, back]] + That I noȝt þe deuel se, + Ne none þat eu{er} w{i}t{h} him be. + “I loue hem nouȝt; þei arn my fone; + Ne wolde I neuer sene hem none.” 508 + +[Headnote: _Jesus promises mercy to man for Mary’s sake._] + + [Sidenote: Iesus] + “Moder, y sey, drede thu noght; + ne stode it neu{er} on my thoght, + for thu shalt no deuyłł se, + y wołł go be-fore the; 404 + ne þ{o}u shalt no deuyłł heren{e}, + but only me {and} my feren{e}. + Maiden {and} mod{er}, eu{er} thu be wełł; + thu shalt of sorwe wete no dełł. 408 + alle the spirettes that meten w{i}t{h} the, + buxom to the shałł they be. + Moder, one thyng y gef to the; + thu shalt be in heuene w{i}t{h} me. 412 + + “Moder,” he seide, “ne drede þee nouȝt; + Ne come it neu{er} in my þouȝt; + Ne wille I neu{er} more þole + That any of hem come þee bi fore; 512 + Ne schal þou neu{er} se-ne here + But me {and} aungeles, þine fere. + Moder, a ȝift I schal þee ȝyue, + Thou schalt with me in heuene lyue, 516 + And more schal I ȝeue þee; + Al heuene companye schal s{er}ue þee. + + “mod{er}, for the loue of the, + y wołł haue m{er}cy and pite + of al man kynde thurgh þ{i} p{ra}y{e}re, + yf þ{o}u ne were, they wer{e} for-lore. 416 + + “Modre, for þe loue of þee + I schal haue m{er}cy {and} pite 520 + Off al man kynne for þi p{ra}iere, + That were forlorn ȝif þou ne were. + + [Sidenote: no{t}a bene de seruientib{us} s{an}c{t}e Marie deuote] + “and of them namelich + that the serueth trulich, + and that to the don{e} m{er}cy crye + and sey, ‘help vs, dere ladye,’ 420 + In what synne that thei be, + [Sidenote: [leaf 81, back]] + mod{er}, for the loue of the, + + “Alle þat dou{n} þee worschipe, + And seruen þee wel, {and} treuliche 524 + Bi seke to þee, {and} m{er}cy will crie, + And seyn, ‘help, seynt marie,’ + In what peyne so he be, + Moder, for þe loue of þee, 528 + [Sidenote: [leaf 73]] + I schal hem reles sone anon; + For þi loue I schal þus done. + + “thogh a man had lad his lyf + in onde, in synne, {and} in strif, 424 + yf he on his last dawe + wepe {and} crye, {and} to the be-knawe, + and telle it oute vnto the preste, + + “Ȝif any haue ben al his lyue + In hede synne, maide or wyue, 532 + And he wille, on his last þrowe, + Schryue him {and} ben y-knowe, + And telle it, ȝif he haue þe p{re}st, + + [Sidenote: no{t}a bene de co{n}fessione] + “or in case, vnto his nexte, 428 + yf that he may do no more, + but that he aruwe it sore, + in what synne that he be, + moder, for the loue of the, 432 + I wołł of hym haue mercy. + and sitthe he shałł come me by, + + “Or a noþer man þat is him nest, 536 + And ȝif he ne mai do no more, + But þat him forþinkeþ sore, + In what synne so he be, + Moder, for þe loue of þee, 540 + I schal on him haue m{er}cy, + And sithen þei schulle wone þee bi. + +[Headnote: _Mary is borne to Heaven._] + + “thogh a man had fully wroght + all the synne that he had thought, 436 + and he on his laste day + in none other wise may, + yf he wepe and telle to the, + in what synne that he be, 440 + + “Ȝif a man hadde al one wrouȝt + Alle þe synnes þat myȝt be þouȝt, 544 + And he on his last dai, + Ȝif he none ere ne mai, + Repent him, {and} calle to þee, + In what synne so he be, 548 + + full wełł y shałł his bone here, + for thi loue, my moder dere. + + I schal here his p{ra}iere, + For þi loue, modre dere, + Al þat þou wolt bi seke fore, + Be it lasse, be it more, 552 + [Sidenote: [leaf 73, back]] + Hit schal ben aftur þi wille, + For I it wille, {and} þat is skille, + Þat no þing with seie þee, + Off þat þou wolt biseke me.” 556 + + Alle tho that thu wolt bidde fore + and blesse the tyme þ{a}t thu wer{e} bore. 444 + of all{e} thyng y-blessid thu be, + for that y bidde, thu g{ra}untes me.” + + ++Oure ladi knelid him bi forn, + And seide, “þe tyme þ{a}t þ{o}u were born, + Ou{er} alle oþ{er} blessed þou be, + For alle þat I wol, þou g{ra}untest me.” 560 + + Then Ih{esus} his hand vp heue, + and to his mod{er} his blessyng yeue, 448 + and called to hym seynt Mighełł, + and seid, “kep thu my mod{er} wełł, + that she fele no man{er} fere; + ther is no thyng to me so dere.” 452 + + ¶ “So I auȝt, moder, {and} so I wille;” + He left vp his hond {and} blessed hure stille; + His blessing sche þouȝt good, + And he hure soule vndrestode. 564 + He callid to him seynt myȝhel, + “Thou kepe me þis soule wel, + Thou and alle þine fere; + Is no þinge me so dere.” 568 + + [Sidenote: Ih{esus} assu{m}psit a{n}i{m}am matris] + and when he had the soule hent, + and she was fro the body went, + Then all the verdoun{e} of heuene + [Sidenote: [leaf 82]] + fett that soule full aboue; 456 + w{i}t{h} the verdoun{e} to heuene thei come, + w{i}t{h} gret ioye she was yn nome. + she was made quene of heuene + and blessid hir{e} sone w{i}t{h} mylde steuene. 460 + + Alle þat mayne þat cam fro heuene, + Thei syngen w{i}t{h} a myry steuene; + Men myȝt wite bi here songe + That moche ioie was hem amonge. 572 + With alle þat mayne to heue{n} he hure nam; + And as soone as he þer cam, + He made hure quene of heuen liȝt; + Blessid be hure sones myȝt! amen! 576 + +[Headnote: _The apostles in procession bear the body through +Jerusalem._] + + [Sidenote: no{t}a modum assumpc{i}onis anime Marie p{er} ih{es}um] + ++Now shałł ye here how she was nome, + wher she was, {and} whed{er} be-come. + when þe soule fro þe body was nome, + god bede seynt Petr{e} to hym come: 464 + “for the loue y owe to the + my mod{er}-is body thu kep to me. + + [Sidenote: [leaf 74]] + ++Now schal we here of þe bodi, + Where it bi cam, {and} where it li. + When þe soule was þ{er}e fro hure nomen, + Than bad god Pet{er} to him comen, 580 + And seide, “Pet{er}, I comaunde þee, + Mi moder bodi kepe þou me. + Ioh{a}n {and} alle þine fere, + Nis no þinge me so dere; 584 + + when y first to erthe came, + of this body flesħ y name. 468 + y was of this body bore, + ther-for, Petr{e}, go thu be-fore, + and thi bretheren forth w{i}t{h} the + vnto Iosaphatħ that vale, 472 + and leueth it ther{e} sone anon{e}; + + When I furst in þis worlde cam, + Off hure bodi flesche I nam; + Off hure bodi, I was born, + Petyr, go forþe þou be forn, 588 + Thou {and} alle þine feres w{i}t{h} þee, + To Iosephat, to þat vale, + And leiþ þe bodi in a stone; + + and drede ye nothyng of yo{ur} foon{e}, + To Ierusalem thurgh that toun{e} + goth feire w{i}t{h} your{e} p{ro}cession{e}. 476 + + Haueþ no drede of ȝoure fone; 592 + Goth with faire processioun + To ier{usa}l{e}m þorwe þe toun. + Doþ þe belles alle to ryngen, + And loke þat ȝe mury syngen. 596 + Loke þat ȝe haue candele, + Torches boþe faire {and} fele. + + foure of them shul bere þ{e} bere, + for one shal kepe my mod{er} dere. + and for no thyng dredeth ye, + for y my self wol w{i}t{h} yow be.” 480 + when Ih{esus} had thus y-seyd, + and the body in bere was leyd, + he yeaue them alle his blessyng, + and styed to heuene, þ{er} he was kyng. 484 + which blessyng he geue tiłł vs, + our{e} blessid lord, swete Iesus. + + Foure of þe apostles schal bere þe beere; + Ther-on schal ligge me modre deere. 600 + [Sidenote: [leaf 74, back]] + Haueþ no drede of no Iew, + For I my self schal be w{i}t{h} ȝow.” + When ih{es}u hadde him so seide, + And þe bodi was on bere leide, 604 + He ȝaf hem alle his blessinge + And stye to heuen, þ{er} he is kynge. + + Tho to them seyd seynt Ioh{a}n, + “go we thed{er} right anon{e}, 488 + and g{ra}y we tħis p{ro}cessioun{e}, + [Sidenote: [leaf 82, back]] + And go we syngand thurgh þ{e} toun{e}.” + + ¶ To hym þo seide seynt Ion, + “Felawes, go we soone anon, 608 + And t{ur}ne we þis p{ro}cessioun, + And synge we faire þorw þis toun.” + + four{e} of the apostelis that ther wer{e}, + that holy body fourth dud ber{e}. 492 + ful mery thei song, {and} that was right; + many tapers ther-w{i}t{h} thei light. + The Iewis that wer{e} Cristes foon{e}, + this thei herd sone anon{e}. 496 + + [_See the parallel lines to these, below, on page 130, col. 2._] + + [[a491-516 = h689-704]] + +[Headnote: _The Jews attack the procession, but are rendered +motionless._] + + thei asked what was the crye. + we seid it was seynt Marie, + that seynt Petr{e} and his fere + bare Marye apon{e} a bere. 500 + + [Sidenote: no{t}a cont{r}a iudeos] + “Allas,” q{uo}d the Iewis, “for shame, + yf thei scape, we ben{e} to blame. + arme we vs swithe anon{e} + and let vs take them eu{er}ychon{e}. 504 + that body also, take we it, + and cast it in-to a foule pytt. + Cast we it in a foule sloo, + and moche shame we it do.” 508 + Tho cam thei lepe thedeward; + that be-fełł them swithe hard. + two of the Iewis that ther{e} wer{e}, + wer{e} honged ouer the bere. 512 + + [Sidenote: no{t}a mirac{u}l{u}m] + Ih{esus} Crist wold se no shame, + by his mod{er} swetely came. + ful sone had thei godd{es} g{ra}me; + he them made bothe holt {and} lame. 516 + +[Headnote: _A Jew repents and receives his strength again._] + + of alle þ{e} Iewes ther was none + that eu{er} myghte further gone. + one of them that ther{e} wer{e}, + had knowed Petr{e} be-fore. 520 + + Ther was a Iew hem amonge, + Off þe apostles harde þe songe. 612 + To þe beere he cam lepand, + And as he wolde lai on his hande; + + [Sidenote: Iudeus] + the Iewe gon clepe to Petr{e} sone, + and seid to hym w{i}t{h} wepand bone: + and seid then, “knowest þ{o}u noght, + [Sidenote: [leaf 83]] + when Crist was to deth broght, 524 + how thu hym folwest, and y þe knew, + now, y the p{ra}y, on me th{o}u ruwe, + and pray to Crist, if it may be, + that he now haue m{er}cy on me.” 528 + + To þe bere he cleued fast, + And to Petir he criede atte þe last, 616 + And seide, “Petir, þenkest þou nouȝt, + When þi lord was to vs brouȝt, + Thou him forsoke, {and} I þe knewe? + P{ra}ie for me,” seide þe Iewe, 620 + “P{ra}ie þi lord, ȝif I mai so be, + That he haue m{er}cy on me. + + [_No gap in MS._] + + Thenke,” q{uo}d þe Iewe, “what I þee dede. + When þou was w{i}t{h} vs in þat stede, 624 + [Sidenote: [leaf 75]] + When þi lord was ytakyn, + And þou haddest him forsakyn, + Oure mayne þee knewe þat ilke nyȝt + Bothe bi speche {and} by syȝt, 628 + And seiden alle, for I stode þee bi, + + [_No gap in MS._] + + That þou was of Ih{es}us companye. + Thou seidest w{i}t{h} wordes {and} w{i}t{h} þouȝt, + ‘For soþe þat þou knewe hi{m} nouȝt.’ 632 + P{ra}ie þi lord of moche myȝt, + And his moder þat art so bryȝt, + That he me help at þis stounde, + For I was neu{er} so harde ybounde. 636 + As I þee helped atte þi nede, + Ȝelde me, Petir, now my mede.” + + [Sidenote: Petrus] + Seynt Petr{e} answerid tho + to the Iewe that was so woo, + “yf thu wolt on hym be-leve, + whom thy kynne broght to dethe, 532 + and that he is goddis sone, + and sithens man for vs be come, + and that Marie hy{m} bare hir{e} be best, + a clene Maide {and} right honest, 536 + and clene vnwe{m}med w{i}t{h} outen man, + + Seynt Petir answerde þo + To þe Iewe þat was so wo, 640 + “Ȝif þou woldest leue on him, + That on þe rode dide þi kyn, + That he is soþefast godes sone, + God {and} man for him bi come, 644 + That marie bare in hure lyf, + Clene maide {and} clene wyf, + Clene widewe w{i}t{h} oute wem, + + we shal alle bidde for þ{e} than, + to Ih{es}u Crist that is a-boue, + for his owne moder loue, 540 + he gef the myght for to go, + and brynge the oute of this woo.” + + For þee I wol p{ra}ie þen, 648 + [Sidenote: [leaf 75, back]] + Ih{es}u cryst vs liȝteþ aboue, + That he, for his moder loue, + So ȝeue þee myȝt for to go, + And bringe þee oute of þi wo.” 652 + + [Sidenote: no{t}a {con}u{er}sione{m} Iudei] + The Iewe that honged apon{e} the bere, + answerd then as ye may here, 544 + and seid, “y be-leue, vnd{er} that fourme, + on Ih{es}u Crist, Maries sone, + that Iewis peyned on the rode, + w{i}t{h}-outen gilt, for our{e} gode, 548 + and for vs he lost his lyf, + that Marie bare, maide {and} wif. + y be-seche that he me brynge + of this peyne, thurgh yo{ur} biddynge.” 552 + + The Iewe þat henge apou{n} þe bere, + Answerde anone as ȝe mai here, + “I leue wel, {and} bett{er} I schal done, + On ih{es}u crist, godes sone, 656 + That Iewes diden on þe rode, + And for vs he schedde his swete blode, + That marie bare in hure lyf, + Clene maiden {and} clene wyf; 660 + He brynge me, I p{ra}ie it him, + Oute of þe wo þat I am Inne.” + +[Headnote: _Peter christens the Jew and ordains him priest._] + + Crist vnd{er}stode the Iewis bone. + he was holpe, and that anone; + on feet {and} hand he yeaue hy{m} myght, + [Sidenote: [leaf 83, back]] + and alle his lymes for to right. 556 + he gan to stonde vp anon{e} + before the Iewis eu{er}ychon{e}. + he that was bothe halt {and} lame + be gan to p{re}che in Cristes name, 560 + and seid, “worship we eu{er}ychon{e} + that soche a miracle hath don{e}.” + + As soone as he hadde seide þis bede, + He was al hole in þat stede: 664 + Off fote, of honde, he hadde myȝt; + Alle his lymes bi come ful ryȝt. + He stode vp swiþe anone + Bi-fore þe Iewes eu{er}echone, 668 + That suche a myracle haþ done, + Ih{es}u crist, godes sons, + Of a wilde hou{n}de haþ made a lomb, + To p{re}che his worde in eche a lond. 672 + + Tho seynt Petr{e}, that holi man{e}, + that Iewe Crystened aft{er} anon{e}; 564 + he taught hym his by-leue; + he knew he was to god y-yeue; + he ordeyned hym to prest anon{e}, + and bade hym that he shuld gon{e}, 568 + and p{re}che ou{er}ałł, of goddis sone, + in eu{er}y lond where he be-come. + + [Sidenote: [leaf 76]] + Seynt Petir, þat holi man, + The Iew he crystened anone, + He tauȝt him al his bi leue; + He wist he was to godes biheue; 676 + He ordeyned him to p{re}st anone, + And bad him soone for to gone + And p{re}chen al of godes sone, + In eche a lond where he come. 680 + + The palme þ{a}t Petr{e} had in hond, + he toke it hym, thurgħ godd{es} sond, 572 + and bade hym godd{es} word to telle + to the Iewis that wer{e} so felle. + + That palm þat Petir helde in his honde, + He toke it him þorw godes sonde, + And bad him godes wordes telle + Among þe Iewes þat were so felle. 684 + + [Sidenote: Iudeus conu{er}sus p{re}dicabat i{ta} {christu}m] + Tho he spake the fourthe day, + he t{ur}ned into goddes fay 576 + xx thousant, {and} somdel mo, + thurgh the word þ{a}t he spake tho. + all the apostolis that þ{er} were, + that holy body fourth thei bere 580 + + So he spak þe furst day, + That he t{ur}ned to godes lay + Twenty þousand {and} so{m}medel mo, + Thorw wordes þat he spak þo. 688 + + [_See the parallel lines to these, on p. 127, col. 1, at foot, + and p. 128, col. 1, at top._] + + [[a495-516 = h689-704]] + + Foure of þe apostles þat were þere, + That swete bodi forþe þei bere, + The Iewes þat were godes fone, + Thei herde þe cri sone anone, 692 + And þei asked what was þat crie, + And men seiden it was mari, + That seynt Petir {and} his fere + Bare þare apou{n} a beere. 696 + [Sidenote: [leaf 76, back]] + “Alas,” seide þei, “for schame, + Ascape þei vs, we schulle haue blame. + Arme we vs alle sone anone, + And take we hem alle þ{er} þei gone. 700 + That bodi þ{a}t þei bere, nyme we it, + And cast we it in a foule pit, + Or brenne we it, {and} do it so{m}me where, + Or cast we it in a foule sere.” 704 + + [_Not in it_] + + Thei comen lepand þiderwarde, + And þat hem fel swiþe harde. + Ih{es}u wolde nouȝt þ{a}t schame; + He made hem boþe blynde {and} lame. 708 + Off hem alle, was þ{er} none + That myȝt a fote on erþe gone. + Here mouþes were to here nek went; + Thei þouȝt alle þat þei were schent. 712 + Boþe here feet {and} here handes + Where bounde w{i}t{h} stronge bandes: + Ful sore bounden þei were, + For þei ne myȝt go ne here. 716 + Than comen here frendes hem to, + And seide, “alas, whi leie ȝe so, + In ȝoure armo{ur} so fast ycliȝt, + That beþ so faire {and} so bryȝt? 720 + [Sidenote: [leaf 77]] + Ȝoure speres, ȝo{ur} schildes, helpeþ ȝow nouȝt; + Telleþ vs what ȝe haue þouȝt.” + Thei answerd nouȝt þat leyen þere, + For þei ne myȝt hem noȝt here, 724 + But so{m}me of hem þat myȝt speke + Seide, “alas! who schal vs wreke?” + And eu{er} þei cryede many a stounde, + “Alas, how harde we lie here ybounde!” 728 + Off fyue þousand was þer none + That myȝt of þat stede gone. + Than seide some þat stode hem bi, + That hadde ysene þat ferli, 732 + That ‘seynt Petir {and} his fere + Bare oure ladi on a beere, + “Thise men wolde hure haue nomen,” + And þus þei ben ou{er} comen. 736 + The ladi þei wolde haue dou{n} schame; + Ther fore þei hauen godes grame.’ + The folke hem bad m{er}cy to crie + To ih{es}u cryst of here folie, 740 + And leue þat he is godes sone, + And siþen crysten men bi come. + +[Headnote: _The Virgin Mary’s body is laid in the tomb._] + + “We hope þ{a}t ih{es}u schal sone tyme + Delyuere ȝow of ȝoure pyne.” 744 + [Sidenote: [leaf 77, back]] + Thei criede “m{er}cy” with good wille, + So{m}me lowde {and} so{m}me stille, + And ih{es}u, þorw his mochil myȝt, + Here feet {and} handes gan to ryȝt. 748 + Thorw myracle þat þer was doun, + Bi-come cristene many on, + And leuede on cryst and criede m{er}cy, + That none oþ{er} god was so myȝty. 752 + + to the vale of Iosephas + to ley her{e}, ther{e} her{e} wille was, + [_No gap in MS._] + and leid the body in a ston{e}, + + The apostles went forþe on here way, + To Iosephat, to þat Valay. + When þe apostles comen were, + Wel softe þei setten doun þe beere. 756 + With gret deuocioun, eu{er}ychone, + Thei leide þe bodi in a stone, + + [Sidenote: Sepultu{r}a s{an}c{t}e M{ar}ie] + ther-in was body neu{er} non{e}. 584 + frendes and sibbe that þ{er} were, + for her{e} wepte many a tere. + [Sidenote: [leaf 84]] + when she was in the ston don{e}, + ayen{e} thei turned eu{er}ychon{e}. 588 + all the apostelis then wer{e} sory + for the deth of our{e} lady; + and ther a voice cam them among, + that ne lasted not full long, 592 + and bade them alle for to gon{e} + wher{e} thei had for to don{e}. + The apostelis went hem ayen{e} + in-to the Burgħ of Ierusalem; 596 + and as thei sate atte mete, + of many thynges thei gon speke. + als thei wer{e} out of that place, + + [Sidenote: resussitac{i}o corp{or}is M{ari}e] + Iesus, w{i}t{h} his holy grace, 600 + he gon to take vp anon{e} + his moder body of the ston{e}. + he hym self dud þ{er}ynne, + that neu{er} had y-don{e} synne. 604 + he wolde not in no manere + that the body lafte there. + in that body he dud a leme, + bright{er} then the sonne beme, 608 + and made her{e} quene of heuene blisse; + in that place she was and ys. + + And bileft alle in þat stede, + As oure ladi hadde hem bede, 760 + And woke þ{er} al þat nyȝt + With many torches {and} candle lyȝt. + On þe morwe when it was dai, + Thei loked where þat bodi lai. 764 + Thei ou{er}t{ur}ned þ{a}t ilke stone; + Bodi þei founde þ{er} none; + But þei sawe in þat stede þana + Liand as it were a mana. 768 + [Sidenote: [leaf 78]] + That ma{n}na bitokned hure clene lyf, + That sche was modre, maide, {and} wyf. + Tho wist þe apostles, I wis, + The bodi was in to p{ar}adis, 772 + Also godes wille was. + Thei seide, “Deo gracias.” + +[Headnote: _Mary lets fall her girdle to Thomas._] + + [Sidenote: Thomas yndie] + Seynt Thom{a}s of ynde thed{er}ward com, + also swithe as he myght gon{e}, 612 + and wold haue ben{e} at her{e} berying, + yf he myght haue come be tyme. + as he loked hym be syde, + [Sidenote: [leaf 84, back]] + he saw then a bright thyng glide 616 + in that stede as he come, + ther our{e} lady to heuene was nome. + + Seynt Thom{a}s of ynde þiderward cam + Also blyue as he myȝt gan, 776 + And wolde haue ben at hure fyne, + Ȝif he myȝt haue come bi tyme. + As he loked him bi side, + He sawe a briȝtnesse bi hi{m} glide; 780 + Bi þat stede þer he come, + Oure ladi to heuene was nome. + + he kneled adoun{e} {and} seid, “lady, + now on me thu haue mercy. 620 + lady, quene of heuene bright, + for thi mochel holy myght, + send me a token this ilke day, + soche thyng þ{a}t y bryng may 624 + to my felawes, ther y ham fynde, + that y was toward þ{i} berynge: + thei wol not leue þ{a}t y was there; + now g{ra}unte me, lady, my p{ra}yere.” 628 + + He knelede do{u}n {and} seide, “ladi, + Off me, I p{ra}ie ȝow, haue m{er}cy. 784 + Ladi, quene of heuene lyȝt, + For þine swete mychel myȝt, + Sende me token þis ilke day, + What þing þat I say may 788 + To myn felawis, þ{er} I hem fynde, + That I was toward þi buriynge. + Thei wil nouȝt leue þat I were; + Now g{ra}unt me, ladi, my p{ra}iere.” 792 + + [Sidenote: no{t}a de zona s{an}c{t}e Marie] + a-boute her{e} gurdel a mydełł sought, + that she hir{e} self had y-wroght, + of siluer {and} gold wonde in palle; + a-doun{e} to hym she lete it falle. 632 + he toke that gurdełł in his hond, + and thanked her{e} of her{e} sond. + + [Sidenote: [leaf 78, back]] + A-bowte hure myddel a seynt sche souȝt, + That sche hure self hadde wrouȝt, + Off silk {and} gold wounden in pal; + Doun to thomas sche lete it fal. 796 + He toke þ{er} þe gurdel in his honde, + And þanked hure of hure sonde. + + fourth he went of that stede; + toward the toun{e} he hym yede. 636 + his felaus then he dud seche + yf he myght hem ou{er} mete. + atte temple of dominus + he them founde alle in ane ho{us}. 640 + ther ful feire he them grette; + and ayenward thei hym chidde. + + Forþe he went of þat stede; + Toward þe toune he him dede, 800 + His felawis for to seke on his fete, + Ȝif he hem ouȝt myȝt mete. + Atte þe temple dominus + He fonde hem alle in an hous. 804 + When he hem sawe, he gret hem, + And þei answerde alle hym, + And seiden, “thom{a}s of ynde, + Eu{er} art þou bi-hynde. 808 + +[Headnote: _The apostles find the tomb empty._] + + “wher{e} has thu so long y-ben{e}? + we haue beried o{ur} heuene quen{e}. 644 + “thu lakkest eu{er} at euery nede; + thu helpest neu{er} at gode dede.” + “sore me thenketh þ{a}t y nas here; + [Sidenote: [leaf 85]] + but y ne myght come no nere. 648 + I-blessid be the quene of blys, + in the place ther{e} she ys, + for wełł y wote in my thought, + there ye her{e} layde is she nought.” 652 + + “Whare hast þou so longe bene? + We haue buried heuene quene. + Thou helpest noȝt at no good dede; + Thou failest eu{er} at most nede.” 812 + “Sore me forþinkeþ þat I ne was here, + But I ne myȝt come no nere. + Blessed be sche, quene of blis, + In þat stede þ{er} now sche is! 816 + [Sidenote: [leaf 79]] + For wel I wote bi my þouȝt, + Ther ȝe hure left, is sche nouȝt.” + + Thei seid to hym swithe anon{e}, + bothe Petr{e} and seynt Ioh{a}n, + “thow woldest not be-leue, Thom{a}s, + that our{e} lord y-nayled was. 656 + eu{er} thu leuys amysse in mynde, + and tales y-now thu dos fynde. + thu bi-leuest in god right noght; + soche tales ne kepe we noght.” 660 + + Than seide to him sone anone, + Bothe Petir {and} seynt Ione, 820 + “Thou ne woldest, leue thomas, + That oure lord fram deth ras. + Come, þou art mys bileuyd, + And tales ynow þou canst fynde, 824 + Thou leuest nouȝt on godes craft; + Swylk felawis wille we nauȝt.” + + [Sidenote: no{t}a de v{er}bis s{an}c{t}i Thome ap{osto}li.] + “be stille,” he seid, “brother Ioh{a}n, + why chide ye me so, one {and} on{e}? + me thenketh ye can litel good, + for y her{e} saw bothe flesħ {and} blood, 664 + how our{e} lady to heuene wend; + her{e} is the token that she me send.” + + “Be stille,” he saide, “broþ{er} Io{ha}n. + Whi chyde ȝe me eu{er}ychone? 828 + I am ful wery man for-gone; + Me ne list answeri neu{er} one. + But I thanke oure lord god, + I sawe hure w{i}t{h} flesche {and} blood, 832 + Ther oure ladi to heuene went: + Here is þe token þat sche me sent.” + + Then seid seynt Petr{e}, “that is soth; + this ilke webbe her{e} self woof. 668 + w{i}t{h} her{e} y dud it on the bere; + wond{er} me the thenketh þ{a}t it is here. + go we swithe in-to the vale, + to knowe the sothe of this tale 672 + that he hath vs now y-sayde, + for it was in the tombe y-laide.” + + Quath seynt Petir, “þat is sothe. + This seynt sche hure self wof. 836 + We dide it on hure in þe beere; + Wonder me þinkeþ þat it is here. + Go we swiþe in to þe vale, + To wite þe sothe of þis tale 840 + [Sidenote: [leaf 79, back]] + That he haþ vs here yseide, + For it was in þe tumbe ylaide.” + +[Headnote: _Jesus appears to the apostles and blesses them._] + + [Sidenote: no{t}a de sepulc{r}o Marie vacuo.] + owte of þ{a}t that place then they yede, + and the tumba they vndede. 676 + nothyng ther-on ther{e} thei founde + [Sidenote: [leaf 85, back]] + but a flour{e} atte grounde. + + Oute of þe place swiþe þei ȝede, + And þe tumbe þei vndede; 844 + No þing þ{er} Inne þei ne fou{n}de, + But a manere floure at þe grounde. + + [Sidenote: Manna] + That flo{ur} manna was cleped + that in the tumba was steked. 680 + they went ałł a-boute þe tumbe + and kneled on the bare g{ro}unde, + and seid, “Ih{es}u, goddis sone, + ałł that thu sendes, it is wel-come. 684 + Mightefułł is the heuene kyng; + and that we know bi thi sayng. + no man may know his p{ri}uyte, + nother his swete dignite.” 688 + + That floure was ‘manna’ yclepid; + Hit was in þe tumbe ystekyd. 848 + Thei ȝeden alle abowte þe tumbe + And knelede on þe bare grounde, + And seiden, “ih{es}u, godes sone, + Al þi sonde be welcome. 852 + Myȝtful art þou, heuene kynge; + That mai we wite bi þis tokenynge; + For no man mai wite ne se + What is þi derne p{ri}uete.” 856 + + Amonge þe apostolis alle a light, + the kyng that is in heuene bright, + and blessid ham alle in fere + emonge the angelis þ{a}t ther{e} were, 692 + and seid, “my pees be w{i}t{h} yow nowthe, + blessid ye be of goddis mowthe.” + + Cryst of heuene, þat is so bryȝt, + Amonge þe apostles sone he lyȝt, + And gret hem alle yfere, + W{i}t{h} aungeles fele þ{a}t w{i}t{h} hi{m} were, 860 + And seide, “now pees be w{i}t{h} vs! + Blessed be ȝe,” seide Ih{es}us. + + [Sidenote: no{t}a miracul{u}m ap{osto}lor{um}.] + A mysty cloude cam aft{er} than{e}, + and ou{er}sprad them eu{er}ychon{e}, 696 + and bare them alle þ{er} they wer{e}, + in-to the stede that they wer{e} er{e}. + + A lyȝt cloude come aft{er} þan, + And ou{er} sprad hem eu{er}y man, 864 + [Sidenote: [leaf 80]] + And bar hem alle þat ben þere, + In to here stedes þ{er} þei p{re}ched ere; + And fonden alle þat folke ȝete, + Sittand stille atte here fete. 868 + And þei bigo{n}ne for to p{re}che, + And þe folke for to teche. + + moche wond{er} then hem thought + how thei wer{e} thed{er} y-brought, 700 + for thei ne wiste whi ne whan{e}; + and thei seid euerychon{e} + that rightfull is heuene kyng, + Ih{es}us lord ou{er} ałł thyng. 704 + + Moche wondre hem þo þouȝt + How þei weren þidre brouȝt. 872 + Miȝtful art þou, heuene kynge, + Ih{es}u Crist, in alle þinge! + The apostles kneled in þat stede; + To ih{es}u þei bede a bede. 876 + Ih{es}u herde here p{ra}iere, + For þei were hi{m} leue {and} dere. + +[Headnote: _Conclusion and invocation._] + + ¶ This tale y haue tolde w{i}t{h} mouthe, + w{i}t{h} wordes that ben{e} ful couthe. + it is cleped the Assumpciou{n}; + Iesus gef vs his benesou{n}. 708 + Iesu crist, for his myght, + [Sidenote: [leaf 86]] + we p{ra}y to hym w{i}t{h} herte light, + and w{i}t{h} his holy grace, + gef vs bothe myght {and} space, 712 + soche workes for to worche, + thurgh the lore of holy churche, + that we may to heue[ne] wende, + that is w{i}t{h} oute begy{n}nyng {and} ende. 716 + Amen! + + Explicit Sextus liber s{an}c{t}e Marie. + + ++WE biseche þee for alle þ{a}t hereþ þ{i}s vie + Off oure ladi seynt marie, 880 + That Ih{es}u schelde hem fram g{ra}me, + Fro dedly synne {and} fro schame. + Ne mys auent{ur}e schal bi falle þ{a}t man + That þis a vie here can. 884 + Ne no wo{m}man þat ilke dai + That of oure ladi hereþ þis lai, + Dien ne schal of hure childe, + For oure ladi hure schal be mylde. 888 + [Sidenote: [leaf 80, back]] + Ne none mys auenture schal be-falle + In felde, in strete, ne in halle, + In stede þ{er} þis vie is rad, + For oure ladi hure sone it bad. 892 + And þe archibisshop seynt Edmou{n}d + Haþ g{ra}unted xl. daies to p{ar}dou{n} + To alle þat þis vie wol here + Or with good wille wol lere. 896 + Ih{es}u, for þi modre loue, + That woneþ in heuene vs aboue, + Graunt vs, ȝif þi wille is, + The mochil Ioye of p{ar}adis! 900 + A p{ra}ier þer-to seie alle we, + A Pater n{oste}r p{ur} charite, + And an Aue marie þer-to, + That Ih{es}us vs graunt so. Amen! 904 + ¶ Celi regina sit sc{ri}ptori medicina. + + + + +NOTES. + + +KING HORN. + +4, H. _Allof_. An undoubted trace of the influence of the French version +on the H text of the English version. The French has _Aaluf_. + +6. _laste_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 7017: _þe while þe hit ilæste_. + +8. _Fairer ..._ Cf. ‘The Erl of Tolous’ (ed. by G. Lüdtke, Berlin, +1881): _were no fayrer undyr hevyn, That any man myght see, Fayre myght +none bee_. 354. Cf. also 980-1. Further, ‘The King of Tars.’ (Engl. +Stud. xi. pp. 1 ff.): _Feirer miȝt non ben oliue_ 8. + +10, C. _miste_. In many southern texts the _s-_ initial has the phonetic +value _sh-_. Hence here it is to be assumed that medial _-st-_ has the +pronunciation _-sht_, a loose way of representing the pronunciation of +the _-ht_, _-ȝt_ like German _-cht_ in _nicht_, etc. + +11, 12. _rine_ : _schine_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 31889-90: _þa sunne gon to scine, +Þe rein bigon to rine_; 28303, _muchel rein him gon rine_; 31086-7, _nis +nan feirure wifmon þa whit sunne seineð on_. + +14. _briȝt so þe glas_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ (Weber, Early Engl. +Romances, II.). 75. _And a lady þerinne was bryght as the sunne thorough +glas._ + +15. _whit so þe flur_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’: _off that lady whyt so +flour_, 128. + +17, 18. _bold_ : _old_. Cf. ‘The Erl of Tolous’: _He was a feyr chyld +and a bolde, Twenty wyntur he was oold_, 712-13; Reinbroun 4, 4. _Faire +child he was and bolde, He was boute seue winter olde._ ‘Beues’ +3899-3900: _Be þat he was seue winter old, He was a fair child and a +bold_. + +19, 20. _iliche_. Cf. ‘Guy of Warwick’ 1336: _In all þys worlde ys none +hym lyke_. + +21, H. _tueye feren_. The H text here lacks one of the archaic features +of the story, referring to only two companions, viz., Aþulf and +Fikenhild. The other ten, save for the abrupt introduction of Arnoldin +at the conclusion, play no active part in the present version. + +23. _riche menne sones_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 28932-3: _monies riches monnes sune, +monie hæðene gume_. + +25. _for to_ with infinitive. This is frequent, especially in H, and is +probably due to French influence, _por à_. Cf. 166 L, 242 H, 388 C H, +902, 1011, 1186, etc. + +27. _him het_. For frequent use of reflexives cf. 134 L, 140 C L, 147 C, +173 C, 233 L, 293 C, 294, 526 C, 307 C, 364, 398 C, 426, 806 L, 802 L, +1250, 1269, 1297-8, 1386, 1410, 1545. + +27, H. _Athulf_. In the early part of the H text _th_ is used in proper +names. + +31-35. Cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 181-3: _So hyt befell upon a day, The erl +and he went to play, Be a reuer syde_. Cf. also ‘Lyb. Disc.’ 25, 26 +(Ritson): _As hyt befelle upon a day, To wode he wente on hys play_; +also ‘Lay.’ 25661 A, _bi þere sæ side_; ‘Lyb. Disc.’ 645-6: _Yesterday +yn the mornynge y wente on my playnge_. + +42. _sarazins_. The conventional enemy in mediaeval romance. Probably +due to French influence and ultimately due to the stories originating in +the crusades and in the struggles between Mohammedans and Christians +culminating in the Battle of Tours. + +44. _Oþer to londe brohte_. Murry mistakes them for merchants (cf. also +637-8). The whole incident, vv. 39-62, reminds one of the quite parallel +historical incident of the first landing of the Northmen in 787, and the +death of Beaduheard and his retinue. + +45. _Payn_. Cf. Note on _Sarazins_, 42. _of herde_, an unusual +combination. This is the only instance cited in Bradley-Stratmann. + +55. _gunne_ = ‘did’ intensive, as frequently. See _gan_ in Glossary, +also _con_, _couþe_, _began_. + +57. _vnder schelde_ means perhaps ‘in arms.’ Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ +5691-3: _And yiff the sawdon off that land Myghte sloo Richard in that +feeld With swerd or spere undyr scheeld_. Cf. also Wissmann’s note. + +67-8. _libbe_ : _sibbe_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 11605-6: _þenne maȝen we libben mid +sæhten & mid sibben_ (Wissmann). + +69. _hi here_. The representatives of the OE. forms of the personal +pronouns are usually very strictly adhered to. _þei_, _þe_ occurs twice +(55 L and 1557 C), _sche_ once (380 L), ‘their’ and ‘them,’ not at all. + +69, 70. _asoke_ : _toke_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 12114-16: _& sūme heo god wiðsoken +& to haðenescipe token_ (Wissmann). Also ‘Lay.’ 29187-8: _for crist +seolue he for soc, and to þon wursen he tohc_. + +82, L. _hundes_. Cf. also 91 L, 634 C H, 887, 1465, etc. For a possible +explanation of the term cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 337-40: _Upon his creste a +rede hounde. The tayle henge to the grounde. That was Sygnyfycacioun The +hethene folke to brynge down._ Cf. 634 Note. + +89, 90. _made_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 28067-8: _deoren swið hende, þa ure drihten +make_ (Wissmann). The contracted form _made_ of L H, is that of the +original as shown by the rime and rhythm. + +92. _quic flen_ perhaps a trace of a primitive custom in this +crystallized phrase (cf. also 1468 C). + +98. _iseene_. Cf. Chaucer, ‘Knight’s Tale’ 65: _Now be we caytifs as it +is wel seene_ (Wissmann). + +100. _strong_ : _long_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 2242-3: _Non so fayr, ne non so +long, ne non so mikel ne non so strong_. + +107, C. _stere_. Cf. Glossary. + +109. Cf. the parallel historical incident where Aethelstan sets his +brother Eadwine adrift, in Thorpe’s translation of Lappenberg’s England +under the Anglo-Saxon Kings, II, iii, London, 1845 (Wissmann). + +118. _wringinde_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 152: _He wrungen hondes and wepen sore_ +(Wissmann). + +121-122. _wo_ : _þo_. A stereotyped couplet in romance. Cf. ‘Lay.’ +8429-30, 20383-4, 8677-8, ‘Sir Isumbras’ 380-1, 759-60, ‘Rich. C. de L.’ +6521-2. + +123. _Horns_. Perhaps a scribal error, so common in this MS.; perhaps a +trace of the OF. inflection with _-s_ in the nom. sing. Cf. _Horns_ +1560 H, _enimis_ 1023 C, 1024 H; also _page_ and _crois_ in Glossary. + +127. _flowe_. Cf. ‘Proverbs of Alfred,’ v. 197 (M. and S. selections): +_Uppe þe see þat floweþ_. Kölbing (Eng. Stud. vi. 154) thinks _flowe_ +means ‘flood’ as distinguished from ‘ebb.’ + +128. _rowe_. The ‘ship’ was a ‘galeie,’ cf. 199, 1084, 1086, etc.: cf. +also ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 2521-4: _They rowede hard, and sungge ther too +With henelow and rumbelooo. The galeye wente also faste As quarrel dos +off the arweblast._ + +131-2. _ywis_ : _ymis_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 19067-8: _for æuere heo wende ful +iwis þat it weoren þe eorl Gorlois_. + +134. _sprang_. Cf. ‘Owl and Nighting.’ 734: _Wane þe liȝt of daie +springe_. Also ‘Ipomydon’ 776: _To-morrow, or the day sprynge_. Hence +the modern word ‘dayspring.’ For reflexive phrase, _him sprong_, cf. 27 +Note. + +150, L. _dawes_, the natural phonetic development from OE. nom. accus. +plur. _dagas_. The more usual forms _daies_, _dayes_, are formed by +analogy with the singular. + +161, C H. _hol and fer_. Cf. ‘Ass.’ 62 Cambr.: _so hol ne fer_. + +168. _dales and dune_. A common collocation of words. Cf. ‘Lay.’ +27352-3: _iseȝen alle þa dales, alle þa dunes_ (Wissmann). + +170. _blessing_. The accent on the second syllables of dissyllabic words +as revealed by the rimes in ‘Horn’ is an interesting feature. This +accent is no doubt in part to be explained as a French characteristic, +in part as the survival of an OE. secondary accent. For further +instances cf. 209-10, 219-20, 233-4, 239-40, 243-4, 253-4, 263-4, +359-60, 467-8, 529-30, 609-10, 859-60, 1169-70, 1235-6, etc. + +174. _mild_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 6887-8: _Tho sayde to hym with mylde +stevene_, also a frequent phrase in the ‘Assumption.’ + +176. _beoþ icumene_. For other examples of _beon_ as auxiliary cf. _beþ +ygo_ 310 H, _am iorne_ 1228 C, etc. Cf. also ‘Lay.’ 13838-9: _whæt +cnihten ȝe seon & whænnenen ȝe icumen beon_. + +175 ff. Compare with Aylmer’s greeting the in many ways similar greeting +of Vortiger to Hengest and Horsa. ‘Lay.’ 13826 ff. + +180-2. _Ne sauȝ ihc ..._ Cf. 180-2 Note. + +202. _sail and roþer_. Cf. ‘R. H.’ 60-61: _Kil naient auirum dunt a (!) +seient aidanȝ sigle ne guuernad (!) dunt il seient naianȝ_. + +204. _brymme_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 272: _ferde bi þere sæ brimme_ (Wissmann). + +206. _honde bihynde_. Cf. Wissmann’s parallel citations from Alexander +(Weber, as above I.) 2013 ff. and ‘Chron. of Engl.’ (Ritson II.) 873. + +208. _spille_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 242: _Helpe me nu in þis nede and late ye +nouth mi bodi spille_ (Wissmann). + +210. _Niþing_. Cf. Wissmann’s note. + +221. _schulle_. Cf. Wissmann’s note and citation from ‘Oct. Imp.’ (Weber +III.). 535. _to blowe swyþe schylle_. + +239 ff. Horn’s education. Cf. the similar scene in the later romance, +‘Ipomydon’ 32 ff., which, like ‘Rich. C. de L.,’ has many traits in +common with King Horn, and was no doubt influenced by King Horn. (Weber, +as above, II, pp. 281 ff.): + + _A feyrer child myght no man see_ + _Tholomew a clerk he toke,_ + _That taught the chyld vppon the boke,_ + _Bothe to synge and to rede;_ + _And after he taught hym other dede;_ + _Aftirward to serve in halle_ + _Bothe to grete and to smalle_ + _Before the kyng mete to kerve,_ + _Hye and lowe feyre to serve:_ + _Bothe of howndis and haukis game_ + _Aftir he taught hym, all and same._ + _In se, in feld, and eke in ryuère_ + _In wodde to chase the wild dere_ + _And in the feld to ryde a stede_ + _That all men had joy of his dede_ + +Verses 67-70 of ‘Ipomydon’ remind more directly of the French version, +‘R. H,.’ so that perhaps it was by this version of the Horn story that +the composer of ‘Ipomydon’ was influenced. + +244. _Of wude and of riuere_. Cf. the similar phrase in ‘R. H.’ 377: _De +bois e de riuere, refait il autre tal_. + +247 ff. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 4893 ff.: _Brennes wes swiðe hende [v] his hap wes þe +betere. Brennes cuðe on hundes, Brennes cuðe on hauekes, he cuðe mid his +honden hanlie þa harpe._ + +250. _Cupe serue_. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ (as above) 295, where the princess +says to Ipomydon, “_Of the cuppe ye shall serve me_,” and 320 where +Ipomydon does serve with the cup. Cf. also ‘R. H.’ 471: _Horn serui le +rei bien de la cupe acel ior_. + +264 ff. Cf. the apparently borrowed scene in ‘Rich. C. de L.’ vv. 879 +ff., where the princess falls in love with the captive Richard and bids +the jailer, “_And aftir soper, in the evenyng, To my chaumbyr thow hym +bryng In the atyr of a squyer_” (909-11). + +266. _He_ = ‘she’ as elsewhere (OE. _hēo_): _mest in þoȝte_. For similar +phrase cf. Wissmann 254 Note. + +268 _wexe wild_. A popular word combination. Cf. ‘Proverbs of Hendyng’ +(Böddeker’s ed.) 121: _Ne wax þou nout to wilde_ (Wissmann). + +275. _Bi daie ne bi niȝte_. Cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 42: _Be dayes and be +nyght_. ‘Launfal’ 412: _Be dayes ne be nyȝt_. ‘Lay.’ 13829: _bi dæie no +bi nihtes_, etc. + +282. _him þuȝte_. Cf. Wissmann’s note with incorrect reference to ‘Lay.’ +312. See present volume, 268 Note. + +300. _wed broþer_. Cf. Glossary. + +315. _sette him on bedde_. The usual mode of entertainment. Cf. ‘Beues +of Hampton’ (E.E.T.S.) 1090; ‘Guy of W.’ (E.E.T.S.) 3043; ‘Sir Eglamour’ +679: _sche sett hym on hur beddys syde_. + +319 ff. For other instances of the maiden wooing the man see ‘Beues of +H.’ 1093 ff.; ‘Amis and Amiloun’ 550 ff.: ‘Sir Eglamour’ 674 ff., etc. + +321. _trewþe pliȝte_. Cf. ‘Sir Eglamour’ 674: _Therto ther trowthys they +plyght_. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 210: _Therto my trouth y plyght_, etc., +frequently. + +333. _bi one ribbe_. Not clear. Cf. Wissmann’s Note, also Kölbing (Engl. +Stud. vi. 155), who translates _bi_, ‘_im bezug auf_,’ ‘with reference +to.’ + +341. _fule þeof_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 1780: _Goth henne swiþe fule þeues_ +(Wissmann). + +350. _mote þu deie_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 6858: _God geve the wel evyl +pyne_; 6862, _God geve you wel evyl endyng_. + +364. _hou one_. Cf. 559 C H, 650 C H, also Glossary. The OE. weak form +_āna_ seems to have the same experience as _seolfa_, ‘self.’ + +366. _vs wroþe_. _wroþe_ means ‘fearful’ (Mätzner). + +373. _makede hire bliþe_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 2244, ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 1606 +(Wissmann). + +378. _squieres wise_. Cf. 264 Note. + +379, C. _pleie_. Cf. ‘Lyb. Disc.’ 25-26: _As hyt befelle upon a day To +wode he wente on hys play_. + +387-8. _kyng on benche_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 14963-4: _& heo gon scenchen, on þas +kinges benche_. Also ‘Ipomydon’ 229: _Of þe cuppe ye shall serve me_. +Cf. also 1185. + +403. _On knes he him sette_. The conventional mode of salutation. Cf. +‘Lay.’ 22147-8: _Comen to þan ki[n]ge, & setten an heore cneowen_. Cf. +also ‘Lay.’ 13821 and ‘King of Tars.’ 719: _& gret hir feir vpon his +kne_, also 90, 221. ‘Guy of Warwick’ 161-2: _Gye on his kneys sone hym +sett, And that mayden feyre he grett_. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 891-3, 1591; +‘Ypotis’ 15: _On his kne he hym sette. Well fayr þe emperour þer he +grette._ ‘Ipomydon’ 267-8: _Ipomydon on knees hym sette And the lady +feyre grette_. 187-8: _Vppon {his} knees he hym sette, And þe kyng full +feyr he grette_. Cf. also 902-3, also ‘Erl of Tolous’ 1066: _To the +emperour he knelyd blyve_. Cf. Wissmann’s Note. + +405-6. _of his feire siȝte ..._ Cf. ‘R. H.’ 1053: _De la belte de horn +tute la chambre resplent_. Compare with this the flame which came from +Havelok’s mouth when he slept. + +420. _honde_. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ 2164: _Ipomydon toke hyr by the hond_. Cf. +also ‘Havelok’ 408; ‘Amis and Am.’ 550 ff.; ‘Guy of W.’ 217 ff.; ‘Rich. +C. de L.’ 891-3: _Fayr he grette that lady bryght, And sayde to her with +herte free, What is thy wille, Lady, with {me}_. + +425. _ofte heo hine custe ..._ Cf. ‘Lay.’ 5012-14: _bitwixen hire ærmes +heo hine nom, ofte heo hine clupte, & ofte heo hine custe_. + +436. _liþe_. Cf. ‘Life of Alex.’ 431: _He wol solace me and lythe and in +this care make me blythe_, and ‘Will. de Shoreham’ (ed. Wright), p. 19: +_and lytheth oure pyne_. + +437. _wiþute strif_. Cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 240: _Wythoute any stryfe_. +‘Ipomydon’ 1607-8: _He sayd, he wold haue hyr to wyffe, If she wold +withouten stryff_. + +440. _plist_. Cf. 10 Note: _trewþe_. Cf. 321 Note, also Wissmann’s Note. + +441-2. _biþoȝte_ : _miȝte_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 28410-11: _Modred þa þohte, what +he don mihte_ (Wissmann). + +450, H. _þy fader fundlyng_. An instance of the preservation of the OE. +‘irregular’ genitive form. Cf. also 116 C H, 951 H; _moder_ 1485 C. + +451. _... cunde_. ‘It would not be in keeping with thy rank’ (Mätzner). + +452. _welde_. Cf. 324. + +454. _wedding_. Cf. Wissmann’s ref. to Grimm, Rechtsalt. 439. + +458. _iswoȝe_. Swoons are frequent in mediaeval romance. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ +873-8: _Uppon hyr bedde she gan downe falle On swoone, afore hyr maydens +alle_. Cf. also Wissmann’s Note. + +464. _stere_. Cf. ‘Ritson’ III. 35, 825: _Ther myght no man hure stere_ +(Wissmann). + +473, C. _þat swete þing_. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ 1021: _Than sory was that swete +thynge_. ‘King of Tars.’ 374: _For Maries loue, þat swete þing_; ‘Lyb. +Disc.’ 2127, ‘Fl. and Bl.’ 272 T, etc. + +474. _swoȝning_. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ 875: _And whan she roos of swounynge_. + +478, C. _seue niȝt_, a ‘week,’ like ‘fortnight.’ + +480. _cuppe_ : _vppe_. Cf. also 1205-6, where the couplet is a +stereotyped one and does not fit. + +482. _foreward_. Cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’: _Yschall hold thy forward {god}_; +also ‘Lay.’ III. 177 (Wissmann). + +485. _adun falle_. Cf. 403 Note. + +486. _halle_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 157: _Bifore þe king into þe halle_ +(Wissmann). + +492. _bede_. Cf. Wissmann’s Note. + +506. _mid þe beste_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 20449: _cniht mid þam beste_, also +23259. + +520. _derling_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ A. 28342: _i-sloȝen is Angell þe king, þe wes +min aȝen deorling_. + +524. _sprang_. Cf. 134 Note, also ‘Lay.’ A. 28314: _ase þe dæi gon +lihte_. + +526. _þuȝte lang_. ‘Lay.’ A. 28297: _feouwertyne niht him þuhte to lōg_. + +537. _fel a knes_. Cf. 403 Note. + +562, C. _þuȝte god_. Cf. ‘Life of Alex.’ 1145 (Wissmann); also +‘Ipomydon’ 599: _And of his comyng she was glad_; and ‘Lay.’ 13832; _for +eouwer cumen ich æm bliðe_. + +572. _vnbynd me of my pine_. Cf. ‘Fl. and Bl.’ 308: _of care vnbynde_. + +573-4. _stille_ : _wille_. Cf. ‘Seven Sages’ (Weber III.) 485 +(Wissmann). + +581. _mestere_. Cf. ‘Sir Eglamour’ 252, The knight must accomplish +“_dedes of armys thre_” before he can marry the princess. Cf. the +similar conditions in ‘Guy of Warwick.’ + +586, L. _forsake_, ‘give up,’ ‘renounce.’ Cf. Wissmann’s Note and Ritson +II. 70 ff., 159. + +595. _gold ring_. The ring element is almost invariably present in +mediaeval romance. Cf. ‘Guy of W.’ 7264; ‘Sir Eglamour’ 617-21; +‘Ipomydon’ 2060 ff.; ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 1635 ff.; ‘Erl of Tolous’ 392, +1029, 1077; ‘Fl. and Bl.’ etc. Cf. also discussion of the subject in +Child’s Engl. and Scot. Metr. Ballads I. pp. 194 ff. + +607, C. _of drad_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 278: _Al Engelond was of him adrad_ +(Wissmann). + +619. _Leue at hire he nam_. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ 745-6: _They toke there leve +at the quene. And wente forthe all by dene._ + +624. _blak so eny cole_. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ 2182: _rede as any blode_. +‘Rich. C. de L.’ 1515: _Vpon a stede whyt so mylke_. ‘Ipomydon’ 645: +_That one_ (steed) _was white as any mylke_. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 824: _ded +as ony stone_. ‘K. Horn’ 532 L H: _red so eny glede_. + +628. _gan denie_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 27441: _þa eorðen gon to dunien_ +(Wissmann). ‘Beowulf’ 226: _syrcan hrysedon_. + +631-2. _while_ : _myle_. Cf. Wissmann’s Note with parallel references to +‘Lay.’ I. 248; ‘Squyr of Lowe Degree’ 489; ‘Lyb. Disc.’ 5, v. 103 +(Ritson II.); also Wolfram’s Parz. 132, 16. + +634. _heþene hunde_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 28982, 29202, etc.: _heðene hundes +alle_; ‘King of Tars.’ 92 (Ritson II.). + +637-8. Cf. 44 Note. + +640. _wordes bolde_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 2407: _And I say thee wordes +bold_. + +641-2. _wynne_ : _inne_. Cf. ‘Chron. of Engl.’ 465-6: _Engelond to +bywynne And sle that ther weren ynne_ (Wissmann). + +643. _swerd gripe_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 4471: _Her wepene he gunne þer +to gripe_; also 5070. + +649-50. _Abute horn al one_. Cf. ‘Beues’ 3885, 4403: _Al aboute þai +gonne þringe_. Also ‘Guy of W.’ 1072: _And þey aboute syr Gye can goo_. + +659, H. _maister_ gen. sing. Another trace of French influence on this +text, the French gen. sing. without ending. Cf. _enimis_ 1024 H, Horns +123 L. + +678, L H. _lite stounde_. Cf. ‘Life of Alex.’ 947; ‘Chron. of Engl.’ 469 +(Wissmann). + +681, C. _wile iȝolde_. Cf. ‘worth while.’ Cf. Wissmann’s parallel +citations; ‘Life of Alex.’ 734; ‘Chron. of Eng.’ 871, etc. + +684. _huntinge_. Cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 937: _He rod on huntyng on a day_. +‘Guy of W.’ 1315: _On huntyng Gye went on a day_. Hunting was a +favourite amusement at the time of the Danish invasions, as we know from +the life of Alfred. + +692, C. _sat on þe sunne_. The sun shone in the bower. Cf. Wissmann’s +citation from The Squire of L. D.: _Anone that lady, fayr and fre, Vndyd +a pynne of yvere, And wyd the windowes open set; The sonne schone in at +her closet_. + +710. _turne þine sweuene_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 25573: _Let þu mi sweuen to selþen +iturnen_ (Wissmann). + +716. _treuþe iþe pliȝte_. Cf. 321 Note. + +729. _bi sture_ refers to one of the rivers Stour. Cf. like opinions of +Mätzner and Wissmann. + +731 ff. Cf. ‘Guy of W.’ 3065 ff.; ‘Amis and Amil.’ 781 ff.; and ‘Rich. +C. de L.’ 1000, for other instances of betrayal. + +734. _berne_. Not clear. Cf. Mätzner, Ae. Sprachproben, p. 219. + +740. _Vnder couerture_. Cf. ‘Life of Alex.’ 549: _In he cam to here bur +and crape under hire couertour_ (Wissmann). + +767-8, L H. Meaning somewhat obscure. Cf. Wissmann’s Note with somewhat +parallel citation from ‘The Squire of L. D.’. 507 ff.: _his drawen swerd +in his hande, There was no more with him wolde stande_. + +779. _haue wel godneday_. Common form of parting salutation. Cf. ‘Lay.’ +26002, 32187 (Wissmann); also ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 106: _Lemman haue thou +good day_. ‘Ipomydon’ 463: _Have good day; noue wille I fare_, etc. + +780. _No leng abiden_. Cf. ‘King of Tars.’ 283, 314, 760: _The +messengers nold no leng abide_. Also ‘Yw. and Gaw.’ (Ritson I.) 2673-4: +_He said, No lenger dwell I ne may Beleves wele, and haves goday_. Cf. +also ‘Assumption’ 142 C, 288 A. + +783-4. _wune þere_ : _seue ȝere_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 29437-8, also 30088-9 +(Wissmann). Seven years, like seven days, is a period of time +conventional in romance. Cf. ‘Squire of L. D.’ 117: _I haue thee loved +this seven yere_. Also ‘Beues’ 1274, 3835, 3897, etc. Cf. also Grimm, +Rechtsalt. 214. + +798. _Kep wel_. Cf. ‘Beues’ 2372: _I pray þe kepe wel Iosian_. + +808. _westene londe_. Ireland, without a doubt. Westnesse as +distinguished from estnesse; Aylmer’s kingdom as distinguished from +Murry’s. + +809, L H. _stonde_, spring up, rise. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 20509: _wind stod_. + +827 ff. Cf. the description of the coming of Hengest (‘Lay.’ 13785 ff.). + +829. _Also mot i sterue_. For other forms of asseveration cf. 179, 197, +365, 437, 709, 1131, 1259, etc. + +831. _Ne saȝ i neure_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 13830-1: _bi dæie no bi nihtes ne sæh +ich nauere ær swulche cnihtes_. Cf. also 180-2, also ‘Beowulf’ 246-7: +_Næfre ic māran geseah eorla ofer eorþan þonne is ēower sum_. + +834. Cf. 403 Note. + +836. Cf. ‘Lay’ 13816 ff. + +838, L. _hauen to done_. Cf. ‘Seven Sages’ 452: _With me ne hadde he +neuer to done_. ‘Life of Alex.’ 1429: _There he hadde thought to done, +Ac he hit aleyde sone_ (Wissmann). + +839. _bitak ... to werie_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 3021 (Wissmann). + +841. _faireste man_. ‘Lay.’ 13797-8: _þis weoren þe færeste men þat +auere her comen_. + +848. _Tak him þine glorie_. Cf. Wissmann, Note, also Kölbing (Engl. +Stud. vi, 156). The glove had many significations. It might be used as a +sign of challenge (cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 1100); or it might signify a +handing over of authority from a superior to a subordinate (Grimm, +Rechtsalt. 154, 4). It is in this latter way that Kölbing believes the +word to be used here in Horn. When a prince for any reason left his +land, he must leave some one behind, _to hold the court_ (‘Sir +Tristrem,’ v. 1985), and must supply this one with the badge of +authority. This opinion of Kölbing’s seems very plausible. It is +interesting, however, to note two other uses of the glove. Cf. ‘Rich. C. +de L.’ 5696-1: _Thertoo I holde, Thertoo my glove_ (= ‘make agreement’). +And ‘R. H.’ 909-11 C: _E horn uent cuntre li cumme il iest costumez, E +lespée e les gaunz sire dist ca donez, Issil soleit faire ainz quil fust +encusez_. The clue to the meaning might be suggested by either one of +these phrases. One thing seems certain; in our poem (K. H.) the king’s +meaning is that Horn should be left at home. This is the meaning in +R. H. 2324-6: _Si alez doneer k’od vus ne le menez, K’il est de belté +issi inluminez. Ke vus là ù il ert, petit serrez preisez._ + +861, C. _site stille_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 28173, 24866: _sitteð adun stille +cnihtes inne halle_ (Wissmann). + +867 ff. Regarding the custom of single combat, cf. ‘Publ. of Mod. Lang. +Assoc. of America’ xv. pp. 228, 230. Cf. also the triple combat in +‘Rich. C. de L.’ 5691 ff. Cf. also the Arundel MS. version (French) of +‘Havelok,’ in which Havelok overcomes Hadulf in single combat and thus +regains his Danish kingdom. + +876-7. _þat on_ : _þat oþer_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 29215-16: _him seoluen he heol +þat ane, Isembard þat oðer_. + +881-2. _to rede_ : _alle dede_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 118: _Louerd what schal me +to rede_; Böddeker, G. L., ix. 16, _sone, what shal me to rede_ +(Wissmann). Also ‘Lay.’ 13904-5: _her-of þou most ræden, oðer alle we +beoð dæden_. + +886. _wiþ_ used in the OE. sense ‘against.’ Cf. the use of _on_ (= ‘in’) +and _at_, 619 Note. (= ‘from’) in Glossary. + +895, H. _ros of bedde_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 6717: _þe king aros of bedde_ +(Wissmann). + +904, H. _to gedere smiten_. ‘Lay.’ 25605: _heo smiten heom to-gaderen_ +(Wissmann). + +909. _on a grene_. Inconsistent with ‘_at Cristesmasse_,’ v. 853. + +911 ff. Cf. Wissmann’s Note. + +921-2. _King Mory_. This is one of several references to a fuller, +longer tale, in which Murry must have played a more important rôle. Cf. +vv. 4 ff. and the abrupt introduction of Arnoldin, 1561. + +925. _agrise_. Cf. ‘King of Tars.’ 1202: _so sore hem gan agrise_. + +931. _rynge_. Unlike the ring in the Scotch ballads and in H. C. the +ring in this version serves as a protection. + +933-4. _smerte_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 2646: _þorw þe brest unto þe herte þe +dint bigan ful sore to smerte_ (Wissmann). + +935. _sturne_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 25841, 6732 (Wissmann). + +947-8, H. _stounde_ : _grounde_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 4537-8: _Soone, +withinne a lytyl stounde The moste party yede to grounde_. + +952. _fader_. OE. gen. sing. Cf. 116 ‘C. H.’ + +964 ff. Cf. the similar offer made to Brennes by Sequin, ‘Lay.’ 4919 ff. + +974. _lofte_. In the sense ‘women’s apartments’ seems to be of Norse +origin. Cf. Skeat, Etymol. Dict., also Wissmann, 928 Note. Cf. also +1050 L. It seems probable that the women’s apartments were in the +‘tower.’ Cf. also Kölbing (Engl. Stud. vi. 155). + +1002-3. _dude_ seems to be used in the modern, intensive sense, and not +as ‘cause to’ or ‘put.’ + +1010-11. For similar situations cf. ‘Guy of W.’ 1315-16: _On huntyng Gye +went on a day, He mett a palmer by the way_. Also ‘Erl of Tolous’ 937-8: +_He rode on huntyng on a day, A marchand mett he be þe way_. Cf. also +‘Beues’ 1300 ff. + +1021-2. _wedde_ : _bedde_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 31126-7 B: _he þat maide weddede, +and nam hire to his bedde_. + +1024, H. _enimis_. Perhaps trace of OF. nom. sing. ending in _-s_, due +to French scribe. Cf. 123 Note. + +1034. _bidere_, error for _bitere_ (?). + +1056. _wringe_. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ 876: _Hir handes fast gan she wrynge_. + +1068. _linne_. Hortative (?). + +1073. _kniȝt mid þe beste_. A common phrase. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 20449, etc. + +1077-8. _sonde_ : _londe_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 28676-7: _and sende his sonde wide +ȝeond his londe_. + +1089. _striken_. Stratmann suggests ‘strip.’ + +1091-2, H. _yronge_ : _ysonge_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 29441-2: _no belle irungen. +no masse isunge._ + +1093. _word bigan to springe_. Cf. ‘Havel.’ 959: _of him ful wide þe +word sprong_. ‘Lay.’ 26242: _Wel wide sprong þas eorles word_ +(Wissmann). Also ‘King of Tars.’ 1065: _þe word wel wide sprong_. ‘Lyb. +Disc.’ 264 ff.: _Hys name ys spronge wide_. + +1102. _sprunge of stone_. The simile is one of quickness that of a spark +from the stone in striking a light, like modern “quick as a flash.” Cf. +_He sprange als any spark one glede_, ‘Sir Isumbras,’ 451. + +1103-4. _mette_ : _grette_. A very common rime. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 31041-2: _þer +he hine mette and fæire hine grette_. ‘Beues’ 2051-2: _þar wiþ a palmer +he mette, And swiþe faire he him grette_. + +1117. _nolde_. Cf. ‘Lay’ 28900: _and seiden þat he nolde_. + +1118 L. _ispused wiþ golde_. Reference, probably, to an old custom of +buying the bride. + +1121. _Myd strencþe_. Cf. ‘Squire of L. D.’ 443 (Wissmann). + +1132 ff. _chaungi wede_. Compare with this ‘Beues’ 2051 ff., where Beues +meets a palmer, learns from him the news, exchanges garments with him, +and in disguise goes to see Iosiane after an absence of seven years. +Disguises are an almost universal feature of these mediaeval tales. Cf. +Brian’s disguise in ‘Pierre de Langt.’ (Rolls Series), pp. 248-350. Cf. +also disguises in ‘Guy of W.’, ‘Layamon’ (17637 ff.), ‘Ypomydon,’ ‘Rich. +C. de L.,’ ‘Isumbras,’ etc. They are frequent in Germanic story from the +stories of Thor down. + +1134. _sclauyne_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 611-12: _with pyke and with +sclavyn, As palmers were in Paynim_. + +1139. _horn his_ = Hornes, evidently due to scribe’s mistake in hearing. + +1144. _bicolmede_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 17700-1, _iblæcched he hæfde his licame: +swulc ismitte of cole_. + +1147-8. _gateward_. Cf. ‘Ipomydon’ 245-6: _They com to the +castelle-gate, The porter was redy there at_. + +1155. _abugge_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 3841, 8159 (Wissm.). + +1158, L. _rake_. Cf. ‘Beues’ 2183: _Let me wiþ þe reke_. + +1164. _ȝerne_. Cf. Ritson, II. 25, 589: _þe mayde cryde yerne_ (Wissm.). + +1184 ff. Cf. the story of Brian, ‘Lay.’ III., pp. 234-8: Brian, +disguised as a palmer, enters the banqueting hall. Galarne, his sister, +the queen, serves the guests to drink from a bowl. She recognizes Brian, +and gives him a ring in token of recognition. + +1185-6. _benche_ : _schenche_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 14963-4: _& heo gon scenchen +on þas kinges benche_. Cf. also ‘Beowulf,’ 1226-54. + +1190. _so laȝe was in londe_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’: _Thenne as hit was +lawe of land_ (Wissm.). + +1191-2. _Hye drank of þe bere To knyt and to squiere_. An old Germanic +custom. Cf. Wissmann, ‘Untersuchungen’ (‘Q. u. F.’ xvi. Strassb., 1876), +p. 110. + +1202. _brune_. Cf. Wissm., 1142 Note, also Kölbing (‘Engl. Stud.’ vi. +156). Wissmann takes _brun_ to be a collective referring to ‘beer.’ +Kölbing, with greater probability, takes _brun_ to mean an ordinary +brown horn, as distinguished from the _cuppe white_, which she has laid +down, 1201. + +1204. _glotoun_. The same phrase in Wolfram’s ‘Parz.’: _si wænde, er +wære ein garzūn_ (Wissm.). + +1206. _þing_, probably a mistake for _ring_. Cf. 479-80. + +1240. _vnder wude liȝe_. Cf. ‘Lay’: _Ich eou wille leden forð to mine +lauerd i þon wade rime þer he under rise lið_ (Wissm.). + +1259. _bi seint gile_. Cf. Wissm. 1197 Note. Cf. also 829 Note. + +1275. _custe_. Cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 401: _And kyssyde hyt fele sythe_. +Cf. also 425 Note. + +1281-2. _Heo feol on hire bedde_. Cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 871, 875: _He hent +a knyfe with all his mayn ... And fell {in} swoun upon hys bedd_; also +‘Ipomydon’ 871 ff.: _Uppon hyr bedde she gan downe falle_. Cf. also 458, +792. + +1282, H. _gredde_. Cf. ‘Beues’ 2151: _After Bonefas ȝhe gan grede_. + +1297, L, H. _kuste_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 15017-18, 5012-14. + +1304. _wroþe_. Cf. 366 Note. + +1311-12. _bure_ : _ture_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 2072-3: _I shal lene þe a bowr +þat is up in þe heye tour_. + +1321-2. _ywis_ : _blis_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 7605-7 B: _Mochel was þe blisse þat +hii makede mid iwisse_. + +1335. _wunder_. Cf. Mätzner 1247 Note. + +1336. _falsede_. Early instance of a hybrid word. + +1398. _crouch_. Lat. _crucem_, OE. _cruce_. + +1410. _hym agros_. Cf. 925 Note. + +1419. _kepe þis passage_. Cf. ‘Beowulf’ 230 ff.: _se þe holmclifu +healdan scolde_, etc. + +1420. _of age_. This phrase seems to have very nearly its modern +meaning, and if so, is probably the earliest recorded instance. Cf. New +Oxford Dict. + +1422. _bi este_ C, _by weste_ L H. This confusion, here as elsewhere, +seems due to changing points of view. _Westernesse_ is of course west to +_Suddenne_, and both are east to _Yrlonde_. + +1428. _þe riȝte_, direct. Cf. Wissmann, 1356 Note. + +1462. _I blessed beo þe time_. Cf. ‘Havel.’ 1215; ‘Chron. of Engl.’ 705 +(Wissmann). + +1465-6. _teche_ : _speche_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 26544: _for þus we eou scullen +techen ure Bruttisce speche_, and 26834: _Nu is we wulle teche Bruttisce +spæche_. For a very similar use cf. ‘Lay.’ 18424-25: _we scullen heom to +teon & tiðende tellen_; 20605-6, _and we heom sculleð tellen Bruttisce +{spelles}_; 21698, _sorhfulle spelles_; 24942, _ȝeomere spelles_. In all +these instances, as in the phrase in K. H., the meaning seems to be to +inflict dire punishment. Cf. also ‘Lay.’ 23503-4: _& techen heō to riden +þene wæi touward Romen_. + +1467-8. _sle_ : _fle_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 6417-18: _oðer mid fure he lette hom +slæn · oðer he heom lette quic flan_. Cf. also ‘Lay.’ 27376-7, 29049-50; +‘Life of Alex.’ 1734 (Wissmann). Cf. also ‘Havelok,’ 612: _He shal hem +hangen, or quik flo_. For details of the flaying, cf. ‘Havelok’ 2492 ff. + +1469. _horn to blowe_. In both French versions of ‘Havelok,’ Havelok +proves his identity in Denmark by his ability to blow the horn which +Sigar presents to him, and which no one else can blow. Cf. also ‘Beues’ +3377: _Saber is horn began to blow, þat his ost him scholde knowe_. Cf. +also Roland’s horn in the Song of Roland and a similar incident in the +German romance, ‘König Rother.’ + +1481-2. _wurche_ : _churche_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 10205-6: _chirchen he lettē +areren monie & wel iwhare_; also 29531-2. + +1483-4. _ringe_ : _singe_. Cf. ‘Havelok’ 242: _Belles he deden sone +ringen, monkes and prestes masse singen_ (Wissmann). + +1487, L. _cleten_. Scribal error for _clepten_. + +1501-2, L H. _ston ... lym ..._ The combination of stone and lime is +probably a sign of French influence on MSS. L and H. Cf. R. H. 5047: _de +pere e de furment_. Cf. also ‘Erl of Tolous’ 467: _Was made of lyme and +stone_; also ‘Sir Eglamour,’ 252. + +1509-10. _wende_ : _schende_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 1793-9: _Þe kaisere wende +Walwaī to scende_. + +1516-17. For mode of marriage cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’ 185-8. + +1518. _newe werke_. Cf. ‘Rob. of Glouc.’ p. 449 (Wissmann). + +1536. _wunder_ = harm, evil. Cf. Mätzner, 1247 Note, 1422 Note. + +1537. _wundes fiue_. Cf. ‘King of Tars.’ 57: _þat suffred wowndes fiue_. + +1574. _ginne_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 30567: _þurh nanes cunnes giñe_ (Wissmann). + + +FLORIS AND BLAUNCHEFLUR. + +2, T. _þe cristen woman_, the captive mother of Blauncheflur. + +28, T. _louyd togeder_, a French idiom, _s’entr’amoient_. + +72, T. _Boþ by day and by nyȝt_. Cf. ‘K. Horn,’ 275 Note. + +77, T. _þat oþer_, preservation of the OE. definite inflected form, +_þæt_, source of modern English dialect ‘tother.’ + +80, T. _ben ... wo_. Cf. 142 T, and ‘K. Horn,’ 121 Note. + +100, T. _fel to_, was due. Cf. Bradl.-Stratm. _fallen_. + +110, T. _wore_ : _lore_. Cf. _were_ : _fere_, 82. + +113-14, T. _sykes_, _lernes_, _mornes_. These forms seem due to Northern +influence on MS. T. + +140, T. _Let do bring forth_. A curious combination. ‘Let’ is beginning +to usurp the place of ‘do’ in the sense of ‘cause to.’ Cf. 155 T, 211 T, +434 C, etc. + +168, T ff. In these allusions to other romances are to be found the most +certain clues as to the time of composition of ‘Fl. and Bl.’ + +193, T. _at oone_. Cf. ‘K. Horn,’ 997 Note. + +194, T. _Amyral_, emir, saracen ruler. + +210, T. _wyrche_. Cf. ‘K. Horn,’ 1481. + +226, T. _chargeþ_. Error for _targeþ_. Cf. MS. Cott. + +227, T. _noome_, gone. Cf. _vndernome_, 152, 219 T. + +250, T. _ronne on hye_, ran to the chamber above. + +270, T. _wept_. Cott. has the older form _wep_. Cf., however, _Aryst_ (: +_atwist_), 869 T and 589 C, and Cott. + +272, T. _So swete a þing_. Cf. v. 525, also ‘K. Horn,’ 473 C, Note. + +338, T. _care vnbynde_. Cf. ‘K. Horn,’ 572. + +341-2, T. _devyse_ : _prys_. These words have a meaning somewhat +different from the modern meaning. _Deuyse_ means direction, +supervision; _prys_ means value. Like _charged_ 343, and _monay_ 345, +they are French words with French meanings. + +343, T. _charged_, loaded. Fr. influence. + +345, T. _monay_, small money. Fr. influence. + +376, T. _douȝt_. This use of _ȝ_ where it has no right etymologically +shows that it was no longer pronounced. Cf. _anooneryȝt_ : _white_ +766 T. + +40, C. _nabit_. Cf. ‘K. Horn,’ 1211 L., H. + +67, C. _Fort he dide slep him nome_. ‘Until the dead sleep seized him.’ +_Fort he_ comes from _for to he_ (Hausknecht). + +76, C. _parais_. A French form. The _-d-_ shaded out in French about +1110. + +110, C. _pane of meniuier_. Cf. Hausknecht’s Note. Hausknecht reads: +_I paned al wiþ meniver_, supplied with panes of meniver. _Meniuier_ +(_menu_ + _vair_) means a kind of fur, probably of squirrel. + +145, C. _in alle halue_. Cf. Map, 338, _on alle halve_ (Bradl.-Stratm.). + +173, C. _furtenniȝt_, a journey of a fortnight. (?) + +176, C. _amidde riȝt_, right in the middle of. Cf. also 182. + +231, C. _kernel_ (_kanel_), canal (Hausknecht). + +275, C. _spray_. Cf. Bradl.-Stratm. + +300, C. _þonur_ (_þe_ + _honur_). + +304, C. _bulmeþ_, error for _welmeþ_. (?) + +308, C. _for do_, old force of _for-_. Cf. Germ. _ver-_. + +448, C. _hire stonde_. Trace of gram. gender. Cf. Hausknecht, 854 Note. + +465, C. _lepe_. Cf. Hausknecht, 875 Note. + +486, C. _Ho_, who so. Early instance of loss of _w-_. + +497, C. _forȝe me_ (_forȝete me_). + +513, C. _ileste a mile_, time to go a mile. Cf. ‘K. Horn,’ 631-2 Note. + +536, C. _pal_. Cf. Hausknecht, 952 Note. + +589, C. _arist_ (: _atwist_). Early instance of a strong verb become +weak. + +597, C. _piler_, the pillar in the tower, the one in which the +water-pipe runs. Cf. 223-232 C. + +937, T. _withdrowȝ_, restrained. Rare in this sense. + +941, T. _soord_. Hausknecht reads _soon_. + +960, T. _kinde of man_. Fr. _nature_. _Kind_ is felt to be no longer an +exact equivalent of _nature_; hence in T, _of man_ is added. + +692, 697, C. _him_. Further traces of grammatical gender. Cf. 448, C +Note. + +988, T. _lygge_. Read _bygge_. French _racatassent_. + +718, C. _biknewe_. Cf. Glossary. + +1007, T. _ne getest not_. Scribal error. Cf. C and A. + +1009, T. _on lyue_. Mod. Engl. alive. Cf. _adown_, _a-fishing_, etc. + +1011-12, T. _byne_ : _moyne_. _byne_ not clear; _moyne_ error for +_myne_. (?) + +1017, T. _tyre_ (tear), did struggle toward her. + +814, C. _ȝeld here while_, paid for their pains. Cf. ‘worth while.’ + + +ASSUMPTION. + +4, C. _lescoun_, reading. Lat. _lectiones_. + +7, 8, C. _blessi_ : _herkni_. Cf. _blessyth_ : _herkenythe_ F, _blis_ : +_herkenis_ D. + +15, 16, C. _also_ : _mo_. H and F have _also_ : _two_. + +19-22. Add. Not in H or D, or F. + +21-2, C. _red_ : _ded_. The scribe has neglected to cross his _d_ to +make _ð_. D 21-2 has _beth_ : _deth_. + +17-44, C. Omitted in F. + +29-30, C. _weop_ : _fet_. _let_ : _fet_ in H and D. + +33-4, C. _fless_ : _was_. H and D have _blode_ : _mode_. + +41-2, C. Not in H, or F, or D. + +51-56, C. In D (49-54) all is told in a command to John. F (25-32) +follows D rather than C in rimes. + +59-60, C. _were_ : _forbere_. F (35-5) has _saumpull_ : _tempull_. D +(57-8) has _exemple_ : _temple_. + +61-2, C. _þore_ : _more_. Cf. F (37-8) _more_ : _ore_, D (59-60) _more_ +: _lore_. + +63-4, C. Not in F or D. + +69-70. _fedde_ : _bedde_. Cf. F (43-4), D (65-6): _Therfore þey loued +hur well all_ (D is substantially, not exactly, the same as F): _And +sche hyt seruyd wele with all_ F. + + [[The rimes are at 65-66, C, and 71-72, A.]] + +70-1, C. _slep_ : _kep_. Cf. F (45-6) and D (67-8): + + _Besy sche hur made þat swete may_ + _hur sone to serue nyght and day._ F. + +and H 67-8: + + _besy shee was day and nyght_ + _for to serue god almyght._ + +75-88, C. Not in F. + +80-86, C. Cf. D (76-80): + + _al þat sche wolde he dide sone_ + _Crist hem sette boþe Iliche_ + _In to þe blisse of heuene riche_ + _But whan mane þat mayden hende_ + _Schulde out of þis world wende._ + +Cf. also H (75-78): + + _Crist ham blessid bothe y liche_ + _that sone hem brought to heuen riche._ + _Tho Marie that mayden hende_ + _shuld out of this world wende,_ + _Crist here sent an Angel fro heuen._ + +97-8, C. _quen_ : _ben_. Cf. F (57-8): + + _That hye flowre þat groweþ on a tree_ + _Mary modyr he sent to the._ + +also D (91-2): + + _þe lilye flour þat grew on the_ + _Mayden & moder wel the be._ + +also H (89-90): + + _lady þe flour that come of the_ + _mayde and moder y-heried þu be._ + +103-4, C. _þinge_ : _bringe_. Cf. _brynge_ : _tithynge_. F (61-2), D +(97-8), H (95-6). + +107-8, C. _beo_ : _þe_. Cf. _come_ : _wone_. F (65-6), D (101-2), H +(99-100). + +110, C. _meigne_. Cf. F 68, D 104, H 102, _plente_. + +121-2, Add. F, D, and H have these verses and an additional couplet: +_lady swete y say to the That here schall þow no lengur be_. F (75-6.) D +and H have substantially the same. + +116, C. _hire by_. F, D, and H have _belamy_ in agreement with Add. + +121-2, C. _kenesmen_ : _beon_. Cf. H 118: _and of my frendes that y +kene_. + +127-8, C. _come_ : _aboue_. Cf. H (123-4), _come_ : _doune_. + +131-2, C. _lefdy_ : _belamy_. Cf. H (127-8): + + _Then seid Marie to þat angel fre._ + _What is thi name tel thu me._ + +139-146, C. Cf. F (101-4): + + _The aungell to heuene wande_ + _Whan he had seyde hys errande_ + _Mary toke that palme in honde_ + _and thoght moche of þat sonde._ + +D (135-8) has substantially the same. H (135-8) has, _yede_ : _seide_, +_hond_ : _sond_. + +151-2, C. _idon_ : _on_. Cf. F (109-10) _ydo_ : _to_, D (143-4) _ido_ : +_to_. + +162, C. _vnriȝt_. Cf. F (154): _boþe be dayes & be nyght_; do. D (154), +H (154). + +164, C. _dred_. H, F, and D have _qued_ : _for I dowte me of þe quede_, +F 156. + +177-180 C. _wo_ : _fo_, _so_ : _to_. F (137-40) has _bone_ : _sone_, +_also_ : _to_. D (171-4) has the same rimes. H (171-4) has _bone_ : +_sone_, _also_ : _tho_. + +190, C. _idriȝt_. F (148), D (172), and H (182) have _plight_. + +193-4, C. _ded_ : _ned_. F (151-2), D (185-6) have _pyne_ : _tyme_. H +does not have these verses. + +199-200, C. Cf. F (157-60): + + _And sayde lady how may thys be_ + _yf thow wynde sory we bee._ + _lady thou haste seruyd vs so_ + _allas how schall we the for goo._ + +D (191-4) has _be_ : _we_, _so_ : _go_. H (189-92) has: + + _and seid lady how may this be_ + _Yf þu wendist how shal we do_ + _lady whi dos thu serue vs so_ + _how shal we then lady do._ + +213-14, C. _to_ : _so_. Cf. F (173-4): + + _ye schall see a wondur dreche_ + _whan my sone wole me fecche._ + +D (207-8): + + _schal no sorwe me drecche_ + _for my sone wile me fecche._ + +H (203-6): + + _ther shal me no sorow dery_ + _for my sone wol me wery._ + _my body shal haue no woo_ + _for Ihesus sake to whom y go._ + +219-20, C. _kyng_ : _geng_. Cf. F (179-80): + + _he þat y bare my leue sone_ + _schall sende me aungellys {soon}_ + +D (213-14): + + _he þat I bar my leue sone_ + _wile þat good folk to me come._ + +H (209-10): + + _he þat y bare my lef sone_ + _he wol sende other come._ + +226, C. Two lines are omitted here. Cf. F (187-8). + + _Seynt John wyste ther of noght._ + _what tydyng þat the angell broȝt._ + +With F agree D (221-2) and H (217-18). + +231-4, C. _chere_ : _dere_, _blis_ : _is_. Cf. F (193-96): + + _Than thou haddyst ony schame_ + _where þorow Ihc myȝt me blame._ + _and y schall neuyr blythe bee_ + _Tyll y wott what eyleyth {the}._ + +D (227-30) agrees with F. H (223-26) has the rimes, _shame_ : _blame_, +_the_ : _be_. + +247, H. _glad_. F (210) has: + + _Thou haste me bothe fedd and ladd._ + +C (244) has: + + _boþe þou feddist me & clad._ + +251-262, H. Not in D. + +261-2, H. _sone_ : _come_. F 223-4 has _abouen_ : _comen_. + +274, H. _foly_. F (236) and D (258) have _velane_. + +275, H. _oure allere dright_. F (237) has: _that ys so bryght_. D (199) +has: _king ful of Right_. + +277-80, H. D has only two lines (261-2): + + _Seynt John answerid tho_ + _Swete ladi what schal I do._ + +289-92 H. _deth_ : _meth_, _fro_ : _woo_. Not in D. F (251-4) has +_dyght_ : _ryght_, _froo_ : _twoo_. + +298, H. At this point there follow in D (277-80): + + _For soþe þouh I go before_ + _Schalt þou no þing ben for lore._ + _I schal bidde my leue sone,_ + _þat þou may to vs come._ + +301-2, H. _beforn_ : _com_. D (283-4) has _manere_ : _there_. + +303 ff., H. From this point F and D follow Add. (309-340). + +320, Add. Here D (299-300) has two lines not in Add. or F: + + _Telle þou me my leue fere_ + _Whi þou makist so drere chere_ + +322, Add. _mon_. F (240): _Why I wepe anone_. + +332, Add. F (301-2) and D (313-14) have two extra lines here: + + _So helpe me Ihesus_ + _y not how y come to thys howse._ + +355-6, Add. _wham_ : _cam_. F (305-6) _whom_ : _come_. D 317-18 +_nouht_ : _brouht_. + +347 ff., F. At this point there is a transposition in Add. D and F agree +in the main. After 346 A there follow in F (317-337): + + _Come now forthe now with me_ + _all before hur knele wee_ + _And seyde lady well thou be_ + _Thy sone vs hath sent to the_ 320 + _To serue the & be the by_ + _For now we be come to the lady_ + _anodur thyng seynt John_ + _To {the} apostolys oon be oon_ + _loke whan ye come ther yn_ 325 + _ye schall see many of hur kynne_ + _That sory semblant they make_ + _and sore wepe for hur sake_ + _But make we alle feyre chere_ + _For hur frendys that ben there_ 330 + _Than went þe apostelys oon lasse þen {xii}_ + _Euyn before oure lady hur selfe_ + _Into the chaumbur þat sche was ynne_ + _and many moo of hur kynne_ + _On kneys they sett them ylke oon_ 335 + _As them badd seynt John_ + _They seyde lady heuene queue_ etc. + +357-8, Add. _alle_ : _falle_. Cf. 331-2 above; also D 343-4. + +360, Add. _bi and bi_. Cf. F 348: _And welcomyd þe apostelys tendurly_. +D 358: _& welcomid hem hendeli_. + +363-6, Add. _þere_ : _were_, _þouȝt_ : _ybroȝt_. F (351-4) has _forme_ : +_come_, _noght_ : _broght_. 363-4, Add. are wanting in D. For 365 Add., +D has: _þei seyde_ : _ladi doute þow nouht_. + +369, Add. _come_. D 365 has: _Than seyde oure ladi as was hire wone_. + +309-10, H. _he_ : _be_. F (359-60) has: + + _I am hys modur þat he me cutt_ + _Full fayne I am þat he me fett._ + +D (367-8) has: + + _I am his modur þat is full of myght_ + _ful fayne he haþ ȝow to me dight._ + +375-8, Add. Not in F or D. + +315-16, H. _name_ : _shame_. Not in D. + +326, H. _laue_. F (376) has _scathe_. D (382) _gabbe_. + +329, H. _badde here bone_. F (383) has _speke theron_. + +327-30, H. Not in D. + +331-2, H. _stede_ : _bede_. F (381-2) and D (383-4) have _hur by_ : +_mary_. + +339-40 H. Not in D. + +341, H. _went to aray_. F (391) _dud hur ley_. D (391) _ȝede and ley_. + +344, H. _here body sikerly_. F (344) _hur os hys lady_. D (394) _wiþ al +hire myght oure ladi_. + +409 ff., Add. F and D agree with H here. The address of Jesus to the +angels is peculiar to Add. + +365-6, H. _heuene_ : _seuene_. F (415-16) _meyne_ : _plente_. + +348, H. Some leaves in D at this point are lost. D resumes at 477 H. + +373-4. _trone_ : _sone_. F (423-4) _blys_ : _with owt mys_. + +379-80, H. _dere_ : _here_. F (429-30) _moder_ : _hider_. + +382, H. _now thu comest with thi meyne_. F (432) _and thy aungels with +mery glee_. + +384 H. _with all gladnesse_. F (434) _with owt mys_. + +394, H. _thu shall bene_. F (444) _schalt þere seene_. + +398, H. _or any with the shall be_. F (448) _The syght of hym þou do fro +mee_. + +399-400, H. _one_ : _gone_. F (499-50) agrees in thought with Add. +_foone_ : _oone_. + +403-4, H. _se_ : _the_. F (453-4) agrees with Add. _thole_ : _before_. + +405-6, H. Not in F. + +409-10, H. _the_ : _be_. F (457-8): + + _all the goostys that wrathedd mee_ + _Blynde schall they all bee._ + +411-12, H. _the_ : _me_. F (459-60) _yeue_ : _leue_. + +416, H. _forlore_. F (464): _That were forlorne nere thow were_. Cf. +Add. (467-70). + +419-22, H. F. transposes order, _mary_ : _ynne_, _crye_ : _thee_. + +529-30, Add. _anon_ : _done_. F (471-2): + + _I schall them helpe sone_ + _Swythe modur for þy louen._ + +424, H. _and in strif_. F (474) has: _In deedly synne man or wyfe_. + +425-6, H. _dawe_ : _be-knawe_. F (475-6), _throwe_ : _a knowe_. + +433-4, H. _mercy_ : _me by_. F (483-4): + + _y schall haue of them pete_ + _and sone they schall sauyd bee._ + +444-6 H. _bore_, _be_ : _me_. F (494-98): + + _Schall they neuer be for lore_ + _All hyt schall be at thy wylle_ + [Sidenote: Cf. Add. 552-6:] + _So hyt schall be & þat ys skylle,_ + _Modur y wyll no thyng geyn sey the_ + _What thyng ryghtfull þow aske of me._ + +451-2, H. _fere_ : _dere_. F (507-8): + + _Thou and all thy felaschypp_ + _That no wyght do hyt no dyspyte._ + +452, H. _hent_. F (509): _to heuene sente_. + +455-60, H. Cf. F (511-18): + + _all the aungels of heuen_ + _songyn wyth a mery stevyn_ + _hyt was well seene in ther songe_ + _That moche yoye was þem among_ + _With all þe aungels of heuen sche wan_ + _and as sone as sche thedur came_ + _Sche was made heuene quene_ + _Soche a sone blessyd muste bene._ + +461-2, H. _nome_ : _be-come_. F (519-20): + + _Now ye schall here a ferly case_ + _how the body kepte was._ + +583-4, Add. Not in F. + +473, H. _and leueth it_. F 531: _Do delue a pytt sone anoone_. + +485-6, H. _vs_ : _Iesus_. Not in F or D. + +488, H. _theder right anone_. F 544, _frendys ylkeson_. + +491-2, H. Not in D. + +504, H. _euerychone_. D (420), _as þei gon_. + +505-6, H. Not in D. + +507-8, H. _it_ : _pytt_. D (421-2): + + _& caste we hem in a slouh_ + _& do we hem schame I nouh._ + +509-10, H. Not in D. + +511-12, H. Not in D. + +514-15, H. Not in F or D. + +516, H. _holt and lame_. D (426), _blynd & lame_. + +519, H. _there were_. F (573), _hyng on þe bere_. + +520, H. _before_. D (430), _ere_. + +623-638, Add. Peculiar to Add. Not in H, or F, or D. + +535-6, H. _be best_ : _honest_. F (589-90), D (443-4), _that here +lythe_ : _and clene wyfe_. + +537-8, H. Not in D. + +539-40, H. _aboue_ : _loue_. + +F (593): _ys owre be houe_. + +D (445-6): + + _Ihesu þat was of hire born_ + _& ellis we had alle ben {lorn}._ + +544, H. _as ye may here_. D (450), _as anoþer it were_. + +545-6, H. _fourme_ : _sone_. D (451-2): + + _I beleue at þe forme come_ + _þat ihesu crist is goddis sone_ + +551-2, H. Not in D. + +552, H. _thurgh your biddynge_. F (606), _þat y am yn_. + +554, H. _anone_. D (458), _swiþe sone_. + +561-2, H. Not in D. + +562, H. Here follows in F (617-18): + + _Of an hounde he hath made hys knyȝt_ + _To preche of hym day and nyght._ + +565-6, H. _by-leue_, _y-yeue_. F (621-2): + + _he wyste he was to goddys be hove_ + _he taght hym all goddys beleue._ + +569-72, H. D (471-4): + + _In eueri lond wher he becam_ + _ouer al to preche {in} goddis name_ + _a good palme of þe lond_ + _he betauht him in his hond._ + +571-2, H. Not in F. + +574, H. _that were so felle_. D (476), _for to spelle_. + +576, H. _fay_. F (630), D (478), _lay_. + +577-8, H. Not in D. + +691 ff., Add. The order here is peculiar to Add. F and D agree with H. + +581-2, H. _Iosephas_ : _was_. F (635-6): + + _In to the vale of Joseph_ + _Os ihesu cryste them badd hath._ + +D (481-2): + + _to þe vale of Josaphath þei lad_ + _as ihesu crist him self bad._ + +587-94. Not in D. + +587-8, H. _done_ : _euerychone_. F (641-2): + + _Whan þey had beryd þat body_ + _home þey goon sekurlye._ + +592, H. _long_. F (646), _and a full mery songe_. + +598, H. Here follow in F (653-4): + + _as soone as they were at þe borde_ + _They began goddys worde._ + +603-4, H. Not in F or D. + +607-8, H. _leme_ : _beme_. F (661-2): + + _he broght the sowle in to þe body aȝen_ + _That was bryghter þen þe sunne beme._ + +D (499-500) has the same as F transposed, _beme_ : _aȝen_. + +609-10, H. _blisse_ : _ys_. F (663-4) _has ywys_ : _ys_. D (501-2), +_quen Iwis_ : _heuene blis_. + +611-16, H. F (665-72): + + _Thedurward come seynt Thomas_ + _as soone as he myght passe_ + _he was not at hur forthfare_ + _Therfore he was in moche care_ + _he wolde fayne haue be there,_ + _yf that goddys wyll hyt were._ + _as he thedur toke the way_ + _a bryghtnes hym thoght he say._ + +D (503-10) agrees in thought and rime with F, save in verses 509-10, +which are: + + _& as he thedirward went_ + _a brightnes he saw in þe firmamente._ + +625-632, H. Cf. F 681-90: + + _To my felows some tokenyng_ + _That y was toward thyn endyng_ + _lady graunte me my boone_ + _Ellys y not what y schall done_ + _They will not leue for nothyng_ + _That y was at thy berying_ + _abowte hur myddyll was a gyrdyll_ + _That hur selffe louydd mekyll_ + _Of sylke ymade wele wythall_ + _adowne to Thomas sche let hyt falle._ + +D (519-24) has: + + _to my felawis sum tokenyng_ + _of thi bodili vpsteyeng._ + _and certis þer aboute hire myddil_ + _sche had vpon a wel good girdil_ + _al of silk well wrouht wiþ alle_ + _& doun to Thomas sche lete it falle._ + +636, H. _yede_. D (528) has _dede_. + +639-642. F (697-702) has: + + _In the tempull of Jerusalem_ + _at mete he fonde them_ + _Whan he þem sye he grett þem anoon_ + _and they hym chydd euerychon_ + _and sayde all to Thomas of ynde_ + _Euyr more thow art be hynde._ + +D (531-6) agrees in thought with F, and has, _ierusalem_ : _hem_, +_Inouh_ : _wouh_, _Inde_ : _behynde_. + +645-6, H. Not in D. + +647-50, H. F (707-712): + + _Sore me for thynkyth quod Thomas_ + _That y was not there sche beryed was_ + _as y myght not there come_ + _That wyste wele goddys sone_ + _I blessyd be that quene so mylde_ + _That ys in heuyn wyth hur chylde._ + +D (539-544) agrees in matter with F, and has, _Thomas_ : _was_, _come_ : +_sone_, _quen_ : _schen_. + +657-60, H. F (719-24) has: + + _Or thou sye hys blody syde_ + _and hys wounde depe and wyde_ + _Of false be leue thou haste ybee_ + _Thou art so we may well see_ + _Thou art of an euyll beleue_ + _we kepe no soche maner fere._ + +D (551-6) agrees with F, save in v. 555: _þou art of a lither manere_. + +662, H. F (726), _wole ye all vpon me goone_. D (558), _I wile answer +the a non_. + +Here follow in F (727-8): + + _Be iħc þat was in bedlem borne_ + _me lyste to answere of yon neuer oon._ + +664, H. F (730) has, _os me thynkyth in my mode_. + +Then follow in F (731-2): + + _I sey hyt yow be my hode_ + _In the place there y stode._ + +D (559-62) has, _gode_ : _mode_, _hode_ : _blode_. + +667-8, H. Cf. D (565-8): + + _Quod petir this is no les_ + _In þis seynt sche beryed wes_ + _Me þinkiþ wunder þat it is here_ + _for it was beried with bere._ + +F (735-38) agrees with H in thought, but inverts the last two lines, the +last of which reads: _For hyt was beryed with hur in fere_. + +675, H. _yede_. Cf. D (573): _Ferth þei went of þat stede_. + +679-82, H. Not in D. D ends thus (576 ff.): + + _But a flour in þe grounde_ + _þei seyde ihesu goddis sone_ + _þi sonde to vs is welcome_ + _Jhesu crist ful of myght_ + _among þe apostlis þer a light_ + _& þe aungelis þat wiþ him were_ + _Grette þe apostelis alle in fere._ + _& þan oure lord ihesu crist_ + _hem ouersprad wiþ a myst_ + _& brouhte hem alle in a stounde_ + _In selcouth place fro þe toumbe_ + _þei com alle to hire contray_ + _but non wiste be what way._ + _Beseke we now þat swete may_ + _þat sche prey for vs nyght & day_ + _& bere oure arnde to hire sone_ + _þat we may to him come._ + _In to heuene þer he is king_ + _& ȝeue vs alle good ending. amen._ + +686, H, _sayng_. F (754) reads: _and þat þou wolde sende vs good +tydyng_. + +687-8, H. Not in F. + +689-90, H. F (755-6): + + _cryste of heuyn full ryght_ + _among þe apostelys he sente a lyght._ + +695 ff., H. F ends thus (761-790): + + _Soone aftur to heuyn wente cryste_ + _Vpon the apostelys spreed a myste_ + _and broȝt them all fro þat grounde_ + _In to sondry placys in a stounde_ + _Come they all in to ther cuntrey_ + _wyste noon how thedur come they._ + _moche wondur þan þem thoght_ + _how they were thedur broght._ + _cryste we thanke in euery place_ + _That hath sent vs thys grace._ + _here endyth thys lesson_ + _That ys clepydd the assumpcion_ + _Of seynt mary meke and mylde_ + _That ys in heuyn wyth hur chylde._ + _Beseche we all that swete may_ + _To pray for vs nyght and day_ + _and pray for vs to hur sone_ + _That we may to heuyn come_ + _To haue þat blys þere he ys kyng_ + _and gyf vs all goode endynge. amen._ + + + + +GLOSSARY. + + +ABBREVIATIONS. + + Add. Brit. Mus. Add. MS. of Ass. + + Ass. Assumption of our Lady. + + C. Cambridge Univ. MS. Gg. 4. 27. 2. of King Horn and Assumption. + + Cott. Cottonian MS. of Floriz and Bl. + + F. & B. Floriz and Blancheflur. + + H. Harleian MSS. of King Horn and of Assumption. + + KH. King Horn. + + L. Laud Misc. MS. 108 of King Horn. + + OE. Old English. + + OF. Old French. + + T. Trentham MS. of Floriz and Bl. + + V. Cottonian MS. of Floriz and Bl. + + +[Transcriber’s Note: + +Yogh ȝ and thorn þ are alphabetized as “g” and “t”. I and J are +alphabetized together. U/V as a vowel is alphabetized before V as +a consonant.] + +abegge, abeie, _see_ beien. + +abide, _see_ bide. + +acupement, _sb._ accusation, F. & B. 664, 670, etc., C. OF. +_acoupement_. + +Adam, Ass. 429, 461, 465 Add. + +Admiral, _sb._ emir, F. & B. 164, 170 C.; amirel, amirayl, F. & B. 175, +179 Cott.; Admirad, amyraud, Admyrold, KH. 95. + +adrenche, _see_ drenche. + +adriȝe, _see_ dreȝe. + +adrinke, _see_ drinke. + +adun, _adv._ down, KH. 458 C, 485 C; adune, adowne, adoune, KH. 1608 C L +H; adun, adoun, KH. 1610. + +age, _sb._ be of ----, KH. 1420, F. & B. 37 T, of age. Cf. KH. 1420 +Note. + +aȝenes, _see_ ȝen. + +agesse, _see_ gesse. + +agrise, _see_ grise. + +Ailbrus, Aylbrus, _see_ Aþelbrus. + +Ailmar, Aylmar, Almair, Eylmer, King of Westernesse, KH. 169, 233, 359, +526, 538, 549, 729, 733, 747, 753, 1331, 1514, 1614, etc. OE. +_Aeþelmær_. + +al, _adv._ all, quite, KH. 38 L H. + +alle veile, everywhere, KH. 262 L. + +Allof, father of Horn, KH. 4, 33, 73 H. + +also, _conj._ as, KH. 32, 1102 etc. OE. _eal swā_. + +angussus, _adj._ full of anguish, F. & B. 366 C. OF. _angoissous_. + +anhitte, _see_ hitten. + +apliȝt, _adv._ on one’s faith; aplyȝt, F. & B. 88 T; aplyst, F. & B. 200 +Cott.; apliȝt, F. & B. 649 C. OE. _on_ + _pliht_. + +aquelde, _see_ quelle. + +aquite, _see_ quite. + +araȝte, _see_ areche. + +areche, _v._ explain, recount; _infin._, KH. 1308 C.; 3 _sing. pret._ +araȝte, F. & B. 812 C. OE. _areccean_. + +arecche, _see_ recche. + +areche ?, _see_ reche. + +aredde, _infin._ rid, deliver, F. & B. 689 C. OE. _ahreddan_. + +Arnoldin, Arnoldyn, KH. 1561, 1613, 1618. + +aroum, _adv._ apart; aroom~, F. & B. 824 T; aroum, Cott. Cf. Gen. & Ex. +4000, 4021. OE. _on rum_, apart. + +arre, _see_ er. + +arson, _sb._ saddle bow; _n. s._, F. & B. 369 T. OF. _arçon_. + +aslawe, _see_ slon. + +asoke, _see_ sake. + +assoine, _infin._ prevent, F. & B. 423 T. + +at, _prep._ from. KH. 619 etc. OE. _æt_. + +atel, _adj._ dreadful, cruel, F. & B. 113 Cott. OE. _atol_, _eatol_. + +Aþelbrus, Aylbrous, Ailbrus, etc., KH. 239, 257, 282, 309, 351, 385, +481, 495, 501, 1621, 1627. + +Aþulf, Haþulf, ayol, KH. 27, 29, 300, 309, 311, 316, 537, etc. OE. +_Æthelwulf_, _Aþulf_, or _Eadwulf_. + +aton, _adj._ (at + one) agreed, KH. 997 C H. + +at wite, _v._ find fault with, twit; _infin._ F. & B. 490 C.; 3 _s. +pret._ atwist, F. & B. 490 C. OE. _ætwītan_. + +awreke, _v._ avenge; _infin._, F. & B. 731 C.; 3 _s. pret._ awrek, KH. +952 H. OE. _wrecan_. + +axede, askede, 3 _s. pret._ asked, KH. 43; askede H, axede C, acsede L. +OE. _āscian_, _āxian_. + +aye, _see_ eie. + + +Babylon, _dat._ F. & B. 147 T; Babyloyn, 190 T, 191 T; -loigne, 119 C.; +babyloyne, 147 T, 191 T; Babyloyne, 153 T; Babilloine, 172 C.; +Babiloyne, 181 Cott.; Babilloigne, 120, 129 C.; Babilloine, 129 C, etc. +French version has _Babiloine_, 406, 505, etc. + +bale, _sb._ bale, calamity, F. & B. 821 C. OE. _bealu_. + +barbecan, _sb._ outer work of a fortress, F. & B. 207 C. OF. +_barbecane_. + +barm, _sb._ lap, bosom; in bearme, KH. 752. OE. _bearm_. + +barnage, _sb._ baronage, F. & B. 639 C. OF. _baronage_. + +bede, _sb._ prayer, Ass. 89 C, 95 Add., 332 H, 486 Add. etc. OE. _bēd_. + +bede, _v._ present, offer; _infin._, KH. 492; 2 _pl. pres._, KH. 977 C +L. OE. _bēodan_. + +beien, _v._ buy; 3 _s. pret._ boȝte, KH. 1442 C. abeie, _v._ atone for, +expiate; _infin._ abeie C; abeye L, KH. 116; abugge C H; abygge L 1155; +3 _s. pret._ aboute L; abohte H, KH. 1493. OE. _bycgan_. + +belamy, _sb._ good friend, F. & B. 633 C. OF. _bel ami_. + +belde, _see_ bolde. + +belete, _see_ leten. + +bemeneþ, _see_ bimene. + +bene, _sb._ petition, KH. 590 C L. OE. _bēn_. + +beode, _v._ offer; _infin._, F. & B. 369 C.; 3 _s. pret._ bed, F. & B. +733 C. OE. _bēodan_. + +Berild, byrild, beryld, Byryld, KH. 816, 817, 825, 837, 845, 877, 878. + +berwe, _v._ protect; _infin._, KH. 980 L. OE. _beorgan_. + +beyne, _num._ both, KH. 949 H. OE. _bēgen_. + +bi, by, _prep._ by, along, in, KH. 5, 20, etc. OE. _be_. + +bicolwede, _see_ colwen. + +bidde, _v._ pray, beg; _infin._ bidde, bydde, KH. 1263; 1 _s. pres._ +bidde, Ass. 135 C, 143 Add.; bid, 170 C; 3 _s. pres._ biddeþ, F. & B. +588 C.; byddeþ, F. & B. 1081 T; 3 _s. pret._ bad, bed, KH. 85, 1272; +bad, badde, Ass. 90 C, 95 Add., 329, C; _pp._ ibede, F. & B. 579 C.; +ybede, 859 T. OE. _biddan_. + +bide, abide, _v._ (1) wait, (2) expect, (3) wait for, KH. 910, 1099, +1564. OE. _ābīdan_. + +bidene, by dene, _adv._ at once, F. & B. 60 T, Ass. 347 Add. + +bihelde, biholde, _v._ look on, behold, F. & B. 102 Cott., KH 639. OE. +_bihealdan_. + +biheue, _adj._ profitable, Ass. 676 Add. OE. _behēfe_. + +bihoten, _v._ promise; 3 _s. pret._ bihet, KH. 500. OE. _hātan_. + +biknewe, _pp._, _see_ knowe. + +bileue, _see_ leue. + +biliue, bliue, _adv._ quickly, KH. 350 L, 502 C, 771 C, 1042 C; blyue, +Ass. 776 Add. OE. _bī līfe_. + +bimene, _v._ bemoan, lament; _infin._, F. & B. 72 Cott.; 3 _s. pres._ +bemeneþ, F. & B. 957 T. OE. _bimǣnan_. + +binom, 3 _s. pret._ took away from, F. & B. 112 Cott.; _pp._ binomen, +benome, Ass. 271 A, 273 C. OE. _biniman_. + +birine, _see_ reyne. + +bisemen, _v._ befit, beseem; 3 _s. pres._ bisemeþ C, byseme L, bysemeþ +H, KH. 518. Icel. _sǣma_. + +bispac, _see_ speke. + +biswike, _see_ swike. + +bite, _infin._ bite, partake of as food, KH. 1211 L, H. OE. _bītan_. + +biteche, 1 _s. pres._ entrust, KH. 613 L, H. OE. _tǣcan_. + +bitide, _see_ tide. + +biþinne, _prep._ within, KH. 1122 C, 1387 C. + +bitwexe, _prep._ between, KH. 454 C. OE. _betweox_, _betwux_. + +biwente, _see_ wende. + +biwreien, _see_ wreien. + +Blancheflour, Blauncheflur, etc., _nom._ 18 T, 46 T, 22 V, 34 V; _dat._ +20 T, 22 T, 36 T, 58 T, 114 T, 122 T, 34, 46, 48, 64, 96, 102, 112 etc., +C. Fr. _Blanceflors_, _Blanceflor_. + +blenche, _infin._ overturn, KH. 1525 C L; ouerblenche, 1525 H. OE. +_blencan_. + +blesse, _infin._ bless, KH. 17 L H. OE. _bletsian_. + +blessing, _sb._ blessing, KH. 170 C. OE. _bletsung_. + +blethelyche, _adv._ blithely. OE. _blīðelīce_. + +ble[y]ne, _sb._ whale, KH. 727 L. OF. _baleine_. + +bliþe, blyþe, _adj._ blithe, KH. 1, 141, etc. + +blynne, _see_ linnen. + +bode, _dat. sing._ message, Ass. 146 C; _accus._ bodes, Ass. 126 Add. +OE. _bod_. + +bold, bald, baud, _adj._ bold; _sing._ KH. 96; _pl._ belde, bolde, KH. +640. OE. _beald_. + +bone, _sb._ prayer, boon, Ass. 522 H, 27 C, 329 C, 441 C. ON. _bōn_. + +boneyres, _adj._ devoted, good looking, debonair, KH. 968 L. OF. +_bonaire_. + +bord, _sb._ (ship) board; _dat. sing._ borde, KH. 119, 123. + +bord, _sb._ table, F. & B. 103 C, KH. 269, 1605. + +bote, _sb._ remedy, redress, F. & B. 821 C. OE. _bōt_. + +bote, KH. 1364 L; _v._ baddest, or scribal error. + +bote, _see_ bute. + +braide, breide, 3 _s. pret._ draw, brandish, F. & B. 289 T, 1014 T. OE. +_brægd_. + +breche, _dat. sing._ breeches, F. & B. 258 C. OE. _brēc_. + +breme, _adj._ valiant, spirited, famous, F. & B. 792 C, 1071 T. OE. +_brēme_. + +brenie, brunie, _sb._ coat of mail, KH. 627, 765, 897, 1310. OE. +_byrne_. + +bruken, _v._ use, enjoy; _imper._ 3 _sing._ bruc C, brouke L, brouc H, +KH. 220. OE. _brūcan_. + +brun, _sb._ beer (?); of a brun C, of þe broune L, H, KH. 1202. + +brymme, _sb._ edge, shore, KH. 204 C. + +buȝe, _v._ bow, writhe, twist, let fall (Mätzner); _infin._ buȝe C, +unbowe H, KH. 458. OE. _būgan_. + +bulmeþ, 3 _sing. pres._ boils, F. & B. 305 C. Probable error for welmeþ. +Cf. _ȝelle_. + +bur, _sb._ bower, women’s quarters, KH. 285. OE. _būr_. + +burdon, _sb._ staff, KH. 1141. OF. _burdoun_. + +burgeis, _sb._ burgess, citizen, F. & B. 115 C, 155 T, etc. Bugays, F. & +B. 207 T. OF. _burgeis_. + +burȝ, bureȝ, boruh, _sb._ castle, F. & B. 176, 181, 182 C.; boruh, F. & +B. 190 Cott. OE. _burg_, _burh_. + +burles, _sb._ tomb, sepulchre, F. & B. 63 Cott. OE. _byrgels_. + +bute, bote, but, _conj._ but, unless, KH. 26 L, 69, 207 C, 37 L, H, etc. +OE. _būtan_, except, unless. + +buxom, _adj._ flexible, obedient, Ass. 410 H. OE. _būhsum_. + +byȝete, _sb._ acquisition, F. & B. 202 T, and Cott. OE. _begietan_. + +bygone, _pp._ surrounded, F. & B. 371 T. OE. _bigān_. + +byne, (?), F. & B. 1010 T. + + +cacche, _v._ catch; _infin._ KH. 1307, 1465 H; 3 _pl. pret._ kaute, KH. +944 L.; _infin._ bikeche, KH. 328 L. OF. _cachier_. + +can, _v._ can, know; 3 _s. subj. pres._ cunne; conne, KH. 602 C, H; +_infin._ konne, KH. 598 L; 3 _pl. pret._ couþ, couth, F. & B. 33 T, +157 T. OE. _cann_. + +care, _sb._ care, sorrow, KH. 279. OE. _cearu_. + +catel, _sb._ property, capital, F. & B. 150 T, 988 T. OF. _catel_. + +kele, _infin._ cool, F. & B. 995 T. OE. _cēlan_. + +kelwe, _see_ colmie. + +ken, kenne, kunne, _sb._ race, people, KH. 156, 190, 1358. OE. _cynn_. + +kende, cunde, _sb._ birth, kind, Nature, KH. 451, 1479 C, L; F. & B. +677 C, 960 T. OE. _cynd_. + +kene, _adj._ keen, brave, KH. 42, 97, 178, 539, 1208, etc. OE. _cēn_. + +kepe, _v._ (1) keep, (2) guard, protect, KH. 800, 1288 C H, Ass. 49 +Add., 52 Add., 271 Add. OE. _cēpan_. + +kep, _sb._ heed, care, Ass. 72 C, 78 Add. + +kerue, _v._ carve, KH. 249. OE. _ceorfan_. + +Cesar, F. & B. 181 T. French version has _Cesar_, v. 494. + +chaere, _sb._ throne (?), KH. 1353. OF. _chaere_. + +ycharged, _pp._ loaded, F. & B. 343 T. OF. _charger_. + +chelde, kolde, kelde, _infin._ become cold, KH. 1230. OE. _cealdian_. + +chepinge, _sb._ market, fair, F. & B. 186, 188 Cott. OE. _cēapung_. + +chere, _sb._ mien, facial expression, KH. 1143, 1165 L. OF. _chere_. + +child, _sb._ (1) child, (2) youth, KH. 10, 13, 27, 99, etc. OE. _cild_. + +Claris, Clarice, Clariȝ, Clarys, F. & B. 895 T, 901 T, 905 T, 915 T, +931 T, etc.; C. 479, 485, 529, etc. French has Claris, 2125, 2131, 2115, +2339, etc. + +cleche, _infin._ reach (with nails), KH. 1027 H ; _pp._ ycliȝt, Ass. 719 +Add. + +clef, scribal blunder (?), _c_ + _lef_, KH. 161 L. + +clenchen, _infin._ make to clink, KH. 1596. + +clene, _adj._ pure, F. & B. 297 C. OE. _clǣne_. + +clepe, clepen, clepede, clupede, cleped, icluped, etc., _v._ call, KH. +239, 840 L; F. & B. 137 T, 287 T, 137 T, 837 T; 607 C, 140 C, etc.; Ass. +707 H, 847 Add., 73 C, 180 C, etc. OE. _cleopian_. + +clergie, _sb._ learned knowledge, F. & B. Cf. Hausknecht’s note. + +cleppe, clippe, cluppe, klippt, klepte, iclupt, etc., _v._ embrace, KH. +1297 H, 1450; F. & B. 549 C, 594 C, 614 C, 806 T, 512 C, etc. OE. +_clyppan_. + +ycliȝt, _see_ cleche. + +knaue, _sb._ boy, servant, KH. 1012 C, 1095 C; F. & B. 166 T. OE. +_cnafa_. + +knowe, _v._ (1) know, (2) recognize, KH. 1294; (3) beon biknowe of = +acknowledge (cf. Mätzner, KH. 983 Note; Lay. II. 355, III. 51; +Alisaunder 724, etc.); _pp._ was iknowe C, was by cnowe L, was biknowe +H, KH. 1059 = confessed. OE. _cnāwan_, _becnāwan_. + +knyhty, _v._ knight, KH. 488 H, 547, 682. + +colmie, kelwe, _adj._ sooty, KH. 1162, _see_ colwen. + +colwen, bicolwede, _v._ smear, blacken, KH. 1144, 1162. + +con, _v. auxil._ = did, KH. 817 H, 825 H, 938 H, 1470 H, 1549 H, 1632 H; +3 _s. pluperf._ couþe, 1634 H, _see_ gan. + +icore, _pp._ chosen, F. & B. 268 C. OE. _gecoren_. + +creyde, 3 _s. pret._ cried, KH. 1362 L. OF. _crier_. + +crois, _sb._ cross, KH. 1405 C H; croyȝ, KH. 1398 H. OF. _crois_. + +crowch, _sb._ cross, KH. 1398 L, 1405 L. Lat. _crucem_. + +crude, _infin._ press, crowd, KH 1385. OE. _crūdan_. + +crune, _sb._ skull, head, KH. 1607. ON. _kruna_. + +culuart, _adj._ false, faithless, F. & B. 210, 329 C. OF. _culvert_. + +cupe, _sb._ basket, F. & B. 435, 438, 452, 471 C, etc. OE. _cȳpe_, Lat. +_cūpa_. + +cuppe, cupe, coupe, _sb._ cup, KH. 250, 479; coupe, F. & B. 163 T, +181 T, 208 T, etc. OE. _cuppa_. + +Cutberd, Cuberd, Cubert, KH. 876, 833, 851 C, 882, 895, 912, 938, 948, +965 L, 981. OE. _Cūþbeorht_. + +cuþe, 1 _s. pret._ knew, Ass. 39 C; 3 _pl. pret._ couthe, Ass. 290 C. + +cuþe, cowþe, couþe, 3 _s. pret. subj._ could, KH. 371. + + +dales, _pl._ valleys, dales, KH. 168. OE. _dæl_. + +dar, _v._ dare, 3 _s. pres._ durþ, KH. 408 H; 3 _s. pret._ dorte, +dorste, F. & B. 167 C, 204 T; 3 _s. pret. subj._ þorte, F. & B. 216 C, +KH. 408 C. OE. _dearr_, _dorste_. + +Daris, Dares, Dayre, daye, Darys, doyres, Darie, F. & B. 561, 570, 599, +737, 816. French has _Daires_, _nom._ 1470, 1531, 1853, etc. _Dairon_, +_accus._ 1931. + +dawes, _pl._ days, KH. 999 L; _nom. sing._ day. OE. _pl._ _dagas_. + +ded, deed, _sb._ death, KH. 345 L.; _dat. sing._ deede, F. & B. 46 T. + +deie, deye, deȝe, _infin._, KH. 115. ON. _deyja_. + +del, _sb._ part, portion, deal, Ass. 212 C, 218 A, 261 A; _dell_, 225 C. +OE. _dǣl_. + +ideld, _p. pl._ separated, F. & B. 598 C. OE. _dǣlan_. + +demure, demere, _sb._ delay, F. & B. 591 C. and Cott. OF. _demeurer_. + +denie, _v._ din, rattle, KH. 628. OE. _dynian_. + +dent, dunt, _sb._ stroke, blow, KH. 164 C, 607, 647, 913, 920, 933, 946. +OE. _dynt_. + +deol, dole, _sb._ grief, KH. 1128, 1129. OF. _doel_, _duel_. + +dere, _adj._ dear, beloved, KH. 161 L, etc. OE. _dēore_. + +derie, dere, _infin._ injure, harm, KH. 840, F. & B. 378 T, Ass. 162 C. +OE. _derian_. + +derne, _adj._ secret, hidden, Ass. 856 Add. OE. _dierne_. + +deuise, 2 _s. pres. subj._ devise, KH. 253 L, H. OF. _deviser_. + +direwurþe, _adj._ precious, F. & B. 289 C. OE. _de͞orwyrðe_. + +don, dede, dude, _v._ (1) cause to, KH. 148, 284, 1069, Ass. 462 Add., +474 Add., etc. (2) put, KH. 360, 745, 1332 C; F. & B. 46 T, 200 T, +69 C.; Ass. 61 Add., etc. (3) _intens._ do, did, KH. 1003 (?), F. & B. +16 C, Ass. 17 Add., 80 C, etc. (cf. dede let wed, F. & B. 1065 T). OE. +_dōn_, _dyde_. + +dreden, 3 _pl. pret._ fear, dread, KH. 130; dradde C, adred L; _pp._ +adred H; 1 _sing. pres._ of drede. C L; adrede H, KH. 307. OE. _drǣdan_. + +dreȝe, adriȝe, _infin._ suffer, endure, KH. 1115. OE. _dre͞ogan_. + +dreme, _sb._ sound, F. & B. 37 C, 397 T. OE. _drēam_. + +drenche, _v._ drown; _infin._ adrenche, KH. 111 C H, 1526; to drenche, +KH. 1045 L; _pp._ adrent, KH. 1053 C; drenched, KH. 1054 L. OE. +_drencan_. + +dright, driȝte, _sb._ lord, Ass. 275 C, KH. 1406 C. OE. _drihten_. + +idriȝt, _pp._ troubled, Ass. 190 C. OE. _gedreccan_. + +drinke, _v._ drink; _infin._ adrinke, adrynke, drown, KH. 111 L, 1045 C +H. OE. _drincan_. + +druerie, drury, _sb._ love, F. & B. 382 C, 820 T. OF. _druerie_. + +dun, doun, down, _sb._ dune, hill, KH. 168. OE. _dūn_. + +dunt, _see_ dent. + +dureþ, 3 _sing. pres._ extendeth, F. & B. 173 C. OF. _durer_. + +durþ, _see_ dar. + +dute, _v._ fear, be afraid; _infin._ duti, F. & B. 4 C, 192 Cott.; 1 +_sing. pres._ dute, doute, KH. 362; 2 _pl. imper._ douȝt, dute, F. & B. +817 T, 531 C. OF. _douter_. + +dyȝcte, _infin._ arrange, KH. 904 L; _pp._ idiȝt, F. & B. 23, 260 C. OE. +_dihtan_. + + +ede, _see_ ȝede. + +Edmound, seynt, Ass. 893 Add. + +eidel, _sb._ anything, F. & B. 813 C. OE. _ǣnig dǣl_. + +eie, aye, _sb._ fear, F. & B. 791 T. OE. _ege_. + +eke, _adv._ also, KH. 17, 99, 1474, etc. OE. _e͞ac_. + +enchesone, _sb._ occasion, F. & B. 78 T. OF. _enchaisoun_. + +engynne, _sb._ device, scheme, artifice, F. & B. 313 T; engin, Ass. 755, +759 C. OF. _engin_. + +Enneas, F. & B. 177 T. French version _Eneas_, 489. + +entermeten, _infin._ meddle with, F. & B. 167 C. OF. _entremetre_. + +er, arre, her, or, _conj._ before, ere, KH. 136 H, 567 C; arre, 567 L. + +Ermenild, _see_ Reynild, KH. 979 H. Cf. Eormenhild, daughter of +Eorcenbriht, king of Kent, Leechdoms iii, index. + +erndinge, _sb._ result of undertaking. OE. _ǣrendung_. + +erne, _v._ run; _infin._ vrne, erne, KH. 936; 3 _s. pret._ arnde C, +rende L, ernde H, KH. 1314; _pp._ iorne C, hy ȝouren L, yorne H, KH. +1228. OE. _yrnan_. + +escheker, _sb._ chess board, F. & B. 344 C, etc. OF. _eschekier_. + +Estnesse, KH. 1018 L H, 1295 L. + +eþe, yþe, _adv._ easily, KH. 61, 891. OE. _e͞aðe_. + +eþelikeste, _superl._ most precious, F. & B. 274 C. OE. _æðel_. + +Eue, Ass. 461 Add. + +euene, eueneliche, _adv._ equally, symmetrically, KH. 100. + +euerich, _adj._ every, KH. 230. OE. _ǣfrǣlc_. + +eure ȝut, ever yet, KH. 842. + + +fable, _sb._ story, KH. 762 L. + +fader, _sb._ father; _gen. sing._ fader, C H; faderes L, KH. 116; fader, +1622 H. + +fairhede, fayrhede, feyrhade, _sb._ fairness, KH. 89. + +falle, _v._ fall; bifalle, biualle, happen, occur, become; _infin._, KH. +105, 186; _pp._ 450 C, L. + +fawe, fain, F. & B. 986 T. OE. _fægn_. + +fay, _sb._ faith, Ass. 576 C. OF. _fei_. + +fayne, _adj._ glad, F. & B. 97 T. OE. _fægn_. + +fayne, _adv._ gladly, F. & B. 286 T. + +fecche, fette, _infin._ fetch, Ass. 129 C, 137 Add.; 3 _pl. pret._ fett, +Ass. 456 C. OE. _fetian_. + +feere, _see_ fere. + +feire, _sb._ market, fair, F. & B. 179 C. OF. _feire_. + +felaurade, _sb._ company, KH. 180 H. ON. _fēlagi_. + +yfelde, 3 _pl. pret._ feel, KH. 58. OE. _gefēlan_. + +fele, vele, _adj._ many, KH. 60, 1425 C, 1464 H. OE. _fela_. + +felle, _v._ fell, slay; _infin._, KH. 66; 3 _pl. pret._ felde, KH. 58. + +felle, _sb._ skin, KH. 1015 L. OE. _fell_. + +felle, _adj. pl._ fierce, cruel, fell, KH. 1581 L, Ass. 574 C, 684 Add. +OE. _fel_. + +felun, _adj._ savage, cruel, F. & B. 210, 329 C. OF. _felon_, _felun_. + +fende, feond, _sb._ fiend, devil; _dat. sing._ KH. 1480 L, Ass. 164 C. +OE. _fēond_. + +feo, _dat. sing._ money, expense, F. & B. 25 C. OE. _feo(h)_. + +fer, _adj._ unharmed, sound, KH. 161 C, H; Ass. 67 C, 72 A. OE. _fēre_, +Icel. _færr_. + +veracle, _sb._ company, KH. 180 C. OE. _ferræden_. + +ferde, _sb._ host, army; _dat. sing._, Ass. 116 Add. OE. _ferd_, _fyrd_. + +ferde, 3 _s. pret._ went, KH. 663, 805, 1010. uerden, 3 _pl. pret._ +behaved, F. & B. 24 C. OE. _fēran_. + +fere, ifere, _sb._ companion, comrade; _sing. accus._ fere, Ass. 78 C, +84 Add., 78 Add.; ifere 46 C; _dat. sing._ ifere C, fere L, yfere H, KH. +1209; _plur._ feren, KH. 21, 53 H, 88, 108, 235 L, etc.; ifere C, yfere +L, KH. 235; ferene, Ass. 406 C. OE. _fēra_, _gefēra_. + +fere, feere, _sb._ companionship, F. & B. 5, 81, 280 T, etc. OE. +_gefēr_. + +ferli, ferlich, _sb._ miracle, wonder, F. & B. 456 C, Ass. 732 Add. OE. +_fǣrlīc_. + +ferli, ferly, _adj._ (1) fearful, (2) unexpected, sudden, (3) rare, +wonderful, Ass. 327, Add. 347 C. + +fett, _see_ fecche. + +Fikenhild, fykenyld, fykenild, fokenild, Fykenhild, Fekenyld, etc., KH. +28, 30, 731, 1336, 1493, 1509, 1513, 1516, 1543, 1554, 1567, 1589, 1613; +_gen._ 1554, 1607. + +fine, _infin._ end, KH. 274. OF. _finer_. + +fiþeleres, fyþelers, _sb._ fiddler; _nom. pl._ KH. 1592. OE. _fiðelere_. + +fle, _infin._ flay, KH. 1468 C. OE. _flēan_. + +fleme, _sb._ fugitive, exile, KH. 1363 C, L. OE. _flēma_. + +fleoten, flete, _v._ flow, float, swim; _infin._ flete, L; fleoten H, +KH. 165; flette 811 L; 3 _s. pret._ flet, KH. 203 H; 3 _pl. pret._ +fletten, 811 H; _pp._ bi flette, KH. 1504 C. OE. _flēotan_. + +flitte, flecte, flette, 2 _s. subj. pres._ leave, depart, KH. 757. ON. +_flytta_. + +Floris, Florys, Floreys, Florens, Floyres, Floriȝ, Florice, Floures, +Florisse, etc., F. & B. 40 T, 44 T, 49 T, 56 T, 65 T, etc. French +version has _Floires_, _Floire_. + +flotterede, 3 _sing. pret._ was tossed in the waves, KH. 135 H. + +flur, flour, _sb._ flower, KH. 15, F. & B. 780 T, 482 C, etc. + +flyten, _infin._ combat, KH. 903 H. OE. _flītan_. + +fode, foode, _sb._ food, child, KH. 1436, F. & B. 149 T. + +foȝel, foul, _sb._ bird, KH. 139, 1506; F. & B. 277 Cambr., etc. OE. +_fugol_. + +fole, _sb._ foal, horse, KH. 623. OE. _fōla_. + +follyche, KH. 98 L. (?). OE. _fūllīce_. + +fond, _pret. sing._ found, KH. 39. OE. _findan_. + +fonde, _v._ try, experience, prove; _infin._, KH. 163 C H, 782, 1634 H; +F. & B. 2 T, 55 T, 158, 399 C, etc.; 3 _sing. pret._ fonde, fondede, KH. +1634 C. OE. _fandian_. + +fonge, underfonge, _v._ receive, take; _infin._ fonge, KH. 345 C L, +163 L, 769; F. & B. 300, 395 C. etc.; vnderfonge, KH. 607 H, 255, 976 C, +etc. OE. _fōn_. + +forbere, _infin._ do without, dispense with, Ass. 60 C, 66 Add. OE. +_forberan_. + +forbod, forbode, _acc. sing._ forbiddal, prohibition, KH. 82. + +fordo, _pp._ destroyed, F. & B. 308 C. OE. _fordōn_. + +foreward, forewart, _sb._ agreement, pledge, KH. 482, 586 H; F. & B. +426 C. OE. _foreweard_. + +forȝolde, _pp._ paid for, F. & B. 388 T. OE. _forgieldan_. + +forgone, _pp._ distressed, Ass. 829 Add. + +forhele, 2 _sing. imper._ conceal, Ass. 192 Add. OE. _forhelan_. + +forleie, forlauȝt, _pp._ commit adultery, F. & B. 301 Cambr., 618 T. OE. +_forlicgan_. + +forlesen, _see_ lesen. + +forliued, _pp._ mislived, F. & B. 99 Cott. + +forloren, _see_ lesen. + +fort (for + to), until, F. & B. 66, 122 C.; fort he = for to þe. + +forþinkeþ, 3 _sing. pres., reflex._, repent, Ass. 538 Add., 813 Add. ON. +_fyrirþykkja_. + +forto, forte, _conj._ in order to, KH. 25. + +forto, _prep._ to, for to, KH. 166 L. + +fremde, fremede, _sb._ foreigner, stranger, KH. 68. OE. _fremede_. + +fremde, _adj._ strange, foreign, Ass. 181 C. OE. _fremede_, _fremde_. + +frume, atte, first, F. & B. 135, 179, 345 C. OE. _fruma_. + +ful, foul, foule, _adj._ foul, dirty, KH. 1143. OE. _fūl_. + +fulde, 3 _sing. pret._ filled, KH. 1202. OE. _fyllan_. + +funde, fonde, founde, _v._ go, KH. 109, 143, 780, 888, 942, 1372. OE. +_fundian_. + +fundlyng, fundyng, etc., _sb._ foundling, KH. 234 C H, 242 C, 450. + +furst, _sb._ space of time, respite, F. & B. 638 C. OE. _fyrst_. + +furthermost, foremost, F. & B. 1059 T. + +fus, _adj._ ready, F. & B. 368 C. OE. _fūs_. + +fyȝen, fissen, _infin._ fish, KH. 1216. OE. _fiscian_. + + +gabbe, joking, F. & B. 785 T. + +gabbest, 2 _sing. pres._ (1) ridicule, (2) deceive, (3) chatter, F. & B. +235 T. ON. _gabba_. + +gabbing, _nom. sing._, (1) deceit, (2) babble, F. & B. 236, T and Cott. + +galeie, _sb._ galley, KH. 199, 1084 C, 1086 H. OF. _galee_. + +game, _sb._ joy, pleasure, KH. 211. OE. _gamen_, _gomen_. + +gan, _v. auxil._ did; gan, gon, KH. 257, 268, 312 C, 318 C, etc.; +_plur._ gunne, gonne, gunnen, gonnen, KH. 55, 65, 193, 675, 1090, etc.; +_imper._ gyn, KH. 329 H, 396 H; bigyn, KH. 329 L; bigan, began, did, KH. +127, 146 L, 203 C, 1271 H; con, did, KH. 372 H, 817 H, 825 H, 938 H, +1049 H, 1470 H, 1632 H, etc.; _pluperf._ couþe, KH. 1634 H. + +ȝare, _adv._ quickly, KH. 497 C, 960 C, 1453 L. OE. _gearu_. + +garysone, garisone, _sb._ treasure, F. & B. 206, T and Cott. OE. +_gersum_, _gersuma_. OF. _garison_. Cf. _gersume_. + +ȝede, yede, eode, _v. pret._ went; 3 _sing._ ȝede C, eode H, KH. 621, +622; yede Ass. 636 H; 3 _pl._ yede L, ede H, KH. 117; ȝede C, yede L, +eoden H, KH. 167, 621; yede Ass. 634 H, ȝede Ass. 843 Add., ȝeden Ass. +849 Add., F. & B. 444 C. + +gegges, _sb._ frivolous women (?), F. & B. 439 C. + +ȝelde, yelde, _v._ (1) yield, (2) pay for; _infin._, KH. 514 C H, Ass. +249 C, 255 Add.; _pp._ iȝolde C, yolde L, ȝolde H, KH. 681; iȝolde C, +hyȝolde L, yȝolde H, KH. 490; F. & B. 161 T, 809 C; 2 _sing. subj._ or +_imper._ ȝeld, pay for, KH. 1066. OE. _gieldan_. + +ȝelle = welle (?), F. & B. 621 T. + +ȝem, 2 _sing. imper._ protect, care for. OE. _gīeman_. + +ȝeme, _sb._ care, F. & B. 38 C. + +ȝen, against; aȝeyn KH. 60, aȝenes C, ayenes L, aȝeyn H, KH. 82. OE. +_gegn_, _gēn_. + +ȝend, gonde, _prep._ throughout, KH. 1078; _adv._ yonder, far away; +ȝent, KH. 1261 H; gonde, beyond, F. & B. 210 C. OE. _geond_. + +geng, _dat. sing._ company, Ass. 220 C. OE. _genge_. + +gent, _adj._ noble, F. & B. 47 Cott. OF. _gent_. + +ȝere, yere, _sb._ year; _pl._ ȝere C, yere L, KH. 102. OE. _ge͞ar_. + +ȝerne, _v._ desire, ask for; 1 _sing. pres._ ȝerne C H, herne L, KH. +985; _infin._ KH. 1495 L, 1517 C. OE. _geornian_. + +ȝerne, _adj._ willing, desirous, eager, KH. 1165 C, 1472 H, etc. OE. +_georn_. + +ȝerne, _adv._ eagerly, F. & B. 127, 375, 588 C. OE. _georne_. + +(þureȝ) gersume, reward, F. & B. 405, 419, 773 C. Cf. _garisone_. + +gesninge, gestinge, iustinge, _sb._ entertainment, F. & B. 82, 125, +164 C., 175 Cott. + +gesse, _infin._ guess (?), agesse C, agesce L, gesse H, KH. 1267. + +ȝeuen, _v._ give, KH. 170, 172, etc. OE. _giefan_, _gifan_. + +gigours, _nom. plur._ violin players, KH. 1592 C. OF. _gigueour_. + +ginne, gynne, _sb._? (1) contrivance, scheme. (2) tool, penis, KH. +1574 C H; F. & B. 131, 195, 206, 258 C., etc.; F. & B. 1032, 1048 T. ON. +_ginna_, Lat. _ingenium_. + +ginnur, _sb._ engineer, workman, F. & B. 324 C. + +gle, glewe, _sb._ song, joy, KH. 1352 C H; Ass. 483 Add. OE. _glēoẉ_, +_glīw_. + +glede, _sb._ coal, KH. 532 L H. OE. _glēd_. + +gleowinge, glewinge, gleynge, _sb._ play, KH. 1588. + +glide, _infin._ (1) glide, (2) slip away, KH. 146 L, 1127. OE. _glīdan_. + +gloue, glouen, _acc. plur._ gloves, KH. 848. OE. _glōfa_. + +Godhild, Godild, Godyld, Godylt, KH. 7, 72, 75, 158, 159, 1458. + +Godmod, Horn’s assumed name, KH. 821, 833, 879, 883, 895, 911, 925, 949, +952, 965, 987. + +ȝonge, ȝynge, _adj._ young, KH. 137, etc. OE. _geong_. + +ȝore, _adv._ long ago, F. & B. 174 C. OE. _gēara_. + +grace, _sb._ virtue, power, KH. 605. OF. _grace_. + +grame, _sb._ anger, wrath, F. & B. 712 C.; Ass. 515 H, Ass. 738 Add. OE. +_grama_. + +igraue, hygraue, ygraued, _pp._ scratched, engraved, KH. 599. OF. +_grafan_. + +grede, _v._ cry out; _infin._ F. & B. 454 C.; 3 _sing. pret._ gredde, +KH. 1282 H. OE. _grædan_. + +greding, _sb._ clamour, lamentation, Ass. 213 Add. + +greithe, greþi, _infin._ prepare, make ready, Ass. 120 C, 128 Add. ON. +_greiða_. + +grete, _infin._ weep, KH. 957 C L. OE. _grētan_. + +gripe, _infin._ grip, seize, KH. 55. OE. _grīpan_. + +grisen, _v._ feel horror; _infin._ agrise C L; agryse H, KH. 925; 3 +_sing. pret._ gros C, agros L, H, KH. 1410. OE. _āgrīsan_. + +grom, _sb._ boy; _nom. sing._ grom, KH. 1035 L H; _nom. pl._ grome, KH. +175, F. & B. 111 T. ON. _gromr_. + +grunde, grounde, _sb._; _dat. sing._ ground, bottom, KH. 110, 144, 352, +1242. + +gume, _sb._ man; _nom. sing._ gume, F. & B. 261 C.; _nom. plur._ gomes, +KH. 24, gumes C, gomen H; grome L, KH. 175. OE. _guma_. + + +halke, _dat. sing._ corner, KH. 1167 C L. OE. _healoc_. + +Harild, Alrid, Ayld, Aþyld, KH. 815, 877, 878. + +harwed, 1 _sing. pret._ harrowed, Ass. 463 Add. OE. _hergian_. + +hatere, _sb._ garments, Ass. 149 C. OE. _hæteru_. + +hatte, 3 _sing. pret._ became hot, KH. 646 C. OE. _hǣtan_. + +heele, 1 _sing. pres._ conceal, F. & B. 820 T, 533 C. OE. _helan_. + +heete, 3 _sing. pret._ was named, F. & B. 1004 T. Cf. _hoten_. + +helde, _v._, _see_ holde. + +helde, _sb._ faith, allegiance, F. & B. 397 C. OE. _hyldo_. + +heleþ, 3 _sing. imper._ conceal, Ass. 188 C, _see_ heele. + +hende, _adj._ (1) prompt, gracious, alert, KH. 391, 1197, 1345, etc., F. +& B. 156 T, etc.; (2) near, ready, KH. 1217 H. OE. _(ȝe)hende_. + +henne, hanne, hennes, _adv._ hence, KH. 50, 337, 341 C. + +hente, _v._ grasp, receive, get; _infin._ KH. 1032 H; 1 _pl. pret._ KH. +919 L; _pp._ hent, Ass. 453 C. + +hepe, _dat. sing._ throng, crowd, F. & B. 466 C. OE. _hēap_. + +her, _see_ er. + +here, _poss. pron._ their; _nom. sing._, KH. 9, etc. + +heren, _v._ hire; 3 _sing. pret._ hurede C, herde L, herde L H, KH. 806. +OE. _hȳrian_. + +heste, _dat. sing._ command, hest, F. & B. 610 C. Cf. Skeat. + +het, 3 _sing. pret._ bade, F. & B. 608, 619 C. OE. _hātan_. + +heynde, _sb._ hind (?), KH. 686 L. OE. _hind_. + +hiȝe, _v._ hasten, hie; 3 _sing. pret._ KH. 1042 C. OE. _higian_. + +hiȝhede, _sb._ height, F. & B. 327 C. + +hitten, _v._ hit, strike; 1 _sing. pres._ anhitte C; _infin._ hette L, +KH. 758. ON. _hitta_. + +hol, _adj._ safe, KH. 161 C H etc. OE. _hāl_. + +holde, helde, _v._ hold, KH. 323, 482. OE. _healdan_. + +holde, _adj._, _accus. pl._ faithful, KH. 1339 L H. OE. _hold_. + +holt, _adj._ lame, halt, Ass. 516 H. OE. _healt_, _halt_. + +hondhabbing, having in the hand, in the act, _en flagrant delit_, F. & +B. 668 C. OE. _hondhæbbende_. + +Horn, 9, 74, 121, 128, 135, 184, etc.; horn child 121 L, 128 C, 173, +etc.; Horns 123 L; horn þe ȝynge 137 H; Hor 185 L, 397 L, 459 L, 558 L. + +hoten, _v._ be called; 1 _sing. pres._ hote, KH. 821; 3 _sing. pret._ +het C, hihte H, KH. 9, 27 C; _pp._ ihote C, hote L, yhote H, KH. 215, +1125 C. OE. _hātan_. + +houe, 2 _sing. pret._ raised, KH. 1359 C H; ȝoue L. OE. _hebban_. + +hurne, _dat. sing._ corner, KH. 1471 H. OE. _hyrne_. + +hynde, _adj._ kind (?), F. & B. 355 T. + + +I--, I lome, etc., _see_ lome, etc. + +Ierusalem, Ass. 475 C, 594 Add. + +Iewes, Iewis, Iewys, _nom. sing._ Iewe, Ass. 620 Add., 564 H, Iew 674 +Add.; _dat. sing._ Iewe, Ass. 530 H, Iew, Ass. 620 Add.; _gen. sing._ +Iewis, Ass. 553 H, etc. + +Ihesu, Ass. 51 Add., 324 C, 388 Add., Ihesus 481 C, Iesus 486 C; _gen._ +Ihesus 624 Add., Crist 76 C, Ihesu crist 248 T, etc. + +ilk, ylk, _adj._ same; _dat. sing._ ilke, KH. 948 C, ylke F. & B. 78 T, +vlke C, hulke L, KH. 1285, etc. OE. _ilca_. + +ynde, India, Ass. 611 C, 775 Add., 807 Add. + +Iogelours L, iogelers H; _nom. pl._ jugglers, KH. 1592. OF. _jongleor_. + +Iohan, Ion, Ass. 14 C, 15 Add., 49 C, 52 Add., 55 Add., 77 C, 224 C, 228 +Add., etc.; _nom. sing._ seynt Ione, 820 Add. + +Iosaphath, Iosephas, Iosephat, Ass. 472 C, 581 C, 754 Add. + +Irisse, yrisse, yrisshe, Hyrische, KH. 1080, 1302 L, 1382, 1464. + +Irlond, hirelonde, yrlonde, KH. 810 L, 1078 C, 1633 C H. + + +lacchen, _v._ catch, take; _infin._ lacchen, KH. 686 L, lache KH. 702 L; +3 _sing. pret._ laȝte C, laucte L, lahte H, KH. 259; 3 _pl. pret._ +laucte, KH. 943 L, by laucte 705 L; 3 _pl. pret._ of laucte, 943 L. OE. +_(ȝe)læccan_. + +laȝe, lawe, _sb._ (1) law, (2) religion, (3) custom, KH. 69 C H, 1190. +OE. _lagu_. + +largeliche, _adv._ liberally, F. & B. 71 C. OF. _large_. + +laste, leste, _v._ last, endure, KH. 6, 433 L, etc. OE. _lǣstan_. + +lay, ley, _sb._ law, religion, KH. 69 L, 1642 H, Ass. 686 Add. OF. +_lei_. + +lef, leue, leof, luef, _adj._ dear, KH. 126 L, 342, 695, 754, 1013, +1457, etc.; F. & B. 151 C., 321 C., etc.; Ass. 40 C, 167 C, 42 Add., 173 +Add., etc. OE. _lēof_. + +lef, leue, leof, lyfe, _sb._ dear one, darling, F. & B. 108 T, 89, 103 +Cott., 312 T, 831 T, 542 C. OE. _lēof_. + +leue, _v._ believe, F. & B. 325 T. OE. _lēfan_, _lȳfan_. + +bileue, _v._ remain; _infin._ KH. 381, F. & B. 103 Cott., 51 C.; 3 +_sing. pret._ bilefte, Ass. 57 T, bileft 63 Add., 151 Add.; 3 _pl. +pret._ bileft, Ass. 759 Add., etc. OE. _belǣfan_. + +leiȝe, leyhe, _v._ laugh; _infin._ leyhe L (lyþe H?), KH. 372; 3 _sing. +pret._ lowe L, loh KH. 373, louȝe C, lowe L H, KH, 1600; 3 _plur. pret._ +lowȝ, F. & B. 1053 T, 776 C. OE. _hlehhan_. + +leme, _sb._ light, brightness, F. & B. 198 C, Ass. 607 H. OE. _lēoma_. + +lemman, leman, _sb._ dear one, leman, KH. 463, 589, 721. OE. _le͞ofmon_. + +lene, _v._ lend, KH. 491. OE. _lǣnan_. + +leng, _compar._ longer, KH. 1183 etc. OE. _leng_. + +lep, lepe, _sb._ basket, F. & B. 465 C., 738, 740, 741 T, 753 T, 758 T. +OE. _le͞ap_. + +lere, _sb._ cheek, F. & B. 501 C. OE _hlēor_. + +lere, _v._ teach, KH. 257, F. & B. 148 C, Ass. 896 Add. OE. _lǣran_. + +lese, leose, forlese, _v._ lose; _infin._ leose C. forlese L, forleose +H, KH. 707; _pp._ forloren, KH. 511 C. OE. _forle͞osan_. + +leste, luste, _v._ listen, KH. 355, 505, 1355 C. OE. _hlystan_. + +leste, luste, _v._ desire, hanker, lust, KH. 426, 433, 918, 1298. OE. +_lystan_. + +lesing, lesyng, _sb._ falsehood, F. & B. 84 T, 233 T, 585 C. OE. +_le͞asung_. + +lete, late, _v._ let, permit, leave, lose, KH. 1124 C, 1330 L; belete, +leave behind, F. & B. 201 T, 1593; forlete, desert, KH. 232, F. & B. 201 +Cott. OE. _lǣtan_. + +let, lette, _v._ hinder, retard, impede, KH. 100, F. & B. 333 T, 25 C. +OE. _lettan_. + +yliche, iliche, _sb._ like, equal, KH. 20, 305, 331, etc. OE. _gelīca_. + +licte, lyhte, _v._ alight, KH. 51 etc; 3 _sing. pret._ aliȝte, KH. 51 C. +OE. _lihtan_. + +linne, lynne, blynne, _v._ cease, KH. 329, 372, 1068. OE. _linnan_. + +list, _sb._ art, KH. 251, 1577. OE. _list_. + +lite, lyte, _adj._, _adv._ little, KH. 1004, 678 L, 1211 C. ON. _lītt_. + +liþe, lyþe, _v._ listen, KH. 2, 354, 372 H, 436 L. ON. _hlȳða_. + +lodlike, _adj._ loathsome, hateful, KH. 1415 L. + +lofte, _sb._ loft, upstairs, women’s apartments, KH. 974 C. OE. _loft_. +ON. _lopt_. The peculiar turn of meaning is Scandinavian. + +loke, loky, _v._ watch, guard, KH. 800, 1180, 1181 L H, 1419 L H, Ass. +47 C. OE. _lōcian_. + +loking, lokyng, _sb._ care, watch, KH. 360. + +ilome, _adv._ frequently, F. & B. 96 Cott. OE. _gelōme_. + +londiss, _adj._ native, KH. 671. Cf. vnlondisshe, KH. 672 H. OE. +_lendisc_. + +longest, 3 _sing. pres._ belongest, KH. 1406 C. OE. _longian_. + +lore, _sb._ teaching, bidding, KH. 472. OE. _lār_. + +loþe, _adj._ hateful, KH. 1140, 1283. OE. _lāð_. + +Lumbardy, F. & B. 179 T. French version has (En)Lombardie 49. + +lure, _v._ (1) lour, look sullen (?), (2) lie in wait, set trap (?), KH. +286, 1312. + +luste, _impers._ be pleasing, F. & B. 378 C. + +lut, _sb._ little, KH. 658 H. OE. _lȳt_. + +luþere, _adj._ evil, bad; _nom. plur._, KH. 530 C. OE. _lȳðer_. Cf. _of +þan luþer folke_ (= accursed), Lay. 29576 B. + +lyst, _sb._ desire, pleasure, Ass. 2 Add. OE. _lyst_. + + +maine, meyne, meigne, _sb._ household, Ass. 110 C, 417, 475, 569, 573 +Add.; F. & B. 782 C, 1059 T. OF. _maisnee_. + +maister, _sb._ leader, KH. 659; maister-king, KH. 659 L, 680. OF. +_maistre_. + +make, _sb._ wife, spouse, KH. 1523, F. & B. 78 Cott., 303 T. OE. +_gemaca_. + +make, _v._ pretend to be, F. & B. 76 T. + +male, _sb._ bag, pouch, F. & B. 689 T. OF. _male_. + +manrede, _sb._ homage, F. & B. 395 C. OE. _manrǣden_. + +Marie, Marye, _gen._ Maries, Ass. 29 C, 31 Add., 239 C, 241 Add., 253 C, +498 H, 500 H, 546 C, etc.; seynt Marye, F. & B. 248 T; seynte-marie, F. +& B. 49 V. + +may, _sb._ may, maid, KH. 329, 979 H, 1019 H, 1516 H; F. & B. 201 T, +393 T, 46, 102 C., etc.; Ass. 4 C, etc. OE. _mǣg_. + +me, _indef. pron._ one, KH. 1008 C H, 1126 C; F. & B. 671, 672, 699 C., +etc. OE. _man(n)_. + +mede, _sb._ mead, meadow, F. & B. 434 C. OE. _mǣd_. + +mede, _sb._ reward, KH. 288 L, 500, 1498 L, Ass. 638 Add. OE. _mēd_. + +meene, _v._ mourn, lament, 1 _sing. pres._ F. & B. 273 T. OE. +_(bi)mǣnan_. + +meigne, meyne, _see_ maine. + +meniuer, _sb._ a kind of fur, F. & B. 110 C. Cf. Hausknecht’s Note. Lat. +_minutus varius_. + +menske, _sb._ honour, F. & B. 56 T. OE. _menniscu_, humanity; Icel. +_menska_, honour. + +mesauenture, _sb._ ill luck, KH. 344 C L. OF. _aventure_. + +mest, _superl. adj._ most, KH. 26. + +mester, mystere, _sb._ (1) office, trade, (2) need, necessity, KH. 243, +581. OF. _mestier_. + +mete, _v._ meet, encounter, 3 _plur. pret._ metten. KH. 169. OE. +_mētan_. + +ymete, _adj._ fit, reasonable, KH. 1401 L. OE. _gemǣte_. + +mete, _v._ dream, KH. 1522. OE. _mǣtan_. + +meting, metyng, _sb._ dream, KH. 699. OE. _mǣtan_. + +mid, _prep._ with, KH. 22 L, 25 L, etc. OE. _mid_. + +middelerd, _sb._ earth, world, F. & B. 272 C. OE. _middangeard_. + +misliken, _v._ misplease, KH. 455. OE. _mislīcian_. + +mod, _sb._ mood, mind, KH. 297, 1579 C H. OE. _mōd_. + +modi, mody, _adj._ full of passion, angry, KH. 748. OE. _mōdiȝ_. + +Modi, Mody, KH. 1023, 1094, 1121 L, 1331 L, 1626. + +molde, _sb._ earth, KH. 335, F. & B. 343 T. OE. _molde_. + +mone, ymone, _sb._ companion, KH. 560, 840 C L. OE. _gemāna_. + +mone, _sb._ companionship, communion, participation, KH. 890 L, 1149 C. + +mote, moste, _v._ may, might, was to; mote, KH. 197, 218 C, 829; moste, +KH. 67 C, 186; munthe (?), KH. 1508 L. + +Mountargis, F. & B. 66 T. French version, Montoire, 174, 316, etc. + +murne, _adj._ troubled, KH. 748. OE. _(un)murne_. + +Murry, Murri, morye, moye, moy, Mory, mury, KH. 4, 33, 73, 921, 1431. +Cf. Maurius (Maurus), son of Aruiragus, Lay. 9895 ff. He defeats the +invading Picts, and sets up a stone with runes to commemorate the +victory. + + +nabod (ne + abod). + +neb, nebbe, _sb._ face, F. & B. 615 C, 890 T. OE. _nebb_. + +nime, _v._ take; _infin._ nyme, Ass. 121 C; 2 _sing. subjunct._ or +_imper._ nym, KH. 1205 L; 1 _sing. pres._ nime, KH. 713 L; 3 _sing. +pret._ nam, nom, KH. 619, 1269, Ass. 33 C, 35, 59 Add., etc.; 3 _pl. +pret._ neme C, nomen L H, KH. 64; _pp._ ynome, Ass. 6 C; vndernome, F. & +B. 128 T, 189 T, 219 T, 227 T, 920 T, etc.; nam = went, Ass. 53 C. Cf. +vndernom. OE. _niman_. + +niþing, _sb._ wretch, villain, evil man, KH. 210. OE. _nīðing_. + +noȝ, enough, KH. 196; inoȝe C, hy nowe L, ynowe H. OE. _genōh_. + +nonskyns, _adj._ of no kind, F. & B. 226 T. OE. _nānes cynnes_. + +noþing, _adv._ not at all, KH. 290 C. + +Nubil, F. & B. 665 C. French, (de) Nubie, 2492. + + +O, _prep._ until, KH. 134 H. OE. _oð_. + +of drede, _see_ dreden. + +of reche, _see_ reche. + +on, _prep._ on, in; on mi lokyng, KH. 360 C; on kneuling, KH. 503 L. + +onde, _sb._ envy, Ass. 424 C. OE. _anda_, _onda_. + +one, _sb._ alone, solitary; hou one KH. 364 L, is one 559 L, go one +559 C, al one C, alon L, ys one H 650. Cf. Bradley-Stratmann. + +oppe, _prep._ upon, KH. 466, 480 L. + +or, _see_ er, or oþer. + +ord, _sb._ point, beginning; _dat. sing._ orde C H, horde L, KH. 662; +_dat. sing._ ord H, hord L, KH. 1475; _accus. sing._, F. & B. 48 C. OE. +_ord_. + +ore, _sb._ favour, grace, KH. 695, 1629 C, F. & B. 173 C. OE. _ār_. + +orfreys, _sb._ orfrey, gold fringe, F. & B. 371 T. OE. _orfreis_. + +Orgas, F. & B. 101 T. French, _Li dus Joras_, 357. + +oþer, _num._ second, KH. 201. OE. _ōðer_. + +oþer, _conj._ or, KH. 44. OE. _oððe_. + +oþer, _pr._ other, KH. 28. OE. _ōðer_. + +otter (buterfliȝe C), _sb._ butterfly (?), F. & B. 772 T. + +oueral, _adv._ everywhere, KH. 262 H. Cf. Germ. _überall_. + +out londisse, _adj._ foreign, KH. 635 L. + +ower, _gen. plur._ your, F. & B. 534 C. OE. _e͞ower_. + + +paene, _adj._ pagan, KH. 159 C. + +payn, peynim, payen, pain, paynim, paen, etc., _sb._ paien, pagan, +heathen, KH. 45, 63, 82, 87, 193, 935, 948, 950, 1412, etc. + +paynime, _sb._ heathen land, KH. 859. + +page, _sb._ boy, servant, KH. 1012 L H, 1379 H. OF. _page_. + +pal, palle, _sb._ costly sort of cloth, F. & B. 822 T, and Cott.; Ass. +631 H, 795 Add. OE. _pæll_, OF. _pal_. + +parage, _sb._ high birth, F. & B. 256, 269 C., etc. OF. _parage_. + +paramur, _adv._ passionately, F. & B. 486 C., etc. + +Paryse, _nom. sing._, F. & B. 168 T. Fr. _Paris_, 449, etc. + +pel, pelle, _sb._ skin, KH. 421, 1582 L. OF. _pel_. + +pelte, pulte, pylte, 3 _sing. pret._ pushed, KH. 1529. + +pilegrim C, pylegrim L, pelryne H, KH. 1236 pilgrim. OF. _pelegrin_. + +Petir, Petyr, Peter, Petre, Ass. 317, 327, 580, 581, 638, 639, 673 Add., +464, 470, 529 C, 499, 563 H, etc. + +ipight, _pp._ placed, F. & B. 117, 183 C. + +pine, pyne, _v._ pain; _infin._ KH. 726 C; 1 _sing. pres._, KH. 1280 L; +_pp._ pined C, pyned H, KH. 1280. OE. _pīnian_. + +pyne, _sb._ pain, torture, KH. 277 C H, Ass. 426, 458 Add. OE. _pīn_. + +plawe, _sb._ sport, fight, KH. 1170 H. Cf. Bradley-Stratmann, _plaȝe_. + +pleie, pleye, _v._ play, KH. 25, 200, 363. OE. _plegian_. + +pleing C, pleyhunge L, pleyȝyng H, KH. 34, playing. + +plener, plenere, _adj._ full, F. & B. 179 C., 188 Cott. OF. _plenier_. + +pliȝte, _v._ plight; _infin._ pliȝte, plyȝte, plyhte, KH. 321; 2 _sing. +imper._ plist, plyct, plyht, KH. 440; 1 _sing. pres. indic._ pliȝte C, +plicte L, plyhte H, KH. 716; _pp._ ipliȝt, F. & B. 141 C. OE. _plihtan_. + +pomel, _sb._ pommel, F. & B. 209, 213 Cott. OF. _pomel_. + +porter, _sb._ doorkeeper, F. & B. 329 C. OF. _portier_. + +posse, _v._ push; _infin._ KH. 1087 C; 3 _sing. pret._ puste, KH. +1153 H; pugde 1156 L. OF. _pousser_. + +poure, pure, _infin._ pore, look, KH. 1172 C L. + +prede, _sb._ pride, KH. 1497 L. OE. _prȳta_. + +prime, _sb._ first quarter of the day, name of one of the offices of the +Church, after ‘lauds,’ KH. 1040; _at prime tide_, KH. 905. + +pris, prys, _sb._ value, worth, KH. 968 C, F. & B. 310, 350, 750 C., +1028 T. OF. _pris_. + +pruesse, _sb._ brave deed, prowess, KH. 588. OF. _proesse_. + +pugde, _see_ posse. + + +quantyse, _sb._ cleverness, F. & B. 543 T. + +qued, _sb._ bad, Ass. 174 C, 197, 465 Add. etc. OE. _cwēd_. + +quelle, _v._ kill; _infin._ KH. 65, 656 C; 2 _sing. imper._ quel, F. & +B. 1008 T, aquel 725 C.; 3 _sing. pret._ quelde, F. & B. 904 T, aquelde +KH. 929 L H, aquelde H, quelde C, KH. 1064. OE. _cwellan_. + +queme, _v._ please, KH. 517. OE. _cwēman_. + +queme, _adj._ pleasing, KH. 501 L. OE. _(ge)cwēme_. + +queþe, _v._ say; 3 _sing. pret._ quaþe, quoþ H, KH. 137, etc. OE. +_cweðan_. + +quic, quike, _adj._ alive, KH. 92 C, 1468 C, 1478 H. OE. _cwic_. + +quite, aquite, _pp._ through with, quit of, F. & B. 171, 724 C., 180 +Cott. OF. _aquiter_. + +qware, where, KH. 735 L. + + +rake, _infin._ hasten, KH. 1126 L, 1158 L. OE. _rācian_. + +rape, _sb._ haste, KH. 586 C, 1532 C. + +rathe, _adv._ soon, quickly, KH. 1407 L, F. & B. 24 T, 193 T, etc. OE. +_hræð_. + +recche, rekke, _v._ reck, care for; 3 _sing. pres._ recche C, reche L, +yrecche H, KH. 370; 3 _sing. subj._ arecche, KH. 710 H; 1 _sing. pres._ +rekke, F. & B. 96 T. OE. _reccan_. + +reche, areche, ofreche, þorhreche, _v._ reach; _infin._ areche, KH. +1308 C; of reche, gain, KH. 1375 C L; þorhreche, traverse, KH. 1375 H; +_pp._ araȝt, F. & B. 687 C, rauȝt F. & B. 974 T. OE. _rǣcan_. + +rede, reed, reede, _sb._ counsel, opinion, F. & B. 45 T, 50 T, 53 T, +314 T, Ass. 294, 298 Add., etc. OE. _rǣd_. + +rede, _v._ (1) read, (2) counsel, advise; _infin._ KH. 308, 511 L, 881, +966 L, F. & B. 21 T, 148, 151 C.; 1 _sing. pres._ KH. 966 C, F. & B. +75 T; _pp._ rad, Ass. 891 Add., irad F. & B. 578 C., yredde 858 T. OE. +_rǣdan_. + +rein, _sb._ rain, KH. 11. + +reme, _sb._ coast (?), OE. _rima_; or realm (?), OF. _reaume_, KH. +1625 H (reaume 1623 L). + +rende, _see_ erne. + +rende, _v._ rend, tear; 3 _sing. pret._ rente C H, to rente L, KH. 775. + +rente, _sb._ pay, wages, KH. 984 C L. OF. _rente_. + +reue, _sb._ reeve, guard, KH. 1418. OE. _(ge)rēfa_. + +reue, reyue, _infin._ rob, plunder, F. & B. 209 C., Ass. 168 Add. OE. +_re͞afian_. + +rewe, _infin._ rue, repent, KH. 398. OE. _hrēowan_. + +rewlich, _adj._ sad, KH. 1129. OE. _hre͞owlīc_. + +reyne, ryne, birine, _infin._ rain, KH. 11. + +Reynes C, reny L, Raynis H, KH. 1023. + +Reynild, Hermenyl, hermenylde, ermenyld, KH. 973, 1636. ON. _Ragnhilda_, +OE. Eormenhild, daughter of Eorcenbriht, king of Kent. + +riche, _sb._ kingdom, KH. 20. OE. _rīce_. + +rigge, _sb._ back, KH. 1138. OE. _hrycg_. + +rime, ryme, _sb._ rime, speech, KH. 860, 1461. + +rive, _adj._ abundant, F. & B. 73 Cott. OE. _rīf_. + +riuen, ariuen, _v._ arrive, land; _infin._ ariue C, aryue H, KH. 193; +_pp._ riued, KH. 162 L, 193 L, ariued, aryued, KH. 40, 162. + +riȝte, _adv._ direct, at once, KH. 1428 C. + +roche, _sb._ rock, KH. 79. + +rode, _sb._ cross, rood, KH. 346, Ass. 12, 19 C, 44 C, 46 Add., 270 C, +etc. OE. _rōd_. + +roþer, _sb._ rudder, KH. 202. OE. _rōðer_. + +roune, rowne, _sb._ counsel, KH. 1378. OE. _rūn_. + +runde, rounde, 3 _sing. pret._ whispered, F. & B. 716 C., 999 T. OE. +_rūnian_. + +Rymenhild, rimenild, rymenyld, reymnyld, rymenild, reymild, reymyld, +Rymyld, rimenyld, etc., KH. 264, 293, 393, 472, 600, 652, 691, 738, 741, +1510, etc. Rimhild, OE. _nomen mulieris_. + +ryue, _sb._ shore, KH. 142. + + +sake, _v._ contend, fight; 3 _pl. pret._ asoke C, forsoken L H, KH. 69, +gave up. OE. _sacan_. + +sale, _sb._ hall, KH. 1187 C H. OE. _sal_. + +salyley, scribal error (?), KH. 199 L. + +Sarazin, sarazyn, KH. 42, 636, 645, 671, 1415, 1477 H, 1479. + +scene, schene, _adj._ beautiful, KH. 97 L, 178 L, F. & B. 263 C. OE. +_scēne_. + +schauntillun, _sb._ model, F. & B. 325 C. + +schenche, _v._ give, serve, dispense; _infin._ schenche, shenche, KH. +1186; 2 _sing. subjunct._ or _imper._ shenh, KH. 1199 H. OE. _scencan_. + +schende, _v._ (1) scold, (2) injure; _infin._ KH. 747 L, 724; 3 _sing. +pret._ schente, schende, shende, KH. 340. OE. _scendan_. + +schete, _v._ shoot, KH. 1011. OE. _sce͞otan_. + +schillen, _v._ sound; 3 _sing. pres._ shilleþ, KH. 224 L. OE. _scillan_. + +schonde, _sb._ harm, disgrace, KH. 746, 760 C, F. & B. 942 T. OE. +_scand_, _sceand_. + +schrede, _v._ clothe; 3 _sing. pret._ schredde L, sredde H, KH. 625, +schredde C L, shredde H, KH. 896; 3 _pl. pret._ schrudde C, schurde L, +KH. 1582. OE. _scrȳdan_. + +schrewe, _sb._ shrew, evil person, KH. 60. OE. _scre͞awa_, barn mouse. + +schulle, _adv._ shrill, sonorous, KH. 221 C. OE. _scylle_, _scelle_. + +sclauyne, _sb._ pilgrim’s cloak, KH. 1134, 1137, 1310. OF. _esclavine_. + +scrippe, _sb._ scrip, sack, KH. 1141. ON. _skreppa_. + +scur, _sb._ shower, F. & B. 73 Cott. OE. _scūr_. + +sekerly, _see_ sikirli. + +senpere, _sb._ bridge keeper (?), F. & B. 500 T, 513 T. + +sere, _sb._ apparel (?), contrivance (?), Ass. 704 Add. OE. _searo_. + +seriauns, _sb._ sergeant, man at arms, F. & B. 218 C. OF. _sergant_, +_serjant_. + +serie, _infin._ dispense, KH. 1489 C. OE. _scerwen_, ‘a scattering.’ + +seyne, _sb._ snare, fishing net, KH. 726 L. OE. _segne_, OF. _seine_. + +shrelle, _infin._ cry, F. & B. 756 T. + +sib, sibbe, _sb._ kinsman, kindred, KH. 68, Ass. 181 C, 185 Add., 585 H. +OE. _sibb_. + +side, syde, _sb._ (1) side, (2) shore, KH. 35, 145. OE. _sīde_. + +sike, syke, syken, _v._ sigh, KH. 456; 3 _sing. pres._ sykes, F. & B. +113 T; 3 _sing. pret._ syȝt, syȝte, F. & B. 256, 270 T, 417, 431 C. OE. +_sīcan_. + +sikirli, sekerly, _adv._ certainly, Ass. 390 Add., F. & B. 92 T. OE. +_sicor_. + +siþe, syþe, _sb._ time, KH. 374 C, 1446, F. & B. 196 T. OE. _sīð_. + +sithen, _conj._ since, Ass. 283, 422 Add. OE. _siððan_. + +siþþe, sitthe, sithen, _adv._ afterwards, KH. 1185 C, 1238, Ass. 542 +Add., 434 C. OE. _siððan_. + +skeete, soon, quickly, F. & B. 1005 T. OE. _scēot_, ON. _ski͞otr_. + +skille, skyle, _sb._ right, reason, Ass. 312 H, 352 Add. Icel. _skil_. + +slitte, _sb._ opening in garment, pocket, F. & B. 348 C. + +slon, _v._ slay; _infin._ slen C, slon L, slo H, KH. 91, 47; 3 _pl. +pret._ sloȝen C, slowe L, slowen H, KH. 195; _pp._ aslaȝe C, yslawe L H, +KH. 94. OE. _slēan_. + +sloo, _sb._ slough, Ass. 507 H. OE. _slōh_. + +smerte, _v._ pain, KH. 1602. OE. _smeortan_. + +snelle, _adj._ quick, KH. 1581 C. OE. _snell_. + +so, _conj._ as, KH. 14, 15, etc. + +soler, _sb._ upper room, summer room, F. & B. 173. OF. _solier_, Lat. +_solarium_. + +sond, sonde, _sb._ (1) message, (2) dish at table, Ass. 634 H, 798 Add., +F. & B. 1072 T. + +sonde, _sb._ messenger, KH. 281, 287, (ysonde 287 L), 992 H, 1005 C H, +etc., F. & B. 796 C., Ass. 106 C, 682 Add. OE. _sand_, _sond_. + +sore, _sb._ pain, KH. 75 L H. OE. _sār_. + +sore, _adv._ much, very, KH. 73, 362. OE. _sāre_. + +soth, soþ, soþe, _adj._ true, F. & B. 321 T, etc. OE. _sōð_. + +soune, _sb._ sound, KH. 224 H. Fr. _son_. + +soune, _adv._ clearly, KH. 224 L. + +Spaine, Spayne, Spaygne, Speine, F. & B. 413, 769 C., 1046 T. + +spede, _sb._ speed, good luck, KH. 491. OE. _spēd_. + +spede, _infin._ speed, have good fortune, KH. 852 C H, F. & B. 1026 T. +OE. _speke_, _bispac_, _spēdan_. + +spell, spelle, _sb._ tale, KH. 1015 H, 1106. OE. _spell_. + +spille, spylle, _v._ perish, kill, KH. 208, 720 L, F. & B. 1007 T; _pp._ +ispild, killed, Ass. 19 C. OE. _spillan_. + +squire, _sb._ square, F. & B. 325 C. OF. _esqvarre_. + +stage, _sb._ upper floor of a house, F. & B. 218, 270 C. OF. _estage_. + +stede, _sb._ horse, steed, KH. 51. OE. _stēda_. + +stede, _sb._ place, KH. 273, Ass. 730, 866 Add. OE. _stede_. + +steke, _v._ pierce; 2 _sing. pres._ stikkest, F. & B. 98 Cott. + +stere, _sb._ rudder, ship, KH. 107 C, 1471 C. OE. _stēor_. + +stere, _v._ lead, command, KH. 464 C, L. OE. _ste͞oran_. + +sterne, _adj._ stern, insolent, KH. 935 C, 784 H. OE. _sterne_, +_styrne_. + +sterte, _v._ start, leap, F. & B. 457 C. ON. _sterta_. + +sterue, _v._ die, KH. 829, 980 C, 984 H, 1253 C. OE. _steorfan_. + +steuene, _sb._ voice, KH. 1453 L, F. & B. 54 C., Ass. 73, 239 C, 79, 245 +Add., etc. OE. _stefn_. + +steyȝ, 3 _sing. pret._ climbed, F. & B. 892 C. OE. _stīgan_. + +stonde, _infin._ spring up, rise, KH. 809 L, H. Cf. Lay. 20509. + +stonge, 3 _pl. pret._ pierced, KH. 1475 L H, Ass. 447 Add. OE. +_stingan_. + +store, _adj._, _nom. plur._ great, strong, F. & B. 19 C. OE. _stor_. + +stounde, stunde, _sb._ point of time, period of time, F. & B. 327 T, +Ass. 635, 727 Add., KH. 181 C, 351, 791, 1030, 1371. OE. _stund_. + +striken, 3 _pl. pret._ struck, stripped (Stratmann)?, striken L H, +strike C, KH. 1089. OE. _strīcan_. + +sture, _infin._ stir, move, KH. 1541 H. OE. _styrian_. + +Sture, name of a river, KH. 729, 1551. + +Suddene, Sodenne, Sudenne, Suddenne, KH. 155, 189, 542, 929, 1062, 1351, +1370, 1389, 1463, 1637. + +sundry, _adj._ separate, apart, Ass. 148, 364 Add. OE. _syndrig_. + +sune, 2 _sing. subj. pres._ sound, KH. 223 C. OF. _soner_. + +swage, _infin._ assuage, abate, F. & B. 38 T. OF. _asuager_. + +swere, swire, suire, _sb._ neck, KH. 796, 1144, 1291, F. & B. 1016 T. +OE. _swira_, _sweora_. + +sweting, _sb._ favourite, KH. 234 L. + +sweuen, _sb._ dream, KH. 710, 723. OE. _swefen_. + +sweuening, _sb._ dream, KH. 774. + +swike, swyke, _infin._ deceive; biswike C L, bysuyke H, KH. 306; biswike +C, swike L, byswyke H, KH. 711. OE. _swīcan_. + +swilc, swihc, such, etc., such. OE. _swylce_. + +swiþe, swyþe, suþe, _adv._ (1) very, KH. 96, 98 L H, 172, 192, etc., +Ass. 355 C, F. & B. 87, 280 C.; (2) soon, quickly, rapid, KH. 129 L H, +374 L, 435 L, 289, 845, 1042, etc., F. & B. 148, 308 C., Ass. 612, +671 H, 839 Add., etc. OE. _swīðe_. + +iswoȝe, yswowe, _pp._ in a faint, KH. 458, 914. + +swoȝning C, swohinge L, swowenynge H, _sb._ fainting spell, swoon, KH. +474. + +swongen, 3 _pl. pret._ suspended, (?) Ass. 443 Add. OE. _swingan_. + +swymme, swemme, _infin._ move on water, KH. 203. OE. _swimman_. + + +take, _v._ take, give, KH. 568, 834, 1134, 1204, F. & B. 207 T, 159 C., +Ass. 48, 682 Add., 572 H, etc.; bitak, KH. 839 C, bytoke L, bitoke H, +KH. 1179. Cf. teche, biteche. ON. _taka_. + +targeþ, _v._ delay, F. & B. 226 Cott. OF. _targier_. + +te, ten, _v._ draw; _infin._ te, Ass. 282 C, ten KH. 767 T, teon 767 H; +3 _sing. pret._ teȝ, F. & B. 617 C.; 2 _sing. imper._ te, KH. 327 L. OE. +_tēon_. + +teche, _v._ usually ‘teach,’ sometimes ‘give’ (cf. take); _infin._ +teche, give, Ass. 46 C; 1 _sing. pres._ biteche, KH. 619 L H. + +tendeþ, _v._ set on fire, burn, F. & B. 672 C. OE. _(on)tendan_. + +tene, teone, _sb._ injustice, harm, KH. 367, 727; anger, F. & B. 902 T. +OE. _te͞ona_. + +terme, _sb._ term, period, F. & B. 432 Cambr. OF. _terme_. + +teyse, _sb._ measure of three yards, F. & B. 201, 203 Cott. OF. _toise_. + +þar, _v._ need, KH. 408 L. OE. _þearf_. + +þat, (1) _demonstr._ the, that, KH. 27, 28; (2) _rel._ that, KH. 2, 22; +(3) _conj._ that, KH. 33 L; (4) _comp. rel._ him, who, KH. 1064 C. + +the, _infin._ prosper, thrive, F. & B. 566 T. OE. _ðēon_. + +þinke, _v._ seem; _infin._ KH. 1233; 3 _sing. pres._ þinkþ, KH. 1405 C, +etc.; þincheþ, F. & B. 169 C.; of þinke, misplease, repent, _infin._, +KH. 112, 1046 C H, 1136. OE. _þyncean_. + +þo, _adv._ then, KH. 52, etc. OE. _ða_. + +þole, þolie, _v._ endure, suffer; _infin._, F. & B. 422, 677, 678, +737 C., Ass. 22, 215 C, 26, 217, 219 Add.; 3 _sing. pret._, F. & B. +580 C., etc. OE. _þolian_. + +Thomas, F. & B. 611 C, 659, 775, 796, 807, 821 Add. + +þorhreche, _see_ reche. + +þral, þralle, _sb._ slave, thrall, KH. 449. OE. _þrǣl_. + +þroȝe, _sb._ period of time, KH. 354, 1036. OE. _þrāge_. + +þrottene, þrettene, _num._ thirteen. OE. _þrēotȳne_. + +þulke (þe + ulke), the same, F. & B. 746 C., etc. + +þurston, KH. 875, 1057. Seems to be Norse. A frequent name of Hus Carls. +Thurstan (Turstayn) is one of two tax collectors sent by Hardicanute to +Worcester. + +tide, _sb._ time, KH. 1563. OE. _tīd_. + +tide, bitide, _v._ happen, betide; _infin._, KH. 212 L H, 218 C; 3 +_sing. pres._, tit, tyt, KH. 1442 L H; bitide, _infin._ KH. 218 L H, +575. OE. _tīdian_. + +timing, tymyng, _sb._ success, KH. 1701 C H. OE. _tīmian_. + +tire, tyre, _infin._ tear, F. & B. 736 C., 1017 T. OE. _teran_. + +tiþing, tidinge, etc., _sb._ tiding, KH. 138, 1058, 1318. + +to, (1) _prep._ to, KH. 2; (2) _adv._ too, KH. 37 L H; (3) _prefix_ +apart, asunder. + +to-brake, 3 _sing. pret._ broke apart, F. & B. 133 T. + +to-draȝe, to drawe, _infin._ draw to pieces (cf. draw and quarter), KH. +1612; 3 _pl. pret._ KH. 195. Cf. _alle þa chirchen he to droh_, Lay. +29135 A. + +toȝenes, _see_ ȝen. + +to-shake, _v._ shake to pieces. Ass. 356 C. + +trende, 3 _sing. pret._ roll, KH. 460 H. OE. _trendan_. + +trewage, truage, _sb._ tribute, homage, KH. 1618. OF. _truage_. + +trewþe, _sb._ truth, troth, KH. 321. OE. _trēowð_. + +Troye, _dat. sing._, F. & B. 178 T. + +Tune, _sb._ town, city, KH. 168. OE. _tūn_. + +tweie, tueye, tweyne, _num._ two, twain, KH. 943 H, 955. OE. _twēgen_. + +twie, twye, _adv._ twice, KH. 1570 C L. OE. _tuwa_, _twiwa_. + +tytte, 3 _sing. pret._ pull tightly (Bradley-Stratmann). + + +vȝten, _sb._ morning, dawn, KH. 1474. OE. _ūhte_. + +uncuþe, vncouþe, _adj._ unknown, KH. 781. OE. _cūð_. + +vnderfonge, _see_ fonge. + +vnderȝete, _v._ perceive, learn; _infin._ F. & B. 49 T; 3 _sing. pret._ +vnderȝat, F. & B. 35 C., etc.; _pp._, F. & B. 292 T, and Cott. 556 C. +OE. _undergietan_. + +vndern, _sb._ noon, F. & B. 511 T; ondarne, Cott. OE. _undern_. + +vndernome, _pp._ journeyed, F. & B. 189, 219 T; vndernome, set out, +gone, 920 T. Cf. noome, gone, F. & B. 227 T. + +vndrestode, 3 _sing. pret._ received, Ass. 564 Add. + +vnmete, _adv._ violently, Ass. 354 C. OE. _unmete_. + +vnmeþ, _sb._ immoderation, F. & B. 675 C. OE. _unmet_. + +vnneþes, _adv._ with difficulty, F. & B. 63 T. OE. _une͞aðe_. + +unorne, _adj._ old, ugly, KH. 348, 1646 C. OE. _unorne_. + +vnpliȝt, _sb._ peril, Ass. 194 Add. + +unspurne, _infin._ kick open, KH. 1159. OE. _spurnan_. + +vnwemmed, _adj._ spotless, Ass. 537 C. OE. _wamm_. + +vrne, _see_ erne. + +utrage, _sb._ error for truage (?), KH. 1618 L. + + +verde, _see_ ferde. + +verdoune, _sb._ troop, company (?), Ass. 455, 457 H. + +vertu, _sb._ power, strength, F. & B. 370 T. OF. _vertu_. + +vie, _sb._ life, Ass. 879, 889, 891 Add. OF. _vie_. + + +warysoun, _sb._ reward, F. & B. 1051 T, _see_ gersume, garisone. + +wat, water, KH. 634 L. + +waxe, wexe, _v._ grow, wax; _infin._, KH. 101, 268 C, 312 C; 3 _sing. +pret._ wex, KH. 268 L. OE. _weaxan_. + +wed-broþer, _sb._ pledged brother, KH. 300 L. Cf. Lay. 14469 and Note +32209. Sax. Chron. 30, brother by baptism. Wace has for Layamon’s +wed-broðer, in one instance ‘cousin,’ in another ‘nephew.’ Cf. also +Plummer, Two Saxon Chronicles, p. 25, bottom. ON. _veð brōðar_. + +wedde, _v._ wed, marry; _infin._, KH. 1021; 3 _sing. pret._ wedde (wax +mad?); _pp._ wedde, KH. 316 C, L. OE. _weddian_. + +wede, _sb._ clothes, KH. 1132. OE. _wǣd_. + +wel, _adv._, (1) well, KH. 374 etc., (2) very, KH. 74 L, 97 L, 98 C, +131, F. & B. 147 C. OE. _wēl_. + +welde, wolde, _infin._ wield, rule, KH. 324, 452 L, 972 L, F. & B. +207 T. OE. _wealdan_. + +wem, _sb._ spot, stain, Ass. 647 Add. OE. _wamm_. + +wende, _v._ turn, wend, go; _infin._, KH. 971 C L, F. & B. 60 C.; 2 +_sing. imper._ went C H, wend L; go, KH. 343, 755 C, 759 C H; _pp._ wend +H, I wend C, turned, KH. 1170; went, turned, Ass. 346 Add.; biwente C, +bywende L, bywente H; 3 _sing. pret._ turned around, KH. 339. OE. +_wendan_. + +wendling, _sb._ vagrant (?), KH. 754 L. + +wene, _v._ think, KH. 131, 313, 1204, 1207, 1213, 1365. OE. _wēnan_. + +wene, weene, _sb._ (1) thought, F. & B. 651 C.; (2) doubt, F. & B. +197 T, 181 Cott. OE. _wēn_. + +were, 2 _sing. pres. subj._ wear. OE. _werian_. + +werie, werye, _infin._ protect, KH. 839. OE. _werian_. + +werne, wurne, _v._ prevent, KH.; _infin._, KH. 938 L H, 1166 C, 1496 L, +1518 C. OE. _wyrnan_. + +werþe, _v._ become, shall be; 2 _sing. pres._ wurstu C, worstu L, +worþest þou H, KH. 342; 3 _sing. pres._ wurþ C, worþ L H, KH. 490, 728. +worþe, KH. 509. OE. _weorðan_. + +westernesse, westnesse, westene londe, westnesse londe, westnisse, KH. +172, 182, 228, 808, 993, 1017, 1088 C H, 1268, 1295 C H, 1615 C H. + +whannes, wenne, whenne, _inter. adv._ whence, KH. 175. OE. _hwanne_, +_hwenne_. + +weturly, wytterli, _adv._ surely, F. & B. 819 T, Cott. ON. _vitrliga_. + +wif, _sb._ woman, Ass. 18 C. OE. _wīf_. + +wiȝt, _sb._ (1) bit, KH. 535; (2) being, person, KH. 715. OE. _wiht_. + +wis, ywis, _adv._ certainly, indeed; KH. 131 C, 54 L H, 131 L H, 210 C, +etc. + +wise, _sb._ guise, KH. 378. OF. _guise_. + +wise, wisse, _v._ conduct, direct, KH. 253 C, 443, 807 L, 1575. OE. +_wīsian_. + +wit, witte, wytte, _sb._ intelligence, understanding, wit, KH. 188, +692 C, 1164. OE. _witt_. + +wite, _v._ 1 know; _infin._ KH. 309, 471 L, F. & B. 170, 609, 620 C.; 1 +_sing. pres._ wole, Ass. 332 Add.; 2 _pl. pres._ woot, F. & B. 940 T; 2 +_pl. subj._ weete, F. & B. 1031 T; 2 _sing. subj._ wite, 755 C.: 3 +_sing. pret._ wiste, C L, nust H, KH. 84. Cf. also Ass. 32 C, 240 Add., +etc. OE. _witan_. + +wite, iwite, _v._ 2 guard, keep; 2 _sing. subj._ white, KH. 1569 H; +_infin._ wite, F. & B. 555, 756 C. OE. _wītan_, _gewītan_. + +wiþerling C, wiþering L, wytherlyng H, _sb._ enemy, foe, KH. 160. + +wiþsegge, _v._ deny, KH. 1368. OE. _secgan_. + +wode, _adj._ mad, KH. 950 L. OE. _wōd_. + +woȝe, wowe, awowen, wowen, _infin._ woo, KH. 578, 847, 1517 C. OE. +_wōgian_. + +woȝe, wowe, _sb._ wall, KH. 1048. OE. _wāg_. + +wolde, _see_ welde. + +won, _sb._ store, quantity, pomp (?); wiþ ryche won, KH. 962 H, F. & B. +386 C. + +wonde, _v._ hesitate, delay, KH. 355, 788. OE. _wandian_. + +wone, wonie, wune, _v._ dwell, be accustomed to; _infin._ KH. 783, 1456, +F. & B. 218 Cott., Ass. 184 C; _pp._ wonede, KH. 80 L H, iwuned, F. & B. +567 C., etc. OE. _wunian_. + +wone, wune, _sb._ custom, practice, F. & B. 557 C., 90 Cott., Ass. 20 +Add. OE. _(ge)wuna_. + +wood, _adj._ mad, F. & B. 936, 994 T. OE. _wōd_. + +worship, _sb._ dignity, honour, F. & B. 1030 T. OE. _weorðscipe_. + +worstu, thou shalt be, _see_ werþe. + +wreche, _sb._ vengeance, KH. 1376. OE. _wrǣc_. + +wreie, wreye, _v._ (1) bewray, (2) accuse, KH. 1338, 1341 L, F. & B. +816 T. biwreie, bewray, accuse, KH. 380 C. OE. _wrēgan_. + +wreke, _infin._ avenge, Ass. 726 Add., F. & B. 919 T; awreke, 640 C. OE. +_wrecan_. + +wringe, _v._ wring, twist; _infin._ wringe, wrynge, KH. 1142 H; 3 _sing. +pret._ wrong, 1142 C; _pr. part._ wringinde C, wringende L, wryngynde H, +KH. 118. OE. _wringan_. + +wroþe, _adj._ fearful, afraid, KH. 366, 1304. OE. _wrāð_. + +wunder, wonder, _sb._ wonder, harm, KH. 1335, 1536. OE. _wundor_. Cf. +Mätzner, King Horn, 1247 Note, 1422 Note. + +wyȝte, _adj._ brave, dexterous, KH. 1080 L, 1302 L. + +wynne, _sb._ joy, pleasure, F. & B. 333 T. OE. _wynn_. + + +y-, _see_ i-. + + + * * * * * + * * * * + * * * * * + + +[_Differences between this e-text and the printed book_ + +Sidenotes giving leaf-and-column information were often abbreviated for +space. The forms “lf.” and “bk.” have been silently regularized to +“leaf” and “back”. The full word “leaf” has been supplied where missing, +except in references to the Trentham MS., where it was consistently +omitted in the original. + +Notes were variously printed in the side margin or at the bottom of +the page, depending on space constraints. They have been treated as +footnotes or sidenotes according to their function: information about +the text or MS. (footnote), leaf- or column numbering (sidenote), +narrative summary (sidenote). Where more than one MS was used, narrative +sidenotes are shown at the beginning of each group of lines. + +The recurring words “No gap in MS.” are in the original; they are +generally followed by one or more blank lines inserted to keep the texts +parallel. The words are retained in _King Horn_ to preserve the editor’s +line numbering; in the other texts they were retained only when needed +to prevent ambiguity. The notation [[empty line]] in double brackets was +added by the transcriber. + +Line numbering is as in the original. Printed numbers have been silently +regularized to the EETS-standard multiple of 4. + +Each page of _King Horn_ was divided into three: the Cambridge and Laud +versions in adjoining columns, and the Harleian across the bottom, with +lines printed in pairs separated by a | divider. For this e-text, the +Harleian text has been broken into single lines to match the other two. +General sidenotes were originally printed in the Harleian section. + +Except for footnote markers and Transcriber’s Notes, all brackets [ ] +are in the original. + + +_Other Texts_ + +At time of preparation, the three diagrams shown in the Preface were +available online at The Internet Archive: + + Wissmann on King Horn: + http://www.archive.org/details/dasliedvonkingh00wissgoog + (page n16) + + Herzog on Floris and Blancheflur in Scandinavia: + http://www.archive.org/details/diebeidensagenk00herzgoog + (page n100) + + Hausknecht on Floris and Blancheflur: + http://www.archive.org/details/florisandblaunc00hausgoog + (page n131) + +In the Introduction to Floris and Blancheflur, the English passages +printed alongside the French version are from Hausknecht’s edition. + + +_Inconsistencies_ + +Introduction: + +The forms “H Z”, “HZ.” and “H. Z.” (for “Haupt’s Zeitschrift für +deutsches Alterthum”) each appear once. + +The term “X type” (of OE. rime) appears both with and without period, +and in both bold and ordinary type. + +Some references to Hempl’s test have “_-wǭ-_, _-wō-_” instead of the +expected “_-wǭ-_, _-wọ̄-_”. These are shown as printed. + +In a few paragraphs, the abbreviation “O.E.” has been silently +regularized to “OE.” + +General: + +The abbreviations “V.” and “Cott.” (see beginning of Glossary) refer to +the same MS., Cott. Vitell. D. III. + +“MS. Gg. 4. 27. 2.” is written both with and without final period +(full stop). + +When the editor is writing in his own voice, the Introduction uses “æ” +while the notes use “ae”. Middle English is always “æ” (one letter); +Latin is always “ae” (two letters). + +The Laud MS. always has “c{r}ist...” instead of the more common +“c{ri}st...” + +In the Notes, anomalous quotation marks such as ‘R. H.’ for R. H. +(without quotes) are unchanged. + + +_Typographical Errors_ + +Introduction: King Horn + + K. H. 385-6; [K. H. 385-6:] + “_Crist for his wundes fiue, To niȝt me þuder driue_, + [_missing close quote_] + made a great impression upon the people, + [_missing close quote_] + (umlaut of WG. _ai_) [WG,] + by the treatment of _æ_ above, by the double pronunciation of + [_comma missing_] + 123 L, Horns, nom. sing. [123 H] + [_the note to l. 659 has the same error_] + [_in the stemma, MS. “x” (above y and z) was missing. It has been + supplied from Wissmann_] + +Introduction: Floris and Blancheflur + + _Nordisk Tidskrift for Filologi og Pædagogik_ [Paadagogik] + Footnote I-16 ... 1^o, 2^o, 3^o. [2^o.] + _Ostesse_ : _kysse_ belongs only to MSS. T and Auch. [MSS. T.] + [Hausknecht diagram] + [_in the bottom row, T is printed as I_] + +Introduction: Assumption + + the Sunday gospel readings with their _expositio_ and a _narratio_ + [_narration_] + Conrad v. Heimesfurt, about 1200 (HZ. viii, pp. 150 ff.). + [_text unchanged; correct reference is 156ff._] + a misunderstanding of the lines 893-96 of the SE. Assumption” + [893-960 the] + Cambr. MS. Ff. 2. 38. as #E# [Ff. MS.] + we must regard as a compilation of different MSS. [off] + § 8. TIME AND PLACE OF COMPOSITION. [§ 7.] + He does not distinguish carefully open _ę̨̄_ and close _ẹ̄_ [open _ē_] + _Inne_ : _kynne_ 430 A, 478 A, 360 H, 338 D, 346 D, [346, D] + § 9. VERSIFICATION. [§ 8.] + _gode_ : _fote_ 70 Add., _þolen_ : _y-boren_ 220 Add., etc. + [_text has “Ass.” for “Add.” both times_] + +King Horn + +_As noted in the body text, line-initial þ was changed to Þ on the +assumption that capitalization was editorial._ + + 111 Þe se ȝou schal adrenche; [þe] + 161 Þat ihc am hol {and} fer [þat] + 219 “++Hon child,” qwad þe king, [_spelling unchanged_] + 274 For for folc þer was so meche. + [_text unchanged: error for single “For” as in Hall and Wissman + editions?_] + 393 Aft{er} mete stille, _wit_ + [_underlining in original represents expunctuation in MS_] + 464 Þin h{er}te gyn þou to stere, [þin] + 579 We beþ kinctes yonge, [_text unchanged: error for “knictes”?_] + 630 {And} horn murie to singe. [{An}d] + [759-60, 757-758] + [_lines transposed by editor_] + 961 in a chirche of lym {an}t ston + [_text unchanged: apparent error for “{ant}”_] + 971 MiRe{n}gne þu schalt welde, [_text unchanged_] + 1047 Ryme{n}hild vndude þe dure pin [_“e” in “dure” invisible_] + 1152 Þ{a}t he come þ{e}rinne. + [_text unchanged: error for “þ{er}inne”?_] + 1191 Hye drank of þe bere, [þebere] + 1299 ¶ “Ryme{n}hild,” he sede, “ywende + [_text unchanged: may be error for “y wende”_] + 1350 For riche me{n} þ{e}r ete. + [_text unchanged: error for “þ{er}”?_] + 1417 On C{ri}st ihc wolde bileue; [{Cr}ist] + +Floris and Blancheflur + + [Footnote FB-1: first ‘mey,’ then alterd] + [_editor’s orthography and punctuation unchanged_] + V 75 [Sidenote: [_leaf 6, back_]] + [_printed “leaf 6/3”_] + T 334 Me to bydden it it were grete synne.” + [_text unchanged: error for single “it” as in Hausknecht?_] + T 545 “Now,” seith Dares, “þ{o}u art a Folt,”-- [art a “Folt,--] + T 673 Þou shalt haue redy w{i}t{h} the + [_text unchanged: error for “Þ{o}u”?_] + T 675 Ȝif~ þou wynne ouȝt of~ his, + [_text unchanged: error for “þ{o}u”?_] + V 365 Wha{n}ne þu lest lest him þe cupe iseo, [_text unchanged_] + T 712 Rede me ryȝt, ȝif~ þ{o}u be trew.” [_close quote missing_] + V [= T860] Þ{a}t ȝeue þe his beniscun, + [_text unchanged: error for “benisoun”?_] + T 933 I fonde þ{e}ryn a naked man. + [_text unchanged: error for “þ{er}yn”?_] + T 963 For, þy deeþ þ{o}u hast for me.” [_single for double quote_] + C 764 Bute hit he{m} beo forȝiue also.” [_close quote missing_] + T 1044 [Sidenote: [111 _a_]] [110 _a_] + +Assumption + + C 143 ¶ Þo he hadde ydon, to heuene he steȝ; [heueue] + C 172 ȝef he{m} boþe wille {and} space, + [_text unchanged: error for “Ȝef”?_] + C 358 + [_sidenote for “leaf 80, back” missing: should be near here_] + H 442 for thi loue, my moder dere. [dere.”] + A 670 Ih{es}u crist, godes sons, + [_text unchanged: error for “sone” as in Hackauf?_] + A 679 And p{r}echen al of godes sone, + [_text unchanged: error for “p{re}chen”?_] + + +In the Notes section, missing commas in note references have been +silently supplied. + + +Notes: King Horn + + 15. _whit so þe flur_. Cf. ‘Rich. C. de L.’: [_close quote missing_] + 17, 18. _bold_ : _old_. ... _He was a fair child and a bold_. [a{n}d] + [_in this section, “Faire child he was ...” is Beues l. 52; + “Be þat he was ...” is Reinbroun st. 4 l. 4._] + 123. ... Cf. _Horns_ 1560 H [_body text has “horn” alone_] + 128. ... With henelow and rumbelooo. [_text unchanged_] + 176. _beoþ icumene_. [_body text has “icume”_] + 175 ff. Compare ... [175. ff.] + 180-2. _Ne sauȝ ihc ..._ Cf. 180-2 Note. [_printed as shown_] + 247 ff. ... Brennes wes swiðe hende [v] his hap wes þe betere. + [247. ff.] + [_the symbol shown as [v] is a punctuation mark resembling + an inverted caret_] + 659, H. ... Cf. _enimis_ 1024 H, Horns 123 L. + [_text has “123 H” as in Preface_] + 684. _huntinge_. Cf. ‘Erl of Tolous’ 937 [Erl.] + 831. ... also ‘Beowulf’ 246-7 [_close quote missing_] + 921-2. _King Mory_. [991-2] + 1121. _Myd strencþe_. Cf. ‘Squire of L. D.’ 443 (Wissmann). + [(Wissmann.).] + 1144. _bicolmede_. Cf. ‘Lay.’ 17700-1, [97700-1] + 1275. _custe_.... Cf. also 425 Note. [426 Note] + 1410. _hym agros_. Cf. 925 Note. [924 Note] + 1536. _wunder_ = harm, evil. Cf. Mätzner, 1247 Note, 1422 Note. + [_printed after note to l. 1574_] + 1537. _wundes fiue_. [1536.] + +Notes: Floris and Blancheflur + + 227, T. + 513, C. + 589, C. + [_MS. references missing in all_] + 692, 697, C. _him_. [677] + +Notes: Assumption + + 19-22. Add. Not in H or D, or F. [Ass.] + 97-8, C. ... also H (89-90): [89-10] + 121-2, Add. F, D, and H have ... [Ass.] + 116, C. ... in agreement with Add. [Ass.] + 277-80, H. [C.] + 303 ff., H. From this point F and D follow Add. (309-340). [ff,] + [_text ends with colon: see next item_] + 320, Add. Here D (299-300) has two lines not in Add. or F: + [_following pair of lines printed before note_] + 347 ff., Add. [347 ff., F.] + 565-6, H. _by-leue_, _y-yeue_. F (621-2): [by-leue-] + 607-8, H. ... D (499-500) has the same as F transposed, _beme_ : + _aȝen_. [_final . missing_] + 61-2, C. + 373-4, H. + 587-94, H. + 639-642, H. + [_MS. references missing in all_] + +Glossary + + arson, _sb._ saddle bow; _n. s._, F. & B. 369 T. OF. _arçon_. [OE.] + belamy, _sb._ good friend, F. & B. 633 C. OF. _bel ami_ + [_final . missing_] + belde, _see_ bolde [_final . missing_] + Blancheflour, Blauncheflur, etc. ... C. Fr. Blanceflors, Blanceflor. + [_printed in roman (non-italic) type_] + dyȝcte, _infin._ arrange, KH. 904 L [404 L] + follyche, KH. 98 L. (?). OE. _fūllīce_. + [_text unchanged: apparent error for “fullīce” (“fūl” with long ū + is “foul”)] + gabbest, 2 _sing. pres._ (1) ridicule, (2) deceive, (3) chatter. + [3 chatter] + ginne, gynne, _sb._? ... F. & B. 131, 195, 206, 258 C., etc.; + F. & B. 1032, 1048 T. + [F. & B. 131, 158, 169, ... Ass. 1032] + ginnur, _sb._ engineer, workman, F. & B. 324 C. [329] + grom, _sb._ boy; _nom. sing._ grom, KH. 1035 L H; [1035 L H:] + halke, ... OE. _healoc_ [_final . missing_] + hende, _adj._ ... OE. _(ȝe)hende_. [_(ȝe) hende_] + heren, _v._ hire; 3 _sing. pret._ hurede C, herde L, herde L H, + KH. 806. OE. _hȳrian_. [_text unchanged_] + I--, I lome, etc., _see_ lome, etc. [lome, etc,] + Iewes, Iewis, Iewys + [_almost every citation in this entry is wrong:_ + “674 H” error for 564 H = 674 Add. + “Ass. 530 C” error for H + “Ass. 620 Add.” is an error + “Ass. 553 C” error for H] + leng, _compar._ longer, KH. 1183 etc. OE. _leng_. [etc OE.] + leste, luste, _v._ desire, hanker, lust [hanker.] + Lumbardy, F. & B. 179 T. French version has (En)Lombardie 49. + [_text unchanged_] + maister, _sb._ leader, KH. 659; maister-king, KH. 659 L + [_body text has “maister king” as two words_] + sikirli, sekerly, _adv._ certainly [certainty] + sonde, _sb._ ... Ass. 106 C [Ass 106 C] + spede, _infin._ speed, have good fortune, KH. 852 C H, F. & B. + 1026 T. OE. _speke_, _bispac_, _spēdan_. + [_last three words printed as shown; expected following entry + “speke” is missing_] + tide, bitide, _v._ happen, betide + [_entry printed as two paragraphs with duplicate “OE.”_: + tide, bitide, _v._ happen, betide; _infin._, KH. + 212 L H, 218 C; 3 _sing. pres._, OE. + tit, tyt, KH. 1442 L H; bitide, _infin._ + KH. 218 L H, 575. OE. _tīdian_.] + vndernome, _pp._ journeyed, F. & B. 189 [152] + wite, iwite, _v._ 2 guard, keep [_missing “2”_] + wreke, _infin._ avenge [wreke.] + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of King Horn, Floriz and Blauncheflur, +The Assumption of Our Lady, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK KING HORN, FLORIZ, BLAUNCHEFLUR *** + +***** This file should be named 42713-0.txt or 42713-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/4/2/7/1/42713/ + +Produced by Louise Hope, David Starner, JackMcJiggins and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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