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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 41528 ***
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original illustrations.
+      See 41528-h.htm or 41528-h.zip:
+      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/41528/41528-h/41528-h.htm)
+      or
+      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/41528/41528-h.zip)
+
+
+      Images of the original pages are available through
+      Internet Archive/American Libraries. See
+      http://archive.org/details/memoirsofveteran00hermiala
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: Yours truly, I. HERMANN]
+
+
+MEMOIRS OF A VETERAN
+
+WHO SERVED AS A PRIVATE IN THE 60'S
+IN THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES
+
+Personal Incidents, Experiences and Observations
+
+Written by
+
+CAPT. I. HERMANN
+
+Who Served in the Three Branches of the Confederate Army
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Atlanta. Ga.:
+Byrd Printing Company
+1911
+
+Copyright 1911
+By I. Hermann
+All rights reserved
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION.
+
+
+The following reminiscences after due and careful consideration, are
+dedicated to the young, who are pausing at the portals of manhood, as
+well as womanhood, and who are confronted with illusory visions and
+representations, the goal of which is but seldom attained, even by the
+fewest fortunates, and then only by unforeseen circumstances and
+haphazards, not illustrated in the mapped out program for future
+welfare, greatness and success.
+
+Often the most sanguine persons have such optimistic illusions, which,
+unless most carefully considered will lead them into irreparable errors.
+Even the political changes, often times necessary in the government of
+men, are great factors to smash into fragments the best and most
+illusory plans, and cast into the shadow, for a time being at least, the
+kindliest, philanthropic and best intentions of individual efforts,
+until the Wheel of Fortune again turns in his direction, casting a few
+sparks of hope in his ultimate favor, and which is seldom realized.
+
+If the reader of the above has been induced to think and carefully
+consider, before acting hastily, the writer feels that he has
+accomplished some good in the current affairs of human events.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+
+A PICTURE.
+
+Entering the post-office for my daily mail, I noticed in the lobby,
+hanging on the wall, a beautiful, attractive and highly colored
+landscape and manhood therein displayed in its perfection, gaudily
+dressed in spotless uniforms; some on horseback, some afoot, with a
+carriage as erect and healthful demeanor that the artist could
+undoubtedly produce; he was at his best, setting forth a life of ease
+and comfort that would appeal to the youngster, patriot and careless
+individual, that therein is a life worth living for. Even the social
+features have not been omitted where men and officers stand in good
+comradeship. Peace and repose, and a full dinner pail are the
+environment of the whole representation.
+
+It is the advertisement of an army recruiting officer, who wants to
+enlist young, healthy men for the service of the executive branch of our
+National Government, to defend the boundaries of our territory, to
+protect our people against the invasion of a foreign foe, to even
+invade a foreign land, to kill and be killed at the behest of the
+powers that be, for an insult whether imaginary or real, that probably
+could have been settled through better entente, or if the political
+atmosphere would have thought to leave the matter of misunderstanding or
+misconstruction to a tribunal of arbitration.
+
+The writer himself was once a soldier; the uniform he wore did not
+correspond with that of the picture above, it was rather the reverse in
+all its features. He enlisted in the Confederate service in 1861, when
+our homes were invaded, in defense of our firesides, and the Confederate
+States of America, who at that time, were an organized Government.
+
+Usually an artist, when he represents a subject on canvas, uses a dark
+background, to bring forth in bright relief, the subject of his work.
+But I, not being an artist, reverse the matter in controversy, and put
+the bright side first.
+
+
+OTHER PICTURES.
+
+When in 1861 the Southern States, known as the Slave States, severed
+their connection with the Federal Government and formed a Confederacy of
+their own, which under the Federal Constitution and Common Compact,
+they had a perfect right to do, they sent Commissioners, composed of
+John Forsyth, Martin J. Crawford and A. B. Boman to Washington, with
+power to adjust in a peaceable manner, any differences existing between
+the Confederate Government and their late associates. Our Government
+refrained from committing any overt act, or assault, and proposed
+strictly to act on the defensive, until that Government, in a most
+treacherous manner, attempted to maintain by force of arms, property,
+then in their possession and belonging to the Confederate Government,
+and which they had promised to surrender or abandon. But on the
+contrary, they sent a fleet loaded with provisions, men and munitions of
+war, to hold and keep Fort Sumter, in the harbor of South Carolina,
+contrary to our expectations, and as a menace to our new born Nation.
+
+Then, as now, there were State troops, or military organizations, and
+being on the alert, under the direction of our Government, and under the
+immediate command of General Beauregard, they fired on the assaulting
+fleet to prevent a most flagrant outrage, and after a fierce conflict,
+the Fort was surrendered, by one Capt. Anderson, then in command.
+
+Abraham Lincoln, the then President of the United States, called out
+75,000 troops, which was construed by us as coercion on the part of the
+Federal Government, so as to prevent the Confederates from carrying out
+peaceably the maintenance of a Government already formed. To meet such
+contingency President Jefferson Davis called for volunteers. More men
+presented themselves properly organized into Companies, than we had arms
+to furnish. Patriotism ran high, and people took up arms as by one
+common impulse, and formed themselves into regiments and brigades.
+
+The Federal Government, with few exceptions, had all the arsenals in
+their possession. We were therefore not in a condition to physically
+withstand a very severe onslaught, but when the Northern Army attempted
+on July 21, 1861, to have a holiday in Richmond, the Capital of the
+Confederate States, we taught them a lesson at Manassas, and inscribed a
+page in history for future generations to contemplate.
+
+[Illustration: So Mounting a Stump, I Proceeded to Introduce Myself.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+
+The Federal army under General Scott consisted of over 60,000 men, while
+that of General J. E. Johnston was only half that number. Someone asked
+General Scott, why he, the hero of Mexico, had failed to enter Richmond.
+He answered, because the boys that led him into Mexico are the very ones
+that kept him out of Richmond.
+
+The proclamation of Abraham Lincoln calling out for troops was responded
+to with alacrity. In the meantime, we on the Confederate side, were not
+asleep; Washington County had then only one military organization of
+infantry called the Washington Rifles, commanded by Captain Seaborn
+Jones, a very gallant old gentleman, who was brave and patriotic. The
+following was a list of the Company's membership, who, by a unanimous
+vote, offered their services to the newly formed Government to repel the
+invader: (See Appendix A.). Their services were accepted, and they were
+ordered to Macon, Ga., as a camp of instructions, and for the formation
+of a regiment, of which the following companies formed the
+contingent--their names, letters, and captains. (See Appendix B.)
+
+J. N. Ramsey, of Columbus, Ga., was elected Colonel. We were ordered to
+Pensacola, Fla., for duty, and to guard that port, and to keep from
+landing any troops by our enemy who were in possession of the fort,
+guarding the entrance of that harbor. This was in the month of April,
+1861. From Pensacola the regiment was ordered to Northwestern Virginia.
+The Confederate Capital was also changed from Montgomery, Ala., where
+the Confederate Government was organized, and Jefferson Davis nominated
+its President, to Richmond, Va.
+
+About the middle of May, the same year, twenty-one young men of this
+County, of which the writer formed a contingent part, resolved to join
+the Washington Rifles, who had just preceded us on their way to
+Virginia. We rendezvoused at Davisboro, a station on the Central of
+Georgia Railway. We were all in high spirit on the day of our departure.
+The people of the neighborhood assembled to wish us Godspeed and a safe
+return. It was a lovely day and patriotism ran high. We promised a
+satisfactory result as soldiers of the Confederate States of America.
+
+At Richmond, Va., we were met by President Davis, who came to shake
+hands with the "boys in gray", and speak words of encouragement. From
+Richmond we traveled by rail to Staunton, where we were furnished with
+accoutrements by Colonel Mikel Harmon, and which consisted of muskets
+converted into percussion cap weapons, from old revolutionary flint and
+steel guns, possessing a kicking power that would put "Old Maude" to
+shame. My little squad had resolved to stick to one another through all
+emergencies, to aid and assist each other and to protect one another.
+Those resolutions were carried out to the letter as long as we continued
+together. We still went by rail to Buffalo Gap, when we had to foot it
+over the mountains to McDowell, a little village in the Valley of the
+Blue Ridge. Foot-sore and weary we struck camp. The inhabitants were
+hospitable and kind, and we informed ourselves about everything in that
+country, Laurel Hill being our destination.
+
+An old fellow whose name is Sanders, a very talkative gentlemen, told us
+how, he by himself ran a dozen Yankees; every one of us became
+interested as to how he did it, so he stated that one morning he went to
+salt his sheep in the pasture--all of a sudden there appeared a dozen
+or more Yankee soldiers, so he picked up his gun, and ran first, and
+they ran after him, but did not catch him. We all felt pretty well sold
+out and had a big laugh, for the gentleman demonstrated his tale in a
+very dramatic way.
+
+The following morning, we concluded to hire teams to continue our
+journey, which was within two days march of our destination. We passed
+Monterey, another village at the foot of the Alleghany Mountains, about
+twelve miles from McDowell. We crossed the Alleghany into Green Brier
+County, passed Huttensville, another little village at the foot of Cheat
+Mountain, from there to Beverly, a village about twelve miles from
+Laurel Hill, where we were entertained with a spread, the people having
+heard of our approach. We camped there that night, and passed commandery
+resolution upon its citizens, and their kind hospitality. The following
+day we arrived at Laurel Hill, where the army, about 3,000 strong, was
+encamped. The boys were glad to see us, and asked thousands of questions
+about their home-folks, all of which was answered as far as possible.
+The writer being a Frenchman, a rather scarce article in those days in
+this country, elicited no little curiosity among the members of the
+First Georgia Regiment. Sitting in my tent, reading and writing, at the
+same time enjoying my pipe, I noted at close intervals shadows excluding
+the light of day--looking for the cause, the party or parties instantly
+withdrew. Major U. M. Irwin entered; I asked him the cause for such
+curiosity, he stated laughing, "Well, I told some fellows we'd brought a
+live Frenchman with us. I suppose those fellows want to get a peep at
+you." I at once got up, mounted an old stump, and introduced myself to
+the crowd: "Gentlemen, it seems that I am eliciting a great deal of
+curiosity; now all of you will know me as Isaac Hermann, a native
+Frenchman, who came to assist you to fight the Yankees." Having thus
+made myself known, I took the privilege to ask those with whom I came in
+contact their names, and what Company they belonged to, and thus in a
+short time I knew every man in the Regiment. We were now installed and
+regularly enrolled for duty.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+
+Laurel Hill is a plateau situated to the right of Rich Mountain, the
+pass of which was occupied by Governor Wise, with a small force.
+
+In the early part of July, General McClelland, in command of the Federal
+troops, made a demonstration on our front. Our position was somewhat
+fortified by breastworks; the enemy came in close proximity to our camp
+and kept us on the Qui-vive; their guns were of long range, while ours
+would not carry over fifty yards. Picket duties were performed by whole
+companies, taking possession of the surrounding commanding hills. Many
+shots hissed in close proximity, without our being able to locate the
+direction from which they came, and without our even being able to hear
+the report of the guns. Very little damage, however, was done, except by
+some stray ball, now and then. It was the writer's time to stand guard,
+not far in front of the camp, his beat was alongside the ditches. In
+front of me the enemy had planted a cannon. The shots came at regular
+intervals in direct line with my beat, but the shots fell somewhat
+short, by about fifty to seventy-five yards. I saw many hit the ground.
+When Lieutenant Colonel Clark, came round on a tour of inspection, I
+remarked, "Colonel, am I placed here as a target to be shot at by those
+fellows yonder. One of their shots came rather close for comfort." He
+said, "Take your beat in the ditch, and when you see the smoke, tuck
+your head below the breastworks"--which was three and one-half feet deep
+the dirt drawn towards the front, which protected me up to my shoulders.
+For nearly two hours, until relieved, I kept close watch for the smoke
+of their gun, which I approximated was about a mile distant, and there I
+learned that it took the report of the cannon eight seconds to reach me
+after seeing the smoke, and the whiz of the missile four seconds later
+still; this gave me about twelve seconds to dodge the ball--anyhow, I
+was very willing when relief came, for the other fellow to take my
+place. In the afternoon, minnie balls rather multipherous, were hissing
+among the boys in camp, but up to that time there was no damage done,
+when a cavalryman came in and reported that some of the enemy was
+occupying an old log house situated about a half mile in front of us,
+and it was there through the cracks of that building came the missiles
+that made the fellows dodge about. General Garnett, our Commander,
+ordered out two companies of infantry, who, taking a long detour
+through the woods placed themselves in position to receive them as they
+emerged from the building, and with two pieces of artillery, sent balls
+and shells through their improvised fort. Out came the "Yanks" only to
+fall into the hands of those ready to give them a warm reception.
+
+On that evening, three days rations were issued. At dark it commenced
+drizzling rain; we were ordered to strike camp, and we took up the line
+of march to the rear, when I learned that the enemy had whipped out
+Governor Wise's forces on Rich Mountain and threatened our rear. We
+marched the whole of that night, only to find our retreat to Beverly
+blockaded by the enemy who had felled many trees across the road, the
+only turn pike leading to that place.
+
+We had to retrace our steps for several miles, and take what is known as
+mountain trail, leading in a different direction, marching all day. The
+night again, which was dark and dreary multiplied our misgivings. The
+path we followed, was as stated, a narrow mountain path, on the left
+insurmountable mountains, while on the right very deep precipices; many
+teams that left the rut on account of the darkness, were precipitated
+down the precipices and abandoned. Thus, after two nights and one day of
+steady marching, we arrived at Carricks' Ford, a fordable place on the
+north fork of the Potomac River. The water was breast-deep, and we went
+into it like ducks, when of a sudden, the Yankees appeared, firing into
+our column. They struck us about and along the wagon train, capturing
+the same, while the advance column stampeded. We lost our regimental
+colors, which were in the baggage wagon, in charge of G. W. Kelly, who
+abandoned it with all the Company's effects, to save himself.
+
+Colonel Ramsey, in fact all our officers were elected on account of
+their cleverness at home. This being a strictly agricultural country,
+the men and officers knew more about farming than about military
+tactics. Colonel Ramsey was an eminent lawyer of Columbus, Georgia. He
+gave the command, "Georgian, retreat," and the rout was complete. It was
+a great mistake that the Government did not assign military men to take
+charge in active campaigns; many blunders might have been evaded and
+many lives spared at the beginning of the war.
+
+One half of my regiment was assigned as rear guards and marched
+therefore, in the rear of the column behind the wagon train. We were
+consequently left to take care of ourselves the best we could. General
+Garnett was killed in the melee. Had we had officers who understood
+anything about military tactics, these reminiscences might be told
+differently.
+
+As soon as we heard firing in our front, we at once formed ourselves
+into line of battle, in a small corn patch across the stream, on our
+immediate right, at the foot of a high mountain. It seemed to have been
+new ground and the corn was luxuriantly thick. The logs that were there
+were rolled into line, thus serving as terraces, and also afforded us
+splendid breastworks. We were hardly in position, when artillery troops
+appeared and crossed the ford, not seventy-five yards from where we were
+in line, seeing them, without being seen ourselves. Major Harvey
+Thompson, who was in Command of our forces, which were not over four
+hundred and fifty strong, seeing some men making ready to fire, gave
+orders not to fire, as they were our own men crossing the stream, and
+thus lost the opportunity of making himself famous, for it proved to be
+the enemy's artillery in our immediate front. Had he given orders to
+fire and charge, we could have been on them before they could possibly
+have formed themselves into battery, captured their guns, killed and
+captured many of their men, and would have turned into victory what
+proved to have become a disastrous defeat.
+
+Thus being cut off from our main forces, who were in full retreat, and
+fearing to be captured, we climbed the mountain in our rear, expecting
+to cut across in a certain direction, and rejoin our forces some
+distance beyond. Thus began a dreary march of three days and four nights
+in a perfect wilderness, soaked to the bone and nothing to eat, cutting
+our way through the heavy growth of laurel bushes, we had to take it in
+Indian file, in single column.
+
+Many pathetic instances came to my observation; some reading testaments,
+others taking from their breast-pocket, next to their heart, pictures of
+loved ones, dropping tears of despair, as they mournfully returned them
+to their receptacle. An instance which impressed itself forcibly on my
+mind, was the filial affection displayed between father and son, and in
+which the writer put to good use, the Biblical story of King Solomon,
+where two women claimed the same child, but in this instance neither
+wanted to claim. It was thus: Captain Jones found a piece of tallow
+candle about one inch long in his haversack, and presented it to his
+son, Weaver, saying, "Eat that, son, it will sustain life;" "No, father,
+you eat it, I am younger than you, and stronger, and therefore can hold
+out longer." There they stood looking affectionately at each other, the
+Captain holding the piece of candle between his fingers. So I said,
+"Captain, hand it to me, I will divide it for you." Having my knife in
+hand, I cut it lengthwise, following the wick, giving each half, and
+passing the blade between my lips. It was the first taste of anything
+the writer had had in four days.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+
+When night overtook us, we had to remain in our track until daylight
+would enable us to proceed. When at about nine o'clock A. M. word was
+passed up the line, from mouth to mouth--"A Guide! A man and his son who
+will guide us out of here." Then Major Thompson, who was in front sent
+word down the line for the men to come up. The guides sent word up the
+line to meet them half way, that they were very tired, so it was
+arranged that Major Thompson met them about center, where the writer
+was. The guides introduced themselves as Messrs. Parson, father and son.
+The senior was a man of about fifty years, rather ungainly as to looks,
+and somewhat cross-eyed, while his son was a strong athletic young man,
+about twenty-three. They said they were trappers, collecting furs for
+the market. It must be remarked that that country was perfectly wild,
+and uninhabited, for during all this long march I had not seen a single
+settlement, but it contained many wild beasts, such as bears, panthers,
+foxes, deer, etc. He related that a tall young man by the name of Jasper
+Stubbs, belonging to Company E, First Regiment, Washington Rifles, came
+to his quarters very early this morning, inquiring if any soldiers had
+passed by, saying he found a nook under a projecting rock where he stood
+in column the night before, and to protect himself from dew, he lay down
+to rest, and fell asleep. When he awoke, it was day and he found his
+comrades gone, and that he was by himself. The surface of ground or
+rock, was a solid moss-bed, consequently he could not tell which way our
+tracks pointed, and he happened to take the reverse course which we
+went, and thus came to where the Parsons lived. Stubbs was missing, thus
+proving that the men's story must be true. It must also be remembered
+that the majority of the people in Western Virginia were in sympathy
+with the enemy, and thus possessed of many informers or spies, who would
+give information as to our whereabouts and doings.
+
+A conference was held among the officers as to what was best to be done.
+Parson claimed to be in sympathy with the South, and he knew that we
+would not be able to carry out our design, and that we would all perish,
+so he put out to lead us out of our dilemma. Major Thompson was for
+putting the Parsons under arrest, and force them to lead us in the
+direction we first assumed, or perish with us. Parsons spoke up and
+said, "Gentlemen, I am in your power; the country through which you
+propose to travel is not habitable, I have been raised in these regions,
+and there is not a living soul within forty miles in the direction you
+propose to go, and at the rate you are compelled to advance, you would
+all perish to death, and your carcasses left for food to the wild beasts
+of the forest." The conference was divided, some hesitated, others were
+for adopting Major Thompson's plan, when the writer stepped forward,
+saying, "Gentlemen, up to now, I have obeyed orders, but I for one,
+prefer to be shot by an enemy's bullet, than to perish like a coward in
+this wild region." Captain Jones tapped me on the shoulder, remarking;
+"Well spoken, Hermann, those are my sentiments--Company E, About Face!".
+Captain Crump, commanding Company I, from Augusta, Ga., followed suit,
+and thus the whole column faced about, ready to follow the Parsons.
+
+The writer made the following proposition: That Mr. Parson and son be
+disarmed, for both carried hunting rifles; that I would follow them
+within twenty paces, while the column should follow within two hundred
+yards, thus in case of treachery they would be warned by report of my
+gun, that there is danger ahead. These precautions I deemed necessary in
+case of an ambush. Addressing myself to our guides, I said, "Gentlemen,
+you occupy an enviable position; if you prove true, of which I have no
+doubt myself, you'd be amply rewarded, but should you prove otherwise,
+your hide is mine, and there is not enough guns in Yankeedom to prevent
+me from shooting you." At this point, a private from the Gate City
+Guards, whose name is Wm. Leatherwood, remarked, "You shall not go
+alone, I will accompany you." I thanked him kindly, saying I would be
+glad if he would. Thus we retraced our steps, following our leaders,
+when after about three miles march we struck a mountain stream, in the
+bed of which we waded for nine miles, the water varying from knee to
+waist deep, running very rapidly over mossy, slippery rocks, and through
+gorges as if the mountains were cut in twain and hewn down. In some
+places, the walls were so high, affording a narrow dark passage, I don't
+believe God's sun ever shone down there. I was so chilled, I felt myself
+freezing to death in mid summer, for it was about the 17th of July;
+darkness was setting in, and I had not seen the sun that day, although
+the sky was cloudless, when to my great relief we came to a little
+opening on our left, the mountain receding, leaving about an acre of
+level ground, with a luxuriant growth of grass. Our guides said they
+lived within a quarter of a mile from there. I said, let us rest and
+wait for the rest of the men. When after a little rest, I started again,
+I was too weak to make the advance, although provisions were in sight. I
+had to be relieved, and some others took my place, while I lay exhausted
+on the grass. Happily some of the men had paper that escaped humidity;
+loading a musket with wadding, they fired into a rotten stump, setting
+it on fire, and by persistent blowing, produced a bright little flame,
+which soon developed into a large camp fire, around which the boys dried
+themselves.
+
+Parson proved himself a noble, patriotic host. After a couple of hours,
+he sent us a large pone of corn-bread, baked in an old-fashioned oven. I
+received about an inch square as my share,--the sweetest morsel that
+ever passed my lips. It was sufficient to allay the gnawing of my empty
+stomach,--it had a strange effect on me, for every time I would stand
+up, my knees would give way and down I went otherwise I felt no
+inconvenience.
+
+It was a remarkable fact that every man was able to keep up with our
+small column and we did not lose a single man up to that time.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+
+The next morning Mr. Parson drove up two nice, seal fat beeves,--to get
+rations was a quick performance, and the meat was devoured before it had
+time to get any of the animal heat out of it, some ate it raw, others
+stuck it on the ramrod of their gun and held it over the fire, in the
+meantime biting off great mouthfulls while the balance was broiling on
+his improvised cooking utensil. Mr. Parson also brought us some meal,
+which being made into dough was baked in the ashes, and thus we all had
+a square meal and some left to carry in our haversack.
+
+Mr. Parson was tolerably well to do, he owned some land, raised his
+truck, had a small apple orchard, and indulged in stock-raising. He
+owned several horses and some of the officers bought of him. The writer
+feeling badly jaded, also concluded he would buy himself a horse, and
+paid his price, $95.00 for a horse, but Major Thompson, being of a timid
+nature, was afraid that too many horsemen might attract attention,
+refused to let me ride by the wagon-road, so Mr. Parson said there was a
+mountain path that I could follow that would lead in the big road some
+few miles beyond, but that I would have to lead the animal for about a
+couple of miles, when I would be able to ride. Dr. Whitaker, a worthy
+member of my Company, and a good companion, offered me his services to
+get the animal over the roughest part of the route. I accepted his
+offer, and promised that we would ride by turns, so I took the horse by
+the bridle and led him, Whitaker following behind, coaxing him along.
+The mountain was so steep I had to talk to keep the horse on his feet,
+but nevertheless he slipped several times and we worried to get him up
+again. We made slow headway; the column had advanced, and we lost sight
+of it, and were left alone, worrying with the horse, who finally lost
+foothold again, and rolled over. The writer was forced to turn loose the
+bridle to keep from being dragged along into the hollow. The horse
+rolled over and over, making every effort to gain his feet, but to no
+avail, until he reached the bottom, where he appeared no bigger than a
+goat. I felt sorry for the poor animal, so I went down, took off his
+saddle and bridle, placed them on a rock, and left him to take care of
+himself. I rejoined Dr. Whitaker. Relieved of our burden, we followed
+the trail made by the column. About sunset we caught sight of them, just
+as they crossed Green Brier River, a wide, but shallow stream. At that
+place the water was waist deep in the center, running very swift, as
+mountain streams do, over slippery moss-covered rocks. When center of
+the river, I lost foot hold and the stream, swift as it was, swept me
+under, and in my feeble condition I had a struggle to recover myself. I
+lost my rations, which were swept down stream, a great loss to me, but
+undoubtedly served as a fine repast for the fishes which abounded in
+those waters.
+
+The column continued its line of march, passing a settlement, the first
+dwelling I had seen in five days. I called at the gate; receiving no
+answer, I walked into the porch; the door being ajar, I pushed it open
+and found an empty room, with the exception of a wooden bench, and an
+old-fashioned, home-made primitive empty bedstead, with cords serving to
+support the bedding that the owners had hurriedly removed before our
+arrival. I called again. Presently a young woman presented herself.
+After passing greetings of the day I asked, "Where are the folks?" She
+said, "They are not here," (the surroundings indicated a hasty exit). I
+said, "So I see. Where are they?" She said she did not know, undoubtedly
+not willing to divulge. "Who lives here?" "Mr. Snider." "And you don't
+know where he is?" "No, he heard you all were coming, and not being in
+sympathy with you all, he left." "Well, he ought not to have done so,
+nobody would have harmed him or hurt a hair on his head. He is entitled
+to his opinion, as long as he does not take up arms against us." So I
+recounted the accident that had befallen me, and wanted to replenish my
+provisions. I asked if I could buy something to eat. She said, "There
+are no provisions in the house", "Well, I hope you would not object to
+my making a fire in this fire-place to dry myself." She said she had no
+objection. It must be remembered that the fire-places in those days were
+very roomy indeed. I found wood on the woodpile, and soon had a roaring
+fire. It was late in the evening, and I intended to pass that night
+under shelter, for I was chilled to the bone. In moving the bench in
+front of the fire, on which to spread my jacket to dry, I noticed a pail
+covered, and full of fresh milk, "Well, you can sell me some of that
+milk, can't you?" She said, "You can have all you want for nothing." I
+thanked her and said I wish I had some meal and I could well make out.
+She said, "I will see if I can find any", and presently she returned
+with sufficient to make myself a large hoe-cake. I baked the same on an
+old shovel. While it was baking my clothes were drying on my body,
+affording a luxuriant steam bath. I had a tin cup. I drank some of the
+milk and had a plentiful repast. I handed her a quarter of a dollar to
+pay for the meal, which she accepted with some hesitancy. All at once
+the girl disappeared and left me in charge. It was most dark, when
+someone hollowed at the gate; recognizing the voices, I found them to be
+two men of my Company, viz., G. A. Tarbutton and J. A. Roberson. I met
+them and invited them in. To tell the truth, I did not much like the
+mysterious surroundings of those premises, especially as the girl asked
+me not to divulge that she let me have some meal.
+
+My comrades and self took in the situation; we conferred with one
+another and agreed to spend the night under shelter in a warm room, a
+luxury not enjoyed in some time and not to be abandoned. They had
+informed me that the Column had encamped less than a quarter of a mile
+beyond and they had returned to this place in search of some Apple Jack.
+We concluded to take it by turns, while two of us are asleep, the third
+will stand guard and keep up the fire, for the reader must know that
+notwithstanding the season, the nights were very cold in those mountain
+regions and were especially so with wet garments on.
+
+The following morning my comrades left, but before leaving we disposed
+of the milk in the pail. I remained in the hope of again seeing my
+charming hostess, and induce her to sell me some provisions for my
+journey along. I saw in the woods, some old hens scratching, and I
+thought I might persuade her to sell me one. Presently she came with a
+plate of ham, chicken and biscuits which she offered me. I accepted, and
+not wishing to embarrass her, did not ask any questions. Presently, old
+man Snider appeared. He was a fine looking specimen of manhood, had a
+ruddy complexion and appeared physically Herculean. After exchanging a
+little commonplace talk, he followed me to where the boys camped. He was
+seemingly astonished to see so many gentlemen among the so-called savage
+rebels. I asked him if he could induce his daughter to bake me a
+chicken, he answered, "I suppose I could." "What will it be worth?"
+"Half a dollar" he guessed. I gave him the money and he said he would
+bring me the chicken, which he did, and it was a fine one, well cooked.
+
+The people in that thinly populated section of the country lived a very
+primitive life, they were mostly ignorant. They did their own work, had
+plenty to live on, owned no negroes and were very kind-hearted after you
+got acquainted. They had strange notions about the Rebels, thinking we
+were terrible fellows. The original settlers of Northwestern Virginia
+were Dutch, a very simple and hard-working honest people.
+
+At about three o'clock in the afternoon, having had a long rest, we
+again took up the line of march by short stages, still under the
+guidance of one of our guides, and from that day on, we continued our
+march, passing Cheat Mountain, Allegheny Mountains, until finally we
+reached McDowell. Coming down Cheat Mountain, the boys were treated to a
+strange sight, especially those who were raised in a low country and who
+had never seen any mountains, for in those days there was not much
+traveling done, and the majority of the people did not often venture
+away from their homes.
+
+The little village of Huttensville lies just at the foot of Cheat
+Mountain, a mountain of great altitude. The houses below us did not
+appear to be larger than bird cages, but plainly in view, first to the
+right and then to the left, as the pike would tack, the mountain being
+very steep. It was a lovely day, the sun had risen in all its splendor,
+when as if by magic, our view below us was obscured by what seemed to be
+a very heavy fog, and we lost sight of the little village. Still the sun
+was shining warm, and as we were going down hill it was easy going, and
+as we approached the village, the veil that had obscured our view lifted
+itself and the people reported to have experienced one of the heaviest
+storms in their lives, the proof of which we noticed in the mud and
+washouts which were visible, while we who were above the clouds did not
+receive a single drop.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+
+At McDowell we formed a reunion with the rest of our forces, who in
+their flight made a long detour, passing through a portion of Maryland
+adjoining that part of West Virginia. The following evening we had dress
+parade and the Adjutant's report of those who were missing. The writer
+does not remember the entire casualties of that affair, but found that
+his little squad of twenty-one were all present or accounted for.
+
+My friend, Eagle, from whom we hired teams to carry us to Laurel Hill
+was present and he came to shake hands with me while we were in line; he
+was glad to see me. A general order to disband the regiment for ten days
+was read, in order to enable the men to seek the needed rest. Mr. Eagle
+came to me at once, saying, "I take care of you and your friends, the
+twenty-one that I hauled to Laurel Hill, at my house. It shall not cost
+you a cent", a most generous and acceptable offer. I called for my
+Davisboro fellows, and followed Mr. Eagle to his home, where he
+entertained us in a most substantial manner. He was a man well-to-do, an
+old bachelor. The household consisted of himself and two spinster
+sisters, all between forty and fifty years of age; and a worthy mother
+in the seventies, also a brother who was a harmless lune, roving at will
+and coming home when he pleased, a very inoffensive creature; his name
+was Chris. The mother, although for years in that country, still could
+not talk the English language. Untiringly and seemingly in the best of
+mood, they performed their duties in preparing meals for that hungry
+army. Chris got kinder mystified to see so many strangers in the house.
+He walked about the premises all day, saying, "Whoo-p-e-ee Soldiers
+fighting against the war", and no matter what you asked him, his reply
+was, "Whoo-o-p-e-ee, Soldiers fighting against the war-ha-ha-ha-ha!"
+
+At the expiration of the ten days leave, we bade our host good-bye. We
+wanted to remunerate him, at least in part, for all of his trouble in
+our behalf, but he would not receive the least remuneration, saying, "I
+am sorry I could not have done more." We rendezvoused in the town, but a
+great many were missing on account of sickness, the measles of a very
+virulent nature having broken out among the men, and many succumbed from
+the disease. We were ordered back to Monterey and went into camp. The
+measles still continued to be prevalent and two of my Davisboro comrades
+died of it, viz., John Lewis and Noah Turner, two as clever boys as ever
+were born. I felt very sad over the occurrence. Their bodies were sent
+home and they were buried at New Hope Church.
+
+General R. E. Lee, rode up one day, and we were ordered in line for
+inspection, he was riding a dapple gray horse. He looked every inch a
+soldier. His countenance had a very paternal and kind expression. He was
+clean shaven, with the exception of a heavy iron gray mustache. He
+complimented us for our soldiery bearing. He told Captain Jones that he
+never saw a finer set of men. We camped at Monterey for a month. During
+all this time, when the people at home became aware of our disaster,
+they at once went to work to make up uniforms and other kinds of wearing
+apparels. Every woman that could ply a needle exerted herself, and
+before we left Monterey for Green Brier, Major Newman, who always a
+useful and patriotic citizen, made his appearance among the boys, with
+the product of the patriotic women of Washington County. Every man was
+remembered munificently, and it is due to the good women of the county
+that we were all comfortably shod and clothed to meet the rigorous
+climate of a winter season in that wild region.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+
+While still in camps at Monterey, the Fourteenth Georgia Regiment, on
+their way to Huntersville, with a Company of our County, under command
+of Captain Bob Harmon, encamped close to us. The boys were glad to meet
+and intermingled like brothers. A day or so after we were ordered to
+move to Green Brier at the foot of the Allegheny and Cheat Mountains,
+the enemy occupying the latter, under general Reynolds.
+
+Our picket lines extended some three miles beyond our encampment, while
+the enemy's also extended to several miles beyond their encampment,
+leaving a neutral space unoccupied by either forces. Often
+reconnoitering parties would meet beyond the pickets and exchange shots,
+and often pickets were killed at their posts by an enemy slipping up
+through the bushes unaware to the victim. I always considered such as
+willful murder.
+
+It became my time to go on picket; the post assigned to me was on the
+banks of the River, three miles beyond our camps. The night before one
+of our men was shot from across the River. Usually three men were
+detailed to perform that duty, so that they can divide watch every two
+hours, one to guard and two to sleep, if such was possible. On that
+occasion the guard was doubled and six men were detailed, and while four
+lay on the ground in blankets, two were on the lookout. The post we
+picked out was under a very large oak; in our immediate rear was a corn
+field the corn of which was already appropriated by the cavalry. The
+field was surrounded by a low fence and the boys at rest lay in the
+fence corners. It was a bright starlight September night, no moon
+visible, but one could distinguish an object some distance beyond. I was
+on the watch. It was about eleven P. M., when through the still night, I
+heard foot-steps and the breaking of corn stalks. I listened intently,
+and the noise ceased. Presently I heard it again; being on the alert,
+and so was my fellow-watchman, we cautiously awoke the men who were
+happy in the arms of Morpheus, not even dreaming of any danger besetting
+their surroundings. I whispered to them to get ready quietly, that we
+heard the approach of someone walking in our front. The guns which were
+in reach beside them were firmly grasped. We listened and watched, in a
+stooping position, when the noise started again, yet a little more
+pronounced and closer. We were ready to do our duty. I became impatient
+at the delay, and not wishing to be taken by surprise, I thought I would
+surprise somebody myself, so took my musket at a trail, crept along the
+fence to reconnoiter, while my comrades kept their position. When
+suddenly appeared ahead of me a white object, apparently a shirt bosom.
+I cocked my gun, but my target disappeared, and I heard a horse
+snorting. On close inspection, I found that it was a loose horse
+grazing, and what I took for a shirt bosom was his pale face, which
+sometimes showed, when erect, then disappeared while grazing. I returned
+and reported, to the great relief of us all. Heretofore, men on guard at
+the outpost would fire their guns on hearing any unusual noise and thus
+alarming the army, which at once would put itself in readiness for
+defense, only to find out that it was a false alarm and that they were
+needlessly disturbed. Such occurrences happened too often, therefore a
+general order was read that any man that would fire his gun needlessly
+and without good cause, or could not give a good reason for doing so
+would be court-martialed and dealt with accordingly. Therefore, the
+writer was especially careful not to violate these orders.
+
+[Illustration: A Picket Shot While on Duty, Nothing Short of Murder.]
+
+At another time it became again my lot to go on vidette duty. This time
+it was three miles in the opposite direction in the rear of the camp in
+the Allegheny, in a Northwesterly direction, in a perfect wilderness, an
+undergrowth of a virgin forest. It was a very gloomy evening the clouds
+being low. A continual mist was falling. It was in the latter part of
+September. We were placed in a depressed piece of ground surrounded by
+mountains. The detail consisted of Walker Knight, Alfred Barnes and
+myself. Corporal Renfroe, whose duty was to place us in position, gave
+us the following instructions and returned to camp: "Divide your time as
+usual, no fire allowed, shoot anyone approaching without challenge."
+Night was falling fast, and in a short while there was Egyptian
+darkness. We could not even see our hands before our eyes. There was a
+small spruce pine, the stem about five inches in diameter, with its
+limbs just above our heads. We placed ourselves under it as a protection
+from the mist, and in case it would rain. All at once, we heard a
+terrible yell, just such as a wild cat might send forth, only many times
+louder. This was answered it seemed like, from every direction. Barnes
+remarked "What in the world is that?" I said, "Panthers, it looks like
+the woods are full of them." The panthers, from what we learned from
+inhabitants are dangerous animals, and often attack man, being a feline
+species, they can see in the dark. I said, "There is no sleep for us,
+let us form a triangle, back to back against this tree, so in case of an
+attack, we are facing in every direction." Not being able to see, our
+guns and bayonets were useless, and we took our pocket knives in hand in
+case of an attack at close quarters. The noise of these beasts kept up a
+regular chorus all night long, and we would have preferred to meet a
+regiment of the enemy than to be placed in such a position. We were all
+young and inexperienced. I was the oldest, and not more than
+twenty-three years old. Walker Knight said, "Boys, I can't stand it any
+longer, I am going back to camp." I said, "Walker, would you leave your
+post to be court-martialed, and reported as a coward? Then, you would
+not find the way back, this dark night, and be torn up before you would
+get there. Here, we can protect each other." Occasionally we heard dry
+limbs on the ground, crack, as if someone walking on them. This was
+rather close quarters to be comfortable, especially when one could not
+see at all. There we stood, not a word was spoken above a whisper, when
+we heard a regular snarl close by, then Barnes said, "What is that?" I
+said, "I expect it is a bear." All this conversation was in the lowest
+whisper; to tell the truth, it was the worst night I ever passed, and my
+friend Knight, even now says that he could feel his hair on his head
+stand straight up.
+
+My dear reader, don't you believe we were glad when day broke on us? It
+was seemingly the longest night I ever spent, and so say my two
+comrades.
+
+The country from Monterey to Cheat Mountain was not inhabited, with the
+exception of a tavern on top of the Allegheny, where travelers might
+find refreshments for man and beast. The enemy often harassed us with
+scouting parties, and attacking isolated posts. To check these
+maneuvres, we did the same; so one evening, Lieutenant Dawson of the
+Twelfth Georgia Regiment, Captain Willis Hawkins' Company from Sumter
+County, and which regiment formed a contingent part of our forces at
+Green Brier River, came to me saying, "Hermann, I want you tonight." He
+was a fearless scout, a kind of warfare that suited his taste, and he
+always called on me on such occasions. And after my last picket
+experience, I was only too willing to go with him, as it relieved me
+from army duty the day following, and I preferred that kind of
+excitement to standing guard duty.
+
+We left at dark, and marched about four miles, towards the enemy's camp
+to Cheat River, a rather narrow stream to be a river. A wooden bridge
+spanned the stream. We halted this side. On our right was a steep
+mountain, the turn pike or road rounded it nearly at its base. The
+mountain side was covered with flat loose rocks of all sizes, averaging
+all kinds of thickness. By standing some on their edge, and propping
+them with another rock, afforded fine protection against minnie balls.
+In this manner we placed ourselves in position behind this improvised
+breastworks.
+
+The mot d'ordre was not to fire until the command was given. We were ten
+in number, and the understanding was to fire as we lay, so as to hit as
+many as possible. At about ten o'clock P. M. we heard the enemy crossing
+the bridge, their horses's hoofs were muffled so as to make a noiseless
+crossing, and take our pickets by surprise. They came within fifty yards
+of us and halted in Column. Lieutenant Dawson commanded the man next to
+him to pass it up the line to make ready to shoot, when he commanded in
+a loud voice, "Fire!" Instantly, as per one crack of a musket, all of us
+fired, and consternation reigned among the enemy's ranks; those that
+could get away stampeded across the bridge. We did not leave our
+position until day. When we saw the way was clear, we gathered them up,
+took care of the wounded and buried the dead--several of our shots were
+effective. On the 3rd of October, they made an attack on us in full
+force, and while they drove in our pickets, we had ample time to prepare
+to give them a warm reception.
+
+The following is a description of the battle ground and a description of
+our forces:
+
+On the extreme right, in an open meadow, not far from the banks of the
+river, was the First Georgia Regiment, lying flat on the grass; to the
+immediate left and rear was a battery of four guns, on a mount
+immediately confronting the turn pike, and fortified by breastworks, and
+supported by the Forty-fourth Virginia Regiment, commanded by Colonel
+Scott; further to left, across the road was a masked battery, with
+abatis in front, Captain Anderson commanding, and supported by the Third
+Arkansas Regiment and the Twelfth Georgia Regiment, commanded by
+Colonels Rusk and Johnston respectively. As the enemy came down the
+turn pike, the battery on our left, commanding that position, opened on
+them, the enemy from across the river responded with alacrity, and there
+was a regular artillery duel continuously. Their infantry filed to their
+left, extending their line beyond that of the First Georgia, they
+followed the edge of the stream at the foot of the mountain. We detached
+two Companies from the Regiment further to our right, to extend our
+line. They were not more than two hundred yards in front. The balance of
+the regiment lay low in its position; the order was to shoot low, and
+not before we could see the white of their eyes.
+
+The enemy would fire on us continually, but the balls went over us and
+did no damage. While maneuvring thus on our right, they made a vigorous
+attack on Anderson's battery, but were repulsed with heavy loss. Late in
+the afternoon they withdrew. Our casualties were very small, and that of
+the enemy considerable.
+
+Colonel Ramsey, who, early that morning went out on an inspection tour,
+dismounted for some cause, his horse came into camp without a rider, and
+we gave him up for lost, but later, a little before dark, he came in
+camp, to the great rejoicing of the regiment, for we all loved him.
+General Henry R. Jackson was our commander at that time, and soon
+afterwards was transferred South.
+
+The enemy had all the advantage by the superiority of their arms, while
+ours were muzzle loaders, carrying balls but a very short distance;
+theirs were long range, hence we could not reach them only at close
+quarters. A very amusing instant was had during their desultory firing.
+The air was full of a strange noise; it did not sound like the hiss of a
+minnie-ball, nor like that of a cannon ball. It was clearly audible all
+along the line of the First Georgia; the boys could not help tucking
+their heads. The next day some of the men picked up a ram rod at the
+base of a tree where it struck broadside, and curved into a half circle.
+It was unlike any we had, and undoubtedly the fellow forgot to draw it
+out of the gun, fired it at us, and this was the strange sound we heard
+which made us dodge. A few nights later, a very dark night, we sent out
+a strong detachment, under Command of Colonel Talliaferro to cut off
+their pickets, which extended to Slavins Cabin (an old abandoned log
+house). To cross the river we put wagons in the run; a twelve inch plank
+connected the wagons and served as a bridge. On the other side of the
+river was a torch bearer, holding his torch so that the men could see
+how to cross. The torch blinded me, and instead of looking ahead, I
+looked down. It seemed that the men with the torch shifted the light,
+casting the shadow of a connecting plank to the right, when instead of
+stepping on the plank, I stepped on the shadow, and down in the water I
+went (rather a cold bath in October) and before morning, my clothing was
+actually frozen. In crossing Cheat River Bridge, the road tacked to the
+left, making a sudden turn, which ran parallel with the same road under
+it. The head of the column having reached there, the rear thinking them
+to be enemies, fired into them. Haply no one was hurt before the mistake
+was discovered, but the enemy got notice of our approach by the firing,
+and had withdrawn, so the expedition was for naught. We were back in
+camp about eight o'clock the following morning.
+
+At the latter end of the month Colonel Edward Johnson concluded to
+attack General Reynolds in his stronghold on Cheat Mountain.
+
+The Third Arkansas Regiment, under command of Colonel Rusk, was detached
+and sent to the rear, taking a long detour a couple of days ahead, and
+making demonstrations, while the main force would attack them in front.
+Colonel Rusk was to give the signal for attack. Early in the night we
+sent out a large scouting party to attack their pickets, and drive them
+in. Lieutenant Dawson was in command. Early that day we started with all
+the forces up Cheat Mountain, a march of twelve miles. During the
+progress of our march the advance guard having performed what was
+assigned them to do, returned by a settlement road running parallel with
+the turn pike for some distance, when of a sudden, balls were hissing
+among us and some of the men were hit. The fire was returned at once,
+and flanker drawn out whose duty it was to march on the flank of the
+column, some twenty paces by its side, keeping a sharp lookout. I
+mistook the order, and went down into the woods as a scout, the firing
+still going on, and I was caught between them both. I hugged close to
+the ground keeping a sharp lookout to my right. When I recognized the
+Company's uniform, and some of my own men, I hollowed at them to stop
+firing, that they were shooting our own men, when they hollowed, "Hurrah
+for Jeff Davis," when from above, Colonel Johnson responded, "Damn lies,
+boys, pop it to them," when Weaver Jones stuck a white handkerchief on
+his bayonet and the firing ceased. Sergeant P. R. Talliaferro was hit
+in the breast by a spent ball. Weaver had a lock of his hair just above
+his ear cut off as though it had been shaved off. One man was wounded
+and bled to death, another was wounded and recovered. Such mistakes
+happened often in our lines for the lack of sound military knowledge.
+
+The man that bled to death was from the Dahlonega Guards. He said while
+dying, that he would not mind being killed by an enemy's bullet, but to
+be killed by his own friends is too bad. Everything was done that could
+be done for the poor fellow, but of no avail.
+
+The column advanced to a plateau, overlooking the enemy's camp. We
+placed our guns in battery, waiting for the Rusk signal, which was never
+given; we waited until four o'clock P. M. and retraced our steps without
+firing a gun. We saw their lines of fortification and their flags flying
+from a bastion, but not a soul was visible. We thought Reynolds had
+given us the slip and that we would find him in our rear and in our camp
+before we could get back, so we double quicked at a fox trot, until we
+reached our quarters in the early part of the night.
+
+Colonel Rusk came in two days afterward, and reported that his venture
+was impracticable. Cold winter was approaching with rapid strides and
+rations were not to the entire satisfaction of our men. The beef that
+was issued to us, although very fine, had become a monotonous diet, and
+the men longed for something else, they had become satiated with it, so
+I proposed to Captain Jones that if he would report me accounted for in
+his report, that I would go over to Monterey and McDowell on a foraging
+expedition, and bring provisions for the Company. He said he would, but
+I must not get him into trouble, for the orders were that no permits be
+issued for anyone to leave camp and that all passes, if any be issued,
+must be countersigned by Captain Anderson, who was appointed Commander
+of the post. We still were without tents for they were captured by the
+enemy at Carricks Ford, and we sheltered ourselves the best we could
+with the blankets we had received from home. The snow had fallen during
+the night to the depth of eight inches, and it was a strange sight to
+see the whole camp snowed under, (literally speaking). When morning
+approached, the writer while not asleep, was not entirely aroused. He
+lay there under his blanket, a gentle perspiration was oozing from every
+pore of his skin, when suddenly, he aroused himself, and rose up. Not a
+man was to be seen, the hillocks of snow, however, showed where they
+lay, so I hollowed, "look at the snow." Like jumping out of the graves,
+the men pounced up in a jiffy, they were wrestling and snowballing and
+rubbing each other with it. After having performed all the duties
+devolving upon me that afternoon, I started up the Allegheny where some
+members of my Company with others, were detailed, building winter
+quarters. Every carpenter in the whole command was detailed for that
+purpose.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+
+When some three miles beyond camps, I noted a little smoke arising as I
+approached. I noted that it was the outpost. My cap was covered with an
+oil cloth, and I had an overcoat with a cape, such as officers wore;
+hence the guard could not tell whether I was a private, corporal or a
+general. I noticed that they had seen me approach. One of them advanced
+to the road to challenge me, but I spoke first. I knew it was against
+the orders to have a fire at the outpost on vidette duty so I said, "Who
+told you to have a fire? Put out that fire, sirs, don't you know it is
+strictly prohibited?"--"What is your name--what Company do you belong
+to, and what is your regiment?" all of which was answered. I took my
+little note book and pencil, and made an entry, or at least made a bluff
+in this direction, and said, "You'll hear from me again." I had the poor
+fellow scared pretty badly, and they never even made any demand on me to
+find out who I was. They belonged to Colonel Scott's regiments. The
+bluff worked like a charm, and I marched on. When about six miles from
+camp, I was pretty tired, walking in the snow and up-hill. I saw
+General Henry R. Jackson, and Major B. L. Blum, coming along in a
+jersey wagon. The General asked me where I was going,--it was my time to
+get a little scared. I answered that I was going on top the Allegheny
+where they built winter quarters. "Get in the wagon, you can ride, we
+are going that way." I thanked them; undoubtedly the General thought
+that I was detailed to go there and to assist in that work. This is the
+last I saw of General Jackson in that country.
+
+Among the men I found Tom Tyson, Richard Hines, William Roberson
+(surnamed "Crusoe"). I spent the night with them in a cabin they had
+built and the following morning I took an early start down the mountain
+toward Monterey. It had continued to snow all the night and it lay to
+the depth of twelve inches. I could only follow the road by the opening
+distance of the tree tops, and which sometimes was misleading. I passed
+the half-way house, known as the tavern, about 9 o'clock A. M. Four
+hundred yards beyond, going in an oblique direction at an angle of about
+45 degrees, I saw a large bear going through the woods; he was a fine
+specimen, his fur was as black as coal. I approximate his size as about
+between three hundred and four hundred pounds. He turned his head and
+looked at me and stopped. I at once halted, bringing my musket to a
+trail. I was afraid to fire for fear of missing my mark, my musket being
+inaccurate, so I reserved my fire for closer quarters, the bear being at
+least fifty yards from me, and he followed his course in a walk. I was
+surprised and said to myself,--"Old fellow, if you let me alone, I
+surely will not bother you."
+
+I watched him 'till he was out of my sight. My reason for not shooting
+him was two-fold; first, I was afraid I might miss him, and my gun being
+a muzzle loader, the distance between us was too short, and he would
+have been on me before I could have reloaded, so I reserved my fire,
+expecting to get in closer proximity. I was agreeably surprised when he
+continued his journey. When I came to Monterey that afternoon, I told
+some of its citizens what a narrow escape I had. They smiled and said
+"Bears seldom attack human, unless in very great extremities, but I did
+well not to have shot unless I was sure that I would have killed him,
+for a wounded bear would stop the flow of blood with his fur, by tapping
+himself on the wound, and face his antagonist, and I could have been
+sure he would have gotten the best of me."
+
+From Monterey I went over to McDowell, fourteen miles, to see my friend
+Eagle and his brother-in-law, Sanders, he that made the twelve Yankees
+run by running in front of them. I stated my business and invoked their
+assistance, which they cheerfully extended. In about three days, we had
+about as much as a four horse team could pull.
+
+Provisions sold cheap. One could buy a fine turkey for fifty cents, a
+chicken for fifteen to twenty cents, butter twelve and one-half cents
+and everything else in proportion. Apples were given me for the
+gathering of them. Bacon and hams for seven to eight cents per pound,
+the finest cured I ever tasted.
+
+The people in these regions lived bountifully, and always had an
+abundance to spare. Mr. Eagle furnished the team and accompanied me to
+camp, free of charge. Money was a scarce article at that time among the
+boys; the government was several months in arrear with our pay, but we
+expected to be paid off daily, so Mr. Eagle said he would be responsible
+to the parties that furnished the provisions, and the Company could pay
+him when we got our money; he was one of the most liberal and patriotic
+men that it was my pleasure to meet during the war.
+
+Four days later, Captain Jones received our money. I kept a record of
+all the provisions furnished to each man, and the captain deducted the
+amount from each. I wrote Eagle to come up and get his money; he came,
+and received every cent that was due him.
+
+But I must not omit an incident that occurred when near our camp with
+the load of provisions. I had to pass hard by the Twelfth Georgia
+Regiment, which was camped on the side of the turn pike, when some of the
+men who were as anxious for a change of diet as we were, came to me and
+proposed to buy some of my provisions. I stated that they were sold and
+belonged to Company E, First Regiment, and that I could not dispose of
+them. Some Smart-Aleks, such as one may find among any gathering of men,
+proposed to charge the wagon and appropriate its contents by force.
+Seeing trouble ahead, I drew my pistol, when about a dozen men ran out
+with their guns. Eagle turned pale, he thought his time had come, when a
+Lieutenant interfered, asking the cause of the disturbance, which I
+stated. He said, "Men, none of that, back with those guns." He mounted
+the wagon and accompanied us to my camp, which was a few hundred yards
+beyond.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+
+Once later, I was called out for fatigue duty. I said, "Corporal, what
+is to be done?" He answered, "To cut wood for the blacksmith shop." I
+replied, "You had better get someone else who knows how, I never cut a
+stick in my life," he said, "You are not too old to learn how." This was
+conclusive, so he furnished me with an axe, and we marched into the
+woods, and he said he would be back directly with a wagon to get the
+wood and he left me. I was looking about me to find a tree, not too
+large, one that I thought I could manage. I spied a sugar maple about
+eight inches in diameter. I sent my axe into it, but did not take my cut
+large enough to reach the center, when it came down to a feather edge
+and I did not have judgment enough to know how to enlarge my cut by
+cutting from above, so I started a new cut from the right, another from
+the left, bringing the center to a pivot of about three inches in
+diameter, as solid as the Rock of Gibraltar; finally, by continuous
+hacking, I brought it to a point where I could push it back and forth.
+The momentum finally broke the center, but in place of falling, the top
+lodged in a neighboring tree, and I could not dislodge it. I worked
+hard, the perspiration ran down my face, my hands were lacerated, I
+finally got mad, and sent the axe a-glimmering, and it slid under the
+snow. After awhile my corporal came for the wood; "Where is the wood?" I
+showed him the tree; "Is that all you have done?" I could not restrain
+any longer, I said, "Confound you, I told you I did not know anything
+about cutting wood." "Where is the axe?" We looked everywhere but could
+not find it; it must have slid under the snow and left no trace, so he
+arrested me and conducted me before Colonel Edward Johnson, a West
+Pointer, in command of the post. He was at his desk writing; turning to
+face us, he addressed himself to me, who stood there, cap in hand, while
+the Corporal stood there with his kept on his head. "What can I do for
+you?" I said, looking at the Corporal. "He has me under arrest and
+brought me here." Looking at the corporal the Colonel said, "Pull off
+your hat, sir, when you enter officers' quarters." (I would not have
+taken a dollar for that). The Corporal pulled off his cap. "What have
+you arrested him for?" The Corporal answered that I was regularly
+detailed to cut wood for the blacksmith shop, and that I failed to do my
+duty, and lost the axe he furnished me. "Why did you not cut the wood?"
+said the Colonel. "I tried," said I, "I told him that I had never cut
+any wood and did not know how; where I came from there are no woods.
+Look at my hands." They were badly blistered and lacerated. The Colonel
+cursed out the Corporal as an imbecile, for not getting someone who was
+used to such work. I told the Colonel how hard I had tried and what I
+had done. The Colonel smiled and said, "What did you do with the axe?";
+"When the tree lodged and I could not budge it, I got mad and made a
+swing or two with the axe, and let her slide; it must have slid under
+the snow, and we could not find it." "What have you done for a living?"
+"After I quit school, I clerked in a store." "Can you write?" "Oh, yes!"
+"Let me see." "My hand is too sore and hurt now." "Well, come around
+tomorrow, I may get you a job here."
+
+Next day I called at his quarters, and he put me to copying some
+documents and reports, which I did to his satisfaction. I had warm
+quarters and was relieved from camp duties for a little while.
+
+This brings us to about the middle of December, and we were ordered to
+Winchester. Colonel Johnson with his Regiment and a small force, was
+left in charge of the Winter Quarters on the Allegheny, so I took leave
+of him to join my Company.
+
+Colonel Johnson, while a little brusk in his demeanor, was a clever,
+social gentleman, and a good fighter, which he proved to be when the
+enemy made a night descent on him and took him by surprise. He rallied
+his men, barefooted in the snow, knee-deep, thrashed out the enemy and
+held the fort; he was promoted to General and was afterwards known as
+the Allegheny Johnson.
+
+My Command having preceded me, I went to Staunton, where I met J. T.
+Youngblood, Robert Parnelle and others from my Company. I also met
+Lieutenant B. D. Evans of my Company, just returned from a visit from
+home. We took the stage coach from Stanton to Winchester through Kanawah
+Valley. We passed Woodstock, Strasburg, New Market, Middletown, and
+arrived at Winchester in due time. General T. J. Jackson in command, we
+had a splendid camp about a mile to the left of the city. The weather
+had greatly moderated and the snow was melting. The regiment had
+received tents to which we built chimneys with flat rocks that were
+abundant all around us. The flour barrels served as chimney stacks, and
+we were comfortable; rations were also good and plentiful, but hardly
+were we installed when we received orders to strike camps. The men were
+greatly disappointed; we expected to be permitted to spend winter there.
+We took up the line of march late in the evening, marched all night and
+struck Bath early in the morning, took the enemy by surprise while they
+were fixing their morning meal, which they left, and the boys regaled
+themselves. The Commissary and Quartermaster also left a good supply
+behind in their rapid flight, and we appropriated many provisions,
+shoes, blankets and overcoats; from Bath we marched to Hancock, whipped
+out a small force of the enemy, and continued our force to Romney where
+we struck camps. Romney is a small town situated on the other side of
+the Potomac River. General Jackson demanded the surrender of the place,
+the enemy refused, so he ordered the non-combatants to leave, as he
+would bombard the town. Bringing up a large cannon which we called "Long
+Tom" owing to its size, he fired one round and ordered us to fall back.
+All this was during Christmas week.
+
+On our return it turned very cold and sleeted; the road became slick
+and frozen, and not being prepared for the emergency, I saw mules,
+horses and men take some of the hardest falls, as we retraced our steps,
+the road being down grade. This short campaign was a success and
+accomplished all it intended from a military standpoint, although we
+lost many men from exposure; pneumonia was prevalent among many of our
+men. We have now returned to Winchester. The writer himself, at that
+time, thought that this campaign was at a great sacrifice of lives from
+hardships and exposures, but later on, learned that it was intended as a
+check to enable General Lee in handling his forces against an
+overwhelming force of the enemy, and being still reinforced and whose
+battle cry still was "On to Richmond." It was for this reason that
+General "Stonewall" Jackson threatened Washington via Romney and the
+enemy had to recall their reinforcements intended against General Lee to
+protect Washington.
+
+The men from the Southern States were not used to such rigorous climate
+and many of our men had to succumb from exposure. My Company lost three
+men from pneumonia, viz:--Sam and Richard Hines, two splendid soldiers,
+and brothers, and Lorenzo Medlock. The writer also was incapacitated.
+There were no preparations in Winchester for such contingencies, so the
+churches were used as hospitals. The men were packed in the pews wrapped
+in their blankets, others were lying on the nasty humid floor, for it
+must be remembered that the streets in Winchester were perfect lobbies
+of dirt and snow tramped over by men, horses and vehicles. While there
+in that condition I had the good fortune to be noted by one of my
+regiment, he was tall and of herculean form, his name was Griswold, and
+while he and myself on a previous occasion had some misunderstanding and
+therefore not on speaking terms, he came to me and extended his hand,
+saying: "Let us be friends, we have hard times enough without adding to
+it." I was too sick to talk, but extended my hand, in token of having
+buried the hatchet. He asked me if he could do anything for me. I shook
+my head and shut my eyes. I was very weak. When I opened them he was
+gone. During the day he returned, saying: "I found a better place for
+you at a private house." He wrapped me in my blanket and carried me on
+his shoulders a distance of over three blocks. Mrs. Mandelbawm, the lady
+of the house, had a nice comfortable room prepared for me, and Griswold
+waited on me like a brother, he was a powerful man, but very overbearing
+at times, but had a good heart. Mr. Mandelbawm sent their family
+physician, who prescribed for me. He pronounced me very sick, he did not
+know how it might terminate. It took all his efforts and my
+determination to get well after three weeks struggling to accomplish
+this end. My friend came to see me daily when off duty.
+
+The regiment's term of enlistment will soon have expired, for we only
+enlisted for one year. The regiment received marching order, not being
+strong enough for duty. Through the recommendation of my doctor and
+regimental color, I was discharged and sent home. The regiment had been
+ordered to Tennessee, but owing to a wreck on the road they were
+disbanded at Petersburg, Va., and the boys arrived home ten days later
+than I.
+
+In getting my transportation the Quartermaster asked me to deliver a
+package to General Beaureguard as I would pass via Manassas Junction.
+When I arrived I inquired for his quarters, when I was informed that he
+had left for Centreville, I followed to that place, when I was told he
+had left for Richmond. Arriving at Richmond I went at once to the
+Executive Department in quest of him and should I fail to find him,
+would leave my package there, which I did. This was on Saturday evening,
+I had not a copper in money with me, but I had my pay roll; going at
+once to the Treasury Department, to my utter consternation, I found it
+closed. A very affable gentlemen informed me that the office was closed
+until Monday morning. I said, "What am I to do, I have not a cent of
+money in my pocket and no baggage," for at that time hotels had adopted
+a rule that guests without baggage would have to pay in advance. I
+remarked that I could not stay out in the streets, so the gentleman
+pulled a $10.00 bill out of his pocket and handed it to me saying, "Will
+that do you until Monday morning, 8 o'clock? When the office will be
+open, everything will be all right." I thanked him very kindly. Monday I
+presented my bill which was over six months in arrears. They paid it at
+once in Alabama State bills, a twenty-five cent silver and two cents
+coppers. I did not question the correctness of their calculation. I took
+the money and went in quest of my friend who so kindly advanced me the
+$10.00. I found him sitting at a desk. He was very busy. I handed him a
+$10.00 bill and again thanked him for his kindness; he refused it
+saying: "Never mind, you are a long ways from home and may need it." I
+replied that I had enough to make out without it, I said that I
+appreciated it, but didn't like to take presents from strangers; he
+said, "We are no strangers, my name is Juda P. Benjamin." Mr. Benjamin
+was at that time Secretary of the Treasury of the Confederate States. He
+was an eminent lawyer from the State of Louisiana, he became later on
+Secretary of War, and when Lee surrendered he escaped to England to
+avoid the wrath of the Federal Officials who offered a premium for his
+capture. He became Queen's Consul in England and his reputation became
+international. No American who was stranded ever appealed to him in
+vain, especially those from the South. It is said of him that he gave
+away fortunes in charity.
+
+I came back to Georgia among my friends who were proud to see me. Having
+no near relations, such as father or mother, sisters or brothers to
+welcome me, as had my comrades, my friends all over the County took
+pride in performing that duty, and thus ended my first year's experience
+as a soldier in the war between the States.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+
+Notwithstanding the arduous campaign and severe hardships endured during
+my first year's service, I did not feel the least depressed in spirit or
+patriotism. On the contrary the arms of the Confederacy in the main had
+proven themselves very successful in repelling the enemy's attacks and
+forcing that government continually to call new levees to crush our
+forces in the field.
+
+Those measures on the part of our adversaries appealed to every patriot
+at home and regardless of hardships already endured. Hence the First
+Georgia Regiment although disbanded as an organization, the rank and
+file had sufficient pluck to re-enter the service for the period of the
+war regardless as to how long it might last. Possessing some hard
+endured experience, many of them organized commands of their own, or
+joined other commands as subalterns or commissioned officers.
+
+The following is a roll of promotion from the members of the Washington
+Rifles as first organized.--See Appendix D.
+
+The foregoing record proves that the Washington Rifles were composed of
+men capable of handling forces and that it had furnished men and
+officers in every branch of service in the Confederate States Army, and
+had been active after their return home from their first year's
+experience in raising no little army themselves, and what I have
+recorded of the Washington Rifles may be written of every Company
+composing the First Georgia Regiment.
+
+The State of Georgia furnished more men than any other State, and
+Washington County furnished more Companies than any other County in the
+State.
+
+Such men cannot be denominated as rebels or traitors, epithets that our
+enemies would fain have heaped upon us. If the true history of the
+United States as written before the war and adopted in every
+school-house in the land, North, South, East and West, did not
+demonstrate them as patriots, ready and willing to sacrifice all but
+honor on the altar of their country.
+
+On the first of May, 1862, Sergeant E. P. Howell came to me saying:
+"Herman, how would you like to help me make up an artillery Company? I
+have a relative in South Carolina who is a West Pointer and understands
+that branch of the service. The Yankees are making tremendous efforts
+for new levees and we, of the South, have to meet them." "All right,"
+said I, "I am tired after my experience with infantry, having gone
+through with 'Stonewall's' foot cavalry in his Romney campaign." The
+following day we made a tour in the neighborhood and enlisted a few of
+our old comrades in our enterprise. We put a notice in the Herald, a
+weekly paper edited by J. M. G. Medlock, that on the 10th day of May we
+would meet in Sandersville for organization, and then and there we
+formed an artillery Company that was to be known as the Sam Robinson
+Artillery Company, in honor of an old and venerable citizen of our
+County.
+
+General Robinson, in appreciation of our having named the Company in his
+honor presented the organization with $1,000.00, which money was applied
+in uniforming us.
+
+The following members formed the composite of said Company, and Robert
+Martin, known as "Bob Martin" from Barnwell, S. C., was elected Captain.
+See appendix E.
+
+The writer was appointed bugler with rank of Sergeant.
+
+That night after supper, it being moon-light, Mr. A. J. Linville a North
+Carolinian, a school teacher boarding at my lodging proposed to me as I
+performed on the flute, he being a violinist, to have some music on the
+water. He then explained that water is a conductor of sound and that
+one could hear playing on it for a long distance and music would sound a
+great deal sweeter and more melodious than on land. The Ogeechee River
+ran within a couple of hundred yards from the house. There was on the
+bank and close to the bridge a party of gentlemen fishing, having a
+large camp fire and prepared to have a fish-fry, so Linville and myself
+took a boat that was moored above the bridge and quietly, unbeknown to
+anybody paddled about 1¼ mile up stream, expecting to float down with
+the current. Although it was the month of May the night was chilly
+enough for an overcoat. Linville and myself struck up a tune, allowing
+the boat to float along with the current, the oar laying across my lap.
+Everything was lovely, the moon was shining bright and I enjoyed the
+novelty of the surroundings and the music, when an over-hanging limb of
+a tree struck me on the neck. Wishing to disengage myself, I gave it a
+shove, and away went the boat from under me and I fell backwards into
+the stream in 12 feet of water. To gain the surface I had to do some
+hard kicking, my boots having filled with water and my heavy overcoat
+kept me weighted down.
+
+When reaching the surface after a hard struggle my first observation was
+for the boat which was about 50 yards below, Linville swinging to a
+limb. I called him to meet me, and he replied that he had no oar, that I
+kicked it out of the boat. The banks on each side were steep and my
+effecting a landing was rather slim. I spied a small bush half-way up
+the embankment, I made for it perfectly exhausted, I grabbed it, the
+bank was too steep and slippery to enable me to land, so I held on and
+rested and managed to disembarrass myself of the overcoat and told
+Linville to hold on, that I was coming. I could not get my boots off, so
+I made an extra effort to reach him anyhow, as the current would assist
+me by being in my favor, so I launched off. I reached the boat perfectly
+worn out. I do not think I could have made another stroke. After a
+little breathing spell and by a tremendous effort I hoisted myself into
+the boat, but not before it dipped some water.
+
+On our way I picked up my discarded overcoat and a piece of a limb which
+served as a rudder to guide the boat to a successful landing, and thus
+ended the music on the water.
+
+We went to the house, changed our clothes and returned, mingling with
+the fishermen and kept all the fun we had to ourselves. They all made a
+fine catch and there was fish a plenty for all. Linville and myself
+enjoyed the repast, as the physical exercise we had just undergone
+sharpened our appetite.
+
+A few days later we rendezvoused at Sandersville, and the Company left
+for Savannah, our camp of instruction. Under the tuition of Jacobi,
+leader of the band of the 32nd Georgia, W. H. Harrison's Regiment, I
+soon learned all the calls and commands.
+
+While thus engaged the Company had a gross misunderstanding with Capt.
+Martin, who, before coming in contact with the members of his command,
+was an entire stranger to them. Most all were ignorant of military
+duties, but strictly honest and patriotic citizens. Capt. Martin was a
+strict disciplinarian and putting the screws on rather a little too
+tight placed him into disfavor with the men, who petitioned him to
+resign, otherwise they would prefer charges against him. Thus matters
+stood when I returned to camp. Martin was tried before a board and
+exonorated. To revenge himself upon those who were active in his
+persecution he reduced those that were non-commissioned officers to
+ranks and appointed others in their stead; and to make matters more
+galling, appointed a substitute, a mercenary as orderly Sergeant over a
+Company of volunteers, who solely served their country through
+patriotism. Ned Irwin, when elevated to the position he was, proved
+himself a worthy tool in the hand of his promoter. Men could not express
+an opinion on hardly any subject without being reported, he would sneak
+about in the dark, crouch behind a tent evesdropping and make report as
+unfavorably as he could to bring the individual into disfavor. He made
+himself so obnoxious that he did not have a friend in the whole Company,
+and when he died at Yazoo City, you could hear freely expressed the
+following sentiment: "Poor old Ned is dead, thank God this saves some
+good men of having to kill him."
+
+When I returned to camp I presented myself before Capt. Martin who
+examined me as to my proficiency as a bugler. I said, "Captain, there
+has been quite some changes made since I have been away," he said, "Yes,
+the men have accused me of speculating on their rations." I said I was
+very sorry that such a state of affairs existed among officers and men,
+where harmony ought to prevail; he said he insisted that those charges
+be substantiated and demanded a court martial, who on hearing the facts
+cleared him of any criminality, so he punished the leaders of the gang
+by reducing them to ranks.
+
+Capt. Martin, however, proved himself a capable officer in handling
+artillery and the men finally came to love him on account of his
+efficiency and fairness.
+
+While in camp of instructions in Savannah, the Government furnished us
+with six brass pieces (2 Howitzer and 4 Napoleon) with the necessary
+accoutrement and horses and we were ordered to Bryan County in support
+of Fort McAllister. We went into camp by the side of the Ogeechee River,
+about three miles this side of the Fort, which camp we named "Camp
+McAllister." The fort was an earth structure, strongly constructed with
+redoubts and parapets. The magazine underground was strongly protected
+by heavy timbers, and so was what we called bomb-proof, for the men not
+actually engaged, but who were ready to relieve those who were, or
+became disabled under fire and exposure, and compelled to be at their
+post of duty. Short reliefs were necessary, for it is hard work to
+manage heavy seige guns, but the heaviest in that fort were only of
+forty-two caliber. For some time nothing of importance worth to
+chronicle happened; the boys attended to their regular camp life duty,
+roll calls and drills; those off duty went fishing along the river
+banks.
+
+The country surrounding was low, flat, marshy and replete with malarial
+fever, so that we had to remove our camp several miles further up the
+river, but still within close call of the fort. This new camp was called
+"Camp Arnold," in honor of Doctor Arnold, on whose land we stationed.
+One morning I was ordered to blow the call, only one man, Sergeant Cox,
+reported. All the rest of the command were down with chills and fever.
+There was no quinine to be had, owing to the blockade, such medicines
+being considered by our adversaries as contraband of war. Men tried
+every remedy possible, even drank cottonseed tea, at the suggestion of a
+country physician by the name of Dr. Turner, who pronounced it as a good
+substitute (it was in taste if not in efficiency). The writer was also
+stricken with the disease, and was sent to Whitesville Hospital, about
+thirty miles from Savannah on the Central of Georgia Railroad. Dr.
+Whitehead was in charge of the same, and Madam Cazzier and her daughter
+from New Orleans were matrons. During my fever spells I would rave
+sometimes and not having been in this country over three years in all,
+my friends predominated over the English language. Madam Cazzier, who
+spoke French also, took a great interest in me; in fact, she was
+strictly interested in all the patients, but she seemed to be a little
+partial to myself, and spent some time by my bedside when the fever was
+off, and would tell me what I said during my delirium. She nursed me and
+devoted on me a motherly care, for which I shall always remain thankful.
+My recuperation was rapid, and I soon felt myself again.
+
+One morning it was announced that General Mercer of Savannah, and the
+Board of Inspectors were to come on a round of inspection, when we heard
+heavy firing, the sounds coming from the east. Presently we heard that
+the enemy with a large fleet was attacking Fort McAllister. General
+Mercer and his Board had come up from Savannah on a special train. He
+called for all convalescent, able to fight to volunteer to go to the
+front. I presented myself; I was the only one. We cut loose the
+locomotive and one car and went flying to Savannah at the rate of a mile
+a minute, crossed the City in a buss at full speed to the Gulf Depot,
+now known as the S. F. & W., just in time to board the train to Way
+Station, twelve miles from Savannah. An ambulance carried us to the
+Fort; the whole distance from the hospital to the Fort was about
+fifty-two miles. We changed conveyances three times and arrived at
+destination in less than two hours. Capt. Martin was in charge of a
+Mortar Detachment, so I reported to him for duty, but my place had been
+taken, and the detachment was complete, hence he had no use for me. I
+learned that Major Galley, the Commander of the Fort, had been killed by
+the first shot from the enemy's guns, which penetrated a sixteen foot
+embankment, knocked off the left hand trunnion of a thirty-two pounder,
+and struck the Major above the ear, and took off the top of his head, so
+Captain Anderson, of the Savannah Blues, took command. Captain Martin
+sent me up the River to a band about half a mile to the rear, which
+position placed me at a triangle point to the Fort and the gun boats. I
+was instructed to notice the effect of our shots on the enemy's boats. I
+kept tally sheets as to the hits between the belligerent points. From my
+observation I counted seventy-five hits by the guns of the Fort, and one
+hundred and seventy-five hits by those of the boats, which raised a
+cloud of dust equal to an explosion of a mine. Their caliber being three
+hundred and seventy-five pounders, and fifteen inches in diameter, while
+our shots merely made a bright spot where they struck the heavy
+armoured vessels and ricochet beyond. While thus observing I noted a
+strange move of one of the boats, suddenly I saw an immense flash, and a
+splash in the river a couple of yards in front of me. The water being
+very clear, we noted a large projective at the bottom of the stream,
+evidently aimed at me, as it was in direct line, as I sat on my horse;
+undoubtedly they must have taken me for a commanding officer and thus
+paid me their res-- I mean disrespect.
+
+A concourse of people in the neighborhood gathered to observe this
+unequal artillery duel of five armoured gun boats and eleven wooden
+mortar boats hidden behind a point below the Fort, sending their
+projectiles like a shower of aerolites into and around the Fort.
+Undaunted, the boys stood by their guns, having the satisfaction to
+notice one of the armoured vessels break their line and floating down
+the River, evidently having been struck in some vital part, and thus
+placed hors de combat. This bombardment continued from early morning
+until near sundown, when the enemy withdrew, we giving them parting
+shots as they steamed down to their blockade station, lying in wait for
+the Nashville, a blockade runner, who plyed between Nassau, and any
+Confederate Port, which it might enter with goods, easily disposed of
+at remunerative prices. The Fort was badly dilapidated, our breastworks
+had been blown to atoms, the guns exposed to plain view, all port holes
+demolished, the barracks injured by fire, which the boys extinguished
+while the battle was raging; in fact, had a cyclone struck the Fort in
+its full majestic force, it could not have been worse. However, that
+night we pressed into service all the negroes on the rice plantations.
+Spades, shovels and pick axes were handled with alacrity; baskets, bags
+and barrels were filled, the enfeebled portions of the Fort were
+reinforced by working like Trojans all night long, and the Fort was
+again placed in a presentable condition.
+
+Early the following morning, when the enemy again appeared, undoubtedly
+to take possession, as the Fort would have been untenable in the
+condition they left it the previous evening, we opened fire on them, but
+they had seen what had been done during the night, saw at once that we
+were not disposed to give up; they withdrew without even returning our
+fire, and the boys would remark, they are treating us with silent
+contempt.
+
+For awhile we enjoyed repose and the luxuries of the season at the
+Southern sea-coast, hunting squirrels, rabbits and fishing, getting
+leave of absence to visit home for a few days, when one day the report
+reached us that the enemy effected a landing at Killkanee, some distance
+below us and to our right. The battery was called out and we took up the
+line of march to meet the enemy. We camped that night near a church,
+when we were informed that the enemy's demonstration was against a small
+salt works, an enterprising citizen having erected a small furnace with
+a half a dozen boilers, in which he boiled sea water to obtain salt,
+which, at that time, was selling at a dollar a pound by the hundred
+pound sack. The Company returned to camp.
+
+About ten days later word came late one afternoon that the enemy is
+making for Pocotalico, a small station on the Savannah and Charleston
+Railroad, intending to burn a long range of trestle on said road. Two
+detachments were sent to that place by post haste, arriving in time to
+place themselves in position, in as quiet a way as possible. At about
+ten o'clock P. M. we heard a very noisy demonstration to our right,
+through the marshes of the swamps; many torches became visible. They
+undoubtedly expected the place to be unprotected; when they came within
+full range we sent canister and schrapanel into the ranks; they fell
+back in confusion, leaving dead and wounded behind. This expedition
+started out from Beauford, S. C., then in possession of the enemy. One
+dark night the tide being up, the Nashville loaded with cotton attempted
+to run the gauntlet of the blockaders. On the turn of the river just
+opposite the Fort, the River Ogechee being about a mile wide, the vessel
+run aground on a sand bank, and was unable to extricate itself. The
+enemy being on the lookout, spied her position and came within firing
+distance; the Fort fired at them furiously, but they paid no attention
+to us, but concentrated their fire on the steamer Nashville with hot
+shots and soon had her in flames. The crew jumped overboard and swam
+ashore like ducks. The steamer was burned and completely destroyed. I
+was again taken with chills and fever and sent home by way of Dr.
+Whitehead's hospital. Sergeant Hines also came home to recuperate, when
+one morning I suggested to have an egg-nog. Cousin Abe was a merchant
+before the war, and still kept a store at Fenns Bridge, but the store
+had but few remnants in it. He only kept such goods as people were
+willing to dispose of in the way of exchange, for something else, and
+among his stock, he had a barrel of corn whiskey. I said, "Bill, if you
+furnish the eggs, I will furnish the sugar and whiskey; my chill will be
+on at eleven o'clock; we have an hour yet and kill or cure, I'm going to
+drink nog. It may help me." Dr. Whitehead had supplied me with a vial of
+Fowler's Solution, which was nearly exhausted, and which had done me no
+good. Sergeant Hines came up, brought a dozen eggs and we made a nog. At
+ten thirty A. M. I took the first goblet, he made it tolerably strong. I
+replenished and enjoyed the contents, and as we were sipping it quietly,
+I looked at my watch and was surprised to see it was fifteen minutes
+past eleven and no chill. We slowly finished the third glass, I felt the
+effects of it somewhat, but we were not intoxicated. At twelve o'clock
+the dinner bell rang at the house, and it was the first time in two
+weeks that I was able to partake of that meal, the chills always
+interfering. I never had another chill in twenty years thereafter, hence
+I never became a prohibitionist. I believe the abuse of whiskey is
+wrong, while its proper use is right. Sergeant Hines and myself, after a
+few days longer among our friends, returned to our camp.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+
+The following incident caused a rupture of friendship between Lieutenant
+Evan P. Howell and myself, which made military service unnecessarily
+harder on me, owing to our respective ranks. One night, it was on a
+Saturday, I had occasion to get up, it was late. I passed the sentinel
+on post number one, and recognized William Tolson on duty. I passed the
+usual greeting of "Hello! Bill, how do you do," "O, Ike, I'm so sick.
+I've one of the hardest chills on me I ever had." "Why don't you call
+the Corporal of the Guard, and get relief?" He replied, he wished I
+would call him, so I called "Corporal of the Guard, post number one."
+Corporal William O'Quinn came up to see what's up. I said, "Corporal,
+Tolson is sick and ought to be relieved." Presently the Corporal
+returned from headquarters, saying the officers are all gone over to
+Patterson, they were having a dance at the Quartermaster's, Major
+Cranston, and there is no one at headquarters but Dr. Stevenson who is
+drunk, and I can't get any sense out of him. When I told him that one
+of the men were sick, he said "You see that puppy, is he not the finest
+you have ever seen?" having reference to a small dog he fondled.
+Finding out that I can't get any relief, I came back, so I told Tolson
+to go in and I would stand guard in his place. Tolson was a good
+soldier, he was a native Englishman, and when he got over his chill he
+was loud in his denunciation as to his treatment, so he was punished for
+having spoken derogatory about the officers and condemned to wear ball
+and chain for twenty-four hours. This was the first time that I knew
+there was such a thing as a ball and chain in camp for the punishment of
+man. The following Monday night, the writer having found out all about
+the particulars and the doings at the Quartermaster's, wrote up a
+program of intoxication at Granston Hall, Saturday night, March 1863. I
+treated the matter more of a burlesque than otherwise, and wound up in
+these words: "That's the way Confederate whiskey goes, pop goes the
+Government." Captain Martin was off and Lieutenant Howell was in
+command. Lieutenants Bland and Roberson laughed over the matter and took
+it good naturedly. W. N. Harmon was the only man in the Company who saw
+me write the article, and when finished I read it to him. He pronounced
+it a good joke and asked me what I was going to do with it. I said, "I
+am going to stick it up on the big pine where general orders are posted,
+so that the men can read it after reveille call," so he made some
+lightwood pegs, and we went together and posted it. The article was not
+signed, and was written in a round handwriting. The men enjoyed it and
+laughed a great deal over it, when Sergeant Fulford came up and tore
+down the paper, and carried it to the officer's tent. They inquired,
+what is the matter, what are the men laughing about. He presented the
+paper. Lieutenant Howell, after reading it, got raving mad, while
+Lieutenants Roberson and Bland took it good naturedly. Lieutenant Howell
+was determined to find out the author, so during the day he took up the
+men by fours and swore them on the Bible, if they knew who wrote the
+paper. I was at the station on that day and was absent. When I returned
+to my mess, they told me what was going on, and that Lieutenant Howell
+was trying to find out who wrote that article, so I said, "Bill,"
+meaning William Harmon, "He took up the wrong men; if he had called on
+me I would have saved him that trouble". He answered, "Well, what will
+you do?" "Well, you don't believe that I would swear to a lie?" I got up
+saying, "I will satisfy his curiosity," and up to his tent I went. He
+was sitting in a chair smoking. "Good evening Lieutenant," says I. "I
+understand that you are very anxious to know who wrote that paper
+Sergeant Fulford submitted for your inspection. I can give you all the
+information you require." Lieutenant Howell at once brightened up and
+became all smiles. "You know--who did it?" "Your humble servant." In a
+twinkling his countenance changed. He became pale with rage, working
+himself into a passion, and very peremptorily ordered me to stand at
+attention. I at once planted my heels together to form a perfect angle,
+placed my little fingers along the seams of my pantaloons, my arms
+extending at full length, my body erect, facing my superior officer. I
+humbly remarked, "Will that do?"--"What did you do it for?"--"You had
+your fun, am I not entitled to have some?"--"You made false charges; you
+said we drank Government whiskey. I want you to understand what liquor
+we drank we bought and paid for it." "Well, Lieutenant, I have not
+accused anybody; not even mentioned a single name, but if the cap fits
+you, you can wear it. I have nothing to retract." By that time, Howell
+was surely mad. "I-I-I reduce you to ranks! I put you on double duty for
+thirty days and to wear ball and chain." "Is that all?" "Lieutenant, I
+volunteered in the Confederate army to do my full duty, as I always have
+done, in regard to duty; you only can put me on every other day, but
+when it comes to degrading me by making me wear ball and chain, I give
+you fair notice that I will kill any man who attempts to place the same
+on my limbs," and I made my exit, going to my mess-mates. "Well, how did
+you come out?" the boys asked me. I related what had passed between
+Lieutenant and I. William Harmon, then said, "Did you tell him that I
+helped you stick it up?" I said, "No, I shouldered the whole
+responsibility. What good would it do to implicate you?" "Well you shall
+not be the only one to do double duty," and off he went to tell
+Lieutenant Howell that he also had a hand in it, and consequently he was
+also condemned to double duty for thirty days. "Did he also tell you to
+wear ball and chain?" Harmon said "No."
+
+That night, I slept, as the saying is, with one eye open. I had my
+pistol within easy reach, and my sabre by my side. No attempt however,
+was made to chain me. The following morning I was called for guard duty.
+I took my post, carrying my sabre across my neck, bear fashion. My post
+was in full view of the officers' headquarters. When Lieutenant Howell
+sent Sergeant Hines to me to tell me if I didn't carry my sabre at
+"Carry Sabre," he would keep me on four hours instead of two. Having
+been the bugler of the Company I was never instructed how to carry
+sabre. "Sergeant, can't you teach me how?" Hines remarked, "I know you
+know better how to handle a sabre than anyone in camp. I have seen you
+and Hoffman fight at Laurel Hill. I tell you, I have been on duty all
+night and I would like to go to sleep. This may be fun to you, but not
+to me, just now." I said, "Well Bill, go ahead," so I carried my sword
+to suit his Excellency, the commanding officer.
+
+Later in the day J. J. Sheppard came to me saying, "Ike, Lieutenant
+Howell told me that I was appointed bugler in your place." "Well, sir, I
+congratulate you on your promotion." "He said for me to ask you for the
+bugle." I said, "All right Sheppard," I took the bugle and broke it in
+halves and handed it to Sheppard. He looked astonished--I remarked,
+"That instrument is private property and belongs to me, my money paid
+for it, and I have a right to handle it as I please, not meaning any
+disrespect to you, Sheppard." The following day, word came in camp for
+volunteers to handle siege pieces in Charleston, S. C. The enemy making
+heavy demonstration against that City. The Company sent men they could
+spare, among whom I formed a contingent part. My detachment was placed
+in the battery in charge of a heavy siege gun. The people of that City
+treated us royally and brought us plenty of provisions besides what we
+got from the commissary. We remained there a couple of weeks. The whole
+business turned out to be a fiasco, and we returned back to our camps.
+It was one of the most pleasant periods I have enjoyed during the whole
+war. I was again called on duty when I remarked, "This comes around
+pretty often." The Sergeant remarked, "You have to finish your
+sentence." I at once went to headquarters and met Lieutenant Howell and
+said, "Do you intend to make me finish the penalty you imposed on me?"
+"To be sure, I do," was his reply. "Well, you can't do it after you
+accepted my services for Charleston," and I demanded a court-martial
+before I would finish it. Afterwards Sergeant Hines came from
+headquarters, saying, "Howell said, Ike got me," "I have no right to
+inflict a continuance of punishment after accepting his services in some
+other direction, but confound him, I'll get even with him." Thus matters
+stood, when some fine day the ball and chain was missing, no one knew
+what became of it, but somewhere in the middle of the Ogeechee River
+some two hundred yards below Camp Arnold, it may be found now, having
+rested there these forty six years.
+
+On the eighth of May we were ordered to Mississippi. We went by the way
+of Columbus, Ga., arriving there about three o'clock P. M. The ladies
+had prepared a fine spread for us at the depot. The men were hungry.
+Capt. F. G. Wilkins being mayor of the City, Mayor Wilkins was Captain
+of the Columbus Guards, Company B, First Regiment, Georgia Volunteers,
+and on his return home, after his severe experience of one year's
+military service, he preferred civil service as more congenial to his
+feelings. He was a brave and fearless soldier. At Carricks Ford, he and
+twelve of his men got mixed in with the Yankees, who at that time wore
+also grey uniforms. They were Ohio troops. Captain Wilkins on seeing
+his dilemma, formed his men into line, then into column making them go
+through evolutions, and manual of arms, and marched them to the rear,
+and out of the Yankee columns without being suspicioned or receiving a
+scratch. Such coolness is not often exhibited on a danger line, and
+Captain Wilkins reached Monterey long before any of the Regiment did,
+and saved himself and his men a great deal of hardship.
+
+When alighting from the train and seeing all those good things prepared
+for us, I at once took my position. A lady remarked, "Help yourself." I
+took hold of a piece of fowl, and as I was about to take a bite, someone
+struck me on the arm with such force that the piece of fowl dropped out
+of my hand, and someone said, "Those things are not for you." It was
+Mayor Wilkins. He was glad to see me, and said, "I have something better
+for you, boys. How many of the First Georgia are here? Get them all
+together and follow me." We were about a dozen of the old Washington
+Rifles. He conducted us to a room where we met a committee of gentlemen.
+After the usual shaking hands and introductions, we passed into another
+chamber. I never beheld a more bountiful and artistically prepared
+spread. Provisions arranged on a revolving table, shelved to a pyramid,
+and loaded with delicious wines. In a corner of the room was a table
+covered with case liquors of every description, and some fine cigars. I
+was astonished, I had no idea such delicacies could have been gotten in
+the whole Confederacy. We surely did enjoy the hospitality of that
+Committee. Mayor Wilkins introduced me to a Mr. Rothschild, saying, "I
+want you to take good care of him, he is a splendid fellow." Turning to
+me he said, "Hermann, I want you to stay all night with this gentleman,
+he will treat you all right." I said, "Captain Wilkins, I can't leave
+camps without a permit, and myself and Captain Howell are not on such
+terms as for me to ask him for any favors." "Well, I'll arrange that,
+you come along." Captain Wilkins said to Howell, "I want Ike to go home
+with my friend here," designating Mr. Rothschild. Captain Howell said,
+"You'll have to be here by seven o'clock, A. M. The train will leave at
+that time." Mr. Rothschild spoke up, saying, "I'll have him here on
+time." I was royally treated; the lady of the house and daughter played
+on the piano and sang. I joined in the chorus 'till late in the night,
+when I was shown to my room, nicely furnished, a nice clean feather bed
+and all the requisites for comfort, but I could not sleep, I did not lay
+comfortable. The two years service I had seen, made a feather bed rather
+an impediment to my repose, having become accustomed to sleep out doors
+on the hard ground, with my knapsack as a pillow, so I got up, put my
+knapsack under my head and lay by the side of the bed on the carpet, and
+slept like a log the balance of the night; so soundly, that I did not
+hear the negro boy who was sent to my room to blacken my boots, open the
+door, but I heard a noise like someone slamming the door and I heard
+someone running down stairs. I heard many voices talking, and someone
+coming up stairs, opening the door very unceremoniously, I looked--there
+was Mr. Rothschild,--greatly astonished and laughing, he could hardly
+talk. Finally he said, "What in the world made you lay on the floor." I
+explained to him that being no longer used to sleeping on a bed, I could
+not rest until I got on the hard floor. Then he told me he had sent up a
+boy to blacken my boots, who had scared them all by telling them that
+the man up stairs had fallen off of the bed and lay dead on the floor. I
+took my ablution, and went down to breakfast, all enjoying that I was
+still able to do justice to the meal that my kind host and hostess set
+before me. After many thanks and good byes to Mr. and Mrs. Rothschild
+and the family, Mr. Rothschild and myself went down to the train, which
+was in waiting. Everything was soon ready and we departed for Mobile,
+Ala. At Greenville, Ala., I met General W. H. T. Walker for the first
+time. Martin's battery was assigned to his brigade. Captain Martin was
+promoted to Major, and Chief of Staff of General Walker's brigade, and
+Lieutenant Evan P. Howell, by right of seniority, took his place as
+Captain. From Mobile, we went to Jackson, Miss., one section of two
+cannons were left behind under charge of Lieutenant Robson. The balance
+arrived at destination at about three o'clock P. M., May 12th, 1863. We
+unloaded the pieces at once, and all the accoutrements, all the horses
+and harnessed them up without the loss of any time, took up the line of
+march towards Raymond Springs. The weather was very warm and the road of
+red clay was very dusty for men marching in columns. The dust would rise
+like clouds of ashes at every step. It must be remembered that it was
+ration day, but we had no time to draw any. As we advanced, we met
+General Gists' Brigade just out of a fight with General Grant's forces,
+who landed at Port Gibson, on his forward move to Vicksburg. General
+Gist had several prisoners. Among them was a Captain. I spoke to him and
+asked him about the strength of Grant's army. Of course, I did not
+expect a truthful answer. He replied, "If you'll keep on in the
+direction you are going, you will meet him. He is not so very far, ahead
+of you, and when you do meet him, you will think he has more than enough
+to eat you all up." Well, he did tell the truth, and it has been our
+misfortune all through the war to fight against many odds. We kept
+advancing, when of a sudden the command was ordered to halt. We formed
+ourselves into battery, and I was placed in charge of a detachment.
+General Walker ordered me to follow him. About two hundred yards ahead
+the road took a sudden turn around the bluff, which commanded a straight
+stretch of about a mile. General Walker ordered me to unlimber my gun
+and place it in position, so as to command that road, and ordered me to
+fire into any cavalry that might appear. At the further end of my view
+was a water mill. I remarked, "General, had I not better let them
+advance somewhat, so as not to waste too much ammunition?" "You must use
+your own judgment," said he. Looking about me, I saw no infantry in
+close proximity, so I ventured to ask him where my support was. He
+answered, "Support Hell!--If they charge you, fight them with the hand
+spikes, don't you never leave this post," and left.
+
+Mr. James F. Brooks acted as my No. 1. I asked him if he had made his
+will, if not, he had better, as we were there to stay. We watched with
+all our eyes, we saw no enemies. Just about dark, we were ordered to
+limber up, and double quick to the rear, for about a mile, the enemy
+having taken another route and we were in danger of being cut off. Weary
+and footsore, having marched about ten miles that afternoon, we retraced
+our steps within about three miles of Jackson, hungry and thirsty, we
+marched on, large oaks bordered the road at places and the roots
+protruded above the surface of the ground; having on a pair of shoes,
+left foot number six for a number 8 foot, while my right shoe was a
+number 10 brogan, I crammed cotton in shoe number 10 to prevent too much
+friction and cut off the end of number 6 to avoid the painful sensation
+of being cramped, but misfortunes never come single--the night became
+dark and it threatened to rain. I stumbled over one of those protruding
+roots and tore off half of my unprotected toe nail on my left foot, a
+most excruciating and painful sensation. I did not swear, because I was
+speechless. I mounted the caisson, our horses were jaded, had had no
+food nor water that day, but managed to get into camp. Dr. Stewart, our
+surgeon was left at Jackson, with a few of our command who were sick. W.
+J. Bell was our ambulance driver. He drove me to Dr. Stewart's camp to
+dress my wound that night. I was all O. K. next morning, when the ball
+opened after day break. Our pickets announced the enemy's advance. The
+skirmishes then came into play and kept the advance at some bay for some
+time, our forces placing themselves in position to receive them in due
+form. We were five thousand strong, while the enemy numbered twenty-five
+thousand. At about eleven A. M. orders came from our right to left to
+fall back, and we gradually withdrew, putting on our prolongs, and
+firing occasionally as we retraced our steps. When the fight first
+opened I was in the rear, as stated, on account of my foot, but after
+being dressed and hearing the firing, I made for the front, and reported
+to Captain Howell for duty, while he was in line of battle on the
+extreme left. He said his detachment was complete, to report to the
+next. Having only four pieces of artillery in action, two under charge
+of Lieutenant Robson not having yet arrived, they were placed along the
+front about two hundred yards apart, all had full working force. I
+retraced my steps and so reported to the Captain, saying, "Well,
+Captain, there being no use for me here, I shall go to the rear to
+protect myself and watch the progress of the fight, should there be any
+casualties in the Company I'll take their place--no use for me to be
+here unless I can be of some service." Up to that time the skirmish line
+was still contending for every inch of the ground. Captain Howell says
+to me, "You stay here, and act as my orderly. I'm hoarse anyhow, and you
+have a good voice and can repeat my orders and commands," so I was
+installed by the side of the Captain. The ground on which we stood was a
+gradual incline, while that of the enemy was about on a level with us,
+leaving a sort of a basin or valley between both lines. It was a novel
+sight to see our skirmishers contending every inch of the ground before
+an overwhelming force, to see them load and fire, and gradually falling
+back, facing the advancing foe. When suddenly they emerged from the
+woods, where they were concealed, and advanced in platoon form, sending
+their deadly missiles into our thin skirmishers ranks. I said, "This is
+more than our men can stand, let me throw a shell over their heads,
+into their ranks." He answered, "Do so, but don't shoot our men." "No
+danger," said I. I depressed the bridge of my piece, raising the muzzle
+about four fingers. No. four pulled the laniard. It had a good effect,
+and resulted in stopping their advance, and thus enabled our skirmishers
+to come in. My fire also gave them our position and distance. They at
+once formed a battery in front of us. I aimed a second shot at a white
+horse. Captain Howell watching its effect. I being behind the gun, the
+smoke prevented me from so doing, when he said, "You got him." I soon
+found out that I had done some damage and that my range was accurate,
+for they centered their fire of several pieces against my own. One of
+their shots passed over my gun and knocked off its sight, passed between
+the detachment, striking the caisson lid in the rear and staving it in,
+and thus preventing us for a few minutes in replying. We had to break it
+open with the hand spikes to get ammunition. They undoubtedly thought
+that we were irreparably silenced, and paid their respects to some other
+part of our line, but we resumed business again, and they came back at
+us. I saw a ball rolling on the ground, about six feet to my right. It
+seemed to be about the same caliber as ours. It rolled up a stump,
+bouncing about fifteen feet in the air. I thought it was a solid shot
+and wanting to send it back to them through the muzzle of our gun, I ran
+after it. It proved to be a shell, as it exploded, and a piece of it
+struck my arm. It was a painful wound, but not serious. Another ball
+struck a tree about eight inches in diameter, knocked out a chip, which
+struck my face and caused me to see the seven stars in plain day light
+and very near got a scalp of Captain Howell, who stood behind that tree.
+Orders came for Captain Howell to fall back. He asked me to inform Major
+Martin, who was in command of the piece at the extreme right, that he
+was falling back. I had to traverse the whole front of our line. I took
+the color bearers' horse, a fine animal. We named him Stonewall. The
+enemy's fire was rather high, as they came up the incline and the balls
+rattled through the tree tops like hail. It commenced raining very hard.
+I dismounted and took it afoot. On my way passing the third section, Sim
+Bland, who acted as number 6, and whose duty it was to carry the
+ammunition from the caisson and to hand it to No. 2 who inserts it in
+the muzzle of the gun, while No. 1 rammed it home. As I crossed him at a
+trot, I remarked, "Sim, this is hot time." Before he could reply, a
+solid cannon ball had struck him. Poor fellow, he did not know what hit
+him, for he was dead. His whole left side entirely torn to pieces.
+
+The enemy was now advancing more rapidly, as our whole line had given
+away. On my return I found my horse also shot down. I was trying to save
+the body of Bland, but couldn't get the assistance needed. I went
+through his pockets and took what he had therein and gave it to his
+brother, Lieutenant Bland. The enemy pushed me so close I had to take to
+the woods in my immediate rear, the trees of which somewhat protected me
+from the enemy's fire. About a hundred yards further I found Sergeant
+Newsome with his gun and a detachment, trying to make for the public
+road leading to Jackson. He had managed so far to drive his command
+evading the trees of the forest, when suddenly he was confronted by a
+plank fence which stood perfectly erect, not a plank missing and about
+five feet high. He ordered the horses cut out of the harness, and was
+about to abandon his guns, when I hollered, "No Sergeant, don't do it!
+Ride through between the posts, they are wide enough apart, knock down
+the planks." I put myself in action and kicked against the planks, when
+the whole panel fell over, carrying several others with it, for all the
+posts were completely rotten at the ground, and thus I saved this piece
+of artillery and probably the men. We reached the road and marched in
+column. It was raining hard and every man was soaked to the skin. The
+column halted, having fallen back about a half a mile, firing as they
+went, when again we formed in line of battle. I was very tired, and sat
+down by the road side. When called again into action, I found that I
+could not use my arm, and that the leaders of my leg had contracted at
+my groins. The enemy had again outflanked us, and the men lifted me on a
+caisson.
+
+The horses stalled. The road being very muddy, the men had to assist at
+the wheel to pull the carriages out of the mud, by using all their
+efforts, so I had to get down, for I felt that after all the gun would
+have to be abandoned, and I did not care to be taken prisoner, but
+General Joseph E. Johnston made a stand a little further on, until the
+Yankees outflanked him again. Major Martin happened to be just passing
+me on his horse. I begged him to take me behind him, as I could not
+walk. He answered, "It is impossible, we are going to make another
+stand. Get in the ambulance." When the ambulance came in sight, it was
+full to overflow with wounded and dying. The Major again rode up. I said
+"Major Martin, can't you get me out of my difficulty," he replied,
+"Hermann, do the best you can to take care of yourself. If they capture
+you, I will have you exchanged as soon as possible." Poor consolation, I
+thought, but I was determined not to be taken if I possibly could help
+it, so I started towards Jackson, taking the edge of the woods, first on
+account of the mud, then as somewhat of a protection from the bullets.
+My locomotion was slow, from eight to ten inches was the longest strides
+I was able to make, and this with excruciating pains. Presently our
+forces rushed past me and formed again into line of battle, thus leaving
+me between both lines, the bullets coming from either direction, when
+again I entered our line. This maneuvre happened three times before I
+reached Jackson, in a stretch of three miles. It was then four o'clock
+p. m.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+
+When we reached Jackson the previous day I noted a flat by the side of
+the railroad bridge. I was thinking to cross Pearl River by that means,
+so I started to the right towards the railroad bridge. On my way down
+the street a lady was standing over a tub of whiskey with a dipper in
+her hand. She said to me, "Poor fellow, are you wounded?" I said, "Yes."
+She dipped up a dipper full of whiskey, which I drank. It had a good
+effect on my shattered nerves and did not cause me the least dizziness.
+It was the medicine I surely needed. On arriving at the River, I found
+the flat was gone, the railroad bridge was the only chance left me to
+cross. I crawled up the embankment and found that the cross ties were
+too far apart for me to step it, owing to my contracted leaders, so I
+concluded to "coon it" on my hands and knees on the stringers, holding
+onto the rail.
+
+The bridge is a long one and very high, Jackson being built on a high
+bluff. When about half way across I heard a great deal of noise and
+reports of fire arms; I heard bullets whizzing by. Finally bullets were
+hitting the trestle beneath me and in front of me. Looking back I saw
+at a distance of about four hundred yards a force of the enemy, which I
+judged to be about half a regiment, coming up the lowlands in a flank
+around Jackson. My first impulse was, can I make it across, or must I
+surrender? I concluded to take the chances, and continued to cross.
+Bullets were striking beneath me, and in front, splinters were flying.
+One ball hit the rail about six inches in front of my hand. They were
+gaining on me fast, when at last I reached the other side, laying myself
+flat on the track, I rolled over, down about an eighteen foot
+embankment. Thus being protected from the enemy's bullets, I entered the
+swamp not far beside the road leading to Branton, I noted a large hollow
+poplar tree. It must have been four or five feet in diameter. I crawled
+in, I felt faint and weak, had not eaten anything that day. I must have
+fainted; when presently I heard the sound of artillery and musketry to
+my right across the river and the noise of an empty wagon coming from
+towards Branton. I took a reconnoitering look, and saw Jackson on fire
+and a wagon driven by a negro, holding the lines over four splendid
+mules, coming towards the city. I took my stand in the road, pistol in
+hand. The following conversation ensued:
+
+"Halt. Where are you going?"
+
+"To Jackson. Marse Richard sent me to fotch his things. He is afraid the
+Yankees would cotch him."
+
+"How will you get across?"
+
+"Goes on the flat, sah."
+
+"There is no flat now."
+
+"Yes there is, and Marse Richard----"
+
+"Turn the head of the mules towards Branton, or you are a dead
+Negro"--aiming at him as I spoke. He exclaimed, "Don't shoot Marster,
+I'll do as you say." He turned the mules towards where he came from. I
+crawled behind in the wagon, pistol in hand, and at a gallop all the way
+for twelve miles. We entered Branton in the early part of the night. The
+people were still up at the Hotel. The excitement ran high about the
+enemies capturing Jackson. Branton was a nice little village. The negro
+proved to be a run-away. Had stolen the team from the quartermaster and
+running with it to the enemy. The lady of the hotel came to me saying,
+"Are you wounded?" I stated my condition, and she sympathized with me,
+saying, "Poor fellow, I expect you need something to eat." I surely
+did, for I was more dead than alive, after having passed such an
+eventful day. I ate a hearty supper. I was given a shirt. She bandaged
+my arm, which was smarting badly. She furnished me a room and a bottle
+of mustang linament to rub myself. My clothes which were full of mud
+were washed and dried by a large fire. The following morning, I felt
+really refreshed. It is unnecessary to say that I slept well that night.
+At an early hour that morning, the alarm of "The Yankees are coming.
+They are only four miles from here and Johnston is retreating towards
+Canton." Everybody that could get away, left. The quartermaster had an
+old broken down horse, which he tendered me for having saved his fine
+team, and I left the town on horse back, thanking my hostess for all her
+kindness. About two miles from Branton I met up with three men from my
+Company, viz, A. P. Heath, Jackson O'Quinn and Harmon Fields. They were
+not in the fight, having been on the sick list and not fit for duty, so
+we traveled together for some distance. We reached a settlement, which
+from appearance, belonged to well-to-do people. The gentleman of the
+premises was standing at the gate leading to the house. I said to my
+comrades that I would have to rest and recuperate until I got well, so
+I addressed myself to the proprietor, "Sir, can you take care of a
+wounded Confederate?" He put his hand in his hip pocket in quick motion,
+as if to draw a pistol, but instead drew a small slate and pencil,
+handed it to me with a motion to write my request, which I did. He
+rubbed it out and wrote swiftly in a scholarly style, "Nothing I have is
+too good for a Confederate soldier. Walk in--all of you." His name was
+Williams, unfortunately deaf and dumb, but very intelligent. His family
+consisted of a wife and two daughters, and all seemed to be well
+educated and comfortably situated. They were very solicitous in their
+attentions to us. The girls played on the piano while I entertained the
+old man, by writing on his slate my experience of the previous day. He
+looked at me in wonder, and occasionally took hold of my hand and shook
+it. I remained his guest for nearly a week, until we located our
+Company, and where to meet it. I got entirely well, my arm was healing
+nicely, under the care of Mrs. Williams. Our forces had located at
+Canton. He sent us mule-back through Pearl River Swamp to the Canton
+road, while I rode my horse. He refused to take any remuneration for
+anything he had done for us, so I sent back my horse with a note and
+begged him to accept the same and thanking them all for what they had
+done for us.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+
+The following day I entered camp with my comrades among great cheers,
+all having thought me dead or a prisoner. Major Martin asked me how I
+got through. I told him I took his advice and did the best I could. I
+related to him the incidents that I met with. He said, "Well, I
+congratulate you. I don't believe one in a thousand would have escaped."
+"I was glad I was the one." We were ordered to strike tents at Canton,
+and we retraced our steps again towards Jackson, a distance of between
+twenty and twenty-five miles. It was one of the hottest days of the
+season. The road bed being red clay. Our forces now amounted to about
+eight thousand men, and marching in column with artillery, wagon train
+and all the paraphernalia appertaining to a moving army, raised such
+intense dust that it was impossible to recognize one's file-leader in
+his immediate front. Every step of every individual raised clouds of
+dust, which lay ankle deep. It was actually suffocating. Men and horses
+would gasp for breath. The men occasionally would expectorate large
+lumps of clay that settled in their throats, and no water to be had. We
+didn't pass a single stream of any kind. It was a forced march to get
+in the enemy's rear and to cut off reinforcement and supplies for
+Grant's invading forces onto Vicksburg. The enemy was also making back
+to Jackson on the Clinton Road which ran nearly parallel to the Canton
+Road, and we could see their advance by the column of dust to our right.
+Just before dark a very heavy rain and thunder storm set in. It was
+preferable to the previous conditions of the weather, although it put us
+half leg deep in sticky red mud. It got so dark we could not see
+anything and the rain continued pouring down in all its fury. It was nip
+and tuck as to which army would reach Jackson first. We got there just a
+little ahead of the enemy in time to occupy the ditches which now were
+nearly knee deep in water. In that condition we passed the night,
+expecting to be attacked momentarily. Men were detailed long in the rear
+to cook rations for the men in the ditch, which were issued along the
+line, and consisted of corn bread cooked (a la hate) and a piece of fat
+bacon. A very amusing incident happened to one of my comrades, W. A.
+Grimes, who early on our march, and before the dust got so dense, had to
+step aside for some reason, and being detained while the column kept
+onward, threw him some distance behind his command. The State of
+Georgia had sent her troops some shoes; the description of my draw I
+have already stated, and some white wool hats. Grimes put his name on
+the front of his hat in large capital letters, and as he hurried to
+catch up with his command, someone hollowed as he passed, "How are you
+Bill Grimes?" Grimes stopped in surprise to see who knew him in some
+other command. Others took up the word all along the line of "How are
+you Bill Grimes?" Grimes hurried on, on his way, the perspiration
+running down his face, which had the appearance of being covered with a
+mask. He could not account for his sudden popularity until he pulled off
+his hat to wipe off his face. He saw his name on his hat and quickly
+turned it wrong side out. His name had passed all along the column
+faster than he could travel and passed Howell's Battery long before he
+caught up with it. Early in the morning the enemy made demonstrations
+all along our line and was repulsed. It had quit raining. The artillery
+kept up a desultory fire for eight days and nights. The enemy's forces
+were at least three to our one and therefore, could relieve each other,
+while we were obliged to be kept continually on duty, and consequently
+became exhausted, my eyes were blood shot, men loaded and fired
+mechanically, and when so exhausted that I couldn't stand any longer, I
+dropped beside one of the pieces and in a jiffy, was asleep. I couldn't
+even hear the report of the guns within a few feet of me. The strain was
+more than my physique could stand. I got sick and unconscious, and when
+I came to myself, I was in Yazoo City in a private house, snugly fixed,
+and a kindly lady by my bedside, whose name was Mrs. Lyons. She cried
+for joy to see me recover my senses. I asked her where I was and how
+long I had been there. She said just a week. I asked her what place it
+was and she said "Yazoo City." I shall always remember gratefully the
+kind treatment I received from that worthy family, and when after a
+week's convalescence, I took my leave with many thanks. The lady said
+she hoped that her brother who was in the Virginia army would in case of
+sickness receive the attention that she would bestow on any Confederate
+soldier. Such was the spirit that prevailed throughout the Confederate
+States.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+
+I rejoined my command at Morton station on the M. & O. Railroad. The
+object of the second fight at Jackson, as I understood it, was to get in
+the rear of the investing army of Vicksburg under General Grant. General
+Joseph E. Johnston expected a reinforcement, sufficient so as to cut off
+supplies from the invading army, and to attack it in the rear, while
+General Pemberton might make a sortie and attack it in the front, and
+thus save Vicksburg from capture. Our reinforcement never came. We then
+moved to Vaughn Station and thus hung in the rear of Grant, but not
+strong enough to venture an attack, unless in concert with General
+Pemberton who was defeated at Big Black and bottled up in Vicksburg, his
+stronghold. A very sad incident happened in our camp. Lieutenant Ruben
+Bland, a very kind officer and beloved by all his men, died. His brother
+Sim, as stated, was killed at the first fight at Jackson. They were very
+much attached to each other and brooding over his misfortune, some
+thought he took opium with suicidal intent, others thought otherwise.
+The writer was sitting on a box on the railroad platform, smoking his
+pipe. Close to the platform stood the Company's ambulance. In passing me
+Lieutenant Bland remarked, "Well, Ike, you seem to enjoy your pipe," I
+answered, "I do, I smoke the pipe of peace," he smiled and said, "Yes,
+everything looks peaceable here, I believe I am going to take a nap in
+this ambulance." About a quarter of an hour after, Quinten Dudley who
+was Hospital Steward, had cause to get some medicine out of the medicine
+chest that Dr. Stewart kept in the ambulance. He immediately gave the
+alarm that Lieutenant Bland was dead. I could not believe it. I jumped
+off the platform into the ambulance, and there lay Lieutenant Bland
+stretched out in full length, his face purple. Dr. Stewart, who at once
+was on hand opened an artery on top of his head. He bled freely. He
+tried to get up artificial respiration by working his arm back and
+forth, but to no avail. Bland was dead beyond recovery and mourned by
+every member of the Company.
+
+It was on a very warm June day when I concluded to have a general
+cleaning up. It must be remembered that we lost all of our personal
+effects, which we destroyed to keep them from falling into the enemy's
+hands, and our wardrobes only consisted of what we carried on our backs
+and filth begot what we called "creepers", and one not used to such made
+him feel most miserable, so I took a camp kettle which also served for
+our culinary purposes to boil my clothes in, and while they were drying
+in the sun, I crept into the bushes in the shade and fell asleep. During
+my repose some miscreant stole my shirt, and for several weeks I did not
+have a shirt on my back, so one day it came to my knowledge that Gen. W.
+H. T. Walker, our Division Commander, having been promoted, and Colonel
+Claude Wilson, was appointed as Brigadier General in his place, offered
+a reward of thirty days furlough and a fine saddle horse to ride during
+the war to any man that would carry a dispatch to General Pemberton who
+was then besieged in Vicksburg. I told Sergeant Hines if any man needed
+a furlough I did, in the fix I was in. I believe I will go and offer my
+services. He laughed and said, "Well, good luck old fellow." So I
+started to headquarters which were in an abandoned farm house, about a
+quarter of a mile distant from where our battery was in camp. I walked
+to the sentinel who halted me. I want to see Gen. Walker. "You can't get
+in." "Call the officer of the guard," says I, which he did and the
+Lieutenant came up. I stated to him that I wanted to see Gen. Walker.
+"Follow me," says he, which I did. There were at least from twenty to
+twenty-five officers of all grades sitting in a large room, engaged, it
+seemed to me, in social conversation. I walked straight up to General
+Walker and stated my business, and what I had heard he offered to any
+man who would successfully carry a dispatch to General Pemperton at
+Vicksburg. "I thought, if any man needed a furlough, it was I." Opening
+my jacket which was closely buttoned, although it was a hot day in July,
+I displayed my nakedness. "I have not even, as you see, a shirt to
+wear." It raised a giggle among some of the officers, while others
+looked upon me in sympathy. I stated how I lost that only shirt I
+possessed. Just at that time entered Major Martin. Recognizing me, he
+said, "Hermann, you here?" He seemed rather surprised. I stated the
+object of my visit. He turned to General Walker, saying, "General, I
+stand sponsor for this man. He belongs to my battery, and he is one of
+the best." I inclined my head in recognition of the compliment paid me,
+and he extended me his hand. In the meantime, General Walker called me
+and said, "You see that small trunk in yonder corner. Therein is my
+wardrobe. I believe I have three shirts therein; that is all I have--I
+divide--go and get you one. We are about the same size. I hope it will
+fit you." I made for the little hairy trunk, no bigger than a good hand
+valise and slightly oval, opened the lid, saying, "Beggars ought not to
+be choosers. I will take the first I come to," which was a clean white
+shirt, with cuffs and collars attached. Off went my jacket in the
+presence of the company; into the garment I went, feeling a thousand per
+cent. better. I said, "Well, General, I've heard of some stepping into
+other men's shoes, but never before have I known of a high private
+slipping into a General's shirt at one jump." This brought a big laugh
+from the assembly, the General joining heartily. I thanked him and
+extended my hand in token of my appreciation. He remarked, "You are
+surely welcome, come around tomorrow at eleven o'clock A. M., and we
+will talk matters over." He asked, "Have you ever been to Vicksburg."
+"No Sir." "Do you know anything about the country around, and about the
+City?" "This is my first experience in these diggins." "How would you
+manage?" "I'll be governed by circumstances as they present themselves."
+After a pause he repeated, "Come around tomorrow at eleven o'clock." I
+gave the military salute and started towards the door, when he called me
+saying, "Do you ever drink anything?" I answered, "General, this is a
+strange question. Why didn't Jack eat his supper? I've not seen a drop
+since we left Jackson," and I stated how I got that. He laughed and
+said, "Go in that room," indicating the door with his index finger. "You
+will find a table in there with liquors, I think a good drink will do
+you good." One invitation was sufficient. I stepped into the next room,
+and there I beheld a round table loaded with all kinds of bottles,
+containing different liquors, some labeled different kinds of whiskies,
+brandies, gin, schedam, schnapps, etc. I took the square bottle of
+schedam and poured me out a stiff drink, thanked the General and
+departed for my camp, but not being in the habit of drinking, I felt the
+effects of the liquor. I felt somewhat, what I may call buoyant, and in
+for any fun. I met Sergeant W. H. Hines. He said, "Ike, what luck?" "The
+best in the world," tapping myself on the breast. "You see that shirt,
+this once was General Walker's, now it's mine." I told him all that
+passed at headquarters. The next day I reported as directed. The General
+said, "Well, Hermann, the jig is up. While we were talking about the
+matter yesterday, Pemberton surrendered, and I therefore do not need
+your services." I said, "well, I wish he had held out until some other
+day than the fourth of July." The General said, "Yes."
+
+As I started to camp, the General said, "Well, Hermann I thank you
+anyhow for your offer and you shall have a furlough all the same. I give
+you two weeks. I hope you will have a nice time." Major Martin who was
+present said also, he hoped I would have a nice time. I replied, "Major,
+I have not a cent of money, how can I have a nice time. We have not been
+paid off since we left Savannah. Have you some money? If so I would like
+to borrow until I get mine from the Government." He said, he had a fifty
+dollar bill. If it would do me any good, I could have it. He handed me
+the bill which was then worth about two or three dollars in specie. Such
+was the depreciation of our currency. I went into the interior about ten
+miles from camp. The people were downcast. They did not know what would
+become of them. Jackson, the capital of the State, in the hands of the
+enemy. Vicksburg, a large and well fortified city and defended by a
+large army had surrendered and its defenders taken prisoners. The people
+were in despair, not knowing what evil awaited them. I soon found out
+that camps among the boys was the more congenial place for me, so after
+an absence of three days I returned.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+
+So one good afternoon, J. B. Thomas, a good clever comrade and good
+soldier, and myself took a stroll and incidentally looking for something
+to eat. We passed a vegetable garden, a luxury we seldom enjoyed. On the
+side of the pailings were some squashes. Thomas remarked, I wish I had
+some of them. I said, "Well, slip one of those palings and get a few,
+I'll be on the watch out." No sooner said than done. Thomas gathered
+about a dozen the size of my fist. He stuck them in his shirt bosom. I
+gave him the alarm that the lady was watching him. As he looked up he
+saw her at the other end of the garden. He started through the opening
+he had made quicker than a rabbit could have done when pursued by
+hounds. Thomas is a man of small stature and very short legged, but he
+split the air to beat the band. We were both in our shirt sleeves, no
+vests, only wore pants confined around the waist by a belt, the squashes
+were bobbing up and down in his shirt, as he progressed and the
+proprietress after him. Finally the squashes lifted the shirt out of his
+confines and down came the squashes rolling on the ground. Thomas did
+not stop, but casting a regretful side glance at his booty, he sped on
+to camp, while his garment was floating to the breeze, caused by his
+velocity. When the woman reached the spot where the squashes lay
+scattered, she stopped, looking after the fleeing individual and sending
+a full vocabulary of invectives after him. I who had followed leisurely
+caught up while she gathered her squashes into her apron. I remarked,
+"Madam, you seem to have spilled your vegetables." "No, it was not me
+that spilled them, it's that good for nothing somebody, there he
+runs--he stole them out of my garden." I said, "He ought not to have
+done it, if I knew who he was I would report him." She said, "I would
+not have minded to give him some if he had asked me for them, but I
+don't like for anybody to go into my garden and take what belongs to
+me." Poor woman, she had no idea that within a few days after our
+departure, the enemy would appear and not only appropriate the needful,
+but would destroy all the rest to keep her from enjoying any of it. She
+offered me some of the squashes which I accepted with thanks. I carried
+them to Thomas, saying she would have given you some if you had asked
+for them. Thomas replied, he wished he had known it.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+
+The fall of Vicksburg ended the Mississippi Campaign, and our troops
+were ordered to join the Army of Tennessee. All had left with the
+exception of the Mississippi Regiment and our battery who were awaiting
+transportation. Our commissary had also gone ahead of us and so we were
+left to "root hog or die." We had to eat once in awhile any how. Quinton
+Dudley and myself took a stroll to the commissary of the Mississippi
+Regiment. I learned that his name was Coleman. Passing through the
+building which was an old wooden railroad warehouse about a hundred feet
+long and forty wide, Quinton picked up a piece of rock salt from a large
+pile. Captain Coleman saw him put something in his haversack. In a brisk
+manner, said, "What is that you have taken?" He showed him a piece of
+salt the size of a hen egg. "Put it back," he hollowed at him. Quinton
+threw it back on the pile very much humiliated. On our leaving the
+building, I spied on the platform at the other end of the warehouse a
+large hogshead full of smoked meat of all descriptions, there were
+sides, shoulders and hams. They looked very enticing for hungry men like
+we were. We went to camp and reported how that Captain had caught
+Quinton who was very timid and did not like to be caught in the act.
+Others felt different about such. We were entitled to a living while in
+the field on duty. Some suggested that we go and charge the commissary
+and get some rations. I said, "That would bring on some trouble. Maybe
+we might get some of that meat by strategy," so we planned that W. N.
+Harmon should take ten men around and about the warehouse, while I would
+engage the Captain in conversation, during which time Harmon and his men
+would help themselves to rations. I awaited an opportune moment when
+Captain Coleman was at the other end of the building from where the
+hogshead of meat stood. Entering by that end, I walked squarely up to
+the Captain, extending my hand. "How do you do, Captain Coleman? I'm
+very glad to meet you, it is an unexpected pleasure. How long since you
+have heard from home?" He looked at me in surprise, holding onto my
+hand. I heard some meat drop on the ground. I knew the meat was flying
+campwards. "Well," said Capt. Coleman, "you have the advantage of me."
+"Don't you know me?" says I? He replied, "Well, your face is familiar to
+me, but I can't place you. Are you not from Emanuel county, Georgia?"
+"No, but I have some kinfolks in Georgia with my name." "Well, then I am
+mistaken and beg your pardon." "We have a lake on the Ogeechee River
+called Coleman's Lake. I went there often for fishing, and was sure you
+were one of the Colemans that lived there when at home. You favor them
+very much." "Well, said he, they may be some kin to me." By that time,
+between thirty and forty pieces of meat had changed hands. The next
+morning transportation came, and we loaded the cars which carried us to
+the Tennessee Army, then under the command of General Bragg, who was
+then retreating, leaving Tennessee to the tender care of the Federals,
+under command of General Rosencrantz. Our forces took a stand around and
+about Lookout Mountain and Chickamauga. We struck camp some distance
+from the main forces after unloading the train and watering and feeding
+the horses. The boys took a swim in the river, a luxury not realized for
+many days past. I was detailed to cut underbrush in the woods to assist
+stretching ropes to corral our horses. I was not quite as green in
+handling an axe by this time as I was in Virginia, when I was detailed
+to cut wood for the blacksmith shop. I was again taken sick with risings
+in my ear. I suffered as only those who ever suffered with such
+affliction knew how to extend their sympathy. The pains were simply
+excruciating and threw me into hot fever. We were ordered to strike
+camps. We marched that forenoon until eleven o'clock. The sun was
+shining in full force. I could no longer keep up. I stopped by the
+roadside and lay down, waiting for the Company's baggage wagon to come
+along. Lorenzo Stephens was the driver. After awhile he appeared on
+foot. One of the rear axles of his wagon having broken, he therefore
+hurried forward to get some assistance. In the meantime, the ambulance
+came along in charge of the Company surgeon. He had me picked up and
+placed in it. He said I had high fever and gave me some medicine, and as
+we passed the station of a railroad, the name of which I did not know, I
+was put on the train with others and sent to the Atlanta Hospital, in
+charge of Dr. Paul Eve, of Augusta, Dr. Rosser being in charge of my
+ward. I was suffering terribly, both of my ears were discharging
+corruption. Through suffering and hardship, my general health was giving
+away. I needed rest and time to recuperate. Medicines were hard to get,
+and I was slow in recovering my strength. One day Dr. Rosser asked me if
+I would like to have a furlough. He thought it would help me. I said,
+"Yes, the best in the world, as soon as I can gain a little strength,"
+so he and Dr. Eve came to my cot the following morning, and after
+examining my condition, departed. Dr. Rosser came again in the afternoon
+and handed me a thirty days furlough. I was very grateful to him. He was
+a perfect gentleman, hard working and sympathetic. I came home to my
+foster mother, Mrs. Jas. L. Braswell, under whose care I soon gained
+strength.
+
+[Illustration: "Madam, have you spilled your vegetables?" I enquired.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+
+Before leaving the hospital I requested Dr. Rosser to inform my Captain
+of my whereabouts and of my physical condition, which he promised he
+would do, and I have no doubts he did. While at home I also corresponded
+with some of my comrades. I enjoyed my furlough at Fenns Bridge among my
+friends. Colonel Sol. Newsome, Hudson W. Sheppard, Bennett Hall, W. J.
+Lyons, Daniel Inman and others, who came after their mail and
+incidentally brought their fishing tackle and guns to fish and hunt in
+the Ogeechee river and swamp, in the meantime discussing the ups and
+downs of the men in the field. The above named citizens were all slave
+owners and above the requisite age for military duty. It was quite a
+pastime for me to hear them discuss among themselves the politics of
+that day, for be it understood they were not exactly a unit in sentiment
+as regards secession. They were about equally divided; some for the
+union, while those who differed brought some of the most convincing
+arguments to my mind to bear on the situation, and although young in the
+cause of politics, I was obliged to take sides with them, as a matter
+of right, as we saw it. Those who opposed did not question our right,
+but differed as to the policy pursued. They contended that we were wrong
+in judgment as the sequel had proven. In fact, we were not prepared for
+such tremendous onslaughts as we had to meet, and we believed and had
+reliance on our so-called friends across Mason and Dixon line, which
+proved to be as bitter as the rankest abolitionists. One morning, Mr.
+Brantley came up and brought the Georgian, a county news paper, saying,
+"Hermann, your name is in this paper." I said, "Is it?" "Listen."
+
+"The following men are absent from their Commands without leave, and
+should they not immediately report for duty, they will be reported as
+deserters: J. J. Sheppard, I. Hermann and others whose names I have
+forgotten. It was signed Captain Evan P. Howell, commanding battery. I
+said, "Gentlemen, it is a lie, and here is the proof, showing my sick
+furlough from Dr. Paul Eve." Mr. Lyons then spoke up, "Well, what are
+you going to do about it?" I walked into cousin Abe's store, took a
+sheet of paper and addressed, Mr. J. N. G. Metlock, Editor of the
+Sandersville Georgian,"
+
+    "My dear sir:--
+
+    In perusing your previous issue I noted Capt. Evan P. Howell's
+    advertisement, which among others I was named as one absent
+    without leave, and should I not report immediately to my
+    command, he would publish me as a deserter. Now in simple
+    justice to myself, I wish to inform Capt. Howell, as well as
+    the public, that his statement is false, that I have a furlough
+    granting me leave of absence and that under no consideration
+    would I be away from my command,
+
+    Very respectfully,
+    I. Hermann.
+
+    At Home.
+
+    P.S.--Please forward copy of your next issue to Captain Howell
+    and charge expenses to me."
+
+I returned to my friends and said, "Gentlemen, this is my reply, and
+when my time is up, I shall report, either to Dr. Paul Eve, or Captain
+Howell." Colonel Sol Newsome tapped me on the shoulder, saying, "Hurrah,
+Hurrah for you, Hermann." In a few days later, Sergeant W. H. Hines, and
+four men of my Company came to arrest me. I said to them, "You can't do
+it as long as I have authority to remain here," and showed them my
+furlough, which lacked about two weeks of having expired. They were all
+glad I was properly fixed and so expressed themselves. They were also
+glad of the opportunities they had to call upon their respective
+families, which they would not have had otherwise.
+
+From Fenns Bridge I went to Macon to spend a few days with a cousin who
+lived there. As I walked the street one named Colson who belonged to the
+Provost Guard came up saying, "Ike old fellow, I have orders to arrest
+you." "What for, Colson?" He answered, he did not know. "Who gave you
+the orders?" He said "Major Roland." "Let us go up and see him." We
+walked up from Cherry Street to Triangular block, where Roland, who was
+commander of the Post, had his headquarters. The room was full of men
+and officers, among whom I recognized Captain Napier, who had lost a
+limb in Virginia; the rest were all strangers to me. Major Roland
+addressed himself to me "What can I do for you?" "You had me arrested."
+Colson was standing there; I looked at him; he said "You gave me the
+orders." "What is your name?" "Isaac Hermann." Roland brightened up;
+"You are the fellow I was after; you are reported as a deserter." I
+pulled my furlough, which was somewhat dilapidated from constant wear
+and tear; he scrutinized it closely, handing it back to me, saying,
+"This paper is forged; some brother countryman fixed it up for you."
+"You are a liar," I said. Quick as lightning he grabbed and drew his
+sword, which was lying on the table, exclaiming as he faced me, "I am an
+officer." In the meantime I executed a half about, drawing my pistol,
+saying: "I am a private; if you make a move I'll put daylight through
+you." And there we stood, facing each other for a few seconds, when one
+of the officers in the room approached me, saying in a whisper, "Put up
+your pistol, I am your friend." "Who are you?" "I am Paton Colquitt,
+Colonel of the 46th Ga. Reg't., stationed at Charleston, S. C., I am on
+my way to my command, but intend now to remain to see you out." I
+extended my hand and he shook it heartily. Major Roland looked very
+pale; the rest of the company present looked on with interest. Roland
+ordered a Sergeant and four men as a guard to escort me to the guard
+house. I said "I'll die first, right here, before I'll march through
+Macon, guarded like a horse thief. I have not done anything to be
+arrested for; I am known in Macon and will not submit to any such
+indignity." Colonel Colquitt stepped up to the table, saying, "Will you
+take me as sponsor for this gentleman, to report at any place you may
+designate, without a guard?" Roland could not refuse, so trembling he
+wrote me (a billet de logement): "To the Officer in Command at the
+Calaboose: Admit the Bearer. By order of Major Roland, Commanding
+Provost Post, Macon, Georgia." Before calling at the prison I passed to
+where my cousin lived. I stated what had happened, so that she would not
+look for me, as I was stopping at her house. She was much distressed and
+feared personal harm would befall me. I reassured her the best I knew
+how and requested her to let me have a blanket, if she could spare one,
+so that I could sleep on it that night. I rolled the blanket, tied the
+ends together with a string and drew it across my shoulder. On the way I
+thought of the threat Captain Howell made at Bryant County, Camp Arnold,
+when Sergt. Hines reported to me what he said, that he would get me yet.
+I was mad; I was honor bound to report at the calaboose. Col. Colquitt
+was my sponsor, I could not go back on him. Finally I arrived at the
+prison, an old building, about 25 by 40; it might have been used as a
+stable. I presented my ticket for admittance, the officer looked at it,
+read it, then looked at me and smiled, and said, "Well, this is
+unusual." I disengaged myself of the blanket, as he unlocked the door.
+The room was packed with men, among them some Yankees, or some in
+Federal uniforms. As the door was locked behind me one of the inmates
+hollowed. "There is a new comer, he must sing us a song;" I remarked, I
+rather felt like fighting than singing just now, when a big strapping
+fellow presented himself, with his coat off, saying, as he put himself
+in a fighting attitude, "Here is your mule;" I answered as I hit him,
+"Here is your rider." I struck him such an unexpected blow that it
+stunned him, when he said he had enough, as I was to double him. He
+apologized, saying he was just funning; I answered and said, "I meant
+it, and you believe it now; I am obliged to you for having given me this
+opportunity, for I have been badly treated." I need not say that I was
+respectfully treated by the rest of the inmates. And while room to lay
+down was at a premium, I had all I needed for that purpose. The
+following morning at the break of day, my name was called at the wicket;
+I answered. The door swung open and there stood Col. Colquitt, smiling.
+"Well, you are a free man"; "How did you do it!" "Ask me no questions
+and I'll tell you no lies." I said, "Let me get my blanket I borrowed on
+the way." He answered: "The train that will carry me to my regiment will
+leave in half an hour, and I have done what I intended before going; I
+wish I had a thousand men like you, and I would walk through Yankeedom."
+I thanked him heartily for what he said and did, promising never to
+forget it, and I never have. We walked some distance together, the
+atmosphere was chilly, and I proposed to him if he would accept a treat
+from me in the way of a drink; he said, "With great pleasure." We found
+a place on our way to the depot, which was not very far, as the
+Calaboose was situated a little back of the Brown House, and we drank a
+drink of as mean potato whiskey, the only kind the men had, at one
+dollar a dram, that was ever distilled.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+
+As matters now stood, I was determined not to return to my Company until
+I was entirely recovered to my usual health. So I reported to Dr. Green
+in charge of the Floyd House Hospital for treatment. He asked me what
+was the matter with me; I told him I did not know. He stripped me and
+made a thorough examination, and when he got through he said, "You have
+an enlargement of the heart, and ought not to be exposed." He prescribed
+for me, and I reported to him daily until my furlough had expired. I
+felt a great deal better and was about ready to return to my command,
+but Dr. Green advised me not to do it yet awhile. I said, "My furlough
+is out;" He said, "That does not make any difference, you are under my
+charge for the present." In the meantime Major Roland was removed as
+Commander of the Post at Macon and Col. Aiken was appointed in his
+stead. While in the Hospital I made myself useful, and Dr. Green
+appointed me General Ward-Master. My duties were to look over the entire
+wards and see that those under me did their duty, and that all inmates
+were properly attended to. One good morning Sergt. Haywood Ainsworth
+came to me, saying, "Ike I have in my possession a letter for the
+Commander of the Post, Col. Aiken, from Capt. Evan P. Howell; he is
+giving you the devil; he sent me after you. If you go with me to the
+command I will not deliver it." I said, "Haywood, do you know what he
+writes in that letter?" "No, not exactly, but it is very severe." "I'd
+like to see what he says." "Have you seen Col. Aiken; does he know you?"
+No. "I will tell you what we will do; you give me the letter and I will
+deliver it myself; you can see that I do it, he will not know me from
+you, as he does not know either of us." Ainsworth laughed and says,
+"Well as you say." So we both marched up to the Provost Marshal's
+office. Col. Aiken was sitting in a chair at his desk. I walked up to
+him, gave him the military salute, handed him the letter and took my
+position behind his chair, looking over his shoulder as he read the
+letter. Capt. Howell did not at all times write a very legible hand for
+one not used to his writing; hence I being used to it, got through
+before the Colonel did, I took a little step to my left and rear,
+awaiting Col. Aiken's orders. "Sergeant, where is the man?" asked he.
+"He is in the Floyd house hospital, in charge of Dr. Green." "Is he
+sick." "I suppose so." "Then he is under proper authority, I can do
+nothing in this case, as it stands. You go and see Dr. Green and ask him
+if Hermann is well enough to be discharged and go to camp. If so and he
+refuses to go, come to me and I will give the necessary assistance
+required." I thanked him, saying, "Col. I do not think there will be any
+necessity for me to trouble you further," and Haywood and myself left,
+laughing all the way. Sergt. Ainsworth then said, Well Ike, you are a
+good one, I know you won't give me away. I said, You surely do not think
+that of me. Oh no! I have all confidence in you. Well, what are you
+going to do? I will go back with you; I shall face the gentleman and
+tell him what I think of him. What was in the letter, what did he say?
+He stated in the letter that I was a very desperate character; that I
+left in time of battle; that he had used all his efforts to get me back
+to my command, and had failed. To please give Sergt. Ainsworth all
+necessary assistance to accomplish that object. Continuing, I said,
+Haywood, you like to go home; so do I. Suppose we go to Washington
+county for a few days, say until Friday. You living in town put a notice
+in the paper, stating that you will return to our camp which is now at
+Dalton, and will take pleasure in forwarding anything that may be sent
+to the boys from their friends and families. Sergt. Ainsworth said, That
+is a good idea. I said, Well I will meet you at Tennille Friday on the
+night train. But before we go, I must have the approval of Dr. Green,
+under whose charge I now am; so we went to see Dr. Green: I stated to
+him that I would like to return to my command. He said, You are not well
+enough to do camp duty. I said, Well, under circumstances as they are, I
+am willing to take my chances. I stated to him the facts as they were,
+in the presence of Sergt. Ainsworth, who coincided to everything I said.
+Then I remarked, Doctor, you have been very kind to me, and done me lots
+of good, for which I am very grateful, but I can't rest under such
+imputation; I intend to straighten matters out. So he said, Well, if I
+can do anything for you or be any service to you, let me know what it is
+and I will be glad to do it. I said, All I want is for you to give me a
+statement under what condition I placed myself under your care, and the
+date of my admittance and discharge, and your opinion as to my present
+condition for active service. He said he would do that, he would make a
+statement and have it ready in an hour. In the meantime Sergt. Ainsworth
+and myself took a stroll through the city. I told my relatives and
+friends good bye. We returned to the hospital, they were all sorry I
+left them. Doctor Green gave me the papers I required, I put them in my
+pocket unopened. He said, If there is anything else you need, let me
+know. I thanked him very kindly, and we left for Washington county.
+Sergt. Ainsworth said to me, Dr. Green seems to think a great deal of
+you; he seems to be a perfect gentleman. I said, Yes, everybody who
+comes in contact with him likes him; he is a very conscientious Doctor
+and is very attentive to his business. Friday night I took the train at
+Davisboro; I had about a dozen boxes for the boys in camp, under my
+charge at Tennille. Sergt. Ainsworth met me with as many more boxes, and
+we travelled to Dalton; it took us two nights and a day to get there. It
+was Sunday morning early, when we reached camp. The boys were all glad
+to see us, we delivered our trust and there was plenty of good things to
+eat in camp, in consequence of our forethought. During my absence from
+camp Dr. Stewart was transferred and Dr. Beauchamp took his place. I had
+never seen him before, so I at once reported to him, gave him my papers
+from Dr. Green and he at once relieved me from active duty. Then I
+stated to him why I had returned to camp, and the feud that existed
+between Capt. Howell and myself, and what he had done and said. So I was
+determined to face the worst. I walked about that day among the boys in
+camp, all of whom were my friends; if I had an enemy in camp outside of
+Capt. Howell, I did not know it. About four o'clock p. m. I bethought
+myself since I was not arrested after the awful charges having been made
+against me, I had probably better report my presence, although every one
+in camp, Captain included, knew I was there. So I just met Sergt. Hines,
+being very intimate with him, I said, Bill, you want to have some fun?
+Come with me, I am going to report at headquarters; since all that
+hullabaloo I am still unmolested. The officers quarters were about one
+hundred yards up on a ridge from where the pieces were parked. Capt.
+Howell was sitting in front of his tent. I gave him the salute, saying,
+Well, here I am. He answered, I thought I never would see you again. I
+said probably you would not, if it had not been for some d----d lies
+written to Col. Aiken, Provost Marshal at Macon. Who wrote them? Capt.
+Evan P. Howell, Comdg. Battery. If you think that I am afraid of powder
+and ball, try me ten steps. Do you mean it as a challenge? You are an
+officer; I am a private; it is for you to construe it as you see fit.
+I'll have you court-martialed and shot. I dare you to do it. In the
+meantime Sergt. Hines was swinging to my jacket and we withdrew. So
+Hines said, If I had known that you would get mad that way I would not
+have come with you. So I remarked, I wanted you to come and be a
+witness, as to what should pass between him and me. A half hour later
+Sergt. Hines came to me, saying, Ike, you are on duty tonight. By whose
+orders? Capt. Howell's. I said, It is not a rule to put a man on guard
+duty who had passed two nights in succession without sleep, he might
+fall asleep on his post. However, I did not come here to do duty, I
+merely came to see what punishment Capt. Howell would inflict on me, as
+he stated that I deserted; and again, I am relieved from duty by Dr.
+Beauchamp. Sergt. Hines made his report. I saw Capt. Howell hastily walk
+over to Dr. Beauchamp's quarters and expostulated with him as to my
+ability of doing duty, thus impugning the Doctor's capacity as a
+physician, he who after a thorough examination having passed on my
+condition; I heard Dr. Beauchamp speaking in a loud voice: "Capt.
+Howell, if you would attend to your duty as faithfully as I do mine you
+would get along better with your men." Howell replied that he would
+have me examined by a Board of Physicians. That's all right, that is
+exactly what Hermann asked me to have done and I have already set him
+down to meet the Board at Dalton on next Wednesday. In the meantime Dr.
+Beauchamp treated me and I reported to him daily, when able to be up; if
+not he came to my quarters.
+
+[Illustration: "I am a private--if you make a move I'll put daylight
+through you."]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+
+Wednesday came, the day I was to report before the Board; I was not
+feeling as well as I had a day or so previous. I went to Bell, our
+ambulance driver, saying Joe, I have to meet the Board today at Dalton,
+you will have to carry me there. He answered he could not do it as he
+had orders from Capt. Howell to have the ambulance ready for him, as he
+wanted to make a social call, so I said no more. Dr. Beauchamp who saw
+me walking about in camp, came to me saying, I thought you were going to
+Dalton today. I said I would go but Mr. Bell said the Capt. engaged the
+ambulance to go on a social call; I thought that vehicle belonged to
+your department and is intended for the sick only. So it is, says the
+Doctor, and I am going to see about it. I said, Doctor, I do not feel
+well enough to walk three miles and back today. In a few minutes Joe
+Bell drove up with the ambulance, saying, Ike, get ready, I will drive
+you to town. So I went before the field Board of Surgeons and
+Physicians. Dr. Beauchamp had sent in his report of me, and I was
+pronounced unfit for active duty and discharged from service on account
+of ill health. This action took me from under the jurisdiction of Capt.
+Howell, greatly to my relief. I thanked the Board, saying, Gentlemen, I
+enlisted for the war, and at times I am able to do some duty. There are
+other duties besides standing guard, camping out and shooting. I am
+willing to do anything I am able to do. About that time Major Martin
+came in, undoubtedly sent there by Capt. Howell. After speaking to the
+Doctors he turned to me, we shook hands and he said, Well Hermann, take
+good care of yourself, I hope you will recover and get entirely well;
+you have been badly treated, I am sorry to say. Good bye. We again shook
+hands, he mounted his horse and departed at a gallop. The Board gave me
+an order to report to Gen. E. K. Smith, who was then in Atlanta, doing
+post duty. He asked me how long I had been on the sick list, and I
+replied about three months. He said, Can you do any office work; I
+answered I did not know to what kind of work he would assign me to. He
+said, Can you write? I told him yes; so he put me to copying some
+documents, which I did to his satisfaction. The desk at which he put me
+to work was breast high and I had to stand up. The following day I was
+suffering so I could not do anything, and I had no more medicine. The
+next day I felt worse. Dr. G. G. Crawford called in the office; he was
+in charge of the fair ground hospital. General Smith said, Doctor, what
+is the matter with this man; since yesterday, he seems to be suffering
+very much. Dr. Crawford spoke to me and asked what my complaint was. I
+told him I was suffering in my chest, and I was trying to write at that
+desk and grew worse. He said, You are a Frenchman! I said Yes. He said
+he could tell it from my brogue. And he then talked French to me and
+told me he studied medicine in Paris, and having lived there myself our
+conversation grew interesting to both of us. So he turned to General
+Smith and said General, I think I can help him considerably, even if I
+can't cure him. So General said, "Hermann, you go with Dr. Crawford, he
+will take charge of you." And we left together for the fair ground
+hospital, a temporary institution, built of wood, roughly put up,
+consisting of several wards, whitewashed in and out. I found Dr.
+Crawford to be a perfect gentleman and very interesting and we got along
+like brothers; he was very kind to me. Under his treatment I recuperated
+wonderfully and in a couple of weeks I thought I was entirely cured. I
+made myself as useful as possible, still continuing my course of
+medicine. Dr. Crawford appointed me to the same position I held under
+Dr. Green at the Floyd hospital at Macon, and he was well pleased with
+my work, as well as the inmates of the hospital.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+
+General Bragg was removed from the command of the army of Tennessee and
+Gen. Joseph E. Johnston appointed in his place early in the Spring of
+1864. The campaign opened and Gen. J. T. Sherman commanded the Federal
+forces. His sanguinary and uncivilized warfare on the defenseless is a
+matter of history. His careless application of the torch, destroying by
+fire whatsoever he could not carry off, leaving the old and decrepit,
+the women and children to perish in his wake as he marched through
+Georgia, and reducing to ashes everything within his reach, within a
+scope of territory fifty miles wide by over three hundred miles long.
+Johnston's army consisted of only about half the strength of that of his
+antagonist, consequently he adopted tactics by which he reduced
+Sherman's army every time that General would make an attack. Joseph E.
+Johnston acted all along on the defensive, but was ever ready to inflict
+severe punishment. When General Sherman would force his lines of
+defense, thus General Johnston generally ceded ground. While his defeats
+were actual victories, as the cemeteries along the line of his march
+indicate. The hospitals were filling up with sick and wounded;
+provisions became scarce, especially as our territory became gradually
+contracted. So Dr. Crawford came to me one morning, saying, "Hermann, I
+want to send you out on a foraging expedition. Do you think you can buy
+up provisions for the hospital? I just drew my allowance of $10,000.00;
+it wont buy much at present prices." Yes, I can try and make it go as
+far as possible. What do you say? I remarked, Doctor, I will try and do
+my best. So he gave me two packages of newly struck Confederate money,
+all the way from $1,000.00 to $5.00 bills, more money than I had ever
+had in my possession, and I was actually afraid to carry such sums
+around with me, although I knew it was not of much value. I also wanted
+all the linen, lint and bandages that I could get. I came to Washington
+county where I was known; I put a notice in the weekly paper edited by
+J. M. G. Medlock, setting forth my mission, and that I would gladly
+receive any contribution for the sick and wounded at the fair ground
+hospital in Atlanta, under the charge of Dr. Geo. G. Crawford, of the
+army of Tennessee, and that I would pay the market price to any who did
+not feel able to contribute the same free of charge; that I would
+publish all contributions in the Central Georgian. I wrote to the
+Central Railroad Company's office at Savannah, asking them to kindly
+spare me two box cars, one at Bartow and one at Davisboro, on a certain
+day, when I would load them with provisions for the hospital. The
+officials kindly offered me the cars free of charge. It was on Thursday
+I came to Bartow. Mr. Sam Evans, the agent, gave me all his assistance,
+and provisions commenced to rolling in. Mr. Warren from Louisville, Ga.,
+sent me four horse wagon loads of flour from his mill, free of charge.
+Mr. Tarver, a large planter, brought me a heavy load of meats, chicken,
+eggs, butter, etc. Mr. B. G. Smith also brought me a hogshead of hams,
+shoulders and sides, the meat all nicely smoked, and 100 pounds of leaf
+lard, chickens, eggs and sweet potatoes, in fact the farmers of that
+section, all well to do people and slave owners, vied with each other as
+to who could do the most. I filled up the car that day with the choicest
+provisions which did not cost me a nickel. Many poor women would bring
+me the last chicken they had, and when I wanted to pay for the same
+refused to take the money, and regretted they could not do any more.
+They unraveled all the old linen table cloth and brought me bags full of
+lint and bandages. That night I forwarded the car under special
+instructions by Mr. Evans that it contained perishable goods, labeled
+for the hospital in Atlanta. The following day I went to Davisboro, Ga.
+W. C. Riddle, Simon Thomas, Daniel Inman, Ben Jordan, Syl Prince, Daniel
+Harris and others in that neighborhood proved themselves as generous and
+patriotic as the people of Bartow and filled my car to overflowing with
+all kinds of provisions, with the exception of one instance; in regard
+to his worthy family I will withhold his name. He was a well to do
+farmer and had a profession. He was a hot secessionist and made speeches
+to that effect. On the day of receiving he came up in a fine buggy, with
+a bushel of sweet potatoes. I said to him, What are they worth? He
+answered, "Four dollars," I think is what they are selling at. I paid
+the money and he departed, and that was all the money on the debit side
+of the $10,000.00. The same was published as stated in the Georgian. I
+returned to Atlanta with the last car of provisions and when I alighted
+from the car the hospital convalescents actually carried me on their
+shoulders and would not let me walk. Dr. Crawford looked on me in wonder
+when I returned my account and gave him back the $10,000.00 minus $4.00,
+and said, Well that gives me money to fix up my hospital as it should
+be. He bought sheets and mattresses and had the hospital renovated and
+made as comfortable as money could make it. Under Dr. Crawford's
+treatment I again became strong and the paroxysms of pain gradually gave
+way and became less frequent until I really considered that I was a well
+man again.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+
+My cousin in Macon gave a little social entertainment and sent me an
+invitation. I showed the same to the Doctor, and he said, Well go, I
+give you 48 hours. The following morning I hurried to the Quartermaster
+with my furlough for transportation by placing my permission on his
+desk. The train just blew the signal for departure; I picked up the
+transportation and in my hurry left my furlough on the desk. Between
+Atlanta and Griffin the guards passed through the coaches to inspect all
+papers of the passengers. When they came to me I found my transportation
+in my side pocket minus my forty-eight hours leave of absence. I
+explained how it might have happened, and hoped they would let me
+continue, but I was requested to get off at Griffin, which I did, and
+asked the guard to conduct me to the Provost Marshal, so that I might
+explain, and he could inform himself, never doubting but that he would
+wire and inform himself of the correctness of my statement and let me
+proceed. Instead, he told me he had heard such statements before and
+informed the guard to be especially vigilant in regard to me, so I was
+conducted to an old livery stable that served as a prison. This was in
+Dec. 1863. I spoke to my guard if there was not a way by which I could
+communicate with Dr. Crawford in Atlanta; he said he did not know. I
+said, Please tell the Provost to write to Dr. Crawford about me.
+Presently one of the guards brought me a broom, saying, It is a rule
+when a new comer comes to make him sweep out the calaboose. I said, Well
+this time you will have to break your rule. Do I understand that you
+refuse to comply? I certainly do. He went to the Sergt. of the Guard and
+made his report as to what passed between us. The Sergt. came at once,
+saying I understand you refuse to sweep out the calaboose. I certainly
+do; is it for this which I am arrested? He said, Do you know the
+penalty, sir? No, and I don't care, was my reply. He remarked, You'll be
+bucked and gagged for two hours. I again said, "You'll have a nice time
+doing it." He answered. Not so much talk; pull off your overcoat. I
+said, If I do I'll make you feel sorry for it. All this occurred while I
+was standing before the fire place, with my hands behind me. In front of
+me about five feet distance, stood a wooden bench. The Sergeant stood
+between me and it. Calling for the guard to come up, they asked him if
+they should bring their guns. He said no, only one bring his gun. They
+came up. When the Sergeant put his hand on me as if to unbutton my coat.
+I had moistened the knuckles of my fingers by passing them between my
+lips, concentrated the muscles' tension and struck the Sergeant over the
+bridge of his nose, sending him sprawling backward over the bench, his
+head hitting the pavement, and I had to dodge to avoid his heels hitting
+me under the chin. The man who had the musket made a lunge at me.
+Fortunately I had a memorandum book in my side pocket which he hit and
+dented the leaves of it half way through. I grabbed at the gun and
+caught it just at the curve of the bayonet, close to the muscle, and
+jerked it out of his hands. I made moulinets, holding the gun by the
+barrel and bayonet, and drove the whole guard, consisting of twelve men,
+before me. One of them stopped at the rack, close to the door, which was
+open, to reach for a gun, when I hit him with the butt end on the arm,
+just below the shoulder, and sent him to the ground, falling as he went
+in the middle of the street. The exit of the men out of the guard house
+was so hasty it attracted the attention of the populace so that in a
+very short space of time a crowd had assembled before the door, looking
+askance as to what had happened, among which was a Lieut. Colonel,
+judging from the ensign he wore. Advancing to me, who stood quietly at
+the entrance, at parade rest, he, undoubtedly thinking that I was the
+sentinel, asked me what was the matter, what are the casualties. I
+simply remarked, Nobody hurt on my side, Colonel. What is all this
+assemblage here doing? So I explained to him what had happened and the
+cause of it. He asked me where were the guards. I pointed out some of
+them in the crowd; they gradually approached. He asked some of them to
+lead him to the Provost Marshal, whose name was Capt. Willis, which
+gentleman (pardon the expression) he berated to the utmost, telling him
+that he was not fit for a hog herder much less to be in command of human
+beings, who ever heard of bucking and gagging in the Confederate Army. I
+am going to report you to the proper authorities, and he ordered him to
+send me back to Atlanta by the next train, so that I might prove my
+assertion. The train from Macon to Atlanta was due within half an hour,
+so I was sent back under guard of a Lieutenant and four men with loaded
+muskets, with orders to shoot should I make an effort to escape. Luckily
+in my school days, which were close to an army post, I went twice a
+week to the armory to take lessons in boxing and sword exercise, and
+while I do not profess to be an expert in those sciences, they served me
+tolerably well in the above stated instance, and others through which it
+has been my misfortune to pass. Arriving in Atlanta, I was conducted to
+the Provost Marshal. The Lieutenant in command of the guard handed him a
+letter which the Provost read, after which he looked at me, standing in
+the middle of the room, and said, Well Lieutenant, I'll take charge of
+the prisoner; you can go back by the next train. The Lieutenant saluted
+him and he and his guard departed. It was between four and five o'clock
+in the afternoon. There were two more men at the office at their desks,
+and they soon left the room, leaving me and the Provost by ourselves.
+Turning to me he said, You belong to Walker's Brigade? I said, Yes,
+Howell's Battery. He said, Well I thought I knew you. He said, Well you
+got in a h----l of a scrape. I answered that I did not know that a man
+losing his furlough was so criminal. He looked up at me in surprise,
+saying, This is not what you are charged with; you are charged with
+striking a superior officer; do you know the penalty? Yes, shot if found
+guilty. What did you do it for? About that time I had been eyeing my
+questioner all along, I thought I knew him but I could not place him. He
+was Capt. Beebee of a South Carolina Regiment. I answered him thus,
+"Well, Captain, I fought for the rights of the Confederacy for the last
+three years and thought five minutes for myself was not too much." I
+explained to him all of the circumstances leading to my present
+condition. He exclaimed, "My God, why did you not kill him?" I said I
+did my best, I only got one lick at him and I give him a good one. He
+said Go over to the quartermaster's and see if you find your papers; if
+not I will give you some that will carry you through. I ran across the
+street, asking the quartermaster if I did not leave my furlough on his
+desk that morning. He opened a drawer and handed me my paper. I thanked
+him and reported my find to Capt. Beebee, who said, I know you are
+alright, you can go. We shook hands and I went my way to the fair ground
+hospital for the night to make a new start in the morning. Dr. Crawford
+seeing me said, I thought you had gone to Macon. I answered that I had
+gone a part of the way and was brought back under guards. How was that?
+So I recounted to him all the circumstances and illustrated with a
+musket the picture of the guard getting out of my reach. Dr. Crawford
+laughed till he cried. Well you had a time of it, said he. I sure did,
+and half of my permit is out. He said, Well go and stay as long as you
+like it, but not too long. He wrote me another permit and I again made
+for the train leading to Macon. This time the guard did not come aboard
+inspecting papers, but the train on arriving at Griffin was entered by
+the guards and papers were shown. I was sitting by the window of my
+coach when I heard some one say "Sergt. there is the fellow, the same
+fellow," pointing at me. I had not noticed the Sergt. at first as I was
+looking above and beyond him, and I saw him standing right close beside
+the train, in front of the window. I put out my head to speak to him; he
+had a bandage around his forehead and both of his eyes were inflamed and
+discolored. I said to him, Sergt. are you hurt? He did not reply, so I
+said, I am sorry for you, the next time you want to have some fun in the
+bucking, gagging line you try some one else who likes that kind of sport
+better than I do. The train departed and nobody even looked at my papers
+that day. I arrived at Macon a day after the feast, but had a pleasant
+day anyhow.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+
+Before the battle of Resaca Dr. Crawford was ordered to move his
+hospital further into the interior, so he located at Vineville, a suburb
+of Macon. He pitched his buildings in front of Mr. Burrell Jordan's
+premises and sent me again on a foraging expedition. I came again home
+to Washington County, expecting to make headquarters at the home of Mr.
+Benjamin G. Smith, where I was always welcome. Mr. Smith however, at
+that time seemed to be very much disturbed and not in his usual pleasant
+and cheerful mood. I asked him the cause of his troubles; he handed me a
+slip of paper just received from Lieut. Stone, recruiting agent at
+Sandersville, to be sure and report without fail at Sandersville on the
+following Thursday to be mustered into service. Mr. Smith was a widower;
+his wife had died a couple of years previous, leaving him an only
+daughter about four years old. Mr. Smith was the owner of about one
+hundred slaves and a very large plantation. He remarked to me, Hermann,
+I do not mind going to the front, but what is to become of my dear
+little Jenny among all those negroes; this is more than I can stand. Mr.
+Smith was a great benefactor to the indigent widows and orphans, and
+soldiers' families. He contributed unstintedly to the wants of those at
+home whose male persons were at the front fighting the battles of their
+country; in fact he ran his whole plantation in their interest, making
+thousands of provisions which he distributed among them as they stood in
+need and without remuneration. This was the period of the war when
+everybody able to bear arms was called to the front, and the saying was,
+"The Government is robbing the cradle and the grave." Sherman was
+advancing; Johnston was falling back; the people were clamorous for a
+test fight, General Johnston could not see the advantage of the same and
+still kept retreating. The battle of Kennesaw mountain was hotly
+contested, with severe punishment to the enemy but Johnston withdrew and
+thus fell back to the gates of Atlanta. Referring again to Mr. Smith, I
+told him I thought I had a solution to his troubles. I said, Carry your
+little girl to Mrs. Francis, your sister; she will take care of her.
+This is only Tuesday, we will run up to Macon tonight, and I will plead
+your cause before Governor Brown, who had established his headquarters
+there. I think it worth a trial anyway, you can't lose anything by it
+anyhow. This was about 3 o'clock p. m. He at once gave orders to his
+cook to boil a ham and make biscuits and that night about midnight we
+took the train to Macon, Ga. We took breakfast at my cousin's and
+repaired to the Governor's headquarters. I saw the Governor in front of
+a table, examining some papers. I said, This is Governor Brown? He said
+Yes, what will you have? I introduced myself, stating that I was a
+member of Howell's Battery, and that on account of disabilities was
+relieved from duty and assigned by Dr. Crawford as foraging agent. I
+related the condition of Mr. Smith and his surroundings, saying, That
+man is worth as much at home as a regiment at the front. The Governor at
+once wrote on a sheet of paper, handing it to Mr. Smith, said, Hand this
+to the enrolling officer. It was an exemption from military duty. We
+took our leave, thanking the Governor. Mr. Smith was so overcome with
+the fact that I had never seen such emotion displayed by a man; tears
+ran down his cheeks; his thoughts concentrated on his "Sis" as he called
+his little daughter Jenny.
+
+Mr. Smith lived to a ripe old age. He was of a very benevolent
+disposition. He was a religious man but not a fanatic, quick answering
+and very charitable. Many now prosperous and substantial citizens owe
+their start in life to his munificence. He was as gentle as a woman but
+as firm as a rock in his convictions. In his death Washington County has
+sustained an irreparable loss and the State a true and loyal citizen.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+
+General Joseph E. Johnston was removed from command and General John B.
+Hood was appointed in his stead. Dr. Crawford was ordered to remove to
+Montgomery, Ala. In reference to the battle of Resaca I omitted to state
+that I received a letter from my friend B. S. Jordan, whom I had
+appointed as local agent to forward supplies for the general hospital,
+that his brother, Jas. P., a Capt. in the 57th Ga. Regt., and a dear
+friend of mine, was dangerously wounded. I at once set out in quest of
+him and found him lying on a pallet on the platform of the depot. He was
+suffering, but when he saw me he brightened up. I said, poor fellow, are
+you wounded badly? He said, Yes, and indicated the place. Now I have to
+refer to a little incident that transpired at the time when Capt. Jordan
+had organized a Company and was about to leave for the front: This was
+in 1862. When I had already experienced one year's service in the 1st
+Ga. Regiment. I said, Well, James, don't you let me hear of you being
+shot in the back. He was indignant. Never, replied he, emphatically. But
+when he indicated his wound, I remarked at once: Shot in the back, as I
+expected. Suffering as he was, he laughed heartily and said I want to
+explain; I said, No explanation is necessary, the evidence is before me.
+He remarked, Yes, but I want to explain how it was done. I said
+evidently by a musket ball in the hands of a Yankee, and so I teased him
+until he nearly forgot all about his wound, which was in the fleshy part
+of his hip. Captain James P. Jordan was of a noble and chivalrous
+disposition and his Company had seen much hard service. He explained
+that they were ordered forward on a double quick to charge the enemy in
+their immediate front, when owing to some obstructions his Company got
+out of line, turning towards them to align them a ball had struck him
+and he was carried to the rear. I carried him to the Vineville hospital.
+Dr. Crawford extracted the ball, and when his Uncle Burrell heard of his
+being there he had him removed to his home and well taken care of.
+
+It must be remembered matters were getting very squally; every available
+man and boy was called to the front. The battle of Atlanta was fought
+and lost at a great sacrifice to both sides, on July 21st, 1864, Gen. W.
+H. T. Walker on our side, General McPherson on the Federal side, were
+both killed. The City was sacked and laid into ruins as a result of the
+most uncivilized warfare. General Hood changed his tactics, and after
+the engagement at Jonesboro he swung to Sherman's rear, expecting by
+that move to cut off Sherman's supplies and reinforcements, and Sherman
+having now no army in front to oppose him marched through the length of
+Georgia by rapid strides to the sea, Savannah being his objective
+point.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+
+The prisoners at Andersonville, amounting to many thousand, owing to
+their Government refusing to exchange them, preferring to let them die
+in their congested condition rather than to release those of ours,
+caused untold hardships on those unfortunate fellows. Their own
+Government even refused to furnish them with the requisite medical
+relief and medicine which became unobtainable on account of the close
+cordon of blockaders guarding our ports of entry. It must be remembered
+that while we on the Confederate side had only seven hundred thousand
+available men, in round numbers, in every branch of the service, our
+adversary had, according to statistics, two million, seven hundred
+thousand men in the field, and while we had exhausted all our resources
+they still had the whole world to draw from. Neither were they
+particular then, as now, as to what kind of emigrants landed in Castle
+Garden or Ellis Island, but they accepted the scum of the world, paying
+fifteen hundred dollars bounty as an incentive to enlist in their army.
+Such were the conditions in the latter part of 1864. General Wheeler's
+Cavalry was the only force that swung close to Sherman's flanks, thus
+keeping his columns more compact and preventing them from doing more
+depredations than they did. Even as it was, they lived on the fat of the
+land, and as stated, wantonly destroyed what they could not carry along,
+to the detriment of the defenceless women and children.
+
+Dr. Crawford was ordered to remove his hospital to Montgomery, Alabama.
+I was out foraging; I was at Davisboro, Station No. 12, Central R. R.
+when a train load of the Andersonville prisoners stopped at the station.
+The train consisted of a long string of box cars. Davisboro was not then
+the prosperous little city it is now; it consisted of only one dwelling
+and outhouses usually attached to a prosperous plantation, and a store
+house; it was owned by Mrs. Hardwick, the great grandmother of our now
+Congressman, T. W. Hardwick, an elderly widow lady, who for the
+accommodation of the railroad kept an eating house where the train hands
+would get their meals as the trains passed on schedule time. Curiosity
+led me to approach the train, which was heavily guarded by sentinels
+stationed in the open doors and on top of the cars, with loaded muskets,
+to prevent escapes, when I heard the grand hailing words of distress
+from an inmate of the car. Being a Mason, I demanded what was wanted,
+when some one appealed to me, "For God's sake give me something to eat,
+I am starving to death; somebody stole my rations and I have not eaten
+anything for three days." Being meal time I at once run in the dining
+room of the Hardwick House, picked up a plate with ham and one with
+biscuits, and ran to the train, called on the man in Masonic terms, and
+handed him the provisions that I had wrapped up in a home made napkin,
+bordered with indigo blue. It was seven o'clock p. m. and one could not
+distinguish the features of an individual; it was a starless, foggy
+night. After the train left I entered the house and excused myself for
+the rudeness of taking the provisions as I did. Mrs. Hardwick not having
+been in the dining room at the time I explained to her that my
+obligations were such that I had to render assistance to any distressed
+Brother Mason; he applying to me as such; "I am now ready to pay you for
+all the damages I did," and this was her reply: "I don't charge you
+anything honey, I am glad you did it." But not so with her housekeeper,
+Miss Eliza Jackson, who berated me for everything she could think of,
+saying, "They had no right to come here and fight us; you are nothing
+but a Yankee yourself," etc., etc. Miss Jackson was a long ways beyond
+her teens, so I said, "Miss Liza, you are mad, because owing to the war
+your chances for marriage have greatly diminished, especially with the
+disposition you have." Those present enjoyed her discomfiture.
+
+Usually when troops were about to be ordered in transit, they were
+issued three days rations, all of which were often walloped out of sight
+at one square meal on account of its meagerness; undoubtedly that is
+what happened to my Masonic Brother; he received his rations and someone
+stole them. I myself often ate at one meal what was intended to last me
+three days and trusted for the future. I never felt any remorse of
+conscience to get something to eat, if I could; I felt that the people
+for whom I devoted my services in those days owed me a living, and when
+the authorities failed to supply it, I took it where I could find it.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+
+I rejoined Dr. Crawford and he sent me out again. I took the train to
+Greenville, Alabama, and walked about eight miles to Col. Bowens', who
+was an uncle of Mrs. John George. Mrs. George was a niece of Mrs.
+Braswell, where I boarded. She came to spend many days with her Aunt
+while I was with the family; her home was only about three miles
+distant. She married Mr. George and moved to Butler County, Alabama. Mr.
+Bowen, her uncle, furnished me with a horse and I rode out to see them.
+Butler county is a sort of an out of the way place, and that country had
+not been overrun with soldiers, and provisions were plentiful. When I
+hollowed at the gate she recognized me at once and was overjoyed; she
+took me around the neck and kissed me. George ran out saying, "Mollie!
+Mollie! What are you doing." She said, "Never mind that is home folks."
+Poor woman, she was so overcome to see someone from home that she
+actually cried for joy. They were a happy family. I gave them all the
+news about their people, as I had just come from there. I stated my
+business and both of them set in the following day to assist me in my
+duty. Butler county, where they lived was a very hilly country, but
+tolerably thickly settled, and provisions came in by the quantities. I,
+with the assistance of my host and hostess, filled a single box of eggs
+six by three feet long and three feet high. We stood every one on its
+end with alternate layers of bran and sawdust and carried them over a
+very rough road to Greenville, together with a great many chickens and
+shipped them to the hospital, and we only lost three dozen eggs by
+breakage. One morning we heard the report that the enemy, in great
+force, was approaching. People were leaving the city. With the exception
+of a small garrison there was no defense. Dr. Crawford had to abandon
+the city, removed all that were in condition to get away, but there were
+about a half a dozen men who were too sick to be removed. The enemy came
+into the city soon after we left. Dr. Crawford remarked to me that
+evening, "Herman, I am going to send you back to take charge of the
+hospital and those poor fellows that I could not get away." I demurred,
+saying that I did not care to be taken prisoner. He said, "Listen; In
+all civilized warfare the medical department is exempt from
+molestation." I said, "From the way this war is waged it is not
+altogether civilized, but I am under your orders; I'll do what you want
+me to do." He said, "I'll take it as a great favor; I can't abandon
+those poor fellows, some one has to take care of them and administer to
+their wants." He said he did not know where he would locate but wherever
+he went I must come back to him. I was then about nine miles from
+Montgomery. It was late in the evening, and I took it afoot back. When
+passing through Macon on my way to Montgomery, I passed a night with my
+cousin, Mrs. Wurzbourg, whose husband was exempt from military duty on
+account of physical infirmity. My jacket which I wore was threadbare,
+and even (holy). He presented me with one of his blue flannel sack
+coats. I had previously been able, through Dr. Crawford, to get enough
+cloth for a pair of pants and vest. It was blockade goods which the
+Government had purchased, and it was of a coarse textile, and of a light
+blue cast, and thus I was fairly decently clothed. In those days the
+Confederate grey was very much lacking, and men, as well as women, had
+to wear anything, of any color they could get hold of. So after leaving
+Dr. Crawford, to return to the hospital at Montgomery, I stopped over at
+a cottage. The proprietor had a watch repair and jewelry shop in
+Montgomery, who owned a small plantation about six miles from the city.
+He had left the city for lack of business, and now lived at his country
+home. He was an Englishman, his wife was French. This book being written
+entirely from memory, after a lapse of about a half a century, I can't
+remember the names of those people, but they were very kind and
+hospitable. After supper we repaired to their little parlor. The house
+was well kept, and proved that the mistress of the same knew how to
+manage a home and make it comfortable. There was a piano, and I asked
+the lady, (talking French to her), if she would kindly play a little. So
+she asked me if I could sing some French songs; I said a few. She at
+once repaired to the instrument, and asked me what will you have. I of
+course called for the Marseillaise, which she performed to perfection.
+So she asked me to sing; I started the melody of
+
+    Adieu Patrie
+    France Cherie
+    Ou Chaque jour
+    Coulait si pure
+    Mon helvretie
+    Douce et jolie
+    Pays d'Amour
+    O ciel d azure
+    Adieu, Adieu!
+
+Having finished that stanza I noticed she had quit playing and was
+crying; so I remarked, "Madam, had I known that my singing would have
+had such an effect I surely would not have sung." By way of explanation
+she remarked that her first husband was a composer and that the song I
+sang was his first effort and he received a prize on it. Oh those were
+happy days she said! Her husband talked very kindly to her and the
+general conversation turned on France and of days gone by. She had lived
+in Paris and knew many business houses that I knew and I passed a most
+pleasant night. The following morning I sat down to a substantial
+country breakfast. We had hardly finished when the negro servant ran in,
+saying, "Master the Yankees are coming. They are here." Looking up the
+road, sure enough, a few hundred yards beyond where the road turned,
+they were in view. I at once, on the first impulse, jumped into a
+closet. Hardly was I in, closing the door, when I thought of this being
+the first place they would examine. I opened the door, and not knowing
+where to go I went into the back yard, between the house and the smoke
+house. Hardly had I done so when a dozen or more Yankees left their
+column entered the house very boisterously. Being dressed somewhat like
+they were, in blue, lacking but the brass buttons, I entered the back
+door, unconcernedly, mixing among them without being detected or
+noticed. Some of the men had placed their guns in the corner of the
+room; when of a sudden my hostess run in by the back door, crying, "My
+God! They are taking all of my meat." I don't know what impelled me but
+I seized a gun from the corner, ran out of the back door, brought my
+weapon from a trail to a support, and ordered the two men to throw back
+the hams each of them had in their grasp, one of which acted at my
+command, and the other said, What in the h----l you got to do with it.
+Before I could reply his comrade said to him, "Throw it down, don't you
+see he is a safe guard;" he threw down the hams. I took the cue from
+what the Yankee said, although it was the first time I had heard of a
+safe-guard. The door of the dwelling wide open, those in the house saw
+me walk the post back and forth, made their exit and left the house, and
+as long as I was guarding, no more Yankees tarried on the premises; they
+came, looked about and left the premises as soon as they saw me standing
+guard, until the whole column had passed. My host came to me saying,
+Well, they are all gone, thank God, I said no, the rear guard has not
+passed. The dwelling house was constructed close to the ground, leaving
+only about a foot space in front while the rear end was about two and a
+half feet from the ground. I took my gun and crawled under the house.
+Presently there came what I thought to be about a regiment, and several
+stragglers. Finally I came from under the house. I gave my hostess the
+gun I'd taken, telling her, If I do not call for it it shall be yours.
+My host took my hands, shook them heartily, saying, "You are a hero;" I
+laughed, saying, Well, I saved your bacon; Good bye; I am much obliged
+to you for your kind hospitality, and if it had not been for those
+fellows we would have had a good time. I started on my philanthropic
+errand, not knowing if I would find the sick men dead or alive. I had
+gone but a few hundred yards when I met a Federal soldier marching
+hastily to catch up. He said, Are they far ahead; I said, No, about five
+hundred yards or a quarter of a mile. You are going the wrong way, said
+he. I answered, I am not going far, I lost something. Further on I met
+two more, who like the first, took me for a Federal. One said, Comrade
+you are going the wrong way. I said, I am not going far. How far behind
+are we? I said, Not far, a few hundred yards. And so within about one
+and a half mile I met a dozen stragglers, walking to catch up, all
+comparatively asking the same questions, and to which I replied alike.
+When about four hundred yards in front of me, and about alike in the
+rear of the last straggler I saw four horsemen, riding abreast, holding
+their carbines by the barrel and resting the butt on their thighs. I
+recognized them as Confederates. I walked up to them, asking, What
+troops do you belong to? Harvey's Scouts of Forrests' Cavalry, was their
+reply. Are there any others behind? Yes. How far? The rear of the
+enemy's column is about two miles ahead of you, said I, and there are
+about a dozen stragglers, some with guns, and some have none; they are
+separated several hundred yards apart, some single and some in pairs; if
+you spur up you can catch the whole gang; I'll tell those men ahead of
+me to hurry up. Where is Capt. Harvey? You'll find him in the Exchange
+Hotel, in town. They at once put spurs to their horses and galloped on,
+and I followed my course towards the city. I met the reinforcements some
+little distance ahead of me, and reported what I had seen and told their
+advance scouts. They all went at full speed, and later, I saw the whole
+gang of stragglers brought in. I asked Capt. Harvey what had become of
+the inmates at the hospital. He said he did not know for he had just
+arrived that morning. I went to the hospital, found things in rather bad
+shape and the inmates gone. After careful investigation I heard that the
+Ladies Relief Association had taken care of the sick and that they were
+well provided for.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+
+Dr. Crawford followed General Hood's army and established headquarters
+at Corinth, Miss. I followed at once, as soon as I could locate him. I
+bought what provisions I could along the stations. At Columbus, Miss.,
+some Federals who came there to tear up the track fired in the train as
+we passed; several of the passengers were wounded but General Forrest
+appeared at that moment on the scene and routed the enemy, killing and
+wounding quite a number of them, and thus preventing the wreckage of the
+railroad track. The car I rode in was riddled with bullets, but I
+escaped unhurt; several of the passengers had a close call.
+
+While at Corinth I was deputized to carry a message to the front, this
+side of Franklin, Tennessee. I arrived in time where General Beauford's
+men had a brush with the enemy. A stray bullet hit me in the thigh, and
+for a time I thought I was seriously hurt. I was close to a little
+stream of water. I had my leg tied above the wound with my handkerchief
+and put it in the running stream. A surgeon came to probe my wound, but
+trembled like a man having the palsy, and I told him he must not touch
+me any further; he could hardly put his probe in the hole made by the
+bullet. After a while I was picked up and sent to the rear where I was
+cared for by Dr. Crawford, who was very sorry and regretted having sent
+me. My wound was doing so well and there was no inflammation taking
+place, and by keeping cold applications on it I was able to be about in
+less than two weeks. Dr. Crawford said I did the best thing that could
+be done by keeping inflammation down by putting my leg in the stream.
+The wound did so well that he would not bother it to extract the ball,
+and so I still carry it as a memento of the war. While at Corinth the
+ladies of Washington county sent me a box. The battle of Franklin was
+fought and a victory dearly bought. Two weeks later the battle of
+Nashville was fought, and General Hood's magnificent army nearly
+annihilated. They came through Corinth the worst conditioned men I ever
+laid my eyes upon. There I met Lieut. John T. Gross of this County and
+Capt. Joe Polhill of Louisville, Ga., and about twenty of their command.
+They were hungry and in rags; I said, "Boys, you are in a bad fix."
+Capt. Polhill said, "Ike, can you tell me where I can get something to
+eat; I am starved." I said I had just heard that there was a box in the
+depot for me, let us see what is in it. I took the crowd up to the
+hospital and all got something to eat. The hospital wagon went to the
+depot and got the box. It was a large box, and was filled to the top
+with clothes and eatables. Lieut. Gross, who was barefooted, I supplied
+with a pair of broken shoes. Many of the provisions were cooked. I took
+out some checked shirts and knit socks and a pair of pants and jacket
+and divided the rest among the boys, who were all from Jefferson and
+Washington counties, and even to this day Capt Polhill declares I saved
+his life. He is still one of the Vets. and a useful and honored citizen
+of Louisville, Ga.
+
+Corinth at that time when I saw it, was only a railroad station with an
+improvised station house or warehouse. A few chimneys here and there
+indicated where had previously stood some houses. It is not far from the
+Tennessee river, about ten miles from Shiloh, where Albert Sidney
+Johnson, from Texas, was killed and General Beauregard saved the day.
+During my convalescence I walked over some of the battle ground. Being
+tired I sat down on a log. There were two logs touching each other
+lengthways. They had been large trees, about two and a half to three
+feet in diameter. Playing on the ground with my crutch I unearthed a
+bullet; presently I scratched up another. I noted that the logs were
+riddled with bullets. I picked up over one hundred pounds of musket
+balls in a space not over twenty-five feet square. How any escaped such
+a shower of lead in such a small place can't be possible. Undoubtedly
+those logs had served as a protection behind which those brave fellows
+sent forth in the ranks of their adversaries a similar amount of death
+dealing missiles.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+
+
+This brings us towards the last part of December, 1864. When General
+Hood planned his campaign to the rear of General Sherman, instead of
+following General Johnston's tactics and thus leaving the balance of the
+State of Georgia to the tender mercies of our adversaries, who had no
+mercy or respect for age nor sex, but wantonly destroyed by fire and
+sword whatever they could lay their hands on, save the booty and relics
+with which they were loaded. Howell's battery, on account of their
+horses being exhausted, could not follow General Hood's army into
+Tennessee, and were ordered to Macon to recruit. This Company had seen
+arduous service from Chickamauga to Atlanta, including Jonesboro. After
+the battle of Chickamauga, one of the hardest contests of the war, in
+which the confederate forces were successful, Howell's battery had the
+honor to open the battle from the extreme right, on the 18th day of
+September, 1863. On the 19th, which was on Saturday, the fight was
+progressing furiously, with no results, both armies holding their own,
+but on Sunday morning our forces centered their attack on the enemy's
+center, charged through their lines and rolled them back in complete
+disorder, and the victory was ours. General Bragg rested his forces for
+a few days and renewed the fight around Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain
+and Missionary Ridge. He found the enemy well fortified and ready. The
+battle was a sanguinary one; Howell's battery besides losing two pieces
+of artillery, which were recovered in the evening and returned to us,
+lost in wounded, Leonidas Hines, Frank Bailey and Corporal Braswell, and
+captured James Mullen, John S. Kelley, John Tompkins and John Braswell.
+That night General Bragg withdrew as quietly as possible and went into
+camp at Dalton, where we spent in winter quarters. At Macon they did
+provost duty under direction of General Howell Cobb. The writer drifted
+back through Alabama expecting to rejoin Dr. Crawford as soon as he
+would locate, and being intercepted by Federal troops I reported to the
+nearest Confederate post, which proved to be General Beaufort from
+Kentucky, a cavalry officer at Union Springs, Alabama. General Abe
+Beaufort was of colossal stature and an able officer, so I reported to
+him for duty until I could join my proper command. He said, Have you a
+horse? We are cavalry. I said, No, but I expect to get one the first
+fight we get into. He laughed and said, Well, you can hang around here.
+I stayed at his quarters several days. One day he seemed to be worried
+more than usual; I ventured to say, "General, You seem to be worried
+over something." He said, "I have enough to worry about; there is
+General Forrest at Selma; I have sent him two couriers and neither of
+them have reported; I don't know what became of them, whether they have
+been captured, killed or run away. I want to hear from General Forrest
+so that we can act in concert of action." The Federals who held
+possession of Montgomery under General Wilson's corps d'army, who later
+captured President Jefferson Davis in Irwin County, Ga., during the
+several days of my hanging around at General Beaufort's Headquarters, he
+asked me how long I had been in the service. I said, "I joined the first
+Company that left my county and the first regiment that left my State."
+How long had you been in this country before the war broke out? I
+answered that I came to Georgia direct from France in the Fall of 1859,
+about sixteen months before I enlisted. I found in this country an ideal
+and harmonious people; they treated me as one of their own; in fact for
+me, it was the land of Canaan where milk and honey flowed. In the
+discussion of the political issues I felt, with those that I was in
+contact with, that they were grossly imposed upon by their Northern
+brethren and joined my friends in their defence, and so here I am,
+somewhat worsted, but still in the ring. I said, General I have an idea;
+I think I can carry a dispatch that will land. I have in my possession
+at home my French passport. I can write for it and use it by going
+squarely through their lines, as being an alien. I can change my clothes
+for some citizens clothes. After a little reflection General Beaufort
+said, "Hermann, you are an angel; it's the very idea." So we arranged to
+write at once for my pass. It came in due time. The lady of the house
+where the General kept his quarters furnished me with a suit of jeans
+cloth, but begged the General not to send me for fear I might meet with
+reverses. But the General said, He is all right, he can work the scheme.
+That night I started about ten o'clock, on horseback, with two escorts.
+It was a starlight night. We passed for some distance through a dense
+swamp. The General cautioned me to be careful and on the lookout, an
+admonition I thought entirely unnecessary. He said the enemy's camp was
+about twelve miles distant, and that they had a company of scouts out
+that night, and so had we, but as we journeyed along at a walk the
+lightning bugs were so thick as to blind a fellow and the swamp so dark
+that we could only designate the road by the distance and open space of
+the tree tops and the stars. We did not however, meet any of the scouts.
+On emerging from the swamp I noticed on my right a small farm cottage
+and a dim light through the cracks of the door. I dismounted, knocked at
+the door. At first no one answered. I knocked again when a lady's feeble
+voice answered, Who is there? A friend, was the reply. Open the door
+please. The door opened and there stood in front of me an old lady of
+about seventy, I judged, nearly scared to death, trembling from head to
+foot. To re-assure her I said, Madam, we are Southerners don't be
+frightened, we won't do you any harm. Can you tell me how far it is from
+here to the enemy's camp? She answered very excitedly that she had
+nothing to do with the war, she is only a lone woman and we can't cheat
+her out of many years. You all have stolen all my meat and did not leave
+me a mouthful of corn or meat, and I am left here to starve to death. I
+said, But we are Confederates; but I noticed the woman did not believe
+me, undoubtedly owing to my brogue, as there were thousands of
+foreigners in the federal army. I lit a match and scrutinized the ground
+and noted the doors of the outhouse wide open, houses empty and the
+ground churned into dust by the horses hoofs. Undoubtedly we were not
+far from the enemy, as they were there that day and looted the premises.
+I bid the lady good night and joined my escort who waited for me in the
+road. As I was about to mount my horse I perceived ahead of me through
+the limbs of the trees, a bright light. The lady was still standing in
+the door, and I asked her what that light was we saw ahead of us. She
+said they were the negro quarters about a quarter of a mile ahead, and I
+thanked her and we moved a little forward and held consultation as to
+what was best to do, whether they should return to camp leading my horse
+back and I to take it afoot or whether we had better go together to the
+quarters, probably they might get a few potatoes and some buttermilk,
+for be it understood that we belonged to the hungry army where rations
+became very scarce, for as a rule the Confederate soldier respected
+private property and often suffered hunger rather than appropriate
+property belonging to others. They concluded they might buy something to
+eat from the darkies. The negroes in those days, as before the war,
+always had a surplus of provisions. They were well fed, in fact most of
+them made their own provisions with the exception of meat, their owner
+allowing them patches and giving them time to cultivate the same for
+their own use or to sell with their master's permission, which was
+generally only a matter of form or respect.
+
+[Illustration: The Capture of the Federal Cavalrymen.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII.
+
+
+In keeping my eyes to the front watching the light, we came to an open
+field on the right. On the left of the road was a dense forest. I noted
+some one crossing the light and heard some one screaming and hollering
+like negroes carousing. Presently the same person recrossed and I
+thought there must be some Federals about there and we stopped to
+consult. I concluded that I would take it afoot and reconnoiter while my
+escort would enter the woods where we stood and wait for me until I
+returned. I took the darker side of the road along the woods until I
+arrived close to the premises, and I circumvented the place. I noted a
+double pen log house with a large chimney at one end and a rousing
+lightwood fire in it. A step over fence about five rails high surrounded
+the yard in which stood a very large oak tree, the limbs of which hung
+low, a little above a man's head. To those limbs were hitched three
+splendid horses. In the house were three Federals, enjoying their
+surroundings. The house had a front and back entrance and the fire in
+the chimney cast its light some distance, front and rear, around the
+premises. I hurried back to my comrades and made my report as above,
+and I suggested a line of action as follows: We will leave our horses on
+the road side, about two hundred yards this side the house. One of us
+will enter the back side as I enter the front, and one of you follow me;
+Are you willing. If you do as I say we will capture those fellows
+without firing a shot. The youngest of the escort was a young man of
+about 19 years; the other was 21 years old. The younger said, General
+Beauford told us to obey your orders, and I am ready to do what you tell
+me to do. I said, Bravo, my boy. The other one was silent, I remarked,
+what do you say? He tried to answer but his teeth chattered and he was
+trembling so he could hardly speak. I said, What is the matter with you,
+are you scared? He said, No, I am excited. You must compose yourself. If
+you follow my advice and do exactly what I say and we will capture those
+fellows without firing a gun, but there must be no wobble, or they may
+turn the joke on us. I told the youngest to hold his gun ready for use
+and to make a detour around the house and face the back entrance, and I
+would give him time to get in position, and as I enter the front door he
+must enter the back door, and we must get the drop on them, otherwise
+they might get it on us. I told the other fellow to follow me and do as
+I do and not to fire unless I do. I carried a couple of colts pistols.
+As we entered the negro women and the men were sitting on benches before
+the fire, when I exclaimed, surrender! in the meantime covering them
+with my pistols and the guns of my comrades. They jumped as if lightning
+has struck them. "Unbuckle your weapons or you are dead men; be quick
+about it." My orders were executed with alacrity and we marched them out
+of the house. In the far end of the house I spied a plow line hanging
+from a nail in the wall. I appropriated the same and we unhitched the
+horses and walked to where ours were. Not a word was spoken by either of
+us. The horses were brought forward and the prisoners mounted. The plow
+line served to pinion their legs under the animals below. All this was
+done as quickly as possible. When the prisoners realized that we were
+but three, one of them commenced being obtrusive and talking loud and
+abusive. I cautioned him and his comrades that unless they moved along
+quietly and not talk above a whisper we would be compelled to leave them
+by the roadside, for some one, unknown to us, to bury them. My
+admonition had a good effect, and our cavalcade advanced in a lope, one
+leading the horses, the prisoners were riding by the bridle reins, and
+I and the other man closing up the rear. I was fearful of meeting some
+of their scouting parties, of which General Beaufort advised me of on
+our departure, but it seemed that they were in some other direction from
+us, for we noted the firmament in every direction lit up by an aurora
+borealis from the burning houses those miscreants set afire. When
+arriving close to our pickets we halted. I sent one of my escort in
+advance to announce our arrival so as not to be fired into, as it was
+only day break and still too dark to be recognized. I rode at once to
+General Beaufort's headquarters to report. He was still in bed; the
+guard admitted me. He said, I thought you were on your way to Selma. I
+said, General, I met with an accident and came back. An accident said
+he! So I stated that accidentally I captured three Federals and got me a
+horse at my first opportunity. He got up and dressed, had the prisoners
+brought before him and commenced questioning them but they were very
+reticent and evaded many of his questions. General Beaufort was very
+anxious to find out the strength of his adversary in his immediate front
+and their destination. I suggested that I change my clothing for the
+uniform of one of the prisoners who was my size, and ride in their line.
+He said, That is a very dangerous business; if you are trapped they
+will hang you. I said, I am in for the war; life as it is is not worth
+much, I'll take the chances. So that night after midnight I passed again
+our videttes, in company with two escorts who accompanied me for company
+sake for a few miles, when they returned to camp and I went it alone.
+After passing the cottage of the old lady where we sought information,
+the previous night, I put my horse at full speed and passed the negro
+quarters. No one was astir and I continued my course for about three
+miles when I saw some obstruction in the road on the brow of the hill.
+Halt, was the command. I halted, at within about seventy-five yards. Who
+comes. A friend. Seeing that I was alone I was asked to advance. As I
+approached I noted that there was a rail fence across the road, behind
+which were two sentinels, their muskets pointing at me. I remarked as I
+crossed the fence, Didn't I have a race; those four rebels run me clean
+to nearly where I am. My horse was steaming wet. I said, You see that
+fire yonder; we set the gin house afire when the rebels came up and gave
+me a hot chase. The sentinels were all excitement and kept their eyes to
+the front. I had dismounted and placed myself in line with them. I could
+have killed them both but that was not my object. Finally, seeing no
+one coming, I said they must have gone back. I mounted my steed and
+slowly rode up, in a walk, where I saw what I thought was the main camp,
+but it was only what was known as the grand guard of about a half a
+regiment of cavalry. Taking in the surroundings at a glance I noted the
+horses hitched in the corners of the fence along the road and the men
+some lying, some sitting on improvised seats around their camp fire. I
+at once rode to an empty corner in the fence and hitched my horse and
+walked to a fire where most of the men were lying down, seemingly
+sleeping. There lay one empty blanket on the ground and I laid myself
+down on it, facing the fire, which felt pretty good, for I was chilled,
+the night being cold. As I pretended to take a nap some fellow gave me a
+hunch with his foot, saying, Hello comrade, you are lying on my blanket.
+I grunted a little and turned some further when he pulled the blanket
+from under me. This seemingly roused me, and I was wide awake. I
+stretched out my arms as if I were yawning, addressing myself to the men
+next to me, "This is a terrible life to lead. Where are we going? To
+Savannah. I heard some say Savannah. That is in Georgia, a long ways
+from here; I am afraid some of us will never get there; I heard that
+there is an army of fifteen thousand rebels ahead of us within fifteen
+miles of here." He answered, That would not amount to much with what we
+have. I thought I would stretch as far as I could reasonably do so, for
+General Beauford's force was only 1,500 strong. You say that would not
+amount to much with what we have to oppose them? He said Wilson's Corps
+amounts to nearly 25,000. O, not that much. He commenced to enumerate
+different regiments, the number of cannon, etc., etc. All at once I
+heard the bugle blast "Call to Horse," and everything was active. What's
+the matter I said, seeing everybody catching their horses? He answered,
+Did you not get three days rations? I said, Yes. Well we are going to
+advance. I run to my horse and mounted. I felt that I had to advise
+General Beauford of this move, and not to pass the picket post that I
+did coming in I took down the railroad track which run parallel the
+wagon road some distance, but to my surprise there was a vidette post
+there of two sentinels. They halted me, saying, You can't pass. I
+remarked that they will be relieved in a few minutes, that our forces
+are advancing. There being a nice spring of water in sight, just to the
+left of the road I wanted to fill my canteen full of water. The road
+being very dusty I suggested that I would fill theirs if they wished me
+to in the meantime. I'll be back in a few seconds. So they handed me
+their canteens and I put the spurs to my horse. Further on I turned to
+the left into the wagon road and post haste and at full gallop rode into
+our camp, which was twelve miles ahead of me. The cap which I had
+borrowed from one of our prisoners was a little too big for my head and
+in my haste to reach camp blew off. I did not stop to pick it up, but
+reached camp in about three quarters of an hour. It still being a little
+before day a bullet passed me in close proximity and I knew that I was
+close to our lines. I stopped and held up both hands. The bad
+marksmanship of the sentinel saved me from being shot. I at once rode up
+to the General's quarters, was admitted by the sentinel and made my
+report. He was still in bed, but he got up and ordered two companies of
+Col. Armistead's Regiment to the front and deployed into a skirmish
+line. In less than an hour we heard the firing. All the forces were
+astir, and we withdrew towards West Point, Georgia, thus giving the
+enemy the right of way. The General asked me if I held any commission. I
+said, Yes, high private in the rear ranks. Well, I'll see that you will
+be promoted when I make my report to the war department. I need a
+hundred men just like you.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+
+That evening I donned my disguise as a citizen, and advanced, as before,
+to go through their lines as an alien. I rode as before as far as my
+judgment would permit to prevent the capture of my escort, when I took
+it afoot to carry out the program first suggested. I walked about four
+miles and day was breaking. As two nights previous, the country
+indicated depredations by fires. When I again, as the night before, saw
+obstructions in front of me, I walked within twenty-five or thirty paces
+up to it when I was commanded to halt and challenged as to who comes
+there, their muskets pointing at me. I said, "Me no speaky English, je
+parle Francais." Where are you going? Me no stand English. They made me
+a sign to sit down by the side of the obstructive fence, after having
+let me cross their barricade. About fifteen minutes later an officer
+with the relief guard came up. Who's that you got there? How did he get
+here? They answered I walked up. He is a foreigner and can't speak our
+language. Turning to me he said, where are you going? "Je ne
+comprenspas, je parle francais." So he made me signs to following him,
+which I did. He conducted me to a large camp fire where I saw several
+men guarding others and recognized them to be Confederates. This was the
+first time I felt my danger; I was afraid that there might be some among
+the prisoners that might have seen me before and might recognize me.
+However my fears were without cause as I did not know any of them. About
+eight o'clock a. m., the Provost Marshall General came around and
+addressed himself to me. Who are you, said he. As before, I said je
+parle francais. Oh, you are a Frenchman. Well, I will get some one that
+can speak to you. He ordered one of the guards to go to a Canadian
+Company and ask the Captain to send him a man that could speak French
+and English. Presently a young soldier presented himself. The Provost
+took him aside and I pretended not to notice them. They stepped to
+within a few paces of me; when I heard the Provost say to him, Pump him.
+I thought, He will be welcome to all he will get out of me. He stepped
+up to me and talked to me in French. I appeared to be so glad to meet
+one I could talk to, that I did not give him an opportunity to ask me a
+single question. I told him how I came here in the fall of 1859, pulling
+out my passport which he scrutinized and handed over to the Provost,
+who in turn looked at the same. I told him that I made a mistake coming
+here, that the people made it very unpleasant to me because I would not
+enlist; that I had to leave Georgia, and I am now on my way to New
+Orleans, which I heard the port was open so as to see the French consul
+to assist me back to France; that I am tired of this land where people
+murder each other. During all of our conversation the Provost said, What
+does he say. My interlocutor explained and then they all would laugh.
+Finally I said that I was hungry, that I had had nothing to eat in 24
+hours. So the Provost said, Boys, can you fix up something for him among
+you, and they all contributed some from their rations and filled my
+haversack full of substantial food, and besides contributed $10.00 in
+money. I thanked them and started off, after being told that I could go,
+but as I was apparently green I asked my questioner how far I was from
+New Orleans and if there were any more places where I might be delayed,
+when the Provost intervened with his, What did he say? Which after being
+explained to him, he said, I had better give him a pass, they might take
+him up on the other end of the line, and so he wrote on a slip of paper,
+"Pass the bearer through the line," and signed his name in such
+chirography that I could not read it. I arrived into Montgomery late
+that afternoon, and reported, as per previous arrangement with Col. Paul
+to Judge Pollard, whose daughter he married, and told that family how
+the boys were getting along. Judge Pollard was a stately old gentleman
+of great prominence in that section of the country. He received me in
+his large library and we had quite a long conversation over the
+situation. I told him that I was directed to him with the understanding
+that he would provide me with a horse so that I might continue my
+journey to Selma. He shook his head and said I'll see what can be done,
+but I don't believe there is a horse to be got within ten miles of here;
+the Yankees stole every horse and mule they could lay their hands on,
+and sure enough he was unable to furnish me with an animal, but thought
+I might, by making a long detour beyond the flanks of the enemy's
+columns, be able to proceed. That morning one of the ladies presented me
+with a tobacco bag, made out of a piece of pink merino, and the initials
+of my name embroidered on it with yellow silk and filled with smoking
+tobacco, and a shaker pipe stuck in it. It was quite a novelty and was
+highly appreciated. After having partaken of a substantial breakfast I
+bid my host and his family good bye, visited my friends Faber,
+Lewellen, Coleman and other acquaintances of the city, all of which had
+their tales of woe and sufferings to account at the hands of the enemy.
+I departed for Selma on foot. I was weary and depressed. I heard that I
+was again in close proximity to the enemy who routed Forrest from that
+city and came within a fraction of either killing or capturing him. He
+was surrounded by four troopers who demanded his surrender, when he
+threw his saber, spurred his horse and ran the gauntlet among a shower
+of bullets. I heard that in the melee he received a saber cut in the
+face. I felt sick at heart and physically worn out and took a rest and
+wended my way to Col. Bowen, who was glad to see me and offered me all
+the comforts to recruit my strength. I remained there nearly a week. I
+really did not know where to report to, General Beauford being on the
+retreat before Wilson's corps who came from via Pensacola, Florida. I
+was surrounded on every side, so I concluded to retrace my way back to
+Montgomery but when a few miles from Greenville as I emerged from a long
+lane at the end of which the road turned into a forest I noted some
+Federal soldiers. I came within a very short distance of them before
+seeing them; my first impulse was to run back, but I was tired, it
+being a warm day and nothing to protect me from the bullets, having an
+open lane where they might play at my fleeing figure. I concluded to
+give up on demand, but on close approach, seeing that they were negro
+troops I regretted not having taken chances, however great, of escape,
+especially when I was asked to surrender my arms, which consisted of a
+couple of colts 6 inch pistols, one of which I carried in a scabbard
+buckled around me and the other in the belt of my pants, which were
+tucked in my boot legs. In unbuckling my belt I contracted my body
+allowing the one in my pants to slide down my leg into my boot and thus
+only surrendered one of them. The other I carried on as I marched. The
+friction of the barrel on the ankle of my foot gave me excruciating
+pains but I continued on until I could feel the blood on the inside of
+my boot. There were other prisoners, among them General Pillow and his
+son, George. Arriving in Montgomery we were locked up in the Lehman
+Brothers building which had served as a shoe factory for the Confederate
+Government. I intended to use my weapon at the first opportunity I saw
+to gain my liberty. That night I asked for a doctor to dress my wounded
+foot. He came and asked me how that happened. My socks adhered to the
+wounds and the pains it gave me were unbearable. I told him I had
+snagged myself. He dressed my wound and I felt relieved to a great
+extent. The next morning I sent word to my friend Faber to come to see
+me and he did so. I said to him to see if he could not get me a parole,
+after he had told me that he had had some Yankee officers quartered at
+his house, saying that they were all Western men and seemed to be clever
+fellows. He promised to use his influence. Presently he returned with an
+officer and I was turned out on parole, but to report every morning at
+nine o'clock. The following morning I reported, when the officer
+commanded one of the men to take charge of me and lock me up. I thought
+the jig was up, that probably I had been reported by some one and that I
+might fare the worst for it. There were fifty prisoners; we were all
+called out to form into line and from that into column, and marched up
+the hill to the capitol, where we received some salt pork and hard tack
+to last us three days. We were informed that we would be sent to Ship
+Island, a country of yellow fever, close to New Orleans in retaliation
+of Andersonville, there to take the chances to live or die; undoubtedly
+they would have preferred the latter. About one o'clock p. m. a courier
+rode up to the capitol, followed by another. Presently we were informed
+that the war was over, that General Lee had surrendered and that Lincoln
+was assassinated and instead of being sent to Ship Island we were to be
+paroled under promise not to take up arms again against the United
+States, until properly exchanged. This brings us up to the early part of
+June 1865, or latter part of May.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+
+Thus it will be noted that while the war was over in the East, we of the
+Western army didn't know it and were still fighting, all communication
+between the two armies being cut off. My friend Faber, who was one of
+the most popular citizens of Montgomery was afterwards elected Mayor of
+the City. The following morning I prepared to wend my way back to
+Georgia. My foot was inflamed and gave me pain, so I said to a Yankee
+Sergeant who was in waiting on some of the officers there if he could
+not manage to get me some piece of a horse to ride as I was a long ways
+from home and in a crippled condition. He said, Yes, if I would give him
+my watch, which was an open faced, old fashioned English lever,
+generally called bulls-eye. I acquiesced. We marched down one of the
+main thoroughfares. We halted before an establishment which was used as
+a guard house and previously had served as a store. In its front on the
+sidewalk was a cellar. The Sergeant asked them to bring out that horse,
+and in the meantime asked me for the watch. Thinking of him as a clever,
+sympathetic soul, owing to his prompt offer of assistance, I
+unhesitatingly handed him my watch. They having entered the cellar,
+they lifted out of its confines a frame of horse so poor that six men
+took him bodily and placed him on the sidewalk. He was actually nothing
+but skin and bones; I was astonished that life could have existed in
+such a frame. I said, Is this the best you can do for me? He said, I
+promised you a horse for your watch and here he is, and he left me. The
+men were amused at my discomfiture. I finally concluded that a bad ride
+is better than a good walk and I made the best of a bad bargain. I asked
+the men if they could get me a bridle and saddle. They answered that
+they had none, so I made me a halter out of the rope around his neck,
+pulled off my coat as padding on either side of his sharp backbone so as
+to serve me as a saddle and asked the man next to me to give me a lift,
+and there I was, mounted, representing the picture of Don Quixote to
+perfection. I urged the horse forward and the men hollered Whoa! which
+command he was only too eager to obey, I eventually got away from that
+place and took the Eufaula route homeward. It was four o'clock in the
+afternoon and I was only four miles from my starting point. The animal
+had neither eat nor drunk anything while in my possession and from his
+looks probably not in several days previous. I saw as I passed along at
+a snail gait, a corral by the side of the road, with all kinds of
+contraband. There were negroes, women and children, cattle of all
+description and a quantity of mules and horses, all encircled by a large
+rope and guarded by sentinels. I passed a soldier about a half mile from
+this place. I said to him, What troops are those on the right hand side
+up the hill? He said they were cavalry. I concluded to ride up, that
+probably I might induce the officer to exchange animals with me so as to
+enable me to get along, for I came to the conclusion to abandon my steed
+and take a bad walk in preference to a bad ride. As I approached the
+camp I noticed a man sitting on a camp stool, his back towards me, his
+feet propped up against a large tree, reading a newspaper and seemingly
+greatly preoccupied as he did not hear my approach. He was in negligee,
+it being a very warm day; he wore nothing but his pants and a spotted
+white blouse shirt and was bareheaded. I left my horse by the side of a
+stump and slid off, approaching within a respectful distance in his
+rear, I said, Good evening. He jumped like he had been shot. I said
+excuse me sir, I did not mean to scare you. So he peremptorily said,
+What will you have? I answered, Are you the commander of these troops?
+He said, Yes; what will you have? I answered that I was a paroled
+prisoner on my way home; that I was crippled and had a long ways to go.
+The horse I got I bought from one of the Federals for a silver watch. It
+took me a whole day to get from the City to where I am; that I had
+noted, coming along, a corral with many loose horses and mules and I
+ventured to see if he would not be kind enough to furnish me with a
+better mount than the one I possessed. He replied, What country are you
+from? I am from France. How long have you been in the army? Ever since
+the war started. Were you forced into the army or did you volunteer? I
+volunteered sir. And you have been fighting us for over four years and
+now come and ask me for a favor? You need not grant it; good bye. And
+off I hobbled to where I left my horse taking him by the mane I led him
+up to the stump and was about to mount when the officer commanded me,
+Come back here, said he, I like your style. You are the first one I've
+met but what was forced into the army. Tell the officer in charge of the
+corral to exchange animals with you. I remarked, Colonel, a written
+order from you might have a better effect. He laughed, got up and walked
+into his tent and when he returned he handed me a slip of paper
+addressed to Capt. Ledger, and read as follows: Exchange animals with
+the bearer; Col. York, Com'd'g 7, Indiana Cavalry. I thanked him, gave
+the military salute and retraced my steps towards the corral. I
+presented my note to the Capt. in charge; he said, Pick out the one you
+want. There were some excellent animals but many were galled and not
+serviceable for any immediate use. I spied a medium sized, plump mule.
+She was in excellent order, and as I was short in funds I thought I
+could tether her out to eat grass and thus progress without having to
+buy food. So I took the mule. I asked him if he would furnish me with a
+saddle and bridle, and he let me have nearly a new Mexican saddle and
+bridle and I was once more in good shape. Capt. Ledger asked me where I
+was going. I said, Home, in Georgia. Which way? I am on my way to
+Eufaula. So he said, I believe I'll ride a piece of the way with you. He
+had his horse caught, which was a magnificent animal. Riding along side
+by side I remarked, Captain that is a splendid horse you are on. He
+said, Yes, I have a pair, you could not tell one from the other; they
+are spirited animals but perfectly gentle. Their owner must have prized
+them highly; some of the men picked them up. That's a new name for
+stealing, said I. He remarked, I suppose so, but if I could find out
+their owner I am going to return them to him; I am making some effort
+towards it. I said, Well sir, it does me good to hear you say so, and to
+know that there are some men of feeling, and gentlemen among your army.
+He said, Well, war is war. It is true that many acts were committed
+unnecessarily harsh, but I am glad it is over and I hope we will all be
+friends again. He stopped, saying, Well, I have ridden far enough, and I
+am going back. We shook hands, he wished me a safe journey and cantered
+back to his camp. It was already late and I proceeded as far as Fort
+Browder and stopped over night with Mr. Tom Wells. His wife was also a
+Georgian and a kinswoman of the Braswell family.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.
+
+
+The following morning after bidding my host good bye I took the road to
+Union Springs. On my way I caught up with General Pillow, who was riding
+in a carriage drawn by two fine mules, and his son George, who was
+riding horseback. I said, Hello! On your way home? He answered, Yes.
+What route are you going? We are trying to make Union Springs for
+tonight; father is not very well and we are making short stations. I
+remarked, I am surprised they left you your horse. He said, They left us
+our side arms and let father have his carriage and mules and me my
+horse. I rode up to the carriage, shook hands with the old General,
+whose head was as white as snow, congratulated him on his good luck of
+being able to keep his outfit. He said, Yes, it was more than I
+expected. We traveled together for several miles when we were met by
+five men, one of which, a rather portly fellow, remarked, Boys, if this
+is not Sal, I'll be hanged. And he advanced and took my mule by the
+bridle, saying, This mule belongs to me, you will have to get off. I
+said, I reckon not, drawing my pistol. He said, The Yankees stole that
+mule from me. I said, Well, I got her from the Yankees, but she cost me
+a watch worth about thirty dollars. I stated facts as they were, saying,
+I am on my way to Eufaula and I am crippled and can't walk, and I shall
+ride there if it costs me my life. So General Pillow interfered, saying,
+Gentlemen, this is a Confederate soldier on his way home; he is crippled
+and can't walk. I will pay you for the mule to end the matter. What kind
+of money? Confederate, of course, I have no other. Well, that is not
+worth a curse. That is all I've got. The men were still standing in
+front of me and occasionally touched the reins, when I cocked my pistol,
+saying, Turn that bridle loose, I am going to Eufaula on this mule.
+After that I do not care what becomes of it; I expect to take the boat
+there for Columbus. He answered, I tell you what I'll do; here is a gold
+chain; I suppose it is worth as much as your watch. I will give you that
+chain and you'll leave the mule with the hotel man and I'll get her
+there. So I said all right, when General Pillow remarked, Gentlemen,
+undoubtedly you are in search of stock; suppose you were to find any
+that belongs to somebody else, which it would be pretty apt to be, and
+the owner would come and claim it; would you turn it over to him? The
+spokesman hesitated, then said, I don't know if I would or not. I said,
+well, our arrangement suits me; what is the hotel keeper's name? He told
+me but I have forgotten it. So we arrived at our destination about one
+hour by sun and stopped all night at the house of Major Pemberton, a
+friend of General Pillow's. George and I occupied the same bed. He
+proved to be an excellent companion and we recounted many incidents to
+one another. After breakfast we parted company. I took the route to
+Eufaula, Ala., by myself, leaving General Pillow and his son with our
+host, with whom they proposed to stay for a few days, before continuing
+their homeward journey, which was near Franklin, Tenn. I arrived at
+Eufaula at about three o'clock p. m. and inquired for the hotel, whose
+proprietor I found sitting in a chair in front. Is this the hotel? Yes
+sir. A soldier on his way home? Yes sir. This is a good mule you have
+got; will you sell her? I said, How much will you give me for it? He
+remarked, I have only Thirty-Five Dollars, in Mexican silver and some
+Confederate money that nobody takes about here. I'll give you the
+Mexican dollars for the outfit. You will also give me my dinner and fill
+my haversack with provisions to last me home? Yes, I'll do that too.
+What time will the boat leave for Columbus? At four o'clock. Well, I
+have time to take dinner. I turned the mule over to him, he had me
+served something to eat and paid me thirty-five Mexican silver dollars.
+I took the chain, which was not gold but galvanized brass, and said, I
+am glad I have made connection with the boat, I will get home sooner.
+Handing the proprietor the chain, I said, There is a gentleman who may
+call for me; you tell him I made connection and went on. This chain
+belongs to him and I want him to have it. All right, said he. The boat,
+according to schedule, left for Columbus with me aboard. In Columbus I
+met Dr. Mullin, a friend of Dr. Crawford's, but could get no information
+as to his whereabouts. From Columbus I traveled to Atlanta. The sight
+that met my view was sickening. Instead of a nice little city, for it
+must be remembered that Atlanta at that time was not the cosmopolitan of
+this day, it could not have had over seven or eight thousand
+inhabitants; there it lay in ashes, the work of vandalism. The brick
+chimneys marked the places where comfortable shelters used to stand. Its
+inhabitants fled from the approaching foe, fearing even a worse fate at
+the hands of such unscrupulous barbarians. From Atlanta I followed in
+the wake of Sherman's army towards Macon, and had it not been for my
+trade with the hotel keeper of Eufaula to have my haversack filled, I
+could not have existed to the end of my journey. As already stated, the
+Country for miles in every direction was sacked and burned. I say this
+much for the New England civilization, of these days, that in no
+country, civilized or uncivilized, could such barbarism have excelled
+such diabolical manifestation. I arrived in Macon at dusk, intending to
+pass the night at my cousin's. In front of the Brown House came an
+ambulance, said to contain President Jefferson Davis. They traveled at a
+good trot, surrounded by a body of cavalry which I was informed were
+Wilson's men, Macon being in the hands of that General to whom General
+Howell Cobb surrendered that city. I was sick at heart at our entire
+helplessness and complete prostration. I called on my relatives who were
+glad to see me again among the living. They were much depressed at the
+condition of things, hoping for the best, but expecting the worst. I met
+Mr. Kaufman, General Cobb's orderly, as I was about to leave for what I
+called home. I stated that if there was a chance for me to get something
+to ride it would greatly facilitate my locomotion. My ankle, although
+still sore was healing nicely. Mr. Kaufman said, I will sell you my
+horse, I have got nothing to feed him on. I said, I will give you all
+the money I got for the mule, having given them already the history of
+my itinerary from Montgomery to Macon. He accepted my offer and I was
+again in a traveling condition. All along my route devastation met my
+view. I could not find sufficient corn to give my horse a square meal.
+Wherever I found a green spot I dismounted to let my horse eat grass. I
+traveled at night as well as in the day time and arrived at my
+destination about 10 o'clock a. m. the next day.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXII.
+
+
+Conditions there were not as bad as I had seen along the line of march,
+although they were bad enough. Mr. and Mrs. Braswell received me as if I
+had been one of their own family. I found the premises badly
+dilapidated, fences down everywhere and everything in disorder, the
+negro men gone, following the yankee army, the negro women and children
+were still left to be taken care of by their Master and Mistress. Before
+leaving the Yankees started to set the premises on fire but the servant
+intervened and begged for their good master and mistress and they
+desisted in their intentions. I asked if old Sallie could wash my
+clothes I had on, and if I could borrow something to put on while mine
+was in process of cleaning, for the enemy had stolen my trunk and its
+contents and I had no change of garments. Mr. Braswell was of very
+corpulent stature, fully six feet high, weighing about 250 pounds, while
+I, in my emaciated condition only weighed 135. One of his garments would
+have wrapped twice around me. At 12 o'clock dinner was announced, and I
+was surprised at the good and substantial meal that was served. The
+menu consisted of fried ham and eggs, corn bread, biscuits, butter and
+honey. I said, "folks, you ought not to complain; if you had gone
+through where I have and seen what I have seen you would feel like you
+live like royalty, for I have seen women and children scratch in the
+ground for a few grains of corn for sustenance where the enemy's horses
+were camped and fed." Mr. Braswell then explained how he managed when he
+heard of the enemy's approach. He took his cattle, horses and mules and
+everything he could move, deep in the Ogeechee swamp, leaving only a few
+broke down around his premises which the enemy, General Kilpatrick's
+cavalry, shot down and left for the buzzards. Mrs. Braswell asked me
+what I was going to do. I said I did not know; I was in hope to meet
+Cousin Abe Hermann, but you say he was taken prisoner. Do you know where
+they carried him to? They answered, No, that Cousin Abe was drafted and
+went, as a sutler in General Rube Carswell's regiment and was captured
+by the enemy and that they had heard nothing from him, direct. Then Mr.
+Braswell said, As long as I've got a mouthful I will divide with you. We
+are poor and I don't know how to begin with the new order of things, all
+the hands having left me. After telling Mrs. Braswell about her kindred
+in Alabama and of my ups and downs during that afternoon, I spent a
+sleepless night, ruminating in my mind as to what to do. The future
+looked dark, the country was ruined. Wherever I cast my eyes, conditions
+looked the same. The following morning after breakfast I approached Mr.
+Braswell, saying, My friend, I can't accept your proposition to be an
+extra burden to you in your already impoverished condition. He said,
+What are you going to do? I said, The next time you hear from me I will
+be in a position to make a support, or I will be a dead cock in the pit.
+I am going to leave this morning. I left for Sandersville, where I met
+many friends. While there I heard of some of the boys having picked up
+an abandoned Confederate wagon. There were about fifteen that claimed a
+share in it. The next day I went to Milledgeville and stopped this side
+at Mr. Stroters, who had run a distillery during the war. I said, Mr.
+Stroter have you any whiskey on hand? He said, Yes, one barrel, I had it
+buried. Can I get about five gallons? He said, Yes. What will you take
+for it? Five dollars a gallon, in Yankee money, the Confederate money is
+no good now. I said, I'll take five gallons if you have a keg to put it
+in. I have no money of the description you want, but I will leave you my
+horse in bond.
+
+Early in the morning I proceeded on my way to Macon, carrying the five
+gallon keg of whiskey on my shoulder. The journey was a long one,
+thirty-two miles, with a burden and it being summer time was no small
+undertaking. I arrived however, in East Macon the following day. I
+entered the woods in search of a clay root where I could hide away my
+burden. I found a large tree that was blown down, leaving a big hole,
+where I placed my keg and covered it with leaves. I marked the place so
+as to find it when wanted. I also carried a canteen full of liquor under
+my coat, and walked towards Macon. On the way I met a Federal in deep
+study. I passed him a step or two, then stopped and said, Say! He
+turned, saying, you speak to me? I said, Yes, would you like to have a
+drink? He said, Yes, the best in the world. I tell you how you can get
+this canteen full. If you bring me out a mule this side the sentinel I
+will give you this canteen full. He remarked, You'll wait yonder until I
+return. I waited over an hour, when I saw him come on a small mule. The
+exchange was quickly effected, and I rode back to Milledgeville and left
+the mule at Stroters. After eating a hearty meal I returned on foot to
+Macon, I repeated the same tactics, brought back three mules and sold
+over one hundred drinks at $1.00 a drink, paid Stroter my debt and
+returned to Washington County, left my stock with my friend B. S. Jordan
+to tend his crop, who at that time had a negro plowing an old steer. I
+said, Ben, Work your crop, for I do not know how long you can keep them.
+I returned to Sandersville in quest of the boys who claimed the captured
+Confederate wagon, and to purchase it. They agreed if I would bring each
+a wool hat from Savannah on my return I could have the wagon, which I
+agreed to. Major Irwin gave me an old set of gears and I was ready to
+carry freight from Sandersville and Washington County to Savannah for a
+living, for let it be known that Sherman in his vandalism tore up the
+Central railroad all the way from Macon to Savannah, Ga., and for eight
+months after the surrender I continued wagoning hauling freight back and
+forth, taking the weather as it came, rain or shine, cold or warm.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII.
+
+
+My first journey as wagoner to Savannah was a successful one. There was
+still some cotton through the country that escaped the Sherman
+depredators. Mr. W. G. Brown let me have two bales. Mr. Pinkus Happ let
+me have one. My tariff was $5.00 per 100 pounds, and the same returning.
+I took the Davisboro road from Sandersville, having only two mules
+hitched to the wagon. I had sent word to Mr. Jordan to meet me with my
+horse and mule still in his possession. The road was heavy for it was a
+rainy season and to make it lighter pulling I concluded to have a four
+mule team. So we put the harness on the horse and mule and hitched them
+in the lead. About that time a negro I knew, named Perry, came up and
+made himself useful. I said, Perry, what are you doing? Nothing, Marse
+Ike. How would you like to wagon for me at $15.00 a month and rations?
+Very well, said he. Well, jump in the saddle, I am on my way to
+Savannah. It was about four o'clock p. m. Perry took hold of the line
+and cracked his whip, when the horse, whose other qualities, except a
+saddle horse I did not know, commenced to kick in a spirited manner, so
+as to skin his legs with the trace chains in which he became entangled,
+I had to unhitch him. Mr. John Salter was present and saw the whole
+proceeding. I remarked, Well. I am sorry for that for I had expected to
+have a four horse team, and now can have only a spike team. Salter said,
+Hermann, what will you take for this horse? You say he is a good saddle
+horse? I never straddled a better one. What will you give me? He said he
+had no money but had two bales of cotton under his gin house and I could
+have it for the horse. How far do you live from here? Two miles only.
+All right, the horse is yours. Perry, let us go and get the cotton. Mr.
+Salter led the way where the cotton was. We loaded the same and drove
+that night to the Fleming place and camped. The trip was uneventful. We
+made the journey to Savannah in four days. There was a firm of cotton
+factors named Bothwell and Whitehead doing business in the City, and
+they were my objective point. However, before arriving into the city,
+about thirty miles this side, I met men wanting to buy my cotton. They
+offered me from fifteen to fifty cents per pound. I did not know what
+the value was; I knew that before the war started it brought about eight
+cents. However, I drove up to the firms office on Bay street. I saw Mr.
+Bothwell; after the usual greeting I said, What is cotton selling at?
+It brought .62½ this a. m., but I think I can get more than that if it
+is good cotton. To make matters short I got .65 per pound and the two
+bales Salter let me have for my horse weighed 600 pounds a bale, netting
+me $720.00. I bought me another mule and now I was again fully equipped
+and made the voyage regularly every week. I took a partner, as the
+business was more than I could attend to by myself; his name was Solomon
+Witz. He would engage freight during my absence, and we sometimes made
+the trip together. The country was forever in a state of excitement. New
+edicts appeared from time to time from Washington, D. C., Congress
+promulgated laws to suit their motives, and notwithstanding the
+agreement between General Lee and General Grant at Appomattox that the
+men should return, build up their waste places and not again to take up
+arms until properly exchanged and they should not be molested as long as
+they should attend to their daily avocations, Congress established what
+was then known as the Freedmen's Bureau, seemingly for the protection of
+the negroes, as if they needed any, as their devotion to their master
+and their behavior at home while every white man able to bear arms was
+at the front fighting for their homes and firesides, leaving their
+families in the hands of their slaves whose devotion was exemplary, was
+not that a sufficient guarantee of the relationship between slaves and
+masters? The attachment was of the tenderest kind and a white man would
+have freely offered his life for the protection of his servants; but
+that condition did not suit our adversaries. Although we thought the war
+was over, it was not over and more terrible things awaited the Southern
+people. Emissaries of every description, like vultures, surnamed carpet
+baggers, for all they possessed could be enclosed into a hand bag,
+overran this country to fatten on the remnants left. School mams of the
+far East, of very questionable reputation, opened what were called
+schools, presumably to teach the negroes how to read and write, but
+rather to inculcate into their minds all sorts of deviltry, embittering
+their feelings against their former owners and life long friends, urging
+them to migrate for unless they did they would still be considered as
+bondsmen and bondswomen, thus breaking up the kind relation existing
+between the white man and the negro. And all this under the protection
+of the Freedmen's Bureau backed up by a garrison of Federals stationed
+in every town and city throughout the Southern States. In fact the
+South was made to feel the heels of the despots. Military Governors were
+appointed. All those who bore arms or aided or abetted in the cause of
+the South were disfranchised, the negro was enfranchised and allowed the
+ballot, with a military despot at the helm and negroes and carpet
+baggers, and a few renegades such as can be found in any country, as
+legislators. The ship of state soon run into shallow waters and was
+pounded to pieces on the reeves of bankruptcy. Taxes were such that
+property owners could not meet them and they had the misfortune to see
+their lifelong earnings sacrificed under so called legal process, of the
+hammer, for a mere song. These were the actual conditions in the days of
+the so called reconstruction. Bottom rail on top, was the slogan of
+those savage hordes. Forty acres and a mule, and to every freedman,
+Government rations, was the prelude of legislation. Men who took up arms
+in defense of their sacred rights could not be expected to endure such a
+state of affairs forever, the women and children must be protected. The
+garrisons were gradually withdrawn; the carpet baggers remained and
+ruled; negroes formed themselves into clubs and organizations under
+their leadership, when as an avalanche all over the Southern states
+appeared the K. K. K.'s, called the Ku Klux Klan, or the Boys Who Had
+Died at Manassas, who have come back to regulate matters. Terror struck
+into the ranks of the guilty and of the would be organizers and the
+country soon resumed its normal state, Governors fled and Legislators
+took to the bush. But I am deviating from my subject.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIV.
+
+
+On the following trip to Savannah I met G. W. Kelley and Dr. G. L.
+Mason, on the same errand, viz. hauling cotton to market. After having
+disposed of the same we reloaded our teams in merchandise, which was
+easily disposed of, as the country was in need of everything that could
+add to the comfort or even necessities of the people. The country being
+in the condition it was, we were glad to travel together for company's
+sake. So in the evening we left and camped about twelve miles out of the
+city. As a rule one of the party ought to have been on guard, but such
+was not the case that night. About midnight I awoke and found two of my
+mules gone. I noted also that the line with which they were attached had
+been cut with a sharp knife. Following the tracks they led back into the
+city. So I left my partner at Savannah on the lookout while I went my
+way back to Sandersville, minus two mules. I managed to buy two more
+mules to fill out my team. I had to take what was offered to me, at any
+price, my partner, after remaining several days at Savannah, recognized
+one of the mules in charge of a negro. He called for the police and had
+the negro arrested. There being no legal judge, the case was carried
+before a captain of one of the military companies stationed there. The
+negro proved by a confederate that this mule was in his possession long
+before my partner claimed it was stolen, thus setting up an alibi,
+without proving as to where he got her from. My partner failed to get
+the mule and had to pay about $8.00 costs for his trouble, which was all
+the cash he had with him. Later the firm received a bill for $5.00 more
+cost but I paid no attention to it and never heard of it any more.
+
+Under the advice of their instructors, the blacks were going and coming.
+The road to Savannah was traveled by them at night as well as by day.
+Most of them were making for the cities. Savannah was the goal for those
+in this section. One evening on my way I stopped my team within eighteen
+miles this side of the City. Mr. Guerry, who was a fairly well to do
+farmer for those days and conditions, near to whose domicile I camped,
+buying some corn and fodder from him to feed my team, also such
+provisions for myself as he had for sale. At break of day we had left on
+our weary journey; on my return a day or so afterwards I passed his
+premises and to keep from walking I had bought me an extra mule. As I
+rode up I noticed Mr. Guerry and three of his sons in a pen, ready to
+kill hogs. It was on a Friday, in the month of December, 1865. It was a
+clear, beautiful, cold day. I greeted them, Good morning, gentlemen,
+this is a beautiful day to kill hogs. Without noticing my greeting, one
+of them said, "This is the fellow," when the old fellow picked up his
+gun from the fence corner and raising the same exclaimed, "You are the
+d----d fellow that took off our cook." I was completely taken by
+surprise, and the first word I spoke I said, "You lie", and I jumped off
+my mule and drew my pistol. My neighbors say they saw her follow your
+wagon the day after you camped here the night before. I said, In fact we
+caught up with a negro woman about two miles from here carrying a large
+bundle on her head, and she asked my driver if she could put her
+incumbrance on the wagon. I said, No, my mules have all they can pull,
+and are jaded already. In fact that was all the words that passed
+between her and me and up to about 10 o'clock a. m. she was either
+walking in front or behind the team, carrying her luggage. I did not
+know where she came from nor where she was going. I supposed she was on
+her way to Savannah, like the rest of them. I guess you see them pass
+here daily. He said, some of my neighbors told me they saw her behind
+your wagon. Just at that moment Messrs. L. D. Newsome and Seaborn
+Newsome and Alex Brown drove up, hauling cotton to Savannah. I was glad
+to see them. Hello boys, you of Washington County come in good time.
+Here are some fellows accusing me of stealing their negro cook. They
+said at once, Oh, no! You got hold of the wrong fellow. We know him, he
+comes from our county and would not do such a thing. He is a Confederate
+soldier and fought all through the war. Then I said, Mr. Guerry, let us
+reason together. You have always treated me clever when I passed here. I
+have never entered your yard. I always paid you for what you sold to me.
+The negroes are free and they are thought to migrate. I had no rights to
+stop the woman on her journey, but had I known that she was your servant
+I would have talked to her and advised her to go back where she belongs.
+Mr. Guerry seemed to regret his hasty words and begged my pardon, and
+insisted on all of us, to go into the house for refreshments. We finally
+shook hands and parted good friends.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXV.
+
+
+A rainy season soon set in; the streams were overflowing, and the road
+became bad and hard, to travel. On arriving at the Ogeechee river at
+Summertown I found that it had deborted its banks and was at least a
+quarter of a mile wide. I struck camp, waiting for the water to recede.
+The following day Geo. W. Kelley drove in sight. He also had a load of
+five bales of cotton and he struck camp. But it continued to rain and
+the river instead of receding became wider and deeper. The cotton market
+was declining rapidly and we were anxious to reach the market. I
+suggested to Mr. Kelley that I would take the tallest of the mules and
+sound the width of the current. The mule walked in the water up to the
+banks, neck deep, when he began to swim, I guided him when again he
+struck foothold. I rode to the end of the water, in parts only breast
+deep. I retraced my steps and reported my investigation. We held counsel
+together and concluded that by using prolongs we could hitch the eight
+mules to one wagon and while the rear mules would be in mid stream the
+front ones would be on terra firma and pull the team across. We sent to
+Mr. Coleman who lived close by, for ropes. We cut saplings, laid them
+on top of each wagon, fastened the ends tight to the wagon body so as to
+prevent the current from washing off any of the cotton while the wagon
+would be submerged in midstream during the crossing. Our plan proved to
+be a successful one, and thus we forded the Ogeechee river without the
+least accident. We repeated the same tactics for the remaining wagon. We
+reached Savannah in due time, sold the cotton and bought merchandise for
+other parties, and I received pay going and coming. On returning I
+concluded to cross the river by the upper route, at Jenkins Ferry, to
+avoid recrossing the river as per previous method. We struck camp at
+dark close to the river bank. I told Perry to feed and water the team
+while I would examine the ferry flat. Presently Mr. Stetson from
+Milledgeville, drove up and also struck camp. I considered the flat a
+very shabby and a dangerous affair to cross on with a heavy load and so
+reported, but Mr. Stetson thought it all right. The following morning at
+break of day the ferryman was on hand as per arrangements that evening.
+Stetson and his men hurried up so as to get across first and thus gain
+time. My man Perry also hurried faster than was his wont to do, for he
+was usually slow in his movements, when I cautioned him to take his
+time and go slow and let the other wagon cross first. It was well that I
+did so, for the flat went down nearly midstream, and if the front mules
+had not had foot hold in time the whole business would have drowned.
+Stetson's damage in merchandise was considerable. He was loaded with
+salt, cutlery and general merchandise. When I saw that no personal
+damage was done I bid them good bye to take another route by a twenty
+mile detour, via. Louisville, and crossed the river at Fenn's Bridge.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVI.
+
+
+The Central road was being rebuilt from Savannah and we met the trains
+at its terminals, thus shortening the distance of our journeys. The
+train had reached Guyton, thirty miles this side of Savannah and was
+advancing daily until completed to Macon. It was early in the spring
+when I met the train at station No. 6, a flat country. It had rained
+nearly daily for a week; the roads were slushy, I had on a heavy load;
+we had traveled the whole day long until dark. It was hard to find a dry
+knob to camp on, until finally we came to a little elevation. I said
+Perry we are going to stop here. He guided the team into the woods a few
+paces and unhitched, while I was looking for a few lightwood knots to
+build up a fire. Everything was wet and it was hard to kindle up a
+blaze. When suddenly there arrived on the scene an ambulance pulled by a
+team of four splendid mules and thirteen Federal soldiers alighted. They
+took the grounds on the opposite side of the road. I thought to myself,
+Now I am into it. Perry was on his knees, fanning up the damp pine
+straw, when one of those fellows called, Heigho, you black fellow, come
+here. I said to Perry in an undertone, Attend to your business. When
+the same fellow called again, Hello you negro, I told you to come here,
+did you hear me? accompanying his remarks with the coarsest words. Perry
+answered, My boss told me to tend to my business. D----n you and your
+boss, too, was his reply. As he had completed the sentence, I being
+close by the side of my wagon, reached up and took my Spencer in hand,
+bringing it from a trail to a support. I stepped to the center of the
+road, saying, D----n you some too. This is not the first time I have met
+some of you at odds, and I am ready for the fray, if it has to be.
+Everything was quiet, not a word was uttered. I still remained standing
+in the road, watching any move they might make, when one of them spoke,
+saying, Will you let me come to you? He spoke in a very conciliatory
+tone. I said, Yes, one at a time. He came to me unarmed, and said, Let
+us have no trouble; don't pay any attention to that fellow, he is
+drinking. There is plenty of room here for all of us, without any
+friction. I said, Well, if your friend is drunk, take care of him. I am
+able to take care of myself. He returned to his camp and I to mine. I
+heard him say to his comrades, That fellow won't do to fool with. By
+that time Perry had succeeded in having a rousing fire and we went to
+work on the culinary department. Our meals were simple, a little fried
+meat and corn bread and water from out of a ditch. Presently one of the
+Federals hollered over, "Say, Johnnie, don't you want some coffee?" I
+answered, "No, it has been so long since I tasted any I have forgotten
+how it tastes." He said, We have a plenty and you are welcome to it if
+you will have it. I said I have no way to make coffee if I had any. So
+one of them came over with some parched coffee and offered it to me. I
+declined it, for I had no mill to grind it, nor any vessel to stew it
+in. They insisted, bringing over all of the paraphernalia for the
+brewing of coffee and I must admit that it was enjoyed by Perry, as well
+as myself, it being the first that had passed my lips in four years.
+After our meal was completed they came over, one after another and sat
+around the fire. The conversation became general and I found them to be
+very congenial company. One brought me a whole haversack full of green
+coffee, saying, Have it, we have a sack of over a hundred pounds. I
+thanked them saying, This is quite a treat. And what seemed to be a
+disagreeable affair in its incipiency terminated most agreeably. It
+having become late I suggested that we take a night cap and retire. I
+passed around the jug and each returned to his respective quarters.
+However I slept, as the saying is, with one eye open. Early in the
+morning we fed the mules, rekindled the fire, drank a warm cup of coffee
+and ate a bite or so. We harnessed two of our mules, two of which in the
+lead were of small size, when one of the Federals proposed to swap
+mules. I said, Your mules are worth a great deal more than mine, and I
+have no money to pay boot. We don't want any money said another, we want
+you to have the best team on the road, by swapping your two lead mules
+for those tall black ones of ours you will have a real fine team. They
+then said they were on their way to Augusta to report to the
+quartermaster there, that they had receipted for four mules and a sack
+of coffee to be delivered to the quartermaster in Augusta. The mules in
+their possession were not branded as government mules but were picked up
+and a mule is a mule, so we deliver the number of heads is all that is
+required. To tell the truth I feared a trap, but while I was talking
+with one of them the others changed the lead mules for two of theirs and
+off they drove in a lope, singing, Old John Brown Lies Buried in the
+Ground, etc. We trudged along, Perry and I elated over our good luck,
+when Perry said, Well Marse Ike, your standing up to them made them your
+friends.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVII.
+
+
+I had rented the store house from Mr. Billy Smith where he and Slade had
+done business before the war, in Sandersville, and opened up business in
+heavy and family groceries. In the meantime my team was making the trip
+between Sandersville and the Central terminal, which had not
+considerably advanced, owing to the demoralized condition of labor. So I
+concluded at this particular time it would accelerate matters by hauling
+a load of merchandise with my team; hence I drove through all the way to
+Savannah. While there, on passing Congress street, I met an old friend
+named Abe Einstein, of the firm of Einstein and Erkman, wholesale
+drygoods merchants. He was speaking to one Mr. Cohen from New York, who
+had just arrived by steamer with a cargo of drygoods. He wanted to
+locate in Augusta, but owing to the Federals having torn up that branch
+of the railroad at Millen the Augusta trains run no further than
+Waynesboro. Hence he was trying to fill in the gap with teams. Mr.
+Einstein told him that I had a splendid team and that I would be a good
+man for him to employ. So he asked me if I would haul a load for him. I
+replied I would if he would pay me enough for it. He said, How much can
+you pull at a load? I said, My mules can pull all that the wagon can
+hold up. What do you ask? Four hundred dollars. Whiz, I did not want to
+buy your team, I only wanted to hire it. I said to him, Well, that is my
+price. I said, You fellows up North tore up the road, you ought to be
+able to pay for such accommodations as you can get. He studied over the
+situation a little. Turning to Mr. Einstein, Do you know this man; can I
+rely on him? Mr. Einstein replied, Perfectly reliable, I stand sponsor.
+He said, I tell you what I'll do, I'll pay you down $200.00 and Mr.
+Einstein will pay you $200.00 when you return. Mr. Einstein agreed to
+it, so I said, That is satisfactory, I shall deliver so many boxes as
+you put on to the agent, take his receipt for the same and Mr. Einstein
+will pay me $200.00 due. I had, to my regret, had to discharge my
+teamster Perry, owing to the neglect of duty, and engaged another named
+Bill Flagg. He was an old conscientious negro, very religiously
+inclined. We loaded our team and followed instructions. On arrival at
+Waynesboro, I never had been there before, so I inquired for the depot
+and found an improvised little house beside the railroad track and a man
+claiming to be the railroad agent. I have a load of goods here for
+Augusta. Put them in the car, said he. I said, count the boxes and make
+me out a receipt. He said all right. After my business with the agent
+was concluded, I asked him to show me the Louisville route, which he
+pointed out to me, with several explanations as to the right and left
+intervening roads. Waynesboro was at that time, as it is now, the county
+site of Burke county, a town of about 1000 inhabitants. It has greatly
+improved since and is quite a prosperous city of some importance now.
+
+Before we got out of the incorporation a detachment of Federal troops
+surrounded my team and ordered my driver to dismount. I was a few paces
+behind my wagon and I hurried to the front. One of the soldiers had hold
+of my mules' bridle and ordered my driver to dismount. I said to my man,
+If you dismount I will kill you; you sit where you are, you are under my
+orders. I ordered the trooper to let go my mule. He turned loose the
+bridle, but held his position with others in front of the team. The
+commotion brought together the balance of the garrison and some
+citizens. I remarked right here, I'll sell out; you shall not deprive me
+of the means to make an honest living. So the Captain remarked, We are
+ordered to take up all Confederate property. I said, I have no
+objection for you to take up Confederate property, but this is my
+individual property and your action is highway robbery, which I do not
+propose to submit to. There is a way to prove those things; I am a
+citizen of Sandersville and have been wagoning for a living. There is a
+garrison of troops in my town and if this is Confederate property they
+have had a chance to confiscate it long ago. He said, What is your name?
+I answered, I. Hermann, Sandersville, Washington County, is my home. He
+pretended to make a note of it and told me to drive on. I was glad to
+have gotten out of that scrape. On reaching home Flagg came to me,
+saying, Boss, I have to quit you. What is the matter, Bill? said I, have
+I not always treated you right. Oh yes, but I am afraid of you. How so
+Bill? I am afraid some day you might get mad with me and kill me: Any
+man that can stand before a whole company of Yankees like you and keep
+them from taking his team, is a dangerous man. You must get you another
+man. I said, all right, Bill. When Perry heard that Bill Flagg had left
+my employment he came to me, asking to be re-instated and promising to
+be more attentive to his duties. So I took him back and he remained with
+me for several years.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVIII.
+
+
+The railroad track had advanced considerably, and in the Fall of the
+year, 1866, had reached Bartow, No. 11. My partner for some time had
+taken charge of the team while I attended to the store. Once he came
+home badly bunged up and a knife cut on his cheek. I said, What has
+happened? He said he had some difficulty with the Agent and they double
+teamed on him. So I remarked, Well, you can send Perry without you
+going. I wrote to the agent asking him to deliver to the bearer, Perry,
+a load of my merchandise then in his possession, to check off the same
+and send me a list. We had at that time two car loads on the track for
+the firm. When Perry returned he failed to bring the list, his wagon
+being loaded with corn and every sack ripped more or less. I said, How
+come you to accept merchandise in that condition. He answered, the sacks
+were allright when I took them out of the car, it was after they were
+loaded one of them fellows, a white man named Smith, run around the
+wagon and cut the sacks and I spilled lots of corn. I picked up some of
+it and put in that sack, indicating a sack ¾ full. I said, Do you know
+the man; would you recognize him again if you were to meet him? Oh yes,
+Marse Ike. Saturday morning I took charge of the team and my partner
+remained at the store. I took dinner and fed my mules at my friends' Mr.
+B. G. Smith, to whom I stated the facts as told to me. He said, be
+careful, don't be too hasty. I said, Right is right and I don't want
+anything but my rights, and those I am going to have before I return.
+
+We arrived at our destination about four o'clock p. m. The Sherman
+contingency had burned the warehouse as they did all the others along
+their march. Consequently the railroad Company used passenger cars on
+the side track to transact their office work, while freight cars served
+as a warehouse until discharged of their contents. As I entered the
+office car a young man met me. I remarked, Are you the agent? He said,
+No, Mr. Mims is at Parson Johnson's house. What is your name? My name is
+Smith. Then you are the scoundrel that mutilated my goods, and I
+advanced. He run out of the door and slammed it to with such force that
+he shattered the glass panel into fragments. When I came out to where
+Perry was, he said, That's the fellow that cut the sacks, there he goes.
+Well Perry build a little fire by the side of this car for here we will
+camp until some one returns to deliver us the freight. The sun had set
+below the horizon and it had begun to get night, when Mr. Tom Wells, an
+acquaintance of mine, approached me. He was an employee of the railroad
+company also. Well Ike, old fellow, how are you getting along? All right
+Tom, how are you? I am all right. What brought you here, said he? I said
+business, I have goods here if I can find an agent to deliver them. I
+heard you came here for a difficulty, said he. I remarked, It seems I am
+already in a difficulty, I can't get any one to deliver me my goods.
+Well, I will tell you, Mr. Mims is a perfect gentleman. I am glad to
+hear it. Do you know him? No, I have never seen him, but up to now I
+can't have the same opinion of him that you have. I have not been
+treated right and I came here for justice. He said, Well, let me tell
+you; there are about forty employees here, hands and all, and they will
+all stick to him, right or wrong. I said, I came here to see Mr. Mims
+and I intend to stay here until I do see him, if it takes me a week.
+Well Ike, if you promise me that you will not raise a difficulty I will
+go after him and introduce you to each other. I said, Tom, there are
+other ways to settle a difficulty without fighting if men want to do
+right. Well I will go for him; I know Mr. Mims is going to do what is
+right, and you too. Mr. Mims came presently, and a whole gang following
+him. I said, Mr. Mims, it seems you and my partner had a difficulty. I
+do not know the cause and I do not care to know. He said you fellows
+double teamed on him and he got worsted in the fight. To avoid a
+recurrence of the difficulty I sent my driver to you and a note. You
+ignored my note and sent me a load of corn with all the sacks ripped
+open, more or less, with a knife in the hands of one of your employees.
+I berated my man for accepting goods in that condition and he stated to
+me how all of it was done. I am now here to see what can be done about
+it. I have never done you any injury to be treated in that manner. He
+said, Mr. Hermann, I am sorry it happened. I will see that it will not
+be done again. I said, Have you discharged the fellow who did it? He
+answered, No, not yet. I said, Well, I demand that it be done now. And
+what about the damage I sustained. He remarked that the road would run
+to Tennille by next Wednesday, a distance of 25 miles, and he would
+forward my two car loads of freight free of charge from Bartow to
+Tennille. I said that was satisfactory. I wanted to load my wagon; he
+said, we do not deliver goods at night. I answered that if he had been
+at his post of duty on my arrival I would have had plenty of time to
+load and be on my way back, and I wished to load up at once for the
+morrow being Sunday I did not want to be on the road. He delivered the
+merchandise and Perry and I passed Sunday with my friend B. G. Smith,
+who was glad matters passed off as they did. Monday morning we took an
+early start and by twelve o'clock I was at home. That was my last trip
+as a wagoner, but not as a soldier, as the sequel will show.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIX.
+
+
+When the commanding officers of the Confederate army surrendered and
+stacked arms the rank and file expected that the terms of the cartel
+promulgated and agreed upon would be carried out to the letter. The men
+laid down their arms in good faith, feeling as General R. E. Lee
+remarked in his farewell address to them, that under present unequal
+condition it would only be a waste of precious lives to continue the
+struggle. The following were the terms of the agreement entered into
+between General Grant and General Lee: The officers and men to return to
+their homes and remain there until exchanged and not to be disturbed by
+the United States authorities so long as they observe their paroles and
+the laws in force in their respective states.
+
+But the fellows who directed the ship of state and who were invisible on
+the firing line became invincible, when the South lay prostrated. The
+first order was from Secretary Staunton, for the arrest of our
+commanding officers. This order, however, was resented by General Grant
+as contrary to the cartel and should not be executed. This caused a
+rupture between the two and the order was finally rescinded. The next
+step was to disperse all State authority and appoint a military
+Governor. General Wilson acted in that capacity in Georgia. The same
+year, 1865, negroes were proclaimed free and military garrisons
+established in every town, city or village throughout the South. Under
+the superintendence of those militaries the Freedmen's Bureau was
+established, forcing negroes to migrate from one place to another, thus
+breaking up the good relationship still existing between Masters and
+servants. The bureau was seemingly gotten up for the protection of the
+blacks, as if they needed any protection, they to whom we owed so much
+for their good behavior during the time when every available man able to
+bear arms was at the front, leaving their families in charge of the
+negroes. The gratitude of our people was or ought to have been
+sufficient guarantee in that line. Such harmonious condition did not
+suit the powers that be, there was venom in their heart for revenge, and
+punitive measures were concocted. Never were captives bound tighter than
+the people of the South. Is it a wonder that the men of the South became
+desperate and used desperate remedies to oust more desperate diseases?
+The carpet baggers made their exit. The negroes' mind had been
+prejudiced under the auspices of those vultures. They were forced into
+societies, one of which was the Rising Sun. Some called it The Rising
+Sons. God only knows what ultimate result they expected to obtain. Drums
+and fifes were heard in every direction at night times. The woods were
+full of rumors that the negroes are rising. Men in towns made ready for
+emergencies, every one on his own hook; no organization for defense, in
+case harsher measures should be needed. When the author of this sketch
+took up the idea of a reunion of his comrades and inserted a call in the
+county's weekly, calling on the members of Howell's Battery for a social
+reunion, their wives and children, when other veterans suggested why not
+make it a reunion for all the veterans of the County. I was only too
+glad for the suggestion and changed the call to include all veterans of
+the county, and on the day specified there was the greatest reunion
+Washington County ever had. It was estimated that eight thousand people
+participated. There were over one hundred carcasses besides thousands of
+baskets filled to overflow with eatables and delicacies. The object of
+the meeting was stated to form an artillery company as a nucleus or
+rallying head and to meet organization with organization not as a
+measure of aggression but as a protection. The author was elected
+Captain. Under his supervision he built an armory and eventually the
+State furnished him with two pieces of artillery. The day he received
+the guns he had a salute fired. The boys in the rural districts had not
+forgotten the sound of artillery and the town was filled with
+enthusiasm. Some of the negro leaders called on me to know what all that
+means, I told them it was to teach their misguided people that we can
+play at the same game and if they don't stop beating their drums and
+blowing fifes in the night time when honest people are at rest I would
+shell the woods. This admonition had a splendid effect and the people of
+Washington have lived in peace ever since. The author resigned his
+commission in the year 1881, when Honorable Alex Stephens was Governor
+of Georgia. And Washington County has the honor of having inaugurated
+the first reunion of Confederate veterans. The citizens of Washington
+County and Howell's Battery presented the author with a gold headed
+ebony cane, beautifully carved, as a memorial and their regard for him
+as a citizen and a soldier. Being taken by surprise I had to submit to
+the caning.
+
+The South passed seemingly through the chamber of horrors of the Spanish
+Inquisition and punishments administered by degrees. First robbing the
+owners of their slaves, of their justly acquired property, after they,
+(the North), received from the Southern farmer its full equivalent in U.
+S. money. Second, in the promulgation of the Civil Rights Bill, in
+April, 1866. Third, in forcing the Southern people to accept the 14th
+and 15th amendment to the Federal Constitution, not as a war measure, as
+Abraham Lincoln claimed, when issuing his proclamation to free the
+negroes, but as political measures to perpetuate themselves in power.
+
+Georgia, Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, South Carolina and North Carolina
+refused to accept those conditions and in consequence were not admitted
+into the Union until 1868, although paying enormous taxes without
+representation, and finally had to submit in self defence. Virginia,
+Texas and Mississippi held out until 1870 before they succumbed to the
+thumb screw.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXX.
+
+
+In writing the foregoing reminiscences I came near omitting an incident
+that unless inserted would make them incomplete. In 1868 I went to New
+York, via. Charlotte, North Carolina. It was a long journey by rail, on
+account of many disconnections and lay overs. On arriving at Greenville
+the South Carolina Legislators had adjourned in Columbia and boarded the
+train enroute for Washington, D. C. to see General Grant inaugurated as
+President of the U. S. The body at that time was composed of a mongrel
+set of coal black negroes, mulattoes and carpet baggers. Cartoosa, a
+mulatto, was then Treasurer of the State. A negro named Miller was
+General in chief of the S. C. militia of State troops. They came
+prepared to have a regular holiday. They carried large willow baskets
+full of the best provisions and champagne by the quantity, all at the
+expense of the State of South Carolina. On arriving at Aqua Creek, which
+was about 5 o'clock p. m., we took the boat up the Potomac and were
+furnished with dinner. When the bell rang, one of the South Carolina
+Legislators, a coal black negro, took his seat at the table when one of
+the waiters, also a negro, whispered in his ear. He replied in a very
+boisterous manner that his money was as good as any white man's. The
+waiter reported to the Purser, who took the would be gentleman by
+putting two fingers in his collar, lifted him up and gave him a kick
+that sent him reeling into the engine room. The white carpet baggers
+seemed not to have noticed this little side show. However the black
+brute continued his boisterous remarks and abusing the white race, and
+that he, a South Carolina representative had his dignity grossly
+insulted and that he was going to report the incident to General Grant
+on arrival. When an old gentleman who must have been between 65 and 70
+years of age could not stand his abuse any longer, although the balance
+of the passengers were amused at his discomfiture took a pistol from his
+coat side pocket, shoved it near the negro's face and remarked, I stood
+that abuse as long as I intend to; one more word and I'll send you to
+hell where you belong, you black brute. The representative, seeing that
+this man meant what he said, kept mum. The South Carolina delegation
+undoubtedly made a report at headquarters of the above incident, for in
+the winding up of President Grant's inaugural address he expressed the
+following sentiments: That he hoped that white and black races would
+conform to the situation and that by mutual good conduct would maintain
+the peace and harmony so necessary for both races, or words to that
+effect.
+
+Arriving in New York I took in the City. It was my first trip there
+since I had landed at Castle Garden from the four masted schooner, The
+Geneese, nearly ten years previous. I visited the large firm and
+emporium of H. B. Claflin & Company and spoke to Mr. Bancroft. I gave
+him a statement of my commercial standing, such as it was, and asked for
+his advice, as it was my first attempt as a dry goods merchant. My means
+being very limited I wanted to make them reach as far as possible. He
+treated me very courteously and furnished me with a salesman, whom he
+introduced as Mr. McClucklan. On our way to the basement he asked me,
+What State? I said Georgia. D----n Georgia. I stopped at once, looking
+him squarely in the face I said, You can't sell me any goods, I am going
+for some one not prejudiced against my State, and started back, when he
+exclaimed, Hold on, you misconstrue me; I have been a prisoner at
+Andersonville and I hate the name of Georgia. I do not mean to say that
+there are no good people in Georgia, like everywhere else. Noting a
+keystone that I wore on my watch chain he said, I see you are a Mason?
+So am I, displaying a square and compass pinned on the lapel of his
+coat. We can talk together, said he. If it had not been for a brother
+Mason I don't think I'd be here today, I think I would have died of
+starvation. He told me of his transit from Andersonville to the Coast.
+When the train stopped at a country station, the name of which he did
+not know but he knew it was on the Central railroad, he gave the words
+of distress. It was a dark night, he could hardly have expected anybody
+to answer it, but someone did and before the train left some one brought
+him enough fried ham and biscuit to last him several days. So I said, It
+was wrapped in a home made napkin with blue borders. He looked at me
+with astonishment, saying, So it was; what do you know about it. I said,
+I am the fellow, and told him what I did and that Mrs. Hardwick
+commended me for it and would not take any pay and that the station was
+Davisboro. The man was beside himself. He hugged me, tears ran down his
+cheeks; he acted like a crazy fellow. He said, You can't buy any goods
+today, you are my guest. He ran to Mr. Bancroft to get excused, saying
+that I was an old friend and that he wanted to get off that day. He
+hired an open carriage and we drove over the whole city, showing me
+everything worth seeing. He carried me around to a fine restaurant and
+ordered an elaborate dinner, spent his money with the most lavish hand,
+regardless of my protestations, for he would not let me spend a copper.
+The following day I made my purchases. It is useless to say that he
+dealt squarely with me and with his advice and experience I made what
+small capital I had purchase me a very decent stock of merchandise.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXXI.
+
+
+Again when President Lincoln in 1863 issued his edict to the Commanding
+Generals in their respective territory to proclaim all the negroes free,
+as a war measure, as he claimed, he attempted on a large scale what John
+Brown failed to make a success of on a small scale, namely to create a
+servile insurrection, and thus exposing the helpless and defenceless to
+the rapacity of semi-savage hordes. But it failed, as all other attempts
+in that line have failed, thus again proving the good relationship
+existing between the masters and their servants. Compare the situation
+now with that of the ante-bellum days. When a white emissary from the
+North hired a horse and buggy from the proprietor of the hotel in
+Sandersville, Washington County, Georgia, and left with the same for
+parts unknown, he was finally located in Florida and captured and
+brought back and put in jail. The lock of the jail was so rusted for the
+want of use that it took the assistance of a locksmith to open the door
+to let him in. How is it now? A commodious building has had to be
+erected to accommodate the masses who trample under foot the laws of
+their country; the jails and chaingangs are full to overflowing, with
+the perpetrators of crimes. Those are the results of the so called
+reconstructionists. Lynching was an unknown quantity in those days;
+there was no necessity for it. The laws of the country were
+administered, justly and loyally. Courts met at regular periods and
+often adjourned the same day for the want of patronage. Some say we are
+progressing. That is true, but in the wrong direction. Retrogressing is
+the proper word to apply, especially in morality.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXXII.
+
+
+Another illustration worthy of mention in connection with the others is
+related here. A friend of mine named John J. Jordan, wounded at
+Vicksburg, Miss., one of the cleverest and inoffensive beings, owned
+several slaves by heritage. Among them was one John Foster, a mulatto.
+He was an accomplished carpenter and very active. His master gave him
+his own time and he was comparatively free all his life, he was devoted
+to the Jordan family and was a very responsible negro, however, his
+newly made friends the carpet baggers filled his brains with such
+illusions that he became a leader among the negroes, making speeches and
+made himself very obnoxious to those who were his friends from infancy.
+All at once Foster disappeared. He was gone a couple of years when his
+former master received a letter from him, dated New York, begging
+assistance to enable him to return to Washington County. Notwithstanding
+his master's impoverished condition, the money was sent him and Foster
+came back entirely reformed. He had no more use for the Yankees, his
+short stay among them cured him. What a pity the authoress of Uncle
+Tom's Cabin did not take John Foster under her protecting wings. What a
+lost opportunity! What a fine additional illustration that picture would
+have made to her already fertile imagination as the sequel will show.
+
+One day John Foster came to my house to see me. Good day, Marse Ike,
+said he, I thought I'll come to see you it has been a long time since I
+sawn you, and the following conversation took place: Where have you been
+John? I've been to New York. How do you like New York? I don't like it
+at all, let me tell you Mass Ike, those Yankees are no friends of the
+negroes. Well John I could have told you so before you went. Mass Ike,
+let me tell you what they've done. They told me I could make a fortune
+in the North, that I could get four and five dollars a day by my trade
+as a carpenter. Who told you so? Why John E. Bryant and his like of
+carpet baggers. Well did you not get it? I got it in the neck, I tell
+you what they did. I left here with right smart money, Marse John let me
+pay him for my time and got nearly three hundred dollars that I saved. I
+went to New York, and after looking around the city for a few days I
+commenced hunting work, but wherever I went they shook their heads, for
+no. I spent the whole winter there without striking a lick until I
+spent all my money. I finally applied at a shop where a dutchman was
+foreman, I was willing to work at any price for I had to live but do you
+know what they did? No John, I don't. Well they every one of them, and
+they worked twenty-five hands, laid down their tools and walked out of
+the shop declaring that they would not work by the side of any damned
+negro, and the boss had to discharge me. No, Marse Ike, the Yankees are
+no friends to we colored people, only for what they can cheat us out of.
+I worked all my life among white folks here at home and it made no
+difference, I tell you Marse Ike, the people of the South are the
+negroes friends. Well John, you did not say so before you left here. No,
+I did not appreciate what the people here done for me until I went
+North. Well, John, you ought to go among your people and disabuse their
+minds and tell them what you know from personal experience. I am doing
+that Marse Ike every day. I have not long to stay here below, I have
+contracted consumption from exposure and am hardly able to do a day's
+work. I am taking little jobs now and then. Well John, if you stand in
+need of anything come to see me. You will always find something to eat
+here and some clothes to wear. John died six months later.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXXIII.
+
+
+Before concluding these reminiscences I take pleasure however in stating
+that Capt. Howell and myself met after the surrender and after a
+thorough understanding agreed that honors were easy and by mutual
+consent to bury the hatchet and eventually became warm friends. A little
+incident, however, is worth relating here. I was a delegate to a
+Governatorial Convention from Washington County. Capt. Howell also was a
+delegate from Fulton County, the vote was very close. We were each for
+the opposing candidate, the convention lasted for several days and could
+not agree. Capt. Howell came to see me, stating that he was a committee
+of one appointed by the caucus to come to see me and influence me to
+change my vote and vote for their candidate. I said "Capt. what did you
+tell them?" He said, "I said I doubt very much that my influence would
+have any effect, darn him I could not do anything with him when I had
+the power to control him and I am satisfied that my mission will be in
+vain." I said, "you spoke well, Captain, go back and report failure."
+
+
+CONCLUSION.
+
+I would be derelict in my duty and the gratitude I feel towards the
+noble women of the South who shared the brunt of misery while their
+loved ones were at the front suffering the hardship and rigors of camp
+life, and were fighting the battles for what they deemed their most
+sacred duty. With aching heart and burning tears she bade her dear ones
+God speed and a safe return, shouldering all the responsibilities of
+providing for those who were left behind and not able to provide for
+themselves. Did they stop at that? Many delicacies and garments were
+sent to the front by them to cheer those in the field. They organized
+wayside homes for those soldiers who were in transit. They visited the
+hospitals and administered to the sick and wounded. They organized the
+ladies' relief association and in every way imaginable added to the
+comfort of those who shared the brunt of battle. The Confederate
+veterans felt grateful to their wives, daughters and kinswomen who
+banded themselves together under the name of U. D. C. They have
+proclaimed in songs and stories the righteousness of the Confederate
+cause and even at late date forced our adversaries to admit that the
+cause we fought for was right and the Courts so hold it. Would it be
+too much to ask the United Confederate Veterans to see that enduring
+monuments of imperishable material be erected in the capital of every
+Southern State to perpetuate the memory and the fidelity of those noble
+heroines?
+
+[Illustration: "I've stood that abuse as long as I intend to; one more
+word and I'll send you to hell, where you belong--you black brute."]
+
+Sparta heroism was tame indeed in comparison with that of Southern
+women, especially those who were left in the wake of the invading armies
+amidst the ruins of a once happy home. It is a half a century that has
+elapsed since the thunder of Fort Sumter shook this hemisphere. New
+generations have appeared on the scene, fraternization is progressing
+slowly, but surely, the past is relegated gradually to the rear and the
+States again assert their rights, as they see it. Therefore it behooves
+the National administration to see to it that equal rights to all and
+special privileges to none, is its duty to enforce so as to maintain
+this nation the greatest nation on the globe. The sections must get
+together and look to the wants and needs of their associates and as far
+as lies in their power assist in bringing relief. Thus past differences
+will vanish and brotherly love will again prevail and this United States
+of America will forever be united to stand in bold relief the model
+government in the world.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX A.
+
+
+LIST OF OFFICERS OF THE WASHINGTON RIFLES.
+
+    Capt., S. A. H. Jones.
+    1st Lt., J. W. Rudisill.
+    2nd Lt., B. D. Evans.
+    3rd Lt., W. W. Carter.
+    Ensign, C. M. Jones.
+    1st Sergt., E. P. Howell.
+    2nd Sergt., G. W. Warthen.
+    3rd Sergt., J. M. G. Medlock.
+    4th Sergt., A. D. Jernigan.
+    5th Sergt., P. R. Taliaferro.
+    1st Corpl., W. J. Gray.
+    2nd Corpl., A. T. Sessions.
+    3rd Corpl., W. H. Renfroe.
+    4th Corpl., John R. Wicker.
+    Color Bearer, J. T. Youngblood.
+    Surgeon, B. F. Rudisill.
+
+
+LIST OF PRIVATES.
+
+    Allen, G. R.
+    Arnaw, James
+    Bailey, J. W.
+    Boatright, B. S.
+    Barnes, A. S.
+    Barnes, M. A.
+    Barwick, W. B.
+    Brantley, J. E.
+    Brown, Jos. M.
+    Collier, Ed.
+    Curry, David
+    Curry, S. K.
+    Curry, J. S.
+    Curry, J. H.
+    Cullen, S. E.
+    Cullen, W. A.
+    Cullen, E. W.
+    Commings, G. E.
+    Clay, W. S.
+    Cason, G.
+    Cason, W.
+    Cook, A. T.
+    Dudley, J. A. Q.
+    Dudley, W. H.
+    Durden, M.
+    Fulghum, J. H.
+    Fulford, T. B.
+    Fulford, S.
+    Flucker, M. R.
+    Gray, W. B.
+    Grimes, W. B.
+    Gilmore, J. N.
+    Gilmore, T. J.
+    Gilmore, S. M.
+    Gilmore, E.
+    Godown, James
+    Gaskin, J.
+    Haines, S. S.
+    Haines, C. E.
+    Haynes, T. H.
+    Hines, W. H.
+    Hines, A. C.
+    Hines, S.
+    Hines, R.
+    Hicklin, A. F.
+    Hicklin, W. P.
+    Hermann, I.
+    Honard, W.
+    Jordan, N. J.
+    Jordan, J. T.
+    Jordan, J. J.
+    Jones, W. H.
+    Jones, S. B.
+    Kinman, W. H.
+    King, Jas. R.
+    Kitrell, G.
+    Knight, W. G.
+    Kelley, G. W.
+    Knight, W. K.
+    Lamb, I.
+    Layton, J. H.
+    Lawson, W. H.
+    Lewis, W. H.
+    Lewis, W. B.
+    McCroon, J. J.
+    Medlock, E.
+    Morgan, John H.
+    Mason, G. L.
+    Matthews, W. C.
+    Massey, S. N.
+    McDonal, J. J.
+    McDonald, A.
+    Newsome, J. J.
+    Newsome, J. K.
+    Orr, T. A.
+    Peacock, G. W.
+    Parnell, R. J.
+    Pittman, W. H.
+    Roberts, J. B.
+    Parker, W. J.
+    Roberson, W. G.
+    Roberson, J. A.
+    Robison, R. T.
+    Robison, W. R.
+    Rodgers, L.
+    Riddle, A. M.
+    Rawlings, C.
+    Rawlings, W. H.
+    Renfroe, J.
+    Stanley, J. S.
+    Scarboro, A. M.
+    Stubbs, J. N.
+    Smith, J. C.
+    Smith, J. P.
+    Smith, J. H.
+    Smith, W. H.
+    Smith, John H.
+    Slate, S. L.
+    Solomon, H.
+    Sheppard, J. J.
+    Spillars, J.
+    Tarver, F. R.
+    Trawick, A. J.
+    Trawick, J. T.
+    Tyson, T. L.
+    Tookes, C. C.
+    Tarbutton, G. A.
+    Turner, N. H.
+    Veal, R. H.
+    Whitaker, G. W. H.
+    Whiddon, B.
+    Whiddon, M. M.
+    Warthen, T. J. W.
+    Wall, C. A.
+    Wall, W. A.
+    Waitzfelder, E.
+    Wagoner, W. H.
+    Wessolonsky, A.
+    Wicker, T. 0.
+    Watkins, W. E.
+
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX B.
+
+
+The Newnan Guards, A.--Capt. Geo. M. Harvey.
+The Columbus Guards, B.--Capt. F. G. Wilkins.
+The Southern Rights Guards, C.--Capt. J. A. Hauser.
+The Oglethorpe Light Infantry, D.--Capt. J. O. Clark.
+The Washington Rifles, E.--Capt. S. A. H. Jones.
+The Gate City Guards, F.--Capt. W. F. Ezzard.
+The Bainbridge Independents, G.--Capt. J. W. Evans.
+The Dahlonega Vols., H.--Capt. Alfred Harris.
+The Walker Light Infantry, I.--Capt. S. H. Crump.
+The Quitman Guards, J.--Capt. Jas. S. Pinkard.
+J. N. Ramsey of Columbus, Ga., was elected Colonel.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX C.
+
+
+1st. Lt. John W. Rudisill became Capt. of Compy. C. 12 Ga. Battalion.
+2nd. Lt. Beverly D. Evans became Col. 2nd. Ga. State troops.
+3rd. Lt. W. W. Carter became Capt. Compy. G. 49 Ga. Regiment.
+Ensign C. M. Jones became Capt. Compy. H. 49 Ga. Regiment.
+1st. Sergt. E. P. Howell became Capt. of Martins Battery.
+4th. Sergt. A. D. Jernigan became Capt. Compy. H. 49 Ga. Regiment.
+5th. Sergt. P. R. Taliaferro became Capt. Compy. E. 32nd. Ga. Regiment.
+1st. Corporal W. J. Gray became 1st. Lieut. Sandersville Artillery.
+2nd. Corp. A. T. Sessions became Lieut. Compy. B. 12 Ga. Battalion.
+3rd. Corp. W. H. Renfroe became Lieut.
+4th. Corp. J. R. Wicker became Lt. 32 Ga.
+Private G. R. Allen became Lt. 57 Ga.
+Private James Arnau became Lt. 49th Georgia.
+Private B. S. Boatright became Lt. 12th Georgia Bat.
+Private James M. Brown became Lt. 5th Georgia Reserve.
+Private M. R. Flucker became Orderly Sergt. 12th Georgia.
+Private T. J. Gilmore became Lieut. Martins Battery.
+Private Wesley Howard became Corp. Martins Battery.
+Private J. T. Jordan became Col. 49th Georgia Regiment.
+Private W. H. Jones became Lt. 32nd Georgia Regiment.
+Private S. B. Jones became Capt. 8th Georgia Cavalry.
+Private James R. Kinman became Lieut. Company B. 12th Georgia Bat.
+Private W. G. Knight became Sergt. Company B. 12th Georgia Bat.
+Private Isaac Lamb became Lt. 53rd Georgia.
+Private W. H. Lawson became Capt. 5th Georgia Reserve.
+Private W. C. Matthews became Capt. 38th Georgia Regiment.
+Private J. J. Newsome became Capt. Company E. 12th Georgia Bat.
+Private Geo. W. Peacock became Lt. 12th Georgia Bat.
+Private J. B. Roberts became Capt. Company D. 49th Ga. Regiment.
+Private W. J. Parker became Capt. Cobbs Legiose.
+Private W. G. Robson became Lt. Martins Battery.
+Private J. A. Robson became Sergt. Company B. 12th Ga. Bat.
+Private H. T. Robson became Sergt. 12th Georgia Bat.
+Private J. N. Stubbs became Sergt. 12th Georgia Bat.
+Private J. C. Smith became Lt. 12th Georgia Bat.
+Private H. Soloman became Capt. 14th Georgia Regiment.
+Private G. A. Tarbutton became Capt. Hillards Legion.
+Private G. W. H. Whitaker became Capt. 12th Ga. Bat.
+Private Benj. Whiddon became Capt. 5th Georgia Reserve.
+Private T. O. Wicker became Adjt. 28th Georgia Regiment.
+Private W. E. Watkins became Sergt. Company B. 12th Georgia Bat.
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX D.
+
+
+    Robert Martin, known as Bob Martin, from Barnwell, S. C., was
+    elected Captain.
+
+    Evan P. Howell, 1st Lt.
+    W. G. Robson, 2nd Lt.
+    Reuben A. Bland, 3rd Lt.
+    H. K. Newsome, 1st Sergt.
+    S. J. Fulform, 2nd Sergt.
+    W. H. Hines, 3rd Sergt.
+    J. B. Warthen, 4th Sergt.
+    W. H. Dudley, 5th Sergt.
+    W. M. Cox, 6th Sergt.
+    Haywood Ainsworth, 7th Sergt.
+    W. B. Hall, 1st Corp.
+    W. B. O'Quinn, 2nd Corp.
+    W. F. Webster, 3rd Corp.
+    J. E. Cullin, 4th Corp.
+
+
+PRIVATES.
+
+    H. Allen
+    A. C. Hines
+    J. F. Bailey
+    J. D. Hardy
+    J. F. Brooks
+    Gabe Kittrell
+    W. A. Brown
+    J. E. Johnson
+    B. L. Bynum
+    A. R. Lord
+    W. T. C. Barnwell
+    M. B. Cox
+    R. W. Cullen
+    J. Curry
+    R. Dixon
+    R. E. Caudell
+    W. E. Doolittle
+    J. E. Ellis
+    Geo. T. Franklin
+    E. T. Ford
+    S. M. Gilmore
+    J. A. Godown
+    W. N. Harmon
+    Gabrill S. Hooks
+    V. A. Horton
+    C. Howell
+    J. J. Hadden
+    Ben Jones
+    R. E. Jackson
+    T. M. Lord
+    J. E. Mullen
+    H. C. Lord
+    J. W. Massey
+    J. J. O'Quinn
+    S. B. Pool
+    N. Raifield
+    Wm. F. Sheppard
+    W. L. Stephens
+    G. W. Thomas
+    W. H. Toulson
+    F. A. McCary
+    J. C. Waller
+    D. G. McCoy
+    F. M. Loden
+    J. B. Oxford
+    J. H. Pittman
+    H. L. Skelley
+    J. F. Salter
+    W. A. Smith
+    J. P. Thomas
+    R. Tompkins
+    D. B. Tanner
+    J. H. Veal
+    J. J. Waller
+    T. Webster
+    Simeon Bland
+    J. Armstrong
+    Henry Achord
+    C. Blizzard
+    T. J. Brooks
+    J. J. Braswell
+    T. M. Barnwell
+    W. B. Barwick
+    H. L. Cox
+    T. C. Cullen
+    A. Dixon
+    R. L. Campbell
+    E. D. Chaplen
+    J. C. Durham
+    B. O. Franklin
+    H. Ford
+    W. R. Gilmore
+    T. J. Gilmore
+    W. A. Grimes
+    G. W. Webster
+    T. J. Hamilton
+    Geo. D. Warthen
+    W. H. Horton
+    Lawson Taylor
+    W. C. Howard
+    All Armstrong
+    L. W. Hines
+    W. D. Bodiford
+    Red Jones
+    W. J. Brooks
+    J. Jackson
+    B. S. Braswell
+    F. A. Lockman
+    W. J. Bell
+    John L. Laymade
+    J. N. Bentley
+    N. A. Lord
+    S. B. Cox
+    W. J. Massey
+    E. W. Cullen
+    W. Oxford
+    T. A. Curry
+    F. Posey
+    J. H. Coleman
+    G. B. Rogers
+    D. F. Chambers
+    J. F. Sheppard
+    T. C. Doolittle
+    J. P. Smith
+    A. E. Erwin
+    W. C. Thomas
+    H. Fields
+    J. F. Tompkins
+    B. Garner
+    H. T. Thompson
+    E. T. Gilmore
+    W. Waller
+    R. A. Godown
+    T. C. Warthen
+    Isaac Herman
+    J. Wood
+    H. J. Hodges
+    T. R. Gibson
+    R. H. Hales
+    A. P. Heath
+
+
+
+
+      *      *      *      *      *
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+Obvious punctuation errors were corrected.
+
+The use of quotation marks is inconsistent. The text has been
+transcribed as printed.
+
+Hyphen removed: breast[-]works (p. 84), horse[-]back (p. 7),
+light[-]wood (p. 90), look[-]out (pp. 42, 52), out[-]flanked (p. 107),
+quarter[-]master (p. 111), re[-]inforcement (p. 116), turn[-]pike (p.
+18).
+
+Space added: "carpet[ ]baggers" (p. 234), turn[ ]pike (p. 60).
+
+Space removed: "knap[ ]sack" (p. 98).
+
+The following variant spellings occur and have not been changed:
+"Allegheny" / "Alleghany", "a. m." / "A. M.", "p. m." / "P. M.", "sabre" /
+"saber".
+
+P. 14: "Allaghany" changed to "Alleghany".
+
+P. 17: "missel" changed to "missle" (the whiz of the missile).
+
+P. 48: "picketc" changed to "pickets" (they drove in our pickets).
+
+P. 77: "rendezvoued" changed to "rendezvoused" (we rendezvoused at
+Sandersville).
+
+P. 87: "fiften" changed to "fifteen" (fifteen minutes past eleven).
+
+P. 104: "enables" changed to "enabled" (enabled our skirmishers to come
+in).
+
+Pp. 119, 121, 222: "Pemperton" changed to "Pemberton".
+
+P. 128: "statue" changed to "stature" (Thomas is a man of small
+stature).
+
+P. 154: "decripid" changed to "decrepit" (leaving the old and decrepit).
+
+P. 158: "paroxisms" changed to "paroxysms" (the paroxysms of pain).
+
+P. 166: "hunded" changed to "hundred" (one hundred slaves).
+
+P. 167: "run" changed to "ran" (he ran his whole plantation).
+
+P. 180: The song in French has not been edited except for adding spaces
+in the words "Mon helvretie" and "O ciel".
+
+P. 210: "run" changed to "ran" (ran the gauntlet).
+
+P. 211: "excrutiating" changed to "excruciating" (gave me excruciating
+pains).
+
+P. 246: "paraphernelia" changed to "paraphernalia" (all of the
+paraphernalia for the brewing of coffee).
+
+P. 246: "pssed" changed to "passed" (passed my lips).
+
+P. 254: "wright" changed to "right" (right or wrong).
+
+P. 260: "as" changed to "and" (as a citizen and a soldier).
+
+P. 268: "anti-bellum" changed to "ante-bellum" (the ante-bellum days).
+
+P. 270: "where-ever" changed to "wherever" (but wherever I went).
+
+P. 280: "Batalion" changed to "Battalion" (2nd. Corp. A. T. Sessions
+became Lieut. Compy. B. 12 Ga. Battalion).
+
+P. 282: "Batt" changed to "Bat" (Private G. W. H. Whitaker became Capt.
+12th Ga. Bat.).
+
+P. 282: "Adgt" changed to "Adjt" (Private T. O. Wicker became Adjt. 28th
+Georgia Regiment).
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 41528 ***