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@@ -1,34 +1,4 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Gueguence; A Comedy Ballet in the -Nahuatl-Spanish Dialect of Nicaragua, by Daniel G. Brinton - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The Gueguence; A Comedy Ballet in the Nahuatl-Spanish Dialect of Nicaragua - -Author: Daniel G. Brinton - -Release Date: August 22, 2012 [EBook #40559] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GUEGUENCE; A COMEDY BALLET *** - - - - -Produced by Andrea Ball, David Starner and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 40559 *** [Illustration: A MANGUE INDIAN RECITING A LOGA. SEE PAGE XXV.] @@ -39,7 +9,7 @@ Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net NUMBER III. - THE GUEGUENCE; + THE GÃœEGÃœENCE; A COMEDY BALLET IN THE NAHUATL-SPANISH DIALECT OF NICARAGUA. @@ -119,7 +89,7 @@ CONTENTS. PAGE _Introduction._ - Sec. 1. _The Nahuas and Mangues of Nicaragua._ v + § 1. _The Nahuas and Mangues of Nicaragua._ v Location of the Nahuas of Nicaragua, v Derivation of the word _Nicaragua_, v Origin of the Nicaraguan Nahuas, vi @@ -137,7 +107,7 @@ CONTENTS. Development of the Nahuatl-Spanish jargon, xvii Specimens of it, xvii - Sec. 2. _The Bailes or Dramatic Dances of Nicaragua._ xix + § 2. _The Bailes or Dramatic Dances of Nicaragua._ xix Oviedo's description, xx Symbolism of the dance, xxii Benzoni's description, xxii @@ -152,7 +122,7 @@ CONTENTS. Toro-Guaca and other dances, xxvi The drama of the Ollita, xxvii - Sec. 3. _Nicaraguan Musical Instruments and Music._ xxviii + § 3. _Nicaraguan Musical Instruments and Music._ xxviii The Marimba, its form and origin, xxviii The Drum, xxx The Ollita or Musical Jar, xxxi @@ -166,9 +136,9 @@ CONTENTS. Character of native music, xxxvii Air of the Malinche, xxxviii Choruses and Cofradias, xxxviii - Melodies from the Gueguence, xl + Melodies from the Güegüence, xl - Sec. 4. _History of the "Baile del Gueguence."_ xli + § 4. _History of the "Baile del Güegüence."_ xli Whence the text was obtained, xli Time and manner of its rehearsal, xli Age of the play, xlii @@ -177,8 +147,8 @@ CONTENTS. Native plots of similar character, xliv Native comedians, xlv - Sec. 5. _The Dramatis Personae of the Gueguence._ xlv - The Gueguence, xlv + § 5. _The Dramatis Personæ of the Güegüence._ xlv + The Güegüence, xlv Derivation of the name, xlv Character, xlv Malicious humor, xlvi @@ -193,11 +163,11 @@ CONTENTS. The mules, xlvii Their costume, xlviii - Sec. 6. _Epitome of the Story of the Gueguence._ xlviii + § 6. _Epitome of the Story of the Güegüence._ xlviii - THE GUEGUENCE; A COMEDY. 3 + THE GÃœEGÃœENCE; A COMEDY. 3 - _Notes to the Gueguence._ 75 + _Notes to the Güegüence._ 75 _Vocabulary._ 83 @@ -249,7 +219,7 @@ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. AIR OF MALINCHE. xxxviii _From Morelet's Voyage._ - MELODIES FROM GUEGUENCE. xl + MELODIES FROM GÃœEGÃœENCE. xl _Original furnished by Dr. E. Flint._ EARTHENWARE CUP FROM NICARAGUA. lxxviii @@ -267,7 +237,7 @@ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. INTRODUCTION. -Sec. 1. _The Nahuas and Mangues of Nicaragua._ +§ 1. _The Nahuas and Mangues of Nicaragua._ Among the outlying colonies of that important people whose chief seat was in the Valley of Mexico, and who are variously known as @@ -339,7 +309,7 @@ lands.[7] While this Aztec band thus acknowledged themselves to be intruders, such appears not to have been the case with their immediate neighbors to the northeast and southwest. These were of one blood -and language, and called themselves _mankeme_, rulers, masters, +and language, and called themselves _mánkeme_, rulers, masters, which the Spaniards corrupted into _Mangues_.[8] The invading Aztecs appear to have split this ancient tribe into two fractions, the one driven toward the south, about the Gulf of Nicoya, the other @@ -466,16 +436,16 @@ _Comparison of the Mangue with the Chapanec._ Eye, nahte. nate. Ear, nyujui. noj[)u]a. Foot, ngra. taku. - Ruler (or chief), mankeme. d[chi]ama _or_ mangheme. - Dog, nyumbi. numbi. + Ruler (or chief), mánkeme. d[chi]amá _or_ mangheme. + Dog, nyumbÃ. numbÃ. Mouse, nangi. nangi. Bird, nyuri. nuri. - Snake, nule. nulu. - Fire, nyayu. n[)i][)i]u. + Snake, nule. nulú. + Fire, nyayu. n[)i][)i]ú. Water, nimbu. nimbu. House, nangu. nangu. Maize, nama. nama. - Wind, nit[)i]u. tiju. + Wind, nit[)i]ú. tijú. Hill, diri, tiri. dili. One, tike. tike. Two, jami. jumiji. @@ -517,7 +487,7 @@ Aymara, of Peru._ Father, poua (C). pucara. Man, naha (C). chacha. - Child, nasungi (N). inasu. + Child, nasungi (N). iñasu. Ear, nyuhui (N). hinchu. Eye, nahte (N). nahui. Bone, nyui (N). cayu. @@ -527,18 +497,18 @@ Aymara, of Peru._ Wind, tihu (C). thaa. Feathers, lari (C). lauralua (colored). Maize, nama (C). ccama. - Earth, nekapu (C). neke, clay, yapu, soil. + Earth, nekapu (C). ñeke, clay, yapu, soil. Sky, naku paju (C). hanac (_or_ alakh) pacha. Blind, saapi (C). saapi. Dumb, napamu (C). amu. - Great, yaka (C). haccha. - Bitter, atsi (C). cata. + Great, yáka (C). haccha. + Bitter, átsi (C). cata. Dead, tuhua (C). hihua. To eat, koita (N). kauita (to eat apples, etc). Food, nomota (C). mamata. To go, ota (C). aatha. - Thou, cimo (C). huma. - You (pl), cimecmo (C). humasa. + Thou, çimo (C). huma. + You (pl), çimecmo (C). humasa. There are also various grammatical similarities between the two tongues. Both are highly synthetic; in both the division of nouns is @@ -629,9 +599,9 @@ tongues has gone. The words in italic are either Nahuatl or Mangue:-- "_Casahuyano_, mi amor, - Por vos este _payaneado_. + Por vos esté _payaneado_. No seas _tilinte_, mi bien." - "Se _selegue_, dueno amado." + "Se _selegue_, dueño amado." "My love, between girlhood and womanhood, My heart is breaking for you. @@ -641,10 +611,10 @@ Mangue:-- Another song, in which the lover expresses the strength of his devotion with more force than elegance, has the following verse:-- - "O fuera yo _carangano_, - En tus _cojines_ me meteria + "O fuera yo _carángano_, + En tus _cojines_ me meterÃa Para servirte todo el dia. - Te ama este zangano." + Te ama este zángano." Which may be freely rendered-- @@ -653,7 +623,7 @@ Which may be freely rendered-- With you all your toil I'd share; This lazy fellow loves you so." -The _carangano_ is the name of a species of louse, and the _cojines_ +The _carángano_ is the name of a species of louse, and the _cojines_ are the little pads or cushions which women wear in their hair. In this dialect several satirical and political songs have been @@ -661,7 +631,7 @@ composed, and, indeed, the licentiate Geronimo Perez, of Masaya, is stated to have printed in it a political pamphlet, which I regret not to have been able to obtain. -Such is the jargon in which the _Gueguence_ is written, and although +Such is the jargon in which the _Güegüence_ is written, and although this medley of tongues can claim no position of dignity in the hierarchy of languages, it has its own peculiar points of interest, as illustrating the laws of the degradation--which is but another @@ -670,7 +640,7 @@ its origin and position as a literary effort, we must review the development of scenic representations in that part of the New World. -Sec. 2. _The Bailes, or Dramatic Dances of Nicaragua._ +§ 2. _The Bailes, or Dramatic Dances of Nicaragua._ The historian, Fernandez de Oviedo, who was in Nicaragua in 1529, gives a long account of the dramatic representations, or rites, @@ -811,12 +781,12 @@ The _Logas_ seem to be peculiar to the Mangues. A small theatre is extemporized, music is provided, and the actor comes forward, arrayed in some odd garb, and recites a sort of poem, with gestures and dancing movements. The text of one of these was obtained at -Namotiva by Dr. Berendt, and is in my possession. It is entitled, -_Loga del Nino Dios_, and contains about two hundred lines. The +Namotivá by Dr. Berendt, and is in my possession. It is entitled, +_Loga del Niño Dios_, and contains about two hundred lines. The language is a corrupt Spanish, with a number of Mangue words interspersed. The exordium reads-- - "Atienda, Senores, + "Atienda, Señores, Pongan atencion Del Mangue tiyo Pegro La conversacion." @@ -848,7 +818,7 @@ called the _rucia_, or _yeguita_, the mare. He is in a framework of cane adorned with women's skirts and colored handkerchiefs, supposed to represent some animal. There is no fixed day for the dance, but it is usually carried out in fulfillment of a vow. A -variety of this _baile_, called _Chinegritos a caballo_, is +variety of this _baile_, called _Chinegritos à caballo_, is performed by mounted actors, in brilliant costumes, with gaily caparisoned horses. They are accompanied by music, and draw up in front of a house, where they sing a song with a monotonous chorus, @@ -886,18 +856,18 @@ Many of these were religious or historical plays, arranged by the clergy, and offer little of interest. But some were of a secular character, and appear to refer to historical events. -One was The _Ollita_ or _Canahuate_. It was acted in the Mangue +One was The _Ollita_ or _Cañahuate_. It was acted in the Mangue tongue at Masaya as late as 1822, but the text is, unfortunately, lost. The _Ollita_ is the name of the whistling jar, on which, and on the drum, a lugubrious musical accompaniment was played. The name -_Canahuate_ is said to have been that of a dialect of the Mangue. +_Cañahuate_ is said to have been that of a dialect of the Mangue. The plot turned on a proposed marriage between an old man, richly dressed in Spanish garb, and a native princess. The chorus and assistants carried bows, arrows and quivers, which would seem to point to an early date as that of the supposed transaction. -Sec. 3. _Nicaraguan Musical Instruments and Music._ +§ 3. _Nicaraguan Musical Instruments and Music._ The musical instruments of the natives of Nicaragua, mentioned by Oviedo, are drums, flutes of reeds, and _excoletes_, or trumpets. @@ -1120,14 +1090,14 @@ an air which he characterizes as "very remarkable" and "extremely touching." What brings this air into relation to my present theme is the singular fact that it was known as _la Malinche_, but Morelet could not learn from what connection.[41] Quite possibly it was from -the character of that name in the play of _Gueguence_. +the character of that name in the play of _Güegüence_. [Illustration: MALINCHE.] In the public _bailes_ in ancient times, as we are informed by both Oviedo and Benzoni, the musicians were separated from the singers and other performers, forming an actual orchestra, and this is also -intimated in the Gueguence. Having thus the position of a class by +intimated in the Güegüence. Having thus the position of a class by themselves, it may fairly be presumed that they cultivated with assiduity their peculiar art. @@ -1140,7 +1110,7 @@ the loss of influence of the church at the separation of the colonies from the mother country, the _cofradias_ were mostly dissolved.[42] -The music which accompanies the ballets in the Gueguence has been +The music which accompanies the ballets in the Güegüence has been written down, and is familiar to many in Nicaragua. I have obtained a portion of it, through the obliging efforts of Dr. Earl Flint, of Rivas, an earnest cultivator in the field of archaeological @@ -1151,12 +1121,12 @@ while to give more than a specimen of it. (See p. xl.) [Illustration: MELODIES FROM GUEGUENCE.] -Sec. 4. _History of the_ "_Baile del Gueguence._" +§ 4. _History of the_ "_Baile del Güegüence._" Among the scenic representations which have been preserved by the descendants of the Mangues, in the ancient province of Masaya, the only one of length which has been committed to writing is the _Baile -del Gueguence, o Macho-Raton_. Several copies of this exist in +del Güegüence, ô Macho-Raton_. Several copies of this exist in manuscript, and from a comparison of two of them the late Dr. C. H. Berendt obtained, in 1874, the text which is printed in this volume. But he did not obtain, nor did he attempt himself, any translation @@ -1185,7 +1155,7 @@ has now been dropped, and will probably not again be brought out, at least, in full. How far beyond the close of the last century we should place the -composition of the Gueguence is a difficult question. Dr. Berendt, +composition of the Güegüence is a difficult question. Dr. Berendt, basing his opinion on what he could learn by local tradition, on the archaisms of the Spanish construction, and on other internal evidence, referred it in general terms to the first periods (_los @@ -1205,15 +1175,15 @@ them are of a negative character, and I will give these first. All the dramas, so far as I know, which were introduced by the Spanish priests as substitutes for the native _bailes_, are either religious or instructive in aim. As the Germans say, they are -strongly _tendencioes_. Such are the _Baile de St. Martin_, which +strongly _tendenciös_. Such are the _Baile de St. Martin_, which gives scenes from the life of the saint, and in which a wheel, called the _horquilla_, covered with feathers and flowers, is drawn along; the _Baile de los Cinco Pares de Francia_, which sets forth the conquest of the infidel Moors by the Christians, both of which plays have been popular in Nicaragua; among the Kekchis, of Coban, the _Baile de Moros y Cristianos_, similar to the last mentioned; -the _Zaki-Koxol, o Baile de Cortes_, in Kiche, a copy of which I -have, and the like. But in the _Gueguence_ there is absolutely no +the _Zaki-Koxol, ô Baile de Cortes_, in Kiche, a copy of which I +have, and the like. But in the _Güegüence_ there is absolutely no moral purpose nor religious tone; so much, indeed, of the reverse, that we cannot conceive of its introduction by a priest. @@ -1223,7 +1193,7 @@ the stock Spanish comedy. It differs, however, in several striking and fundamental features, from the Spanish models, and these differences are precisely those which would flow from the native habits of thought. I would note, first, that while females are -introduced, they are strictly _mutae personae_, even the heroine not +introduced, they are strictly _mutæ personæ_, even the heroine not speaking a word; that there are no monologues nor soliloquies; that there is no separation into scenes, the action being continuous throughout; that there is neither prologue, epilogue nor chorus; and @@ -1235,14 +1205,14 @@ all, would exhibit. Furthermore, the "business" of the play is strictly within the range of the native thought and emotion. The admiration of the coarse -cunning and impudent knavery of Gueguence is precisely what we see +cunning and impudent knavery of Güegüence is precisely what we see in the modern camp-fire tales of Michabo among the Algonkins, of Tezcatlipoca among the Aztecs, and of a score of other heroes. It is of a piece with the delight which our own ancestors derived from the trickeries of Reynard the Fox. The devices for exciting laughter are scarcely more than three in -number; one the assumed deafness of the Gueguence, the second, +number; one the assumed deafness of the Güegüence, the second, a consequence of this, that he misunderstands, or pretends to, the words of the other actors, thus giving rise to amusing quid-pro-quos, and third, the introduction of obscene references. Of @@ -1255,7 +1225,7 @@ comedies. Thus, Benzoni and Coreal tell us that in the _bailes_ in Nicaragua, which they witnessed, some of the actors pretended to be deaf, and others to be blind, so as to excite laughter by their mistakes.[44] And Father Diego Duran tells us of a native Mexican -comedy, upon which this of Gueguence may, perhaps, have been +comedy, upon which this of Güegüence may, perhaps, have been founded, full of songs and coarse jests,[45] in which the clown pretends to understand at cross purposes what his master orders, transforming his words into others like them. As to the general @@ -1282,14 +1252,14 @@ for their amusement the production I now present. For these various reasons I class it among aboriginal productions. -Sec. 5. _The Dramatis Personae of The Gueguence._ +§ 5. _The Dramatis Personæ of The Güegüence._ The central figure of the drama, and the personage from whom it -derives its name, is _The Gueguence._ This is a Nahuatl word, from +derives its name, is _The Güegüence._ This is a Nahuatl word, from the root _hue_, old; _huehue_ is "old man;" to this is added what grammarians call the "reverencial" termination _tzin_, denoting reverence or affection, and we have, intercalating the euphonic _n_, -_huehuentzin_, which, in the vocative, becomes _huehuentze_. It +_huehuentzin_, which, in the vocative, becomes _huehuentzé_. It means, therefore, "the honored elder," or "the dear old man," and may be used, as it is in the play, either as a proper name or as a common noun. In his description of the Nahuas of Nicaragua, Oviedo @@ -1320,22 +1290,22 @@ jocularity which is assumed to deceive and get the better of one's neighbor. This is strikingly shown by the number of words in the Nicaraguan patois which express such actions. Thus, _chamarrear_ is to take advantage of some one by a joke; _trisca_ is a conversation -in which some one is made ridiculous; _fefere_ is an idle tale with +in which some one is made ridiculous; _féfere_ is an idle tale with which a hearer is cajoled; _dar un caritazo_ is to deceive a person -by a trick, etc. This is the humor in the Gueguence. The old man +by a trick, etc. This is the humor in the Güegüence. The old man nearly always has a selfish aim to gain by his jokes and his stories; they are intended to further his own interests, and, at the close of the play, he, on the whole, comes out victorious by these questionable measures. -As the drama was formerly represented, the Gueguence wore the most +As the drama was formerly represented, the Güegüence wore the most magnificent apparel of any of the actors. Chains of gold, strings of silver coins, and ornaments of steel draped his person. Indeed, all the participants vied with each other in extravagant costumes. Their garments were fantastically adorned with feathers and flowers, and set off with sashes and handkerchiefs of brilliant colors. -The two sons of Gueguence, _Don Forcico_ and _Don Ambrosio_, are +The two sons of Güegüence, _Don Forcico_ and _Don Ambrosio_, are drawn in as strong contrast as possible. The former follows the paternal example faithfully, and sustains his parent in all his tricks and lies; the latter as invariably opposes and exposes the @@ -1347,12 +1317,12 @@ The _Governor Tastuanes_ appears on the scene in Spanish costume, with a staff and sabre. His name, however, seems to be from the Nahuatl, probably a corruption of _tlatoani_, chief, lord.[48] He is little more than a lay figure, designed to draw forth the ruses of -Gueguence. +Güegüence. The _Alguacil_, the _Secretary_ and _Registrar_ appear in what is supposed to be full official dress, with their staffs of office. -The _mutae personae_ of the drama are the women and the _machos_, or +The _mutæ personæ_ of the drama are the women and the _machos_, or mules. Of the former, only one is named, the lady _Suchi-Malinche_, daughter of the Governor. She enters clothed in a sort of tunic, fastened to her person with gay silken sashes; chains of gold and @@ -1362,7 +1332,7 @@ corruption of the Nahuatl _xochitl_, flower; _Malinche_, it may be remembered, was the name of the famous Indian girl who served Cortes as interpreter in his first campaign in Mexico, and became his mistress. Some have supposed that it was a corruption of the Spanish -Christian name _Marina_, but, as Senor Icazbalceta has conclusively +Christian name _Marina_, but, as Señor Icazbalceta has conclusively shown, it is the name of one of the days of the Aztec month, _malinalli_, with the termination _tzin_, signifying affection. It was the custom in Mexico and Central America, and still is in many @@ -1392,7 +1362,7 @@ indicated that the people of the house would be falsely accused of something.[50] -Sec. 6. _Epitome of the Story of The Gueguence._ +§ 6. _Epitome of the Story of The Güegüence._ [Sidenote: p. 6.] @@ -1408,11 +1378,11 @@ poverty. He also directs that no one shall be allowed to enter his province (or presence?) without a permit from the patrol. The Alguacil complains that their poverty is so great that they have no fit -clothing, and lays the blame on Gueguence. The Governor refers to -Gueguence in severe terms, and orders that he be brought before him, +clothing, and lays the blame on Güegüence. The Governor refers to +Güegüence in severe terms, and orders that he be brought before him, by any means. -Gueguence, who with his two sons is within earshot, hears the +Güegüence, who with his two sons is within earshot, hears the Governor's orders, and pretends to think that it refers to a calf or a colt. @@ -1433,38 +1403,38 @@ a colt. [Sidenote: p. 28.] The Alguacil announces himself as a servant of the Governor. -Gueguence professes to understand that it is a female servant who +Güegüence professes to understand that it is a female servant who desires to see him. The Alguacil corrects him in this, and informs -him that he is to fly to the Governor. Gueguence takes the word in +him that he is to fly to the Governor. Güegüence takes the word in its literal sense, and chaffs about an old man flying. The Alguacil suggests to him that he had better learn how to salute the Governor properly on entering his presence, and offers to teach him the -customary salutation for a consideration. This proposal Gueguence +customary salutation for a consideration. This proposal Güegüence accepts, but chooses to misunderstand the considerations suggested by the Alguacil, and replies in a series of quid-pro-quos and gibes. At last, he produces some money, which, however, he will not pay over until the Alguacil gives the promised instruction. The Alguacil -recites the formal salutations, which Gueguence pretends to +recites the formal salutations, which Güegüence pretends to misunderstand, and repeats, instead, some phrases of similar sound, which are discourteous to the Governor. For this the Alguacil -threatens to whip him, and on Gueguence continuing in his taunts, +threatens to whip him, and on Güegüence continuing in his taunts, gives him two blows, and recommences his lesson. [Sidenote: p. 30.] [Sidenote: p. 32.] -At this juncture the Governor appears, answers Gueguence's salute, +At this juncture the Governor appears, answers Güegüence's salute, and asks him why he has entered the province without a permit. At -first Gueguence answers by relating how he had traveled without a +first Güegüence answers by relating how he had traveled without a permit in other provinces. Finding this does not meet the case, he seeks to turn the inquiry by a dubious story how a girl once gave him a permit for something besides traveling. The Governor, not -choosing to be put off with this, Gueguence proposes they shall be +choosing to be put off with this, Güegüence proposes they shall be friends, and that the Governor shall have some of the immense riches -and beautiful clothing which Gueguence possesses. The Governor +and beautiful clothing which Güegüence possesses. The Governor expresses some doubt as to this wealth, and proposes to examine, -apart, Gueguence's oldest son, Don Forcico. +apart, Güegüence's oldest son, Don Forcico. [Sidenote: p. 34.] @@ -1477,24 +1447,24 @@ short to name all his possessions." [Sidenote: p. 38.] The Governor remains, however, uncertain about the truth, and -requests a similar private talk with Gueguence's younger son, Don +requests a similar private talk with Güegüence's younger son, Don Ambrosio. The latter tells a very different story, asserting that all his father's boasts were lies, and that he is, in fact, a poor, -old, thieving ragamuffin. Gueguence, who overhears him, rails at him +old, thieving ragamuffin. Güegüence, who overhears him, rails at him as a disgrace to the family; and Don Forcico assures the Governor, -in very clear terms, that Don Ambrosio has none of Gueguence's blood +in very clear terms, that Don Ambrosio has none of Güegüence's blood in his veins. [Sidenote: p. 40.] [Sidenote: p. 42.] -To settle the question, Gueguence proposes to show the Governor the +To settle the question, Güegüence proposes to show the Governor the contents of his tent-shop, and has the two boys bring it forward and raise the sides. He then offers the Governor several impossible things, as a star, which is seen through the tent, and an old syringe, which he suggests might be profitably applied to the Royal -Council. As the Governor replies roughly, Geuegueence at once changes +Council. As the Governor replies roughly, Geügüence at once changes the subject to a laudation of the remarkable skill of Don Forcico in many vocations. The Governor is interested and proposes to inquire of Don Forcico himself as to the truth of this. The latter repeats @@ -1526,19 +1496,19 @@ Alguacil also take part. Following these the Governor asks for the masquerade of the _macho-raton_, or the mules. They are led in by Don Forcico, and -march around the stage. Gueguence avails himself of this auspicious +march around the stage. Güegüence avails himself of this auspicious moment to ask for the hand of the Lady Suche-Malinche, the Governor's daughter. The Governor sends the Alguacil for the Chief Secretary, who returns with Suche-Malinche and other young women. The Secretary describes what an elegant costume is expected of the -son-in-law of the Governor, and the latter suggests that Gueguence +son-in-law of the Governor, and the latter suggests that Güegüence has cast his eyes too high. The old man explains that it was not for himself, but for Don Forcico, that the request was made, and pretends to feel quite badly about the marriage. He, nevertheless, brings up the young women, one by one, who are rejected by Don Forcico, with very uncomplimentary remarks, until Suche-Malinche comes forward, who pleases him, and with whom he is married. The -Governor then suggests that Gueguence treat the Council with some +Governor then suggests that Güegüence treat the Council with some Spanish wine. This the old man does not find it convenient to understand, and when he can no longer escape, and is at a loss where to obtain the liquor, is relieved by Don Forcico, who has secured @@ -1551,12 +1521,12 @@ it in a questionable manner. [Sidenote: p. 68.] The mules, that is, the masqueraders who represent them, are then -brought up, and as Gueguence examines first one and then another, +brought up, and as Güegüence examines first one and then another, they give him opportunity for a series of extremely broad jokes and vulgar allusions. Finally, the loads are placed on the mules, the boys mount them and -move off, while Gueguence, having offered his wine to the Governor, +move off, while Güegüence, having offered his wine to the Governor, the Secretary, the Registrar and the Alguacil, who each in turn tell him to be off, leaves the stage shouting to his sons that they will all have a rouse that will cost them nothing. @@ -1572,7 +1542,7 @@ General de las Indias_, Lib. XXIX, cap. XXI, and Herrera, _Decadas de Indias_, Dec. III, Lib. IV, and see Dec. IV, Lib. VIII, cap. X. [3] "_Nicaragua_ es lo mismo que _Nica anahuac_, aqui estan los -Mexicanos o Anahuacos." Fray Francisco Vasquez, _Cronica de la +Mexicanos ò Anahuacos." Fray Francisco Vasquez, _Cronica de la Provincia de Guatemala_, Parte II, Lib. V, cap. I (Guatemala, 1716). The form _Nicarao_, adopted by Dr. Berendt, is certainly corrupt, as the termination of a proper name in _ao_ is not found in correct @@ -1590,9 +1560,9 @@ the face of the words of Herrera and so many other writers. [5] "La Gente de esta tierra decia, que havia descendido de la Mexicana; su Trage, i Lengua, era casi, como el de Mexico."--Herrera, -Decada III, Lib. V, Cap. XII. "Dicen, que huvo en los tiempos -antiguos, en Nueva Espana una gran Seca, por lo qual se fueron por -aquella Mar Austral a poblar a Nicaragua."--Id. Dec. III, Lib. IV, +Decada III, Lib. V, Cap. XII. "Dicèn, que huvo en los tiempos +antiguos, en Nueva España una gran Seca, por lo qúal se fueron por +aquella Mar Austral à poblar à Nicaragua."--Id. Dec. III, Lib. IV, cap. VII. Torquemada, specifically quoting the traditions obtained from the oldest natives, states that the Nicaraguans came from Anahuac at no remote epoch.--_Monarquia Indiana_, Lib. III, cap. XL. @@ -1601,8 +1571,8 @@ See, also, Gomara, _Hist. de las Indias_, cap. 206. [6] Prof. Buschmann, who obtained these names in a garbled form from Ternaux-Compans' translation of Oviedo, gave them up as insoluble, while recognizing their value as indicating the wanderings of the -Nicaraguans. "Ungluecklicherweise," he says, "sind jene zwei Namen -von so unguenstigem Gehalte, das ich nichts aus ihnen hervorlocken +Nicaraguans. "Unglücklicherweise," he says, "sind jene zwei Namen +von so ungünstigem Gehalte, das ich nichts aus ihnen hervorlocken kann."--_Ueber die Aztekischen Ortsnamen_, p. 768 (Berlin, 1852). [7] The careless statement of the historian Herrera, that it was @@ -1612,9 +1582,9 @@ Compare Herrera, Dec. III, Lib. IV, cap. VII, with Oviedo, _Hist. de las Indias_, Lib. XLII, cap. I, and Gomara, _Hist. de las Indias_, cap. 202. -[8] The word _mankeme_ is a derivative from _[chi]ima_, the head, -whence the Chapanec _d[chi]aemae_, the ruler or head man, and -_mand[chi]aemae_, master, chief, in which word _ma_ is a possessive +[8] The word _mánkeme_ is a derivative from _[chi]imá_, the head, +whence the Chapanec _d[chi]ämä_, the ruler or head man, and +_mand[chi]ämä_, master, chief, in which word _ma_ is a possessive prefix, and _n_ a particle, sometimes relative, sometimes euphonic, of exceedingly frequent use in this tongue. It may be compared to the Nahuatl _in_. @@ -1692,15 +1662,15 @@ fragment of which is in my possession. Dr. S. Habel, who visited Nicaragua in 1865, in spite of the greatest efforts, was unable to find a single person speaking -Nahuatl; they told him it was all forgotten.--_Archaeological and +Nahuatl; they told him it was all forgotten.--_Archæological and Ethnological Investigations in Central and South America_, p. 24 (Washington, 1878). [21] The superior position of the Nahuatl among the Nicaraguan languages was noted by Benzoni, in his visit to that country, as early as about 1550. He observes: "Parlano in Nicaragua quatro -lenguaggi, pero la meglio e la Messicana, laquale si stende piu di -mille e cinquecento miglia di paese and e la piu facile da +lenguaggi, pero la meglio è la Messicana, laquale si stende piu di +mille e cinquecento miglia di paese and è la piu facile da imparare."--_Istoria del Nuovo Mondo_, p. 103 (Venetia, 1565). [22] "Una mezcla de Castellano y Mexicano, que ni en uno ni en otro @@ -1721,34 +1691,34 @@ some poems in the Nicaraguan dialect. Precisely this baile, or one altogether like it, is described by Diego Duran as common in Mexico in his day (about 1580). He writes: "Tambien usaban bailar al rededor de un volador alto vistiendose -como pajaros y otras veces como monas volaban de lo alto de el +como pájaros y otras veces como monas volaban de lo alto de el dejandose venir por unas cuerdas que en la punta de este palo estan -arolladas, desliandose poco a poco por un bastidor que tiene -arriba," etc.--_Historia de las Indias de Nueva Espana._ Tomo II, p. +arolladas, desliándose poco à poco por un bastidor que tiene +arriba," etc.--_Historia de las Indias de Nueva España._ Tomo II, p. 232 (Mexico, 1880). [26] _Historia del Nuovo Mondo_, fol. 103 (Venetia, 1565). Benzoni gives a wood cut exhibiting the dances, but it is not instructive. -Another traveler, Francois Coreal, claimed to have visited Nicaragua +Another traveler, François Coreal, claimed to have visited Nicaragua about 1680, and also describes the native dances, but in words so similar to Benzoni that it is an evident plagiarism.--_Relation des -Voyages de Francois Coreal aux Indes Occidentales_, Tome I, p. 88 +Voyages de François Coreal aux Indes Occidentales_, Tome I, p. 88 (Amsterdam, 1722). [27] Thomas Gage, _A New Survey of the West Indies_, p. 234 (4th Ed. London, 1699). -[28] Letter to the London _Athaeneum_, 1856, p. 1537. Oviedo also +[28] Letter to the London _Athæneum_, 1856, p. 1537. Oviedo also states that the songs sung at certain _bailes_ were of an historical character, intended to recall the important incidents in personal -and tribal history, "que les quedan en lugar de historia e memoria +and tribal history, "que les quedan en lugar de historia é memoria de las cosas pasadas."--_Historia General de las Indias_, Lib. XLII, cap. XI. -[29] "Hay santos a quienes se hace el voto, en caso de enfermedad u -de desgracia de ir a _bailar_ ante su imagen, en tal pueblo, el dia +[29] "Hay santos à quienes se hace el voto, en caso de enfermedad ú +de desgracia de ir á _bailar_ ante su imagen, en tal pueblo, el dia de su fiesta, cuando le sacan procesionalmente."--Pablo Levy, _Notas -Geograficas y Economicas sobre la Republica de Nicaragua_, p. 281 +Geograficas y Económicas sobre la Republica de Nicaragua_, p. 281 (Paris, 1873). [30] "Welligt blijkt de geesteloosheid dezer menschen nit niets zoo @@ -1769,11 +1739,11 @@ the plays, but later took a more dramatic form and "differed little from the farces that followed them." See George Ticknor, _History of Spanish Literature_, vol. ii, pp. 527-529 (5th edition). -[33] "_Mosote._ Un casco o gorra de cabuya tenida negra, con cola a +[33] "_Mosote._ Un casco ô gorra de cabuya teñida negra, con cola à trensa, usada en el baile de los _Chinegritos_."--Berendt, MSS. [34] "_Guaca._ Montecillo de sepultura de los inhabitantes antiguos. -Cueva; madriguera de animales. Hoyo subteraneo para madurar o +Cueva; madriguera de animales. Hoyo subteraneo para madurar ô guardar frutas y verduras."--Berendt, MSS. [35] _Nicaragua, Its People, Scenery and Monuments_, Vol. I, p. 340. @@ -1785,7 +1755,7 @@ contains a good specimen of the Marimba. [37] Arthur Morelet, _Voyage dans l'Amerique Centrale_, Tome II, pp. 42, 43 (Paris, 1857). -[38] _Archaeological Researches in Nicaragua_, p. 75 (Washington, +[38] _Archæological Researches in Nicaragua_, p. 75 (Washington, 1881). [39] The most satisfactory discussion of native music is that by @@ -1825,21 +1795,21 @@ nuevo, pero es moralmente impossible."--_Memoria de la Parroquia de Villa Nueva_, p. 18. (Guatemala, 1868). [43] See, for example, the _Rabinal-Achi, ou le Drame-Ballet du -Tun_, in Kiche, published by the Abbe Brasseur de Bourbourg, and the +Tun_, in Kiche, published by the Abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg, and the translation of the song of the Uluas of Nicaragua given by Pablo Levy.--_Notas sobre la Republica de Nicaragua_, p. 307 (Paris, 1873). [44] "Il y en a qui font les sourds, d'autres les aveugles. Ils rient, ils crient, et font en un mot toute sorte de -singeries."--_Voyages de Francois Coreal aux Indes Occidentales +singeries."--_Voyages de François Coreal aux Indes Occidentales depuis 1666 jusqu'en 1697._ Tom. I, p. 88 (Amsterdam, 1722). Borrowed, probably, from Benzoni, who says the same. [45] "Habia un baile y canto de truhanes en el cual introducian un bobo que fingia entender al reves lo que su amo le mandaba, trastocandole las palabras."--P. F. Diego Duran, _Historia de las -Indias de la Nueva Espana_, Tomo II, p. 231 (Mexico, 1880). +Indias de la Nueva España_, Tomo II, p. 231 (Mexico, 1880). [46] As Mr. George Ticknor very pointedly says, in speaking of the Spanish drama:--"Above all, it was necessary that it should be @@ -1852,38 +1822,38 @@ p. 539 (5th edition). [47] Speaking of the comedy, he says:--"Ihr wahrer allgemeiner Nutzen liegt in dem Lachen selbst, in der Uebung unserer -Faehigkeit das Laecherliche zu bemerken; es unter allen Bemaentelungen +Fähigkeit das Lächerliche zu bemerken; es unter allen Bemäntelungen der Leidenschaft und der Mode, es in allen Vermischungen mit noch schlimmern oder mit guten Eigenschaften, sogar in den Runzeln des feierlichen Ernstes, leicht und geschwind zu -bemerken."--_Hamburgische Dramaturgie_, 29 Stueck. +bemerken."--_Hamburgische Dramaturgie_, 29 Stück. [48] _Tlatoani_ means, literally, "the speaker," from _tlatoa_, to speak, to ask, but it is translated by the Spanish lexicographers -"gran senor." The chiefs were probably so called, from their right +"gran señor." The chiefs were probably so called, from their right of speech in the assemblies. Benzoni gives something like this as the title of the Nicaraguan chiefs. "Chiamano li Signori Tutruane," which I suspect is a misprint for _Tattruani_.--_Istoria del Mondo Nuovo_, p. 103 (Venetia, 1565). [49] Icazbalceta's discussion of the name may be found in his notes -to the _Dialogos de Francisco Cervantes Salazar_, p. 181 (Mexico, +to the _Diálogos de Francisco Cervantes Salazar_, p. 181 (Mexico, 1875). Malinalli is the twelfth day of the Mexican month. According to Duran, the word means underbrush (_matorral_), and the prognostic was, that those born on that day should have an annual attack of sickness, like this underbrush, which dries up, or loses its leaves -yearly.--_Historia de la Nueva Espana_, Tomo II, p. 261 (Mexico, +yearly.--_Historia de la Nueva España_, Tomo II, p. 261 (Mexico, 1880). [50] See the rare work of Fray Joan Baptista (often spelled Bautista). _Advertencias para los Confessores de los Naturales_, -vols. 107, 108 (Mexico, en el Convento de Sanctiago Tlatilulco, ano +vols. 107, 108 (Mexico, en el Convento de Sanctiago Tlatilulco, año 1600). -THE GUEGUENCE. +THE GÃœEGÃœENCE. A COMEDY BALLET IN THE @@ -1892,9 +1862,9 @@ NAHUATL-SPANISH DIALECT OF NICARAGUA. -BAILE DEL GUEGUENCE +BAILE DEL GÃœEGÃœENCE -o +ó MACHO-RATON. @@ -1903,10 +1873,10 @@ PERSONAS. EL GOBERNADOR TASTUANES. EL ALGUACIL MAYOR. -EL GUEGUENCE. +EL GÃœEGÃœENCE. DON FORCICO. DON AMBROSIO. -DONA SUCHI-MALINCHE. +DOÑA SUCHI-MALINCHE. EL ESCRIBANO REAL. EL REGIDOR DE CANA. @@ -1914,18 +1884,18 @@ EL REGIDOR DE CANA. THE -BALLET OF THE GUEGUENCE; +BALLET OF THE GÃœEGÃœENCE; OR, THE MACHO-RATON. -DRAMATIS PERSONAE. +DRAMATIS PERSONÆ. THE GOVERNOR TASTUANES. THE CHIEF ALGUACIL. -THE GUEGUENCE. +THE GÃœEGÃœENCE. DON FORCICO, HIS ELDER SON. DON AMBROSIO, HIS YOUNGER SON. THE LADY SUCHI-MALINCHE. @@ -1937,14 +1907,14 @@ THE REGISTRAR. -BAILE DEL GUEGUENCE. +BAILE DEL GÃœEGÃœENCE. Se da principio bailando, y habla el _Alguacil._ -Matateco Dio mispiales, Senor Gobernador Tastuanes. +Matateco Dio mispiales, Señor Gobernador Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ @@ -1959,12 +1929,12 @@ Mascamayagua Sor. Gob^r Tastuanes. _Alguacil._ -Matateco Dio mispiales, Senor Gobernador Tastuanes. +Matateco Dio mispiales, Señor Gobernador Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ Matateco Dio miscuales quilis no pilce Capitan Alguacil Mayor: no -pilces simocague campamento Senores principales, sones, mudanzas, +pilces simocague campamento Señores principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechua linar mo Cabildo Real. En primer lugar tecetales seno mesa de oro, seno carpeta de bordado, seno tintero de oro, seno pluma de oro, seno salvadera de oro, y no mas hemo papel @@ -1974,7 +1944,7 @@ blanco y paltechua sentar mo Cabildo Real. _Alguacil._ -Matateco Dio mispiales, Senor Gobernador Tastuanes. +Matateco Dio mispiales, Señor Gobernador Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ @@ -1985,7 +1955,7 @@ Matateco Dio miscuales quilis no pilces Capitan Alguacil Mayor. -THE COMEDY-BALLET OF GUEGUENCE. +THE COMEDY-BALLET OF GÃœEGÃœENCE. (The Alguacil and Governor enter, dancing.) @@ -2026,7 +1996,7 @@ sentar mo Cabildo Real. _Gobernador._ -No pilces Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocaguee campamento Sres. principales +No pilces Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocagüe campamento Sres. principales sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechua seno la ronda quinquimagua licencia galagua no provincia real. @@ -2034,7 +2004,7 @@ _Alguacil._ Mascamayagua Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. Matateco Dio mispiales Srs. principales sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechua seno la -ronda del Senor Gobernador Tastuanes. +ronda del Señor Gobernador Tastuanes. Aqui se toca la ronda, dan vuelta bailando y habla el @@ -2043,8 +2013,8 @@ _Alguacil._ Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, ya nemo niqui nistipampa, ya nemo niqui samo la ronda, son rastros y pedazos de cinchones rompidos de corage, sombrero de Castor rompido de corage, no mas hemo mantera de -revoso, no mas hemo capotin colorado a sones panegua sesule -Gueguence, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. +revoso, no mas hemo capotin colorado á sones panegua sesule +Güegüence, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ @@ -2077,7 +2047,7 @@ Tastuanes. _Alg._ Governor Tastuanes, I am here, as is proper, but the patrol is not; their girdles are in rags and tatters, and their hats smashed in from their frays, and we have not a single saddle cloth -or red cloak better, perhaps, than that good-for-nothing Gueguence, +or red cloak better, perhaps, than that good-for-nothing Güegüence, Governor Tastuanes. _Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, you must bring that pimp, @@ -2090,9 +2060,9 @@ Royal Court. _Gobernador._ -No pilces Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocaguee campamento Sres. principales -sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechua sesule Gueguence, o -de la cola, o de las piernas, o de las narices, o de onde Dios te +No pilces Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocagüe campamento Sres. principales +sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechúa sesule Güegüence, ó +de la cola, ó de las piernas, ó de las narices, ó de onde Dios te ayudare, Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}. _Alguacil._ @@ -2100,35 +2070,35 @@ _Alguacil._ Mascamayagua, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -iHa muchachos, gueil ternero, (o) gueil potro para quichuas rebiatar -de la cola, o de las piernas, o de las narices? +¡Ha muchachos, güil ternero, (ó) güil potro para quichuas rebiatar +de la cola, ó de las piernas, ó de las narices? _D. Ambrosio._ -Asi lo mereces, Gueguence embustero. +Asi lo mereces, Güegüence embustero. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -?Me hablas, Don Forcico? +¿Me hablas, Don Forcico? _D. Forcico._ No, tatita, seran los oidos que le chillan. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -?Me hablas, Don Ambrosio? +¿Me hablas, Don Ambrosio? _D. Ambrosio._ -?Quien te ha de hablar, Gueguence embustero? +¿Quien te ha de hablar, Güegüence embustero? -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Como no, mala casta, saca fiestas sin vigilias en los dias de -trabajos. Ora quien va, quien quiere saber de mi nombre? +trabajos. Ora quien vá, quien quiere saber de mi nombre? _Alguacil._ @@ -2138,46 +2108,46 @@ Un criado del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. _Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances, songs, ballets, and such things, -[and bring] that good-for-nothing Gueguence, either by the tail, or +[and bring] that good-for-nothing Güegüence, either by the tail, or the legs, or the nose, or by whatever God will help you [to bring him], Captain Chief Alguacil. _Alg._ At your service, Governor Tastuanes, the music, dances, songs, ballets [will be suspended]. -_Gueguence._ Ho, boys! is it a calf or is it a colt that is to be +_Güegüence._ Ho, boys! is it a calf or is it a colt that is to be tied behind by the tail, or the legs, or the nose? -_Don Ambrosio._ That's what you deserve, Gueguence, you old humbug. +_Don Ambrosio._ That's what you deserve, Güegüence, you old humbug. -_Guee._ Do you speak to me, Don Forcico? +_Güe._ Do you speak to me, Don Forcico? _Don Forcico._ No, little papa, perhaps it's your ears that are buzzing. -_Guee._ Do you speak to me, Don Ambrosio? +_Güe._ Do you speak to me, Don Ambrosio? -_Don Am._ Who would speak to you, Gueguence, you old humbug? +_Don Am._ Who would speak to you, Güegüence, you old humbug? -_Guee._ Why not, you bad breed, you lazy loafer on working days? Who +_Güe._ Why not, you bad breed, you lazy loafer on working days? Who is it now who wants to know my name? _Alg._ A servant of the Governor Tastuanes. 12 -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Como que criada, gueil chocolatera, o gueil lavandera, o componedera +Como que criada, güil chocolatera, ó güil lavandera, ó componedera de la ropa del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes? _Alguacil._ -Chocolatera o lavandera no; criado del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. +Chocolatera ó lavandera no; criado del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Pues que criada, gueil cocinera o gueil componedora del plato del Sor. +Pues que criada, güil cocinera ó güil componedora del plato del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes? _Alguacil._ @@ -2185,7 +2155,7 @@ _Alguacil._ Asuyungua me negua, no me cele componedora del plato, Capitan Alguacil Mayor del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Ha! Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes: O amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, asa campamento insigna @@ -2193,113 +2163,113 @@ vara? _Alguacil._ -Asa neganeme, Gueguence. +Asa neganeme, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Asetato, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}. _Alguacil._ -Asetato, Gueguence. +Asetato, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, y que dice el Sor. Gobernador Tastuanes? _Alguacil._ -Que vayas corriendo y volando, Gueguence. +Que vayas corriendo y volando, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Corriendo y volando? Como quiere que corra y vuela un pobre viejo, lleno de dolores y continuas calamidades? 13 -_Guee._ What sort of a servant-girl is it, the chocolate maker, the +_Güe._ What sort of a servant-girl is it, the chocolate maker, the washwoman, or the clothes patcher of the Governor Tastuanes? _Alg._ Neither waiter-girl nor washwoman; a servant of the Governor Tastuanes. -_Guee._ Then which servant-girl, cook or grub-fixer of the Governor +_Güe._ Then which servant-girl, cook or grub-fixer of the Governor Tastuanes? _Alg._ Let me disclose myself; I have nothing to do with the grub-fixer; I am the Captain Chief Alguacil of the Governor Tastuanes. -_Guee._ Ha! Captain Chief Alguacil of the Governor Tastuanes! O +_Güe._ Ha! Captain Chief Alguacil of the Governor Tastuanes! O friend Captain Chief Alguacil of the Governor Tastuanes, your official staff is perhaps at your quarters? -_Alg._ Perhaps I may offer you one, Gueguence. +_Alg._ Perhaps I may offer you one, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Take a seat, friend Captain Chief Alguacil. +_Güe._ Take a seat, friend Captain Chief Alguacil. -_Alg._ Take a seat, Gueguence. +_Alg._ Take a seat, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, and what has Governor +_Güe._ Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, and what has Governor Tastuanes to say? -_Alg._ That you go to him a-running and a-flying, Gueguence. +_Alg._ That you go to him a-running and a-flying, Güegüence. -_Guee._ A-running and a-flying? How does he expect a poor old man, +_Güe._ A-running and a-flying? How does he expect a poor old man, full of pains and aches, to run and 14 -Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} y un silguero que esta en la portada del +Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} y un silguero que está en la portada del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, que es lo que hace? _Alguacil._ -Cantando y alegrando a los Senores grandes. +Cantando y alegrando á los Señores grandes. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Ese es mi consuelo y mi divertimiento. Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} con que corriendo y volando? _Alguacil._ -Corriendo y volando, Gueguence. +Corriendo y volando, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -iHa, muchachos! me hablan? +¡Ha, muchachos! me hablan? _D. Ambrosio._ -Quien te ha de hablar, Gueguence embustero? +Quien te ha de hablar, Güegüence embustero? -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -?Me hablas, Don Forcico? +¿Me hablas, Don Forcico? _D. Forcico._ No, tatita, seran los oidos que le chillan. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Ese sera, muchachos. Pues ten cuenta con la bodega, que voi a ver si +Ese será, muchachos. Pues ten cuenta con la bodega, que voi á ver si puedo volar. _Alguacil._ -Ha, Gueguence, con que modo y con que cortecilla te calas, qui +Ha, Güegüence, con que modo y con que cortecilla te calas, qui provincia real del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes? -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Pues, y como, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}? _Alguacil._ -Primero ha de ser un velancico, y paltechua consolar el Cabildo Real +Primero ha de ser un velancico, y paltechúa consolar el Cabildo Real del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. 15 @@ -2309,50 +2279,50 @@ door of Governor Tastuanes, what does it do there? _Alg._ It sings and amuses the grandees there. -_Guee._ That is my consolation and delight. Friend Captain Chief +_Güe._ That is my consolation and delight. Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, how about this running and flying? -_Alg._ A-running and a-flying, Gueguence. +_Alg._ A-running and a-flying, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Ho, boys! do you speak to me? +_Güe._ Ho, boys! do you speak to me? -_Don. Am._ Who wants to speak to you, Gueguence, old humbug? +_Don. Am._ Who wants to speak to you, Güegüence, old humbug? -_Guee._ Do you speak to me, Don Forcico? +_Güe._ Do you speak to me, Don Forcico? _Don For._ No, little papa, perhaps it's your ears that are buzzing. -_Guee._ That may be, boys. Well, then, look after the shop, and I +_Güe._ That may be, boys. Well, then, look after the shop, and I will go and see if I can fly. -_Alg._ Ho, Gueguence! in what style, and with what etiquette, are +_Alg._ Ho, Güegüence! in what style, and with what etiquette, are you going to enter the royal presence of the Governor Tastuanes? -_Guee._ Well, now, how should I, friend Captain Chief Alguacil? +_Güe._ Well, now, how should I, friend Captain Chief Alguacil? _Alg._ First, there should be a song, and such like, to amuse the Royal Court of the Governor Tastuanes. 16 -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Velancico, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, pues simocaguee campamento Sres +Velancico, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, pues simocagüe campamento Sres principales sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechua consolar mo Cabildo Real del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. _Alguacil._ -Mascamayagua Gueguence. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres. principales -sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechua sesule Gueguence. +Mascamayagua Güegüence. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres. principales +sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechua sesule Güegüence. Dan vuelta los dos bailando y habla el. _Alguacil._ -Ha, Gueguence, ya estamos en el paraje. +Ha, Güegüence, ya estamos en el paraje. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Ya estamos con coraje. @@ -2360,7 +2330,7 @@ _Alguacil._ En el paraje. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ En el obraje. @@ -2368,51 +2338,51 @@ _Alguacil._ En el paraje. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -En el paraje. Pues, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, no me ensenara con que +En el paraje. Pues, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, no me enseñará con que modo y con que cortecilla he de entrar y salir ante la presencia real del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes? _Alguacil._ -Si, te ensenare, pero no de balde; primero ha de ser mi salario. +Si, te enseñaré, pero no de balde; primero ha de ser mi salario. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Pescados salados? Ha, muchachos! Ahi estan las redes de pescados +Pescados salados? Ha, muchachos! Ahà estan las redes de pescados salados? 17 -_Guee._ A song, friend Captain Chief Alguacil; then suspend in the +_Güe._ A song, friend Captain Chief Alguacil; then suspend in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances, songs, ballets, and such things, to amuse the Royal Court of the Governor Tastuanes. -_Alg._ At your service, Gueguence. I pray God to protect the leading +_Alg._ At your service, Güegüence. I pray God to protect the leading men [and they will suspend] the music, dances, songs, ballets, and -such like, for this good-for-nothing Gueguence. +such like, for this good-for-nothing Güegüence. (They dance around the stage.) -_Alg._ Ha, Gueguence! here we are at the place. +_Alg._ Ha, Güegüence! here we are at the place. -_Guee._ Here we are, with heart of grace. +_Güe._ Here we are, with heart of grace. _Alg._ At the place. -_Guee._ To work apace. +_Güe._ To work apace. _Alg._ At the place. -_Guee._ At the place. Now, friend Captain Chief Alguacil, won't you +_Güe._ At the place. Now, friend Captain Chief Alguacil, won't you teach me with what style, and with what etiquette, I ought to go in and come out of the royal presence of the Governor Tastuanes? _Alg._ Yes, I'll teach you; but not for nothing. First, I want my salary. -_Guee._ Salted fish? Ho, boys! are the nets of salted fish here? +_Güe._ Salted fish? Ho, boys! are the nets of salted fish here? 18 @@ -2422,98 +2392,98 @@ Ahi estan, tatita. _D. Ambrosio._ -Que redes de pescados salados has de tener, Gueguence, embustero? +Que redes de pescados salados has de tener, Güegüence, embustero? -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Como no! mala casta, ojos de sapo muerto! Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, ya estamos desaviados de los pescados salados. _Alguacil._ -Acaso no me cele de pescados salados, Gueguence. +Acaso no me cele de pescados salados, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Pues, y como, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}? _Alguacil._ -Reales de plata, Gueguence. +Reales de plata, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Ha! redes de platos. A! muchachos, ahi estan las redes de platos? +Ha! redes de platos. A! muchachos, ahà estan las redes de platos? _D. Forcico._ Ahi estan, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Pues, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, ya estamos aviados de platos. Y como -de que platos quiere? de la china, o de barro? +de que platos quiere? de la china, ó de barro? _Alguacil._ -Ayugama, no me cele de platos, Gueguence. +Ayugama, no me cele de platos, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Pues, y como, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}? _Alguacil._ -Pesos duros, Gueguence. +Pesos duros, Güegüence. 19 _Don For._ Here they are, little papa. _Don Amb._ What nets of salted fish do you pretend to have, -Gueguence, you old humbug? +Güegüence, you old humbug? -_Guee._ Why not, you bad breed, you evil-eyed brat? Friend Captain +_Güe._ Why not, you bad breed, you evil-eyed brat? Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, we are just now out of salted fish. -_Alg._ Perhaps I don't care for salted fish, Gueguence. +_Alg._ Perhaps I don't care for salted fish, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Well, what then, Captain Chief Alguacil? +_Güe._ Well, what then, Captain Chief Alguacil? -_Alg._ Pieces of eight, Gueguence. +_Alg._ Pieces of eight, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Ha! dishes and plates. Ho, boys! have we some dishes and +_Güe._ Ha! dishes and plates. Ho, boys! have we some dishes and plates? _Don For._ Here they are, little papa. -_Guee._ Well, then, Captain Chief Alguacil, we are supplied with +_Güe._ Well, then, Captain Chief Alguacil, we are supplied with plates. What kind of plates do you want, china plates or earthen plates? _Alg._ Neither one nor the other. I don't care for plates, -Gueguence. +Güegüence. -_Guee._ Well, what then, Captain Chief Alguacil? +_Güe._ Well, what then, Captain Chief Alguacil? -_Alg._ Hard pieces, Gueguence. +_Alg._ Hard pieces, Güegüence. 20 -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Ha! Quesos duros de aquellos grandotes. A, muchachos, ahi estan los quesos duros que trajimos de sobornal? _D. Forcico._ -No, tatita; se los comio mi hermanito, Don Ambrosio. +No, tatita; se los comió mi hermanito, Don Ambrosio. _D. Ambrosio._ -Que quesos duros has de tener, Gueguence, embustero? +Que quesos duros has de tener, Güegüence, embustero? -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Como no, mala casta, despues que te los has comido. Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, ya estamos desaviados de los quesos duros, porque ahi @@ -2521,17 +2491,17 @@ traigo un muchacho tan ganzo, que no me deja nada. _Alguacil._ -Acaso no me cele de quesos duros, Gueguence. +Acaso no me cele de quesos duros, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Pues, y como, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}? _Alguacil._ -Doblones de oro y de plata, Gueguence. +Doblones de oro y de plata, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Ha! dobles. A! muchachos, sabes doblar? @@ -2539,161 +2509,161 @@ _D. Forcico._ Si, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Pues dobla, muchachos, Dios persogue a mi amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, +Pues dobla, muchachos, Dios persogue á mi amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, que ahora endenantes estuvimos tratando y contratando con el, y ya -se lo llevo una bola de fuego a mi amigo. +se lo llevó una bola de fuego á mi amigo. _Alguacil._ -Para tu cuerpo, Gueguence. Acaso no me cele de dobles. +Para tu cuerpo, Güegüence. Acaso no me cele de dobles. 21 -_Guee._ Ha! hard cheeses; those big ones. Ho, boys! have we those +_Güe._ Ha! hard cheeses; those big ones. Ho, boys! have we those hard cheeses which we brought along as extras? _Don For._ No, little papa, my little brother, Don Ambrosio, ate them up. -_Don Am._ What hard cheeses do you pretend to have, Gueguence, you +_Don Am._ What hard cheeses do you pretend to have, Güegüence, you old humbug? -_Guee._ Why not, you bad breed, since you ate them up? Friend Captain +_Güe._ Why not, you bad breed, since you ate them up? Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, we are just now out of hard cheeses, because I have a boy here who is such a hog that he leaves me nothing. -_Alg._ Perhaps I don't care for hard cheeses, Gueguence. +_Alg._ Perhaps I don't care for hard cheeses, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Well, what then, Captain Chief Alguacil? +_Güe._ Well, what then, Captain Chief Alguacil? -_Alg._ I want toll of gold and silver, Gueguence. +_Alg._ I want toll of gold and silver, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Ha! toll. Ho, boys! do you know how to toll? +_Güe._ Ha! toll. Ho, boys! do you know how to toll? _Don For._ Yes, little papa. -_Guee._ Well, then, toll away, boys, for God has got after my friend +_Güe._ Well, then, toll away, boys, for God has got after my friend the Captain Chief Alguacil, with whom we were talking and bargaining a moment ago, and has carried off my friend in a ball of fire. -_Alg._ May it burn your body, Gueguence. Perhaps I don't care for +_Alg._ May it burn your body, Güegüence. Perhaps I don't care for tolling. 22 -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Pues, y como, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}? _Alguacil._ -Doblones de oro y de plata, Gueguence. +Doblones de oro y de plata, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Doblones de oro y de plata! Pues hableme recio, que como soi viejo y sordo, no oigo lo que me dicen; y por esas tierras adentro no se entiende de redes de platos, ni de pescados salados, ni de quesos duros, ni de dobles, sino onzas de oro y moneda de plata. Y, vamos, -?cuanto quiere? +¿cuanto quiere? _Alguacil._ -Todo lo que hubiere en la bodega, Gueguence. +Todo lo que hubiere en la bodega, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -?Todo, todo?--?No me dejas nada? +¿Todo, todo?--¿No me dejas nada? _Alguacil._ -Nada, nada, Gueguence. +Nada, nada, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Ni batuchito? _Alguacil._ -Ni batuchito, Gueguence. +Ni batuchito, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Ya lo ven, muchachos, lo que hemos trabajado para otro hambriento. _D. Forcico._ -Asi es, tatita. +Asà es, tatita. _D. Ambrosio._ -Asi lo mereces, Gueguence, embustero. +Asà lo mereces, Güegüence, embustero. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Arra ya, mala casta, comeras tus unas. +Arra ya, mala casta, comeras tus uñas. 23 -_Guee._ Well, what then, friend Captain Chief Alguacil? +_Güe._ Well, what then, friend Captain Chief Alguacil? _Alg._ Doubloons of gold and silver. -_Guee._ Doubloons of gold and silver! Then speak loud, for I am old +_Güe._ Doubloons of gold and silver! Then speak loud, for I am old and deaf; and in these inland places people know nothing of nets of plates, and of salted fish, nor about hard cheeses, nor about tolls, but only about ounces of gold and coins of silver. Well, let us come to it, how much do you want? -_Alg._ Everything in the shop, Gueguence. +_Alg._ Everything in the shop, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Everything? Everything? You won't leave me anything? +_Güe._ Everything? Everything? You won't leave me anything? -_Alg._ Nothing, nothing, Gueguence. +_Alg._ Nothing, nothing, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Not so much as an empty box? +_Güe._ Not so much as an empty box? -_Alg._ Not even an empty box, Gueguence. +_Alg._ Not even an empty box, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Now, boys, you see how we have worked to feed another hungry +_Güe._ Now, boys, you see how we have worked to feed another hungry fellow. _Don For._ So it is, little papa. -_Don Am._ So you deserve, Gueguence, you old humbug. +_Don Am._ So you deserve, Güegüence, you old humbug. -_Guee._ Get out, you bad breed, you shall eat your finger nails. +_Güe._ Get out, you bad breed, you shall eat your finger nails. 24 _D. Ambrosio._ -Las comeremos, Gueguence. +Las comeremos, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Pues, ponga las manos: y las dos manos pone el hambriento, y que -buenas unas se tiene mi amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, parecen de -perico-ligero! a! una bomba caliente para estas unas! +buenas uñas se tiene mi amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, parecen de +perico-ligero! a! una bomba caliente para estas uñas! _Alguacil._ -Para tu cuerpo, Gueguence. +Para tu cuerpo, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Pues, tome! Uno, dos, tres, cuatro. Ha! mi plata, muchachos! Cuatro -cientos y tantos pesos le he dado a mi amigo Cap^n Alg^l +cientos y tantos pesos le he dado á mi amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}--Vd., amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, no sabe cual es real, ni cual es medio. _Alguacil._ -Como no? Si, entiendo de todo, Gueguence. +Como no? Si, entiendo de todo, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ La mitad de este medio hacen dos cuartillos; un cuartillo dos octavos, un octavo dos cuartos, un cuarto dos maravedis, cada @@ -2701,17 +2671,17 @@ maravedi dos blancos. _Alguacil._ -Pues, echelos todos. +Pues, échelos todos. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Pues, enseneme. +Pues, enséñeme. _Alguacil._ Pues, azetagago. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Pues, maneta congon. @@ -2721,39 +2691,39 @@ Matateco Dio mispiales, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. 25 -_Don Am._ Let us eat them, Gueguence. +_Don Am._ Let us eat them, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Then put out your hands, and let this hungry fellow put out +_Güe._ Then put out your hands, and let this hungry fellow put out both his hands; and my! what fine nails has my friend, the Captain Chief Alguacil! They are like those of a scratching monkey! Ho, there! a hot shot for these nails! -_Alg._ May it burn your body, Gueguence. +_Alg._ May it burn your body, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Well, here then [_shows four coins_]. One, two, three, four. +_Güe._ Well, here then [_shows four coins_]. One, two, three, four. Ha! my money, boys! Four hundred and some odd dollars I have given to my friend, the Captain Chief Alguacil. But you, friend Captain Chief Alguacil, you don't know a real from a half a one. -_Alg._ Why not? I understand all about them, Gueguence. +_Alg._ Why not? I understand all about them, Güegüence. -_Guee._ The half of this half real makes two cuartillos; a cuartillo +_Güe._ The half of this half real makes two cuartillos; a cuartillo is two octavos; an octavo is two quartos; a quarto is two maravedis; and each maravedi is two blancos. _Alg._ Well, then, down with them all. -_Guee._ Well then, teach me. +_Güe._ Well then, teach me. _Alg._ Well, then, pay attention. -_Guee._ Well, then, show me. +_Güe._ Well, then, show me. _Alg._ I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. 26 -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Matateco Dio cuascuane cuascuane Tastuanes. @@ -2761,42 +2731,42 @@ _Alguacil._ Matateco Dio mispiales, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Matateco Dio paneguee paleguee Tastuanes. +Matateco Dio panegüe palegüe Tastuanes. _Alguacil._ -Hace porfiado, Gueguence; Vd. ha menester una docena de cueros. +Hace porfiado, Güegüence; Vd. ha menester una docena de cueros. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Docena de cueros? Ha, muchachos, nos faltan reatas o cobijones. Aqui +Docena de cueros? Ha, muchachos, nos faltan reatas ó cobijones. Aqui el amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} nos ofrece una docena de cueros. _D. Forcico._ Si, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, y como de que cueros, ?de crudia o de +Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, y como de que cueros, ¿de crudia ó de gamusa? _Alguacil._ -Mas azetagago, Gueguence. +Mas azetagago, Güegüence. Le da dos rejazos. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Arra ya, con que bueno, despues de pagado me has azotado; esos no son cueros, esos son azotes. _D. Ambrosio._ -Asi lo mereces, Gueguence, embustero. +Asà lo mereces, Güegüence, embustero. _Alguacil._ @@ -2806,30 +2776,30 @@ regidores y notarios y depositarios. 27 -_Guee._ I pray God will make you sing, Tastuanes. +_Güe._ I pray God will make you sing, Tastuanes. _Alg._ I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. -_Guee._ I pray God to overcome Tastuanes. +_Güe._ I pray God to overcome Tastuanes. -_Alg._ You are stubborn, Gueguence, you need a dozen hidings. +_Alg._ You are stubborn, Güegüence, you need a dozen hidings. -_Guee._ Ho, boys! do we need some lines or covers? Our friend here, +_Güe._ Ho, boys! do we need some lines or covers? Our friend here, the Captain Chief Alguacil, offers us a dozen hides. _Don For._ Yes, little papa. -_Guee._ How about those hides, friend Captain Chief Alguacil, are +_Güe._ How about those hides, friend Captain Chief Alguacil, are they green or dressed? -_Alg._ Find out more about them, Gueguence. +_Alg._ Find out more about them, Güegüence. (Gives him two blows.) -_Guee._ Get out! what right have you to beat me when I have paid? +_Güe._ Get out! what right have you to beat me when I have paid? These are not hides, they are blows. -_Don Am._ So you deserve, Gueguence, you old humbug. +_Don Am._ So you deserve, Güegüence, you old humbug. _Alg._ I pray God to protect the Governor Tastuanes, those who carry his messages and transact his business, the regular alcaldes of the @@ -2839,17 +2809,17 @@ Holy Brotherhood, the registrars, Eguan noche mo Cabildo Real del Sor Gob^{or} Tastuanes. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, si de balde le he dado mi dinero, si estos -son mis lenguajes asonesepa negualigua seno libro de romance, lichua -rezar escataci, iscala nonguan iscumbatasi a campaneme Tastuanes? +son mis lenguajes asonesepa negualigua seno libro de romance, lichúa +rezar escataci, iscala ñonguan iscumbatasi à campaneme Tastuanes? _Alguacil._ -Asaneganeme, Gueguence. +Asaneganeme, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Si cana amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} -- -- -- -- -- @@ -2857,9 +2827,9 @@ Matateco Dio mispiales, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ -Matateco Dio miscuales quilis Gueguence yatiguala neme? +Matateco Dio miscuales quilis Güegüence yatiguala neme? -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Ya nemo niqui nistipampa quinimente moseguan. Alcaldes ordinarios de la Santa hermandad, regidores y notarios (y) depositarios(.) Eguam @@ -2867,18 +2837,18 @@ noche mo Cabildo Real del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ -Pues, Gueguence, quinquimagua licencia te calas qui provincia real? +Pues, Güegüence, quinquimagua licencia te calas qui provincia real? -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Valgame Dios, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, pues que es menester licencia? _Gobernador._ -Es menester licencia, Gueguence. +Es menester licencia, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ O valgame Dios, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes! Cuando yo @@ -2887,67 +2857,67 @@ O valgame Dios, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes! Cuando yo notaries and archivists, [by day] and night, in the Royal Court of Governor Tastuanes. -_Guee._ Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, I have given my money for +_Güe._ Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, I have given my money for nothing, if these are to be my words; and shall I not bargain for a book in Spanish, to read these prayers out of when I come before Tastuanes? -_Alg._ Perhaps I may offer you one, Gueguence. +_Alg._ Perhaps I may offer you one, Güegüence. -_Guee._ If anywhere, friend Captain Chief Alguacil--[_The Governor +_Güe._ If anywhere, friend Captain Chief Alguacil--[_The Governor enters abruptly._] I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. -_Gov._ I pray God to prosper you, Gueguence; are you well? +_Gov._ I pray God to prosper you, Güegüence; are you well? -_Guee._ I am here, as is proper, [and I pray God to protect] those +_Güe._ I am here, as is proper, [and I pray God to protect] those who transact the business, the regular alcaldes of the Holy Brotherhood, the registrars, notaries and archivists, [by day] and night, in the Royal Court of Governor Tastuanes. -_Gov._ Well, Gueguence, who has given you a permit to enter this +_Gov._ Well, Güegüence, who has given you a permit to enter this royal province. -_Guee._ God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, what is it to need a +_Güe._ God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, what is it to need a permit? _Gov._ A permit is necessary. -_Guee._ O! God bless me, Governor Tastuanes; when I +_Güe._ O! God bless me, Governor Tastuanes; when I 30 anduve por esas tierras adentro, por la carrera de Mexico, por la Veracruz, por la Vera Paz, por Antepeque, arriando mi recua, guia muchachos, opa Don Forcico llega donde un mesonero tupile traiga una -docena de huevos, vamos comiendo y descargando y vuelto a cargar, y +docena de huevos, vamos comiendo y descargando y vuelto á cargar, y me voy de paso, y no es menester licencia para ello, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ -Pues aqui es menester licencia para ello, Gueguence. +Pues aqui es menester licencia para ello, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Valgame Dios, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, viniendo yo por una calle -derecha me columbro una nina que estaba sentada en una ventana de -oro, y me dice: que galan el Gueguence, que bizarro el Gueguence, -aqui tienes bodega, Gueguence, entra, Gueguence, sientato, -Gueguence, aqui hay dulce, Gueguence, aqui hay limon. Y como soy un -hombre tan gracejo, salte a la calle con un cabriole, que con sus +derecha me columbró una niña que estaba sentada en una ventana de +oro, y me dice: que galan el Güegüence, que bizarro el Güegüence, +aqui tienes bodega, Güegüence, entra, Güegüence, siéntato, +Güegüence, aqui hay dulce, Güegüence, aqui hay limon. Y como soy un +hombre tan gracejo, salté á la calle con un cabriolé, que con sus adornos no se distinguia de lo que era, lleno de plata y oro hasta -el suelo, y asi una nina me dio licencia, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. +el suelo, y asà una niña me dió licencia, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ -Pues una nina no puede dar licencia, Gueguence. +Pues una niña no puede dar licencia, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ O valgame Dios, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, no seremos guancos, no seremos amigos, y seremos de sones sepanegaligua, no fardesia de ropa; en primer lugar cajoneria de oro, cajoneria de plata, ropa de -Castilla, ropa de contrabando, gueipil de pecho, gueipil de pluma, +Castilla, ropa de contrabando, güipil de pecho, güipil de pluma, medias de seda, zapatos de oro, sombrero de castor, estriberas de 31 @@ -2959,21 +2929,21 @@ dozen eggs; and we go on eating and unloading, and we load up again, and I go right along, and there is no need of a permit for it, Governor Tastuanes. -_Gov._ Well, here there is need of a permit for it, Gueguence. +_Gov._ Well, here there is need of a permit for it, Güegüence. -_Guee._ God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, as I was coming up a +_Güe._ God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, as I was coming up a straight street, a girl who was sitting in a golden window descried -me, and says to me: "What a fine fellow is Gueguence; how gallant is -Gueguence; here's the shop for you, Gueguence; come in, Gueguence; -sit down, Gueguence; there's sweatmeats here, Gueguence; there's a +me, and says to me: "What a fine fellow is Güegüence; how gallant is +Güegüence; here's the shop for you, Güegüence; come in, Güegüence; +sit down, Güegüence; there's sweatmeats here, Güegüence; there's a lemon here." And, as I am such a funny fellow, I jumped off, with my riding cloak on, so full of ornaments that you could not tell what it was, covered with gold and silver to the ground; and that's the way a girl gave me a permit, Governor Tastuanes. -_Gov._ Well, a girl can't give a permit [here], Gueguence. +_Gov._ Well, a girl can't give a permit [here], Güegüence. -_Guee._ O! God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, we won't be fools; no, +_Güe._ O! God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, we won't be fools; no, we will be friends, and we will bargain about my packs of goods. In the first place, chests of gold, chests of silver, cloth of Spain, cloth from smugglers, vests, feather skirts, silk stockings, golden @@ -2981,32 +2951,32 @@ shoes, beaver 32 -lazo de oro y de plata, ya pachiguee muyule Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. +lazo de oro y de plata, ya pachigüe muyule Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ -Pachigueete no pachigueete, Gueguence, asamatimagas, (a sones) se +Pachigüete no pachigüete, Güegüence, asamatimagas, (a sones) se palparesia motel polluse D. Forcico y D. Ambrosio timaguas y verdad, tin riquezas y hermosuras tumile mo Cabildo Real. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ No chopa quimate mollule, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ -No chiquimate, Gueguence. +No chiquimate, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Pues si cana amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, simocaguee nistipampa, Sres. +Pues si cana amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, simocagüe nistipampa, Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana, y palparesia D. Forcico timaguas y verdad, tin hermosura, tin bellezas tumiles mo Cabildo Real. _Gobernador._ -No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocaguee campamento Sres. principales, +No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia D. Forcico timagas y verdad, tin hermosura, tin belleza tumile mo Cabildo Real. @@ -3016,7 +2986,7 @@ Mascamayagua Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia D. Forcico timaguas y verdad. - Aqui el Alguacil saca a D. Forcico p^a hablar con el + Aqui el Alguacil saca à D. Forcico p^a hablar con el Gob^{or}. _D. Forcico._ @@ -3028,15 +2998,15 @@ Matateco Dio mispiales, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. hats, stirrup straps of gold and silver lace, as may satisfy the clever Governor Tastuanes. -_Gov._ No, I am not satisfied with what you say, Gueguence. Don +_Gov._ No, I am not satisfied with what you say, Güegüence. Don Forcico and Don Ambrosio must give a truthful account to our Royal Court, whether you have riches and abundant treasures. -_Guee._ Do you not know it already, clever Governor Tastuanes? +_Güe._ Do you not know it already, clever Governor Tastuanes? -_Gov._ I do not know it, Gueguence. +_Gov._ I do not know it, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Then, if friend Captain Chief Alguacil will suspend, in my +_Güe._ Then, if friend Captain Chief Alguacil will suspend, in my presence, the music, dances, songs and ballets of the leading men, Don Forcico will give a truthful account to the Royal Court about my riches and abundant treasures. @@ -3071,7 +3041,7 @@ Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ Pues, Don Forcico asamatimaguas semo verdad a sones sepaguala -motalce Gueguence quichua contar gueil hombre rico, tin riquezas, tin +motalce Güegüence quichua contar güil hombre rico, tin riquezas, tin hermosura, tin belleza, en primer lugar cajoneria de oro, cajoneria de plata, doblones de oro, monedas de plata, hay me sagua Don Forcico. @@ -3081,12 +3051,12 @@ _D. Forcico._ O valgame Dios, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, es corto el dia y la noche para contar las riquezas de mi padre; en primer lugar cajoneria de oro, cajoneria de plata, ropa de Castilla, ropa de contrabando, -estriberas de lazo de oro y de plata, ya pachiguee muyule Sor. +estriberas de lazo de oro y de plata, ya pachigüe muyule Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ -Pachigueete no pachigueete pues, Don Forcico, a sones se palparesia tu +Pachigüete no pachigüete pues, Don Forcico, á sones se palparesia tu hermanito Don Ambrosio timaguas y verdad tin riquezas y hermosuras tumiles mo Cabildo real. @@ -3107,7 +3077,7 @@ and archivists, [by day] and night, in the Royal Court of Governor Tastuanes. _Gov._ Well, Don Forcico, you are to tell me the truth about the -stories which Gueguence tells, saying that he is a rich man, and has +stories which Güegüence tells, saying that he is a rich man, and has property, and handsome and beautiful things; in the first place, chests of gold, chests of silver, doubloons of gold, coins of silver; so tell me clearly, Don Forcico. @@ -3131,7 +3101,7 @@ account. _Gobernador._ -No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, simocaguee campamento Sres. principales, +No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana, y palparesia su hermanito D. Ambrosio timaguas y verdad tin riquezas, tin hermosuras. @@ -3141,7 +3111,7 @@ Mascamayagua Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana, y palparesia Don Ambrosio timaguas y verdad. - Aqui el Alg^l saca a D. Ambrosio p^a hablar con el + Aqui el Alg^l saca à D. Ambrosio p^a hablar con el Gob^{or}. _D. Ambrosio._ @@ -3161,13 +3131,13 @@ Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ -Pues Don Ambrosio asamatimaguas semo verdad a sones (se) paguala -motalce Gueguence quichua contar gueil hombre rico. En primer lugar +Pues Don Ambrosio asamatimaguas semo verdad á sones (se) paguala +motalce Güegüence quichua contar güil hombre rico. En primer lugar cajoneria de oro, cajoneria de plata, ropa de Castilla, ropa de -contrabando, gueipil de pecho, gueipil de pluma, medias de seda, +contrabando, güipil de pecho, güipil de pluma, medias de seda, zapatos de oro, sombrero de castor, estriberas de lazo de oro y de -plata, muchintes hermosuras quichua contar sesule Gueguence hoy -melaguee Don Ambrosio. +plata, muchintes hermosuras quichua contar sesule Güegüence hoy +melagüe Don Ambrosio. 37 @@ -3194,55 +3164,55 @@ archivists, [by day] and by night, in the Royal Court of Governor Tastuanes. _Gov._ Well, Don Ambrosio, you are to tell me the truth about the -stories which Gueguence relates, saying that he is a rich man. In +stories which Güegüence relates, saying that he is a rich man. In the first place, [that he has] chests of gold, chests of silver, cloth of Spain, cloth from smugglers, vests, skirts of feathers, silk stockings, golden shoes, a beaver hat, stirrup straps of lace of gold and silver, quantities of pretty things, as that -good-for-nothing Gueguence relates; so tell me clearly, Don +good-for-nothing Güegüence relates; so tell me clearly, Don Ambrosio. 38 _D. Ambrosio._ -Valgame Dios, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, vergueenza me da contar las -cosas de ese Gueguence embustero, pues solo esta esperando que -cierre la noche para salir de casa en casa a hurtar lo que hay en +Valgame Dios, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, vergüenza me da contar las +cosas de ese Güegüence embustero, pues solo está esperando que +cierre la noche para salir de casa en casa á hurtar lo que hay en las cocinas para pasar el, y su hijo Don Forcico. Dice que tiene cajoneria de oro, y es una petaca vieja totolatera, que tiene catre de seda y es un petate viejo revolcado, dice que tiene medias de seda y son unas botias viejas sin forro, que tiene zapatos de oro, y son unas chancletas viejas sin suelas, que tiene un fusil de oro, y -es solo el palo, porque el canon se lo quitaron. +es solo el palo, porque el cañon se lo quitaron. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Ve, que afrenta de muchacho, hablador, boca floja! revientale, hijo, la cabeza, que como no es hijo mio me desacredita. _D. Forcico._ -Quitate de aqui, mala casta! No se espante Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes -en oir a este hablador, que cuando yo anduve con mi padre por la +Quitate de aquÃ, mala casta! No se espante Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes +en oir á este hablador, que cuando yo anduve con mi padre por la carrera de Mexico y cuando venimos ya estaba mi madre en cinta de -otro, y por eso salio tan mala casta, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. +otro, y por eso salió tan mala casta, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes ya pachiguee muyules teguane motel poyuce Don +Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes ya pachigüe muyules teguane motel poyuce Don Forcico contar tin hermosuras, tin bellezas, tumiles mo Cabildo Real. _Gobernador._ -Pachigueete no pachigueete, Gueguence, asamaquimate mollule mo Cabildo +Pachigüete no pachigüete, Güegüence, asamaquimate mollule mo Cabildo real. 39 _Don Am._ God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, I am ashamed to talk -about the affairs of this old humbug, Gueguence, for he is only +about the affairs of this old humbug, Güegüence, for he is only waiting until it is dark, to go from house to house, stealing whatever is in the kitchens, to keep him and his son, Don Forcico, alive. He says he has a chest of gold, and it is an old bird-basket; @@ -3252,7 +3222,7 @@ has golden shoes, and they are worn out slippers, without soles; that he has a golden gun, and it is only a wooden stock, because they took the barrel away from him. -_Guee._ Heavens! what an impudent boy, a babbler, a lying tongue! +_Güe._ Heavens! what an impudent boy, a babbler, a lying tongue! Break his head, my boy, for no son of mine would slander me in that way. @@ -3261,7 +3231,7 @@ Governor, to hear this babbler; for when I went with my father on the road to Mexico, when we came back my mother was big by another, and that is why this one is such a bad breed, Governor Tastuanes. -_Guee._ Governor Tastuanes, now are you not satisfied completely +_Güe._ Governor Tastuanes, now are you not satisfied completely about us, by what Don Forcico told the Royal Court, that I have quantities of pretty and beautiful things? @@ -3269,18 +3239,18 @@ _Gov._ No, not satisfied; the Royal Court would like to know it. 40 -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -No chiquimate mollule Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes: pues mayaguee amigo +No chiquimate mollule Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes: pues mayagüe amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, campamento Srs. principales, sones, mudanzas, -velancicos, necana y palparesia mo tinderia turna gueiso mo Cabildo +velancicos, necana y palparesia mo tinderia turna güiso mo Cabildo Real. _Gobernador._ -No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, simocaguee campamento Sres. principales, +No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana, y paltechua consolar sesule -Gueguence(.) Eguan mo tinderia y paltechua consolar mo cabildo real. +Güegüence(.) Eguan mo tinderia y paltechua consolar mo cabildo real. _Alguacil._ @@ -3288,45 +3258,45 @@ Mascamayagua, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia tinderia mo Cabildo Real. - Da vuelta el Gueguence y los muchachos bailando con la + Da vuelta el Güegüence y los muchachos bailando con la tienda, y habla el -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Matateco Dio mispiales, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, asanega neme mo -tinderia matamagueeso mo Cabildo Real. Alzen muchachos, miren cuanta +tinderia matamagüeso mo Cabildo Real. Alzen muchachos, miren cuanta hermosura. En primer lugar cajoneria de oro, cajoneria de plata, -gueipil de pecho, gueipil de pluma, medias de seda, zapatos de oro, +güipil de pecho, güipil de pluma, medias de seda, zapatos de oro, sombrero de castor, estriberas de lazo de oro y de plata, muchintes hermosuras, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, asaneganeme ese lucero de la -manana que relumbra del otro lado del mar, asanecaneme esa +mañana que relumbra del otro lado del mar, asanecaneme esa jeringuita de oro para ya remediar el Cabildo Real del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ -Para tu cuerpo, Gueguence. +Para tu cuerpo, Güegüence. 41 -_Guee._ The clever Governor Tastuanes does not know it. Well, then, +_Güe._ The clever Governor Tastuanes does not know it. Well, then, let friend Captain Chief Alguacil suspend in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances, songs, ballets and talk, and I will open my tent to the Royal Court. _Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances, songs, ballets and such like, to -please this good-for-nothing Gueguence, and he will show his tent, +please this good-for-nothing Güegüence, and he will show his tent, to please the Royal Court. _Alg._ At your service, Governor Tastuanes. I pray God to protect the leading men, [and they suspend] the music, dances, songs, ballets and talk, [to show] the tent to the Royal Court. - (Gueguence and the boys dance around the stage with the + (Güegüence and the boys dance around the stage with the tent.) -_Guee._ I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. Let me offer +_Güe._ I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. Let me offer you my tent, to show to the Royal Court. Heft it, boys. See what pretty things! In the first place, a chest of gold, a chest of silver, vests, feather skirts, silk stockings, golden shoes, a @@ -3336,40 +3306,40 @@ morning, which shines from the other side of the sea; let me offer you this syringe of gold, with which to medicate the Royal Court of the Governor Tastuanes. -_Gov._ May it be for your own body, Gueguence. +_Gov._ May it be for your own body, Güegüence. 42 -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Como este mi muchacho tiene tantos oficios, que hasta en las unas +Como este mi muchacho tiene tantos oficios, que hasta en las uñas tiene encajados los oficios. _Gobernador._ -Seran de arena, Gueguence. +Seran de arena, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Pues mas ha sido escultor, fundidor, repicador, piloto de alturas de aquellos que se elevan hasta las nubes, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ -Esos no son oficios de continuo, Gueguence. +Esos no son oficios de continuo, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Pues mas ha sido carpintero, hacedor de yugos aunque sean de papayo, -hacedor de arados, aunque sean de tecomajoche ya pachiguee muyule +hacedor de arados, aunque sean de tecomajoche ya pachigüe muyule Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ -Ya pachigueete no pachigueete, pues Gueguence asanese palparesia mo +Ya pachigüete no pachigüete, pues Güegüence asanese palparesia mo Don Forcico timaguas y verdad tin oficios. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Pues si cana amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}. Mayague nistipampa Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia Don @@ -3377,37 +3347,37 @@ Forcico timaguas y verdad tin oficios. _Alguacil._ -Mascamayagua, Gueguence. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres. principales, +Mascamayagua, Güegüence. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia D. Forcico mo Cabildo Real. - Vuelve el Alguacil a sacar a D. Forcico. + Vuelve el Alguacil à sacar à D. Forcico. 43 -_Guee._ It is wonderful how many trades this boy of mine has. He is +_Güe._ It is wonderful how many trades this boy of mine has. He is deep in trades to his fingers' ends. -_Gov._ They are of no account, Gueguence. +_Gov._ They are of no account, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Why, he has been a sculptor, a metal founder, a bell-ringer, +_Güe._ Why, he has been a sculptor, a metal founder, a bell-ringer, and a pilot to the heights which rise above the clouds, Governor Tastuanes. -_Gov._ These are not permanent employments, Gueguence. +_Gov._ These are not permanent employments, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Then he has been a carpenter, a maker of yokes, though of +_Güe._ Then he has been a carpenter, a maker of yokes, though of papaya wood, a maker of plows, though of temple tree wood. This should satisfy the clever Governor Tastuanes. -_Gov._ No, I am not yet satisfied. Let Gueguence tell his son, Don +_Gov._ No, I am not yet satisfied. Let Güegüence tell his son, Don Forcico, to give a truthful account of his trades. -_Guee._ Then, if friend Captain Chief Alguacil will, in my presence, +_Güe._ Then, if friend Captain Chief Alguacil will, in my presence, cause the leading men to suspend the music, dances, songs and ballets, Don Forcico will give a truthful account of his trades. -_Alg._ At your service, Gueguence. I pray God will protect the +_Alg._ At your service, Güegüence. I pray God will protect the leading men, [and they suspend] the music, dances, songs and ballets, for the talk of Don Forcico to the Royal Court. @@ -3417,7 +3387,7 @@ ballets, for the talk of Don Forcico to the Royal Court. _D. Forcico._ -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, hasta en las unas tengo encajados los +Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, hasta en las uñas tengo encajados los oficios. _Gobernador._ @@ -3431,7 +3401,7 @@ aquellas que se elevan hasta las nubes, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ -Pachigueete no pachigueete, pues Don Forcico asamaguimate mollule tin +Pachigüete no pachigüete, pues Don Forcico asamaguimate mollule tin mudanzas, tin sapatetas mo Cabildo Real. _D. Forcico._ @@ -3442,15 +3412,15 @@ necana tin corridos y palechua consolar mo Cabildo Real. _Gobernador._ -No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocaguee campamento Sres. principales, +No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia lichua consolar -sesule Gueguence. +sesule Güegüence. _Alguacil._ Mascamayagua Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia -consolar mo Cabildo Real sesule Gueguence. +consolar mo Cabildo Real sesule Güegüence. Primera bailada del Corrido, y habla el @@ -3475,37 +3445,37 @@ dances and such things, to amuse the Royal Court. _Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances, songs, ballets and talk, in order -that this good-for-nothing Gueguence may amuse [the Royal Court]. +that this good-for-nothing Güegüence may amuse [the Royal Court]. _Alg._ At your service, Governor Tastuanes. I pray God to protect the leading men, [and they suspend] the music, dances, songs, -ballets and talk, in order that the good-for-nothing Gueguence may +ballets and talk, in order that the good-for-nothing Güegüence may amuse the Royal Court. (First ballet with the running dance.) 46 -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, ya pachiguee mollule tigueita tin mudanzas, +Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, ya pachigüe mollule tigüita tin mudanzas, tin sapatetas, lichua consolar mo Cabildo Real. _Gobernador._ -Pachigueete no pachiguete, Gueguence, asamaquimate muyule, asanese -palparesia motel poyuse Don Forcico y Don Ambrosio a consolar el +Pachigüete no pachiguete, Güegüence, asamaquimate muyule, asanese +palparesia motel poyuse Don Forcico y Don Ambrosio à consolar el Cabildo Real. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ No chopa quimate muyule, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ -No chopa quimate Gueguence. +No chopa quimate Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Mayague amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, campamento Sres. principales, sones, corridos, necana y paltechua consolar Don Forcico eguan D. @@ -3513,40 +3483,40 @@ Ambrosio mo Cabildo Real. _Gobernador._ -No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, simocaguee campamento Sres. principales, +No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, sones, corridos, necana y paltechua consolar Don Forcico eguan Don Ambrosio mo Cabildo Real. - Segunda bailada del Gueguence, y los dos muchachos. + Segunda bailada del Güegüence, y los dos muchachos. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Sor Gob^{or} Tastuanes, ya pachiguee mollule tigueita tin mudanzas, +Sor Gob^{or} Tastuanes, ya pachigüe mollule tigüita tin mudanzas, tin sapatetas lichua consolar mo Cabildo Real. _Gobernador._ -Pachigueete no pachigueete, Gueguence. +Pachigüete no pachigüete, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes asamaquimate mollule tin mudanzas, tin -sapatetas sones San Martin, a lichua consolar Don Forcico eguan Don +sapatetas sones San Martin, à lichua consolar Don Forcico eguan Don Ambrosio mo Cabildo Real. 47 -_Guee._ Governor Tastuanes, now you are satisfied that they have +_Güe._ Governor Tastuanes, now you are satisfied that they have dances and caperings to amuse the Royal Court. _Gov._ No, I am not satisfied. I would know thoroughly what Don Forcico and Don Ambrosio can do to amuse the Royal Court. -_Guee._ Do you not know it, Governor Tastuanes? +_Güe._ Do you not know it, Governor Tastuanes? -_Gov._ I do not know it, Gueguence. +_Gov._ I do not know it, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Let friend Captain Alguacil Major [suspend] in the quarters +_Güe._ Let friend Captain Alguacil Major [suspend] in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances, songs and such like, that Don Forcico and Don Ambrosio may amuse the Royal Court. @@ -3554,14 +3524,14 @@ _Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances, songs and such like, that Don Forcico and Don Ambrosio may amuse the Royal Court. - (Second ballet of Gueguence and the two boys.) + (Second ballet of Güegüence and the two boys.) -_Guee._ Governor Tastuanes, now you are certainly satisfied that they +_Güe._ Governor Tastuanes, now you are certainly satisfied that they have dances, have caperings, to amuse the Royal Court. -_Gov._ No, I am not satisfied, Gueguence. +_Gov._ No, I am not satisfied, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Governor Tastuanes may certainly know that Don Forcico and +_Güe._ Governor Tastuanes may certainly know that Don Forcico and Don Ambrosio have dances and caperings, to the tune of St. Martin, to amuse the Royal Court. @@ -3569,123 +3539,123 @@ to amuse the Royal Court. _Gobernador._ -No chopa quimate mollule Gueguence. No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} -simocaguee campamento Sres. principales, sones San Martin a lichua -consolar mo Cabildo Real sesule Gueguence. +No chopa quimate mollule Güegüence. No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} +simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, sones San Martin a lichua +consolar mo Cabildo Real sesule Güegüence. Aqui se toca S. Martin y dan vuelta todos bailando. _Gobernador._ -A Gueguence ya pachiguee muyule tigueita tin sapatetas lichuas +A Güegüence ya pachigüe muyule tigüita tin sapatetas lichuas consolar mo Cabildo Real. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Pachigueete no pachiguee, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes asamaquimate muyule -sones Portorico no amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} a lichua consolar Don +Pachigüete no pachigüe, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes asamaquimate muyule +sones Portorico no amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} à lichua consolar Don Forcico, y Don Ambrosio mo Cabildo Real. _Gobernador._ -No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, simocaguee campamento Sres. principales, -sones Portorico lichua consolar sesule Gueguence. +No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, +sones Portorico lichua consolar sesule Güegüence. Aqui se toca un ton antiguo y dan vuelta todos bailando. _Gobernador._ -A Gueguence ya pachiguee muyule tigueita tin sapatetas lichua consolar +A Güegüence ya pachigüe muyule tigüita tin sapatetas lichua consolar mo Cabildo Real. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Pachigueete no pachiguee, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, que unos van para +Pachigüete no pachigüe, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, que unos van para atras, y otros para delante. _Gobernador._ -Eso no lo se, Gueguence. Pues, Gueguence, asamaquimate muyule, tin -mudanzas, tin sapatetas semula macho-raton a lichua consolar mo +Eso no lo sé, Güegüence. Pues, Güegüence, asamaquimate muyule, tin +mudanzas, tin sapatetas semula macho-raton à lichua consolar mo Cabildo Real. 49 _Gov._ I do not certainly know it. My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of the leading men [the music, etc.], that -this good-for-nothing Gueguence may amuse the Royal Court with the +this good-for-nothing Güegüence may amuse the Royal Court with the tune of St. Martin. (The tune of St. Martin is played, and they all dance around.) -_Gov._ Now, Gueguence, I am satisfied that they have caperings to +_Gov._ Now, Güegüence, I am satisfied that they have caperings to amuse the Royal Court. -_Guee._ But I am not satisfied; and, Governor Tastuanes, my friend, +_Güe._ But I am not satisfied; and, Governor Tastuanes, my friend, Captain Chief Alguacil, might like to know how Don Forcico and Don Ambrosio can amuse the Royal Court, to the tune of Porto Rico. _Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of the leading men [the music, etc.], that this good-for-nothing -Gueguence may console [us] with the tune of Porto Rico. +Güegüence may console [us] with the tune of Porto Rico. (An ancient tune is played, and they all dance around.) -_Gov._ Now, Gueguence, I am satisfied that they have caperings to +_Gov._ Now, Güegüence, I am satisfied that they have caperings to amuse the Royal Court. -_Guee._ But I am not satisfied, Governor Tastuanes, as some go from +_Güe._ But I am not satisfied, Governor Tastuanes, as some go from behind and others from in front. -_Gov._ I know nothing about that, Gueguence. Now, Gueguence, whether +_Gov._ I know nothing about that, Güegüence. Now, Güegüence, whether they have dances, caperings, like the _macho-raton_, to amuse the Royal Court? 50 -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, ya bueno amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, -campamento Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, necana, a lichua +campamento Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, necana, à lichua consolar semula macho-raton mo Cabildo Real. A, muchachos! que es de los machos? _D. Forcico._ -Ahi estan, tatita. +Ahà estan, tatita. Aqui se toca la Valona para los machos, y habla el -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes ya pachiguee mollule, tin mudanzas, tin +Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes ya pachigüe mollule, tin mudanzas, tin sapatetas, tin remates, tin corcobios semula macho-raton. _Gobernador._ -Pachigueete no pachiguee, Gueguence. +Pachigüete no pachigüe, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Pues Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, no haremos un trato y contrato, que el -sin tuno, sin tunal de eguan mo Dona Suche-Malinche? +sin tuno, sin tunal de eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche? _Gobernador._ -No chopa quimate muyule, Gueguence. +No chopa quimate muyule, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ No chiquimate, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. _Gobernador._ -No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocaguee campamento el Senor Escribano -Real, chigueigua no provincia real lichua obedecer eguan mo Dona +No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocagüe campamento el Señor Escribano +Real, chigüigua no provincia real lichua obedecer eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche. - Va el Alguacil a hablar con el Escribano Real. + Va el Alguacil à hablar con el Escribano Real. _Alguacil._ @@ -3693,7 +3663,7 @@ Matateco Dio mispiales, Sr. Escribano Real. 51 -_Guee._ Governor Tastuanes, and good friend Captain Chief Alguacil, +_Güe._ Governor Tastuanes, and good friend Captain Chief Alguacil, [suspend] in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances and songs, in order that we may amuse the Royal Court with the _macho-raton_. Ho, boys! how about the mules? @@ -3702,19 +3672,19 @@ _Don For._ Here they are, little papa. (The Valona is played for the mules.) -_Guee._ Governor Tastuanes, you are certainly satisfied that they +_Güe._ Governor Tastuanes, you are certainly satisfied that they have dances, caperings, finishing touches and curvetings, like the _macho-raton_. -_Gov._ No, I am not satisfied, Gueguence. +_Gov._ No, I am not satisfied, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Well, then, Governor Tastuanes, shall we not make a trade and +_Güe._ Well, then, Governor Tastuanes, shall we not make a trade and a treaty between him, without a folly or a fig-tree, and the lady Suche-Malinche? -_Gov._ Do you not know of it already, Gueguence? +_Gov._ Do you not know of it already, Güegüence? -_Guee._ I do not know it, Governor Tastuanes. +_Güe._ I do not know it, Governor Tastuanes. _Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend [the labor] in the quarters of the Royal Secretary, and let him obey our order to enter @@ -3734,12 +3704,12 @@ _Alguacil._ Ya nemo niqui nistipampa Sor. Escribano Real, negua ligua y Provincia Real, del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, lichua obedecer eguan -mo Dona Suche-Malinche. +mo Doña Suche-Malinche. _Escribano._ -Pues, no pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocaguee campamento Sres. -principales, sones, rujeros, y paltechua obedecer eguan mo Dona +Pues, no pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocagüe campamento Sres. +principales, sones, rujeros, y paltechua obedecer eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche. _Alguacil._ @@ -3759,18 +3729,18 @@ Matateco Dio miscuales quilis Sor. Escribano Real, ya tiguala neme? _Escribano._ -Ya nemo niqui nistipampa lichua obedecer, eguan mo Dona +Ya nemo niqui nistipampa lichua obedecer, eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche. _Gobernador._ -Pues, Sor. Escribano Real, asanegaguala sesule Gueguence gueil hombre -rico, eguan mo Dona Suche-Malinche. +Pues, Sor. Escribano Real, asanegaguala sesule Güegüence güil hombre +rico, eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche. _Escribano._ Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, asanegualigua vestir saya de la China, -gueipil de pecho, gueipil de pluma, medias de seda, +güipil de pecho, güipil de pluma, medias de seda, 53 @@ -3797,7 +3767,7 @@ _Sec._ I am, as is proper, [and come] to obey your orders, with the lady Suche-Malinche. _Gov._ Well, Mr. Secretary, there is a bargain between this -good-for-nothing Gueguence, who is a rich man, and the lady +good-for-nothing Güegüence, who is a rich man, and the lady Suche-Malinche. _Sec._ Governor Tastuanes, let the bargain be for clothing, a @@ -3808,31 +3778,31 @@ petticoat from China, vest, feather skirt, silk stockings, zapatos de oro, sombrero de castor, para monistilco al Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - Se vuelve el Escribano a su lugar, bailando con el + Se vuelve el Escribano à su lugar, bailando con el Alguacil. _Gobernador._ -Ha, Gueguence, asiguala lichua escojer mosamonte. +Ha, Güegüence, asiguala lichua escojer mosamonte. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -?Desmonte? +¿Desmonte? _Gobernador._ -Mosamonte, Gueguence. +Mosamonte, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Yo no he hecho trato ni contrato con el Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, solo que sea mi muchacho. _Gobernador._ -Eso no lo se, Gueguence. +Eso no lo sé, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Ha, muchachos, que trato y contrato tienes con el Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. @@ -3841,15 +3811,15 @@ _D. Forcico._ De casarme, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -De casarte! ?y tan chiquito te atreves a casarte, muchacho? +De casarte! ¿y tan chiquito te atreves à casarte, muchacho? _D. Forcico._ Si, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Y con quien me dejas, muchacho? @@ -3857,9 +3827,9 @@ _D. Forcico._ Con mi hermanito, Don Ambrosio. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Que caso me hara ese jipato! +Que caso me hará ese jipato! 55 @@ -3868,33 +3838,33 @@ shoes of gold, a beaver hat, for a son-in-law of Governor Tastuanes. (The Secretary returns to his place, dancing with the Alguacil.) -_Gov._ Ha, Gueguence! it angers me that you choose so +_Gov._ Ha, Güegüence! it angers me that you choose so presumptuously. -_Guee._ Trumpery? +_Güe._ Trumpery? -_Gov._ Presumptuously, Gueguence. +_Gov._ Presumptuously, Güegüence. -_Guee._ I have not made any trade or treaty with the Governor +_Güe._ I have not made any trade or treaty with the Governor Tastuanes; it must be my boy. -_Gov._ I don't know about that, Gueguence. +_Gov._ I don't know about that, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Ho, boys! what trade or treaty have you with the Governor +_Güe._ Ho, boys! what trade or treaty have you with the Governor Tastuanes? _Don For._ For me to get married, little papa. -_Guee._ For you to get married! What, boy! a little chap like you +_Güe._ For you to get married! What, boy! a little chap like you dares to get married? _Don For._ Yes, little papa. -_Guee._ And with whom are you going to leave me boy? +_Güe._ And with whom are you going to leave me boy? _Don For._ With my little brother, Don Ambrosio. -_Guee._ What care will that imp take of me? +_Güe._ What care will that imp take of me? 56 @@ -3902,50 +3872,50 @@ _D. Ambrosio._ Y yo tambien me quiero casar. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Para eso seres bueno. Don Forcico asiguale lichua escojer mosamonte. +Para eso seres bueno. Don Forcico asiguale lichúa escojer mosamonte. Ve, que bizarra dama aqui, muchacho. _D. Forcico._ -No esta de mi gusto, tatita. +No está de mi gusto, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Porque, muchacho? _D. Forcico._ -Porque esta muy pachaca, tatita. +Porque está muy pachaca, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Pues, que es iguana o garrobo para que este pachaca? Quien la echo a +Pues, que es iguana ó garrobo para que esté pachaca? Quien la echó á perder, muchacho? _D. Forcico._ Mi hermanito, Don Ambrosio. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Para eso sera bueno este soplado, ojos de sapo muerto, por eso esta +Para eso será bueno este soplado, ojos de sapo muerto, por eso está tan apupujado. Ve, que bizarra maneca, muchacho. _D. Forcico._ -Si esta aventada, tatita. +Si está aventada, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Quien la avento, muchacho? +Quien la aventó, muchacho? _D. Forcico._ Mi hermanito, Don Ambrosio. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Como aventastes esta dama, Don Ambrosio? @@ -3953,47 +3923,47 @@ Como aventastes esta dama, Don Ambrosio? _Don Am._ And I too want to get married. -_Guee._ You're good enough for that. Don Forcico makes a bargain to +_Güe._ You're good enough for that. Don Forcico makes a bargain to choose presumptuously. See what a gay lady is here, my boy? _Don For._ She is not to my taste, little papa. -_Guee._ Why not, my boy? +_Güe._ Why not, my boy? _Don For._ Because she is too much stuffed, little papa. -_Guee._ Is she, then, an iguana or a garrobo, that she is stuffed? +_Güe._ Is she, then, an iguana or a garrobo, that she is stuffed? Who has spoiled her, my boy? _Don For._ My little brother, Don Ambrosio. -_Guee._ For that the bloated fellow is good enough, the evil-eyed +_Güe._ For that the bloated fellow is good enough, the evil-eyed brat; that is the reason he is so played out. See, here's a gay cake-baker my boy. _Don For._ She _is_ puffed up, little papa. -_Guee._ Who puffed her up, boy? +_Güe._ Who puffed her up, boy? _Don For._ My little brother, Don Ambrosio. -_Guee._ How did you puff up this lady, Don Ambrosio? +_Güe._ How did you puff up this lady, Don Ambrosio? 58 _D. Ambrosio._ -De dormir con vos, Gueguence. +De dormir con vos, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Callate, mala casta. Ve que bizarra dama, esta otra, muchacho. _D. Forcico._ -Esta, si, esta de mi gusto, tatita. +Esta, sÃ, está de mi gusto, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Sabes escojer, no muchacho, pero no sabes escojer un buen machete para hacer un buen desmonte. @@ -4002,120 +3972,120 @@ _D. Forcico._ Tambien, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, mosegua trato y contrato. _Gobernador._ -No mocegua, Gueguence. +No mocegua, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ No mocegua, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes; lo que siento es mi muchacho que se me pierde. _Gobernador._ -Eso no lo se, Gueguence. +Eso no lo sé, Güegüence. Aqui se casan, y habla el. _Gobernador._ -No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} chigueigua mo Provincia Real, campamento -sesule Gueguence lichua obedecer con una yunta de botijas de vino de -Castilla para en chocola y paltechua brindar mo Cabildo Real. +No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} chigüigua mo Provincia Real, campamento +sesule Güegüence lichua obedecer con una yunta de botijas de vino de +Castilla para en chocolá y paltechua brindar mo Cabildo Real. _Regidor._ -Simocaguee, Sor. Alg^l M^{or}.--Mayaguee, amigo sesule Gueguence. En +Simocagüe, Sor. Alg^l M^{or}.--Mayagüe, amigo sesule Güegüence. En nombre mo Cabildo Real te damos los 59 -_Don Am._ It came from sleeping with you, Gueguence. +_Don Am._ It came from sleeping with you, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Shut up, you bad breed. See, my boy, what a gay lady this +_Güe._ Shut up, you bad breed. See, my boy, what a gay lady this other one is. _Don For._ This one? Yes, she suits me, little papa. -_Guee._ You know how to choose, my boy; but you don't know how to +_Güe._ You know how to choose, my boy; but you don't know how to choose a good axe to make a good clearing. _Don For._ That also, little papa. -_Guee._ Governor Tastuanes, let us make a trade and a treaty. +_Güe._ Governor Tastuanes, let us make a trade and a treaty. -_Gov._ I will make it, Gueguence. +_Gov._ I will make it, Güegüence. -_Guee._ I will make it, Governor Tastuanes. What I feel is the loss +_Güe._ I will make it, Governor Tastuanes. What I feel is the loss of my boy. -_Gov._ I don't know about that, Gueguence. +_Gov._ I don't know about that, Güegüence. (The marriage takes place.) _Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, let it be known in the -quarters of my Royal Province that this good-for-nothing Gueguence +quarters of my Royal Province that this good-for-nothing Güegüence is going to treat the Royal Court to a yoke of jars of Spanish wine. _Reg._ Suspend [business], Mr. Chief Alguacil, and attend, friend -good-for-nothing Gueguence. In the name of the Royal Court, we give +good-for-nothing Güegüence. In the name of the Royal Court, we give the congratulations, and also 60 -parabienes de eguan mo Dona Suche-Malinche, de inmenso que goce con -Don Forcico, tu hijo, Gueguence. +parabienes de eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche, de inmenso que goce con +Don Forcico, tu hijo, Güegüence. _Alguacil._ -Ha, Gueguence, asanegualigua y Provincia Real del Sor. Gob^{or} +Ha, Güegüence, asanegualigua y Provincia Real del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes y paltechua obedecer con una yunta de botijas de vino de -Castilla en chocola y paltechua brindar mo Cabildo Real del Sor. +Castilla en chocolá y paltechua brindar mo Cabildo Real del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Ha, muchachos, ya lo ven, aviados estamos. Bueno es, ser casado, pero ahora se nos ofrece un gran trabajo. Ya viene el provincial y -no tenemos provision. Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, a onde dejo al -provincial, en Managua o en Nindiri? +no tenemos provision. Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, á onde dejó al +provincial, en Managua ó en Nindiri? _Alguacil._ -Acaso no me cele de provincial, Gueguence; una yunta de botijas de +Acaso no me cele de provincial, Güegüence; una yunta de botijas de vino. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Ya lo ven, muchachos, una yunta de bueyes, y ha de ser con carreta. _Alguacil._ -Acaso no me cele de bueyes o de carreta, Gueguence. Una yunta de -botijas de vino de Castilla para en chocola brindar su Cabildo Real +Acaso no me cele de bueyes ò de carreta, Güegüence. Una yunta de +botijas de vino de Castilla para en chocolá brindar su Cabildo Real Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Ya lo ves, muchacho, en que empeno me metes, con ser casado. Ya ves +Ya lo ves, muchacho, en que empeño me metes, con ser casado. Ya ves la providencia que pide el Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, una yunta de -botijas de vino de Castilla para en chocola del Sor. Gob^{or} -Tastuanes; te atreves a buscarla o a sacarla, muchacho? +botijas de vino de Castilla para en chocolá del Sor. Gob^{or} +Tastuanes; te atreves á buscarla ó á sacarla, muchacho? 61 to the lady Suche Malinche, that she may enjoy herself hugely with -Don Forcico, your son, Gueguence. +Don Forcico, your son, Güegüence. -_Alg._ Ha, Gueguence! it is known in the Royal Province of the +_Alg._ Ha, Güegüence! it is known in the Royal Province of the Governor Tastuanes that you are to obey him, and treat the Royal Court of the Governor Tastuanes to a yoke of jars of Spanish wine. -_Guee._ Ho, boys! you see we are already provided for. It is a fine +_Güe._ Ho, boys! you see we are already provided for. It is a fine thing to be married, but now we have a big job on hand. The Provincial is coming, and we have not prepared for him. Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, where did you leave the Provincial, in @@ -4124,14 +4094,14 @@ Managua or in Nindiri? _Alg._ Perhaps I don't care about the Provincial; a yoke of wine-jars. -_Guee._ Now you see, boys, a yoke of oxen, and, no doubt, the cart as +_Güe._ Now you see, boys, a yoke of oxen, and, no doubt, the cart as well. -_Alg._ Perhaps I don't care about carts or oxen, Gueguence; a yoke +_Alg._ Perhaps I don't care about carts or oxen, Güegüence; a yoke of jars of Spanish wine for a lunch, to treat the Royal Court of Governor Tastuanes. -_Guee._ Now, boy, you see in what a bother you put me by getting +_Güe._ Now, boy, you see in what a bother you put me by getting married. Now you see the contribution which the Governor asks, a yoke of jars of Spanish wine for the Governor's lunch. Are you equal to hunting for it, or to getting it, boy? @@ -4142,33 +4112,33 @@ _D. Forcico._ No tengo de onde, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Para escojer mosamonte si eres bueno. Te atreves a buscar una yunta de botijas de vino de Castilla, Don Ambrosio? _D. Ambrosio._ -No tengo de onde, Gueguence. +No tengo de onde, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Que cosa buena has de hacer, mala casta! Con que, ?no te atreves, +Que cosa buena has de hacer, mala casta! Con que, ¿no te atreves, muchacho? _D. Forcico._ No, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Pues a ganar o a perder voy a buscar la yunta de botijas de vino. +Pues á ganar ò á perder voy à buscar la yunta de botijas de vino. _D. Forcico._ -No vaya, tatita, ya me avie de la yunta de botijas de vino. +No vaya, tatita, ya me avié de la yunta de botijas de vino. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ A onde te aviastes, muchacho? @@ -4176,66 +4146,66 @@ _D. Forcico._ En casa de un amigo. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Quien te enseno hacer amigo? +Quien te enseño hacer amigo? _D. Forcico._ Usted, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Calla, muchacho, que dira la gente que yo te enseno a hacer amigo? +Calla, muchacho, que dirá la gente que yo te enseño á hacer amigo? 63 _Don For._ I don't know whence, little papa. -_Guee._ You are bold enough to choose [a wife] presumptuously. Are +_Güe._ You are bold enough to choose [a wife] presumptuously. Are you bold enough to hunt up a yoke of jars of Spanish wine, Don Ambrosio? -_Don Am._ I don't know where, Gueguence. +_Don Am._ I don't know where, Güegüence. -_Guee._ What are you good for, you bad breed? Well, don't _you_ dare +_Güe._ What are you good for, you bad breed? Well, don't _you_ dare to, boy? _Don For._ No, little papa. -_Guee._ Well, then, be it to win or lose, I shall go in search of the +_Güe._ Well, then, be it to win or lose, I shall go in search of the wine myself. _Don For._ Don't go, little papa, I have already provided the wine. -_Guee._ Where did you get it, boy? +_Güe._ Where did you get it, boy? _Don For._ In the house of a friend. -_Guee._ Who taught you to make a friend? +_Güe._ Who taught you to make a friend? _Don For._ You, little papa. -_Guee._ Shut up, boy. What will the folks say [if they hear] that I +_Güe._ Shut up, boy. What will the folks say [if they hear] that I taught you to make a friend? 64 _D. Ambrosio._ -Y pues no es verdad que ensenas a malas manas a tu hijo? +Y pues no es verdad que enseñas á malas mañas á tu hijo? -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Arra ya, mala casta! malas manas como las tienes vos. Amigo Cap^n +Arra ya, mala casta! malas mañas como las tienes vos. Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, ya estamos aviados de la yunta de botijas de vino, no -habra un macho de la cofradia o de la comunidad? +habrá un macho de la cofradia ò de la comunidad? _Alguacil._ Vean, que fama de hombre de bien! -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Soy hombre de bien. Traigo mis machos, pero estan algo raspados desde su cruz hasta su rabo a lichuas diligencia, amigo Cap^n Alg^l @@ -4251,15 +4221,15 @@ _D. Forcico._ Ya estan cojidos los machos, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Encojidos? Sera de frio. +Encojidos? Será de frio. _D. Forcico._ Los machos ya estan cojidos. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Cojudos? Pues no eran capones. @@ -4271,13 +4241,13 @@ Cojidos los machos, tatita. _Don Am._ And is it not true that you teach your son evil ways? -_Guee._ Get out, you bad breed; you are the one with evil ways. +_Güe._ Get out, you bad breed; you are the one with evil ways. Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, we have now provided the wine. Have you not a mule of the brotherhood, or of the village? _Alg._ See, what a reputation for an honest man! -_Guee._ I am an honest man. I have my own mules, but they are a +_Güe._ I am an honest man. I have my own mules, but they are a little raw, from withers to crupper, in consequence of my energy, Captain Chief Alguacil. Ha, boys! what about the mules? @@ -4288,25 +4258,25 @@ _Don For._ Here they are, little papa. _Don For._ The mules are now driven up, little papa. -_Guee._ Shriveled up? That must be from cold. +_Güe._ Shriveled up? That must be from cold. _Don For._ I say the mules are driven up. -_Guee._ Livin' studs? Then they were not altered. +_Güe._ Livin' studs? Then they were not altered. _Don For._ The mules are driven up. 66 -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Cojidos los machos? Pues hableme recio! A onde estan los machos? _D. Forcico._ -Aqui estan, tatita. +Aquà estan, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Que macho es este puntero, muchacho? @@ -4314,15 +4284,15 @@ _D. Forcico._ El macho viejo, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Y este otro macho? _D. Forcico._ -El macho guajaqueno. +El macho guajaqueño. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Y este otro macho? @@ -4330,7 +4300,7 @@ _D. Forcico._ El macho mohino. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Y este otro macho? @@ -4338,101 +4308,101 @@ _D. Forcico._ El macho moto. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -?Ya aparejaron, muchachos? +¿Ya aparejaron, muchachos? _D. Forcico._ No, tatita, aparejeselos Vd. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Todo lo ha de hacer el viejo. _D. Forcico._ -Si, es mejor, tatita. +SÃ, es mejor, tatita. 67 -_Guee._ Driven up, are they? Speak out loud to me. Where are the +_Güe._ Driven up, are they? Speak out loud to me. Where are the mules? _Don For._ Here they are, little papa. -_Guee._ Which mule is this thin one, boy? +_Güe._ Which mule is this thin one, boy? _Don For._ The old mule, little papa. -_Guee._ And this other mule? +_Güe._ And this other mule? _Don For._ That is the dried-up one. -_Guee._ And this other? +_Güe._ And this other? _Don For._ That is the quarrelsome mule. -_Guee._ And this other one? +_Güe._ And this other one? _Don For._ The rowdy mule. -_Guee._ Are they harnessed, boys? +_Güe._ Are they harnessed, boys? _Don For._ No, little papa; harness them yourself. -_Guee._ The old man has to do everything. +_Güe._ The old man has to do everything. _Don For._ Yes, it's better, little papa. 68 -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Ya esta sana la cinchera de este macho, muchacho? +Ya está sana la cinchera de este macho, muchacho? _D. Forcico._ -Ya esta, tatita. +Ya está, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Y este otro macho ?ya esta sana la rinonada? +Y este otro macho ¿ya esta sana la riñonada? _D. Forcico._ -Ya esta, tatita. +Ya está, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Que sana ha de estar, muchacho, si asi tanta estaca tiene por -delante? A onde se estaco este macho, muchacho? +delante? A onde se estacó este macho, muchacho? _D. Forcico._ En el potrero, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Eso merece por ralirse del potrero a otro potrero. Y la vaticola de -este macho, ya esta sana, muchacho? +Eso merece por ralirse del potrero á otro potrero. Y la vaticola de +este macho, ya está sana, muchacho? _D. Forcico._ -Ya esta, tatita. +Ya está, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Que sana ha de estar, muchacho, si le ha bajado la flucion por de -bajo de las piernas y la tiene muy hinchada? Revientalo, muchacho. +bajo de las piernas y la tiene muy hinchada? Reviéntalo, muchacho. _D. Forcico._ -Revientelo Vd, tatita. +Reviéntelo Vd, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Ahi se reventara solo, muchacho, que falta? +Ahi se reventará solo, muchacho, que falta? _D. Forcico._ @@ -4440,54 +4410,54 @@ Alzar el fardo, tatita. 69 -_Guee._ Is the girth-gall of this mule well yet, boy? +_Güe._ Is the girth-gall of this mule well yet, boy? _Don For._ It is, little papa. -_Guee._ And this other mule, is its backband-gall well yet? +_Güe._ And this other mule, is its backband-gall well yet? _Don For._ It is, little papa. -_Guee._ How can it be well if it has such a stick in front of it? +_Güe._ How can it be well if it has such a stick in front of it? Where did this mule run such a stick in itself, boy? _Don For._ In the colt yard, little papa. -_Guee._ That is what it deserved for running from one pasture to +_Güe._ That is what it deserved for running from one pasture to another. And the crupper-gall of this other mule, is it now well, boy? _Don For._ It is, little papa. -_Guee._ How can it be well, boy, if the inflammation has passed down +_Güe._ How can it be well, boy, if the inflammation has passed down beneath the legs, and there's a great swelling there? Burst it open, boy. _Don For._ Burst it open yourself, little papa. -_Guee._ It will burst of itself, boy. What's wanting now? +_Güe._ It will burst of itself, boy. What's wanting now? _Don For._ Heave up the pack, little papa. 70 -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -?Calentar el jarro? +¿Calentar el jarro? _D. Forcico._ Alzar el fardo. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Ha! el fardo! A onde esta el fardo? +Ha! el fardo! A onde está el fardo? _D. Forcico._ -Aqui esta tatita. +Aqui está tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ A mi tiempo, cuando fui muchacho, el tiempo del hilo azul, cuando me vei en aquellos campos de los Diriomos alzando aquellos fardos de @@ -4495,9 +4465,9 @@ guayabas,--no muchachos? _Alguacil._ -Date priesa, Gueguence. +Date priesa, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Me llevas preso? Porque, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}? @@ -4505,56 +4475,56 @@ _Alguacil._ Que te des priesa! -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Dejeme acordar de mi tiempo, que con eso me consuelo. Ha! muchachos, -para onde vamos, para atras o para delante? +para onde vamos, para atras ò para delante? _D. Forcico._ Para delante, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Pues, a la guia, muchachos. +Pues, á la guia, muchachos. Aqui se montan los muchachos en los machos. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Muchachos, ?no habra un peinador para brindar el Cabildo Real del +Muchachos, ¿no habrá un peinador para brindar el Cabildo Real del Sor Gob^{or} Tastuane? 71 -_Guee._ Heat up the flask? +_Güe._ Heat up the flask? _Don For._ Heave up the pack. -_Guee._ O! the pack. Where is the pack? +_Güe._ O! the pack. Where is the pack? _Don For._ Here it is, little papa. -_Guee._ In my time, when I was a boy, in the time of the blue thread, +_Güe._ In my time, when I was a boy, in the time of the blue thread, when I was in those plains of the Diriomos, lifting those packs of guayabas--isn't it so, boys? -_Alg._ Hurry up, Gueguence. +_Alg._ Hurry up, Güegüence. -_Guee._ You take me up? What for, friend Captain Chief Alguacil? +_Güe._ You take me up? What for, friend Captain Chief Alguacil? _Alg._ I mean hurry up. -_Guee._ Let me recall old times, that I may console myself with that. +_Güe._ Let me recall old times, that I may console myself with that. Say, boys, do we go in front or behind? _Don For._ In front, little papa. -_Guee._ Then go ahead, boys. +_Güe._ Then go ahead, boys. (The boys mount the mules.) -_Guee._ Boys, isn't there a cheeky fellow to toast the Royal Court of +_Güe._ Boys, isn't there a cheeky fellow to toast the Royal Court of the Governor Tastuanes? 72 @@ -4563,13 +4533,13 @@ _D. Forcico._ Si, hay, tatita. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Senor Gob^{or} Tastuanes, asaneganeme Castilla en chocola de vino. +Señor Gob^{or} Tastuanes, asaneganeme Castilla en chocola de vino. _Gobernador._ -Siguale, Gueguence. +Siguale, Güegüence. _Gobernador._ @@ -4577,27 +4547,27 @@ Sor. Escribano Real, asaneganeme Castilla en chocola de vino. _Escribano._ -Siguale, Gueguence. +Siguale, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Sor. Regidor Real, asaneganeme Castilla en chocola de vino. _Regidor._ -Siguale, Gueguence. +Siguale, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} asaneganeme Castilla en chocola de vino. _Alguacil._ -Siguale, Gueguence. +Siguale, Güegüence. -_Gueguence._ +_Güegüence._ -Pues nosotros, a la gorra, muchachos! +Pues nosotros, á la gorra, muchachos! FIN. @@ -4606,27 +4576,27 @@ FIN. _Don For._ Yes, there is, little papa. -_Guee._ Governor Tastuanes, let me offer you some Spanish wine, as a +_Güe._ Governor Tastuanes, let me offer you some Spanish wine, as a treat. -_Gov._ Follow him, Gueguence. +_Gov._ Follow him, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Mr. Secretary, let me offer you some Spanish wine, as a +_Güe._ Mr. Secretary, let me offer you some Spanish wine, as a treat. -_Sec._ Follow him, Gueguence. +_Sec._ Follow him, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Mr. Registrar, let me offer you some Spanish wine, as a +_Güe._ Mr. Registrar, let me offer you some Spanish wine, as a treat. -_Reg._ Follow him, Gueguence. +_Reg._ Follow him, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, let me offer you some Spanish +_Güe._ Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, let me offer you some Spanish wine, as a treat. -_Alg._ Follow him, Gueguence. +_Alg._ Follow him, Güegüence. -_Guee._ Then, for us, boys; we'll get it for nothing, and drink it +_Güe._ Then, for us, boys; we'll get it for nothing, and drink it ourselves. @@ -4638,7 +4608,7 @@ END. NOTES. -_Page 4._ The Dramatis Personae. These have been discussed in the +_Page 4._ The Dramatis Personæ. These have been discussed in the Introduction, page xlv. I may add that the "Regidor de Cana" may be for "Regidor Decano." Otherwise I do not see a meaning to it. The term "Alguacil" might be translated "constable," or "bailiff." @@ -4654,18 +4624,18 @@ pilse_ is the vocative _nopiltze_, my dear son, compounded of the inseparable possessive pronoun of the first person, _no_, and _tepiltzin_, an affectionate or reverential form, from the root _pilli_. The expression need not be taken as literally meaning -relationship, as the Nahuas used the formula _nopiltzintzine_ in +relationship, as the Nahuas used the formula _nopiltzintzinê_ in addressing all persons of position. "_Ma moyolicaizin_, -_Nopiltzintzine_, seas bien venido, o ilustre Senor." Carochi, +_Nopiltzintzine_, seas bien venido, ó ilustre Señor." Carochi, _Gram. Mex._, p. 20. -_Ya tiguala neme_, I take to be _ye tiqualli tinemi_, in which _ye_ +_Ya tiguala neme_, I take to be _yê tiqualli tinemi_, in which _yê_ is a particle of contraposition, and both the adjective-adverb _qualli_, and the verb _nemi_, to live, to be, are preceded by the second personal pronoun _ti_. The compound _mascamayagua_ appears to be from _maxca_, yours, literally, your thing (_mo_, your, _axca_, thing), and the optative particle _mayecuele_, equivalent to the -Spanish _ojala_; hence the meaning is "yours to command," or "at +Spanish _ojalá_; hence the meaning is "yours to command," or "at your service." In his next words the Governor uses a phrase which is repeated by @@ -4705,22 +4675,22 @@ approximate to what the full expression should be. _Ya nemo niqui nistipampa_, is a frequent reply in the play to a formal salutation of a superior. I have translated it as some -corruption of the Nahuatl words, _ye nemonequi nixtlipampa_, +corruption of the Nahuatl words, _yê nemonequi nixtlipampa_, literally, "my presence is proper," _i. e._, "I am present before you, as is my duty." The Alguacil, as having charge of the patrol, hastens to speak of its wretched uniform. The adjective _sesule_, -constantly applied to Gueguence, evidently in a depreciatory manner, -is probably from the Nah. _tculli_, worthless. +constantly applied to Güegüence, evidently in a depreciatory manner, +is probably from the Nah. _tçulli_, worthless. -_Page 10._ While the Governor and Alguacil are conversing, Gueguence +_Page 10._ While the Governor and Alguacil are conversing, Güegüence and his sons enter, and overhear the last directions of the Governor. All three understand whom he means, but it is the cue of -Gueguence to assume a different signification. To the brusque +Güegüence to assume a different signification. To the brusque rejoinder of Don Ambrosio he pretends to be deaf, and this feigned difficulty of hearing is depended on as one of the main elements of the comic throughout. -The epithet _mala casta_, of bad blood, as applied by Gueguence to +The epithet _mala casta_, of bad blood, as applied by Güegüence to his own (putative) son, becomes intelligible later in the play, where it is stated that he was begotten during his legal father's absence in Mexico. @@ -4730,28 +4700,28 @@ boasting, bragging charlatan. Dr. Valentine suggests "blower," in the slang sense of that word. _Page 12._ _Asuyungua._ The numerous words which begin in _asu_, -_asa_, and _ase_, seem to be compounds with the Nah _aco_, +_asa_, and _ase_, seem to be compounds with the Nah _aço_, "perhaps," used in introducing a positive statement mildly, or in -presenting a question in the form of an assertion, as _aco amo -timocahua_, "perhaps you have not fasted," meaning "you surely have +presenting a question in the form of an assertion, as _aço amo +timoçahua_, "perhaps you have not fasted," meaning "you surely have not." (Carochi.) It is usually combined with other particles, and the analysis of such compounds in the altered form presented in the text becomes exceedingly uncertain. After the announcement of his person and official position by the -Alguacil, Gueguence repeats his titles in a tone of affected +Alguacil, Güegüence repeats his titles in a tone of affected admiration, and inquires after his staff of office, which was not visible. This staff was all-important to the dignity of an alcalde -or alguacil. In Nahuatl this official is called _topile_, he who +or alguacil. In Nahuatl this official is called _topilê_, he who carries the staff, from _topilli_, staff. -_Page 14._ Gueguence, who has no desire to appear before the +_Page 14._ Güegüence, who has no desire to appear before the Governor, makes an excuse that he will learn how to fly, and is about leaving, when he is called back by the Alguacil. The words _te calas_, _qui provincia real_, should probably read, _ticalaquia presencia real_, the first from _calaquia_, to enter, as on page 8. -_Page 16._ Having agreed to take a lesson in etiquette, Gueguence +_Page 16._ Having agreed to take a lesson in etiquette, Güegüence pretends quite to misunderstand the Alguacil, when he claims pay for his instructions. @@ -4772,13 +4742,13 @@ eyes were considered to exercise an evil influence, and to bring bad luck. _Page 20._ _Doblar._ This Spanish word means to toll a bell, as at a -death. Gueguence chooses to understand the Alguacil's demand for +death. Güegüence chooses to understand the Alguacil's demand for _doubloons_ to be a request to _doblar_, and hastens to announce to his sons that the Alguacil has suddenly died. [Illustration: CUP FROM NICARAGUA.] -_Page 24._ The coins which Gueguence names are those of the old +_Page 24._ The coins which Güegüence names are those of the old Spanish currency. A cuarto was a brass piece, equal to a half-penny English, or one American cent (Delpino, _Spanish and English Dictionary_, 1763.) It was worth four maravedis, and eight cuartos @@ -4790,7 +4760,7 @@ show, to disclose; _congon_ may perhaps be a corruption of _conetontli_, boy. The Alguacil now begins his instruction, and repeats, for the -benefit of Gueguence, the proper salutation which should be used in +benefit of Güegüence, the proper salutation which should be used in addressing the Governor. The old man pretends to misunderstand them, and makes use of other words, similar in sound, but of an insulting signification. I have not succeeded in showing, in the English text, @@ -4801,7 +4771,7 @@ unintelligible to me, and the rendering is little more than a guess. The phrase is the same as at the foot of p. 30. In the midst of the conversation the Governor suddenly appears, and -Gueguence turns to him with the customary and proper salutation, +Güegüence turns to him with the customary and proper salutation, thus showing that his desire for instruction from the Alguacil was a sham. @@ -4852,7 +4822,7 @@ _Page 34._ _Hay me sagua_, the same as _hoy melague_, p. 36; hoy, Spanish, now, to-day, _melaua_, Nah., to speak out, or openly. _Page 40._ The reference to the star would seem to be that when the -tent is opened a star is visible through it, which Gueguence offers +tent is opened a star is visible through it, which Güegüence offers to the Governor. _Para tu cuerpo_, "an extremely filthy expression." (Dr. Valentine.) @@ -4882,14 +4852,14 @@ tuna," mendicant or vagabond students. (See Don J. Arias Giron, _Costumbres Salamanquinas_.) _Page 54._ When the Governor uses the Nahuatl word _mocemati_, -presumptuously, Gueguence feigns to understand him to say +presumptuously, Güegüence feigns to understand him to say _desmonte_, which means, in Nicaraguan Spanish, a clearing, and also the worthless waste products thrown out of a mine. -_Page 56._ Gueguence leads in several girls, and presents them to +_Page 56._ Güegüence leads in several girls, and presents them to Don Forcico, which gives the pair an opportunity for some coarse jokes. _Pachaca_, stuffed up, here meant in the sense of being with -child. _Iguana o garroba_, the latter the male of the iguana, a +child. _Iguana ô garroba_, the latter the male of the iguana, a thick tree lizard of the tropics. _Aventada_, puffed up, taken in the same sense as _pachaca_. @@ -4904,8 +4874,8 @@ _Una yunta de botijas de vino_, a yoke or brace of wine jars, probably so called from having been carried by a neck yoke, one suspended on each side. -_Page 60._ The Alguacil speaks to Gueguence of toasting, _brindar_, -the Court, and Gueguence feigns to hear him speak of the +_Page 60._ The Alguacil speaks to Güegüence of toasting, _brindar_, +the Court, and Güegüence feigns to hear him speak of the _provincial_ or ecclesiastical officer in charge of the province. It is an example of assonance which is lost in the translation. Managua and Nindiri are towns in the Mangue district of Nicaragua. See the @@ -4917,11 +4887,11 @@ yoke of oxen. _Page 62._ _Hacer amigo_, to make a friend. This is the phrase which is used by courtezans with reference to securing a male patron to -pay their expenses, and for that reason Gueguence affects to be +pay their expenses, and for that reason Güegüence affects to be shocked by the employment of it by Don Forcico. _Page 64._ The words of the Alguacil, "What a reputation, etc.," are -with reference to the charge of Don Ambrosio, that Gueguence had +with reference to the charge of Don Ambrosio, that Güegüence had taught his son evil ways. The introduction of the mules, _i. e._, the actors dressed as mules, @@ -4938,7 +4908,7 @@ I have consulted. Dr. Valentine thinks it refers to the season of the year when the verdure reappears after the drouth. F. Diego Duran states that the village conjurors were accustomed to suspend charms to the necks of boys by blue and green threads. (_Historia de las -Indias de la Nueva Espana._ Tom. II, p. 275.) Thus understood, the +Indias de la Nueva España._ Tom. II, p. 275.) Thus understood, the time of the blue thread would be equivalent to boyhood. _Campos de los Diriomos._ The Mangue word _Diriomo_ means the hill @@ -4951,7 +4921,7 @@ pyriferum_. It is red in color, and about the size of a small apple. _Page 72._ _A la gorra_, literally "for the cap," an idiom meaning that one receives something merely for taking off the cap; a gratuity. Dr. Valentine, however, writes me: "I understand _nosotros -a la gorra_ to mean 'then we shall have to do without.'" +á la gorra_ to mean 'then we shall have to do without.'" @@ -4971,22 +4941,22 @@ A animals. Asa--. The various words beginning thus are compounds - commencing with the Nah. _aco_, which expresses a doubt, + commencing with the Nah. _aço_, which expresses a doubt, or implies a question, == perhaps, maybe. Olmos says: - "Quiere decir _por ventura_, respondiendo o + "Quiere decir _por ventura_, respondiendo ô dudando."--_Gram. Nahuatl_, p. 179. - Asama--. This prefix to various words is the Nah. _acoma_, - which is a strengthened form of _aco_.--Carochi, _Gram. + Asama--. This prefix to various words is the Nah. _açoma_, + which is a strengthened form of _aço_.--Carochi, _Gram. Mex._, p. 181. The syllable _ma_ is also the sign of the imperative. - Asamaquimate, Nah. A compound of _acamo_, as above, and + Asamaquimate, Nah. A compound of _açamo_, as above, and _mati_, to know. The _qui_ is the objective pronoun of the third singular, him, her, it, that; but its employment in this connection is incorrect. - Asamatimaguas, _or_ --timagas, Nah. Probably from _acoma_ + Asamatimaguas, _or_ --timagas, Nah. Probably from _açoma_ (see above), and either _temachtico_, to come to teach, or tell; or _temaca_, to give something to a person. @@ -4994,28 +4964,28 @@ A Asanegaguala, _see_ Asanegualigua. - Asaneganeme, Nah. Probably _aco ni ca nemactia_, the last + Asaneganeme, Nah. Probably _aço ni ca nemactia_, the last word meaning to give or offer something to another, "perhaps I may offer something," == "May I offer you some?" - Asanegualigua, Nah. Probably _aco_ and _necuilhuia_, to + Asanegualigua, Nah. Probably _aço_ and _necuilhuia_, to deal, bargain, treat for. - Asanese, Nah. p. 42. A compound of _aco_ and some unknown + Asanese, Nah. p. 42. A compound of _aço_ and some unknown word. Probably == _asones_, q.v. Asetato, Sp. ant. and prov. for _sientate_, sit down. - Asiguala, Nah. From _aco_ and perhaps _qualani_, to grow + Asiguala, Nah. From _aço_ and perhaps _qualani_, to grow angry (?). - Asones, Nah. From _aco_, and probably _nechca_ or _nepa_, + Asones, Nah. From _aço_, and probably _nechca_ or _nepa_, adverbs of place and time, "these," "then," "once," - "formerly." Sometimes it is written _a sones_, and + "formerly." Sometimes it is written _à sones_, and _asonesepa_. - Asuyungua, Nah. Compound of _aco_ and _noyuhqui_, thus, in + Asuyungua, Nah. Compound of _aço_ and _noyuhqui_, thus, in this manner (? Cf. Carochi, _Gram. Mex._ p. 190). Ayugama, Nah. == _ayoccampa_, nowhere, not at all, never. @@ -5035,7 +5005,7 @@ C Cabildo, Sp. A chapter; a council. In Central America, the municipal court. See p. 76. - Cabriole, Sp. A kind of riding coat; "a narrow riding coat + Cabriolé, Sp. A kind of riding coat; "a narrow riding coat without sleeves." (Delpino, _Span. Dict._) Campaneme, ?. p. 28. Probably for _campamento_. @@ -5076,7 +5046,7 @@ C Cojudo, Sp. Not castrated. Applied to the entire horse, etc. Columbrar, Sp. To descry, to discern at a distance. "Lo que - veo y columbro, respondio Sancho," etc.--Don Quixote, + veo y columbro, respondió Sancho," etc.--Don Quixote, Pt. I, cap. xxi. Congon, Nah. p. 24. Perhaps _conetontli_, a boy, or young @@ -5114,18 +5084,18 @@ G Garrobo. A large species of tree lizard; the male of the iguana (Berendt, _Lengua Castellana de Nicaragua_, MSS). - Guajaqueno, Nah. From _quauhuaqui_, to appear thin and dry, + Guajaqueño, Nah. From _quauhuaqui_, to appear thin and dry, like a stick. Guancos, Sp. prov. for _guanacos_, foolish, silly persons. - Gueil, Sp. prov. Probably for _que es el_, or _quel_, who is + Güil, Sp. prov. Probably for _que es el_, or _quel_, who is the, or which? Guipil, Nah. A form of _gueipil_, or _huipilli_. The short skirt, without sleeves, used by the Indian women. "Camisa de algodon sin mangas."--Jesus Sanchez, _Glosario de Voces - Castellanas derivadas del Nahuatl_, s.v. + Castellanas derivadas del Náhuatl_, s.v. Guiso, _see_ Tomaguiso. @@ -5146,7 +5116,7 @@ M Biscayan word). See page 81. Macho, Sp. A male of any animal, especially of a mule; used - generally for mule in the Gueguence. + generally for mule in the Güegüence. Macho-raton, Sp. Literally, "the male mouse," but in Nicaragua applied to a fantastic costume, and hence to @@ -5157,7 +5127,7 @@ M _manacan_, one who likes to make such (cf. Carochi, _Gram. Mex._, p. 136). - Maneta, Nah. Probably the imperative form of _nextia_ (_ma + Maneta, Nah. Probably the imperative form of _nextia_ (_mâ xi nextia_), to show, to disclose or inform. Mascamayagua. Nah. A compound of _maxca_ (== _mo, axca_) @@ -5192,7 +5162,7 @@ M pronoun, _no_, my, _mo_, thy, _y_, his, _to_, our, _amo_, your, _yn_, their. _Mo_ is also the reflexive pronoun of the third person singular, and appears to be - occasionally used in the Gueguence as the possessive of + occasionally used in the Güegüence as the possessive of the third person, probably from analogy with the Spanish _su_. @@ -5264,7 +5234,7 @@ N possessive pronoun. See _mo_. It is also used for the Spanish negative, _no_, not, throughout the play. - Nonguan, page 28. An unknown word which, from its initial + Ñonguan, page 28. An unknown word which, from its initial nasal, has the appearance of being from the Mangue tongue, in which this sound is very common. @@ -5361,7 +5331,7 @@ R Remates, Sp. prov. The finishing steps, or closing figures of a dance. - Rinonada. The hinder portion of a horse or mule, over which + Riñonada. The hinder portion of a horse or mule, over which passes one of the harness straps. Rujeros, Sp. prov. for _rugidos_, bellowings or shoutings. @@ -5388,10 +5358,10 @@ S some prefix, as _cepan_, together, or _ixpan_, in the presence of some one. - Sesule, Nah. A compound of _tculli_, good for nothing, + Sesule, Nah. A compound of _tçulli_, good for nothing, worthless, perhaps with _ce_, one, or _te_, some one. It is an adjective, applied in a depreciatory manner to the - Gueguence. + Güegüence. Sicana, Nah. See _Cana_. @@ -5447,7 +5417,7 @@ T totolatera_, a basket for carrying fowls. Tumaguiso, Nah. A compound of _tuma_, to untie, open, and - _quica_, a verbal termination, which signifies a + _quiça_, a verbal termination, which signifies a performance of the action of the verb to which it is added.--Olmos, _Gram. Nah._, p. 157. @@ -5460,7 +5430,7 @@ T prickly pears. See page 80. Tupile, Nah. An officer of justice, an alcalde or alguacil. - From _topile_, he who carries a staff; _topilli_, staff, + From _topilê_, he who carries a staff; _topilli_, staff, this being the badge of the office. @@ -5589,7 +5559,7 @@ INDEX. Gomara, vii. - Gueguence, + Güegüence, Play described, xli. Derivation, xlv. Story of, xlviii. @@ -5764,362 +5734,7 @@ superscripted letters are surrounded by { }. -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Gueguence; A Comedy Ballet in the +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Güegüence; A Comedy Ballet in the Nahuatl-Spanish Dialect of Nicaragua, by Daniel G. 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Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm -concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared -with anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project -Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. -unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily -keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: - - www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 40559 *** diff --git a/40559-8.txt b/40559-8.txt deleted file mode 100644 index a65aaea..0000000 --- a/40559-8.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6125 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Güegüence; A Comedy Ballet in the -Nahuatl-Spanish Dialect of Nicaragua, by Daniel G. Brinton - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The Güegüence; A Comedy Ballet in the Nahuatl-Spanish Dialect of Nicaragua - -Author: Daniel G. Brinton - -Release Date: August 22, 2012 [EBook #40559] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GUEGUENCE; A COMEDY BALLET *** - - - - -Produced by Andrea Ball, David Starner and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -[Illustration: A MANGUE INDIAN RECITING A LOGA. SEE PAGE XXV.] - - - - - BRINTON'S LIBRARY OF ABORIGINAL AMERICAN LITERATURE. - NUMBER III. - - - THE GÜEGÜENCE; - A COMEDY BALLET - IN THE - NAHUATL-SPANISH DIALECT OF NICARAGUA. - - - EDITED BY - DANIEL G. BRINTON - - - - - AMS PRESS NEW YORK - - - COPYRIGHT, - D. G. BRINTON. - 1883. - - - - - LIBRARY - OF - ABORIGINAL AMERICAN - LITERATURE. - - No. III. - - EDITED BY - D. G. BRINTON, M.D. - - PHILADELPHIA: - 1883. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The play which is presented in this volume is the only specimen -known to me of the native American comedy. It is of comparatively -recent origin, and is composed in a mixed dialect, a jargon of low -Spanish and corrupt Aztec (Nahuatl); but, both in its history and -spirit, it bears so many marks of native composition, and is so -characteristic of the sort of humor popular with the tribes from -whom it was obtained, that it fairly merits a place in this series -of publications. - -The text was obtained in Nicaragua, by the late Dr. Carl Hermann -Berendt. But no translation of any part of it and no notes upon it -were found among his papers. The responsibility for the rendering -rests, therefore, with myself. It has presented extreme difficulty, -owing to the imperfect condition of the text, the deterioration of -the Nahuatl words and forms, the antiquated and provincial senses of -the Spanish words, and the obscure local references introduced. I -would rather speak of my work as a loose paraphrase, aimed to give -the general sense and humorous tone of the original, than as a -faithful translation. - -The text has been printed precisely as in the manuscript, even -obvious errors in spelling and punctuation having been preserved. -Suggestions with reference to these are made in the notes. - -For assistance in translating the Spanish text, I would acknowledge -my indebtedness to Professor Adolfo Pierra, of Philadelphia, and Dr. -F. C. Valentine, of New York, both of whom have passed considerable -periods in Central America. - -_Philadelphia, November, 1883._ - - - - -CONTENTS. - - PAGE - _Introduction._ - - § 1. _The Nahuas and Mangues of Nicaragua._ v - Location of the Nahuas of Nicaragua, v - Derivation of the word _Nicaragua_, v - Origin of the Nicaraguan Nahuas, vi - Location of the Mangues, viii - Why called _Chorotecas_, viii - Relationship to the Chapanecs, ix - Culture level of the Nahuas, x - Of the Mangues, x - Disappearance of their languages, xi - Comparison of the Nahuatl of Nicaragua and of Mexico, xiii - Comparison of the Mangue with the Chapanec, xiii - Differences between Nicaraguan and pure Nahuatl, xiv - Comparison of the Mangue or Chapanec, of Central - America, with the Aymara, of Peru, xv - Development of the Nahuatl-Spanish jargon, xvii - Specimens of it, xvii - - § 2. _The Bailes or Dramatic Dances of Nicaragua._ xix - Oviedo's description, xx - Symbolism of the dance, xxii - Benzoni's description, xxii - Gage's remarks, xxii - Historical character of the dances, xxiii - Five classes of dances, xxiii - Purpose and characters, xxiv - The Logas, xxv - Las Inditas, xxv - The Chinegritos, xxvi - The Negritos, xxvi - Toro-Guaca and other dances, xxvi - The drama of the Ollita, xxvii - - § 3. _Nicaraguan Musical Instruments and Music._ xxviii - The Marimba, its form and origin, xxviii - The Drum, xxx - The Ollita or Musical Jar, xxxi - The Pito or Whistle, xxxiii - Specimens of Airs, xxxiv - The long Flute, xxxv - The Juco, xxxv - The Quijongo or Carimba, xxxvi - The Chilchil or Ayacachtli, xxxvi - The Cacho, xxxvii - Character of native music, xxxvii - Air of the Malinche, xxxviii - Choruses and Cofradias, xxxviii - Melodies from the Güegüence, xl - - § 4. _History of the "Baile del Güegüence."_ xli - Whence the text was obtained, xli - Time and manner of its rehearsal, xli - Age of the play, xlii - Reasons for considering it a native production xlii - How different from the Spanish comedy, xliii - Native plots of similar character, xliv - Native comedians, xlv - - § 5. _The Dramatis Personæ of the Güegüence._ xlv - The Güegüence, xlv - Derivation of the name, xlv - Character, xlv - Malicious humor, xlvi - Costume, xlvi - Don Forcico and Don Ambrosio, xlvi - Contrast of actions, xlvii - The Governor Tastuanes, xlvii - Derivation of the name, xlvii - Minor characters, xlvii - The lady Suchi Malinche, xlvii - Derivation of the name, xlvii - The mules, xlvii - Their costume, xlviii - - § 6. _Epitome of the Story of the Güegüence._ xlviii - - THE GÜEGÜENCE; A COMEDY. 3 - - _Notes to the Güegüence._ 75 - - _Vocabulary._ 83 - - _Index._ 93 - - - - -LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. - - PAGE - - FRONTISPIECE. A MANGUE INDIAN RECITING A LOGA. - _From an original sketch by Dr. Berendt._ - - MAP OF THE LOCATION OF THE NAHUAS OF NICARAGUA AND - THEIR NEIGHBORS. xii - - ANCIENT DANCE IN NICARAGUA. xxii - _From Oviedo's Historia._ - - A MARIMBA PLAYER AND HIS INSTRUMENT. xxix - _From Von Tempsky's Mitla._ - - ANCIENT AZTEC MUSICIAN. xxx - _From Duran's Historia._ - - NICARAGUAN INDIANS PLAYING ON THE DRUM. xxxii - _From an original sketch by Dr. Berendt._ - - EARTHENWARE MUSICAL JAR FROM NICARAGUA. xxxiii - _From a drawing by Dr. Berendt._ - - EARTHENWARE WHISTLE FROM NICARAGUA. xxxiii - _From a drawing by Dr. Berendt._ - - NATIVE FLUTE MELODIES. xxxiv - _From MS. of Dr. Berendt._ - - WHISTLES FROM NICARAGUAN BURIAL MOUNDS. xxxv - _From Report of Dr. J. F. Bransford._ - - THE QUIJONGO OF NICARAGUA. xxxvi - _Original Drawing from description._ - - AZTEC MOURNER SINGING AND PLAYING. xxxvii - _From Aztec Codex in the Aubin Collection._ - - AIR OF MALINCHE. xxxviii - _From Morelet's Voyage._ - - MELODIES FROM GÜEGÜENCE. xl - _Original furnished by Dr. E. Flint._ - - EARTHENWARE CUP FROM NICARAGUA. lxxviii - _From a sketch by Dr. Berendt._ - - A NICARAGUAN PLOUGH. lxxx - _From Squier's Nicaragua._ - - A MACHETE. lxxxi - _From an original sketch._ - - - - -INTRODUCTION. - - -§ 1. _The Nahuas and Mangues of Nicaragua._ - -Among the outlying colonies of that important people whose chief -seat was in the Valley of Mexico, and who are variously known as -Aztecs, Mexicans or Nahuas, were several in Central America. "One of -these," writes Mr. Squier, "occupied the principal islands in the -Lake of Nicaragua, the narrow isthmus which intervenes between that -lake and the Pacific, and probably a portion of the country to the -southward, as far as the gulf of Nicoya. Their country was less than -a hundred miles long, by twenty-five broad; yet here they preserved -the same language and institutions, and practiced the same religious -rites, with the people of the same stock who dwelt more than two -thousand miles distant, on the plateau of Anahuac, from whom they -were separated by numerous powerful nations, speaking different -languages, and having distinct organizations."[1] - -This Nahuatl tribe gave the name to the Province, _Nicaragua_, this -being, according to some early authorities, the personal appellation -of their chief at the epoch of their discovery, in 1522, and, -according to others, their national name.[2] For no sufficient -reasons, Mr. Squier applied to them the term _Niquirans_, and Dr. -Berendt _Nicaraos_, but it seems better to retain, as distinctive -for them, the name _Nicaraguans_, or, more specifically, "the Nahuas -of Nicaragua." "Nicaragua" is undoubtedly a Nahuatl word, but, as -the letter _r_ is not found in that language, the precise original -form is uncertain. Father Francisco Vasquez explained it as a -compound of the Nahuatl _nican_, "here," and _anahuacos_, "here -dwell those from Anahuac;"[3] or it may be from _nican_ and _nahua_ -(plural form of _nahuatl_), "here dwell those speaking the Nahuatl -tongue;" or, as a personal name of a chief, it may be _ni -calaquiya_, "I entered into, or took possession." - -How it happened that this fragment of the Aztec nation had become -detached from the main body and resident so far from its central -seat, has not been clearly explained. Mr. Squier and some others -have maintained the hypothesis that the migration of all the Aztec -tribes was from south to north, and that their scattered members in -Central America were bands which had stopped on the road.[4] This -opinion, however, is refuted by the evidence of language, and also -by the unanimous traditions of the Aztecs themselves, both in -Nicaragua and in Mexico. - -The Nicaraguans had a very positive recollection that their -ancestors came from Mexico, driven forth by scarcity of food, and -that they wandered along the Pacific shore to the locality in which -the Spaniards found them.[5] They remembered the names of their -ancient home, or, rather, of their ancient kindred, and gave them as -_Ticomega_ and _Maguateca_, locating them toward the west ("hacia -donde se pone el sol"). It is easy to recognize in these words the -Aztec terminations signifying _gens_ or tribe, _mecatl_ and -_tecatl_, which in the plural drop the _tl_. Nor can we be far wrong -in identifying _magua_ with the Aztec _maque_, upper, above, and -_tico_ with _tiachcauh_, elder brother, and in translating these -names, the one as "the upper people," _i. e._, the dwellers on the -lofty interior plateau, and "our elder brothers," _i. e._, the -senior and ranking clans of their tribe, who remained in Anahuac.[6] - -Besides these traditions, the Nicaraguans showed their close -relationship to the Aztecs by a substantial identity of language, -mythology, religious rites, calendars, manners and customs. We have, -fortunately, an unusual mass of information about them, from an -examination of their leading men by the chaplain Francisco de -Bobadilla, in 1528, who took down their replies with as much -accuracy as we could expect, and whose narrative has been preserved -by the historian Oviedo. They also had retained a knowledge of the -Mexican hieroglyphics, and wrote, in books of paper and parchment, -their laws and ritual, their calendars and the boundaries of their -lands.[7] - -While this Aztec band thus acknowledged themselves to be intruders, -such appears not to have been the case with their immediate -neighbors to the northeast and southwest. These were of one blood -and language, and called themselves _mánkeme_, rulers, masters, -which the Spaniards corrupted into _Mangues_.[8] The invading Aztecs -appear to have split this ancient tribe into two fractions, the one -driven toward the south, about the Gulf of Nicoya, the other -northward, on and near Lake Managua, and beyond it on Fonseca -Bay.[9] Probably in memory of this victory, the Nicaraguans applied -to them the opprobrious name _Chololteca_, "those driven out," from -the Nahuatl verb _choloa_, and the suffix _tecatl_, which was -corrupted by the Spanish to _Chorotecas_.[10] - -The name does not by any means intimate that the Mangues came from -Cholula in Mexico, as some ancient, and some modern, writers have -hastily supposed;[11] nor is it a proof that they spoke an Aztec -dialect, as Ternaux Compans has asserted.[12] So far is this from -being the case, the Mangue has no sort of affinity with the Nahuatl, -and must stand wholly asunder from it in the classification of -American tongues. It has, indeed, a relative to the north, and a -close one, the Chapanec or Chiapenec,[13] spoken by the inhabitants -of three small villages in Chiapas, the largest of which has given -its name to the province. These Chapanecs, by their traditions, -still clearly remembered at the time of the Conquest, and preserved -by the historian Remesal, migrated from Nicaragua to their more -northern home. As they had no connection with the Aztecs, so, also, -they were wholly without affinities with the great Maya stock, which -extended far and wide over Central America, although the contrary -has been recently stated.[14] In fact, among the five different -languages which were spoken in the present province of Nicaragua at -the time of the discovery, not one belonged to any branch of the -Maya group.[15] - -My present theme does not extend to a discussion of these various -tongues, nor take me further into the ethnology of their locality. -It has to do solely with these two nations, the Nicaraguans and the -Mangues. The culture-level of the former was nearly as high as that -found in the Valley of Mexico. They had a settled government, -constructed edifices of stone, sculptured idols, utensils and -ornaments out of the same material, were skilled in ceramics, deft -in weaving cotton cloth and reed or grass mats, able in war, and -thoughtful enough to puzzle their first European visitors with -questions as to the stars and the earth, the beginning and the end -of things.[16] Careful archaeologists in our own day have searched -the territory they inhabited, and many museums contain specimens of -what they accomplished in the direction of the arts, and testify to -a respectable degree of intellectual advancement.[17] - -We know less about the Mangues. They are mentioned as differing in -religious rites from the Nicaraguans, and the impression is conveyed -that they were in a more primitive condition, but yet with fair -claims to be ranked among the cultivated nations of the new world. -Among them, in fact, Dr. Berendt located one of the "centres of -ancient American civilization," and considered the definite solution -of their affiliations as one of the problems of the first order in -the ethnology of America.[18] The Spanish historians relate that -they had hieroglyphic books, like the Mexicans; that they were -rather light in color, careful in dress, setting much store by their -long hair, which they sedulously combed, and had an autocratic -military government. Their country was thickly peopled, especially -that portion of it between the lakes. The district of Managua was -almost like a continuous town, so closely were the native houses -placed together for nearly ten miles. In fact, it was called one -city by the earliest explorers, and Oviedo, who takes pains to -criticise these for their tendency to exaggeration, estimated the -population of this limited district, at the time of the Conquest, at -forty thousand souls.[19] - -At present, scarcely any pure-blood remnants of either of these -nations can be found, and both languages are practically extinct. -When Mr. Squier visited Nicaragua, in 1850, he obtained, with great -difficulty, a short vocabulary of the Nahuatl dialect, spoken on the -island of Ometepec, in Lake Nicaragua; and, in 1874, Dr. Berendt, -only at the cost of repeated efforts, succeeded in securing from a -few survivors of advanced ages a moderately full collection of -Mangue words and sentences.[20] - -[Illustration: MAP OF THE LOCATION OF THE NAHUAS OF NICARAGUA AND -THEIR NEIGHBORS.] - -To illustrate the practical identity of the Nahuatl of Nicaragua -with that of Anahuac, and the Mangue of Nicaragua with that of -Chiapas, I will insert two short lists of common words with their -equivalents in those four dialects. The first is from Mr. Squier's -works above referred to, the second from the manuscripts of Dr. -Berendt now in my possession. - -_Comparison of the Nahuatl of Nicaragua and of Mexico._ - - ENGLISH. NAHUATL OF NICARAGUA. NAHUATL OF ANAHUAC. - - God, teot. teotl. - Man, tlacat. tlacatl. - Woman, ciuat. ciuatl. - Head, tzonteco. totzontecon. - Foot, hixt. ycxitl. - Dog, izcuindi. itzcuintli. - Deer, mazat. mazatl. - Rabbit, toste. tochtli. - Fire, tlet. tletl. - Water, at. atl. - House, calli. calli. - Maize, centl. centli. - Rain, quiavit quiahuitl. - Flower, sochit. xochitl. - Wind, hecat. ehecatl. - Snake, coat. coatl. - Eagle, oate. quauhtli. - Flint, topecat. tecpatl. - Mountain, tepec. tepec. - One, ce. ce. - Two, ome. ome. - Three, ye. yei. - Four, nau naui. - Five, macuil. macuilli. - - -_Comparison of the Mangue with the Chapanec._ - - ENGLISH. MANGUE OF NICARAGUA. MANGUE OF CHIAPAS. - - Man (homo), ndijpu. dipaju. - Man (vir), nyu'a. n[)o]jue, naha. - Woman, najui. najui. - Father, gooha. youa, poua. - Mother, ngumu. goma. - Head, gu t[chi]ima t[chi]ima. - Eye, nahte. nate. - Ear, nyujui. noj[)u]a. - Foot, ngra. taku. - Ruler (or chief), mánkeme. d[chi]amá _or_ mangheme. - Dog, nyumbí. numbí. - Mouse, nangi. nangi. - Bird, nyuri. nuri. - Snake, nule. nulú. - Fire, nyayu. n[)i][)i]ú. - Water, nimbu. nimbu. - House, nangu. nangu. - Maize, nama. nama. - Wind, nit[)i]ú. tijú. - Hill, diri, tiri. dili. - One, tike. tike. - Two, jami. jumiji. - Three, hajmi. jamiji. - Four, haeme. j[)u]amiji. - Five, jagusmi. ja[)o]miji. - -It needs but a cursory glance at these lists to see that, while -there is scarcely a dialectic difference between the two Nahuatl -columns, and again between the two Mangue columns, there is -absolutely no point of contact between Mangue and Nahuatl. - -The chief differences between Nicaraguan and pure Nahuatl were, that -the former changed the double consonant _tl_ into _t_, or dropped it -altogether; that the _c_, _ch_ and _q_ were confounded; that, in the -conjugation, they dropped the prefix _tla_, which in pure Nahuatl is -employed to indicate that the inanimate object of the verb is not -expressed; that certain terminal consonants, as _x_, were dropped; -and apparently that the sounds of _s_ and _r_, not known to the -tongue in its purity, were introduced. - -The linguistic relations of the Mangue or Chapanec tongue have never -been ascertained. I have compared it with the principal stocks in -the northern continent, as well as with the great Tupi-Guarani stem, -which has extensive affiliations in Central America, but without -discovering any analogies of value. It does appear, however, to have -a certain, though far from close, relationship to the Aymara tongue, -spoken in the Peruvian Andes, and especially in the vicinity of Lake -Titicaca, the celebrated site of a remarkable ancient civilization. -The following list of common words seems to indicate this. The -Aymara is taken from the dictionary of that tongue, by Father -Ludovico Bertonio, while the dialects of the Mangue are -discriminated by N, for Nicaraguan, and C, for Chapanec. - -_Comparison of the Mangue, or Chapanec, of Central America, with the -Aymara, of Peru._ - - ENGLISH. MANGUE OR CHAPANEC. AYMARA. - - Father, poua (C). pucara. - Man, naha (C). chacha. - Child, nasungi (N). iñasu. - Ear, nyuhui (N). hinchu. - Eye, nahte (N). nahui. - Bone, nyui (N). cayu. - Fire, niiu (C), nyayu (N). nina. - Water, nimbu (C). vma. - River, naju (C). mayu, jahu. - Wind, tihu (C). thaa. - Feathers, lari (C). lauralua (colored). - Maize, nama (C). ccama. - Earth, nekapu (C). ñeke, clay, yapu, soil. - Sky, naku paju (C). hanac (_or_ alakh) pacha. - Blind, saapi (C). saapi. - Dumb, napamu (C). amu. - Great, yáka (C). haccha. - Bitter, átsi (C). cata. - Dead, tuhua (C). hihua. - To eat, koita (N). kauita (to eat apples, etc). - Food, nomota (C). mamata. - To go, ota (C). aatha. - Thou, çimo (C). huma. - You (pl), çimecmo (C). humasa. - -There are also various grammatical similarities between the two -tongues. Both are highly synthetic; in both the division of nouns is -"vitalistic," that is, into animate and inanimate; the numeral -system is in both the decimal; in both the possessive pronoun -follows the noun; both possess the inclusive and exclusive plural; -and others could be mentioned. - -It is known that the Aymara partakes largely of the elements of the -Qquichua, and by some is classified merely as a dialect of that -tongue. Such similarities as appear to exist between Mangue and -Aymara are, however, less with the words and forms common to these -two Peruvian idioms, but rather more with those wherein the Aymara -differs from the Qquichua. - -With the trenchant differences above indicated, between the Nahuatl -and the Mangue, it is the more singular to observe how the Nahuatl -obtained the preponderance. We may attribute this to the superior -fighting power of the Aztec invaders; to the fact that many of the -native allies of the Spanish could speak that tongue and not the -Mangue; that the early missionaries came from Mexico; or, that the -Nahuatl was promptly reduced to writing, while the Mangue was not; -or to all these causes combined.[21] Certain it is, that at an early -date a mixed dialect came into vogue, both in the Mangue districts -of Nicaragua and elsewhere in Central America, composed of a -broken-down Nahuatl and a corrupt Spanish, which, at first, served -as a means of communication between the conquerors and their -subjects, and later became, to some degree, the usual tongue of the -latter. The Aztecs of pure blood spoke contemptuously of this jargon -as _in macehuallatolli_, the language of slaves, and Father Carochi, -writing little more than a century after the conquest, condemned -it as a hodge-podge of Spanish and Aztec, unintelligible in either -tongue.[22] - -This jargon was carried into the various nations who came into -contact with the Spaniards and half-breeds, and hence we may find -scattered words traceable to it in many of their tongues, and -sometimes formulas of a religious, social or business character.[23] -This is strikingly exemplified among the Mangues, and the fact is -one of considerable interest in connection with the literary -production which is the main topic of this volume. Even to a recent -day, in remote haciendas of the Province of Masaya, among the -descendants of the Mangues, the traveler might hear the grace before -meals, and other short formulas of the Church, spoken in this mixed -patois. - -The following is a specimen:-- - - _Jesu Criste no tecuase + tunanse Santa Maria + el Apostol - Santa Clara nos bendiga esta comida que tienen parte y - poder._ Amen. - -Here, _no tecuase_ is the Nahuatl _no tecuyotzin_, Our Lord, and -_tunanse_ is for _tonantzin_, Our Lady, or Mother. - -Another specimen is:-- - - _Marias te cuasti + Marias ticuisti guanse Dios + y - Espiritu Santo._ - -The correct reading of which should probably be-- - - _Maria tocihuatzin, Maria toquitznitli, yhuan in Dios, - yhuan in Espiritu Santo._ - -This Nahuatl-Spanish jargon became the _lingua franca_ of large -districts of Central America and Mexico. It was the current tongue -of the half-breeds, and to this day is the patois of the muleteers -who carry on the sparse commerce of the interior mountainous -regions. Many of its Spanish elements are ungrammatical, and others -are long since obsolete in the classical tongue. It is interlarded -with words and whole phrases borrowed from the Aztec, but with such -mutilations that they are scarcely, or not at all, recognizable. -Words from other native languages have crept in, which adds to the -difficulty of its lexicography. As for the construction, it became -looser and looser, until, in some phrases, all inflectional elements -disappear, and there is a naked juxtaposition of nominal and verbal -roots, the relation of which must be guessed simply from their -sequence. - -Probably in none of the Spanish provinces has the Castilian suffered -more from such admixture than in Nicaragua. The foreign words are -there so numerous that the country patois becomes nearly -unintelligible to one acquainted only with the Spanish of the -Academy. Here is the verse of a song, for example, in that dialect, -which will illustrate how far the amalgamation with the native -tongues has gone. The words in italic are either Nahuatl or -Mangue:-- - - "_Casahuyano_, mi amor, - Por vos esté _payaneado_. - No seas _tilinte_, mi bien." - "Se _selegue_, dueño amado." - - "My love, between girlhood and womanhood, - My heart is breaking for you. - Do not be severe, my loved one." - "I am yet unripe, my beloved master."[24] - -Another song, in which the lover expresses the strength of his -devotion with more force than elegance, has the following verse:-- - - "O fuera yo _carángano_, - En tus _cojines_ me metería - Para servirte todo el dia. - Te ama este zángano." - -Which may be freely rendered-- - - "Were I a little louse, I'd go - In your puffed and plaited hair; - With you all your toil I'd share; - This lazy fellow loves you so." - -The _carángano_ is the name of a species of louse, and the _cojines_ -are the little pads or cushions which women wear in their hair. - -In this dialect several satirical and political songs have been -composed, and, indeed, the licentiate Geronimo Perez, of Masaya, is -stated to have printed in it a political pamphlet, which I regret -not to have been able to obtain. - -Such is the jargon in which the _Güegüence_ is written, and although -this medley of tongues can claim no position of dignity in the -hierarchy of languages, it has its own peculiar points of interest, -as illustrating the laws of the degradation--which is but another -term for the evolution and progress--of human speech. To understand -its origin and position as a literary effort, we must review the -development of scenic representations in that part of the New World. - - -§ 2. _The Bailes, or Dramatic Dances of Nicaragua._ - -The historian, Fernandez de Oviedo, who was in Nicaragua in 1529, -gives a long account of the dramatic representations, or rites, -accompanied by songs, dances and masked actors, which he witnessed -among the natives of both Nahuatl and Mangue lineage in that -province. They took place at stated seasons, and at certain epochs -in the year. The name which he gives as that by which they were -locally known is _mitote_, which is the Aztec _mitotl_, a dance. He -himself calls them _areytos_, a Haytian word from the Arawack -_aririn_, to sing, and _bailes_, which is Spanish, from a classical -root, and means dances. - -One which he saw at Tecoatega, at that time a Nahuatl village, was -celebrated at the close of the cacao harvest and in honor of the god -of that plant. It offered a curious symbolism, which makes us keenly -regret the absence of a full explanation by some learned native. In -the centre of the village square a straight pole was set up about -forty feet in height. On its summit was placed the image of the god, -brilliantly colored, in a sitting position. Around the top of the -pole a stout grass rope was tightly wound, its two free ends passing -over a wooden platform. - -When the ceremony began, about seventy men appeared, some dressed as -women, some with masks and head-dresses of feathers, and all painted -skillfully on the naked flesh to imitate handsome costumes. They -danced in pairs, and sang in chorus certain songs, to the sound of -the sacred drums. After about half an hour, two boys, who had been -attached to the free ends of the rope, threw themselves from the -platform into the air, in such a manner that they turned round and -round the pole, unwinding the rope, and thus gradually descended -toward the ground. One boy held in one hand a bow, in the other, -some arrows; his companion held in one hand a fan or plume of -feathers, in the other a mirror, such as the natives made of -polished obsidian. As they descended, which, says the narrator, -required about as long a time as one might repeat the Creed five or -six times, the dancers ceased their song, and only the players on -the instruments, some ten or a dozen in number, continued their -noise. But, just as the boys, by the increasing length of the -unwound cord, touched the soil, all present set up a great shout, -and the festival ceased.[25] The cut which I have inserted is taken -from Oviedo's history, and represents the performance. - -[Illustration: ANCIENT DANCE IN NICARAGUA.] - -To one familiar with Nahuatl symbolism, the meaning of this ceremony -is, in a general way, obvious. The seated divinity on the summit of -the pole represents the god of fertility throned in the heavens. The -two boys are the messengers he sends to earth; the arrows refer to -the lightnings which he hurls below; the feather fan typifies the -breezes and the birds; the mirror, the waters and rains. After the -mortals have prayed in chants, for a certain season, the god sends -his messengers; men wait in suspense their arrival, whether it shall -be for good or for ill hap; and as they reach the earth, a shout of -joy is raised, for the food has ripened and been gathered in, and -the harvest-home is ended. - -In the same century the traveler Giralamo Benzoni, who visited -Nicaragua about 1540, was much impressed with the native dances. At -certain ones, as many as three or four thousand Indians assembled, -some dancing, others playing on drums, while others, who formed the -chorus, carried on the singing. The dancers displayed great agility, -and practiced a large variety of figures. They were ornamented with -feathers and plumes, and strings of shells were attached to their -arms and legs.[26] - -The Mangues of Chiapas, or the Chapanecs, near relatives, as we have -seen, of the Mangues of Nicaragua, were famous in the days of Thomas -Gage, the English priest, who traveled through Mexico and Nicaragua -about 1630,[27] for their dexterity in games and the elaborate -scenery of their dramatic representations. "As for acting of -Plays," he says, "this is a common part of their solemn Pastimes." - -This passion for scenic performances was by no means peculiar to -these tribes. It extended throughout almost the whole of the Red -Race, and there are many relics of it which have survived. The older -authors refer to it frequently, and the early missionaries, finding -that they could not extinguish it, sought to turn it to good account -by substituting for the native plays, which were idolatrous or -licentious, moral and instructive pieces. They encouraged the more -intelligent natives and half-breeds to prepare such, and they were -acted in connection with church festivals. - -But it would be an error to suppose that these attempts succeeded -completely in abolishing the older forms, or quenched entirely the -tribal historical character of these ceremonies. Even within our own -generation the contrary of this has been recognized by close -observers. Thus the _cura_ of Jutiapa, a town in Guatemala, Don Jose -Antonio Urrutia, wrote, in 1856: "In most of the Indian towns the -custom is still general of preserving a knowledge of great events in -their history by means of representations, called _bailes_ (dances), -which are, in fact, dances in the public squares, on the days or -evenings of great solemnities. It is most interesting for one who -understands something of the language to participate in these -_bailes_, as he can thereby obtain some knowledge of the most remote -traditions and events in the history of the Indians."[28] - -Confining our attention to the limits of Nicaragua, we find that the -different _bailes_ represented there within the memory of persons -still living may be arranged in five different classes:-- - - 1. Simple dances. - - 2. Dances with songs. - - 3. Dances with prose recitation. - - 4. Scenic recitations with music, by a single actor. These are - called _Logas_. - - 5. Complete dramas, with music, ballets, dialogue, and costumes. - -Most of these have a religious purpose. Thus, it is still a common -custom, in case of sickness or impending danger, to make a vow that, -in case of escape, the person will dance before the image of some -saint on a certain day, at a certain place, usually at a -festival.[29] Such dances are sometimes accompanied with songs or -chants of praise, or are performed in silence. The performer is -usually masked or in costume. - -It would be erroneous to suppose that there is much gaiety in their -dances. At least, it is not apparent to foreign eyes. The music is -monotonous and almost lugubrious, the singing is all in the minor -key, and the motions are dull, mechanical and ungraceful. A European -traveler has, indeed, characterized these spectacles rather as an -exhibition of profound melancholy, than outbursts of merriment, and -has instanced them as a proof of the psychical inferiority of the -race![30] - -Some of them, even to this day, as continued by the lower half-caste -population, are accused of an indecency which may be a reminiscence -of ancient Indian religious rites;[31] for we know that the native -Nicaraguans celebrated a festival strictly similar to that in -ancient Babylon, so condemned by the prophet, during which every -woman, of whatever class, had the right to yield her person to whom -she would, without incurring blame or exciting jealousy. - -The _Logas_ seem to be peculiar to the Mangues. A small theatre is -extemporized, music is provided, and the actor comes forward, -arrayed in some odd garb, and recites a sort of poem, with gestures -and dancing movements. The text of one of these was obtained at -Namotivá by Dr. Berendt, and is in my possession. It is entitled, -_Loga del Niño Dios_, and contains about two hundred lines. The -language is a corrupt Spanish, with a number of Mangue words -interspersed. The exordium reads-- - - "Atienda, Señores, - Pongan atencion - Del Mangue tiyo Pegro - La conversacion." - -The theme is an address to the patron saints and the infant Jesus, -but the tone is that of a burlesque, rather than a serious -composition. The costume of the orator, and his surroundings, the -little theatre, the holy infant, etc., are represented in the -frontispiece to this work, from a sketch taken from life.[32] - -Frequently a number of persons join in the dance. Such is one, still -occasionally seen, called _Las Inditas_, the Little Indian Girls. -The period of its celebration is on the day of St. Jerome. The -women are masked, and wear a loose mantle, a skirt with lace edging, -a sash of rose color, and a hat with feathers. They carry bouquets -and have a silk handkerchief fastened around the waist, the ends -meeting over the hips. The men are in grotesque costumes, with ugly -masks. They dance in couples, but without touching each other. The -music is the marimba and the guitar. The songs usually turn on some -matter of local interest. - -Another favorite dance is the _Baile de Chinegritos_, celebrated -by the Mangues. This name is applied to the masqueraders who take -part in it. They wear a cap of black straw, and the body is naked -to the waist, and painted. Each carries a stick or the dried yard -of a bull, and in turn lifts a companion from the ground and strikes -him with the whip. One, who keeps himself apart from the rest, is -called the _rucia_, or _yeguita_, the mare. He is in a framework -of cane adorned with women's skirts and colored handkerchiefs, -supposed to represent some animal. There is no fixed day for the -dance, but it is usually carried out in fulfillment of a vow. A -variety of this _baile_, called _Chinegritos à caballo_, is -performed by mounted actors, in brilliant costumes, with gaily -caparisoned horses. They are accompanied by music, and draw up in -front of a house, where they sing a song with a monotonous chorus, -_le-le-le-le-le-le-le-li-u_. - -The _Baile de Negritos_ is celebrated on the festivals of St. James -and St. Anna. The participants are on horseback, themselves and -their steeds adorned with bright-colored sashes and garlands of -flowers. They all wear the _mosote_, or black straw hat, from which -this and the preceding dance derive their names.[33] The songs which -they sing are called _Ensaladas_, salads or medleys, and usually -contain personal allusions. - -The _Baile de Toro-Guaca_, the Dance of the Graveyard Bull,[34] as -it may be rendered, is presented on the festival of the Virgin, of -St. Jerome, and other days, in accordance with a vow. It requires -fourteen dancers and seventeen masqueraders. The "bull" is -represented by a framework of reeds, surmounted by a pair of horns -and gaily decorated. - -Other such exhibitions are called the _Baile de diablitos_, _Baile -de la Yeguita_, _Baile de San Roman_, _Baile de San Martin_, _Baile -del Toro y Venado_, _Baile del Mantudo_ (in which a desperado, with -numerous _chichiltes_, small bells, appears), besides some -representations of Bible scenes, as the combat between David and -Goliath, etc. - -Although most of these are accompanied by songs, and some by -dialogues, they do not seem to reach to the height of a plot, or to -the depicting of character or emotion. Beside them, however, and no -doubt to take the place of original compositions of a similar kind, -were complete dramatic creations. - -Many of these were religious or historical plays, arranged by the -clergy, and offer little of interest. But some were of a secular -character, and appear to refer to historical events. - -One was The _Ollita_ or _Cañahuate_. It was acted in the Mangue -tongue at Masaya as late as 1822, but the text is, unfortunately, -lost. The _Ollita_ is the name of the whistling jar, on which, and -on the drum, a lugubrious musical accompaniment was played. The name -_Cañahuate_ is said to have been that of a dialect of the Mangue. -The plot turned on a proposed marriage between an old man, richly -dressed in Spanish garb, and a native princess. The chorus and -assistants carried bows, arrows and quivers, which would seem to -point to an early date as that of the supposed transaction. - - -§ 3. _Nicaraguan Musical Instruments and Music._ - -The musical instruments of the natives of Nicaragua, mentioned by -Oviedo, are drums, flutes of reeds, and _excoletes_, or trumpets. -This, however, by no means exhausted the list, and several others of -similar powers have been retained to the present day, and have been -referred to by travelers as local curiosities. Thus, Mr. Squier -writes as follows, in describing a festival in Leon de Nicaragua: -"It is impossible to describe the strange instruments. One consisted -of a large calabash, over which was stretched the skin of some -animal; this, when pressed in, recoiled with a dull, sullen noise, -like the suppressed bellow of a wild beast, and the wail of some of -the long reeds was like that of a man in the agonies of a violent -death."[35] - -The memoranda that I have obtained from various sources enable me to -supply this omission of the distinguished traveler, and to make out -the following list, which probably is not exhaustive. - -The most elaborate is the _Marimba_. Some writers say that both the -name and instrument are of African derivation, having been -introduced by the negroes. Others assert that the Indians have known -the marimba time out of mind, and undoubtedly invented it. Certain -it is, that they develop singular skill in its management. - -A good description and illustration of it are given by von Tempsky, -from whose work I extract them.[36] - -"They [the Indians of Central America] are still very fond of -dancing, and are very good musicians, performing on a peculiar -instrument, a native invention of antique date, the Marimba. A long, -horizontal stick supports a number of jicaras (or long, cylindrical -calabashes), arranged near one another, according to size, from two -feet in depth to four or three inches. Over the mouth of each of -them is drawn a thin piece of bladder, and over it, at the distance -of a quarter of an inch, are flat pieces of a very hard wood, -arranged like the claviature of a piano. These oblong pieces of wood -are supported on a frame of light wood, joined to the long stick -that supports the row of jicaras underneath. Two light legs sustain -the little piano, partly on the ground, and a hoop connects it with -the player, who sits within the hoop, pressing it on a bench. - -[Illustration: A MARIMBA PLAYER AND HIS INSTRUMENT.] - -"Two long drumsticks, with balls of India rubber at their heads, are -in the hands of the player, who strikes double notes at every touch -of the wooden claviature, with the resounding jicaras underneath. -The sound of this instrument is charming, clear, limpid in its -tones, like the intonation of a harp string of wire. The Indians -produce the justest and sweetest double notes, and blend a rattling -tune together in very harmonious chords. Their talent for playing -this instrument by ear is astonishing; in a day, they will pick up -the most difficult air, and play it with a good deal of expression, -accompanied with a chant of their own composition." - -Instead of calabashes, earthen jars of various sizes are -occasionally used to suspend beneath the key pieces; or, what in -some districts is equally common, they are vertical tubes of cedar -wood (_Cedrela odorata_). As described by the traveler Morelet, -these tubes are twenty-two in number, all of equal diameter, varying -in length from ten to forty centimeters, and forming three complete -octaves without semitones.[37] In many of the _bailes_ this is the -favorite means of music, and it is often associated with the guitar. - -That it was not unknown to the ancient Aztecs seems shown from the -following drawing from an original Mexican painting in Duran's -_Historia_, where the player does not appear to be striking a drum, -but the keys of the marimba, or an instrument of that nature. - -[Illustration: ANCIENT AZTEC MUSICIAN.] - -The _Drum_ was, and remains, a favorite instrument in Central -America. It is usually formed of a hollow piece of wood, which is -struck with sticks. In Nicaragua, however, some of the natives use a -short piece of bamboo, over the ends of which a skin is stretched. - -[Illustration: NICARAGUAN INDIANS PLAYING ON THE DRUM.] - -This is held in the left hand and struck with the tips of the -fingers or the knuckles of the right hand, keeping time to the chant -or song of the performer, while he throws himself into striking and -extraordinary attitudes. The illustration on the preceding page, -from a sketch by Dr. Berendt, shows their manner of performing on -this instrument. - -These two varieties of drums were also known to the ancient -Mexicans. They called the one which was struck with the hand the -_huehuetle_, "ancient object," and that played by sticks, -_teponaztli_. - -The _Ollita_, or Little Jar, is an instrument still remembered in -Nicaragua, and the drama, in the Mangue dialect, to which I have -referred, bearing this name, proves that it was familiarly known at -Managua early in this century. Its sound is described as grave and -suitable to serious emotions. The identical _ollita_ which was used -in this drama was preserved long after the last performance of the -play (about 1822), in the chest of the _cofradia_ of San Jose, in -Managua; but like so many other valuable relics, it disappeared in -the disturbances of the republic. - -From the name, and from what was told of its powers, it was -evidently not merely a whistle, but a sort of earthenware flute. -Such were known in Peru, and precisely in Nicaragua, on the island -of Ometepec, inhabited at the Conquest by the Nahuas, such a musical -jar was discovered of late years, and was examined and its musical -capacity described by Dr. Berendt in the following words:-- - -"Held with the two hands, the lower side turned upward, and the four -holes managed with two fingers on each side, blowing in the mouth -piece yields six different notes. Any two holes covered give the -tonica, one only covered the secunda, all open the tertia, and by -hard blowing a forced quarta; while all closed produces the dominant -(quint) in the underlying octave. Three holes closed yield notes not -in concordance with the others, varying between an imperfect sext -and a diminished septima of the lower octave. But those mentioned -as in accordance permit the playing of many varied tunes." - -The shape of this jar is shown in the following cut, which was -prepared for an interesting article on Indian Music by Mr. Edwin A. -Barber, in the _American Naturalist_. - -[Illustration: EARTHENWARE MUSICAL JAR FROM NICARAGUA.] - -It was capable of rendering various simple tunes. (See page xxxiv.) - -[Illustration: EARTHENWARE WHISTLE FROM NICARAGUA.] - -The _Pito_, or Whistle, was a simpler instrument than the _Ollita_. -It, also, was frequently made of baked clay, and in odd shapes. The -one shown in the following cut was found on the Island del Zapatero, -in Lake Nicaragua, which was also a possession of the Nahuas. Two -apertures lead into the cavity of the instrument. When they are -closed with the fingers, a higher note is produced than when they -are open. - -[Illustration: NATIVE FLUTE MELODIES.] - -In the investigations prosecuted in Nicaragua by Dr. J. F. -Bransford, he discovered many of these whistles in ancient burial -mounds. Indeed, in the district of Nicoya, inhabited at the period -of the Conquest by the Mangues, he states that "every body appeared -to have been interred with a small earthen vessel and a whistle."[38] -The latter are usually of odd shapes, representing some animal. - -The following cuts are taken from his report:-- - -[Illustration: WHISTLES FROM NICARAGUAN BURIAL MOUNDS.] - -The long _Flute_, either of cane, or of earthenware, was found in -common use by the early explorers in Central America, Mexico and -Florida. The Nahuas of Nicaragua do not seem to have made so much -use of it as their relatives in Mexico. - -The _Juco_ is employed in the noisier dances, such as the _Baile de -Diablitos_. It is a drinking gourd (_nambira_), or jar, over the -aperture of which is stretched a skin. This is crossed by a cord, to -which is attached a small piece of wood, which serves as a clapper -when the instrument is shaken. - -The _Quijongo_ is a stringed instrument, made by fastening a wooden -bow with a stretched cord over the mouth of a jar. A hollow reed, -about five feet long and an inch and a half thick, is bent by a wire -attached to the ends. This wire is then tied to the reed at -one-third the distance from one end, and at the same point, on the -convex surface of the reed, a gourd, or thin earthen jar, is -fastened, with its mouth downward. The notes are produced by -striking the two sections of wire with a light stick, and at the -same time the opening of the jar is more or less closed by the palm -of the left hand, thus producing a limited number of notes, which -are varied by changing the intervals. - -[Illustration: THE QUIJONGO OF NICARAGUA.] - -Among the Nahuatl tribes of the Balsam coast, this is called the -_Carimba_. It appears to have been an aboriginal invention, although -some writers have asserted that the Aztecs had no knowledge of any -stringed instrument. Something like a harp, however, is represented -in the following cut, from the Aztec funerary ritual, where a priest -or hired mourner is shown, chanting the praise of the departed, and -accompanying his words with music, on what appears to be a rude -stringed instrument. (See page xxxvii.) - -The _Chilchil_ is a small bell, a number of which are strung -together and shaken. This is an ancient Aztec instrument, the term -for it in Nahuatl being _Ayacachtli_. - -The _Cacho_ is a sort of trumpet, constructed of a horn. A blast -upon it can be heard a long distance, and it has thus become a -measure of length, a _legua de cacho_ being the distance at which -one can hear the horn when lustily blown. It is said to be rather -longer than a Spanish league. - -[Illustration: AZTEC MOURNER SINGING AND PLAYING.] - -As to the value of the music which was obtained from these -instruments, it is difficult to arrive at an opinion from capable -judges. Nearly all who have been in a position to study the subject -have lacked acquaintance with the scientific principles and -developmental history of music as an art. - -Hence it has usually been stated, and accepted without inquiry, that -the aborigines of America were exceedingly deficient in musical -ability, and that their best efforts rarely went beyond creating -discordant noise. Late investigations by competent critics have -disproved this opinion, and show that the melodies of the natives -are in accordance with a recognized scale, though not that to which -we are accustomed. For a parallel we must go back to the ancient -Phrygian and Lydian measures, where we shall find a development of -the art in a similar direction to that among the natives of this -continent.[39] As is remarked by Mr. A. S. Gatschet, "Although the -Indian uses all the seven notes of our musical scales, he avoids -many of our melodial sequences; the majority of his tunes follow the -_dur_ or _sharp_ scales, and the two-eighths or two-fourths -measure."[40] - -In Central America, the native race has a keen musical sense. Von -Tempsky found that they learned by ear, with great ease, the -compositions of Bellini; and in Vera Paz and among the Lacandons, -Morelet heard upon the _Chirimoya_, an aboriginal wind instrument, -an air which he characterizes as "very remarkable" and "extremely -touching." What brings this air into relation to my present theme is -the singular fact that it was known as _la Malinche_, but Morelet -could not learn from what connection.[41] Quite possibly it was from -the character of that name in the play of _Güegüence_. - -[Illustration: MALINCHE.] - -In the public _bailes_ in ancient times, as we are informed by both -Oviedo and Benzoni, the musicians were separated from the singers -and other performers, forming an actual orchestra, and this is also -intimated in the Güegüence. Having thus the position of a class by -themselves, it may fairly be presumed that they cultivated with -assiduity their peculiar art. - -In later days, the _cofradias_, the brotherhoods and sisterhoods -organized in connection with the churches, made it part of their -business to learn singing and music, so as to take part in the -celebration of church festivals. It was through these _cofradias_ -that the art of playing on the ancient instruments was preserved. By -the loss of influence of the church at the separation of the -colonies from the mother country, the _cofradias_ were mostly -dissolved.[42] - -The music which accompanies the ballets in the Güegüence has been -written down, and is familiar to many in Nicaragua. I have obtained -a portion of it, through the obliging efforts of Dr. Earl Flint, of -Rivas, an earnest cultivator in the field of archaeological -research. The score appears, however, on examination by competent -persons, to be probably of Spanish origin, and it would not be worth -while to give more than a specimen of it. (See p. xl.) - -[Illustration: MELODIES FROM GUEGUENCE.] - - -§ 4. _History of the_ "_Baile del Güegüence._" - -Among the scenic representations which have been preserved by the -descendants of the Mangues, in the ancient province of Masaya, the -only one of length which has been committed to writing is the _Baile -del Güegüence, ô Macho-Raton_. Several copies of this exist in -manuscript, and from a comparison of two of them the late Dr. C. H. -Berendt obtained, in 1874, the text which is printed in this volume. -But he did not obtain, nor did he attempt himself, any translation -of any portion of it. He states, positively, that the Nahuatl parts -are not understood by the natives themselves at the present day. Its -antiquity and authorship are alike unknown. It is certain that it -was acted before the beginning of the present century, but with this -single fact its external history ceases. - -Within the memory of those now living, this _Baile_ has occasionally -been acted in fulfillment of a religious vow pronounced in some -emergency of life or affairs. The period selected for its -performance is, usually, at the festival of St. Jerome, September -30th. The preparations for it are elaborate and expensive. In former -times the rehearsals took place daily, sometimes for as much as six -or eight months before the public performance. The actors provided -their own costumes, which required a considerable outlay. There -were, however, always plenty of applicants, as it was not only -considered an honor to take part, but also, the patron or patroness -of the festival, who had pledged himself to give the drama, was -expected to furnish refreshments, in the way of food and drink, at -each rehearsal. As the appetites were usually keen, and the -libations liberal, it was almost ruinous for one of moderate means -to undertake it. For that reason, as Dr. Earl Flint writes me, it -has now been dropped, and will probably not again be brought out, at -least, in full. - -How far beyond the close of the last century we should place the -composition of the Güegüence is a difficult question. Dr. Berendt, -basing his opinion on what he could learn by local tradition, on the -archaisms of the Spanish construction, and on other internal -evidence, referred it in general terms to the first periods (_los -primeros siglos_) of the Spanish occupation. It is probable that we -may assign the early portion of the eighteenth century as the latest -date for its composition, and there is some evidence, which I shall -refer to in the notes to the text, that a more remote period is not -improbable. Of course, it does not contradict this that a few modern -expressions have crept into the text. Nothing else could be -expected. - -No hint as to the author is anywhere found. There are, however, -reasons which I consider weighty ones, to believe that it is the -production either of a native Indian or a half-caste. Several of -them are of a negative character, and I will give these first. - -All the dramas, so far as I know, which were introduced by the -Spanish priests as substitutes for the native _bailes_, are either -religious or instructive in aim. As the Germans say, they are -strongly _tendenciös_. Such are the _Baile de St. Martin_, which -gives scenes from the life of the saint, and in which a wheel, -called the _horquilla_, covered with feathers and flowers, is drawn -along; the _Baile de los Cinco Pares de Francia_, which sets forth -the conquest of the infidel Moors by the Christians, both of which -plays have been popular in Nicaragua; among the Kekchis, of Coban, -the _Baile de Moros y Cristianos_, similar to the last mentioned; -the _Zaki-Koxol, ô Baile de Cortes_, in Kiche, a copy of which I -have, and the like. But in the _Güegüence_ there is absolutely no -moral purpose nor religious tone; so much, indeed, of the reverse, -that we cannot conceive of its introduction by a priest. - -On the other hand, had it been composed by a secular Spanish writer, -we should hardly fail to find it, in a general way, modeled after -the stock Spanish comedy. It differs, however, in several striking -and fundamental features, from the Spanish models, and these -differences are precisely those which would flow from the native -habits of thought. I would note, first, that while females are -introduced, they are strictly _mutæ personæ_, even the heroine not -speaking a word; that there are no monologues nor soliloquies; that -there is no separation into scenes, the action being continuous -throughout; that there is neither prologue, epilogue nor chorus; and -especially that the wearisome repetition of the same phrases, and by -one speaker of what a previous one has said--a marked characteristic -of the native scenic orations[43]--are all traits which we can -scarcely believe any Spaniard sufficiently cultivated to write at -all, would exhibit. - -Furthermore, the "business" of the play is strictly within the range -of the native thought and emotion. The admiration of the coarse -cunning and impudent knavery of Güegüence is precisely what we see -in the modern camp-fire tales of Michabo among the Algonkins, of -Tezcatlipoca among the Aztecs, and of a score of other heroes. It is -of a piece with the delight which our own ancestors derived from the -trickeries of Reynard the Fox. - -The devices for exciting laughter are scarcely more than three in -number; one the assumed deafness of the Güegüence, the second, -a consequence of this, that he misunderstands, or pretends to, -the words of the other actors, thus giving rise to amusing -quid-pro-quos, and third, the introduction of obscene references. Of -course, I am aware that these are the stock resources of many -European low comedians; but I also consider it a fact of very -considerable importance in deciding the probable authorship of the -play, that all of these, especially the first two, are prominently -mentioned by old authors, as leading devices of the native Nahuatl -comedies. Thus, Benzoni and Coreal tell us that in the _bailes_ in -Nicaragua, which they witnessed, some of the actors pretended to be -deaf, and others to be blind, so as to excite laughter by their -mistakes.[44] And Father Diego Duran tells us of a native Mexican -comedy, upon which this of Güegüence may, perhaps, have been -founded, full of songs and coarse jests,[45] in which the clown -pretends to understand at cross purposes what his master orders, -transforming his words into others like them. As to the general -leaning to indecent gestures and jokes, it is frequently commented -on by the missionaries, and given as a reason for discountenancing -these exhibitions. - -The absence of all reference to the emotions of love, and the naive -coarseness indicated in the passages about women, point rather to a -native than a European hand. They are in remarkable contrast to the -Spanish school of comedy.[46] The neglect of common rules of Spanish -construction seems to arise from the ignorance of one imperfectly -acquainted with the language, rather than of deliberate purpose. It -must also be remembered that this piece was one acted altogether by -the native Indians, and not by the Spanish population. - -Nor are we without examples of persons of native lineage preparing -comedies for their fellows. About 1625, Bartholome de Alva, a -descendant of the native kings of Tezcuco, wrote three comedies, in -Nahuatl, drawing his plots from Lope de Vega. It is quite as likely -that another Alva rose from the Nahuas of Nicaragua, and prepared -for their amusement the production I now present. - -For these various reasons I class it among aboriginal productions. - - -§ 5. _The Dramatis Personæ of The Güegüence._ - -The central figure of the drama, and the personage from whom it -derives its name, is _The Güegüence._ This is a Nahuatl word, from -the root _hue_, old; _huehue_ is "old man;" to this is added what -grammarians call the "reverencial" termination _tzin_, denoting -reverence or affection, and we have, intercalating the euphonic _n_, -_huehuentzin_, which, in the vocative, becomes _huehuentzé_. It -means, therefore, "the honored elder," or "the dear old man," and -may be used, as it is in the play, either as a proper name or as a -common noun. In his description of the Nahuas of Nicaragua, Oviedo -gives the word _huehue_, and tells us that it was applied to certain -old men of influential position, who were elected by the natives as -rulers of the villages, and that they in turn selected the -war-chief, whose duty it was to look to the defence of the -community. The name was, therefore, one familiar to the Nicaraguans, -though the character would seem to be drawn as a burlesque or -satire. - -He is, in fact, anything but a respectable person. His indifference -to truth, his cynical impudence, his licentious jokes about and -before his sons, and the unscrupulous tricks of which he boasts, are -calculated to detract from the element of the comic in his -portraiture, for those who have been accustomed to the higher -productions of humor. But it would be an error to allow this -sentiment to affect much our estimate of the influence of the play. -As Lessing very well observes, the true value of comedy is to train -us to see the ridiculous and the absurd, wherever it is, in -flagitious as well as in merely inconsiderate actions, as thus the -observer is prompted to morality as well as forethought.[47] - -As I have said, his character is a marked type of the peculiar form -of humor which the native mind preferred, and of the class of -actions in which it especially found amusement, to wit, in that -jocularity which is assumed to deceive and get the better of one's -neighbor. This is strikingly shown by the number of words in the -Nicaraguan patois which express such actions. Thus, _chamarrear_ is -to take advantage of some one by a joke; _trisca_ is a conversation -in which some one is made ridiculous; _féfere_ is an idle tale with -which a hearer is cajoled; _dar un caritazo_ is to deceive a person -by a trick, etc. This is the humor in the Güegüence. The old man -nearly always has a selfish aim to gain by his jokes and his -stories; they are intended to further his own interests, and, at the -close of the play, he, on the whole, comes out victorious by these -questionable measures. - -As the drama was formerly represented, the Güegüence wore the most -magnificent apparel of any of the actors. Chains of gold, strings of -silver coins, and ornaments of steel draped his person. Indeed, all -the participants vied with each other in extravagant costumes. Their -garments were fantastically adorned with feathers and flowers, and -set off with sashes and handkerchiefs of brilliant colors. - -The two sons of Güegüence, _Don Forcico_ and _Don Ambrosio_, are -drawn in as strong contrast as possible. The former follows the -paternal example faithfully, and sustains his parent in all his -tricks and lies; the latter as invariably opposes and exposes the -old man's dishonesty. The bitter words which pass between them, -however, must not be taken in dead earnest; they, too, are only half -serious, and do not lead to any separation of interests. - -The _Governor Tastuanes_ appears on the scene in Spanish costume, -with a staff and sabre. His name, however, seems to be from the -Nahuatl, probably a corruption of _tlatoani_, chief, lord.[48] He is -little more than a lay figure, designed to draw forth the ruses of -Güegüence. - -The _Alguacil_, the _Secretary_ and _Registrar_ appear in what is -supposed to be full official dress, with their staffs of office. - -The _mutæ personæ_ of the drama are the women and the _machos_, or -mules. Of the former, only one is named, the lady _Suchi-Malinche_, -daughter of the Governor. She enters clothed in a sort of tunic, -fastened to her person with gay silken sashes; chains of gold and -costly jewels adorn her garments, and a wreath of flowers crowns her -hair. The latter may be a reference to her name. _Suchi_ is a -corruption of the Nahuatl _xochitl_, flower; _Malinche_, it may be -remembered, was the name of the famous Indian girl who served Cortes -as interpreter in his first campaign in Mexico, and became his -mistress. Some have supposed that it was a corruption of the Spanish -Christian name _Marina_, but, as Señor Icazbalceta has conclusively -shown, it is the name of one of the days of the Aztec month, -_malinalli_, with the termination _tzin_, signifying affection. It -was the custom in Mexico and Central America, and still is in many -parts, for the natives to name their children after the day on -which they were born, led thereto by certain ancient astrological -notions.[49] In Nicaragua, _malinche_ is also the name of a tree, a -species of _Poinciana_, which bears a handsome red flower. - -The _Machos_, or mules, are twelve or more in number. They give the -second title to the piece,_ El Macho raton_, an appropriate -translation of which I am at a loss to give. Literally it means "The -Male Mouse." As used at present, it signifies a masker, or -masquerading dress. An acquaintance, who has lived in Nicaragua, -tells me that he has heard the children call out: "See, there goes -the _Macho-raton_," which would prove to be an Indian in a fantastic -costume. In the play, they wear heads of skins, imitating those of -mules, surmounted with horns of goats, and a _petaca_, or wicker -basket frame draped with sashes, etc. In their hands they carry -bells. - -Among the ancient Nahuas, and probably to this day, there were -various curious superstitions relating to mice. If they gnawed a -hole in the dress of a wife, her husband took it as a sign that she -had been unfaithful to him; and she entertained the same suspicion -were his garments attacked. When food was attacked by mice, it -indicated that the people of the house would be falsely accused of -something.[50] - - -§ 6. _Epitome of the Story of The Güegüence._ - -[Sidenote: p. 6.] - -The Governor and the Alguacil meet and enter into conversation. The -Governor directs that the songs and dances which are for the -diversion of the Royal Council should cease, and bewails its -poverty. - -[Sidenote: p. 8.] - -[Sidenote: p. 10.] - -He also directs that no one shall be allowed to enter his province -(or presence?) without a permit from the patrol. The Alguacil -complains that their poverty is so great that they have no fit -clothing, and lays the blame on Güegüence. The Governor refers to -Güegüence in severe terms, and orders that he be brought before him, -by any means. - -Güegüence, who with his two sons is within earshot, hears the -Governor's orders, and pretends to think that it refers to a calf or -a colt. - -[Sidenote: p. 12.] - -[Sidenote: p. 14.] - -[Sidenote: p. 16.] - -[Sidenote: p. 18.] - -[Sidenote: pp. 20-22.] - -[Sidenote: p. 24.] - -[Sidenote: p. 26.] - -[Sidenote: p. 28.] - -The Alguacil announces himself as a servant of the Governor. -Güegüence professes to understand that it is a female servant who -desires to see him. The Alguacil corrects him in this, and informs -him that he is to fly to the Governor. Güegüence takes the word in -its literal sense, and chaffs about an old man flying. The Alguacil -suggests to him that he had better learn how to salute the Governor -properly on entering his presence, and offers to teach him the -customary salutation for a consideration. This proposal Güegüence -accepts, but chooses to misunderstand the considerations suggested -by the Alguacil, and replies in a series of quid-pro-quos and gibes. -At last, he produces some money, which, however, he will not pay -over until the Alguacil gives the promised instruction. The Alguacil -recites the formal salutations, which Güegüence pretends to -misunderstand, and repeats, instead, some phrases of similar sound, -which are discourteous to the Governor. For this the Alguacil -threatens to whip him, and on Güegüence continuing in his taunts, -gives him two blows, and recommences his lesson. - -[Sidenote: p. 30.] - -[Sidenote: p. 32.] - -At this juncture the Governor appears, answers Güegüence's salute, -and asks him why he has entered the province without a permit. At -first Güegüence answers by relating how he had traveled without a -permit in other provinces. Finding this does not meet the case, he -seeks to turn the inquiry by a dubious story how a girl once gave -him a permit for something besides traveling. The Governor, not -choosing to be put off with this, Güegüence proposes they shall be -friends, and that the Governor shall have some of the immense riches -and beautiful clothing which Güegüence possesses. The Governor -expresses some doubt as to this wealth, and proposes to examine, -apart, Güegüence's oldest son, Don Forcico. - -[Sidenote: p. 34.] - -He does so; and Don Forcico corroborates, in the most emphatic -terms, the statements of his father: "the day and the night are too -short to name all his possessions." - -[Sidenote: p. 36.] - -[Sidenote: p. 38.] - -The Governor remains, however, uncertain about the truth, and -requests a similar private talk with Güegüence's younger son, Don -Ambrosio. The latter tells a very different story, asserting that -all his father's boasts were lies, and that he is, in fact, a poor, -old, thieving ragamuffin. Güegüence, who overhears him, rails at him -as a disgrace to the family; and Don Forcico assures the Governor, -in very clear terms, that Don Ambrosio has none of Güegüence's blood -in his veins. - -[Sidenote: p. 40.] - -[Sidenote: p. 42.] - -To settle the question, Güegüence proposes to show the Governor the -contents of his tent-shop, and has the two boys bring it forward and -raise the sides. He then offers the Governor several impossible -things, as a star, which is seen through the tent, and an old -syringe, which he suggests might be profitably applied to the Royal -Council. As the Governor replies roughly, Geügüence at once changes -the subject to a laudation of the remarkable skill of Don Forcico in -many vocations. The Governor is interested and proposes to inquire -of Don Forcico himself as to the truth of this. The latter repeats -the boasts, and on the Governor inquiring as to whether he knows -some diverting dances, with his father and his brother, he dances a -ballet. - -[Sidenote: p. 46.] - -[Sidenote: p. 48.] - -The Governor wishes to see another ballet, which the three perform, -also; and this is followed by two others, in which the Governor and -Alguacil also take part. - -[Sidenote: p. 50.] - -[Sidenote: p. 52.] - -[Sidenote: p. 54.] - -[Sidenote: p. 56.] - -[Sidenote: p. 58.] - -[Sidenote: p. 60.] - -[Sidenote: p. 62.] - -Following these the Governor asks for the masquerade of the -_macho-raton_, or the mules. They are led in by Don Forcico, and -march around the stage. Güegüence avails himself of this auspicious -moment to ask for the hand of the Lady Suche-Malinche, the -Governor's daughter. The Governor sends the Alguacil for the Chief -Secretary, who returns with Suche-Malinche and other young women. -The Secretary describes what an elegant costume is expected of the -son-in-law of the Governor, and the latter suggests that Güegüence -has cast his eyes too high. The old man explains that it was not for -himself, but for Don Forcico, that the request was made, and -pretends to feel quite badly about the marriage. He, nevertheless, -brings up the young women, one by one, who are rejected by Don -Forcico, with very uncomplimentary remarks, until Suche-Malinche -comes forward, who pleases him, and with whom he is married. The -Governor then suggests that Güegüence treat the Council with some -Spanish wine. This the old man does not find it convenient to -understand, and when he can no longer escape, and is at a loss where -to obtain the liquor, is relieved by Don Forcico, who has secured -it in a questionable manner. - -[Sidenote: p. 64.] - -[Sidenote: p. 66.] - -[Sidenote: p. 68.] - -The mules, that is, the masqueraders who represent them, are then -brought up, and as Güegüence examines first one and then another, -they give him opportunity for a series of extremely broad jokes and -vulgar allusions. - -Finally, the loads are placed on the mules, the boys mount them and -move off, while Güegüence, having offered his wine to the Governor, -the Secretary, the Registrar and the Alguacil, who each in turn tell -him to be off, leaves the stage shouting to his sons that they will -all have a rouse that will cost them nothing. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] E. G. Squier, _The States of Central America_, p. 317 (London, -1858). - -[2] The conquest of Nicaragua is described by Oviedo, _Historia -General de las Indias_, Lib. XXIX, cap. XXI, and Herrera, _Decadas -de Indias_, Dec. III, Lib. IV, and see Dec. IV, Lib. VIII, cap. X. - -[3] "_Nicaragua_ es lo mismo que _Nica anahuac_, aqui estan los -Mexicanos ò Anahuacos." Fray Francisco Vasquez, _Cronica de la -Provincia de Guatemala_, Parte II, Lib. V, cap. I (Guatemala, 1716). -The form _Nicarao_, adopted by Dr. Berendt, is certainly corrupt, as -the termination of a proper name in _ao_ is not found in correct -Nahuatl. Squier's term _Niquirans_ was adopted by him from a -misreading of Oviedo, and has no authority whatever; so, also, his -attempted discrimination between Chorotegans and Cholotecans, as -both these are forms of the same word. - -[4] "The hypothesis of a migration from Nicaragua and Cuscatlan to -Anahuac is altogether more consonant with probabilities, and with -traditions, than that which derives the Mexicans from the -north."--E. G. Squier. _Notes on Central America_, p. 349. It is -difficult to understand how Mr. Squier could make this statement in -the face of the words of Herrera and so many other writers. - -[5] "La Gente de esta tierra decia, que havia descendido de la -Mexicana; su Trage, i Lengua, era casi, como el de Mexico."--Herrera, -Decada III, Lib. V, Cap. XII. "Dicèn, que huvo en los tiempos -antiguos, en Nueva España una gran Seca, por lo qúal se fueron por -aquella Mar Austral à poblar à Nicaragua."--Id. Dec. III, Lib. IV, -cap. VII. Torquemada, specifically quoting the traditions obtained -from the oldest natives, states that the Nicaraguans came from -Anahuac at no remote epoch.--_Monarquia Indiana_, Lib. III, cap. XL. -See, also, Gomara, _Hist. de las Indias_, cap. 206. - -[6] Prof. Buschmann, who obtained these names in a garbled form from -Ternaux-Compans' translation of Oviedo, gave them up as insoluble, -while recognizing their value as indicating the wanderings of the -Nicaraguans. "Unglücklicherweise," he says, "sind jene zwei Namen -von so ungünstigem Gehalte, das ich nichts aus ihnen hervorlocken -kann."--_Ueber die Aztekischen Ortsnamen_, p. 768 (Berlin, 1852). - -[7] The careless statement of the historian Herrera, that it was -only the Chorotegans who had such books, can be corrected from his -own volumes, and also from the explicit words of Oviedo and Gomara. -Compare Herrera, Dec. III, Lib. IV, cap. VII, with Oviedo, _Hist. de -las Indias_, Lib. XLII, cap. I, and Gomara, _Hist. de las Indias_, -cap. 202. - -[8] The word _mánkeme_ is a derivative from _[chi]imá_, the head, -whence the Chapanec _d[chi]ämä_, the ruler or head man, and -_mand[chi]ämä_, master, chief, in which word _ma_ is a possessive -prefix, and _n_ a particle, sometimes relative, sometimes euphonic, -of exceedingly frequent use in this tongue. It may be compared to -the Nahuatl _in_. - -[9] This latter, or a portion of them, inhabiting a hilly country -south of Masaya, were called _Dirians_, from the Mangue word -_diri_=, a hill, a name which has improperly been extended to the -whole tribe. - -[10] The "compulsive" form of the verb _choloa_, to run away, is -_chololtia_, to cause to run away, to drive out. No doubt the name -of Cholula (Cholollan) in Mexico is of the same derivation, but it -arose from a different, though similar, historical event. - -[11] Torquemada appears to have been the first to make this guess; -and it has recently been advocated by Dr. Valentini, _The Olmecas -and the Tultecas_, p. 20 (Worcester, 1883), and was also sanctioned -by Dr. Berendt. - -[12] In a note to his translation of Oviedo's _Nicaragua_. - -[13] The proper spelling is "Chapanec." It is not an Aztec word, but -from the Mangue tongue, in which _Chapa_ means the ara, or red -macaw, their sacred bird. The name was derived from that of the -lofty peak on which their principal town in Chiapas was -situated--_chapa niiu_, the ara of fire. - -[14] In Mr. Bancroft's _Native Races of the Pacific States_, Vol. V, -p. 659. - -[15] The contrary of this has been very positively stated by Dr. -Valentini (_ubi supra_). The only evidence he brings forward is the -word _calachuni_, for chieftain, applied by Gil Gonzalez to one of -the rulers in Nicaragua. This is, no doubt, the Maya _halach uinic_, -holy man, but Gonzalez wrote in 1522, and this word was adopted by -the Spaniards in 1518, during Grijalva's expedition to Yucatan, as -the accounts show, and was promiscuously applied, just as _cacique_, -_canoe_, etc., from the Haytian dialect. A careful analysis of all -the native words in Oviedo's account of Nicaragua does not show a -single Maya affinity. - -[16] The chief asked Gonzalez if, at the end of the world, the earth -would be overturned, or would the sky fall? How large are the stars, -why they move, and what keeps them in their courses? When, and how -do the sun and moon change their brightness? Why is the night dark -and the winter cold, since light and warmth are so much better? -(Herrera, Decad. III, Lib. IV, cap. V.) - -[17] The leading authorities on the antiquities of Nicaragua are E. -G. Squier, _Nicaragua, Its People, Scenery and Monuments_, together -with his numerous other works pertaining to Central America; and the -reports of Dr. Earl Flint and Dr. J. F. Bransford, to the -Smithsonian Institution. Dr. Habel and Dr. Berendt also made -numerous investigations, but their reports have not appeared in -adequate detail. - -[18] See his essay, _Remarks on the Centres of Ancient American -Civilization in Central America, and their Geographical -Distribution, in the Bulletin of the American Geog. Soc. No. 2, -1876._ - -[19] _Historia General de las Indias_, Lib. XLII, cap. V. - -[20] The older writers have left scant information about these -idioms. Oviedo preserved thirty or forty Nahuatl words, most of -which have been analyzed by Buschman; and Benzoni, in a brief -passage, notes the identity of the Nicaraguan and Mexican. "Chiamano -li Signori Tutruane, il pane tascal, and le galline totoli, and -occomaia tanto vuol dire como aspetta un poco e al infirmita -mococoua and al ballare mitote." _La Historia del Mondo Nuovo_, p. -103. It is said that a _Doctrina_ was printed in the Mangue; but the -only work on that tongue I know of is the _Apuntamientos de la -Lengua Mangue_, by Don Juan Eligio de la Rocha (MS. Masaya, 1842) a -fragment of which is in my possession. - -Dr. S. Habel, who visited Nicaragua in 1865, in spite of the -greatest efforts, was unable to find a single person speaking -Nahuatl; they told him it was all forgotten.--_Archæological and -Ethnological Investigations in Central and South America_, p. 24 -(Washington, 1878). - -[21] The superior position of the Nahuatl among the Nicaraguan -languages was noted by Benzoni, in his visit to that country, as -early as about 1550. He observes: "Parlano in Nicaragua quatro -lenguaggi, pero la meglio è la Messicana, laquale si stende piu di -mille e cinquecento miglia di paese and è la piu facile da -imparare."--_Istoria del Nuovo Mondo_, p. 103 (Venetia, 1565). - -[22] "Una mezcla de Castellano y Mexicano, que ni en uno ni en otro -idioma se entiende."--_Compendio del Arte de la Lengua Mexicana_, -pp. 93, 202. - -[23] Speaking of the natives of Nicaragua and Honduras, Father -Francisco Vasquez says: "Muchos de aquellos Indios por la -comunicacion que tienen con gente ladina de las estancias vecinas -alcanzan mucho de la lengua Castellana."--_Historia de la Provincia -de Guatemala._ Parte II, Lib. V, Trat. I, Cap. 1 (Guatemala, 1716). - -[24] This verse is from a song by Dr. Gollena, a highly appreciated -poet of Guatemala, who has written, but I believe never published, -some poems in the Nicaraguan dialect. - -[25] Oviedo, _Historia General de las Indias_, Lib. XLII, cap. XI. -Precisely this baile, or one altogether like it, is described by -Diego Duran as common in Mexico in his day (about 1580). He writes: -"Tambien usaban bailar al rededor de un volador alto vistiendose -como pájaros y otras veces como monas volaban de lo alto de el -dejandose venir por unas cuerdas que en la punta de este palo estan -arolladas, desliándose poco à poco por un bastidor que tiene -arriba," etc.--_Historia de las Indias de Nueva España._ Tomo II, p. -232 (Mexico, 1880). - -[26] _Historia del Nuovo Mondo_, fol. 103 (Venetia, 1565). Benzoni -gives a wood cut exhibiting the dances, but it is not instructive. -Another traveler, François Coreal, claimed to have visited Nicaragua -about 1680, and also describes the native dances, but in words so -similar to Benzoni that it is an evident plagiarism.--_Relation des -Voyages de François Coreal aux Indes Occidentales_, Tome I, p. 88 -(Amsterdam, 1722). - -[27] Thomas Gage, _A New Survey of the West Indies_, p. 234 (4th Ed. -London, 1699). - -[28] Letter to the London _Athæneum_, 1856, p. 1537. Oviedo also -states that the songs sung at certain _bailes_ were of an historical -character, intended to recall the important incidents in personal -and tribal history, "que les quedan en lugar de historia é memoria -de las cosas pasadas."--_Historia General de las Indias_, Lib. XLII, -cap. XI. - -[29] "Hay santos à quienes se hace el voto, en caso de enfermedad ú -de desgracia de ir á _bailar_ ante su imagen, en tal pueblo, el dia -de su fiesta, cuando le sacan procesionalmente."--Pablo Levy, _Notas -Geograficas y Económicas sobre la Republica de Nicaragua_, p. 281 -(Paris, 1873). - -[30] "Welligt blijkt de geesteloosheid dezer menschen nit niets zoo -zeer als uit hunne dansen, een vermaak, hetwelk trouwens vrij -zeldzaam onder hen is. Bij het eentoonige geluid van een paar -fluiten, en het kloppen op een hol blok hout, draaijen mannen en -vrouwen afzonderlijk, langzaam en bedaard, in alle rigtingen herom, -en schijnen veeleer diepe treurigheid dan vreugde aan den dag te -leggen."--J. Haefkens, _Centraal Amerika_, p. 407 (Dordrecht, 1832). - -[31] Such dances are the "bailes usados en el populacho, y que estan -muy lejos de brillar por su desencia," referred to by Don Pablo -Levy, _Notas_, etc., _sobre Nicaragua_, p. 294. - -[32] The word _Loga_ is, I have no doubt, a corruption of the -Spanish _loa_. The _loas_ in Spain were at first rhymed prologues to -the plays, but later took a more dramatic form and "differed little -from the farces that followed them." See George Ticknor, _History of -Spanish Literature_, vol. ii, pp. 527-529 (5th edition). - -[33] "_Mosote._ Un casco ô gorra de cabuya teñida negra, con cola à -trensa, usada en el baile de los _Chinegritos_."--Berendt, MSS. - -[34] "_Guaca._ Montecillo de sepultura de los inhabitantes antiguos. -Cueva; madriguera de animales. Hoyo subteraneo para madurar ô -guardar frutas y verduras."--Berendt, MSS. - -[35] _Nicaragua, Its People, Scenery and Monuments_, Vol. I, p. 340. - -[36] _Narrative of Incidents on a Journey in Mexico, Guatemala and -San Salvador_, pp. 384-6 (London, 1858). The Smithsonian Institution -contains a good specimen of the Marimba. - -[37] Arthur Morelet, _Voyage dans l'Amerique Centrale_, Tome II, pp. -42, 43 (Paris, 1857). - -[38] _Archæological Researches in Nicaragua_, p. 75 (Washington, -1881). - -[39] The most satisfactory discussion of native music is that by -Theodore Baker, _Ueber die Musik der Nord Amerikanischen Wilden_ -(Leipzig, 1882). Mr. Edwin A. Barber has also contributed some -valuable articles on the subject. - -[40] _The American Naturalist_, February, 1883. - -[41] _Voyage dans l'Amerique Centrale_, Tom. II, p. 44. - -[42] So little is understood about the system of the _cofradias_, -and the point is one of so much importance in the study of the -organization of Spanish ecclesiasticism in America, that it is worth -while to explain it. They are created by the priest of a parish, in -such number as he sees fit, and each bears the name of a saint or -religious occurrence. Each should have, of male members, a major -domo, a steward (_prioste_), and four or more appointees -(_diputados_). They attend the priest, serve in the church, aid in -the offices of religion, have a monthly mass, act as choristers, -etc., at fixed periods. Of female members there should be the -patroness (_patrona_ or _capitana_), and the _alguazila mayor_, each -of whom should have two special attendants, and there should be -other members. Their duties are to sweep the church, deck it with -flowers when necessary, and aid the male members in their duty. Each -_cofradia_ should have its strong box and financial resources, -independently, and the major domo is expected to keep a book -accounting for the funds. I have in my possession such a volume, in -the Chapanec language, the _Libro de Cuentas de la Cofradia del -Rosario_, 1796. - -From ten to fifty cofradias were formerly attached to one church, -but the modern curas complain that they can no longer be kept up. -"Es verdad," exclaims the worthy presbyter Navarro, "que los Sres. -Curas, mis antecessores, y yo, hemos procurado organizarlas de -nuevo, pero es moralmente impossible."--_Memoria de la Parroquia de -Villa Nueva_, p. 18. (Guatemala, 1868). - -[43] See, for example, the _Rabinal-Achi, ou le Drame-Ballet du -Tun_, in Kiche, published by the Abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg, and the -translation of the song of the Uluas of Nicaragua given by Pablo -Levy.--_Notas sobre la Republica de Nicaragua_, p. 307 (Paris, -1873). - -[44] "Il y en a qui font les sourds, d'autres les aveugles. -Ils rient, ils crient, et font en un mot toute sorte de -singeries."--_Voyages de François Coreal aux Indes Occidentales -depuis 1666 jusqu'en 1697._ Tom. I, p. 88 (Amsterdam, 1722). -Borrowed, probably, from Benzoni, who says the same. - -[45] "Habia un baile y canto de truhanes en el cual introducian un -bobo que fingia entender al reves lo que su amo le mandaba, -trastocandole las palabras."--P. F. Diego Duran, _Historia de las -Indias de la Nueva España_, Tomo II, p. 231 (Mexico, 1880). - -[46] As Mr. George Ticknor very pointedly says, in speaking of the -Spanish drama:--"Above all, it was necessary that it should be -Spanish; and therefore, though its subject be Greek or Roman, -Oriental or mythological, the characters represented were always -Castilian, and Castilian after the fashion of the seventeenth -century,--governed by Castilian notions of gallantry, and the -Castilian point of honor."--_History of Spanish Literature_, vol II, -p. 539 (5th edition). - -[47] Speaking of the comedy, he says:--"Ihr wahrer allgemeiner -Nutzen liegt in dem Lachen selbst, in der Uebung unserer -Fähigkeit das Lächerliche zu bemerken; es unter allen Bemäntelungen -der Leidenschaft und der Mode, es in allen Vermischungen -mit noch schlimmern oder mit guten Eigenschaften, sogar in den -Runzeln des feierlichen Ernstes, leicht und geschwind zu -bemerken."--_Hamburgische Dramaturgie_, 29 Stück. - -[48] _Tlatoani_ means, literally, "the speaker," from _tlatoa_, to -speak, to ask, but it is translated by the Spanish lexicographers -"gran señor." The chiefs were probably so called, from their right -of speech in the assemblies. Benzoni gives something like this as -the title of the Nicaraguan chiefs. "Chiamano li Signori Tutruane," -which I suspect is a misprint for _Tattruani_.--_Istoria del Mondo -Nuovo_, p. 103 (Venetia, 1565). - -[49] Icazbalceta's discussion of the name may be found in his notes -to the _Diálogos de Francisco Cervantes Salazar_, p. 181 (Mexico, -1875). Malinalli is the twelfth day of the Mexican month. According -to Duran, the word means underbrush (_matorral_), and the prognostic -was, that those born on that day should have an annual attack of -sickness, like this underbrush, which dries up, or loses its leaves -yearly.--_Historia de la Nueva España_, Tomo II, p. 261 (Mexico, -1880). - -[50] See the rare work of Fray Joan Baptista (often spelled -Bautista). _Advertencias para los Confessores de los Naturales_, -vols. 107, 108 (Mexico, en el Convento de Sanctiago Tlatilulco, año -1600). - - - - -THE GÜEGÜENCE. - -A COMEDY BALLET -IN THE -NAHUATL-SPANISH DIALECT OF NICARAGUA. - - - - -BAILE DEL GÜEGÜENCE - -ó - -MACHO-RATON. - - -PERSONAS. - -EL GOBERNADOR TASTUANES. -EL ALGUACIL MAYOR. -EL GÜEGÜENCE. -DON FORCICO. -DON AMBROSIO. -DOÑA SUCHI-MALINCHE. -EL ESCRIBANO REAL. -EL REGIDOR DE CANA. - - - - -THE -BALLET OF THE GÜEGÜENCE; - -OR, - -THE MACHO-RATON. - - -DRAMATIS PERSONÆ. - -THE GOVERNOR TASTUANES. -THE CHIEF ALGUACIL. -THE GÜEGÜENCE. -DON FORCICO, HIS ELDER SON. -DON AMBROSIO, HIS YOUNGER SON. -THE LADY SUCHI-MALINCHE. -THE ROYAL SECRETARY. -THE REGISTRAR. - -6 - - - - -BAILE DEL GÜEGÜENCE. - - - Se da principio bailando, y habla el - -_Alguacil._ - -Matateco Dio mispiales, Señor Gobernador Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Matateco Dio miscuales quilis no pilse Capitan Alguacil Mayor ya -tiguala neme? - -_Alguacil._ - -Mascamayagua Sor. Gob^r Tastuanes. - - Dan vuelta bailando y habla el - -_Alguacil._ - -Matateco Dio mispiales, Señor Gobernador Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Matateco Dio miscuales quilis no pilce Capitan Alguacil Mayor: no -pilces simocague campamento Señores principales, sones, mudanzas, -velancicos necana y paltechua linar mo Cabildo Real. En primer lugar -tecetales seno mesa de oro, seno carpeta de bordado, seno tintero de -oro, seno pluma de oro, seno salvadera de oro, y no mas hemo papel -blanco y paltechua sentar mo Cabildo Real. - - Dan vuelta bailando y habla el - -_Alguacil._ - -Matateco Dio mispiales, Señor Gobernador Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Matateco Dio miscuales quilis no pilces Capitan Alguacil Mayor. - -7 - - - - -THE COMEDY-BALLET OF GÜEGÜENCE. - - - (The Alguacil and Governor enter, dancing.) - -_Alg._ I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ I pray God to prosper you, my son, Captain Chief Alguacil; -are you well? - -_Alg._ At your service, Governor Tastuanes. - - (They dance around the stage.) - -_Alg._ I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ I pray God to prosper you, my son, Captain Chief Alguacil: my -son, suspend in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances, -songs, ballets, and such pleasant matters of amusement to the Royal -Court. It is a great shame that we have no golden table, no -embroidered table-cloth, no golden inkstand, no pen of gold, no -golden sand-box, not even white paper, and such like suitable -things, for a session of the Royal Court. - - (They dance around the stage.) - -_Alg._ I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ I pray God to prosper you, my son, Captain Chief Alguacil. - -8 - -_Alguacil._ - -Ya lichua linar mo Cabildo Real. En primer lugar tecetales seno mesa -de oro, seno carpeta de bordado, seno tintero de oro, seno pluma de -oro, seno salvadera de oro, no mas hemo papel blanco y paltechua -sentar mo Cabildo Real. - -_Gobernador._ - -No pilces Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocagüe campamento Sres. principales -sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechua seno la ronda -quinquimagua licencia galagua no provincia real. - -_Alguacil._ - -Mascamayagua Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. Matateco Dio mispiales Srs. -principales sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechua seno la -ronda del Señor Gobernador Tastuanes. - - Aqui se toca la ronda, dan vuelta bailando y habla el - -_Alguacil._ - -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, ya nemo niqui nistipampa, ya nemo niqui -samo la ronda, son rastros y pedazos de cinchones rompidos de -corage, sombrero de Castor rompido de corage, no mas hemo mantera de -revoso, no mas hemo capotin colorado á sones panegua sesule -Güegüence, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -No pilces Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} asamatimaguas consentidor, afrentador, -ticino mo Cabildo Real. - -_Alguacil._ - -Acaso no me de consentidor ticino mo Cabildo Real. - -9 - -_Alg._ Something to amuse the Royal Court. It is a great shame that -we have no golden table, no embroidered table-cloth, no golden -inkstand, no pen of gold, no golden sand-box, not even white paper, -and such like suitable things, for a session of the Royal Court. - -_Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of -the leading men the music, dances, songs, ballets, and such matters, -unless the patrol gives a permit to enter my royal province [for -that purpose]. - -_Alg._ Yours to command, Governor Tastuanes. I pray God to protect -you. The leading men [shall give no] music, dances, songs, ballets, -and such things, without [the permission of] the patrol of Governor -Tastuanes. - - (The patrol is sounded and they dance.) - -_Alg._ Governor Tastuanes, I am here, as is proper, but the patrol -is not; their girdles are in rags and tatters, and their hats -smashed in from their frays, and we have not a single saddle cloth -or red cloak better, perhaps, than that good-for-nothing Güegüence, -Governor Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, you must bring that pimp, -that impudent fellow, that charlatan, before the Royal Court. - -_Alg._ Perhaps that pimp and charlatan won't come with me to the -Royal Court. - -10 - -_Gobernador._ - -No pilces Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocagüe campamento Sres. principales -sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechúa sesule Güegüence, ó -de la cola, ó de las piernas, ó de las narices, ó de onde Dios te -ayudare, Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}. - -_Alguacil._ - -Mascamayagua, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, sones, mudanzas, velancicos -necana. - -_Güegüence._ - -¡Ha muchachos, güil ternero, (ó) güil potro para quichuas rebiatar -de la cola, ó de las piernas, ó de las narices? - -_D. Ambrosio._ - -Asi lo mereces, Güegüence embustero. - -_Güegüence._ - -¿Me hablas, Don Forcico? - -_D. Forcico._ - -No, tatita, seran los oidos que le chillan. - -_Güegüence._ - -¿Me hablas, Don Ambrosio? - -_D. Ambrosio._ - -¿Quien te ha de hablar, Güegüence embustero? - -_Güegüence._ - -Como no, mala casta, saca fiestas sin vigilias en los dias de -trabajos. Ora quien vá, quien quiere saber de mi nombre? - -_Alguacil._ - -Un criado del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -11 - -_Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of -the leading men the music, dances, songs, ballets, and such things, -[and bring] that good-for-nothing Güegüence, either by the tail, or -the legs, or the nose, or by whatever God will help you [to bring -him], Captain Chief Alguacil. - -_Alg._ At your service, Governor Tastuanes, the music, dances, -songs, ballets [will be suspended]. - -_Güegüence._ Ho, boys! is it a calf or is it a colt that is to be -tied behind by the tail, or the legs, or the nose? - -_Don Ambrosio._ That's what you deserve, Güegüence, you old humbug. - -_Güe._ Do you speak to me, Don Forcico? - -_Don Forcico._ No, little papa, perhaps it's your ears that are -buzzing. - -_Güe._ Do you speak to me, Don Ambrosio? - -_Don Am._ Who would speak to you, Güegüence, you old humbug? - -_Güe._ Why not, you bad breed, you lazy loafer on working days? Who -is it now who wants to know my name? - -_Alg._ A servant of the Governor Tastuanes. - -12 - -_Güegüence._ - -Como que criada, güil chocolatera, ó güil lavandera, ó componedera -de la ropa del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes? - -_Alguacil._ - -Chocolatera ó lavandera no; criado del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues que criada, güil cocinera ó güil componedora del plato del Sor. -Gob^{or} Tastuanes? - -_Alguacil._ - -Asuyungua me negua, no me cele componedora del plato, Capitan -Alguacil Mayor del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Güegüence._ - -Ha! Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes: O amigo Cap^n -Alg^l M^{or} del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, asa campamento insigna -vara? - -_Alguacil._ - -Asa neganeme, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Asetato, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}. - -_Alguacil._ - -Asetato, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, y que dice el Sor. Gobernador Tastuanes? - -_Alguacil._ - -Que vayas corriendo y volando, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Corriendo y volando? Como quiere que corra y vuela un pobre viejo, -lleno de dolores y continuas calamidades? - -13 - -_Güe._ What sort of a servant-girl is it, the chocolate maker, the -washwoman, or the clothes patcher of the Governor Tastuanes? - -_Alg._ Neither waiter-girl nor washwoman; a servant of the Governor -Tastuanes. - -_Güe._ Then which servant-girl, cook or grub-fixer of the Governor -Tastuanes? - -_Alg._ Let me disclose myself; I have nothing to do with the -grub-fixer; I am the Captain Chief Alguacil of the Governor -Tastuanes. - -_Güe._ Ha! Captain Chief Alguacil of the Governor Tastuanes! O -friend Captain Chief Alguacil of the Governor Tastuanes, your -official staff is perhaps at your quarters? - -_Alg._ Perhaps I may offer you one, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Take a seat, friend Captain Chief Alguacil. - -_Alg._ Take a seat, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, and what has Governor -Tastuanes to say? - -_Alg._ That you go to him a-running and a-flying, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ A-running and a-flying? How does he expect a poor old man, -full of pains and aches, to run and - -14 - -Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} y un silguero que está en la portada del -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, que es lo que hace? - -_Alguacil._ - -Cantando y alegrando á los Señores grandes. - -_Güegüence._ - -Ese es mi consuelo y mi divertimiento. Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} con -que corriendo y volando? - -_Alguacil._ - -Corriendo y volando, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -¡Ha, muchachos! me hablan? - -_D. Ambrosio._ - -Quien te ha de hablar, Güegüence embustero? - -_Güegüence._ - -¿Me hablas, Don Forcico? - -_D. Forcico._ - -No, tatita, seran los oidos que le chillan. - -_Güegüence._ - -Ese será, muchachos. Pues ten cuenta con la bodega, que voi á ver si -puedo volar. - -_Alguacil._ - -Ha, Güegüence, con que modo y con que cortecilla te calas, qui -provincia real del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes? - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues, y como, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}? - -_Alguacil._ - -Primero ha de ser un velancico, y paltechúa consolar el Cabildo Real -del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -15 - -fly? Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, and a linnet that reaches the -door of Governor Tastuanes, what does it do there? - -_Alg._ It sings and amuses the grandees there. - -_Güe._ That is my consolation and delight. Friend Captain Chief -Alguacil, how about this running and flying? - -_Alg._ A-running and a-flying, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Ho, boys! do you speak to me? - -_Don. Am._ Who wants to speak to you, Güegüence, old humbug? - -_Güe._ Do you speak to me, Don Forcico? - -_Don For._ No, little papa, perhaps it's your ears that are buzzing. - -_Güe._ That may be, boys. Well, then, look after the shop, and I -will go and see if I can fly. - -_Alg._ Ho, Güegüence! in what style, and with what etiquette, are -you going to enter the royal presence of the Governor Tastuanes? - -_Güe._ Well, now, how should I, friend Captain Chief Alguacil? - -_Alg._ First, there should be a song, and such like, to amuse the -Royal Court of the Governor Tastuanes. - -16 - -_Güegüence._ - -Velancico, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, pues simocagüe campamento Sres -principales sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechua consolar -mo Cabildo Real del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Alguacil._ - -Mascamayagua Güegüence. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres. principales -sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechua sesule Güegüence. - - Dan vuelta los dos bailando y habla el. - -_Alguacil._ - -Ha, Güegüence, ya estamos en el paraje. - -_Güegüence._ - -Ya estamos con coraje. - -_Alguacil._ - -En el paraje. - -_Güegüence._ - -En el obraje. - -_Alguacil._ - -En el paraje. - -_Güegüence._ - -En el paraje. Pues, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, no me enseñará con que -modo y con que cortecilla he de entrar y salir ante la presencia -real del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes? - -_Alguacil._ - -Si, te enseñaré, pero no de balde; primero ha de ser mi salario. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pescados salados? Ha, muchachos! Ahí estan las redes de pescados -salados? - -17 - -_Güe._ A song, friend Captain Chief Alguacil; then suspend in the -quarters of the leading men the music, dances, songs, ballets, and -such things, to amuse the Royal Court of the Governor Tastuanes. - -_Alg._ At your service, Güegüence. I pray God to protect the leading -men [and they will suspend] the music, dances, songs, ballets, and -such like, for this good-for-nothing Güegüence. - - (They dance around the stage.) - -_Alg._ Ha, Güegüence! here we are at the place. - -_Güe._ Here we are, with heart of grace. - -_Alg._ At the place. - -_Güe._ To work apace. - -_Alg._ At the place. - -_Güe._ At the place. Now, friend Captain Chief Alguacil, won't you -teach me with what style, and with what etiquette, I ought to go in -and come out of the royal presence of the Governor Tastuanes? - -_Alg._ Yes, I'll teach you; but not for nothing. First, I want my -salary. - -_Güe._ Salted fish? Ho, boys! are the nets of salted fish here? - -18 - -_D. Forcico._ - -Ahi estan, tatita. - -_D. Ambrosio._ - -Que redes de pescados salados has de tener, Güegüence, embustero? - -_Güegüence._ - -Como no! mala casta, ojos de sapo muerto! Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, -ya estamos desaviados de los pescados salados. - -_Alguacil._ - -Acaso no me cele de pescados salados, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues, y como, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}? - -_Alguacil._ - -Reales de plata, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Ha! redes de platos. A! muchachos, ahí estan las redes de platos? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Ahi estan, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, ya estamos aviados de platos. Y como -de que platos quiere? de la china, ó de barro? - -_Alguacil._ - -Ayugama, no me cele de platos, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues, y como, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}? - -_Alguacil._ - -Pesos duros, Güegüence. - -19 - -_Don For._ Here they are, little papa. - -_Don Amb._ What nets of salted fish do you pretend to have, -Güegüence, you old humbug? - -_Güe._ Why not, you bad breed, you evil-eyed brat? Friend Captain -Chief Alguacil, we are just now out of salted fish. - -_Alg._ Perhaps I don't care for salted fish, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Well, what then, Captain Chief Alguacil? - -_Alg._ Pieces of eight, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Ha! dishes and plates. Ho, boys! have we some dishes and -plates? - -_Don For._ Here they are, little papa. - -_Güe._ Well, then, Captain Chief Alguacil, we are supplied with -plates. What kind of plates do you want, china plates or earthen -plates? - -_Alg._ Neither one nor the other. I don't care for plates, -Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Well, what then, Captain Chief Alguacil? - -_Alg._ Hard pieces, Güegüence. - -20 - -_Güegüence._ - -Ha! Quesos duros de aquellos grandotes. A, muchachos, ahi estan los -quesos duros que trajimos de sobornal? - -_D. Forcico._ - -No, tatita; se los comió mi hermanito, Don Ambrosio. - -_D. Ambrosio._ - -Que quesos duros has de tener, Güegüence, embustero? - -_Güegüence._ - -Como no, mala casta, despues que te los has comido. Amigo Cap^n -Alg^l M^{or}, ya estamos desaviados de los quesos duros, porque ahi -traigo un muchacho tan ganzo, que no me deja nada. - -_Alguacil._ - -Acaso no me cele de quesos duros, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues, y como, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}? - -_Alguacil._ - -Doblones de oro y de plata, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Ha! dobles. A! muchachos, sabes doblar? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Si, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues dobla, muchachos, Dios persogue á mi amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, -que ahora endenantes estuvimos tratando y contratando con el, y ya -se lo llevó una bola de fuego á mi amigo. - -_Alguacil._ - -Para tu cuerpo, Güegüence. Acaso no me cele de dobles. - -21 - -_Güe._ Ha! hard cheeses; those big ones. Ho, boys! have we those -hard cheeses which we brought along as extras? - -_Don For._ No, little papa, my little brother, Don Ambrosio, ate -them up. - -_Don Am._ What hard cheeses do you pretend to have, Güegüence, you -old humbug? - -_Güe._ Why not, you bad breed, since you ate them up? Friend Captain -Chief Alguacil, we are just now out of hard cheeses, because I have -a boy here who is such a hog that he leaves me nothing. - -_Alg._ Perhaps I don't care for hard cheeses, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Well, what then, Captain Chief Alguacil? - -_Alg._ I want toll of gold and silver, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Ha! toll. Ho, boys! do you know how to toll? - -_Don For._ Yes, little papa. - -_Güe._ Well, then, toll away, boys, for God has got after my friend -the Captain Chief Alguacil, with whom we were talking and bargaining -a moment ago, and has carried off my friend in a ball of fire. - -_Alg._ May it burn your body, Güegüence. Perhaps I don't care for -tolling. - -22 - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues, y como, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}? - -_Alguacil._ - -Doblones de oro y de plata, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Doblones de oro y de plata! Pues hableme recio, que como soi viejo y -sordo, no oigo lo que me dicen; y por esas tierras adentro no se -entiende de redes de platos, ni de pescados salados, ni de quesos -duros, ni de dobles, sino onzas de oro y moneda de plata. Y, vamos, -¿cuanto quiere? - -_Alguacil._ - -Todo lo que hubiere en la bodega, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -¿Todo, todo?--¿No me dejas nada? - -_Alguacil._ - -Nada, nada, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Ni batuchito? - -_Alguacil._ - -Ni batuchito, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Ya lo ven, muchachos, lo que hemos trabajado para otro hambriento. - -_D. Forcico._ - -Así es, tatita. - -_D. Ambrosio._ - -Así lo mereces, Güegüence, embustero. - -_Güegüence._ - -Arra ya, mala casta, comeras tus uñas. - -23 - -_Güe._ Well, what then, friend Captain Chief Alguacil? - -_Alg._ Doubloons of gold and silver. - -_Güe._ Doubloons of gold and silver! Then speak loud, for I am old -and deaf; and in these inland places people know nothing of nets of -plates, and of salted fish, nor about hard cheeses, nor about tolls, -but only about ounces of gold and coins of silver. Well, let us come -to it, how much do you want? - -_Alg._ Everything in the shop, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Everything? Everything? You won't leave me anything? - -_Alg._ Nothing, nothing, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Not so much as an empty box? - -_Alg._ Not even an empty box, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Now, boys, you see how we have worked to feed another hungry -fellow. - -_Don For._ So it is, little papa. - -_Don Am._ So you deserve, Güegüence, you old humbug. - -_Güe._ Get out, you bad breed, you shall eat your finger nails. - -24 - -_D. Ambrosio._ - -Las comeremos, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues, ponga las manos: y las dos manos pone el hambriento, y que -buenas uñas se tiene mi amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, parecen de -perico-ligero! a! una bomba caliente para estas uñas! - -_Alguacil._ - -Para tu cuerpo, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues, tome! Uno, dos, tres, cuatro. Ha! mi plata, muchachos! Cuatro -cientos y tantos pesos le he dado á mi amigo Cap^n Alg^l -M^{or}--Vd., amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, no sabe cual es real, ni cual -es medio. - -_Alguacil._ - -Como no? Si, entiendo de todo, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -La mitad de este medio hacen dos cuartillos; un cuartillo dos -octavos, un octavo dos cuartos, un cuarto dos maravedis, cada -maravedi dos blancos. - -_Alguacil._ - -Pues, échelos todos. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues, enséñeme. - -_Alguacil._ - -Pues, azetagago. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues, maneta congon. - -_Alguacil._ - -Matateco Dio mispiales, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -25 - -_Don Am._ Let us eat them, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Then put out your hands, and let this hungry fellow put out -both his hands; and my! what fine nails has my friend, the Captain -Chief Alguacil! They are like those of a scratching monkey! Ho, -there! a hot shot for these nails! - -_Alg._ May it burn your body, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Well, here then [_shows four coins_]. One, two, three, four. -Ha! my money, boys! Four hundred and some odd dollars I have given -to my friend, the Captain Chief Alguacil. But you, friend Captain -Chief Alguacil, you don't know a real from a half a one. - -_Alg._ Why not? I understand all about them, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ The half of this half real makes two cuartillos; a cuartillo -is two octavos; an octavo is two quartos; a quarto is two maravedis; -and each maravedi is two blancos. - -_Alg._ Well, then, down with them all. - -_Güe._ Well then, teach me. - -_Alg._ Well, then, pay attention. - -_Güe._ Well, then, show me. - -_Alg._ I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. - -26 - -_Güegüence._ - -Matateco Dio cuascuane cuascuane Tastuanes. - -_Alguacil._ - -Matateco Dio mispiales, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Güegüence._ - -Matateco Dio panegüe palegüe Tastuanes. - -_Alguacil._ - -Hace porfiado, Güegüence; Vd. ha menester una docena de cueros. - -_Güegüence._ - -Docena de cueros? Ha, muchachos, nos faltan reatas ó cobijones. Aqui -el amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} nos ofrece una docena de cueros. - -_D. Forcico._ - -Si, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, y como de que cueros, ¿de crudia ó de -gamusa? - -_Alguacil._ - -Mas azetagago, Güegüence. - -Le da dos rejazos. - -_Güegüence._ - -Arra ya, con que bueno, despues de pagado me has azotado; esos no -son cueros, esos son azotes. - -_D. Ambrosio._ - -Así lo mereces, Güegüence, embustero. - -_Alguacil._ - -Matateco Dio mispiales Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, quinimente motales, -quinimente moseguan, Alcaldes ordinarios de la Sta. hermandad, -regidores y notarios y depositarios. - -27 - -_Güe._ I pray God will make you sing, Tastuanes. - -_Alg._ I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. - -_Güe._ I pray God to overcome Tastuanes. - -_Alg._ You are stubborn, Güegüence, you need a dozen hidings. - -_Güe._ Ho, boys! do we need some lines or covers? Our friend here, -the Captain Chief Alguacil, offers us a dozen hides. - -_Don For._ Yes, little papa. - -_Güe._ How about those hides, friend Captain Chief Alguacil, are -they green or dressed? - -_Alg._ Find out more about them, Güegüence. - - (Gives him two blows.) - -_Güe._ Get out! what right have you to beat me when I have paid? -These are not hides, they are blows. - -_Don Am._ So you deserve, Güegüence, you old humbug. - -_Alg._ I pray God to protect the Governor Tastuanes, those who carry -his messages and transact his business, the regular alcaldes of the -Holy Brotherhood, the registrars, - -28 - -Eguan noche mo Cabildo Real del Sor Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Güegüence._ - -Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, si de balde le he dado mi dinero, si estos -son mis lenguajes asonesepa negualigua seno libro de romance, lichúa -rezar escataci, iscala ñonguan iscumbatasi à campaneme Tastuanes? - -_Alguacil._ - -Asaneganeme, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Si cana amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} -- -- -- -- -- - -Matateco Dio mispiales, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Matateco Dio miscuales quilis Güegüence yatiguala neme? - -_Güegüence._ - -Ya nemo niqui nistipampa quinimente moseguan. Alcaldes ordinarios de -la Santa hermandad, regidores y notarios (y) depositarios(.) Eguam -noche mo Cabildo Real del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Pues, Güegüence, quinquimagua licencia te calas qui provincia real? - -_Güegüence._ - -Valgame Dios, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, pues que es menester -licencia? - -_Gobernador._ - -Es menester licencia, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -O valgame Dios, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes! Cuando yo - -29 - -notaries and archivists, [by day] and night, in the Royal Court of -Governor Tastuanes. - -_Güe._ Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, I have given my money for -nothing, if these are to be my words; and shall I not bargain for a -book in Spanish, to read these prayers out of when I come before -Tastuanes? - -_Alg._ Perhaps I may offer you one, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ If anywhere, friend Captain Chief Alguacil--[_The Governor -enters abruptly._] I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ I pray God to prosper you, Güegüence; are you well? - -_Güe._ I am here, as is proper, [and I pray God to protect] those -who transact the business, the regular alcaldes of the Holy -Brotherhood, the registrars, notaries and archivists, [by day] and -night, in the Royal Court of Governor Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ Well, Güegüence, who has given you a permit to enter this -royal province. - -_Güe._ God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, what is it to need a -permit? - -_Gov._ A permit is necessary. - -_Güe._ O! God bless me, Governor Tastuanes; when I - -30 - -anduve por esas tierras adentro, por la carrera de Mexico, por la -Veracruz, por la Vera Paz, por Antepeque, arriando mi recua, guia -muchachos, opa Don Forcico llega donde un mesonero tupile traiga una -docena de huevos, vamos comiendo y descargando y vuelto á cargar, y -me voy de paso, y no es menester licencia para ello, Sor. Gob^{or} -Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Pues aqui es menester licencia para ello, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Valgame Dios, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, viniendo yo por una calle -derecha me columbró una niña que estaba sentada en una ventana de -oro, y me dice: que galan el Güegüence, que bizarro el Güegüence, -aqui tienes bodega, Güegüence, entra, Güegüence, siéntato, -Güegüence, aqui hay dulce, Güegüence, aqui hay limon. Y como soy un -hombre tan gracejo, salté á la calle con un cabriolé, que con sus -adornos no se distinguia de lo que era, lleno de plata y oro hasta -el suelo, y así una niña me dió licencia, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Pues una niña no puede dar licencia, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -O valgame Dios, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, no seremos guancos, no -seremos amigos, y seremos de sones sepanegaligua, no fardesia de -ropa; en primer lugar cajoneria de oro, cajoneria de plata, ropa de -Castilla, ropa de contrabando, güipil de pecho, güipil de pluma, -medias de seda, zapatos de oro, sombrero de castor, estriberas de - -31 - -was traveling up country, on the road to Mexico, through Vera Cruz, -and Vera Paz, and Antepeque, driving my mules, leading my boys, -twice Don Forcico comes across a constable innkeeper who brings us a -dozen eggs; and we go on eating and unloading, and we load up again, -and I go right along, and there is no need of a permit for it, -Governor Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ Well, here there is need of a permit for it, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, as I was coming up a -straight street, a girl who was sitting in a golden window descried -me, and says to me: "What a fine fellow is Güegüence; how gallant is -Güegüence; here's the shop for you, Güegüence; come in, Güegüence; -sit down, Güegüence; there's sweatmeats here, Güegüence; there's a -lemon here." And, as I am such a funny fellow, I jumped off, with my -riding cloak on, so full of ornaments that you could not tell what -it was, covered with gold and silver to the ground; and that's the -way a girl gave me a permit, Governor Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ Well, a girl can't give a permit [here], Güegüence. - -_Güe._ O! God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, we won't be fools; no, -we will be friends, and we will bargain about my packs of goods. In -the first place, chests of gold, chests of silver, cloth of Spain, -cloth from smugglers, vests, feather skirts, silk stockings, golden -shoes, beaver - -32 - -lazo de oro y de plata, ya pachigüe muyule Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Pachigüete no pachigüete, Güegüence, asamatimagas, (a sones) se -palparesia motel polluse D. Forcico y D. Ambrosio timaguas y verdad, -tin riquezas y hermosuras tumile mo Cabildo Real. - -_Güegüence._ - -No chopa quimate mollule, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -No chiquimate, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues si cana amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, simocagüe nistipampa, Sres. -principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana, y palparesia D. -Forcico timaguas y verdad, tin hermosura, tin bellezas tumiles mo -Cabildo Real. - -_Gobernador._ - -No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, -sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia D. Forcico timagas -y verdad, tin hermosura, tin belleza tumile mo Cabildo Real. - -_Alguacil._ - -Mascamayagua Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres. -principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia D. -Forcico timaguas y verdad. - - Aqui el Alguacil saca à D. Forcico p^a hablar con el - Gob^{or}. - -_D. Forcico._ - -Matateco Dio mispiales, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -33 - -hats, stirrup straps of gold and silver lace, as may satisfy the -clever Governor Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ No, I am not satisfied with what you say, Güegüence. Don -Forcico and Don Ambrosio must give a truthful account to our Royal -Court, whether you have riches and abundant treasures. - -_Güe._ Do you not know it already, clever Governor Tastuanes? - -_Gov._ I do not know it, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Then, if friend Captain Chief Alguacil will suspend, in my -presence, the music, dances, songs and ballets of the leading men, -Don Forcico will give a truthful account to the Royal Court about my -riches and abundant treasures. - -_Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of -the leading men the music, dances, songs and ballets, and Don -Forcico will give a truthful account to the Royal Court about their -riches and abundant treasures. - -_Alg._ At your service, Governor Tastuanes. I pray God to protect -the leading men, and [they suspend] the music, dances, songs and -ballets, and Don Forcico will give a truthful account. - - (The Alguacil takes Don Forcico aside to talk with the - Governor.) - -_Don For._ I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. - -34 - -_Gobernador._ - -Matateco Dio miscuales quilis Don Forcico ya tiguala neme. - -_D. Forcico._ - -Ya nemo niqui nistipampa, quinimente motales, quinimentes moseguan, -Alcaldes ordinarios de la Sta. hermandad, regidores, notarios y -depositarios. Eguan noche mo Cabildo Real del Sor. Gob^{or} -Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Pues, Don Forcico asamatimaguas semo verdad a sones sepaguala -motalce Güegüence quichua contar güil hombre rico, tin riquezas, tin -hermosura, tin belleza, en primer lugar cajoneria de oro, cajoneria -de plata, doblones de oro, monedas de plata, hay me sagua Don -Forcico. - -_D. Forcico._ - -O valgame Dios, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, es corto el dia y la noche -para contar las riquezas de mi padre; en primer lugar cajoneria de -oro, cajoneria de plata, ropa de Castilla, ropa de contrabando, -estriberas de lazo de oro y de plata, ya pachigüe muyule Sor. -Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Pachigüete no pachigüete pues, Don Forcico, á sones se palparesia tu -hermanito Don Ambrosio timaguas y verdad tin riquezas y hermosuras -tumiles mo Cabildo real. - -_D. Forcico._ - -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, sicana amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, mayague -campamento Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y -palparesia mi hermanito Don Ambrosio timaguas y verdad. - -35 - -_Gov._ I pray God to prosper you, Don Forcico; are you well? - -_Don For._ I am here, as is proper, [and I pray God to protect] -those who carry the messages, those who transact the business, the -regular alcaldes of the Holy Brotherhood, the registrars, notaries -and archivists, [by day] and night, in the Royal Court of Governor -Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ Well, Don Forcico, you are to tell me the truth about the -stories which Güegüence tells, saying that he is a rich man, and has -property, and handsome and beautiful things; in the first place, -chests of gold, chests of silver, doubloons of gold, coins of -silver; so tell me clearly, Don Forcico. - -_Don For._ O! God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, the day and the -night are too short to tell you all the riches of my father. In the -first place, chests of gold, chests of silver, cloth of Spain, cloth -from smugglers, stirrup straps of lace of gold and silver, as may -satisfy the clever Governor Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ No, not satisfied yet, Don Forcico; for next, your little -brother, Don Ambrosio, will give a truthful account to the Royal -Court about these riches and abundant treasures. - -_Don For._ Governor Tastuanes, if friend Captain Chief Alguacil will -suspend in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances, songs -and ballets, my little brother, Don Ambrosio, will give a truthful -account. - -36 - -_Gobernador._ - -No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, -sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana, y palparesia su hermanito D. -Ambrosio timaguas y verdad tin riquezas, tin hermosuras. - -_Alguacil._ - -Mascamayagua Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres. -principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana, y palparesia Don -Ambrosio timaguas y verdad. - - Aqui el Alg^l saca à D. Ambrosio p^a hablar con el - Gob^{or}. - -_D. Ambrosio._ - -Matateco Dio mispiales, Sor. Gobernador Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Matateco Dio miscuales, quilis Don Ambrosio, ya tiguala neme? - -_D. Ambrosio._ - -Ya nemo niqui nistipampa quinimente motales, quinimente moseguan -Alcaldes ordinarios de la Sta. hermandad, regidores y notarios, y -depositarios. Eguan noche mo Cabildo Real del Sor. Gob^{or} -Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Pues Don Ambrosio asamatimaguas semo verdad á sones (se) paguala -motalce Güegüence quichua contar güil hombre rico. En primer lugar -cajoneria de oro, cajoneria de plata, ropa de Castilla, ropa de -contrabando, güipil de pecho, güipil de pluma, medias de seda, -zapatos de oro, sombrero de castor, estriberas de lazo de oro y de -plata, muchintes hermosuras quichua contar sesule Güegüence hoy -melagüe Don Ambrosio. - -37 - -_Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of -the leading men the music, dances, songs and ballets, and his little -brother, Don Ambrosio, will give a truthful account of the riches -and treasures. - -_Alg._ At your service, Governor Tastuanes. I pray God to protect -the leading men, [and they suspend] the music, dances, songs and -ballets, and Don Ambrosio will give a truthful account. - - (The Alguacil takes Don Ambrosio aside to talk to the - Governor.) - -_Don Am._ I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ I pray God to prosper you, Don Ambrosio; are you well? - -_Don Am._ I am here, as is proper, [and I pray God to protect] those -who carry the messages, those who transact the business, the regular -alcaldes of the Holy Brotherhood, the registrars, notaries and -archivists, [by day] and by night, in the Royal Court of Governor -Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ Well, Don Ambrosio, you are to tell me the truth about the -stories which Güegüence relates, saying that he is a rich man. In -the first place, [that he has] chests of gold, chests of silver, -cloth of Spain, cloth from smugglers, vests, skirts of feathers, -silk stockings, golden shoes, a beaver hat, stirrup straps of lace -of gold and silver, quantities of pretty things, as that -good-for-nothing Güegüence relates; so tell me clearly, Don -Ambrosio. - -38 - -_D. Ambrosio._ - -Valgame Dios, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, vergüenza me da contar las -cosas de ese Güegüence embustero, pues solo está esperando que -cierre la noche para salir de casa en casa á hurtar lo que hay en -las cocinas para pasar el, y su hijo Don Forcico. Dice que tiene -cajoneria de oro, y es una petaca vieja totolatera, que tiene catre -de seda y es un petate viejo revolcado, dice que tiene medias de -seda y son unas botias viejas sin forro, que tiene zapatos de oro, y -son unas chancletas viejas sin suelas, que tiene un fusil de oro, y -es solo el palo, porque el cañon se lo quitaron. - -_Güegüence._ - -Ve, que afrenta de muchacho, hablador, boca floja! revientale, hijo, -la cabeza, que como no es hijo mio me desacredita. - -_D. Forcico._ - -Quitate de aquí, mala casta! No se espante Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes -en oir á este hablador, que cuando yo anduve con mi padre por la -carrera de Mexico y cuando venimos ya estaba mi madre en cinta de -otro, y por eso salió tan mala casta, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Güegüence._ - -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes ya pachigüe muyules teguane motel poyuce Don -Forcico contar tin hermosuras, tin bellezas, tumiles mo Cabildo -Real. - -_Gobernador._ - -Pachigüete no pachigüete, Güegüence, asamaquimate mollule mo Cabildo -real. - -39 - -_Don Am._ God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, I am ashamed to talk -about the affairs of this old humbug, Güegüence, for he is only -waiting until it is dark, to go from house to house, stealing -whatever is in the kitchens, to keep him and his son, Don Forcico, -alive. He says he has a chest of gold, and it is an old bird-basket; -that he has a silken cot, and it is a dirty old mat; he says he has -silk stockings, and they are old leggings, without lining; that he -has golden shoes, and they are worn out slippers, without soles; -that he has a golden gun, and it is only a wooden stock, because -they took the barrel away from him. - -_Güe._ Heavens! what an impudent boy, a babbler, a lying tongue! -Break his head, my boy, for no son of mine would slander me in that -way. - -_Don For._ Get out of here, you bad breed. Don't be shocked, -Governor, to hear this babbler; for when I went with my father on -the road to Mexico, when we came back my mother was big by another, -and that is why this one is such a bad breed, Governor Tastuanes. - -_Güe._ Governor Tastuanes, now are you not satisfied completely -about us, by what Don Forcico told the Royal Court, that I have -quantities of pretty and beautiful things? - -_Gov._ No, not satisfied; the Royal Court would like to know it. - -40 - -_Güegüence._ - -No chiquimate mollule Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes: pues mayagüe amigo -Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, campamento Srs. principales, sones, mudanzas, -velancicos, necana y palparesia mo tinderia turna güiso mo Cabildo -Real. - -_Gobernador._ - -No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, -sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana, y paltechua consolar sesule -Güegüence(.) Eguan mo tinderia y paltechua consolar mo cabildo real. - -_Alguacil._ - -Mascamayagua, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres. -principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia -tinderia mo Cabildo Real. - - Da vuelta el Güegüence y los muchachos bailando con la - tienda, y habla el - -_Güegüence._ - -Matateco Dio mispiales, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, asanega neme mo -tinderia matamagüeso mo Cabildo Real. Alzen muchachos, miren cuanta -hermosura. En primer lugar cajoneria de oro, cajoneria de plata, -güipil de pecho, güipil de pluma, medias de seda, zapatos de oro, -sombrero de castor, estriberas de lazo de oro y de plata, muchintes -hermosuras, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, asaneganeme ese lucero de la -mañana que relumbra del otro lado del mar, asanecaneme esa -jeringuita de oro para ya remediar el Cabildo Real del Sor. Gob^{or} -Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Para tu cuerpo, Güegüence. - -41 - -_Güe._ The clever Governor Tastuanes does not know it. Well, then, -let friend Captain Chief Alguacil suspend in the quarters of the -leading men the music, dances, songs, ballets and talk, and I will -open my tent to the Royal Court. - -_Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of -the leading men the music, dances, songs, ballets and such like, to -please this good-for-nothing Güegüence, and he will show his tent, -to please the Royal Court. - -_Alg._ At your service, Governor Tastuanes. I pray God to protect -the leading men, [and they suspend] the music, dances, songs, -ballets and talk, [to show] the tent to the Royal Court. - - (Güegüence and the boys dance around the stage with the - tent.) - -_Güe._ I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. Let me offer -you my tent, to show to the Royal Court. Heft it, boys. See what -pretty things! In the first place, a chest of gold, a chest of -silver, vests, feather skirts, silk stockings, golden shoes, a -beaver hat, stirrup straps of lace of gold and silver, quantities of -pretty things, Governor Tastuanes. Let me offer you this star of the -morning, which shines from the other side of the sea; let me offer -you this syringe of gold, with which to medicate the Royal Court of -the Governor Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ May it be for your own body, Güegüence. - -42 - -_Güegüence._ - -Como este mi muchacho tiene tantos oficios, que hasta en las uñas -tiene encajados los oficios. - -_Gobernador._ - -Seran de arena, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues mas ha sido escultor, fundidor, repicador, piloto de alturas de -aquellos que se elevan hasta las nubes, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Esos no son oficios de continuo, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues mas ha sido carpintero, hacedor de yugos aunque sean de papayo, -hacedor de arados, aunque sean de tecomajoche ya pachigüe muyule -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Ya pachigüete no pachigüete, pues Güegüence asanese palparesia mo -Don Forcico timaguas y verdad tin oficios. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues si cana amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}. Mayague nistipampa Sres. -principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia Don -Forcico timaguas y verdad tin oficios. - -_Alguacil._ - -Mascamayagua, Güegüence. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres. principales, -sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia D. Forcico mo -Cabildo Real. - - Vuelve el Alguacil à sacar à D. Forcico. - -43 - -_Güe._ It is wonderful how many trades this boy of mine has. He is -deep in trades to his fingers' ends. - -_Gov._ They are of no account, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Why, he has been a sculptor, a metal founder, a bell-ringer, -and a pilot to the heights which rise above the clouds, Governor -Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ These are not permanent employments, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Then he has been a carpenter, a maker of yokes, though of -papaya wood, a maker of plows, though of temple tree wood. This -should satisfy the clever Governor Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ No, I am not yet satisfied. Let Güegüence tell his son, Don -Forcico, to give a truthful account of his trades. - -_Güe._ Then, if friend Captain Chief Alguacil will, in my presence, -cause the leading men to suspend the music, dances, songs and -ballets, Don Forcico will give a truthful account of his trades. - -_Alg._ At your service, Güegüence. I pray God will protect the -leading men, [and they suspend] the music, dances, songs and -ballets, for the talk of Don Forcico to the Royal Court. - - (The Alguacil brings Don Forcico forward.) - -44 - -_D. Forcico._ - -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, hasta en las uñas tengo encajados los -oficios. - -_Gobernador._ - -Seran de arena, Don Forcico. - -_D. Forcico._ - -Pues mas he sido escultor, fundidor, repicador, piloto de alturas de -aquellas que se elevan hasta las nubes, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Pachigüete no pachigüete, pues Don Forcico asamaguimate mollule tin -mudanzas, tin sapatetas mo Cabildo Real. - -_D. Forcico._ - -O valgame Dios, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, sicana amigo Cap^n Alg^l -M^{or}, campamento Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, -necana tin corridos y palechua consolar mo Cabildo Real. - -_Gobernador._ - -No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, -sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia lichua consolar -sesule Güegüence. - -_Alguacil._ - -Mascamayagua Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres. -principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia -consolar mo Cabildo Real sesule Güegüence. - - Primera bailada del Corrido, y habla el - -45 - -_Don For._ Governor Tastuanes, I am deep in trades to my finger -ends. - -_Gov._ They are of no account, Don Forcico. - -_Don For._ Why, I have been a sculptor, a metal founder, a -bell-ringer, and a pilot to the heights which rise above the clouds, -Governor Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ No, I am not satisfied, since Don Forcico should also know -some clever dances and caperings, [to amuse] the Royal Court. - -_Don For._ O! God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, if friend Captain -Chief Alguacil [will suspend] in the quarters of the leading men the -music, dances, songs and ballets, they shall have some running -dances and such things, to amuse the Royal Court. - -_Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of -the leading men the music, dances, songs, ballets and talk, in order -that this good-for-nothing Güegüence may amuse [the Royal Court]. - -_Alg._ At your service, Governor Tastuanes. I pray God to protect -the leading men, [and they suspend] the music, dances, songs, -ballets and talk, in order that the good-for-nothing Güegüence may -amuse the Royal Court. - - (First ballet with the running dance.) - -46 - -_Güegüence._ - -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, ya pachigüe mollule tigüita tin mudanzas, -tin sapatetas, lichua consolar mo Cabildo Real. - -_Gobernador._ - -Pachigüete no pachiguete, Güegüence, asamaquimate muyule, asanese -palparesia motel poyuse Don Forcico y Don Ambrosio à consolar el -Cabildo Real. - -_Güegüence._ - -No chopa quimate muyule, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -No chopa quimate Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Mayague amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, campamento Sres. principales, -sones, corridos, necana y paltechua consolar Don Forcico eguan D. -Ambrosio mo Cabildo Real. - -_Gobernador._ - -No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, -sones, corridos, necana y paltechua consolar Don Forcico eguan Don -Ambrosio mo Cabildo Real. - - Segunda bailada del Güegüence, y los dos muchachos. - -_Güegüence._ - -Sor Gob^{or} Tastuanes, ya pachigüe mollule tigüita tin mudanzas, -tin sapatetas lichua consolar mo Cabildo Real. - -_Gobernador._ - -Pachigüete no pachigüete, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes asamaquimate mollule tin mudanzas, tin -sapatetas sones San Martin, à lichua consolar Don Forcico eguan Don -Ambrosio mo Cabildo Real. - -47 - -_Güe._ Governor Tastuanes, now you are satisfied that they have -dances and caperings to amuse the Royal Court. - -_Gov._ No, I am not satisfied. I would know thoroughly what Don -Forcico and Don Ambrosio can do to amuse the Royal Court. - -_Güe._ Do you not know it, Governor Tastuanes? - -_Gov._ I do not know it, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Let friend Captain Alguacil Major [suspend] in the quarters -of the leading men the music, dances, songs and such like, that Don -Forcico and Don Ambrosio may amuse the Royal Court. - -_Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of -the leading men the music, dances, songs and such like, that Don -Forcico and Don Ambrosio may amuse the Royal Court. - - (Second ballet of Güegüence and the two boys.) - -_Güe._ Governor Tastuanes, now you are certainly satisfied that they -have dances, have caperings, to amuse the Royal Court. - -_Gov._ No, I am not satisfied, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Governor Tastuanes may certainly know that Don Forcico and -Don Ambrosio have dances and caperings, to the tune of St. Martin, -to amuse the Royal Court. - -48 - -_Gobernador._ - -No chopa quimate mollule Güegüence. No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} -simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, sones San Martin a lichua -consolar mo Cabildo Real sesule Güegüence. - - Aqui se toca S. Martin y dan vuelta todos bailando. - -_Gobernador._ - -A Güegüence ya pachigüe muyule tigüita tin sapatetas lichuas -consolar mo Cabildo Real. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pachigüete no pachigüe, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes asamaquimate muyule -sones Portorico no amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} à lichua consolar Don -Forcico, y Don Ambrosio mo Cabildo Real. - -_Gobernador._ - -No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, -sones Portorico lichua consolar sesule Güegüence. - - Aqui se toca un ton antiguo y dan vuelta todos bailando. - -_Gobernador._ - -A Güegüence ya pachigüe muyule tigüita tin sapatetas lichua consolar -mo Cabildo Real. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pachigüete no pachigüe, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, que unos van para -atras, y otros para delante. - -_Gobernador._ - -Eso no lo sé, Güegüence. Pues, Güegüence, asamaquimate muyule, tin -mudanzas, tin sapatetas semula macho-raton à lichua consolar mo -Cabildo Real. - -49 - -_Gov._ I do not certainly know it. My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, -suspend in the quarters of the leading men [the music, etc.], that -this good-for-nothing Güegüence may amuse the Royal Court with the -tune of St. Martin. - - (The tune of St. Martin is played, and they all dance - around.) - -_Gov._ Now, Güegüence, I am satisfied that they have caperings to -amuse the Royal Court. - -_Güe._ But I am not satisfied; and, Governor Tastuanes, my friend, -Captain Chief Alguacil, might like to know how Don Forcico and Don -Ambrosio can amuse the Royal Court, to the tune of Porto Rico. - -_Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of -the leading men [the music, etc.], that this good-for-nothing -Güegüence may console [us] with the tune of Porto Rico. - - (An ancient tune is played, and they all dance around.) - -_Gov._ Now, Güegüence, I am satisfied that they have caperings to -amuse the Royal Court. - -_Güe._ But I am not satisfied, Governor Tastuanes, as some go from -behind and others from in front. - -_Gov._ I know nothing about that, Güegüence. Now, Güegüence, whether -they have dances, caperings, like the _macho-raton_, to amuse the -Royal Court? - -50 - -_Güegüence._ - -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, ya bueno amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, -campamento Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, necana, à lichua -consolar semula macho-raton mo Cabildo Real. A, muchachos! que es de -los machos? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Ahí estan, tatita. - - Aqui se toca la Valona para los machos, y habla el - -_Güegüence._ - -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes ya pachigüe mollule, tin mudanzas, tin -sapatetas, tin remates, tin corcobios semula macho-raton. - -_Gobernador._ - -Pachigüete no pachigüe, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, no haremos un trato y contrato, que el -sin tuno, sin tunal de eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche? - -_Gobernador._ - -No chopa quimate muyule, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -No chiquimate, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocagüe campamento el Señor Escribano -Real, chigüigua no provincia real lichua obedecer eguan mo Doña -Suche-Malinche. - - Va el Alguacil à hablar con el Escribano Real. - -_Alguacil._ - -Matateco Dio mispiales, Sr. Escribano Real. - -51 - -_Güe._ Governor Tastuanes, and good friend Captain Chief Alguacil, -[suspend] in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances and -songs, in order that we may amuse the Royal Court with the -_macho-raton_. Ho, boys! how about the mules? - -_Don For._ Here they are, little papa. - - (The Valona is played for the mules.) - -_Güe._ Governor Tastuanes, you are certainly satisfied that they -have dances, caperings, finishing touches and curvetings, like the -_macho-raton_. - -_Gov._ No, I am not satisfied, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Well, then, Governor Tastuanes, shall we not make a trade and -a treaty between him, without a folly or a fig-tree, and the lady -Suche-Malinche? - -_Gov._ Do you not know of it already, Güegüence? - -_Güe._ I do not know it, Governor Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend [the labor] in the -quarters of the Royal Secretary, and let him obey our order to enter -my royal presence, with the lady Suche-Malinche. - - (The Alguacil goes to speak with the Royal Secretary.) - -_Alg._ I pray God to protect you Mr. Secretary. - -52 - -_Escribano._ - -Matateco Dio miscuales, quilis Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, ya tiguala neme? - -_Alguacil._ - -Ya nemo niqui nistipampa Sor. Escribano Real, negua ligua y -Provincia Real, del Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, lichua obedecer eguan -mo Doña Suche-Malinche. - -_Escribano._ - -Pues, no pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} simocagüe campamento Sres. -principales, sones, rujeros, y paltechua obedecer eguan mo Doña -Suche-Malinche. - -_Alguacil._ - -Mascamayagua, Sor. Escribano Real. - - Aqui se toca el Rujero, dan vuelta bailando los dos y habla - el - -_Escribano._ - -Matateco Dio mispiales, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Gobernador._ - -Matateco Dio miscuales quilis Sor. Escribano Real, ya tiguala neme? - -_Escribano._ - -Ya nemo niqui nistipampa lichua obedecer, eguan mo Doña -Suche-Malinche. - -_Gobernador._ - -Pues, Sor. Escribano Real, asanegaguala sesule Güegüence güil hombre -rico, eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche. - -_Escribano._ - -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, asanegualigua vestir saya de la China, -güipil de pecho, güipil de pluma, medias de seda, - -53 - -_Sec._ I pray God to prosper you, Captain Chief Alguacil; are you -well? - -_Alg._ I am, as is proper, Mr. Secretary. You will enter the royal -presence of Governor Tastuanes, to obey his orders, and also the -lady Suche-Malinche. - -_Sec._ Well, then, my son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the -quarters of the leading men the music, the shoutings, and such like, -that I may obey, with the lady Suche-Malinche. - -_Alg._ At your service, Mr. Secretary. - - (The Rujero is played, and the two dance around.) - -_Sec._ I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. - -_Gov._ I pray God to prosper you, Mr. Secretary; are you well? - -_Sec._ I am, as is proper, [and come] to obey your orders, with the -lady Suche-Malinche. - -_Gov._ Well, Mr. Secretary, there is a bargain between this -good-for-nothing Güegüence, who is a rich man, and the lady -Suche-Malinche. - -_Sec._ Governor Tastuanes, let the bargain be for clothing, a -petticoat from China, vest, feather skirt, silk stockings, - -54 - -zapatos de oro, sombrero de castor, para monistilco al Sor. Gob^{or} -Tastuanes. - - Se vuelve el Escribano à su lugar, bailando con el - Alguacil. - -_Gobernador._ - -Ha, Güegüence, asiguala lichua escojer mosamonte. - -_Güegüence._ - -¿Desmonte? - -_Gobernador._ - -Mosamonte, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Yo no he hecho trato ni contrato con el Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, -solo que sea mi muchacho. - -_Gobernador._ - -Eso no lo sé, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Ha, muchachos, que trato y contrato tienes con el Sor. Gob^{or} -Tastuanes. - -_D. Forcico._ - -De casarme, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -De casarte! ¿y tan chiquito te atreves à casarte, muchacho? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Si, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Y con quien me dejas, muchacho? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Con mi hermanito, Don Ambrosio. - -_Güegüence._ - -Que caso me hará ese jipato! - -55 - -shoes of gold, a beaver hat, for a son-in-law of Governor Tastuanes. - - (The Secretary returns to his place, dancing with the - Alguacil.) - -_Gov._ Ha, Güegüence! it angers me that you choose so -presumptuously. - -_Güe._ Trumpery? - -_Gov._ Presumptuously, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ I have not made any trade or treaty with the Governor -Tastuanes; it must be my boy. - -_Gov._ I don't know about that, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Ho, boys! what trade or treaty have you with the Governor -Tastuanes? - -_Don For._ For me to get married, little papa. - -_Güe._ For you to get married! What, boy! a little chap like you -dares to get married? - -_Don For._ Yes, little papa. - -_Güe._ And with whom are you going to leave me boy? - -_Don For._ With my little brother, Don Ambrosio. - -_Güe._ What care will that imp take of me? - -56 - -_D. Ambrosio._ - -Y yo tambien me quiero casar. - -_Güegüence._ - -Para eso seres bueno. Don Forcico asiguale lichúa escojer mosamonte. -Ve, que bizarra dama aqui, muchacho. - -_D. Forcico._ - -No está de mi gusto, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Porque, muchacho? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Porque está muy pachaca, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues, que es iguana ó garrobo para que esté pachaca? Quien la echó á -perder, muchacho? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Mi hermanito, Don Ambrosio. - -_Güegüence._ - -Para eso será bueno este soplado, ojos de sapo muerto, por eso está -tan apupujado. Ve, que bizarra maneca, muchacho. - -_D. Forcico._ - -Si está aventada, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Quien la aventó, muchacho? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Mi hermanito, Don Ambrosio. - -_Güegüence._ - -Como aventastes esta dama, Don Ambrosio? - -57 - -_Don Am._ And I too want to get married. - -_Güe._ You're good enough for that. Don Forcico makes a bargain to -choose presumptuously. See what a gay lady is here, my boy? - -_Don For._ She is not to my taste, little papa. - -_Güe._ Why not, my boy? - -_Don For._ Because she is too much stuffed, little papa. - -_Güe._ Is she, then, an iguana or a garrobo, that she is stuffed? -Who has spoiled her, my boy? - -_Don For._ My little brother, Don Ambrosio. - -_Güe._ For that the bloated fellow is good enough, the evil-eyed -brat; that is the reason he is so played out. See, here's a gay -cake-baker my boy. - -_Don For._ She _is_ puffed up, little papa. - -_Güe._ Who puffed her up, boy? - -_Don For._ My little brother, Don Ambrosio. - -_Güe._ How did you puff up this lady, Don Ambrosio? - -58 - -_D. Ambrosio._ - -De dormir con vos, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Callate, mala casta. Ve que bizarra dama, esta otra, muchacho. - -_D. Forcico._ - -Esta, sí, está de mi gusto, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Sabes escojer, no muchacho, pero no sabes escojer un buen machete -para hacer un buen desmonte. - -_D. Forcico._ - -Tambien, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, mosegua trato y contrato. - -_Gobernador._ - -No mocegua, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -No mocegua, Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes; lo que siento es mi muchacho -que se me pierde. - -_Gobernador._ - -Eso no lo sé, Güegüence. - - Aqui se casan, y habla el. - -_Gobernador._ - -No pilse Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} chigüigua mo Provincia Real, campamento -sesule Güegüence lichua obedecer con una yunta de botijas de vino de -Castilla para en chocolá y paltechua brindar mo Cabildo Real. - -_Regidor._ - -Simocagüe, Sor. Alg^l M^{or}.--Mayagüe, amigo sesule Güegüence. En -nombre mo Cabildo Real te damos los - -59 - -_Don Am._ It came from sleeping with you, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Shut up, you bad breed. See, my boy, what a gay lady this -other one is. - -_Don For._ This one? Yes, she suits me, little papa. - -_Güe._ You know how to choose, my boy; but you don't know how to -choose a good axe to make a good clearing. - -_Don For._ That also, little papa. - -_Güe._ Governor Tastuanes, let us make a trade and a treaty. - -_Gov._ I will make it, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ I will make it, Governor Tastuanes. What I feel is the loss -of my boy. - -_Gov._ I don't know about that, Güegüence. - - (The marriage takes place.) - -_Gov._ My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, let it be known in the -quarters of my Royal Province that this good-for-nothing Güegüence -is going to treat the Royal Court to a yoke of jars of Spanish wine. - -_Reg._ Suspend [business], Mr. Chief Alguacil, and attend, friend -good-for-nothing Güegüence. In the name of the Royal Court, we give -the congratulations, and also - -60 - -parabienes de eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche, de inmenso que goce con -Don Forcico, tu hijo, Güegüence. - -_Alguacil._ - -Ha, Güegüence, asanegualigua y Provincia Real del Sor. Gob^{or} -Tastuanes y paltechua obedecer con una yunta de botijas de vino de -Castilla en chocolá y paltechua brindar mo Cabildo Real del Sor. -Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Güegüence._ - -Ha, muchachos, ya lo ven, aviados estamos. Bueno es, ser casado, -pero ahora se nos ofrece un gran trabajo. Ya viene el provincial y -no tenemos provision. Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}, á onde dejó al -provincial, en Managua ó en Nindiri? - -_Alguacil._ - -Acaso no me cele de provincial, Güegüence; una yunta de botijas de -vino. - -_Güegüence._ - -Ya lo ven, muchachos, una yunta de bueyes, y ha de ser con carreta. - -_Alguacil._ - -Acaso no me cele de bueyes ò de carreta, Güegüence. Una yunta de -botijas de vino de Castilla para en chocolá brindar su Cabildo Real -Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes. - -_Güegüence._ - -Ya lo ves, muchacho, en que empeño me metes, con ser casado. Ya ves -la providencia que pide el Sor. Gob^{or} Tastuanes, una yunta de -botijas de vino de Castilla para en chocolá del Sor. Gob^{or} -Tastuanes; te atreves á buscarla ó á sacarla, muchacho? - -61 - -to the lady Suche Malinche, that she may enjoy herself hugely with -Don Forcico, your son, Güegüence. - -_Alg._ Ha, Güegüence! it is known in the Royal Province of the -Governor Tastuanes that you are to obey him, and treat the Royal -Court of the Governor Tastuanes to a yoke of jars of Spanish wine. - -_Güe._ Ho, boys! you see we are already provided for. It is a fine -thing to be married, but now we have a big job on hand. The -Provincial is coming, and we have not prepared for him. Friend -Captain Chief Alguacil, where did you leave the Provincial, in -Managua or in Nindiri? - -_Alg._ Perhaps I don't care about the Provincial; a yoke of -wine-jars. - -_Güe._ Now you see, boys, a yoke of oxen, and, no doubt, the cart as -well. - -_Alg._ Perhaps I don't care about carts or oxen, Güegüence; a yoke -of jars of Spanish wine for a lunch, to treat the Royal Court of -Governor Tastuanes. - -_Güe._ Now, boy, you see in what a bother you put me by getting -married. Now you see the contribution which the Governor asks, a -yoke of jars of Spanish wine for the Governor's lunch. Are you equal -to hunting for it, or to getting it, boy? - -62 - -_D. Forcico._ - -No tengo de onde, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Para escojer mosamonte si eres bueno. Te atreves a buscar una yunta -de botijas de vino de Castilla, Don Ambrosio? - -_D. Ambrosio._ - -No tengo de onde, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Que cosa buena has de hacer, mala casta! Con que, ¿no te atreves, -muchacho? - -_D. Forcico._ - -No, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues á ganar ò á perder voy à buscar la yunta de botijas de vino. - -_D. Forcico._ - -No vaya, tatita, ya me avié de la yunta de botijas de vino. - -_Güegüence._ - -A onde te aviastes, muchacho? - -_D. Forcico._ - -En casa de un amigo. - -_Güegüence._ - -Quien te enseño hacer amigo? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Usted, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Calla, muchacho, que dirá la gente que yo te enseño á hacer amigo? - -63 - -_Don For._ I don't know whence, little papa. - -_Güe._ You are bold enough to choose [a wife] presumptuously. Are -you bold enough to hunt up a yoke of jars of Spanish wine, Don -Ambrosio? - -_Don Am._ I don't know where, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ What are you good for, you bad breed? Well, don't _you_ dare -to, boy? - -_Don For._ No, little papa. - -_Güe._ Well, then, be it to win or lose, I shall go in search of the -wine myself. - -_Don For._ Don't go, little papa, I have already provided the wine. - -_Güe._ Where did you get it, boy? - -_Don For._ In the house of a friend. - -_Güe._ Who taught you to make a friend? - -_Don For._ You, little papa. - -_Güe._ Shut up, boy. What will the folks say [if they hear] that I -taught you to make a friend? - -64 - -_D. Ambrosio._ - -Y pues no es verdad que enseñas á malas mañas á tu hijo? - -_Güegüence._ - -Arra ya, mala casta! malas mañas como las tienes vos. Amigo Cap^n -Alg^l M^{or}, ya estamos aviados de la yunta de botijas de vino, no -habrá un macho de la cofradia ò de la comunidad? - -_Alguacil._ - -Vean, que fama de hombre de bien! - -_Güegüence._ - -Soy hombre de bien. Traigo mis machos, pero estan algo raspados -desde su cruz hasta su rabo a lichuas diligencia, amigo Cap^n Alg^l -M^{or}. Ha, muchachos, que es de los machos? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Ahi, estan, tatita. - - Aqui dan una vuelta bailando y cojen los machos. - -_D. Forcico._ - -Ya estan cojidos los machos, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Encojidos? Será de frio. - -_D. Forcico._ - -Los machos ya estan cojidos. - -_Güegüence._ - -Cojudos? Pues no eran capones. - -_D. Forcico._ - -Cojidos los machos, tatita. - -65 - -_Don Am._ And is it not true that you teach your son evil ways? - -_Güe._ Get out, you bad breed; you are the one with evil ways. -Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, we have now provided the wine. Have -you not a mule of the brotherhood, or of the village? - -_Alg._ See, what a reputation for an honest man! - -_Güe._ I am an honest man. I have my own mules, but they are a -little raw, from withers to crupper, in consequence of my energy, -Captain Chief Alguacil. Ha, boys! what about the mules? - -_Don For._ Here they are, little papa. - - (They dance around the stage and lead in a number of masks, - dressed as mules.) - -_Don For._ The mules are now driven up, little papa. - -_Güe._ Shriveled up? That must be from cold. - -_Don For._ I say the mules are driven up. - -_Güe._ Livin' studs? Then they were not altered. - -_Don For._ The mules are driven up. - -66 - -_Güegüence._ - -Cojidos los machos? Pues hableme recio! A onde estan los machos? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Aquí estan, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Que macho es este puntero, muchacho? - -_D. Forcico._ - -El macho viejo, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Y este otro macho? - -_D. Forcico._ - -El macho guajaqueño. - -_Güegüence._ - -Y este otro macho? - -_D. Forcico._ - -El macho mohino. - -_Güegüence._ - -Y este otro macho? - -_D. Forcico._ - -El macho moto. - -_Güegüence._ - -¿Ya aparejaron, muchachos? - -_D. Forcico._ - -No, tatita, aparejeselos Vd. - -_Güegüence._ - -Todo lo ha de hacer el viejo. - -_D. Forcico._ - -Sí, es mejor, tatita. - -67 - -_Güe._ Driven up, are they? Speak out loud to me. Where are the -mules? - -_Don For._ Here they are, little papa. - -_Güe._ Which mule is this thin one, boy? - -_Don For._ The old mule, little papa. - -_Güe._ And this other mule? - -_Don For._ That is the dried-up one. - -_Güe._ And this other? - -_Don For._ That is the quarrelsome mule. - -_Güe._ And this other one? - -_Don For._ The rowdy mule. - -_Güe._ Are they harnessed, boys? - -_Don For._ No, little papa; harness them yourself. - -_Güe._ The old man has to do everything. - -_Don For._ Yes, it's better, little papa. - -68 - -_Güegüence._ - -Ya está sana la cinchera de este macho, muchacho? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Ya está, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Y este otro macho ¿ya esta sana la riñonada? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Ya está, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Que sana ha de estar, muchacho, si asi tanta estaca tiene por -delante? A onde se estacó este macho, muchacho? - -_D. Forcico._ - -En el potrero, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Eso merece por ralirse del potrero á otro potrero. Y la vaticola de -este macho, ya está sana, muchacho? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Ya está, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Que sana ha de estar, muchacho, si le ha bajado la flucion por de -bajo de las piernas y la tiene muy hinchada? Reviéntalo, muchacho. - -_D. Forcico._ - -Reviéntelo Vd, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Ahi se reventará solo, muchacho, que falta? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Alzar el fardo, tatita. - -69 - -_Güe._ Is the girth-gall of this mule well yet, boy? - -_Don For._ It is, little papa. - -_Güe._ And this other mule, is its backband-gall well yet? - -_Don For._ It is, little papa. - -_Güe._ How can it be well if it has such a stick in front of it? -Where did this mule run such a stick in itself, boy? - -_Don For._ In the colt yard, little papa. - -_Güe._ That is what it deserved for running from one pasture to -another. And the crupper-gall of this other mule, is it now well, -boy? - -_Don For._ It is, little papa. - -_Güe._ How can it be well, boy, if the inflammation has passed down -beneath the legs, and there's a great swelling there? Burst it open, -boy. - -_Don For._ Burst it open yourself, little papa. - -_Güe._ It will burst of itself, boy. What's wanting now? - -_Don For._ Heave up the pack, little papa. - -70 - -_Güegüence._ - -¿Calentar el jarro? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Alzar el fardo. - -_Güegüence._ - -Ha! el fardo! A onde está el fardo? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Aqui está tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -A mi tiempo, cuando fui muchacho, el tiempo del hilo azul, cuando me -vei en aquellos campos de los Diriomos alzando aquellos fardos de -guayabas,--no muchachos? - -_Alguacil._ - -Date priesa, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Me llevas preso? Porque, amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or}? - -_Alguacil._ - -Que te des priesa! - -_Güegüence._ - -Dejeme acordar de mi tiempo, que con eso me consuelo. Ha! muchachos, -para onde vamos, para atras ò para delante? - -_D. Forcico._ - -Para delante, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues, á la guia, muchachos. - - Aqui se montan los muchachos en los machos. - -_Güegüence._ - -Muchachos, ¿no habrá un peinador para brindar el Cabildo Real del -Sor Gob^{or} Tastuane? - -71 - -_Güe._ Heat up the flask? - -_Don For._ Heave up the pack. - -_Güe._ O! the pack. Where is the pack? - -_Don For._ Here it is, little papa. - -_Güe._ In my time, when I was a boy, in the time of the blue thread, -when I was in those plains of the Diriomos, lifting those packs of -guayabas--isn't it so, boys? - -_Alg._ Hurry up, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ You take me up? What for, friend Captain Chief Alguacil? - -_Alg._ I mean hurry up. - -_Güe._ Let me recall old times, that I may console myself with that. -Say, boys, do we go in front or behind? - -_Don For._ In front, little papa. - -_Güe._ Then go ahead, boys. - - (The boys mount the mules.) - -_Güe._ Boys, isn't there a cheeky fellow to toast the Royal Court of -the Governor Tastuanes? - -72 - -_D. Forcico._ - -Si, hay, tatita. - -_Güegüence._ - -Señor Gob^{or} Tastuanes, asaneganeme Castilla en chocola de vino. - -_Gobernador._ - -Siguale, Güegüence. - -_Gobernador._ - -Sor. Escribano Real, asaneganeme Castilla en chocola de vino. - -_Escribano._ - -Siguale, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Sor. Regidor Real, asaneganeme Castilla en chocola de vino. - -_Regidor._ - -Siguale, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Amigo Cap^n Alg^l M^{or} asaneganeme Castilla en chocola de vino. - -_Alguacil._ - -Siguale, Güegüence. - -_Güegüence._ - -Pues nosotros, á la gorra, muchachos! - - -FIN. - -73 - -_Don For._ Yes, there is, little papa. - -_Güe._ Governor Tastuanes, let me offer you some Spanish wine, as a -treat. - -_Gov._ Follow him, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Mr. Secretary, let me offer you some Spanish wine, as a -treat. - -_Sec._ Follow him, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Mr. Registrar, let me offer you some Spanish wine, as a -treat. - -_Reg._ Follow him, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, let me offer you some Spanish -wine, as a treat. - -_Alg._ Follow him, Güegüence. - -_Güe._ Then, for us, boys; we'll get it for nothing, and drink it -ourselves. - - -END. - - - - -NOTES. - - -_Page 4._ The Dramatis Personæ. These have been discussed in the -Introduction, page xlv. I may add that the "Regidor de Cana" may be -for "Regidor Decano." Otherwise I do not see a meaning to it. The -term "Alguacil" might be translated "constable," or "bailiff." - -_Page 6._ The salutations exchanged between the Alguacil and -Governor are repeated frequently between the characters. In the -first, the words would seem to be the Nahuatl _matataca_, to beg, to -pray, and _miecpialia_, to watch over, to protect; in the reply, for -the latter is substituted _miequilia_, to prosper, followed by -_qualli_, good, or well. The terminal _s_, in _mispiales_, -_miscuales_, is probably a remnant of the Spanish _os_, you. _No -pilse_ is the vocative _nopiltze_, my dear son, compounded of the -inseparable possessive pronoun of the first person, _no_, and -_tepiltzin_, an affectionate or reverential form, from the root -_pilli_. The expression need not be taken as literally meaning -relationship, as the Nahuas used the formula _nopiltzintzinê_ in -addressing all persons of position. "_Ma moyolicaizin_, -_Nopiltzintzine_, seas bien venido, ó ilustre Señor." Carochi, -_Gram. Mex._, p. 20. - -_Ya tiguala neme_, I take to be _yê tiqualli tinemi_, in which _yê_ -is a particle of contraposition, and both the adjective-adverb -_qualli_, and the verb _nemi_, to live, to be, are preceded by the -second personal pronoun _ti_. The compound _mascamayagua_ appears to -be from _maxca_, yours, literally, your thing (_mo_, your, _axca_, -thing), and the optative particle _mayecuele_, equivalent to the -Spanish _ojalá_; hence the meaning is "yours to command," or "at -your service." - -In his next words the Governor uses a phrase which is repeated by -various speakers with a "damnable iteration" throughout the comedy. -_Simocague_ would, in pure Nahuatl, be _ximocauoltia_, the -imperative second person singular, of the compulsive form of -_mocaua_, to cease, to stop, or to suspend something. The noun -_mocacaua_ is the word for the pauses or intervals in music. The -reason for the frequent repetition of the request, I suppose to be -that in the ancient exhibitions of the drama numerous assistants -joined in dancing, singing and playing on musical instruments; and -when a specified ballet was to be performed, or an important -conversation to be repeated, they were courteously addressed, and -requested to be silent for a time. Dr. Valentine tells me that in -Guatemala the term _gente principal_ is commonly used to designate -the most prominent inhabitants of a pueblo. - -_Necana y paltechua_, Nahuatl words, united by the Spanish -conjunction. The former is Nah. _nequaniliztli_, dancing motions; -the latter, elsewhere written _palechua_ and _paleguisa_, is a -corruption of _paleuqui_, suitable, or appropriate things. _Hemo_, a -form of Sp. _hemos_, is an antiquated expression for _tenemos_. - -The word _mo_ in the expression _mo Cabildo Real_ may be the Spanish -_mio_, my; or the Nah. _mo_, thy, thine. The _Cabildo_ was -originally the chapter of a religious house, and later a council, -but at present it is applied in Central America to the municipal -courts, and the house in which they sit. - -_Page 8._ In the second reply of the Alguacil on this page there are -evidently several words omitted which I have supplied in brackets in -the translation. The same has occurred elsewhere, and it was to be -expected, as nearly all the Nahuatl expressions have become -unintelligible to the native population of the present generation. -As most of these formulas are repeated several times, we can -approximate to what the full expression should be. - -_Ya nemo niqui nistipampa_, is a frequent reply in the play to a -formal salutation of a superior. I have translated it as some -corruption of the Nahuatl words, _yê nemonequi nixtlipampa_, -literally, "my presence is proper," _i. e._, "I am present before -you, as is my duty." The Alguacil, as having charge of the patrol, -hastens to speak of its wretched uniform. The adjective _sesule_, -constantly applied to Güegüence, evidently in a depreciatory manner, -is probably from the Nah. _tçulli_, worthless. - -_Page 10._ While the Governor and Alguacil are conversing, Güegüence -and his sons enter, and overhear the last directions of the -Governor. All three understand whom he means, but it is the cue of -Güegüence to assume a different signification. To the brusque -rejoinder of Don Ambrosio he pretends to be deaf, and this feigned -difficulty of hearing is depended on as one of the main elements of -the comic throughout. - -The epithet _mala casta_, of bad blood, as applied by Güegüence to -his own (putative) son, becomes intelligible later in the play, -where it is stated that he was begotten during his legal father's -absence in Mexico. - -_Embustero_, which I have rendered "humbug," is more exactly a -boasting, bragging charlatan. Dr. Valentine suggests "blower," in -the slang sense of that word. - -_Page 12._ _Asuyungua._ The numerous words which begin in _asu_, -_asa_, and _ase_, seem to be compounds with the Nah _aço_, -"perhaps," used in introducing a positive statement mildly, or in -presenting a question in the form of an assertion, as _aço amo -timoçahua_, "perhaps you have not fasted," meaning "you surely have -not." (Carochi.) It is usually combined with other particles, and -the analysis of such compounds in the altered form presented in the -text becomes exceedingly uncertain. - -After the announcement of his person and official position by the -Alguacil, Güegüence repeats his titles in a tone of affected -admiration, and inquires after his staff of office, which was not -visible. This staff was all-important to the dignity of an alcalde -or alguacil. In Nahuatl this official is called _topilê_, he who -carries the staff, from _topilli_, staff. - -_Page 14._ Güegüence, who has no desire to appear before the -Governor, makes an excuse that he will learn how to fly, and is -about leaving, when he is called back by the Alguacil. The words _te -calas_, _qui provincia real_, should probably read, _ticalaquia -presencia real_, the first from _calaquia_, to enter, as on page 8. - -_Page 16._ Having agreed to take a lesson in etiquette, Güegüence -pretends quite to misunderstand the Alguacil, when he claims pay for -his instructions. - -_Redes_, "nets" of salted fish. The reference is to the method -adopted by the Indians of Central America in carrying burdens. This -is in a net which is suspended between the shoulders by means of a -strap which passes across the forehead. Such a net is called in -Nicaragua _matate_, and in pure Nahuatl, _matlauacalli_; the strap -or band by which it is supported is the _mecapal_, Nah. _mecapalli_. -When the material to be transported is a fluid, a jar of earthenware -is suspended in the same manner. A small earthenware cup, found in -Nicaragua exhibits this, and also some ingenuity of arrangement. It -represents a woman, with one of these jars on her back, seated. (See -p. 78.) - -_Page 18._ _Ojos de sapo muerto_, lit. "eyes of a dead toad." Such -eyes were considered to exercise an evil influence, and to bring bad -luck. - -_Page 20._ _Doblar._ This Spanish word means to toll a bell, as at a -death. Güegüence chooses to understand the Alguacil's demand for -_doubloons_ to be a request to _doblar_, and hastens to announce to -his sons that the Alguacil has suddenly died. - -[Illustration: CUP FROM NICARAGUA.] - -_Page 24._ The coins which Güegüence names are those of the old -Spanish currency. A cuarto was a brass piece, equal to a half-penny -English, or one American cent (Delpino, _Spanish and English -Dictionary_, 1763.) It was worth four maravedis, and eight cuartos -equaled a _real de vellon_. - -The phrase _maneta congon_ is of uncertain signification. I have -translated the first word as the imperative form of _nextia_, to -show, to disclose; _congon_ may perhaps be a corruption of -_conetontli_, boy. - -The Alguacil now begins his instruction, and repeats, for the -benefit of Güegüence, the proper salutation which should be used in -addressing the Governor. The old man pretends to misunderstand them, -and makes use of other words, similar in sound, but of an insulting -signification. I have not succeeded in showing, in the English text, -this play upon words. - -_Page 28._ _Asonesepa negualigua_, etc. This passage has proved -unintelligible to me, and the rendering is little more than a guess. -The phrase is the same as at the foot of p. 30. - -In the midst of the conversation the Governor suddenly appears, and -Güegüence turns to him with the customary and proper salutation, -thus showing that his desire for instruction from the Alguacil was a -sham. - -On the phrase _te calas qui provincia real_, see the Notes to page -14. - -_Page 30._ _Mesonero_, a person who owns or has charge of a _meson_, -a house in which the poorer classes of travelers sleep, providing -their own food, and that of their beasts (Dr. Valentine). For -_tupile_ see Vocabulary. - -_Antepeque_ or Tecoantepeque, the seaport of Guaxaca. Thomas Gage, -who visited it in 1625, wrote of it: "This Port of Tecoantepeque is -the chief for fishing in all that country; we met here in the ways, -sometimes with fifty, sometimes with a hundred mules together, laden -with nothing but salt fish for Guaxaca, the City of Angels, and -Mexico."--_A new Survey of the West Indies_, p. 195. (London, 1699.) - -_Dulces_ are sweetmeats of various kinds, eaten usually between -meals. Squier remarks: "The Spanish taste for 'dulces' long ago -passed into a proverb, but it rather surpasses itself in Nicaragua. -The venders of 'dulces', generally bright Indian girls, gaily -dressed, and bearing a tray, covered with the purest white napkins, -and temptingly spread upon their heads, pass daily from house to -house; and it is sometimes difficult, and always ungallant, to -refuse purchasing something from their stock."--_Nicaragua_, Vol. I, -p. 275. - -The punctuation toward the foot of the page should probably be, -"_no seremos guancos; no; seremos amigos_," etc. The _guipil de -pecho_ is the short upper jacket worn by the women. A _guipil de -pluma_ is a skirt woven of feathers. In ancient times, these -garments, skillfully constructed of the beautiful plumes of tropical -birds, were esteemed as the most valued articles in the treasures of -kings, and the most magnificent of royal costumes. The art of -feather-weaving continued for some generations after the Conquest. -Indeed, as late as 1840 one family in Mechoacan preserved it. The -reference to it in the text, however, is a sign of antiquity, as it -has long since disappeared in Central America. See an interesting -monograph on the subject by the eminent French antiquary, Ferdinand -Denis.--_Arte Plumaria; Les Plumes, leur Valeur et leur Emploi dans -les Arts au Mexique, au Perou, etc._ Paris, 1875. - -_Page 32._ Much of this page is rendered with doubtful accuracy, as -the text is very obscure. - -_Page 34._ _Hay me sagua_, the same as _hoy melague_, p. 36; hoy, -Spanish, now, to-day, _melaua_, Nah., to speak out, or openly. - -_Page 40._ The reference to the star would seem to be that when the -tent is opened a star is visible through it, which Güegüence offers -to the Governor. - -_Para tu cuerpo_, "an extremely filthy expression." (Dr. Valentine.) - -_Page 42._ _Seran de arena._ "They may be of sand," _i. e._, they -are of no value or importance. - -_Yugos de papayo_, yokes of papaw wood, a soft wood, worthless for -the purpose, as is also the wood of the tecomajoche, the _Plumeria_, -for plows. The intimation is that Don Forcico was smart enough to -cheat his customers. - -The Nicaraguan plow is a wooden instrument of the most primitive -construction. The following cut from Mr. Squier's work represents -one. - -[Illustration: A NICARAGUAN PLOW.] - -_Page 48._ The tunes mentioned, the St. Martin, the Valona, the -Porto rico and others, are still preserved in Nicaragua. - -_Page 50._ _Sin tuno, sin tunal._ An obscure phrase which none of my -advisers can explain. _Tuna_ is the prickly pear, _tunal_, the plant -that bears it, various species of _Opuntia_. _Tuna_, in the -university slang, means beggarly, reckless; "estudiantes de la -tuna," mendicant or vagabond students. (See Don J. Arias Giron, -_Costumbres Salamanquinas_.) - -_Page 54._ When the Governor uses the Nahuatl word _mocemati_, -presumptuously, Güegüence feigns to understand him to say -_desmonte_, which means, in Nicaraguan Spanish, a clearing, and also -the worthless waste products thrown out of a mine. - -_Page 56._ Güegüence leads in several girls, and presents them to -Don Forcico, which gives the pair an opportunity for some coarse -jokes. _Pachaca_, stuffed up, here meant in the sense of being with -child. _Iguana ô garroba_, the latter the male of the iguana, a -thick tree lizard of the tropics. _Aventada_, puffed up, taken in -the same sense as _pachaca_. - -_Page 58._ The _machete_, which I have translated "axe," is a long, -heavy knife or cutlass, in extensive use in Spanish America, for -domestic and agricultural purposes. It is shown in the following -cut. - -[Illustration: THE MACHETE.] - -_Una yunta de botijas de vino_, a yoke or brace of wine jars, -probably so called from having been carried by a neck yoke, one -suspended on each side. - -_Page 60._ The Alguacil speaks to Güegüence of toasting, _brindar_, -the Court, and Güegüence feigns to hear him speak of the -_provincial_ or ecclesiastical officer in charge of the province. It -is an example of assonance which is lost in the translation. Managua -and Nindiri are towns in the Mangue district of Nicaragua. See the -map on page xii. - -The next affected misunderstanding of the old man is to take _una -yunta de botijas_, a yoke of bottles, for _una yunta de bueyes_, a -yoke of oxen. - -_Page 62._ _Hacer amigo_, to make a friend. This is the phrase which -is used by courtezans with reference to securing a male patron to -pay their expenses, and for that reason Güegüence affects to be -shocked by the employment of it by Don Forcico. - -_Page 64._ The words of the Alguacil, "What a reputation, etc.," are -with reference to the charge of Don Ambrosio, that Güegüence had -taught his son evil ways. - -The introduction of the mules, _i. e._, the actors dressed as mules, -as described on page xlviii, is the occasion of several extremely -obscene puns and allusions. - -_Page 68._ _Potrero_, colt-yard, or pasture-lot, a play on the -similarity of the word to _puteria_, a brothel. The estaca referred -to is, of course, an obscene allusion, as is also the _fluccion por -debajo de las piernas_, _i. e._, the scrotum. - -_Page 70._ _El tiempo del hilo azul._ This idiom has foiled all whom -I have consulted. Dr. Valentine thinks it refers to the season of -the year when the verdure reappears after the drouth. F. Diego Duran -states that the village conjurors were accustomed to suspend charms -to the necks of boys by blue and green threads. (_Historia de las -Indias de la Nueva España._ Tom. II, p. 275.) Thus understood, the -time of the blue thread would be equivalent to boyhood. - -_Campos de los Diriomos._ The Mangue word _Diriomo_ means the hill -of abundance, or of great fertility. The locality so named is shown -on the map, page xii. - -_Guayaba._ This is the fruit of the guayabo tree, the _Psidium -pyriferum_. It is red in color, and about the size of a small apple. - -_Page 72._ _A la gorra_, literally "for the cap," an idiom meaning -that one receives something merely for taking off the cap; a -gratuity. Dr. Valentine, however, writes me: "I understand _nosotros -á la gorra_ to mean 'then we shall have to do without.'" - - - - -VOCABULARY - -OF - -_Nahuatl and Provincial, Unusual or Antiquated Spanish Words_. - - -A - - Apupujado, Sp. Worn out, played out. - - Arra! "Get up! Get along!" A cry of the muleteers to their - animals. - - Asa--. The various words beginning thus are compounds - commencing with the Nah. _aço_, which expresses a doubt, - or implies a question, == perhaps, maybe. Olmos says: - "Quiere decir _por ventura_, respondiendo ô - dudando."--_Gram. Nahuatl_, p. 179. - - Asama--. This prefix to various words is the Nah. _açoma_, - which is a strengthened form of _aço_.--Carochi, _Gram. - Mex._, p. 181. The syllable _ma_ is also the sign of the - imperative. - - Asamaquimate, Nah. A compound of _açamo_, as above, and - _mati_, to know. The _qui_ is the objective pronoun of - the third singular, him, her, it, that; but its - employment in this connection is incorrect. - - Asamatimaguas, _or_ --timagas, Nah. Probably from _açoma_ - (see above), and either _temachtico_, to come to teach, - or tell; or _temaca_, to give something to a person. - - Asanecaneme, _see_ Asaneganeme. - - Asanegaguala, _see_ Asanegualigua. - - Asaneganeme, Nah. Probably _aço ni ca nemactia_, the last - word meaning to give or offer something to another, - "perhaps I may offer something," == "May I offer you - some?" - - Asanegualigua, Nah. Probably _aço_ and _necuilhuia_, to - deal, bargain, treat for. - - Asanese, Nah. p. 42. A compound of _aço_ and some unknown - word. Probably == _asones_, q.v. - - Asetato, Sp. ant. and prov. for _sientate_, sit down. - - Asiguala, Nah. From _aço_ and perhaps _qualani_, to grow - angry (?). - - Asones, Nah. From _aço_, and probably _nechca_ or _nepa_, - adverbs of place and time, "these," "then," "once," - "formerly." Sometimes it is written _à sones_, and - _asonesepa_. - - Asuyungua, Nah. Compound of _aço_ and _noyuhqui_, thus, in - this manner (? Cf. Carochi, _Gram. Mex._ p. 190). - - Ayugama, Nah. == _ayoccampa_, nowhere, not at all, never. - - Azetagago, Nah. Apparently a corrupt form from _acicacaqui_, - to understand. - - -B - - Batuchito, Sp. prov. A small box, in which money, etc., is - kept. - - -C - - Cabildo, Sp. A chapter; a council. In Central America, the - municipal court. See p. 76. - - Cabriolé, Sp. A kind of riding coat; "a narrow riding coat - without sleeves." (Delpino, _Span. Dict._) - - Campaneme, ?. p. 28. Probably for _campamento_. - - Cana, Nah. A particle, expressing doubt, "any time," - "anywhere." _Cuix cana otimoyolcuiti_, Have you - confessed anywhere? It cannot begin a sentence, but must - always follow some other word (Carochi, _Gram. Mex._, p. - 158). - - Cele, Sp. prov. A form of _zelar_, to be zealous for, to be - anxious for; _no me cele_, I do not very strongly - desire; used ironically. - - Chiguigua, Nah. Perhaps _ti calaquia_, you will enter in. - - Chiquimate, Nah. From _mati_, to know, _qui_, objective. - - Chopaquimate, Nah. _Quimati_, see above. _Chopa_ and _chi_ - seem to be personal forms. - - Chocola, Nah. _Chocolatl_, a drink made from cacao. It has - been doubted whether there was a Nahuatl word in this - form. Don Jesus Sanchez denies it in his _Glosario de - Voces Castellanas derivadas del Idioma Nahuatl_, sub - voce (Mexico, 1883). But its pure Nahuatl origin seems - to be established by another writer (_An. del Museo - Nacional de Mexico_, Tom. iii, p. 86). From the text, - its meaning was in a wider sense a refection in general, - just as the English word "tea" means a meal. - - Cinchera, Sp. The portion of the body of a horse or mule - where the saddle girth is fastened. - - Cobijones, Sp. Large leather coverings to protect goods, - etc. - - Cojudo, Sp. Not castrated. Applied to the entire horse, etc. - - Columbrar, Sp. To descry, to discern at a distance. "Lo que - veo y columbro, respondió Sancho," etc.--Don Quixote, - Pt. I, cap. xxi. - - Congon, Nah. p. 24. Perhaps _conetontli_, a boy, or young - person. - - Consentidor, Sp. A conniver, procurer, pimp. - - Corcobios, Sp. Curvetings, gambolings. Applied to the steps - in certain dances. - - Corridos, Sp. Running steps, or motions, in certain dances. - - Cuascuane, Nah. From _cuicani_, to sing, chant. - - -D - - Desmonte, Sp. A clearing; the refuse from a clearing, or - from a mine. See note, page 80. - - -E - - Eguan, Nah. A form of _ihuan_, and, as well as. - - Escataci, p. 28 (?). - - -G - - Galagua, Nah., _calaquia_, to enter, to come into. - - Ganzo, Sp. prov. a goose; a fool; also a glutton. - - Garrobo. A large species of tree lizard; the male of the - iguana (Berendt, _Lengua Castellana de Nicaragua_, MSS). - - Guajaqueño, Nah. From _quauhuaqui_, to appear thin and dry, - like a stick. - - Guancos, Sp. prov. for _guanacos_, foolish, silly persons. - - Güil, Sp. prov. Probably for _que es el_, or _quel_, who is - the, or which? - - Guipil, Nah. A form of _gueipil_, or _huipilli_. The short - skirt, without sleeves, used by the Indian women. "Camisa - de algodon sin mangas."--Jesus Sanchez, _Glosario de Voces - Castellanas derivadas del Náhuatl_, s.v. - - Guiso, _see_ Tomaguiso. - - -L - - Lichua, Nah. Probably an abbreviated form from _tla - achiua_, to do, or make something; _lichua obedecer_, - to make to obey. - - Linar, Sp. prov. To please, amuse, == _consolar_, for which - it is used in some districts. (Berendt.) - - -M - - Machete, Sp. prov. A heavy knife, or sort of cutlass (a - Biscayan word). See page 81. - - Macho, Sp. A male of any animal, especially of a mule; used - generally for mule in the Güegüence. - - Macho-raton, Sp. Literally, "the male mouse," but in - Nicaragua applied to a fantastic costume, and hence to - the play, or _baile_, in which it is worn. See page - xlvii. It may also mean a mouse-colored jack. - - Maneca, Nah. From _mana_, to make maize cakes, or tortillas; - _manacan_, one who likes to make such (cf. Carochi, - _Gram. Mex._, p. 136). - - Maneta, Nah. Probably the imperative form of _nextia_ (_mâ - xi nextia_), to show, to disclose or inform. - - Mascamayagua. Nah. A compound of _maxca_ (== _mo, axca_) - thine, it is thine (literally, thy thing), and - _mayacuele_, the optative particle, or else _ma ayc - caui_, thine always. It is evidently equivalent to - "yours to command," "at your service," etc. - - Matamagueso, _see_ Tumaguiso. - - Matateco, Nah. Slightly altered form of _matataca_, to beg, - to pray, possibly by the addition of the Spanish - personal pronoun, I, "yo." - - Mayagua, _or_ Mayague, Nah. Apparently the sign of the - optative, _mayacuele_, and expressive of a wish; - _yecuel_, in Nah., also conveys the idea of promptness - and earliness (Carochi, _Gram. Mex._, p. 175). - - Melague, _or_ Melagua, Nah. A form of _melaua_, to say - clearly, to speak openly. The termination _que_, in - Nah., marks the plural of certain nouns and tenses. - - Miscuales, Nah. From _miequilia_, to prosper, augment, - increase. - - Mispiales, Nah. From _miecpialia_, to watch over, guard, - protect. In both the above words, the prefix is _miec_, - much, used as an intensive particle. - - Mo, Nah. Second person, sing., of the inseparable possessive - pronoun, _no_, my, _mo_, thy, _y_, his, _to_, our, - _amo_, your, _yn_, their. _Mo_ is also the reflexive - pronoun of the third person singular, and appears to be - occasionally used in the Güegüence as the possessive of - the third person, probably from analogy with the Spanish - _su_. - - Mocegua, _or_ Mosegua, Nah. Apparently from _mocenchiua_, to - unite in doing something. The _n_ is euphonic, the - composition being _ce_, one, and _achiua_, to do. - - Mohino, Sp. Applied to a mule proceeding from a stud and a - jenny; also, peevish, cross. - - Mollule, _or_ Muyule, Nah. Apparently from _molotl_, smart, - clever, crafty; itself a derivative from _yollo_, able, - ingenious, talented. - - Monistilco, Nah. Apparently from _monetli_, son-in-law, with - the postposition _co_, for, by, etc. - - Mosamonte, Nah. _mocemati_, presumptuously, too boldly. - - Motales, _or_ Motalce, Nah. Derivatives, apparently, from - _motlaloa_, to run, to carry messages, with the - signification messengers. - - Motel, Nah. p. 38. An interrogative negative particle, - properly _monel_. - - Moto, Sp. prov. Noisy, rowdyish; a noisy, blustering person. - "El muchacho mal criado que motea." (Berendt, _La Lengua - Castellana de Nicaragua_, MSS.) - - Muchintes, The Sp. _mucho_, much, with the Nah. augmentative - termination _tzin_, == very much, very extensive. Or - else, the pure Nah. _muchintin_, all, plural of - _muchi_.--Olmos, _Gram. Nahuatl_, p. 48. - - Mudanzas, Sp. prov. The motions in a dance. - - Muyule, _see_ Mollule. - - -N - - Necana, Nah. From _nequanaliztli_, dancing motions, as are - used in _bailes_. - - Neganeme, _see_ Asaniganeme. - - Negua, Nah. If a separate word, this is probably from - _neci_, to disclose oneself, to show oneself; it is, - however, a doubtful expression. - - Negualigua, Nah. From _necuilhuia_, to bargain, to deal for. - - Neme, Nah. From _nemi_, to live, to be (Sp. _estar_), to - dwell. - - Nemo, _see_ Niqui. - - Niqui, Nah. Found in the construction _nemo niqui_, which - should probably read _ni monequi_, it is proper for me, - becoming or necessary. Sp. _me conviene_. - - Nistipampa, Nah. The postposition _pampa_, _ixtli_, the - face, and the first possessive pronoun _no_. The - compound means "I, present," or "in my presence." - Carochi, _Gram. Mex._, p. 45. - - No, Nah. First person, singular, of the inseparable - possessive pronoun. See _mo_. It is also used for the - Spanish negative, _no_, not, throughout the play. - - Ñonguan, page 28. An unknown word which, from its initial - nasal, has the appearance of being from the Mangue - tongue, in which this sound is very common. - - -O - - Opa, Nah., _oppa_, twice. - - -P - - Pachaca, Nah. A derivative from _pachiui_, to stuff with - food, to satisfy the appetite, etc. The verbal nouns - ending in _ca_ or _can_ usually signify place where, - but this is to be considered a verbal adjective, from - the pluperfect _pachiuhca_. - - Pachigue, _or_ Pachiguete, Nah. From _pachiuitia_, to - satisfy a person. The frequent expression, _pachigue no - pachiguete_, should probably be punctuated _pachigue_? - _No pachigutee_, == Satisfied? No, you do not satisfy - me. - - Paguala, p. 36, Nah. A truncated word. Compare _a sones - sepaguala_, p. 34, and _a sonesepa negualigua_, p. 28. - - Palegue, _see_ Panegue. - - Palparesia, Nah. From _papal_, or _papallotl_, talk, - conversation. Sp. _parleria_. No doubt an onomatopoietic - word, like the English babble, Hebrew, Babel, which it - resembles, both in pronunciation and meaning. - - Paltechua, Nah. From _paleuhqui_, favorable, advantageous or - appropriate things. See page 76. - - Paneguia, _or_ Panegue, _or_ Palegue, Nah. From _panauia_, - to get the better of another, to overcome, conquer. The - termination, _gue_, or _guia_, in this and other verbal - forms, is one of past time in the Nahuatl. See Carochi, - _Gram. Mex._, p. 54. - - Peinador, p. 70. Perhaps the Spanish word so spelled, which - means a hairdresser, and hence an effeminate person. But - it may be a Spanish form from the Nah. _pinauhtia_, to - put another to the blush, or out of countenance, the - compulsive form of _pinaua_, to be ashamed. - - Perico ligero, Sp. prov. In Nicaragua, the night-monkey, - _Cercoleptes caudivolvulus_, which has sharp claws. It - is elsewhere applied to a species of parrot, and to the - bee bear, _Myrmecophaga_, (Berendt, _Lengua Castellana - de Nicaragua_, MSS). - - Petaca, Nah. From _petlacalli_, a box, trunk or chest; - especially a square basket, with a lid; "cajon - quadrangular con tapa, hecho de palma" (Berendt, _id_). - - Petate, Nah., _petlatli_, the native rug or mat, woven of - palm leaves or rushes. - - Pilse, Nah., _piltzin_, son, vocative, _piltze_. See page - 75. - - Polluse, _or_ Poyuse, Nah. Apparently a form of poa, to - tell, relate, give an account, preterit, _pouh_, - _pouhca_. - - -Q - - Qui, Sp., who; also at times for Sp. _aqui_, here. - - Quichuas, Nah. Probably a derivative from _achiua_, to do or - make. Compare _Lichua_. - - Quilis, Nah., _qualli_, good, well. - - Quinimente, Nah., _quin_, he, those, _aquin_, who. It would - seem to be a demonstrative form, but its analysis is - obscure. - - Quinquimagua, Nah. A compound of _macua_, to give, to - concede, with the pronouns _quin_ or _aquin_. - - -R - - Rebiatar, Sp. prov. To tie behind, as the muleteers tie one - mule in the line to the mule in front of it. - - Recua, Sp. prov. A team, or line, of mules. - - Remates, Sp. prov. The finishing steps, or closing figures - of a dance. - - Riñonada. The hinder portion of a horse or mule, over which - passes one of the harness straps. - - Rujeros, Sp. prov. for _rugidos_, bellowings or shoutings. - The name of a tune. - - -S - - Sagua, p. 34. A mutilated word; see _Melague_. - - Sapatetas, Sp. prov. for _zapatetas_, from _zapato_, a shoe. - Shoe-slappings, the name of the figures in a rough, - noisy dance. - - Samo, Nah., p. 8. Probably some compound of _amo_, no, not. - - Semula, Sp. prov. for _similar_, like, similar to. - - Seno, Sp. prov. for _sin_, without. - - Sepaguala, Nah. See _Paguala_. - - Sepanegaligua, Nah. A compound of _calaquia_, to enter, with - some prefix, as _cepan_, together, or _ixpan_, in the - presence of some one. - - Sesule, Nah. A compound of _tçulli_, good for nothing, - worthless, perhaps with _ce_, one, or _te_, some one. It - is an adjective, applied in a depreciatory manner to the - Güegüence. - - Sicana, Nah. See _Cana_. - - Silguerio, Sp. prov. for _xilguero_, a linnet, or thrush. - - Simocague, Nah. Imperative form of _mocaua_, to pause, - suspend, cease. See page 75. - - Sobornal, Sp. The excess or addition to a load. - - Sones, Sp. Tunes, music. - - -T - - Tatita, Sp. Little papa. A diminutive of endearment. It - could also be derived from the Nah. _tatli_, father. - - Tecetales, _or_ Tesetales, Nah. From _tetzauia_, to be a - shame, to be scandalous. - - Tecomajoche, Nah., _tecomatl_, vase, _xochitl_, flower; a - tree bearing small white flowers, a species of - _Plumiera_, allied to the East Indian "temple tree." - - Teguane, Nah. Form of _tehuantin_, pronoun, first person - plural, we, us. - - Ticino, Nah., _ticitl_, a native doctor, a charlatan; one - who casts lots for divination; a personal form, from - _ticiti_, might be _ticitoni_. - - Tiguala, Nah. A compound of _ti_, thou, and _qualli_, good - or well. See note, page 75. - - Tiguita, Nah. A word of uncertain meaning, pages 46, 48, in - the phrase _mollule tiguita_. It may be a first person - plural, from _quixtia_, _tic quixtia_, we do our duty, - we do our best. - - Timaguas, Nah. Either from _temaca_, to give something to - another; or from _temachti_, a teacher, an instructor. - - Tin, Sp. A form for _tener_, to have. It stands in different - passages for _tiene_, _tenemos_, and _tienen_, and is a - good illustration of the wearing away of forms in this - mixed dialect. - - Tinderia, Sp. for _tenderia_, a shop, booth or tent, in - which wares are displayed for sale. - - Totolatera, Nah. From _tototl_, a bird or fowl; _petaca - totolatera_, a basket for carrying fowls. - - Tumaguiso, Nah. A compound of _tuma_, to untie, open, and - _quiça_, a verbal termination, which signifies a - performance of the action of the verb to which it is - added.--Olmos, _Gram. Nah._, p. 157. - - Tumiles, Nah. An adjective from the same root as - _tomanaliztli_, fatness, corpulence, and signifies - abounding, abundant. - - Tunal, Sp. prov., from a Haytian (Arawack) word. It means a - plantation of the native American cactus figs, or - prickly pears. See page 80. - - Tupile, Nah. An officer of justice, an alcalde or alguacil. - From _topilê_, he who carries a staff; _topilli_, staff, - this being the badge of the office. - - -V - - Vaticola, Sp. prov. The posterior of an animal; the crupper - region. Possibly from _veta di cola_, vein of the tail. - - Velancicos, Sp. prov. for _villancicos_, rustic songs sung - at the doors of the brotherhoods (_cofradias_) at - certain festivals (Berendt, _Leng. Castel. de - Nicaragua_, MSS). - - -Y - - Ya. Interjection. You there! Yes, there! - - - - -INDEX. - - - Alva, B. de, xlv. - - Anahuac, v, vi, vii. - - Antepeque, 79 - - Arawack language, xx. - - Ayacachtli, the, xxxvi. - - Aymaras, xv. - - Aztecs, v, xvi. - migrations of, vi. - - - Baker, Theodore, xxxviii. - - Bancroft, H. H., ix. - - Baptista, J., xlviii. - - Balsam Coast, the, xxxvi. - - Barber, E. A., xxxiii, xxxviii. - - Benzoni, G., xi, xvi, xxii, xliv. - - Berendt, C. H., v, vi, xi, xxv, xxxi, xli. - - Bertonio, L., xv. - - Bobadilla, F. de, vii. - - Brantford, Dr. J. F., x, xxxv. - - Brasseur de Bourbourg, xliii. - - Buschmann, vii, xi. - - - Cacho, the, xxxvii. - - Canahuate, dance, xxvi. - - Carimba, the, xxxvi. - - Carochi, H., xvi, 75, 77. - - Chapanecs, H., viii, ix, xxii, xxxix. - - Chiapanec, see Chapanecs. - - Chiapas, ix. - - Chilchil, the, xxxvi. - - Chinegritos, Los, xxvi. - - Chirimoya, the, xxxviii. - - Cholotecans, vi, n, viii. - - Cholula, derivation, viii. - - Chorotegans, _see_ Cholotecans. - - Cofradias, the, xxxix. - - Coreal, F., xxii, xliv. - - Cuscatlan, vi. - - - Delpino, F., 78. - - Denis, F., 79. - - Dirians, viii. - - Drums, xxx. - - Duran, D., xxi, xxx, xliv, xlviii, 82. - - - Feather weaving, 79. - - Flint, Dr. Earl, x, xxxix, xli. - - Flutes, xxxv. - - Fonseca Bay, viii. - - - Gage, Thomas, xxii, 79. - - Gatschet, A. S., xxxviii. - - Giron, J. A., 80. - - Gollena, Dr., xviii. - - Gomara, vii. - - Güegüence, - Play described, xli. - Derivation, xlv. - Story of, xlviii. - - - Haefkens, J., xxiv. - - Honduras, xvii. - - - Icazbalceta, J. G., xlviii. - - - Juco, the, xxxv. - - - Kekchis, xlii. - - Kiches, xliii. - - - Lacandons, xxxviii. - - Las Inditas, xxx. - - Lessing, G. C., xlvi. - - Levy, Pablo, xxiv, xxx, xliii. - - Logas, xxv. - - - Machete, the, 81. - - Macho-Raton, the, xlviii. - - Maguateca, vii. - - Malinche, air of, xxxviii. - - Managua, Lake, viii. - Province, xi, xxxi. - - Mangue language, xi, xiii. - - Mangues, v, viii, xxii. - - Marimba, the, xxviii. - - Masaya, viii, xvii. - - Mayas, ix. - - Mice, superstitions about, xlviii. - - Morelet, A., xxx, xxxviii. - - - Nahuas, v. - - Nahuatl language, v, vi, xiii. - - Nahuatl Spanish jargon, xxi. - - Namotiva, xxx. - - Navarro, J. M., xxxix. - - Negritos, dance, xxvi. - - Nets, for burdens, 77. - - Nicaragua, v. - Derivation of, vi. - Lake of, v, xi. - - Nicaraguans, vi. - - Nicaraos, vi. - - Nicoya, Gulf of, v, viii, xxxv. - - Niquirans, v, vi. - - - Ollita, Dance of, xxvi. - - Ollita, instrument, xxxi. - - Ometepec, Island, xi, xxxi. - - Oviedo, F. de, v, viii, xi, xix, xxi. - - - Perez, Geronimo, xix. - - Peru, xv, xxxi. - - Pito, the, xxxiii. - - Plow, Nicaraguan, 80. - - - Qquichua Language, xvi. - - Quijongo, the, xxxvi. - - - Remesal, P. F., ix. - - Rocha, J. E. de la, xii. - - - Salazar, F. C., xlviii. - - Squier, E. G., v, vi, x, 79. - - Suchi-Malinche, Derivation of, xlvii. - - - Tastuanes, derivation of, xlvii. - - Tecoatega, xx. - - Tecoantepeque, 79. - - Tempsky, Von, xxviii, xxxviii. - - Ternaux-Compans, vii, ix. - - Ticknor, George, xxv, xliv. - - Ticomega, vii. - - Titicaca, Lake, xv. - - Toro-Guaca, dance of, xxvi. - - Torquemada, vii, ix. - - - Uluas, xliii. - - Urrutia, J. A., xxiii. - - - Vasquez, F., vi, xxii. - - Valentine, F. H., 76, 82. - - Valentine, P. J. J., ix. - - Vera Paz, Province, xxxviii. - - - Whistles, xxxiii, xxxv. - - - Zapatero, Island, xxxiii. - - -Transcriber's Note: - -Original spelling has been preserved, as have any inconsistencies. - -Minor punctuation errors have been repaired. - -In this etext a superscript character is represented by ^. Two -superscripted letters are surrounded by { }. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Güegüence; A Comedy Ballet in the -Nahuatl-Spanish Dialect of Nicaragua, by Daniel G. 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Brinton + The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Güegüence; A Comedy Ballet in the Nahuatl-Spanish Dialect of Nicaragua, Edited by Daniel G. Brinton </title> <style type="text/css"> @@ -153,45 +153,7 @@ table { </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Güegüence; A Comedy Ballet in the -Nahuatl-Spanish Dialect of Nicaragua, by Daniel G. Brinton - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The Güegüence; A Comedy Ballet in the Nahuatl-Spanish Dialect of Nicaragua - -Author: Daniel G. Brinton - -Release Date: August 22, 2012 [EBook #40559] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GUEGUENCE; A COMEDY BALLET *** - - - - -Produced by Andrea Ball, David Starner and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 40559 ***</div> <div class="figcenter" style="width: 413px;"> <img src="images/i001.png" width="413" height="480" alt="A MANGUE INDIAN RECITING A LOGA. See page XXV." title="" /> @@ -210,7 +172,7 @@ NUMBER III.</p> <p> </p> -<h1>THE GÜEGÜENCE;</h1> +<h1>THE GÃœEGÃœENCE;</h1> <h2>A COMEDY BALLET</h2> @@ -303,7 +265,7 @@ of whom have passed considerable periods in Central America.</p> <tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#INTRODUCTION"><i>Introduction.</i></a></td><td class="tdr">PAGE</td></tr> -<tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#SECTION_I">§ 1. <i>The Nahuas and Mangues of Nicaragua.</i></a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#SECTION_I">§ 1. <i>The Nahuas and Mangues of Nicaragua.</i></a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Location of the Nahuas of Nicaragua,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Derivation of the word <i>Nicaragua</i>,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_v">v</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Origin of the Nicaraguan Nahuas,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_vi">vi</a></td></tr> @@ -321,7 +283,7 @@ America, with the Aymara, of Peru,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xv">xv</a> <tr><td>Development of the Nahuatl-Spanish jargon,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xvii">xvii</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Specimens of it,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xvii">xvii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#SECTION_II">§ 2. <i>The Bailes or Dramatic Dances of Nicaragua.</i></a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xix">xix</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#SECTION_II">§ 2. <i>The Bailes or Dramatic Dances of Nicaragua.</i></a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xix">xix</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Oviedo's description,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xx">xx</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Symbolism of the dance,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Benzoni's description,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xxii">xxii</a></td></tr> @@ -336,7 +298,7 @@ America, with the Aymara, of Peru,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xv">xv</a> <tr><td>Toro-Guaca and other dances,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xxvi">xxvi</a></td></tr> <tr><td>The drama of the Ollita,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xxvii">xxvii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#SECTION_III">§ 3. <i>Nicaraguan Musical Instruments and Music.</i></a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xviii">xviii</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#SECTION_III">§ 3. <i>Nicaraguan Musical Instruments and Music.</i></a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xviii">xviii</a></td></tr> <tr><td>The Marimba, its form and origin,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xxviii">xxviii</a></td></tr> <tr><td>The Drum,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xxx">xxx</a></td></tr> <tr><td>The Ollita or Musical Jar,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xxxi">xxxi</a></td></tr> @@ -350,9 +312,9 @@ America, with the Aymara, of Peru,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xv">xv</a> <tr><td>Character of native music,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xxxvii">xxxvii</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Air of the Malinche,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xxxviii">xxxviii</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Choruses and Cofradias,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xxxviii">xxxviii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td>Melodies from the Güegüence,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xl">xl</a></td></tr> +<tr><td>Melodies from the Güegüence,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xl">xl</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#SECTION_IV">§ 4. <i>History of the "Baile del Güegüence."</i></a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xli">xli</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#SECTION_IV">§ 4. <i>History of the "Baile del Güegüence."</i></a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xli">xli</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Whence the text was obtained,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xli">xli</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Time and manner of its rehearsal,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xli">xli</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Age of the play,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xlii">xlii</a></td></tr> @@ -361,8 +323,8 @@ America, with the Aymara, of Peru,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xv">xv</a> <tr><td>Native plots of similar character,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xliv">xliv</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Native comedians,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xlv">xlv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#SECTION_V">§ 5. <i>The Dramatis Personæ of the Güegüence.</i></a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xlv">xlv</a></td></tr> -<tr><td>The Güegüence,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xlv">xlv</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#SECTION_V">§ 5. <i>The Dramatis Personæ of the Güegüence.</i></a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xlv">xlv</a></td></tr> +<tr><td>The Güegüence,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xlv">xlv</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Derivation of the name,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xlv">xlv</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Character,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xlv">xlv</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Malicious humor,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xlvi">xlvi</a></td></tr> @@ -377,11 +339,11 @@ America, with the Aymara, of Peru,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xv">xv</a> <tr><td>The mules,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xlvii">xlvii</a></td></tr> <tr><td>Their costume,</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xlviii">xlviii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#SECTION_VI">§ 6. <i>Epitome of the Story of the Güegüence.</i></a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xlviii">xlviii</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#SECTION_VI">§ 6. <i>Epitome of the Story of the Güegüence.</i></a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_xlviii">xlviii</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#THE_GUEGUENCE">THE GÜEGÜENCE; A COMEDY.</a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_3">3</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#THE_GUEGUENCE">THE GÃœEGÃœENCE; A COMEDY.</a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_3">3</a></td></tr> -<tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#NOTES"><i>Notes to the Güegüence.</i></a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#NOTES"><i>Notes to the Güegüence.</i></a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td></tr> <tr><td class="clarge"><a href="#VOCABULARY"><i>Vocabulary.</i></a></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_83">83</a></td></tr> @@ -437,7 +399,7 @@ their Neighbors.</span><span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></span></ <p><span class="smcap">Air of Malinche.</span><span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_xxxviii">xxxviii</a></span><br /> <span class="ralign"><i>From Morelet's Voyage.</i></span></p> <br /> -<p><span class="smcap">Melodies from Güegüence.</span><span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_xl">xl</a></span><br /> +<p><span class="smcap">Melodies from Güegüence.</span><span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_xl">xl</a></span><br /> <span class="ralign"><i>Original furnished by Dr. E. Flint.</i></span></p> <br /> <p><span class="smcap">Earthenware Cup from Nicaragua.</span><span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_78">lxxviii</a></span><br /> @@ -457,7 +419,7 @@ their Neighbors.</span><span class="ralign"><a href="#Page_xii">xii</a></span></ <h2><a name="INTRODUCTION" id="INTRODUCTION"></a>INTRODUCTION.</h2> -<p class="blarge"><a name="SECTION_I" id="SECTION_I"></a>§ 1. <i>The Nahuas and Mangues of Nicaragua.</i></p> +<p class="blarge"><a name="SECTION_I" id="SECTION_I"></a>§ 1. <i>The Nahuas and Mangues of Nicaragua.</i></p> <p>Among the outlying colonies of that important people @@ -543,7 +505,7 @@ lands.<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class be intruders, such appears not to have been the case with their immediate neighbors to the northeast and southwest. These were of one blood and language, and called themselves -<i>mánkeme</i>, rulers, masters, which the Spaniards corrupted into +<i>mánkeme</i>, rulers, masters, which the Spaniards corrupted into <i>Mangues</i>.<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> The invading Aztecs appear to have split this ancient tribe into two fractions, the one driven toward the south, about the Gulf of Nicoya, the other northward, on @@ -698,16 +660,16 @@ the manuscripts of Dr. Berendt now in my possession.</p> <tr><td>Eye,</td><td>nahte.</td><td>nate.</td></tr> <tr><td>Ear,</td><td>nyujui.</td><td>nojŭa.</td></tr> <tr><td>Foot,</td><td>ngra.</td><td>taku.</td></tr> -<tr><td>Ruler (or chief),</td><td>mánkeme.</td><td>d[chi]amá<br /> <i>or</i> mangheme</td></tr> -<tr><td>Dog,</td><td>nyumbí.</td><td>numbí.</td></tr> +<tr><td>Ruler (or chief),</td><td>mánkeme.</td><td>d[chi]amá<br /> <i>or</i> mangheme</td></tr> +<tr><td>Dog,</td><td>nyumbÃ.</td><td>numbÃ.</td></tr> <tr><td>Mouse,</td><td>nangi.</td><td>nangi.</td></tr> <tr><td>Bird,</td><td>nyuri.</td><td>nuri.</td></tr> -<tr><td>Snake,</td><td>nule.</td><td>nulú.</td></tr> -<tr><td>Fire,</td><td>nyayu.</td><td>nĭĭú.</td></tr> +<tr><td>Snake,</td><td>nule.</td><td>nulú.</td></tr> +<tr><td>Fire,</td><td>nyayu.</td><td>nĭĭú.</td></tr> <tr><td>Water,</td><td>nimbu.</td><td>nimbu.</td></tr> <tr><td>House,</td><td>nangu.</td><td>nangu.</td></tr> <tr><td>Maize,</td><td>nama.</td><td>nama.</td></tr> -<tr><td>Wind,</td><td>nitĭú.</td><td>tijú.</td></tr> +<tr><td>Wind,</td><td>nitĭú.</td><td>tijú.</td></tr> <tr><td>Hill,</td><td>diri, tiri.</td><td>dili.</td></tr> <tr><td>One,</td><td>tike.</td><td>tike.</td></tr> <tr><td>Two,</td><td>jami.</td><td>jumiji.</td></tr> @@ -759,7 +721,7 @@ America with the Aymara of Peru"> <tr><td>Father,</td><td>poua (C).</td><td>pucara.</td></tr> <tr><td>Man,</td><td>naha (C).</td><td>chacha.</td></tr> -<tr><td>Child,</td><td>nasungi (N).</td><td>iñasu.</td></tr> +<tr><td>Child,</td><td>nasungi (N).</td><td>iñasu.</td></tr> <tr><td>Ear,</td><td>nyuhui (N).</td><td>hinchu.</td></tr> <tr><td>Eye,</td><td>nahte (N).</td><td>nahui.</td></tr> <tr><td>Bone,</td><td>nyui (N).</td><td>cayu.</td></tr> @@ -769,18 +731,18 @@ America with the Aymara of Peru"> <tr><td>Wind,</td><td>tihu (C).</td><td>thaa.</td></tr> <tr><td>Feathers,</td><td>lari (C).</td><td>lauralua (colored).</td></tr> <tr><td>Maize,</td><td>nama (C).</td><td>ccama.</td></tr> -<tr><td>Earth,</td><td>nekapu (C).</td><td>ñeke, clay, yapu, soil.</td></tr> +<tr><td>Earth,</td><td>nekapu (C).</td><td>ñeke, clay, yapu, soil.</td></tr> <tr><td>Sky,</td><td>naku paju (C).</td><td>hanac (<i>or</i> alakh) pacha.</td></tr> <tr><td>Blind,</td><td>saapi (C).</td><td>saapi.</td></tr> <tr><td>Dumb,</td><td>napamu (C).</td><td>amu.</td></tr> -<tr><td>Great,</td><td>yáka (C).</td><td>haccha.</td></tr> -<tr><td>Bitter,</td><td>átsi (C).</td><td>cata.</td></tr> +<tr><td>Great,</td><td>yáka (C).</td><td>haccha.</td></tr> +<tr><td>Bitter,</td><td>átsi (C).</td><td>cata.</td></tr> <tr><td>Dead,</td><td>tuhua (C).</td><td>hihua.</td></tr> <tr><td>To eat,</td><td>koita (N).</td><td>kauita (to eat apples, etc).</td></tr> <tr><td>Food,</td><td>nomota (C).</td><td>mamata.</td></tr> <tr><td>To go,</td><td>ota (C).</td><td>aatha.</td></tr> -<tr><td>Thou,</td><td>çimo (C).</td><td>huma.</td></tr> -<tr><td>You (pl),</td><td>çimecmo (C).</td><td>humasa.</td></tr> +<tr><td>Thou,</td><td>çimo (C).</td><td>huma.</td></tr> +<tr><td>You (pl),</td><td>çimecmo (C).</td><td>humasa.</td></tr> </table> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xvi" id="Page_xvi">[xvi]</a></span></p> @@ -881,9 +843,9 @@ in italic are either Nahuatl or Mangue:—</p> <p style="margin-left: 4em;"> "<i>Casahuyano</i>, mi amor,<br /> -Por vos esté <i>payaneado</i>.<br /> +Por vos esté <i>payaneado</i>.<br /> No seas <i>tilinte</i>, mi bien."<br /> -"Se <i>selegue</i>, dueño amado."<br /> +"Se <i>selegue</i>, dueño amado."<br /> </p> <p style="margin-left: 2em;"> "My love, between girlhood and womanhood,<br /> @@ -897,10 +859,10 @@ his devotion with more force than elegance, has the following verse:—</p> <p style="margin-left: 2em;"> -"O fuera yo <i>carángano</i>,<br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">En tus <i>cojines</i> me metería</span><br /> +"O fuera yo <i>carángano</i>,<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">En tus <i>cojines</i> me meterÃa</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Para servirte todo el dia.</span><br /> -Te ama este zángano."<br /> +Te ama este zángano."<br /> </p> <p>Which may be freely rendered—</p> @@ -912,7 +874,7 @@ Te ama este zángano."<br /> This lazy fellow loves you so."<br /> </p> -<p>The <i>carángano</i> is the name of a species of louse, and the +<p>The <i>carángano</i> is the name of a species of louse, and the <i>cojines</i> are the little pads or cushions which women wear in their hair.</p> @@ -921,7 +883,7 @@ been composed, and, indeed, the licentiate Geronimo Perez, of Masaya, is stated to have printed in it a political pamphlet, which I regret not to have been able to obtain.</p> -<p>Such is the jargon in which the <i>Güegüence</i> is written, and +<p>Such is the jargon in which the <i>Güegüence</i> is written, and although this medley of tongues can claim no position of dignity in the hierarchy of languages, it has its own peculiar points of interest, as illustrating the laws of the degradation—which @@ -931,7 +893,7 @@ literary effort, we must review the development of scenic representations in that part of the New World.</p> -<p class="blarge"><a name="SECTION_II" id="SECTION_II"></a>§ 2. <i>The Bailes, or Dramatic Dances of Nicaragua.</i></p> +<p class="blarge"><a name="SECTION_II" id="SECTION_II"></a>§ 2. <i>The Bailes, or Dramatic Dances of Nicaragua.</i></p> <p>The historian, Fernandez de Oviedo, who was in Nicaragua in 1529, gives a long account of the dramatic representations, @@ -1101,14 +1063,14 @@ incurring blame or exciting jealousy.</p> theatre is extemporized, music is provided, and the actor comes forward, arrayed in some odd garb, and recites a sort of poem, with gestures and dancing movements. The text -of one of these was obtained at Namotivá by Dr. Berendt, -and is in my possession. It is entitled, <i>Loga del Niño Dios</i>, +of one of these was obtained at Namotivá by Dr. Berendt, +and is in my possession. It is entitled, <i>Loga del Niño Dios</i>, and contains about two hundred lines. The language is a corrupt Spanish, with a number of Mangue words interspersed. The exordium reads—</p> <p style="margin-left: 2em;"> -"Atienda, Señores,<br /> +"Atienda, Señores,<br /> Pongan atencion<br /> Del Mangue tiyo Pegro<br /> La conversacion."<br /> @@ -1145,7 +1107,7 @@ or <i>yeguita</i>, the mare. He is in a framework of cane adorned with women's skirts and colored handkerchiefs, supposed to represent some animal. There is no fixed day for the dance, but it is usually carried out in fulfillment of a vow. A variety -of this <i>baile</i>, called <i>Chinegritos à caballo</i>, is performed by +of this <i>baile</i>, called <i>Chinegritos à caballo</i>, is performed by mounted actors, in brilliant costumes, with gaily caparisoned horses. They are accompanied by music, and draw up in front of a house, where they sing a song with a monotonous @@ -1187,11 +1149,11 @@ by the clergy, and offer little of interest. But some were of a secular character, and appear to refer to historical events.</p> -<p>One was The <i>Ollita</i> or <i>Cañahuate</i>. It was acted in the +<p>One was The <i>Ollita</i> or <i>Cañahuate</i>. It was acted in the Mangue tongue at Masaya as late as 1822, but the text is, unfortunately, lost. The <i>Ollita</i> is the name of the whistling jar, on which, and on the drum, a lugubrious musical accompaniment -was played. The name <i>Cañahuate</i> is said to have +was played. The name <i>Cañahuate</i> is said to have been that of a dialect of the Mangue. The plot turned on a proposed marriage between an old man, richly dressed in Spanish garb, and a native princess. The chorus and assistants @@ -1200,7 +1162,7 @@ to point to an early date as that of the supposed transaction.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxviii" id="Page_xxviii">[xxviii]</a></span><br /></p> -<p class="blarge"><a name="SECTION_III" id="SECTION_III"></a>§ 3. <i>Nicaraguan Musical Instruments and Music.</i></p> +<p class="blarge"><a name="SECTION_III" id="SECTION_III"></a>§ 3. <i>Nicaraguan Musical Instruments and Music.</i></p> <p>The musical instruments of the natives of Nicaragua, mentioned by Oviedo, are drums, flutes of reeds, and <i>excoletes</i>, or @@ -1486,7 +1448,7 @@ What brings this air into relation to my present theme is the singular fact that it was known as <i>la Malinche</i>, but Morelet could not learn from what connection.<a name="FNanchor_41_41" id="FNanchor_41_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_41_41" class="fnanchor">[41]</a> Quite possibly it was from the character of that name in the play of -<i>Güegüence</i>.</p> +<i>Güegüence</i>.</p> <div class="figcenter" style="width: 458px;"> <img src="images/i039.png" width="458" height="120" alt="MALINCHE." title="" /> @@ -1495,7 +1457,7 @@ possibly it was from the character of that name in the play of <p>In the public <i>bailes</i> in ancient times, as we are informed by both Oviedo and Benzoni, the musicians were separated from the singers and other performers, forming an actual orchestra, -and this is also intimated in the Güegüence. Having thus the +and this is also intimated in the Güegüence. Having thus the position of a class by themselves, it may fairly be presumed that they cultivated with assiduity their peculiar art.</p> @@ -1510,7 +1472,7 @@ was preserved. By the loss of influence of the church at the separation of the colonies from the mother country, the <i>cofradias</i> were mostly dissolved.<a name="FNanchor_42_42" id="FNanchor_42_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_42_42" class="fnanchor">[42]</a></p> -<p>The music which accompanies the ballets in the Güegüence +<p>The music which accompanies the ballets in the Güegüence has been written down, and is familiar to many in Nicaragua. I have obtained a portion of it, through the obliging efforts of Dr. Earl Flint, of Rivas, an earnest cultivator in the field @@ -1527,12 +1489,12 @@ specimen of it. (See p. <a href="#Page_xl">xl</a>.)</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xli" id="Page_xli">[xli]</a></span><br /></p> -<p class="blarge"><a name="SECTION_IV" id="SECTION_IV"></a>§ 4. <i>History of the</i> "<i>Baile del Güegüence.</i>"</p> +<p class="blarge"><a name="SECTION_IV" id="SECTION_IV"></a>§ 4. <i>History of the</i> "<i>Baile del Güegüence.</i>"</p> <p>Among the scenic representations which have been preserved by the descendants of the Mangues, in the ancient province of Masaya, the only one of length which has been -committed to writing is the <i>Baile del Güegüence, ô Macho-Raton</i>. +committed to writing is the <i>Baile del Güegüence, ô Macho-Raton</i>. Several copies of this exist in manuscript, and from a comparison of two of them the late Dr. C. H. Berendt obtained, in 1874, the text which is printed in this volume. @@ -1565,7 +1527,7 @@ will probably not again be brought out, at least, in full.</p> <p>How far beyond the close of the last century we should <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xlii" id="Page_xlii">[xlii]</a></span> -place the composition of the Güegüence is a difficult question. +place the composition of the Güegüence is a difficult question. Dr. Berendt, basing his opinion on what he could learn by local tradition, on the archaisms of the Spanish construction, and on other internal evidence, referred it in general terms @@ -1587,16 +1549,16 @@ will give these first.</p> <p>All the dramas, so far as I know, which were introduced by the Spanish priests as substitutes for the native <i>bailes</i>, are either religious or instructive in aim. As the Germans say, -they are strongly <i>tendenciös</i>. Such are the <i>Baile de St. Martin</i>, +they are strongly <i>tendenciös</i>. Such are the <i>Baile de St. Martin</i>, which gives scenes from the life of the saint, and in which a wheel, called the <i>horquilla</i>, covered with feathers and flowers, is drawn along; the <i>Baile de los Cinco Pares de Francia</i>, which sets forth the conquest of the infidel Moors by the Christians, both of which plays have been popular in Nicaragua; among the Kekchis, of Coban, the <i>Baile de Moros y Cristianos</i>, similar -to the last mentioned; the <i>Zaki-Koxol, ô Baile de Cortes</i>, in +to the last mentioned; the <i>Zaki-Koxol, ô Baile de Cortes</i>, in Kiche, a copy of which I have, and the like. But in the -<i>Güegüence</i> there is absolutely no moral purpose nor religious +<i>Güegüence</i> there is absolutely no moral purpose nor religious tone; so much, indeed, of the reverse, that we cannot conceive of its introduction by a priest.</p> @@ -1608,7 +1570,7 @@ however, in several striking and fundamental features, from the Spanish models, and these differences are precisely those which would flow from the native habits of thought. I would note, first, that while females are introduced, they are strictly -<i>mutæ personæ</i>, even the heroine not speaking a word; that +<i>mutæ personæ</i>, even the heroine not speaking a word; that there are no monologues nor soliloquies; that there is no separation into scenes, the action being continuous throughout; that there is neither prologue, epilogue nor chorus; and @@ -1620,7 +1582,7 @@ to write at all, would exhibit.</p> <p>Furthermore, the "business" of the play is strictly within the range of the native thought and emotion. The admiration -of the coarse cunning and impudent knavery of Güegüence +of the coarse cunning and impudent knavery of Güegüence is precisely what we see in the modern camp-fire tales of Michabo among the Algonkins, of Tezcatlipoca among the Aztecs, and of a score of other heroes. It is of a piece @@ -1628,7 +1590,7 @@ with the delight which our own ancestors derived from the trickeries of Reynard the Fox.</p> <p>The devices for exciting laughter are scarcely more than -three in number; one the assumed deafness of the Güegüence, +three in number; one the assumed deafness of the Güegüence, the second, a consequence of this, that he misunderstands, or pretends to, the words of the other actors, thus giving rise to amusing quid-pro-quos, and third, the introduction of obscene @@ -1643,7 +1605,7 @@ Benzoni and Coreal tell us that in the <i>bailes</i> in Nicaragua, which they witnessed, some of the actors pretended to be deaf, and others to be blind, so as to excite laughter by their mistakes.<a name="FNanchor_44_44" id="FNanchor_44_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_44_44" class="fnanchor">[44]</a> And Father Diego Duran tells us of a native -Mexican comedy, upon which this of Güegüence may, perhaps, +Mexican comedy, upon which this of Güegüence may, perhaps, have been founded, full of songs and coarse jests,<a name="FNanchor_45_45" id="FNanchor_45_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_45_45" class="fnanchor">[45]</a> in which the clown pretends to understand at cross purposes what his master orders, transforming his words into others like them. @@ -1673,15 +1635,15 @@ the production I now present.</p> <p>For these various reasons I class it among aboriginal productions.</p> <p> <br /></p> -<p class="blarge"><a name="SECTION_V" id="SECTION_V"></a>§ 5. <i>The Dramatis Personæ of The Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="blarge"><a name="SECTION_V" id="SECTION_V"></a>§ 5. <i>The Dramatis Personæ of The Güegüence.</i></p> <p>The central figure of the drama, and the personage from whom it derives its name, is -<i>The Güegüence.</i> This is a Nahuatl word, from the root +<i>The Güegüence.</i> This is a Nahuatl word, from the root <i>hue</i>, old; <i>huehue</i> is "old man;" to this is added what grammarians call the "reverencial" termination <i>tzin</i>, denoting reverence or affection, and we have, intercalating the euphonic -<i>n</i>, <i>huehuentzin</i>, which, in the vocative, becomes <i>huehuentzé</i>. +<i>n</i>, <i>huehuentzin</i>, which, in the vocative, becomes <i>huehuentzé</i>. It means, therefore, "the honored elder," or "the dear old man," and may be used, as it is in the play, either as a proper name or as a common noun. In his description of the Nahuas @@ -1715,15 +1677,15 @@ get the better of one's neighbor. This is strikingly shown by the number of words in the Nicaraguan patois which express such actions. Thus, <i>chamarrear</i> is to take advantage of some one by a joke; <i>trisca</i> is a conversation in which some -one is made ridiculous; <i>féfere</i> is an idle tale with which a +one is made ridiculous; <i>féfere</i> is an idle tale with which a hearer is cajoled; <i>dar un caritazo</i> is to deceive a person by a -trick, etc. This is the humor in the Güegüence. The old +trick, etc. This is the humor in the Güegüence. The old man nearly always has a selfish aim to gain by his jokes and his stories; they are intended to further his own interests, and, at the close of the play, he, on the whole, comes out victorious by these questionable measures.</p> -<p>As the drama was formerly represented, the Güegüence wore +<p>As the drama was formerly represented, the Güegüence wore the most magnificent apparel of any of the actors. Chains of gold, strings of silver coins, and ornaments of steel draped his person. Indeed, all the participants vied with each other @@ -1731,7 +1693,7 @@ in extravagant costumes. Their garments were fantastically adorned with feathers and flowers, and set off with sashes and handkerchiefs of brilliant colors.</p> -<p>The two sons of Güegüence, <i>Don Forcico</i> and <i>Don Ambrosio</i>, +<p>The two sons of Güegüence, <i>Don Forcico</i> and <i>Don Ambrosio</i>, are drawn in as strong contrast as possible. The former follows <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xlvii" id="Page_xlvii">[xlvii]</a></span> the paternal example faithfully, and sustains his parent @@ -1745,12 +1707,12 @@ any separation of interests.</p> costume, with a staff and sabre. His name, however, seems to be from the Nahuatl, probably a corruption of <i>tlatoani</i>, chief, lord.<a name="FNanchor_48_48" id="FNanchor_48_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_48_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a> He is little more than a lay figure, designed to -draw forth the ruses of Güegüence.</p> +draw forth the ruses of Güegüence.</p> <p>The <i>Alguacil</i>, the <i>Secretary</i> and <i>Registrar</i> appear in what is supposed to be full official dress, with their staffs of office.</p> -<p>The <i>mutæ personæ</i> of the drama are the women and the +<p>The <i>mutæ personæ</i> of the drama are the women and the <i>machos</i>, or mules. Of the former, only one is named, the lady <i>Suchi-Malinche</i>, daughter of the Governor. She enters clothed in a sort of tunic, fastened to her person with gay @@ -1762,7 +1724,7 @@ remembered, was the name of the famous Indian girl who served Cortes as interpreter in his first campaign in Mexico, and became his mistress. Some have supposed that it was a corruption of the Spanish Christian name <i>Marina</i>, but, as -Señor Icazbalceta has conclusively shown, it is the name of +Señor Icazbalceta has conclusively shown, it is the name of one of the days of the Aztec month, <i>malinalli</i>, with the termination <i>tzin</i>, signifying affection. It was the custom in Mexico and Central America, and still is in many parts, for the natives @@ -1793,7 +1755,7 @@ was attacked by mice, it indicated that the people of the house would be falsely accused of something.<a name="FNanchor_50_50" id="FNanchor_50_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_50_50" class="fnanchor">[50]</a></p> <p> <br/></p> -<p class="blarge"><a name="SECTION_VI" id="SECTION_VI"></a>§ 6. <i>Epitome of the Story of The Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="blarge"><a name="SECTION_VI" id="SECTION_VI"></a>§ 6. <i>Epitome of the Story of The Güegüence.</i></p> <div class="sidenotel">p. 6.</div> <div class="sidenotel">p. 8.</div> @@ -1808,11 +1770,11 @@ He also directs that no one shall be allowed to enter his province (or presence?) without a permit from the patrol. The Alguacil complains that their poverty is so great that they have no fit clothing, and lays the -blame on Güegüence. The Governor refers to -Güegüence in severe terms, and orders that he be +blame on Güegüence. The Governor refers to +Güegüence in severe terms, and orders that he be brought before him, by any means.</p> -<p>Güegüence, who with his two sons is within earshot, +<p>Güegüence, who with his two sons is within earshot, hears the Governor's orders, and pretends to think that it refers to a calf or a colt.</p> @@ -1826,26 +1788,26 @@ think that it refers to a calf or a colt.</p> <div class="sidenotel">p. 28.</div> <p>The Alguacil announces himself as a servant of -the Governor. Güegüence professes to understand +the Governor. Güegüence professes to understand that it is a female servant who desires to see him. The Alguacil corrects him in this, and informs him -that he is to fly to the Governor. Güegüence takes +that he is to fly to the Governor. Güegüence takes the word in its literal sense, and chaffs about an old man flying. The Alguacil suggests to him that he had better learn how to salute the Governor properly on entering his presence, and offers to teach him the customary salutation for a consideration. -This proposal Güegüence accepts, but chooses to +This proposal Güegüence accepts, but chooses to misunderstand the considerations suggested by the Alguacil, and replies in a series of quid-pro-quos and gibes. At last, he produces some money, which, however, he will not pay over until the Alguacil gives the promised instruction. The Alguacil recites -the formal salutations, which Güegüence pretends to +the formal salutations, which Güegüence pretends to misunderstand, and repeats, instead, some phrases of similar sound, which are discourteous to the Governor. For this the Alguacil threatens to whip him, -and on Güegüence continuing in his taunts, gives +and on Güegüence continuing in his taunts, gives him two blows, and recommences his lesson.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_l" id="Page_l">[l]</a></span></p> @@ -1854,19 +1816,19 @@ him two blows, and recommences his lesson.</p> <div class="sidenotel">p. 32.</div> <p>At this juncture the Governor appears, answers -Güegüence's salute, and asks him why he has entered -the province without a permit. At first Güegüence +Güegüence's salute, and asks him why he has entered +the province without a permit. At first Güegüence answers by relating how he had traveled without a permit in other provinces. Finding this does not meet the case, he seeks to turn the inquiry by a dubious story how a girl once gave him a permit for something besides traveling. The Governor, -not choosing to be put off with this, Güegüence +not choosing to be put off with this, Güegüence proposes they shall be friends, and that the Governor shall have some of the immense riches -and beautiful clothing which Güegüence possesses. +and beautiful clothing which Güegüence possesses. The Governor expresses some doubt as to this wealth, -and proposes to examine, apart, Güegüence's oldest +and proposes to examine, apart, Güegüence's oldest son, Don Forcico.</p> <div class="sidenotel">p. 34.</div> @@ -1881,19 +1843,19 @@ his possessions."</p> <p>The Governor remains, however, uncertain about the truth, and requests a similar private talk with -Güegüence's younger son, Don Ambrosio. The +Güegüence's younger son, Don Ambrosio. The latter tells a very different story, asserting that all his father's boasts were lies, and that he is, in fact, a -poor, old, thieving ragamuffin. Güegüence, who +poor, old, thieving ragamuffin. Güegüence, who overhears him, rails at him as a disgrace to the family; and Don Forcico assures the Governor, in very clear terms, that Don Ambrosio has none of -Güegüence's blood in his veins.</p> +Güegüence's blood in his veins.</p> <div class="sidenotel">p. 40.</div> <div class="sidenotel">p. 42.</div> -<p>To settle the question, Güegüence proposes to +<p>To settle the question, Güegüence proposes to show the Governor the contents of his tent-shop, and has the two boys bring it forward and raise the sides. He then offers the Governor several impossible @@ -1901,7 +1863,7 @@ things, as a star, which is seen through the tent, and an old syringe, which he suggests might be profitably applied to the Royal Council. As <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_li" id="Page_li">[li]</a></span> -the Governor replies roughly, Geügüence at once +the Governor replies roughly, Geügüence at once changes the subject to a laudation of the remarkable skill of Don Forcico in many vocations. The Governor is interested and proposes to inquire of Don @@ -1929,14 +1891,14 @@ take part.</p> <p>Following these the Governor asks for the masquerade of the <i>macho-raton</i>, or the mules. They are led in by Don Forcico, and march around the stage. -Güegüence avails himself of this auspicious moment +Güegüence avails himself of this auspicious moment to ask for the hand of the Lady Suche-Malinche, the Governor's daughter. The Governor sends the Alguacil for the Chief Secretary, who returns with Suche-Malinche and other young women. The Secretary describes what an elegant costume is expected of the son-in-law of the Governor, and the latter -suggests that Güegüence has cast his eyes too high. +suggests that Güegüence has cast his eyes too high. The old man explains that it was not for himself, but for Don Forcico, that the request was made, and pretends to feel quite badly about the marriage. @@ -1944,7 +1906,7 @@ He, nevertheless, brings up the young women, one by one, who are rejected by Don Forcico, with very uncomplimentary remarks, until Suche-Malinche comes forward, who pleases him, and with whom he -is married. The Governor then suggests that Güegüence +is married. The Governor then suggests that Güegüence treat the Council with some Spanish wine. This the old man does not find it convenient to understand, and when he can no longer escape, and @@ -1958,13 +1920,13 @@ questionable manner.</p> <div class="sidenotel">pp. 68.</div> <p>The mules, that is, the masqueraders who represent -them, are then brought up, and as Güegüence +them, are then brought up, and as Güegüence examines first one and then another, they give him opportunity for a series of extremely broad jokes and vulgar allusions.</p> <p>Finally, the loads are placed on the mules, the -boys mount them and move off, while Güegüence, +boys mount them and move off, while Güegüence, having offered his wine to the Governor, the Secretary, the Registrar and the Alguacil, who each in turn tell him to be off, leaves the stage shouting to @@ -1975,7 +1937,7 @@ cost them nothing.</p> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span></p> -<h2><a name="THE_GUEGUENCE" id="THE_GUEGUENCE"></a>THE GÜEGÜENCE.</h2> +<h2><a name="THE_GUEGUENCE" id="THE_GUEGUENCE"></a>THE GÃœEGÃœENCE.</h2> <p class="clarge">A COMEDY BALLET<br /> @@ -1988,9 +1950,9 @@ NAHUATL-SPANISH DIALECT OF NICARAGUA.</p> <hr style="width: 65%;" /> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span></p> -<h3>BAILE DEL GÜEGÜENCE</h3> +<h3>BAILE DEL GÃœEGÃœENCE</h3> -<p class="clarge">ó</p> +<p class="clarge">ó</p> <h3>MACHO-RATON.</h3> @@ -2000,10 +1962,10 @@ NAHUATL-SPANISH DIALECT OF NICARAGUA.</p> <p class="center"> EL GOBERNADOR TASTUANES.<br /> EL ALGUACIL MAYOR.<br /> -EL GÜEGÜENCE.<br /> +EL GÃœEGÃœENCE.<br /> DON FORCICO.<br /> DON AMBROSIO.<br /> -DOÑA SUCHI-MALINCHE.<br /> +DOÑA SUCHI-MALINCHE.<br /> EL ESCRIBANO REAL.<br /> EL REGIDOR DE CANA.</p> @@ -2013,7 +1975,7 @@ EL REGIDOR DE CANA.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span></p> <h3><a name="THE_BALLET" id="THE_BALLET"></a>THE<br /> -BALLET OF THE GÜEGÜENCE;</h3> +BALLET OF THE GÃœEGÃœENCE;</h3> <p class="clarge">OR,</p> @@ -2022,12 +1984,12 @@ BALLET OF THE GÜEGÜENCE;</h3> <hr style="width: 15%;" /> -<p class="clarge">DRAMATIS PERSONÆ.</p> +<p class="clarge">DRAMATIS PERSONÆ.</p> <p class="center"> THE GOVERNOR TASTUANES.<br /> THE CHIEF ALGUACIL.<br /> -THE GÜEGÜENCE.<br /> +THE GÃœEGÃœENCE.<br /> DON FORCICO, HIS ELDER SON.<br /> DON AMBROSIO, HIS YOUNGER SON.<br /> THE LADY SUCHI-MALINCHE.<br /> @@ -2041,14 +2003,14 @@ THE REGISTRAR.</p> <p>6</p> -<h3>BAILE DEL GÜEGÜENCE.</h3> +<h3>BAILE DEL GÃœEGÃœENCE.</h3> <blockquote><p>Se da principio bailando, y habla el</p></blockquote> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Matateco Dio mispiales, Señor Gobernador Tastuanes.</p> +<p>Matateco Dio mispiales, Señor Gobernador Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> @@ -2063,12 +2025,12 @@ Mayor ya tiguala neme?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Matateco Dio mispiales, Señor Gobernador Tastuanes.</p> +<p>Matateco Dio mispiales, Señor Gobernador Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> <p>Matateco Dio miscuales quilis no pilce Capitan Alguacil -Mayor: no pilces simocague campamento Señores principales, +Mayor: no pilces simocague campamento Señores principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechua linar mo Cabildo Real. En primer lugar tecetales seno mesa de oro, seno carpeta de bordado, seno tintero @@ -2080,7 +2042,7 @@ Real.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Matateco Dio mispiales, Señor Gobernador Tastuanes.</p> +<p>Matateco Dio mispiales, Señor Gobernador Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> @@ -2093,7 +2055,7 @@ Mayor.</p> <p>7</p> -<h3><a name="THE_COMEDY-BALLET_OF_GUEGUENCE" id="THE_COMEDY-BALLET_OF_GUEGUENCE"></a>THE COMEDY-BALLET OF GÜEGÜENCE.</h3> +<h3><a name="THE_COMEDY-BALLET_OF_GUEGUENCE" id="THE_COMEDY-BALLET_OF_GUEGUENCE"></a>THE COMEDY-BALLET OF GÃœEGÃœENCE.</h3> <blockquote><p>(The Alguacil and Governor enter, dancing.)</p></blockquote> @@ -2141,7 +2103,7 @@ Real.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>No pilces Cap<sup>^n</sup> Alg<sup>^l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> simocagüe campamento Sres. +<p>No pilces Cap<sup>^n</sup> Alg<sup>^l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> simocagüe campamento Sres. principales sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechua seno la ronda quinquimagua licencia galagua no provincia real.</p> @@ -2150,7 +2112,7 @@ provincia real.</p> <p>Mascamayagua Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes. Matateco Dio mispiales Srs. principales sones, mudanzas, velancicos -necana y paltechua seno la ronda del Señor Gobernador +necana y paltechua seno la ronda del Señor Gobernador Tastuanes.</p> <blockquote><p>Aqui se toca la ronda, dan vuelta bailando y habla el</p></blockquote> @@ -2161,7 +2123,7 @@ Tastuanes.</p> nemo niqui samo la ronda, son rastros y pedazos de cinchones rompidos de corage, sombrero de Castor rompido de corage, no mas hemo mantera de revoso, no mas -hemo capotin colorado á sones panegua sesule Güegüence, +hemo capotin colorado á sones panegua sesule Güegüence, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> @@ -2201,7 +2163,7 @@ music, dances, songs, ballets, and such things, without the patrol is not; their girdles are in rags and tatters, and their hats smashed in from their frays, and we have not a single saddle cloth or red cloak better, perhaps, than that -good-for-nothing Güegüence, Governor Tastuanes.</p> +good-for-nothing Güegüence, Governor Tastuanes.</p> <p><i>Gov.</i> My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, you must bring that pimp, that impudent fellow, that charlatan, before the @@ -2218,46 +2180,46 @@ with me to the Royal Court.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>No pilces Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> simocagüe campamento Sres. -principales sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechúa -sesule Güegüence, ó de la cola, ó de las piernas, ó -de las narices, ó de onde Dios te ayudare, Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>.</p> +<p>No pilces Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> simocagüe campamento Sres. +principales sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechúa +sesule Güegüence, ó de la cola, ó de las piernas, ó +de las narices, ó de onde Dios te ayudare, Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> <p>Mascamayagua, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>¡Ha muchachos, güil ternero, (ó) güil potro para -quichuas rebiatar de la cola, ó de las piernas, ó de las +<p>¡Ha muchachos, güil ternero, (ó) güil potro para +quichuas rebiatar de la cola, ó de las piernas, ó de las narices?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Ambrosio.</i></p> -<p>Asi lo mereces, Güegüence embustero.</p> +<p>Asi lo mereces, Güegüence embustero.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>¿Me hablas, Don Forcico?</p> +<p>¿Me hablas, Don Forcico?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> <p>No, tatita, seran los oidos que le chillan.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>¿Me hablas, Don Ambrosio?</p> +<p>¿Me hablas, Don Ambrosio?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Ambrosio.</i></p> -<p>¿Quien te ha de hablar, Güegüence embustero?</p> +<p>¿Quien te ha de hablar, Güegüence embustero?</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Como no, mala casta, saca fiestas sin vigilias en los dias -de trabajos. Ora quien vá, quien quiere saber de mi +de trabajos. Ora quien vá, quien quiere saber de mi nombre?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> @@ -2273,30 +2235,30 @@ nombre?</p> <p><i>Gov.</i> My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances, songs, ballets, and such things, [and bring] that good-for-nothing -Güegüence, either by the tail, or the legs, or the nose, or +Güegüence, either by the tail, or the legs, or the nose, or by whatever God will help you [to bring him], Captain Chief Alguacil.</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> At your service, Governor Tastuanes, the music, dances, songs, ballets [will be suspended].</p> -<p><i>Güegüence.</i> Ho, boys! is it a calf or is it a colt that +<p><i>Güegüence.</i> Ho, boys! is it a calf or is it a colt that is to be tied behind by the tail, or the legs, or the nose?</p> -<p><i>Don Ambrosio.</i> That's what you deserve, Güegüence, +<p><i>Don Ambrosio.</i> That's what you deserve, Güegüence, you old humbug.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Do you speak to me, Don Forcico?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Do you speak to me, Don Forcico?</p> <p><i>Don Forcico.</i> No, little papa, perhaps it's your ears that are buzzing.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Do you speak to me, Don Ambrosio?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Do you speak to me, Don Ambrosio?</p> -<p><i>Don Am.</i> Who would speak to you, Güegüence, you +<p><i>Don Am.</i> Who would speak to you, Güegüence, you old humbug?</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Why not, you bad breed, you lazy loafer on +<p><i>Güe.</i> Why not, you bad breed, you lazy loafer on working days? Who is it now who wants to know my name?</p> @@ -2308,19 +2270,19 @@ name?</p> <p>12</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Como que criada, güil chocolatera, ó güil lavandera, ó +<p>Como que criada, güil chocolatera, ó güil lavandera, ó componedera de la ropa del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Chocolatera ó lavandera no; criado del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> +<p>Chocolatera ó lavandera no; criado del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Pues que criada, güil cocinera ó güil componedora del +<p>Pues que criada, güil cocinera ó güil componedora del plato del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> @@ -2328,7 +2290,7 @@ plato del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes?</p> <p>Asuyungua me negua, no me cele componedora del plato, Capitan Alguacil Mayor del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Ha! Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes: O amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, asa @@ -2336,26 +2298,26 @@ campamento insigna vara?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Asa neganeme, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Asa neganeme, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Asetato, amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Asetato, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Asetato, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, y que dice el Sor. Gobernador Tastuanes?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Que vayas corriendo y volando, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Que vayas corriendo y volando, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Corriendo y volando? Como quiere que corra y vuela un pobre viejo, lleno de dolores y continuas calamidades?</p> @@ -2366,38 +2328,38 @@ un pobre viejo, lleno de dolores y continuas calamidades?</p> <p>13</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> What sort of a servant-girl is it, the chocolate +<p><i>Güe.</i> What sort of a servant-girl is it, the chocolate maker, the washwoman, or the clothes patcher of the Governor Tastuanes?</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> Neither waiter-girl nor washwoman; a servant of the Governor Tastuanes.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Then which servant-girl, cook or grub-fixer +<p><i>Güe.</i> Then which servant-girl, cook or grub-fixer of the Governor Tastuanes?</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> Let me disclose myself; I have nothing to do with the grub-fixer; I am the Captain Chief Alguacil of the Governor Tastuanes.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Ha! Captain Chief Alguacil of the Governor +<p><i>Güe.</i> Ha! Captain Chief Alguacil of the Governor Tastuanes! O friend Captain Chief Alguacil of the Governor Tastuanes, your official staff is perhaps at your quarters?</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Perhaps I may offer you one, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> Perhaps I may offer you one, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Take a seat, friend Captain Chief Alguacil.</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Take a seat, friend Captain Chief Alguacil.</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Take a seat, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> Take a seat, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, and what has +<p><i>Güe.</i> Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, and what has Governor Tastuanes to say?</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> That you go to him a-running and a-flying, -Güegüence.</p> +Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> A-running and a-flying? How does he expect +<p><i>Güe.</i> A-running and a-flying? How does he expect a poor old man, full of pains and aches, to run and</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -2406,55 +2368,55 @@ a poor old man, full of pains and aches, to run and</p> <p>14</p> -<p>Amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> y un silguero que está en la +<p>Amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> y un silguero que está en la portada del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, que es lo que hace?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Cantando y alegrando á los Señores grandes.</p> +<p>Cantando y alegrando á los Señores grandes.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Ese es mi consuelo y mi divertimiento. Amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> con que corriendo y volando?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Corriendo y volando, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Corriendo y volando, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>¡Ha, muchachos! me hablan?</p> +<p>¡Ha, muchachos! me hablan?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Ambrosio.</i></p> -<p>Quien te ha de hablar, Güegüence embustero?</p> +<p>Quien te ha de hablar, Güegüence embustero?</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>¿Me hablas, Don Forcico?</p> +<p>¿Me hablas, Don Forcico?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> <p>No, tatita, seran los oidos que le chillan.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Ese será, muchachos. Pues ten cuenta con la bodega, -que voi á ver si puedo volar.</p> +<p>Ese será, muchachos. Pues ten cuenta con la bodega, +que voi á ver si puedo volar.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Ha, Güegüence, con que modo y con que cortecilla te +<p>Ha, Güegüence, con que modo y con que cortecilla te calas, qui provincia real del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes?</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Pues, y como, amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Primero ha de ser un velancico, y paltechúa consolar el +<p>Primero ha de ser un velancico, y paltechúa consolar el Cabildo Real del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -2469,30 +2431,30 @@ there?</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> It sings and amuses the grandees there.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> That is my consolation and delight. Friend +<p><i>Güe.</i> That is my consolation and delight. Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, how about this running and flying?</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> A-running and a-flying, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> A-running and a-flying, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Ho, boys! do you speak to me?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Ho, boys! do you speak to me?</p> -<p><i>Don. Am.</i> Who wants to speak to you, Güegüence, +<p><i>Don. Am.</i> Who wants to speak to you, Güegüence, old humbug?</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Do you speak to me, Don Forcico?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Do you speak to me, Don Forcico?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> No, little papa, perhaps it's your ears that are buzzing.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> That may be, boys. Well, then, look after the +<p><i>Güe.</i> That may be, boys. Well, then, look after the shop, and I will go and see if I can fly.</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Ho, Güegüence! in what style, and with what +<p><i>Alg.</i> Ho, Güegüence! in what style, and with what etiquette, are you going to enter the royal presence of the Governor Tastuanes?</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, now, how should I, friend Captain Chief +<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, now, how should I, friend Captain Chief Alguacil?</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> First, there should be a song, and such like, to @@ -2504,26 +2466,26 @@ amuse the Royal Court of the Governor Tastuanes.</p> <p>16</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Velancico, amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, pues simocagüe +<p>Velancico, amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, pues simocagüe campamento Sres. principales sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y paltechua consolar mo Cabildo Real del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Mascamayagua Güegüence. Matateco Dio mispiales +<p>Mascamayagua Güegüence. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres principales sones, mudanzas, velancicos necana y -paltechua sesule Güegüence.</p> +paltechua sesule Güegüence.</p> <blockquote><p>Dan vuelta los dos bailando y habla el.</p></blockquote> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Ha, Güegüence, ya estamos en el paraje.</p> +<p>Ha, Güegüence, ya estamos en el paraje.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Ya estamos con coraje.</p> @@ -2531,7 +2493,7 @@ paltechua sesule Güegüence.</p> <p>En el paraje.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>En el obraje.</p> @@ -2539,20 +2501,20 @@ paltechua sesule Güegüence.</p> <p>En el paraje.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>En el paraje. Pues, amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, no me -enseñará con que modo y con que cortecilla he de entrar y +enseñará con que modo y con que cortecilla he de entrar y salir ante la presencia real del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Si, te enseñaré, pero no de balde; primero ha de ser +<p>Si, te enseñaré, pero no de balde; primero ha de ser mi salario.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Pescados salados? Ha, muchachos! Ahí estan las +<p>Pescados salados? Ha, muchachos! Ahà estan las redes de pescados salados?</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -2561,29 +2523,29 @@ redes de pescados salados?</p> <p>17</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> A song, friend Captain Chief Alguacil; then +<p><i>Güe.</i> A song, friend Captain Chief Alguacil; then suspend in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances, songs, ballets, and such things, to amuse the Royal Court of the Governor Tastuanes.</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> At your service, Güegüence. I pray God to +<p><i>Alg.</i> At your service, Güegüence. I pray God to protect the leading men [and they will suspend] the music, dances, songs, ballets, and such like, for this good-for-nothing -Güegüence.</p> +Güegüence.</p> <blockquote><p>(They dance around the stage.)</p></blockquote> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Ha, Güegüence! here we are at the place.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> Ha, Güegüence! here we are at the place.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Here we are, with heart of grace.</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Here we are, with heart of grace.</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> At the place.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> To work apace.</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> To work apace.</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> At the place.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> At the place. Now, friend Captain Chief Alguacil, +<p><i>Güe.</i> At the place. Now, friend Captain Chief Alguacil, won't you teach me with what style, and with what etiquette, I ought to go in and come out of the royal presence of the Governor Tastuanes?</p> @@ -2591,7 +2553,7 @@ presence of the Governor Tastuanes?</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> Yes, I'll teach you; but not for nothing. First, I want my salary.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Salted fish? Ho, boys! are the nets of salted +<p><i>Güe.</i> Salted fish? Ho, boys! are the nets of salted fish here?</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -2606,10 +2568,10 @@ fish here?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Ambrosio.</i></p> -<p>Que redes de pescados salados has de tener, Güegüence, +<p>Que redes de pescados salados has de tener, Güegüence, embustero?</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Como no! mala casta, ojos de sapo muerto! Amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, ya estamos desaviados de los pescados @@ -2617,42 +2579,42 @@ salados.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Acaso no me cele de pescados salados, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Acaso no me cele de pescados salados, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Pues, y como, amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Reales de plata, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Reales de plata, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Ha! redes de platos. A! muchachos, ahí estan las +<p>Ha! redes de platos. A! muchachos, ahà estan las redes de platos?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> <p>Ahi estan, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Pues, amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, ya estamos aviados de -platos. Y como de que platos quiere? de la china, ó de +platos. Y como de que platos quiere? de la china, ó de barro?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Ayugama, no me cele de platos, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Ayugama, no me cele de platos, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Pues, y como, amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Pesos duros, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Pesos duros, Güegüence.</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -2663,33 +2625,33 @@ barro?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> Here they are, little papa.</p> <p><i>Don Amb.</i> What nets of salted fish do you pretend to -have, Güegüence, you old humbug?</p> +have, Güegüence, you old humbug?</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Why not, you bad breed, you evil-eyed brat? +<p><i>Güe.</i> Why not, you bad breed, you evil-eyed brat? Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, we are just now out of salted fish.</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Perhaps I don't care for salted fish, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> Perhaps I don't care for salted fish, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, what then, Captain Chief Alguacil?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, what then, Captain Chief Alguacil?</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Pieces of eight, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> Pieces of eight, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Ha! dishes and plates. Ho, boys! have we +<p><i>Güe.</i> Ha! dishes and plates. Ho, boys! have we some dishes and plates?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> Here they are, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, then, Captain Chief Alguacil, we are supplied +<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, then, Captain Chief Alguacil, we are supplied with plates. What kind of plates do you want, china plates or earthen plates?</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> Neither one nor the other. I don't care for -plates, Güegüence.</p> +plates, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, what then, Captain Chief Alguacil?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, what then, Captain Chief Alguacil?</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Hard pieces, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> Hard pieces, Güegüence.</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -2697,20 +2659,20 @@ plates, Güegüence.</p> <p>20</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Ha! Quesos duros de aquellos grandotes. A, muchachos, ahi estan los quesos duros que trajimos de sobornal?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>No, tatita; se los comió mi hermanito, Don Ambrosio.</p> +<p>No, tatita; se los comió mi hermanito, Don Ambrosio.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Ambrosio.</i></p> -<p>Que quesos duros has de tener, Güegüence, embustero?</p> +<p>Que quesos duros has de tener, Güegüence, embustero?</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Como no, mala casta, despues que te los has comido. Amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, ya estamos desaviados de los @@ -2719,17 +2681,17 @@ que no me deja nada.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Acaso no me cele de quesos duros, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Acaso no me cele de quesos duros, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Pues, y como, amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Doblones de oro y de plata, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Doblones de oro y de plata, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Ha! dobles. A! muchachos, sabes doblar?</p> @@ -2737,16 +2699,16 @@ que no me deja nada.</p> <p>Si, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Pues dobla, muchachos, Dios persogue á mi amigo +<p>Pues dobla, muchachos, Dios persogue á mi amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, que ahora endenantes estuvimos tratando -y contratando con el, y ya se lo llevó una bola de fuego -á mi amigo.</p> +y contratando con el, y ya se lo llevó una bola de fuego +á mi amigo.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Para tu cuerpo, Güegüence. Acaso no me cele de +<p>Para tu cuerpo, Güegüence. Acaso no me cele de dobles.</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -2755,7 +2717,7 @@ dobles.</p> <p>21</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Ha! hard cheeses; those big ones. Ho, boys! +<p><i>Güe.</i> Ha! hard cheeses; those big ones. Ho, boys! have we those hard cheeses which we brought along as extras?</p> @@ -2763,29 +2725,29 @@ extras?</p> ate them up.</p> <p><i>Don Am.</i> What hard cheeses do you pretend to have, -Güegüence, you old humbug?</p> +Güegüence, you old humbug?</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Why not, you bad breed, since you ate them +<p><i>Güe.</i> Why not, you bad breed, since you ate them up? Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, we are just now out of hard cheeses, because I have a boy here who is such a hog that he leaves me nothing.</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Perhaps I don't care for hard cheeses, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> Perhaps I don't care for hard cheeses, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, what then, Captain Chief Alguacil?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, what then, Captain Chief Alguacil?</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> I want toll of gold and silver, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> I want toll of gold and silver, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Ha! toll. Ho, boys! do you know how to toll?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Ha! toll. Ho, boys! do you know how to toll?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> Yes, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, then, toll away, boys, for God has got +<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, then, toll away, boys, for God has got after my friend the Captain Chief Alguacil, with whom we were talking and bargaining a moment ago, and has carried off my friend in a ball of fire.</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> May it burn your body, Güegüence. Perhaps I +<p><i>Alg.</i> May it burn your body, Güegüence. Perhaps I don't care for tolling.</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -2794,59 +2756,59 @@ don't care for tolling.</p> <p>22</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Pues, y como, amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Doblones de oro y de plata, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Doblones de oro y de plata, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Doblones de oro y de plata! Pues hableme recio, que como soi viejo y sordo, no oigo lo que me dicen; y por esas tierras adentro no se entiende de redes de platos, ni de pescados salados, ni de quesos duros, ni de dobles, sino -onzas de oro y moneda de plata. Y, vamos, ¿cuanto +onzas de oro y moneda de plata. Y, vamos, ¿cuanto quiere?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Todo lo que hubiere en la bodega, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Todo lo que hubiere en la bodega, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>¿Todo, todo?—¿No me dejas nada?</p> +<p>¿Todo, todo?—¿No me dejas nada?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Nada, nada, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Nada, nada, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Ni batuchito?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Ni batuchito, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Ni batuchito, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Ya lo ven, muchachos, lo que hemos trabajado para otro hambriento.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>Así es, tatita.</p> +<p>Asà es, tatita.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Ambrosio.</i></p> -<p>Así lo mereces, Güegüence, embustero.</p> +<p>Asà lo mereces, Güegüence, embustero.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Arra ya, mala casta, comeras tus uñas.</p> +<p>Arra ya, mala casta, comeras tus uñas.</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -2854,36 +2816,36 @@ otro hambriento.</p> <p>23</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, what then, friend Captain Chief Alguacil?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, what then, friend Captain Chief Alguacil?</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> Doubloons of gold and silver.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Doubloons of gold and silver! Then speak loud, +<p><i>Güe.</i> Doubloons of gold and silver! Then speak loud, for I am old and deaf; and in these inland places people know nothing of nets of plates, and of salted fish, nor about hard cheeses, nor about tolls, but only about ounces of gold and coins of silver. Well, let us come to it, how much do you want?</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Everything in the shop, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> Everything in the shop, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Everything? Everything? You won't leave me +<p><i>Güe.</i> Everything? Everything? You won't leave me anything?</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Nothing, nothing, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> Nothing, nothing, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Not so much as an empty box?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Not so much as an empty box?</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Not even an empty box, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> Not even an empty box, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Now, boys, you see how we have worked to feed +<p><i>Güe.</i> Now, boys, you see how we have worked to feed another hungry fellow.</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> So it is, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Don Am.</i> So you deserve, Güegüence, you old humbug.</p> +<p><i>Don Am.</i> So you deserve, Güegüence, you old humbug.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Get out, you bad breed, you shall eat your finger +<p><i>Güe.</i> Get out, you bad breed, you shall eat your finger nails.</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -2894,31 +2856,31 @@ nails.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Ambrosio.</i></p> -<p>Las comeremos, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Las comeremos, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Pues, ponga las manos: y las dos manos pone el -hambriento, y que buenas uñas se tiene mi amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> +hambriento, y que buenas uñas se tiene mi amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, parecen de perico-ligero! a! una bomba caliente -para estas uñas!</p> +para estas uñas!</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Para tu cuerpo, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Para tu cuerpo, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Pues, tome! Uno, dos, tres, cuatro. Ha! mi plata, -muchachos! Cuatro cientos y tantos pesos le he dado á +muchachos! Cuatro cientos y tantos pesos le he dado á mi amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>—Vd., amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, no sabe cual es real, ni cual es medio.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Como no? Si, entiendo de todo, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Como no? Si, entiendo de todo, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>La mitad de este medio hacen dos cuartillos; un cuartillo dos octavos, un octavo dos cuartos, un cuarto dos @@ -2926,17 +2888,17 @@ maravedis, cada maravedi dos blancos.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Pues, échelos todos.</p> +<p>Pues, échelos todos.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Pues, enséñeme.</p> +<p>Pues, enséñeme.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> <p>Pues, azetagago.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Pues, maneta congon.</p> @@ -2950,36 +2912,36 @@ maravedis, cada maravedi dos blancos.</p> <p>25</p> -<p><i>Don Am.</i> Let us eat them, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Don Am.</i> Let us eat them, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Then put out your hands, and let this hungry +<p><i>Güe.</i> Then put out your hands, and let this hungry fellow put out both his hands; and my! what fine nails has my friend, the Captain Chief Alguacil! They are like those of a scratching monkey! Ho, there! a hot shot for these nails!</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> May it burn your body, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> May it burn your body, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, here then [<i>shows four coins</i>]. One, two, +<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, here then [<i>shows four coins</i>]. One, two, three, four. Ha! my money, boys! Four hundred and some odd dollars I have given to my friend, the Captain Chief Alguacil. But you, friend Captain Chief Alguacil, you don't know a real from a half a one.</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Why not? I understand all about them, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> Why not? I understand all about them, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> The half of this half real makes two cuartillos; +<p><i>Güe.</i> The half of this half real makes two cuartillos; a cuartillo is two octavos; an octavo is two quartos; a quarto is two maravedis; and each maravedi is two blancos.</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> Well, then, down with them all.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Well then, teach me.</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Well then, teach me.</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> Well, then, pay attention.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, then, show me.</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, then, show me.</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes.</p> @@ -2989,7 +2951,7 @@ blancos.</p> <p>26</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Matateco Dio cuascuane cuascuane Tastuanes.</p> @@ -2997,44 +2959,44 @@ blancos.</p> <p>Matateco Dio mispiales, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Matateco Dio panegüe palegüe Tastuanes.</p> +<p>Matateco Dio panegüe palegüe Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Hace porfiado, Güegüence; Vd. ha menester una +<p>Hace porfiado, Güegüence; Vd. ha menester una docena de cueros.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Docena de cueros? Ha, muchachos, nos faltan reatas -ó cobijones. Aqui el amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> nos ofrece +ó cobijones. Aqui el amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> nos ofrece una docena de cueros.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> <p>Si, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, y como de que cueros, ¿de -crudia ó de gamusa?</p> +<p>Amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, y como de que cueros, ¿de +crudia ó de gamusa?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Mas azetagago, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Mas azetagago, Güegüence.</p> <p>Le da dos rejazos.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Arra ya, con que bueno, despues de pagado me has azotado; esos no son cueros, esos son azotes.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Ambrosio.</i></p> -<p>Así lo mereces, Güegüence, embustero.</p> +<p>Asà lo mereces, Güegüence, embustero.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> @@ -3048,32 +3010,32 @@ de la Sta. hermandad, regidores y notarios y depositarios.</p> <p>27</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> I pray God will make you sing, Tastuanes.</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> I pray God will make you sing, Tastuanes.</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> I pray God to overcome Tastuanes.</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> I pray God to overcome Tastuanes.</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> You are stubborn, Güegüence, you need a dozen +<p><i>Alg.</i> You are stubborn, Güegüence, you need a dozen hidings.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Ho, boys! do we need some lines or covers? +<p><i>Güe.</i> Ho, boys! do we need some lines or covers? Our friend here, the Captain Chief Alguacil, offers us a dozen hides.</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> Yes, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> How about those hides, friend Captain Chief +<p><i>Güe.</i> How about those hides, friend Captain Chief Alguacil, are they green or dressed?</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Find out more about them, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> Find out more about them, Güegüence.</p> <blockquote><p>(Gives him two blows.)</p></blockquote> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Get out! what right have you to beat me when +<p><i>Güe.</i> Get out! what right have you to beat me when I have paid? These are not hides, they are blows.</p> -<p><i>Don Am.</i> So you deserve, Güegüence, you old humbug.</p> +<p><i>Don Am.</i> So you deserve, Güegüence, you old humbug.</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> I pray God to protect the Governor Tastuanes, those who carry his messages and transact his business, @@ -3088,18 +3050,18 @@ the regular alcaldes of the Holy Brotherhood, the registrars,</p> <p>Eguan noche mo Cabildo Real del Sor Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, si de balde le he dado mi dinero, si estos son mis lenguajes asonesepa negualigua seno -libro de romance, lichúa rezar escataci, iscala ñonguan -iscumbatasi à campaneme Tastuanes?</p> +libro de romance, lichúa rezar escataci, iscala ñonguan +iscumbatasi à campaneme Tastuanes?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Asaneganeme, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Asaneganeme, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Si cana amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> — — — — —</p> @@ -3107,10 +3069,10 @@ iscumbatasi à campaneme Tastuanes?</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Matateco Dio miscuales quilis Güegüence yatiguala +<p>Matateco Dio miscuales quilis Güegüence yatiguala neme?</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Ya nemo niqui nistipampa quinimente moseguan. Alcaldes ordinarios de la Santa hermandad, regidores y @@ -3119,19 +3081,19 @@ Real del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Pues, Güegüence, quinquimagua licencia te calas qui +<p>Pues, Güegüence, quinquimagua licencia te calas qui provincia real?</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Valgame Dios, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, pues que es menester licencia?</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Es menester licencia, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Es menester licencia, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>O valgame Dios, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes! Cuando yo</p> @@ -3144,35 +3106,35 @@ menester licencia?</p> <p>notaries and archivists, [by day] and night, in the Royal Court of Governor Tastuanes.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, I have given my +<p><i>Güe.</i> Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, I have given my money for nothing, if these are to be my words; and shall I not bargain for a book in Spanish, to read these prayers out of when I come before Tastuanes?</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Perhaps I may offer you one, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> Perhaps I may offer you one, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> If anywhere, friend Captain Chief Alguacil—[<i>The +<p><i>Güe.</i> If anywhere, friend Captain Chief Alguacil—[<i>The Governor enters abruptly.</i>] I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes.</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> I pray God to prosper you, Güegüence; are you +<p><i>Gov.</i> I pray God to prosper you, Güegüence; are you well?</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> I am here, as is proper, [and I pray God to protect] +<p><i>Güe.</i> I am here, as is proper, [and I pray God to protect] those who transact the business, the regular alcaldes of the Holy Brotherhood, the registrars, notaries and archivists, [by day] and night, in the Royal Court of Governor Tastuanes.</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> Well, Güegüence, who has given you a permit to +<p><i>Gov.</i> Well, Güegüence, who has given you a permit to enter this royal province.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, what is it to +<p><i>Güe.</i> God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, what is it to need a permit?</p> <p><i>Gov.</i> A permit is necessary.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> O! God bless me, Governor Tastuanes; when I</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> O! God bless me, Governor Tastuanes; when I</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -3184,38 +3146,38 @@ need a permit?</p> por la Veracruz, por la Vera Paz, por Antepeque, arriando mi recua, guia muchachos, opa Don Forcico llega donde un mesonero tupile traiga una docena de huevos, vamos -comiendo y descargando y vuelto á cargar, y me voy de +comiendo y descargando y vuelto á cargar, y me voy de paso, y no es menester licencia para ello, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Pues aqui es menester licencia para ello, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Pues aqui es menester licencia para ello, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Valgame Dios, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, viniendo yo por -una calle derecha me columbró una niña que estaba +una calle derecha me columbró una niña que estaba sentada en una ventana de oro, y me dice: que galan el -Güegüence, que bizarro el Güegüence, aqui tienes bodega, -Güegüence, entra, Güegüence, siéntato, Güegüence, aqui -hay dulce, Güegüence, aqui hay limon. Y como soy un -hombre tan gracejo, salté á la calle con un cabriolé, que +Güegüence, que bizarro el Güegüence, aqui tienes bodega, +Güegüence, entra, Güegüence, siéntato, Güegüence, aqui +hay dulce, Güegüence, aqui hay limon. Y como soy un +hombre tan gracejo, salté á la calle con un cabriolé, que con sus adornos no se distinguia de lo que era, lleno de -plata y oro hasta el suelo, y así una niña me dió licencia, +plata y oro hasta el suelo, y asà una niña me dió licencia, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Pues una niña no puede dar licencia, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Pues una niña no puede dar licencia, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>O valgame Dios, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, no seremos guancos, no seremos amigos, y seremos de sones sepanegaligua, no fardesia de ropa; en primer lugar cajoneria de oro, cajoneria de plata, ropa de Castilla, ropa de contrabando, -güipil de pecho, güipil de pluma, medias de +güipil de pecho, güipil de pluma, medias de seda, zapatos de oro, sombrero de castor, estriberas de</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -3232,23 +3194,23 @@ eggs; and we go on eating and unloading, and we load up again, and I go right along, and there is no need of a permit for it, Governor Tastuanes.</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> Well, here there is need of a permit for it, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Gov.</i> Well, here there is need of a permit for it, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, as I was +<p><i>Güe.</i> God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, as I was coming up a straight street, a girl who was sitting in a golden window descried me, and says to me: "What a -fine fellow is Güegüence; how gallant is Güegüence; -here's the shop for you, Güegüence; come in, Güegüence; -sit down, Güegüence; there's sweatmeats here, Güegüence; +fine fellow is Güegüence; how gallant is Güegüence; +here's the shop for you, Güegüence; come in, Güegüence; +sit down, Güegüence; there's sweatmeats here, Güegüence; there's a lemon here." And, as I am such a funny fellow, I jumped off, with my riding cloak on, so full of ornaments that you could not tell what it was, covered with gold and silver to the ground; and that's the way a girl gave me a permit, Governor Tastuanes.</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> Well, a girl can't give a permit [here], Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Gov.</i> Well, a girl can't give a permit [here], Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> O! God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, we won't +<p><i>Güe.</i> O! God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, we won't be fools; no, we will be friends, and we will bargain about my packs of goods. In the first place, chests of gold, chests of silver, cloth of Spain, cloth from smugglers, @@ -3260,34 +3222,34 @@ vests, feather skirts, silk stockings, golden shoes, beaver</p> <p>32</p> -<p>lazo de oro y de plata, ya pachigüe muyule Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> +<p>lazo de oro y de plata, ya pachigüe muyule Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Pachigüete no pachigüete, Güegüence, asamatimagas, +<p>Pachigüete no pachigüete, Güegüence, asamatimagas, (a sones) se palparesia motel polluse D. Forcico y D. Ambrosio timaguas y verdad, tin riquezas y hermosuras tumile mo Cabildo Real.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>No chopa quimate mollule, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>No chiquimate, Güegüence.</p> +<p>No chiquimate, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Pues si cana amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, simocagüe nistipampa, +<p>Pues si cana amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, simocagüe nistipampa, Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana, y palparesia D. Forcico timaguas y verdad, tin hermosura, tin bellezas tumiles mo Cabildo Real.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> simocagüe campamento Sres. +<p>No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia D. Forcico timagas y verdad, tin hermosura, tin belleza tumile mo Cabildo Real.</p> @@ -3298,7 +3260,7 @@ belleza tumile mo Cabildo Real.</p> mispiales Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia D. Forcico timaguas y verdad.</p> -<blockquote><p>Aqui el Alguacil saca à D. Forcico p<sup>a</sup> hablar con el Gob^{or}.</p></blockquote> +<blockquote><p>Aqui el Alguacil saca à D. Forcico p<sup>a</sup> hablar con el Gob^{or}.</p></blockquote> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> @@ -3314,16 +3276,16 @@ necana y palparesia D. Forcico timaguas y verdad.</p> the clever Governor Tastuanes.</p> <p><i>Gov.</i> No, I am not satisfied with what you say, -Güegüence. Don Forcico and Don Ambrosio must give +Güegüence. Don Forcico and Don Ambrosio must give a truthful account to our Royal Court, whether you have riches and abundant treasures.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Do you not know it already, clever Governor +<p><i>Güe.</i> Do you not know it already, clever Governor Tastuanes?</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> I do not know it, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Gov.</i> I do not know it, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Then, if friend Captain Chief Alguacil will suspend, +<p><i>Güe.</i> Then, if friend Captain Chief Alguacil will suspend, in my presence, the music, dances, songs and ballets of the leading men, Don Forcico will give a truthful account to the Royal Court about my riches and @@ -3364,7 +3326,7 @@ Cabildo Real del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> <p>Pues, Don Forcico asamatimaguas semo verdad a -sones sepaguala motalce Güegüence quichua contar güil +sones sepaguala motalce Güegüence quichua contar güil hombre rico, tin riquezas, tin hermosura, tin belleza, en primer lugar cajoneria de oro, cajoneria de plata, doblones de oro, monedas de plata, hay me sagua Don Forcico.</p> @@ -3375,11 +3337,11 @@ de oro, monedas de plata, hay me sagua Don Forcico.</p> y la noche para contar las riquezas de mi padre; en primer lugar cajoneria de oro, cajoneria de plata, ropa de Castilla, ropa de contrabando, estriberas de lazo de oro -y de plata, ya pachigüe muyule Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> +y de plata, ya pachigüe muyule Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Pachigüete no pachigüete pues, Don Forcico, á sones +<p>Pachigüete no pachigüete pues, Don Forcico, á sones se palparesia tu hermanito Don Ambrosio timaguas y verdad tin riquezas y hermosuras tumiles mo Cabildo real.</p> @@ -3406,7 +3368,7 @@ the registrars, notaries and archivists, [by day] and night, in the Royal Court of Governor Tastuanes.</p> <p><i>Gov.</i> Well, Don Forcico, you are to tell me the truth -about the stories which Güegüence tells, saying that he +about the stories which Güegüence tells, saying that he is a rich man, and has property, and handsome and beautiful things; in the first place, chests of gold, chests of silver, doubloons of gold, coins of silver; so tell me @@ -3437,7 +3399,7 @@ Don Ambrosio, will give a truthful account.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, simocagüe campamento Sres. +<p>No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana, y palparesia su hermanito D. Ambrosio timaguas y verdad tin riquezas, tin hermosuras.</p> @@ -3448,7 +3410,7 @@ riquezas, tin hermosuras.</p> mispiales Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana, y palparesia Don Ambrosio timaguas y verdad.</p> -<blockquote><p>Aqui el Alg<sup>l</sup> saca à D. Ambrosio p<sup>a</sup> hablar con el Gob^{or}.</p></blockquote> +<blockquote><p>Aqui el Alg<sup>l</sup> saca à D. Ambrosio p<sup>a</sup> hablar con el Gob^{or}.</p></blockquote> <p class="center"><i>D. Ambrosio.</i></p> @@ -3468,14 +3430,14 @@ mo Cabildo Real del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Pues Don Ambrosio asamatimaguas semo verdad á -sones (se) paguala motalce Güegüence quichua contar -güil hombre rico. En primer lugar cajoneria de oro, +<p>Pues Don Ambrosio asamatimaguas semo verdad á +sones (se) paguala motalce Güegüence quichua contar +güil hombre rico. En primer lugar cajoneria de oro, cajoneria de plata, ropa de Castilla, ropa de contrabando, -güipil de pecho, güipil de pluma, medias de seda, zapatos +güipil de pecho, güipil de pluma, medias de seda, zapatos de oro, sombrero de castor, estriberas de lazo de oro y de plata, muchintes hermosuras quichua contar sesule -Güegüence hoy melagüe Don Ambrosio.</p> +Güegüence hoy melagüe Don Ambrosio.</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -3507,13 +3469,13 @@ the registrars, notaries and archivists, [by day] and by night, in the Royal Court of Governor Tastuanes.</p> <p><i>Gov.</i> Well, Don Ambrosio, you are to tell me the -truth about the stories which Güegüence relates, saying +truth about the stories which Güegüence relates, saying that he is a rich man. In the first place, [that he has] chests of gold, chests of silver, cloth of Spain, cloth from smugglers, vests, skirts of feathers, silk stockings, golden shoes, a beaver hat, stirrup straps of lace of gold and silver, quantities of pretty things, as that good-for-nothing -Güegüence relates; so tell me clearly, Don Ambrosio.</p> +Güegüence relates; so tell me clearly, Don Ambrosio.</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -3523,18 +3485,18 @@ Güegüence relates; so tell me clearly, Don Ambrosio.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Ambrosio.</i></p> -<p>Valgame Dios, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, vergüenza me da -contar las cosas de ese Güegüence embustero, pues solo -está esperando que cierre la noche para salir de casa en -casa á hurtar lo que hay en las cocinas para pasar el, y su +<p>Valgame Dios, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, vergüenza me da +contar las cosas de ese Güegüence embustero, pues solo +está esperando que cierre la noche para salir de casa en +casa á hurtar lo que hay en las cocinas para pasar el, y su hijo Don Forcico. Dice que tiene cajoneria de oro, y es una petaca vieja totolatera, que tiene catre de seda y es un petate viejo revolcado, dice que tiene medias de seda y son unas botias viejas sin forro, que tiene zapatos de oro, y son unas chancletas viejas sin suelas, que tiene un fusil -de oro, y es solo el palo, porque el cañon se lo quitaron.</p> +de oro, y es solo el palo, porque el cañon se lo quitaron.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Ve, que afrenta de muchacho, hablador, boca floja! revientale, hijo, la cabeza, que como no es hijo mio me @@ -3542,21 +3504,21 @@ desacredita.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>Quitate de aquí, mala casta! No se espante Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> -Tastuanes en oir á este hablador, que cuando yo anduve +<p>Quitate de aquÃ, mala casta! No se espante Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> +Tastuanes en oir á este hablador, que cuando yo anduve con mi padre por la carrera de Mexico y cuando venimos -ya estaba mi madre en cinta de otro, y por eso salió tan +ya estaba mi madre en cinta de otro, y por eso salió tan mala casta, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes ya pachigüe muyules teguane +<p>Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes ya pachigüe muyules teguane motel poyuce Don Forcico contar tin hermosuras, tin bellezas, tumiles mo Cabildo Real.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Pachigüete no pachigüete, Güegüence, asamaquimate +<p>Pachigüete no pachigüete, Güegüence, asamaquimate mollule mo Cabildo real.</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -3567,7 +3529,7 @@ mollule mo Cabildo real.</p> <p><i>Don Am.</i> God bless me, Governor Tastuanes, I am ashamed to talk about the affairs of this old humbug, -Güegüence, for he is only waiting until it is dark, to go +Güegüence, for he is only waiting until it is dark, to go from house to house, stealing whatever is in the kitchens, to keep him and his son, Don Forcico, alive. He says he has a chest of gold, and it is an old bird-basket; that @@ -3578,7 +3540,7 @@ slippers, without soles; that he has a golden gun, and it is only a wooden stock, because they took the barrel away from him.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Heavens! what an impudent boy, a babbler, a +<p><i>Güe.</i> Heavens! what an impudent boy, a babbler, a lying tongue! Break his head, my boy, for no son of mine would slander me in that way.</p> @@ -3588,7 +3550,7 @@ with my father on the road to Mexico, when we came back my mother was big by another, and that is why this one is such a bad breed, Governor Tastuanes.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Governor Tastuanes, now are you not satisfied +<p><i>Güe.</i> Governor Tastuanes, now are you not satisfied completely about us, by what Don Forcico told the Royal Court, that I have quantities of pretty and beautiful things?</p> @@ -3602,18 +3564,18 @@ to know it.</p> <p>40</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>No chiquimate mollule Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes: pues -mayagüe amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, campamento Srs. principales, +mayagüe amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, campamento Srs. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia -mo tinderia turna güiso mo Cabildo Real.</p> +mo tinderia turna güiso mo Cabildo Real.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, simocagüe campamento Sres. +<p>No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana, y paltechua -consolar sesule Güegüence(.) Eguan mo tinderia y +consolar sesule Güegüence(.) Eguan mo tinderia y paltechua consolar mo cabildo real.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> @@ -3622,25 +3584,25 @@ paltechua consolar mo cabildo real.</p> mispiales Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia tinderia mo Cabildo Real.</p> -<blockquote><p>Da vuelta el Güegüence y los muchachos bailando con la tienda, y +<blockquote><p>Da vuelta el Güegüence y los muchachos bailando con la tienda, y habla el</p></blockquote> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Matateco Dio mispiales, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, asanega -neme mo tinderia matamagüeso mo Cabildo Real. Alzen +neme mo tinderia matamagüeso mo Cabildo Real. Alzen muchachos, miren cuanta hermosura. En primer lugar -cajoneria de oro, cajoneria de plata, güipil de pecho, güipil +cajoneria de oro, cajoneria de plata, güipil de pecho, güipil de pluma, medias de seda, zapatos de oro, sombrero de castor, estriberas de lazo de oro y de plata, muchintes hermosuras, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, asaneganeme ese lucero -de la mañana que relumbra del otro lado del mar, asanecaneme +de la mañana que relumbra del otro lado del mar, asanecaneme esa jeringuita de oro para ya remediar el Cabildo Real del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Para tu cuerpo, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Para tu cuerpo, Güegüence.</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -3648,7 +3610,7 @@ Real del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p>41</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> The clever Governor Tastuanes does not know +<p><i>Güe.</i> The clever Governor Tastuanes does not know it. Well, then, let friend Captain Chief Alguacil suspend in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances, songs, ballets and talk, and I will open my tent to the @@ -3657,7 +3619,7 @@ Royal Court.</p> <p><i>Gov.</i> My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances, songs, ballets and such like, to please this good-for-nothing -Güegüence, and he will show his tent, to please the Royal +Güegüence, and he will show his tent, to please the Royal Court.</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> At your service, Governor Tastuanes. I pray @@ -3665,9 +3627,9 @@ God to protect the leading men, [and they suspend] the music, dances, songs, ballets and talk, [to show] the tent to the Royal Court.</p> -<blockquote><p>(Güegüence and the boys dance around the stage with the tent.)</p></blockquote> +<blockquote><p>(Güegüence and the boys dance around the stage with the tent.)</p></blockquote> -<p><i>Güe.</i> I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. +<p><i>Güe.</i> I pray God to protect you, Governor Tastuanes. Let me offer you my tent, to show to the Royal Court. Heft it, boys. See what pretty things! In the first place, a chest of gold, a chest of silver, vests, feather @@ -3678,7 +3640,7 @@ of the morning, which shines from the other side of the sea; let me offer you this syringe of gold, with which to medicate the Royal Court of the Governor Tastuanes.</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> May it be for your own body, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Gov.</i> May it be for your own body, Güegüence.</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -3686,16 +3648,16 @@ medicate the Royal Court of the Governor Tastuanes.</p> <p>42</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Como este mi muchacho tiene tantos oficios, que hasta -en las uñas tiene encajados los oficios.</p> +en las uñas tiene encajados los oficios.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Seran de arena, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Seran de arena, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Pues mas ha sido escultor, fundidor, repicador, piloto de alturas de aquellos que se elevan hasta las nubes, Sor. @@ -3703,20 +3665,20 @@ Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Esos no son oficios de continuo, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Esos no son oficios de continuo, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Pues mas ha sido carpintero, hacedor de yugos aunque sean de papayo, hacedor de arados, aunque sean de -tecomajoche ya pachigüe muyule Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> +tecomajoche ya pachigüe muyule Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Ya pachigüete no pachigüete, pues Güegüence asanese +<p>Ya pachigüete no pachigüete, pues Güegüence asanese palparesia mo Don Forcico timaguas y verdad tin oficios.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Pues si cana amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>. Mayague nistipampa Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, @@ -3725,10 +3687,10 @@ oficios.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Mascamayagua, Güegüence. Matateco Dio mispiales +<p>Mascamayagua, Güegüence. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia D. Forcico mo Cabildo Real.</p> -<blockquote><p>Vuelve el Alguacil à sacar à D. Forcico.</p></blockquote> +<blockquote><p>Vuelve el Alguacil à sacar à D. Forcico.</p></blockquote> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -3736,32 +3698,32 @@ palparesia D. Forcico mo Cabildo Real.</p> <p>43</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> It is wonderful how many trades this boy of +<p><i>Güe.</i> It is wonderful how many trades this boy of mine has. He is deep in trades to his fingers' ends.</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> They are of no account, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Gov.</i> They are of no account, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Why, he has been a sculptor, a metal founder, +<p><i>Güe.</i> Why, he has been a sculptor, a metal founder, a bell-ringer, and a pilot to the heights which rise above the clouds, Governor Tastuanes.</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> These are not permanent employments, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Gov.</i> These are not permanent employments, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Then he has been a carpenter, a maker of yokes, +<p><i>Güe.</i> Then he has been a carpenter, a maker of yokes, though of papaya wood, a maker of plows, though of temple tree wood. This should satisfy the clever Governor Tastuanes.</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> No, I am not yet satisfied. Let Güegüence tell +<p><i>Gov.</i> No, I am not yet satisfied. Let Güegüence tell his son, Don Forcico, to give a truthful account of his trades.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Then, if friend Captain Chief Alguacil will, in +<p><i>Güe.</i> Then, if friend Captain Chief Alguacil will, in my presence, cause the leading men to suspend the music, dances, songs and ballets, Don Forcico will give a truthful account of his trades.</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> At your service, Güegüence. I pray God will +<p><i>Alg.</i> At your service, Güegüence. I pray God will protect the leading men, [and they suspend] the music, dances, songs and ballets, for the talk of Don Forcico to the Royal Court.</p> @@ -3776,7 +3738,7 @@ the Royal Court.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, hasta en las uñas tengo encajados +<p>Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, hasta en las uñas tengo encajados los oficios.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> @@ -3791,7 +3753,7 @@ Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Pachigüete no pachigüete, pues Don Forcico asamaguimate +<p>Pachigüete no pachigüete, pues Don Forcico asamaguimate mollule tin mudanzas, tin sapatetas mo Cabildo Real.</p> @@ -3804,16 +3766,16 @@ consolar mo Cabildo Real.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> simocagüe campamento Sres. +<p>No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia -lichua consolar sesule Güegüence.</p> +lichua consolar sesule Güegüence.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> <p>Mascamayagua Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes. Matateco Dio mispiales Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, velancicos, necana y palparesia consolar mo Cabildo Real sesule -Güegüence.</p> +Güegüence.</p> <blockquote><p>Primera bailada del Corrido, y habla el</p></blockquote> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -3843,13 +3805,13 @@ things, to amuse the Royal Court.</p> <p><i>Gov.</i> My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances, songs, -ballets and talk, in order that this good-for-nothing Güegüence +ballets and talk, in order that this good-for-nothing Güegüence may amuse [the Royal Court].</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> At your service, Governor Tastuanes. I pray God to protect the leading men, [and they suspend] the music, dances, songs, ballets and talk, in order that the -good-for-nothing Güegüence may amuse the Royal Court.</p> +good-for-nothing Güegüence may amuse the Royal Court.</p> <blockquote><p>(First ballet with the running dance.)</p></blockquote> @@ -3859,26 +3821,26 @@ good-for-nothing Güegüence may amuse the Royal Court.</p> <p>46</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, ya pachigüe mollule tigüita tin +<p>Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, ya pachigüe mollule tigüita tin mudanzas, tin sapatetas, lichua consolar mo Cabildo Real.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Pachigüete no pachiguete, Güegüence, asamaquimate +<p>Pachigüete no pachiguete, Güegüence, asamaquimate muyule, asanese palparesia motel poyuse Don Forcico y -Don Ambrosio à consolar el Cabildo Real.</p> +Don Ambrosio à consolar el Cabildo Real.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>No chopa quimate muyule, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>No chopa quimate Güegüence.</p> +<p>No chopa quimate Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Mayague amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, campamento Sres. principales, sones, corridos, necana y paltechua consolar @@ -3886,25 +3848,25 @@ Don Forcico eguan D. Ambrosio mo Cabildo Real.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, simocagüe campamento Sres. +<p>No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, sones, corridos, necana y paltechua consolar Don Forcico eguan Don Ambrosio mo Cabildo Real.</p> -<blockquote><p>Segunda bailada del Güegüence, y los dos muchachos.</p></blockquote> +<blockquote><p>Segunda bailada del Güegüence, y los dos muchachos.</p></blockquote> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Sor Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, ya pachigüe mollule tigüita tin +<p>Sor Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, ya pachigüe mollule tigüita tin mudanzas, tin sapatetas lichua consolar mo Cabildo Real.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Pachigüete no pachigüete, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Pachigüete no pachigüete, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes asamaquimate mollule tin mudanzas, -tin sapatetas sones San Martin, à lichua consolar +tin sapatetas sones San Martin, à lichua consolar Don Forcico eguan Don Ambrosio mo Cabildo Real.</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -3913,7 +3875,7 @@ Don Forcico eguan Don Ambrosio mo Cabildo Real.</p> <p>47</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Governor Tastuanes, now you are satisfied that +<p><i>Güe.</i> Governor Tastuanes, now you are satisfied that they have dances and caperings to amuse the Royal Court.</p> @@ -3921,11 +3883,11 @@ Court.</p> what Don Forcico and Don Ambrosio can do to amuse the Royal Court.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Do you not know it, Governor Tastuanes?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Do you not know it, Governor Tastuanes?</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> I do not know it, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Gov.</i> I do not know it, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Let friend Captain Alguacil Major [suspend] in +<p><i>Güe.</i> Let friend Captain Alguacil Major [suspend] in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances, songs and such like, that Don Forcico and Don Ambrosio may amuse the Royal Court.</p> @@ -3935,15 +3897,15 @@ quarters of the leading men the music, dances, songs and such like, that Don Forcico and Don Ambrosio may amuse the Royal Court.</p> -<blockquote><p>(Second ballet of Güegüence and the two boys.)</p></blockquote> +<blockquote><p>(Second ballet of Güegüence and the two boys.)</p></blockquote> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Governor Tastuanes, now you are certainly +<p><i>Güe.</i> Governor Tastuanes, now you are certainly satisfied that they have dances, have caperings, to amuse the Royal Court.</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> No, I am not satisfied, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Gov.</i> No, I am not satisfied, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Governor Tastuanes may certainly know that +<p><i>Güe.</i> Governor Tastuanes may certainly know that Don Forcico and Don Ambrosio have dances and caperings, to the tune of St. Martin, to amuse the Royal Court.</p> @@ -3956,47 +3918,47 @@ Court.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>No chopa quimate mollule Güegüence. No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> -Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, sones +<p>No chopa quimate mollule Güegüence. No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> +Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, sones San Martin a lichua consolar mo Cabildo Real sesule -Güegüence.</p> +Güegüence.</p> <blockquote><p>Aqui se toca S. Martin y dan vuelta todos bailando.</p></blockquote> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>A Güegüence ya pachigüe muyule tigüita tin sapatetas +<p>A Güegüence ya pachigüe muyule tigüita tin sapatetas lichuas consolar mo Cabildo Real.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Pachigüete no pachigüe, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes asamaquimate +<p>Pachigüete no pachigüe, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes asamaquimate muyule sones Portorico no amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> -M<sup>or</sup> à lichua consolar Don Forcico, y Don Ambrosio mo +M<sup>or</sup> à lichua consolar Don Forcico, y Don Ambrosio mo Cabildo Real.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, simocagüe campamento Sres. -principales, sones Portorico lichua consolar sesule Güegüence.</p> +<p>No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, simocagüe campamento Sres. +principales, sones Portorico lichua consolar sesule Güegüence.</p> <blockquote><p>Aqui se toca un ton antiguo y dan vuelta todos bailando.</p></blockquote> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>A Güegüence ya pachigüe muyule tigüita tin sapatetas +<p>A Güegüence ya pachigüe muyule tigüita tin sapatetas lichua consolar mo Cabildo Real.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Pachigüete no pachigüe, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, que +<p>Pachigüete no pachigüe, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, que unos van para atras, y otros para delante.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Eso no lo sé, Güegüence. Pues, Güegüence, asamaquimate +<p>Eso no lo sé, Güegüence. Pues, Güegüence, asamaquimate muyule, tin mudanzas, tin sapatetas semula -macho-raton à lichua consolar mo Cabildo Real.</p> +macho-raton à lichua consolar mo Cabildo Real.</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -4006,35 +3968,35 @@ macho-raton à lichua consolar mo Cabildo Real.</p> <p><i>Gov.</i> I do not certainly know it. My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of the leading -men [the music, etc.], that this good-for-nothing Güegüence +men [the music, etc.], that this good-for-nothing Güegüence may amuse the Royal Court with the tune of St. Martin.</p> <blockquote><p>(The tune of St. Martin is played, and they all dance around.)</p></blockquote> -<p><i>Gov.</i> Now, Güegüence, I am satisfied that they have +<p><i>Gov.</i> Now, Güegüence, I am satisfied that they have caperings to amuse the Royal Court.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> But I am not satisfied; and, Governor Tastuanes, +<p><i>Güe.</i> But I am not satisfied; and, Governor Tastuanes, my friend, Captain Chief Alguacil, might like to know how Don Forcico and Don Ambrosio can amuse the Royal Court, to the tune of Porto Rico.</p> <p><i>Gov.</i> My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend in the quarters of the leading men [the music, etc.], that this -good-for-nothing Güegüence may console [us] with the +good-for-nothing Güegüence may console [us] with the tune of Porto Rico.</p> <blockquote><p>(An ancient tune is played, and they all dance around.)</p></blockquote> -<p><i>Gov.</i> Now, Güegüence, I am satisfied that they have +<p><i>Gov.</i> Now, Güegüence, I am satisfied that they have caperings to amuse the Royal Court.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> But I am not satisfied, Governor Tastuanes, as +<p><i>Güe.</i> But I am not satisfied, Governor Tastuanes, as some go from behind and others from in front.</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> I know nothing about that, Güegüence. Now, -Güegüence, whether they have dances, caperings, like the +<p><i>Gov.</i> I know nothing about that, Güegüence. Now, +Güegüence, whether they have dances, caperings, like the <i>macho-raton</i>, to amuse the Royal Court?</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -4043,49 +4005,49 @@ Güegüence, whether they have dances, caperings, like the <p>50</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, ya bueno amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, campamento Sres. principales, sones, mudanzas, necana, -à lichua consolar semula macho-raton mo Cabildo Real. +à lichua consolar semula macho-raton mo Cabildo Real. A, muchachos! que es de los machos?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>Ahí estan, tatita.</p> +<p>Ahà estan, tatita.</p> <blockquote><p>Aqui se toca la Valona para los machos, y habla el</p></blockquote> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes ya pachigüe mollule, tin mudanzas, +<p>Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes ya pachigüe mollule, tin mudanzas, tin sapatetas, tin remates, tin corcobios semula macho-raton.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Pachigüete no pachigüe, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Pachigüete no pachigüe, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Pues Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, no haremos un trato y -contrato, que el sin tuno, sin tunal de eguan mo Doña +contrato, que el sin tuno, sin tunal de eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche?</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>No chopa quimate muyule, Güegüence.</p> +<p>No chopa quimate muyule, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>No chiquimate, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> simocagüe campamento el -Señor Escribano Real, chigüigua no provincia real lichua -obedecer eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche.</p> +<p>No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> simocagüe campamento el +Señor Escribano Real, chigüigua no provincia real lichua +obedecer eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche.</p> -<blockquote><p>Va el Alguacil à hablar con el Escribano Real.</p></blockquote> +<blockquote><p>Va el Alguacil à hablar con el Escribano Real.</p></blockquote> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> @@ -4097,7 +4059,7 @@ obedecer eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche.</p> <p>51</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Governor Tastuanes, and good friend Captain +<p><i>Güe.</i> Governor Tastuanes, and good friend Captain Chief Alguacil, [suspend] in the quarters of the leading men the music, dances and songs, in order that we may amuse the Royal Court with the <i>macho-raton</i>. Ho, boys! @@ -4107,19 +4069,19 @@ how about the mules?</p> <blockquote><p>(The Valona is played for the mules.)</p></blockquote> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Governor Tastuanes, you are certainly satisfied +<p><i>Güe.</i> Governor Tastuanes, you are certainly satisfied that they have dances, caperings, finishing touches and curvetings, like the <i>macho-raton</i>.</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> No, I am not satisfied, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Gov.</i> No, I am not satisfied, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, then, Governor Tastuanes, shall we not +<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, then, Governor Tastuanes, shall we not make a trade and a treaty between him, without a folly or a fig-tree, and the lady Suche-Malinche?</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> Do you not know of it already, Güegüence?</p> +<p><i>Gov.</i> Do you not know of it already, Güegüence?</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> I do not know it, Governor Tastuanes.</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> I do not know it, Governor Tastuanes.</p> <p><i>Gov.</i> My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, suspend [the labor] in the quarters of the Royal Secretary, and let @@ -4145,13 +4107,13 @@ tiguala neme?</p> <p>Ya nemo niqui nistipampa Sor. Escribano Real, negua ligua y Provincia Real, del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, lichua -obedecer eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche.</p> +obedecer eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche.</p> <p class="center"><i>Escribano.</i></p> -<p>Pues, no pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> simocagüe campamento +<p>Pues, no pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> simocagüe campamento Sres. principales, sones, rujeros, y paltechua obedecer -eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche.</p> +eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> @@ -4171,17 +4133,17 @@ tiguala neme?</p> <p class="center"><i>Escribano.</i></p> <p>Ya nemo niqui nistipampa lichua obedecer, eguan mo -Doña Suche-Malinche.</p> +Doña Suche-Malinche.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> <p>Pues, Sor. Escribano Real, asanegaguala sesule -Güegüence güil hombre rico, eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche.</p> +Güegüence güil hombre rico, eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche.</p> <p class="center"><i>Escribano.</i></p> <p>Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, asanegualigua vestir saya de la -China, güipil de pecho, güipil de pluma, medias de seda,</p> +China, güipil de pecho, güipil de pluma, medias de seda,</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -4214,7 +4176,7 @@ you well?</p> orders, with the lady Suche-Malinche.</p> <p><i>Gov.</i> Well, Mr. Secretary, there is a bargain between -this good-for-nothing Güegüence, who is a rich man, and +this good-for-nothing Güegüence, who is a rich man, and the lady Suche-Malinche.</p> <p><i>Sec.</i> Governor Tastuanes, let the bargain be for clothing, @@ -4229,30 +4191,30 @@ a petticoat from China, vest, feather skirt, silk stockings,</p> <p>zapatos de oro, sombrero de castor, para monistilco al Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> -<blockquote><p>Se vuelve el Escribano à su lugar, bailando con el Alguacil.</p></blockquote> +<blockquote><p>Se vuelve el Escribano à su lugar, bailando con el Alguacil.</p></blockquote> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Ha, Güegüence, asiguala lichua escojer mosamonte.</p> +<p>Ha, Güegüence, asiguala lichua escojer mosamonte.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>¿Desmonte?</p> +<p>¿Desmonte?</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Mosamonte, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Mosamonte, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Yo no he hecho trato ni contrato con el Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, solo que sea mi muchacho.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Eso no lo sé, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Eso no lo sé, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Ha, muchachos, que trato y contrato tienes con el Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> @@ -4261,16 +4223,16 @@ Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> <p>De casarme, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>De casarte! ¿y tan chiquito te atreves à casarte, +<p>De casarte! ¿y tan chiquito te atreves à casarte, muchacho?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> <p>Si, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Y con quien me dejas, muchacho?</p> @@ -4278,9 +4240,9 @@ muchacho?</p> <p>Con mi hermanito, Don Ambrosio.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Que caso me hará ese jipato!</p> +<p>Que caso me hará ese jipato!</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -4293,34 +4255,34 @@ Governor Tastuanes.</p> <blockquote><p>(The Secretary returns to his place, dancing with the Alguacil.)</p></blockquote> -<p><i>Gov.</i> Ha, Güegüence! it angers me that you choose +<p><i>Gov.</i> Ha, Güegüence! it angers me that you choose so presumptuously.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Trumpery?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Trumpery?</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> Presumptuously, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Gov.</i> Presumptuously, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> I have not made any trade or treaty with the +<p><i>Güe.</i> I have not made any trade or treaty with the Governor Tastuanes; it must be my boy.</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> I don't know about that, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Gov.</i> I don't know about that, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Ho, boys! what trade or treaty have you with +<p><i>Güe.</i> Ho, boys! what trade or treaty have you with the Governor Tastuanes?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> For me to get married, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> For you to get married! What, boy! a little +<p><i>Güe.</i> For you to get married! What, boy! a little chap like you dares to get married?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> Yes, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> And with whom are you going to leave me +<p><i>Güe.</i> And with whom are you going to leave me boy?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> With my little brother, Don Ambrosio.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> What care will that imp take of me?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> What care will that imp take of me?</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -4332,51 +4294,51 @@ boy?</p> <p>Y yo tambien me quiero casar.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Para eso seres bueno. Don Forcico asiguale lichúa +<p>Para eso seres bueno. Don Forcico asiguale lichúa escojer mosamonte. Ve, que bizarra dama aqui, muchacho.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>No está de mi gusto, tatita.</p> +<p>No está de mi gusto, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Porque, muchacho?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>Porque está muy pachaca, tatita.</p> +<p>Porque está muy pachaca, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Pues, que es iguana ó garrobo para que esté pachaca? -Quien la echó á perder, muchacho?</p> +<p>Pues, que es iguana ó garrobo para que esté pachaca? +Quien la echó á perder, muchacho?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> <p>Mi hermanito, Don Ambrosio.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Para eso será bueno este soplado, ojos de sapo muerto, -por eso está tan apupujado. Ve, que bizarra maneca, +<p>Para eso será bueno este soplado, ojos de sapo muerto, +por eso está tan apupujado. Ve, que bizarra maneca, muchacho.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>Si está aventada, tatita.</p> +<p>Si está aventada, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Quien la aventó, muchacho?</p> +<p>Quien la aventó, muchacho?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> <p>Mi hermanito, Don Ambrosio.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Como aventastes esta dama, Don Ambrosio?</p> @@ -4388,32 +4350,32 @@ muchacho.</p> <p><i>Don Am.</i> And I too want to get married.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> You're good enough for that. Don Forcico +<p><i>Güe.</i> You're good enough for that. Don Forcico makes a bargain to choose presumptuously. See what a gay lady is here, my boy?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> She is not to my taste, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Why not, my boy?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Why not, my boy?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> Because she is too much stuffed, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Is she, then, an iguana or a garrobo, that she is +<p><i>Güe.</i> Is she, then, an iguana or a garrobo, that she is stuffed? Who has spoiled her, my boy?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> My little brother, Don Ambrosio.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> For that the bloated fellow is good enough, the +<p><i>Güe.</i> For that the bloated fellow is good enough, the evil-eyed brat; that is the reason he is so played out. See, here's a gay cake-baker my boy.</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> She <i>is</i> puffed up, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Who puffed her up, boy?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Who puffed her up, boy?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> My little brother, Don Ambrosio.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> How did you puff up this lady, Don Ambrosio?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> How did you puff up this lady, Don Ambrosio?</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -4423,18 +4385,18 @@ See, here's a gay cake-baker my boy.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Ambrosio.</i></p> -<p>De dormir con vos, Güegüence.</p> +<p>De dormir con vos, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Callate, mala casta. Ve que bizarra dama, esta otra, muchacho.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>Esta, sí, está de mi gusto, tatita.</p> +<p>Esta, sÃ, está de mi gusto, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Sabes escojer, no muchacho, pero no sabes escojer un buen machete para hacer un buen desmonte.</p> @@ -4443,36 +4405,36 @@ buen machete para hacer un buen desmonte.</p> <p>Tambien, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, mosegua trato y contrato.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>No mocegua, Güegüence.</p> +<p>No mocegua, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>No mocegua, Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes; lo que siento es mi muchacho que se me pierde.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Eso no lo sé, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Eso no lo sé, Güegüence.</p> <blockquote><p>Aqui se casan, y habla el.</p></blockquote> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> chigüigua mo Provincia Real, -campamento sesule Güegüence lichua obedecer con una -yunta de botijas de vino de Castilla para en chocolá y +<p>No pilse Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> chigüigua mo Provincia Real, +campamento sesule Güegüence lichua obedecer con una +yunta de botijas de vino de Castilla para en chocolá y paltechua brindar mo Cabildo Real.</p> <p class="center"><i>Regidor.</i></p> -<p>Simocagüe, Sor. Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>.—Mayagüe, amigo sesule -Güegüence. En nombre mo Cabildo Real te damos los</p> +<p>Simocagüe, Sor. Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>.—Mayagüe, amigo sesule +Güegüence. En nombre mo Cabildo Real te damos los</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -4480,38 +4442,38 @@ Güegüence. En nombre mo Cabildo Real te damos los</p> <p>59</p> -<p><i>Don Am.</i> It came from sleeping with you, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Don Am.</i> It came from sleeping with you, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Shut up, you bad breed. See, my boy, what a +<p><i>Güe.</i> Shut up, you bad breed. See, my boy, what a gay lady this other one is.</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> This one? Yes, she suits me, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> You know how to choose, my boy; but you +<p><i>Güe.</i> You know how to choose, my boy; but you don't know how to choose a good axe to make a good clearing.</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> That also, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Governor Tastuanes, let us make a trade and a +<p><i>Güe.</i> Governor Tastuanes, let us make a trade and a treaty.</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> I will make it, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Gov.</i> I will make it, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> I will make it, Governor Tastuanes. What I feel +<p><i>Güe.</i> I will make it, Governor Tastuanes. What I feel is the loss of my boy.</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> I don't know about that, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Gov.</i> I don't know about that, Güegüence.</p> <blockquote><p>(The marriage takes place.)</p></blockquote> <p><i>Gov.</i> My son, Captain Chief Alguacil, let it be known in the quarters of my Royal Province that this good-for-nothing -Güegüence is going to treat the Royal Court to +Güegüence is going to treat the Royal Court to a yoke of jars of Spanish wine.</p> <p><i>Reg.</i> Suspend [business], Mr. Chief Alguacil, and -attend, friend good-for-nothing Güegüence. In the name +attend, friend good-for-nothing Güegüence. In the name of the Royal Court, we give the congratulations, and also</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -4520,47 +4482,47 @@ of the Royal Court, we give the congratulations, and also</p> <p>60</p> -<p>parabienes de eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche, de -inmenso que goce con Don Forcico, tu hijo, Güegüence.</p> +<p>parabienes de eguan mo Doña Suche-Malinche, de +inmenso que goce con Don Forcico, tu hijo, Güegüence.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Ha, Güegüence, asanegualigua y Provincia Real del +<p>Ha, Güegüence, asanegualigua y Provincia Real del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes y paltechua obedecer con una yunta -de botijas de vino de Castilla en chocolá y paltechua +de botijas de vino de Castilla en chocolá y paltechua brindar mo Cabildo Real del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Ha, muchachos, ya lo ven, aviados estamos. Bueno es, ser casado, pero ahora se nos ofrece un gran trabajo. Ya viene el provincial y no tenemos provision. Amigo -Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, á onde dejó al provincial, en Managua -ó en Nindiri?</p> +Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, á onde dejó al provincial, en Managua +ó en Nindiri?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Acaso no me cele de provincial, Güegüence; una yunta +<p>Acaso no me cele de provincial, Güegüence; una yunta de botijas de vino.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Ya lo ven, muchachos, una yunta de bueyes, y ha de ser con carreta.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Acaso no me cele de bueyes ò de carreta, Güegüence. -Una yunta de botijas de vino de Castilla para en chocolá +<p>Acaso no me cele de bueyes ò de carreta, Güegüence. +Una yunta de botijas de vino de Castilla para en chocolá brindar su Cabildo Real Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Ya lo ves, muchacho, en que empeño me metes, con ser +<p>Ya lo ves, muchacho, en que empeño me metes, con ser casado. Ya ves la providencia que pide el Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, una yunta de botijas de vino de Castilla para -en chocolá del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes; te atreves á buscarla -ó á sacarla, muchacho?</p> +en chocolá del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes; te atreves á buscarla +ó á sacarla, muchacho?</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -4569,14 +4531,14 @@ en chocolá del Sor. Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes; te atreves á buscarla <p>61</p> <p>to the lady Suche Malinche, that she may enjoy herself -hugely with Don Forcico, your son, Güegüence.</p> +hugely with Don Forcico, your son, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Ha, Güegüence! it is known in the Royal Province +<p><i>Alg.</i> Ha, Güegüence! it is known in the Royal Province of the Governor Tastuanes that you are to obey him, and treat the Royal Court of the Governor Tastuanes to a yoke of jars of Spanish wine.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Ho, boys! you see we are already provided for. +<p><i>Güe.</i> Ho, boys! you see we are already provided for. It is a fine thing to be married, but now we have a big job on hand. The Provincial is coming, and we have not prepared for him. Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, where @@ -4585,14 +4547,14 @@ did you leave the Provincial, in Managua or in Nindiri?</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> Perhaps I don't care about the Provincial; a yoke of wine-jars.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Now you see, boys, a yoke of oxen, and, no +<p><i>Güe.</i> Now you see, boys, a yoke of oxen, and, no doubt, the cart as well.</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Perhaps I don't care about carts or oxen, Güegüence; +<p><i>Alg.</i> Perhaps I don't care about carts or oxen, Güegüence; a yoke of jars of Spanish wine for a lunch, to treat the Royal Court of Governor Tastuanes.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Now, boy, you see in what a bother you put me +<p><i>Güe.</i> Now, boy, you see in what a bother you put me by getting married. Now you see the contribution which the Governor asks, a yoke of jars of Spanish wine for the Governor's lunch. Are you equal to hunting for @@ -4608,7 +4570,7 @@ it, or to getting it, boy?</p> <p>No tengo de onde, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Para escojer mosamonte si eres bueno. Te atreves a buscar una yunta de botijas de vino de Castilla, Don @@ -4616,28 +4578,28 @@ Ambrosio?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Ambrosio.</i></p> -<p>No tengo de onde, Güegüence.</p> +<p>No tengo de onde, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Que cosa buena has de hacer, mala casta! Con que, -¿no te atreves, muchacho?</p> +¿no te atreves, muchacho?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> <p>No, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Pues á ganar ò á perder voy à buscar la yunta de +<p>Pues á ganar ò á perder voy à buscar la yunta de botijas de vino.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>No vaya, tatita, ya me avié de la yunta de botijas de +<p>No vaya, tatita, ya me avié de la yunta de botijas de vino.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>A onde te aviastes, muchacho?</p> @@ -4645,17 +4607,17 @@ vino.</p> <p>En casa de un amigo.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Quien te enseño hacer amigo?</p> +<p>Quien te enseño hacer amigo?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> <p>Usted, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Calla, muchacho, que dirá la gente que yo te enseño á +<p>Calla, muchacho, que dirá la gente que yo te enseño á hacer amigo?</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -4666,32 +4628,32 @@ hacer amigo?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> I don't know whence, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> You are bold enough to choose [a wife] presumptuously. +<p><i>Güe.</i> You are bold enough to choose [a wife] presumptuously. Are you bold enough to hunt up a yoke of jars of Spanish wine, Don Ambrosio?</p> -<p><i>Don Am.</i> I don't know where, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Don Am.</i> I don't know where, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> What are you good for, you bad breed? Well, +<p><i>Güe.</i> What are you good for, you bad breed? Well, don't <i>you</i> dare to, boy?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> No, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, then, be it to win or lose, I shall go in +<p><i>Güe.</i> Well, then, be it to win or lose, I shall go in search of the wine myself.</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> Don't go, little papa, I have already provided the wine.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Where did you get it, boy?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Where did you get it, boy?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> In the house of a friend.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Who taught you to make a friend?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Who taught you to make a friend?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> You, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Shut up, boy. What will the folks say [if they +<p><i>Güe.</i> Shut up, boy. What will the folks say [if they hear] that I taught you to make a friend?</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -4702,21 +4664,21 @@ hear] that I taught you to make a friend?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Ambrosio.</i></p> -<p>Y pues no es verdad que enseñas á malas mañas á tu +<p>Y pues no es verdad que enseñas á malas mañas á tu hijo?</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Arra ya, mala casta! malas mañas como las tienes vos. +<p>Arra ya, mala casta! malas mañas como las tienes vos. Amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>, ya estamos aviados de la yunta -de botijas de vino, no habrá un macho de la cofradia ò +de botijas de vino, no habrá un macho de la cofradia ò de la comunidad?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> <p>Vean, que fama de hombre de bien!</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Soy hombre de bien. Traigo mis machos, pero estan algo raspados desde su cruz hasta su rabo a lichuas diligencia, @@ -4733,15 +4695,15 @@ de los machos?</p> <p>Ya estan cojidos los machos, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Encojidos? Será de frio.</p> +<p>Encojidos? Será de frio.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> <p>Los machos ya estan cojidos.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Cojudos? Pues no eran capones.</p> @@ -4758,14 +4720,14 @@ de los machos?</p> <p><i>Don Am.</i> And is it not true that you teach your son evil ways?</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Get out, you bad breed; you are the one with +<p><i>Güe.</i> Get out, you bad breed; you are the one with evil ways. Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, we have now provided the wine. Have you not a mule of the brotherhood, or of the village?</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> See, what a reputation for an honest man!</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> I am an honest man. I have my own mules, +<p><i>Güe.</i> I am an honest man. I have my own mules, but they are a little raw, from withers to crupper, in consequence of my energy, Captain Chief Alguacil. Ha, boys! what about the mules?</p> @@ -4777,11 +4739,11 @@ as mules.)</p></blockquote> <p><i>Don For.</i> The mules are now driven up, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Shriveled up? That must be from cold.</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Shriveled up? That must be from cold.</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> I say the mules are driven up.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Livin' studs? Then they were not altered.</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Livin' studs? Then they were not altered.</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> The mules are driven up.</p> @@ -4791,16 +4753,16 @@ as mules.)</p></blockquote> <p>66</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Cojidos los machos? Pues hableme recio! A onde estan los machos?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>Aquí estan, tatita.</p> +<p>Aquà estan, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Que macho es este puntero, muchacho?</p> @@ -4808,15 +4770,15 @@ estan los machos?</p> <p>El macho viejo, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Y este otro macho?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>El macho guajaqueño.</p> +<p>El macho guajaqueño.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Y este otro macho?</p> @@ -4824,7 +4786,7 @@ estan los machos?</p> <p>El macho mohino.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Y este otro macho?</p> @@ -4832,21 +4794,21 @@ estan los machos?</p> <p>El macho moto.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>¿Ya aparejaron, muchachos?</p> +<p>¿Ya aparejaron, muchachos?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> <p>No, tatita, aparejeselos Vd.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Todo lo ha de hacer el viejo.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>Sí, es mejor, tatita.</p> +<p>SÃ, es mejor, tatita.</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -4854,32 +4816,32 @@ estan los machos?</p> <p>67</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Driven up, are they? Speak out loud to me. +<p><i>Güe.</i> Driven up, are they? Speak out loud to me. Where are the mules?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> Here they are, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Which mule is this thin one, boy?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Which mule is this thin one, boy?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> The old mule, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> And this other mule?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> And this other mule?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> That is the dried-up one.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> And this other?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> And this other?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> That is the quarrelsome mule.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> And this other one?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> And this other one?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> The rowdy mule.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Are they harnessed, boys?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Are they harnessed, boys?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> No, little papa; harness them yourself.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> The old man has to do everything.</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> The old man has to do everything.</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> Yes, it's better, little papa.</p> @@ -4889,53 +4851,53 @@ Where are the mules?</p> <p>68</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Ya está sana la cinchera de este macho, muchacho?</p> +<p>Ya está sana la cinchera de este macho, muchacho?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>Ya está, tatita.</p> +<p>Ya está, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Y este otro macho ¿ya esta sana la riñonada?</p> +<p>Y este otro macho ¿ya esta sana la riñonada?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>Ya está, tatita.</p> +<p>Ya está, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Que sana ha de estar, muchacho, si asi tanta estaca tiene -por delante? A onde se estacó este macho, muchacho?</p> +por delante? A onde se estacó este macho, muchacho?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> <p>En el potrero, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Eso merece por ralirse del potrero á otro potrero. Y -la vaticola de este macho, ya está sana, muchacho?</p> +<p>Eso merece por ralirse del potrero á otro potrero. Y +la vaticola de este macho, ya está sana, muchacho?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>Ya está, tatita.</p> +<p>Ya está, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Que sana ha de estar, muchacho, si le ha bajado la flucion por de bajo de las piernas y la tiene muy hinchada? -Reviéntalo, muchacho.</p> +Reviéntalo, muchacho.</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>Reviéntelo Vd, tatita.</p> +<p>Reviéntelo Vd, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Ahi se reventará solo, muchacho, que falta?</p> +<p>Ahi se reventará solo, muchacho, que falta?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> @@ -4947,34 +4909,34 @@ Reviéntalo, muchacho.</p> <p>69</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Is the girth-gall of this mule well yet, boy?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Is the girth-gall of this mule well yet, boy?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> It is, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> And this other mule, is its backband-gall well +<p><i>Güe.</i> And this other mule, is its backband-gall well yet?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> It is, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> How can it be well if it has such a stick in front +<p><i>Güe.</i> How can it be well if it has such a stick in front of it? Where did this mule run such a stick in itself, boy?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> In the colt yard, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> That is what it deserved for running from one +<p><i>Güe.</i> That is what it deserved for running from one pasture to another. And the crupper-gall of this other mule, is it now well, boy?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> It is, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> How can it be well, boy, if the inflammation +<p><i>Güe.</i> How can it be well, boy, if the inflammation has passed down beneath the legs, and there's a great swelling there? Burst it open, boy.</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> Burst it open yourself, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> It will burst of itself, boy. What's wanting +<p><i>Güe.</i> It will burst of itself, boy. What's wanting now?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> Heave up the pack, little papa.</p> @@ -4985,23 +4947,23 @@ now?</p> <p>70</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>¿Calentar el jarro?</p> +<p>¿Calentar el jarro?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> <p>Alzar el fardo.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Ha! el fardo! A onde está el fardo?</p> +<p>Ha! el fardo! A onde está el fardo?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> -<p>Aqui está tatita.</p> +<p>Aqui está tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>A mi tiempo, cuando fui muchacho, el tiempo del hilo azul, cuando me vei en aquellos campos de los Diriomos @@ -5009,9 +4971,9 @@ alzando aquellos fardos de guayabas,—no muchachos?</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Date priesa, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Date priesa, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Me llevas preso? Porque, amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup>?</p> @@ -5019,25 +4981,25 @@ alzando aquellos fardos de guayabas,—no muchachos?</p> <p>Que te des priesa!</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Dejeme acordar de mi tiempo, que con eso me consuelo. -Ha! muchachos, para onde vamos, para atras ò +Ha! muchachos, para onde vamos, para atras ò para delante?</p> <p class="center"><i>D. Forcico.</i></p> <p>Para delante, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Pues, á la guia, muchachos.</p> +<p>Pues, á la guia, muchachos.</p> <blockquote><p>Aqui se montan los muchachos en los machos.</p></blockquote> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Muchachos, ¿no habrá un peinador para brindar el +<p>Muchachos, ¿no habrá un peinador para brindar el Cabildo Real del Sor Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuane?</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -5046,36 +5008,36 @@ Cabildo Real del Sor Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuane?</p> <p>71</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Heat up the flask?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Heat up the flask?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> Heave up the pack.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> O! the pack. Where is the pack?</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> O! the pack. Where is the pack?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> Here it is, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> In my time, when I was a boy, in the time of +<p><i>Güe.</i> In my time, when I was a boy, in the time of the blue thread, when I was in those plains of the Diriomos, lifting those packs of guayabas—isn't it so, boys?</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Hurry up, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> Hurry up, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> You take me up? What for, friend Captain +<p><i>Güe.</i> You take me up? What for, friend Captain Chief Alguacil?</p> <p><i>Alg.</i> I mean hurry up.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Let me recall old times, that I may console +<p><i>Güe.</i> Let me recall old times, that I may console myself with that. Say, boys, do we go in front or behind?</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> In front, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Then go ahead, boys.</p> +<p><i>Güe.</i> Then go ahead, boys.</p> <blockquote><p>(The boys mount the mules.)</p></blockquote> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Boys, isn't there a cheeky fellow to toast the +<p><i>Güe.</i> Boys, isn't there a cheeky fellow to toast the Royal Court of the Governor Tastuanes?</p> <hr class="hrp" /> @@ -5088,14 +5050,14 @@ Royal Court of the Governor Tastuanes?</p> <p>Si, hay, tatita.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Señor Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, asaneganeme Castilla en +<p>Señor Gob<sup>or</sup> Tastuanes, asaneganeme Castilla en chocola de vino.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> -<p>Siguale, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Siguale, Güegüence.</p> <p class="center"><i>Gobernador.</i></p> @@ -5104,29 +5066,29 @@ de vino.</p> <p class="center"><i>Escribano.</i></p> -<p>Siguale, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Siguale, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Sor. Regidor Real, asaneganeme Castilla en chocola de vino.</p> <p class="center"><i>Regidor.</i></p> -<p>Siguale, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Siguale, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> <p>Amigo Cap<sup>n</sup> Alg<sup>l</sup> M<sup>or</sup> asaneganeme Castilla en chocola de vino.</p> <p class="center"><i>Alguacil.</i></p> -<p>Siguale, Güegüence.</p> +<p>Siguale, Güegüence.</p> -<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Güegüence.</i></p> -<p>Pues nosotros, á la gorra, muchachos!</p> +<p>Pues nosotros, á la gorra, muchachos!</p> <p> </p> @@ -5140,27 +5102,27 @@ de vino.</p> <p><i>Don For.</i> Yes, there is, little papa.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Governor Tastuanes, let me offer you some +<p><i>Güe.</i> Governor Tastuanes, let me offer you some Spanish wine, as a treat.</p> -<p><i>Gov.</i> Follow him, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Gov.</i> Follow him, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Mr. Secretary, let me offer you some Spanish +<p><i>Güe.</i> Mr. Secretary, let me offer you some Spanish wine, as a treat.</p> -<p><i>Sec.</i> Follow him, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Sec.</i> Follow him, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Mr. Registrar, let me offer you some Spanish +<p><i>Güe.</i> Mr. Registrar, let me offer you some Spanish wine, as a treat.</p> -<p><i>Reg.</i> Follow him, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Reg.</i> Follow him, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, let me offer you +<p><i>Güe.</i> Friend Captain Chief Alguacil, let me offer you some Spanish wine, as a treat.</p> -<p><i>Alg.</i> Follow him, Güegüence.</p> +<p><i>Alg.</i> Follow him, Güegüence.</p> -<p><i>Güe.</i> Then, for us, boys; we'll get it for nothing, and +<p><i>Güe.</i> Then, for us, boys; we'll get it for nothing, and drink it ourselves.</p> <p> </p> @@ -5175,7 +5137,7 @@ drink it ourselves.</p> <h2><a name="NOTES" id="NOTES"></a>NOTES.</h2> -<p><i><a href="#Page_4">Page 4.</a></i> The Dramatis Personæ. These have been discussed +<p><i><a href="#Page_4">Page 4.</a></i> The Dramatis Personæ. These have been discussed in the Introduction, page <a href="#Page_xlv">xlv</a>. I may add that the "Regidor de Cana" may be for "Regidor Decano." Otherwise I do not see a meaning to it. The term "Alguacil" @@ -5193,17 +5155,17 @@ of the inseparable possessive pronoun of the first person, <i>no</i>, and <i>tepiltzin</i>, an affectionate or reverential form, from the root <i>pilli</i>. The expression need not be taken as literally meaning relationship, as the Nahuas used the formula -<i>nopiltzintzinê</i> in addressing all persons of position. "<i>Ma moyolicaizin</i>, -<i>Nopiltzintzine</i>, seas bien venido, ó ilustre Señor." +<i>nopiltzintzinê</i> in addressing all persons of position. "<i>Ma moyolicaizin</i>, +<i>Nopiltzintzine</i>, seas bien venido, ó ilustre Señor." Carochi, <i>Gram. Mex.</i>, p. 20.</p> -<p><i>Ya tiguala neme</i>, I take to be <i>yê tiqualli tinemi</i>, in which <i>yê</i> +<p><i>Ya tiguala neme</i>, I take to be <i>yê tiqualli tinemi</i>, in which <i>yê</i> is a particle of contraposition, and both the adjective-adverb <i>qualli</i>, and the verb <i>nemi</i>, to live, to be, are preceded by the second personal pronoun <i>ti</i>. The compound <i>mascamayagua</i> appears to be from <i>maxca</i>, yours, literally, your thing (<i>mo</i>, your, <i>axca</i>, thing), and the optative particle <i>mayecuele</i>, -equivalent to the Spanish <i>ojalá</i>; hence the meaning is +equivalent to the Spanish <i>ojalá</i>; hence the meaning is "yours to command," or "at your service."</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span></p><p>In his next words the Governor uses a phrase which is @@ -5246,26 +5208,26 @@ full expression should be.</p> <p><i>Ya nemo niqui nistipampa</i>, is a frequent reply in the play to a formal salutation of a superior. I have translated it as -some corruption of the Nahuatl words, <i>yê nemonequi +some corruption of the Nahuatl words, <i>yê nemonequi nixtlipampa</i>, literally, "my presence is proper," <i>i. e.</i>, "I am present before you, as is my duty." The Alguacil, as having charge of the patrol, hastens to speak of its wretched -uniform. The adjective <i>sesule</i>, constantly applied to Güegüence, +uniform. The adjective <i>sesule</i>, constantly applied to Güegüence, evidently in a depreciatory manner, is probably from -the Nah. <i>tçulli</i>, worthless.</p> +the Nah. <i>tçulli</i>, worthless.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span> <i><a href="#Page_10">Page 10.</a></i> While the Governor and Alguacil are conversing, -Güegüence and his sons enter, and overhear the last directions +Güegüence and his sons enter, and overhear the last directions of the Governor. All three understand whom he -means, but it is the cue of Güegüence to assume a different +means, but it is the cue of Güegüence to assume a different signification. To the brusque rejoinder of Don Ambrosio he pretends to be deaf, and this feigned difficulty of hearing is depended on as one of the main elements of the comic throughout.</p> <p>The epithet <i>mala casta</i>, of bad blood, as applied by -Güegüence to his own (putative) son, becomes intelligible +Güegüence to his own (putative) son, becomes intelligible later in the play, where it is stated that he was begotten during his legal father's absence in Mexico.</p> @@ -5274,23 +5236,23 @@ exactly a boasting, bragging charlatan. Dr. Valentine suggests "blower," in the slang sense of that word.</p> <p><i><a href="#Page_12">Page 12.</a></i> <i>Asuyungua.</i> The numerous words which begin in -<i>asu</i>, <i>asa</i>, and <i>ase</i>, seem to be compounds with the Nah <i>aço</i>, +<i>asu</i>, <i>asa</i>, and <i>ase</i>, seem to be compounds with the Nah <i>aço</i>, "perhaps," used in introducing a positive statement mildly, -or in presenting a question in the form of an assertion, as <i>aço -amo timoçahua</i>, "perhaps you have not fasted," meaning +or in presenting a question in the form of an assertion, as <i>aço +amo timoçahua</i>, "perhaps you have not fasted," meaning "you surely have not." (Carochi.) It is usually combined with other particles, and the analysis of such compounds in the altered form presented in the text becomes exceedingly uncertain.</p> <p>After the announcement of his person and official position -by the Alguacil, Güegüence repeats his titles in a tone of +by the Alguacil, Güegüence repeats his titles in a tone of affected admiration, and inquires after his staff of office, which was not visible. This staff was all-important to the dignity of an alcalde or alguacil. In Nahuatl this official is -called <i>topilê</i>, he who carries the staff, from <i>topilli</i>, staff.</p> +called <i>topilê</i>, he who carries the staff, from <i>topilli</i>, staff.</p> -<p><a name="P14notes" id="P14notes"></a><i><a href="#Page_14">Page 14.</a></i> Güegüence, who has no desire to appear before +<p><a name="P14notes" id="P14notes"></a><i><a href="#Page_14">Page 14.</a></i> Güegüence, who has no desire to appear before the Governor, makes an excuse that he will learn how to fly, and is about leaving, when he is called back by the Alguacil. The words <i>te calas</i>, <i>qui provincia real</i>, should probably read, @@ -5298,7 +5260,7 @@ The words <i>te calas</i>, <i>qui provincia real</i>, should probably read, on page <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.</p> <p><i><a href="#Page_16">Page 16.</a></i> Having agreed to take a lesson in etiquette, -Güegüence pretends quite to misunderstand the Alguacil, +Güegüence pretends quite to misunderstand the Alguacil, when he claims pay for his instructions.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span></p><p><i>Redes</i>, "nets" of salted fish. The reference is to the @@ -5319,7 +5281,7 @@ Such eyes were considered to exercise an evil influence, and to bring bad luck.</p> <p><i><a href="#Page_20">Page 20.</a></i> <i>Doblar.</i> This Spanish word means to toll a -bell, as at a death. Güegüence chooses to understand the +bell, as at a death. Güegüence chooses to understand the Alguacil's demand for <i>doubloons</i> to be a request to <i>doblar</i>, and hastens to announce to his sons that the Alguacil has suddenly died.</p> @@ -5330,7 +5292,7 @@ died.</p> </div> -<p><i><a href="#Page_24">Page 24.</a></i> The coins which Güegüence names are those of +<p><i><a href="#Page_24">Page 24.</a></i> The coins which Güegüence names are those of the old Spanish currency. A cuarto was a brass piece, equal to a half-penny English, or one American cent (Delpino, <i>Spanish and English Dictionary</i>, 1763.) It was worth four @@ -5342,7 +5304,7 @@ to show, to disclose; <i>congon</i> may perhaps be a corruption of <i>conetontli</i>, boy.</p> <p>The Alguacil now begins his instruction, and repeats, for -the benefit of Güegüence, the proper salutation which should +the benefit of Güegüence, the proper salutation which should be used in addressing the Governor. The old man pretends to misunderstand them, and makes use of other words, similar in sound, but of an insulting signification. I have not succeeded @@ -5354,7 +5316,7 @@ unintelligible to me, and the rendering is little more than a guess. The phrase is the same as at the foot of p. <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</p> <p>In the midst of the conversation the Governor suddenly -appears, and Güegüence turns to him with the customary and +appears, and Güegüence turns to him with the customary and proper salutation, thus showing that his desire for instruction from the Alguacil was a sham.</p> @@ -5410,7 +5372,7 @@ openly.</p> <p><i><a href="#Page_40">Page 40.</a></i> The reference to the star would seem to be that when the tent is opened a star is visible through it, which -Güegüence offers to the Governor.</p> +Güegüence offers to the Governor.</p> <p><i>Para tu cuerpo</i>, "an extremely filthy expression." (Dr. Valentine.)</p> @@ -5444,16 +5406,16 @@ none of my advisers can explain. <i>Tuna</i> is the prickly pear, (See Don J. Arias Giron, <i>Costumbres Salamanquinas</i>.)</p> <p><i><a href="#Page_54">Page 54.</a></i> When the Governor uses the Nahuatl word -<i>mocemati</i>, presumptuously, Güegüence feigns to understand +<i>mocemati</i>, presumptuously, Güegüence feigns to understand him to say <i>desmonte</i>, which means, in Nicaraguan Spanish, a clearing, and also the worthless waste products thrown out of a mine.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span> -<i><a href="#Page_56">Page 56.</a></i> Güegüence leads in several girls, and presents +<i><a href="#Page_56">Page 56.</a></i> Güegüence leads in several girls, and presents them to Don Forcico, which gives the pair an opportunity for some coarse jokes. <i>Pachaca</i>, stuffed up, here meant in -the sense of being with child. <i>Iguana ô garroba</i>, the latter +the sense of being with child. <i>Iguana ô garroba</i>, the latter the male of the iguana, a thick tree lizard of the tropics. <i>Aventada</i>, puffed up, taken in the same sense as <i>pachaca</i>.</p> @@ -5471,8 +5433,8 @@ in the following cut.</p> probably so called from having been carried by a neck yoke, one suspended on each side.</p> -<p><i><a href="#Page_60">Page 60.</a></i> The Alguacil speaks to Güegüence of toasting, -<i>brindar</i>, the Court, and Güegüence feigns to hear him speak +<p><i><a href="#Page_60">Page 60.</a></i> The Alguacil speaks to Güegüence of toasting, +<i>brindar</i>, the Court, and Güegüence feigns to hear him speak of the <i>provincial</i> or ecclesiastical officer in charge of the province. It is an example of assonance which is lost in the translation. Managua and Nindiri are towns in the Mangue @@ -5485,12 +5447,12 @@ bueyes</i>, a yoke of oxen.</p> <p><i><a href="#Page_62">Page 62.</a></i> <i>Hacer amigo</i>, to make a friend. This is the phrase which is used by courtezans with reference to securing a male patron to pay their expenses, and for that reason -Güegüence affects to be shocked by the employment of it by +Güegüence affects to be shocked by the employment of it by Don Forcico.</p> <p><i><a href="#Page_64">Page 64.</a></i> The words of the Alguacil, "What a reputation, etc.," are with reference to the charge of Don Ambrosio, -that Güegüence had taught his son evil ways.</p> +that Güegüence had taught his son evil ways.</p> <p>The introduction of the mules, <i>i. e.</i>, the actors dressed as mules, as described on page <a href="#Page_xlviii">xlviii</a>, is the occasion of several @@ -5508,7 +5470,7 @@ the season of the year when the verdure reappears after the drouth. F. Diego Duran states that the village conjurors were accustomed to suspend charms to the necks of boys by blue and green threads. (<i>Historia de las Indias de la Nueva -España.</i> Tom. II, p. 275.) Thus understood, the time of +España.</i> Tom. II, p. 275.) Thus understood, the time of the blue thread would be equivalent to boyhood.</p> <p><i>Campos de los Diriomos.</i> The Mangue word <i>Diriomo</i> @@ -5522,7 +5484,7 @@ a small apple.</p> <p><i><a href="#Page_72">Page 72.</a></i> <i>A la gorra</i>, literally "for the cap," an idiom meaning that one receives something merely for taking off the cap; a gratuity. Dr. Valentine, however, writes me: -"I understand <i>nosotros á la gorra</i> to mean 'then we shall +"I understand <i>nosotros á la gorra</i> to mean 'then we shall have to do without.'"</p> @@ -5545,23 +5507,23 @@ have to do without.'"</p> animals.</p> <p> <span class="large">Asa—</span>. The various words beginning thus are compounds -commencing with the Nah. <i>aço</i>, which expresses a +commencing with the Nah. <i>aço</i>, which expresses a doubt, or implies a question, == perhaps, maybe. Olmos -says: "Quiere decir <i>por ventura</i>, respondiendo ô +says: "Quiere decir <i>por ventura</i>, respondiendo ô dudando."—<i>Gram. Nahuatl</i>, p. 179.</p> <p> -<span class="large">Asama—</span>. This prefix to various words is the Nah. <i>açoma</i>, -which is a strengthened form of <i>aço</i>.—Carochi, +<span class="large">Asama—</span>. This prefix to various words is the Nah. <i>açoma</i>, +which is a strengthened form of <i>aço</i>.—Carochi, <i>Gram. Mex.</i>, p. 181. The syllable <i>ma</i> is also the sign of the imperative.</p> <p> -<span class="large">Asamaquimate</span>, Nah. A compound of <i>açamo</i>, as above, +<span class="large">Asamaquimate</span>, Nah. A compound of <i>açamo</i>, as above, and <i>mati</i>, to know. The <i>qui</i> is the objective pronoun of the third singular, him, her, it, that; but its employment in this connection is incorrect.</p> <p> <span class="large">Asamatimaguas</span>, <i>or</i> —timagas, Nah. Probably from -<i>açoma</i> (see above), and either <i>temachtico</i>, to +<i>açoma</i> (see above), and either <i>temachtico</i>, to come to teach, or tell; or <i>temaca</i>, to give something to a person.</p> <p> @@ -5570,26 +5532,26 @@ something to a person.</p> <span class="large">Asanegaguala</span>, <i>see</i> <a href="#Asanegualigua">Asanegualigua</a>.</p> <p> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span> -<span class="large"><a name="Asaneganeme" id="Asaneganeme">Asaneganeme</a></span>, Nah. Probably <i>aço ni ca nemactia</i>, the last +<span class="large"><a name="Asaneganeme" id="Asaneganeme">Asaneganeme</a></span>, Nah. Probably <i>aço ni ca nemactia</i>, the last word meaning to give or offer something to another, "perhaps I may offer something," == "May I offer you some?"</p> <p> -<span class="large"><a name="Asanegualigua" id="Asanegualigua">Asanegualigua</a></span>, Nah. Probably <i>aço</i> and <i>necuilhuia</i>, to deal, +<span class="large"><a name="Asanegualigua" id="Asanegualigua">Asanegualigua</a></span>, Nah. Probably <i>aço</i> and <i>necuilhuia</i>, to deal, bargain, treat for.</p> <p> -<span class="large">Asanese</span>, Nah. p. <a href="#Page_42">42</a>. A compound of <i>aço</i> and some unknown +<span class="large">Asanese</span>, Nah. p. <a href="#Page_42">42</a>. A compound of <i>aço</i> and some unknown word. Probably == <i>asones</i>, q.v.</p> <p> <span class="large">Asetato</span>, Sp. ant. and prov. for <i>sientate</i>, sit down.</p> <p> -<span class="large">Asiguala</span>, Nah. From <i>aço</i> and perhaps <i>qualani</i>, to grow +<span class="large">Asiguala</span>, Nah. From <i>aço</i> and perhaps <i>qualani</i>, to grow angry (?).</p> <p> -<span class="large">Asones</span>, Nah. From <i>aço</i>, and probably <i>nechca</i> or <i>nepa</i>, adverbs +<span class="large">Asones</span>, Nah. From <i>aço</i>, and probably <i>nechca</i> or <i>nepa</i>, adverbs of place and time, "these," "then," "once," "formerly." -Sometimes it is written <i>à sones</i>, and <i>asonesepa</i>.</p> +Sometimes it is written <i>à sones</i>, and <i>asonesepa</i>.</p> <p> -<span class="large">Asuyungua</span>, Nah. Compound of <i>aço</i> and <i>noyuhqui</i>, thus, in +<span class="large">Asuyungua</span>, Nah. Compound of <i>aço</i> and <i>noyuhqui</i>, thus, in this manner (? Cf. Carochi, <i>Gram. Mex.</i> p. 190).</p> <p> <span class="large">Ayugama</span>, Nah. == <i>ayoccampa</i>, nowhere, not at all, never.</p> @@ -5608,7 +5570,7 @@ to understand.<br /><br /></p> <p><span class="large">Cabildo</span>, Sp. A chapter; a council. In Central America, the municipal court. See p. <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</p> -<p><span class="large">Cabriolé</span>, Sp. A kind of riding coat; "a narrow riding coat +<p><span class="large">Cabriolé</span>, Sp. A kind of riding coat; "a narrow riding coat without sleeves." (Delpino, <i>Span. Dict.</i>)</p> <p><span class="large">Campaneme</span>, ?. p. <a href="#Page_28">28</a>. Probably for <i>campamento</i>.</p> @@ -5649,7 +5611,7 @@ where the saddle girth is fastened.</p> <p><span class="large">Cojudo</span>, Sp. Not castrated. Applied to the entire horse, etc.</p> <p><span class="large">Columbrar</span>, Sp. To descry, to discern at a distance. "Lo que -veo y columbro, respondió Sancho," etc.—Don +veo y columbro, respondió Sancho," etc.—Don Quixote, Pt. I, cap. xxi.</p> <p><span class="large">Congon</span>, Nah. p. <a href="#Page_24">24</a>. Perhaps <i>conetontli</i>, a boy, or young @@ -5689,18 +5651,18 @@ from a mine. See note, page <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br /><br /></p> iguana (Berendt, <i>Lengua Castellana de Nicaragua</i>, MSS).</p> -<p><span class="large">Guajaqueño</span>, Nah. From <i>quauhuaqui</i>, to appear thin and +<p><span class="large">Guajaqueño</span>, Nah. From <i>quauhuaqui</i>, to appear thin and dry, like a stick.</p> <p><span class="large">Guancos</span>, Sp. prov. for <i>guanacos</i>, foolish, silly persons.</p> -<p><span class="large">Güil</span>, Sp. prov. Probably for <i>que es el</i>, or <i>quel</i>, who is the, or +<p><span class="large">Güil</span>, Sp. prov. Probably for <i>que es el</i>, or <i>quel</i>, who is the, or which?</p> <p><span class="large">Guipil</span>, Nah. A form of <i>gueipil</i>, or <i>huipilli</i>. The short skirt, without sleeves, used by the Indian women. "Camisa de algodon sin mangas."—Jesus Sanchez, <i>Glosario de -Voces Castellanas derivadas del Náhuatl</i>, s.v.</p> +Voces Castellanas derivadas del Náhuatl</i>, s.v.</p> <p><span class="large">Guiso</span>, <i>see</i> <a href="#Tumaguiso">Tomaguiso</a>.<br /><br /></p> @@ -5721,7 +5683,7 @@ is used in some districts. (Berendt.)<br /><br /></p> word). See page <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</p> <p><span class="large">Macho</span>, Sp. A male of any animal, especially of a mule; used -generally for mule in the Güegüence.</p> +generally for mule in the Güegüence.</p> <p><span class="large">Macho-raton</span>, Sp. Literally, "the male mouse," but in Nicaragua applied to a fantastic costume, and hence @@ -5734,7 +5696,7 @@ jack.</p> <i>Gram. Mex.</i>, p. 136).</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span> -<span class="large">Maneta</span>, Nah. Probably the imperative form of <i>nextia</i> (<i>mâ xi +<span class="large">Maneta</span>, Nah. Probably the imperative form of <i>nextia</i> (<i>mâ xi nextia</i>), to show, to disclose or inform.</p> <p><span class="large">Mascamayagua</span>, Nah. A compound of <i>maxca</i> (== <i>mo, axca</i>) @@ -5769,7 +5731,7 @@ much, used as an intensive particle.</p> <p><span class="large">Mo</span>, Nah. Second person, sing., of the inseparable possessive pronoun, <i>no</i>, my, <i>mo</i>, thy, <i>y</i>, his, <i>to</i>, our, <i>amo</i>, your, <i>yn</i>, their. <i>Mo</i> is also the reflexive pronoun of the third person singular, -and appears to be occasionally used in the Güegüence as +and appears to be occasionally used in the Güegüence as the possessive of the third person, probably from analogy with the Spanish <i>su</i>.</p> @@ -5842,7 +5804,7 @@ Carochi, <i>Gram. Mex.</i>, p. 45.</p> pronoun. See <i>mo</i>. It is also used for the Spanish negative, <i>no</i>, not, throughout the play.</p> -<p><span class="large">Ñonguan</span>, page <a href="#Page_28">28</a>. An unknown word which, from its initial +<p><span class="large">Ñonguan</span>, page <a href="#Page_28">28</a>. An unknown word which, from its initial nasal, has the appearance of being from the Mangue tongue, in which this sound is very common.<br /><br /></p> @@ -5938,7 +5900,7 @@ mule in the line to the mule in front of it.</p> <p><span class="large">Remates</span>, Sp. prov. The finishing steps, or closing figures of a dance.</p> -<p><span class="large">Riñonada</span>. The hinder portion of a horse or mule, over +<p><span class="large">Riñonada</span>. The hinder portion of a horse or mule, over which passes one of the harness straps.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span> @@ -5965,10 +5927,10 @@ the name of the figures in a rough, noisy dance.</p> with some prefix, as <i>cepan</i>, together, or <i>ixpan</i>, in the presence of some one.</p> -<p><span class="large">Sesule</span>, Nah. A compound of <i>tçulli</i>, good for nothing, worthless, +<p><span class="large">Sesule</span>, Nah. A compound of <i>tçulli</i>, good for nothing, worthless, perhaps with <i>ce</i>, one, or <i>te</i>, some one. It is an adjective, applied in a depreciatory manner to the -Güegüence.</p> +Güegüence.</p> <p><span class="large">Sicana</span>, Nah. See <a href="#Cana"><i>Cana</i></a>.</p> @@ -6024,7 +5986,7 @@ are displayed for sale.</p> a basket for carrying fowls.</p> <p><span class="large"><a name="Tumaguiso" id="Tumaguiso">Tumaguiso</a></span>, Nah. A compound of <i>tuma</i>, to untie, open, and -<i>quiça</i>, a verbal termination, which signifies a +<i>quiça</i>, a verbal termination, which signifies a performance of the action of the verb to which it is added.—Olmos, <i>Gram. Nah.</i>, p. 157.</p> @@ -6037,7 +5999,7 @@ a plantation of the native American cactus figs, or prickly pears. See page <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.</p> <p><span class="large">Tupile</span>, Nah. An officer of justice, an alcalde or alguacil. -From <i>topilê</i>, he who carries a staff; <i>topilli</i>, staff, this +From <i>topilê</i>, he who carries a staff; <i>topilli</i>, staff, this being the badge of the office.<br /><br /></p> @@ -6167,7 +6129,7 @@ Gollena, Dr., <a href="#Page_xviii">xviii</a>.<br /> <br /> Gomara, <a href="#Page_vii">vii</a>.<br /> <br /> -Güegüence,<br /> +Güegüence,<br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Play described, <a href="#Page_xli">xli</a>.</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Derivation, <a href="#Page_xlv">xlv</a>.</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Story of, <a href="#Page_xlviii">xlviii</a>.</span><br /> @@ -6339,7 +6301,7 @@ Zapatero, Island, <a href="#Page_xxxiii">xxxiii</a>.<br /> de las Indias</i>, Lib. XXIX, cap. XXI, and Herrera, <i>Decadas de Indias</i>, Dec. III, Lib. IV, and see Dec. IV, Lib. VIII, cap. X.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> "<i>Nicaragua</i> es lo mismo que <i>Nica anahuac</i>, aqui estan los Mexicanos ò +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> "<i>Nicaragua</i> es lo mismo que <i>Nica anahuac</i>, aqui estan los Mexicanos ò Anahuacos." Fray Francisco Vasquez, <i>Cronica de la Provincia de Guatemala</i>, Parte II, Lib. V, cap. I (Guatemala, 1716). The form <i>Nicarao</i>, adopted by Dr. Berendt, is certainly corrupt, as the termination of a proper @@ -6357,9 +6319,9 @@ so many other writers.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> "La Gente de esta tierra decia, que havia descendido de la Mexicana; su Trage, i Lengua, era casi, como el de Mexico."—Herrera, Decada III, -Lib. V, Cap. XII. "Dicèn, que huvo en los tiempos antiguos, en Nueva -España una gran Seca, por lo qúal se fueron por aquella Mar Austral à -poblar à Nicaragua."—Id. Dec. III, Lib. IV, cap. VII. Torquemada, +Lib. V, Cap. XII. "Dicèn, que huvo en los tiempos antiguos, en Nueva +España una gran Seca, por lo qúal se fueron por aquella Mar Austral à +poblar à Nicaragua."—Id. Dec. III, Lib. IV, cap. VII. Torquemada, specifically quoting the traditions obtained from the oldest natives, states that the Nicaraguans came from Anahuac at no remote epoch.—<i>Monarquia Indiana</i>, Lib. III, cap. XL. See, also, Gomara, <i>Hist. de las Indias</i>, @@ -6368,7 +6330,7 @@ cap. 206.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> Prof. Buschmann, who obtained these names in a garbled form from Ternaux-Compans' translation of Oviedo, gave them up as insoluble, while recognizing their value as indicating the wanderings of the Nicaraguans. -"Unglücklicherweise," he says, "sind jene zwei Namen von so ungünstigem +"Unglücklicherweise," he says, "sind jene zwei Namen von so ungünstigem Gehalte, das ich nichts aus ihnen hervorlocken kann."—<i>Ueber die Aztekischen Ortsnamen</i>, p. 768 (Berlin, 1852).</p></div> @@ -6378,8 +6340,8 @@ and also from the explicit words of Oviedo and Gomara. Compare Herrera, Dec. III, Lib. IV, cap. VII, with Oviedo, <i>Hist. de las Indias</i>, Lib. XLII, cap. I, and Gomara, <i>Hist. de las Indias</i>, cap. 202.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> The word <i>mánkeme</i> is a derivative from <i>[chi]imá</i>, the head, whence the -Chapanec <i>d[chi]ämä</i>, the ruler or head man, and <i>mand[chi]ämä</i>, master, chief, in +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> The word <i>mánkeme</i> is a derivative from <i>[chi]imá</i>, the head, whence the +Chapanec <i>d[chi]ämä</i>, the ruler or head man, and <i>mand[chi]ämä</i>, master, chief, in which word <i>ma</i> is a possessive prefix, and <i>n</i> a particle, sometimes relative, sometimes euphonic, of exceedingly frequent use in this tongue. It may be compared to the Nahuatl <i>in</i>.</p></div> @@ -6450,14 +6412,14 @@ Masaya, 1842) a fragment of which is in my possession. </p><p> Dr. S. Habel, who visited Nicaragua in 1865, in spite of the greatest efforts, was unable to find a single person speaking Nahuatl; they told him -it was all forgotten.—<i>Archæological and Ethnological Investigations in +it was all forgotten.—<i>Archæological and Ethnological Investigations in Central and South America</i>, p. 24 (Washington, 1878).</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> The superior position of the Nahuatl among the Nicaraguan languages was noted by Benzoni, in his visit to that country, as early as about 1550. -He observes: "Parlano in Nicaragua quatro lenguaggi, pero la meglio è la +He observes: "Parlano in Nicaragua quatro lenguaggi, pero la meglio è la Messicana, laquale si stende piu di mille e cinquecento miglia di paese -and è la piu facile da imparare."—<i>Istoria del Nuovo Mondo</i>, p. 103 +and è la piu facile da imparare."—<i>Istoria del Nuovo Mondo</i>, p. 103 (Venetia, 1565).</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> "Una mezcla de Castellano y Mexicano, que ni en uno ni en otro @@ -6477,32 +6439,32 @@ in the Nicaraguan dialect.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> Oviedo, <i>Historia General de las Indias</i>, Lib. XLII, cap. XI. Precisely this baile, or one altogether like it, is described by Diego Duran as common in Mexico in his day (about 1580). He writes: "Tambien -usaban bailar al rededor de un volador alto vistiendose como pájaros y +usaban bailar al rededor de un volador alto vistiendose como pájaros y otras veces como monas volaban de lo alto de el dejandose venir por unas -cuerdas que en la punta de este palo estan arolladas, desliándose poco à +cuerdas que en la punta de este palo estan arolladas, desliándose poco à poco por un bastidor que tiene arriba," etc.—<i>Historia de las Indias de -Nueva España.</i> Tomo II, p. 232 (Mexico, 1880).</p></div> +Nueva España.</i> Tomo II, p. 232 (Mexico, 1880).</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> <i>Historia del Nuovo Mondo</i>, fol. 103 (Venetia, 1565). Benzoni gives a wood cut exhibiting the dances, but it is not instructive. Another traveler, -François Coreal, claimed to have visited Nicaragua about 1680, and also +François Coreal, claimed to have visited Nicaragua about 1680, and also describes the native dances, but in words so similar to Benzoni that it is an -evident plagiarism.—<i>Relation des Voyages de François Coreal aux Indes +evident plagiarism.—<i>Relation des Voyages de François Coreal aux Indes Occidentales</i>, Tome I, p. 88 (Amsterdam, 1722).</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_27_27" id="Footnote_27_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> Thomas Gage, <i>A New Survey of the West Indies</i>, p. 234 (4th Ed. London, 1699).</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> Letter to the London <i>Athæneum</i>, 1856, p. 1537. Oviedo also states +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> Letter to the London <i>Athæneum</i>, 1856, p. 1537. Oviedo also states that the songs sung at certain <i>bailes</i> were of an historical character, intended to recall the important incidents in personal and tribal history, "que les -quedan en lugar de historia é memoria de las cosas pasadas."—<i>Historia +quedan en lugar de historia é memoria de las cosas pasadas."—<i>Historia General de las Indias</i>, Lib. XLII, cap. XI.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> "Hay santos à quienes se hace el voto, en caso de enfermedad ú de -desgracia de ir á <i>bailar</i> ante su imagen, en tal pueblo, el dia de su fiesta, +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> "Hay santos à quienes se hace el voto, en caso de enfermedad ú de +desgracia de ir á <i>bailar</i> ante su imagen, en tal pueblo, el dia de su fiesta, cuando le sacan procesionalmente."—Pablo Levy, <i>Notas Geograficas y -Económicas sobre la Republica de Nicaragua</i>, p. 281 (Paris, 1873).</p></div> +Económicas sobre la Republica de Nicaragua</i>, p. 281 (Paris, 1873).</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_30_30" id="Footnote_30_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30_30"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> "Welligt blijkt de geesteloosheid dezer menschen nit niets zoo zeer als uit hunne dansen, een vermaak, hetwelk trouwens vrij zeldzaam onder @@ -6522,11 +6484,11 @@ took a more dramatic form and "differed little from the farces that followed them." See George Ticknor, <i>History of Spanish Literature</i>, vol. ii, pp. 527-529 (5th edition).</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_33_33" id="Footnote_33_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> "<i>Mosote.</i> Un casco ô gorra de cabuya teñida negra, con cola à trensa, +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_33_33" id="Footnote_33_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> "<i>Mosote.</i> Un casco ô gorra de cabuya teñida negra, con cola à trensa, usada en el baile de los <i>Chinegritos</i>."—Berendt, MSS.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_34_34" id="Footnote_34_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_34_34"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> "<i>Guaca.</i> Montecillo de sepultura de los inhabitantes antiguos. -Cueva; madriguera de animales. Hoyo subteraneo para madurar ô guardar +Cueva; madriguera de animales. Hoyo subteraneo para madurar ô guardar frutas y verduras."—Berendt, MSS.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_35_35" id="Footnote_35_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_35_35"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> <i>Nicaragua, Its People, Scenery and Monuments</i>, Vol. I, p. 340.</p></div> @@ -6538,7 +6500,7 @@ a good specimen of the Marimba.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_37_37" id="Footnote_37_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37_37"><span class="label">[37]</span></a> Arthur Morelet, <i>Voyage dans l'Amerique Centrale</i>, Tome II, pp. 42, 43 (Paris, 1857).</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_38_38" id="Footnote_38_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38_38"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> <i>Archæological Researches in Nicaragua</i>, p. 75 (Washington, 1881).</p></div> +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_38_38" id="Footnote_38_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38_38"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> <i>Archæological Researches in Nicaragua</i>, p. 75 (Washington, 1881).</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_39_39" id="Footnote_39_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_39_39"><span class="label">[39]</span></a> The most satisfactory discussion of native music is that by Theodore Baker, <i>Ueber die Musik der Nord Amerikanischen Wilden</i> (Leipzig, @@ -6575,19 +6537,19 @@ impossible."—<i>Memoria de la Parroquia de Villa Nueva</i>, p. 18. (Guatemala, 1868).</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_43_43" id="Footnote_43_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_43_43"><span class="label">[43]</span></a> See, for example, the <i>Rabinal-Achi, ou le Drame-Ballet du Tun</i>, in -Kiche, published by the Abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg, and the translation +Kiche, published by the Abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg, and the translation of the song of the Uluas of Nicaragua given by Pablo Levy.—<i>Notas sobre la Republica de Nicaragua</i>, p. 307 (Paris, 1873).</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_44_44" id="Footnote_44_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44_44"><span class="label">[44]</span></a> "Il y en a qui font les sourds, d'autres les aveugles. Ils rient, ils -crient, et font en un mot toute sorte de singeries."—<i>Voyages de François +crient, et font en un mot toute sorte de singeries."—<i>Voyages de François Coreal aux Indes Occidentales depuis 1666 jusqu'en 1697.</i> Tom. I, p. 88 (Amsterdam, 1722). Borrowed, probably, from Benzoni, who says the same.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_45_45" id="Footnote_45_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_45_45"><span class="label">[45]</span></a> "Habia un baile y canto de truhanes en el cual introducian un bobo que fingia entender al reves lo que su amo le mandaba, trastocandole las palabras."—P. F. Diego Duran, <i>Historia de las Indias de la Nueva -España</i>, Tomo II, p. 231 (Mexico, 1880).</p></div> +España</i>, Tomo II, p. 231 (Mexico, 1880).</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_46_46" id="Footnote_46_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46_46"><span class="label">[46]</span></a> As Mr. George Ticknor very pointedly says, in speaking of the Spanish drama:—"Above all, it was necessary that it should be Spanish; and @@ -6598,30 +6560,30 @@ gallantry, and the Castilian point of honor."—<i>History of Spanish Litera vol II, p. 539 (5th edition).</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_47_47" id="Footnote_47_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_47_47"><span class="label">[47]</span></a> Speaking of the comedy, he says:—"Ihr wahrer allgemeiner Nutzen -liegt in dem Lachen selbst, in der Uebung unserer Fähigkeit das Lächerliche -zu bemerken; es unter allen Bemäntelungen der Leidenschaft und +liegt in dem Lachen selbst, in der Uebung unserer Fähigkeit das Lächerliche +zu bemerken; es unter allen Bemäntelungen der Leidenschaft und der Mode, es in allen Vermischungen mit noch schlimmern oder mit guten Eigenschaften, sogar in den Runzeln des feierlichen Ernstes, leicht -und geschwind zu bemerken."—<i>Hamburgische Dramaturgie</i>, 29 Stück.</p></div> +und geschwind zu bemerken."—<i>Hamburgische Dramaturgie</i>, 29 Stück.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_48_48" id="Footnote_48_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48_48"><span class="label">[48]</span></a> <i>Tlatoani</i> means, literally, "the speaker," from <i>tlatoa</i>, to speak, to ask, -but it is translated by the Spanish lexicographers "gran señor." The +but it is translated by the Spanish lexicographers "gran señor." The chiefs were probably so called, from their right of speech in the assemblies. Benzoni gives something like this as the title of the Nicaraguan chiefs. "Chiamano li Signori Tutruane," which I suspect is a misprint for <i>Tattruani</i>.—<i>Istoria del Mondo Nuovo</i>, p. 103 (Venetia, 1565).</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_49_49" id="Footnote_49_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49_49"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> Icazbalceta's discussion of the name may be found in his notes to the -<i>Diálogos de Francisco Cervantes Salazar</i>, p. 181 (Mexico, 1875). Malinalli +<i>Diálogos de Francisco Cervantes Salazar</i>, p. 181 (Mexico, 1875). Malinalli is the twelfth day of the Mexican month. According to Duran, the word means underbrush (<i>matorral</i>), and the prognostic was, that those born on that day should have an annual attack of sickness, like this underbrush, -which dries up, or loses its leaves yearly.—<i>Historia de la Nueva España</i>, +which dries up, or loses its leaves yearly.—<i>Historia de la Nueva España</i>, Tomo II, p. 261 (Mexico, 1880).</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_50_50" id="Footnote_50_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50_50"><span class="label">[50]</span></a> See the rare work of Fray Joan Baptista (often spelled Bautista). <i>Advertencias para los Confessores de los Naturales</i>, vols. 107, 108 (Mexico, -en el Convento de Sanctiago Tlatilulco, año 1600).</p></div> +en el Convento de Sanctiago Tlatilulco, año 1600).</p></div> </div> <hr /> @@ -6632,381 +6594,6 @@ inconsistencies.</p> <p>Minor punctuation errors have been repaired.</p> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Güegüence; A Comedy Ballet in the -Nahuatl-Spanish Dialect of Nicaragua, by Daniel G. 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