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% Project Gutenberg's Northwestnet NUSIRG Internet Guide, by Jonathan Kochmer
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% Title: Northwestnet NUSIRG Internet Guide
% 
% Author: Jonathan Kochmer
% 
% Editor: Dr. Eric S. Hood
%         Dan L. Jordt
% 
% Posting Date: December 17, 2011 [EBook #40]
% Release Date: September, 1992
% 
% Language: English
% 
% Character set encoding: ASCII
% 
% *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NORTHWESTNET NUSIRG INTERNET GUIDE ***
% 
% 
% 
% 
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%and this file renamed to 40.ps before attempting to print
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1683 1604 341 (...............................) SB
2031 1604 42 (96) SB
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456 1654 503 (Chapter 10: Electronic Books) SB
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2031 1654 42 (98) SB
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456 1704 1056 (Chapter 11: Accessing Library Catalogs Through The Internet) SB
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456 1754 1050 (Chapter 12: Internet Accessible Databases and Bibliographies) SB
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2031 1754 63 (119) SB
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456 1804 1370 (Chapter 13: WAIS \( Wide Area Information Server \) : An Interface to Databases) SB
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1826 1804 198 (..................) SB
2031 1804 63 (148) SB
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456 1854 669 (Chapter 14: Internet Directory Services) SB
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1133 1854 352 (................................) SB
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306 1954 815 (SECTION 5: EXPLORING NEW FRONTIERS) SB
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1826 1954 198 (..................) SB
2031 1954 63 (170) SB
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456 2004 977 (Chapter 15 : Using the Global Internet in K-12 Education) SB
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1793 2004 231 (.....................) SB
2031 2004 63 (171) SB
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306 2104 983 (SECTION 6: EMPOWERING SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH) SB
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2002 2104 22 (..) SB
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456 2154 854 (Chapter 16: Using Supercomputers on the Internet) SB
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456 2204 769 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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306 2354 306 (How Did We Do?) SB
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616 2354 352 (................................) SB
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306 2404 130 (INDEX) SB
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440 2404 352 (................................) SB
792 2404 352 (................................) SB
1144 2404 352 (................................) SB
1496 2404 352 (................................) SB
1848 2404 176 (................) SB
2031 2404 63 (270) SB
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1888 2976 218 (Introduction) SB
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841 289 729 (How To Get NUSIRG) SB
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231 526 31 (T) SB
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864 536 188 (ERVICES ) SB
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1266 526 36 (R) SB
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1302 536 210 (ESOURCE ) SB
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1551 536 96 (UIDE) SB
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231 637 1879 (You can either get NUSIRG at no charge by the Internet "File Transfer Protocol" \(FTP\), or you can purchase a) SB
231 687 1868 (bound copy from NorthWestNet.  If you have a connection to the Internet, you are encouraged to follow these) SB
231 737 1931 (instructions for using FTP to obtain NUSIRG.  If you can't use FTP \(or don't know how yet!\), instructions on how) SB
231 787 1447 (to order a printed and bound copy from NorthWestNet are included on the next page.) SB
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231 934 1218 (Free Copies of NUSIRG By File Transfer Protocol \(FTP\)) SB
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231 1048 1868 (NUSIRG is available at no charge, by FTP, as text-only or PostScript files.  The text-only files are in a simple) SB
231 1098 1930 (format which can be printed by most kinds of printers or viewed on-screen with most text editors.  The PostScript) SB
231 1148 1421 (files produce output which is essentially identical to the bound version of NUSIRG.) SB
231 1248 1872 (If you have access to a computer connected to the Internet, all you have to do is follow the simple instructions) SB
231 1298 114 (below.) SB
231 1398 94 (Note:) SB
381 1398 1516 (commands you type are shown in the left hand column in lower case \(don't type the #'s!\);) SB
381 1448 1574 (UPPER CASE and ">" indicates prompts from the computer that will appear on your screen.) SB
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381 1548 588 (What you type \(or what you'll see\)) SB
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381 1648 398 (1\) ftp ftphost.nwnet.net) SB
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1161 1648 680 (Connect to the NorthWestNet FTP host.) SB
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381 1748 393 (2\) LOGIN: anonymous) SB
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1161 1748 771 (At the "LOGIN:" prompt enter "anonymous".) SB
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381 1848 669 (3\) PASSWORD: your-user-id@address) SB
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gs 959 50 1139 1845 CB
1161 1848 834 (At the "PASSWORD:" prompt, please enter your) SB
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gs 959 50 1139 1895 CB
1161 1898 679 (user-id@your.full.internet.address \(e.g.,) SB
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gs 959 100 1139 1945 CB
1161 1948 490 (robessin@uwvvd.derrg.edu\).) SB
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gs 779 100 359 2045 CB
381 2048 561 (4\) FTP> cd nic/nwnet/user-guide) SB
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gs 959 50 1139 2045 CB
1161 2048 859 (Change directories \(cd\) to the directory containing) SB
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1161 2098 414 (FTP copies of NUSIRG.) SB
gr
gs 779 100 359 2195 CB
381 2198 509 (5\) FTP> get README.nusirg) SB
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gs 959 50 1139 2195 CB
1161 2198 900 (Use the "get" command followed by a filename from) SB
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gs 959 50 1139 2245 CB
1161 2248 716 (the list on the next page to copy a file; get) SB
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gs 959 50 1139 2295 CB
1161 2298 906 ("README.nusirg" first, which contains the most up-) SB
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gs 959 100 1139 2345 CB
1161 2348 695 (to-date information about NUSIRG files.) SB
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381 2448 181 (6\) FTP> ls) SB
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1161 2448 797 (The "ls" command will produce a listing of the) SB
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1161 2498 817 (names of the files in the NUSIRG directory \(see) SB
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1161 2548 128 (below\).) SB
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381 2648 219 (7\) FTP> quit) SB
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1161 2648 818 (The "quit" command will end your FTP session.) SB
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231 2798 1779 (The file "README.nusirg" contains more detailed information about the files in the NUSIRG directory.) SB
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1963 2976 218 (Introduction) SB
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231 387 480 (nusirg.beginner.overview.ps) SB
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1206 387 667 (Overview of NUSIRG and the Internet.) SB
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231 437 488 (nusirg.beginner.overview.txt) SB
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231 487 423 (nusirg.email.ftp.telnet.ps) SB
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1206 487 749 (Basic Internet tools: e-mail, FTP, TELNET.) SB
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231 537 431 (nusirg.email.ftp.telnet.txt) SB
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231 587 405 (nusirg.listserv.usenet.ps) SB
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1206 587 562 (Using USENET and LISTSERV.) SB
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231 637 413 (nusirg.listserv.usenet.txt) SB
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231 687 519 (nusirg.online.info.resources.ps) SB
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1206 687 714 (Electronic books, libraries, databases, etc.) SB
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231 737 527 (nusirg.online.info.resources.txt) SB
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231 787 431 (nusirg.supercomputers.ps) SB
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1206 787 738 (Supercomputer use and access information.) SB
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231 837 439 (nusirg.supercomputers.txt) SB
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231 887 342 (nusirg.teach.k-12.ps) SB
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1206 887 565 (The Internet and K-12 education.) SB
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231 937 350 (nusirg.teach.k-12.txt) SB
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231 987 468 (nusirg.whole-guide.ps.tar.Z) SB
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1206 987 884 (All of NUSIRG in compressed and archived format.) SB
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231 1037 476 (nusirg.whole-guide.txt.tar.Z) SB
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231 1137 1888 (Notice that the file names above occur in pairs differing only in the last parts of their names.  Files ending with) SB
231 1187 1657 ("ps" are in PostScript format and cannot be printed unless you have access to a PostScript printer.) SB
231 1287 1849 (You should not copy the files whose names end with "tar.Z" unless you know how to handle compressed and) SB
231 1337 1094 (archived files, which is explained in the file "README.nusirg".) SB
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231 1484 776 (Printed Copies From NorthWestNet) SB
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231 1598 1916 (If you would prefer to purchase an already printed and bound copy \(or if you are unable to use FTP\), NUSIRG is) SB
231 1648 860 (available for $20.00 per copy from NorthWestNet.) SB
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981 1848 246 (NorthWestNet) SB
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981 1898 280 (NUSIRG Orders) SB
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981 1948 537 (15400 SE 30th Place, Suite 202) SB
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981 1998 370 (Bellevue, WA  98007) SB
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531 2098 121 (e-mail:) SB
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981 2098 429 (nusirg-orders@nwnet.net) SB
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531 2148 115 (phone:) SB
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981 2148 263 (\(206\) 562-3000) SB
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531 2198 66 (fax:) SB
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981 2198 263 (\(206\) 562-4822) SB
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231 2398 1136 (Please make your check or money order payable to NorthWestNet.) SB
231 2598 1795 (If you have questions, comments, or suggestions about NUSIRG, please send e-mail to nusirg@nwnet.net) SB
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1963 2976 218 (Introduction) SB
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836 289 739 (About NorthWestNet) SB
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231 479 246 (NorthWestNet) SB
477 479 1661 ( is a regional computing and digital communications network founded in 1987 by the Directors of) SB
231 529 1114 (the Northwest Academic Computing Consortium, Inc. \(NWACC\)) SB
1345 529 806 (.  The NWACC mission is to promote research,) SB
231 579 1928 (education and economic development by providing access to network communications, computing and electronic) SB
231 629 1881 (information systems and services throughout the Northwest.  In 1988 NWACC was incorporated in the state of) SB
231 679 1848 (Oregon as a not-for-profit corporation.  NorthWestNet is wholly owned, operated and managed by NWACC.) SB
231 729 1845 (NorthWestNet is an independent, regional sub-unit of the Interim National Research and Education Network) SB
231 779 1433 (\(NREN\) currently managed and operated by the National Science Foundation \(NSF\)) SB
1664 779 11 (.) SB
231 879 1809 (A national movement is growing to build a permanent National Research and Education Network \(NREN\)) SB
2040 879 44 ( to) SB
231 929 1831 (enhance the nation's and each state's educational, research, and economic competitiveness and productivity.) SB
231 979 1928 (NREN is designed to provide the primary information linkage among the nation's knowledge-based organizations) SB
231 1029 1777 (including higher education institutions, scientific laboratories, and industrial research units.  The general) SB
231 1079 645 (architecture of NREN has three levels) SB
876 1079 1271 (: a federally-sponsored interstate foundation \(backbone\) network; midlevel) SB
231 1129 1906 (networks providing broad, regional connectivity and expected to be partially self-supporting; and self-sponsored) SB
231 1179 1950 (individual campus, government agency, industrial and federal laboratory networks distributing information to their) SB
231 1229 169 (end users.) SB
231 1329 1765 (NorthWestNet is a regional \(midlevel\) network which is cooperatively addressing the high-performance) SB
231 1379 1919 (computing and networking needs of the Northwest within the scope of the NREN policies.  NorthWestNet serves) SB
231 1429 1933 (higher education institutions, government agencies, not-for-profit organizations and industry in six states \(Alaska,) SB
231 1479 1846 (Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon and Washington\).  Since NorthWestNet was established in 1987, our) SB
231 1529 1933 (network connectivity has expanded from 11 originator members to over 60 sites.  Similar growth is expected over) SB
231 1579 1849 (the next five years as NorthWestNet expands and enhances network services offerings and marketing efforts.) SB
231 1679 1835 (NorthWestNet is financially supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation \(NSF\), institutional) SB
231 1729 1882 (membership dues and network service fees.  In April 1991 the NSF confirmed renewal of NorthWestNet's core) SB
231 1779 1936 (grant, first approved in 1988.  Under the terms of the grant renewal, NSF has committed funds totaling nearly two) SB
231 1829 1841 (million dollars distributed over the next three-year contract period.  NWACC revenues and annual operating) SB
231 1879 1535 (budgets for the next three fiscal years are expected to exceed one million dollars annually.) SB
231 1979 1932 (In 1989 NWACC initiated a strategic planning process to chart the future course for NWACC and NorthWestNet.) SB
231 2029 1850 (The resultant plan recognizes the special needs of the northwestern United States, a geographically large, yet) SB
231 2079 1834 (sparsely populated area.  Current markets for NorthWestNet services are rapidly expanding and broadening,) SB
231 2129 1930 (extending past the conventional education and research communities to industry, government agencies and health) SB
231 2179 1867 (care organizations.  Technical and operational implementation of the NorthWestNet Strategic Plan are now in) SB
231 2229 1888 (progress.  NorthWestNet is already upgrading network equipment, operations, and user services offerings.  The) SB
231 2279 1809 (NorthWestNet Network Operations Center \(NOC\) facilities management agreement with the University of) SB
231 2329 1823 (Washington was formalized in June 1991.  NorthWestNet currently offers a variety of information and user) SB
231 2379 273 (support services) SB
504 2379 11 (.) SB
231 2479 1942 (For the past three years, NorthWestNet has published for its membership an Internet Users Training Manual.  This) SB
231 2529 1819 (new "NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide" \(NUSIRG\) is another step in our user services) SB
231 2579 1703 (support.  NUSIRG is available in both hardcopy and electronic formats to anyone using the Internet.) SB
231 2679 1797 (Technical seminars and training courses are presented each autumn at our NorthWestNet Annual Meeting) SB
2028 2679 11 (.) SB
231 2729 1862 (Seminars and workshops on a variety of topics are presented by regionally and nationally recognized network) SB
231 2779 1723 (engineers, communications technicians and user services specialists.  A special training track for new) SB
231 2829 1368 (NorthWestNet member institutions will also be offered beginning October 1991.) SB
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1963 2976 218 (Introduction) SB
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231 287 1933 (Workshops for researchers and scholars providing training in the use of high-performance computing systems and) SB
231 337 1810 (networked information resources are offered periodically and are also held in conjunction with our Annual) SB
231 387 152 (Meeting.) SB
231 487 1929 (To facilitate communication among participants in our numerous committees and working groups, NorthWestNet) SB
231 537 1912 (operates and maintains electronic mail exploders for the NWACC Board of Directors and Executive Committee,) SB
231 587 1917 (the NorthWestNet Technical Committee and Configuration Subcommittee, the User Services Committee and the) SB
231 637 414 (Editorial Review Board.) SB
231 737 1915 (NorthWestNet maintains and offers via anonymous FTP a modest collection of regional and national networking) SB
231 787 1488 (policies, working papers and operational documents on our network information server.) SB
231 887 1924 (We are also vigorously pursuing the development of new programs focusing on high performance computing and) SB
231 937 1474 (parallel processing, electronic library resources and networked information services, K) SB
1705 937 263 (-12 educational) SB
231 987 1060 (networking, and health care information and delivery systems.) SB
231 1087 1857 (Over the next five years, NorthWestNet is committed to servicing the needs of its expanding membership by:) SB
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381 1192 32 (o) SB
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456 1188 1673 (Providing its members from education, government, not-for-profits and industry with the ability to) SB
456 1238 1565 (access and to share advanced computing and information systems \(especially data bases and) SB
456 1288 1297 (electronic library resources\) using high-speed telecommunications facilities;) SB
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381 1343 32 (o) SB
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456 1339 1619 (Seeking, promoting, and supporting methods and tools for assisting users to access and to share) SB
456 1389 1340 (information in an interactive, convenient, integrated and easy-to-learn manner;) SB
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381 1444 32 (o) SB
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456 1440 1617 (Expanding NREN access to K-12 schools and education districts, health care organizations and) SB
456 1490 532 (economic development groups;) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1545 32 (o) SB
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456 1541 1720 (Encouraging and enhancing education, research, and development by providing value-added network) SB
456 1591 758 (services in support of northwestern interests;) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1646 32 (o) SB
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456 1642 1701 (Promoting affordable and, if possible, subsidized national, and international electronic access for all) SB
456 1692 790 (regional education and research organizations;) SB
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381 1747 32 (o) SB
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456 1743 1722 (Encouraging and facilitating collaboration among educational institutions, government, not-for-profit) SB
456 1793 1679 (agencies and industry.  Opportunities include \(1\) sharing computing and information resources, \(2\)) SB
456 1843 900 (sharing procurement and \(3\) transferring technology;) SB
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381 1898 32 (o) SB
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456 1894 1715 (Being a leader, both regionally and nationally, in the efforts to establish a regional electronic sharing) SB
456 1944 289 (of resources; and) SB
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381 1999 32 (o) SB
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456 1995 1710 (Being recognized by its membership and funding agencies as a provider of excellent quality services) SB
456 2045 209 (and support.) SB
231 2145 1920 (The NWACC Executive Director, on board since June 1991, has established a home office for the NorthWestNet) SB
231 2195 1937 (staff in the principal market city of Seattle.  The Executive Director provides leadership and manages the network) SB
231 2245 1866 (under the general direction of the Executive Committee and the Board of Directors.  The Executive Director's) SB
231 2295 1919 (staff coordinates network operations, technical planning and management activities, network information service) SB
231 2345 1839 (delivery, network user training and educational services, and marketing and general network administration.) SB
231 2445 1945 (The futures of NWACC and NorthWestNet are truly bright.  In the Northwest's rapidly growing, technology-based) SB
231 2495 1876 (and -driven economy, the demand for computing, electronic communications, and information services is ever) SB
231 2545 1750 (increasing.  With our expanded and enhanced network and computing service offerings, NorthWestNet) SB
231 2595 1684 (membership and revenues are both projected to continue increasing rapidly through the mid-1990s.) SB
231 2695 286 (Dr. Eric S. Hood) SB
231 2745 489 (NWACC Executive Director) SB
231 2795 276 (September 1991) SB
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1963 2976 218 (Introduction) SB
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543 289 1326 (NorthWestNet Acceptable Use Policy) SB
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231 479 1829 (NorthWestNet is a regional data communications network serving a consortium of universities and research) SB
231 529 1808 (groups in the northwestern United States.  Its goals are summarized in the Articles of Incorporation for the) SB
231 579 1944 (Northwest Academic Computing Consortium, Inc..  All use of NorthWestNet facilities must be consistent with the) SB
231 629 1925 (goals and purposes of NorthWestNet.  The intent of this statement is to describe certain uses which are consistent) SB
231 679 1508 (with the purposes of NorthWestNet, not to exhaustively enumerate all such possible uses) SB
1739 679 11 (.) SB
231 779 979 (Some acceptable uses of NorthWestNet facilities include:) SB
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381 884 32 (o) SB
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456 880 1664 (Use for scientific research or instruction at member and associate member institutions through the) SB
456 930 786 (provision of high-speed data communications;) SB
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381 985 32 (o) SB
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456 981 804 (Use as a vehicle for scholarly communications;) SB
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381 1036 32 (o) SB
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456 1032 1710 (Use as a means for NorthWestNet members to access remote computing resources for the purpose of) SB
456 1082 1684 (scientific research or instruction.  Notable examples of such resources are the NSF supercomputing) SB
456 1132 159 (facilities;) SB
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381 1187 32 (o) SB
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456 1183 1709 (Use necessary to support other acceptable uses.  For example, administrative communications which) SB
456 1233 1677 (are part of the support infrastructure needed for research and instruction are acceptable.  Similarly,) SB
456 1283 1658 (communications directly between non-member institutions in support of research or instruction at) SB
456 1333 580 (member institutions is acceptable;) SB
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381 1388 32 (o) SB
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456 1384 1468 (Use required by agreements with NSF, the primary funding agency for NorthWestNet;) SB
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381 1439 32 (o) SB
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456 1435 1514 (Use by member institutions as a laboratory for research and experimentation in computer) SB
456 1485 1525 (communications, where such use does not interfere with production usage.  However, any) SB
456 1535 1625 (experimental use requiring modification to router software or protocol layers below ISO layer 4) SB
456 1585 861 (requires prior review by the Technical Committee.) SB
231 1685 1928 (In general, commercial and general administrative use are prohibited.  Use for scientific research or instruction at) SB
231 1735 1761 (non-member institutions and at for-profit institutions may or may not be consistent with the purposes of) SB
231 1785 1033 (NorthWestNet, and will be reviewed on a case by case basis.) SB
231 1885 1888 (Use of NorthWestNet for any illegal purpose, or to achieve unauthorized access to systems, software, or data is) SB
231 1935 185 (prohibited.) SB
231 2035 1744 (NorthWestNet is a production communications network on which many researchers depend.  Uses that) SB
231 2085 1839 (significantly interfere with the ability of other users to make effective use of the network are not acceptable.) SB
231 2185 197 (Version 2.0) SB
231 2235 236 (May 12, 1988) SB
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1963 2976 218 (Introduction) SB
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287 289 1837 (NSFNET Backbone Services Acceptable Use Policy) SB
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231 526 39 (G) SB
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270 536 176 (ENERAL ) SB
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446 526 33 (P) SB
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479 536 187 (RINCIPLE) SB
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666 526 17 (:) SB
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231 637 1901 (\(1\) NSFNET Backbone services are provided to support open research and education in and among US research) SB
231 687 1691 (and instructional institutions, plus research arms of for-profit firms when engaged in open scholarly) SB
231 737 1199 (communication and research. Use for other purposes is not acceptable.) SB
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231 834 33 (S) SB
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264 844 273 (PECIFICALLY ) SB
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537 834 36 (A) SB
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573 844 256 (CCEPTABLE ) SB
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829 834 36 (U) SB
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865 844 81 (SES) SB
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946 834 17 (:) SB
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231 945 1907 (\(2\) Communication with foreign researchers and education in connection with research or instruction, as long as) SB
231 995 1904 (any network that the foreign user employs for such communication provides reciprocal access to US researchers) SB
231 1045 245 (and educators.) SB
231 1145 1865 (\(3\) Communication and exchange for professional development, to maintain currency, or to debate issues in a) SB
231 1195 524 (field or subfield of knowledge.) SB
231 1295 1932 (\(4\) Use for disciplinary-society, university-association, government-advisory, or standards activities related to the) SB
231 1345 717 (user's research and instructional activities.) SB
231 1445 1751 (\(5\) Use in applying for or administering grants or contracts for research or instruction, but not for other) SB
231 1495 688 (fundraising or public relations activities.) SB
231 1595 1748 (\(6\) Any other administrative communications or activities in direct support of research and instruction.) SB
231 1695 1926 (\(7\) Announcements of new products or services for use in research or instruction, but not advertising of any kind.) SB
231 1795 1885 (\(8\) Any traffic originating from a network of another member agency of the Federal Networking Council if the) SB
231 1845 915 (traffic meets the acceptable use policy of that agency.) SB
231 1945 1864 (\(9\) Communication incidental to otherwise acceptable use, except for illegal or specifically unacceptable use.) SB
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231 2042 36 (U) SB
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267 2052 314 (NACCEPTABLE ) SB
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581 2042 36 (U) SB
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617 2052 81 (SES) SB
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698 2042 17 (:) SB
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231 2153 1873 (\(10\) Use for for-profit activities \(consulting for pay, sales or administration of campus stores, sale of tickets to) SB
231 2203 1769 (sports events, and so on\), or use by for-profit institutions unless covered by the General Principle or as a) SB
231 2253 465 (specifically acceptable use.) SB
231 2353 868 (\(11\) Extensive use for private or personal business.) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 35 /Times-Italic /font39 ANSIFont font
231 2551 1923 (This statement applies to use of the NSFNET Backbone only.  NSF expects that connecting networks will formulate their own) SB
231 2597 1902 (use policies.  The NSF Division of Networking and Communications Research and Infrastructure will resolve any questions) SB
231 2643 586 (about this Policy or its interpretation.) SB
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1963 2976 218 (Introduction) SB
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340 289 1732 (NorthWestNet Network Operations Center \(NOC\)) SB
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231 479 1772 (Much recent national attention has focused on improving the quality of Internet connectivity services by) SB
231 529 1930 (enhancing "end-to-end" network management.  In the three tiered hierarchy of the Internet, high priority has been) SB
231 579 1925 (placed upon the critical role of the midlevel networks in delivering quality connectivity services.  "Hardening the) SB
231 629 1943 (regionals" has emerged as the phrase most often used to describe the portion of this new national initiative.  Given) SB
231 679 1799 (the recent consensus regarding the importance of "end-to-end" network connectivity focused on mid-level) SB
231 729 1859 (networks, this brief summary of NorthWestNet's Network Operations Center \(NOC\) has been included in this) SB
231 779 114 (Guide.) SB
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231 926 14 (I) SB
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245 936 295 (NTRODUCTION) SB
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231 1037 1923 (The purpose of this document is to identify the functions that the Network Operations Center \(NOC\) will provide) SB
231 1087 871 (to maintain the operational integrity of the network) SB
1102 1087 869 (.  This document is available via anonymous ftp on) SB
231 1137 883 (ftphost.nwnet.net in local/nwnet/doc/uw-nwnet.noc.) SB
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231 1284 36 (N) SB
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267 1294 448 (ETWORK MONITORING) SB
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715 1284 28 (, ) SB
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743 1294 152 (REPAIR) SB
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895 1284 28 (, ) SB
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923 1294 513 (AND TROUBLE TRACKING) SB
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231 1395 1894 (The NOC will provide real-time network monitoring and repair at the layers one \(1\) through four \(4\) in the OSI) SB
231 1445 1950 (model.  The link state of each NorthWestNet circuit will be queried periodically \(approximately once a minute\) by) SB
231 1495 669 (a Network Management Station \(NMS\)) SB
900 1495 1281 (.  The NMS will be monitored 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.  This NMS is) SB
231 1545 1937 (expected to provide a real-time view of the entire network, and to have some rudimentary network diagnosis tools) SB
231 1595 1553 (available to operators to identify common or general problems with link layer connectivity.) SB
231 1695 1885 (The level of staffing is expected to vary between primary shifts \(approximately 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Monday) SB
231 1745 1950 (through Friday\), and the secondary shifts \(the complement of the primary shift hours\).  The primary shift will have) SB
231 1795 1910 (skilled network analysts available and trained in more complex network diagnostic tools.  These analysts will be) SB
231 1845 1838 (able to assist in problem diagnosis and resolution at the Network and Transport Layers.  The secondary shift) SB
231 1895 1937 (operators will be expected to recognize simple circuit outages \(at the Physical and Link Layers\), and initiate work) SB
231 1945 1848 (orders with telecommunications providers.  Once an outage or problem is identified, it will be tracked with a) SB
231 1995 1845 (trouble ticket system to help provide consistency across multiple shifts and to identify reoccurring problems.) SB
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231 2142 36 (C) SB
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267 2152 1127 (IRCUIT COMMISSIONING AND EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION) SB
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231 2253 1924 (The NorthWestNet NOC will configure the equipment necessary to facilitate member connections to the network) SB
231 2303 1860 (and deliver it to the member site.  If the technical representative of the member institution requires additional) SB
231 2353 1798 (support to complete the installation, the NOC will endeavor to assist.  The NOC will also assist the public) SB
231 2403 1528 (telecommunications providers in specifying and commissioning the required data circuits.) SB
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231 2550 33 (E) SB
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264 2560 828 (QUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND UPGRADE) SB
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231 2661 1882 (The NOC will reconfigure and coordinate upgrades of the NorthWestNet managed equipment as necessary.  In) SB
231 2711 1941 (case of a hardware failure, the NOC will ship a spare to the member institution's technical representative, not later) SB
231 2761 1067 (than the next business day following discovery of the problem.) SB
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1963 2976 218 (Introduction) SB
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231 334 36 (D) SB
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267 344 644 (IAGNOSTIC TOOLS REPOSITORY) SB
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231 445 1093 (The NMS will act as a repository for network management tools) SB
1324 445 814 (.  Tools in the public domain, developed locally) SB
231 495 1932 (by programming staff or available to the NOC through licensing agreements, will be stored on and available from) SB
231 545 164 (the NMS.) SB
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231 692 125 (NMS ) SB
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356 702 693 (DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS) SB
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231 803 1904 (The NMS periodically \(approximately every 15 minutes\) will query each router to retrieve a set of Management) SB
231 853 1848 (Information Base \(MIB\) variables that can be considered useful for diagnosis and analysis.  This data will be) SB
231 903 1914 (stored on the NMS and made available for report generation or post-processing analysis.  Rudimentary programs) SB
231 953 1894 (will be available to query this database and generate graphs as aids to problem diagnosis and reporting.  Simple) SB
231 1003 1395 (monthly reports on outages and circuit usage will also be derivable from this data.) SB
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231 1150 14 (I) SB
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245 1160 732 (NVENTORY AND REVISION CONTROL) SB
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231 1261 1856 (The NOC will keep a database of NorthWestNet owned equipment, including serial numbers, revision levels,) SB
231 1311 747 (component types, equipment locations, etc..) SB
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231 1458 36 (D) SB
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267 1468 144 (OMAIN ) SB
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411 1458 36 (N) SB
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447 1468 100 (AME ) SB
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547 1458 33 (S) SB
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580 1468 150 (ERVICE) SB
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231 1569 1863 (Upon the request of a member, the NOC will provide interim primary or continuing secondary Domain Name) SB
231 1619 127 (Service) SB
358 1619 1788 (.  Members may request interim primary DNS from the NOC, which implies that all host name additions,) SB
231 1669 1875 (changes, or deletions be done by NOC staff.  When a member site is able to provide its own primary DNS, the) SB
231 1719 1025 (NOC will, if requested, continue to provide secondary DNS.) SB
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231 1866 36 (A) SB
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267 1876 427 (GENCY INTERACTION) SB
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231 1977 1855 (The NOC will interact with national, regional, and member network agencies, as well as telecommunications) SB
231 2027 1890 (providers and equipment vendors to facilitate transitions in network topology, resolve outages, or provide other) SB
231 2077 580 (operational assistance as required.) SB
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231 2224 33 (S) SB
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264 2234 487 (UPPORT FOR HUB SITES) SB
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231 2335 1943 (The NOC will assist technical staff at NorthWestNet hub sites in resolving connectivity problems.  This assistance) SB
231 2385 1049 (will be mainly in the form of consulting by phone and e-mail.) SB
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231 2532 36 (N) SB
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267 2542 189 (ETWORK ) SB
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456 2532 33 (E) SB
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489 2542 254 (NGINEERING) SB
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231 2643 1885 (With consultation from and review by the NorthWestNet Technical Committee, the NOC will provide network) SB
231 2693 1690 (engineering services to define and implement a network topology and architecture that will achieve) SB
231 2743 1838 (NorthWestNet's connectivity and cost objectives as set forth by the NorthWestNet Management Committee.) SB
231 2843 391 (Version 2.1, June 1991) SB
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1963 2976 218 (Introduction) SB
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852 289 707 (Acknowledgements) SB
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231 479 1948 (It is perhaps appropriate that a book which is meant to demonstrate the extraordinary wealth of resources available) SB
231 529 1882 (on the Internet was written using the Internet itself as the main source of information.  Only a very small set of) SB
231 579 1818 (printed books were consulted during the preparation of this document.  Therefore, primary thanks go to the) SB
231 629 1036 (Internet itself, for being such a treasure trove of information!) SB
231 729 1896 (Snippets of information were collected from tens of thousands of postings in many discussion groups, including) SB
231 779 1931 (USENET, LISTSERVers, and Internet Interest groups.  I thank everyone who so willingly shares their knowledge) SB
231 829 1942 (in these forums.  Reading typical questions from new Internet users posted in these forums was also invaluable for) SB
231 879 1766 (helping to determine what should be included in an entry-level Internet guide.  Another useful source of) SB
231 929 1907 (information was existing, online Internet documentation written by Internet user services staff around the world,) SB
231 979 1863 (and a large number of helpful documents about the Internet written by individuals on their own initiative, and) SB
231 1029 380 (shared on the Internet.) SB
231 1129 1852 (I am very thankful to Larry Gales of the University of Washington, who wrote the chapter on Supercomputer) SB
231 1179 1935 (Access, and to user services staff at the supercomputer sites for providing up-to-date descriptions of their state-of-) SB
231 1229 208 (the-art sites.) SB
231 1329 1910 (Very useful support, reviews, corrections and suggestions were provided throughout this project by the NUSIRG) SB
231 1379 1892 (Editorial Review Committee: Dorette Dusterhoff, Eric Hood, Janaka Jayawardena, Dan Jordt, Dick Markwood,) SB
231 1429 856 (Paul Mauvais, Danny Raphael and Sandy Sprafka.) SB
231 1529 1873 (Special thanks go to Danny Raphael \(Director of User Services, University Computing Services, University of) SB
231 1579 1922 (Washington\), who loaned me a Macintosh computer and a modem for the duration of this project.  Most research) SB
231 1629 1880 (and writing was done from my home, which became an "electronic cottage" in the global village by virtue of a) SB
231 1679 1843 (simple modem connection to the Internet.  This Users Guide is proof that anyone in the world can access the) SB
231 1729 1736 (wealth of Internet resources from their own homes with minimal hardware and software requirements.) SB
231 1829 1912 (NUSIRG was written in three very hectic and obsessive months, July through September, 1991.  I'd like to thank) SB
231 1879 1853 (my friends and family for their support and understanding while I was transformed into a "virtual knowbot in) SB
231 1929 216 (cyberspace.") SB
231 2079 318 (Jonathan Kochmer) SB
231 2129 209 (The Cottage) SB
231 2179 342 (Seattle, Washington) SB
231 2229 274 (October 6, 1991) SB
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1963 2976 218 (Introduction) SB
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352 289 1708 (SECTION 1: NUSIRG, THE INTERNET, AND YOU) SB
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456 679 1390 (Chapter 1: Overview of the NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
456 729 183 (\(NUSIRG\)) SB
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606 779 209 (Introduction) SB
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825 779 352 (................................) SB
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1881 779 143 (.............) SB
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606 829 370 (What is The Internet?) SB
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979 829 352 (................................) SB
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1683 829 341 (...............................) SB
2031 829 21 (3) SB
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606 879 381 (How To Use NUSIRG) SB
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1342 879 352 (................................) SB
1694 879 330 (..............................) SB
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606 929 1187 (Master Electronic Mail, FTP and TELNET; From There On, Explore!) SB
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1793 929 231 (.....................) SB
2031 929 21 (4) SB
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606 979 835 (Communicate With NorthWestNet User Services) SB
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1441 979 352 (................................) SB
1793 979 231 (.....................) SB
2031 979 21 (5) SB
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456 1079 398 (Chapter 2: The Internet) SB
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858 1079 352 (................................) SB
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1914 1079 110 (..........) SB
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606 1129 354 (General Introduction) SB
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968 1129 352 (................................) SB
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2031 1129 21 (6) SB
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606 1179 418 (Overview of the Internet) SB
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2031 1179 21 (7) SB
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606 1229 392 (Non-Internet Networks) SB
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606 1279 709 (For More Information About The Internet) SB
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374 389 1663 (Chapter 1: Overview of the NorthWestNet User) SB
422 481 1567 (Services Internet Resource Guide \(NUSIRG\)) SB
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456 768 1492 (When people ask for education they normally mean something more than mere training,) SB
456 818 1462 (something more than mere knowledge of facts, something more than a mere diversion.) SB
456 868 1496 (Maybe they cannot themselves formulate precisely what they are looking for; but I think) SB
456 918 1498 (what they are really looking for is ideas that would make the world, and their own lives,) SB
456 968 1433 (intelligible to them.  When a thing is intelligible, you have a sense of participation...) SB
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1131 1071 283 (E. F. Schumaker) SB
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1131 1120 304 (Small Is Beautiful) SB
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1435 1121 145 ( \(pg. 84\)) SB
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456 1270 833 (Once you get started, you'll start to understand...) SB
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1131 1373 368 (Overheard in a crowd) SB
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231 1578 14 (I) SB
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245 1588 295 (NTRODUCTION) SB
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231 1689 1860 (Most of us use complex technologies like automobiles, televisions, or telephones every day, without knowing) SB
231 1739 1880 (exactly how they work.  We take it for granted that when we turn on a radio we'll hear news or music, and that) SB
231 1789 902 (when we start a car we'll get to where we want to go.) SB
231 1889 1747 (Until very recently, using computer networks was like using a car in the beginning of the 20th century.) SB
231 1989 1916 (Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton made comedies featuring wrestling matches with temperamental cars.  It was) SB
231 2039 1885 (funny because everybody knew you couldn't drive to the next town without getting greasy up to your elbows at) SB
231 2089 1870 (least once.  The technology was still being perfected, and sometimes it was hard to get where you were going.) SB
231 2189 1252 (It was also hard to figure out how to find the places you were looking for.) SB
231 2289 1872 (There's an old joke in New England about a city slicker asking for directions from a farmer sitting on his front) SB
231 2339 1878 (porch.  The farmer says, "You can't get there from here."  As a person who grew up in the country, I've always) SB
231 2389 1876 (thought this was short for saying, "well, I could give you directions, but unless you grew up in these parts, you) SB
231 2439 652 (probably won't understand anyway....") SB
231 2539 1718 (But things have changed with automobiles, and they're beginning to change with computer networks.) SB
231 2639 1843 (Computer networks have jumped the first hurdle on the path which all technologies must run.  They are now) SB
231 2689 1929 (usually very reliable.  Most of the time, you can press a few buttons and know that your message will be received) SB
231 2739 1944 (by someone thousands of miles away, in a few seconds.  Today, global computer networks are being used daily by) SB
231 2789 1884 (millions of people who don't know much more about computers than the average person knows about the inner) SB
231 2839 477 (workings of a television set.) SB
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231 287 1921 (The purpose of NUSIRG is to help network users get over the second great hurdle of new technologies: Now that) SB
231 337 1886 (computer networks are reliable, what can they be used for?  And once you know what can be done, you'll learn) SB
231 387 1732 ("how to get there from here."  You can think of NUSIRG as a set of basic driving lessons, and a glove) SB
231 437 1942 (compartment full of "road maps" to the many interconnected routes and valuable services that together comprise a) SB
231 487 1445 (worldwide computer network known as "The Internet" \(See Chapter 2: The Internet\).) SB
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231 634 47 (W) SB
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278 644 142 (HAT IS ) SB
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532 644 189 (NTERNET) SB
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231 745 1840 (The Internet is a world-wide network of networks which is able to inter-connect computers ranging from the) SB
231 795 1922 (simplest PCs to the most sophisticated mainframes.  Internet users can use the Internet for an extraordinary range) SB
231 845 1947 (of purposes - long distance collaborations, freely copying programs and documents to and from remote computers,) SB
231 895 1859 (accessing library catalogs, logging in to supercomputers - the list of current Internet activities is large and the) SB
231 945 1214 (range of possible future applications is as unlimited as our imagination.) SB
231 1045 1797 (The Internet is huge.  As of June, 1991, it was estimated that the Internet is comprised of more than 5,000) SB
231 1095 1914 (networks connecting more than 350,000 computers.  In fact, because it is in direct communication with satellites) SB
231 1145 972 (far above us, the Internet is already bigger than the earth.) SB
231 1245 1900 (The Internet is used by a large and diverse community of people.  An estimated 3,500,000 people from many of) SB
231 1295 1511 (the world's nations use the Internet, and this number is continuing to grow exponentially.) SB
231 1395 1943 (The Internet is also incredibly complex.  There probably isn't a single person who understands everything about it.) SB
231 1445 1280 (Remember this whenever you get confused, and you'll probably feel better!) SB
231 1545 1757 (But once you've mastered a few basic skills, the Internet is easy to use.  Already, there are thousands of) SB
231 1595 1904 (elementary school students in the world engaging in global communication through the Internet, and millions of) SB
231 1645 1879 (other people from all walks of life who count on the Internet as an integral part of their day-to-day educational) SB
231 1695 389 (and research activities.) SB
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521 334 194 (NUSIRG) SB
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456 542 1466 (...a book is more than a verbal structure, or a series of verbal structures; a book is the) SB
456 592 1333 (dialogue with the reader, and the peculiar accent he gives to its voice, and the) SB
456 642 1356 (changing and durable images it leaves in his memory.  That dialogue is infinite.) SB
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1131 745 307 (Jorge Luis Borges) SB
1131 795 386 ("For Bertrand Russell") SB
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231 942 1304 (Use NUSIRG Either As A Book Or As Individual Documents) SB
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231 1056 1901 (NUSIRG has been written so that it can be used either as a unified book, or as stand-alone chapters to teach you) SB
231 1106 1838 (about specific Internet resources.  Regardless of which way you use NUSIRG, each chapter will give you an) SB
231 1156 1917 (indication of which other chapters of NUSIRG or other sources of Internet documentation will provide necessary) SB
231 1206 1023 (background, or more detailed treatment of the topic at hand.) SB
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231 1353 769 (Customize Your Copy Of NUSIRG!) SB
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231 1467 1918 (This document will be most effective if it is a continuing dialogue, between you, the Internet, and NorthWestNet) SB
231 1517 237 (User services.) SB
231 1617 1926 (NUSIRG is meant to be a document that you can easily customize to your particular level of expertise and sets of) SB
231 1667 1880 (interests.  It is hoped that everyone who uses this guide will get some of the many documents referenced at the) SB
231 1717 1912 (end of every chapter, and put them in the appropriate locations in their own particular version of NUSIRG.  This) SB
231 1767 1901 (document will have succeeded in one of it's primary goals if there are as many versions of NUSIRG as there are) SB
231 1817 1724 (NUSIRG users, just like everybody's glove compartment contains a different collection of road maps.) SB
231 1917 1803 (Most of the documents referenced can be obtained, for free, through a computer connected to the Internet.) SB
231 1967 1623 (Getting free information is one of the easiest and most important networks skills you will learn.) SB
231 2067 1940 (NUSIRG has been written for anyone who uses the Internet: from kindergarten teachers at small and isolated rural) SB
231 2117 1886 (schools, to the most sophisticated supercomputer users at major urban research institutions.  Throughout, every) SB
231 2167 1894 (attempt has been made to keep the text simple without being simplistic, and thorough without being thoroughly) SB
231 2217 255 (overwhelming.) SB
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231 2364 42 (M) SB
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273 2374 147 (ASTER ) SB
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420 2364 33 (E) SB
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453 2374 244 (LECTRONIC ) SB
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697 2364 42 (M) SB
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739 2374 64 (AIL) SB
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803 2364 137 (, FTP ) SB
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940 2374 98 (AND ) SB
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1038 2364 257 (TELNET; F) SB
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1295 2374 104 (ROM ) SB
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1682 2374 165 (XPLORE) SB
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231 2475 1843 (Every Internet user is different, but nonetheless most network activities are based on three basic skills: using) SB
231 2525 1941 (electronic mail, copying files from remote computers \(FTP\), and logging in to remote computers \(TELNET\).  It is) SB
231 2575 1828 (also a good idea to get an overview of the Internet as a whole.  You should read through the chapters on the) SB
231 2625 1862 (Internet, electronic mail, FTP, and TELNET first, unless this material is already old hat to you.  Although the) SB
231 2675 1833 (remainder of NUSIRG is designed in a somewhat incremental fashion, you should be able to bounce around) SB
231 2725 1752 (between chapters without too much difficulty once you've mastered the basic "Internet-working" skills.) SB
231 2825 1389 (Most chapters have the following structure \(where "x" is the topic of the chapter\):) SB
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381 287 227 ("What is x ?") SB
381 337 364 ("What is x used for?") SB
381 387 821 ("What do I need to know before I start using 'x'") SB
381 437 412 (A general overview of x) SB
381 487 414 (A short example using x) SB
381 537 966 (A longer example using x with step-by-step explanations) SB
381 587 530 ("For more information on x....") SB
231 687 1765 (Because the Internet is able to support a tremendous diversity of hardware and software, it is sometimes) SB
231 737 1944 (impossible to present an example which is guaranteed to work for everyone.  In such cases, a "generic example" is) SB
231 787 1854 (presented to illustrate the essential features of a particular Internet topic.  When necessary, you should obtain) SB
231 837 1879 (appropriate documentation from your instructor or user services staff on how a particular application is used at) SB
231 887 1849 (your site.  By the winter of 1991, you'll be able to access a collection of such documentation in the computer) SB
231 937 1624 (archives of the NorthWestNet Network Information Center, but this service is not yet available.) SB
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231 1084 36 (C) SB
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1177 1084 33 (S) SB
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1210 1094 177 (ERVICES) SB
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231 1195 1931 (If you are a computer instructor or user services staff member, feel free to duplicate and distribute any or all parts) SB
231 1245 1829 (of NUSIRG, for your students or clients, provided that appropriate attribution is given to both NWACC and) SB
231 1295 1796 (NorthWestNet.  The requirement for appropriate attribution will be satisfied by the inclusion of the inside) SB
231 1345 1839 (cover/copyright page with every copy.  If you make significant changes to the documents, indicate that your) SB
231 1395 1721 (document is a modified version of NUSIRG.  And, if you feel the changes you make result in notable) SB
231 1445 1862 (improvements of the document, please send us a copy so the next edition of NUSIRG can be even better!  All) SB
231 1495 1911 (comments and suggestions from anyone using NUSIRG will be gladly taken, and, when possible, will be used to) SB
231 1545 1946 (improve the next editions.  At the end of the guide there is a "User's Feedback Form" which you are encouraged to) SB
231 1595 611 (fill out and return to NorthWestNet ) SB
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842 1593 23 (u) SB
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865 1595 207 (ser services.) SB
231 1695 1398 (Welcome to the Internet - you are now a participating member of a global village!) SB
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669 2976 1512 (Chapter 1: Overview of the NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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794 389 824 (Chapter 2: The Internet) SB
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456 686 1493 (Is it a fact ... that by means of electricity, the world of matter has become a great nerve,) SB
456 736 1485 (vibrating thousands of miles in a breathless point of time?  Rather, the round globe is a) SB
456 786 1473 (vast head, a brain, an instinct with intelligence!  Or, shall we say, it is itself a thought,) SB
456 836 1192 (nothing but thought, and no longer the substance which we deemed it!) SB
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1131 939 469 (Nathaniel Hawthorne, 1851) SB
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231 1136 39 (G) SB
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270 1146 176 (ENERAL ) SB
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446 1136 14 (I) SB
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460 1146 295 (NTRODUCTION) SB
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231 1247 1919 (The Internet is a world-wide computer network which allows you to communicate with millions of other Internet) SB
231 1297 1870 (users and to use the resources of computers throughout the world.  No matter how humble your own computer) SB
231 1347 1915 (might be, if it is connected  to  the Internet, you have a virtually unlimited wealth of resources available for your) SB
231 1397 244 (every day use.) SB
231 1497 1837 (To whet your appetite for "Internet-working," here's a partial list of the many ways you can use the Internet:) SB
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231 1597 644 (Communicating with other people:) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1706 32 (o) SB
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456 1702 426 (exchange electronic mail) SB
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381 1757 32 (o) SB
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456 1753 1064 (engage in online, real time discussion with other Internet users) SB
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381 1808 32 (o) SB
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456 1804 1322 (subscribe to discussion or subscription groups of people sharing your interests) SB
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231 1904 966 (Accessing the resources of other Internet computers:) SB
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381 2013 32 (o) SB
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456 2009 716 (browse through electronic library catalogs) SB
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381 2064 32 (o) SB
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456 2060 784 (copy computer files or software from archives) SB
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381 2115 32 (o) SB
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456 2111 694 (access databases for teaching or research) SB
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381 2166 32 (o) SB
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456 2162 473 (obtain free electronic books) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2217 32 (o) SB
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456 2213 693 (use educational and information services) SB
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381 2268 32 (o) SB
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456 2264 522 (find Internet directory services) SB
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381 2319 32 (o) SB
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456 2315 456 (access supercomputer sites) SB
231 2415 1773 (The details of how you can do all of this \(and more!\) is described in the rest of the chapters of NUSIRG.) SB
231 2515 1669 (This document is intended to give you a brief description of what the Internet is and how it works.) SB
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1748 2976 433 (Chapter 2: The Internet) SB
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231 334 39 (O) SB
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270 344 354 (VERVIEW OF THE ) SB
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624 334 14 (I) SB
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638 344 189 (NTERNET) SB
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231 492 677 (What Is A Computer Network?) SB
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231 606 1531 (A computer network can be as simple as two computers in an office connected by a cable.) SB
231 706 1816 (A simple computer network linking identical computers can be very useful in situations where all users are) SB
231 756 1914 (performing the same tasks, for example in a classroom or a business office.  This kind of a setup allows files and) SB
231 806 1949 (mail to be transferred between the computers of the network, and may allow access to a centralized "hard disk" for) SB
231 856 1842 (sharing software, data files, and printers.  But until the mid 1970's, it was difficult to link, or "internetwork,") SB
231 906 847 (networks containing different kinds of computers.) SB
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231 1053 512 (What is An "Internet?") SB
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231 1167 1925 (Although simple computer networks are useful, a network which connects a variety of computers with distinctive) SB
231 1217 1935 (features offers much more flexibility to its users.   In such a network, you can use one kind of computer to rapidly) SB
231 1267 1910 (perform complex calculations.  When the first computer is done, you could use a network to send the output to a) SB
231 1317 1202 (different computer more suited for easy preparation of colorful graphs.) SB
231 1417 1921 (But just like people can best communicate when they speak the same language, computers can best participate in) SB
231 1467 1708 (a simple network when they use the same hardware and software to code, transmit, and receive data.) SB
231 1567 1926 (An "internet" is a more complex kind of computer network which allows computers with distinctive software and) SB
231 1617 1933 (hardware to communicate by translating messages to a mutually understandable "communications protocol."  The) SB
231 1667 499 (first real internet, ARPANET) SB
730 1667 1447 (, arose from research supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency \(ARPA\),) SB
231 1717 1021 (now DARPA, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) SB
1252 1717 11 (.) SB
231 1817 1916 (The standardized communications protocols which made the ARPANET possible evolved from the early NCP to) SB
231 1867 552 (today's "TCP/IP Protocol Suite.") SB
231 1967 126 (TCP/IP) SB
357 1967 1665 ( makes certain that two computers reach an agreement about the basic rules of data exchange, and) SB
231 2017 1867 (guarantees that messages are properly packaged and transmitted through the network.  \(References to detailed) SB
231 2067 1798 (descriptions of the many activities of TCP/IP are listed at the end of this document\).  TCP/IP is one of the) SB
231 2117 1723 (fundamental building blocks upon which standardized services can be built across diverse computers.) SB
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231 2264 480 (What Is The Internet?) SB
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381 2383 32 (o) SB
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456 2379 1662 (The Internet is a network of networks, all of which use the TCP/IP protocol suite as their standard) SB
456 2429 460 (communications protocols;) SB
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381 2484 32 (o) SB
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456 2480 1709 (The Internet interconnects supercomputers, mainframes, workstations, personal computers, and even) SB
456 2530 613 (laptop computers and packet radios;) SB
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381 2585 32 (o) SB
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456 2581 1698 (The Internet is huge;  as of 1991 it comprises more than 5,000 networks, serving over 350,000 hosts) SB
456 2631 1613 (and is used by more than 3.5 million people.  These numbers will continue to grow every day!;) SB
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381 2686 32 (o) SB
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456 2682 1644 (Perhaps most importantly, the Internet is a global village of Internet users who can communicate) SB
456 2732 1371 (across the planet as easily as you might walk to your next door neighbor's house.) SB
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1748 2976 433 (Chapter 2: The Internet) SB
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231 334 403 (Internet Addresses) SB
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231 448 1890 (Please read this section carefully.  In order to communicate and navigate within the Internet global village, you) SB
231 498 1894 (have to know how to read and write Internet addresses.  You need to specify an Internet address every time you) SB
231 548 1664 (send mail to an Internet user, or when you access Internet services like electronic library catalogs.) SB
231 648 1806 (Internet addresses are very similar to postal mail addresses in form and function.  For example, here's how) SB
231 698 1459 (someone from another country might address a letter to someone in the United States:) SB
456 798 246 (Jane Q. Public) SB
456 848 271 (11 Maple Street) SB
456 898 127 (Seattle,) SB
456 948 204 (Washington) SB
456 998 83 (USA) SB
231 1098 1849 (The address starts with a person's name.  The next three lines provide increasingly general information about) SB
231 1148 1902 (where she lives, from street to country.  Since streets are in cities, cities are in states, and states are in countries,) SB
231 1198 983 (this can be described as a hierarchical addressing scheme.) SB
231 1298 1902 (Computers accessed by users of the Internet are "network hosts."  Each network host has an "address," using the) SB
231 1348 1901 (same sort of hierarchical addressing scheme as postal addresses, by which it is known to computers and users of) SB
231 1398 1860 (the network.  Most of the time, you will be able to use Internet addresses in the Domain Name System \(DNS\)) SB
231 1448 124 (format.) SB
231 1548 1818 (Suppose that Jane Q. Public has an account on an Internet computer at the University of Washington.  \(Her) SB
231 1598 1912 (Internet address might look like the first line; her postal address is shown in the same format, on the second line,) SB
231 1648 987 (to illustrate the basic similarity between the two systems\):) SB
381 1748 144 (Internet:) SB
831 1748 743 (jqpublic@ibmpc23.biology.washington.edu) SB
381 1798 156 (US Mail:) SB
831 1798 909 (JaneQPublic,11MapleStreet,Seattle,Washington,USA) SB
231 1898 841 (The Internet address contains the following parts:) SB
gs 599 50 359 1995 CB
381 1998 139 (jqpublic) SB
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gs 1199 50 959 1995 CB
981 1998 539 (a "user-id" \(User Identification\)) SB
gr
gs 599 50 359 2045 CB
381 2048 39 (@) SB
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gs 1199 50 959 2045 CB
981 2048 438 ("this user-id is located at") SB
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gs 599 50 359 2095 CB
381 2098 148 (ibmpc23) SB
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gs 1199 50 959 2095 CB
981 2098 536 (a particular Internet host within) SB
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381 2148 129 (biology) SB
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gs 1199 50 959 2145 CB
981 2148 734 (the biology department at the University of) SB
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gs 1199 50 959 2195 CB
981 2198 623 (Washington campus network, within) SB
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381 2248 194 (washington) SB
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gs 1199 50 959 2245 CB
981 2248 680 (the Internet in Washington State, within) SB
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381 2298 61 (edu) SB
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981 2298 959 (the education-oriented portion of the Internet in the U.S.) SB
gr
231 2398 1839 (While using the Internet, you may encounter or need to use another style of Internet address, which contains) SB
231 2448 1414 (numbers instead of letters.  This numeric addressing system is called the IP address) SB
1645 2448 484 ( and is in fact the addressing) SB
231 2498 1873 (system by which computers are known to other computers \(The Domain Name System is a convenience for us) SB
231 2548 1315 (human beings, who are better at reading and remembering letters and words.\)) SB
231 2648 1500 (For example, the hypothetical computer at the University of Washington which is called) SB
381 2748 565 (ibmpc23.biology.washington.edu) SB
231 2848 1276 (in the Domain Name System might have the following IP numeric address:) SB
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1748 2976 433 (Chapter 2: The Internet) SB
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381 287 243 (128.95.10.207) SB
231 387 1800 (Notice that this IP address has four parts, just like the Domain Name System address.  Although it may be) SB
231 437 1915 (tempting to think that the four words separated by dots in the Domain Name System translate directly to the four) SB
231 487 1849 (numbers in the IP address, this is not the case.  A more appropriate analogy is the way names are paired with) SB
231 537 1099 (phone numbers; they may be assigned and reassigned arbitrarily.) SB
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231 684 415 (Domains and Hosts) SB
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231 798 1845 (The first part of an Internet address in DNS format always represents the name of an individual computer, or) SB
231 848 1778 ("host."  The rest of the name represents "domains" and "subdomains," which are hierarchically arranged.) SB
231 948 670 (Consider the following three addresses:) SB
gs 599 50 359 1045 CB
381 1048 166 (nwnet.net) SB
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gs 1049 50 959 1045 CB
981 1048 236 (\(host.domain\)) SB
gr
gs 599 50 359 1095 CB
381 1098 192 (stis.nsf.gov) SB
gr
gs 1049 50 959 1095 CB
981 1098 432 (\(host.subdomain.domain\)) SB
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381 1148 260 (nri.reston.va.us) SB
gr
gs 1049 100 959 1145 CB
981 1148 628 (\(host.subdomain.subdomain.domain\)) SB
gr
231 1248 1863 (The last part of an Internet address in DNS format always represents a "top level" domain.  Within the United) SB
231 1298 1206 (States, here are some of the top level domains that have been assigned:) SB
gs 449 50 359 1395 CB
381 1398 111 (ARPA) SB
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gs 1349 50 809 1395 CB
831 1398 626 (Advanced Projects Research Agency) SB
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gs 449 50 359 1445 CB
381 1448 95 (COM) SB
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gs 1349 50 809 1445 CB
831 1448 449 (Commercial organizations) SB
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gs 449 50 359 1495 CB
381 1498 86 (EDU) SB
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gs 1349 50 809 1495 CB
831 1498 626 (Educational and research institutions) SB
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gs 449 50 359 1545 CB
381 1548 90 (GOV) SB
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gs 1349 50 809 1545 CB
831 1548 368 (Government agencies) SB
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gs 449 50 359 1595 CB
381 1598 77 (MIL) SB
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gs 1349 50 809 1595 CB
831 1598 296 (Military agencies) SB
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gs 449 50 359 1645 CB
381 1648 82 (NET) SB
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gs 1349 50 809 1645 CB
831 1648 658 (Major network support centers domain) SB
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gs 449 50 359 1695 CB
381 1698 88 (ORG) SB
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gs 1349 50 809 1695 CB
831 1698 335 (Other organizations) SB
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gs 449 100 359 1745 CB
381 1748 53 (US) SB
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831 1748 738 (U.S. geographical domains \(e.g., WA.U.S.\)) SB
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231 1895 874 (The Internet As A Network Of Networks) SB
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231 2009 1827 (The worldwide Internet is currently composed of more than 5000 component networks, all of which use the) SB
231 2059 307 (TCP/IP Protocols.) SB
231 2159 1817 (Many of the details of the organization and administration of the Internet within the United States could be) SB
231 2209 1814 (drastically altered by pending legislation to establish a National Research and Education Network \(NREN\)) SB
2045 2209 11 (.) SB
231 2259 1807 (Consequently, the information in this section is purposely fairly general.  But at the very least, this section) SB
231 2309 1941 (provides a broad-brush description of how the Internet in the United States is organized, as of the autumn of 1991.) SB
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231 2456 1029 (How the Internet Is Structured Within The U.S.) SB
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231 2570 1943 (Internet networks within the United States are organized hierarchically into national, regional, and various sorts of) SB
231 2620 1889 (local networks. The purpose of each network is to provide Internet services to a particular geographic region or) SB
231 2670 225 (constituency.) SB
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1748 2976 433 (Chapter 2: The Internet) SB
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231 334 623 (National Networks Providers) SB
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231 448 1895 (National networks provide high-speed, long distance computer communication across the United States.  At the) SB
231 498 1944 (present time, there are several distinct national level networks operated by various U.S. government agencies, not-) SB
231 548 880 (for-profit organization, and commercial enterprises.) SB
231 648 1847 (Although all of these networks span the nation, often have sites at the same locations, and all use the TCP/IP) SB
231 698 1949 (protocols, they are, for the most part, logically and administratively distinct entities that internetwork only through) SB
231 748 390 (one or a few gateways.) SB
231 848 1872 (The most prevalent national network for the Internet user at higher educational institutions is NSFNET, which) SB
231 898 1210 (serves as the backbone connecting most regional educational networks.) SB
231 998 1531 (Here's a brief summary of some of the most widely used national networks in the Internet.) SB
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381 1103 32 (o) SB
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456 1099 858 (NSFNET  \(National Science Foundation Network\)) SB
1314 1099 730 ( was originally created to facilitate reliable) SB
456 1149 1687 (communication between universities and to provide easy access to NSF-sponsored supercomputers.) SB
456 1199 1697 (Its focus has now broadened to provide Internet connectivity to smaller colleges and post-secondary) SB
456 1249 406 (educational institutions.) SB
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381 1354 32 (o) SB
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456 1350 142 (UUNET) SB
598 1350 1563 ( is a non-profit organization which provides electronic mail connectivity to more than 1,000) SB
456 1400 291 (subscribing sites.) SB
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381 1505 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1501 590 (ESnet  \(Energy Sciences Network\)) SB
1046 1501 1057 ( is operated by the Department of Energy, and is comprised of) SB
456 1551 1059 (what were formerly HEPNET \(High Energy Physics Network\)) SB
1515 1551 561 ( and MFENET \(Magnetic Fusion) SB
456 1601 294 (Energy Network\)) SB
750 1601 1317 (, which connects physics departments conducting research in magnetic fusion) SB
456 1651 126 (energy.) SB
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381 1756 32 (o) SB
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456 1752 527 (DDN  \(Defense Data Network\)) SB
983 1752 1190 ( is funded by the Department of Defense, and itself contains a number) SB
456 1802 660 (of national level networks \(ARPANET) SB
1116 1802 171 (, DISNET) SB
1287 1802 181 (, MILNET) SB
1468 1802 169 (, SCINET) SB
1637 1802 229 (, and WINCS) SB
1866 1802 203 (\) devoted to) SB
456 1852 437 (military communications.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1957 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1953 547 (NSN  \(NASA Science Network\)) SB
1003 1953 1075 ( is for NASA staff, and research and academic sites performing) SB
456 2003 1673 (NASA sponsored research who need access to a number of scientific databases and supercomputer) SB
456 2053 86 (sites.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2158 32 (o) SB
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456 2154 712 (SPAN  \(Space Physics Analysis Network\)) SB
1168 2154 924 ( is a data comparison network for researchers in Solar,) SB
456 2204 1664 (Terrestrial, and Interplanetary Physics, but has since expanded to cover other disciplines.  SPAN's) SB
456 2254 1681 (primary services are for NASA \(the National Aeronautics and Space Administration\) and ESA \(the) SB
456 2304 441 (European Space Agency\).) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2409 32 (o) SB
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456 2405 639 (USAN \(University Satellite Network\)) SB
1095 2405 1011 ( serves organizations doing research in the atmospheric and) SB
456 2455 1680 (oceanographic sciences, featuring satellite access to the National Center for Atmospheric Research) SB
456 2505 549 (\(NCAR\) supercomputer facility.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 2652 595 (Regional Internet Networks) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2766 1809 (Most regional Internet networks were created by funding from the National Science Foundation to provide) SB
231 2816 1912 (networking services to universities and research institutions in specific geographic regions within the U.S..  Like) SB
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231 287 1946 (the national Internet networks, most regional Internet networks have a Network Information Center and a Network) SB
231 337 320 (Operations Center.) SB
231 437 1341 (NSF-funded regional networks are connected to NSFNET at a "backbone site.") SB
1572 437 547 (  For example, NorthWestNet \(a) SB
231 487 1836 (regional network serving the northwestern U.S., including Alaska\) is linked to NSFNET at the University of) SB
231 537 386 (Washington in Seattle.) SB
231 637 1919 (The existence of regional Internet-based networks is generally not perceivable to the average Internet user, much) SB
231 687 1940 (as the existence of regional phone companies is usually not apparent to you when you make a long distance phone) SB
231 737 73 (call.) SB
231 837 1898 (Many university Internet hosts are also beginning to act as local hubs to provide Internet access for primary and) SB
231 887 319 (secondary schools.) SB
231 987 796 (Here is a list of some of the regional networks:) SB
gs 449 50 359 1084 CB
381 1087 187 (BARRNet:) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1084 CB
831 1087 508 ("Bay Area Regional Research) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1134 CB
831 1137 441 (Network \(San Francisco\)") SB
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gs 449 50 359 1184 CB
381 1187 169 (CERFnet:) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1184 CB
831 1187 802 ("California Education and Research Federation) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1234 CB
831 1237 164 (Network") SB
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gs 449 50 359 1284 CB
381 1287 134 (CICnet:) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1284 CB
831 1287 863 ("Committee of Institutional Cooperation Network") SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1334 CB
831 1337 770 (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota,) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1384 CB
831 1387 356 (Ohio, and Wisconsin) SB
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gs 449 50 359 1434 CB
381 1437 177 (JVNCNet:) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1434 CB
831 1437 1124 ("John von Neumann Center Network"; originally a supercomputer) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1484 CB
831 1487 1062 (access network, now a regional serving the mid-Atlantic states) SB
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gs 449 50 359 1534 CB
381 1537 196 (Los Nettos:) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1534 CB
831 1537 757 (A regional network for the Los Angeles area) SB
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gs 449 50 359 1584 CB
381 1587 145 (MIDnet:) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1584 CB
831 1587 769 (A regional network for the Midwestern states) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1634 CB
831 1637 729 (Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri,) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1684 CB
831 1687 357 (Nebraska, Oklahoma) SB
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gs 449 50 359 1734 CB
381 1737 138 (MRNet:) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1734 CB
831 1737 534 ("Minnesota Regional Network") SB
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gs 449 50 359 1784 CB
381 1787 178 (NEARnet:) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1784 CB
831 1787 844 ("New England Academic and Research Network") SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1834 CB
831 1837 701 (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1884 CB
831 1887 592 (Hampshire Rhode Island, Vermont) SB
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gs 449 50 359 1934 CB
381 1937 258 (NorthWestNet:) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1934 CB
831 1937 788 (A regional network for the northwestern states) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 1984 CB
831 1987 819 (Alaska, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon,) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 2034 CB
831 2037 204 (Washington) SB
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gs 449 50 359 2084 CB
381 2087 210 (NYSERNet:) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 2084 CB
831 2087 741 ("New York State Educational and Research) SB
gr
gs 1499 50 809 2134 CB
831 2137 164 (Network") SB
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gs 449 50 359 2184 CB
381 2187 164 (PREPnet:) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 2184 CB
831 2187 866 ("Pennsylvania Research and Economic Partnership) SB
gr
gs 1499 50 809 2234 CB
831 2237 164 (Network") SB
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gs 449 50 359 2284 CB
381 2287 176 (Sesquinet:) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 2284 CB
831 2287 591 ("Texas Sesquicentennial Network") SB
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gs 449 50 359 2334 CB
381 2337 175 (SURAnet:) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 2334 CB
831 2337 826 ("Southeastern Universities Research Association) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 2384 CB
831 2387 845 (Network"Alabama, District of Columbia, Florida,) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 2434 CB
831 2437 817 (Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, North) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 2484 CB
831 2487 795 (Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia,) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 2534 CB
831 2537 239 (West Virginia) SB
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gs 449 50 359 2584 CB
381 2587 146 (THEnet:) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 2584 CB
831 2587 604 ("Texas Higher Education Network") SB
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gs 449 50 359 2634 CB
381 2637 209 (WESTNET:) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 2634 CB
831 2637 853 (A regional network for the Rocky Mountain states) SB
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gs 1499 50 809 2684 CB
831 2687 789 (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Utah,) SB
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gs 1499 100 809 2734 CB
831 2737 169 (Wyoming) SB
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231 334 734 (Internet Network NICs and NOCs) SB
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231 448 1864 (Most national and regional Internet networks have a NIC \(Network Information Center\) and a NOC \(Network) SB
231 498 334 (Operations Center\).) SB
231 598 297 (A network's NIC ) SB
528 598 1636 (provides centralized support for users and User Services staff throughout their network.  Typical) SB
231 648 1924 (NIC activities can include: preparing, distributing, and maintaining documentation for network users, publication) SB
231 698 1930 (of newsletters; maintenance of a central computer archive of information files or other resources; and educational) SB
231 748 1193 (training classes for the users and network staff of member institutions.) SB
231 848 302 (A network's NOC) SB
533 848 1436 ( deals with the operational aspects of running the network, including installation and) SB
231 898 1830 (maintenance of the network's hardware and software; daily monitoring and troubleshooting of the network's) SB
231 948 1874 (activity; and establishing connections to new network sites. NOC staff may also field questions from technical) SB
231 998 1795 (representatives from member institutions and from institutions which are contemplating connecting to the) SB
231 1048 149 (network.) SB
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231 1195 1098 (Supercomputer Access Oriented Internet Networks) SB
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231 1309 1752 (Finally, several Internet networks are dedicated to providing local access to the various NSF-sponsored) SB
231 1359 349 (supercomputer sites:) SB
gs 449 50 359 1456 CB
381 1459 124 (LANL:) SB
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gs 1049 50 809 1456 CB
831 1459 744 (Los Alamos National Laboratory Integrated) SB
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gs 1049 50 809 1506 CB
831 1509 348 (Computing Network) SB
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gs 449 50 359 1556 CB
381 1559 184 (NCSANet:) SB
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gs 1049 50 809 1556 CB
831 1559 864 ("National Center for Supercomputing Applications) SB
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gs 1049 50 809 1606 CB
831 1609 644 (Network" Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin) SB
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gs 449 50 359 1656 CB
381 1659 168 (PSCNET:) SB
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gs 1049 50 809 1656 CB
831 1659 745 (Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center Network) SB
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gs 1049 50 809 1706 CB
831 1709 793 (Pennsylvania, Maryland, Michigan, Oklahoma) SB
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gs 449 100 359 1756 CB
381 1759 168 (SDSCnet:) SB
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gs 1049 100 809 1756 CB
831 1759 728 (San Diego Supercomputer Center Network) SB
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231 1906 811 (Statewide and Within-State Networks) SB
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231 2020 1185 (Almost all 50 states currently have active statewide networks in place) SB
1416 2020 717 (.  Some of them use the TCP/IP protocols,) SB
231 2070 1548 (thereby allowing attached computers to inter-communicate when connected to the Internet.) SB
231 2170 386 (Metropolitan networks) SB
617 2170 1504 ( are a more recent entry to the network world.  As the name suggests, these networks are) SB
231 2220 1483 (designed to provide network services to geographically-restricted metropolitan regions.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
231 2367 36 (N) SB
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267 2377 60 (ON) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
327 2367 31 (-I) SB
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358 2377 200 (NTERNET ) SB
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558 2367 36 (N) SB
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594 2377 205 (ETWORKS) SB
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231 2478 1840 (There are several very important national level computer networks in the United States which do not use the) SB
231 2528 1135 (TCP/IP protocols, and thus, are not technically part of the Internet.) SB
231 2628 1924 (From an Internet user's perspective, a significant difficulty with non-Internet networks is that it is not possible, or) SB
231 2678 1338 (at least very difficult, to perform remote logins to computers in such networks.) SB
231 2778 1923 (Nonetheless, you can communicate with users and computer on many non-Internet networks via e-mail messages) SB
231 2828 591 (sent to electronic mail "gateways.") SB
822 2828 1345 (  Gateways are responsible for translating messages created for transport across) SB
231 2878 1325 (TCP/IP networks into messages that can be transported by the other networks.) SB
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231 287 1880 (Such gateways allow you to send mail to users on such non Internet networks, and in some cases allows you to) SB
231 337 1047 (access valuable services which are offered by these networks.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 484 1373 (Corporation for Research and Educational Networking \(CREN\)) SB
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231 598 112 (CREN) SB
343 598 1487 ( is an umbrella organization which was responsible for two national networks, BITNET) SB
1830 598 216 ( and CSNET) SB
2046 598 125 (.  As of) SB
231 648 1799 (October 1991, CSNET was no longer operational.  BITNET, however, is still a major provider of national) SB
231 698 410 (educational networking.) SB
231 798 1934 (BITNET--"Because It's Time Network"--was designed to facilitate electronic communications among universities) SB
231 848 1941 (throughout the world. BITNET is a strongly multi-disciplinary network with users in all academic fields. BITNET) SB
231 898 1939 (is of interest to Internet users because of a variety of unique and valuable services such as mature and widely used) SB
231 948 1894 (file and discussion list servers \(such as LISTSERV\).  Like the Internet, BITNET has sister networks throughout) SB
231 998 965 (the world which share network protocols \(such as EARN) SB
1196 998 939 (, the European Academic and Research Network\).  The) SB
231 1048 1900 (services of BITNET and its related networks are readily accessible to Internet users through gateways at several) SB
231 1098 1819 (sites which are connected to both the Internet and to BITNET.  For more information about electronic mail) SB
231 1148 703 (gateways, refer to Chapter 3 of NUSIRG.) SB
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231 1295 31 (F) SB
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262 1305 71 (OR ) SB
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333 1295 42 (M) SB
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375 1305 98 (ORE ) SB
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473 1295 14 (I) SB
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487 1305 281 (NFORMATION ) SB
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768 1295 36 (A) SB
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804 1305 124 (BOUT ) SB
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928 1295 31 (T) SB
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959 1305 67 (HE ) SB
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1026 1295 14 (I) SB
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1040 1305 189 (NTERNET) SB
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231 1406 1851 (Although most information on the Internet is available as online documents, there are several notable printed) SB
231 1456 1046 (books on The Internet specifically, and networking generally.) SB
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231 1603 1192 (Published Books And Articles About Internet Networks) SB
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231 1717 1875 (Frey, D. and R. Adams.  1990  !%@:: A Directory of Electronic Mail Addressing and Networks.  O'Reilly and) SB
231 1767 478 (Associates, Sebastopol, CA.) SB
231 1867 1830 (LaQuey, T. L.  1989.  "Networks for Academics," Academic Computing 4\(3\):32-39.  Academic Computing) SB
231 1917 598 (Publications, Inc.., McKinney, TX.) SB
231 2017 1568 (LaQuey, T. L.  1990.  User's Directory of Computer Networks.  Digital Press, Bedford, MA.) SB
231 2117 1931 (Quarterman, J. S. 1989.  "Etiquette and Ethics," ConneXions - The Interoperability Report 3\(4\):12-16.  Advanced) SB
231 2167 817 (Computing Environments, Mountain View, CA.) SB
231 2267 1919 (Quarterman, J. S.  1990.  The Matrix: Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems Worldwide.  Digital Press,) SB
231 2317 238 (Bedford, MA.) SB
231 2417 1918 (Stoll, C.  1989.  The Cuckoo's Egg: Tracking a Spy Through the Maze of Computer Espionage, Doubleday, New) SB
231 2467 179 (York, NY.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 2614 1035 (Published Information About Internet Protocols) SB
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231 2728 1922 (Comer, D. E.  1991.  Internetworking With TCP/IP.  Volume 1: Principles, Protocols, and Architecture.  Prentice) SB
231 2778 571 (Hall, Inc.., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.) SB
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1748 2976 433 (Chapter 2: The Internet) SB
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231 287 1919 (Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J. J., M. K. Stahl, and C. A. Ward.  1989.  Internet Protocol Handbook: The Domain Name) SB
231 337 1726 (System \(DNS\) Handbook.  SRI International, Network Information Systems Center, Menlo Park, CA.) SB
231 437 1852 (Stallings, W.  1990.  Handbook of Computer-Communications Standards Volume 1: The Open System \(OSI\)) SB
231 487 1891 (Model and OSI-Related Standards; Volume 2: Local Area Network Standards; Volume 3: The TCP/IP Protocol) SB
231 537 595 (Suite.  Macmillan, New York, NY.) SB
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231 684 811 (About "Online" Internet Information) SB
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231 798 1913 (The Internet is, to a large degree, self documented.  There is an enormous amount of "online" information stored) SB
231 848 1885 (on computers throughout the Internet.  A large percentage of such online information can be retrieved by using) SB
231 898 1797 (FTP \(File Transfer Protocol\), a tool for copying information to and from Internet computers.  For detailed) SB
231 948 1076 (information on how to use FTP, refer to Chapter 4 of NUSIRG.) SB
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231 1095 842 (About Requests for Comments \(RFC's\)) SB
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231 1209 1846 (RFC's are an essential source of information about the Internet.  As of September 1991 there were more than) SB
231 1259 1949 (1,000 RFC's containing general information, technical specifications about the "nuts and bolts" of the Internet, and) SB
231 1309 1808 (occasional general essays of interest to Internet users.  Complete sets of RFC's are available in many "FTP) SB
231 1359 964 (archives"; one currently authoritative source of RFC's is:) SB
gs 299 50 359 1456 CB
381 1459 174 (FTP Host:) SB
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gs 599 50 659 1456 CB
681 1459 202 (nnsc.nsf.net) SB
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381 1509 165 (directory:) SB
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gs 599 50 659 1506 CB
681 1509 47 (rfc) SB
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381 1559 85 (files:) SB
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gs 599 50 659 1556 CB
681 1559 211 (rfc-index.txt) SB
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gs 899 50 1259 1556 CB
1281 1559 497 (\(a current index of all RFC's\)) SB
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gs 599 50 659 1606 CB
681 1609 187 (rfc1000.txt) SB
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gs 899 50 1259 1606 CB
1281 1609 852 (\(each RFC is named rfcXXXX, where "XXXX" is) SB
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gs 899 50 1259 1656 CB
1281 1659 533 (the RFC number, e.g., rfc1000\)) SB
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gs 599 100 659 1706 CB
681 1709 83 (etc...) SB
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231 1856 935 (Online Overviews About Internet Networks) SB
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231 1970 1903 (Bowers, K., T. LaQuey, J. Reynolds,  K. Roubicek,  M. Stahl and  A. Yuan.  1990  RFC 1175: FYI on Where to) SB
231 2020 933 (Start - A Bibliography of Internetworking Information.) SB
gs 299 50 359 2117 CB
381 2120 174 (FTP Host:) SB
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gs 599 50 659 2117 CB
681 2120 202 (nnsc.nsf.net) SB
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681 2170 47 (rfc) SB
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381 2220 69 (file:) SB
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681 2220 187 (rfc1175.txt) SB
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231 2320 1927 (Spurgeon, C.  1990.  Network Reading List.  The University of Texas at Austin Computation Center, Austin, TX.) SB
gs 299 50 359 2417 CB
381 2420 174 (FTP Host:) SB
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gs 599 50 659 2417 CB
681 2420 264 (emx.utexas.edu) SB
gr
gs 299 50 359 2467 CB
381 2470 165 (directory:) SB
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gs 599 50 659 2467 CB
681 2470 284 (pub/netinfo/docs) SB
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gs 299 50 359 2517 CB
381 2520 85 (files:) SB
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gs 599 50 659 2517 CB
681 2520 401 (network-reading-list.txt) SB
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gs 899 50 1259 2517 CB
1281 2520 261 (\(ASCII format\)) SB
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681 2570 393 (network-reading-list.ps) SB
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1281 2570 325 (\(PostScript format\)) SB
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231 2670 1892 (NSF Network Service Center.  \(ongoing\).  Internet Resource Guide.  NSF Network Service Center, Cambridge,) SB
231 2720 67 (MA) SB
gs 299 50 359 2817 CB
381 2820 174 (FTP Host:) SB
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gs 599 50 659 2817 CB
681 2820 202 (nnsc.nsf.net) SB
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gs 299 50 359 2867 CB
381 2870 165 (directory:) SB
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231 648 1856 (Hedrick, C. L.  1987.  Introduction to the Internet Protocols.  Rutgers University Computer Science Facilities) SB
231 698 398 (Group, Piscataway, NJ.) SB
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381 798 174 (FTP Host:) SB
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681 798 292 (topaz.rutgers.edu) SB
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381 848 165 (directory:) SB
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681 848 265 (pub/tcp-ip-docs) SB
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381 898 85 (files:) SB
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681 898 225 (tcp-ip-intro.1) SB
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231 1048 1873 (Hedrick, C. L.  1988.  Introduction to Administration of an Internet-based Local Network.  Rutgers University) SB
231 1098 888 (Computer Science Facilities Group, Piscataway, NJ.) SB
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381 1198 174 (FTP Host:) SB
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681 1198 289 (athos.rutgers.edu) SB
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681 1248 87 (runet) SB
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1281 1298 261 (\(ASCII format\)) SB
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681 1348 267 (tcp-ip-admin.ps) SB
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231 1448 1818 (Krol, E.  1989.  RFC1118:  "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Internet.  University of Illinois Urbana, Urbana-) SB
231 1498 257 (Champaign, IL) SB
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681 1598 202 (nnsc.nsf.net) SB
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231 1845 1429 (Oganizations And Periodic Conferences Relevant to Internet Users) SB
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231 1959 517 (ACM SIGCOMM Symposium) SB
381 2059 731 (The Association for Computing Machinery) SB
381 2109 345 (11 West 42nd Street) SB
381 2159 472 (New York, NY 10036-8097) SB
381 2259 115 (phone:) SB
531 2259 263 (\(212\) 869-7440) SB
381 2309 66 (fax:) SB
531 2309 274 (\(212\) 869-0481.) SB
231 2409 976 (IDG Communication Networks Conference & Exposition) SB
381 2509 630 (IDG Conference Management Group) SB
381 2559 251 (P.O. Box 9171) SB
381 2609 421 (Framingham, MA 01701) SB
381 2709 103 (phone) SB
531 2709 263 (\(800\) 225-4698) SB
531 2759 263 (\(508\) 879-6700) SB
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231 287 678 (Internet Engineering Task Force \(IETF\)) SB
381 387 768 (Corporation for National Research Initiatives) SB
381 437 443 (1895 Preston White Drive) SB
381 487 161 (Suite 100) SB
381 537 315 (Reston, VA 22091) SB
381 637 363 (Attn: IAB Secretariat) SB
381 737 132 (e-mail: ) SB
531 737 479 (ietf-request@venera.isi.edu.) SB
231 837 270 (Internet Society) SB
381 937 443 (1895 Preston White Drive) SB
381 987 161 (Suite 100) SB
381 1037 326 (Reston, VA  22091) SB
381 1137 121 (e-mail:) SB
531 1137 367 (isoc@nri.reston.va.us) SB
231 1237 1304 (INTEROP Conference and TCP/IP OSI/ISO ISDN Internetworking Tutorials) SB
381 1337 220 (Interop, Inc..) SB
381 1387 386 (480 San Antonio Road) SB
381 1437 161 (Suite 100) SB
381 1487 462 (Mountain View, CA 94040) SB
381 1587 115 (phone:) SB
531 1587 309 (\(415\) 941-3399 or) SB
531 1637 279 (\(800\) INTEROP) SB
381 1687 66 (fax:) SB
531 1687 274 (\(415\) 949-1779.) SB
231 1787 916 (National Net Conference, and EDUCOM Conference.) SB
381 1887 181 (EDUCOM) SB
381 1937 372 (1112 16th Street, NW) SB
381 1987 161 (Suite 600) SB
381 2037 400 (Washington, DC 20036) SB
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231 448 1877 (By time you read this, NSFNET and similar national Internet networks may have been renamed "The National) SB
231 498 738 (Research and Education Network" \(NREN\)) SB
969 498 1183 (.  In November of 1991, President Bush signed the High-Performance) SB
231 548 1940 (Computing Act which authorized the creation of a permanent NREN.  The bill allocated $2.9 billion over the next) SB
231 598 1788 (five years to enhance the United States' high-performance computing and communications infrastructure.) SB
231 698 995 (Information on the NREN is available electronically from:) SB
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231 998 1266 (There are also online discussion groups dealing with NREN related issues:) SB
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306 2187 1638 (Section 2 of NUSIRG introduces you to the three basic tools for using the Internet.  Once you've) SB
306 2237 1718 (mastered Electronic Mail, FTP, and TELNET, you will be able to take advantage of most all Internet) SB
306 2287 147 (services.) SB
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306 2545 1769 (Electronic Mail is used to send messages to other people and even programs on other computers.  You'll) SB
306 2595 1729 (learn the basic principles of using e-mail within the Internet, and "e-mail etiquette" which apply to all) SB
306 2645 1777 (forms of electronic communication with other people.  At the end of this sub-section, you'll learn how to) SB
306 2695 1738 (use "mail gateways" to send e-mail messages to users and computers which are not part of the Internet) SB
306 2745 165 (networks.) SB
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306 445 1777 (The File Transfer Protocol \(FTP\) is for copying information from one computer to another.  By knowing) SB
306 495 1739 (how to use FTP, you will be able to access free information from computers throughout the world.  As) SB
306 545 1679 (you will notice, many of the documents to which you are referred for more information throughout) SB
306 595 1796 (NUSIRG are from FTP archives, so you'll have many opportunities to practice your FTP skills!  This sub-) SB
306 645 1786 (section also includes information on how to handle archived, compressed, and binary files, which require) SB
306 695 819 (special attention during or after an FTP transfer.) SB
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306 1003 1537 (TELNET called "tn3270" is often used for accessing Internet services on IBM mainframes) SB
1843 1003 188 (.  You'll be) SB
306 1053 1633 (shown how to use TELNET to access many valuable Internet applications throughout the rest of) SB
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306 1153 1702 (examples of TELNET services, you'll learn how to use a typical online Information Service, and the) SB
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744 389 924 (Chapter 3: Electronic Mail) SB
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456 676 1448 (He opened the geography to study the lesson...they were all different places, that had) SB
456 726 1457 (those different names.  They were all in different countries...and the countries were in) SB
456 776 1492 (continents, and the continents were in the world, and the world was in the universe.  He) SB
456 826 1267 (turned to the flyleaf of the geography, and read what he had written there:) SB
681 926 304 (Stephen Daedelus) SB
681 976 347 (    Class of Elements) SB
681 1026 527 (        Clongowes Wood College) SB
681 1076 258 (             Sallins) SB
681 1126 460 (                  County Kildare) SB
681 1176 388 (                        Ireland) SB
831 1226 267 (             Europe) SB
831 1276 435 (                   The Universe) SB
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1131 1429 210 (James Joyce) SB
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1131 1478 634 (Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man) SB
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1765 1479 145 ( \(pg. 15\)) SB
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231 1736 39 (G) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
270 1746 157 (ETTING ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
427 1736 33 (S) SB
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460 1746 286 (TARTED WITH ) SB
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746 1736 33 (E) SB
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779 1746 244 (LECTRONIC ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
1023 1736 42 (M) SB
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1065 1746 64 (AIL) SB
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231 1894 541 (What Is Electronic Mail?) SB
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231 2008 1855 (In most ways, electronic mail \(or "e-mail"\) is very much like regular, postal mail.  It is used to send letters or) SB
231 2058 575 (other information to other people.) SB
231 2158 1922 (Instead of being delivered by the postal service to a person's house or business, e-mail is sent through a computer) SB
231 2208 541 (network to a person's computer.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 2355 890 (What Can You Do With Electronic Mail?) SB
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231 2469 1922 (You can use e-mail for most of the same purposes for which you can use postal mail \(except for mailing physical) SB
231 2519 145 (objects\).) SB
231 2619 1856 (Even better, an e-mail message usually gets to its destination in minutes or even seconds, rather than in days!) SB
231 2719 1826 (You can also use e-mail to communicate with special computers called "mail servers," which automatically) SB
231 2769 1907 (respond to certain commands, and can send you information or files back by e-mail.  This document includes an) SB
231 2819 1565 (example of using a mail server so you can get some experience using e-mail on the Internet.) SB
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1703 2976 478 (Chapter 3: Electronic Mail) SB
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231 334 1160 (What Do You Need To Know To Use Electronic Mail?) SB
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231 448 1948 (Because you probably already know how to write and send letters, you can understand e-mail by thinking about its) SB
231 498 638 (similarities to regular US postal mail.) SB
231 598 1942 (Suppose you wanted to write a letter to your aunt Susan Rose Allen to ask if you could stay at her farm the second) SB
231 648 817 (week of July.  All you'd have to do would be to:) SB
381 748 340 (1.  write your letter;) SB
381 798 765 (2.  put her name and address on an envelope;) SB
381 848 824 (3.  and put your letter in a mailbox \(Example 1\).) SB
231 948 1236 (Using e-mail is just as simple, and involves exactly the same three steps:) SB
381 1048 769 (1.  write your e-mail message on a computer;) SB
381 1098 858 (2.  include the person's user-id and e-mail address;) SB
381 1148 663 (3.  and then send your e-mail message!) SB
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231 287 625 (Example 1: A typical US mail letter:) SB
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1281 440 256 (James T. Allen) SB
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2 49 357 437 B
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1281 490 350 (12345 NE 47th Ave.) SB
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1281 540 402 (Seattle, Washington \(1\)) SB
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1281 590 215 (June 1, 1991) SB
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381 740 300 (Susan Rose Allen) SB
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2 49 357 737 B
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gs 1497 50 360 787 CB
381 790 431 (Idaho Creek High School) SB
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381 840 341 (12 Apple Tree Lane) SB
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gs 1497 50 360 887 CB
381 890 326 (Idaho Creek, Idaho) SB
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2 49 357 937 B
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gs 1497 50 360 987 CB
381 990 299 (Dear Aunt Susan,) SB
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gs 1497 50 360 1037 CB
381 1040 1259 (Do you think I could visit you the second week of July?  I promise to help) SB
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gs 1497 50 360 1087 CB
381 1090 1280 (you pick cherries from your orchard!  Well, I'd better stop writing, the mail) SB
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gs 1497 50 360 1137 CB
381 1140 1044 (truck is coming by in a few minutes.  Please write back soon!) SB
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381 1290 103 (James) SB
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231 1493 649 (Example 2: A typical e-mail message:) SB
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381 1646 92 (Date:) SB
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gs 1273 50 584 1643 CB
606 1646 464 (Mon., 6 June 91 14:22 PST) SB
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381 1696 103 (From:) SB
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gs 1273 50 584 1693 CB
606 1696 511 (jt_allen@jrhs.lkside.wash.edu) SB
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381 1746 59 (To:) SB
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gs 1273 50 584 1743 CB
606 1746 504 (sr_allen@hs.idacrk.idaho.edu) SB
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2 49 357 1743 B
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381 1796 127 (Subject) SB
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gs 1273 50 584 1793 CB
606 1796 425 (My first e-mail message!) SB
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381 1896 299 (Dear Aunt Susan,) SB
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381 1996 1297 (Thanks for letting me know I could visit starting July 15th.  When I'm there,) SB
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381 2046 1133 (do you think your friend the geology teacher, Bill Diaz, could take) SB
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381 2096 1275 (me prospecting again in the mountains? I really enjoyed riding pack horses) SB
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381 2146 493 (into the canyon last summer!) SB
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381 2246 1317 (Please send me a computer message back soon...This is my *first* time using) SB
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381 2296 1324 (e-mail and I want to be sure this gets to you.  I can't believe that I can use this) SB
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2 49 357 2293 B
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381 2346 769 (computer to write a message to you in Idaho!) SB
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381 2446 128 (- James) SB
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1703 2976 478 (Chapter 3: Electronic Mail) SB
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231 287 934 (1.  Everybody Using The Internet Has A "User-id") SB
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231 391 1950 (Before you mail a regular letter, the first thing you should know is to whom it will be sent.  Usually, you'll put that) SB
231 441 661 (person's regular name on the envelope.) SB
231 541 1916 (If you want to send e-mail to someone, you have to know their user-id.  The term "user-id" is an abbreviation for) SB
231 591 1831 (USER-IDentification, and is generally pronounced "user eye dee".  User-ids are often assigned by computer) SB
231 641 912 (network authorities at a person's school or workplace.) SB
231 741 1684 (Let's look at the beginning of the second and third lines of the simple e-mail message \(Example 2\):) SB
381 841 103 (From:) SB
531 841 128 (jt_allen) SB
381 891 59 (To:) SB
531 891 134 (sr_allen) SB
231 991 1883 (The first line indicates that the message is from user-id "jt_allen" \(James Trevor Allen\) and that the message is) SB
231 1041 797 (going to user-id "sr_allen" \(Susan Rose Allen\).) SB
231 1141 1905 (In this example, the user-id's are made in a very easy-to-understand way that you'll probably see very frequently) SB
2136 1141 11 (.) SB
231 1191 1891 (Both of these user-id's were made by putting together a person's first and second initials, an underline, and then) SB
231 1241 642 (the first five letters of their last name.) SB
231 1341 1105 (But don't forget, there are many other ways to construct user-ids!) SB
231 1441 1679 (Here are some other ways Susan Allen's name might be turned into a user-id at other Internet sites:) SB
381 1541 186 (ALLSUSR) SB
681 1541 405 (\(ALLen, SUSan, Rose \)) SB
381 1591 189 (ALLENSR) SB
681 1591 405 (\(ALLEN, Susan, Rose \)) SB
381 1641 186 (SUSRALL) SB
681 1641 405 (\(SUSan, Rose,  ALLen\)) SB
381 1691 198 (NRG1234T) SB
681 1691 843 (\(a completely arbitrary user-id assigned to Susan\)) SB
231 1791 1917 (So just because you know someone's regular name doesn't mean you can guess their user-id. You usually need to) SB
231 1841 1935 (know a person's user-id before you can try to send them e-mail.  Later in this user's guide, you'll learn how to find) SB
231 1891 1939 (a person's user-id if you already know their real name, but  there are a few other things that we need to cover first.) SB
231 1991 1852 (If you're looking at Example 2 right now, you're probably wondering what the rest of the lines 2 and 3 are all) SB
231 2041 105 (about.) SB
231 2141 1067 (What in the world does "sr_allen@hs.idacrk.idaho.edu" mean?) SB
231 2241 1912 (It means where \(at what computer\) in the Internet world Susan Rose Allen, with user-id sr_allen, has a computer) SB
231 2291 143 (account.) SB
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231 2391 945 (2.  Every User-id Is At \("@"\) A Computer Address) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2495 1946 (Once you know a person's name, the next thing you have to know if you want to write them a regular letter is their) SB
231 2545 355 (regular mail address.) SB
231 2645 1883 (The same is true for e-mail: you need to know that person's e-mail address.  Luckily, Internet addresses are put) SB
231 2695 996 (together in almost the same way as regular mail addresses.) SB
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1703 2976 478 (Chapter 3: Electronic Mail) SB
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231 287 1862 (Look at Susan Allen's regular mail address in the US mail letter in Example 1.  After her name, there are four) SB
231 337 1836 (parts to her address.  This address starts with the most local information \(her school\) and ends with the most) SB
231 387 318 (general \(her state\).) SB
231 487 1930 (This standard way of writing an address helps the postal service find the right person in the right town in the right) SB
231 537 1893 (state.  After all, there might be 2 different Susan Allens in Idaho Creek, 20 different Susan Allens in Idaho, and) SB
231 587 843 (2,000 different Susan Allens in the United States!) SB
231 687 1879 (Computer addresses \(or domain names\) usually follow the same rules as postal addresses for the same reasons.) SB
231 737 1029 (Here are some important facts about Internet domain names:) SB
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381 842 32 (o) SB
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456 838 1639 (You read a computer's Internet domain name left to right; the first name is usually the name of a) SB
456 888 1659 (particular computer, and the last name is the abbreviation for a national or international computer) SB
456 938 1562 (domain \(e.g., "edu" for the EDUcational part of the U.S. portion of the Internet, "au" for the) SB
456 988 680 (Australian portion of the Internet, etc..\).) SB
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381 1043 32 (o) SB
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456 1039 1629 (Each part of a computer's domain name is separated by a period, instead of being on a new line.) SB
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381 1094 32 (o) SB
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456 1090 710 (E-mail addresses use many abbreviations.) SB
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381 1145 32 (o) SB
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456 1141 1687 (The particular words in each part of a domain name may have meaning, only to site administrators.) SB
456 1191 1694 (Each site is responsible for choosing their own domain name, and the may as easily choose to name) SB
456 1241 1573 (their computers after a cartoon character or a famous author as after a geographical location.) SB
231 1341 1540 (For more information about Internet domain names, see "Internet Addresses" in Chapter 2.) SB
231 1441 1606 (Well, now, let's put Susan's postal and e-mail address into the same format and compare them:) SB
381 1541 121 (e-mail:) SB
681 1541 331 (hs.idacrk.idaho.edu) SB
381 1591 144 (US Mail) SB
681 1591 610 (HighSchool.IdahoCreek.Idaho.USA) SB
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231 1788 549 (How Do You Use E-mail?) SB
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231 1902 1840 (There are many kinds of e-mail software programs, each with different special features--so it's impossible to) SB
231 1952 1888 (include instructions for every kind of e-mail software in this document.  These instructions would be about 100) SB
231 2002 1859 (pages longer, and would contain a great deal of information that you--and many other people--wouldn't need!) SB
231 2102 1807 (Hopefully, your instructor or your computer center staff can help get you started with the particular e-mail) SB
231 2152 1899 (software used by your computers.  But no matter what mail software you use, you will usually go through a few) SB
231 2202 603 (simple steps when you send e-mail.) SB
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231 2349 771 (The Basic Steps For Sending E-mail) SB
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231 2463 1943 (Step 1.  You start a mail software package by typing it's name \(or on computers like the Macintosh, clicking on an) SB
231 2513 1684 (icon\).  Mail packages are often called something like "mail" or a name containing the word "mail.") SB
231 2613 1901 (Step 2.  You will usually be asked to supply one or more user-ids and e-mail addresses as your list of recipients.) SB
231 2713 1913 (Step 3.  Very often you will be asked to supply a "subject," which should be a brief description of what the letter) SB
231 2763 1925 (is about.  Many mail software packages offer additional useful features for the "envelope" of the electronic letter,) SB
231 2813 819 (such as "cc:" for the sending of "carbon copies.") SB
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231 287 1903 (Step 4.  To draft your letter, you will usually then be able to use a mail editor, which is similar to a simple word) SB
231 337 345 (processing program.) SB
231 437 1451 (Step 5.  When you are done typing your message, you can send your e-mail message!) SB
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231 584 695 (Receiving Incoming Mail E-mail) SB
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231 698 1800 (Usually the same mail software which allows you to write and send mail is also used for receiving and for) SB
231 748 362 (displaying your mail.) SB
231 848 993 (Incoming mail is usually stored in an electronic "mailbox") SB
1224 848 900 ( or "mailbook" which allows you to scan the subjects) SB
231 898 1901 (and user-ids of mail that has been sent to you, just like you might riffle through a pile of mail that has arrived at) SB
231 948 197 (your house.) SB
231 1048 1858 (You can read the mail with the mail editor, and send a reply back to the user-id and e-mail address in the line) SB
231 1098 273 (labelled "from.") SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1245 1215 (Retrieving Files via E-Mail from Electronic Mail Servers) SB
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231 1359 1815 (E-mail can also be used to send messages to computers on the network which will automatically send back) SB
231 1409 1547 (information that you have requested.  Such computers are sometimes called "mail servers.") SB
231 1509 1779 (Electronic mail servers \(sometimes referred to as "file servers"\) are programs which accept a few special) SB
231 1559 810 (commands to retrieve files from "file archives.") SB
231 1659 1922 (To use an electronic mail server, send an e-mail message to the mail server's Internet address, and put requests to) SB
231 1709 1836 (the mail server in the body of your mail message. Sometimes, but not always, mail server commands can be) SB
231 1759 611 (placed in the "subject:" line as well.) SB
231 1859 1844 (To get started with a mail server, you should try sending e-mail with the word "help" in the message.  Often,) SB
231 1909 1821 (within a short time \(usually minutes, but sometimes as long as a day\) you should receive a message in your) SB
231 1959 1945 (incoming mail with a description of how to use that particular mail server, and sometimes, detailed descriptions of) SB
231 2009 779 (what files that particular mail server contains.) SB
231 2109 1896 (There are many mail servers located throughout the Internet.  Here's a brief list of some mail servers containing) SB
231 2159 403 (files of general interest:) SB
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1703 2976 478 (Chapter 3: Electronic Mail) SB
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231 76 1002 (NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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381 287 268 (E-Mail Address) SB
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1131 287 526 (Partial Description of Contents) SB
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381 387 383 (almanac@oes.orst.edu) SB
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gs 749 50 1109 384 CB
1131 387 418 (Agricultural information) SB
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gs 749 50 1109 384 CB
1549 387 11 (,) SB
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gs 749 50 1109 434 CB
1131 437 293 (Electronic Books) SB
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gs 749 50 359 484 CB
381 487 591 (archive-server@ames.arc.nasa.gov) SB
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gs 749 50 1109 484 CB
1131 487 501 (NASA and space related files) SB
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381 537 577 (mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu) SB
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gs 749 50 1109 534 CB
1131 537 580 (Many files useful for new Internet) SB
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gs 749 50 1109 584 CB
1131 587 443 (users, such as "FAQ" files) SB
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gs 749 50 1109 634 CB
1131 637 519 (\(Frequently Asked Questions\),) SB
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gs 749 50 1109 684 CB
1131 687 477 (as well as a large number of) SB
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gs 749 50 1109 734 CB
1131 737 570 (archives of USENET newsgroups) SB
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381 787 415 (netlib@research.att.com) SB
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1131 787 518 (Mathematical source code and) SB
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gs 749 50 1109 834 CB
1131 837 192 (algorithms.) SB
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381 887 346 (netlib@uunet.uu.net) SB
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1131 887 593 (A large collection of files on many) SB
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gs 749 50 1109 934 CB
1131 937 482 (different topics: source code) SB
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gs 749 50 1109 984 CB
1131 987 444 (for most kinds of personal) SB
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gs 749 50 1109 1034 CB
1131 1037 557 (computers, archives of USENET) SB
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gs 749 50 1109 1084 CB
1131 1087 211 (newsgroups.) SB
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gs 749 50 359 1134 CB
381 1137 353 (service@nic.ddn.mil) SB
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gs 749 50 1109 1134 CB
1131 1137 427 (Internet information files) SB
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gs 749 100 1109 1184 CB
1131 1187 432 (including RFCs and FYIs) SB
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231 1287 1557 (For example, you can send mail to a computer service run by the Oregon Extension Service) SB
1788 1287 311 ( called "Almanac") SB
231 1337 1880 (which contains a wide variety of educationally valuable offerings such as "electronic books," and an enormous) SB
231 1387 1914 (amount of information from the Department of Agriculture which you can have sent to you simply by sending e-) SB
231 1437 76 (mail) SB
307 1437 11 (.) SB
231 1537 1804 (In this example, you'll send a message to Almanac, requesting a copy of the Declaration of Independence!) SB
231 1637 549 (Step 1.  Start your mail program) SB
231 1737 1322 (Step 2.  Address a mail message to the following Internet user-id and address:) SB
381 1837 383 (almanac@oes.orst.edu) SB
231 1937 1049 (Step 3.  You don't have to include anything in the subject line) SB
231 2037 959 (Step 4.  In your mail editor, type the following message:) SB
381 2137 369 (send guten dec-of-ind) SB
231 2237 685 ("Guten" is short for "Project Gutenberg") SB
916 2237 1265 (, a non-profit organization dedicated to creating free electronic versions of) SB
231 2287 1647 (the world's great literature and "dec-of-ind" is the file name for the Declaration of Independence.) SB
231 2387 539 (Step 5.  Send the mail message.) SB
231 2487 1950 (Step 6.  In a short while, you should receive e-mail from Almanac.  If you did everything right, it will be a copy of) SB
231 2537 1914 (the Declaration of Independence!  If you made a mistake, the e-mail message from Almanac will give you a hint) SB
231 2587 1045 (about what you did wrong, and how to send a correct request.) SB
231 2687 1920 (If you want more information about Almanac, you can send an e-mail message to Almanac containing one of the) SB
231 2737 346 (following messages:) SB
381 2837 182 (send guide) SB
831 2837 634 (\(to get a copy of the Almanac Guide\)) SB
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1703 2976 478 (Chapter 3: Electronic Mail) SB
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381 287 307 (send topic catalog) SB
831 287 648 (\(to get a copy of Almanac's holdings\).) SB
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231 434 974 (For More Information About Electronic Mail) SB
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231 548 1811 (For more information about specific electronic mail software, consult your local users service staff or your) SB
231 598 1874 (instructor.  If you are using a mainframe computer, you may also be able to get help by typing "man mail" \(on) SB
231 648 1061 (UNIX computers\), or "help mail" \(on most other mainframes\).) SB
231 748 1822 (Many of the technical details about how e-mail is packaged and handled on the Internet are specified in the) SB
231 798 761 (following "RFCs" \(Requests for Comments\):) SB
381 898 1395 (RFC822 Crocker, D.H.  Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages) SB
381 948 885 (RFC821 Postel, J.B.  Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) SB
381 998 1049 (RFC974 Partridge, C.  Mail Routing and The Domain System) SB
231 1098 1820 (These and all other RFCs can be obtained from a number of FTP archives around the world.  One currently) SB
231 1148 651 (authoritative FTP archive for RFCs is:) SB
381 1248 174 (FTP Host:) SB
681 1248 202 (nnsc.nsf.net) SB
381 1298 165 (directory:) SB
681 1298 47 (rfc) SB
381 1348 85 (files:) SB
681 1348 211 (rfc-index.txt) SB
1131 1348 461 (a current index of all RFCs) SB
681 1398 187 (rfc1000.txt) SB
1131 1398 634 (each RFC is named rfcXXXX, where) SB
681 1448 83 (etc...) SB
1131 1448 581 ("XXXX" is the RFC number, e.g.,) SB
1131 1498 110 (rfc822) SB
231 1598 1607 (For more information about using FTP \(File Transfer Protocol\), refer to chapter 4 of NUSIRG.) SB
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231 1745 1147 (For More Information About Electronic Mail Servers) SB
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231 1859 1809 (Jonathan Kamens of MIT maintains a file called "How To Find Sources" which contains a listing of useful) SB
231 1909 1888 (electronic mail servers \(along with many other useful sources of information\).  Rather appropriately, this file is) SB
231 1959 585 (itself available from a mail server.) SB
231 2059 779 (To get this file, address an e-mail message to:) SB
381 2159 577 (mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu) SB
231 2259 1726 (containing the following message, all on one line, with every character entered EXACTLY as shown:) SB
381 2359 1611 (send usenet/comp.sources.wanted/How_to_find_sources_\(READ_THIS_BEFORE_POSTING\)) SB
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1703 2976 478 (Chapter 3: Electronic Mail) SB
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231 334 33 (E) SB
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264 344 244 (LECTRONIC ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
508 334 42 (M) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
550 344 75 (AIL ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
625 334 33 (E) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
658 344 197 (TIQUETTE) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 39 /Times-Italic /font39 ANSIFont font
456 542 1361 (Undirected by culture patterns--organized systems of significant symbols--man's) SB
456 592 1496 (behavior would be virtually ungovernable, a mere chaos of pointless acts and exploding) SB
456 642 1472 (emotions, his experience virtually shapeless.  Culture, the accumulated totality of such) SB
456 692 1484 (patterns, is not just an ornament of human existence but ... an essential condition for it.) SB
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1131 795 260 (Clifford Geertz) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 39 /Times-Italic /font39 ANSIFont font
1131 844 511 (The Interpretation of Cultures) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
1642 845 145 ( \(pg. 46\)) SB
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456 1094 1426 (More often than not, what brings a stranger to his knees here is waving.  Waving--it) SB
456 1144 1300 (looks like a simple act, but it's almost as complicated as spoken Minnesotan.) SB
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1131 1247 239 (Howard Mohr) SB
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1131 1296 430 (How To Talk Minnesotan) SB
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1561 1297 155 ( \(pg.182\)) SB
231 1549 1869 (There are a number of important and generally agreed upon do's and don'ts which you should at least consider) SB
231 1599 363 (when you use e-mail.) SB
231 1699 1940 (Of course, as with all kinds of etiquette, there are no absolute right and wrongs, only modes of behavior which are) SB
231 1749 1910 (deemed acceptable by the community of people with whom you are communicating.  Therefore, these should be) SB
231 1799 859 (treated as suggestions, rather than inviolable rules.) SB
231 1899 1902 (This list may seem long and somewhat arbitrary, but after reading many mail messages from many other people) SB
231 1949 1903 (\(and examples 1 and 2, which, respectively, follow and violate these suggestions\), you will probably understand) SB
231 1999 659 (why these principles make good sense.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 2146 560 (Etiquette and E-mail style) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2260 1555 (Here is a list of some simple guidelines or suggestions for using electronic mail acceptably:) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
231 2365 32 (o) SB
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381 2361 1468 (Be brief.  You can often fit everything you need to communicate in one screen of text.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
231 2416 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
381 2412 1659 (Try to keep the length of the lines in your e-mail below 65 columns; short lines are easier to read,) SB
381 2462 1735 (especially on a computer screen, and other people's terminals may not be able to display more than 70) SB
381 2512 1081 (columns, so they may not be able to read the ends of long lines.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
231 2567 32 (o) SB
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381 2563 1652 (Use blank space between paragraphs or other logical units of text to break the text up for the eye.) SB
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231 2618 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
381 2614 1779 (Use mixed upper and lower case and standard capitalization. Mixed-case text is much easier to read than) SB
381 2664 1601 (all lower or all upper case; even worse, USING UPPER CASE WHEN YOU WRITE IS LIKE) SB
381 2714 641 (SCREAMING WHEN YOU SPEAK!) SB
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231 2769 32 (o) SB
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381 2765 1778 (Most computer terminals do not display underlined or italicized characters, which are commonly used to) SB
381 2815 1788 (provide emphasis in handwriting.  So, if you want to emphasize something, you can use all-capital letters) SB
381 2865 1637 (for what you REALLY want to emphasize. Another way to emphasize a word is to put asterisks,) SB
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381 287 1744 (underlines, or other special characters at the beginning and end of a word or phrase, like *this*, or like) SB
381 337 463 (_this_, or >even< like that!) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
231 392 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
381 388 1724 (Keep your paragraphs short; in general, fewer than 15 lines should be about right.  \(Notice how much) SB
381 438 909 (easier it is to read this paragraph than the one above.\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
231 493 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
381 489 1727 (Avoid using control sequences \(like "ctrl z"\) or special keys \(like tab bars\), even if they seem to work) SB
381 539 1720 (fine while you are editing your mail document.  Such special characters may alter the display of your) SB
381 589 1364 (message making it virtually unreadable on the other person's computer terminal.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 736 622 (Etiquette and E-mail content) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
231 855 32 (o) SB
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381 851 1705 (Begin your text with the name of the person to whom you are writing, just like you'd begin a regular) SB
381 901 1715 (letter.  Even though the person's name is in the mail header, starting your text with their name makes) SB
381 951 592 (your message seem more personal.) SB
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231 1006 32 (o) SB
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381 1002 1792 (If you are responding to someone else's mail, you might want to include short, relevant passages from the) SB
381 1052 1756 (original message.  This will be useful to establish context, or give your e-mail more of a conversational) SB
381 1102 1162 (tone.  The standard convention used in the Internet community is to:) SB
381 1202 24 (>) SB
456 1202 1207 (begin each line from their message with a "greater than" sign, like this.) SB
381 1302 1753 (Some mail software allows you to automatically include someone else's mail message in your outgoing) SB
381 1352 1792 (message.  You are then free to edit out the lines you don't want to include.  Be careful *not* include their) SB
381 1402 1798 (entire message unless you have to!  This wastes resources used for transmitting and storing mail, and may) SB
381 1452 919 (waste the time of the person to whom you are writing.) SB
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231 1507 32 (o) SB
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381 1503 1778 (Never forget that the person to whom you are sending mailing is another human being, with feelings and) SB
381 1553 1654 (beliefs that may be very different from yours! This can be easy to forget when you are sitting at a) SB
381 1603 1755 (computer terminal, writing a mail message to a person you might never have met in real life, and about) SB
381 1653 554 (whom you may know very little.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
231 1708 32 (o) SB
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381 1704 1752 (In face-to-face conversation, there are many subtle cues provided by body language and intonation that) SB
381 1754 1702 (let us know how what we are saying is affecting the other person.  These cues are completely absent) SB
381 1804 1710 (when using e-mail, so strive to be concise, clear, and polite in your own writing, and flexible in your) SB
381 1854 1711 (interpretation of other people's mail.  This follows an old networking axiom: "be precise in what you) SB
381 1904 703 (send, and forgiving of what you receive.") SB
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231 1959 32 (o) SB
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381 1955 1653 (Since e-mail doesn't contain physical cues, a number of conventions peculiar to e-mail have been) SB
381 2005 1703 (developed.  In particular, a "smiley" is used to indicate that the previous statement that is meant in a) SB
381 2055 1779 (light-hearted or humorous way.  "Smileys", when looked at sideways, look vaguely like "stick drawings") SB
381 2105 1789 (of human faces.  There are hundreds of smileys that can be made with the basic characters of a keyboard,) SB
381 2155 1757 (each of which conveys a slightly different meaning.  Here is a small audience of smileys to give you an) SB
381 2205 83 (idea:) SB
381 2305 40 (:-\)) SB
456 2305 274 (the basic smiley) SB
381 2405 40 (;-\)) SB
456 2405 325 (the winking smiley) SB
381 2505 52 (;^}) SB
456 2505 661 (a slightly more sinister winking smiley) SB
381 2605 38 (:-\\) SB
456 2605 368 (a consternated smiley) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
231 2710 32 (o) SB
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381 2706 1718 (End the text of your message with your name.  Again, this makes your mail feel more personal to the) SB
381 2756 117 (reader.) SB
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231 2811 32 (o) SB
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381 2807 1415 (With some mail software, you can easily create a file called a "signature" \(or "sig"\)) SB
1796 2807 153 ( which is) SB
381 2857 1433 (automatically added to every outgoing mail message you send. If you *do* use a sig) SB
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1703 2976 478 (Chapter 3: Electronic Mail) SB
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381 296 20 (l) SB
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456 287 887 (Keep your sig short, fewer than five lines is enough.) SB
32 0 0 25 25 0 0 21 /ZapfDingbats font
381 346 20 (l) SB
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456 337 1715 (Don't include a lot of graphics made of letters and characters, lists of all possible telephone numbers,) SB
456 387 1421 (postal, and e-mail addresses at which you can be contacted, or your favorite quotes.) SB
381 487 1796 (At the very least, such sigs can be annoying, and at worst, they take up space in other people's computers.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
231 542 32 (o) SB
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381 538 900 (And finally, before sending off your e-mail message:) SB
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381 647 20 (l) SB
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456 638 575 (Look over what you have written.) SB
32 0 0 25 25 0 0 21 /ZapfDingbats font
381 697 20 (l) SB
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456 688 897 (Make sure you've said everything you needed to say.) SB
32 0 0 25 25 0 0 21 /ZapfDingbats font
381 747 20 (l) SB
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456 738 969 (Make sure you haven't said things you didn't need to say.) SB
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381 797 20 (l) SB
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456 788 1614 (Make sure you've used correct spelling and grammar.  splling errers end bad grammers make it) SB
456 838 891 (harder for uther peeple to reed what you wrought.:^\)) SB
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231 985 771 (Etiquette and the Sending of E-mail) SB
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231 1099 1903 (Many mail software packages allow you to add a person's real name to the "TO:" field.  This adds a humanizing) SB
231 1149 1928 (touch to your mail messages. Most people prefer to be called by their real names, rather than some arbitrary user-) SB
231 1199 47 (id!) SB
231 1299 1885 (Use short, informative, subject lines.  You can usually summarize what your message is about in fewer than 40) SB
231 1349 1747 (characters; and in many cases, software for receiving e-mail only displays the first 15 or 20 characters!) SB
231 1449 1796 (Most mail software packages have a "CC:" \(Carbon Copy\) option.  This will cause your mail to be sent to) SB
231 1499 1940 (additional people who are at least marginally interested in what you have sent to the person indicated in the "TO:") SB
231 1549 1909 (field. For example, in the correspondence between Bill Diaz and James Allen in the Introduction to Mail section) SB
231 1599 1919 (of this User's Guide, Bill and James might "CC:" Susan Allen on many of their messages.  This is a very sensible) SB
231 1649 1855 (thing to do since Susan will want to know how Bill and James' plans would affect the timing and activities of) SB
231 1699 469 (James' visit to Idaho Creek.) SB
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1703 2976 478 (Chapter 3: Electronic Mail) SB
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231 334 289 (In Summary:) SB
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231 448 1192 (The following page summarizes all of these points of e-mail etiquette.) SB
231 548 1600 (The page after the e-mail etiquette summary gives examples of these do's and don'ts in action:) SB
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381 653 32 (o) SB
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456 649 1662 (Example 1 illustrates the intelligent and tasteful use of these rules of etiquette and style.  See how) SB
456 699 1663 (much more pleasant and easy to read it is than Example 2, which violates every rule that has been) SB
456 749 177 (suggested.) SB
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381 854 32 (o) SB
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456 850 1515 (Example 2 may seem extreme, but as everyone who has used the Internet can attest, such) SB
456 900 1708 (examples*do* occur!  Such an e-mail message is an embarrassment for the person sending it, and an) SB
456 950 670 (annoyance to the person\(s\) receiving it.) SB
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231 1208 860 (The Basic Principles of E-mail Etiquette) SB
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381 1422 149 (Be brief.) SB
381 1522 717 (Keep line lengths to less than 65 columns.) SB
381 1622 1052 (Use blank spaces between paragraphs to help the reader's eye.) SB
381 1722 563 (Use mixed upper and lower case.) SB
381 1822 903 (Use capitals AND special characters for *emphasis*!) SB
381 1922 963 (Keep your paragraphs short.  Fewer than 15 lines is best.) SB
381 2022 693 (Avoid control characters or special keys.) SB
381 2122 994 (Begin text with the real name of the person you're writing.) SB
381 2222 973 (If useful, include parts of mail to which you are replying.) SB
381 2322 857 (End the text of your message with your real name.) SB
381 2422 732 (If you use a "sig", keep it short and simple.) SB
381 2522 855 (Review what you've written BEFORE you send it.) SB
381 2622 1054 (Include the person's real name in the "TO:" line of the header.) SB
381 2722 886 (Use the "CC:" option if available and if appropriate.) SB
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1703 2976 478 (Chapter 3: Electronic Mail) SB
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231 287 1145 (Example 1: E-Mail Following Suggested Etiquette Guidelines) SB
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231 391 125 (Date:) SB
381 391 600 (Wed. 8 June 91 10:45 MST) SB
231 436 125 (From:) SB
381 436 975 (Bill Diaz <wt_diaz@hs.idacrk.idaho.edu>) SB
231 481 75 (To:) SB
381 481 1025 (Jim Allen <jt_allen@jrhs.lkside.wash.edu>) SB
231 526 75 (CC:) SB
381 526 1050 (Susan Allen <sr_allen@hs.idacrk.idaho.edu>) SB
231 572 200 (Subject:) SB
531 572 775 (Prospecting in Ponderosa Canyon) SB
231 667 100 (Jim,) SB
231 757 1875 (I'm *delighted* to hear you're visiting this summer! In your last letter to) SB
231 802 425 (Susan, you wrote:) SB
231 892 1525 (> When I'm there, do you think that geology teacher Bill Diaz) SB
231 937 1275 (> could take me prospecting again in the mountains?) SB
231 1027 1850 (Well, absolutely! I'd be glad to have you come along!  I've planned a trip) SB
231 1072 1825 (from July 24-27, if that fits with your plans.  Here's some things to get) SB
231 1117 650 (ahold of before you visit:) SB
381 1207 475 (a geological hammer) SB
381 1252 1025 (a good field guide for rocks and minerals) SB
381 1297 1000 (a *light* sleeping bag \(remember how HOT) SB
381 1342 1050 (you were in that down bag last summer? :-\)) SB
381 1387 725 (a sturdy pair of hiking boots) SB
381 1433 700 (a pair of plastic sunglasses) SB
231 1573 1775 (If you need advice on what to get, feel free to contact me!  Take care,) SB
231 1663 100 (Bill) SB
231 1753 425 (49 Pear Tree Lane) SB
231 1798 275 (Idaho Creek) SB
231 1843 125 (Idaho) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1938 1129 (Example 2: E-Mail Violating Suggested Etiquette Guidelines) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 33 /Courier /font0 ANSIFont font
231 2087 825 (Date:    Wed. 8 June 91 10:45 MST) SB
231 2132 900 (From:    wt_diaz@hs.idacrk.idaho.edu) SB
231 2177 950 (To:      jt_allen@jrhs.lkside.wash.edu) SB
231 2222 1675 (I'm delEted to hear that you're visiting us in Idaho Creek again th) SB
231 2267 1675 (r!  I'd be happy to have you come pospecting.  I've already planned) SB
231 2312 1675 ( a m July 24-27. Here's some things you should prbably bring along:) SB
231 2357 1675 (^Z logical hammer, a g   od field guide f     rocks and minerals, a) SB
231 2402 1650 (     light sleep if    king boots, and     sunglasses with plastic) SB
231 2447 1650 (    boots would be    Free to MAil ba     ser-id. Here's my sig!/-) SB
231 2492 1675 (^  ^           /  \\    /\\       /\\  \\  |  /  /'tis a gift to be sim) SB
231 2537 1675 (    ^ _       /----\\  /  \\     /  \\  \\ | /  /'tis a gift to be free) SB
231 2582 1600 (     / \\     / /\\/\\ \\/----\\   /----\\  \\ /  /+-------------------) SB
231 2627 1600 (    /   \\   /"home is\\       /      \\  O  /    |__   o    |    |) SB
231 2672 1600 (   /     \\ / where the\\              \\   /     |  \\  |    |    |) SB
231 2717 1625 (  /       \\heart is"   \\                       |__/ _|_  _|_  _|_) SB
231 2762 1625 (tel: \(208\) 999-1234 \(home\) 999-4321 \(woodshed\) 999-3456 \(car fax\)) SB
231 2807 1625 (user-ids:  dt_diaz@hs.idacrk.idaho.edu \(INTERNET\) dt_diaz@idacrkh) SB
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1703 2976 478 (Chapter 3: Electronic Mail) SB
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231 334 1003 (For More Information About E-Mail Etiquette) SB
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231 448 1478 (Most of the principles discussed in this chapter are derived from the following sources:) SB
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231 548 339 (Published Articles) SB
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231 652 1923 (Quarterman, J. S. 1989.  "Etiquette and Ethics", ConneXions--The Interoperability Report 3\(4\):12-16.  Advanced) SB
231 702 817 (Computing Environments, Mountain View, CA.) SB
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231 802 356 (Online Information) SB
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231 906 1485 (The following articles are "periodic postings" which appear in the USENET newsgroup) SB
231 956 1919 ("news.announce.newusers".  Although they are aimed specifically at USENET users, many of the principles they) SB
231 1006 1878 (espouse are relevant to all electronic mail communication.  For more information on how to use USENET, see) SB
231 1056 717 (Chapter x of NUSIRG, "Using USENET.") SB
231 1156 1287 (Offutt, A.J., and G. Spafford  1991.  "Hints on Writing Style for USENET.") SB
231 1256 1933 (Templeton, B., and G. Spafford.  1991.  "Emily Postnews Answers Your Questions on Netiquette."  \(A tongue-in-) SB
231 1306 1804 (cheek, very funny, but very informative essay on what not to do in electronic mail, especially in USENET) SB
231 1356 165 (postings\).) SB
231 1456 1762 (Von Rospach, C. and G. Spafford.  1991.  "A Primer on How to Work With the USENET Community.") SB
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1703 2976 478 (Chapter 3: Electronic Mail) SB
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231 334 33 (E) SB
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264 344 244 (LECTRONIC ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
508 334 42 (M) SB
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550 344 75 (AIL ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
625 334 39 (G) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
664 344 201 (ATEWAYS) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
865 334 64 (: S) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
929 344 167 (ENDING ) SB
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1096 334 42 (M) SB
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1138 344 75 (AIL ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
1213 334 36 (B) SB
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1249 344 154 (EYOND ) SB
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1403 334 31 (T) SB
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1434 344 67 (HE ) SB
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1501 334 14 (I) SB
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1515 344 189 (NTERNET) SB
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231 492 804 (What Are Electronic Mail Gateways?) SB
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231 606 1939 (Mail gateways are computers which allow mail and other messages to be transmitted between networks which use) SB
231 656 1016 (different methods of addressing and packaging information.) SB
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231 803 667 (Why Are Gateways Necessary?) SB
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231 917 1939 (Many computer networks are not part of the Internet, and do not use the Internet Protocols \(IP\).  Recall that if you) SB
231 967 1759 (want to send an e-mail message anywhere in the Internet you would use the standard IP address format:) SB
381 1067 557 (user-id@an.Internet.host.address) SB
231 1167 1102 (But many networks use very different formats for their addresses) SB
1333 1167 837 (.  As an extreme, here's an example of an address) SB
231 1217 811 (in SprintMail, which is not an Internet network:) SB
381 1317 580 ([user/organization]system/country) SB
231 1417 1878 (Internet mailers cannot read this address, because it contains information and symbols which are not part of an) SB
231 1467 1820 (Internet address.  \(Much like your postman might have trouble delivering a letter with an Internet address!\)) SB
231 1517 1797 (Furthermore, the actual way in which mail messages are packaged in other networks may be considerably) SB
231 1567 157 (different.) SB
231 1667 1876 (Mail gateways are able to resolve differences in both addressing and packaging when transmitting information) SB
231 1717 317 (between networks.) SB
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231 1864 957 (How Do You Use Electronic Mail Gateways?) SB
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231 1978 1453 (You need to know four things to send mail to users and computers on other networks:) SB
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381 2083 32 (o) SB
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456 2079 1250 (The addressing convention of the network to which you are sending mail;) SB
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381 2184 32 (o) SB
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456 2180 1548 (How to "package" the address information for the other network in a way that it will not be) SB
456 2230 1046 (inadvertently modified on its way to the intended destination;) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2335 32 (o) SB
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456 2331 1111 (The address of the appropriate gateway computer, and, of course,) SB
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381 2436 32 (o) SB
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456 2432 1237 (The address information of the person or computer on the other network.) SB
231 2532 1822 (All of the information you need to answer questions 1-3 for many of the more commonly used non-Internet) SB
231 2582 549 (networks is provided in Table 1.) SB
231 2682 1793 (The basic strategy used by mail gateways from the Internet to other networks is to put the other network's) SB
231 2732 1831 (addressing information in the "user-id" field of the Internet DNS address.  It is also necessary to provide the) SB
231 2782 865 (Internet address of the appropriate e-mail gateway.) SB
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1703 2976 478 (Chapter 3: Electronic Mail) SB
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231 287 1917 (For example, suppose you want to send an e-mail message to a user who has an account on a BITNET host.  The) SB
231 337 1326 (typical user-id and e-mail address within the BITNET network looks like this:) SB
381 437 269 (bituser@bithost) SB
231 537 1913 (To send an e-mail message to our friend "bituser" from a computer in the Internet, we need to include their user-) SB
231 587 1840 (id, their particular BITNET host's name, and the Internet address of an Internet-BITNET gateway \(gateways) SB
231 637 1129 (between the Internet and BITNET are often referred to as "Interbit) SB
1360 637 199 (" gateways\)) SB
231 737 900 (Here's a general example of how this would be done:) SB
381 837 444 (1.  Their BITNET address) SB
456 937 269 (bituser@bithost) SB
381 1037 1071 (2.  The address required for forwarding by an Interbit gateway:) SB
456 1137 908 (bituser%bithost.bitnet@An.Interbit.Gateway.Address) SB
231 1237 1950 (where "An.Interbit.Gateway.Address" is one of the several computers which are connected to both the Internet and) SB
231 1287 1504 (to BITNET, and whose administrators have agreed to provide Interbit gateway services..) SB
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231 1434 794 (How to Use the Mail Gateways Table) SB
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231 1548 1747 (As the previous example demonstrates, you need to know the Internet addresses of gateways which are) SB
231 1598 1912 (appropriate for sending e-mail to users on non-Internet networks.  The "Table of Mail Gateways from Internet to) SB
231 1648 1805 (Other Networks" \(below\) provides this information for some of the many networks to which Internet users) SB
231 1698 393 (frequently send e-mail.) SB
231 1798 1123 (In order to learn how to use this table, work through this example.) SB
231 1898 1918 (Suppose you wanted to send an e-mail message to a friend who has an account on the FidoNet network.  They've) SB
231 1948 906 (told you that their FidoNet addressing information is:) SB
381 2048 493 (Kelley Meithisson at 3:56/67) SB
231 2148 1849 (Look in the first column to find Fidonet.  Read across to the line labelled "1\)."  This shows a typical FidoNet) SB
231 2198 1892 (userid and address, which corresponds to your friend Kelley's address information above.  Now look at the next) SB
231 2248 1934 (line, labelled "2.".  This shows how Kelley's FidoNet address should be translated by an Internet user so that an e-) SB
231 2298 1939 (mail message will be successfully sent to a FidoNet user.  According to line 2, Kelley's FidoNet address should be) SB
231 2348 221 (translated to:) SB
381 2448 729 (Kelley.Meithisson@f67.n56.z3.fidonet.org) SB
231 2548 1833 (This address is now acceptable to mailers which conform to the Internet standards, and once it arrives at the) SB
231 2598 1847 (Internet--Fidonet gateway, it will be translated to a FidoNet address format and delivered within the FidoNet) SB
231 2648 317 (network to Kelley.) SB
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231 334 1260 (Table Of Mail Gateways From Internet to Other Networks) SB
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231 448 147 (Network) SB
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531 448 776 (1\) addressing syntax within the other network) SB
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531 498 809 (2\) addressing syntax for mail sent from Internet) SB
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231 651 169 (Applelink) SB
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gs 1499 50 509 648 CB
531 651 163 (1\) user-id) SB
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gs 1499 100 509 698 CB
531 701 547 (2\) user-id@applelink.apple.com) SB
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gs 300 50 208 798 CB
231 801 150 (BITNET) SB
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gs 1499 50 509 798 CB
531 801 261 (1\) user-id@site) SB
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gs 1499 100 509 848 CB
531 851 369 (2\) user-id@site.bitnet) SB
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gs 1499 100 509 948 CB
531 951 923 (OR user-id%site.bitnet@An.Interbit.Gateway.Address) SB
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gs 1499 100 509 1048 CB
531 1051 110 (Notes:) SB
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gs 1499 50 509 1148 CB
531 1151 1330 (At many Internet sites, you can address mail to BITNET users with the simple) SB
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gs 1499 50 509 1198 CB
531 1201 1373 ("user-id@site.bitnet".  If this doesn't work, try the following syntax to use one of) SB
gr
gs 1499 100 509 1248 CB
531 1251 553 (the Internet--BITNET gateways:) SB
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gs 1499 100 509 1348 CB
531 1351 854 (user-id%site.bitnet@An.Interbit.Gateway.Address) SB
gr
gs 1499 100 509 1448 CB
531 1451 1112 (where "An.Interbit.Gateway.Address" is anyone of the following:) SB
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gs 899 50 509 1548 CB
531 1551 603 (CORNELLC.CIT.CORNELL.EDU) SB
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gs 599 50 1409 1548 CB
1431 1551 316 (Cornell University) SB
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gs 899 50 509 1598 CB
531 1601 411 (CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU) SB
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gs 599 50 1409 1598 CB
1431 1601 412 (City Univ. of New York) SB
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1431 1651 110 (M.I.T.) SB
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231 1751 220 (CompuServe) SB
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531 1751 225 (1\) 7xxxx,yyy) SB
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531 1801 552 (2\) 7xxxx.yyy@compuserve.com) SB
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231 1901 173 (EASYnet/) SB
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231 1951 136 (DECnet) SB
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531 1951 272 (1\) user-id@host) SB
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531 2001 508 (2\) user-id@host.enet.dec.com) SB
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231 2101 101 (ESnet) SB
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531 2101 272 (1\) user-id@host) SB
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531 2151 491 (2\) user-id@lbl.dnet.nasa.gov) SB
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231 2251 138 (FidoNet) SB
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531 2251 531 (1\) Firstname Lastname at 1:2/3) SB
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531 2301 767 (2\) Firstname.Lastname@f3.n2.z1.fidonet.org) SB
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231 2401 128 (JANET) SB
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531 2401 625 (1\) user-id@A.Janet.Domain.Address) SB
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531 2451 964 (2\) user-id%A.Janet.Domain.Address@nsfnet-relay.ac.uk) SB
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231 2551 79 (MCI) SB
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531 2551 1276 (1\) FirstName LastName \(123-4567\), where 123-4567 is an MCI phone id #) SB
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531 2601 470 (2\) 123-4567@mcimail.com) SB
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231 2701 112 (PSInet) SB
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531 2701 272 (1\) user-id@host) SB
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531 2751 493 (2\) user-id%host@uu.psi.com) SB
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231 2851 87 (Sinet) SB
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531 2851 269 (1\) node::user-id) SB
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1703 2976 478 (Chapter 3: Electronic Mail) SB
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231 1334 1114 (For More Information on Electronic Mail Gateways) SB
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231 1448 1550 (A good online source of information about gateways from the Internet to other networks is:) SB
231 1548 1711 ("The Inter-Network Mail Guide," by John Chew, which is available from the following FTP archive:) SB
381 1648 174 (FTP Host:) SB
681 1648 243 (ra.msstate.edu) SB
381 1698 165 (directory:) SB
681 1698 211 (ftp/pub/docs) SB
381 1748 69 (file:) SB
681 1748 414 (internetwork-mail-guide) SB
231 1848 1094 (\(For information on how to use FTP, see chapter 4 of NUSIRG.\)) SB
231 1948 1530 (Chew's document is also posted periodically to the following USENET discussion groups:) SB
381 2048 272 (comp.mail.misc) SB
381 2098 407 (new.newusers.questions) SB
231 2198 1904 (\(Please see Chapter 7 of NUSIRG for more information on using USENET.\) and is available from the following) SB
231 2248 271 (LISTSERV list:) SB
381 2348 88 (mail:) SB
681 2348 734 (listserv%unmvm.bitnet@cunyvm.cuny.edu) SB
381 2398 132 (subject:) SB
681 2398 285 (\(none necessary\)) SB
381 2448 155 (message:) SB
681 2448 306 (get network guide) SB
231 2548 1199 (For information on how to use LISTSERV, see Chapter 8 of NUSIRG.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 2695 606 (Printed Books On Gateways) SB
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231 2809 1909 (The following three reference books are invaluable resources for understanding the intricacies of electronic mail) SB
231 2859 1309 (gateways, specifically, and intercommunication between networks generally:) SB
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1703 2976 478 (Chapter 3: Electronic Mail) SB
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231 287 1870 (Frey, D., and R. Adams.  1989.  "!%@:: A Guide to Electronic Mail Networks and Addressing. " O'Reilly and) SB
231 337 791 (Associates, 981 Chestnut Street, Netwon, MA.) SB
231 437 1580 (LaQuey, T.L.  1989.  "User's Directory of Computer Networks." Digital Press, Bedford, MA.) SB
231 537 1942 (Quarterman, J. S.  1990. " The Matrix: Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems Worldwide". Digital Press,) SB
231 587 238 (Bedford, MA.) SB
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1703 2976 478 (Chapter 3: Electronic Mail) SB
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823 389 765 (Chapter 4: Using FTP) SB
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231 626 47 (W) SB
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278 636 142 (HAT IS ) SB
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420 626 126 (FTP?) SB
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231 737 1855 (FTP means "File Transfer Protocol."  The purpose of FTP is to allow quick and easy transfer of files between) SB
231 787 620 (computers connected to the Internet.) SB
231 887 1948 (There are two kinds of FTP access: "anonymous FTP," and what we'll refer to as "full service FTP."  We'll start by) SB
231 937 672 (explaining how to use anonymous FTP.) SB
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231 1084 36 (A) SB
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267 1094 247 (NONYMOUS ) SB
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514 1084 109 (FTP ) SB
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623 1094 98 (AND ) SB
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721 1084 145 (FTP A) SB
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866 1094 179 (RCHIVES) SB
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231 1195 1940 ("Anonymous FTP" allows anyone on the Internet to access computers which contain "file archives."  File archives) SB
231 1245 649 (on hundreds of anonymous FTP hosts ) SB
880 1245 505 (throughout the world contain:) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1350 32 (o) SB
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456 1346 571 (text files \(such as this document\),) SB
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381 1401 32 (o) SB
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456 1397 1011 (computer software for personal computers and mainframes,) SB
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381 1452 32 (o) SB
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456 1448 325 (computer graphics,) SB
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381 1503 32 (o) SB
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456 1499 1134 (archives of scientific, sociological, historical or other sorts of data,) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1554 32 (o) SB
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456 1550 712 (archives of on-line discussion groups, and) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1605 32 (o) SB
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456 1601 1140 (and any other kind of information that can be stored in a computer.) SB
231 1701 1755 ("Anonymous FTP hosts" are accessible to all Internet users who have FTP installed on their computers.) SB
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1776 2976 405 (Chapter 4: Using FTP) SB
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231 334 36 (H) SB
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267 344 80 (OW ) SB
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347 334 14 (I) SB
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361 344 330 (NFORMATION IS ) SB
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691 334 36 (A) SB
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727 344 265 (RRANGED IN ) SB
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992 334 145 (FTP H) SB
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1137 344 109 (OSTS) SB
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231 445 1619 (If you're not familiar with the concept of directories, please read this section before continuing.) SB
231 545 1756 (The information in most FTP hosts is arranged in a hierarchical file system. a branching system usually) SB
231 595 623 (diagrammed as an upside-down tree.) SB
231 695 845 (The "root" of this tree is the "root FTP directory,") SB
1076 695 1087 ( which is where you start when you enter an FTP host.  You can) SB
231 745 1217 (think of the subdirectories as branches, and files as the tips of branches.) SB
231 845 1823 (Here's a diagram of the part of the directory structure of the FTP host, ftphost.nwnet.net, which leads to the) SB
231 895 963 (directories and files we'll be dealing with in this chapter.) SB
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231 1147 900 (                             ftproot) SB
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231 1192 900 (                             /     \\) SB
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231 1237 925 (                            /       \\) SB
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231 1282 950 (                           /         \\) SB
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231 1327 1350 (                          /          pub \(& many files) SB
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231 1372 1375 (                         /                  directories) SB
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231 1417 1400 (                       nic                    not shown\)) SB
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231 1462 650 (                       / \\) SB
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231 1507 975 (                      /   \(many files &) SB
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231 1552 975 (                     /      directories) SB
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231 1597 1000 (                  nwnet       not shown\)) SB
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231 1642 550 (                   / \\) SB
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231 1687 875 (                  /   \(many files &) SB
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231 1732 875 (                 /      directories) SB
2 44 218 1729 B
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2 44 2191 1729 B
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231 1777 925 (           learnftp        not shown\)) SB
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231 1822 425 (              /|\\) SB
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231 1867 450 (             / | \\) SB
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231 1912 475 (            /  |  \\) SB
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231 1957 500 (           /   |   \\) SB
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231 2002 525 (          /    |    \\) SB
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231 2047 625 (      file1  file2   more) SB
2 44 218 2044 B
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231 2092 825 (                      directories) SB
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231 2290 1809 (Keep this image of an upside down tree in mind whenever you use FTP hosts, and navigating through FTP) SB
231 2340 713 (directories should be much easier for you.) SB
231 2440 1901 (Each directory has a name which describes what it contains.  In this example,  "nic" is for "network information) SB
231 2490 894 (center," "nwnet" is for "NorthWestNet" and so forth.) SB
231 2590 1852 (Another way of looking at this system is to think of directories as the electronic equivalent of manila folders,) SB
231 2640 1317 (which can hold individual documents \(files\), or even other folders, and so on.) SB
231 2740 1830 (For example, you might have a folder in your desk called "Letters." Inside this folder, you might have other) SB
231 2790 1862 (folders labelled "Amie," "Doug," and "Kristine," holding letters to and from these friends.  Inside the Kristine) SB
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1776 2976 405 (Chapter 4: Using FTP) SB
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231 287 1916 (folder, you might also have another folder named "Mexico, 1990," which would hold those letters Kristine wrote) SB
231 337 558 (to you during her trip to Mexico.) SB
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231 484 36 (U) SB
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267 494 109 (SING ) SB
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376 484 36 (A) SB
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412 494 247 (NONYMOUS ) SB
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659 484 95 (FTP) SB
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231 642 342 (Getting started:) SB
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231 756 1856 (On most mainframes, workstations, and many personal computers, you should be able to start an FTP session) SB
231 806 390 (simply by typing "ftp.") SB
231 906 1791 (However, if you are using a computer which uses "pull down menus," such as the Apple Macintosh, DOS) SB
231 956 1716 (machines running Windows, and some workstations, you might have to start FTP by clicking an icon) SB
1947 956 212 (.  Look for a) SB
231 1006 1873 (file called NCSA Telnet, Mac TCP/IP, or any application file which contains the letters TELNET, TCP, IP, or) SB
231 1056 1896 (FTP.  Once you've launched FTP from a menu driven application, you should be able to follow the examples as) SB
231 1106 1858 (they are written, but you might also have the option of automating much of your session with special features) SB
231 1156 261 (from the menu.) SB
231 1256 1854 (The following example will demonstrate and explain the steps you'll need for most anonymous FTP sessions.) SB
231 1306 989 (Everything you should type is printed in lower case letters) SB
1220 1306 11 (.) SB
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231 1403 390 (What you want to do:) SB
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1281 1403 278 (What you type:) SB
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231 1507 438 (1\) Start the FTP program:) SB
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1281 1507 47 (ftp) SB
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231 1607 377 (2\) Select an FTP host:) SB
gr
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1281 1607 387 (open ftphost.nwnet.net) SB
gr
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231 1707 329 (3\) Identify yourself) SB
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381 1757 445 (type your FTP login name) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1259 1754 CB
1281 1757 355 (anonymous \(usually\)) SB
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381 1807 413 (type your FTP password) SB
gr
gs 1050 100 208 1904 CB
231 1907 570 (4\) Move to the /learnftp directory) SB
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gs 749 100 1259 1904 CB
1281 1907 362 (cd nic/nwnet/learnftp) SB
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231 2007 743 (5\) List the contents of the learnftp directory) SB
gr
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1281 2007 160 (dir \(or ls\)) SB
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231 2107 799 (6\) Copy the file "readme.ftp" to your computer) SB
gr
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1281 2107 246 (get readme.ftp) SB
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gs 1050 50 208 2204 CB
231 2207 407 (7\) Explore the FTP host) SB
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gs 749 50 1259 2204 CB
1281 2207 518 (cd directory-name \(go DOWN) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1259 2254 CB
1281 2257 316 (tree to a directory\)) SB
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gs 749 50 1259 2304 CB
1281 2307 586 (cdup  \(to go UP the tree one level\)) SB
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gs 749 50 1259 2354 CB
1281 2357 362 (pwd   \(Print Working) SB
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gs 749 50 1259 2404 CB
1281 2407 303 (Directory's name\)) SB
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gs 749 100 1259 2454 CB
1281 2457 437 (dir   \(directory's contents\)) SB
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231 2557 387 (8\) Quit an FTP session) SB
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1281 2557 320 (quit  \(use anytime\)) SB
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231 2757 1945 (Feel free to explore!  But be careful.  You may be surprised to find just how much material you can copy in a very) SB
231 2807 182 (short time.) SB
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1776 2976 405 (Chapter 4: Using FTP) SB
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231 287 628 (Commonly Used FTP Commands) SB
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381 388 188 (Command) SB
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831 388 340 (Meaning or Action) SB
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381 542 47 (ftp) SB
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831 542 339 (start an FTP session) SB
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381 592 92 (name) SB
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831 592 540 (identify yourself to an FTP host) SB
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381 642 158 (password) SB
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831 642 87 (same) SB
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381 692 205 (cd \(& cdup\)) SB
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gs 1049 50 809 689 CB
831 692 567 (change directories down \(and up\)) SB
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gs 449 50 359 739 CB
381 742 160 (dir \(or ls\)) SB
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gs 1049 50 809 739 CB
831 742 507 (list the contents of a directory) SB
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gs 449 50 359 789 CB
381 792 78 (ascii) SB
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gs 1049 50 809 789 CB
831 792 464 (prepare FTP for a text-only) SB
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gs 1049 50 809 839 CB
831 842 129 (transfer) SB
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381 892 108 (binary) SB
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831 892 487 (prepare FTP for a binary file) SB
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gs 1049 50 809 939 CB
831 942 129 (transfer) SB
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381 992 52 (get) SB
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gs 1049 50 809 989 CB
831 992 569 (copy a file from FTP host to your) SB
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gs 1049 50 809 1039 CB
831 1042 160 (computer) SB
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381 1092 66 (quit) SB
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831 1092 364 (end your FTP session) SB
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231 1289 962 (A Short List of Particularly Good FTP Hosts) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1403 1876 (There are thousands of Anonymous FTP sites around the world.  The "For More Information" section tells you) SB
231 1453 1866 (how to obtain a large list of such sites.  In the meantime, here are examples of some generally useful and well) SB
231 1503 1535 (organized FTP hosts in the United States so you can start exploring right away.  Have fun!) SB
gs 899 50 359 1600 CB
381 1603 310 (ames.arc.nasa.gov) SB
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1281 1603 271 (genbank.bio.net) SB
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381 1653 433 (archive.cis.ohio-state.edu) SB
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1281 1653 385 (grape.ecs.clarkson.edu) SB
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381 1703 321 (belch.berkeley.edu) SB
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1281 1703 182 (ics.uci.edu) SB
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381 1753 243 (cs.arizona.edu) SB
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1281 1753 345 (pit-manager.mit.edu) SB
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381 1803 306 (export.lcs.mit.edu) SB
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1281 1803 316 (scam.berkeley.edu) SB
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381 1853 298 (ftp.cs.toronto.edu) SB
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1281 1853 149 (ucsd.edu) SB
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381 1903 312 (ftp.cs.widener.edu) SB
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1281 1903 186 (uu.psi.com) SB
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381 1953 163 (ftp.uu.net) SB
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1281 1953 284 (uxc.cso.uiuc.edu) SB
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381 2003 338 (gatekeeper.dec.com) SB
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1281 2003 350 (wuarchive.wustl.edu) SB
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231 2150 1011 (An Expanded Sample Anonymous FTP Session) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2264 1887 (Here's a more expanded version of this one page summary, which describes an FTP session, step by step.  Note) SB
231 2314 1908 (that after typing a command, you should press the RETURN or the ENTER key \(whichever works\) to send what) SB
231 2364 1776 (you've typed to the FTP host.  If you're feeling adventurous, try one of the FTP hosts above and do some) SB
231 2414 176 (exploring!) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2514 773 (Step 1.  Starting FTP  \(the 'ftp' command\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2618 847 (Type ftp \(or launch FTP from a pull down menu\):) SB
381 2718 47 (ftp) SB
231 2818 1546 (You should now see the FTP prompt, which will be with you throughout your FTP session:) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1776 2976 405 (Chapter 4: Using FTP) SB
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381 287 96 (FTP>) SB
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231 387 1281 (Step 2.  Opening a Connection to an FTP Host  \(the 'open' command\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 491 1897 (To establish a connection to an FTP host, just type "open" followed by the full Internet address of the FTP host.) SB
231 541 1233 (In this example, we'll use the NorthWestNet FTP host to get you started:) SB
381 641 494 (FTP> open ftphost.nwnet.net) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 741 1222 (Step 3.  Identifying Yourself to the FTP Host  \(name & password\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 845 529 (Supply a user-id and password.) SB
231 945 1895 (The user-id is usually "anonymous".  Almost all FTP sites will accept the word "guest", but sometimes you will) SB
231 995 1904 (see a message, like this one, that asks for "your ident" or "your real ident".  In such cases, the FTP administrator) SB
231 1045 1363 (would like you to type in "your-user-id@your.internet.address" as the password:) SB
381 1145 935 (FTP> NAME \(FTPHOST.NWNET.NET:\): anonymous) SB
381 1195 997 (FTP> Guest login ok, send ident as password: your-user-id) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1295 921 (Step 4.  Changing Directories  \(the 'cd' command\)) SB
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231 1399 1869 (You are now ready to locate the files you want to copy.  We've set up a special directory in the NorthWestNet) SB
231 1449 1179 (FTP host to teach you how to use FTP.  To get to this directory, type:) SB
381 1549 469 (FTP> cd nic/nwnet/learnftp) SB
231 1649 1883 ('nic' means 'Network Information Center'; the meanings of the rest of the directory names should be apparent...) SB
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231 1749 993 (Step 5.  Listing the Contents of a Directory  \(dir & ls\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1853 1882 (Now ask ftphost.nwnet.net for a listing of the contents of the "learnftp" directory.  Most FTP software supports) SB
231 1903 1223 (two commands to display listings of a directory's contents--you can use:) SB
381 2003 28 (ls) SB
456 2003 580 (display a simple listing of files, or) SB
381 2053 47 (dir) SB
456 2053 891 (display a list of files including directory information) SB
231 2153 1910 (Here's a comparison of the listing of the learning directory provided by '"ls" and "dir'" \(Don't forget that the FTP) SB
231 2203 1797 (host will print out other messages as well.  We just want you to concentrate on the listings of the files and) SB
231 2253 484 (directories as shown below.\)) SB
381 2353 135 (FTP> ls) SB
381 2453 183 (readme.ftp) SB
381 2503 286 (compressed-files) SB
381 2553 185 (explore.ftp) SB
381 2603 236 (ftphost.list.txt) SB
381 2653 217 (ftphost.list.Z) SB
231 2753 154 (FTP> dir) SB
32 0 0 33 33 0 0 26 /Courier /font0 ANSIFont font
231 2869 200 (-rw-r--r--) SB
531 2869 140 (1 20080) SB
831 2869 100 (staff) SB
1131 2869 80 (4532) SB
1281 2869 240 ( Oct 22 2:01) SB
1731 2869 200 (README.ftp) SB
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1776 2976 405 (Chapter 4: Using FTP) SB
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231 303 200 (drwxr-xr-x) SB
531 303 100 (1 bin) SB
831 303 120 (system) SB
1131 303 60 (512) SB
1281 303 140 ( Oct 22) SB
1431 303 100 ( 9:17) SB
1731 303 320 (compressed-files) SB
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231 348 200 (-rw-r--r--) SB
531 348 140 (1 20080) SB
831 348 100 (staff) SB
1131 348 80 (5365) SB
1281 348 240 ( Oct 23 4:02) SB
1731 348 220 (explore.ftp) SB
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531 393 140 (1 20080) SB
831 393 100 (staff) SB
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1281 393 140 ( Oct 23) SB
1431 393 100 ( 1:03) SB
1731 393 320 (ftphost.list.txt) SB
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1281 439 240 ( Oct 22 9:14) SB
1731 439 280 (ftphost.list.Z) SB
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231 532 1903 (Using "ls" gave a quick and simple list of the contents of the directory.  Using "dir" provided considerably more) SB
231 582 1721 (information.  Most importantly for our purposes right now, the command 'dir' allows us to determine:) SB
231 682 1918 (a.  Whether the entry is a file or a directory \(in column 1, '-' means file, 'd' means directory\), you cannot use FTP) SB
231 732 478 (to get directories, only files.) SB
231 832 1909 (b.  The size of the file in bytes \(the column before the months\).  You should make sure the files you are about to) SB
231 882 616 (copy will fit in your local computer.) SB
231 982 1927 (c.  The date and time of creation of the file or directory.  This information is useful if you know that a certain file) SB
231 1032 1217 (is in several FTP hosts, and you want to try to get the most recent copy.) SB
231 1132 1851 (d.  The last part\(s\) of a file's name often gives some indication about what format the file is stored in.  In this) SB
231 1182 1806 (directory, there are different versions of the file 'ftphost.list' which contain the same information, stored in) SB
231 1232 1758 (different formats.  The file 'ftphost.list.txt' is a text only file, the file 'ftphost.list.Z' is a compressed file.) SB
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231 1332 538 (Step 6.  Copying a File  \(get\)) SB
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231 1436 1926 (The file "README.ftp" is a standard, text only file, so set your FTP session to ASCII mode, and then use the get) SB
231 1486 1414 (command to copy the file to your local computer.  \(Note that we type the filename ) SB
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1645 1483 204 (EXACTLY) SB
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1849 1486 233 ( as it appears:) SB
231 1537 773 (upper case for README, lower case for ftp.\)) SB
381 1637 185 (FTP> ascii) SB
381 1687 608 (FTP> get README.ftp readthis.ftp) SB
231 1787 1929 (The file "readme.ftp" has now been copied to your computer, and has been put into your computer as a file called) SB
231 1837 996 ("readthis.ftp" in the directory from which you started FTP.) SB
231 1937 1946 (When copying a file from an FTP archive, you have the option of providing a new name for your local copy of the) SB
231 1987 1890 (file.  Although files stored in FTP archives usually have informative and easy to use names, you will inevitably) SB
231 2037 1927 (encounter some extremes.  Some FTP archive maintainers prefer cryptic filenames \(e.g., a file could be called "t") SB
231 2087 1891 (in one FTP archive, while other FTP archive maintainers go to an expository extreme and store the same file as) SB
231 2137 1318 ("Before-You-Copy-This-GECKO-GRAF.doc-file-be-sure-you-fed-your-cat".\)) SB
231 2237 1925 (Strive to create concise and meaningful names for files you've FTP'd.  If your computer's operating system uses a) SB
231 2287 1722 (hierarchical file system \(with directories\), thoughtful organization and naming of directories can help) SB
231 2337 1815 (tremendously by providing positional information \(e.g., you could store the above file in the directory path) SB
231 2387 593 ("cat/fed" as file "GeckoGraf.doc"\).) SB
231 2487 1850 (Of course, you must be aware of the file naming conventions used by your computer's operating system.  For) SB
231 2537 1341 (example, IBM PC's running DOS require filenames to fit the following format:) SB
381 2637 254 (A:filename.ext) SB
231 2737 1871 (where "A" indicates a disk drive, "filename" is a name no longer than eight characters in length, and "ext" is a) SB
231 2787 1504 (filename extension no more than three characters long. For example, the FTP command:) SB
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1776 2976 405 (Chapter 4: Using FTP) SB
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381 287 523 (get ftphost.list.txt A:ftplist.doc) SB
231 387 1948 (would result in a file on your "A disk drive" with an orthodox DOS name.  Other operating systems, such as UNIX) SB
231 437 1940 (and Macintosh OS are less restrictive about filename lengths, but may still prohibit the use of certain characters in) SB
231 487 176 (filenames.) SB
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231 587 949 (Step 7.  Exploring an FTPhost  \(cd, cdup, dir, pwd\)) SB
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231 691 1847 (If you followed the instructions up to this point, you should currently be in the 'learnftp' directory, within the) SB
231 741 1456 ('nwnet' directory, within the 'nic' directory. A much easier way of representing this is:) SB
381 841 323 (/nic/nwnet/learnftp) SB
231 941 1850 (You can type "cdup" or "cd .." to go back one directory, and then "pwd" to print your current directory \(Print) SB
231 991 349 (Working Directory\):) SB
381 1091 189 (FTP> cdup) SB
381 1141 179 (FTP> pwd) SB
231 1241 513 (current directory is /nic/nwnet) SB
231 1341 1939 (You can then type dir to see what's in the "nwnet" directory.  If you want to go into a directory within the "nwnet") SB
231 1391 351 (directory, you'd type) SB
381 1491 417 (FTP> cd directory-name) SB
231 1591 1229 (or if you wanted to go back another step in the directory, you could type) SB
381 1691 189 (FTP> cdup) SB
381 1741 179 (FTP> pwd) SB
231 1841 398 (current directory is /nic) SB
231 1941 1920 (Of course, if you find something you want to copy, you would use the get command, just as described previously) SB
231 1991 162 (in Step 6.) SB
231 2091 1947 (With these four commands--cd, cdup, dir, and pwd--you can explore the contents of this and any other FTP host in) SB
231 2141 172 (the world.) SB
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231 2241 586 (Step 8.  Ending an FTP Session) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2345 161 (Just type:) SB
381 2445 173 (FTP> quit) SB
231 2545 1060 (and you should be back in a normal session on your computer.) SB
231 2645 1914 (Depending upon the particular version of FTP you are running, you may be able to take shortcuts here and there.) SB
231 2695 1947 (There are also many messages which the FTP host will send to your screen, but for the sake of simplicity, we have) SB
231 2745 846 (only included the most important in this example.) SB
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1776 2976 405 (Chapter 4: Using FTP) SB
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231 334 31 (F) SB
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262 344 88 (ULL ) SB
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350 334 33 (S) SB
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383 344 161 (ERVICE ) SB
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544 334 95 (FTP) SB
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231 445 1932 (If you have computer accounts on two or more computers on the Internet, "full service" FTP makes it possible for) SB
231 495 1014 (you to move files from one of your accounts to the other\(s\).) SB
231 595 1807 (With full service FTP, you can put files into an account, and remove files or directories from that account.) SB
231 695 740 (Here's an example full service FTP session:) SB
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231 795 391 (Step 1.  START FTP) SB
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231 899 219 (Just type: ftp) SB
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231 999 1403 (Step 2.  NAME A COMPUTER ON WHICH YOU HAVE AN ACCOUNT) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1103 1556 (Type "open" followed by the Internet address of a computer on which you have an account:) SB
381 1203 879 (FTP> open YOUR.HOSTS.INTERNET.ADDRESS) SB
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231 1303 1019 (Step 3.  SUPPLY YOUR USERID AND PASSWORD) SB
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231 1407 807 (Name \(your.host.internet.address\): your-user-id) SB
231 1457 691 (Password required for YOUR-USER-ID.) SB
231 1507 499 (PASSWORD: your-password) SB
231 1557 642 (230 User YOUR-USER-ID logged in.) SB
381 1657 399 (FTP> delete dead.letter) SB
231 1757 555 (250 DELE command successful.) SB
381 1857 173 (FTP> quit) SB
231 1957 239 (221 Goodbye.) SB
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1776 2976 405 (Chapter 4: Using FTP) SB
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32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 334 446 (Getting Help In FTP) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 448 1847 (Whenever you are using FTP, you can type help to get a list of all the commands which are available to you.) SB
231 498 1228 (Here's an example of the help listing given by a typical UNIX FTP host:) SB
381 598 180 (FTP> help) SB
gs 360 50 208 695 CB
231 698 14 (!) SB
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591 698 33 (cr) SB
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951 698 28 (ls) SB
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1311 698 122 (prompt) SB
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1671 698 129 (runique) SB
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231 748 21 ($) SB
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591 748 102 (delete) SB
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1311 748 98 (proxy) SB
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1671 748 77 (send) SB
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231 798 132 (account) SB
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231 848 122 (append) SB
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591 848 47 (dir) SB
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951 848 80 (mdir) SB
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1311 848 54 (put) SB
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1671 848 94 (struct) SB
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231 898 78 (ascii) SB
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591 898 181 (disconnect) SB
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951 898 85 (mget) SB
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1311 898 72 (pwd) SB
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1671 898 131 (sunique) SB
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231 948 64 (bell) SB
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591 948 82 (form) SB
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951 948 101 (mkdir) SB
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1311 948 66 (quit) SB
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1671 948 92 (tenex) SB
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231 998 108 (binary) SB
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591 998 52 (get) SB
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951 998 61 (mls) SB
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1311 998 94 (quote) SB
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1671 998 83 (trace) SB
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231 1048 61 (bye) SB
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591 1048 75 (glob) SB
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951 1048 94 (mode) SB
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1311 1048 73 (recv) SB
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1671 1048 73 (type) SB
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231 1098 73 (case) SB
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591 1098 77 (hash) SB
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951 1098 87 (mput) SB
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1311 1098 191 (remotehelp) SB
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1671 1098 70 (user) SB
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231 1148 40 (cd) SB
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591 1148 73 (help) SB
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951 1148 94 (nmap) SB
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1311 1148 125 (rename) SB
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1671 1148 131 (verbose) SB
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231 1198 82 (cdup) SB
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591 1198 104 (image) SB
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951 1198 103 (ntrans) SB
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1311 1198 80 (reset) SB
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1671 1198 19 (?) SB
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231 1248 87 (close) SB
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591 1248 52 (lcd) SB
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951 1248 82 (open) SB
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1311 1248 94 (rmdir) SB
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231 1348 1588 (Now type help for any command, and you'll get a terse definition of what the command does:) SB
381 1448 96 (FTP>) SB
531 1448 186 (help delete) SB
381 1498 102 (delete) SB
531 1498 200 (delete a file) SB
231 1598 1894 (Because there are several versions of FTP for different operating systems, it's always a good idea to type "help") SB
231 1648 1918 (and see what commands are available if you are having problems.  You might find that some familiar commands) SB
231 1698 1866 (are not present on the machine you are using.  Using FTP on IBM CMS and TOPS-20 mainframes is different) SB
231 1748 860 (from the examples given above, so be forewarned!) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1895 875 (Finding Out if FTP is on your Computer) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2009 1796 (If simply typing FTP doesn't give you the FTP prompt you can find out if FTP is available by asking your) SB
231 2059 621 (instructor or your user services staff.) SB
231 2159 1860 (As mentioned above, you may have to invoke a software package of which FTP is a part.  For example, some) SB
231 2209 1899 (packages on computers such as the Apple Macintosh, IBM PCs, and Amigas, may have FTP bundled with other) SB
231 2259 205 (applications) SB
436 2259 11 (.) SB
231 2359 1868 (You can also try your local online help system.  Here are some of the more common forms of help syntax you) SB
231 2409 177 (might use.) SB
gs 599 50 359 2506 CB
381 2509 357 (help ftp or help tcpip) SB
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981 2509 577 (VMS, CMS, some Unix machines) SB
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381 2559 340 (man ftp or man ftpd) SB
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981 2559 348 (most Unix machines) SB
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381 2609 362 (find telnet or find tcp) SB
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981 2609 445 (Macintosh \(using the Find) SB
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981 2659 422 (File application from the) SB
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981 2709 245 ("apple" menu\)) SB
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1776 2976 405 (Chapter 4: Using FTP) SB
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231 334 670 (For More Information On FTP) SB
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231 448 783 ("List of Anonymous FTP Sites," Jon Granrose) SB
1014 448 11 (.) SB
381 548 174 (FTP Host:) SB
681 548 218 (pilot.njin.net) SB
381 598 165 (directory:) SB
681 598 188 (pub/ftp-list) SB
381 648 85 (files:) SB
681 648 177 (README) SB
681 698 73 (help) SB
681 748 94 (index) SB
681 798 313 (...and many others) SB
231 898 1939 (Two USENET newsgroups deal specifically with FTP archives.  Read chapter 8 of NUSIRG for more information) SB
231 948 327 (on using USENET.) SB
gs 660 50 208 1045 CB
231 1048 258 (comp.archives:) SB
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891 1048 532 (Announcements about new and) SB
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891 1098 310 (Updated FTP files) SB
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231 1148 375 (comp.archives.admin:) SB
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891 1148 524 (Frequent discussion about FTP) SB
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891 1198 632 (archives, access, administration, etc..) SB
gr
231 1398 1933 (For example, the "Short List of Particularly Good FTP Hosts" provided in this chapter was derived from a posting) SB
231 1448 891 (by Ed Vielmetti to the group "comp.archive.admin.") SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1595 641 (Technical References On FTP) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1709 1795 (Comer, D. E.  1991.  "Internetworking With TCP/IP."  Volume 1: Principles, Protocols, and Architecture.) SB
231 1759 930 (Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.  Chapter 23.) SB
231 1859 1823 (RFC959:  The File Transfer Protocol \(available via anonymous FTP from nis.nsf.net in the "rfc" directory\).) SB
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1776 2976 405 (Chapter 4: Using FTP) SB
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231 334 31 (T) SB
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262 344 67 (HE ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
329 334 120 (ABC') SB
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449 344 104 (S OF ) SB
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553 334 36 (H) SB
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589 344 193 (ANDLING ) SB
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782 334 33 (S) SB
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815 344 158 (PECIAL ) SB
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973 334 31 (F) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
1004 344 89 (ILES) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 492 970 (Archives, Binary Files, and Compressed Files) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 606 1881 (Many files on FTP archives and other computers are in a text only format which can be copied directly to your) SB
231 656 1925 (computer and displayed with a text editor without any special processing.  However, you will certainly encounter) SB
231 706 1928 (computer files which are stored in special forms, and need to be transferred and/or processed in particular ways if) SB
231 756 551 (you want to be able to use them.) SB
231 856 1038 (There are three main kinds of special formats to look out for:) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 961 32 (o) SB
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456 957 192 (binary files) SB
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381 1012 32 (o) SB
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456 1008 283 (compressed files) SB
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381 1063 32 (o) SB
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456 1059 339 (archived file groups) SB
231 1159 607 (and any combination of these three.) SB
231 1259 1912 (Before going through some examples of how to process archived, compressed, and binary files, some definitions) SB
231 1309 242 (will be useful.) SB
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231 1456 465 (Archived File Groups) SB
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231 1570 1896 (When several files are logically related in some way, they are sometimes put together and stored as one archive) SB
231 1620 1913 (file.  This makes it easier for you to copy the information to your computer.  You need only to use the FTP "get") SB
231 1670 1871 (command once to transfer the whole archive file to your computer.  You can then run a program on your local) SB
231 1720 958 (computer to unpack the archive into its component files.) SB
231 1820 1823 (One commonly encountered archive format on the Internet is called "tar", which is short for "tape archive.") SB
2054 1820 123 (  These) SB
231 1870 1924 (tar archives are created, and unpacked, using the tar program on UNIX copyrighted computers.  Files which have) SB
231 1920 1561 (been archived with tar should contain the word "tar" at or towards the end of their filename.) SB
231 2020 1946 (Similarly, there are other archive programs for UNIX and most other computer operating systems, and each one of) SB
231 2070 817 (these will add a special suffix to the file's name.) SB
231 2170 1797 (For example, there is a file containing a complete, text only copy of NUSIRG on ftphost.nwnet.net, in the) SB
231 2220 1255 (directory path /nic/nwnet/users-guide, called nusirg.whole-guide.txt.tar.Z.) SB
231 2320 1286 (But what does the "Z" in the filename "nusirg.whole-guide.txt.tar.Z" mean?) SB
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231 2467 376 (Compressed Files) SB
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231 2581 1926 (As the name suggests, compressed files are files which have been made smaller so that they take up less space on) SB
231 2631 1892 (a computer disk or other storage media. Because they are smaller, compressed files are also transferred through) SB
231 2681 1079 (the Internet more quickly than the original, uncompressed files.) SB
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1776 2976 405 (Chapter 4: Using FTP) SB
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231 287 1905 (In the example above, the letter "Z" indicates that the file "NUSIRG.txt.tar.Z" has been compressed by the Unix) SB
231 337 1948 (compress program. Again, there are many other compression programs for UNIX and other operating systems, and) SB
231 387 853 (each will add a particular suffix to the file's name.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 534 260 (Binary Files) SB
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231 648 1934 (Text on most computer screens is displayed as lower and upper case letters, numbers, and special characters, such) SB
231 698 913 (as !,@,#, and so forth, which are easy for you to read.) SB
231 798 1837 (The only information computers can "read," however, is binary code, numbers made up of 1's and 0's.  Most) SB
231 848 1932 (computers use standard translation conventions, either ASCII or EBCDIC, to store text.  Binary files, on the other) SB
231 898 1925 (hand, typically refer to "non-text" files  such as bitmaps or computer programs.  Most compressed files are stored) SB
231 948 321 (in "binary" format.) SB
231 1048 1922 (The important thing to remember about binary files when you use FTP is that they must be transferred using FTP) SB
231 1098 1894 (binary mode.  Otherwise the file will be translated to ASCII \(or EBCDIC for IBM users\) and be useless when it) SB
231 1148 382 (gets to your computer.) SB
231 1248 1928 (You put FTP into binary mode by typing the word "binary" at the FTP prompt. When you're not sure what format) SB
231 1298 1836 (a file is in, you should try using binary.  Regardless of whether it is actually in binary or ASCII, the file will) SB
231 1348 648 (usually get to your computer just fine.) SB
231 1448 1918 (You should be aware that FTP's on some computers have additional modes which you might need to use, such as) SB
231 1498 103 (tenex.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1645 1496 (Quick Guide to Common Un-Archive and Un-Compression Programs) SB
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231 1759 1822 (Some FTP hosts have a README file in each directory which provides brief descriptions of the file in that) SB
231 1809 1920 (directory.  The README file also indicates which, if any, of the files in the directory need special handling, and) SB
231 1859 1907 (if so, what that handling should be.  It's always a good idea to get such README files before you start getting a) SB
231 1909 1009 (lot of files from an FTP host.  It can save you a lot of grief!) SB
231 2009 1862 (However, many FTP hosts do not have these files \(and sometimes we are too impatient to take the time to get) SB
231 2059 836 (README files\), so sometimes we have to guess.) SB
231 2159 1064 (Suppose you FTP'd the following files onto a UNIX computer:) SB
381 2259 134 (file1.txt) SB
381 2309 159 (file2.shar) SB
381 2359 171 (file3.tar.Z) SB
231 2459 1894 (In the paragraphs below, you can find out what needs to be done to each of these files before you can use them:) SB
231 2559 1845 (For file 1, "txt" is one of several common extensions used for text-only files, so file1 can most likely be read) SB
231 2609 711 (directly with a standard UNIX text editor.) SB
231 2709 1244 (For file 2,"shar" is the file extension often used to denote a "shell archive) SB
1475 2709 692 (."  To process file2.shar, you usually can) SB
231 2759 1919 (find directions at the top of the file like "Delete everything above the 'cut here' mark, and then type "sh this file.") SB
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231 287 1927 (Finally, file 3 has two extensions: "tar" and "Z".  First we would use the "uncompress" program, which will make) SB
231 337 1897 (a file called "file3.tar".  We would then use then the "tar" program to unarchive the file into it component parts.) SB
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1174 537 528 (Name of program *you* use to) SB
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1235 587 407 (process this file on your) SB
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231 637 182 (Archive or) SB
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681 637 112 (Added) SB
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1197 637 483 (computer's operating system) SB
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231 687 222 (Compression) SB
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681 687 66 (File) SB
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231 737 257 (Program Name) SB
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681 737 169 (Extension) SB
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1011 737 83 (DOS) SB
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681 840 86 (ARC) SB
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1011 840 185 (arc602.exe) SB
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1461 840 138 (ArcMac) SB
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231 890 131 (BinHex) SB
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681 890 72 (Hqx) SB
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1011 890 180 (xbin23.zip) SB
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1461 890 131 (BinHex) SB
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231 940 159 (compress) SB
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681 940 26 (Z) SB
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1011 940 126 (u16.zip) SB
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1461 940 243 (MacCompress) SB
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231 990 108 (PackIt) SB
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681 990 45 (pit) SB
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1011 990 159 (UnPackIt) SB
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1461 990 108 (PackIt) SB
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231 1040 116 (PKZIP) SB
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681 1040 63 (ZIP) SB
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1011 1040 234 (pkz110eu.exe) SB
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1461 1040 110 (UnZip) SB
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231 1090 246 (SHellARchive) SB
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681 1090 70 (shar) SB
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1011 1090 208 (toadshr1.arc) SB
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1461 1090 128 (UnShar) SB
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1011 1190 108 (tar.zip) SB
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231 1240 162 (uuencode) SB
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1461 1240 108 (uutool) SB
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231 1290 86 (ZOO) SB
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1011 1290 194 (zoo201.exe) SB
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1461 1290 164 (MacBooz) SB
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gs 899 50 989 1537 CB
1174 1540 528 (Name of program *you* use to) SB
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1235 1590 407 (process this file on your) SB
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1197 1640 483 (computer's operating system) SB
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231 1690 182 (Archive or) SB
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681 1690 112 (Added) SB
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231 1740 222 (Compression) SB
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681 1740 66 (File) SB
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231 1790 257 (Program Name) SB
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1461 1993 159 (compress) SB
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231 495 482 (For More Information) SB
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231 609 1911 (A comprehensive table of nearly 100 programs for unpacking archives and uncompressing files is maintained by) SB
231 659 250 (David Lemson) SB
481 659 1696 (.  His document also gives detailed information on where all listed programs can be obtained.  Most) SB
231 709 1879 (of them are available via anonymous FTP.  Here's the information for the location of the "master" copy, which) SB
231 759 353 (should be up to date.) SB
381 859 174 (FTP Host:) SB
681 859 286 (ux1.cso.uiuc.edu) SB
381 909 165 (directory:) SB
681 909 165 (doc/pcnet) SB
381 959 161 (filename:) SB
681 959 213 (compression) SB
231 1059 819 (This file is available on other FTP hosts as well.) SB
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231 1206 610 (USENET Discussion Groups) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1320 1837 (The following USENET discussion groups deal specifically with the theory and practice of file compression) SB
2068 1320 11 (.) SB
381 1420 372 (alt.comp.compression) SB
381 1470 318 (comp.compression) SB
231 1570 1925 (Useful information about file compression is often presented in the following operating system specific groups as) SB
231 1620 73 (well) SB
304 1620 11 (.) SB
381 1720 354 (comp.binaries.amiga) SB
381 1770 363 (comp.binaries.apple2) SB
381 1820 365 (comp.binaries.atari.st) SB
381 1870 367 (comp.binaries.ibm.pc) SB
381 1920 321 (comp.binaries.mac) SB
381 1970 308 (comp.binaries.os2) SB
231 2070 1540 (If you don't know how to use USENET, refer to Chapter 7 of NUSIRG, "Using USENET.") SB
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1776 2976 405 (Chapter 4: Using FTP) SB
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863 289 685 (Chapter 5: TELNET) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
231 526 36 (U) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
267 536 109 (SING ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
376 526 195 (TELNET) SB
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231 684 496 (What is TELNET For?) SB
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231 798 1419 (TELNET  is an Internet application used for logging in to other Internet computers.) SB
231 898 542 (With TELNET, you can access:) SB
381 998 21 (o) SB
456 998 288 (Online databases) SB
381 1048 15 (\225) SB
gs 2013 3144 396 0 CB
456 1048 449 (Electronic library catalogs) SB
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381 1098 21 (o) SB
456 1098 490 (Internet information services) SB
381 1148 21 (o) SB
456 1148 711 (Computers on which you have an account) SB
231 1248 755 (In practice, there are two kinds of TELNET.) SB
231 1348 1927 ("Guest TELNET" allows you to login to a computer through a special guest account from which you can perform) SB
231 1398 663 (a restricted, but still useful set of tasks.) SB
231 1498 1921 ("Full privilege TELNET" allows you to login to a computer on which you have a regular account, and to do your) SB
231 1548 1391 (normal work on this computer from any other computer connected to the Internet.) SB
231 1648 1918 (TELNET is one of the "application level services" of TCP/IP \(Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol\)) SB
231 1698 1870 (which computers throughout the Internet use to communicate.  For more detailed information on the technical) SB
231 1748 1521 (aspects of TELNET, obtain the references in the section entitled "For More Information.") SB
231 1848 1917 (Note that when you access Internet services which are installed on IBM mainframes, you will sometimes need to) SB
231 1898 825 (use a special version of TELNET called "tn3270) SB
1056 1898 1125 (" which allows full screen TELNET sessions on IBM mainframes.) SB
231 1948 1883 (From your perspective, tn3270 works just like TELNET, and you can simply substitute "tn3270" for TELNET.) SB
231 1998 1431 (This is especially important when connecting to IBM mainframes from UNIX hosts.) SB
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231 2145 605 (How Do You Use TELNET?) SB
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231 2259 1918 (If TELNET is installed on your computer, you can usually type "telnet", followed by another computer's Internet) SB
231 2309 1448 (address.  Sometimes you will also have to type in a userid or other login information.) SB
231 2409 1379 (For example, to login to the University of Maryland's INFO program, you'd type:) SB
381 2509 332 (telnet info.umd.edu) SB
231 2709 1947 (In a short time, the computer in Maryland should prompt you for a login id; just type "info" after the word "login:") SB
381 2809 178 (login: info) SB
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1813 2976 368 (Chapter 5: TELNET) SB
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231 287 1886 (You will then be asked what kind of terminal you are using.  To take full advantage of this particular TELNET) SB
231 337 1906 (site, you should type 'vt100', or some other "full screen emulation" terminal type which allows you to use cursor) SB
231 387 1950 (keys, etc.\)  Throughout this session, you will see instructions on your screen about what to do.  If you get confused) SB
231 437 1725 (in this or any other TELNET session, just type "help" or "?".  Or, go to the section entitled "TELNET) SB
231 487 1939 (Troubleshooting" for solutions to some of the more commonly encountered problems.  Here's a list of a few of the) SB
231 537 1529 (many TELNET sites on the Internet which offer valuable and interesting services.  Enjoy!) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 737 961 (A Brief List of Some Representative TELNET Sites) SB
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381 866 1071 (1.  TELNET Sites Which Work With Most Kinds of Terminals) SB
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231 966 101 (Name) SB
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531 966 280 (Internet Address) SB
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1056 966 182 (Login Info) SB
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gs 749 100 1484 963 CB
1506 966 143 (Services) SB
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gs 300 53 208 1063 CB
231 1069 112 (CARL) SB
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gs 524 53 509 1063 CB
531 1069 201 (pac.carl.org) SB
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1056 1069 213 (none needed) SB
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1506 1069 286 (Library Catalogs) SB
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531 1119 194 (nic.ddn.mil) SB
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1506 1119 222 (Internet info,) SB
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1506 1169 239 (find computer) SB
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1506 1219 244 (addresses, etc.) SB
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231 1269 156 (Knowbot) SB
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531 1269 352 (sol.bucknell.edu 185) SB
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1506 1269 248 (Find computer) SB
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531 1319 334 (nri.reston.va.us 185) SB
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231 1369 175 (MELVYL) SB
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531 1369 283 (melvyl.ucop.edu) SB
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1056 1369 213 (none needed) SB
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1506 1369 286 (Library Catalogs) SB
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381 1494 1147 (2.  TELNET Sites Which Work Best With "Full Screen Emulation") SB
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231 1594 101 (Name) SB
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531 1594 280 (Internet Address) SB
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1056 1594 182 (Login Info) SB
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1506 1594 143 (Services) SB
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231 1697 175 (PENpages) SB
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531 1697 260 (psupen.psu.edu) SB
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1056 1697 208 (user: pnotpa) SB
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1506 1697 207 (Agricultural) SB
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1506 1747 202 (Information) SB
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231 1797 181 (SpaceLink) SB
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531 1797 264 (128.158.13.250) SB
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1056 1797 233 (user: newuser) SB
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1506 1797 359 (NASA & Space info.) SB
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1056 1847 235 (pass: newuser) SB
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231 1897 205 (UMD INFO) SB
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531 1897 226 (info.umd.edu) SB
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1056 1897 178 (login: info) SB
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1506 1897 246 (Many kinds of) SB
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1506 1947 200 (information) SB
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231 1997 196 (UNC INFO) SB
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gs 524 50 509 1994 CB
531 1997 277 (info.acs.unc.edu) SB
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1056 1997 178 (login: info) SB
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1506 1997 204 (Univ. North) SB
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1506 2047 236 (Carolina info.) SB
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231 2250 1835 (The best way to learn about TELNET is to use it.  There is a sample session to try at the end of this chapter.) SB
231 2350 1666 (The rest of this document gives more detailed, but still nontechnical, information about TELNET.) SB
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231 2497 1144 (Additional Information for Personal Computer Users) SB
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231 2611 1769 (If you're connecting to the Internet from a personal computer, there are two main ways to use TELNET:) SB
381 2711 21 (o) SB
456 2711 1639 (If you are a modem user, you can login to a mainframe or a telecommuncations provider using a) SB
456 2761 1701 (terminal emulation program, and then use the mainframe or telecommunication provider's TELNET) SB
456 2811 156 (software.) SB
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1813 2976 368 (Chapter 5: TELNET) SB
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381 287 21 (o) SB
456 287 1628 (If you are using a personal computer connected directly to the Internet you may be able to use a) SB
456 337 946 (TELNET program installed on your personal computer.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 484 562 (Typical TELNET Sessions) SB
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231 598 1937 (We'll illustrate the use of TELNET with two examples: 1\) logging in to a VMS computer from a UNIX computer,) SB
231 648 1385 (and 2\) logging into an Internet Information Service to a public TELNET account.) SB
231 748 906 (In these sample sessions, lines are labeled as follows:) SB
gs 1497 53 360 895 CB
381 901 520 (U> Commands entered by you) SB
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381 1001 1225 (P> TELNET or operating system prompts where you type a response on) SB
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381 1051 774 (the same line as the prompt; text you enter is ) SB
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1155 1051 181 (underlined) SB
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231 1204 701 (Text with no line labels are explanations.) SB
231 1304 1581 (Example 1.  Using TELNET to Login to Another Computer on Which You Have an Account) SB
231 1404 1803 (If you have computer accounts on two or more computers, substitute the names of those computers for the) SB
231 1454 961 (hypothetical Internet addresses supplied in this example.) SB
231 1554 1896 (This example illustrates that you can usually get online help for TELNET within each of the operating systems,) SB
231 1604 1151 (and help from the TELNET program while at the TELNET prompt.) SB
231 1704 1947 (1\) In UNIX, you can type "man telnet" to get UNIX specific help on TELNET \(in UNIX jargon, "man" is short for) SB
231 1754 276 ("manual page"\):) SB
gs 1497 103 360 1901 CB
381 1907 278 (P> UNIXhost% ) SB
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659 1907 179 (man telnet) SB
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231 287 846 (You will then see a page of the TELNET manual.) SB
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2 2 808 384 B
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746 2 811 384 B
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n
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n
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gs 448 100 360 437 CB
381 440 237 (TELNET\(1C\)) SB
gr
gs 749 100 809 437 CB
831 440 520 (DYNIX Programmer's Manual) SB
gr
gs 298 100 1559 437 CB
1581 440 237 (TELNET\(1C\)) SB
gr
2 99 357 437 B
1 F
n
2 99 1857 437 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 50 360 537 CB
381 540 123 (NAME) SB
gr
2 49 357 537 B
1 F
n
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1 F
n
gs 1497 100 360 587 CB
531 590 856 (TELNET - user interface to the TELNET protocol) SB
gr
2 99 357 587 B
1 F
n
2 99 1857 587 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 50 360 687 CB
381 690 196 (SYNOPSIS) SB
gr
2 49 357 687 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 687 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 100 360 737 CB
531 740 420 (TELNET [ host [ port ] ]) SB
gr
2 99 357 737 B
1 F
n
2 99 1857 737 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 50 360 837 CB
381 840 272 (DESCRIPTION) SB
gr
2 49 357 837 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 837 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 50 360 887 CB
381 890 1212 (TELNET is used to communicate with another host using the TELNET) SB
gr
2 49 357 887 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 887 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 50 360 937 CB
381 940 1222 (protocol.  If TELNET is invoked without arguments, it enters command) SB
gr
2 49 357 937 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 937 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 50 360 987 CB
381 990 1254 (mode,indicated by its prompt \("TELNET>"\).  In this mode, it accepts and) SB
gr
2 49 357 987 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 987 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 50 360 1037 CB
381 1040 1186 (executes the commands listed below.  If it is invoked with arguments,) SB
gr
2 49 357 1037 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 1037 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 100 360 1087 CB
381 1090 1100 (it performs an open command \(see below\) with those arguments.) SB
gr
2 99 357 1087 B
1 F
n
2 99 1857 1087 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 50 360 1187 CB
381 1190 1254 (Once a connection has been opened, TELNET enters an input mode.  The) SB
gr
2 49 357 1187 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 1187 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 50 360 1237 CB
381 1240 1207 (input mode entered will be either "character at a time" or "line by line") SB
gr
2 49 357 1237 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 1237 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 100 360 1287 CB
381 1290 806 (depending on what the remote system supports.) SB
gr
2 99 357 1287 B
1 F
n
2 99 1857 1287 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 100 360 1387 CB
381 1390 147 (--More--) SB
gr
2 99 357 1387 B
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n
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n
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1496 2 360 1487 B
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2 2 1857 1487 B
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231 1543 1002 (Now let's start a TELNET session by just typing TELNET.) SB
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2 49 357 1643 B
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n
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gs 1497 50 360 1693 CB
381 1696 278 (P> UNIXhost% ) SB
gr
32 0 0 42 42 1 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 1497 50 360 1693 CB
659 1696 95 (telnet) SB
gr
2 49 357 1693 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 1693 B
1 F
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32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 1497 100 360 1743 CB
381 1746 180 (T> telnet>) SB
gr
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1496 2 360 1843 B
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32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1813 2976 368 (Chapter 5: TELNET) SB
255 255 255 fC
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231 76 992 (NorthwestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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231 287 1891 (We are now running the TELNET program on the UNIX host. Let's see what help the TELNET program has to) SB
231 337 672 (offer \(what you see might be different\):) SB
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gs 1497 100 360 487 CB
381 490 188 (P> telnet> ) SB
gr
32 0 0 42 42 1 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 1497 100 360 487 CB
569 490 73 (help) SB
gr
2 99 357 487 B
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32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 448 100 360 587 CB
381 590 253 (T> Commands) SB
gr
gs 1048 100 809 587 CB
831 590 633 (may be abbreviated.  Commands are:) SB
gr
2 99 357 587 B
1 F
n
2 99 1857 587 B
1 F
n
gs 448 50 360 687 CB
381 690 148 (T> close) SB
gr
gs 1048 50 809 687 CB
831 690 415 (close current connection) SB
gr
2 49 357 687 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 687 B
1 F
n
gs 448 50 360 737 CB
381 740 183 (T> display) SB
gr
gs 1048 50 809 737 CB
831 740 490 (display operating parameters) SB
gr
2 49 357 737 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 737 B
1 F
n
gs 448 50 360 787 CB
381 790 155 (T> mode) SB
gr
gs 1048 50 809 787 CB
831 790 780 (enter line-by-line or character-at-a-time mode) SB
gr
2 49 357 787 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 787 B
1 F
n
gs 448 50 360 837 CB
381 840 143 (T> open) SB
gr
gs 1048 50 809 837 CB
831 840 276 (connect to a site) SB
gr
2 49 357 837 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 837 B
1 F
n
gs 448 50 360 887 CB
381 890 127 (T> quit) SB
gr
gs 1048 50 809 887 CB
831 890 235 (exit TELNET) SB
gr
2 49 357 887 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 887 B
1 F
n
gs 448 50 360 937 CB
381 940 138 (T> send) SB
gr
gs 1048 50 809 937 CB
831 940 771 (transmit special characters \('send ?' for more\)) SB
gr
2 49 357 937 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 937 B
1 F
n
gs 448 50 360 987 CB
381 990 108 (T> set) SB
gr
gs 1048 50 809 987 CB
831 990 705 (set operating parameters \('set ?' for more\)) SB
gr
2 49 357 987 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 987 B
1 F
n
gs 448 50 360 1037 CB
381 1040 157 (T> status) SB
gr
gs 1048 50 809 1037 CB
831 1040 398 (print status information) SB
gr
2 49 357 1037 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 1037 B
1 F
n
gs 448 50 360 1087 CB
381 1090 167 (T> toggle) SB
gr
gs 1048 50 809 1087 CB
831 1090 823 (toggle operating parameters \('toggle ?' for more\)) SB
gr
2 49 357 1087 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 1087 B
1 F
n
gs 448 50 360 1137 CB
381 1140 80 (T> z) SB
gr
gs 1048 50 809 1137 CB
831 1140 306 (suspend TELNET) SB
gr
2 49 357 1137 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 1137 B
1 F
n
gs 448 100 360 1187 CB
381 1190 80 (T> ?) SB
gr
gs 1048 100 809 1187 CB
831 1190 375 (print help information) SB
gr
2 99 357 1187 B
1 F
n
2 2 357 1287 B
1 F
n
2 2 357 1287 B
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n
447 2 360 1287 B
1 F
n
2 2 808 1287 B
1 F
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1045 2 811 1287 B
1 F
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2 99 1857 1187 B
1 F
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2 2 1857 1287 B
1 F
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2 2 1857 1287 B
1 F
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231 1343 1837 (Notice that additional help can be obtained for some of the commands which have suboptions \(e.g., "set ?"\).) SB
231 1443 1880 (Now let's open a session to another computer on which we have a regular account and password \(substitute the) SB
231 1493 1088 (name with a computer on which you actually have an account.\):) SB
2 2 357 1590 B
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1 F
n
2 49 357 1593 B
1 F
n
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gs 1497 50 360 1643 CB
381 1646 870 (P> telnet> open vmshost.internet.computer.address) SB
gr
2 49 357 1643 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 1643 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 50 360 1693 CB
381 1696 886 (T> Connected to vmshost.internet.computer.address) SB
gr
2 49 357 1693 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 1693 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 100 360 1743 CB
381 1746 459 (T> Escape character is '^]'.) SB
gr
2 99 357 1743 B
1 F
n
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1 F
n
2 2 357 1843 B
1 F
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1496 2 360 1843 B
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231 1899 1907 (From this point on, your terminal will display a session which is just like what it would be if you were logged in) SB
231 1949 141 (directly.) SB
2 2 357 2046 B
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2 49 357 2049 B
1 F
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gs 1497 50 360 2099 CB
381 2102 739 (T> Welcome to VMSHOST.  Please log in.) SB
gr
2 49 357 2099 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 2099 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 50 360 2149 CB
381 2152 252 (P> Username: ) SB
gr
32 0 0 42 42 1 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 1497 50 360 2149 CB
633 2152 194 (your-userid) SB
gr
2 49 357 2149 B
1 F
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1 F
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32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 1497 50 360 2199 CB
381 2202 241 (P> Password: ) SB
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32 0 0 42 42 1 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 1497 50 360 2199 CB
622 2202 249 (your-password) SB
gr
2 49 357 2199 B
1 F
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2 49 1857 2199 B
1 F
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32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 1497 50 360 2249 CB
381 2252 974 (T> Welcome to VMSHOST, running VAX/VMS V5.4-1.) SB
gr
2 49 357 2249 B
1 F
n
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1 F
n
gs 1497 50 360 2299 CB
381 2302 980 (T> Last interactive login on Thursday, 2-SEP-1991 16:17) SB
gr
2 49 357 2299 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 2299 B
1 F
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gs 1497 100 360 2349 CB
381 2352 1057 (T> Last non-interactive login on Thursday, 2-SEP-1991 16:21) SB
gr
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32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1813 2976 368 (Chapter 5: TELNET) SB
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231 287 1933 (Now that we are in the VMS machine, let's use the VMS help system to get information about TELNET on VMS.) SB
2 2 357 384 B
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gs 1497 50 360 437 CB
381 440 280 (P>  $ help telnet) SB
gr
2 49 357 437 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 437 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 50 360 487 CB
381 490 232 (T>  TELNET) SB
gr
2 49 357 487 B
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gs 1497 50 360 537 CB
381 540 1009 (T>  TELNET is a subsystem to allow users to connect their) SB
gr
2 49 357 537 B
1 F
n
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gs 1497 50 360 587 CB
381 590 925 (T>  terminal to other systems on a network.  TELNET) SB
gr
2 49 357 587 B
1 F
n
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gs 1497 50 360 637 CB
381 640 1006 (T>  supports communication using the TCP/IP, CHAOSnet) SB
gr
2 49 357 637 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 637 B
1 F
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gs 1497 50 360 687 CB
381 690 399 (T>  and PUP protocols.) SB
gr
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1 F
n
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1 F
n
gs 1497 50 360 737 CB
381 740 206 (T>  Format:) SB
gr
2 49 357 737 B
1 F
n
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1 F
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gs 1497 100 360 787 CB
381 790 447 (T>  TELNET [host-name]) SB
gr
2 99 357 787 B
1 F
n
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1 F
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gs 1497 100 360 887 CB
381 890 641 (T>  Additional information available:) SB
gr
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1 F
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1 F
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gs 1497 100 360 987 CB
381 990 637 (T>  Parameters Command_Qualifiers) SB
gr
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1 F
n
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gs 1497 100 360 1087 CB
381 1090 592 (P>  Press RETURN to continue ... ) SB
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gs 1497 100 360 1087 CB
973 1090 221 (<return key>) SB
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gs 1497 100 360 1187 CB
381 1190 420 (P>  TELNET Subtopic? ) SB
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32 0 0 42 42 1 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 1497 100 360 1187 CB
801 1190 221 (<return key>) SB
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gs 1497 100 360 1287 CB
381 1290 198 (P>  Topic? ) SB
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gs 1497 100 360 1287 CB
579 1290 221 (<return key>) SB
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231 1443 1944 (We can close our connection to VMSHOST by logging out normally, and we will be returned to the UNIX session) SB
231 1493 464 (from which we had started:) SB
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gs 1497 100 360 1643 CB
381 1646 198 (P> $ logout) SB
gr
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1 F
n
gs 1497 100 360 1743 CB
381 1746 189 (Unixhost%) SB
gr
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231 1899 1880 (We've closed the connection to VMSHOST; if we wanted to we could enter more TELNET commands or start) SB
231 1949 691 (another session.  But let's quit TELNET:) SB
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1 F
n
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gs 1497 100 360 2099 CB
381 2102 188 (P> telnet> ) SB
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32 0 0 42 42 1 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 1497 100 360 2099 CB
569 2102 66 (quit) SB
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1 F
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1 F
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32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 1497 100 360 2199 CB
381 2202 209 (UNIXhost%) SB
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2 99 357 2199 B
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1496 2 360 2299 B
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32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2355 1179 (Example 2.  TELNET Session to an Internet Information Server) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2459 1753 (This example shows how TELNET can be used to access special guest accounts on Internet computers.) SB
231 2559 1891 (The process of connecting to such guest accounts is the same: you type "telnet internet.host.address".  But once) SB
231 2609 1926 (you are connected, every site has different features and user interfaces, so don't expect the details of this example) SB
231 2659 858 (to represent anything but INFO at "info.umd.edu"!) SB
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1813 2976 368 (Chapter 5: TELNET) SB
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gs 1497 50 360 337 CB
381 340 397 (U> telnet info.umd.edu) SB
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2 49 357 337 B
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n
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n
gs 1497 50 360 387 CB
381 390 209 (T> Trying...) SB
gr
2 49 357 387 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 387 B
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n
gs 1497 50 360 437 CB
381 440 625 (T> Connected to dbserv.UMD.EDU.) SB
gr
2 49 357 437 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 437 B
1 F
n
gs 1497 100 360 487 CB
381 490 459 (T> Escape character is '^]'.) SB
gr
2 99 357 487 B
1 F
n
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1 F
n
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n
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n
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n
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n
2 2 1857 587 B
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n
231 643 1913 (For this and most TELNET sessions, pressing the "Ctrl" or "Control" key followed by the "]" key will close your) SB
231 693 1908 (TELNET connection to another machine.  \("^" is the standard abbreviation for the control key in most computer) SB
231 743 166 (manuals.\)) SB
231 843 667 (You will now be prompted to log in as:) SB
2 2 357 940 B
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gs 898 100 360 993 CB
381 996 438 (T>  Ultrix V4.1 \(Rev. 52\)) SB
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gs 898 50 360 1093 CB
381 1096 687 (T>  At the "login:" prompt below, enter:) SB
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2 49 357 1093 B
1 F
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2 49 1857 1093 B
1 F
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gs 898 50 360 1143 CB
381 1146 169 (T>  INFO) SB
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gs 598 50 1259 1143 CB
1281 1146 488 (for access to the Information) SB
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2 49 357 1143 B
1 F
n
2 49 1857 1143 B
1 F
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gs 898 100 360 1193 CB
381 1196 50 (T>) SB
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gs 598 100 1259 1193 CB
1281 1196 466 (On-line files and programs.) SB
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2 99 357 1193 B
1 F
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gs 898 100 360 1293 CB
381 1296 236 (P> login: info) SB
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1 F
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gs 1497 50 360 1393 CB
381 1396 981 (T> Last login: Sat Sep 21 00:25:33 from annex2.umd.edu) SB
gr
2 49 357 1393 B
1 F
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2 49 1857 1393 B
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gs 1497 50 360 1443 CB
381 1446 1133 (T> Ultrix V4.1\(Rev 52\)System #2: Tue Jan 15 11:01:34 EST 1991) SB
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2 49 357 1443 B
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gs 1497 100 360 1493 CB
381 1496 440 (T> UWS V4.1 \(Rev. 197\)) SB
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231 1649 1918 (You will now be prompted for your computer's "terminal type."  When you use some TELNET services, you can) SB
231 1699 1338 (ask for a display of what kinds of terminal emulation are supported at that site.) SB
gs 1499 50 359 1896 CB
381 1899 590 (T> Please enter your terminal type) SB
gr
gs 1499 100 359 1946 CB
381 1949 673 (P> \(? for a list, RETURN for 'vt100'\): ?) SB
gr
231 2099 1862 (Terminal type does not mean "is you computer a Macintosh or an IBM mainframe?" but rather, "what kind of) SB
231 2149 1931 (terminal can your computer 'emulate'."  Any particular computer can, depending upon installed software, emulate) SB
231 2199 469 (one or more terminal types.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1813 2976 368 (Chapter 5: TELNET) SB
255 255 255 fC
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231 76 992 (NorthwestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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2090 76 46 (60) SB
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381 340 1253 (T>  A list of supported terminals follows.  Enter the type of your terminal) SB
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gs 1497 100 360 387 CB
381 390 264 (\(in lower case\):) SB
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gs 298 50 360 487 CB
381 490 145 (T>  type) SB
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gs 1198 50 659 487 CB
681 490 188 (description) SB
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1 F
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2 49 1857 487 B
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gs 298 50 360 537 CB
381 540 118 (T> aaa) SB
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gs 1198 50 659 537 CB
681 540 576 (Ann Arbor Ambassador \(24 lines\)) SB
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2 49 357 537 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 587 CB
381 590 147 (T>  dt80) SB
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gs 1198 50 659 587 CB
681 590 293 (Datamedia DT80) SB
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2 49 357 587 B
1 F
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2 49 1857 587 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 637 CB
381 640 135 (T>  h19) SB
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gs 1198 50 659 637 CB
681 640 1005 (Heathkit H-19 \(also MD-PC/IP TELNET program for PCs\)) SB
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2 49 357 637 B
1 F
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2 49 1857 637 B
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gs 298 50 360 687 CB
381 690 135 (T>  h29) SB
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gs 1198 50 659 687 CB
681 690 243 (Heathkit H-29) SB
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1 F
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gs 298 50 360 737 CB
381 740 114 (T>  kk) SB
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gs 1198 50 659 737 CB
681 740 1055 (Kermit VT-102 full-screen \(for campus IBM mainframes e.g.,) SB
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2 49 357 737 B
1 F
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2 49 1857 737 B
1 F
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gs 1198 50 659 787 CB
681 790 164 (DO IBM\)) SB
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2 49 1857 787 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 837 CB
381 840 126 (T>  m4) SB
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gs 1198 50 659 837 CB
681 840 789 (Microterm \(MIME\) 340/314 in ACT-IV Mode) SB
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2 49 357 837 B
1 F
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2 49 1857 837 B
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gs 298 50 360 887 CB
381 890 130 (T>  sun) SB
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gs 1198 50 659 887 CB
681 890 681 (Sun Microsystems Workstation Console) SB
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2 49 357 887 B
1 F
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2 49 1857 887 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 937 CB
381 940 168 (T>  vt100) SB
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gs 1198 50 659 937 CB
681 940 1066 (DEC VT-100 \(also NCSA TELNET program for PCs & Macs\)) SB
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2 49 357 937 B
1 F
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2 49 1857 937 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 987 CB
381 990 168 (T>  vt102) SB
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gs 1198 50 659 987 CB
681 990 228 (DEC VT-102) SB
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2 49 357 987 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 1037 CB
381 1040 168 (T>  vt200) SB
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gs 1198 50 659 1037 CB
681 1040 228 (DEC VT-200) SB
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gs 298 50 360 1087 CB
381 1090 147 (T>  vt52) SB
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gs 1198 50 659 1087 CB
681 1090 207 (DEC VT-52) SB
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2 49 357 1087 B
1 F
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1 F
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gs 298 50 360 1137 CB
381 1140 171 (T>  xterm) SB
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gs 1198 50 659 1137 CB
681 1140 789 (X-windows vt100 terminal emulator \(24 lines\)) SB
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2 49 357 1137 B
1 F
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2 49 1857 1137 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 1187 CB
381 1190 133 (T>  z19) SB
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gs 1198 50 659 1187 CB
681 1190 561 (Zenith Z-19 \(like Heathkit H-19\)) SB
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2 49 357 1187 B
1 F
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1 F
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gs 298 100 360 1237 CB
381 1240 133 (T>  z29) SB
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gs 1198 100 659 1237 CB
681 1240 561 (Zenith Z-29 \(like Heathkit H-29\)) SB
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2 99 357 1237 B
1 F
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297 2 360 1337 B
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231 1393 1931 (If you're not sure what kind of emulation you have available, try "vt100", which is a kind of full screen emulation) SB
231 1443 510 (available on many computers.) SB
2 2 357 1540 B
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381 1596 590 (T> Please enter your terminal type) SB
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gs 1497 100 360 1643 CB
381 1646 750 (P> \(? for a list, RETURN for 'vt100'\): vt100) SB
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231 1799 1902 (Your terminal will now display the following introductory information about the Info system.  Whenever online) SB
231 1849 705 (help is displayed, take the time to read it!) SB
gs 193 103 360 1946 CB
381 1952 91 (View) SB
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gs 209 103 554 1946 CB
576 1952 115 (Return) SB
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gs 209 103 764 1946 CB
786 1952 104 (Select) SB
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gs 179 103 974 1946 CB
996 1952 91 (X-fer) SB
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gs 239 103 1154 1946 CB
1176 1952 112 (Go-To) SB
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gs 239 103 1394 1946 CB
1416 1952 143 (Protocol) SB
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gs 373 103 1634 1946 CB
1656 1952 302 (Quit       INFO2.0) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 2049 CB
1019 2052 329 (Welcome to INFO!) SB
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2 99 357 2049 B
1 F
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gs 1647 100 360 2149 CB
381 2152 383 (MENU OPERATION:) SB
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2 99 357 2149 B
1 F
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2 99 2007 2149 B
1 F
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gs 1647 100 360 2249 CB
381 2252 1182 (The menus will be available after you press a key to clear this screen.) SB
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2 99 2007 2249 B
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gs 1647 50 360 2349 CB
381 2352 1418 (To select a menu item, press the arrow keys to highlight the item \(such as VIEW or) SB
gr
gs 1647 50 360 2399 CB
381 2402 1595 (SELECT\), and then press Return or Enter. You can also select a menu item by typing the first) SB
gr
gs 1647 100 360 2449 CB
381 2452 1172 (letter of that item. For example, pressing V selects the VIEW option.) SB
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2 199 357 2349 B
1 F
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2 199 2007 2349 B
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gs 1647 50 360 2549 CB
381 2552 1597 (Help is available everywhere.  If you get stuck you can press the ? key, and information about) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 2599 CB
381 2602 895 (the highlighted menu item will appear on the screen.) SB
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2 149 357 2549 B
1 F
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2 149 2007 2549 B
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gs 1647 100 360 2699 CB
1520 2702 466 (Press any key to continue...) SB
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32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1813 2976 368 (Chapter 5: TELNET) SB
255 255 255 fC
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231 76 992 (NorthwestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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gs 299 100 1859 75 CB
2090 76 46 (61) SB
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32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 287 918 (When you press any key, you will see the main menu.) SB
gs 208 103 360 384 CB
381 390 110 (VIEW) SB
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gs 224 103 569 384 CB
591 390 115 (Return) SB
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gs 224 103 794 384 CB
816 390 104 (Select) SB
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gs 149 103 1019 384 CB
1041 390 91 (X-fer) SB
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gs 209 103 1169 384 CB
1191 390 112 (Go-To) SB
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gs 224 103 1379 384 CB
1401 390 143 (Protocol) SB
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gs 179 103 1604 384 CB
1626 390 75 (Quit) SB
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gs 223 103 1784 384 CB
1806 390 97 (INFO) SB
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gs 1647 103 360 487 CB
381 493 243 (13 FILES IN /) SB
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gs 448 100 360 590 CB
533 593 101 (Name) SB
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1010 593 197 (Description) SB
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1569 593 278 (protocol = None) SB
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381 696 21 (1) SB
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1521 696 96 (15:17) SB
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381 746 21 (2) SB
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486 746 167 (EconData) SB
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861 746 162 (Directory) SB
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1161 746 217 (05 Jun, 1991) SB
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1521 746 96 (00:00) SB
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381 796 21 (3) SB
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486 796 168 (Literature) SB
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861 796 162 (Directory) SB
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1161 796 222 (18 Sep, 1991) SB
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1521 796 96 (10:41) SB
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381 846 21 (4) SB
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gs 374 50 464 843 CB
486 846 178 (Macintosh) SB
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gs 299 50 839 843 CB
861 846 162 (Directory) SB
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gs 359 50 1139 843 CB
1161 846 222 (20 Sep, 1991) SB
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1521 846 96 (19:00) SB
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381 896 21 (5) SB
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486 896 213 (NewsLetters) SB
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861 896 162 (Directory) SB
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1161 896 231 (19 Aug, 1991) SB
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1521 896 96 (12:30) SB
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381 946 21 (6) SB
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486 946 51 (PC) SB
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861 946 162 (Directory) SB
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1161 946 222 (20 Sep, 1991) SB
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1521 946 96 (23:32) SB
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381 996 21 (7) SB
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486 996 137 (USGovt) SB
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861 996 162 (Directory) SB
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1161 996 231 (06 Aug, 1991) SB
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381 1046 21 (8) SB
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381 1096 21 (9) SB
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861 1096 162 (Directory) SB
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1161 1096 208 (30 Jul, 1991) SB
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381 1146 42 (10) SB
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486 1146 108 (World) SB
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1161 1146 211 (18 Sep,1991) SB
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381 1196 42 (11) SB
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486 1196 129 (info.cat) SB
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861 1196 66 (File) SB
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1521 1196 96 (19:00) SB
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gs 103 50 360 1243 CB
381 1246 42 (12) SB
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gs 374 50 464 1243 CB
486 1246 174 (update.cat) SB
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gs 299 50 839 1243 CB
861 1246 66 (File) SB
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gs 359 50 1139 1243 CB
1161 1246 211 (20 Sep,1991) SB
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gs 224 50 1499 1243 CB
1521 1246 96 (07:00) SB
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gs 103 50 360 1293 CB
381 1296 42 (13) SB
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gs 374 50 464 1293 CB
486 1296 153 (welcome) SB
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gs 299 50 839 1293 CB
861 1296 66 (File) SB
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gs 359 50 1139 1293 CB
1161 1296 222 (12 Sep, 1991) SB
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1521 1296 96 (11:32) SB
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1746 1296 184 (1782 bytes) SB
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gs 1647 50 360 1343 CB
381 1346 1571 ( Use the up/down arrow keys to select a directory or file, press the first letter of a menu item) SB
gr
gs 1647 100 360 1393 CB
381 1396 667 (to act on the selection. Press ? for help.) SB
gr
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381 2455 42 (10) SB
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gs 1647 103 360 2552 CB
381 2558 623 (act on the selection. Press ? for help.) SB
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231 2711 1822 (Again, move the cursor down to a line you want to select.  Let's go to line 6 to the supreme court directory.) SB
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381 2814 110 (VIEW) SB
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1671 2814 75 (Quit) SB
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231 999 1848 (Finally, we will view the document "justices.txt" by moving the cursor to line 6 and pressing the Return key.) SB
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381 1302 220 (JUDICIARY) SB
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381 1402 835 (SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES) SB
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381 1502 896 (One First Street NE, 20543.   Phone, \(202\) 479-3000) SB
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381 1702 1605 (WILLIAM HUBBS REHNQUIST, Chief Justice of the United States, born in Milwaukee, WI,) SB
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381 1752 1564 (October 1, 1924; son of William Benjamin and Margery Peck Rehnquist; married to Natalie) SB
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381 1802 1444 (Cornell of San Diego, CA; children: James, Janet, and Nancy, member of Emmanuel) SB
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381 1852 1494 (Lutheran Church, Bethesda, MD, served in the U.S. Army Air Corps in this country and) SB
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381 1902 1496 (overseas from 1943-46, discharged with the rank of sergeant, Stanford University, B.A.,) SB
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381 1952 1568 (M.A., 1948; Harvard University, M.A., 1950; Stanford University, LL.B., 1952 ranking first) SB
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381 2002 1581 (in class; Order of the Coif; member of the Board of Editors of the Stanford Law Review; law) SB
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381 2052 1107 (clerk for Justice Robert H. Jackson, Supreme Court of the United) SB
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231 2455 1017 (To exit "info.umd.edu" you can press "Ctrl ]".  You will see) SB
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381 2608 180 (T> telnet>) SB
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231 2761 1846 (on your screen.  You can either enter "open another.internet.computer.address", or "close", to terminate your) SB
231 2811 303 (TELNET session.) SB
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1813 2976 368 (Chapter 5: TELNET) SB
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231 334 240 (TELNET T) SB
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231 445 1223 (Step 1.  If just typing "telnet" doesn't give you the "TELNET>" prompt:) SB
381 545 21 (o) SB
456 545 1634 (Try typing "help telnet", "man telnet", "info telnet" or whatever command is appropriate to your) SB
456 595 1098 (operating system.  You might also try "tcpip" instead of "telnet",) SB
381 695 21 (o) SB
456 695 765 (or contact your local user services personnel.) SB
231 795 1464 (Step 2.  If you type "telnet an.internet.computer.address" and you don't get connected:) SB
381 895 21 (o) SB
456 895 1670 ("unknown host" message: You might have misspelled the computer's domain name, or the domain) SB
456 945 736 (name of the computer might have changed.) SB
381 1045 21 (o) SB
456 1045 1702 ("foreign host did not responding within OPEN timeout" message:  There's probably too much traffic) SB
456 1095 1707 (somewhere on the Internet between you and the host, or the host is disabled in some way.  Try again) SB
456 1145 87 (later.) SB
381 1245 21 (o) SB
456 1245 1602 (There might be a limit on the number of users allowed onto the host at a given time.  You will) SB
456 1295 1370 (usually get some sort of explanation from the host to this effect.  Try again later.) SB
231 1395 1878 (Step 3.  When logging in to a VM/CMS mainframe from a UNIX host, TELNET will only give you "line-at-a-) SB
231 1445 1197 (time" service.  You should use a 3270 emulator for full screen service.) SB
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231 1592 47 (W) SB
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371 1592 36 (R) SB
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407 1602 237 (ESOURCES ) SB
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644 1592 36 (C) SB
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680 1602 69 (AN ) SB
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749 1592 36 (B) SB
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785 1602 38 (E ) SB
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823 1592 36 (A) SB
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859 1602 206 (CCESSED ) SB
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1065 1592 47 (W) SB
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1112 1602 75 (ITH ) SB
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1187 1592 226 (TELNET?) SB
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231 1703 1948 (There are many very interesting and valuables services listed in several chapters of NUSIRG and in the documents) SB
231 1753 485 (referenced in these chapters:) SB
381 1853 584 (Chapter 6:  Archie: The FTP Guru) SB
381 1953 1053 (Chapter 11:  Accessing Library Catalogs Through the Internet) SB
381 2053 1050 (Chapter 12: Internet Accessible Databases and Bibliographies) SB
381 2153 963 (Chapter 13:  The Wide Area Information Server \(WAIS\)) SB
381 2253 680 (Chapter 14:  Internet Directory Services) SB
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231 2400 31 (F) SB
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262 2410 71 (OR ) SB
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333 2400 42 (M) SB
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375 2410 98 (ORE ) SB
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473 2400 14 (I) SB
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487 2410 281 (NFORMATION ) SB
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768 2400 39 (O) SB
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807 2410 40 (N ) SB
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847 2400 195 (TELNET) SB
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231 2558 1027 (Technical Descriptions of the TELNET protocol) SB
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231 2672 1905 (Douglas E. Comer. 1991. "Internetworking with TCP/IP." Vol. 1.  Prentice-Hall, Inc.  Chapter 22: Applications:) SB
231 2722 1810 (Remote Login \(TELNET, RLOGIN\), contains a relatively accessible discussion of the technical aspects of) SB
231 2772 171 (TELNET.) SB
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1813 2976 368 (Chapter 5: TELNET) SB
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231 287 1936 (Authoritative sources for technical information about TELNET \(and most anything else about the Internet\) can be) SB
231 337 900 (found in "RFC" \(Request for Comments\) documents.) SB
231 437 863 (Here's a partial list of relevant RFC's on TELNET:) SB
381 537 759 (RFC 854: "TELNET Protocol Specification") SB
381 587 759 (RFC 764: "TELNET Protocol Specification") SB
381 637 749 (RFC 855: "TELNET Option Specifications") SB
381 687 1111 (RFC 856 - RFC 861: Many other TELNET options specifications) SB
231 787 1856 (Although RFC's are available from many other sources on the Internet, here are instructions on how to obtain) SB
231 837 754 (RFC's from two definitive RFC repositories:) SB
231 937 210 (1.  Via FTP:) SB
381 1037 190 (FTP Hosts:) SB
681 1037 174 (nis.nsf.net) SB
381 1087 165 (directory:) SB
681 1087 47 (rfc) SB
381 1137 85 (files:) SB
681 1137 166 (rfcxxx.txt) SB
1131 1137 537 (\(where xxx is the RFC number\)) SB
231 1237 1259 (2.  Via electronic mail messages to nic.ddn.mil's automated "mail server":) SB
381 1337 76 (mail) SB
681 1337 353 (service@nic.ddn.mil) SB
381 1387 132 (subject:) SB
681 1387 121 (rfc xxx) SB
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231 1534 1448 (Information On TCP/IP Packages for PCs Which Include TELNET) SB
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231 1648 1850 ("Network Protocol Implementations and Vendors Guide" is a 300+ page description of TCP/IP hardware and) SB
231 1698 1527 (software available at no charge via FTP and electronic mail, or for purchase by land mail:) SB
381 1798 174 (FTP Host:) SB
681 1798 194 (nic.ddn.mil) SB
381 1848 165 (directory:) SB
681 1848 120 (netinfo) SB
381 1898 69 (file:) SB
681 1898 313 (vendors-guide.doc) SB
381 1998 121 (e-mail:) SB
681 1998 440 (mail service@nic.ddn.mil) SB
381 2048 132 (subject:) SB
681 2048 241 (\(none needed\)) SB
381 2148 88 (mail:) SB
681 2148 900 (DDN Network Information Center, SRI International) SB
681 2198 674 (333 Ravenswood Avenue, Room EJ291) SB
681 2248 394 (Menlo Park, CA 94025) SB
1431 2248 531 (\($45 if ordered by postal mail.\)) SB
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1813 2976 368 (Chapter 5: TELNET) SB
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436 339 1539 (Chapter 6: "Archie": The FTP Archive Guru) SB
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231 576 47 (W) SB
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385 586 38 (S ) SB
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423 576 36 (A) SB
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459 586 125 (RCHIE) SB
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584 576 31 (?) SB
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231 687 1915 (Archie is a computer program which maintains a constantly updated catalog of the contents of a large proportion) SB
231 737 1901 (of the world's anonymous FTP archives.  Archie is rapidly becoming one of the more useful computer resources) SB
231 787 1079 (on the Internet.  It's well worth your time to learn how to use it.) SB
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231 934 47 (W) SB
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371 934 14 (I) SB
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385 944 38 (S ) SB
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459 944 136 (RCHIE ) SB
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595 934 36 (U) SB
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631 944 94 (SED ) SB
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725 934 31 (F) SB
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756 944 60 (OR) SB
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816 934 31 (?) SB
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231 1045 1902 (There are thousands of computers on the Internet which offer anonymous FTP services.  Once you know how to) SB
231 1095 1845 (use FTP, you are faced with some challenging tasks.  How do you find out which FTP site has the file you're) SB
231 1145 1887 (looking for?  For that matter, how can you find out which FTP site has the most up-to-date version of whatever) SB
231 1195 391 (file you're looking for?) SB
231 1295 1832 (To keep track of the contents of these services before Archie, you either had to be an FTP archive guru who) SB
231 1345 1546 (stayed awake all night prowling through the Internet, or else be lucky enough to know one.) SB
231 1445 1750 (Archie is an FTP guru for everyone on the Internet.  Archie is ready and able to answer your questions.) SB
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231 1592 36 (H) SB
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267 1602 80 (OW ) SB
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347 1592 36 (D) SB
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383 1602 96 (OES ) SB
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479 1592 36 (A) SB
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515 1602 136 (RCHIE ) SB
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651 1592 36 (D) SB
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687 1602 42 (O ) SB
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729 1592 14 (I) SB
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743 1602 24 (T) SB
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767 1592 48 (?!) SB
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231 1703 840 (There are two major parts of the Archie program:) SB
381 1803 21 (o) SB
456 1803 1689 (The first part of the Archie program is responsible for monitoring the contents of FTP archive sites.) SB
456 1853 570 (Each month, the Archie program:) SB
531 1953 21 (o) SB
606 1953 1201 (does an anonymous FTP to all sites contained in its master list of sites,) SB
531 2028 21 (o) SB
606 2028 819 (requests a directory listing of their contents, and) SB
531 2103 21 (o) SB
606 2103 948 (updates master catalogs of the holdings of all FTP sites.) SB
381 2178 21 (o) SB
456 2178 1688 (The second part of the Archie program \(the part you'll use\) allows you to search through the master) SB
456 2228 1574 (list of FTP files, just like you might use a library catalog to find a book on a particular topic.) SB
231 2328 1948 (Archie's output includes the Internet domain name of the FTP host, the directory in which a file is located, the size) SB
231 2378 1859 (of the file in bytes, and the date on which the file was placed in that FTP host.  Once you've gotten this list of) SB
231 2428 1922 (possible sources from Archie, you FTP to a site which has what you need, go to the subdirectory in which Archie) SB
231 2478 1080 (says the file is located, and copy the file to your own computer.) SB
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231 2625 47 (W) SB
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278 2635 93 (HAT ) SB
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371 2625 36 (K) SB
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407 2635 173 (INDS OF ) SB
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580 2625 39 (Q) SB
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619 2635 216 (UESTIONS ) SB
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835 2625 36 (C) SB
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871 2635 69 (AN ) SB
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940 2625 36 (A) SB
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976 2635 136 (RCHIE ) SB
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1112 2625 36 (A) SB
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1148 2635 150 (NSWER) SB
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1298 2625 31 (?) SB
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231 2736 883 (Archie can currently answer two kinds of questions:) SB
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1533 2976 648 (Chapter 6: "Archie": The FTP Guru) SB
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381 287 21 (o) SB
456 287 1707 (Is there a file containing a particular set of characters in its filename on an FTP host somewhere?  In) SB
456 337 1264 (the rest of this chapter, this will be referred to as a FILENAME SEARCH.) SB
381 437 21 (o) SB
456 437 1383 (Is there a file dealing with a certain subject which has been cataloged by subject?) SB
231 537 1773 (You can search the "PD \(or Public Domain\) Software Description Database," which contains descriptive) SB
231 587 1884 (information about the actual contents of a small subset of the files known to Archie. This will be called a FILE) SB
231 637 406 (CONTENTS SEARCH.) SB
231 737 1908 (It's incredibly useful that Archie is set up to perform file contents searches.  You'd be amazed at the obscurity of) SB
231 787 1050 (the filenames which some people give their programs or files.) SB
231 887 1912 (Just as a hypothetical example, you might think that a "Computer Aided Design" program would have the letters) SB
231 937 1760 ("CAD" somewhere it it's name; but more often than you'd like, a CAD program might have a name like) SB
231 987 1930 ("TLZWYQXP.DTU".  In such a case, you just have to hope that the author\(s\) of this program had the foresight to) SB
231 1037 1441 (send a message to the Archie folks saying that "TLZWWQXP" was a CAD program.) SB
231 1137 1941 (To get you started, try one of the following sample sessions with Archie in which you'll search for files containing) SB
231 1187 1551 (information about NorthWestNet, using both FILENAME and FILE CONTENTS searches.) SB
231 1287 1901 (Once you've gone through one of these examples, you'll have the skills you need to go ahead and use Archie for) SB
231 1337 841 (whatever kind of search you might want to make.) SB
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231 1484 36 (H) SB
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347 1484 36 (D) SB
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383 1494 42 (O ) SB
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425 1484 33 (Y) SB
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458 1494 71 (OU ) SB
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529 1484 36 (U) SB
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565 1494 65 (SE ) SB
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630 1484 36 (A) SB
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666 1494 125 (RCHIE) SB
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791 1484 31 (?) SB
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231 1642 305 (Archie Syntax) SB
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231 1756 1321 (The basic search command of Archie is "prog".  Entering the command string) SB
381 1856 248 (prog textstring) SB
231 1956 1179 (will find all files that contain the word "textstring" in their filenames.) SB
231 2056 1893 (A full explanation of Archie syntax can be gotten with the "help" command in either of the two access methods) SB
231 2106 287 (described below.) SB
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231 2253 378 (Archie By E-Mail) SB
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231 2367 1730 (You can use Archie by e-mail.  First time users should request a help file with the following message:) SB
381 2467 88 (mail:) SB
681 2467 416 (archie@archie.mcgill.ca) SB
381 2517 132 (subject:) SB
681 2517 73 (help) SB
231 2617 1942 (If you are accessing Archie by mail, you can put Archie search requests, one per line, in the body of your message) SB
231 2667 1897 (\(Archie will also read requests placed in the subject line\).  For example, entering the following command string) SB
381 2767 88 (mail:) SB
531 2767 416 (archie@archie.mcgill.ca) SB
381 2817 132 (subject:) SB
531 2817 241 (\(none needed\)) SB
531 2867 245 (prog gateways) SB
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1533 2976 648 (Chapter 6: "Archie": The FTP Guru) SB
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531 287 191 (prog nwnet) SB
231 387 1855 (will search for files containing the words "gateways" or "nwnet" in their filenames.  Note that a subject is not) SB
231 437 131 (needed.) SB
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231 584 429 (Archie By TELNET) SB
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231 698 966 (Here are the steps for accessing Archie over the Internet:) SB
231 798 1936 (Step 1.  Use TELNET to access a remote Archie server.  If you don't have access to TELNET or if you're not sure) SB
231 848 1927 (how to use TELNET, be sure to read Chapter 5 of NUSIRG, or ask your instructor or you local user services staff) SB
231 898 1899 (for help.  However, if you do wish to use TELNET to access Archie, here are the domain name addresses of the) SB
231 948 844 (computers which support public access to Archie.) SB
381 1048 21 (o) SB
456 1048 1321 (If you're in North or South America, TELNET to the Archie host nearest you:) SB
531 1148 234 (archie.ans.net) SB
981 1148 309 (\(New York, USA\)) SB
531 1198 273 (archie.mcgill.ca) SB
981 1198 332 (\(Montreal, Canada\)) SB
531 1248 304 (archie.rutgers.edu) SB
981 1248 328 (\(New Jersey, USA\)) SB
531 1298 248 (archie.sura.net) SB
981 1298 297 (\(Maryland, USA\)) SB
531 1348 241 (archie.unl.edu) SB
981 1348 292 (\(Nebraska, USA\)) SB
381 1448 21 (o) SB
456 1448 836 (If you're in Eurasia or Africa, TELNET to either:) SB
531 1548 320 (archie.doc.ic.ac.uk) SB
981 1548 313 (\(United Kingdom\)) SB
456 1598 35 (or) SB
531 1598 187 (nic.funet.fi) SB
981 1598 157 (\(Finland\)) SB
381 1698 21 (o) SB
456 1698 1036 (If you're in Australia, New Zealand or Oceania, TELNET to:) SB
531 1798 155 (archie.au) SB
981 1798 183 (\(Australia\)) SB
231 1898 1902 (Step 2.  Use the login name "archie".  No password is required.  You should see a short help screen giving some) SB
231 1948 1838 (basic help explaining how to use the system.  You may also see information about recent changes to Archie.) SB
231 2048 1398 (You can get additional help about Archie at any time during your session.  Typing) SB
381 2148 73 (help) SB
231 2248 1936 (will give you a list of currently valid commands.  To obtain help on a particular command from the displayed list,) SB
231 2298 1607 (just type help and the command-name.  For example, to get help on the "prog" command, type) SB
381 2398 161 (help prog) SB
231 2498 1842 (Step 3.  Now you're ready to do a FILENAME SEARCH for all documents in the Archie file catalog for any) SB
231 2548 1855 (document containing the text string "nwnet" in its filename, regardless of whether the filename is upper case,) SB
231 2598 1385 (lower case, or any mixture of upper and lower case. All you need to do is to type:) SB
381 2698 191 (prog nwnet) SB
231 2798 1928 (While Archie is searching, it will display the percentage of filename databases it has searched, and the number of) SB
231 2848 788 (occurrences of the string "nwnet" it has found.) SB
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1533 2976 648 (Chapter 6: "Archie": The FTP Guru) SB
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231 287 1875 (If a search seems to be taking a very long time, or resulting in hundreds of possibly spurious "hits," or positive) SB
231 337 1925 (locations of the character string, you can stop Archie by pressing "control c" \(press the "control" key - sometimes) SB
231 387 811 (labelled "ctrl"  and the "c" key simultaneously\).) SB
231 487 940 (Step 4.  When Archie is done searching, it will display:) SB
381 587 21 (o) SB
456 587 827 (the files whose names contain the string "nwnet") SB
381 637 21 (o) SB
456 637 811 (in which FTP hosts these files can be found and) SB
381 687 21 (o) SB
456 687 808 (the subdirectory path in which they are located.) SB
231 787 1833 (Step 5.  If you want to e-mail a copy of the results of this search back to your own Internet user-id, just type) SB
381 887 751 (mail YourUserId@your.full.internet.address) SB
231 987 1921 (This means that you can look at the results of your searches at your leisure.  This is an especially good idea since) SB
231 1037 1846 (it means you can logout of Archie as soon as you're done.  This will make a connection available for another) SB
231 1087 1900 (person to login to Archie.  Remember, Archie, like most Internet resources, has a limited number of users it can) SB
231 1137 1600 (serve at once!  The more quickly AND efficiently you use it, the more other people can use it.) SB
231 1237 1103 (Step 6.  Now try a quick FILE CONTENTS SEARCH. Just type:) SB
381 1337 224 (whatis nwnet) SB
231 1437 1892 (All lines in the "PD Software Description Database" which contain the string "nwnet" will be displayed. Again,) SB
231 1487 441 (you can use the command) SB
381 1587 751 (mail YourUserId@your.full.internet.address) SB
231 1687 1001 (to have the results of this search sent back to your account.) SB
231 1787 826 (Step 7.  To end your Archie session, simply type) SB
381 1887 66 (quit) SB
231 1987 1877 (Step 8. Any search results you mailed back to your userid should be sent to you as incoming mail within a few) SB
231 2037 145 (minutes.) SB
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231 2184 31 (T) SB
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262 2194 138 (HINGS ) SB
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400 2184 31 (T) SB
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431 2194 42 (O ) SB
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473 2184 36 (K) SB
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509 2194 92 (EEP ) SB
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601 2184 14 (I) SB
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615 2194 40 (N ) SB
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655 2184 42 (M) SB
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697 2194 80 (IND ) SB
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777 2184 36 (B) SB
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813 2194 149 (EFORE ) SB
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962 2184 33 (Y) SB
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995 2194 71 (OU ) SB
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1066 2184 36 (U) SB
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1102 2194 65 (SE ) SB
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1167 2184 36 (A) SB
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1203 2194 125 (RCHIE) SB
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231 2295 1852 (Archie currently keeps track of more than 800 FTP hosts, containing more than 1,000,000 files.  If you're not) SB
231 2345 1921 (careful, you could easily generate thousands of "hits" that are not really meaningful answers to your inquiry.  For) SB
231 2395 1074 (example, "prog doc" would not be a very useful search request.) SB
231 2495 1920 (Think about your search very carefully before you TELNET to Archie.  Learn to take full advantage of the many) SB
231 2545 1176 (search options described in the Archie manual to restrict your search.) SB
231 2645 1831 (There are many more features to Archie than can be described in this brief introduction.  So, before you use) SB
231 2695 1915 (Archie for real searches, be sure to use the "help" command, and to read the most current Archie documentation.) SB
231 2795 1893 (Anything written about Archie \(or any other Internet resource\) may be out-of-date a few days after it is written.) SB
231 2845 1848 (When you TELNET to Archie, and before you start your search, read the news messages that appear on your) SB
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1533 2976 648 (Chapter 6: "Archie": The FTP Guru) SB
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231 287 1939 (screen. The developers of Archie may have just made some major breakthrough in their program which will make) SB
231 337 1368 (using it even easier to use, but hasn't even been written up in the Archie manual.) SB
231 437 1920 (Best of all, Archie \(and most other Internet resources\), will change in response to your suggestions.  Once you've) SB
231 487 1916 (used Archie, the developers of Archie would appreciate your feedback and comments to make Archie even more) SB
231 537 1829 (useful.  Send comments, bug reports, contributions to the database file, reports of anonymous FTP sites that) SB
231 587 1400 (Archie doesn't seem to maintain \(or even much deserved notes of appreciation\) to:) SB
381 687 373 (archie-l@cs.mcgill.ca) SB
231 787 929 (The Archie program was written and is maintained by:) SB
381 887 597 (Alan Emtage \(bajan@cs.mcgill.ca\)) SB
381 937 618 (Bill Heelan \(wheelan@cs.mcgill.ca\)) SB
231 1037 912 (Ideas and inspiration were \(and still are!\) provided by) SB
381 1137 624 (Peter Deutsch \(peterd@cs.mcgill.ca\)) SB
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231 1284 31 (F) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
262 1294 71 (OR ) SB
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333 1284 42 (M) SB
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375 1294 98 (ORE ) SB
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473 1284 14 (I) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
487 1294 281 (NFORMATION ) SB
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768 1284 36 (A) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
804 1294 124 (BOUT ) SB
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928 1284 36 (A) SB
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964 1294 125 (RCHIE) SB
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231 1395 1927 (The best source of up-to-date information about Archie are the login messages you see when you login to Archie.) SB
231 1445 1910 (For updates, and new features, and files in the FTP host maintained by Archie's developers, access the following) SB
231 1495 159 (resources) SB
381 1595 165 (FTP host:) SB
681 1595 328 (quiche.cs.mcgill.ca) SB
381 1645 165 (directory:) SB
681 1645 177 (archie/doc) SB
381 1695 161 (filename:) SB
681 1695 225 (whatis.archie) SB
981 1695 262 (\(brief overview) SB
681 1745 244 (archie.man.txt) SB
981 1745 374 (\(ASCII archie manual) SB
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1533 2976 648 (Chapter 6: "Archie": The FTP Guru) SB
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390 289 1632 (SECTION 3: COMMUNICATING WITH PEOPLE) SB
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456 479 461 (Chapter 7: Using USENET) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
924 479 352 (................................) SB
1276 479 352 (................................) SB
1628 479 352 (................................) SB
1980 479 44 (....) SB
2031 479 42 (71) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
606 529 322 (What is USENET?) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
935 529 352 (................................) SB
1287 529 352 (................................) SB
1639 529 352 (................................) SB
1991 529 33 (...) SB
2031 529 42 (71) SB
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606 579 654 (USENET Also Contains Local Groups) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
1265 579 352 (................................) SB
1617 579 352 (................................) SB
1969 579 55 (.....) SB
2031 579 42 (73) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
606 629 650 (A Quick Overview of Using USENET) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
1265 629 352 (................................) SB
1617 629 352 (................................) SB
1969 629 55 (.....) SB
2031 629 42 (74) SB
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606 679 661 (For More Information About USENET) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
1276 679 352 (................................) SB
1628 679 352 (................................) SB
1980 679 44 (....) SB
2031 679 42 (83) SB
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606 729 1259 (Addendum 1: USENET Newsreading Software Packages And Source Info) SB
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1870 729 154 (..............) SB
2031 729 42 (84) SB
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456 829 673 (Chapter 8: LISTSERV Discussion Lists) SB
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1133 829 352 (................................) SB
1485 829 352 (................................) SB
1837 829 187 (.................) SB
2031 829 42 (87) SB
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606 879 359 (What Is LISTSERV?) SB
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968 879 352 (................................) SB
1320 879 352 (................................) SB
1672 879 352 (................................) SB
2031 879 42 (87) SB
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606 929 672 (What Is A LISTSERV Discussion List?) SB
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1287 929 352 (................................) SB
1639 929 352 (................................) SB
1991 929 33 (...) SB
2031 929 42 (87) SB
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606 979 433 (What Is A LISTSERVer?) SB
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1045 979 352 (................................) SB
1397 979 352 (................................) SB
1749 979 275 (.........................) SB
2031 979 42 (87) SB
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606 1029 511 (How Does LISTSERV Work?) SB
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1122 1029 352 (................................) SB
1474 1029 352 (................................) SB
1826 1029 198 (..................) SB
2031 1029 42 (87) SB
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606 1079 1108 (A Short Summary of How To Use LISTSERV From The Internet) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
1716 1079 308 (............................) SB
2031 1079 42 (88) SB
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606 1129 775 (A Summary Of Basic LISTSERV Commands) SB
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1386 1129 352 (................................) SB
1738 1129 286 (..........................) SB
2031 1129 42 (89) SB
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606 1179 952 (What Everyone Should Know Before Using LISTSERV) SB
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1562 1179 352 (................................) SB
1914 1179 110 (..........) SB
2031 1179 42 (90) SB
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606 1229 696 (For More Information About LISTSERV) SB
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1309 1229 352 (................................) SB
1661 1229 352 (................................) SB
2013 1229 11 (.) SB
2031 1229 42 (91) SB
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306 1476 216 (USENET ) SB
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522 1486 98 (AND ) SB
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620 1476 244 (LISTSERV) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 39 /Times-Italic /font39 ANSIFont font
531 1684 1301 (If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange these apples then) SB
531 1734 1339 (you and I will still each have one apple.  But if you have an idea and I have an) SB
531 1784 1201 (idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas.) SB
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1206 1887 375 (George Bernard Shaw) SB
306 2037 1795 (This section introduces you to two of the most widely used forums for communication between people on) SB
306 2087 1234 (the Internet: USENET discussion groups and BITNET LISTSERV Lists.) SB
306 2187 1699 (Both USENET and LISTSERV groups are organized by topics, so you can find a group whose topic) SB
306 2237 1677 (interests you and immediately "meet" people around the world who are communicating about your) SB
306 2287 152 (interests.) SB
306 2387 1748 (These services are like the cafes, village greens, and other meeting places in a global community filled) SB
306 2437 1547 (with people sharing ideas, news, opinions, and just plain conversation.  Feel free to join in!) SB
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1392 2976 714 (Section 3: Communicating with People) SB
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742 289 927 (Chapter 7: Using USENET) SB
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231 526 47 (W) SB
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278 536 142 (HAT IS ) SB
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420 526 233 (USENET?) SB
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231 637 1916 (USENET is a service of the Internet which allows you to participate in discussions on many different topics with) SB
231 687 492 (people throughout the world.) SB
231 787 532 (More specifically, USENET is:) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 892 32 (o) SB
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456 888 1704 (a collection of hundreds of "newsgroups" covering everything from supercomputer design to bungee) SB
456 938 239 (cord jumping;) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 993 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 989 985 (a forum for discussions, questions and answers, and news.) SB
231 1089 1922 (USENET is used daily by many thousands of people on computers worldwide.  USENET is also a systems which) SB
231 1139 1932 (evolves in response to its user's needs.  Every month, new USENET groups are created in response to the votes of) SB
231 1189 1819 (USENET users.  And most importantly, if you use it well, USENET can be highly educational - and highly) SB
231 1239 214 (entertaining.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1386 723 (What Are USENET Newsgroups?) SB
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231 1500 1905 (USENET discussion takes place in hundreds of USENET newsgroups, each dealing with a particular topic.  The) SB
231 1550 1807 (term "USENET newsgroups" might suggest that USENET is mainly concerned with "news," but USENET) SB
231 1600 1748 (newsgroups \(or "groups"\) are also forums for information, discussions, debates, questions, and answers) SB
1979 1600 11 (.) SB
231 1700 1858 (Each USENET group is comprised of articles \(or "postings"\) which are submitted \(or "posted"\) by users from) SB
231 1750 1936 (throughout the world.  For those of you already familiar with electronic bulletin boards, USENET groups are very) SB
231 1800 1486 (similar to bulletin board rooms, special interest groups, conference rooms, and so forth.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1947 1337 (How Are USENET Articles Distributed Through the Internet?) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2061 1880 (The basic purpose of USENET is similar to that of LISTSERVers described in Chapter 8: to allow people with) SB
231 2111 1898 (shared interests to communicate quickly and easily.  However, information is distributed very differently by the) SB
231 2161 218 (two systems.) SB
231 2261 1931 (Every person subscribed to a LISTSERV group receives a copy of every file sent to the group.  Because you have) SB
231 2311 1894 (to handle every LISTSERV file individually as it is sent to you, the number of LISTSERV groups to which you) SB
231 2361 411 (can subscribe is limited.) SB
231 2461 1842 (In USENET, each subscribing Internet site receives as single copy of each article via a "USENET news feed) SB
2073 2461 28 (.") SB
231 2511 1709 (These news feeds are handled by Internet software called Network News Transfer Protocol or NNTP) SB
1940 2511 224 (.  The tens of) SB
231 2561 1907 (thousands of USENET files which accumulate each week are stored on one mainframe, workstation, or personal) SB
231 2611 1844 (computer at your site.  Even if there are 1,000 people want to read a given article, only one copy needs to be) SB
231 2661 1391 (stored.  This system is much more resource efficient than 1,000 individual copies.) SB
231 2761 1929 (An even more efficient method of distributing USENET articles has been developed which allows a single NNTP) SB
231 2811 1926 (news feed machine to be accessed by many other computers.   This new method is of special interest to sites with) SB
231 2861 1935 (limited computer resources, such as an elementary school with a few personal computers and modems.  You don't) SB
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1686 2976 495 (Chapter 7: Using USENET) SB
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231 287 1937 (have to have a machine at your site to store the tens of thousands of USENET articles you might not want to read.) SB
231 337 1601 (Only articles you are interested in are displayed on your screen from the remote NNTP server.) SB
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231 484 941 (How Are USENET Newsgroups Organized?) SB
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231 598 1907 (Each USENET newsgroup has a distinct name which describes the discussion carried out in the group.  Here are) SB
231 648 1920 (the names of a few of the many hundreds of USENET newsgroup names to give you a sense both of the diversity) SB
231 698 1019 (of topics, and how USENET groups names are put together:) SB
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381 798 283 (alt.usage.english) SB
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1281 798 426 (news.announce.newusers) SB
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381 848 323 (bionet.agroforestry) SB
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381 948 306 (bit.listserv.history) SB
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381 998 312 (bit.listserv.travel-l) SB
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381 1048 304 (biz.comp.services) SB
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381 1098 348 (biz.dec.workstations) SB
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gs 899 50 1259 1095 CB
1281 1098 143 (sci.math) SB
gr
gs 899 50 359 1145 CB
381 1148 355 (comp.sources.apple2) SB
gr
gs 899 50 1259 1145 CB
1281 1148 344 (soc.college.gradinfo) SB
gr
gs 899 50 359 1195 CB
381 1198 350 (comp.unix.questions) SB
gr
gs 899 50 1259 1195 CB
1281 1198 304 (soc.culture.nordic) SB
gr
gs 899 50 359 1245 CB
381 1248 345 (k12.chat.elementary) SB
gr
gs 899 50 1259 1245 CB
1281 1248 290 (talk.politics.guns) SB
gr
gs 899 50 359 1295 CB
381 1298 292 (k12.lang.francais) SB
gr
gs 899 50 1259 1295 CB
1281 1298 194 (talk.rumors) SB
gr
gs 899 50 359 1345 CB
381 1348 294 (misc.jobs.offered) SB
gr
gs 899 50 1259 1345 CB
1281 1348 187 (uw.general) SB
gr
gs 899 100 359 1395 CB
381 1398 171 (misc.rural) SB
gr
gs 899 100 1259 1395 CB
1281 1398 132 (uw.jobs) SB
gr
231 1498 1859 (All USENET newsgroup names are made up of abbreviations separated by periods, arranged in a hierarchical) SB
231 1548 1941 (fashion.  The first part of the name is a major category, and the second \(and sometimes third, fourth, or even fifth\)) SB
231 1598 1261 (part\(s\) give increasingly more detail about the topic covered by the group.) SB
231 1698 1919 (For example, "k12.chat.elementary" is a group in the hierarchy created for kindergarten through 12th grade users) SB
231 1748 1451 (\(k12\) oriented towards casual discussion \(or chat\) among elementary school students.) SB
231 1848 1930 (There are only a few first level categories, within which may be hundreds of specific newsgroups.  Here's a list of) SB
231 1898 1658 (the general topics covered by the some of the most commonly encountered main level categories:) SB
gs 449 50 359 1995 CB
381 1998 43 (alt) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 1995 CB
831 1998 697 (a hierarchy for tentative  or controversial) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 2045 CB
831 2048 685 (groups; not carried by all USENET sites) SB
gr
gs 449 50 359 2095 CB
381 2098 106 (bionet) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 2095 CB
831 2098 676 (a hierarchy for biology oriented groups,) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 2145 CB
831 2148 702 (primarily intended for research biologists) SB
gr
gs 449 50 359 2195 CB
381 2198 178 (bit.listserv) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 2195 CB
831 2198 729 (LISTSERV groups distributed to USENET) SB
gr
gs 449 50 359 2245 CB
381 2248 52 (biz) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 2245 CB
831 2248 679 (Business / corporate oriented discussion) SB
gr
gs 449 50 359 2295 CB
381 2298 94 (comp) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 2295 CB
831 2298 444 (Computer oriented groups) SB
gr
gs 449 50 359 2345 CB
381 2348 63 (k12) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 2345 CB
831 2348 697 (Kindergarten through high school groups) SB
gr
gs 449 50 359 2395 CB
381 2398 80 (misc) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 2395 CB
831 2398 705 (Groups not easily fit into other categories) SB
gr
gs 449 50 359 2445 CB
381 2448 86 (news) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 2445 CB
831 2448 686 (Groups devoted to news about USENET) SB
gr
gs 449 50 359 2495 CB
381 2498 52 (rec) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 2495 CB
831 2498 621 (Recreation or hobby oriented groups) SB
gr
gs 449 50 359 2545 CB
381 2548 47 (sci) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 2545 CB
831 2548 407 (Science oriented groups) SB
gr
gs 449 50 359 2595 CB
381 2598 56 (soc) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 2595 CB
831 2598 723 (Groups oriented to discussion of particular) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 2645 CB
831 2648 715 (cultures or social groups around the world) SB
gr
gs 449 50 359 2695 CB
381 2698 64 (talk) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 2695 CB
831 2698 922 (Groups for free form discussions which often focus on) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 2745 CB
831 2748 870 (controversial topics \(e.g., abortion, nuclear energy\)) SB
gr
gs 449 50 359 2795 CB
381 2798 178 (pnw & uw) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 2795 CB
831 2798 967 (examples of regional USENET hierarchies which will be) SB
gr
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gs 1199 100 809 284 CB
831 287 527 (explained in more detail below) SB
gr
231 387 1799 (Consider five hypothetical groups dealing with politics in the United States, each in a different main level) SB
231 437 172 (hierarchy:) SB
381 537 236 (biz.us.politics) SB
381 587 247 (k12.us.politics) SB
381 637 233 (sci.poli-sci.us) SB
381 687 240 (soc.us.politics) SB
381 737 248 (talk.us.politics) SB
231 837 1892 (The articles within each of these U.S. politics groups are likely to have very different emphases, which helps to) SB
231 887 673 (serve the diversity of USENET readers.) SB
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231 1034 252 (USENET A) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
483 1044 93 (LSO ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
576 1034 36 (C) SB
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612 1044 191 (ONTAINS ) SB
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803 1034 31 (L) SB
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834 1044 124 (OCAL ) SB
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958 1034 39 (G) SB
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997 1044 143 (ROUPS) SB
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231 1145 1897 (Although most of USENET is a global community, it is also set up to address the needs and interests of users in) SB
231 1195 192 (local areas.) SB
231 1295 1288 (As mentioned above, "pnw" and "uw" are examples of "regional hierarchies) SB
1519 1295 655 (."  These hierarchies contain groups of) SB
231 1345 1805 (interest to users in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, and to the University of Washington,) SB
231 1395 1938 (respectively.  Such regional hierarchies have been set up for many other parts of the world for discussions of local) SB
231 1445 136 (interest.) SB
231 1545 1696 (Here are some examples of other regional hierarchies to give you an idea of how this system works:) SB
gs 599 50 359 1642 CB
381 1645 190 (Institutions) SB
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gs 299 50 959 1642 CB
981 1645 51 (uw) SB
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gs 599 50 1259 1642 CB
1281 1645 356 (Univ. of Washington) SB
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gs 299 50 959 1692 CB
981 1695 71 (yale) SB
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gs 599 50 1259 1692 CB
1281 1695 269 (Yale University) SB
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gs 599 50 359 1742 CB
381 1745 99 (Cities) SB
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gs 299 50 959 1742 CB
981 1745 63 (pdx) SB
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gs 599 50 1259 1742 CB
1281 1745 143 (Portland) SB
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gs 299 50 959 1792 CB
981 1795 47 (tor) SB
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gs 599 50 1259 1792 CB
1281 1795 136 (Toronto) SB
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gs 599 50 359 1842 CB
381 1845 322 (States or provinces) SB
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gs 299 50 959 1842 CB
981 1845 40 (ab) SB
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gs 599 50 1259 1842 CB
1281 1845 127 (Alberta) SB
gr
gs 299 50 959 1892 CB
981 1895 35 (or) SB
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gs 599 50 1259 1892 CB
1281 1895 126 (Oregon) SB
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gs 599 50 359 1942 CB
381 1945 138 (Regions) SB
gr
gs 299 50 959 1942 CB
981 1945 72 (pnw) SB
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gs 599 50 1259 1942 CB
1281 1945 304 (Pacific Northwest) SB
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gs 299 50 959 1992 CB
981 1995 40 (ne) SB
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gs 599 50 1259 1992 CB
1281 1995 231 (New England) SB
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gs 599 50 359 2042 CB
381 2045 164 (Countries) SB
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gs 299 50 959 2042 CB
981 2045 66 (fnet) SB
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gs 599 50 1259 2042 CB
1281 2045 115 (France) SB
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gs 299 50 959 2092 CB
981 2095 40 (nz) SB
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gs 599 50 1259 2092 CB
1281 2095 227 (New Zealand) SB
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gs 599 50 359 2142 CB
381 2145 183 (Continents) SB
gr
gs 299 50 959 2142 CB
981 2145 92 (eunet) SB
gr
gs 599 50 1259 2142 CB
1281 2145 122 (Europe) SB
gr
gs 299 100 959 2192 CB
981 2195 40 (na) SB
gr
gs 599 100 1259 2192 CB
1281 2195 255 (North America) SB
gr
231 2295 1944 (Regional newsgroups usually deal with topics that probably wouldn't interest users elsewhere in the world, such as) SB
231 2345 1939 (where Yale's MacIntosh Users Group will meet next week,  or why zucchini has suddenly become so expensive in) SB
231 2395 1879 (Alberta.  So don't feel like you're missing much, there are hundreds of globally distributed newsgroups to keep) SB
231 2445 164 (you busy.) SB
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231 334 89 (A Q) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
320 344 109 (UICK ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
429 334 39 (O) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
468 344 263 (VERVIEW OF ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
731 334 36 (U) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
767 344 109 (SING ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
876 334 202 (USENET) SB
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231 492 873 (What You Should NOT Do On USENET) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 606 1881 (Although USENET probably would be best described as a quasi-democratic anarchy, there are a few explicitly) SB
231 656 341 (forbidden activities:) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 761 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 757 1630 (Do Not Violate Copyright Or Any Other US or International Laws.  Feel free to reproduce short) SB
456 807 1713 (extracts of a copyrighted work for critical purposes in your postings, but reproduction of copyrighted) SB
456 857 1679 (works in whole or substantial part is forbidden by US and international copyright law.  Respect the) SB
456 907 1687 (hard work of copyrighted authors.  Similarly, engaging in or communicating about illegal activities) SB
456 957 1377 (on USENET is forbidden, and could endanger you and your site's USENET feed.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1062 32 (o) SB
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456 1058 1585 (USENET Is Not For Commercial Communication.  This does not mean that you can't discuss) SB
456 1108 1672 (commercial products on USENET.  In fact, objective descriptions and comparisons of commercial) SB
456 1158 1670 (computer products is a very useful USENET activity.  But, if you represent a company, don't even) SB
456 1208 1657 (think of posting commercial advertisements on USENET.  At the very least, you will probably be) SB
456 1258 1653 (flooded by complaints from outraged USENET users, and at the worst, your company's USENET) SB
456 1308 446 (feed could be endangered.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1455 668 (Getting Started With USENET) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1569 1944 (To read USENET articles, you use "newsreader software."  So, the first thing you need to do before getting started) SB
231 1619 342 (with USENET is to:) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1719 1102 (Find out if you have newsreader software on your computer) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1823 1943 (As you can see in addendum 1, there are many newsreader packages for both mainframes and personal computers.) SB
231 1873 1778 (If you already know the name of your newsreader software, skip ahead to "A Typical USENET session.") SB
231 1973 1950 (If you're not sure of the name or even the existence of newsreader software on your computer, you should ask your) SB
231 2023 1931 (local users services staff or instructor for help.  Or, if you're inquisitive, and like to do things on your own, try the) SB
231 2073 270 (following steps.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2178 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2174 1639 (If you're using a mainframe computer connected to the Internet, try using your local help system) SB
456 2224 1706 (\(e.g., "help" or "man"\) to determine if one of the newsreading software packages listed in addendum) SB
456 2274 1671 (1 is installed on your system.  For example, on a VMS system, you might try "help vnews" or on a) SB
456 2324 575 (UNIX machine try "man k news".) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2429 32 (o) SB
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456 2425 1655 (If you are working from a personal computer such as a Mac or an IBM PC, you might have a PC-) SB
456 2475 1647 (based news reader installed which accesses USENET through a modem.  Again, try the "help" or) SB
456 2525 787 ("find" command appropriate to your computer) SB
1243 2525 11 (.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2630 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2626 1666 (If you can't find one of the programs listed in addendum 1, one of them might be installed under a) SB
456 2676 1608 (different name on your computer or you might have a newsreader we haven't listed.  But, most) SB
456 2726 1707 (probably, a USENET newsreader is not yet installed on your system.  If so, the person administering) SB
456 2776 1214 (you machine might be willing and able to install newsreading software.) SB
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1686 2976 495 (Chapter 7: Using USENET) SB
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231 287 503 (A typical USENET session) SB
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231 391 1874 (Regardless of which newsreading software you use,  a typical USENET session usually involves the following) SB
231 441 96 (steps:) SB
gs 299 50 359 538 CB
381 541 107 (Step 1) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 659 538 CB
681 541 513 (Start the newsreader software.) SB
gr
gs 299 50 359 588 CB
381 591 107 (Step 2) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 659 588 CB
681 591 340 (Select a newsgroup.) SB
gr
gs 299 50 359 638 CB
381 641 107 (Step 3) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 659 638 CB
681 641 744 (Scan the titles of articles in that newsgroup.) SB
gr
gs 299 50 359 688 CB
381 691 107 (Step 4) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 659 688 CB
681 691 1016 (Read, save or print articles you find particularly interesting.) SB
gr
gs 299 50 359 738 CB
381 741 107 (Step 5) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 659 738 CB
681 741 650 (Send e-mail to another USENET user.) SB
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gs 299 50 359 788 CB
381 791 107 (Step 6) SB
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gs 1199 50 659 788 CB
681 791 554 (Post an article to the newsgroup.) SB
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gs 299 50 359 838 CB
381 841 107 (Step 7) SB
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gs 1199 50 659 838 CB
681 841 1000 (Clear all remaining articles in the newsgroup so they won't) SB
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gs 1199 50 659 888 CB
681 891 644 (appear in your next USENET session.) SB
gr
gs 299 50 359 938 CB
381 941 107 (Step 8) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 659 938 CB
681 941 448 (Select another newsgroup.) SB
gr
gs 299 50 359 988 CB
381 991 107 (Step 9) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 659 988 CB
681 991 609 (Repeat steps 3 through 8 as desired.) SB
gr
gs 299 100 359 1038 CB
381 1041 128 (Step 10) SB
gr
gs 1199 100 659 1038 CB
681 1041 471 (End your USENET session.) SB
gr
231 1141 1911 (Even though it's not possible to explain how to use all of the newsreaders listed in addendum 1, a quick example) SB
231 1191 1940 (using one of the more commonly encountered newsreaders on UNIX machines \("rn"\), is given later in this chapter) SB
231 1241 999 (to illustrate what going through these steps is actually like.) SB
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231 1388 1113 (Newsgroups ALL New USENET Users Should Read) SB
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231 1502 1841 (When you first start using USENET, you should read the following two newsgroups to learn the ropes of the) SB
231 1552 499 (USENET world.  The first is:) SB
381 1652 426 (news.announce.newusers) SB
231 1752 1827 (This newsgroup contains informative articles which are posted every month to help explain the workings of) SB
231 1802 998 (USENET.  Another very useful introductory newsgroup is:) SB
381 1902 423 (news.newusers.questions) SB
231 2002 1857 (As the name suggests, this is a question and answer forum for new USENET users.  If you read this group for) SB
231 2052 1873 (several months, most basic questions you have about USENET that are not answered by this document will be) SB
231 2102 938 (asked by new users and answered by USENET experts.) SB
231 2202 1903 (If you want to keep abreast of changes and announcements about USENET, you should also read two additional) SB
231 2252 606 (newsgroups.  The discussion group:) SB
381 2352 435 (news.announce.important) SB
231 2452 1877 (contains announcements about USENET which are likely to be of interest to all USENET users.  This group is) SB
231 2502 1789 (*not* for political, commercial, or other non-USENET related announcements, no matter how important.) SB
231 2602 862 (Another generally useful and informative group is:) SB
381 2702 470 (news.announce.newsgroups) SB
231 2802 1254 (which is for announcements of the creation of new USENET newsgroups.) SB
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1686 2976 495 (Chapter 7: Using USENET) SB
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231 334 1449 (Finding Specialized Newsgroups To Which You Want To Subscribe) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 448 1569 (There are two basic strategies you can use to find newsgroups with most USENET software:) SB
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231 553 32 (o) SB
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381 549 983 (List all group's names and select groups you want to read.) SB
381 649 1797 (This is a good strategy if you are just starting to use USENET, and you're not yet sure what's available, or) SB
381 699 1745 (how newsgroups are named.  Although this is done automatically by some newsreaders, in other cases,) SB
381 749 1705 (you have to explicitly ask for a complete list of available groups.  You may then subscribe to groups) SB
381 799 487 (whose names interested you.) SB
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231 904 32 (o) SB
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381 900 1139 (Use the newsgroup software to search group's names for keywords.) SB
381 1000 1777 (Search through the group's names for a particular word which you think might be in the names of groups) SB
381 1050 1666 (you'd like to read.  For example, using "rn", one could search for all the newsgroups whose names) SB
381 1100 1684 (contained the word "mac", using the "/" command followed by the word "mac", in order to identify) SB
381 1150 1720 (newsgroups dealing with Apple Macintosh Computers \("user>" precedes commands you should type;) SB
381 1200 859 ("rn>" indicates responses from the rn newsreader.\)) SB
381 1300 188 (user> /mac) SB
381 1400 59 (rn>) SB
456 1400 384 (bit.mailserv.word-mac) SB
381 1450 59 (rn>) SB
456 1450 321 (comp.binaries.mac) SB
381 1500 59 (rn>) SB
456 1500 211 (comp.emacs) SB
381 1550 59 (rn>) SB
456 1550 353 (comp.lang.forth.mac) SB
381 1600 59 (rn>) SB
456 1600 245 (comp.os.mach) SB
381 1650 59 (rn>) SB
456 1650 313 (comp.sources.mac) SB
381 1700 59 (rn>) SB
456 1700 240 (comp.sys.mac) SB
381 1750 59 (rn>) SB
456 1750 413 (comp.sys.mac.announce) SB
531 1800 674 (... \(many more "comp.sys.mac" groups\)) SB
381 1850 445 (rn>   gnu.emacs.announce) SB
531 1900 614 (... \(many more "gnu.emacs" groups\)) SB
381 2000 1715 (If you use this method to search for newsgroups, try to use the shortest likely abbreviation for a topic) SB
381 2050 1714 (\(like "bio" instead of "biology"\), and/or scan the master list of USENET groups to get an idea what a) SB
381 2100 1751 (likely abbreviation might be.  However, some abbreviations may be redundant and refer to two or even) SB
381 2150 1703 (multiple discussions groups.  In this example, the word "mac" is also contained in newsgroup names) SB
381 2200 1662 (which have nothing to do with Macintosh computers, like "comp.os.mach," and "gnu.emacs.bug.") SB
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231 2347 941 (Helpful Strategies For Reading Newsgroups) SB
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231 2461 532 (Your First USENET Session) SB
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231 2565 1877 (As was mentioned in the introduction, each USENET site may subscribe to hundreds of groups which together) SB
231 2615 1865 (may contain tens of thousands of articles.  Unfortunately, many newsreaders overwhelm the first-time user by) SB
231 2665 1873 (presenting every newsgroup, one by one.  This approach is like teaching someone to find books in a library by) SB
231 2715 1904 (presenting each book in the library in order, and asking, "Is this the book you want? No? Is the next book on the) SB
231 2765 378 (shelf what you want?") SB
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1686 2976 495 (Chapter 7: Using USENET) SB
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231 287 1894 (There are a number of steps you can take to make your introduction to USENET encouraging, not intimidating.) SB
231 337 307 (Most importantly:) SB
231 437 958 (Start simple.  Don't try to read everything.  Be selective.) SB
231 537 1934 (First, issue your newsreader's command which gives the names of all groups available at your site in a list format.) SB
231 587 1788 (You can then start exploring USENET by subscribing to one or a small number of groups that look really) SB
231 637 308 (interesting to you.) SB
231 737 1843 (Try reading a few articles to get an idea what the discussion in the newsgroup is like.  This will allow you to) SB
231 787 1686 (become familiar with your newsreader software, and will give you a flavor of USENET discussion.) SB
231 887 1854 (In highly active groups, there may be a backlog of hundreds of articles which you may not have time to read.) SB
231 937 1910 (Most newsreader software include commands which will erase backlogged articles.  Usually a command such as) SB
231 987 1617 ("catch-up", "clear", or "mark all read," will leave you with a clean and manageably small slate.) SB
231 1087 1926 (Once you've started reading one or more newsgroups that interest you, there are a number of things you can do to) SB
231 1137 803 (make the most out of your time with USENET.) SB
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231 1237 1206 (Read Periodic Postings and  Frequently Asked Questions \(FAQs\)) SB
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231 1341 1941 (Many USENET groups contain "periodic postings" which contain useful information for the new and intermediate) SB
231 1391 1281 (readers of these newsgroup\(s\).  Such postings usually appear once a month.) SB
231 1491 440 (Periodic postings include:) SB
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381 1596 32 (o) SB
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456 1592 665 (Articles explaining USENET etiquette.) SB
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381 1697 32 (o) SB
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456 1693 618 (Frequently Asked Questions \(FAQs\)) SB
1074 1693 1103 (; these are questions which newcomers to a particular newsgroup) SB
456 1743 1660 (often ask, and which are better answered in periodic postings than in repeated individual answers.) SB
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381 1848 32 (o) SB
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456 1844 1281 (Things to keep in mind before posting articles to that particular newsgroup.) SB
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381 1949 32 (o) SB
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456 1945 1616 (Suggestions about where to find commonly needed information about the Internet generally, or) SB
456 1995 379 (USENET specifically.) SB
231 2095 1888 (You'll get a lot more out of USENET if you make a point of reading the periodic postings of the newsgroups to) SB
231 2145 358 (which you subscribe.) SB
231 2245 1781 (You can also read periodic postings by using FTP to retrieve copies from an archive of FAQs stored on a) SB
231 2295 979 (computer with the Internet address "pit-manager.mit.edu") SB
1210 2295 882 (.  The files are stored in the directory "/pub/usenet".) SB
231 2345 1894 (Each subdirectory within this directory has the name of a newsgroup name, each of which contains the periodic) SB
231 2395 1261 (postings.  Here's an example of the full file name and path of such a FAQ:) SB
381 2495 1366 (/pub/usenet/news.announce.newusers/Answers_to_Frequently_Asked_Questions) SB
231 2595 1936 (If you do not have access to FTP, you can also access the archive via electronic mail.  The address of the server is) SB
231 2645 1877 (mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu.  The names are the same, with the "/pub/" chopped off.  To retrieve the file) SB
231 2695 1778 (mentioned above, you would send mail to the mail-server with the text of your message containing only:) SB
381 2795 1367 (send usenet/news.announce.newusers/Answers_to_Frequently_Asked_Questions) SB
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1686 2976 495 (Chapter 7: Using USENET) SB
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231 287 1859 (You can also use the send command in e-mail messages to obtain help about how to use this mail server.  For) SB
231 337 486 (example, the request strings:) SB
381 437 161 (send help) SB
381 487 182 (send index) SB
381 537 302 (send usenet/index) SB
381 587 740 (send usenet/news.announce.newusers/index) SB
231 687 664 (will solicit help and index information.) SB
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231 787 626 (Following "threads" of discussion) SB
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231 891 1925 (Even when you are reading a discussion group in a very specialized subject, you will often find that there may be) SB
231 941 1883 (only a subset of articles you want to take the time to read.  Most newsreaders support an automated process for) SB
231 991 1823 (following threads of discussion.  Articles which are on the same topic can be located either by scanning the) SB
231 1041 961 (subjects, the articles, or even the contents of the articles.) SB
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231 1141 686 (Clearing news you don't want to read) SB
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231 1245 1900 (Newsreaders also allow you to automatically erase articles on topics you don't want to read.  You can also erase) SB
231 1295 1919 (all articles by USENET users whose postings you have found out you don't want to read.  In some cases, you can) SB
231 1345 1674 (set up a "kill" file, which will clear unwanted articles for you every time you use your newsreader.) SB
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231 1492 1413 (What You Should Know BEFORE You Make Your Own Postings) SB
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231 1606 1867 (All of the suggestions in the e-mail etiquette section of NUSIRG apply to USENET.  The document called "A) SB
231 1656 1876 (Primer on How to Work With the USENET Community," as discussed later in the "FTP Archives of USENET) SB
231 1706 1927 (Information" section, is a useful resource for the novice USENET reader.  You are strongly encouraged to review) SB
231 1756 1363 (these documents before you become an active part of the USENET Community.) SB
231 1856 1910 (The most important thing to keep in mind when sending messages to USENET is that your message may be sent) SB
231 1906 1877 (to tens of thousands of machines, and read by hundreds of thousands of people.  This translates to a significant) SB
231 1956 1809 (quantity of computer resources, and a substantial number of accumulated person hours.  All of the specific) SB
231 2006 806 (suggestions below follow from this simple fact.) SB
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381 2111 32 (o) SB
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456 2107 1662 (Try not to post until you've become familiar with the workings of USENET.  Making a premature) SB
456 2157 1696 (posting to USENET is the best way known to embarrass yourself \(and your organization\) in front of) SB
456 2207 956 (tens of thousands of people at the stroke of a single key!) SB
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381 2312 32 (o) SB
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456 2308 1695 (No matter what you're posting, be sure you are sending your message to the appropriate newsgroup,) SB
456 2358 1658 (and that you have specified an appropriate "distribution."  Check through your local master list of) SB
456 2408 1704 (newsgroups before posting.  Sometimes, it may be useful to specify more than one newsgroup.  This) SB
456 2458 1592 (multiple posting activity is known as "crossposting," but try not to crosspost unless absolutely) SB
456 2508 1701 (necessary.  Distribution refers to how widely your posting is propagated.  For example, distributions) SB
456 2558 1661 (available at the University of Washington include "world," "na" for North America, "pnw" for the) SB
456 2608 1665 (pacific northwest, "seattle," and "uw" for the University of Washington.  If your posting is only of) SB
456 2658 1725 (local interest, only post it locally.  For more information, read the FAQ article "Frequently Submitted) SB
456 2708 603 (Items" in news.announce.newusers.) SB
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381 2813 32 (o) SB
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456 2809 1691 (If you are responding to someone else's posting, it is often more appropriate to reply directly to that) SB
456 2859 1703 (person with and e-mail message.  Use your newsreader's command that sends mail *directly* to that) SB
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1686 2976 495 (Chapter 7: Using USENET) SB
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456 287 1703 (user, and not to the newsgroup.  If your newsreader doesn't have such a feature, identify the person's) SB
456 337 1640 (user-id and e-mail address on the "from" line of their message or in the information at the end of) SB
456 387 1488 (their posting.  You can then use your computer's mail software to send them a message.) SB
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381 492 32 (o) SB
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456 488 1673 (If you are posting a response to someone else's posting, include enough of their posting in yours to) SB
456 538 1697 (provide a context for your response.  Most newsreaders and e-mail programs provide a feature to do) SB
456 588 1707 (this easily.  However, try to avoid including more of their posting than is necessary to get their point) SB
456 638 116 (across.) SB
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381 743 32 (o) SB
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456 739 1671 (Sometimes a message to which you are responding has been crossposted, inappropriately, to many) SB
456 789 1714 (newsgroups.  If you respond to such a message, trim down the list of crossposted newsgroups in your) SB
456 839 811 (response to those you feel are most appropriate.) SB
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381 944 32 (o) SB
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456 940 1655 (Before you post a question, try your local resources including reference books and manuals, local) SB
456 990 1638 (User Service staff, and friends.  If your question might be a "Frequently Asked Question," check) SB
456 1040 1312 (either news.newusers.questions or the newsgroup's FAQ posting, if available.) SB
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381 1145 32 (o) SB
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456 1141 1691 (If you want to send an answer to a question, scan the rest of the submitted articles in the newsgroup) SB
456 1191 1651 (before sending mail or posting.  You will often find that one question may elicit an unnecessarily) SB
456 1241 1641 (large number of duplicate answers in a few hours or days.  Of course, if your answer is different,) SB
456 1291 1676 (and/or if you are sure that the other answers offered are definitely wrong, you should go ahead and) SB
456 1341 144 (respond.) SB
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381 1446 32 (o) SB
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456 1442 1579 (Some newsgroups are "moderated," which means that there is a person who screens potential) SB
456 1492 1631 (postings before they are put into the newsgroup.  To post to moderated newsgroups, send e-mail) SB
456 1542 1713 (directly to the moderator's user-id and computer. Here are some examples of moderated newsgroups.) SB
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381 1642 305 (Newsgroup Name) SB
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981 1642 178 (Moderator) SB
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1431 1642 350 (Moderator's Address) SB
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381 1742 470 (news.announce.newsgroups) SB
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981 1742 281 (David Lawrence) SB
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1431 1742 220 (tale@rpi.edu) SB
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381 1842 435 (news.announce.important) SB
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981 1842 221 (Mark Horton) SB
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1431 1842 342 (mark@stargate.com) SB
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381 1942 472 (news.announce.conferences) SB
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981 1942 212 (Dennis Page) SB
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1431 1942 410 (denny@tekbspa.tss.com) SB
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231 2089 837 (What To Do If Something Goes Wrong) SB
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231 2203 1845 (Here are three common problem areas you may encounter when using USENET: you might make a mistake,) SB
231 2253 1831 (someone else might submit rude or insulting postings, or newsreader software might mess up distribution of) SB
231 2303 852 (USENET articles.  Here's what to do in each case.) SB
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381 2408 32 (o) SB
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456 2404 1683 (Suppose you've submitted a posting, but suddenly realized that you didn't want to for one reason or) SB
456 2454 1651 (another.  "Oh no, I've sent my question about Nepali culture to rec.sport.football by mistake!"; or) SB
456 2504 1641 ("Wait a second, what I said about x is wrong!"  Luckily, most newsreaders allow you to cancel a) SB
456 2554 1619 (submission.  Make sure you know what your newsreader's command for this is before you post.) SB
456 2604 1692 (Your submission might still get to a few sites, but you can usually squelch a mistaken submission if) SB
456 2654 1676 (you act quickly.  In general, it's not a good idea to post a second message retracting or apologizing) SB
456 2704 1208 (for a posting unless you sincerely feel you've made a grievous mistake.) SB
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381 2809 32 (o) SB
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456 2805 1652 (If someone posts something that obviously violates USENET etiquette, it's usually best not to get) SB
456 2855 1603 (involved.  There are plenty of USENET old-timers that can usually deal with the situation in a) SB
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1686 2976 495 (Chapter 7: Using USENET) SB
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456 287 1708 (sagacious way.  Unfortunately, there are also a few hot-headed individuals who sometimes turn such) SB
456 337 457 (situations into "flame-wars) SB
913 337 1175 (," which is USENET slang for a rude, disputatious, and inappropriate) SB
456 387 1576 (argument which shouldn't be carried out in a newsgroup.  Always resist the temptation to get) SB
456 437 1697 (involved in or start flame wars;  there are no winners.  And, in the very unlikely event that someone) SB
456 487 1683 (attacks you personally in a posting, simply ignore it; they'll usually stop.  Even the most obnoxious) SB
456 537 1659 ("flamers" will usually desist when they feel that no one is paying attention.  And if you keep your) SB
456 587 1685 (peace, it will be apparent to anyone reading such a posting that it is the flamer, and not you, who is) SB
456 637 357 (of dubious character.) SB
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456 738 1705 (If you have reason to think that your local newsreader or your USENET feed is malfunctioning, find) SB
456 788 1511 (out who is responsible for maintaining USENET at your site.  Unless you are a USENET) SB
456 838 1093 (administrator you shouldn't post messages about local problems.) SB
231 938 1915 (Although this may seem to have been an inordinately long introduction to a single Internet resource, USENET is) SB
231 988 1930 (an unusually rich resource.  In fact, apart from e-mail, USENET is probably the most frequently Internet resource) SB
231 1038 576 (used by the bulk of Internet users.) SB
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231 1185 838 (FTP Archives of USENET Information) SB
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231 1299 761 (Archives of Information About USENET) SB
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231 1403 1942 (This is a list of monthly articles posted to news.announce.newusers which provide considerably more detail on the) SB
231 1453 1024 (introductory USENET topics covered in this brief overview.) SB
381 1553 690 (Introduction to news.announce.newusers) SB
381 1603 507 (Rules for posting to USENET) SB
381 1653 322 (What is USENET?) SB
381 1703 996 (A Primer on How to Work With the USENET Community) SB
381 1753 681 (Answers to Frequently Asked Questions) SB
381 1803 689 (USENET Software: History and Sources) SB
381 1853 947 (Emily Postnews Answers Your Questions on Netiquette) SB
381 1903 600 (Hints on writing style for USENET) SB
381 1953 456 (List of Active Newsgroups) SB
381 2003 601 (Alternative Newsgroup Hierarchies) SB
381 2053 563 (Regional Newsgroup Hierarchies) SB
381 2103 317 (List of Moderators) SB
381 2153 760 (Publicly Accessible Mailing Lists, Parts I-III) SB
381 2203 661 (List of Periodic Informational Postings) SB
381 2253 571 (How to Create a New Newsgroup) SB
381 2303 689 (How to Get Information about Networks) SB
381 2353 665 (How to Create a New Trial Newsgroup) SB
381 2403 835 (A Guide to Social Newsgroups and Mailing Lists) SB
231 2503 1849 (If you already have access to USENET, go to the introductory "newsgroup news.announce.newusers" to read) SB
231 2553 1900 (them.  If you do not yet have access to USENET, but do have access to the Internet, these files are available via) SB
231 2603 609 (anonymous FTP from the FTP host:) SB
381 2703 345 (pit-manager.mit.edu) SB
231 2803 260 (in the directory) SB
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1686 2976 495 (Chapter 7: Using USENET) SB
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381 287 621 (pub/usenet/news.announce.newusers) SB
231 387 1826 (Each of the files has the same name as in the list above, with spaces filled by the underscore character.  For) SB
231 437 1560 (example, the article entitled "List of Moderators" above is stored in pit-manager.mit.edu as:) SB
381 537 970 (pub/usenet/news.announce.newusers/List_of_Moderators) SB
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231 637 765 (Archives of Other Past USENET Articles) SB
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231 741 1919 (Finally, the articles submitted to most active USENET discussion groups have been archived at various locations) SB
231 791 1908 (around the world.  Although there is no single repository, there are a number of large archives which you should) SB
231 841 1947 (investigate if you want to find either old USENET discussions or USENET discussion groups which your site does) SB
231 891 199 (not receive.) SB
231 991 1615 (Some of the larger collections of archived newsgroups can be found at the following FTP sites:) SB
381 1091 345 (pit-manager.mit.edu) SB
381 1141 350 (wuarchive.wustl.edu) SB
381 1191 210 (uunet.uu.net) SB
231 1291 1889 (If you are looking for archives of a group which is not contained in these sites, you can use the Archie program) SB
231 1341 1889 (\(described in Chapter 6\) to search for an FTP site containing the name of the newsgroup whose archive you are) SB
231 1391 140 (seeking.) SB
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231 1538 1212 (A Typical USENET Session \(With the Newsreader "rn"\)) SB
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231 1652 1897 (Even if you don't use "rn", the following example should give you a feeling for what a typical USENET session) SB
231 1702 1349 (involves.  This is meant to capture the spirit, not the details, of using USENET.) SB
231 1802 1934 (Commands you would type are preceded by "user>" to indicate that you should type the command which follows.) SB
231 1852 1806 (Responses from the newsreader software appear after "rn>".  These will not appear in an actual rn session.) SB
231 1952 942 (Step 1.  To Start the newsreading software, simply type) SB
381 2052 140 (user> rn) SB
231 2152 1792 (Most newsreaders will respond with a series of informative messages, and a list of a few basic commands) SB
231 2202 576 (including how to get on-line help.) SB
381 2302 975 (rn> Trying to set up a ".newsrc" file--running newsetup...) SB
381 2352 606 (rn> Creating .newsrc in /u2/user-id.) SB
381 2402 172 (rn> Done.) SB
381 2452 883 (rn> To unsubscribe to groups use the "u" command.) SB
381 2502 1039 (rn> To list groups you can subscribe to use the "l" command.) SB
381 2552 941 (rn> To subscribe to a newsgroup use the "g" command.) SB
381 2602 838 (rn> Type h for help at any time while running rn.) SB
381 2652 675 (rn> \(Revising soft pointers--be patient.\)) SB
381 2702 781 (rn> Unread news in news.announce.important) SB
1431 2702 176 (11 articles) SB
381 2752 816 (rn> Unread news in news.announce.newsgroups) SB
1431 2752 197 (132 articles) SB
381 2802 772 (rn> Unread news in news.announce.newusers) SB
1431 2802 176 (45 articles) SB
381 2852 769 (rn> Unread news in news.newusers.questions) SB
1431 2852 176 (85 articles) SB
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456 287 94 (...etc.) SB
381 337 1041 (rn> 11 articles in news.announce.important--read now? [ynq]) SB
231 437 608 (Step 2.  Select a newsgroup to read.) SB
231 537 1938 (The "[ynq]" prompt offers you some possible responses to the question "read now?" \(y = yes, n = no, q = quit\).  In) SB
231 587 1808 (this and most other cases, though, you can still issue other commands.  At this point, we will go to another) SB
231 637 1880 (newsgroup by typing "g" followed by the name of a newsgroup.  In other newsreaders, you might use an arrow) SB
231 687 1005 (cursor, a mouse or a function key to obtain the same result.) SB
381 787 563 (user> g news.announce.newusers) SB
381 837 945 (rn>   Group news.announce.newusers -- subscribe? [yn]) SB
381 887 126 (user> y) SB
381 937 1054 (rn>   20 articles in news.announce.newusers--read now? [ynq]) SB
231 1037 1536 (Step 3.  To display the subjects of articles in a newsgroup, in "rn," you'd type the "=" sign.) SB
381 1137 129 (user> =) SB
381 1237 689 (rn>   286 Introduction to news.announce) SB
381 1287 673 (rn>   287 Rules for posting to USENET) SB
381 1337 488 (rn>   288 What is USENET?) SB
381 1387 1162 (rn>   289 A Primer on How to Work With the USENET Community) SB
381 1437 847 (rn>   290 Answers to Frequently Asked Questions) SB
381 1487 166 (      \(etc..\)) SB
231 1587 1814 (Step 4.  To read an article whose title interests you in "rn" simply type the article's number as shown in the) SB
231 1637 622 (column of numbers in the list above.) SB
381 1737 417 (rn> What next? [^Nnpq]) SB
381 1787 168 (user> 290) SB
231 1887 1815 (You'll then see the first page of the article you've requested.  Each article begins with a header much like a) SB
231 1937 1271 (standard e-mail header, and other header lines unique to USENET articles:) SB
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381 2037 441 (rn> Article 290 \(19 more\)) SB
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981 2037 700 (in news.announce.newusers \(moderated\):) SB
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381 2087 173 (rn> From:) SB
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981 2087 655 (spaf@cs.purdue.EDU \(Gene Spafford\)) SB
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381 2137 209 (rn> Subject:) SB
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981 2137 681 (Answers to Frequently Asked Questions) SB
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381 2187 287 (rn> Message-ID:) SB
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981 2187 523 (<15398@ector.cs.purdue.edu>) SB
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381 2237 162 (rn> Date:) SB
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gs 1199 50 959 2234 CB
981 2237 420 (25 Jul 91 23:15:55 GMT) SB
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gs 599 50 359 2284 CB
381 2287 303 (rn> Organization:) SB
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gs 1199 50 959 2284 CB
981 2287 725 (Dept. of Computer Sciences, Purdue Univ.) SB
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381 2337 176 (rn> Lines:) SB
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981 2337 63 (674) SB
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381 2387 271 (rn> Supersedes:) SB
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981 2387 523 (<14694@ector.cs.purdue.edu>) SB
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381 2437 319 (rn> Original-from:) SB
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981 2437 610 (jerry@eagle.UUCP \(Jerry Schwarz\)) SB
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381 2487 428 (rn> [Most recent change:) SB
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981 2487 762 (23 Jul by spaf@cs.purdue.edu \(G. Spafford\)]) SB
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981 2587 473 (Frequently Submitted Items) SB
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381 2637 59 (rn>) SB
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381 2687 1124 (rn> This document discusses some questions and topics that occur) SB
381 2737 1152 (rn> repeatedly on USENET.  They frequently are submitted by new) SB
381 2787 1198 (rn> users, and result in many follow-ups, sometimes swamping groups) SB
381 2837 1012 (rn> for weeks.  The purpose of this note is to head off these) SB
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381 287 1179 (rn> annoying events by answering some questions and warning about) SB
381 337 301 (rn> the inevitable) SB
381 387 331 (rn> --MORE--\(4%\)) SB
231 487 1918 (The article has now filled up the screen.  In rn, you press the space bar, to see the next screenfull of the message.) SB
381 587 312 (user> <space bar>) SB
381 687 1115 (rn> consequence of asking others.  If you don't like these answers) SB
381 737 583 (rn> let spaf@cs.purdue.edu know.) SB
381 787 59 (rn>) SB
381 837 1108 (rn> Note that some newsgroups have their own special "Frequent) SB
381 887 1132 (rn> Questions & Answers" posting.  You should read a group for a) SB
381 937 1109 (rn> while before posting any questions, because the answers may) SB
381 987 1180 (rn> already be present. Comp.unix.questions and comp.unix.internals) SB
381 1037 1096 (rn> are examples -- Steve Hayman regularly posts an article that) SB
381 1087 1215 (rn> answers common questions, including some of the ones asked here.) SB
381 1137 59 (rn>) SB
381 1187 1088 (rn> This list is often referred to as FAQ -- the Frequently Asked) SB
381 1237 1154 (rn> Questions.  If you are a new user of the USENET and don't find) SB
381 1287 1067 (rn> an answer to your questions here, you can try asking in the) SB
381 1337 613 (rn> news.newusers.questions group.) SB
381 1387 331 (rn> --MORE--\(4%\)) SB
231 1487 1796 (You now have several options, including displaying the next page of the article, saving it to a file on your) SB
231 1537 1835 (computer, or leaving the article for another within the newsgroup.  In rn, to save the file you type "s" or "w") SB
231 1587 1415 (followed by the name you want to give to the copy you're saving to your computer:) SB
381 1687 623 (user> s news.announce.newusers.faq) SB
381 1737 857 (rn>   \(messages and prompts about saving the file\)) SB
381 1787 911 (rn>   End of article 290 \(of 305\)--what next? [^Nnpq]) SB
231 1887 1933 (To leave a newsgroup, you type another "q".  You could go to another newsgroup by typing "g newsgroup.name".) SB
231 1937 1843 (To leave "rn," you type a final "q".  Exiting a newsgroup reader will return you to your computer's operating) SB
231 1987 128 (system.) SB
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231 2134 31 (F) SB
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262 2144 71 (OR ) SB
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333 2134 42 (M) SB
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375 2144 98 (ORE ) SB
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487 2144 281 (NFORMATION ) SB
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768 2134 36 (A) SB
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804 2144 124 (BOUT ) SB
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928 2134 202 (USENET) SB
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231 2245 840 (For Help Using An Already Installed Newsreader) SB
231 2345 1875 (Your best bet is to use help within the newsreader software you are using.  More extensive help can usually be) SB
231 2395 1919 (found in help files or man pages which should be installed on your computer.  If you can't find an answer to your) SB
231 2445 1857 (question by consulting with online, printed, or local user services help, you can post a message to a USENET) SB
231 2495 1887 (newsgroup.  Of course, this is assuming your problem is not inability to post a message!  Be sure to include the) SB
231 2545 1939 (name and version of the newsreader you are using, and what operating system you are working with.  If you don't,) SB
231 2595 1875 (you either won't get an answer, or someone will snipe at you.  By way of fair warning,  posted questions about) SB
231 2645 989 (using USENET software raises some net-people's hackles.) SB
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1686 2976 495 (Chapter 7: Using USENET) SB
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231 334 336 (Published Book) SB
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231 448 1929 (Todinao, G.  1986.  "Using UUCP and USENET: A Nutshell Handbook."  O'Reilly and Associates, Newton, MA.) SB
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231 595 420 (Online Information) SB
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231 709 1793 (USENET is a particularly well-documented Internet resource.  There are hundreds of FAQ files and other) SB
231 759 1841 (introductory materials to help get you started.  This chapter represents a distillation of many of the "periodic) SB
231 809 1905 (postings" maintained and posted by Gene Spafford \(to "news.announce.newusers"\).  By subscribing to a number) SB
231 859 1863 (of introductory USENET newsgroups, you will gradually learn the folkways of the USENET community, and) SB
231 909 1179 (become familiar with the many ways in which USENET can be used.) SB
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231 1056 893 (Good Introductory USENET Newsgroups) SB
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381 1170 426 (news.announce.newusers) SB
381 1220 232 (news.answers) SB
381 1270 423 (news.newusers.questions) SB
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267 1427 216 (DDENDUM ) SB
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483 1417 311 (1: USENET N) SB
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794 1427 288 (EWSREADING ) SB
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1881 1427 84 (NFO) SB
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231 1528 1883 (This list of FTP sources for newsreader software is meant to be representative, not comprehensive.  Most all of) SB
231 1578 1916 (these packages can be found on many sites not listed below.  Some of the best FTP sites for single-stop shopping) SB
231 1628 1942 (appear to be gatekeeper.dec.com, uunet.uu.net, and wuarchive.wustl.edu.  All archive sites and directory locations) SB
231 1678 1936 (listed in this NUSIRG were checked for accuracy in September 1991.  The actual name of the file in the indicated) SB
231 1728 1816 (directory may not precisely correspond to the common name of the program.  Some programs are stored in) SB
231 1778 1893 (multiple pieces which have to be reassembled locally, and many are stored in a compressed or archived format.) SB
231 1828 1885 (For example, vnews for SUN/OS in alw.nih.gov is stored as "vnews-sun4.tar.Z".  For a more comprehensive or) SB
231 1878 1950 (current listing of archival sites containing USENET newsreader software, try using "Archie" \(described in detail in) SB
231 1928 403 (Chapter 6 of NUSIRG\).) SB
231 2028 1261 (Thanks to many USENET readers for helping me collect this information!) SB
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681 2176 306 (or e-mail contact) SB
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1131 2176 143 (             ) SB
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1881 2176 154 (              ) SB
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1686 2976 495 (Chapter 7: Using USENET) SB
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516 289 1380 (Chapter 8: LISTSERV Discussion Lists) SB
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231 526 47 (W) SB
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278 536 93 (HAT ) SB
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371 526 14 (I) SB
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385 536 38 (S ) SB
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423 526 275 (LISTSERV?) SB
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231 637 1887 (LISTSERV is a computer program installed on computers in the BITNET network which manages "Discussion) SB
231 687 969 (Groups" \(or "lists"\) for people who have shared interests.) SB
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231 834 47 (W) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
278 844 93 (HAT ) SB
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371 834 14 (I) SB
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385 844 38 (S ) SB
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423 834 344 (A LISTSERV D) SB
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767 844 232 (ISCUSSION ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
999 834 31 (L) SB
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1030 844 62 (IST) SB
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1092 834 31 (?) SB
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231 945 1950 ("LISTSERV discussion lists" \(or discussion groups\) are topic-oriented forums distributed by e-mail, dealing with a) SB
231 995 1906 (wide variety of topics.  Once you've subscribed to a LISTSERV discussion list, messages from other subscribers) SB
231 1045 846 (are automatically sent to your electronic mailbox.) SB
231 1145 1842 (To give you an idea of just how specific the topics can be, here are the subjects of 10 of the more than 2,000) SB
231 1195 564 (currently active LISTSERV lists:) SB
381 1295 441 (Albert Einstein's Writings) SB
381 1345 325 (Apple-II Computer) SB
381 1395 458 (Ecology and the Biosphere) SB
381 1445 193 (Fly Fishing) SB
381 1495 468 (Funny Jokes, Funny Stories) SB
381 1545 441 (Human Genome Mapping) SB
381 1595 328 (Japanese Language) SB
381 1645 253 (Ocean Drilling) SB
381 1695 150 (Robotics) SB
381 1745 263 (Science Fiction) SB
231 1845 1937 (You might be the only person in your entire county who'd want to read a whole newspaper every day about robots) SB
231 1895 1867 (or fly fishing.  But there are many people in the world who are interested in robots or fly fishing, and many of) SB
231 1945 1792 (them are already communicating daily about their interests with services like LISTSERV discussion lists.) SB
231 2045 1734 (No matter where you live, you can automatically receive messages from people who are subscribed to) SB
231 2095 782 (LISTSERV groups on topics that interest you.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
231 2242 47 (W) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
278 2252 93 (HAT ) SB
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371 2242 14 (I) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
385 2252 38 (S ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
423 2242 294 (A LISTSERV) SB
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717 2252 56 (ER) SB
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773 2242 31 (?) SB
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231 2353 1723 (A LISTSERVer is a copy of the LISTSERV program installed on computers on the BITNET network) SB
1954 2353 118 (.  Each) SB
231 2403 1299 (LISTSERVer maintains subscription lists for a number of discussion groups.) SB
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231 2550 36 (H) SB
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267 2560 80 (OW ) SB
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347 2550 36 (D) SB
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383 2560 96 (OES ) SB
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479 2550 305 (LISTSERV W) SB
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784 2560 89 (ORK) SB
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873 2550 31 (?) SB
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231 2661 1902 (Any time you or someone else sends an e-mail message to the LISTSERVer which manages a discussion group,) SB
231 2711 1918 (that LISTSERV program automatically distributes the message to every other subscriber.  LISTSERV discussion) SB
231 2761 1894 (groups make it easy for you to communicate with other people about a particular topic, without having to know) SB
231 2811 814 (their user-ids or e-mail addresses ahead of time.) SB
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1457 2976 724 (Chapter 8: LISTSERV DIscussion Lists) SB
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231 287 1863 (The LISTSERV service is like an electronic newspaper, except every "article" is sent to you separately.  Both) SB
231 337 1831 (LISTSERV discussion groups and newspapers contain news and articles concerning topics in which you are) SB
231 387 1578 (interested.  Both allow you to contribute messages which are distributed to other subscribers.) SB
231 487 1922 (Subscribing to a LISTSERV discussion group is also similar to subscribing to a newspaper, except that you and a) SB
231 537 1916 (LISTSERVer communicate with e-mail, instead of postal mail.  You find out what lists are available and request) SB
231 587 1772 (subscription or cancellation by sending e-mail to a LISTSERVer.  A LISTSERVer uses e-mail to handle) SB
231 637 1294 (subscription information and to distribute messages to and from subscribers.) SB
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231 784 83 (A S) SB
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314 794 124 (HORT ) SB
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438 784 33 (S) SB
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471 794 257 (UMMARY OF ) SB
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728 784 36 (H) SB
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764 794 80 (OW ) SB
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844 784 31 (T) SB
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875 794 42 (O ) SB
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917 784 36 (U) SB
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953 794 65 (SE ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
1018 784 289 (LISTSERV F) SB
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1307 794 104 (ROM ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
1411 784 31 (T) SB
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1442 794 67 (HE ) SB
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1509 784 14 (I) SB
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1523 794 189 (NTERNET) SB
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231 895 1879 (1.  Get a catalog of LISTSERV discussion groups by sending e-mail to a LISTSERVer containing the message) SB
231 945 214 ("list global.") SB
381 1045 88 (mail:) SB
681 1045 702 (listserv%bitnic.bitnet@cunyvm.cuny.edu) SB
381 1095 155 (message:) SB
681 1095 169 (list global) SB
231 1195 1831 (In a few minutes, the LISTSERVer will acknowledge your request and then send a copy of the "global list.") SB
231 1295 1912 (2.  Read the "global list."  Each line in this list has a list's name, the BITNET address of the LISTSERVer which) SB
231 1345 1782 (manages that list, and a brief description of the list's discussion topic.  Here are 5 lines from a global list.) SB
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381 1445 158 (Listname) SB
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gs 599 100 809 1442 CB
831 1445 317 (Computer Address) SB
gr
gs 749 100 1409 1442 CB
1431 1445 295 (Brief Description) SB
gr
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gs 449 50 359 1542 CB
381 1545 170 (AGRIC-L) SB
gr
gs 599 50 809 1542 CB
831 1545 299 (AGRIC-L@UGA) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1409 1542 CB
1431 1545 390 (Agriculture Discussion) SB
gr
gs 449 50 359 1592 CB
381 1595 119 (ALF-L) SB
gr
gs 599 50 809 1592 CB
831 1595 364 (ALF-L@YORKVM1) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1409 1592 CB
1431 1595 488 (Academic Librarian's Forum) SB
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gs 449 50 359 1642 CB
381 1645 214 (ALLMUSIC) SB
gr
gs 599 50 809 1642 CB
831 1645 380 (ALLMUSIC@AUVM) SB
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gs 749 50 1409 1642 CB
1431 1645 369 (Discussions on Music) SB
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gs 449 50 359 1692 CB
381 1695 222 (ALTLEARN) SB
gr
gs 599 50 809 1692 CB
831 1695 397 (ALTLEARN@SJUVM) SB
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gs 749 50 1409 1692 CB
1431 1695 409 (Approaches to Learning) SB
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gs 449 100 359 1742 CB
381 1745 189 (APPLE2-L) SB
gr
gs 599 100 809 1742 CB
831 1745 451 (APPLE2-L@BROWNVM) SB
gr
gs 749 100 1409 1742 CB
1431 1745 219 (Apple II List) SB
gr
231 1845 1735 (3.  Select a LISTSERV group to which you want to subscribe and send an e-mail subscription request.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 41 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
994 1942 423 (*** IMPORTANT! ***) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2046 1810 (The addresses in the global list are BITNET addresses.  Internet must communicate through one of several) SB
231 2096 880 (BITNET-Internet "gateways."  Here's how it works:) SB
381 2196 299 (BITNET address:) SB
831 2196 277 (listserv@NODE) SB
381 2246 299 (Gateway address:) SB
831 2246 844 (listserv%NODE.bitnet@GATE.WAY.ADDRESS) SB
231 2346 1918 (where "NODE" is the BITNET address, and "GATE.WAY.ADDRESS" is one of the following BITNET-Internet) SB
231 2396 169 (gateways:) SB
381 2496 392 (cornellc.cornell.cit.edu) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 39 /Times-Italic /font39 ANSIFont font
831 2495 37 (or) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
981 2496 301 (cunyvm.cuny.edu) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 39 /Times-Italic /font39 ANSIFont font
1431 2495 37 (or) SB
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1581 2496 270 (mitvma.mit.edu) SB
231 2598 1842 (For example, to subscribe to the AGRIC-L discussion group, use the following address and command string.) SB
381 2698 88 (mail:) SB
681 2698 666 (listserv%uga.bitnet@cunyvm.cuny.edu) SB
381 2748 155 (message:) SB
681 2748 548 (subscribe agric-l your-full-name) SB
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1457 2976 724 (Chapter 8: LISTSERV DIscussion Lists) SB
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231 76 1002 (NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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231 287 1906 (4.  You will receive acknowledgement of your subscription, a basic introduction about LISTSERV services, and) SB
231 337 963 (messages from other subscribers to the discussion group.) SB
231 437 1798 (5.  To send a message to the group, send mail to the group's name at its address \(using a BITNET.Internet) SB
231 487 166 (gateway\).) SB
381 587 76 (mail) SB
681 587 744 (apple-2@brownvm.bitnet@mitvma.mit.edu) SB
381 637 143 (message) SB
681 637 768 (Whatever it is you want to send to the group!) SB
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231 784 83 (A S) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
314 794 191 (UMMARY ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
505 784 39 (O) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
544 794 35 (F ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
579 784 36 (B) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
615 794 107 (ASIC ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
722 784 294 (LISTSERV C) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
1016 794 211 (OMMANDS) SB
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231 895 1773 (LISTSERV is a computer program, so it only understands certain commands.  Everything you "say" to a) SB
231 945 1104 (LISTSERVer in your e-mail messages has to fit a precise syntax.) SB
231 1045 1890 (Here's a summary of important commands that you can send to a LISTSERVer, presented in the order in which) SB
231 1095 1936 (you are likely to need them.  Every one of these commands is used by putting it as a single line message in e-mail) SB
231 1145 1236 (to a LISTSERVer.  The LISTSERVer sends a response to you by e-mail.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1250 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1246 777 (To see what LISTSERV groups are available:) SB
531 1346 169 (list global) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1451 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1447 1333 (To get a LISTSERV "reference card" summarizing all LISTSERV commands:) SB
531 1547 183 (get refcard) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1652 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1648 619 (To subscribe to a LISTSERV group:) SB
531 1748 649 (subscribe LISTNAME your-full-name) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1853 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1849 816 (To cancel a subscription to a LISTSERV group:) SB
531 1949 691 (unsubscribe LISTNAME your-full-name) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2054 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2050 1246 (To get an index of archived files about a group stored on a LISTSERVer:) SB
531 2150 317 (index LISTNAME) SB
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381 2255 32 (o) SB
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456 2251 718 (To get a particular file from the index list:) SB
531 2351 480 (get FILENAME FILETYPE) SB
381 2451 1718 (For example, the list "apple-2 might have files called "apple-2 logYYMM" where "YY" is a year and) SB
381 2501 1692 ("MM" is a month.  In other words, "apple-2 log9109" would be the log of discussions in apple-2 for) SB
381 2551 287 (September 1991.) SB
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231 606 1741 (LISTSERV is one of the notable services of BITNET, a network devoted to networking of educational) SB
231 656 1939 (institutions.  Although BITNET LISTSERVers are available on the Internet, use of LISTSERVer by non-BITNET) SB
231 706 1864 (users should be viewed as a special privilege, not a right.  BITNET is supported by annual dues from member) SB
231 756 1945 (institutions, so if you are not at a BITNET member institution, someone else is paying for your use of LISTSERV.) SB
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231 903 1661 (Mail To the Discussion Group Is Sent To the List Name, Not to "LISTSERV") SB
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231 1017 1927 (All messages which you want other people in the discussion group to read should be addressed to the name of the) SB
231 1067 298 (list.  For example) SB
381 1167 849 (apple-2%NODE.bitnet@GATE.WAY.ADDRESS) SB
231 1267 1911 (where "NODE" is the BITNET address, and "GATE.WAY.ADDRESS" is the BITNET-Internet gateway of your) SB
231 1317 122 (choice.) SB
231 1417 1796 (All e-mail concerning subscriptions, LISTSERV help files, etc., should be addressed to the LISTSERVer:) SB
381 1517 844 (listserv%NODE.bitnet@GATE.WAY.ADDRESS) SB
231 1617 1918 (In summary, "LISTSERV" is the user-id of a program which manages lists, and the list name is the user-id of the) SB
231 1667 1074 (list which people read!  Be sure you understand this difference.) SB
231 1767 1581 (This is probably the biggest source of confusion which beginner LISTSERV users encounter.) SB
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231 1914 1337 (Many LISTSERV Groups Are Available Through "USENET") SB
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231 2028 1941 (Many of the more popular LISTSERV groups are available through USENET, which *is* an Internet service.  For) SB
231 2078 1850 (more information on USENET, and how to find out which LISTSERV groups are available, see Chapter 7 of) SB
231 2128 166 (NUSIRG.) SB
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231 2275 1200 (There Are Many LISTSERVers Throughout The World) SB
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231 2389 1825 (In step 1 of the previous example, you were shown how to send a message to a particular LISTSERVer, the) SB
231 2439 1901 (LISTSERVer at the BITNET Network Information Center \(BITNIC\).  Any listserv command can be sent to any) SB
231 2489 1913 (computer which has the LISTSERV program.  The "global list" contains the BITNET addresses of all computers) SB
231 2539 461 (which have LISTSERVers.) SB
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231 334 1947 (Many LISTSERVers Are Installed On Computers Which Are Part Of BITNET *And* The) SB
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231 509 1786 (For example, the IBM 3090 at the University of Washington, "uwavm.u.washington.edu", is also directly) SB
231 559 1929 (connected to BITNET, and is known in the BITNET world as "uwavm".  In such cases, you can send messages to) SB
231 609 1877 (a LISTSERVer directly without having to go through a gateway.  For example, you can communicate with the) SB
231 659 945 (LISTSERVers at UW with the following mail message:) SB
381 759 693 (mail: listserv@uwavm.u.washington.edu) SB
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231 906 1162 (LISTSERV Subscriptions Can Become Overwhelming) SB
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231 1020 1776 (Unlike a newspaper, which is usually only delivered once a day, with all the articles in a single package,) SB
231 1070 1833 (LISTSERV discussion groups send every article by itself to every subscriber of the discussion group.  Some) SB
231 1120 1883 (LISTSERV groups are very active, and can send 10's if not 100's of messages to your electronic mailbox every) SB
231 1170 72 (day.) SB
231 1270 1948 (If you've ever subscribed to two or more newspapers, you know how quickly last weeks and last months issues can) SB
231 1320 1852 (pile up. Now imagine that instead of a single issue of each newspaper each day, you had to separately handle) SB
231 1370 904 (every single article from every newspaper every day!) SB
231 1470 1773 (This is one of the main drawbacks to the LISTSERV system.  If you're subscribed to several LISTSERV) SB
231 1520 1892 (discussion groups, and don't check you electronic mailbox for a couple of days, you might find several hundred) SB
231 1570 1950 (mail files from LISTSERVers waiting for you.  Reading all of these files, or even deleting them all, can take hours) SB
231 1620 1904 (of your time.  If you are using a small computer system, the impact on your computing and disk resources could) SB
231 1670 524 (be substantial, even disastrous.) SB
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231 1928 1870 (The best sources of information about LISTSERV LISTSERVers and the people who subscribe to LISTSERV) SB
231 1978 125 (groups.) SB
231 2078 1908 (To get LISTSERV help files and other information, send one of the following commands to the LISTSERVer of) SB
231 2128 210 (your choice.) SB
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831 2378 710 (LISTSERVer containing LISTSERV help) SB
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831 2528 656 (LISTSERV program \(such as LISTDB) SB
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1487 2528 114 ( which) SB
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gs 1049 50 809 2575 CB
831 2578 632 (is a very powerful database program\)) SB
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gs 1049 100 809 2625 CB
831 2628 863 (for searching LISTSERV log files for information\)) SB
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gs 449 100 359 2725 CB
381 2728 73 (help) SB
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gs 1049 100 809 2725 CB
831 2728 620 (a brief list of LISTSERV commands) SB
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gs 449 100 359 2825 CB
381 2828 199 (info refcard) SB
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gs 1049 100 809 2825 CB
831 2828 723 (an expanded list of LISTSERV commands) SB
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381 387 169 (list global) SB
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323 289 1766 (SECTION 4: KNOWLEDGE AT YOUR FINGERTIPS) SB
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381 479 515 (Chapter 9: Electronic Journals) SB
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1956 479 42 (96) SB
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531 529 522 (What Are Electronic Journals?) SB
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1956 529 42 (96) SB
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531 579 844 (What Kinds of Electronic Journals are Available?) SB
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1375 579 352 (................................) SB
1727 579 220 (....................) SB
1956 579 42 (96) SB
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531 629 683 (How to Subscribe to Electronic Journals) SB
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1573 629 352 (................................) SB
1925 629 22 (..) SB
1956 629 42 (96) SB
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531 679 826 (For More Information About Electronic Journals) SB
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1364 679 352 (................................) SB
1716 679 231 (.....................) SB
1956 679 42 (97) SB
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381 729 503 (Chapter 10: Electronic Books) SB
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891 729 352 (................................) SB
1243 729 352 (................................) SB
1595 729 352 (................................) SB
1956 729 42 (98) SB
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531 779 489 (What Are Electronic Books?) SB
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1375 779 352 (................................) SB
1727 779 220 (....................) SB
1956 779 42 (98) SB
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531 829 625 (How Do You Use Electronic Books?) SB
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1870 829 77 (.......) SB
1956 829 42 (98) SB
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531 879 309 (Project Gutenberg) SB
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847 879 352 (................................) SB
1199 879 352 (................................) SB
1551 879 352 (................................) SB
1903 879 44 (....) SB
1956 879 42 (98) SB
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531 929 463 (The Advantage Foundation) SB
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1353 929 352 (................................) SB
1705 929 242 (......................) SB
1956 929 63 (100) SB
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531 979 450 (The Oxford Text Archives) SB
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990 979 352 (................................) SB
1342 979 352 (................................) SB
1694 979 253 (.......................) SB
1956 979 63 (101) SB
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531 1029 793 (For More Information About Electronic Books) SB
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1331 1029 352 (................................) SB
1683 1029 264 (........................) SB
1956 1029 63 (102) SB
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381 1079 1056 (Chapter 11: Accessing Library Catalogs Through The Internet) SB
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1793 1079 154 (..............) SB
1956 1079 63 (103) SB
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1956 1179 63 (103) SB
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1914 1229 33 (...) SB
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531 1279 592 (Essential Guides for Using OPACs) SB
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1956 1279 63 (104) SB
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531 1329 1195 (Effective Use of Online-Catalogs \(or, "How to Think Like an OPAC"\)) SB
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1956 1329 63 (105) SB
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531 1379 811 (Getting Started With Internet Access of OPACs) SB
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1342 1379 352 (................................) SB
1694 1379 253 (.......................) SB
1956 1379 63 (105) SB
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531 1429 966 (For More Information About OPACs and Related Topics) SB
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1507 1429 352 (................................) SB
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1956 1429 63 (117) SB
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381 1479 1050 (Chapter 12: Internet Accessible Databases and Bibliographies) SB
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1441 1479 352 (................................) SB
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1956 1479 63 (119) SB
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531 1529 569 (What Is Included In This Chapter) SB
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531 1579 856 (What is NOT Included Here, and Where to Find It) SB
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531 1679 720 (What You Need to Use Internet Databases) SB
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1956 1779 63 (121) SB
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381 1829 1370 (Chapter 13: WAIS \( Wide Area Information Server \) : An Interface to Databases) SB
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1760 1829 187 (.................) SB
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531 2079 568 (Keeping Up To Date With WAIS) SB
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381 2229 669 (Chapter 14: Internet Directory Services) SB
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531 2279 793 (Overview of Using Internet Directory Services) SB
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1331 2279 352 (................................) SB
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531 2329 859 (Current Capabilities of Internet Directory Services) SB
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531 2379 1096 (Technical And Ethical Challenges to Internet Directory Services) SB
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531 2429 854 (Finding A Person On the Internet \(The Easy Way\)) SB
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561 289 1289 (Information Services on the Internet) SB
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231 529 1788 (By now, you are probably aware that many of the services mentioned in Sections 2 and 3 of NUSIRG are) SB
231 579 1932 (tremendous sources of information: FTP file archives contain a wealth of computer programs and documents, and) SB
231 629 1512 (many USENET and LISTSERV groups are filled with useful and informative discussion.) SB
231 729 1821 (Section 4, however, is devoted to more formal and highly structured sources of information, such as library) SB
231 779 395 (catalogs and databases.) SB
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231 926 33 (E) SB
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231 1037 1818 (Electronic journals are essentially like printed magazines, except they are distributed as computer files in a) SB
231 1087 149 (network.) SB
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231 1345 1607 (Electronic books, or e-texts, are essentially the electronic equivalents of regular printed books.) SB
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995 1492 211 (\(OPACS\)) SB
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231 1603 1632 (OPACs are network accessible library catalogs which you can browse from your own computer.) SB
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231 1750 39 (O) SB
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231 1861 1533 (These services allow you to access databases which you can use for research or education.) SB
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966 2008 164 (\(WAIS\)) SB
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231 2119 1905 (WAIS is an example of a "database of databases" which can pull together diverse information services available) SB
231 2169 1919 (on a network into one easy-to-use service.  Applications like WAIS are likely to become essential tools for quick) SB
231 2219 1259 (and easy access to the wealth of information stored in computer networks.) SB
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743 2376 177 (ERVICES) SB
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231 2477 1939 (These services allow you to locate people and computers on a network, much like you would use "white pages" or) SB
231 2527 1112 ("yellow pages" to find the phone numbers of people and services.) SB
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1436 2976 745 (Section 4: Knowledge at Your Fingertips) SB
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660 289 1092 (Chapter 9: Electronic Journals) SB
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231 637 1838 ("Electronic journals" are the computer network equivalent of printed magazines in form and function.  They) SB
231 687 1833 (usually feature submitted articles, which are screened and edited to a common format, and often deal with a) SB
231 737 1805 (relatively broad topic.  "Electronic newsletters" are usually shorter, more specific, and, as the name would) SB
231 787 983 (suggest, more oriented towards news and announcements.) SB
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231 1045 1924 (There are a wide variety of electronic journals and newsletters which, just like printed magazines, range from the) SB
231 1095 459 (mainstream to the esoteric.) SB
231 1195 1817 (Some electronic journals are nearly indistinguishable from formal and scholarly printed journals of learned) SB
231 1245 1874 (societies.  These journals are  published only after rigorous "peer review" and articles accepted for publication) SB
231 1295 1934 (focus on the leading concerns of established academic disciplines.  Other journals are considerably more informal) SB
231 1345 958 (and contain a wide variety of articles of general interest.) SB
231 1445 1932 (The documents listed in the "For More Information Section" provide comprehensive and up-to-date listings of the) SB
231 1495 1046 (many electronic journals and newsletters which are available.) SB
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231 1753 1899 (To get regular printed magazines, you can subscribe and have each issue sent to you by mail, or you can go to a) SB
231 1803 767 (newsstand to pick up each issue individually.) SB
231 1903 1888 (Obtaining electronic journals works in essentially the same way, except everything is done from a computer on) SB
231 1953 206 (the Internet.) SB
231 2053 1383 (1.  You can send a subscription request and receive each issue via electronic mail) SB
231 2153 1356 (2.  You can obtain current or old issues via FTP, LISTSERVers, or mail-servers) SB
231 2253 1692 (Here's an example of how to subscribe to an electronic journal known as "The Electronic Journal of) SB
231 2303 1749 (Communication / La Revue Electronique de Communication," a bilingual, quarterly journal devoted to) SB
231 2353 903 (communication theory, research, practice and policy.) SB
231 2453 518 (Address an e-mail message to:) SB
381 2553 450 (comserve@vm.ecs.rpi.edu) SB
231 2653 408 (containing the message:) SB
381 2753 440 (join ejcrec your full name) SB
231 2853 74 (e.g.:) SB
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1622 2976 559 (Chapter 9: Electronic Journals) SB
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381 287 436 (join ejcrec Jane Q. Public) SB
231 387 1799 (Note that this subscription request, as is the case with many subscription requests, will be processed by an) SB
231 437 1769 (electronic mail server - a computer program which only understands a certain limited and specific set of) SB
231 487 1575 (commands \(for more information on electronic mail servers, refer to Chapter 3 of NUSIRG\).) SB
231 587 1835 (The information you will need to subscribe to or obtain back issues of most available electronic journals are) SB
231 637 679 (provided in the documents listed below.) SB
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231 895 1835 (If you want to subscribe to electronic journals, you should get a copy of the document entitled "Directory of) SB
231 945 1843 (Electronic Journals, Newsletters, and Scholarly Discussion Lists,"  published by the Association of Research) SB
231 995 164 (Libraries.) SB
231 1095 1916 (This directory currently lists over 500 scholarly lists, about 30 journals, over 60 newsletters, and 15 "other" titles) SB
231 1145 1864 (including some newsletter-digests and specific instructions for obtaining each publication by mail or via FTP.) SB
231 1245 1567 (Electronic copies of this directory are currently available from the following LISTSERVers:) SB
381 1345 512 (listserv@brownvm.brown.edu) SB
381 1395 666 (listserv%uottawa@vm.utcs.utoronto.ca) SB
231 1495 567 (Filenames \(notice the spellings!\):) SB
381 1595 284 (ejournl1 directry) SB
381 1645 284 (ejournl2 directry) SB
231 1745 291 (Example Syntax:) SB
381 1845 88 (mail:) SB
681 1845 666 (listserv%uottawa@vm.utcs.utoronto.ca) SB
381 1895 132 (subject:) SB
681 1895 285 (\(none necessary\)) SB
381 1945 155 (message:) SB
681 1945 347 (get ejournl1 directry) SB
231 2045 1262 (If you want to purchase a bound book version of this information, contact:) SB
231 2145 746 (Office of Scientific & Academic Publishing) SB
231 2195 575 (Association of Research Libraries) SB
231 2245 604 (1527 New Hampshire Avenue, NW) SB
231 2295 538 (Washington, DC  20036    USA) SB
381 2395 121 (e-mail:) SB
681 2395 255 (arlhq%umdc@) SB
381 2445 115 (phone:) SB
681 2445 481 (\(202\) 232-2466 or 462-7849) SB
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1622 2976 559 (Chapter 9: Electronic Journals) SB
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231 637 1902 (In the broadest sense, an electronic book is any document which is lengthy enough to be considered a book, and) SB
231 687 1428 (which is stored on a diskette, a hard drive, a magnetic tape, or a compact disk \(CD\).) SB
231 787 1843 (By this definition, you are currently reading part of an electronic book, since the NUSIRG is available, in its) SB
231 837 1816 (entirety, as files from the NorthWestNet FTP archives.  And, by this definition, the many computer-related) SB
231 887 1948 (manuals which are available by FTP can also be thought of as electronic books, sometimes referred to as "e-texts.") SB
231 987 1911 (But this chapter will focus on a special class of electronic books, "classical texts" of world literature such as The) SB
231 1037 1927 (Declaration of Independence, The Great Gatsby, the Bible and the Koran, the Oxford English Dictionary, or even) SB
231 1087 852 ("Hikayat Indraputra," the notable Malay romance.) SB
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456 768 1476 (The library was laid out on a plan which has remained obscure...only the librarian has) SB
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231 1721 1933 (Using an OPAC is essentially just like using a card catalog.  The only difference is that instead of pulling drawers) SB
231 1771 1947 (and riffling through cards, you login to an OPAC from a computer, and search the catalog by typing the key words) SB
231 1821 1877 (on which you want to base your search.  No matter how small your local or institutional library is, information) SB
231 1871 1891 (about tens of millions of books and articles is now at your fingertips.  Thus, it's easy to understand why OPACs) SB
231 1921 1347 (are a significant and extremely powerful development in access to information.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
231 2068 47 (W) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
278 2078 93 (HAT ) SB
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371 2068 33 (Y) SB
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404 2078 71 (OU ) SB
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475 2068 36 (C) SB
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511 2078 69 (AN ) SB
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580 2068 36 (D) SB
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616 2078 42 (O ) SB
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658 2068 47 (W) SB
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705 2078 75 (ITH ) SB
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780 2068 36 (A) SB
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816 2078 59 (LL ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
875 2068 144 (OPAC) SB
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1019 2078 27 (S) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2184 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2180 746 (Search for books by subject, title, or author.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2235 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2231 1368 (Obtain detailed bibliographic information about the books found by your search.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2286 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2282 1669 (If you are accessing an OPAC from your own mainframe account or a personal computer, you can) SB
456 2332 1652 (save the on-screen results of your searches to your own computer for local use. \(For example, the) SB
456 2382 1609 (program, 'script' in UNIX will save what appears as output to your screen to a file.  Type "man) SB
456 2432 552 (script" to get more information.\)) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
231 2529 36 (A) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
267 2539 228 (DDITIONAL ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
495 2529 33 (S) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
528 2539 158 (PECIAL ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
686 2529 31 (F) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
717 2539 269 (EATURES OF ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
986 2529 33 (S) SB
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1019 2539 102 (OME ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
1121 2529 144 (OPAC) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
1265 2539 27 (S) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2640 1948 (In addition to the basic subject/title/author searches, many OPACs allow you to do one or more \(or even all\) of the) SB
231 2690 176 (following:) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2795 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2791 706 (read brief summaries of books or articles,) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2846 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2842 879 (search for articles from newspapers and/or journals,) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1055 2976 1126 (Chapter 11: Accessing Library Catalogs Through the Internet) SB
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231 76 1002 (NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 292 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 288 1617 (search catalogs of special collections: CDs, videos, movies, photographs, maps, microfilm, and) SB
456 338 228 (phonographs,) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 393 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 389 421 (search special databases,) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 444 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 440 875 (do searches by other variables, such as "keywords,") SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 495 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 491 1635 (construct pin-point searches with the logical operators AND, OR, and NOT, or other specialized) SB
456 541 341 (searching functions,) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 596 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 592 761 (determine if a book is currently checked out,) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 647 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 643 427 (set up inter-library loans,) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 698 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 694 1595 (if there are multiple copies of a book in various branch libraries served by the OPAC, find the) SB
456 744 553 (location of the nearest copy, and) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 799 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 795 1716 (record results of your search and send them instantaneously \(or by e-mail \) to your own computer for) SB
456 845 161 (local use.) SB
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231 942 47 (W) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
278 952 93 (HAT ) SB
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371 942 33 (Y) SB
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404 952 71 (OU ) SB
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475 942 36 (C) SB
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511 952 58 (AN) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
569 942 12 (') SB
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581 952 35 (T ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
616 942 36 (D) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
652 952 42 (O ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
694 942 50 (\(Y) SB
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744 952 51 (ET) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
795 942 78 (\) W) SB
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873 952 75 (ITH ) SB
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948 942 144 (OPAC) SB
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1092 952 27 (S) SB
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381 1058 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1054 610 (read the actual text of documents or) SB
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381 1109 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1105 1687 (browse randomly through the library's shelves, encountering books, that by chance, may turn out to) SB
456 1155 1640 (be tremendously interesting for current or unanticipated interests. \(Thus OPACs currently do not) SB
456 1205 525 (foster the "serendipity effect."\)) SB
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231 1302 33 (E) SB
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264 1312 209 (SSENTIAL ) SB
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473 1302 39 (G) SB
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512 1312 229 (UIDES FOR ) SB
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741 1302 36 (U) SB
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777 1312 109 (SING ) SB
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886 1302 144 (OPAC) SB
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1030 1312 27 (S) SB
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231 1413 1879 (If you are planning to use OPACs through the Internet, you will find the following two documents very useful.) SB
231 1463 1827 (These documents  provide detailed access and descriptive information about the rapidly growing number of) SB
231 1513 1936 (OPACs you can access through the Internet.  Both of these sources are available from many FTP hosts throughout) SB
231 1563 1932 (the Internet; the hosts listed are the definitive repositories for these documents, and will always have the most up-) SB
231 1613 274 (to-date editions.) SB
231 1713 1572 (1.  "Internet Accessible Library Catalogs & Databases,"   by Art St. George and Ron Larsen.) SB
381 1813 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 1813 192 (nic.cerf.net) SB
381 1863 174 (Directory:) SB
831 1863 337 (cerfnet/cerfnet_info) SB
381 1913 94 (Files:) SB
831 1913 451 (internet-catalogs-08-91.txt) SB
1431 1913 178 (\(text only\)) SB
831 1963 516 (internet-catalogs-04-91_apl.ps) SB
1431 1963 315 (\(Apple PostScript\)) SB
381 2063 1786 (Note that the filename contains the date the file was most recently updated.  This may be different by the) SB
381 2113 545 (time you FTP from this archive.) SB
231 2213 1579 (2\)  "University of North Texas' Accessing Online Bibliographic Databases," by Billy Barron.) SB
381 2313 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 2313 284 (vaxb.acs.unt.edu) SB
381 2363 174 (Directory:) SB
831 2363 113 (library) SB
1431 2363 594 (\(this directory contains many other) SB
1431 2413 392 (useful files on OPACs\)) SB
381 2463 94 (Files:) SB
831 2463 187 (libraries.ps) SB
1431 2463 336 (\(PostScript version\)) SB
831 2513 195 (libraries.txt) SB
1431 2513 444 (\(ASCII, text only version\)) SB
831 2563 201 (libraries.wp) SB
1431 2563 454 (\(Word Perfect 5.0 version\)) SB
231 2663 1452 (Run--do not walk--to your terminal, and FTP one or both of these essential resources.) SB
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1055 2976 1126 (Chapter 11: Accessing Library Catalogs Through the Internet) SB
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231 334 33 (E) SB
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264 344 204 (FFECTIVE ) SB
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468 334 36 (U) SB
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504 344 131 (SE OF ) SB
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635 334 39 (O) SB
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674 344 120 (NLINE) SB
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794 334 53 (-C) SB
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847 344 206 (ATALOGS ) SB
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1053 334 17 (\() SB
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1070 344 60 (OR) SB
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1130 334 88 (, "H) SB
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1218 344 146 (OW TO ) SB
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1364 334 31 (T) SB
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1395 344 109 (HINK ) SB
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1504 334 31 (L) SB
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1535 344 147 (IKE AN ) SB
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1682 334 185 (OPAC"\)) SB
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231 445 1922 (If you've never used the card catalog of a large library, you're in for a big surprise.  Searches through OPACs can) SB
231 495 1939 (yield hundreds or even thousands of citations for what you might think are highly specialized topics.  Searches for) SB
231 545 1900 (individual authors tend to yield manageable results.  But subject searches, especially if the subject is not chosen) SB
231 595 1245 (carefully, may deposit many screen-fulls of information to your terminal.) SB
231 695 1944 (For example, most American OPACs use Library of Congress Subject Headings which are very precise and highly) SB
231 745 1889 (structured.  Subject headings which are intuitively sensible to you may not yield ANY search results, if they do) SB
231 795 1903 (not correspond precisely to an entry in the OPAC's list of subject headings.  Although some OPACs will display) SB
231 845 1919 (available subjects on your terminal, it is sometimes useful to consult the "Library of Congress Subject Headings") SB
231 895 1892 (book before beginning a large scale OPAC search.  This reference is available at most libraries.  There is also a) SB
231 945 1178 ("Medical Subject Headings" volume useful for services like Medline.) SB
231 1045 1943 (There are a number of things to keep in mind which will make it easier to find what you're looking for when using) SB
231 1095 173 (an OPAC.) SB
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381 1200 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1196 555 (Start with a very specific search.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1251 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1247 1685 (Use special search tools, such as the logical operators AND, OR, and NOT, or wildcard symbols, if) SB
456 1297 312 (they are available.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1352 32 (o) SB
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456 1348 1660 (When you find an entry which seems to be very close to what you need, examine its subject, title,) SB
456 1398 1687 (author, and keyword fields.  This can help you narrow or broaden your search, and may lead you to) SB
456 1448 1671 (other appropriate entries by suggesting search terms you might not have considered ahead of time.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1503 32 (o) SB
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456 1499 1643 (If one OPAC doesn't give you the reference\(s\) you want, try another, or consult the Barron or St.) SB
456 1549 1492 (George list to see if a particular OPAC is very strong in the subject you are researching.) SB
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231 1646 39 (G) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
270 1656 157 (ETTING ) SB
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427 1646 33 (S) SB
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460 1656 173 (TARTED ) SB
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633 1646 47 (W) SB
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680 1656 75 (ITH ) SB
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755 1646 14 (I) SB
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769 1656 200 (NTERNET ) SB
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969 1646 36 (A) SB
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1005 1656 216 (CCESS OF ) SB
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1221 1646 144 (OPAC) SB
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1365 1656 27 (S) SB
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231 1757 1561 (Here is a list of a few Internet accessible OPACs in the United States and Canada to try out.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 1 0 41 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
gs 524 51 359 1854 CB
381 1854 304 (Internet Address) SB
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gs 599 51 884 1854 CB
906 1854 417 (Institutional Affiliation) SB
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gs 524 51 1484 1854 CB
1506 1854 335 (Login Information) SB
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gs 524 50 359 1955 CB
381 1958 268 (bootes.unm.edu) SB
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gs 599 50 884 1955 CB
906 1958 454 (University of New Mexico) SB
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gs 524 50 1484 1955 CB
1506 1958 322 (login: STUDENT1) SB
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gs 524 50 359 2005 CB
381 2008 250 (bull.utulsa.edu) SB
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gs 599 50 884 2005 CB
906 2008 329 (University of Tulsa) SB
gr
gs 524 50 1484 2005 CB
1506 2008 270 (login: LIAS,TU) SB
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gs 524 50 359 2055 CB
381 2058 220 (cts.merit.edu) SB
gr
gs 599 50 884 2055 CB
906 2058 397 (University of Michigan) SB
gr
gs 524 50 1484 2055 CB
1506 2058 82 (none) SB
gr
gs 524 50 359 2105 CB
381 2108 350 (develnet.ucalgary.ca) SB
gr
gs 599 50 884 2105 CB
906 2108 369 (University of Calgary) SB
gr
gs 524 50 1484 2105 CB
1506 2108 272 (Request: library) SB
gr
gs 524 50 359 2155 CB
381 2158 283 (melvyl.ucop.edu) SB
gr
gs 599 50 884 2155 CB
906 2158 407 (University of California) SB
gr
gs 524 50 1484 2155 CB
1506 2158 82 (none) SB
gr
gs 524 50 359 2205 CB
381 2208 281 (nls.adp.wisc.edu) SB
gr
gs 599 50 884 2205 CB
906 2208 413 (University of Wisconsin) SB
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gs 524 50 1484 2205 CB
1506 2208 82 (none) SB
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gs 524 50 359 2255 CB
381 2258 201 (pac.carl.org) SB
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gs 599 50 884 2255 CB
906 2258 358 (Colorado Alliance of) SB
gr
gs 524 50 1484 2255 CB
1506 2258 82 (none) SB
gr
gs 599 100 884 2305 CB
906 2308 319 (Research Libraries) SB
gr
231 2408 1932 (There are hundreds of other OPACs available, so don't make these your default sites.  If you decide you are going) SB
231 2458 1866 (to use OPACs for teaching or research, be sure to get a copy of either or both the Barron or St. George/Larsen) SB
231 2508 1869 (catalogs so you can learn about other OPACs that may be closer geographically and in areas of specialization.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 2655 531 (A Sample OPAC Session) SB
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231 2769 1923 (There are many different software packages for OPACs.  To further complicate matters, some of the most widely) SB
231 2819 1900 (used packages can be modified heavily by particular sites, and some sites use home grown packages which may) SB
231 2869 1719 (have very peculiar features and behaviors, especially when used from remote locations via TELNET.) SB
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1055 2976 1126 (Chapter 11: Accessing Library Catalogs Through the Internet) SB
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231 287 1863 (However, there are enough similarities between OPACs that a sample session from one should give you a fair) SB
231 337 865 (indication of what using most other OPACs is like.) SB
231 437 1906 (This section presents a session using the University of California's MELVYL System.  Note that this session has) SB
231 487 938 (been edited slightly to make it easier to read on a page.) SB
231 587 1523 (This session illustrates the essential steps you'd want to take when using most any OPAC:) SB
231 687 118 (Step 1.) SB
381 687 1783 (TELNET to the OPAC of your choice.  For OPACs using IBM based systems, use a TELNET capable of) SB
381 737 494 (3270 emulation \(e.g. tn3270\)) SB
875 737 11 (.) SB
231 787 118 (Step 2.) SB
381 787 871 (Enter a terminal type.  \(vt100 is usually a safe bet.\)) SB
231 837 118 (Step 3.) SB
381 837 677 (Use online help.  \(Repeat as necessary.\)) SB
231 887 118 (Step 4.) SB
381 887 606 (Select a database within the OPAC.) SB
231 937 118 (Step 5.) SB
381 937 1722 (Select the degree of prompting you want from the system while doing your search \(e.g., be led by the) SB
381 987 492 (hand, or plow right through.\)) SB
231 1037 118 (Step 6.) SB
381 1037 929 (Select a search type \(typically, Author, Subject, Title\).) SB
231 1087 118 (Step 7.) SB
381 1087 1640 (Enter a value for the search.  \(NOTE: Steps 6 and 7 are often a single step in other OPACS, e.g.,) SB
381 1137 596 ("SU=ENDANGERED SPECIES."\)) SB
231 1187 118 (Step 8.) SB
381 1187 811 (If necessary, redefine and/or refine your search.) SB
231 1237 118 (Step 9.) SB
381 1237 924 (Repeat steps 3-9, in any order, for additional searches.) SB
231 1287 139 (Step 10.) SB
381 1287 663 (Logoff and end your TELNET session.) SB
231 1387 1928 (Throughout the session, lines on which the user is prompted by the OPAC begin with a "U>".    Words printed by) SB
231 1437 1928 (the OPAC on the prompt line are in all uppercase.  Responses typed by the user appear in lower case.  As always,) SB
231 1487 1688 (<RETURN> means press the RETURN key on your keyboard \(or, in some cases, the ENTER key\).) SB
231 1587 980 (Note that this OPAC session is rather long - intentionally.) SB
231 1687 1926 (It would have been easy to present a quick and easy session which immediately produced references to thousands) SB
231 1737 1934 (of citations.  But as you probably know from your experience with regular card catalogs, effective use of a library) SB
231 1787 1747 (system often requires careful consideration and reconsideration of how to define your literature search.) SB
231 1887 1798 (This OPAC session is meant to reflect this reality: the first search in this example yields no results, but by) SB
231 1937 1909 (modifying the search slightly, and following suggestions from MELVYL, a very similar search yields more than) SB
231 1987 232 (500 citations!) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 2134 676 (Step 1.  TELNET to the OPAC.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2248 1884 (To get started, TELNET into MELVYL, and then you will be prompted to provide some information about the) SB
231 2298 666 (computer from which you are working.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1055 2976 1126 (Chapter 11: Accessing Library Catalogs Through the Internet) SB
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231 76 1002 (NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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381 290 454 (U> telnet melvyl.ucop.edu) SB
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381 390 1104 (22:13:22  Type START and press RETURN key to begin session) SB
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381 490 281 (U> <RETURN>) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 587 CB
381 590 1273 (Please Enter Your Terminal Type Code or Type HELP for a List of Codes.) SB
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381 690 385 (U> TERMINAL? help) SB
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381 790 944 (Please enter the Terminal Type Code for your terminal.) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 887 CB
381 890 964 (Supported Terminal Types and their character codes are:) SB
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gs 298 100 360 987 CB
381 990 114 (CODE) SB
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681 990 217 (TERMINAL) SB
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1281 990 114 (CODE) SB
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1581 990 217 (TERMINAL) SB
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381 1090 124 (TTY33) SB
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681 1090 323 (Teletype 33 \(TTY\)) SB
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1281 1090 181 (BANTAM) SB
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1581 1090 368 (Perkin Elmer Bantam) SB
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381 1140 140 (ESPRIT) SB
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681 1140 275 (Hazeltine Esprit) SB
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1281 1140 148 (ADM3A) SB
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1581 1140 148 (ADM 3a) SB
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381 1190 133 (PE1100) SB
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681 1190 320 (Perkin Elmer 1100) SB
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1281 1190 170 (HAZ1500) SB
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1581 1190 258 (Hazeltine 1500) SB
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381 1240 229 (HARDCOPY) SB
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gs 599 50 659 1237 CB
681 1240 324 (Decwriter/Gencom) SB
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gs 299 50 1259 1237 CB
1281 1240 170 (HAZ2000) SB
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gs 448 50 1559 1237 CB
1581 1240 258 (Hazeltine 2000) SB
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381 1290 130 (IBMPC) SB
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681 1290 415 (IBM Personal Computer) SB
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gs 299 50 1259 1287 CB
1281 1290 142 (HEATH) SB
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1581 1290 229 (Heathkit H19) SB
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gs 298 50 360 1337 CB
381 1340 161 (KERMIT) SB
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gs 599 50 659 1337 CB
681 1340 349 (KERMIT Emulation) SB
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gs 299 50 1259 1337 CB
1281 1340 119 (VT100) SB
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gs 448 50 1559 1337 CB
1581 1340 198 (Dec VT100) SB
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2 49 357 1337 B
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gs 298 50 360 1387 CB
381 1390 135 (ACT5A) SB
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gs 599 50 659 1387 CB
681 1390 293 (Microterm Act5a) SB
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gs 299 50 1259 1387 CB
1281 1390 113 (ADDS) SB
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gs 448 50 1559 1387 CB
1581 1390 211 (ADDS/NCR) SB
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gs 298 50 360 1437 CB
381 1440 137 (HP2621) SB
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gs 599 50 659 1437 CB
681 1440 429 (Hewlett Packard HP2621) SB
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gs 299 50 1259 1437 CB
1281 1440 209 (BITGRAPH) SB
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gs 448 50 1559 1437 CB
1581 1440 245 (BBN Bitgraph) SB
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381 1490 103 (TI700) SB
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681 1490 224 (TI Silent 700) SB
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1281 1490 124 (TTY40) SB
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gs 448 50 1559 1487 CB
1581 1490 323 (Teletype 40 \(TTY\)) SB
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gs 298 50 360 1537 CB
381 1540 167 (TELE920) SB
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gs 599 50 659 1537 CB
681 1540 414 (Televideo 910, 912, 920) SB
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gs 299 50 1259 1537 CB
1281 1540 176 (DISPLAY) SB
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gs 448 50 1559 1537 CB
1581 1540 322 (IBM Displaywriter) SB
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381 1590 179 (TANDEM) SB
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681 1590 243 (Tandem 635X) SB
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gs 299 50 1259 1587 CB
1281 1590 140 (OTHER) SB
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gs 448 50 1559 1587 CB
1581 1590 177 (All Others) SB
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2 99 357 1587 B
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381 1690 1243 (Please Enter Your Terminal Type Code or Type HELP for List of Codes.) SB
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32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1840 652 (Step 2.  Enter a terminal code.) SB
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231 1954 1899 ("Terminal type" does not mean "is your computer a Macintosh or an IBM mainframe?" but rather "what kind of) SB
231 2004 1939 (terminal can your computer 'emulate'?"  Any particular computer can, depending upon installed software, emulate) SB
231 2054 469 (one or more terminal types.) SB
231 2154 1931 (With some TELNET services, you can ask for a display of the terminal types supported by that particular service.) SB
231 2204 1824 (The list displayed by MELVYL includes VT100, a kind of "full screen" terminal emulation very frequently) SB
231 2254 1452 (included in personal computer and mainframe telecommunication software packages.) SB
231 2354 1843 (If you're not sure what kind of terminal emulation your computer is using, many OPACs and other TELNET) SB
231 2404 1781 (services allow you to use a "dumb" terminal type which performs the most basic "teletype" functions.  In) SB
231 2454 1699 (MELVYL, the dumb terminal type is called "other," which is what we'll use for this sample session.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1055 2976 1126 (Chapter 11: Accessing Library Catalogs Through the Internet) SB
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231 76 1002 (NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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2067 76 69 (108) SB
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381 290 408 (U> TERMINAL? Other) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 387 CB
381 390 760 (Press RETURN for the MELVYL Catalog U) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 487 CB
381 490 281 (U> <RETURN>) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 587 CB
827 590 712 (Welcome to the University of California's) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 687 CB
900 690 567 (MELVYL* LIBRARY SYSTEM) SB
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630 790 1106 (\(c\)1984. *Registered trademark of The Regents of the University) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 887 CB
1069 890 229 (of California.) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 987 CB
381 990 1479 (OPTIONS:  Choose an option, or type any command to enter the CATALOG database.) SB
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gs 298 50 360 1087 CB
381 1090 105 (HELP) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 1087 CB
681 1090 450 (For help in getting started.) SB
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gs 298 50 360 1137 CB
381 1140 129 ([return]) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 1137 CB
681 1140 870 (Press RETURN to choose a database for searching.) SB
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gs 298 100 360 1187 CB
381 1190 234 (START <db>) SB
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gs 1348 100 659 1187 CB
681 1190 900 (Type START <database name> to search a database.) SB
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32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1340 747 (Step 3.  Investigate the online help.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1454 1907 (Notice that at the end of step 2, MELVYL offered help in getting started.  You can save a great deal of time and) SB
231 1504 1877 (make better use of online resources if you investigate any help that might be offered.  In MELVYL, the "help") SB
231 1554 1644 (command can be used to display what options are available at certain points during your session.) SB
gs 1647 103 360 1651 CB
381 1657 138 (U> help) SB
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381 1757 535 (The options for proceeding are:) SB
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381 1857 129 ([return]) SB
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gs 1273 50 734 1854 CB
756 1857 1046 (Press RETURN to see the list of MELVYL system databases.) SB
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gs 1273 50 734 1904 CB
756 1907 729 (You may then choose a database to search.) SB
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381 1957 234 (START <db>) SB
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756 1957 1199 (If you already know the name of the database you want to search, type) SB
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gs 1273 50 734 2004 CB
756 2007 845 (START and the database name, e.g., START CC.) SB
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gs 373 50 360 2054 CB
381 2057 250 (Any command) SB
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gs 1273 50 734 2054 CB
756 2057 1213 (By typing any other valid command, e.g., FIND or EXPLAIN, you will) SB
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gs 1273 100 734 2104 CB
756 2107 527 (enter the CATALOG database.) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 2204 CB
381 2207 281 (U> <RETURN>) SB
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231 2410 1628 (In the last screen we've pressed the RETURN key which yields a display of MELVYL catalogs.) SB
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1055 2976 1126 (Chapter 11: Accessing Library Catalogs Through the Internet) SB
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231 76 1002 (NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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2067 76 69 (109) SB
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879 290 608 (MELVYL SYSTEM DATABASES) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 387 CB
845 390 677 (Select one database from the list below.) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 487 CB
381 490 321 (Library Databases:) SB
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gs 148 50 360 587 CB
381 590 82 (TEN) SB
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gs 1498 50 509 587 CB
531 590 517 (For faster searches, type TEN;) SB
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gs 1498 50 509 637 CB
531 640 1142 (Ten-Year MELVYL Catalog; materials published from 1981-1991.) SB
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gs 148 50 360 687 CB
381 690 84 (CAT) SB
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gs 1498 50 509 687 CB
531 690 1141 (Full MELVYL Catalog - UC libraries and California State Library.) SB
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gs 148 100 360 737 CB
381 740 49 (PE) SB
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gs 1498 100 509 737 CB
531 740 1019 (Periodical Titles - Calif. Academic Libraries List of Serials.) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 837 CB
381 840 1205 (Journal Article Indexes:  \(for UC users only; password may be needed\)) SB
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gs 148 50 360 937 CB
381 940 56 (CC) SB
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gs 599 50 509 937 CB
531 940 426 (CURRENT CONTENTS) SB
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gs 898 50 1109 937 CB
1131 940 592 (current articles in all subject areas.) SB
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381 990 82 (CCT) SB
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gs 599 50 509 987 CB
531 990 426 (CURRENT CONTENTS) SB
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gs 898 50 1109 987 CB
1131 990 684 (journal tables of contents in all subjects.) SB
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gs 148 100 360 1037 CB
381 1040 93 (MED) SB
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gs 599 100 509 1037 CB
531 1040 375 (MELVYL MEDLINE) SB
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gs 898 100 1109 1037 CB
1131 1040 616 (articles in medical and life sciences.) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 1137 CB
381 1140 259 (Other Systems:) SB
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gs 298 100 360 1237 CB
381 1240 140 (OTHER) SB
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gs 1348 100 659 1237 CB
681 1240 1094 (To select other library catalogs and remote information systems.) SB
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gs 298 100 360 1337 CB
381 1340 155 (Shortcut:) SB
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gs 1348 100 659 1337 CB
681 1340 1234 (type any command to enter the CAT database \(e.g., FIND or EXPLAIN\)) SB
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gs 1647 50 360 1437 CB
381 1440 1325 (Type the code for one option \(e.g., TEN\), HELP, or END to end your session.) SB
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32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1590 935 (Step 4.  Select a database within the OPAC.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1704 1946 (For this session, we'll use the MELVYL Ten-Year database, which only includes materials published in the last 10) SB
231 1754 1794 (years.  Notice that MELVYL's holdings for this brief period includes more than 1.5 million distinct titles!) SB
gs 1647 103 360 1851 CB
381 1857 201 (U> start ten) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 1954 CB
381 1957 646 (Command being issued: START TEN) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 2054 CB
690 2057 986 (Welcome to the MELVYL TEN-YEAR Catalog Database) SB
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1 F
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2 99 2007 2054 B
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gs 298 50 360 2154 CB
381 2157 162 (Contents:) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 2154 CB
681 2157 1152 (As of 9/8/91, approximately 1,580,596 titles representing 3,578,900) SB
gr
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gs 1348 50 659 2204 CB
681 2207 1069 (holdings, for materials in the University of California libraries,) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 2254 CB
681 2257 552 (and the California State Library,) SB
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gs 298 50 360 2304 CB
381 2307 174 (Coverage:) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 2304 CB
681 2307 634 (Publication dates 1981 through 1991.) SB
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gs 298 50 360 2354 CB
381 2357 188 (OPTIONS:) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 2354 CB
681 2357 1007 (Type an option and press RETURN, or type any command.) SB
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2 49 357 2354 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2354 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 2404 CB
381 2407 105 (HELP) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 2404 CB
681 2407 450 (For help in getting started.) SB
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2 49 357 2404 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2404 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 2454 CB
381 2457 222 (COMMAND) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 2454 CB
681 2457 886 (To use commands and for periodicals; use any time.) SB
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2 49 357 2454 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2454 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 2504 CB
381 2507 169 (LOOKUP) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 2504 CB
681 2507 1036 (For Lookup Mode--the system leads you through commands.) SB
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2 49 357 2504 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2504 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 2554 CB
381 2557 133 (START) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 2554 CB
681 2557 578 (To start over or change databases.) SB
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2 49 357 2554 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2554 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 2604 CB
381 2607 86 (END) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 2604 CB
681 2607 350 (To end your session.) SB
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297 2 360 2654 B
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231 334 1446 (Step 5.  Select what degree of prompting you want from the system.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 448 1948 (Many interactive Internet services allow you to tailor sessions to your level of expertise, ranging from step-by-step) SB
231 498 1876 (help for new users, to a nearly blank screen for expert users.  The information presented in the previous screen) SB
231 548 1043 (indicates that one can type "lookup" for extensive prompting.) SB
gs 1647 103 360 645 CB
381 651 335 (U>  TEN -> lookup) SB
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2 99 357 648 B
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gs 1647 100 360 748 CB
636 751 1095 (Welcome to Lookup Mode in the TEN-YEAR Catalog Database) SB
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2 99 357 748 B
1 F
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2 99 2007 748 B
1 F
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gs 1647 50 360 848 CB
381 851 1534 (You can start searching without learning the command language by following the prompts) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 898 CB
381 901 1177 (below.  You will see the appropriate commands used for your search.) SB
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2 149 357 848 B
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2 149 2007 848 B
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gs 1647 100 360 998 CB
381 1001 531 (At any time, you can also type:) SB
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2 99 357 998 B
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2 99 2007 998 B
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gs 598 50 360 1098 CB
381 1101 442 (SET MODE COMMAND) SB
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gs 1048 50 959 1098 CB
981 1101 515 (to change to Command Mode.) SB
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2 49 357 1098 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 1098 B
1 F
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gs 598 50 360 1148 CB
381 1151 228 (START CAT) SB
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gs 1048 50 959 1148 CB
981 1151 720 (to change to the full CATALOG database.) SB
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2 49 357 1148 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 1148 B
1 F
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gs 598 100 360 1198 CB
381 1201 86 (END) SB
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gs 1048 100 959 1198 CB
981 1201 336 (to end your session.) SB
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2 99 357 1198 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 1198 B
1 F
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gs 1647 100 360 1298 CB
381 1301 427 (Press RETURN to begin.) SB
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2 99 357 1298 B
1 F
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2 99 2007 1298 B
1 F
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gs 1647 100 360 1398 CB
381 1401 356 (U> TEN -> <return>) SB
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2 2 357 1498 B
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2 2 2007 1498 B
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2 2 2007 1498 B
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231 1554 1355 (Now let's go back to the Ten-Year catalog, and continue with step-by-step help.) SB
gs 1647 103 360 1651 CB
381 1657 1173 (In Lookup Mode, you can search for books at the following libraries:) SB
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2 2 357 1651 B
1 F
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2 2 357 1651 B
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2 99 357 1654 B
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gs 178 50 360 1754 CB
381 1757 89 (Code) SB
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gs 644 50 539 1754 CB
561 1757 127 (Library) SB
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gs 149 50 1184 1754 CB
1206 1757 89 (Code) SB
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gs 673 50 1334 1754 CB
1356 1757 127 (Library) SB
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gs 178 50 360 1804 CB
381 1807 82 (ALL) SB
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gs 644 50 539 1804 CB
561 1807 434 (All libraries in MELVYL) SB
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gs 149 50 1184 1804 CB
1206 1807 81 (CAS) SB
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gs 673 50 1334 1804 CB
1356 1807 467 (California Academy of Sci.) SB
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2 49 357 1804 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 1804 B
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gs 178 50 360 1854 CB
381 1857 86 (UCB) SB
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gs 644 50 539 1854 CB
561 1857 429 (Berkeley; includes MOF,) SB
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gs 149 50 1184 1854 CB
1206 1857 82 (CRL) SB
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gs 673 50 1334 1854 CB
1356 1857 422 (Center for Res. Libraries) SB
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2 49 357 1854 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 1854 B
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gs 178 50 360 1904 CB
381 1907 90 (MOF) SB
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gs 644 50 539 1904 CB
561 1907 502 (UCB Moffitt Undergrad. Lib.) SB
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gs 149 50 1184 1904 CB
1206 1907 77 (CSL) SB
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gs 673 50 1334 1904 CB
1356 1907 408 (California St. Lib.; incl.) SB
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2 49 357 1904 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 1904 B
1 F
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gs 178 50 360 1954 CB
381 1957 88 (UCD) SB
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gs 644 50 539 1954 CB
561 1957 387 (Davis and UCD NRLF) SB
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gs 673 50 1334 1954 CB
1356 1957 479 (Sutro Lib., S.F., CSL NRLF) SB
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2 49 357 1954 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 1954 B
1 F
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gs 178 50 360 2004 CB
381 2007 72 (UCI) SB
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gs 644 50 539 2004 CB
561 2007 367 (Irvine and UCI SRLF) SB
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gs 149 50 1184 2004 CB
1206 2007 83 (HAS) SB
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gs 673 50 1334 2004 CB
1356 2007 371 (Hastings Law Library) SB
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2 49 357 2004 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2004 B
1 F
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gs 178 50 360 2054 CB
381 2057 114 (UCLA) SB
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gs 644 50 539 2054 CB
561 2057 471 (Los Angeles; includes COL) SB
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gs 149 50 1184 2054 CB
1206 2057 80 (LBL) SB
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gs 673 50 1334 2054 CB
1356 2057 408 (Lawrence Berkeley Lab) SB
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2 49 357 2054 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2054 B
1 F
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gs 178 50 360 2104 CB
381 2107 84 (COL) SB
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gs 644 50 539 2104 CB
561 2107 540 (UCLA College Undergrad. Lib.) SB
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gs 149 50 1184 2104 CB
1206 2107 96 (LAW) SB
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gs 673 50 1334 2104 CB
1356 2107 571 (UC Law: UCB UCD UCLA HAS) SB
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2 49 357 2104 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2104 B
1 F
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gs 178 50 360 2154 CB
381 2157 86 (UCR) SB
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gs 644 50 539 2154 CB
561 2157 162 (Riverside) SB
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gs 149 50 1184 2154 CB
1206 2157 93 (MED) SB
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gs 673 50 1334 2154 CB
1356 2157 429 (UC Med. libraries.: UCD) SB
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2 49 357 2154 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2154 B
1 F
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gs 178 50 360 2204 CB
381 2207 111 (UCSD) SB
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gs 644 50 539 2204 CB
561 2207 435 (San Diego; includes SDU) SB
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gs 673 50 1334 2204 CB
1356 2207 456 (UCI, UCLA,UCSD, UCSF) SB
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2 49 357 2204 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2204 B
1 F
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gs 178 50 360 2254 CB
381 2257 83 (SDU) SB
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gs 644 50 539 2254 CB
561 2257 460 (San Diego Undergrad. Lib.) SB
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gs 149 50 1184 2254 CB
1206 2257 88 (NOR) SB
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gs 673 50 1334 2254 CB
1356 2257 480 (North UC libs.: UCB, UCD,) SB
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2 49 357 2254 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2254 B
1 F
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gs 178 50 360 2304 CB
381 2307 104 (UCSF) SB
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gs 644 50 539 2304 CB
561 2307 543 (San Francisco and UCSF NRLF) SB
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gs 673 50 1334 2304 CB
1356 2307 442 (UCSC, UCSF, HAS, LBL) SB
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2 49 357 2304 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2304 B
1 F
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gs 178 50 360 2354 CB
381 2357 109 (UCSB) SB
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gs 644 50 539 2354 CB
561 2357 239 (Santa Barbara) SB
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gs 149 50 1184 2354 CB
1206 2357 83 (SOU) SB
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gs 673 50 1334 2354 CB
1356 2357 492 (South UC libs.: UCI, UCLA,) SB
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2 49 357 2354 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2354 B
1 F
n
gs 178 50 360 2404 CB
381 2407 109 (UCSC) SB
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gs 644 50 539 2404 CB
561 2407 497 (Santa Cruz and UCSC NRLF) SB
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gs 673 50 1334 2404 CB
1356 2407 350 (UCR, UCSB, UCSD) SB
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2 49 357 2404 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2404 B
1 F
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gs 149 100 1184 2454 CB
1206 2457 58 (UC) SB
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gs 673 100 1334 2454 CB
1356 2457 460 (All, except CAS CRL CSL) SB
gr
2 99 357 2454 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 2454 B
1 F
n
gs 1647 50 360 2554 CB
381 2557 1433 (Type the code for your library or type ALL for all libraries in the catalog, then press) SB
gr
gs 1647 100 360 2604 CB
381 2607 1257 (RETURN. You can type up to 4 codes. Type HELP for more information.) SB
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2 149 357 2554 B
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1646 2 360 2704 B
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231 287 1914 (We've been asked which library we want to use; in this sample session, we'll search through all of the University) SB
231 337 379 (of California libraries.) SB
gs 1647 103 360 434 CB
381 440 261 (U > TEN -> all) SB
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1646 2 360 434 B
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2 99 357 437 B
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gs 1647 100 360 537 CB
381 540 465 (Welcome to Lookup mode.) SB
gr
2 99 357 537 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 537 B
1 F
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gs 1647 100 360 637 CB
381 640 497 (You can search for books by:) SB
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2 99 357 637 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 637 B
1 F
n
gs 1198 50 360 737 CB
381 740 749 (-the name of the person who wrote the book) SB
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gs 448 50 1559 737 CB
1581 740 303 (\(Personal Author\)) SB
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2 49 357 737 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 737 B
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gs 1198 50 360 787 CB
381 790 401 (-by the title of the book) SB
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gs 448 50 1559 787 CB
1581 790 109 (\(Title\)) SB
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2 49 357 787 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 787 B
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gs 1198 100 360 837 CB
381 840 822 (-or by the Subject headings assigned to the book) SB
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gs 448 100 1559 837 CB
1581 840 155 (\(Subject\)) SB
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381 940 87 (Type) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 937 CB
681 940 555 (for one of the following choices:) SB
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2 49 2007 937 B
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gs 298 50 360 987 CB
381 990 53 (PA) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 987 CB
681 990 394 (Personal Author search) SB
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2 49 2007 987 B
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gs 298 50 360 1037 CB
381 1040 53 (SU) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 1037 CB
681 1040 246 (Subject search) SB
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2 49 357 1037 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 1037 B
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gs 298 50 360 1087 CB
381 1090 40 (TI) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 1087 CB
681 1090 200 (Title search) SB
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2 49 357 1087 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 1087 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 1137 CB
381 1140 105 (HELP) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 1137 CB
681 1140 493 (More information on choices) SB
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2 49 357 1137 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 1137 B
1 F
n
gs 298 100 360 1187 CB
381 1190 86 (END) SB
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gs 1348 100 659 1187 CB
681 1190 299 (End your session.) SB
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2 99 357 1187 B
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297 2 360 1287 B
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32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1340 591 (Step 6. Select a search type.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1454 1455 (Now we'll indicate that we want to search through the catalog by subjects \(type "su"\):) SB
gs 1647 103 360 1551 CB
381 1557 244 (U> TEN -> su) SB
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2 99 357 1554 B
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2 99 2007 1554 B
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gs 1647 100 360 1654 CB
381 1657 1194 (Type SUBJECT heading words,  or type HELP,  then press RETURN.) SB
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2 99 357 1654 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 1654 B
1 F
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gs 1647 100 360 1754 CB
381 1757 280 (U> TEN -> help) SB
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2 99 357 1754 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 1754 B
1 F
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gs 1647 100 360 1854 CB
381 1857 554 (You have selected the SU index.) SB
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2 99 357 1854 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 1854 B
1 F
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gs 1647 100 360 1954 CB
381 1957 984 (A subject may be a topic, a geographic place, or a person.) SB
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2 99 357 1954 B
1 F
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2 99 2007 1954 B
1 F
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gs 1647 50 360 2054 CB
381 2057 1585 (Ask a reference librarian for "Library of Congress Subject Headings" or for "Medical Subject) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 2104 CB
381 2107 1447 (Headings,"   to help identify an official heading to use in your subject search request.) SB
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2 149 357 2054 B
1 F
n
2 149 2007 2054 B
1 F
n
gs 1647 50 360 2204 CB
381 2207 1584 (Try to be as specific as possible; otherwise you will retrieve more books than you can look at) SB
gr
gs 1647 50 360 2254 CB
381 2257 1489 (easily.  For example, typing the words MARINE BIOLOGY PACIFIC OCEAN is more) SB
gr
gs 1647 100 360 2304 CB
381 2307 545 (specific than typing BIOLOGY.) SB
gr
2 199 357 2204 B
1 F
n
2 199 2007 2204 B
1 F
n
gs 1647 50 360 2404 CB
381 2407 1512 (If you do not find the books you want, try repeating your search as  a title search or ask a) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 2454 CB
381 2457 395 (librarian for assistance.) SB
gr
2 149 357 2404 B
1 F
n
2 149 2007 2404 B
1 F
n
gs 1647 100 360 2554 CB
381 2557 915 (Type SUBJECT heading words, then press RETURN.) SB
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32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 2707 767 (Step 7. Enter a value for the search.) SB
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231 2821 1810 (Now we can enter a subject; let's try "extinction of species" which we'll abbreviate as "extinction species":) SB
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1055 2976 1126 (Chapter 11: Accessing Library Catalogs Through the Internet) SB
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381 290 510 (U> TEN -> extinction species) SB
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2 99 357 287 B
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gs 1647 100 360 387 CB
381 390 1081 (Command being processed: FIND SU EXTINCTION SPECIES) SB
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2 99 357 387 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 387 B
1 F
n
gs 1647 50 360 487 CB
381 490 871 (Search request: FIND SU EXTINCTION SPECIES) SB
gr
2 49 357 487 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 487 B
1 F
n
gs 1647 50 360 537 CB
381 540 1038 (Search result:  0 records in the TEN-YEAR Catalog database) SB
gr
2 49 357 537 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 537 B
1 F
n
gs 1647 100 360 587 CB
381 590 967 (Please type HELP for information on zero search results.) SB
gr
2 99 357 587 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 587 B
1 F
n
gs 1647 50 360 687 CB
381 690 1584 (Since your Subject search had zero results, you might want to try your search again as a Title) SB
gr
gs 1647 50 360 737 CB
381 740 1598 (Word \(TW\) search using 2 or 3 significant words.  Please type HELP for more information on) SB
gr
gs 1647 100 360 787 CB
381 790 205 (zero results.) SB
gr
2 199 357 687 B
1 F
n
2 199 2007 687 B
1 F
n
gs 1647 100 360 887 CB
381 890 718 (Type choice,  or type END to end session:) SB
gr
2 99 357 887 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 887 B
1 F
n
gs 148 50 360 987 CB
381 990 66 (TW) SB
gr
gs 749 50 509 987 CB
531 990 307 (Title Word search) SB
gr
gs 149 50 1259 987 CB
1281 990 53 (PA) SB
gr
gs 598 50 1409 987 CB
1431 990 484 (New Personal Author search) SB
gr
2 49 357 987 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 987 B
1 F
n
gs 148 100 360 1037 CB
381 1040 40 (TI) SB
gr
gs 749 100 509 1037 CB
531 1040 290 (New Title search) SB
gr
gs 149 100 1259 1037 CB
1281 1040 53 (SU) SB
gr
gs 598 100 1409 1037 CB
1431 1040 336 (New Subject search) SB
gr
2 99 357 1037 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 1037 B
1 F
n
gs 1647 50 360 1137 CB
381 1140 1594 (Or type START CAT LOOK to leave the TEN-YEAR database and try your search in the full) SB
gr
gs 1647 100 360 1187 CB
381 1190 368 (CATALOG database.) SB
gr
2 149 357 1137 B
1 F
n
2 149 2007 1137 B
1 F
n
gs 1647 100 360 1287 CB
381 1290 249 (U> TEN -> tw) SB
gr
2 99 357 1287 B
1 F
n
2 2 357 1387 B
1 F
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2 2 357 1387 B
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1646 2 360 1387 B
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2 99 2007 1287 B
1 F
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2 2 2007 1387 B
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1 F
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231 1443 1906 (No books were found with a request using "extinction species" as our subject.  But don't give up yet!  MELVYL) SB
231 1493 1850 (now allows the option of doing another search by several other fields, including the words in the book's titles) SB
231 1543 1919 (\(TW\).  Let's try another search, looking for books which have the words "species" and "extinction" in their titles:) SB
gs 1647 53 360 1640 CB
381 1646 1591 (Type 2 or 3 important words from the TITLE of the book you want, or type HELP, then press) SB
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gs 1647 103 360 1690 CB
381 1696 179 (RETURN.) SB
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2 2 357 1640 B
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2 2 357 1640 B
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1646 2 360 1640 B
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2 149 357 1643 B
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gs 1647 100 360 1793 CB
381 1796 510 (U> TEN -> extinction species) SB
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2 99 357 1793 B
1 F
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2 99 2007 1793 B
1 F
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gs 1647 100 360 1893 CB
381 1896 1094 (Command being processed: FIND TW EXTINCTION SPECIES) SB
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2 99 357 1893 B
1 F
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2 2 357 1993 B
1 F
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2 2 357 1993 B
1 F
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1646 2 360 1993 B
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2 99 2007 1893 B
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2 2 2007 1993 B
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231 2099 1875 (The search string "extinction species," which did not find anything during a subject search, locates 13 relevant) SB
231 2149 528 (titles with a Title Word search.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1055 2976 1126 (Chapter 11: Accessing Library Catalogs Through the Internet) SB
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231 76 1002 (NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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2067 76 69 (113) SB
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32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 1647 53 360 284 CB
381 290 884 (Search request: FIND TW EXTINCTION SPECIES) SB
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2 2 357 284 B
1 F
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2 2 357 284 B
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1646 2 360 284 B
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gs 1647 100 360 337 CB
381 340 1059 (Search result:  13 records in the TEN-YEAR Catalog database) SB
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2 99 357 337 B
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2 99 2007 337 B
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gs 1647 50 360 437 CB
381 440 1496 (1. Balancing on the brink of extinction : the Endangered Species Act and lessons for the) SB
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gs 1647 100 360 487 CB
381 490 620 (future / edited by Kathryn A. Kohm.) SB
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2 149 357 437 B
1 F
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2 149 2007 437 B
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gs 1647 50 360 587 CB
381 590 678 (Washington, D.C. : Island Press, c1991.) SB
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2 49 357 587 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 587 B
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gs 298 50 360 637 CB
381 640 86 (UCB) SB
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gs 299 50 659 637 CB
681 640 115 (BioSci) SB
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gs 449 50 959 637 CB
981 640 137 (KF5640) SB
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gs 224 50 1409 637 CB
1431 640 81 (.B35) SB
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gs 373 50 1634 637 CB
1656 640 84 (1991) SB
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2 49 357 637 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 637 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 687 CB
381 690 88 (UCD) SB
gr
gs 299 50 659 687 CB
681 690 159 (Main Lib) SB
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gs 449 50 959 687 CB
981 690 137 (KF5640) SB
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gs 224 50 1409 687 CB
1431 690 81 (.B35) SB
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gs 373 50 1634 687 CB
1656 690 84 (1991) SB
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2 49 357 687 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 687 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 737 CB
381 740 72 (UCI) SB
gr
gs 299 50 659 737 CB
681 740 159 (Main Lib) SB
gr
gs 449 50 959 737 CB
981 740 137 (KF5640) SB
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gs 224 50 1409 737 CB
1431 740 81 (.B35) SB
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gs 373 50 1634 737 CB
1656 740 84 (1991) SB
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2 49 357 737 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 737 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 787 CB
381 790 109 (UCSC) SB
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gs 299 50 659 787 CB
681 790 161 (McHenry) SB
gr
gs 449 50 959 787 CB
981 790 137 (KF5640) SB
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gs 224 50 1409 787 CB
1431 790 81 ( B35) SB
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gs 373 50 1634 787 CB
1656 790 84 (1991) SB
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2 49 357 787 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 787 B
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gs 298 50 360 837 CB
381 840 111 (UCSD) SB
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gs 299 50 659 837 CB
681 840 126 (Scripps) SB
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gs 449 50 959 837 CB
981 840 324 (KF5640 .B35 1991) SB
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gs 224 50 1409 837 CB
1431 840 123 (Floor 3) SB
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2 49 357 837 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 837 B
1 F
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gs 298 100 360 887 CB
381 890 81 (CAS) SB
gr
gs 299 100 659 887 CB
681 890 158 (Mailliard) SB
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gs 449 100 959 887 CB
981 890 137 (KF5640) SB
gr
gs 224 100 1409 887 CB
1431 890 81 (.B35) SB
gr
gs 373 100 1634 887 CB
1656 890 84 (1991) SB
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2 99 357 887 B
1 F
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2 99 2007 887 B
1 F
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gs 1647 100 360 987 CB
381 990 989 (Type choice,  or type HELP for help, END to end session:) SB
gr
2 99 357 987 B
1 F
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2 99 2007 987 B
1 F
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gs 148 50 360 1087 CB
381 1090 53 (NS) SB
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gs 599 50 509 1087 CB
531 1090 482 (Next screen of Short display) SB
gr
gs 149 50 1109 1087 CB
1131 1090 53 (PA) SB
gr
gs 748 50 1259 1087 CB
1281 1090 484 (New Personal Author search) SB
gr
2 49 357 1087 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 1087 B
1 F
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gs 148 50 360 1137 CB
381 1140 83 (SHO) SB
gr
gs 599 50 509 1137 CB
531 1140 436 (Different records in Short) SB
gr
gs 149 50 1109 1137 CB
1131 1140 53 (SU) SB
gr
gs 748 50 1259 1137 CB
1281 1140 336 (New Subject search) SB
gr
2 49 357 1137 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 1137 B
1 F
n
gs 148 50 360 1187 CB
381 1190 86 (LON) SB
gr
gs 599 50 509 1187 CB
531 1190 222 (Long display) SB
gr
gs 149 50 1109 1187 CB
1131 1190 40 (TI) SB
gr
gs 748 50 1259 1187 CB
1281 1190 290 (New Title search) SB
gr
2 49 357 1187 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 1187 B
1 F
n
gs 148 100 360 1237 CB
381 1240 84 (REV) SB
gr
gs 599 100 509 1237 CB
531 1240 262 (Review display) SB
gr
2 99 357 1237 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 1237 B
1 F
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gs 1647 50 360 1337 CB
381 1340 244 (U> TEN -> ns) SB
gr
2 49 357 1337 B
1 F
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2 2 357 1387 B
1 F
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2 2 357 1387 B
1 F
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1646 2 360 1387 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 1337 B
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2 2 2007 1387 B
1 F
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2 2 2007 1387 B
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231 1443 1107 (You can keep browsing through this short display by typing "ns".) SB
gs 1647 53 360 1540 CB
381 1546 884 (Search request: FIND TW EXTINCTION SPECIES) SB
gr
2 2 357 1540 B
1 F
n
2 2 357 1540 B
1 F
n
1646 2 360 1540 B
1 F
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2 2 2007 1540 B
1 F
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2 2 2007 1540 B
1 F
n
2 49 357 1543 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 1543 B
1 F
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gs 1647 100 360 1593 CB
381 1596 1059 (Search result:  13 records in the TEN-YEAR Catalog database) SB
gr
2 99 357 1593 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 1593 B
1 F
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gs 1647 50 360 1693 CB
381 1696 318 (2. Cohn, Jeffrey P.) SB
gr
2 49 357 1693 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 1693 B
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gs 1647 50 360 1743 CB
381 1746 1181 (The politics of extinction : [endangered species] / by Jeffrey P. Cohn.) SB
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2 49 357 1743 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 1743 B
1 F
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gs 1647 50 360 1793 CB
381 1796 946 (IN:  Government executive. Vol. 22, no. 10 \(Oct. 1990\)) SB
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2 49 357 1793 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 1793 B
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gs 1647 100 360 1843 CB
381 1846 561 (UCB              IGS                R.R.) SB
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2 99 357 1843 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 1843 B
1 F
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gs 1647 100 360 1943 CB
381 1946 989 (Type choice,  or type HELP for help, END to end session:) SB
gr
2 99 357 1943 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 1943 B
1 F
n
gs 148 50 360 2043 CB
381 2046 53 (NS) SB
gr
gs 599 50 509 2043 CB
531 2046 482 (Next screen of Short display) SB
gr
gs 149 50 1109 2043 CB
1131 2046 53 (PA) SB
gr
gs 748 50 1259 2043 CB
1281 2046 484 (New Personal Author search) SB
gr
2 49 357 2043 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2043 B
1 F
n
gs 148 50 360 2093 CB
381 2096 83 (SHO) SB
gr
gs 599 50 509 2093 CB
531 2096 436 (Different records in Short) SB
gr
gs 149 50 1109 2093 CB
1131 2096 53 (SU) SB
gr
gs 748 50 1259 2093 CB
1281 2096 336 (New Subject search) SB
gr
2 49 357 2093 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2093 B
1 F
n
gs 148 50 360 2143 CB
381 2146 86 (LON) SB
gr
gs 599 50 509 2143 CB
531 2146 222 (Long display) SB
gr
gs 149 50 1109 2143 CB
1131 2146 40 (TI) SB
gr
gs 748 50 1259 2143 CB
1281 2146 290 (New Title search) SB
gr
2 49 357 2143 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2143 B
1 F
n
gs 148 100 360 2193 CB
381 2196 84 (REV) SB
gr
gs 599 100 509 2193 CB
531 2196 262 (Review display) SB
gr
2 99 357 2193 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 2193 B
1 F
n
gs 1647 100 360 2293 CB
381 2296 261 (U> TEN -> rev) SB
gr
2 99 357 2293 B
1 F
n
2 2 357 2393 B
1 F
n
2 2 357 2393 B
1 F
n
1646 2 360 2393 B
1 F
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2 99 2007 2293 B
1 F
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2 2 2007 2393 B
1 F
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2 2 2007 2393 B
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32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1055 2976 1126 (Chapter 11: Accessing Library Catalogs Through the Internet) SB
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0 69 75 2550 3300 300 SM
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gs 1650 100 208 75 CB
231 76 1002 (NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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gs 299 100 1859 75 CB
2067 76 69 (114) SB
gr
0 0 0 fC
/fm 256 def
1650 2 207 175 B
1 F
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1650 2 207 181 B
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8 2 1858 175 B
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8 2 1858 181 B
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290 2 1867 175 B
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290 2 1867 181 B
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32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 287 1940 (Alternatively, MELVYL allows us to review all of the titles retrieved by our search request.  When we type "rev";) SB
231 337 446 (the display looks like this:) SB
gs 1647 53 360 434 CB
381 440 1118 (1.  Balancing on the brink of extinction : the Endangered .... 1991) SB
gr
2 2 357 434 B
1 F
n
2 2 357 434 B
1 F
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1646 2 360 434 B
1 F
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2 2 2007 434 B
1 F
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2 2 2007 434 B
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2 49 357 437 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 437 B
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gs 748 50 360 487 CB
381 490 356 (2.  COHN, Jeffrey P.) SB
gr
gs 898 50 1109 487 CB
1131 490 547 (The politics of extinctio ... 1990) SB
gr
2 49 357 487 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 487 B
1 F
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gs 748 50 360 537 CB
381 540 383 (3.  EHRLICH, Paul R.) SB
gr
gs 898 50 1109 537 CB
1131 540 553 (Extinction : the causes a ... 1981) SB
gr
2 49 357 537 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 537 B
1 F
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gs 748 50 360 587 CB
381 590 372 (4.  EHRLICH, Paul R) SB
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gs 898 50 1109 587 CB
1131 590 553 (Extinction : the causes a ... 1983) SB
gr
2 49 357 587 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 587 B
1 F
n
gs 748 50 360 637 CB
381 640 397 (5.  KELLY, Donald M.) SB
gr
gs 898 50 1109 637 CB
1131 640 556 (Near extinction : Califor ... 1990) SB
gr
2 49 357 637 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 637 B
1 F
n
gs 748 50 360 687 CB
381 690 433 (6.  LABASTILLE, Anne.) SB
gr
gs 898 50 1109 687 CB
1131 690 583 (Mama Poc : an ecologist's ... 1990) SB
gr
2 49 357 687 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 687 B
1 F
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gs 748 50 360 737 CB
381 740 369 (7.  MYERS, Norman.) SB
gr
gs 898 50 1109 737 CB
1131 740 577 (Tackling mass extinction  ... 1986) SB
gr
2 49 357 737 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 737 B
1 F
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gs 1647 50 360 787 CB
381 790 1094 (8.  The Road to extinction : problems of categorizing the .. 1987) SB
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2 49 357 787 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 787 B
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gs 1647 50 360 837 CB
381 840 1094 (9.  The Road to extinction : problems of categorizing the ...1987) SB
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2 49 357 837 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 837 B
1 F
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gs 1647 50 360 887 CB
381 890 1126 (10.  Australia's endangered species : the extinction dilemma. 1990) SB
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2 49 357 887 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 887 B
1 F
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gs 1647 50 360 937 CB
381 940 1054 (11.  AUSTRALIA. Endangered Species Advisory Committee.) SB
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2 49 357 937 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 937 B
1 F
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gs 1647 100 360 987 CB
531 990 977 (An Australian national strategy for the conservatio...1989) SB
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2 99 357 987 B
1 F
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2 99 2007 987 B
1 F
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gs 1647 100 360 1087 CB
381 1090 1428 (Type the numbers of the records you want to see in a LONG display, or type HELP.) SB
gr
2 99 357 1087 B
1 F
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2 99 2007 1087 B
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gs 1647 100 360 1187 CB
381 1190 788 (To see all the records, simply press RETURN.) SB
gr
2 99 357 1187 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 1187 B
1 F
n
gs 1647 100 360 1287 CB
531 1290 228 (U> TEN -> 1) SB
gr
2 99 357 1287 B
1 F
n
2 2 357 1387 B
1 F
n
2 2 357 1387 B
1 F
n
1646 2 360 1387 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 1287 B
1 F
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2 2 2007 1387 B
1 F
n
2 2 2007 1387 B
1 F
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231 1443 1890 (Now let's ask for a "LONG" display of item number 1 to see if it provides any clues about how we might refine) SB
231 1493 182 (the search.) SB
gs 1647 53 360 1590 CB
381 1596 1098 (Search request: FIND TITLE WORDS EXTINCTION SPECIES) SB
gr
2 2 357 1590 B
1 F
n
2 2 357 1590 B
1 F
n
1646 2 360 1590 B
1 F
n
2 2 2007 1590 B
1 F
n
2 2 2007 1590 B
1 F
n
2 49 357 1593 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 1593 B
1 F
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gs 1647 100 360 1643 CB
381 1646 1059 (Search result:  11 records in the TEN-YEAR Catalog database) SB
gr
2 99 357 1643 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 1643 B
1 F
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gs 1647 50 360 1743 CB
381 1746 32 (1.) SB
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2 49 357 1743 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 1743 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 1793 CB
381 1796 93 (Title:) SB
gr
gs 1348 50 659 1793 CB
681 1796 1198 (Balancing on the brink of extinction : the Endangered Species Act and) SB
gr
gs 1348 50 659 1843 CB
681 1846 1203 (lessons for the future / edited by Kathryn A. Kohm.  Washington, D.C.) SB
gr
2 99 357 1793 B
1 F
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2 99 2007 1793 B
1 F
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gs 1348 50 659 1893 CB
681 1896 331 (:Island Press, 1991.) SB
gr
2 49 357 1893 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 1893 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 1943 CB
381 1946 209 (Description:) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 1943 CB
681 1946 503 (xi, 318 p. : ill., maps ; 24 cm.) SB
gr
2 49 357 1943 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 1993 CB
381 1996 110 (Notes:) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 1993 CB
681 1996 784 (Includes bibliographical references and index.) SB
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2 49 357 1993 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 1993 B
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gs 298 50 360 2043 CB
381 2046 155 (Subjects:) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 2043 CB
681 2046 1008 (Endangered species -- Law and legislation -- United States.) SB
gr
2 49 357 2043 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2043 B
1 F
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gs 298 50 360 2093 CB
381 2096 232 (Other entries:) SB
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gs 1348 50 659 2093 CB
681 2096 317 (Kohm, Kathryn A.) SB
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2 49 357 2093 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2093 B
1 F
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gs 1348 100 659 2143 CB
681 2146 685 (\(Record 1 continues on the next screen.\)) SB
gr
2 99 357 2143 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 2143 B
1 F
n
gs 1647 100 360 2243 CB
381 2246 989 (Type choice,  or type HELP for help, END to end session:) SB
gr
2 99 357 2243 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 2243 B
1 F
n
gs 148 50 360 2343 CB
381 2346 53 (NS) SB
gr
gs 599 50 509 2343 CB
531 2346 482 (Next screen of Short display) SB
gr
gs 149 50 1109 2343 CB
1131 2346 53 (PA) SB
gr
gs 748 50 1259 2343 CB
1281 2346 484 (New Personal Author search) SB
gr
2 49 357 2343 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2343 B
1 F
n
gs 148 50 360 2393 CB
381 2396 83 (SHO) SB
gr
gs 599 50 509 2393 CB
531 2396 436 (Different records in Short) SB
gr
gs 149 50 1109 2393 CB
1131 2396 53 (SU) SB
gr
gs 748 50 1259 2393 CB
1281 2396 336 (New Subject search) SB
gr
2 49 357 2393 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2393 B
1 F
n
gs 148 50 360 2443 CB
381 2446 86 (LON) SB
gr
gs 599 50 509 2443 CB
531 2446 222 (Long display) SB
gr
gs 149 50 1109 2443 CB
1131 2446 40 (TI) SB
gr
gs 748 50 1259 2443 CB
1281 2446 290 (New Title search) SB
gr
2 49 357 2443 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 2443 B
1 F
n
gs 148 100 360 2493 CB
381 2496 84 (REV) SB
gr
gs 599 100 509 2493 CB
531 2496 262 (Review display) SB
gr
2 99 357 2493 B
1 F
n
2 2 357 2593 B
1 F
n
2 2 357 2593 B
1 F
n
147 2 360 2593 B
1 F
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2 2 508 2593 B
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596 2 511 2593 B
1 F
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2 2 1108 2593 B
1 F
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146 2 1111 2593 B
1 F
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2 2 1258 2593 B
1 F
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745 2 1261 2593 B
1 F
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2 99 2007 2493 B
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2 2 2007 2593 B
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2 2 2007 2593 B
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231 2649 1835 (As you can see by looking at the subject line, this book is cataloged under the subject "endangered species.") SB
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1055 2976 1126 (Chapter 11: Accessing Library Catalogs Through the Internet) SB
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gs 1650 100 208 75 CB
231 76 1002 (NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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gs 299 100 1859 75 CB
2067 76 69 (115) SB
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0 0 0 fC
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1650 2 207 175 B
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1650 2 207 181 B
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290 2 1867 181 B
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32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 334 918 (Step 8. Redefine and/or refine your search.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 448 1910 (Judging by the other titles in the list in Step 7, it appears that a subject search for "endangered species" will very) SB
231 498 290 (likely be fruitful.) SB
gs 1647 103 360 595 CB
381 601 583 (U> TEN -> su endangered species) SB
gr
2 2 357 595 B
1 F
n
2 2 357 595 B
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1646 2 360 595 B
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2 2 2007 595 B
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2 99 357 598 B
1 F
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2 99 2007 598 B
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gs 1647 50 360 698 CB
381 701 903 (Search request: FIND SU ENDANGERED SPECIES) SB
gr
2 49 357 698 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 698 B
1 F
n
gs 1647 100 360 748 CB
381 751 1080 (Search result:  520 records in the TEN-YEAR Catalog database) SB
gr
2 99 357 748 B
1 F
n
2 99 2007 748 B
1 F
n
gs 1647 50 360 848 CB
381 851 851 (1. 1986 IUCN red list of threatened animals. 1986) SB
gr
2 49 357 848 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 848 B
1 F
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gs 1647 50 360 898 CB
381 901 851 (2. 1988 IUCN red list of threatened animals. 1988) SB
gr
2 49 357 898 B
1 F
n
2 49 2007 898 B
1 F
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gs 1647 50 360 948 CB
381 951 950 (3. AAZPA manual of Federal wildlife regulations. 1985) SB
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2 49 357 948 B
1 F
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2 49 2007 948 B
1 F
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gs 1647 50 360 998 CB
381 1001 1079 (4. Action plan for African primate conservation: 1986-90. 1985) SB
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381 1051 1013 (5. ADAMS, Douglas, 1952-           Last chance to see. 1991) SB
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381 1101 1099 (6. Alaska wildlife week unit : wildlife for the future. End... 1985) SB
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381 1151 1124 (7. ALLEN, William B. 1928-         State lists of endangere... 1988) SB
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381 1201 887 (8. ANCONA, George.                 Turtle watch. 1987) SB
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381 1251 653 (9. The Animal finders' directory. 1985) SB
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381 1301 1166 (10. Animal genetic resources : a global programme for sustai... 1990) SB
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381 1351 1152 (11. Animals and plants listed as threatened \(T\) or endangere... 1988) SB
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381 1401 1104 (12. ARNOLD, Richard A.              Distribution, life histo... 1981) SB
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381 1551 544 (...\(followed by 507 more titles!\)) SB
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231 1754 603 (MELVYL responds with 520 titles!) SB
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231 1901 1311 (Step 9. Repeat steps 3-8, in any order, for additional searches) SB
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231 2015 1936 (This is where the real power of using an OPAC starts; now that you've established a profitable search strategy and) SB
231 2065 1849 (have some references upon which to base further searches, you can branch off to other related subject or title) SB
231 2115 350 (searches very easily.) SB
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1055 2976 1126 (Chapter 11: Accessing Library Catalogs Through the Internet) SB
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231 334 1040 (Step 10. End your OPAC and TELNET sessions.) SB
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231 448 513 (To leave MELVYL, type end:) SB
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381 551 268 (U> TEN -> end) SB
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381 651 815 (Thanks for using the MELVYL Online Catalog.) SB
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381 701 1226 (Type LOGOFF and press RETURN to terminate your TELNET session.) SB
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381 751 721 (Press RETURN for the MELVYL catalog.) SB
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381 851 168 (U> logoff) SB
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381 1051 330 (END OF SESSION) SB
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381 1101 592 (Connection closed by foreign host.) SB
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1055 2976 1126 (Chapter 11: Accessing Library Catalogs Through the Internet) SB
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487 344 281 (NFORMATION ) SB
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768 334 36 (A) SB
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804 344 124 (BOUT ) SB
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928 334 144 (OPAC) SB
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1072 344 136 (S AND ) SB
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1208 334 36 (R) SB
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1244 344 171 (ELATED ) SB
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1415 334 31 (T) SB
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1446 344 125 (OPICS) SB
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231 492 843 (Essential Documents For Using OPACs) SB
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231 606 1171 ("Library Resources on the Internet: Strategies for Selection and Use") SB
381 706 174 (FTP Host:) SB
681 706 217 (dla.ucop.edu) SB
381 756 174 (Directory:) SB
681 756 205 (pub/internet) SB
381 806 170 (Filename:) SB
681 806 203 (libcat-guide) SB
231 906 1496 ("Internet Accessible Library Catalogs & Databases," by Art St. George and Ron Larsen.) SB
381 1006 174 (FTP Host:) SB
681 1006 201 (cerf.net.edu) SB
381 1056 174 (Directory:) SB
681 1056 281 (cerfnet/cerf_net/) SB
381 1106 94 (Files:) SB
681 1106 451 (internet-catalogs-08-91.txt) SB
1431 1106 178 (\(text only\)) SB
681 1156 516 (internet-catalogs-04-91_apl.ps) SB
1431 1156 304 (\(apple.PostScript\)) SB
231 1256 1281 (Note that the filename contains the date the file was most recently updated.) SB
231 1356 1896 ("OPACs in the UK: A list of interactive catalogues on JANET compiled for the Janet User Group for Libraries") SB
381 1456 174 (FTP Host:) SB
681 1456 284 (vaxb.acs.unt.edu) SB
381 1506 185 (Directory: ) SB
681 1506 113 (library) SB
381 1556 94 (Files:) SB
681 1556 98 (uk.lib) SB
1431 1556 212 (\(ASCII text\)) SB
231 1656 1544 ("University of North Texas' Accessing Online Bibliographic Databases,"   by Billy Barron.) SB
381 1756 174 (FTP Host:) SB
681 1756 284 (vaxb.acs.unt.edu) SB
381 1806 174 (Directory:) SB
681 1806 113 (library) SB
1431 1806 594 (\(this directory contains many other) SB
1431 1856 392 (useful files on OPACs\)) SB
381 1906 94 (Files:) SB
681 1906 187 (libraries.ps) SB
1431 1906 336 (\(PostScript version\)) SB
681 1956 195 (libraries.txt) SB
1431 1956 444 (\(ASCII, text only version\)) SB
681 2006 201 (libraries.wp) SB
1431 2006 454 (\(Word Perfect 5.0 version\)) SB
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1055 2976 1126 (Chapter 11: Accessing Library Catalogs Through the Internet) SB
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231 334 945 (Online Discussion Groups and Mailing Lists) SB
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231 448 1942 (1.  As of September, 1991, there are at least 60 online discussion groups dealing with OPACs and related issues of) SB
231 498 1906 (information sciences.  They range in coverage from discussion of a specific site's OPAC installations, to general) SB
231 548 870 (discussion of present and future OPAC technology.) SB
231 648 1784 (A comprehensive and up-to-date list of these groups is included in the "Directory of Scholarly Electronic) SB
231 698 1351 (Conferences," by Diane K. Kovacs of Kent State University, available via FTP:) SB
381 798 174 (FTP Host:) SB
681 798 275 (ksuvxa.kent.edu) SB
381 848 174 (Directory:) SB
681 848 727 (files are all in root directory, no need to cd) SB
381 898 94 (Files:) SB
681 898 328 (ACADLIST.FILE1) SB
681 948 328 (ACADLIST.FILE2) SB
681 998 328 (ACADLIST.FILE3) SB
681 1048 328 (ACADLIST.FILE4) SB
681 1098 328 (ACADLIST.FILE5) SB
681 1148 328 (ACADLIST.FILE6) SB
681 1198 348 (ACADLIST.INDEX) SB
681 1248 406 (ACADLIST.README.) SB
231 1348 1629 (As of September 1991, the "Libraries and Information Sciences" entries of the list are in the file) SB
231 1398 1896 (ACADLIST.FILE2.  However, you might as well get all 8 files; this is a tremendous resource, with information) SB
231 1448 1521 (from many separate places put together in one large document in an easy to use structure.) SB
231 1548 1924 (2.  NNSC Internet Resource Guide, "Chapter 2: Library Catalogs." As of September, 1991, about 30 libraries and) SB
231 1598 1918 (library systems are described.  Although these entries are largely rendered obsolete by the Barron and St. George) SB
231 1648 1335 (/Larsen catalogs, they are still useful sometimes for supplemental information.) SB
231 1748 347 (For all of Chapter 2:) SB
381 1848 174 (FTP Host:) SB
681 1848 202 (nnsc.nsf.net) SB
381 1898 174 (Directory:) SB
681 1898 251 (resource-guide) SB
381 1948 94 (Files:) SB
681 1948 290 (chapter2-ps.tar.Z) SB
1281 1948 593 (\(compressed and tarred PostScript\)) SB
681 1998 298 (chapter2-txt.tar.Z) SB
1281 1998 604 (\(compressed and tarred ASCII text\)) SB
231 2098 1855 (To obtain individual sections of Chapter 2, first FTP the Chapter 2 table of contents, and then FTP individual) SB
231 2148 327 (sections as desired:) SB
381 2248 174 (FTP Host:) SB
681 2248 202 (nnsc.nsf.net) SB
381 2298 174 (Directory:) SB
681 2298 420 (resource-guide/chapter.2) SB
381 2348 94 (Files:) SB
681 2348 128 (intro.ps) SB
1281 2348 493 (\(PostScript table of contents\)) SB
681 2398 136 (intro.txt) SB
1281 2398 504 (\(ASCII text table of contents\)) SB
681 2448 224 (section2-1.ps) SB
1281 2448 442 (\(PostScript of section 2.1\)) SB
681 2498 232 (section2-1.txt) SB
1281 2498 453 (\(ASCII text of section 2.1\)) SB
681 2548 89 (\(etc.\)) SB
1281 2548 89 (\(etc.\)) SB
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1055 2976 1126 (Chapter 11: Accessing Library Catalogs Through the Internet) SB
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366 289 1679 (Chapter 12: Internet Accessible Databases and) SB
944 381 523 (Bibliographies) SB
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231 618 47 (W) SB
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278 628 93 (HAT ) SB
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437 628 207 (NCLUDED ) SB
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644 618 14 (I) SB
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658 628 40 (N ) SB
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698 618 31 (T) SB
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729 628 78 (HIS ) SB
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807 618 36 (C) SB
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843 628 165 (HAPTER) SB
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231 729 1869 (This document gives information on how to access many of the computers on the Internet which contain large) SB
231 779 173 (databases.) SB
231 879 1852 (Of course, most computers contains large amounts of data.  But in this chapter, databases are defined as "any) SB
231 929 1673 (highly structured repository of information whose contents you can access for your own analyses.") SB
231 1029 1923 (This chapter is organized by major topics, so you can quickly and easily identify sources useful to your purposes.) SB
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231 1176 47 (W) SB
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420 1176 134 (NOT I) SB
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554 1186 207 (NCLUDED ) SB
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761 1176 36 (H) SB
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797 1186 83 (ERE) SB
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880 1176 28 (, ) SB
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908 1186 98 (AND ) SB
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1006 1176 47 (W) SB
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1053 1186 189 (HERE TO ) SB
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1242 1176 31 (F) SB
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1273 1186 80 (IND ) SB
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1367 1186 24 (T) SB
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381 1292 38 (o) SB
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456 1295 1557 (Online "White Pages" and "Yellow Pages" services which allow you to find individuals and) SB
456 1345 1719 (organizations on the Internet are not included.  Detailed descriptions of such services can be found in) SB
456 1395 713 (Chapter 14, "Internet Directory Services.") SB
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381 1450 38 (o) SB
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456 1453 1719 (Databases and information services which require special accounts on private computers, cost money) SB
456 1503 1584 (to use, or can be purchased for local use are not included.  Exceptions include a few "for fee") SB
456 1553 1193 (databases, in areas where free databases are not yet readily accessible.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 41 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1608 38 (o) SB
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456 1611 1383 (Many universities are currently implementing campus-wide information services.) SB
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1839 1604 26 (  ) SB
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1865 1611 257 (Although these) SB
456 1661 1601 (information services are often treated as databases, they are usually used as directory services.) SB
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381 1716 32 (o) SB
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456 1712 1579 (In most of the NUSIRG, you have been provided with sample scripts to provide assistance or) SB
456 1762 1590 (instruction in using a particular kind of resource.  When there were a number of styles of user) SB
456 1812 1671 (interface, our description focused on either a generic or common example.  Unfortunately, there is) SB
456 1862 1668 (such a tremendous variety of interfaces for these databases that a sample session would be of little) SB
456 1912 103 (value.) SB
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231 2059 36 (D) SB
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267 2069 298 (ATABASES OF ) SB
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565 2059 36 (D) SB
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601 2069 221 (ATABASES) SB
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231 2170 1906 (It is possible that the Babel of databases interfaces will be rendered accessible through "databases of databases.") SB
231 2220 1887 (In particular the Wide Area Information Service \(WAIS\) being developed by Thinking Machines Incorporated,) SB
231 2270 1932 (has a great deal of promise for making a wide variety of Internet information services accessible through a single,) SB
231 2320 1258 (easy-to-use interface.  See Chapter 13  for more information about WAIS.) SB
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1034 2976 1147 (Chapter 12: Internet Accessible Databases and Bibliographies) SB
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475 334 36 (N) SB
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511 344 160 (EED TO ) SB
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786 344 200 (NTERNET ) SB
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986 334 36 (D) SB
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1022 344 221 (ATABASES) SB
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381 450 32 (o) SB
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456 446 718 (A computer connected to the Internet; and) SB
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456 497 359 (An understanding of:) SB
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456 552 32 (o) SB
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531 548 1521 (e-mail:  to send mail to Mailservers which will automatically mail help files, documents, ) SB
531 598 192 (or datasets;) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
456 653 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
531 649 1142 (FTP:  to access "file archives," and copy files to your own account;) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
456 704 32 (o) SB
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531 700 1362 (TELNET:  to login into computers and run programs, search databases, and run ) SB
531 750 1123 (simulations which could not be done on your own local computer.) SB
231 850 1899 (Read the appropriate chapter\(s\) from NUSIRG, or any other source of Internet information if any of these terms) SB
231 900 369 (are unfamiliar to you.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
231 1147 39 (O) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
270 1157 445 (RGANIZATION OF THE ) SB
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715 1147 36 (C) SB
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751 1157 165 (HAPTER) SB
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231 1258 1410 (The entries in this chapter are organized by the following major subject categories:) SB
681 1358 499 (Multi-Disciplinary Databases) SB
681 1408 418 (Aeronautical Navigation) SB
681 1458 195 (Agriculture) SB
681 1508 217 (Area Studies) SB
681 1558 368 (Artificial Intelligence) SB
681 1608 467 (Astronomy / Space Science) SB
681 1658 213 (Census \(US\)) SB
681 1708 176 (Chemistry) SB
681 1758 312 (Computer Science) SB
681 1808 332 (Computer Software) SB
681 1858 445 (Ecology and Environment) SB
681 1908 172 (Education) SB
681 1958 552 (Genetics and Molecular Biology) SB
681 2008 187 (Geography) SB
681 2058 421 (Government and Politics) SB
681 2108 357 (Grants and Contracts) SB
681 2158 126 (History) SB
681 2208 219 (Mathematics) SB
681 2258 105 (Music) SB
681 2308 128 (Physics) SB
681 2358 153 (Statistics) SB
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231 334 39 (O) SB
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270 344 445 (RGANIZATION OF THE ) SB
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715 334 33 (E) SB
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748 344 147 (NTRIES) SB
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231 445 1512 (Each entry is coded in the following format \(although not all entries contain every field\):) SB
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231 545 996 (Official Acronym and Full Official Name of Database) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 649 174 (Audience:) SB
531 649 1556 (An estimation of who would most likely benefit from the database.  Although most of these) SB
531 699 1592 (databases are not restricted in their access, not everybody would be able to use some data sets) SB
531 749 1161 (which are very large or require sophisticated processing or software.) SB
231 849 162 (Contents:) SB
531 849 1638 (A brief description of contents relevant to the purposes of this chapter.  Please note that many of) SB
531 899 1580 (these sources contain information above and beyond what is mentioned in this contents field.) SB
231 999 195 (Comments:) SB
531 999 682 (Additional things that you should know.) SB
231 1099 131 (Access:) SB
531 1099 1461 (How to access the database via TELNET, FTP, mail-server, telephone, or postal mail.) SB
231 1199 144 (Contact:) SB
531 1199 975 (Official contact information if you have further questions) SB
531 1299 423 (user-id@internet.address) SB
531 1349 92 (name) SB
531 1399 325 (postal mail address) SB
531 1449 305 (telephone number) SB
231 1549 184 (More Info:) SB
531 1549 1572 (Pointers to official or more detailed descriptions, publications, online discussion groups, and) SB
531 1599 423 (other useful information.) SB
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231 334 627 (Multi-Disciplinary Databases) SB
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231 448 1204 (CULDAT--Canadian Union List of Machine Readable Data Files) SB
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231 552 174 (Audience:) SB
531 552 133 (Anyone) SB
231 602 162 (Contents:) SB
531 602 1618 (Bibliographic and descriptive information about computer readable data files held by Canadian) SB
531 652 1571 (academic and governmental data libraries and archives.  There are currently 1,417 databases) SB
531 702 1251 (accessible.  Sources of databases searched in a CULDAT session include:) SB
531 802 176 (CUSSDA:) SB
831 802 855 (Carleton University, Social Science Data Archive.) SB
531 852 100 (NAC:) SB
831 852 504 (National Archives of Canada.) SB
531 902 89 (STC:) SB
831 902 302 (Statistics Canada.) SB
531 952 128 (UADL:) SB
831 952 613 (University of Alberta, Data Library.) SB
531 1002 154 (UBCDL:) SB
831 1002 779 (University of British Columbia, Data Library.) SB
531 1052 142 (UMISE:) SB
831 1052 1167 (University of Manitoba, Institute for Social and Economic Research.) SB
531 1102 158 (UWOSS:) SB
831 1102 1198 (University of Western Ontario, Social Science Computing Laboratory.) SB
531 1152 157 (WATLS:) SB
831 1152 879 (University of Waterloo, Leisure Studies Data Bank.) SB
531 1202 137 (YUISR:) SB
831 1202 790 (York University, Institute for Social Research.) SB
231 1302 131 (Access:) SB
531 1302 1568 (Via Mailserver, which accepts Remote Spires \(RMSPIRES\) commands.  Useful RMSPIRES) SB
531 1352 1467 (commands to get you started include explain, find, browse, and display.  For example:) SB
531 1452 762 (To get an overview of how to use CULDAT:) SB
531 1552 88 (mail:) SB
831 1552 823 (rmspires%ualtavm.bitnet@vm.utcs.utoronto.edu) SB
531 1602 132 (subject:) SB
831 1602 241 (\(none needed\)) SB
531 1652 155 (message:) SB
831 1652 240 (explain culdat) SB
531 1752 1121 (To get an overview of the subjects covered by CULDAT datasets:) SB
531 1852 88 (mail:) SB
831 1852 823 (rmspires%ualtavm.bitnet@vm.utcs.utoronto.edu) SB
531 1902 132 (subject:) SB
831 1902 241 (\(none needed\)) SB
531 1952 155 (message:) SB
831 1952 252 (browse subject) SB
231 2052 144 (Contact:) SB
381 2052 512 (abombak@vm.ucs.ualberta.ca) SB
531 2152 516 (Anna Bombak, Data Librarian) SB
531 2202 521 (352 General Services Building) SB
531 2252 530 (University Computing Systems) SB
531 2302 362 (University of Alberta) SB
531 2352 507 (Edmonton, Alberta  T6G 2H1) SB
531 2402 263 (\(403\) 492-5212) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2502 896 (National Archives Center for Electronic Records) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2606 174 (Audience:) SB
531 2606 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 2656 162 (Contents:) SB
531 2656 1558 (An archive of 10,000 datasets, with an emphasis on U.S. Government datasets.  Particularly) SB
531 2706 992 (strong in health, demographic, and social science datasets.) SB
231 2756 131 (Access:) SB
531 2756 1061 (Currently, one must order copies of datasets on magnetic tape.) SB
231 2806 195 (Comments:) SB
531 2806 1617 (By time you read this, it may be possible to obtain some or all of these datasets on floppy disks) SB
531 2856 951 (or via FTP or mail-servers.  Contact CER for an update.) SB
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1034 2976 1147 (Chapter 12: Internet Accessible Databases and Bibliographies) SB
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231 287 144 (Contact:) SB
531 287 1126 (For more information, or a free list of 4,000 Title List of Holdings) SB
531 387 152 (Ted Hull) SB
531 437 290 (tif@nihcu.bitnet.) SB
531 487 585 (The Center for Electronic Records) SB
531 537 640 (Archives and Records Administration) SB
531 587 400 (Washington, DC 20408) SB
531 637 263 (\(202\) 501-5579) SB
231 737 184 (More Info:) SB
531 737 1513 (There is a LISTSERV group called the "Federal Electronic Data Special Interest Group:") SB
531 837 777 (fedsig-l@wvnvm.bitnet@punfs.princeton.edu) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 937 162 (Free-Net) SB
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231 1041 174 (Audience:) SB
531 1041 133 (Anyone) SB
231 1091 162 (Contents:) SB
531 1091 1378 (Many informative files on health, education, politics, recreation, technology, etc.) SB
231 1141 195 (Comments:) SB
531 1141 1631 (Free-Net is best described as an "open access community electronic information system" which,) SB
531 1191 1621 (for registered users, also allows easy access to discussion groups including USENET.  Free-Net) SB
531 1241 1523 (uses a novel interface in which the user wanders through an "electronic city."  Files are in) SB
531 1291 1626 ("buildings," so for example, to get information on politics and government, one would enter the) SB
531 1341 1581 ("City Hall." A rather extraordinary open access system which could be set up at other sites at) SB
531 1391 1522 (very little cost.  There are  currently five sites using the Free-Net software, all in the mid-) SB
531 1441 1593 (western United States, but many more are being established around the world as part of a not-) SB
531 1491 1540 (for-profit cooperative network called "The National Public Telecommunications Network") SB
531 1541 1584 (\(NPTN\).  When you first log in, you will be asked if you want to visit or register.  Follow the) SB
531 1591 1622 (instructions.  As a visitor, your privileges in Free Net are restricted.  If you register, you will be) SB
531 1641 1329 (sent a registration packet through the mail, which you must fill out and return.) SB
231 1741 131 (Access:) SB
531 1741 216 (TELNET to:) SB
531 1841 365 (freenet-in-a.cwru.edu) SB
1131 1841 200 (\(Cleveland\)) SB
531 1891 367 (freenet-in-b.cwru.edu) SB
531 1941 365 (freenet-in-c.cwru.edu) SB
531 1991 197 (yfn.ysu.edu) SB
1131 1991 324 (\(Youngstown, OH\)) SB
531 2041 172 (tso.uc.edu) SB
1131 2041 287 (\(Cincinnati, OH\)) SB
531 2091 368 (heartland.bradley.edu) SB
1131 2091 198 (\(Peoria, IL\)) SB
231 2191 144 (Contact:) SB
381 2191 121 (e-mail:) SB
531 2191 504 (aa001@cleveland.freenet.edu) SB
531 2291 367 (T.M. Grundner, Ed.D) SB
531 2341 288 (President, NPTN) SB
531 2391 165 (Box 1987) SB
531 2441 394 (Cleveland, Ohio 44106) SB
531 2491 263 (\(216\) 368-2733) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2591 701 (University of Maryland Info Database) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2695 174 (Audience:) SB
531 2695 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 2745 162 (Contents:) SB
531 2745 1565 (Data and files on the following topics: Computers, Economics, Literature, Political Science,) SB
531 2795 816 (Meteorology, Area Studies, Electronic Journals.) SB
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231 287 195 (Comments:) SB
531 287 1598 (Files can be viewed online while using a menu driven TELNET session, or they can be copies) SB
531 337 1554 (locally by FTP.  Although you can transfer files from within the interactive system, you are) SB
531 387 1447 (probably better off noting which files you want, and then copying from the FTP host.) SB
231 487 131 (Access:) SB
531 487 1033 (For interactive sessions \(highly recommended for browsing\).) SB
531 587 172 (TELNET:) SB
831 587 226 (info.umd.edu) SB
531 637 203 (User Name:) SB
831 637 97 (INFO) SB
531 737 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 737 226 (info.umd.edu) SB
531 787 165 (directory:) SB
831 787 68 (info) SB
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231 884 525 (Aeronautical Navigation) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 998 858 (NOAA Aeronautical Charting Data Sampler II) SB
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231 1102 174 (Audience:) SB
531 1102 1576 (Anyone, but the files are huge, and require extensive handling.  Not recommended for trivial) SB
531 1152 160 (purposes.) SB
231 1202 162 (Contents:) SB
531 1202 775 (HUGE files containing data on the following:) SB
531 1302 32 (1.) SB
681 1302 1457 (Aeronautical Chart Automation Section \(ACAS\) data files \(containing data on 17,000) SB
681 1352 1453 (airports, 21,000 runways, 46,000 obstructions to air navigation, navigational aid data,) SB
681 1402 782 (and ARTCC data for low and high air routes\);) SB
531 1452 32 (2.) SB
681 1452 1401 (COMPSYS Distance and Bearing Software \(used by National Airspace System for) SB
681 1502 997 (computing reporting points, intersections, and other fixes\);) SB
531 1552 32 (3.) SB
681 1552 1395 (Special Use Airspace Data Files \(used to inform pilots of restricted and prohibited) SB
681 1602 165 (airspace\);) SB
531 1652 32 (4.) SB
681 1652 743 (Advanced Automation System \(AAS\) Data.) SB
231 1752 195 (Comments:) SB
531 1752 1554 (NOT TO BE USED FOR NAVIGATION! For learning only. For MS/DOS computers only.) SB
531 1802 1605 (Requires at least 120 Mb hard drive.  These data, and the associated programs are from a  CD-) SB
531 1852 1612 (ROM.  If you have a CD-ROM reader, you are probably better off obtaining the CD than using) SB
531 1902 307 (the FTP'able data.) SB
231 1952 131 (Access:) SB
531 1952 330 (Accessible by FTP.) SB
531 2052 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 2052 329 (hobbes.ksu.ksu.edu) SB
531 2102 174 (Directory:) SB
831 2102 155 (pub/noaa) SB
531 2152 94 (Files:) SB
831 2152 155 (instal.bat) SB
1281 2152 558 (\(a DOS batch file for installation) SB
831 2202 168 (data/*.*.*) SB
1281 2202 687 (\(10Mb compressed 62Mb uncompressed) SB
831 2252 177 (noaa/*.*.*) SB
1281 2252 687 (\(12Mb compressed 36Mb uncompressed) SB
831 2302 157 (instal/*.*) SB
1281 2302 107 (\(1Mb\)) SB
231 2402 144 (Contact:) SB
531 2402 1201 (This contact information is for the CD-ROM, not the FTP'able dataset.) SB
531 2502 1057 (CD-ROM Project Director, Requirements & Technology Staff) SB
531 2552 545 (NOAA, National Ocean Service) SB
531 2602 795 (6010 Executive Blvd., Room 1022, N/CG3x22) SB
531 2652 370 (Rockville, MD 20852) SB
531 2702 263 (\(301\) 443-8323) SB
231 2802 184 (More Info:) SB
531 2852 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 2852 329 (hobbes.ksu.ksu.edu) SB
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531 287 174 (Directory:) SB
831 287 155 (pub/noaa) SB
531 337 78 (File:) SB
831 337 197 (readme.doc) SB
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231 434 250 (Agriculture) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 548 191 (PENpages) SB
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231 652 174 (Audience:) SB
531 652 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 702 162 (Contents:) SB
531 702 1648 (Online articles and brochures on agriculture, careers, health, consumer issues, weather, from The) SB
531 752 1505 (Pennsylvania State Department of Agriculture, Pennsylvania State University College of) SB
531 802 620 (Agriculture, and Rutgers University.) SB
231 852 195 (Comments:) SB
531 852 1489 (Highly accessible, general information.  Not a research oriented service; vt100 terminal) SB
531 902 432 (emulation recommended.) SB
231 952 131 (Access:) SB
531 952 407 (Accessible by TELNET) SB
531 1052 172 (TELNET:) SB
831 1052 260 (psupen.psu.edu) SB
531 1102 113 (Login:) SB
831 1102 162 (PNOTPA) SB
231 1202 144 (Contact:) SB
381 1202 121 (e-mail:) SB
531 1202 446 (support@psupenn.psu.edu) SB
531 1302 518 (Art Hussey, Assistant Director) SB
531 1352 323 (Computer Services) SB
531 1402 573 (Office of Administrative Services) SB
531 1452 587 (The Pennsylvania State University) SB
531 1502 707 (405 Agricultural Administration Building) SB
531 1552 468 (University Park, PA  16802) SB
531 1602 263 (\(814\) 863-3449) SB
231 1702 184 (More Info:) SB
531 1702 786 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 3.14) SB
531 1802 391 (PENpages User Guide:) SB
981 1802 649 (online, or request from above address.) SB
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231 1899 274 (Area Studies) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2013 955 (INFO-SOUTH Latin American Information System) SB
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231 2117 174 (Audience:) SB
531 2117 771 (Anyone but a subscription charge is required.) SB
231 2167 162 (Contents:) SB
531 2167 1551 (Very extensive listings of citations and abstracts on a wide variety of Latin America issues.) SB
231 2217 131 (Access:) SB
531 2217 419 (Accessible by TELNET:) SB
531 2317 172 (TELNET:) SB
831 2317 318 (sabio.ir.miami.edu) SB
231 2417 144 (Contact:) SB
531 2417 121 (e-mail:) SB
681 2417 435 (msgctr@sabio.miami.edu) SB
531 2517 877 (INFO-SOUTH Latin American Information System) SB
531 2567 935 (Institute of Interamerican Studies / North-South Center) SB
531 2617 692 (Graduate School of International Studies) SB
531 2667 271 (PO Box 248014) SB
531 2717 507 (Coral Gables, FL 33124-3211) SB
531 2767 55 (tel:) SB
681 2767 263 (\(305\) 284-4414) SB
231 2867 184 (More Info:) SB
531 2867 786 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 3.22) SB
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231 337 655 (Latin American Data Base \(LADB\)) SB
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231 441 174 (Audience:) SB
531 441 1568 (Anyone interested in accessing current information originating directly from Latin America.) SB
231 491 162 (Contents:) SB
531 491 1559 (11,000 articles from 1987 to the present organized under the following titles:  "Chronicle of) SB
531 541 1638 (Latin American Economic Affairs," "Central America Update," and "SOURCEMEX--Economic) SB
531 591 1334 (News and Analysis on Mexico."   Hundreds of new articles added each month.) SB
231 641 195 (Comments:) SB
531 641 943 (You must contact LADB \(see below\) to arrange access.) SB
231 691 131 (Access:) SB
531 691 1630 (Once you have contacted the LADB, you can access LADB through the Internet or by a modem) SB
531 741 382 (call to an 800 number.) SB
231 791 144 (Contact:) SB
531 791 482 (To establish access, contact:) SB
531 891 260 (Roma Arellano) SB
531 941 420 (ladbad@bootes.unm.edu) SB
531 991 418 (Latin American Institute) SB
531 1041 454 (University of New Mexico) SB
531 1091 221 (801 Yale NE) SB
531 1141 523 (Albuquerque, NM 87131-1016) SB
531 1191 263 (\(505\) 277-6839) SB
231 1291 184 (More Info:) SB
531 1291 797 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 3.26.) SB
531 1391 1288 (There is a special LISTSERV list devoted to discussion about this database:) SB
531 1491 678 (ch-ladb@unm.bitnet%umrvmb.umr.edu) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1588 455 (Artificial Intelligence) SB
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231 1702 1128 (Bibliographic Mailserver for Artificial Intelligence Literature) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1806 174 (Audience:) SB
531 1806 638 (Researchers in Artificial Intelligence.) SB
231 1856 162 (Contents:) SB
531 1856 1500 (Bibliographies of artificial intelligence literature, currently containing more than 20,000) SB
531 1906 185 (references.) SB
231 1956 195 (Comments:) SB
531 1956 1632 (Most appropriate for researchers already very familiar with Artificial Intelligence.  This data set) SB
531 2006 647 (is not well-suited for casual browsing.) SB
231 2056 131 (Access:) SB
531 2056 1624 (Via a mailserver.  The host machine is in Germany, so if your primary language is English, you) SB
531 2106 894 (need to specify that output be sent to you in English.) SB
531 2206 195 (Mailserver:) SB
831 2206 307 (lido@cs.uni-sb.de) SB
531 2256 139 (Subject:) SB
831 2256 386 (lidosearch info english) SB
231 2356 144 (Contact:) SB
531 2356 339 (kobsa@cs.uni-sb.de) SB
531 2456 294 (Dr. Alfred Kobsa) SB
531 2506 602 (Department of Information Science) SB
531 2556 394 (University of Konstanz) SB
531 2606 552 (D-W-7750 Konstanz 1 Germany) SB
531 2656 55 (tel:) SB
681 2656 274 (\(+49\) 7531 88 1) SB
231 2756 184 (More Info:) SB
531 2756 786 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 3.29) SB
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231 287 1838 (University of California at Irvine Repository Of Machine Learning Databases and Domain Theories) SB
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231 391 162 (Contents:) SB
531 391 1649 (75 databases and domain theories useful for evaluating learning algorithms.  The dataset files are) SB
531 441 1573 (divided into two parts:  filename.data \(which contains raw data\), and filename.names, which) SB
531 491 1618 (contains documentation about the dataset file.  Some of the files in the archive are not datasets,) SB
531 541 475 (but rather generate datasets.) SB
231 591 162 (Contents:) SB
531 591 1017 (All files can be freely copied to your own computer for use.) SB
231 641 131 (Access:) SB
531 641 687 (Accessible by FTP and an e-mail server.) SB
531 741 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 741 182 (ics.uci.edu) SB
531 791 165 (directory:) SB
831 791 548 (pub/machine-learning-databases) SB
531 891 88 (mail:) SB
831 891 463 (archive-server@ics.uci.edu) SB
531 941 132 (subject:) SB
831 941 241 (\(none needed\)) SB
531 991 155 (message:) SB
831 991 73 (help) SB
231 1091 144 (Contact:) SB
531 1091 451 (ml-repository@ics.uci.edu) SB
531 1191 270 (aha@cs.jhu.edu) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1288 575 (Astronomy / Space Science) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1402 237 (Astronomers) SB
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231 1506 174 (Audience:) SB
531 1506 447 (Professional Astronomers.) SB
231 1556 162 (Contents:) SB
531 1556 1380 (Contact information for astronomers and astronomical facilities around the world) SB
231 1606 195 (Comments:) SB
531 1606 848 (Not to be used for trivial or commercial purposes.) SB
231 1656 131 (Access:) SB
531 1656 681 (Send an e-mail request for this guide to:) SB
531 1756 530 (e-mail@srf.ro-greenwich.ac.uk) SB
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231 287 823 (NED--NASA / IPAC Extragalactic Database) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 391 174 (Audience:) SB
531 391 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 441 162 (Contents:) SB
531 441 1577 (Extensive information on 132,000 extragalactic objects \(galaxies, quasars, infrared and radio) SB
531 491 1219 (sources\), and software to search raw data and associated bibliographies.) SB
231 541 195 (Comments:) SB
531 541 1586 (Includes an online tutorial.  Much of the software and some of the data are available for local) SB
531 591 652 (use from the FTP host \(see More Info\)) SB
231 641 131 (Access:) SB
531 641 507 (Accessible through TELNET.) SB
531 741 172 (TELNET:) SB
831 741 275 (ipac.caltech.edu) SB
531 791 99 (login:) SB
831 791 61 (ned) SB
231 891 144 (Contact:) SB
531 891 375 (ned@ipac.caltech.edu) SB
531 991 255 (NED c/o IPAC) SB
531 1041 190 (MS 100-22) SB
531 1091 581 (California Institute of Technology) SB
531 1141 353 (Pasadena, CA 91125) SB
531 1191 263 (\(818\) 584-2903) SB
231 1291 184 (More Info:) SB
531 1291 379 (Extensive online help.) SB
531 1391 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 1391 275 (ipac.caltech.edu) SB
531 1441 85 (files:) SB
831 1441 630 (README files in various directories) SB
831 1491 786 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 3.21) SB
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231 1591 844 (NSSDC--National Space Science Data Center) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1695 174 (Audience:) SB
531 1695 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 1745 162 (Contents:) SB
531 1745 1493 (Official clearinghouse for NASA data, containing a directory of publicly available data.) SB
531 1795 1581 (Datasets referenced by this service include:  Global change datasets; Nimbus-7 GRID TOMS) SB
531 1845 1519 (data; Interplanetary Medium Data \(OMN\); Geophysical Models; International Ultraviolet) SB
531 1895 1622 (Explorer Data; Voyager and other planetary images; Earth observation data; Star catalogs.  The) SB
531 1945 1572 (TELNET front end also allows access to the Standards and Technology Information System,) SB
531 1995 726 (back issues of CANOPUS newsletters, etc.) SB
231 2045 195 (Comments:) SB
531 2045 1587 (Although the data must be purchased \(on CD-ROM, diskette, or magnetic tape\) the prices are) SB
531 2095 1534 (not high considering the amount and quality of data available \(for example, a set 8 CDs of) SB
531 2145 1594 (Voyager images is $ 75\).  You can set up an official account with user-id and password if you) SB
531 2195 606 (plan to use NODIS more than once.) SB
231 2295 131 (Access:) SB
531 2295 507 (Accessible through TELNET.) SB
531 2395 172 (TELNET:) SB
831 2395 353 (nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov) SB
531 2445 99 (login:) SB
831 2445 91 (nodis) SB
231 2545 144 (Contact:) SB
531 2545 514 (request@nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov) SB
531 2645 616 (National Space Science Data Center) SB
531 2695 489 (Request Coordination Office) SB
531 2745 495 (Goddard Space Flight Center) SB
531 2795 163 (Code 633) SB
531 2845 383 (Greenbelt, MD  20771) SB
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531 287 263 (\(301\) 286-6695) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 387 1204 (SDDAS--Southwest Research Data Display and Analysis System) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 491 174 (Audience:) SB
531 491 1338 (Anyone doing research in space, magnetosphere or upper atmospheric physics.) SB
231 541 162 (Contents:) SB
531 541 1650 (Data from upper atmosphere collected from a number of satellites \(currently, Dynamic Explorers) SB
531 591 1105 (1 and 2, UARS Partial Environment Monitor, and TSS-1 ROPE\).) SB
231 641 195 (Comments:) SB
531 641 1632 (Although anyone can "take it for a spin," real use requires authorization from the contact person) SB
531 691 1549 (listed below.  The service is menu driven and easy to use.  If you are using certain graphics) SB
531 741 1508 (terminals, this service allows you to view many of the datasets in sophisticated graphical) SB
531 791 149 (displays.) SB
231 841 131 (Access:) SB
531 841 507 (Accessible through TELNET.) SB
531 941 172 (TELNET:) SB
831 941 448 (espsun.space.swri.edu 540) SB
231 1041 144 (Contact:) SB
531 1041 604 (sddas-help@pemrac.space.swri.edu) SB
531 1141 366 (Dr. J.D. Winningham) SB
531 1191 491 (Southwest Research Institute) SB
531 1241 813 (Division of Instrumentation and Space Sciences) SB
531 1291 328 (P.O. Drawer 28510) SB
531 1341 504 (San Antonio, TX 78228-0510) SB
531 1391 263 (\(512\) 522-3259) SB
231 1491 184 (More Info:) SB
531 1491 765 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 3.7) SB
531 1591 434 (Online, menu driven help) SB
531 1641 675 (User's Guide mailed to authorized users) SB
531 1691 944 (Detailed listing of data holdings can be requested from:) SB
681 1791 604 (sddas-help@pemrac.space.swri.edu) SB
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231 1891 1656 (SIMBAD--Set of Identifications, Measurements, and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1995 174 (Audience:) SB
531 1995 735 (Astronomers with NASA or NSF contracts.) SB
231 2045 162 (Contents:) SB
531 2045 1234 (Data and bibliographic entries for stars and subsets of non-stellar objects) SB
231 2095 195 (Comments:) SB
531 2095 1639 (This service may become available via a CREN mail server in the near future, which is why it is) SB
531 2145 526 (included in this general listing.) SB
231 2195 131 (Access:) SB
531 2195 1033 (Accessible through TELNET, but one must have an account.) SB
231 2245 144 (Contact:) SB
531 2245 425 (simbad@cfa.harvard.edu) SB
531 2345 598 (SIMBAD c/o Computation Facility) SB
531 2395 655 (Smithsonian Astrophysical Laboratory) SB
531 2445 369 (60 Garden St., MS 39) SB
531 2495 393 (Cambridge, MA 02138) SB
531 2545 263 (\(617\) 495-7301) SB
231 2645 184 (More Info:) SB
531 2645 765 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 3.5) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2745 253 (SPACELINK) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2849 174 (Audience:) SB
531 2849 144 (Anyone.) SB
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231 287 162 (Contents:) SB
531 287 1600 (Database and interactive system containing information about NASA and NASA activities.  A) SB
531 337 1550 (large number of possible curricular activities for elementary and secondary science classes.) SB
231 387 195 (Comments:) SB
531 387 1627 (A tremendously valuable resource for elementary and secondary science teachers.  Very easy to) SB
531 437 1493 (use.  In your first TELNET session, you will be prompted to create a unique user-id and) SB
531 487 1479 (password for subsequent sessions.  Files of interest can be downloaded either during an) SB
531 537 1143 (interactive TELNET session, or by accessing the FTP file archives.) SB
231 587 131 (Access:) SB
531 587 573 (Accessible by TELNET and FTP.) SB
531 687 172 (TELNET:) SB
831 687 264 (128.158.13.250) SB
531 737 129 (user-id:) SB
831 737 140 (newuser) SB
531 787 170 (password:) SB
831 787 140 (newuser) SB
531 887 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 887 310 (ames.arc.nasa.gov) SB
531 937 165 (directory:) SB
831 937 447 (pub/SPACE/SPACELINK) SB
231 1037 184 (More Info:) SB
531 1137 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 1137 310 (ames.arc.nasa.gov) SB
531 1187 165 (directory:) SB
831 1187 447 (pub/SPACE/SPACELINK) SB
531 1237 69 (file:) SB
831 1237 272 (Spacelink.index) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1337 457 (Yale Bright Star Catalog) SB
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231 1441 174 (Audience:) SB
531 1441 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 1491 162 (Contents:) SB
531 1491 1562 (Machine-readable version of the 4th Edition of the Yale Bright Star Catalog, including such) SB
531 1541 1508 (variables as photoelectric magnitudes, MK spectral types, parallaxed, and radial velocity) SB
531 1591 1565 (comments \(indication and identification fo spectroscopic and occulation binaries\), projected) SB
531 1641 1527 (rotational velocities, variability, spectral characteristics, duplicity, and group membership) SB
231 1691 195 (Comments:) SB
531 1691 884 (These files are set up for MS-DOS microcomputers.) SB
231 1741 131 (Access:) SB
531 1741 419 (Accessible through FTP.) SB
531 1841 795 (For a version usable with MS-DOS computers:) SB
531 1941 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 1941 389 (pomona.claremont.edu) SB
531 1991 165 (directory:) SB
831 1991 148 (yale_bsc) SB
531 2041 85 (files:) SB
831 2041 398 (all files in the directory) SB
531 2141 689 (For a version usable by Unix computers:) SB
531 2241 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 2241 300 (mandarin.mit.edu) SB
531 2291 165 (directory:) SB
831 2291 579 (astro/data.etc/yale.bright/starchart) SB
531 2341 85 (files:) SB
831 2341 127 (all files) SB
231 2441 144 (Contact:) SB
531 2441 557 (jdishaw@hmcvax.claremont.edu) SB
231 2491 184 (More Info:) SB
531 2591 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 2591 389 (pomona.claremont.edu) SB
531 2641 165 (directory:) SB
831 2641 148 (yale_bsc) SB
531 2691 85 (files:) SB
831 2691 136 (read.me) SB
831 2741 207 (yaleread.me) SB
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231 334 268 (Census Data) SB
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231 448 1160 (Michigan Archives of 1990 Census of Population and Housing) SB
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231 552 174 (Audience:) SB
531 552 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 602 162 (Contents:) SB
531 602 1642 (Michigan Census data includes summaries of summary tape files for states, counties, and places;) SB
531 652 1635 (publication programs of all papers and electronic products from the 1990 U.S. Census; guides to) SB
531 702 1631 (census questionnaires and geographic concepts used by the U.S. Census Bureau; guides to using) SB
531 752 708 (CD-ROM disks of the PL94-171 datasets.) SB
231 802 195 (Comments:) SB
531 802 1598 (This is a slightly unusual FTP host.  To enter the Census directory, issue "cd lelf:" --be sure to) SB
531 852 1408 (include the ":"!  The basic FTP commands, such as "dir" and "get", will then work.) SB
231 902 131 (Access:) SB
531 902 419 (Accessible through FTP.) SB
531 1002 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 1002 280 (ub.cc.umich.edu) SB
531 1052 153 (directory) SB
831 1052 69 (lelf:) SB
1431 1052 463 (\(be sure to include the ":"!\)) SB
531 1102 85 (files:) SB
831 1102 398 (all files in the directory) SB
231 1202 144 (Contact:) SB
531 1202 499 (grace.york@ub.cc.umich.edu) SB
531 1302 198 (Grace York) SB
531 1352 316 (Documents Center) SB
531 1402 397 (University of Michigan) SB
531 1452 256 (Ann Arbor, MI) SB
531 1502 263 (\(313\) 764-0410) SB
231 1602 184 (More Info:) SB
531 1702 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 1702 280 (ub.cc.umich.edu) SB
531 1752 85 (files:) SB
831 1752 181 (lelf:census) SB
1431 1752 476 (\(directory of available files\)) SB
831 1802 222 (lelf:cenguide) SB
1431 1802 372 (\(guide to census, etc.\)) SB
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231 1899 225 (Chemistry) SB
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231 2013 1309 (IuBIO--Indiana University Archive for Molecular and General Biology) SB
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231 2117 174 (Audience:) SB
531 2117 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 2167 162 (Contents:) SB
531 2167 686 (Chemistry software for DOS, MAC, etc.) SB
231 2217 195 (Comments:) SB
531 2217 1551 (Getting the document "Archive.doc" via FTP will make it easier for you to use this service.) SB
231 2267 131 (Access:) SB
531 2267 408 (Accessible through FTP) SB
531 2367 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 2367 320 (ftp.bio.indiana.edu) SB
231 2467 144 (Contact:) SB
531 2467 426 (archive@bio.indiana.edu) SB
531 2567 203 (Don Gilbert) SB
531 2617 370 (BioComputing Office) SB
531 2667 347 (Biology Department) SB
531 2717 316 (Indiana University) SB
531 2767 405 (Bloomington, IN 47405) SB
231 2867 184 (More Info:) SB
531 2867 797 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 3.13.) SB
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531 337 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 337 320 (ftp.bio.indiana.edu) SB
531 387 94 (Files:) SB
831 387 208 (Archive.doc) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 534 425 (Computer Software) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 648 1059 (General Information about Computer Software Databases) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 752 1921 (There are countless archives of computer software available through the Internet.  This section is not meant to be) SB
231 802 414 (a comprehensive listing.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 949 1033 (Computer Software \(General Purpose Archives\)) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1063 895 (Washington University Public Domain Archives) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1167 174 (Audience:) SB
531 1167 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 1217 162 (Contents:) SB
531 1217 1609 (An immense quantity of public domain and shareware software for the Amiga, Apple II, Atari,) SB
531 1267 1416 (CP/M, DOS, GNU, Macintosh, Sun, TeX, Unix, VAX/VMS, X Windows operating) SB
531 1317 1538 (environments.  This server "mirrors" a number of other FTP hosts around the world. When) SB
531 1367 1594 (mirrored archives receive new information, it is sent also to WUARCHIVE.  The archive also) SB
531 1417 1263 (contains files besides computer software, but software is its main strength.) SB
231 1467 195 (Comments:) SB
531 1467 1606 (A simple listing of just the filenames contained in this archive is over 7 megabytes in size.  To) SB
531 1517 1647 (use this archive effectively, it is crucial that you get the README files for each directory whose) SB
531 1567 1636 (contents you want to explore.  We recommend that you follow the suggestions provided in these) SB
531 1617 272 (README files.) SB
231 1717 131 (Access:) SB
531 1717 419 (Accessible through FTP.) SB
531 1817 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 1817 350 (wuarchive.wustl.edu) SB
231 1917 144 (Contact:) SB
531 1917 476 (archives@wugate.wustl.edu) SB
531 2017 393 (Washington University) SB
531 2067 590 (Office of the Network Coordinator) SB
531 2117 363 (One Brookings Drive) SB
531 2167 314 (Campus Box 1045) SB
531 2217 456 (St. Louis, MO 63130-4899) SB
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231 2317 177 (COSMIC) SB
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231 2421 174 (Audience:) SB
531 2421 723 (U.S. citizens \(with occasional exceptions\).) SB
231 2471 162 (Contents:) SB
531 2471 1527 (Computer software for a wide variety of applications and operating systems created under) SB
531 2521 1570 (projects funded by NASA \(thus the restriction to U.S. citizens\).  The COSMIC staff can also) SB
531 2571 1638 (perform searches through the COSMIC database to locate programs appropriate to your interests) SB
531 2621 179 (and needs.) SB
231 2671 195 (Comments:) SB
531 2671 688 (Most of the software must be purchased.) SB
231 2721 131 (Access:) SB
531 2721 633 (E-mail requests for information only.) SB
231 2771 144 (Contact:) SB
531 2771 565 (service@cossack.cosmic.uga.edu) SB
531 2871 160 (COSMIC) SB
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531 287 448 (The University of Georgia) SB
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531 437 263 (\(404\) 542-3265) SB
231 537 184 (More Info:) SB
531 537 797 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 3.12.) SB
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231 684 1038 (Computer Software \(Operating System Specific\)) SB
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231 902 174 (Audience:) SB
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231 952 162 (Contents:) SB
531 952 1645 (Catalog of programs suitable for use on IBM supercomputers using vector or parallel processing.) SB
531 1002 998 (The actual programs are not available through this service.) SB
231 1052 195 (Comments:) SB
531 1052 1647 (If you have written such programs, you can submit information about your program for inclusion) SB
531 1102 241 (in the catalog.) SB
231 1152 131 (Access:) SB
531 1152 606 (Via a LISTSERVer, send e-mail to:) SB
531 1252 451 (listserv@uicvm.cc.uic.edu) SB
531 1352 918 (With one of the following in the body of the message:) SB
531 1452 280 (get supersft help) SB
1281 1452 352 (\(to get supersft help\)) SB
531 1502 301 (get supersft index) SB
1281 1502 363 (\(for an index of files\)) SB
531 1552 353 (get filename filetype) SB
1281 1552 368 (\(to obtain a particular) SB
1281 1602 346 (\(file of interest from) SB
1281 1652 392 (\(the supersft index list\)) SB
231 1752 144 (Contact:) SB
531 1752 462 (supersft@uicvm.cc.uic.edu) SB
531 1852 542 (Supercomputing Support Office) SB
531 1902 549 (University of Illinois at Chicago) SB
531 1952 573 (Computer Center \(mail code 135\)) SB
531 2002 165 (Box 6998) SB
531 2052 319 (Chicago, IL 60680) SB
531 2102 263 (\(312\) 996-2981) SB
231 2202 184 (More Info:) SB
531 2202 765 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 3.8) SB
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231 2302 600 (VxWorks Users Group Archives) SB
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531 2406 1145 (Anyone using or interested in the VxWorks operating environment.) SB
231 2456 162 (Contents:) SB
531 2456 627 (VxWorks programs and information.) SB
231 2506 131 (Access:) SB
531 2506 725 (Accessible through FTP and e-mail server.) SB
531 2606 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 2606 287 (thor.atd.ucar.edu) SB
531 2656 191 (directories:) SB
831 2656 117 (pub/vx) SB
831 2706 150 (pub/unix) SB
531 2806 195 (Mailserver:) SB
831 2806 558 (vxworks_archive@ncar.ucar.edu) SB
531 2856 132 (subject:) SB
831 2856 241 (\(none needed\)) SB
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531 287 155 (message:) SB
831 287 182 (send index) SB
231 387 144 (Contact:) SB
531 387 394 (thor@thor.atd.ucar.edu) SB
531 487 268 (Richard Neitzel) SB
531 537 725 (National Center for Atmospheric Research) SB
531 587 165 (Box 3000) SB
531 637 325 (Marshall Field Site) SB
531 687 332 (Boulder, CO 80307) SB
531 737 583 (\(303\) 497-2057 or \(303\) 497-2060) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 884 560 (Ecology and Environment) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 998 1257 (General Information about Ecological and Environmental Databases) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1102 1874 (A new printed periodical called "The Green Library Journal: Environmental Topics in the Information World") SB
231 1152 1845 (aims to disseminate information about environmental databases and international environmental information) SB
231 1202 1280 (centers.  For more information about "The Green Library Journal," contact:) SB
531 1302 485 (anna@idui1.csrv.uidaho.edu) SB
531 1402 424 (Maria Jankowska, Editor) SB
531 1452 376 (Green Library Journal) SB
531 1502 469 (University of Idaho Library) SB
531 1552 614 (Moscow, Idaho, U.S.A. 83843-4198) SB
531 1652 263 (\(208\) 885-6260) SB
531 1702 349 (Fax: \(208\) 885-6817) SB
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231 1802 955 (CEAM--Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1906 174 (Audience:) SB
531 1906 955 (Anybody interested in environmental simulation models) SB
231 1956 162 (Contents:) SB
531 1956 1649 (Environmental simulation models for:  urban and rural non-point sources, conventional and toxic) SB
531 2006 1577 (pollution of streams, lakes and estuaries, tidal hydrodynamics, geochemical equilibrium, and) SB
531 2056 619 (aquatic food chain bioaccumulation.) SB
231 2106 195 (Comments:) SB
531 2106 1554 (CEAM is not on the Internet, yet, but might be by time you read this.  All software is in the) SB
531 2156 255 (public domain.) SB
231 2206 131 (Access:) SB
531 2206 1093 (Modem calls to CEAM Bulletin Board Service: \(404\) 546-3402.) SB
231 2256 144 (Contact:) SB
531 2256 334 (jim@crom2.rn.com) SB
531 2356 173 (Jim Fuller) SB
531 2406 727 (Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling) SB
531 2456 643 (Environmental Research Laboratories) SB
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231 2810 162 (Contents:) SB
531 2810 1532 (Database of environmental issues including air and water quality, land-use, energy, waste,) SB
531 2860 817 (wildlife and environmental education programs.) SB
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231 287 195 (Comments:) SB
531 287 1489 (ECIX is supported by the Joyce Mertz-Gilmore Foundation and the Energy Foundation.) SB
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531 337 855 (Contact Environmental Exchange for information.) SB
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531 387 245 (tgray@igc.org) SB
531 487 507 (The Environmental Exchange) SB
531 537 308 (1930 18th St. NW) SB
531 587 151 (Suite 24,) SB
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531 1052 920 (Information on education through computer networks.) SB
231 1102 195 (Comments:) SB
531 1102 801 (Subscription charges may be levied as of 1992.) SB
231 1152 131 (Access:) SB
531 1152 1593 (From the U.S., one must go through the Internet / Janet gateway TELNET server, so there are) SB
531 1202 1597 (considerably more prompts than you have encountered in within Internet TELNET.  Note that) SB
531 1252 1579 (once you are at the hostname prompt, you have access to many other Janet resources as well.) SB
531 1352 172 (TELNET:) SB
831 1352 222 (sun.nsf.ac.uk) SB
531 1402 99 (login:) SB
831 1402 83 (janet) SB
531 1452 174 (hostname:) SB
831 1452 321 (uk.ac.open.acs.vax) SB
531 1502 194 (User name:) SB
831 1502 98 (ICDL) SB
531 1552 201 (Your name:) SB
831 1552 180 (your name) SB
531 1602 86 (Inst.:) SB
831 1602 470 (your institutional affiliation) SB
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531 1702 528 (n_ismail@vax.acs.open.ac.uk, ) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 39 /Times-Italic /font39 ANSIFont font
1059 1701 37 (or) SB
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1096 1702 543 (  kw_harry@vax.acs.open.ac.uk) SB
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531 1854 651 (c/o The Open University, Walton Hall) SB
531 1904 454 (Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA) SB
531 1954 285 (United Kingdom) SB
531 2004 55 (tel:) SB
681 2004 305 (\(+44 908\) 653537) SB
231 2104 184 (More Info:) SB
531 2104 797 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 3.28.) SB
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231 2251 683 (Genetics and Molecular Biology) SB
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231 2469 1929 (If you intend to use any of the Genetics and Molecular Biology databases listed in this section, you are advised to) SB
231 2519 1909 (get the LiMB database to get an overview of what is available.  Most, but not all, of the databases in this section) SB
231 2569 1006 (are described in LiMB, which is constantly kept up to date.) SB
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531 2823 881 (A Database of Molecular Biology Databases LiMB.) SB
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231 287 195 (Comments:) SB
531 287 1587 (The essential resource for anyone using, or thinking of using, Genetic and Molecular Biology) SB
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531 387 850 (notification in the Molecular Biology community.) SB
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831 787 163 (limb-data) SB
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531 1187 400 (limb@genome.lanl.gov) SB
531 1287 103 (LiMB) SB
531 1337 367 (T-10, Mail Stop k710) SB
531 1387 561 (Los Alamos National Laboratory) SB
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531 1991 1428 (A comprehensive bibliographic listing of articles on theoretical population genetics.) SB
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531 2041 1643 (The two letters at ends of filenames indicate the range of primary author's last names in citations) SB
531 2091 1634 (contained in each file; e.g., "bible.ac" contains references from authors whose names begin with) SB
531 2141 230 ("Aa" to "Ce.") SB
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531 2191 419 (Accessible through FTP.) SB
531 2291 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 2291 587 (evolution.genetics.washington.edu) SB
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231 2841 144 (Contact:) SB
531 2841 507 (joe@genetics.washington.edu) SB
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531 337 257 (Joe Felsenstein) SB
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531 741 1585 (Dictionary of 3072 enzymes; contains nomenclature, information about catalytic activity, co-) SB
531 791 1567 (factors, diseases associated with the enzyme.  Cross references to the SWISS-PROT dataset.) SB
231 841 195 (Comments:) SB
531 841 796 (Version 7.0 will be available November, 1991.) SB
231 891 131 (Access:) SB
531 891 725 (Accessible through FTP and e-mail server.) SB
531 991 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 991 289 (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) SB
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531 1241 211 (Mailservers:) SB
831 1241 490 (netserv@embl-heidelberg.de) SB
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231 1391 144 (Contact:) SB
531 1391 395 (bairoch@cmu.unige.ch) SB
531 1491 245 (Amos Bairoch) SB
531 1541 589 (Medical Biochemistry Department) SB
531 1591 495 (Centre Medical Universitaire) SB
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681 1741 306 (\(+41 22\) 61 84 92) SB
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231 2295 162 (Contents:) SB
531 2295 1520 (A huge number of software programs for molecular biologists and Geneticist, and several) SB
531 2345 1478 (databases including:  GenBank; PIR protein sequences; R. Roberts Restriction Enzyme) SB
531 2395 1156 (Database; and Matrix of Biological Knowledge Archive Server files) SB
231 2445 131 (Access:) SB
531 2445 206 (Mail server:) SB
531 2545 88 (mail:) SB
831 2545 438 (gene-server@bchs.uh.edu) SB
531 2595 132 (subject:) SB
831 2595 241 (\(none needed\)) SB
531 2645 155 (message:) SB
831 2645 161 (send help) SB
231 2745 144 (Contact:) SB
531 2745 284 (davison@uh.edu) SB
531 2845 221 (Dan Davison) SB
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1967 690 191 (Drosophila) SB
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531 743 164 (genetics\).) SB
231 793 195 (Comments:) SB
531 793 1551 (Getting the document "Archive.doc" via FTP will make it easier for you to use this service.) SB
231 843 131 (Access:) SB
531 843 419 (Accessible through FTP.) SB
531 943 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 943 320 (ftp.bio.indiana.edu) SB
231 1043 144 (Contact:) SB
531 1043 426 (archive@bio.indiana.edu) SB
531 1143 203 (Don Gilbert) SB
531 1193 370 (BioComputing Office) SB
531 1243 347 (Biology Department) SB
531 1293 316 (Indiana University) SB
531 1343 405 (Bloomington, IN 47405) SB
231 1443 184 (More Info:) SB
531 1443 786 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 3.13) SB
531 1543 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 1543 320 (ftp.bio.indiana.edu) SB
531 1593 85 (files:) SB
831 1593 208 (Archive.doc) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1693 624 (Johns Hopkins Genetic Databases) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1797 174 (Audience:) SB
531 1797 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 1847 195 (Comments:) SB
531 1847 1475 (You must register first with the contact person listed below for a user-id and password.) SB
231 1897 162 (Contents:) SB
531 1897 861 (Online data from "Mendelian Inheritance in Man".) SB
231 1947 131 (Access:) SB
531 1947 507 (Accessible through TELNET.) SB
531 2047 172 (TELNET:) SB
831 2047 238 (welch.jhu.edu) SB
231 2147 144 (Contact:) SB
381 2147 350 (help@welch.jhu.edu) SB
531 2247 452 (GDB/OMIM User Support) SB
531 2297 602 (William H. Welch Medical Library) SB
531 2347 592 (1830 E. Monument St. Third Floor) SB
531 2397 375 (Baltimore, MD 21205) SB
531 2447 263 (\(301\) 955-7058) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2547 1101 (MBCRR--Molecular Biology Computer Research Resource) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2651 174 (Audience:) SB
531 2651 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 2701 162 (Contents:) SB
531 2701 1542 (Source code and documentation for DNA and protein sequence analysis software for Unix.) SB
231 2751 131 (Access:) SB
531 2751 408 (Accessible through FTP) SB
531 2851 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 2851 313 (mbcrr.harvard.edu) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1034 2976 1147 (Chapter 12: Internet Accessible Databases and Bibliographies) SB
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531 287 165 (directory:) SB
831 287 304 (MBCRR-Package) SB
231 387 144 (Contact:) SB
531 387 458 (tsmith@mbcrr.harvard.edu) SB
531 487 327 (MBCRR, LG-S127) SB
531 537 243 (44 Binney St.,) SB
531 587 324 (Boston. MA 02115) SB
531 637 263 (\(617\) 732-3746) SB
231 737 184 (More Info:) SB
531 737 797 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 3.20.) SB
531 837 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 837 313 (mbcrr.harvard.edu) SB
531 887 165 (directory:) SB
831 887 304 (MBCRR-Package) SB
531 937 69 (file:) SB
831 937 177 (README) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 987 187 (PROSITE) SB
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231 1091 174 (Audience:) SB
531 1091 1070 (Anyone, but most useful to molecular and structural biologists.) SB
231 1141 162 (Contents:) SB
531 1141 672 (Dictionary of protein sites and patterns.) SB
231 1191 131 (Access:) SB
531 1191 419 (Accessible through FTP.) SB
531 1291 190 (FTP Hosts:) SB
831 1291 289 (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) SB
531 1341 165 (directory:) SB
831 1341 353 (repository/PROSITE) SB
531 1391 69 (file:) SB
831 1391 178 (prosite.dat) SB
231 1491 144 (Contact:) SB
381 1491 395 (bairoch@cmu.unige.ch) SB
531 1591 245 (Amos Bairoch) SB
531 1641 589 (Medical Biochemistry Department) SB
531 1691 495 (Centre Medical Universitaire) SB
531 1741 256 (1211 Geneva 4) SB
531 1791 202 (Switzerland) SB
531 1841 55 (tel:) SB
681 1841 306 (\(+41 22\) 61 84 92) SB
231 1941 184 (More Info:) SB
531 1941 1001 (Bairoch, A., 1991,  Nucleic Acids Research 19:2241-2245.) SB
531 2041 477 (Handbook and User Manual) SB
531 2141 190 (FTP Hosts:) SB
831 2141 289 (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) SB
531 2191 165 (directory:) SB
831 2191 190 (pub/prosite) SB
531 2241 85 (files:) SB
831 2241 182 (prosite.txt ) SB
1431 2241 263 (\(Users Manual\)) SB
831 2291 198 (prosite.doc ) SB
1431 2291 203 (\(Handbook\)) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2341 299 (SEQANALREF) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2445 174 (Audience:) SB
531 2445 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 2495 162 (Contents:) SB
531 2495 1111 (DNA sequence analysis bibliography containing 1657 references.) SB
231 2545 195 (Comments:) SB
531 2545 691 (Version 21.0 available in October, 1991.) SB
231 2595 131 (Access:) SB
531 2595 419 (Accessible through FTP.) SB
531 2695 190 (FTP Hosts:) SB
831 2695 289 (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) SB
531 2745 165 (directory:) SB
831 2745 455 (repository/SEQANALREF) SB
531 2795 85 (files:) SB
831 2795 204 (seqanalr.dat) SB
1431 2795 307 (\(the bibliography\)) SB
831 2845 197 (seqanalr.txt) SB
1431 2845 199 (\(a help file\)) SB
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231 337 144 (Contact:) SB
531 337 395 (bairoch@cmu.unige.ch) SB
531 437 245 (Amos Bairoch) SB
531 487 589 (Medical Biochemistry Department) SB
531 537 495 (Centre Medical Universitaire) SB
531 587 256 (1211 Geneva 4) SB
531 637 202 (Switzerland) SB
531 687 383 (tel:  \(+41 22\) 61 84 92) SB
231 787 184 (More Info:) SB
531 787 1544 (Bairoch A.  1991.  SEQANALREF: a sequence analysis bibliographic reference data bank.) SB
531 837 460 (CABIOS 7:268-268\(1991\).) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 937 269 (SWISS-PROT) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1041 174 (Audience:) SB
531 1041 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 1091 162 (Contents:) SB
531 1091 1357 (Protein sequence data bank containing 21,795 sequences and 21,773 references.) SB
231 1141 195 (Comments:) SB
531 1141 1619 (Release 20.0 will be available in November, 1991; tape and CD ROM distribution in late 1991.) SB
231 1191 131 (Access:) SB
531 1191 419 (Accessible through FTP.) SB
531 1291 190 (FTP Hosts:) SB
831 1291 289 (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) SB
531 1341 165 (directory:) SB
831 1341 427 (repository/SWISS-PROT) SB
531 1391 69 (file:) SB
831 1391 199 (userman.txt) SB
1431 1391 370 (\(ASCII users manual\)) SB
231 1491 144 (Contact:) SB
531 1491 395 (bairoch@cmu.unige.ch) SB
531 1591 245 (Amos Bairoch) SB
531 1641 589 (Medical Biochemistry Department) SB
531 1691 495 (Centre Medical Universitaire) SB
531 1741 256 (1211 Geneva 4) SB
531 1791 202 (Switzerland) SB
531 1841 55 (tel:) SB
681 1841 306 (\(+41 22\) 61 84 92) SB
231 1941 184 (More Info:) SB
531 1941 1190 (Bairoch A., Boeckmann B.; Nucleic Acids Res. 19:2247- 2249\(1991\).) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 2038 239 (Geography) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2152 465 (Geographic Name Server) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2256 174 (Audience:) SB
531 2256 721 (Anyone, but please do not use frivolously!) SB
231 2306 162 (Contents:) SB
531 2306 1514 (Currently, geographic information for U.S. cities, counties, states as well as some natural) SB
531 2356 1612 (features taken from the U.S. Geodetic Survey, and the U.S. Postal Service.  There are plans for) SB
531 2406 1632 (worldwide coverage.  Variables stored include names, elevation, latitude, longitude, population,) SB
531 2456 940 (telephone area code and FIPS codes where appropriate.) SB
231 2506 195 (Comments:) SB
531 2506 1469 (The output from this program is most easily used as input for other software packages.) SB
231 2556 131 (Access:) SB
531 2556 171 (TELNET.) SB
531 2656 597 (telnet martini.eecs.umich.edu 3000) SB
231 2756 144 (Contact:) SB
531 2756 195 (Tom Libert) SB
531 2806 391 (libert@eecs.umich.edu) SB
531 2856 263 (\(313\) 936-3000) SB
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231 334 533 (Government and Politics) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 448 500 (U.S. Senate Bibliographies) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 552 174 (Audience:) SB
531 552 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 602 162 (Contents:) SB
531 602 1477 (Bibliographies of U.S. Senate Committee hearings and publications for the 99th-102nd) SB
531 652 202 (Congresses.) SB
231 702 195 (Comments:) SB
531 702 1577 (Filenames in the database have a very particular way of being put together which you should) SB
531 752 1650 (understood before using the database.  Be sure to obtain the file readme.gwp9108 which explains) SB
531 802 238 (these formats.) SB
231 852 131 (Access:) SB
531 852 725 (Accessible through FTP and e-mail server.) SB
531 952 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 952 340 (ncsuvm.cc.ncsu.edu) SB
531 1002 165 (directory:) SB
831 1002 106 (senate) SB
531 1052 69 (file:) SB
831 1052 292 (readme.gwp9108) SB
1131 1052 455 (\(basic information file; the) SB
1131 1102 462 (last four numbers represent) SB
1131 1152 499 (year & month of file version\)) SB
531 1252 121 (e-mail:) SB
831 1252 501 (listserv@ncsuvm.cc.ncsu.edu) SB
531 1302 132 (subject:) SB
831 1302 241 (\(none needed\)) SB
531 1352 155 (message:) SB
831 1352 472 (get readme gwp9108 senate) SB
831 1402 347 (floppy disks by mail) SB
231 1502 144 (Contact:) SB
531 1502 327 (John A. McGeachy) SB
531 1602 403 (Documents Department) SB
531 1652 308 (D.H. Hill Library,) SB
531 1702 540 (North Carolina State University) SB
531 1752 212 (Raleigh, NC) SB
531 1802 203 (27695-7111) SB
531 1852 263 (\(919\) 515-3280) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1999 468 (Grants and Contracts) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2113 1120 (STIS--Science and Technology Information System \(NNSC\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2217 174 (Audience:) SB
531 2217 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 2267 162 (Contents:) SB
531 2267 1566 (National Science Foundation publications, including NSF Bulletin, Guide to NSF Programs,) SB
531 2317 1625 (grants booklet including application forms, grants program announcements, press releases, NSF) SB
531 2367 1514 (telephone book, reports of National Science Board, abstracts and descriptions of research) SB
531 2417 1507 (projects currently funded by NSF, and analytical reports and news from the International) SB
531 2467 319 (Programs division.) SB
231 2517 195 (Comments:) SB
531 2517 1498 (TELNET and modem service features prompts and full screen menus, online viewing of) SB
531 2567 1336 (documents,  database search utilities, provisions for downloading, and tutorial.) SB
231 2617 131 (Access:) SB
531 2617 1170 (STIS can be used through FTP, TELNET, or dial in calls by modem:) SB
531 2717 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 2717 192 (stis.nsf.gov) SB
531 2767 165 (directory:) SB
831 2767 233 (all directories) SB
531 2817 85 (files:) SB
831 2817 127 (all files) SB
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1034 2976 1147 (Chapter 12: Internet Accessible Databases and Bibliographies) SB
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531 287 172 (TELNET:) SB
831 287 192 (stis.nsf.gov) SB
531 337 99 (login:) SB
831 337 106 (public) SB
32 0 0 33 33 0 0 30 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
531 395 220 (MODEM CALL) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
751 387 12 (:) SB
831 387 594 (\(202\) 357-0359, or \(202\) 357-0360) SB
531 437 1549 (Terminal emulation settings should be term=VT100, parity=even, data bits=7, duplex=full.) SB
231 537 144 (Contact:) SB
531 537 220 (stis@nsf.gov) SB
531 637 152 (Dr. STIS) SB
531 687 492 (National Science Foundation) SB
531 737 529 (Office of Information Systems,) SB
531 787 177 (Room 401) SB
531 837 360 (1800 G. Street, N.W.) SB
531 887 433 (Washington, D.C.  20550) SB
531 937 263 (\(202\) 357-7555) SB
231 1037 184 (More Info:) SB
531 1037 650 (Online help during TELNET sessions.) SB
531 1137 507 (STIS Manual, available from:) SB
531 1237 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 1237 192 (stis.nsf.gov) SB
531 1287 85 (files:) SB
831 1287 213 (stishelp.man) SB
1431 1287 261 (\(ASCII format\)) SB
831 1337 212 (stishelp.wp5) SB
1431 1337 400 (\(WordPerfect 5 format\)) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1434 161 (History) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1548 836 (General Information about History Databases) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1652 1865 (The FTP host ra.msstate.edu contains a great deal of information about history databases.  This is a very good) SB
231 1702 1848 (source to check periodically if you want to keep abreast of developments in history databases.  The directory) SB
231 1752 1873 (listed below also contains many online archives, articles, bibliographies, and other electronic documents.  The) SB
231 1802 1207 (archives are maintained by Don Mabry of Mississippi State University.) SB
531 1952 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 1952 243 (ra.msstate.edu) SB
531 2002 165 (directory:) SB
831 2002 281 (pub/docs/history) SB
1281 2002 590 (\(contains many directories holding) SB
1281 2052 499 ( files of interest to historians\)) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2202 942 (MEMDB \(Medieval and Early Modern Data Bank\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2306 174 (Audience:) SB
531 2306 312 (Contact MEMDB.) SB
231 2356 162 (Contents:) SB
531 2356 825 (Data on western Europe between 800-1800 A.D.) SB
231 2406 195 (Comments:) SB
531 2406 684 (One must pay subscription fees to RLIN) SB
231 2456 131 (Access:) SB
531 2456 680 (Through Research Libraries Group, Inc.) SB
231 2506 160 (Contacts:) SB
531 2606 917 (MEMDB:The Medieval and Early Modern Data Bank) SB
531 2656 547 (Department of History CN 5059) SB
531 2706 756 (Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey) SB
531 2756 456 (New Brunswick, NJ 08903) SB
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531 287 110 (RLIN:) SB
681 287 435 (RLIN Information Center) SB
531 337 524 (Research Libraries Group, Inc.) SB
531 387 237 (1200 Villa St.) SB
531 437 560 (Mountain View, CA 94041-1100) SB
231 537 184 (More Info:) SB
531 537 962 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 3.3 \(MEMDB\)) SB
531 587 902 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 2.4 \(RLIN\)) SB
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231 684 222 (Literature) SB
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231 798 462 (Dartmouth Dante Project) SB
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231 902 174 (Audience:) SB
531 902 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 952 162 (Contents:) SB
531 952 1553 (A database containing the text of Dante's "Divina Commedia" and full texts of 600 years of) SB
531 1002 1623 (scholarly commentary on the work.  The database uses the BRS/Search program.  Currently, 46) SB
531 1052 806 (of 60 planned commentaries has been installed.) SB
231 1102 195 (Comments:) SB
531 1102 1501 (Online help, and printed user manual for $4.00  Note that many of the commentaries are) SB
531 1152 1594 (copyrighted, so the database itself cannot be distributed.  Available 24 hours a day, except for) SB
531 1202 639 (Monday, 4:15-6:30 am Eastern Time.) SB
231 1252 131 (Access:) SB
531 1252 681 (Internet access via TELNET or modem:) SB
531 1352 172 (TELNET:) SB
831 1352 698 (library.dartmouth.edu \(or 129.170.16.11\)) SB
531 1452 258 (modem access:) SB
831 1452 263 (\(603\) 643-6300) SB
1131 1452 351 (\(300 and 1200 baud\)) SB
831 1502 263 (\(603\) 643-6310) SB
1131 1502 240 (\(> 1200 baud\)) SB
531 1602 1481 (After connecting by either TELNET or modem, supply terminal emulation information) SB
531 1652 1332 (\("unknown" will work for most sessions\); when you see the "->" prompt, type:) SB
681 1752 235 (connect dante) SB
531 1852 572 (to connect to the Dante Database.) SB
231 1952 144 (Contact:) SB
531 1952 377 (dante@dartmouth.edu) SB
531 2052 426 (Dartmouth Dante Project) SB
531 2102 203 (1 Reed Hall) SB
531 2152 153 (HB 6087) SB
531 2202 326 (Dartmouth College) SB
531 2252 343 (Hanover, NH 03755) SB
531 2302 263 (\(603\) 646-2633) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 2449 278 (Mathematics) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2563 580 (MATLAB User Group Archive) SB
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231 2667 174 (Audience:) SB
531 2667 1264 (Anyone interested in or using the MATLAB numeric computation system.) SB
231 2717 162 (Contents:) SB
531 2717 567 (MATLAB functions and utilities.) SB
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231 287 195 (Comments:) SB
531 287 1607 (These MATLAB files are also accessible from NETLIB \(please see next entry\).  If you choose) SB
531 337 1623 (not to use NETLIB, you are encouraged to subscribe to the MATLAB users digest by sending a) SB
531 387 1396 (subscription request, including your e-mail user-id and address, to:   matlab-users-) SB
531 437 366 (request@mcs.anl.gov) SB
231 487 131 (Access:) SB
531 487 307 (Via e-mail server:) SB
531 587 88 (mail:) SB
831 587 278 (netlib@ornl.gov) SB
531 637 132 (subject:) SB
831 637 241 (\(none needed\)) SB
531 687 155 (message:) SB
831 687 402 (send index from matlab) SB
231 787 144 (Contact:) SB
531 787 368 (bischof@mcs.anl.gov) SB
531 887 311 (Christian Bischoff) SB
531 937 656 (Math and Computer Sciences Division) SB
531 987 397 (Argonne National Labs) SB
531 1037 325 (Argonne, IL 60439) SB
531 1087 263 (\(708\) 972-8875) SB
231 1187 184 (More Info:) SB
531 1187 797 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 3.18.) SB
531 1287 1556 (To subscribe to the MATLAB user's digest, send a request including you user-id and e-mail) SB
531 1337 182 (address to:) SB
531 1437 596 (matlab-users-request@mcs.anl.gov) SB
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231 1537 939 (Netlib Mathematical Software Distribution System) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1641 174 (Audience:) SB
531 1641 822 (Anyone using or writing mathematical software.) SB
231 1691 162 (Contents:) SB
531 1691 1550 (Library of mathematical software and algorithms; also a menu driven service called "walk") SB
531 1741 1281 (which allows one to find the appropriate algorithm for a particular purpose.) SB
231 1791 195 (Comments:) SB
531 1791 591 (A tremendously valuable resource.) SB
231 1841 131 (Access:) SB
531 1841 1067 (Accessible through FTP, e-mail server, TELNET, and modem.) SB
531 1941 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 1941 279 (research.att.com) SB
531 1991 99 (login:) SB
831 1991 97 (netlib) SB
531 2041 165 (directory:) SB
831 2041 43 (all) SB
531 2141 339 (Mail-server Access:) SB
981 2141 715 (North American users should send mail to) SB
831 2241 300 (netlib@ornl.gov  ) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 39 /Times-Italic /font39 ANSIFont font
1131 2240 37 (or) SB
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831 2293 415 (netlib@research.att.com) SB
531 2393 132 (subject:) SB
831 2393 241 (\(none needed\)) SB
531 2443 155 (message:) SB
831 2443 182 (send index) SB
531 2543 172 (TELNET:) SB
831 2543 279 (research.att.com) SB
531 2593 99 (login:) SB
831 2593 82 (walk) SB
531 2693 273 (Modem Access:) SB
831 2693 263 (\(908\) 582-1238) SB
531 2743 99 (login:) SB
831 2743 82 (walk) SB
231 2843 144 (Contact:) SB
531 2843 1051 (Eric Grosse, AT&T Bell Labs 2t-504, Murray Hill, NJ  07974) SB
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531 337 121 (e-mail:) SB
831 337 379 (ehg@research.att.com) SB
531 387 55 (tel:) SB
831 387 263 (\(908\) 582-5828) SB
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231 487 386 (Maple FTP Archives) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 591 174 (Audience:) SB
531 591 1028 (Anyone using or interested in Maple mathematical software.) SB
231 641 162 (Contents:) SB
531 641 368 (Maple software tools.) SB
231 691 131 (Access:) SB
531 691 419 (Accessible through FTP.) SB
531 791 190 (FTP Hosts:) SB
831 791 264 (129.132.101.33) SB
1131 791 603 (\(neptune\) ETH Zurich, Switzerland) SB
831 841 254 (129.97.128.58 ) SB
1131 841 542 (University of Waterloo, Canada) SB
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231 891 495 (Mathematica FTP archives) SB
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231 995 174 (Audience:) SB
531 995 1114 (Anyone using or interested in the Mathematica software package.) SB
231 1045 162 (Contents:) SB
531 1045 482 (Mathematica software tools.) SB
231 1095 131 (Access:) SB
531 1095 419 (Accessible through FTP.) SB
531 1195 190 (FTP Hosts:) SB
831 1195 299 (otter.stanford.edu) SB
831 1245 289 (ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
831 1295 187 (nic.funet.fi) SB
831 1345 349 (fenris.claremont.edu) SB
831 1395 236 (siam.unibe.ch) SB
831 1445 362 (vax.eedsp.gatech.edu) SB
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231 1542 130 (Music) SB
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231 1656 499 (Music and Lyrics Archives) SB
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231 1760 174 (Audience:) SB
531 1760 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 1810 162 (Contents:) SB
531 1810 1523 (Lyrics for thousands of contemporary rock albums, discographies and commentary on the) SB
531 1860 443 (classical music repertoire.) SB
231 1910 195 (Comments:) SB
531 1910 1350 (There is a directory to receive contributions to the archive \(pub/tmp/incoming\).) SB
231 1960 131 (Access:) SB
531 1960 419 (Accessible through FTP.) SB
531 2060 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 2060 230 (vacs.uwp.edu) SB
531 2110 165 (directory:) SB
831 2110 169 (pub/lyrics) SB
531 2160 69 (file:) SB
831 2160 237 (files.directory) SB
231 2260 144 (Contact:) SB
531 2260 352 (datta@vacs.uwp.edu) SB
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231 2357 158 (Physics) SB
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231 2471 716 (PINET--Physics Information Network.) SB
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231 2575 174 (Audience:) SB
531 2575 289 (Registered users.) SB
231 2625 162 (Contents:) SB
531 2625 1580 (SPIN and General Physics Advanced Abstracts, bibliographic databases, job announcements,) SB
531 2675 1359 (AIP meetings, news releases, and announcements, ordering of AIP publications.) SB
231 2725 195 (Comments:) SB
531 2725 1586 (This is a for fee service which requires an initial registration fee, and hourly connect charges.) SB
231 2775 131 (Access:) SB
531 2775 496 (Accessible through TELNET) SB
531 2875 172 (TELNET:) SB
831 2875 215 (pinet.aip.org) SB
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231 334 192 (Statistics) SB
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231 448 1051 (Statlib Statistical Software and Data Distribution System) SB
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231 552 174 (Audience:) SB
531 552 144 (Anyone.) SB
231 602 162 (Contents:) SB
531 602 1124 (Statistical software, algorithms, datasets, directory of statisticians.) SB
231 652 131 (Access:) SB
531 652 796 (Statlib is accessible via FTP and e-mail server.) SB
531 752 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 752 271 (lib.stat.cmu.edu) SB
531 802 202 (login name:) SB
831 802 104 (statlib) SB
531 852 170 (password:) SB
831 852 340 (your-e-mail-address) SB
531 952 206 (Mail server:) SB
831 952 414 (statlib@lib.stat.cmu.edu) SB
531 1002 132 (subject:) SB
831 1002 241 (\(none needed\)) SB
531 1052 155 (message:) SB
831 1052 182 (send index) SB
531 1152 1537 (Statlib will send a file containing information about the contents of the archives, and more) SB
531 1202 854 (detailed instructions on how to use the mailserver.) SB
231 1302 144 (Contact:) SB
531 1302 260 (Michael Meyer) SB
531 1402 372 (mikem@stat.cmu.edu) SB
531 1452 410 (Department of Statistics) SB
531 1502 475 (Carnegie Mellon University) SB
531 1552 364 (Pittsburgh PA, 15213) SB
531 1602 263 (\(412\) 268-3108) SB
231 1702 184 (More Info:) SB
531 1702 797 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 3.19.) SB
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231 334 1453 (For More Information about Internet Databases and Bibliographies) SB
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231 448 984 (Databases as Sources of Information about Databases) SB
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231 552 1788 (If there are databases in this chapter which are of special interest to you, you can communicate with their) SB
231 602 1899 (appropriate contact people for information to determine what other related databases exist or are being planned.) SB
231 652 1912 (In many cases, the databases listed in this chapter contain many pointers to other related databases \(for example,) SB
231 702 1862 (the History archives at Mississippi State University provides information on a wide variety of history-specific) SB
231 752 519 (sources throughout the world\).) SB
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231 852 1386 (Fellow Internet Users and Peers as Sources of Information about Databases) SB
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231 956 1759 (If you are interested in particular classes of databases, you are advised to subscribe to some of the more) SB
231 1006 1944 (quantitatively oriented Internet discussion groups to keep up to date on what databases are available to researchers) SB
231 1056 1906 (in your field -- in fact, much of the information about online databases provided in this chapter was collected by) SB
231 1106 1933 (following up on postings to discipline specific LISTSERV and USENET discussion groups.  Refer to Section 3 of) SB
231 1156 1925 (NUSIRG for more information on using LISTSERV and USENET, and how to determine what discussion groups) SB
231 1206 615 (are most appropriate for your needs.) SB
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231 1306 874 (Other Printed Compendia of Internet Databases) SB
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231 1410 1907 (Chapter 2 of the following source contains continually updated information about a variety of Internet databases) SB
231 1460 326 (and bibliographies:) SB
231 1560 1874 (NSF Network Service Center.  \(1988 - \).  Internet Resource Guide.  NSF Network Service Center, Cambridge,) SB
231 1610 67 (MA) SB
231 1710 174 (FTP Host:) SB
531 1710 202 (nnsc.nsf.net) SB
231 1760 165 (directory:) SB
531 1760 251 (resource-guide) SB
231 1810 85 (files:) SB
531 1810 290 (chapter2-ps.tar.Z) SB
831 1810 984 (\(compressed and archived PostScript version of Chapter 2) SB
531 1860 295 (chapter2.txt.tar.Z) SB
831 1860 931 (\(compressed and archived ASCII version of Chapter 2.) SB
231 1960 1758 (Chapter 2 of the following printed document provides detailed information about 10 Internet databases:) SB
231 2060 1768 (NYSERNet, Inc.  1991.  NYSERNet New User's Guide to Useful and Unique Resources on the Internet.) SB
231 2110 541 (NYSERNet, Inc. Syracuse, NY.) SB
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282 289 1848 (Chapter 13: WAIS \( Wide Area Information Server \) :) SB
743 381 925 (An Interface to Databases) SB
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231 810 47 (W) SB
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278 820 142 (HAT IS ) SB
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420 810 161 (WAIS?) SB
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231 921 1937 (WAIS is an innovative "information server" program which allows you to search diverse databases on the Internet) SB
231 971 609 (from a single, easy-to-use interface.) SB
231 1071 757 (For example, WAIS currently allows you to:) SB
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381 1176 32 (o) SB
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456 1172 291 (read newspapers,) SB
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381 1227 32 (o) SB
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456 1223 755 (get information on any country in the world,) SB
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381 1278 32 (o) SB
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456 1274 564 (scan many specialized databases,) SB
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381 1329 32 (o) SB
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456 1325 585 (get information about the Internet,) SB
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381 1380 32 (o) SB
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456 1376 275 (and much more.) SB
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231 1523 36 (H) SB
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231 1634 1939 (All versions of WAIS operate in the same way.  WAIS runs on a "client" machine, such as a Macintosh connected) SB
231 1684 1916 (to the Internet, and queries "server" machines which contain the actual databases \(such as a Connection Machine) SB
231 1734 346 (in Cambridge, MA\).) SB
231 1834 1929 (The WAIS client presents a uniform search interface, and translates the user's request into a syntax understood by) SB
231 1884 1944 (the various servers.  You don't need to know anything about the various query languages of the server databases to) SB
231 1934 185 (use WAIS.) SB
231 2034 1937 (WAIS is particularly adept at handling complex textual information.  It can search through many large documents) SB
231 2084 1910 (for the occurrence of keywords, and list which documents are of relevance to your query.  Each document gets a) SB
231 2134 1883 (score, ranging from 1-1000, for how well the document corresponds to what you want to find \(with 1000 being) SB
231 2184 1844 (deemed a "perfect fit"\).  The criteria by which WAIS determines relevance of documents can be modified to) SB
231 2234 1823 (customize searches even more closely to the user's needs.  This customization process uses a method called) SB
231 2284 372 ("relevance feedback.") SB
231 2384 1922 (One of the many exciting possibilities opened up by WAIS and related Information Servers is that you can create) SB
231 2434 1895 (a "Personal Electronic Newspaper."  You can have WAIS automatically pull all items of interest together into a) SB
231 2484 830 (single document monthly, weekly, or even daily.) SB
231 2584 1926 (There are versions of WAIS available for the Mac, Unix computers, X-window terminals, and VMS.  If you want) SB
231 2634 1909 (to install a copy of WAIS on your own system, read the section "How to Get a Copy of WAIS" at the end of this) SB
231 2684 178 (document.) SB
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231 445 1909 (WAIS is so new and rapidly evolving that this document will probably be out of date by time you read it.  There) SB
231 495 1886 (will probably be hundreds of WAIS clients running on many different Internet hosts with access to hundreds of) SB
231 545 173 (databases.) SB
231 645 1818 (If you want to use or learn more about WAIS you are strongly encouraged to subscribe to one of the WAIS) SB
231 695 1881 (discussion groups or mailing listed at the end of this document to keep posted on the rapid development of this) SB
231 745 526 (exciting new Internet resource.) SB
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231 892 36 (U) SB
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231 1003 1916 (To illustrate the use of WAIS, we will show a session using the SWAIS program, which is a generally accessible) SB
231 1053 1919 (and easily used implementation of WAIS on the Internet.  Note that many of the details of using WAIS would be) SB
231 1103 1817 (different on Mac or X-windows based implementations, which make extensive use of icons and the mouse.) SB
231 1203 1892 (SWAIS is one of several interactive, window oriented versions of WAIS.  WAIS can also be run as a command) SB
231 1253 1596 (line program which allows much more powerful and automated searching of server databases.) SB
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950 1400 211 ("SWAIS") SB
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231 1511 1938 (To use the SWAIS version of WAIS you should use full screen terminal emulation, such as vt100.  Ask your local) SB
231 1561 803 (user service staff or instructor if you need help.) SB
231 1661 1859 (Lines preceded by U> indicate lines on which you enter commands; lines preceded by W> indicate responses) SB
231 1711 211 (from WAIS.) SB
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231 2125 838 (To get started, just TELNET to quake.think.com:) SB
381 2225 454 (U> telnet quake.think.com) SB
381 2325 630 (W> SunOS UNIX \(quake.think.com\)) SB
381 2425 207 (U> LOGIN:) SB
681 2425 77 (wais) SB
381 2475 412 (U> TERM = \(unknown\)) SB
831 2475 107 ( vt100) SB
231 2575 1932 (If you have specified a full screen terminal type, such as vt100,  you should now see something like the following) SB
231 2625 261 (on your screen:) SB
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744 2976 1437 (Chapter 13: WAIS \(Wide Area Information Server\): An Interface to Databases) SB
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744 2976 1437 (Chapter 13: WAIS \(Wide Area Information Server\): An Interface to Databases) SB
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231 287 1863 (Now we can begin a search.  Let's look for entries which contain information about tropical forests.  Press the) SB
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231 1055 1888 (WAIS is now establishing an Internet connection to the computer "cmns.think.com", and searching through the) SB
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744 2976 1437 (Chapter 13: WAIS \(Wide Area Information Server\): An Interface to Databases) SB
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231 2465 817 (...and then the article is displayed on the screen.) SB
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231 1240 1699 (Malaysian state on the north coast of Borneo.  He challenges conservationists to fly over his timber-) SB
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231 1390 1752 (Southeast Asia is being sucked into the center of a global controversy over the world's fast-diminishing) SB
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231 1440 264 (tropical forests.) SB
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231 2047 1944 (You can press any key and see the rest of the article.  When we've finished reading the article, the following menu) SB
231 2097 637 (reappears at the bottom of the screen.) SB
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231 2411 1920 (We could continue looking at the other articles in the list from the Wall Street Journal; but to make a point about) SB
231 2461 1855 (the power of WAIS, let's broaden the scope of our search.  By accessing another database, we can learn more) SB
231 2511 1930 (about Borneo, one of the places mentioned in the article.  Use the "s" command to go back to the list of databases) SB
231 2561 137 (sources.) SB
381 2661 81 (U> s) SB
231 2761 1848 (You will see the list of sources we saw previously.  Put the highlighted line on the line referencing the "Wall) SB
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231 1863 1350 (down in the list, so we need to scroll through a few pages of geographic names.) SB
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231 1390 1127 (--More--  \(There are several more pages before we get to Borneo.\)) SB
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gs 899 50 209 1487 CB
231 1490 178 (Bora-Bora) SB
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1131 1490 292 (French Polynesia) SB
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231 1540 581 (Bordeaux \(US Consulate General\)) SB
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1131 1540 115 (France) SB
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231 1590 124 (Borneo) SB
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gs 898 50 1109 1587 CB
1131 1590 480 (Brunei; Indonesia; Malaysia) SB
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231 1640 171 (Bornholm) SB
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1131 1640 157 (Denmark) SB
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231 1690 158 (Bosporus) SB
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1131 1690 256 (Atlantic Ocean) SB
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231 1790 793 (\(followed by many more pages of place names) SB
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231 1993 1881 (According to this list, we can get more information about Borneo by looking at the specific listings for Brunei,) SB
231 2043 1926 (Indonesia, and Malaysia.  We'll select the file for Brunei to show you what a country listing looks like.  As usual,) SB
231 2093 1166 (press the w key to get the keyword search screen, and type "Brunei".) SB
381 2193 95 (U> w) SB
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231 2296 375 (U> Keywords: Brunei) SB
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231 2396 1056 (Enter keywords with spaces between them; <return> to search) SB
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231 2496 452 (Searching: world-factbook) SB
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744 2976 1437 (Chapter 13: WAIS \(Wide Area Information Server\): An Interface to Databases) SB
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591 390 301 (\( cmns-vax.think\)) SB
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1041 390 502 (Country:  Brunei--Geography) SB
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1041 440 500 (Country:  Malaysia--Geograp) SB
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1041 490 518 (Appendix E:  Cross-Reference) SB
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381 540 102 ([ 822]) SB
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591 540 301 (\( cmns-vax.think\)) SB
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gs 824 50 1019 537 CB
1041 540 483 (THE WORLD FACTBOOK) SB
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gs 208 50 1844 537 CB
1866 540 63 (697) SB
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231 590 1039 (<space> selects, arrows move, w for keywords, s for sources,) SB
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231 640 163 (? for help) SB
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231 793 1502 (Move the cursor to line #1, press the space bar, and the file for Brunei will be displayed.) SB
gs 1798 53 209 890 CB
231 896 219 (0000034CIA) SB
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gs 1798 50 209 943 CB
231 946 448 (The World Factbook 1990) SB
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2 49 206 943 B
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gs 1798 100 209 993 CB
231 996 126 (900101) SB
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gs 1798 100 209 1093 CB
231 1096 276 (Country: Brunei) SB
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gs 1798 100 209 1193 CB
231 1196 212 (- Geography) SB
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gs 1798 50 209 1293 CB
231 1296 758 (Total area: 5,770 km2; land area: 5,270 km2) SB
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gs 1798 50 209 1343 CB
231 1346 818 (Comparative area: slightly larger than Delaware) SB
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2 49 206 1343 B
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gs 1798 50 209 1393 CB
231 1396 660 (Land boundary: 381 km with Malaysia) SB
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gs 1798 50 209 1443 CB
231 1446 311 (Coastline: 161 km) SB
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231 1496 807 (Maritime claims: Exclusive fishing zone: 200 n) SB
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231 1546 370 (Territorial sea: 12 nm) SB
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231 1596 1321 (Disputes: may wish to purchase the Malaysian salient that divides the country) SB
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gs 1798 50 209 1643 CB
231 1646 604 (Climate: tropical; hot, humid, rainy) SB
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gs 1798 50 209 1693 CB
231 1696 1250 (Terrain: flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west) SB
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gs 1798 50 209 1743 CB
231 1746 810 (Natural resources: crude oil, natural gas, timber) SB
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231 1796 1285 (Land use: 1% arable land; 1% permanent crops; 1% meadows and pastures;) SB
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231 1846 1108 (79% forest and woodland; 18% other; includes NEGL% irrigated) SB
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2 49 206 1843 B
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gs 1798 50 209 1893 CB
231 1896 1118 (Environment: typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare) SB
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2 49 206 1893 B
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gs 1798 50 209 1943 CB
231 1946 1243 (Note: close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and) SB
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gs 1798 100 209 1993 CB
231 1996 1018 (Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia.) SB
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231 2096 140 (- People) SB
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231 2196 985 (Population: 372,108 \(July 1990\), growth rate 7.1% \(1990\)) SB
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gs 1798 50 209 2243 CB
231 2246 756 (Birth rate: 23 births/1,000 population \(1990\)) SB
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2 49 206 2243 B
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gs 1798 50 209 2293 CB
231 2296 761 (Death rate: 4 deaths/1,000 population \(1990\)) SB
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gs 1798 100 209 2343 CB
231 2346 886 (\(Followed by much more very detailed information\)) SB
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744 2976 1437 (Chapter 13: WAIS \(Wide Area Information Server\): An Interface to Databases) SB
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333 334 42 (M) SB
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473 334 14 (I) SB
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487 344 281 (NFORMATION ) SB
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231 445 1849 (The FTP Host at think.com contains much of what you need to know to get started using or installing WAIS.) SB
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231 545 174 (FTP Host:) SB
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gs 749 50 569 542 CB
591 545 171 (think.com) SB
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gs 360 50 208 592 CB
231 595 165 (directory:) SB
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gs 749 50 569 592 CB
591 595 77 (wais) SB
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231 645 85 (files:) SB
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gs 749 50 569 642 CB
591 645 525 (NCSA-Telnet-MacTCP.sit.hqx) SB
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gs 749 50 1319 642 CB
1341 645 407 (\(Telnet for MAC WAIS) SB
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gs 749 50 569 692 CB
591 695 88 (UNC) SB
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gs 749 50 1319 692 CB
1341 695 485 (\(directory of WAIS for SUN) SB
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gs 749 50 569 742 CB
591 745 420 (WAIStation-0-61.sit.hqx) SB
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gs 749 50 1319 742 CB
1341 745 456 (\(Version 0.61 MAC WAIS) SB
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gs 749 50 569 792 CB
591 795 420 (WAIStation-0-62.sit.hqx) SB
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gs 749 50 1319 792 CB
1341 795 456 (\(Version 0.62 MAC WAIS) SB
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gs 749 50 569 842 CB
591 845 515 (WAIStation-Canned-Demo.sit) SB
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gs 749 50 1319 842 CB
1341 845 341 (\(MAC WAIS Demo) SB
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gs 749 50 569 892 CB
591 895 395 (WAIStation-README) SB
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gs 749 50 1319 892 CB
1341 895 344 (\(GET THIS FILE....) SB
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gs 749 50 569 942 CB
591 945 110 (Z3950) SB
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gs 749 50 1319 942 CB
1341 945 424 (\(directory of Z39.50 info) SB
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gs 749 50 569 992 CB
591 995 50 (etc) SB
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gs 749 50 1319 992 CB
1341 995 296 (\(private directory) SB
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gs 749 50 569 1042 CB
591 1045 239 (motif-a1.tar.Z) SB
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gs 749 50 1319 1042 CB
1341 1045 342 (\(Motif / WAIS code) SB
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gs 749 50 569 1092 CB
591 1095 261 (wais-8-b1.tar.Z) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1319 1092 CB
1341 1095 276 (\(WAIS for Unix) SB
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gs 749 50 569 1142 CB
591 1145 261 (wais-8-b2.tar.Z) SB
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gs 749 50 1319 1142 CB
1341 1145 276 (\(WAIS for Unix) SB
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gs 749 50 569 1192 CB
591 1195 261 (wais-8-b3.tar.Z) SB
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gs 749 50 1319 1192 CB
1341 1195 276 (\(WAIS for Unix) SB
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gs 749 50 569 1242 CB
591 1245 434 (wais-corporate-paper.text) SB
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gs 749 50 1319 1242 CB
1341 1245 299 (\(WAIS document) SB
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591 1295 464 (wais-overview-docs.sit.hqx) SB
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1341 1295 504 (\(WAIS docs. for MAC WAIS) SB
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591 1345 209 (wais-project) SB
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231 1445 1897 (Note that all of the program files are archived and compressed.  Use binary mode during your FTP transfer, and) SB
231 1495 1095 (when you've received them, unarchive and uncompress the files.) SB
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231 1592 56 (OS) SB
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231 1646 95 (MAC) SB
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531 1646 355 (BinHex 4.0 or newer) SB
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1131 1646 161 (UnStuffIt) SB
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231 1696 84 (Unix) SB
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gs 599 50 509 1693 CB
531 1696 45 (tar) SB
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gs 599 50 1109 1693 CB
1131 1696 201 (uncompress) SB
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231 1796 1831 (Read the passage in Chapter 4 of NUSIRG entitled "The ABCs of Handling Special Files" if you need more) SB
231 1846 778 (information about how to use these programs.) SB
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231 1943 36 (K) SB
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267 1953 163 (EEPING ) SB
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577 1943 36 (D) SB
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613 1953 91 (ATE ) SB
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751 1953 75 (ITH ) SB
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826 1943 130 (WAIS) SB
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231 2101 282 (Mailing Lists) SB
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231 2215 1408 (There are a number of Internet interest groups devoted to discussions about WAIS:) SB
gs 750 50 208 2312 CB
231 2315 476 (wais-discussion@think.com) SB
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gs 1049 50 959 2312 CB
981 2315 678 (moderated mailings every 1 or 2 weeks.) SB
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gs 750 50 208 2362 CB
231 2365 426 (wais-interest@think.com) SB
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gs 1049 50 959 2362 CB
981 2365 732 (major monthly announcement about WAIS) SB
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gs 750 50 208 2412 CB
231 2415 365 (wais-talk@think.com) SB
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gs 1049 50 959 2412 CB
981 2415 652 (unmoderated and active discussion for) SB
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gs 1049 50 959 2462 CB
981 2465 520 (WAIS users and implementors) SB
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231 2565 1513 (To subscribe to these groups, send an e-mail message to "list-name-request@think.com":) SB
381 2665 92 (Mail:) SB
681 2665 612 (wais-discussion-request@think.com) SB
381 2715 139 (Subject:) SB
681 2715 360 (Subscription Request) SB
381 2765 159 (Message:) SB
681 2765 1313 (\(request a subscription, and provide your name, user-id, and Internet address\)) SB
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744 2976 1437 (Chapter 13: WAIS \(Wide Area Information Server\): An Interface to Databases) SB
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231 334 472 (USENET Newsgroups) SB
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231 448 1948 (Read this newsgroup through your USENET newsreader software.  \(For information about USENET, read Chapter) SB
231 498 1924 (7 of NUSIRG.\)  By time you read this, there will probably be many more USENET discussion groups which deal) SB
231 548 852 (WAIS in the "comp" and other major  hierarchies.) SB
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231 648 131 (alt.wais) SB
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gs 899 50 1109 645 CB
1131 648 519 (if your site doesn't receive this) SB
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gs 899 50 1109 695 CB
1131 698 611 (group, send a message to the person) SB
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gs 899 50 1109 745 CB
1131 748 606 (responsible for your site's USENET) SB
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1131 798 181 (news feed.) SB
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231 1045 31 (T) SB
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262 1055 218 (ECHNICAL ) SB
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480 1045 36 (C) SB
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516 1055 166 (ONTACT) SB
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682 1045 17 (:) SB
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231 1156 264 (Brewster Kahle) SB
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1131 1156 545 (Thinking Machines Corporation) SB
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231 1206 545 (Thinking Machines Corporation) SB
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1131 1206 261 (245 First Street) SB
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231 1256 550 (1010 El Camino Real, Suite 310) SB
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1131 1256 404 (Cambridge, MA  02142) SB
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231 1306 405 (Menlo Park, CA  94025) SB
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1131 1306 238 (617-234-1000) SB
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231 1356 342 (415-329-9300 X228) SB
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231 1406 355 (brewster@think.com) SB
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231 1653 33 (P) SB
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264 1663 216 (UBLISHED ) SB
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516 1663 257 (EFERENCES ) SB
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809 1663 124 (BOUT ) SB
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933 1653 130 (WAIS) SB
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231 1764 1643 (Printed copies of the following and many other WAIS documents can be obtained by contacting:) SB
381 1864 337 (barbara@think.com) SB
381 1964 277 (Barbara Lincoln) SB
381 2014 436 (Thinking Machines Corp.) SB
381 2064 367 (1010 El Camino Real) SB
381 2114 161 (Suite 310) SB
381 2164 394 (Menlo Park, CA 94025) SB
381 2264 115 (phone:) SB
531 2264 263 (\(415\) 329-9300) SB
381 2314 66 (fax:) SB
531 2314 263 (\(415\) 329-9329) SB
231 2414 1494 (Markoff, J.  1991.  "For the PC User, Vast Libraries."  New York Times.  July 3. pp.C1.) SB
231 2514 1878 (Stanfill, C., and R. Thau,  1991.  "A Parallel Indexed Algorithm for Information Retrieval."  Proceeding of the) SB
231 2564 1650 (12th International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval SIGIR-89.) SB
231 2664 1456 (Stein, R.  1991.  "Browsing Through Terabytes."  Byte Magazine, May.  pp. 157-164.) SB
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744 2976 1437 (Chapter 13: WAIS \(Wide Area Information Server\): An Interface to Databases) SB
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509 289 1393 (Chapter 14: Internet Directory Services) SB
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606 626 1176 ("In my house there's this light switch that doesn't do anything.  Every) SB
606 676 1131 (so often I would flick it on and off just to check.  Yesterday, I got a) SB
606 726 934 (call from a woman in Germany.  She said, 'Cut it out.'") SB
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1560 929 246 (Steven Wright) SB
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231 1284 39 (O) SB
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270 1294 263 (VERVIEW OF ) SB
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1179 1294 177 (ERVICES) SB
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231 1395 1026 (In the previous chapters of NUSIRG, you've learned how to:) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 41 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1500 38 (o) SB
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456 1503 301 (Use Internet tools) SB
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381 1558 38 (o) SB
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456 1561 830 (Get information about information and resources) SB
231 1661 584 (In this chapter you'll learn how to:) SB
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381 1766 38 (o) SB
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456 1769 849 (Get contact information for people on the Internet) SB
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381 1824 38 (o) SB
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456 1827 875 (Find e-mail addresses for computers on the Internet) SB
231 1927 1811 (With the techniques described in this chapter you will be able to independently find user-ids and addresses) SB
231 1977 1768 (appropriate to your particular needs and interests, rather than having to consult already compiled lists of) SB
231 2027 211 (information.) SB
231 2127 1213 (Specifically, you will learn how to answer questions like the following:) SB
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456 2235 1711 ("What is the user-id and e-mail address for my colleague Jason Jaspers at Oregon State University in) SB
456 2285 191 (Corvallis?") SB
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456 2343 1725 ("How do I find the Internet address of a computer at the University of Montana which has data I need) SB
456 2393 564 (for my economics class project?") SB
231 2493 138 (or even:) SB
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456 2601 1580 ("I think my long lost buddy from high school, Robin Sampson, might have an account on the) SB
456 2651 978 (Internet.  How can I find her user-id and e-mail address?") SB
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481 344 326 (APABILITIES OF ) SB
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231 445 1894 (Every day, we can get information about people's and companies' telephone numbers without a second thought.) SB
231 495 1184 (All we have to do is look in a phone book or call directory assistance.) SB
231 595 1863 (Equivalent services are also becoming available for the Internet.  Computer scientists are actively working on) SB
231 645 1907 (projects such as Knowbots and X.500 directory services which will be like "white pages" of users and hosts, and) SB
231 695 1924 ("yellow pages" of network services.  These services are still under development.  Consequently some of them are) SB
231 745 1842 (awkward to use, and contain information for only a tiny fraction of users, hosts, and services on the Internet.) SB
231 845 1779 (But even though present-day Internet information services are very incomplete in their coverage, a small) SB
231 895 1884 (percentage of a huge number can still be a very large number.  For example, the "whois" service at nic.ddn.mil) SB
231 945 1884 (probably lists somewhere around 2% of all Internet users and hosts--but this still amounts to over 75,000 users.) SB
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231 1092 31 (T) SB
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262 1102 218 (ECHNICAL ) SB
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231 1203 1845 (These caveats are not meant to disparage the contributions of the many people working on such projects, but) SB
231 1253 1323 (rather to acknowledge the difficulty of the task with which they are wrestling.) SB
231 1353 1924 (Many technical, ethical, and economic issues significantly complicate the provision of \(or even deciding whether) SB
231 1403 1815 (to provide\) comprehensive, reliable, and easy to use Internet directory services.  In light of all these issues,) SB
231 1453 1772 (providing Internet information services is one the great challenges facing computer network technology.) SB
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381 1558 38 (o) SB
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456 1561 1643 (Complexity of Computer Information: E-mail addresses and their user-ids are often considerably) SB
456 1611 1580 (more complicated and variable in format than information needed for telephone listings.  For) SB
456 1661 1571 (example, one person usually has no more than one home address, while it's not unusual for a) SB
456 1711 900 (computer user to have five or six computer accounts.) SB
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381 1816 38 (o) SB
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456 1819 1637 (Volatility of Computer Information: In addition, e-mail addresses or user-ids change much more) SB
456 1869 1628 (rapidly than postal addresses or people's names.  Your town has probably been in the same state) SB
456 1919 1714 (since it was established, the street you live on has probably had the same name for decades, and very) SB
456 1969 1665 (few people change their first names.  In contrast, the domain name  of an Internet computer might) SB
456 2019 1651 (change every couple of years, and your user-id\(s\) can be changed at any time, based on decisions) SB
456 2069 737 (made  by you or by systems administrators.) SB
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381 2174 38 (o) SB
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456 2177 1696 (Local Information Services are Still Embryonic: In order for an Internet wide information system to) SB
456 2227 1722 (be created, it would be useful \(though possibly not necessary\) for local site information systems to be) SB
456 2277 1619 (developed and perfected.  This is not yet the case.  Most institutions still do not have a publicly) SB
456 2327 881 (accessible master list of local user-id's and services.) SB
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381 2432 38 (o) SB
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456 2435 1576 (Privacy and Security Issues: Many sites are understandably reluctant to publicize some or all) SB
456 2485 1602 (addresses or user-ids because of concerns about unauthorized access to sensitive data or costly) SB
456 2535 341 (computer resources.) SB
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381 2640 38 (o) SB
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456 2643 1725 (Competing Paradigms: Standardized Internet protocols have already been established for transmitting) SB
456 2693 1536 (data \(TCP/IP\) and resolving computer names \(DNS\).  However, there are still a number of) SB
456 2743 1670 (competing approaches for providing Internet "white pages" and "yellow pages" services, and, very) SB
456 2793 1602 (likely, additional programs will be created in the next few years.  On the bright side, however,) SB
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1458 2976 723 (Chapter 14: Internet Directory Services) SB
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456 287 1582 (programs, such as Knowbots, which are described below, can be used to present a single user) SB
456 337 901 (interface for querying distinct information databases.) SB
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231 484 31 (F) SB
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1182 494 94 (ASY ) SB
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1276 484 47 (W) SB
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1323 494 56 (AY) SB
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1379 484 17 (\)) SB
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231 595 1835 (It might seem old-fashioned, but you can find most people after a few well-planned phone calls or letters, at) SB
231 645 1916 (minimal cost in time and money.  When you contact them, you can ask them directly for their user-id and e-mail) SB
231 695 1816 (address.  Here's a typically vague "person directed" question a typical Internet user might ask which is best) SB
231 745 633 (approached by "traditional" methods.) SB
381 845 95 (You: ) SB
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476 844 1654 ("I had a friend in High School named Robin Sampson.  We agreed that no matter what, we would) SB
456 894 1621 (get in touch with each other before 1992.  She loved the Pacific coast, so I bet she's somewhere) SB
456 944 1696 (between Baja and Alaska.  The last time we talked she was majoring in computer science at Oregon) SB
456 994 872 (State, so it seems likely she might use the Internet.") SB
456 1094 1074 ("I guess I'll try Robin's old phone number in my address book".) SB
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381 1197 80 (Tel: ) SB
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461 1196 1426 ("We're sorry, this number has either been disconnected or is no longer in service...") SB
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381 1299 661 (You:  Call Alaska directory assistance:) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 39 /Times-Italic /font39 ANSIFont font
1042 1298 1089 ("Could I have the number for Robin Sampson or her dad, Henry) SB
456 1348 190 (Sampson?") SB
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381 1451 80 (Tel: ) SB
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461 1450 1411 ("We're sorry, those names aren't listed for Anchorage or anywhere else in Alaska.") SB
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381 1553 95 (You: ) SB
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476 1552 1701 ("Hello, is this the Oregon State alumni office? Could I have the current address for Robin Sampson,) SB
456 1602 262 (class of 1985?") SB
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381 1705 80 (Tel: ) SB
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461 1704 1675 ("We're sorry, on her alumna information form, she wrote 'Headed for the great unknown; have fun) SB
456 1754 344 (tracking me down!'") SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1857 1890 (Don't give up yet!  You could try contacting some mutual friends or checking with directory assistance in other) SB
231 1907 486 (area codes along the Pacific.) SB
231 2007 1946 (But Robin appears to be a member of the rare and elusive few who cannot be so easily found \(and having read this) SB
231 2057 1932 (far, you appear to be one of those people who thrive on the challenge of pushing existing technology "through the) SB
231 2107 195 (envelope"\).) SB
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231 2254 31 (F) SB
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262 2264 191 (INDING A ) SB
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453 2254 33 (P) SB
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486 2264 316 (ERSON ON THE ) SB
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802 2254 14 (I) SB
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816 2264 313 (NTERNET WITH ) SB
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1129 2254 36 (D) SB
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1165 2264 218 (IRECTORY ) SB
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1383 2254 33 (S) SB
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1416 2264 177 (ERVICES) SB
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231 2365 1810 (If you can't find a person's Internet address by using telephone calls or postal mail, there are a few Internet) SB
231 2415 627 (directory services which you can try.) SB
231 2515 1859 (Table 1 gives a brief summary of the features and uses of the most useful Internet directory services.  Table 2) SB
231 2565 1158 (summarizes the basic "how to's" of accessing each of these services.) SB
231 2665 1873 (The rest of this chapter presents more detailed information and examples on these services, and presents a few) SB
231 2715 279 (sample sessions.) SB
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231 334 1050 (Table 1: Summary of Internet Directory Services) SB
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231 448 649 (Knowbot Information Server \(KIS\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 552 1850 (A white pages "meta-service" which searches for finding user-ids of Internet users listed in many other white) SB
231 602 437 (pages services, including:) SB
381 702 1093 (finger \(@ any Unix host, e.g., finger@milton.u.washington.edu\)) SB
381 752 439 (mcimail@nri.reston.va.us) SB
381 802 276 (mitwp@mit.edu) SB
381 852 489 (profile@gwen.cs.purdue.edu) SB
381 902 508 (profile@megaron.arizona.edu) SB
381 952 412 (profile@nri.reston.va.us) SB
381 1002 333 (whois@nic.ddn.mil) SB
381 1052 104 (X.500) SB
231 1152 1820 (This list includes most of the other services on this page, so KIS is your best candidate for "one stop" name) SB
231 1202 154 (searches.) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1302 1141 ("USENET Address Server" \(hereafter referred to as"U-ASK"\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1406 1891 (Searches for user-ids and e-mail addresses of people who have posted messages to USENET discussion groups.) SB
231 1456 1858 (This is a very useful service for finding "average" Internet users who have posted to USENET.  It's not a full-) SB
231 1506 1859 (featured directory service, just a list of names and e-mail addresses searched by the Unix grep command \(this) SB
231 1556 1806 (service actually has no name; "U-ASK" was coined so it could be referred to by a name in this document\).) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1656 947 (DDN Network Information Center WHOIS Service) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1760 1940 (Searches for names, user-ids, computer and postal addresses, telephone numbers and other contact information for) SB
231 1810 1860 (70,000+ registered users, hosts, organizations, gateways, and networks throughout the Internet.  Most persons) SB
231 1860 1924 (listed are network administrators or technical staff; especially good coverage of MILNET \(formerly ARPANET\).) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1960 552 (PSI White Pages Pilot Project) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2064 1932 (Searches for names, user-ids, and e-mail addresses, primarily administrators and staff of participating institutions.) SB
231 2114 724 (This is an exploratory project of the X.500) SB
955 2114 322 ( Directory Service.) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2214 266 (soc.net-people) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2318 1928 (This is a USENET discussion group which is devoted to helping people find other people.  It is accessed by using) SB
231 2368 1853 (USENET newsreader and news posting software \(for more information about USENET, refer to Chapter 7 of) SB
231 2418 1950 (NUSIRG\).  If you post to this group, you are encouraged to make your "subject" line as concise and informative as) SB
231 2468 1922 (possible.  For example, an intelligent posting to find our hypothetical friend Robin Sampson might look like this:) SB
381 2568 672 (subject:  Western U.S:  Robin Sampson) SB
381 2668 1757 (I am attempting to locate a friend named Robin Sampson.  The last I heard from her was in 1983, when) SB
381 2718 1580 (she was studying computer science at Oregon State \(followed by other relevant information\).) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1458 2976 723 (Chapter 14: Internet Directory Services) SB
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gs 1650 100 208 75 CB
231 76 1002 (NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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gs 299 100 1859 75 CB
2067 76 69 (163) SB
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32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 334 1401 (Table 2: Basic Access Information for Internet Directory Services) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 448 415 (How to Use this Table) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 552 1909 (The syntax examples present the simplest possible kind of search; most of these services have additional options) SB
231 602 1746 (for more sophisticated searches \(e.g., restrict the search to users in a particular geographic region, etc.\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 1 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 300 50 208 699 CB
231 702 127 (Service) SB
gr
gs 359 50 509 699 CB
531 702 200 (Access Info) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 869 699 CB
891 702 655 (Addresses and Basic Syntax Examples) SB
gr
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 300 50 208 749 CB
231 752 156 (Knowbot) SB
gr
gs 359 50 509 749 CB
531 752 109 (e-mail) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 869 749 CB
891 752 348 (kis@nri.reston.va.us) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 869 799 CB
891 802 366 (kis@sol.bucknell.edu) SB
gr
gs 359 50 509 849 CB
531 852 160 (TELNET) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 869 849 CB
891 852 584 (nri.reston.va.us 185 \(no password\)) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 869 899 CB
891 902 602 (sol.bucknell.edu 185 \(no password\)) SB
gr
gs 1199 100 869 949 CB
891 952 621 (\(you *must* include 185, the port #\)) SB
gr
gs 359 50 509 1049 CB
531 1052 277 (syntax example:) SB
gr
gs 650 50 869 1049 CB
891 1052 375 (query Robin Sampson) SB
gr
gs 359 100 509 1099 CB
531 1102 202 (online help:) SB
gr
gs 650 100 869 1099 CB
891 1102 149 (help or ?) SB
gr
gs 300 100 208 1199 CB
231 1202 161 ("U-ASK") SB
gr
gs 359 100 509 1199 CB
531 1202 109 (e-mail) SB
gr
gs 1199 100 869 1199 CB
891 1202 577 (mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu) SB
gr
gs 359 50 509 1299 CB
531 1302 277 (syntax example:) SB
gr
gs 749 50 869 1299 CB
891 1302 537 (send usenet-addresses/Sampson) SB
gr
gs 359 100 509 1349 CB
531 1352 202 (online help:) SB
gr
gs 650 100 869 1349 CB
891 1352 42 (no) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 1449 CB
231 1452 178 (DDN.MIL) SB
gr
gs 359 50 509 1449 CB
531 1452 109 (e-mail) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 869 1449 CB
891 1452 353 (service@nic.ddn.mil) SB
gr
gs 359 100 509 1499 CB
531 1502 160 (TELNET) SB
gr
gs 1199 100 869 1499 CB
891 1502 194 (nic.ddn.mil) SB
gr
gs 359 50 509 1599 CB
531 1602 277 (syntax example:) SB
gr
gs 650 50 869 1599 CB
891 1602 265 (whois Sampson) SB
gr
gs 359 100 509 1649 CB
531 1652 202 (online help:) SB
gr
gs 650 100 869 1649 CB
891 1652 466 (extensive help and tutorials) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 1749 CB
231 1752 60 (PSI) SB
gr
gs 359 50 509 1749 CB
531 1752 160 (TELNET) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 869 1749 CB
891 1752 457 (wp.psi.com   \(login = fred\)) SB
gr
gs 1199 100 869 1799 CB
891 1802 495 (or wp2.psi.com  \(login--fred\)) SB
gr
gs 359 50 509 1899 CB
531 1902 277 (syntax example:) SB
gr
gs 1274 50 869 1899 CB
891 1902 1029 (whois, but please read online help. This is a complex system) SB
gr
gs 359 100 509 1949 CB
531 1952 202 (online help:) SB
gr
gs 650 100 869 1949 CB
891 1952 334 (man fred or manual) SB
gr
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
231 2099 36 (K) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
267 2109 193 (NOWBOT ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
460 2099 14 (I) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
474 2109 281 (NFORMATION ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
755 2099 33 (S) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
788 2109 150 (ERVER ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
938 2099 117 (\(KIS\)) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2210 179 (Summary) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2314 1878 (Retrieves user-ids, e-mail addresses, postal addresses, telephone numbers, and institutional affiliation for users) SB
231 2364 402 (throughout the Internet.) SB
231 2464 1934 (In its current implementation, KIS is set up to search other white pages datasets \(thus KIS is referred to as a white) SB
231 2514 1534 (pages "meta-service"\).  The following white pages services are currently accessed by KIS:) SB
gs 599 50 359 2611 CB
381 2614 276 (mitwp@mit.edu) SB
gr
gs 899 50 959 2611 CB
981 2614 412 (profile@nri.reston.va.us) SB
gr
gs 599 50 359 2661 CB
381 2664 439 (mcimail@nri.reston.va.us) SB
gr
gs 899 50 959 2661 CB
981 2664 508 (profile@megaron.arizona.edu) SB
gr
gs 599 50 359 2711 CB
381 2714 333 (whois@nic.ddn.mil) SB
gr
gs 899 50 959 2711 CB
981 2714 489 (profile@gwen.cs.purdue.edu) SB
gr
gs 599 50 359 2761 CB
381 2764 104 (X.500) SB
gr
381 2814 1093 (finger \(@ any Unix host, e.g., finger@milton.u.washington.edu\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1458 2976 723 (Chapter 14: Internet Directory Services) SB
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231 76 1002 (NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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gs 299 100 1859 75 CB
2067 76 69 (164) SB
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231 287 1842 (This list includes most of the other services discussed in this chapter, and new services will be added as they) SB
231 337 1354 (become operational, so KIS is your best choice for "single stop" name searches.) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 437 302 (Access Methods) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 41 /ZapfDingbats font
231 546 38 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
381 549 132 (e-mail: ) SB
681 549 423 (kis@sol.bucknell.edu, or) SB
681 599 348 (kis@nri.reston.va.us) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 41 /ZapfDingbats font
231 654 38 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
381 657 172 (TELNET:) SB
681 657 391 (nri.reston.va.us 185, or) SB
681 707 809 (sol.bucknell.edu 185      \(no password required\)) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 807 323 (Local Installation) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 911 1818 (KIS can be installed locally and run on computers connected to the Internet using any version of Unix with) SB
231 961 1931 (Berkeley style sockets.  KIS currently has translation programs for whois \(nic.ddn.mil\), profile, mcimail, QUIPU,) SB
231 1011 1499 (and finger.  Any sites using these services can be added easily to a locally installed KIS.) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1111 1119 (Sample Knowbot Information Server Session \(via TELNET\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1215 1950 (Note that this entire session could have been performed with a single e-mail request as long as each user command) SB
231 1265 506 (was placed on a separate line.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 1 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 900 100 208 1362 CB
231 1365 731 (User Commands \(U>\), KIS responses \(K>\)) SB
gr
gs 899 100 1109 1362 CB
1131 1365 205 (Explanation) SB
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32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 900 50 208 1462 CB
231 1465 505 (U> telnet nri.reston.va.us 185) SB
gr
gs 899 50 1109 1462 CB
1131 1465 488 (\(make TELNET connection\)) SB
gr
gs 900 50 208 1512 CB
231 1515 201 (U> services) SB
gr
gs 899 50 1109 1512 CB
1131 1515 760 (\(show directory services available by default) SB
gr
gs 900 50 208 1562 CB
231 1565 117 (K> nic) SB
gr
gs 899 50 1109 1562 CB
1131 1565 265 (at this KIS site\)) SB
gr
gs 900 50 208 1612 CB
231 1615 205 (K> mcimail) SB
gr
gs 900 50 208 1662 CB
231 1665 131 (K> ripe) SB
gr
gs 900 50 208 1712 CB
231 1715 541 (K> x500 \(be sure to set the org\)) SB
gr
gs 900 50 208 1762 CB
231 1765 400 (K> finger@a.Unix host) SB
gr
gs 900 50 208 1812 CB
231 1815 440 (U> query Robin Sampson) SB
gr
gs 899 50 1109 1812 CB
1131 1815 475 (\(search for Robin Sampson\)) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 2062 CB
231 2065 178 (K> Name:) SB
gr
gs 599 50 659 2062 CB
681 2065 268 (Robin Sampson) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 2112 CB
231 2115 298 (K> Organization:) SB
gr
gs 599 50 659 2112 CB
681 2115 411 (Oregon State University) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 2162 CB
231 2165 214 (K> Address:) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 2212 CB
231 2215 150 (K> City:) SB
gr
gs 599 50 659 2212 CB
681 2215 155 (Corvallis) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 2262 CB
231 2265 162 (K> State:) SB
gr
gs 599 50 659 2262 CB
681 2265 58 (OR) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 2312 CB
231 2315 215 (K> Country:) SB
gr
gs 599 50 659 2312 CB
681 2315 53 (US) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 2362 CB
231 2365 136 (K> Zip:) SB
gr
gs 599 50 659 2362 CB
681 2365 203 (97331-3902) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 2412 CB
231 2415 182 (K> Phone:) SB
gr
gs 599 50 659 2412 CB
681 2415 236 (503/555-9999) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 2462 CB
231 2465 197 (K> E-Mail:) SB
gr
gs 599 50 659 2462 CB
681 2465 402 (rsampson@ucs.orst.edu) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 2512 CB
231 2515 194 (K> Source:) SB
gr
gs 599 50 659 2512 CB
681 2515 333 (whois@nic.ddn.mil) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 2562 CB
231 2565 164 (K> Ident:) SB
gr
gs 599 50 659 2562 CB
681 2565 144 (RSA999) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 2612 CB
231 2615 304 (K> Last Updated:) SB
gr
gs 599 50 659 2612 CB
681 2615 188 (02-Apr-91.) SB
gr
231 2715 1257 (K> No matches found for Robin Sampson from mcimail@nri.reston.va.us) SB
231 2765 1089 (K> No matches found for Robin Sampson from ripe@nic.eu.net) SB
231 2865 538 (U> service finger@ucs.orst.edu) SB
1131 2865 441 (\(use the finger program at) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1458 2976 723 (Chapter 14: Internet Directory Services) SB
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1131 287 312 (Robin's computer\)) SB
231 387 145 (U> print) SB
1131 387 440 (\(ask for display of current) SB
1131 437 364 (KIS search variables\)) SB
231 537 436 (K> name Robin Sampson) SB
231 587 471 (K> service finger@orst.edu) SB
231 637 302 (K> raw = FALSE) SB
231 737 451 (U > query Robin Sampson) SB
1131 737 413 (\(search for Robin again\)) SB
231 837 178 (K> Name:) SB
681 837 268 (Robin Sampson) SB
1131 837 404 (\(output from the finger\)) SB
231 887 197 (K> E-Mail:) SB
681 887 402 (rsampson@ucs.orst.edu) SB
1131 887 417 (\(daemon at ucs.orst.edu\)) SB
231 937 194 (K> Source:) SB
681 937 342 (finger@ucs.orst.edu) SB
231 987 304 (K> Last Updated:) SB
681 987 184 (\(unknown\)) SB
231 1087 131 (U> quit) SB
1131 1087 435 (\(type "quit" to leave KIS\)) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1187 619 (For More Information About KIS) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1291 220 (Online Help:) SB
681 1291 810 (help, ?, and help <command> \(e.g., help query\)) SB
231 1391 383 (Technical Documents:) SB
681 1391 174 (FTP Host:) SB
981 1391 260 (nri.reston.va.us) SB
681 1441 165 (directory:) SB
981 1441 119 (rdroms) SB
681 1491 85 (files:) SB
981 1491 124 (KIS.PS) SB
981 1541 123 (KIS.txt) SB
231 1641 353 (Overview Document) SB
681 1641 765 (NNSC Internet Resources Guide, Section 4.5) SB
231 1741 325 (Discussion Group: ) SB
681 1741 472 (kis-users@nri.reston.va.edu) SB
681 1841 492 (\(to subscribe, send e-mail to:) SB
681 1891 622 (kis-users-request@nri.reston.va.edu\)) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
231 2038 255 (USENET-A) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
486 2048 233 (DDRESSES ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
719 2038 33 (S) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
752 2048 150 (ERVER ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
902 2038 192 (\(U-ASK\)) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2149 179 (Summary) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2253 679 (Retrieves user-ids and e-mail addresses.) SB
231 2353 1942 (This service is based on a simple C program which searches \("greps"\) through a list of names, user-ids, and e-mail) SB
231 2403 1946 (addresses culled from USENET article headers.  As of September 1991, it is installed only at pit-manager.mit.edu.) SB
231 2453 934 (The addresses database is updated every month or two.) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2553 274 (on the up-side:) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 41 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2662 38 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2665 1699 (Searches through this database will often turn up many names not found in the standard white pages) SB
456 2715 818 (services \(as in the hypothetical example below\).) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1458 2976 723 (Chapter 14: Internet Directory Services) SB
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gs 1650 100 208 75 CB
231 76 1002 (NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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gs 299 100 1859 75 CB
2067 76 69 (166) SB
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32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 287 1052 (on the down side \(until other sites install such servers...\):) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 41 /ZapfDingbats font
381 396 38 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 399 1160 (Not all USENET groups are received at MIT \(e.g., regional groups\).) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 41 /ZapfDingbats font
381 454 38 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 457 1720 (Many USENET articles are posted with limited distribution, and will not be included in the database.) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 557 284 (Access Method) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 661 1179 (Send an e-mail message to the mailserver using the following syntax:) SB
381 761 121 (e-mail:) SB
681 761 577 (mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu) SB
381 811 132 (subject:) SB
681 811 241 (\(none needed\)) SB
381 861 155 (message:) SB
681 861 475 (send usenet-addresses/name) SB
231 961 216 (for example:) SB
381 1061 76 (mail) SB
681 1061 577 (mail-server@pit-manager.mit.edu) SB
381 1111 163 (mail text:) SB
681 1111 537 (send usenet-addresses/Sampson) SB
231 1211 1923 (In a few minutes, you should receive a mail file from the mail-server containing all user-ids and e-mail addresses) SB
231 1261 1623 (for anyone with the last name of "Sampson" who has posted USENET articles received at MIT:) SB
381 1361 33 (...) SB
381 1411 457 (robin@paradox.zeno.oz.au) SB
1131 1411 296 (\(Robin Sampson\)) SB
381 1461 402 (rsampson@ucs.orst.edu) SB
1131 1461 437 (\(Robin Patricia Sampson\)) SB
381 1511 350 (ras@uicvm.uiuc.edu) SB
1131 1511 443 (\(Robin Thomas Sampson\)) SB
381 1561 33 (...) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1661 323 (Local Installation) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1765 1935 (If you or your users anticipate needing to access this database frequently, you can FTP the database \(currently > 2) SB
231 1815 1354 (megabytes in size\) and use locally written search programs to search through it:) SB
381 1915 174 (FTP Host:) SB
681 1915 345 (pit-manager.mit.edu) SB
381 1965 165 (directory:) SB
681 1965 358 (pub/usenet-addresses) SB
381 2015 69 (file:) SB
681 2015 198 (addresses.Z) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2115 685 (For More Information About U-ASK) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2219 1706 (If you have problems with the present server at MIT, send mail to postmaster@pit-manager.mit.edu.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
231 2366 141 (PSI W) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
372 2376 102 (HITE ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
474 2366 33 (P) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
507 2376 125 (AGES ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
632 2366 33 (P) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
665 2376 101 (ILOT ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
766 2366 178 (X.500 P) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
944 2376 162 (ROJECT) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2477 179 (Summary) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2581 1895 (Retrieves names, user-ids, computer and postal addresses, primarily for administrators and staff of participating) SB
231 2631 199 (institutions.) SB
231 2731 1909 (PSI White Pages is a "pilot project" sponsored by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the) SB
231 2781 260 (U.S. Air Force.) SB
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231 287 1942 (X.500 is a strongly hierarchical storage system--entries are arranged in trees, with each entry having "parents" and) SB
231 337 1706 ("children."  Such a storage and recovery system is very effective for highly structured organizations.) SB
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231 437 302 (Access Methods) SB
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381 591 172 (TELNET:) SB
681 591 252 (wp.psi.com  or) SB
681 641 216 (wp2.psi.com) SB
381 691 99 (login:) SB
681 691 803 (fred \(fred means "FRont End to the Directory"\)) SB
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231 791 700 (Sample X.500 Session \(via TELNET\)) SB
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231 895 1923 (In the following session, commands which you enter are preceded by "U>" or "U>fred>", and responses from the) SB
231 945 1867 (X.500 directory service are preceded by "X>".  Please note that this database is frequently updated.  Thus, the) SB
231 995 1146 (information you obtain from a search will differ from this example.) SB
231 1095 366 (U> telnet wp.psi.com) SB
231 1145 373 (U> login name is fred) SB
231 1245 530 (U> fred> whois * -org NorthW) SB
231 1345 382 (X> NorthWest Net \(1\)) SB
681 1345 294 (+1 206-562-3000) SB
231 1395 322 (X> NorthWest Net) SB
231 1445 54 (X>) SB
381 1445 161 (Suite 202) SB
231 1495 54 (X>) SB
381 1495 316 (15400 SE 30th Plc) SB
231 1545 54 (X>) SB
381 1545 151 (Bellevue) SB
231 1595 54 (X>) SB
381 1595 70 (WA) SB
231 1645 54 (X>) SB
381 1645 105 (98007) SB
231 1695 54 (X>) SB
381 1695 1092 (A regional network supporting educational/commercial research) SB
231 1795 167 (X>Name:) SB
531 1795 392 (NorthWest Net, US \(1\)) SB
231 1895 706 (X>Modified: Wed Oct 16  13:27:42 1991) SB
231 1945 54 (X>) SB
381 1945 350 (by: Manager, US \(2\)) SB
231 2045 257 (X>14 children.) SB
231 2095 54 (X>) SB
231 2145 54 (X>) SB
381 2145 584 (5. Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs) SB
231 2195 54 (X>) SB
381 2195 478 (6. Montana State University) SB
231 2245 54 (X>) SB
381 2245 761 (7. ND-HECN-North Dakota State University) SB
231 2295 54 (X>) SB
381 2295 485 (8. Oregon Graduate Institute) SB
231 2345 54 (X>) SB
381 2345 454 (9. Oregon State University) SB
231 2395 54 (X>) SB
381 2395 492 (10. Portland State University) SB
231 2445 54 (X>) SB
381 2445 416 (11. University of Alaska) SB
231 2495 54 (X>) SB
381 2495 395 (12. University of Idaho) SB
231 2545 54 (X>) SB
381 2545 425 (13. University of Oregon) SB
231 2595 54 (X>) SB
381 2595 503 (14. University of Washington) SB
231 2645 54 (X>) SB
381 2645 553 (15. Washington State University) SB
231 2695 54 (X>) SB
381 2695 609 (16. Western Washington University) SB
231 2745 54 (X>) SB
381 2745 214 (17. Manager) SB
231 2795 54 (X>) SB
381 2795 249 (18. Postmaster) SB
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231 287 1774 (You can then query X.500 for more information about any one of the individual sites which it has listed.) SB
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231 387 1080 (For More Information About The PSI White Pages Project) SB
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231 491 1817 (There is a great deal of documentation about the PSI White Pages Pilot Project specifically, and X.500 and) SB
231 541 307 (QUIPU generally.) SB
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231 641 239 (Online Help:) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 745 810 (help, ?, and help <command> \(e.g., help query\)) SB
231 845 426 (Introductory Documents:) SB
231 945 1243 (You can send e-mail to wp-info@psi.com and to wp-more-info@psi.com) SB
231 1045 184 (report-1.ps) SB
531 1045 893 ("White Pages Pilot Project: Status Report, 12/31/89") SB
231 1095 184 (report-2.ps) SB
531 1095 1168 ("Realizing the White Pages using the OSI Directory Service, 5/2/90") SB
231 1145 184 (report-3.ps) SB
531 1145 872 ("White Pages Pilot Project: Status Report, 9/10/90") SB
231 1245 1872 (In addition, PSI's proprietary graphical interfaces to the White Pages are available in source form to interested) SB
231 1295 683 (parties by contacting ssd-info@psi.com.) SB
231 1395 1106 (A brochure on the White Pages is available by sending e-mail to:) SB
381 1495 387 (wp-brochure@psi.com) SB
231 1595 1084 (The following essay compares the merits of X.500 and Z.39.50:) SB
381 1695 1270 ("Towards Networked Information Retrieval," by Wengyik Yeong, PSI Inc.) SB
381 1795 174 (FTP Host:) SB
831 1795 186 (uu.psi.com) SB
381 1845 330 (Directory and files:) SB
831 1845 166 (wp/nir.txt) SB
1131 1845 137 (\(ASCII\)) SB
831 1895 207 (wp/ps/nir.ps) SB
1131 1895 201 (\(PostScript\)) SB
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231 1995 951 (Online Discussion Groups of X.500 Related Topics) SB
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381 2099 393 (USENET Newsgroups:) SB
381 2199 322 (comp.protocols.iso) SB
381 2249 537 (comp.protocols.iso.dev-environ) SB
381 2349 239 (Mailing Lists:) SB
381 2449 282 (iso@nic.ddn.mil) SB
381 2499 322 (isode@nic.ddn.mil) SB
231 2599 1114 (To subscribe to these mailing lists, send a subscription request to:) SB
531 2699 418 (iso-request@nic.ddn.mil) SB
381 2749 35 (or) SB
531 2799 448 (isode-request @nic.dd.mil) SB
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231 334 14 (I) SB
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245 344 200 (NTERNET ) SB
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445 334 36 (D) SB
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481 344 218 (IRECTORY ) SB
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699 334 33 (S) SB
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732 344 177 (ERVICES) SB
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909 334 78 (: W) SB
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987 344 123 (HERE ) SB
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1110 334 36 (D) SB
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1146 344 42 (O ) SB
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1188 334 47 (W) SB
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1235 344 38 (E ) SB
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1273 334 39 (G) SB
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1385 344 104 (ROM ) SB
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1489 334 36 (H) SB
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231 445 1944 (The evolution of the Internet, like most other forms of technology, is very responsive to the needs and activities of) SB
231 495 1942 (its users.  The demands which you and other Internet users place on the services described in this chapter will be a) SB
231 545 1316 (powerful incentive for the creation of high quality Internet directory services.) SB
231 645 1870 (It has taken years of development to attain the level of quality we expect from traditional information systems) SB
231 695 1919 (such as telephone directory services.  Internet directories are not yet as comprehensive, reliable, or easy to use as) SB
231 745 1914 (they could be, but with strong demand from the user community and rapid response from service providers, such) SB
231 795 927 (systems could be at hand before the end of the decade.) SB
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439 289 1533 (SECTION 5: EXPLORING NEW FRONTIERS) SB
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456 479 977 (Chapter 15 : Using the Global Internet in K-12 Education) SB
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1441 479 352 (................................) SB
1793 479 231 (.....................) SB
2031 479 63 (171) SB
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606 529 209 (Introduction) SB
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825 529 352 (................................) SB
1177 529 352 (................................) SB
1529 529 352 (................................) SB
1881 529 143 (.............) SB
2031 529 63 (172) SB
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606 579 857 (Why Use Computer Networks In K-12 Education?) SB
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1463 579 352 (................................) SB
1815 579 209 (...................) SB
2031 579 63 (172) SB
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606 629 815 (To What Networks Can K-12 Schools Connect?) SB
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1430 629 352 (................................) SB
1782 629 242 (......................) SB
2031 629 63 (176) SB
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606 679 679 (To What Network Should We Connect?) SB
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1287 679 352 (................................) SB
1639 679 352 (................................) SB
1991 679 33 (...) SB
2031 679 63 (181) SB
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606 729 979 (Are There Sources of Ffunding to Help Defray the Costs?) SB
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1595 729 352 (................................) SB
1947 729 77 (.......) SB
2031 729 63 (181) SB
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606 779 749 (Using Global Networks For K-12 Education) SB
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1364 779 352 (................................) SB
1716 779 308 (............................) SB
2031 779 63 (182) SB
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606 879 1243 (Table 1:  LISTSERV Discussion Groups Relevant to K-12 Educators and) SB
606 929 145 (Students) SB
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759 929 352 (................................) SB
1111 929 352 (................................) SB
1463 929 352 (................................) SB
1815 929 209 (...................) SB
2031 929 63 (191) SB
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606 979 1074 (Table 2:  Interest Groups of Potential Value to K-12 Audiences) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
1683 979 341 (...............................) SB
2031 979 63 (194) SB
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606 1029 1319 (Table 3:  Pointers to USENET Groups and Categories of Particular Interest to) SB
606 1079 266 (K-12 Educators) SB
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880 1079 352 (................................) SB
1232 1079 352 (................................) SB
1584 1079 352 (................................) SB
1936 1079 88 (........) SB
2031 1079 63 (195) SB
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606 1129 1128 (Table 4:  Electronic Journals Of Possible Value to K-12 Educators) SB
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1738 1129 286 (..........................) SB
2031 1129 63 (197) SB
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606 1229 1173 (ADDENDUM 1A:  Contacts For Regional Internet Service Providers) SB
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1782 1229 242 (......................) SB
2031 1229 63 (198) SB
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606 1279 1228 (ADDENDUM 1B:  Contacts For Commercial Internet Service Providers) SB
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1837 1279 187 (.................) SB
2031 1279 63 (201) SB
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606 1329 1064 (ADDENDUM 2:  Statewide Education Networks and Contacts) SB
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1672 1329 352 (................................) SB
2031 1329 63 (202) SB
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606 1379 1102 (ADDENDUM 3:  Cooperative Not-For-Profit Network Providers) SB
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1716 1379 308 (............................) SB
2031 1379 63 (213) SB
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932 1631 548 (K-12 Education) SB
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306 1871 1756 (Unlike the previous sections of NUSIRG which dealt with general purpose Internet tools and resources,) SB
306 1921 1725 (the chapter in this section is directed at special subsets of Internet users: K-12 educators and students.) SB
306 2021 1742 (The Internet activities described in this chapter represent rapidly evolving applications of networks for) SB
306 2071 1776 (education and research. K-12 educational users are propelling the use of the Internet to new and exciting) SB
306 2121 154 (frontiers.) SB
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1463 2976 643 (Section 5: Exploring New Frontiers) SB
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394 289 1623 (Chapter 15 : Using the Global Internet in K-12) SB
1024 381 364 (Education) SB
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456 568 636 ("Do you know what it is to be alive?") SB
531 618 509 ("It's when you can do things.") SB
456 668 276 ("Is a cat alive?") SB
531 718 105 ("Yes.") SB
456 768 179 ("A table?") SB
531 818 96 ("No.") SB
456 868 197 ("Why not?") SB
531 918 266 ("It can't move.") SB
456 968 345 ("Is a bicycle alive?") SB
531 1018 105 ("Yes.") SB
456 1068 132 ("Why?") SB
531 1118 180 (It can go.") SB
456 1168 696 ("Is a bicycle alive when it isn't moving?") SB
531 1218 123 (""Yes.") SB
456 1268 348 ("Is the moon alive?") SB
531 1318 812 ("Yes, sometimes it hides behind the mountains.") SB
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1131 1471 500 (From a conversation between) SB
1131 1521 624 (Jean Piaget and a seven year old boy) SB
1131 1571 663 ("The Child's Conception of the World") SB
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231 1829 1870 (In the past few years, there has been increasing growth in the use of statewide, national and even international) SB
231 1879 1925 (networks in K-12 education.  This chapter provides an introduction to some of the many Internet resources which) SB
231 1929 1870 (are of special interest to K-12 educators, as well as a brief overview of other providers who specialize in K-12) SB
231 1979 203 (networking.) SB
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381 2084 32 (o) SB
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456 2080 1578 (If you don't know anything about such networks, you'll be introduced to some of the exciting) SB
456 2130 765 (educational potentials of computer networks.) SB
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381 2185 32 (o) SB
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456 2181 1675 (If your school is contemplating becoming networked, you'll gain a greater understanding of who is) SB
456 2231 1611 (providing network services, what they offer, and who to contact for more detailed information.) SB
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381 2286 32 (o) SB
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456 2282 1638 (If you're already using computer networks, you'll be directed to a wealth of resources which will) SB
456 2332 1431 (allow you to enhance the educational value of networks in your school's curriculum.) SB
231 2432 1782 (Much existing network documentation is designed for users at universities and research institutions.  The) SB
231 2482 1910 (information that a K-12 audience needs is often buried in a tangle of technical references not directly relevant to) SB
231 2532 1803 (your purposes.  The goal of this report is to focus on network services that are of immediate value to K-12) SB
231 2582 176 (education.) SB
231 2682 1936 (This primer will prove most useful to schools which have or are contemplating gaining access to a global network) SB
231 2732 1945 (called "The Internet."  Nonetheless, many of the resources and references included will be useful for schools using) SB
231 2782 1882 (other wide area networks as well, especially if these networks allow direct or gatewayed communication to the) SB
231 2832 143 (Internet.) SB
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1148 2976 1033 (Chapter 15: Using the Global Internet in K-12 Education) SB
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231 287 1896 (You'll get the most from this primer if you use it as a K-12 specific supplement to the rest of the chapters of the) SB
231 337 1821 (NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide \(NUSIRG\).  We suggest that you use the body of the) SB
231 387 1888 (NUSIRG to provide information about how to access and to take full advantage of the major classes of Internet) SB
231 437 1816 (resources \(i.e., electronic library resources, electronic books, data bases, and remote computing resources\).) SB
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231 584 14 (I) SB
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245 594 295 (NTRODUCTION) SB
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231 695 1939 (Rapid growth is now occurring in computer networks throughout  the United States among primary and secondary) SB
231 745 1887 (schools.  Many proponents of K-12 education networking have as their goal the connection of a majority of the) SB
231 795 1310 (nation's schools to international computer networks by the end of the decade.) SB
231 895 1946 (The use of computer networks in primary and secondary education is so new that the typical school is faced with a) SB
231 945 1575 (large number of questions before, during, and after linking to a wide area computer network.) SB
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381 1050 32 (o) SB
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456 1046 1196 (Why would our school want to connect to a global computer network?) SB
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456 1097 771 (To what networks can K-12 schools connect?) SB
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531 1148 1257 (What kinds of educationally relevant services does each network support?) SB
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531 1199 1000 (To whom can we turn for user services and technical help?) SB
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531 1250 843 (What kind of hardware and software do we need?) SB
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456 1301 634 (To what network should we connect?) SB
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381 1356 32 (o) SB
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456 1352 908 (Are there sources of funding to help defray the costs?) SB
231 1452 742 (And finally, the most important question is:) SB
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381 1557 32 (o) SB
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456 1553 1673 (How can we make the best use of networks to advantage and enhance our educational curriculum?) SB
231 1653 1944 (Because K-12 networking in particular began in earnest only a few years ago and because the networking world in) SB
231 1703 1719 (general is evolving so rapidly,  definitive answers to the preceding  the questions simply do not exist.) SB
231 1803 1935 (In fact, there may never be definitive answers for many of these questions;  and that may be a good thing!  Unlike) SB
231 1853 1853 (many national, federally sponsored networks which have centralized authority and administration, each K-12) SB
231 1903 1833 (school district serves a distinct and unique constituency.  This diversity and plurality will be reflected in the) SB
231 1953 1913 (strategies adopted by each K-12 school district, from the technical to the pedagogical.  No single solution can be) SB
231 2003 317 (right for everyone.) SB
231 2103 1912 (However, sources of information do exist which will help you make informed decisions about how networks can) SB
231 2153 1911 (be used to further the educational goals of your school.  The rest of this primer will help you to locate and to use) SB
231 2203 1057 (the information you need to answer these important questions.) SB
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231 2350 47 (W) SB
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278 2360 67 (HY ) SB
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345 2350 36 (U) SB
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381 2360 65 (SE ) SB
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482 2360 211 (OMPUTER ) SB
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693 2350 36 (N) SB
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729 2360 216 (ETWORKS ) SB
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945 2350 14 (I) SB
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959 2360 40 (N ) SB
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999 2350 156 (K-12 E) SB
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1155 2360 211 (DUCATION) SB
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1366 2350 31 (?) SB
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231 2461 1213 (Computer networks offer tremendous opportunities for K-12 education.) SB
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231 2608 973 (Educational Opportunities For The Students.) SB
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231 2722 1787 (For decades, visionaries have been talking about how telecommunications could lead to "a world without) SB
231 2772 1891 (borders," a kind of "global village" in which it is as easy to communicate with someone on the other side of the) SB
231 2822 723 (world as it is to visit a next-door neighbor.) SB
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231 287 1802 (Computer networks can help to  make the "global village" a reality for you and your students.  With a few) SB
231 337 1019 (keystrokes from the classroom computer, your students can:) SB
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381 442 32 (o) SB
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456 438 1314 (engage in global dialogue with students and instructors using electronic mail;) SB
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381 493 32 (o) SB
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456 489 1504 (practice written foreign language skills with native speakers in online discussion groups;) SB
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381 544 32 (o) SB
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456 540 1706 (participate in, or even initiate meaningful projects which are based on collaboration and cooperation) SB
456 590 789 (of thousands of students throughout the world;) SB
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381 645 32 (o) SB
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456 641 1701 (obtain supplemental instructions from online tutorials or enrollment in distance education courses at) SB
456 691 694 (American or even foreign institutions; or) SB
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381 746 32 (o) SB
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456 742 1671 (gain "information literacy," a basic understanding of how to navigate in and take full advantage of) SB
456 792 956 (the networked world into which they will be graduating.) SB
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231 939 980 (Information and Hardware Resource Sharing) SB
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231 1053 1917 (When a school is connected to a full-service, worldwide network like the Internet, it immediately gains access to) SB
231 1103 1920 (hundreds of millions of dollars of resources for a very small investment in hardware and software.  Networks can) SB
231 1153 1911 (be "The Great Democratizer" of educational resources.  Even the smallest and most isolated rural school can use) SB
231 1203 1304 (the same service enjoyed by the largest and best endowed urban universities.) SB
231 1303 1929 (Examples of what students from a networked school can do from their desks include, but are by no means limited) SB
231 1353 45 (to:) SB
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381 1458 32 (o) SB
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456 1454 1006 (accessing hundreds of catalogs of the world's best libraries;) SB
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381 1509 32 (o) SB
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456 1505 1701 (instantaneously copying educationally rewarding software and documents from file archives such as) SB
456 1555 417 (Bulletin Board Services;) SB
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381 1610 32 (o) SB
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456 1606 1648 (exploring and manipulating complex databases of real research data containing information from) SB
456 1656 1508 (agricultural markets, global climate simulations, or even space missions to other planets;) SB
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381 1711 32 (o) SB
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456 1707 1571 (enrolling in supercomputer training programs which give students access to the world's most) SB
456 1757 350 (powerful computers.) SB
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231 1904 998 (In Service Education and Teacher Enrichment) SB
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231 2018 1897 (The teachers in primary and secondary schools sometimes feel isolated from the peers, professors, and facilities) SB
231 2068 1942 (they had learned to depend on throughout their training in colleges and universities.  By using computer networks,) SB
231 2118 341 (K-12 educators can:) SB
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381 2223 32 (o) SB
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456 2219 1551 (continue their professional contacts formed during their college or university education can) SB
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381 2274 32 (o) SB
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456 2270 1490 (increase the number and diversity of and educational resources they use while teaching,) SB
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381 2325 32 (o) SB
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456 2321 1655 (participate in continued education by enrollment in universities and colleges which offer distance) SB
456 2371 575 (education programs via networks;) SB
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381 2426 32 (o) SB
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456 2422 1255 (and, of course, utilize all of the resources listed in the two sections above.) SB
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231 2569 343 (A Quick Caveat) SB
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231 2683 1740 (Appropriately deployed and utilized, computers and computer networks can contribute significantly to) SB
231 2733 1844 (improvements in America's educational system.  With all the ballyhoo surrounding computers in the modern) SB
231 2783 1868 (world, it's crucial to remember that although computer networks do have tremendous educational value, taken) SB
231 2833 1167 (alone they will not be the panacea for America's educational system.) SB
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231 287 1905 (The quality of life in our world is more dependent upon the development of day-to-day, interpersonal skills, and) SB
231 337 1844 (on nurturing basic skills such as "reading, writing, and arithmetic".  Computers and computer networks are a) SB
231 387 1923 (blessing only insofar as they further this basic learning process.  The most important assets of schools are skilled,) SB
231 437 1931 (dedicated teachers, and parents who have a supportive enthusiasm for their children's education.  Computers are--) SB
231 487 1750 (and should always be--a tool, a supplement, not a replacement, for the human resources of our schools.) SB
231 587 1893 (Happily, most applications of computer networks in education have taken these considerations into account.  In) SB
231 637 1877 (summary, if used intelligently and with a sensitivity to the student or teacher as a person, networks can deliver) SB
231 687 1596 (such educational benefits that every K-12 school should consider joining a computer network.) SB
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231 334 913 (A Sampler of Projects in K-12 Networking) SB
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231 448 1922 (Here we describe a few of the many current K-12 projects using computer networks.  These projects are included) SB
231 498 1870 (to give you an idea of the scope and breadth of network activities available to you and your students.  You are) SB
231 548 1886 (likely to find that the people involved in these projects will enthusiastically share their expertise and resources,) SB
231 598 1016 (particularly if you are interested in initiating similar efforts.) SB
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231 698 752 (Disabled Data Link Group and Chatback) SB
983 698 13 (:) SB
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231 802 1865 (DDLG and the Chatback Project for Children currently involves 60 schools supporting the use of networks by) SB
231 852 1080 (disabled students, in an effort to assist those with special needs.) SB
381 952 184 (Cliff Jones) SB
381 1052 132 (e-mail: ) SB
531 1052 338 ( 2:245/71 \(FidoNet\)) SB
531 1102 805 (Cliff.Jones@f71.n254.z2.fidonet.org \(Internet\).) SB
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231 1202 272 (EARTH KIDS) SB
503 1202 13 (:) SB
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231 1306 1937 (A non-profit international kids organization to promote communication about and for hands-on, community based) SB
231 1356 1177 (ecological projects around the world.  For more information, contact:) SB
381 1456 302 (Marshall Gilmore) SB
381 1506 274 (\(503\) 363-1896.) SB
381 1606 143 (e-mail:  ) SB
531 1606 348 (1:105/606 \(FidoNet\)) SB
531 1656 945 (Marshall.Gilmore@f606.n105.z1.fidonet.org \(Internet\);) SB
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231 1756 229 (NEWSDAY) SB
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231 1860 1911 (A multi-curricular project in which students in each participating school produce a local newspaper based on the) SB
231 1910 1851 (news dispatches submitted on the NEWSDAY news wire by student correspondents.   Students become news) SB
231 1960 1822 (gatherers and reporters, editors, layout and graphics artists, and publishers.   Participation on a national and) SB
231 2010 1816 (international scale leads to understanding of broad issues which transcend local concerns.  This project can) SB
231 2060 996 (involve your students in weeks of cross-curricular activity.) SB
381 2160 172 (Al Rogers) SB
381 2210 367 (FrEdMail Foundation) SB
381 2260 539 (PO Box 243, Bonita, CA 91908) SB
381 2310 263 (\(619\) 475-4852) SB
381 2410 132 (e-mail: ) SB
531 2410 787 ( SDCOE!BONITA!AROGERS      \(FrEdMail\)) SB
531 2460 568 (arogers@fred.org          \(Internet\)) SB
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231 2560 276 (Project Zero-G) SB
507 2560 13 (:) SB
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231 2664 1919 (Students, teachers, and adult experts from outside schools will examine aspects of our everyday life and consider) SB
231 2714 1925 (how they would have to be redesigned to function in the zero-gravity environments of orbiting space stations like) SB
231 2764 1832 (SkyLab and the Soviet Solyut.  This can include the design of everyday objects \(silverware, shelves, rooms,) SB
231 2814 1851 (buildings\), and the design of everyday activities \(education, sports, transportation vehicles\), including the re-) SB
231 2864 1879 (design of social interactions.  This project can provide an extended global network experience for students and) SB
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231 287 1920 (teachers in many curricular areas:  science, social studies, writing, problem solving, mathematics, art and design.) SB
231 337 1906 (The final designs will be submitted to NASA as a technical report, and will assist NASA engineers in the design) SB
231 387 597 (of the new American space station.) SB
381 487 171 (Jim Levin) SB
381 537 132 (e-mail: ) SB
531 537 522 ( jim-levin@uiuc.edu \(Internet\)) SB
531 587 582 (UIUCED2!JLEVIN     \(FrEdMail\)) SB
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231 734 31 (T) SB
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351 744 93 (HAT ) SB
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444 734 36 (N) SB
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480 744 216 (ETWORKS ) SB
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696 734 36 (C) SB
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732 744 69 (AN ) SB
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801 734 156 (K-12 S) SB
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957 744 182 (CHOOLS ) SB
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1175 744 169 (ONNECT) SB
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1344 734 31 (?) SB
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231 845 1894 (This section tells you to how to get information on the major players in K-12 networking and what they have to) SB
231 895 1908 (offer.  Even if your school is already connected to a network, you should read this section to find out if there are) SB
231 945 1516 (additional networking options which can either supplement or replace your current setup.) SB
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231 1092 205 (Overview) SB
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231 1206 1305 (Like universities, K-12 schools have many choices for network connectivity:) SB
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456 1307 1574 (Internet networks, like the National Science Foundation \(NSF\)-sponsored regional networks.) SB
231 1407 1942 (The next four network options include some networks which are actually part of the Internet, and others which are) SB
231 1457 66 (not:) SB
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381 1562 32 (o) SB
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456 1558 332 (Statewide networks) SB
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381 1613 32 (o) SB
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456 1609 554 (Non-profit cooperative networks) SB
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381 1664 32 (o) SB
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456 1660 375 (Commercial networks) SB
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381 1715 32 (o) SB
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456 1711 407 ("Public Data Networks") SB
231 1811 1835 (Each networking option has unique strengths and weaknesses.  To help you make an informed decision, this) SB
231 1861 1922 (section summarizes what services each of these categories of network providers typically can offer K-12 schools.) SB
231 1911 1892 (Contact names, addresses, and phone numbers for many network providers are listed at the end of this report so) SB
231 1961 1698 (you can communicate with representatives of those networks in which you are especially interested.) SB
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231 2108 600 (Overview of "The Internet") SB
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231 2222 1892 (The Internet is a global network of networks.  As of September 1991 it connected an estimated 5,000 networks,) SB
231 2272 1791 (350,000 host computers, and 3,500,000 people.  These already enormous numbers are continuing to grow) SB
231 2322 431 (exponentially every year.) SB
231 2422 1930 (All Internet networks, everywhere in the world, use the same "standards" for communicating, called "The TCP/IP) SB
231 2472 1880 (Internet Protocols."  All that you need about TCP/IP right now is that it makes an enormous variety of services) SB
231 2522 1933 (available to the user, and that you can communicate to every computer on the Internet in the same way, no matter) SB
231 2572 1933 (what or where it is.  Within the United States, there are a number of regional and national networks which use the) SB
231 2622 1747 (Internet standards.  Detailed information about Internet networks is provided in Chapter 2 of NUSIRG.) SB
231 2722 1676 (Of particular interest to K-12 educators is "The National Science Foundation Network" \(NSFNET\)) SB
1907 2722 245 (, a high speed,) SB
231 2772 1917 (state-of-the-art network which was created specifically to support the use of computer networks in education and) SB
231 2822 152 (research.) SB
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231 287 1877 (By time you read this, NSFNET and similar national Internet networks may have been renamed "The National) SB
231 337 738 (Research and Education Network" \(NREN\)) SB
969 337 1183 (.  In November of 1991, President Bush signed the High-Performance) SB
231 387 1940 (Computing Act which authorized the creation of a permanent NREN.  The bill allocated $2.9 billion over the next) SB
231 437 1918 (five years to enhance the United States' high-performance computing and communications infrastructure.  Please) SB
231 487 1944 (see the section "For More Information" on how to keep abreast of NREN developments and funding opportunities.) SB
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231 634 595 (Regional Internet Networks) SB
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231 748 1884 (The national NSFNET itself is a framework, or "backbone" network, currently linking NSF-sponsored regional) SB
231 798 1932 (networks distributed throughout the nation.  From these NSFNET backbone sites, each regional network branches) SB
231 848 1082 (off to serve many sites throughout a specific geographic region.) SB
231 948 1893 (Some regional networks service a geographically small but densely computerized portion of a single state \(e.g.,) SB
231 998 175 (BARRNet) SB
406 998 1643 ( for the San Francisco and Silicon Valley area\), while others help bring large, sparsely populated) SB
231 1048 1027 (regions together into the network world \(e.g., NorthWestNet) SB
1258 1048 920 (, which serves the United States from Alaska, south to) SB
231 1098 597 (Oregon, and east to North Dakota\).) SB
231 1198 1934 (Many K-12 schools are already enjoying the benefits of direct connection to the Internet through regional Internet) SB
231 1248 165 (networks.) SB
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231 1395 615 (K-12 Users and The Internet) SB
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231 1509 1453 (Here is what regional Internet networks have to offer everyone, including K-12 users.) SB
231 1609 482 (Resources And Capabilities:) SB
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381 1714 32 (o) SB
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456 1710 372 (global electronic mail) SB
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381 1765 32 (o) SB
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456 1761 417 (global discussion groups) SB
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456 1812 782 (large archives of free software and documents) SB
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381 1969 32 (o) SB
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456 1965 1493 (computer "white pages" and "yellow pages" to find people and resources on the Internet) SB
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381 2020 32 (o) SB
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456 2016 786 (ability to login to remote computers to access:) SB
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456 2071 32 (o) SB
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531 2067 653 (hundreds of electronic library catalogs) SB
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456 2122 32 (o) SB
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531 2118 899 (a wide variety of databases for teaching and research) SB
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456 2173 32 (o) SB
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531 2169 1354 (supercomputers for high speed calculations, state-of-the-art graphics, and other ) SB
2031 2169 75 (high) SB
456 2219 404 (technology applications) SB
231 2319 1904 (In summary, most kinds of resources that are available on computer networks are available through the Internet.) SB
231 2369 1324 (In terms of comprehensive networking capabilities, the Internet has no match.) SB
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231 2516 660 (Internet Support and Training) SB
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381 2635 32 (o) SB
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456 2631 1491 (Almost all regional Internet networks have central Network Operations Centers \(NOCs\)) SB
1947 2631 168 ( to handle) SB
456 2681 1712 (most of the day-to-day maintenance of the network as a whole.  Each NOC site within a regional has) SB
456 2731 1038 (staff who are devoted to technical maintenance of local sites.) SB
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381 2786 32 (o) SB
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456 2782 1398 (Most regionals have, or are planning, central Network Information Centers \(NICs\)) SB
1854 2782 254 ( which provide) SB
456 2832 1500 (basic documents and other user services support for network users. A few regionals, like) SB
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1148 2976 1033 (Chapter 15: Using the Global Internet in K-12 Education) SB
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456 287 246 (NorthWestNet) SB
702 287 1475 (, have a well-established track record in providing annual meetings, training programs,) SB
456 337 683 (and user guides for member institutions.) SB
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231 484 944 (K-12 Specific Internet Support and Services) SB
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231 598 1787 (The Internet offers a rapidly growing variety of resources specifically designed for use in K-12 education) SB
231 648 172 (including:) SB
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381 753 32 (o) SB
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456 749 1151 (databases developed especially for K-12 education \(e.g., Spacelink\)) SB
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381 804 32 (o) SB
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456 800 612 (documentation for K-12 networking) SB
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381 855 32 (o) SB
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456 851 1634 (summer programs at NSF-sponsored supercomputer sites for students and teachers \(e.g., Cornell) SB
456 901 1705 (National Supercomputer Facility, National Center for Supercomputer Applications, National Energy) SB
456 951 1222 (Research Supercomputer Center, and Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center\)) SB
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381 1006 32 (o) SB
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456 1002 1667 (nationwide Internet directory services specifically for K-12 educators should be available by early) SB
456 1052 677 (1992 through Michigan's Merit network) SB
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231 1199 499 (For More Information:) SB
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231 1313 1790 (Addendum 1A lists the names and contact information for the NSF-sponsored regional Internet networks.) SB
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231 1413 282 (State Networks) SB
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231 1517 1782 (Another promising source of network connectivity for K-12 schools are statewide networks.  A survey of) SB
231 1567 1906 (statewide networks released in April, 1991, reported that most all of the 50 states either had established, or were) SB
231 1617 1802 (about to initiate, state networks which would include K-12 connectivity as a central goal \(Kurshan, 1991\).) SB
231 1717 414 (Resources and Abilities:) SB
231 1817 1943 (Every state network is different.  The technical sophistication of statewide networks varies tremendously, between) SB
231 1867 1904 (and within states; in some states, connections from K-12 schools are made through dial-up modems, while other) SB
231 1917 1907 (states use more modern technologies such as high speed \(T1\) backbones, fiber optics, point-to-point microwave,) SB
231 1967 1370 (and satellite links.  Some statewide networks feature direct K-12 Internet access.) SB
231 2067 1829 (Most statewide networks offer electronic mail; though in some cases, this is still restricted to administrative) SB
231 2117 160 (purposes.) SB
231 2217 1493 (Other general network services offered by some, but not all statewide networks include:) SB
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381 2322 32 (o) SB
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456 2318 638 (online dictionaries and encyclopedias) SB
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381 2373 32 (o) SB
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456 2369 300 (discussion groups) SB
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381 2424 32 (o) SB
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456 2420 263 (library catalogs) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2475 32 (o) SB
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456 2471 946 (bulletin board services for announcements and software) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2526 32 (o) SB
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456 2522 720 (access to the Internet and Internet services) SB
231 2622 1060 (K-12 Specific Support and Services From Statewide Networks) SB
231 2722 1890 (Since many state networks have been \(or are being\) developed at least in part, to support K-12 education, some) SB
231 2772 1086 (offer services of special interest to K-12 students and educators.) SB
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381 2877 32 (o) SB
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456 2873 1055 (distance education programs through universities and colleges) SB
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1148 2976 1033 (Chapter 15: Using the Global Internet in K-12 Education) SB
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381 292 32 (o) SB
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456 288 712 (professional employment referral services) SB
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381 343 32 (o) SB
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456 339 819 (network distribution instructional video services) SB
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381 394 32 (o) SB
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456 390 810 (systems to teach educators how to use networks) SB
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381 445 32 (o) SB
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456 441 369 (educational databases) SB
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381 496 32 (o) SB
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456 492 322 (online "test-banks") SB
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381 547 32 (o) SB
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456 543 1595 (a number of state networks are working on "menu driven" Internet access utilities to make the) SB
456 593 1252 (Internet easier for K-12 use \(e.g.,California, Texas, Florida, and Virginia\)) SB
231 693 1938 (If you are in a position to make or influence decisions about the design and implementation of your state network,) SB
231 743 1852 (you can get a wealth of useful information by comparing notes with peers working with other state networks.) SB
231 793 1885 (Comprehensive overviews of state networks can be found in McAnge et al. \(1990\), and Kurshan \(1990b, 1991\)) SB
231 893 1925 (For your convenience, addendum 2 lists the names and contacts for all statewide networks discussed in Kurshan's) SB
231 943 207 (1991 report.) SB
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231 1043 694 (Not-For-Profit Cooperative Networks) SB
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231 1147 1773 (There are many national and even international not-for-profit, cooperative computer networks which are) SB
231 1197 978 (particularly appropriate for K-12 educational networking.) SB
231 1297 1887 (Many not-for-profit cooperative networks offer a low cost and effective basic network option for K-12 schools.) SB
231 1347 1868 (These networks are particularly valuable for K-12 sites which cannot, or choose not to, connect directly to the) SB
231 1397 1876 (Internet, or whose state networks are still embryonic.  But even schools which currently employ other network) SB
231 1447 897 (options can gain a great deal by using these services.) SB
231 1547 1948 (An especially promising and widespread non-profit network for K-12 education is K12Net, which is an offshoot of) SB
231 1597 1940 (a more general purpose network called FidoNet.  A brief description of FidoNet and K12Net will give you an idea) SB
231 1647 1887 (of how some of these networks work, and a general idea of the kinds of services typically offered by non-profit) SB
231 1697 334 (networks generally.) SB
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231 1797 151 (FidoNet) SB
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231 1901 1863 (FidoNet is an international network with 10,000 electronic "Bulletin Board Systems" \(BBS's\) in more than 50) SB
231 1951 1816 (countries.  It is a "grassroots," decentralized, non-profit network operated entirely through volunteer effort.) SB
231 2051 1892 (A BBS can be run with minimal hardware and software requirements.  All you need is a telephone, a modem, a) SB
231 2101 1801 (personal computer, a hard-disk, and free FidoNet software.  A good file backup system is of course a wise) SB
231 2151 327 (investment as well.) SB
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231 2251 145 (K12Net) SB
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231 2355 1893 (K12Net is a spin-off of FidoNet designed specifically for K-12 students and teachers.  The goal of K12Net is to) SB
231 2405 1899 (create a demand for networking services within the K-12 education community by making it as easy as possible) SB
231 2455 1902 (for K-12 schools to start networking.  If you have access to a telephone, a modem, and a computer, you can dial) SB
231 2505 1839 (up a FidoNet or K12Net BBS, and start exploring the world of K-12 networking immediately.  K12Net is an) SB
231 2555 1724 (accessible, hands-on network-based technology simple enough for students to learn and even operate.) SB
231 2655 639 (K12Net offers the following services:) SB
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381 2760 32 (o) SB
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456 2756 1267 (global electronic mail, which can be sent to and received from the Internet) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2811 32 (o) SB
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456 2807 547 (K-12 oriented discussion groups) SB
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1148 2976 1033 (Chapter 15: Using the Global Internet in K-12 Education) SB
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381 292 32 (o) SB
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456 288 1578 (an extraordinarily rich archive of K-12 oriented educational software \(currently for MS-DOS) SB
456 338 1504 (computers only\), documents, and other information available at 19 major K12Net BBSs.) SB
231 438 1899 (With 10,000 FidoNet sites around the world, chances are good that K12Net can be reached from your school by) SB
231 488 587 (either free or low cost phone calls.) SB
231 588 1803 (Contact information for a number of the more widespread, K-12 oriented cooperative networks is given in) SB
231 638 1886 (addendum 3, including information for the main regional K12Net system operators, and the phone numbers for) SB
231 688 660 (calls to their modem-accessible BBS's.) SB
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231 788 844 (National Public Telecommuncations Network) SB
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231 892 1947 (The National Public Telecomputing Network \(NPTN\) is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to establishing and) SB
231 942 1880 (developing free, computerized information and communication services for the general public.  NPTN has just) SB
231 992 1930 (been started.  As of September, 1991 there were four sites in the Midwest, but by time you read this guide, NPTN) SB
231 1042 862 (may be an international network services provider.) SB
231 1142 1874 (Current services are based on Bulletin Board Services which provide a variety of information of interest to the) SB
231 1192 253 (general public.) SB
231 1292 934 (Contact information on NPTN is given in addendum 3.) SB
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231 1392 417 (Commercial Networks) SB
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231 1496 1885 (There are many commercial networks, some of which have targeted their services very specifically at the K-12) SB
231 1546 773 (market.  Most all commercial networks offer:) SB
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381 1651 32 (o) SB
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456 1647 255 (electronic mail) SB
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381 1702 32 (o) SB
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456 1698 365 (conferencing systems) SB
231 1798 1710 (Commercial networks often provide many other services of interest to K-12 educators such as online) SB
231 1848 1832 (encyclopedias.  Some commercial networks use Internet protocols, and thus allow full access to the Internet) SB
231 1898 440 (services described earlier.) SB
231 1998 1846 (See Kurshan \(1990a\) and Quarterman \(1990\) for overviews and contact information for commercial network) SB
231 2048 1929 (providers generally.  Addendum 1B gives contact information for several commercial Internet network providers.) SB
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231 2148 406 (Public Data Networks) SB
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231 2252 1838 ("Public data networks" tend to be relatively specialized databases which are often accessed by modem calls.) SB
231 2352 1677 (McAnge et al. \(1990\) and Quarterman \(1990\) provide an introduction to a variety of such services.) SB
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231 2499 31 (T) SB
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262 2509 42 (O ) SB
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304 2499 47 (W) SB
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351 2509 93 (HAT ) SB
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444 2499 36 (N) SB
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480 2509 189 (ETWORK ) SB
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669 2499 33 (S) SB
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702 2509 153 (HOULD ) SB
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855 2499 47 (W) SB
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902 2509 38 (E ) SB
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940 2499 36 (C) SB
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976 2509 169 (ONNECT) SB
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1145 2499 31 (?) SB
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231 2610 1878 (As the previous discussion demonstrates, K-12 schools can obtain network connectivity from a wide variety of) SB
231 2660 1092 (providers.  How does one choose which network service is best?) SB
231 2760 1845 (If your school hasn't yet been connected to an external network, you might think that the most basic network) SB
231 2810 1948 (services, such as electronic mail, would be adequate.  But judging from the experience of universities and research) SB
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1148 2976 1033 (Chapter 15: Using the Global Internet in K-12 Education) SB
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231 287 1915 (institutions, it is likely that once you've made a connection to a global network, the use of computer networks by) SB
231 337 927 (students and teachers at your school will grow rapidly.) SB
231 437 1898 (If you want to be ready for this growth, you should choose a service which offers flexibility for accommodating) SB
231 487 1827 (this growth.  If at all possible, you should you choose a service which allows you full access to the Internet.) SB
231 587 1892 (Here are some of the many considerations which have to be taken into account to determine what option is best) SB
231 637 308 (for your purposes.) SB
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381 742 32 (o) SB
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456 738 1310 (How much computer experience do your teachers and students already have?) SB
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381 793 32 (o) SB
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456 789 1102 (What sort of computer equipment does you school already have?) SB
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381 844 32 (o) SB
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456 840 1719 (What are the costs of obtaining the hardware required for connectivity and the commercial provider's) SB
456 890 211 (annual fees?) SB
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381 945 32 (o) SB
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456 941 1536 (Do you need full service connectivity immediately, or would access to electronic mail and) SB
456 991 1469 (conferencing be sufficient to get your staff and students comfortable with networking?) SB
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381 1046 32 (o) SB
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456 1042 1262 (Are there any legislative restrictions which make certain options difficult?) SB
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381 1097 32 (o) SB
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456 1093 1617 (How well will a particular option scale as more demands are placed on it by newly enthusiastic) SB
456 1143 379 (students and teachers?) SB
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231 1290 36 (A) SB
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267 1300 67 (RE ) SB
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365 1300 123 (HERE ) SB
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488 1290 33 (S) SB
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521 1300 249 (OURCES OF ) SB
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770 1290 31 (F) SB
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801 1300 259 (FUNDING TO ) SB
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1060 1290 36 (H) SB
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1495 1300 109 (OSTS) SB
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1604 1290 31 (?) SB
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231 1401 1942 (Full or partial funding for K-12 networking, ranging from the construction of statewide networks as a whole to the) SB
231 1451 1572 (purchase of equipment for individual K-12 schools has come from a wide variety of sources.) SB
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381 1556 32 (o) SB
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456 1552 848 (state departments of education, energy, or science) SB
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381 1607 32 (o) SB
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456 1603 919 (federal agencies \(DOE, NSF, and USDE in particular\)) SB
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381 1658 32 (o) SB
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456 1654 513 (private and public universities) SB
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381 1709 32 (o) SB
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456 1705 1314 (national and regional telecommunications companies \(GTE, SNET, USWest\)) SB
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381 1760 32 (o) SB
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456 1756 595 (computer companies \(Apple, IBM\)) SB
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381 1811 32 (o) SB
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456 1807 932 (contributions from various foundations and individuals) SB
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381 1862 32 (o) SB
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456 1858 671 (K-12 school and school district budgets) SB
231 1958 1907 (Financial support for K-12 networking should be justifiable to any of the sources to which you normally turn for) SB
231 2008 648 (any other educational project funding.) SB
231 2108 1846 (A new and particularly notable source of funding specifically directed at K-12 networking is The Annenberg) SB
231 2158 972 (Foundation / Corporation for Public Broadcasting project) SB
1203 2158 900 (.  Under this project up to $5 million per year will be) SB
231 2208 1863 (provided for educational applications of telecommunications for a period of 12 years.  As of September 1991,) SB
231 2258 1770 (there were plans to begin accepting grant proposals for K-12 networking starting in late 1991.  For more) SB
231 2308 357 (information, contact:) SB
381 2408 360 (Michael Strait, Ph.D.) SB
381 2458 746 (Project Officer for Research and Evaluation) SB
381 2508 617 (Corporation for Public Broadcasting) SB
381 2558 302 (901 E. Street NW) SB
381 2608 487 (Washington DC 20004-2006) SB
381 2658 340 (tel:  \(202\) 879-9646) SB
381 2708 519 (e-mail:  strait@umuc.umd.edu) SB
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1148 2976 1033 (Chapter 15: Using the Global Internet in K-12 Education) SB
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231 76 1002 (NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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231 334 36 (U) SB
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376 334 39 (G) SB
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415 344 148 (LOBAL ) SB
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563 334 36 (N) SB
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599 344 216 (ETWORKS ) SB
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846 344 71 (OR ) SB
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917 334 156 (K-12 E) SB
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1073 344 211 (DUCATION) SB
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231 445 1905 (This section of the document will give brief, K-12 oriented overviews of each of the major kinds of applications) SB
231 495 824 (you'll encounter when using computer networks.) SB
231 595 1944 (Because the Internet provides the greatest variety of resources \(and because it would not be possible to explain the) SB
231 645 1927 (use of these resources on every kind of computer network in this brief document\), all examples provided here use) SB
231 695 1945 (the Internet.  Nonetheless, the general principles which are illustrated here should be useful even if you are not yet) SB
231 745 308 (using the Internet.) SB
231 845 1066 (Most of the entries in this section have the following structure:) SB
381 945 660 (a.  A quick description of the resource.) SB
381 1045 1023 (b.  A real, K-12 oriented example of an Internet application.) SB
381 1145 1377 (c.  pointers to K-12 specific information about using the resource on the Internet.) SB
231 1245 1914 (Certain services which require actual connection to computers \(like electronic library catalogs\) can only be done) SB
231 1295 1812 (through the Internet or very occasionally by using a modem for dial-in access.  Much more comprehensive) SB
231 1345 1868 (treatment of each of these resources can be found in the resource specific chapters of the NorthWestNet Users) SB
231 1395 563 (Service Internet Resource Guide.) SB
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231 1542 584 (Electronic Mail \(or E-mail\)) SB
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231 1656 461 (What is Electronic Mail?) SB
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231 1760 1769 (Electronic mail \(usually referred to as "e-mail"\) is the most basic service offered by computer networks.) SB
231 1860 1947 (E-mail is very similar to regular postal mail, except that it is sent electronically through a computer network and it) SB
231 1910 1937 (arrives much faster. With e-mail, you can send messages to anyone on a network, just like you can send a letter to) SB
231 1960 562 (anyone who has a postal address.) SB
231 2060 1928 (The most exciting uses of e-mail in K-12 education are for communication and collaboration between and among) SB
231 2110 674 (students and teachers at distant schools.) SB
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231 2210 1159 (A Specific K-12 Application of Electronic Mail on the Internet) SB
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231 2314 1947 (E-mail can be used to send messages to computers on the network which will automatically send back information) SB
231 2364 1144 (that you have requested.  Such computers are called "mail servers.") SB
231 2464 1879 (For example, you can send mail to a computer service run by the Oregon Extension Service called "Almanac.") SB
231 2514 1833 (This resource contains a wide variety of educationally valuable materials such as "electronic books," and an) SB
231 2564 1926 (enormous amount of information from the Department of Agriculture.  You can have this information sent to you) SB
231 2614 779 (simply by sending an e-mail message request.) SB
231 2714 1787 (In this example, we'll send a message to Almanac, requesting a copy of the Declaration of Independence.) SB
231 2814 560 (Step 1.  Start your mail program.) SB
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1148 2976 1033 (Chapter 15: Using the Global Internet in K-12 Education) SB
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231 287 1849 (Step 2.  Address a message to the following Internet user-id and address.  Note:  If you are not on an Internet) SB
231 337 1900 (computer, you will probably have to add additional information.  Ask your colleagues if they know how to send) SB
231 387 591 (mail to the Internet from your site\)) SB
381 487 383 (almanac@oes.orst.edu) SB
231 587 1060 (Step 3.  You don't have to include anything in the subject line.) SB
231 687 959 (Step 4.  In your mail editor, type the following message:) SB
381 787 369 (send guten dec-of-ind) SB
231 887 1858 (where "guten" is short for "Project Gutenberg," a non-profit organization dedicated to creating free electronic) SB
231 937 1855 (versions of the world's great literature, and "dec-of-ind" is the file name for the Declaration of Independence.) SB
231 1037 539 (Step 5.  Send the mail message.) SB
231 1137 1950 (Step 6.  In a short while, you should receive e-mail from Almanac.  If you did everything right, it will be a copy of) SB
231 1187 1914 (the Declaration of Independence!  If you made a mistake, the e-mail message from Almanac will give you a hint) SB
231 1237 1272 (about what you did wrong and directions for how to send a correct request.) SB
231 1337 1920 (If you want more information about Almanac, you can send an e-mail message to Almanac containing one of the) SB
231 1387 346 (following messages:) SB
381 1487 182 (send guide) SB
831 1487 634 (\(to get a copy of the Almanac Guide\)) SB
381 1537 307 (send topic catalog) SB
831 1537 637 (\(to get a copy of Almanac's holdings\)) SB
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231 1637 700 (Other Applications of Electronic Mail) SB
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231 1741 1785 (E-mail is also used for accessing many of the network services described in the following sections of this) SB
231 1791 1642 (document, such as subscribing to electronic journals or participating in online discussion groups.) SB
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231 1938 526 (Online Library Catalogs) SB
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231 2052 658 (What Are Online Library Catalogs?) SB
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231 2156 1865 (Online library catalogs \(more precisely known as "Online Public Access Catalogs", or "OPACs" for short\) are) SB
231 2206 1891 (electronic versions of library card catalogs.  OPACs have been installed at hundreds of the world's libraries and) SB
231 2256 1149 (are generally free of charge for anyone with an Internet connection.) SB
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231 2356 863 (An Example K-12 Specific OPAC Application) SB
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231 2460 1818 (As an example of the potential of the Internet to provide "real-time" access to remote knowledge bases and) SB
231 2510 1928 (informational resources, allow me to relate this personal episode.  I was trying to compose text containing a K-12) SB
231 2560 1923 (specific OPAC application when I realized that I was just about to run through a good example while writing this) SB
231 2610 136 (chapter.) SB
231 2710 1892 (I am word processing this document on a Macintosh SE at my home in Seattle.  I need to find references on the) SB
231 2760 1903 (subject "distance education" for the bibliography, but it's 2 am, and all of the libraries in Seattle are closed.  But) SB
231 2810 1853 (because I have an Internet connection through the University of Washington, I can connect to any one of 200) SB
231 2860 1185 (OPACs in the United States and do a literature search from my home.) SB
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1148 2976 1033 (Chapter 15: Using the Global Internet in K-12 Education) SB
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231 287 975 (I've just entered the following command on my computer) SB
381 387 307 (telnet pac.carl.org) SB
231 487 1816 (and in a few seconds I'm connected to the Colorado Association of Research Libraries \(CARL\) in Boulder,) SB
231 537 1863 (Colorado, about 1,000 miles away from my house.  Because I'm doing this through the Internet, I'm not being) SB
231 587 1936 (charged a penny for the connection, nor was I charged for the connection I made to a database in England an hour) SB
231 637 1935 (ago.  The cost of these connection services are defrayed in part by the National Science Foundation and in part by) SB
231 687 1321 (the dues and service fees paid by the members and partners of NorthWestNet.) SB
231 787 1883 (CARL asks me what kind of terminal I'm using.  To be certain that all of the NUSIRG examples work with the) SB
231 837 1925 (simplest equipment, I'm purposely using a basic terminal emulation program.  I select HARDCOPY, which is the) SB
231 887 1169 (appropriate choice  for "dumb" terminals without any fancy features.) SB
231 987 1924 (An easy to use menu has appeared on my screen, and I've selected the library catalog option.  CARL offers many) SB
231 1037 1815 (other interesting databases, but I don't have time to get distracted.  The names of 21 libraries in the state of) SB
231 1087 1487 (Colorado appear on my screen, and I select the State Department of Education Catalog.) SB
231 1187 1865 (Now I'm given a number of options for the kind of search I want to do.  I type "w" for "word", and then I type) SB
231 1237 1818 ("Distance Education."  In two seconds, CARL tells me that it has found 16 books with the words "Distance) SB
231 1287 200 (Education.") SB
231 1387 1852 (As it turns out, the very first reference in the list is one that someone in an online discussion group had asked) SB
231 1437 1904 (about earlier in the day.  The person wasn't sure of the title, so I'm going to send them an e-mail message giving) SB
231 1487 398 (them the full reference.) SB
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231 1587 847 (OPACS of Special Interest to K-12 Education) SB
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231 1691 1949 (Every OPAC has something to offer K-12 education.  Most of the best OPACs are only accessible through Internet) SB
231 1741 1932 (connection, although a few statewide networks have started providing OPAC services via modem connections.  A) SB
231 1791 1289 (more complete discussion of OPACs is provided in Chapter 12 of NUSIRG.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1938 282 (File Archives) SB
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231 2052 1874 (There are thousands of computers in the world which contain "file archives" from which files can be copied to) SB
231 2102 557 (your computer for your own use.) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2202 322 (K12Net Libraries) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2306 1842 (Very useful file archives for K-12 education are maintained in the "K12Net Libraries" throughout the world.) SB
231 2356 1521 (These K12Net libraries contain thousands of files on a wide variety of subjects including:) SB
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381 2461 32 (o) SB
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456 2457 352 (educational software) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2512 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2508 1042 (course outlines and other material for curricular development) SB
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381 2563 32 (o) SB
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456 2559 1724 (documents relating to education generally, including distance education and government publications) SB
231 2659 1883 (Document files can be used on most any kind of personal computer.  Most of the software currently held in the) SB
231 2709 1947 (K12Net Library is for MS DOS based machines, but there are plans to start adding materials for other PC's such as) SB
231 2759 665 (the Macintosh, Apple II's, and Amigas.) SB
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1148 2976 1033 (Chapter 15: Using the Global Internet in K-12 Education) SB
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231 287 1737 (To access the K12Net library, all you need is a phone, a modem, and a personal computer with simple) SB
231 337 1863 (telecommuncations software.  To locate the K12Net Library nearest you, get in touch with one of the K12Net) SB
231 387 516 (contacts listed in addendum 3.) SB
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231 487 795 (Interactive Bulletin Board Services \(BBSs\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 591 1936 (Bulletin Board Services are computers which contain information, training, and files which you can copy for your) SB
231 641 150 (own use.) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 741 333 (K12Net / FidoNet) SB
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231 845 1935 (All of the K12Net and Fidonet nodes are BBSs. To find the site nearest you, contact one of the main K12Net sites) SB
231 895 366 (listed in addendum 3.) SB
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231 995 962 (National Public Telecommuncations Network BBSs) SB
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231 1099 1925 (There are currently four NPTN sites which are accessible by modem calls or with the Internet TELNET protocol.) SB
gs 599 50 359 1196 CB
381 1199 333 (Cleveland Free-Net) SB
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981 1199 278 (Cleveland, Ohio) SB
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381 1249 139 (modem:) SB
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981 1249 263 (\(216\) 368-3888) SB
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381 1299 107 (telnet:) SB
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981 1299 365 (freenet-in-a.cwru.edu) SB
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981 1349 367 (freenet-in-b.cwru.edu) SB
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981 1399 365 (freenet-in-c.cwru.edu) SB
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381 1499 375 (Youngstown Free-Net) SB
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981 1499 320 (Youngstown, Ohio) SB
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381 1549 139 (modem:) SB
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981 1549 263 (\(216\) 742-3072) SB
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981 1599 326 (telnet:  yfn.ysu.edu) SB
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381 1699 263 (TriState Online) SB
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981 1699 283 (Cincinnati, Ohio) SB
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981 1749 263 (\(513\) 579-1990) SB
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381 1799 107 (telnet:) SB
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981 1799 172 (tso.uc.edu) SB
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381 1899 328 (Heartland Free-Net) SB
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981 1899 250 (Peoria, Illinois) SB
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381 1949 139 (modem:) SB
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981 1949 263 (\(309\) 674-1100) SB
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231 2099 1947 (NPTN plans to establish additional sites in the following communities:  Buffalo; Chicago; Denver; Lorain County,) SB
231 2149 1873 (OH, Los Angeles; Minneapolis/St.Paul; Portland, OR; Philadelphia; Summit, NJ; Washington, D.C.; Helsinki,) SB
231 2199 869 (Finland; Singapore; and Wellington, New Zealand.) SB
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231 2346 556 (Online Discussion Groups) SB
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231 2460 1823 (Online discussion groups allow you to communicate with people throughout the world who share a specific) SB
231 2510 136 (interest.) SB
231 2610 1912 (By having distinct names and limited scopes, discussion groups enable highly focused, topic-specific discourses.) SB
231 2660 1848 (So even though the worldwide networks are huge and used by people with many diverse interests, discussion) SB
231 2710 904 (groups make the network world a more homey place.) SB
231 2810 1945 (Once you find groups which suit your needs, you can read material "posted" by other people, you can comment on) SB
231 2860 1248 (other people's postings, or you can contribute new messages to the group.) SB
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231 287 1894 (There are many different discussion group services.  These differ in how they work and in how they are named.) SB
231 387 1924 (For details on how to use two widely used discussion group services, USENET and LISTSERV, consult Chapters) SB
231 437 348 (7 and 8 of NUSIRG.) SB
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231 537 617 (K-12 Specific Discussion Groups) SB
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231 641 1881 (Because each discussion group service features a huge number of topic specific groups, it is sometime hard for) SB
231 691 1846 (new users to know which groups are most likely to be useful.  For example, the BITNET LISTSERV service) SB
231 741 1907 (offers nearly 3,000 groups!  To help get you started, Tables 1, 2 and 3 give a sampling of LISTSERV discussion) SB
231 791 1834 (groups, Internet interest groups, and USENET newsgroups which are most likely to interest K-12 educators.) SB
231 891 1917 (K-12 specific discussion groups are a great place to keep in touch with what other K-12 educators are doing with) SB
231 941 1919 (computer networks.  Many of these groups are often used like curriculum development meetings in a world-wide) SB
231 991 121 (school.) SB
231 1091 1796 (Use Tables 1, 2, and 3 as K-12 specific resources when you follow the detailed instructions on how to use) SB
231 1141 1033 (discussion group services in the earlier chapters of NUSIRG.) SB
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231 1288 418 (Electronic Journals) SB
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231 1402 1898 (Electronic Journals are like regular magazines.  They feature submitted articles which are reviewed, edited, and) SB
231 1452 1881 (placed in an organized format within a computer file.  The big differences are that the journals are sent to your) SB
231 1502 1245 (computer and that you don't have to pay personally for your subscription.) SB
231 1602 1889 (Although the number of electronic journals is currently small,  it has been predicted that their number and their) SB
231 1652 831 (impact will expand greatly in the next few years.) SB
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231 1752 1073 (An Example of How to Subscribe to an Electronic Journal) SB
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231 1856 1932 (To subscribe to an electronic journal, you send an e-mail message to an Internet address.  In some cases, the user-) SB
231 1906 1890 (id you are sending mail to is that of a real person, in which case you can write a regular English language letter) SB
231 1956 1902 (requesting a subscription.  In other cases, you will be sending a message to a computer program which will read) SB
231 2006 1254 (your message and will expect the message to be of a very specific format.) SB
231 2106 1912 (For example, to subscribe to the "Distance Education Online Symposium" \(which often features articles relevant) SB
231 2156 1600 (to applications of networks to K-12 education\), you would send an e-mail message as follows:) SB
381 2256 88 (mail:) SB
531 2256 717 (listserv%psuvm.bitnet@cunyvm.cuny.edu) SB
381 2306 132 (subject:) SB
531 2306 241 (\(none needed\)) SB
531 2356 468 (SUB DEOS your-full-name) SB
231 2456 1890 (In less than a day, you should receive a message saying that you have been subscribed to this electronic journal) SB
231 2506 969 (with information on how to obtain back issues by e-mail.) SB
231 2606 1521 (Once you have been subscribed, you will receive a copy of the journal once every month.) SB
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231 2706 1051 (Electronic Journals of Special Interest to K-12 Education) SB
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231 2810 1859 (Table 4 lists a number of electronic journals which are of potential interest to K-12 educators.  Please refer to) SB
231 2860 1200 (Chapter 9 of NUSIRG for more information about Electronic Journals.) SB
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231 334 374 (Online Databases) SB
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231 448 1903 (There are several Internet accessible online databases which are of particular interest to K-12 educators.  To use) SB
231 498 1733 (these databases, you need to know how to use TELNET, which is explained in Chapter 5 of NUSIRG.) SB
231 598 1464 (A large catalog of many other online databases is provided in Chapter 12 of NUSIRG.) SB
231 698 175 (PENpages) SB
406 698 1726 (: Contains online articles and brochures on agriculture, careers, health, consumer issues, and weather;) SB
231 748 1405 (from The Pennsylvania State University.  vt100 terminal emulation recommended.) SB
381 848 131 (Access:) SB
456 898 107 (telnet:) SB
681 898 260 (psupen.psu.edu) SB
456 948 197 (User-name:) SB
681 948 162 (PNOTPA) SB
456 1048 121 (e-mail:) SB
681 1048 446 (support@psupenn.psu.edu) SB
381 1148 518 (Art Hussey, Assistant Director) SB
381 1198 323 (Computer Services) SB
381 1248 573 (Office of Administrative Services) SB
381 1298 587 (The Pennsylvania State University) SB
381 1348 707 (405 Agricultural Administration Building) SB
381 1398 457 (University Park, PA 16802) SB
381 1448 263 (\(814\) 863-3449) SB
231 1548 230 (SPACELINK) SB
461 1548 1710 (: A very easy to use database and interactive system containing information about NASA and NASA) SB
231 1598 1921 (activities.  Includes a large number of possible curricular activities for elementary and secondary science classes.) SB
231 1648 1391 (A tremendously valuable resource for elementary and secondary science teachers.) SB
381 1748 131 (Access:) SB
456 1798 107 (telnet:) SB
681 1798 264 (128.158.13.250) SB
456 1848 174 (username:) SB
681 1848 140 (newuser) SB
456 1898 170 (password:) SB
681 1898 140 (newuser) SB
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231 2045 1546 (Supercomputer Training Opportunities for K-12 Students and Teachers) SB
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231 2159 1629 (Several of the NSF sponsored supercomputer sites have established programs for K-12 students.) SB
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381 2264 32 (o) SB
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456 2260 694 (Cornell National Supercomputer Facility) SB
456 2310 263 (\(607\) 255-8686) SB
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381 2365 32 (o) SB
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456 2361 826 (National Center for Supercomputer Applications) SB
456 2411 274 (\(217\)  244-1100) SB
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381 2466 32 (o) SB
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456 2462 838 (National Energy Research Supercomputer Center) SB
456 2512 263 (\(415\) 422-1544) SB
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231 2659 516 (K-12 Network Etiquette) SB
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231 2773 1856 (Just as we unconsciously internalize standards of etiquette in our everyday behavior, there are many issues of) SB
231 2823 1906 (network etiquette which may not be apparent to new users of network services, especially among K-12 students.) SB
231 2873 1826 (As Jack Crawford, one of the main forces behind "K12 Net," recently wrote, "the ability to keep our echoes) SB
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231 287 1930 (animated, well behaved, and oriented toward K-12 curriculum increasingly depends upon the zealousness, energy) SB
231 337 420 (and skill of moderators.") SB
231 437 1803 (Before starting a K-12 networking project with students, it would be wise to read some of the literature on) SB
231 487 1934 ("network etiquette."  Quarterman \(1989 and 1990\) provides a particularly good overview of the issues involved in) SB
231 537 1881 (polite and ethical use of computer networks.  Passages in Chapter 3 of NUSIRG, and references in that chapter) SB
231 587 1692 (also deal with some of the etiquette issues involved in electronic mail communications specifically.) SB
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231 734 1138 ("Distance Education" Programs For K-12 Educators) SB
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231 848 1889 (There are numerous opportunities for K-12 educators and even students to enroll in courses at other institutions) SB
231 898 300 (around the world.) SB
231 998 1918 (Such "Distance Education" programs are the electronic equivalent of "correspondence schools," but with a major) SB
231 1048 1838 (difference.  "They often allow real time, interactive contact with instructors and other students via computer) SB
231 1098 917 (networks with electronic mail or even two-way video.) SB
231 1198 1887 (Moore and Thomson \(1990\), Moore et al. \(1990\) discuss distance education generally.  Information on specific) SB
231 1248 1865 (statewide programs for K-12 educators can be found in Kurshan \(1990b\).  Very up-to-date information can be) SB
231 1298 1944 (obtained by subscribing to one of several LISTSERV discussion groups or electronic journals included in Tables 1) SB
231 1348 104 (and 4.) SB
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231 1495 947 (For More Information On K-12 Networking) SB
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231 1609 1798 (The best information on K-12 networking can be obtained by diving headlong into the active and exciting) SB
231 1659 1872 (discussions taking place on computer networks throughout the world.  Several of these discussion groups have) SB
231 1709 1933 (been described in this chapter.  Subscribe to some of the K12Net, USENET, and LISTSERV groups, and you will) SB
231 1759 1789 (be able to keep posted on collaborative projects of many sorts which will be best suited to your particular) SB
231 1809 404 (educational curriculum.) SB
231 1909 1945 (Admittedly, this strategy presents a bit of a "bootstrapping" problem for those of you who do not yet have network) SB
231 1959 1932 (access, so here's a list of printed references, journals, and professional societies which are of special interest to K-) SB
231 2009 226 (12 educators.) SB
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231 2109 353 (Books and Articles) SB
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231 2213 1908 (Beals, D.E.  1991.  "Computer mediated communication among beginning teachers."  T.H.E. Journal, 18\(9\), 74-) SB
231 2263 53 (77.) SB
231 2363 1944 (Carlitz, Robert D.  1991.  "Common Knowledge:  Networks for Kindergarten Through College."  Educom Review) SB
231 2413 212 (26\(2\):25-28.) SB
231 2513 1899 (Clement, John.  1990. "Networking for K-12 education:  bringing everyone together."  Available from Educom.) SB
231 2613 1911 (Kurshan, Barbara. 1990a.  Home Market for Educational OnLine Services:  Growth of Market and Strategies for) SB
231 2663 1458 (Expansion \(available from the author; see contact information at end of addendum 2\).) SB
231 2763 1925 (Kurshan, Barbara. 1990b.  "Statewide Telecommunications Networks:  An Overview of the Current State and the) SB
231 2813 1609 (Growth Potential."  \(available from the author; see contact information at end of addendum 2\).) SB
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231 287 1936 (Kurshan, Barbara. 1991.  "Statewide Education Networks Survey Results." \(available from the author; see contact) SB
231 337 604 (information at end of addendum 2\).) SB
231 437 1706 (Moore, M.G.,  Thompson, M.M.  1990.  "The effects of distance learning:  a summary of literature.") SB
231 487 521 (Pennsylvania State University.) SB
231 587 1879 (Moore, M.G.,  Cookson,P. J. Donaldson, and Quigley, B.A.  1990.  Contemporary issues in American distance) SB
231 637 666 (education, Pergamon Press, New York.) SB
231 737 1920 (Phillips, G.M., Santoro, G.M., & Kuehn, S.A.  1988. "The use of computer--mediated communication in training) SB
231 787 1878 (students in group problem-solving and decision-making techniques." American Journal of Distance Education,) SB
231 837 202 (2\(1\): 38-51.) SB
231 937 1730 (Quarterman, J. S. 1989.  "Etiquette and Ethics," ConneXions--The Interoperability Report 3\(4\):12-16.) SB
231 1037 1854 (Quarterman, J. S.  1990.  "The Matrix:  Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems Worldwide."  Digital) SB
231 1087 348 (Press, Bedford, MA.) SB
231 1187 1889 (Roberts, N., Blakeslee, G., Brown, M., and Lenk, C.  1990 . "Integrating Telecommunications into Education.") SB
231 1237 649 (Englewood Cliffs, NJ:  Prentice- Hall.) SB
231 1337 1725 ("Rural America at the Crossroads:  "Networking for the Future." U.S. Congress Office of Technology) SB
231 1387 1924 (Assessment."April 1991. \(S/N 052 003 0122806; available in government document repositories, or through your) SB
231 1437 169 (legislator.) SB
231 1537 1781 ("Linking for Learning:  "Computer-and-Communications Network Support for Nationwide Innovation in) SB
231 1587 1856 (Education."  June 1991. The National Science Foundation's Directorate for Education and Human Resources.) SB
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231 1687 298 (Printed Journals) SB
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231 1791 1778 (The following printed journals are particularly informative for K-12 educators using computer networks:) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 39 /Times-Italic /font39 ANSIFont font
381 1888 696 (American Journal of Distance Education) SB
381 1938 525 (Classroom Computer Learning) SB
381 1988 336 (Computing Teacher) SB
381 2038 415 (Educational Technology) SB
381 2088 313 (EDUCOM Review) SB
381 2138 342 (Electronic Learning) SB
381 2188 1026 (Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching) SB
381 2238 341 (Learning Tomorrow) SB
381 2288 624 (Research and Education Networking) SB
381 2338 243 (T.H.E.Journal) SB
381 2388 485 (University Computing Times) SB
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231 2491 393 (Periodic Conferences) SB
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381 2595 137 (CAUSE) SB
381 2645 599 (Consortium for School Networking) SB
381 2695 181 (EDUCOM) SB
381 2745 960 (International Conferences on Technology and Education) SB
381 2795 986 (International Council for Distance Education Conferences) SB
381 2845 1069 (International Symposia on Telecommunications and Education) SB
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381 287 246 (NorthWestNet) SB
381 337 137 (SHARE) SB
381 387 153 (USENIX) SB
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231 487 239 (Organization) SB
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381 591 181 (EDUCOM) SB
381 641 372 (1112 16th Street, NW) SB
381 691 161 (Suite 600) SB
381 741 400 (Washington, DC 20036) SB
381 791 411 (phone:  \(202\) 872-4200.) SB
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231 334 31 (T) SB
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262 344 120 (ABLE ) SB
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382 334 367 (1:  LISTSERV D) SB
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749 344 232 (ISCUSSION ) SB
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981 334 39 (G) SB
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1020 344 154 (ROUPS ) SB
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1174 334 36 (R) SB
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1210 344 264 (ELEVANT TO ) SB
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1474 334 156 (K-12 E) SB
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1630 344 325 (DUCATORS AND) SB
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231 392 33 (S) SB
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264 402 189 (TUDENTS) SB
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231 603 1392 (For more information on using LISTSERV, please refer to Chapter 8 of NUSIRG.) SB
231 703 1947 (NOTE:  The BITNET addresses listed below need to be modified and expanded to be used on other networks.  For) SB
231 753 1393 (example here's how you would address a message to KIDCAFE from the Internet:) SB
381 853 325 (kidcafe%ndsuvm1.) SB
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706 853 437 (bitnet@cunyvm.cuny.edu) SB
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231 953 1950 (The underlined portion could be added to any of the names below.  Notice also that there is a "%" between kidcafe) SB
231 1003 1884 (and ndsuvm1, instead of an "@" sign.  For more information on why this modification of BITNET addresses is) SB
231 1053 1931 (necessary and how it works, refer to passages in Chapter 3 of NUSIRG which deal with electronic mail gateways.) SB
231 1153 66 (List) SB
531 1153 150 (BITNET) SB
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231 1203 101 (Name) SB
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231 1403 181 (KIDCAFE) SB
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231 1503 200 (SCOUTS-L) SB
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981 1503 839 (Youth groups including Boy and Girl Scouts, etc.) SB
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231 1553 147 (SEAC-L) SB
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531 1553 230 (@  UNCVX1) SB
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231 1603 165 (SGANET) SB
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231 1803 199 (EDNET6-L) SB
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231 1853 183 (KIDPLAN) SB
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382 334 87 (2:  I) SB
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231 445 1894 (To subscribe to one of these groups, send an e-mail message to a special subscription user-id, which is made by) SB
231 495 1377 (adding "-request" to the discussion group's user-id.  For example, to subscribe to:) SB
381 595 429 (kidsnet@vms.cis.pitt.edu) SB
231 695 241 (send e-mail to) SB
381 795 565 (kidsnet-request@vms.cis.pitt.edu) SB
231 895 1489 (in the body of your message, indicate that you would like to be subscribed to the group.) SB
231 995 1456 (A wide variety of many other online databases is provided in Chapter 12 of NUSIRG.) SB
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231 553 1311 (diversity and are unable to find what groups are appropriate to their interests.) SB
231 653 1927 (To help you get started, this list provides a small sampler of a few specific groups and of the hierarchy that might) SB
231 703 1893 (be of particular interest to K-12 educators.  Once you've become comfortable with newsreader software and the) SB
231 753 1355 (structure of USENET, there's a huge variety of newsgroups to explore and read.) SB
231 853 1918 (For information on how to actually use USENET, refer to Chapter 7 of NUSIRG.  Note that the first section \("K-) SB
231 903 1765 (12 Lists Distributed From K12Net to USENET"\) are all accessible directly by accessing K12Net BBS's.) SB
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831 1553 744 (Mathematics curriculum in K-12 education.) SB
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231 1603 226 (k12.ed.music) SB
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831 1653 657 (Science curriculum in K-12 education.) SB
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831 1703 799 (Social Studies and History curriculum in K-12.) SB
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831 1903 775 (Language Arts curriculum in K-12 education.) SB
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381 498 126 (comp.*) SB
381 548 84 (rec.*) SB
381 598 79 (sci.*) SB
381 648 217 (soc.culture.*) SB
231 748 1877 (Each of these "hierarchies" in this list of five contain numerous, very specific newsgroups which you may find) SB
231 798 1936 (interesting.  For example, within "sci.*" are groups such as "sci.biology"and "sci.geo.meteorology".  \(The asterisk) SB
231 848 1482 (is standard computer shorthand for "this space might be occupied by much more text."\)) SB
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231 595 457 (Distance Education Online) SB
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831 745 805 (To cancel a subscription, send mail to the same) SB
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831 795 841 (address, message UNSUB DEOS your-full-name.) SB
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231 895 277 (Effector Online:) SB
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831 895 1132 (Computer based communication, esp. issues of freedom of speech,) SB
gr
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831 945 529 (privacy, censorship, and policy) SB
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831 995 576 (subscription:  eff-request@eff.org) SB
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231 1095 158 (Ejournal:) SB
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831 1095 792 (An electronic journal about electronic journals) SB
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831 1145 1014 (subscription:  listserv%albnyvm1.bitnet@cunyvm.cuny.edu) SB
gr
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831 1195 662 (message:  SUB EJRNL your-full-name) SB
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831 1245 1052 (To cancel a subscription, e-mail to the same address, message) SB
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831 1295 545 (UNSUB EJRNL your-full-name) SB
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231 1395 264 (F.A.S.T. News:) SB
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831 1395 1034 (Articles, bibliographies, job listings, etc. on arts, science and) SB
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831 1445 199 (technology.) SB
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831 1495 689 (subscription:  isast@garnet.berkeley.edu) SB
gr
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231 1595 295 (Handicap Digest:) SB
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831 1595 623 (Issues dealing with the handicapped.) SB
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831 1645 762 (subscription:  wtm@bunker.shelp.isc-br.com) SB
gr
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831 1695 582 (via modem:  Handicap News BBS) SB
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gs 1199 50 809 1742 CB
831 1745 731 (\(203\) 337-1607 \(300, 1200 and 2400 baud\)) SB
gr
gs 1199 50 809 1792 CB
831 1795 351 (\(Fidonet 1:/141/420\)) SB
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831 1845 424 (Compuserve 73170,1064) SB
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231 1945 402 (History and Analysis of) SB
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831 1945 1016 (News, and announcements of conferences, seminars, books,) SB
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231 1995 399 (Disabilities Newsletter:) SB
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831 1995 946 (articles, theses, research, organizations dealing with the) SB
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831 2045 512 (historical study of disabilities.) SB
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831 2095 999 (subscription:  fcty7310%ryerson.bitnet@cunyvm.cuny.edu) SB
gr
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231 2195 256 (Impact Online:) SB
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831 2195 892 (Social & ethical concerns of information technology) SB
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gs 899 53 659 692 CB
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gr
gs 899 50 659 795 CB
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gs 899 50 659 1045 CB
681 1048 263 (\(800\) 876-2373) SB
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gs 899 100 659 1095 CB
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gs 899 50 659 1245 CB
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gr
gs 899 50 659 1295 CB
681 1298 263 (\(313\) 998-6102) SB
gr
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gs 899 50 659 1495 CB
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gr
gs 899 50 659 1545 CB
681 1548 263 (\(303\) 273-3475) SB
gr
gs 899 100 659 1595 CB
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gr
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gr
gs 899 50 659 1695 CB
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gr
gs 899 50 659 1745 CB
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gr
gs 899 50 659 1795 CB
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gr
gs 899 100 659 1845 CB
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gr
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gr
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gr
gs 899 50 659 1995 CB
681 1998 224 (Sergio Heker) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2045 CB
681 2048 263 (\(609\) 258-2400) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2095 CB
681 2098 269 (heker@jvnc.net) SB
gr
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gr
gs 899 50 659 2195 CB
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gr
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gr
gs 899 50 659 2295 CB
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gr
gs 899 50 659 2345 CB
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gr
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gr
gs 899 50 659 2445 CB
681 2448 51 (MI) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2495 CB
681 2498 186 (Jeff Ogden) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2545 CB
681 2548 263 (\(313\) 764-9430) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2595 CB
681 2598 316 (jogden@merit.edu) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 2695 CB
231 2698 133 (MIDnet) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2695 CB
681 2698 56 (NE) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2745 CB
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gr
gs 899 50 659 2795 CB
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gr
gs 899 50 659 2845 CB
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1148 2976 1033 (Chapter 15: Using the Global Internet in K-12 Education) SB
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231 337 126 (MRNet) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 334 CB
681 337 67 (MN) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 384 CB
681 387 224 (Dennis Fazio) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 434 CB
681 437 275 (\(612\) 342-0003\\) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 484 CB
681 487 336 (dfazio@ssesco.com) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 584 CB
231 587 166 (NEARnet) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 584 CB
681 587 773 (Northeastern US \(ME, NH, VT, CT, RI, MA\)) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 634 CB
681 637 181 (John Rugo) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 684 CB
681 687 263 (\(617\) 873-2935) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 734 CB
681 737 452 (nearnet-staff@nic.near.net) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 834 CB
231 837 200 (NETillinois) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 834 CB
681 837 40 (IL) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 884 CB
681 887 257 (George Badger) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 934 CB
681 937 263 (\(217\) 333-1637) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 984 CB
681 987 452 (badger@vmd.cso.uiuc.edu) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 1084 CB
231 1087 190 (NevadaNet) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1084 CB
681 1087 60 (NV) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1134 CB
681 1137 228 (Jim Williams) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1184 CB
681 1187 263 (\(702\) 739-3557) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1234 CB
681 1237 362 (greyfox@nevada.edu) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 1334 CB
231 1337 246 (NorthWestNet) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1334 CB
681 1337 702 (Northwestern US \(AK, ID, MT, ND, OR,) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1384 CB
681 1387 176 (WA, WY\)) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1434 CB
681 1437 175 (Eric Hood) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1484 CB
681 1487 263 (\(206\) 562-3000) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1534 CB
681 1537 308 (ehood@nwnet.net) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 1634 CB
231 1637 198 (NYSERNet) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1634 CB
681 1637 60 (NY) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1684 CB
681 1687 202 (Jim Luckett) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1734 CB
681 1737 263 (\(315\) 443-4120) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1784 CB
681 1787 365 (luckett@nysernet.org) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 1884 CB
231 1887 140 (OARnet) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1884 CB
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gr
gs 899 50 659 1934 CB
681 1937 237 (Alison Brown) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1984 CB
681 1987 263 (\(614\) 292-8100) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2034 CB
681 2037 257 (alison@oar.net) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 2134 CB
231 2137 152 (PREPnet) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2134 CB
681 2137 49 (PE) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2184 CB
681 2187 265 (Thomas Bajzek) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2234 CB
681 2237 263 (\(412\) 268-7870) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2284 CB
681 2287 406 (twb+@andrew.cmu.edu) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 2384 CB
231 2387 156 (PSCNET) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2384 CB
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gr
gs 899 50 659 2434 CB
681 2437 285 (Eugene Hastings) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2484 CB
681 2487 263 (\(412\) 268-4960) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2534 CB
681 2537 395 (pscnet-admin@psc.edu) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 2634 CB
231 2637 164 (Sesquinet) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2634 CB
681 2637 56 (TX) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2684 CB
681 2687 269 (Farrell Gerbode) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2734 CB
681 2737 263 (\(713\) 527-4988) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 2784 CB
681 2787 311 (gerbode@rice.edu) SB
gr
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1148 2976 1033 (Chapter 15: Using the Global Internet in K-12 Education) SB
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2067 76 69 (200) SB
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gs 899 50 659 334 CB
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gr
gs 899 50 659 384 CB
681 387 263 (\(619\) 534-5043) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 434 CB
681 437 360 (loveep@sds.sdsc.edu) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 534 CB
231 537 163 (SURAnet) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 534 CB
681 537 507 (Southeastern US + Territories) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 584 CB
681 587 177 (Jack Hahn) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 634 CB
681 637 263 (\(301\) 982-4600) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 684 CB
681 687 254 (hahn@sura.net) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 784 CB
231 787 134 (TENET) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 784 CB
681 787 56 (TX) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 834 CB
681 837 367 (Tracy LaQuey Parker) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 884 CB
681 887 263 (\(512\) 471-5046) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 934 CB
681 937 304 (tracy@utexas.edu) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 1034 CB
231 1037 136 (VERnet) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1034 CB
681 1037 60 (VA) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1084 CB
681 1087 184 (James Jokl) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1134 CB
681 1137 263 (\(804\) 924-0616) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1184 CB
681 1187 286 (jaj@virginia.edu) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 1284 CB
231 1287 197 (WESTNET) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1284 CB
681 1287 705 (Western US \(AZ, CO, ID, NM, UT, WY\)) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1334 CB
681 1337 165 (Pat Burns) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1384 CB
681 1387 263 (\(303\) 491-7260) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1434 CB
681 1437 567 (pburns@yuma.acns.colostate.edu) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 1534 CB
231 1537 148 (WiscNet) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1534 CB
681 1537 54 (WI) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1584 CB
681 1587 241 (Tad Pinkerton) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1634 CB
681 1637 263 (\(608\) 262-8874) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1684 CB
681 1687 286 (tad@cs.wisc.edu) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 1784 CB
231 1787 152 (WVNET) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1784 CB
681 1787 70 (WV) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 1834 CB
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gr
gs 899 50 659 1884 CB
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gr
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2067 76 69 (201) SB
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32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
681 344 204 (ONTACTS ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
885 334 31 (F) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
916 344 71 (OR ) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
987 334 36 (C) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
1023 344 257 (OMMERCIAL ) SB
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1280 334 14 (I) SB
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1494 334 33 (S) SB
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1527 344 161 (ERVICE ) SB
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1688 334 33 (P) SB
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gs 899 50 659 442 CB
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gs 899 50 659 492 CB
681 495 263 (\(703\) 876-5050) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 542 CB
681 545 317 (info@uunet.uu.net) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 642 CB
231 645 83 (ANS) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 642 CB
681 645 353 (US and International) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 692 CB
681 695 196 (Joel Maloff) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 742 CB
681 745 263 (\(313\) 663-7610) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 792 CB
681 795 331 (maloff@nis.ans.net) SB
gr
gs 450 50 208 892 CB
231 895 112 (PSInet) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 892 CB
681 895 353 (US and International) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 942 CB
681 945 147 (PSI, Inc.) SB
gr
gs 899 50 659 992 CB
681 995 263 (\(703\) 620-6651) SB
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gs 899 50 659 1042 CB
681 1045 219 (info@psi.net) SB
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231 334 411 (ADDENDUM 2:  S) SB
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642 344 220 (TATEWIDE ) SB
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862 334 33 (E) SB
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895 344 222 (DUCATION ) SB
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1117 334 36 (N) SB
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1153 344 314 (ETWORKS AND ) SB
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1467 334 36 (C) SB
32 0 0 40 40 0 0 37 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
1503 344 193 (ONTACTS) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 445 1846 (This addendum is used by permission from a report entitled "Statewide Education Networks Survey Results") SB
231 495 1803 (prepared by Barbara Kurshan and Marcia Harrington.  Their contact information appears at the end of this) SB
231 545 178 (document.) SB
231 645 1890 (In addition to contacts for particular state networks \(indicated by BOLD print names\), this list also includes the) SB
231 695 1812 (contact information for many other organizations or individuals who provided information about statewide) SB
231 745 1825 (networks for Kurshan and Harrington's report.  These may be useful resources for your inquiries about state) SB
231 795 203 (networking.) SB
231 895 1893 (Note that the survey was completed in January, 1991.  Consequently some of the contact information may have) SB
231 945 1304 (changed, especially in light of the rate at which state  networks are evolving.) SB
231 1045 730 (NETWORK CONTACT LIST BY STATE) SB
231 1145 211 (ALABAMA) SB
gs 749 50 359 1242 CB
381 1245 42 (---) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1109 1242 CB
1131 1245 161 (SDENET) SB
gr
gs 749 50 359 1292 CB
381 1295 201 (Ron Wright) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1109 1292 CB
1131 1295 222 (Rex C. Jones) SB
gr
gs 749 50 359 1342 CB
381 1345 250 (Alabama DOE) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1109 1342 CB
1131 1345 250 (Alabama DOE) SB
gr
gs 749 50 359 1392 CB
381 1395 457 (3317 Gordon Persons Bldg) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1109 1392 CB
1131 1395 457 (5327 Gordon Persons Bldg) SB
gr
gs 749 50 359 1442 CB
381 1445 425 (Montgomery, AL  36130) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1109 1442 CB
1131 1445 425 (Montgomery, AL  36130) SB
gr
gs 749 100 359 1492 CB
381 1495 236 (205/242-8071) SB
gr
gs 749 100 1109 1492 CB
1131 1495 236 (205/242-9590) SB
gr
231 1595 169 (ALASKA) SB
gs 749 50 359 1692 CB
381 1695 118 (UACN) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1109 1692 CB
1131 1695 118 (UACN) SB
gr
gs 749 50 359 1742 CB
381 1745 185 (Mike Cinij) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1109 1742 CB
1131 1745 234 (Cathy Carney) SB
gr
gs 749 50 359 1792 CB
381 1795 83 (UAS) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1109 1792 CB
1131 1795 214 (Alaska DOE) SB
gr
gs 749 50 359 1842 CB
381 1845 352 (11120 Glacier Hway) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1109 1842 CB
1131 1845 104 (Box F) SB
gr
gs 749 50 359 1892 CB
381 1895 326 (Juneau, AK  99801) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1109 1892 CB
1131 1895 424 (Juneau, AK  99811-0500) SB
gr
gs 749 100 359 1942 CB
381 1945 236 (907/789-4570) SB
gr
gs 749 100 1109 1942 CB
1131 1945 236 (907/465-2841) SB
gr
231 2045 188 (ARIZONA) SB
gs 749 50 359 2142 CB
381 2145 274 (Arizona EdLink) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1109 2142 CB
1131 2145 42 (---) SB
gr
gs 749 50 359 2192 CB
381 2195 203 (John Cikalo) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1109 2192 CB
1131 2195 259 (Kathryn Kilroy) SB
gr
gs 749 50 359 2242 CB
381 2245 127 (EdLink) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1109 2242 CB
1131 2245 233 (Arizona DOE) SB
gr
gs 749 50 359 2292 CB
381 2295 363 (1900 W Thomas Ave) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1109 2292 CB
1131 2295 300 (1535 W Jefferson) SB
gr
gs 749 50 359 2342 CB
381 2345 343 (Phoenix, AZ  85015) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1109 2342 CB
1131 2345 343 (Phoenix, AZ  85007) SB
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451 289 1510 (Chapter 16: Using Supercomputers on the) SB
1068 381 276 (Internet) SB
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306 618 36 (U) SB
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342 628 109 (SING ) SB
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451 618 33 (S) SB
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484 628 368 (UPERCOMPUTERS) SB
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306 729 1621 (One of the primary purposes of many parts of the American portion of the Internet \(particularly) SB
306 779 1754 (NSFNET\) is to provide researchers easy access to supercomputing resources at a number of centralized) SB
306 829 1764 (supercomputer sites.  This chapter provides an introduction to the basic principles of supercomputer use) SB
306 879 1674 (and includes detailed site descriptions for a number of the NSF-sponsored supercomputer facilities) SB
306 929 531 (accessible through the Internet.) SB
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306 1076 33 (S) SB
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339 1086 368 (UPERCOMPUTERS) SB
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707 1076 70 (: G) SB
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777 1086 260 (ROWTH AND ) SB
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1037 1076 31 (F) SB
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1068 1086 138 (UTURE) SB
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306 1187 1800 (One of the most amazing phenomena of recent times has been the growth of the computer industry from a) SB
306 1237 1732 (laboratory curiosity at the end of World War II to a major player in the economies of the world today,) SB
306 1287 1736 (followed by rapid penetration into nearly all areas of life.  The growth has been accomplished through) SB
306 1337 1613 (extraordinary reductions in size and cost, and improvements in speed, reliability, and usability.) SB
306 1437 1780 (Not long ago a new class of computers has emerged: supercomputers.  By one definition supercomputers) SB
306 1487 1795 (are "At any given time, that class of general-purpose computers that are both faster than their commercial) SB
306 1537 1738 (competitors and have sufficient central memory to store the problem sets for which they are designed") SB
306 1587 1756 ([1].  By this definition, it might appear that supercomputers have been with us from the start, and differ) SB
306 1637 1777 (only quantitatively from other computers.  In fact, supercomputers are qualitatively different in that they) SB
306 1687 1519 (employ different architectures which result in major differences in programming and use.) SB
306 1787 1729 (According to the report "A National Computing Initiative" [2] the American research community will) SB
306 1837 1643 (require a thousand-fold increase in computational power over the next few years.  This growth is) SB
306 1887 1180 (propelled by factors which are likely to exist for a long time to come.) SB
306 1987 1718 (One reason is the dramatic change in international economic competition.  Since World War II many) SB
306 2037 1776 (countries, especially in Eastern Asia, have entered into the economic mainstream armed with a powerful) SB
306 2087 1792 (combination of Western technology and indigenous cultural backgrounds.  These countries are redefining) SB
306 2137 1613 (many economic and industrial roles and are putting severe pressure on the American economy.) SB
306 2187 1777 (Technological innovation, especially in leading-edge fields such as computers, is viewed as a major way) SB
306 2237 531 (to help our competitive stature.) SB
306 2337 1740 (Another reason is that computers are assuming new roles.  Computation is now recognized as the third) SB
306 2387 1348 (mode of science, co- equal with theory and laboratory research [2].  Simulation) SB
1654 2387 387 ( of complex real world) SB
306 2437 1780 (phenomena is increasingly possible and indeed necessary for future advance: investigations of very large) SB
306 2487 1798 (\(galaxies\), very small \(electron orbits\), very fast, very slow, very complex, dangerous, or highly energetic) SB
306 2537 1767 (phenomena are often possible only through simulation.  Computers can also provide "impossible views") SB
306 2587 1153 (of objects under conditions which can never be obtained physically.) SB
306 2687 1747 (Finally, human activities are causing changes in the natural world: developments such as pollution, the) SB
306 2737 1767 (destruction of rain forests, ozone depletion, and the greenhouse effect, require extensive monitoring and) SB
306 2787 1737 (modelling which would be impossible without the computational and data management capabilities of) SB
306 2837 278 (supercomputers.) SB
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1170 2976 936 (Chapter 16: Using Supercomputers on the Internet) SB
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306 334 33 (S) SB
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339 344 368 (UPERCOMPUTERS) SB
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707 334 70 (--A) SB
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306 445 1776 (The enormous progress in computer hardware will result in a "desk-top-CRAY" in the near future.  With) SB
306 495 1712 (such powerful personal computers will we still need supercomputers?  The answer appears to be yes.) SB
306 545 1798 (However powerful PC's become, there will always be problems which strain the leading edge of whatever) SB
306 595 1751 (computational powers we develop.  The objects of study of disciplines such as mathematics \(especially) SB
306 645 1712 (combinatorial problems\), and the physical, biological and social sciences are infinitely complex, and) SB
306 695 1771 (computer simulations can never exhaust analytical possibilities.  Many simulations today scrape by with) SB
306 745 1778 (the coarsest possible resolution in the hope that important details are not neglected.  Increased resolution) SB
306 795 1761 (can come only at great computational cost: for example, a ten-fold increase in spatial resolution in each) SB
306 845 1751 (of 3 dimensions translates into a thousand-fold increase in computational operations.  Naturally, many-) SB
306 895 1577 (dimensional problems would require much greater increases.  The combined requirements of) SB
306 945 1729 (computational power, data storage, and data flow should insure the continued need for supercomputer) SB
306 995 86 (sites.) SB
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306 1142 33 (S) SB
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306 1253 1593 (By their very nature, supercomputers are expensive and require extensive hardware, software,) SB
306 1303 1720 (documentation, and personnel support in order to function.  Vast computational performance must be) SB
306 1353 1798 (matched by massive data storage capacities, large data flows, high resolution output devices, an extensive) SB
306 1403 1717 (communications interface, as well as a wealth of software applications, libraries, documentation, and) SB
306 1453 304 (expert consulting.) SB
306 1553 1720 (A number of supercomputer sites are currently promoted as national research centers.  They are focal) SB
306 1603 1776 (points for the collection and distribution of software, documentation, and extensive sets of examples; for) SB
306 1653 1577 (training programs, seminars, and symposiums for high-performance graphics laboratories for) SB
306 1703 1797 (visualization; and communication facilities in the form of e-mail, lists, and bulletin boards for specialized) SB
306 1753 206 (user groups.) SB
306 1853 1799 (The wealth of different services available at supercomputer sites implies that you should shop carefully in) SB
306 1903 1627 (order to locate a site which best matches your needs.  The types of software \(editors, languages,) SB
306 1953 1752 (packages, and operating systems\), hardware \(memory size and structure, vector and parallel hardware\),) SB
306 2003 1797 (and services \(graphic output, type of consulting\) affect the appropriateness of a site to your intended uses.) SB
306 2053 1725 (For example, some systems couple high performance vectorization with somewhat limited memories,) SB
306 2103 1745 (others feature very large memories with limited vectorization capabilities, whereas others specialize in) SB
306 2153 463 (massively parallel systems.) SB
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306 2300 31 (T) SB
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337 2310 67 (HE ) SB
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404 2300 150 (NSF B) SB
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554 2310 203 (ACKBONE) SB
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306 2411 1763 (Supercomputers were born in the U.S. but were generally unavailable to university scientists because of) SB
306 2461 1627 (their high costs.  Some American scientists actually went to Europe to obtain time on U.S.-built) SB
306 2511 1573 (supercomputers.  Recognizing the importance of computing access, the NSF established five) SB
306 2561 1729 (supercomputer centers across the nation in 1984.  Time on these machines is obtained mainly through) SB
306 2611 982 (several grant mechanisms and is otherwise free of charge.) SB
306 2711 1716 (The NSF also helped establish a communications network, called the NSF backbone, which connects) SB
306 2761 849 (these centers and links them to regional networks.) SB
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1170 2976 936 (Chapter 16: Using Supercomputers on the Internet) SB
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306 287 1789 (Originally, the centers were deliberately designed to differ from one another in order to make make more) SB
306 337 1671 (options available to researchers, and to test out a variety of novel machine architectures, operating) SB
306 387 1800 (systems, and support strategies under real-life conditions. Recently, however, the systems have converged) SB
306 437 554 (around several models of CRAY) SB
860 437 399 ( computers, IBM 3090s) SB
1259 437 752 (, and the new massively parallel Connection) SB
306 487 164 (Machines) SB
470 487 681 (, mostly running slight variants of Unix.) SB
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306 634 33 (S) SB
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339 644 352 (UPERCOMPUTER ) SB
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691 634 36 (H) SB
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727 644 210 (ARDWARE) SB
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306 745 1796 (Supercomputers are not just big, fast machines that use state-of the-art hardware; they also feature special) SB
306 795 1699 (architectures.  While these architectures can greatly boost performance, their full power can only be) SB
306 845 1590 (exploited under certain conditions and often require that the program and/or problem itself be) SB
306 895 1283 (restructured by someone who understands how these architectures function.) SB
306 995 1701 (The most common supercomputer architectures include special memory organization, such as cache) SB
306 1045 459 (memories in the IBM 3090) SB
765 1045 786 (, or independent memory banks in the CRAYs) SB
1551 1045 502 (, vector hardware \(also called) SB
306 1095 1725 (pipeline hardware\) present in nearly all supercomputers, and parallel hardware, usually in the form of) SB
306 1145 1721 (multiple processors.  All of these features have recently started to appear on non-supercomputers, but) SB
306 1195 1420 (their implementation and support are especially well developed on supercomputers.) SB
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306 1342 359 (Cache Memories) SB
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306 1456 1774 (For a given price, memory can either be big and slow or small and fast.  A cache is a small and very fast) SB
306 1506 1761 (memory which serves as a buffer to a large slow memory; therefore, cache memories can, under certain) SB
306 1556 1466 (conditions, improve overall performance by reducing the time to access main memory) SB
1772 1556 332 (.  When an operand) SB
306 1606 1769 (is fetched from main memory, both it and a number of its nearest neighbors are placed in the high speed) SB
306 1656 1777 (cache. If the next reference is to a neighbor, it will be taken from the cache instead of the main memory.) SB
306 1706 1793 (If memory usage in the program tends to be highly clustered, then the program operates mainly out of the) SB
306 1756 1749 (cache and performance increases greatly.  On the other hand, if memory usage is highly scattered, then) SB
306 1806 909 (the cache memory can actually degrade performance.) SB
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306 1953 612 (Independent Memory Banks) SB
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306 2067 1435 (Independent memory banks are another way of speeding memory access and storage) SB
1741 2067 306 (.  A reference to a) SB
306 2117 1721 (given bank of memory cells ties up the bank for a number of machine cycles, and no further access is) SB
306 2167 1722 (possible until the bank is free.  Some computers arrange memory into a number \(64 on the CRAY\) of) SB
306 2217 1775 (independent banks so that most memory references address different banks and do not interfere with one) SB
306 2267 138 (another.) SB
306 2367 1718 (Typically the banks are arranged so that adjacent words, such as X\(1\), X\(2\), X\(3\),  reside in different) SB
306 2417 98 (banks) SB
404 2417 406 (.  For example, the loop) SB
456 2517 224 (DO 10 I=1,N) SB
306 2617 1749 (runs faster with an independent memory bank architecture since the storage times for X\(1\), X\(2\), X\(3\),) SB
306 2667 1788 (X\(4\) etc., are overlapped. However, array structures or patterns of array access which are discordant with) SB
306 2717 1781 (the memory architecture can defeat the architecture and slow execution considerably.  For example, on a) SB
306 2767 628 (64 bank memory the following code:) SB
531 2867 398 (DIMENSION X\(64,50\)) SB
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1170 2976 936 (Chapter 16: Using Supercomputers on the Internet) SB
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531 287 260 (DO 10 J = 1,50) SB
456 337 42 (10) SB
531 337 205 (X\(1,J\) = 0.0) SB
306 437 1708 (would nail the same bank each and every time through the "J" loop, since X\(1,1\), X\(1,2\), X\(1,3\) etc.) SB
306 487 1768 (reside in the same bank.  In this case the problem can easily be solved by redimensioning X as X\(65,50\)) SB
306 537 651 (in order to change the memory layout.) SB
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306 684 376 (Vector Hardware) SB
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306 798 1665 (Vector hardware is currently the most widespread and mature of the special architectures found in) SB
306 848 267 (supercomputers) SB
573 848 1399 (.  Vector units consist of CPU components such as add or multiply units which are) SB
306 898 1656 (divided into a number of sequential stages or segments.  The units typically accept two vectors of) SB
306 948 1797 (numbers which proceed through the segments and emerge out the other end as a vector of results. As long) SB
306 998 1669 (as the vectors continue to flow, the process is efficient, and speedups by a factor of 5 or 10 are not) SB
306 1048 1716 (uncommon, but starting and stopping the units for short vectors can actually increase execution time.) SB
306 1098 1788 (Efficient vector operation often requires some restructuring of code by the programmer as well as the use) SB
306 1148 1655 (of compiler directives to monitor and control the process.  A more complete description of vector) SB
306 1198 708 (operations appears later in this document.) SB
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306 1345 399 (Parallel Hardware) SB
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306 1459 1736 (Parallel architecture distributes the processing of a single program over a number of different physical) SB
306 1509 273 (processing units) SB
579 1509 1351 (.  It offers the greatest potential for vast increases in performance of any known) SB
306 1559 1775 (architectural layout.  For example, a machine with 10,000 processors might solve some problems almost) SB
306 1609 1644 (10,000 times more quickly than a single processor machine.  However, most programs cannot be) SB
306 1659 1792 (partitioned so completely into independent units, and many difficult hardware and software issues remain) SB
306 1709 1767 (unsolved and are the subject of intense research.  At present, limited parallelism can be exploited on the) SB
306 1759 174 (IBM 3090) SB
480 1759 215 ( and CRAYs) SB
695 1759 1132 (, and massive parallelism is possible with the Connection Machine) SB
1827 1759 204 (.  The effort) SB
306 1809 1796 (needed to restructure code ranges from about the same as for vectorization to considerably more.  A more) SB
306 1859 1259 (complete description of parallel operations appears later in this document.) SB
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306 2006 767 (Impact on Debugging and Graphics) SB
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306 2120 1720 (Supercomputers are so powerful and generate such vast amounts of information that they force major) SB
306 2170 1746 (changes in both debugging techniques and in the presentation of output.  Ad hoc debugging techniques) SB
306 2220 1676 (are woefully inadequate for dealing with, say, an error in the 471,000-th iteration of a 500 variable) SB
306 2270 1775 (program operating on 18 million separate values.  Special debugging software is required which lets you) SB
306 2320 1730 (examine values, restart code at various points, observe the effects of changes in values, run controlled) SB
306 2370 290 (experiments, etc.) SB
306 2470 1696 (Similarly, traditional printed and even standard graphical output is often inadequate to represent the) SB
306 2520 1768 (millions or even billions of separate data values that can be provided by a supercomputer run.  The term) SB
306 2570 1744 ("visualization" is the latest buzzword used to describe the sets of advanced graphical techniques which) SB
306 2620 350 (address this problem) SB
656 2620 1392 (.  Visualization often involves high resolution displays, extensive use of color, 3D) SB
306 2670 1699 (representations, and extensive interactive control of the image in order to control the viewing angle,) SB
306 2720 1744 (collapse dimensions in a multi-dimensional data set, or perform image processing functions in order to) SB
306 2770 1777 (extract or highlight desired information.  Existing graphics packages are often insufficient for the task as) SB
306 2820 1568 (they emphasize the display of 2- and 3-dimensional XY, XYZ, or contour plots, whereas the) SB
306 2870 1647 (representations of complex simulated phenomena require some combination of image processing) SB
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306 287 1769 (approaches along with more standard graphic techniques. In addition, graphics place severe demands on) SB
306 337 837 (data transmission as well as real time interaction.) SB
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306 484 499 (Other Hardware Issues) SB
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306 598 1721 (Other hardware issues include memory size and use of high speed peripherals, such as the Solid State) SB
306 648 194 (Disk \(SSD\)) SB
500 648 483 (, available on some CRAYs.) SB
306 748 1631 (The hardware available at different supercomputer sites should be a major consideration in your) SB
306 798 1774 (selection.  For example, a CRAY Y-MP is extremely good for highly optimized vector operations, but is) SB
306 848 1743 (somewhat limited in terms of memory,  an IBM 3090 has an immense memory but only modest vector) SB
306 898 1471 (performance, and a Connection Machine is much superior for highly parallel problems) SB
1777 898 11 (.) SB
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306 1045 33 (S) SB
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339 1055 352 (UPERCOMPUTER ) SB
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691 1045 33 (S) SB
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724 1055 202 (OFTWARE) SB
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306 1156 1709 (Supercomputer sites are often endowed with a rich collection of applications software in the areas of) SB
306 1206 1665 (Chemistry, Physics, Engineering, Mathematics, and Graphics.  Computer languages, however, are) SB
306 1256 1738 (confined mainly to FORTRAN, Pascal, and C, and FORTRAN is the only language that is extensively) SB
306 1306 867 (optimized for vector/parallel operations at all sites.) SB
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306 1453 405 (Operating Systems) SB
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306 1567 1722 (While the early sites featured a variety of operating systems, most have converted to variants of Unix) SB
306 1617 1739 (\(UNICOS on the Crays, AIX of the IBM 3090, and Ultrix on some front ends\), and CMS which shares) SB
306 1667 992 (the 3090 with AIX.  A few sites also offer VMS font ends.) SB
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306 1814 459 (Workstation Support) SB
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306 1928 1787 (Some sites provide extensive support for Workstation and PC software to be used in conjunction with the) SB
306 1978 1774 (supercomputer or its front end.  NCSA at Illinois, for example, provides free downloadable graphics and) SB
306 2028 1013 (communications software for PCs, SUNs, and Macintoshes.) SB
306 2128 1745 (Software is probably the single most important consideration in site selection. Unfamiliar languages or) SB
306 2178 1635 (editors can greatly increase learning time; programs, data files, and data formats may have to be) SB
306 2228 1677 (restructured to move to a particular environment, and future portability must be kept in mind; non-) SB
306 2278 1683 (FORTRAN programs may have to be rewritten or run in a non- or sub- optimized mode; and major) SB
306 2328 1752 (applications programs, libraries, or graphics libraries may be unavailable or at different revision levels.) SB
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306 2475 33 (S) SB
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339 2485 352 (UPERCOMPUTER ) SB
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691 2475 33 (P) SB
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724 2485 298 (ERFORMANCE ) SB
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1022 2475 39 (G) SB
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1061 2485 96 (AINS) SB
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306 2586 1776 (Despite the many "fringe" benefits of supercomputer sites, such as access to software, training, graphics,) SB
306 2636 1796 (and collaborative research, the main purpose in using supercomputers is to exploit their size and speed  in) SB
306 2686 1797 (order to handle otherwise intractable problems.  The performance of supercomputers is due mainly to two) SB
306 2736 127 (factors:) SB
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456 292 32 (o) SB
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531 288 1388 (Supercomputers are generally big, fast machines which employ high performance) SB
531 338 1191 (technology.  As a result, all computer programs automatically benefit.) SB
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456 443 32 (o) SB
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531 439 1551 (Hardware architectures, such as cache memory, independent banks, instruction stacks, high) SB
531 489 1571 (speed I/O, vector, and parallel operations which, although not unique to supercomputers, are) SB
531 539 1519 (usually more highly developed.  The exploitation of these features is partly automatic but) SB
531 589 1174 (can also benefit significantly from modifications by the programmer.) SB
306 689 1730 (Vector and parallel architectures are most often emphasized in optimization, but attention to the other) SB
306 739 1748 (architectures mentioned above can bring about major performance gains as well.  One should also note) SB
306 789 1784 (that \(a\) extensive optimization should only be done in conjunction with special timing tools which locate) SB
306 839 1739 (those portions of the program which can benefit most, and \(b\) optimization should only be carried to a) SB
306 889 1750 (certain degree--smarter compilers in the near future will be able to optimize well structured code much) SB
306 939 1463 (better than the "spaghetti" code that often results from overzealous hand optimization.) SB
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306 1086 33 (P) SB
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339 1096 298 (ERFORMANCE ) SB
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637 1086 39 (G) SB
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676 1096 107 (AINS ) SB
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783 1086 31 (T) SB
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814 1096 189 (HROUGH ) SB
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1003 1086 33 (S) SB
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1036 1096 249 (PECIALIZED ) SB
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1285 1086 36 (H) SB
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1321 1096 210 (ARDWARE) SB
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306 1197 1777 (The most significant performance gains are obtainable through vector processing and parallel processing) SB
306 1247 168 (hardware.) SB
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306 1394 384 (Vector Processing) SB
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306 1508 306 (Vector processing) SB
612 1508 1451 ( can best be explained through analogy.  Imagine a factory which assembles 6-bladed) SB
306 1558 1742 (airplane propellers.  It has 6 people, p1,p2,...,p6, at 6 workstations who attach each blade in turn to the) SB
306 1608 1731 (hub.  Person p1 receives a tray with the parts and assembles the first blade to the hub.  When done, he) SB
306 1658 1796 (passes the tray along with his partial assembly to p2.  P2 attaches the 2nd blade and when done passes the) SB
306 1708 778 (tray and his partial assembly to p3, and so on.) SB
306 1808 1720 (Of course, when p1 has passed his partial assembly to p2 he does not just quit for the day.  Instead he) SB
306 1858 1721 (immediately gets a new tray and starts a new assembly. Similarly, p2 no sooner finishes his assembly) SB
306 1908 1595 (when he gets the tray and the partial assembly from p1 and begins attaching the second blade.) SB
306 2008 1793 (After 6 time periods, the above pipeline is filled with 6 different stages of assembly.  The important point) SB
306 2058 1782 (to note is that while it still takes 6 time periods to assemble any given propeller, a new finished propeller) SB
306 2108 1699 (emerges from the assembly pipeline each and every time period.  We have speeded up the assembly) SB
306 2158 1650 (process by a factor of 6 by using 6 people in a quasi-parallel manner.  Note that even if a product) SB
306 2208 1746 (required 10,000 stages to assemble, the products would still emerge at the rate of 1 per time period.  In) SB
306 2258 1741 (other words, production speed is independent of the complexity or length of the assembly process.  On) SB
306 2308 1731 (the other hand, if the pipeline is interrupted for any reason, a very long pipeline \(or assembly process\)) SB
306 2358 825 (will take much longer to restart than a short one.) SB
306 2458 1692 (In supercomputers, the vector or pipeline process is usually applied to arithmetic units, such as add,) SB
306 2508 1562 (multiply, or divide units which "assemble" new numbers from the vectors of input numbers.) SB
306 2608 1423 (For example, a multiply unit on the CRAY contains 7 stages.  The FORTRAN code) SB
531 2708 258 (DO 10 I = 1,60) SB
456 2758 42 (10) SB
531 2758 279 (C\(I\) = A\(I\)*B\(I\)) SB
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306 287 1722 (is converted to vector instructions which start loading the vectors A\(1\), A\(2\),... and B\(1\), B\(2\),... into) SB
306 337 1723 (special vector registers.  As soon as the first pair is available, A\(1\) and B\(1\) enter the multiply unit to) SB
306 387 641 (begin the first stage of multiplication.) SB
306 487 1684 (At the end of one clock cycle, the partial multiplication of A\(1\)*B\(1\) moves to the 2nd stage in the) SB
306 537 1697 (multiply unit, and A\(2\), B\(2\) enter stage 1; at the end of the 2nd cycle, A\(1\)*B\(1\) moves to stage 3,) SB
306 587 1796 (A\(2\)*B\(2\) moves to stage 2, and A\(3\), B\(3\) enter stage 1.  This process continues and at cycle 7 all seven) SB
306 637 1791 (stages are being utilized, the fully multiplied value of A\(1\)*B\(1\) emerges and is stored in C\(1\), and A\(8\),) SB
306 687 1778 (B\(8\) get ready to enter stage 1.  From then on, a new multiply is finished every clock cycle, even though) SB
306 737 1764 (it takes 7 cycles to complete one multiply.  We have increased the speed almost by a factor of 7 \(except) SB
306 787 450 (for initiating the pipeline\).) SB
306 887 1755 (Vectorization only applies to explicit DO-loops in FORTRAN and their equivalents in other languages.) SB
306 937 1738 (Only one loop within a nest of loops can be vectorized, but the software automatically selects the loop) SB
306 987 1151 (unless that choice is overridden by directives from the programmer.) SB
306 1087 1766 (There exist many obstacles to vectorization, some of which are easily overcome \(for example, changing) SB
306 1137 1682 (the order of statements\), some which require use of compiler directives to modify the vectorization) SB
306 1187 1774 (process, and some which require major restructuring of the code. On high performance vector machines,) SB
306 1237 1767 (such as the CRAY, speedups of a factor of 5 or 10 for that portion of the code that can be vectorized are) SB
306 1287 266 (not uncommon.) SB
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306 1434 407 (Parallel Processing) SB
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306 1548 622 (The basic idea of parallel processing) SB
928 1548 944 ( is easier to grasp than vector processing, but the usage,) SB
306 1598 1723 (implementation, and many of the concepts are more difficult.  On the other hand, the rewards may be) SB
306 1648 1758 (much greater since the potential speedup is proportional to the number of processors available, whereas) SB
306 1698 1018 (vector speedup can never be much more than a factor of 10.) SB
306 1798 1768 (Parallel systems distribute the work of a program or subroutine among a number of processors.  In some) SB
306 1848 798 (implementations, such as CRAY Macrotasking) SB
1104 1848 974 (, the number and operation of parallel processors must be) SB
306 1898 1770 (predetermined; in other implementations, such as CRAY Microtasking, the number, identity, or order of) SB
306 1948 1735 (execution of the processors is unknown and variable \(this has many consequences which influence the) SB
306 1998 1713 (structure of a parallel program and hence the modifications needed to convert an existing program to) SB
306 2048 1451 (parallel operation\).  Most of the following discussion applies to CRAY Microtasking.) SB
306 2148 1744 (Some of the concepts of parallel processing are illustrated by the execution profile of subroutine ABC:) SB
456 2248 362 (SUBROUTINE ABC) SB
531 2348 189 (\(Block B1\)) SB
906 2348 720 (a block of code executed by one processor) SB
531 2398 189 (\(Block B2\)) SB
906 2398 649 (another block executed by a processor) SB
531 2448 189 (\(Block B3\)) SB
906 2448 649 (another block executed by a processor) SB
456 2548 168 (RETURN) SB
456 2598 86 (END) SB
306 2698 1645 (The subroutine is entered at the top under the control of a single processor, after which control is) SB
306 2748 1759 (transferred to one, two, or three other processors for blocks B1, B2, and B3.  When all of the blocks are) SB
306 2798 1780 (finished, control is returned to a single processor which terminates the subroutine.  The execution profile) SB
306 2848 344 (might look like this:) SB
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306 587 1644 (where "x" means the processor is idle or engaged with another program.  The profile is generally) SB
306 637 1791 (unpredictable and the actual number and identity of processors depends on many factors.  Because of this) SB
306 687 1179 (unpredictability, the parallel operation is often referred to as a "fray.") SB
306 787 864 (A DO-loop is a special case of the above structure:) SB
531 887 362 (SUBROUTINE ABC) SB
531 987 955 (DO 10 I = 1,3 \(the i-th iteration of the loop is block B\(i\)) SB
456 1087 42 (10) SB
531 1087 214 (CONTINUE) SB
531 1187 168 (RETURN) SB
531 1237 86 (END) SB
306 1337 1300 (in which some iterations of the loop may be handled by different processors.) SB
306 1437 1792 (Some obvious and not-so-obvious consequences derive from such an implementation.  The different code) SB
306 1487 1753 (blocks must be totally independent of the sequence in which they are processed:  Block 3, for example,) SB
306 1537 1798 (cannot depend on the results of, say, Block 1.  It is less obvious that local variables assigned values inside) SB
306 1587 1655 (a block can have no validity outside the block, that values associated with loop iterations must be) SB
306 1637 1778 (explicitly tied to the loop index, and that global variables which are not indexed by a loop index must be) SB
306 1687 1319 ("guarded" from simultaneous access.  Consider the following section of code:) SB
531 1787 97 (K = 0) SB
531 1837 311 (DO 10 I = 1, 1000) SB
531 1887 173 (K = K + 1) SB
456 1987 42 (10) SB
531 1987 214 (CONTINUE) SB
306 2087 1737 (The operation of the above loop depends on whether K is local or global.  Local variables in a parallel) SB
306 2137 1775 (block of code are replicated for each processor that joins in the "fray" whereas global variables occupy a) SB
306 2187 867 (single location which is accessed by all processors.) SB
306 2287 1728 (Suppose that K is a local variable and the 1000 iterations of the loop are randomly distributed among,) SB
306 2337 1774 (say, 64 processors.  Then processor 17 might handle 23 iterations of the loop, processor 39 might handle) SB
306 2387 1794 (11 iterations, and so on.  At the end of the loop, if control is assigned solely to processor 17 then K=23, if) SB
306 2437 1674 (assigned to processor 39 then K=11, whereas in a non-parallel environment K always equals 1000.) SB
306 2537 1756 (Inside the loop, if K is used as a substitute for the loop index, then its value depends only on how many) SB
306 2587 1718 (times that processor has handled the loop, and so will generally have little relation to the value of the) SB
306 2637 1680 (loop index itself.  Thus A\(K\) rarely is the same as A\(I\), whereas in a non-parallel environment it is) SB
306 2687 176 (always so.) SB
306 2787 1789 (If K is a global variable then it must be guarded from simultaneous access by more than 1 processor.  For) SB
306 2837 1755 (example, suppose that K=0 and processors 13 and 19 begin execution of RK=K+1S at slightly different) SB
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306 287 1771 (times.  If 19 accesses the expression before 13 has finished, then K will be reset to 1 instead of being set) SB
306 337 331 (to 2 as it should be.) SB
306 437 1794 (This type of code is called a "critical section" and must be guarded by explicit directives which guarantee) SB
306 487 1662 (that another processor can only enter that section of code when the current processor has finished.) SB
306 587 1725 (Parallel and vector processing are quite compatible and can be used not only in the same program but) SB
306 637 1716 (often in the same nest of loops.  For example, some compilers analyze a DO-loop nest and select one) SB
306 687 1797 (loop for vectorization and another for parallel processing.  On the CRAY, a single loop can be partitioned) SB
306 737 694 (into vectorized and parallelized sections.) SB
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306 884 14 (I) SB
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320 894 386 (NTERACTION WITH ) SB
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706 884 39 (O) SB
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745 894 212 (PTIMIZING ) SB
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957 884 36 (C) SB
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993 894 209 (OMPILERS) SB
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306 995 1753 (The goal of an optimizing compiler is to speed the execution of a program without changing the results) SB
2059 995 11 (.) SB
306 1045 1739 (It scans the user's source code and identifies structures which can utilize the special hardware found in) SB
306 1095 1701 (supercomputers.  Since the conditions under which these structures can be safely optimized are very) SB
306 1145 1761 (limited, it must analyze much of the surrounding code to determine if, and to what degree, the code can) SB
306 1195 232 (be optimized.) SB
306 1295 1622 (The compiler is subject to several important constraints which limit its effectiveness.  Since the) SB
306 1345 1796 (optimization is done at compile time it can have no knowledge of the run-time structure of the job.  Thus,) SB
306 1395 1696 (input data values which may change the flow of execution and the degree of optimization cannot be) SB
306 1445 1673 (considered,  so the compiler has to assume the worst case and do the least amount of optimization.) SB
306 1495 1750 (Another constraint is that optimization is often limited to the scope of a single routine, and interactions) SB
306 1545 1636 (between routines which might affect optimization cannot be taken into account.  In addition, the) SB
306 1595 1758 (technology of optimizing compilers is continually advancing, and any given compiler may be unable to) SB
306 1645 797 (optimize code which later versions can handle.) SB
306 1745 1708 (Because of these limitations it is often necessary for the programmer to supply auxiliary information) SB
306 1795 1776 (which eliminates ambiguity and resolves problems which the compiler cannot handle.  This is especially) SB
306 1845 1728 (important in parallel processing, but is also often required in vectorization.  The programmer supplies) SB
306 1895 1763 (global directives on the compile statement or embeds local directives in the source code, or both, which) SB
306 1945 1741 (guide the optimization process.  For example, the following loop would be rejected by any vectorizing) SB
306 1995 986 (FORTRAN because of a "recurrence" relation in the loop:) SB
531 2095 176 (K = IVAL) SB
531 2145 246 (DO 10 I = 1,N) SB
456 2195 42 (10) SB
531 2195 333 (A\(I\) = A\(I-K\) + 1.0) SB
306 2295 1759 (While "recurrence" and other inhibitors of vectorization are beyond the scope of this report \(see [4] and) SB
306 2345 1768 ([5] for more information\), the above code can be vectorized on a CRAY provided that \(a\) K is negative,) SB
306 2395 1753 (or \(b\) K is greater than 64.  If the programmer knows this he can insert compiler directives which force) SB
306 2445 696 (the compiler to vectorize.  Thus the code) SB
456 2545 255 (CDIR$ IVDEP) SB
1056 2545 500 (\("ignore vector dependency"\)) SB
531 2595 246 (DO 10 I = 1,N) SB
456 2645 42 (10) SB
531 2645 333 (A\(I\) = A\(I-K\) + 1.0) SB
306 2745 1796 (in effect, tells the compiler that "I know more than you, so forget your inhibitions and vectorize anyway.") SB
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306 287 1695 (Parallel optimization usually requires more embedded directives than vectorization.  It is frequently) SB
306 337 1785 (necessary to explicitly prevent multiple processors from accessing code until all processors have finished) SB
306 387 1468 (operating on a previous section.  For example, the CRAY compiler directives \(see [6]\)) SB
456 487 380 (CMIC$ DO GLOBAL) SB
606 537 248 (DO 10 J = 1,N) SB
1206 587 603 (\(operation on the J-th column of A\)) SB
456 637 42 (10) SB
606 637 214 (CONTINUE) SB
456 687 128 (CMIC$) SB
606 687 241 (DO GLOBAL) SB
456 737 253 (DO 20 I = 1,M) SB
1206 787 539 (\(operation on the I-th row of A\)) SB
456 837 42 (20) SB
606 837 214 (CONTINUE) SB
306 937 1744 (would distribute the operations of the N columns of A and the M rows of A to different processors, but) SB
306 987 1787 (would assure that all columns were finished before any rows were processed.  The directives are signaled) SB
306 1037 1705 (by "CMIC$" \(for Microtasking\) in columns 1-5 and apply to the next DO-loop.  Thus the start of the) SB
306 1087 1644 (second "CMIC$" terminates the first "CMIC$" and tells the compiler that the two loops are to be) SB
306 1137 387 (processed in sequence.) SB
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306 1284 42 (M) SB
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348 1294 206 (IGRATING ) SB
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554 1284 33 (P) SB
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587 1294 259 (ROGRAM TO ) SB
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846 1284 33 (S) SB
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879 1294 368 (UPERCOMPUTERS) SB
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306 1395 1691 (The main point in using supercomputers is to achieve dramatic increases in processing speeds.  The) SB
306 1445 1790 (increases are partially due to the fact that supercomputers are simply big and fast computers, but much of) SB
306 1495 1774 (the increase comes from the special architectures that supercomputers employ.  Achieving a high degree) SB
306 1545 1797 (of optimization on supercomputers requires a well thought-out strategy as well as realistic expectations as) SB
306 1595 555 (to what can actually be achieved) SB
861 1595 11 (.) SB
306 1695 1752 (The maximum gains that can be obtained through parallel processing or vectorization are controlled by) SB
306 1745 1779 ("Amdahl's" law [1]:  P = 1/\(1-X+X/a\) where P is the performance gain,  X is that ratio of the code which) SB
306 1795 1762 (can be optimized \(vectorized or processed in parallel\), and "a" is the speedup ratio for vector or parallel) SB
306 1845 80 (code) SB
386 1845 1717 (.  The important part of the law is that the performance is much more controlled by X, the proportion) SB
306 1895 1748 (of the code that can be optimized, than by "a."  For example, suppose that X = 0.80, so that 80% of the) SB
306 1945 1790 (code can be vectorized or processed in parallel.  Then the absolute maximum speedup possible is a factor) SB
306 1995 1760 (of 5, even if vector or parallel operations are infinitely fast \(that is, even if "a" is infinity, then P = 1/\(1-) SB
306 2045 566 (0.8 + 0.8/infinity\) = 1/\(0.2\) = 5 \).) SB
306 2145 1796 (Note that it is rare for X to exceed 0.8 \(factor of 5 speedup\) for vector processing applications, whereas X) SB
306 2195 1409 (may often exceed 0.99 \(factor of 100 speedup\) for parallel processing applications.) SB
306 2295 1693 (The first step in migrating code to a supercomputer \(after making any adjustments to insure that the) SB
306 2345 1644 (FORTRAN code will actually compile and run\), is to instrument the program in order to identify) SB
306 2395 1763 ("hotspots," that is, code which is extremely CPU intensive.  A good candidate program for optimization) SB
306 2445 1780 (should have an execution profile such that nearly all of the CPU time is spent in just a few percent of the) SB
306 2495 1735 (code \(if the execution profile is fairly uniform, then hand optimization may be a waste of time\).  Most) SB
306 2545 1644 (supercomputer sites provide easily used compiler directives or other tools which will show you a) SB
306 2595 835 (histogram of CPU time spent versus source code.) SB
306 2695 1735 (If the program has identifiable hotspots, the next step is to read and understand the compiler messages) SB
306 2745 1705 (which identify obstacles to optimization.  For example, the IBM 3090 compiler provides an in depth) SB
306 2795 1744 (analysis of each loop, which identifies not only the obstacles to vectorization, but also the results of an) SB
306 2845 1458 ("economic" analysis to determine which loop in a nest of loops yields the best results.) SB
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306 287 1744 (At this point you should analyze the loops highlighted by the compiler to see if any can be replaced by) SB
306 337 1689 (routines from existing optimized libraries, such as the ESSL routines on the IBM 3090.  Many such) SB
306 387 1775 (routines are coded in assembly language and are optimized to a very high degree.  After this, you should) SB
306 437 1773 (attempt to remove inhibitors to optimization by making local modifications to loops.  In many cases this) SB
306 487 1800 (can be done simply by reordering statements, splitting loops, or adding compiler directives.  For example,) SB
306 537 1705 (the loops on the left will not vectorize, while the loops on the right \(which produce exactly the same) SB
306 587 213 (results\) will:) SB
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306 1087 1749 (In the above examples, a "recurrence" relation existed which prevented vectorization.  In the following) SB
306 1137 1743 (example, the recurrence relation could not be avoided for one expression, but by splitting the loop into) SB
306 1187 1157 (two parts, one of the two expressions on the right can be vectorized:) SB
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306 1487 1737 (When these steps have been taken, further optimization can be achieved by paying careful attention to) SB
306 1537 1756 (memory layout or by restructuring the program to obtain the best match between program structure and) SB
306 1587 1719 (the architecture of the machine.  The latter is, of course, a very time consuming operation and should) SB
306 1637 1224 (only be undertaken when the benefits and the costs are fully considered.) SB
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306 1784 36 (A) SB
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342 1794 322 (DMINISTRATIVE ) SB
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700 1794 139 (CCESS) SB
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306 1895 1766 (Resources on all of the NSF sites and some of the other sites are mainly allocated on the basis of grants,) SB
306 1945 1209 (rather than by money. Three main grant types are commonly available:) SB
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456 2050 32 (o) SB
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531 2046 1533 (Large allocations which are subject to formal peer review boards which meet at scheduled) SB
531 2096 1574 (times during the year.  These boards are comprised of personnel which may be from the site,) SB
531 2146 669 (jointly from several sites, or from NSF.) SB
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456 2251 32 (o) SB
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531 2247 1546 (Small allocations for startup or familiarization purposes. These are usually available at any) SB
531 2297 397 (time throughout a year.) SB
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456 2402 32 (o) SB
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531 2398 1551 (Block grants awarded to Universities.  The Universities allocate sub blocks of time through) SB
531 2448 421 (their own review boards.) SB
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306 2595 33 (S) SB
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339 2605 352 (UPERCOMPUTER ) SB
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691 2595 39 (G) SB
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730 2605 194 (LOSSARY) SB
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306 2706 1785 (The following glossary defines some of the terms used in this report.  A much more complete glossary of) SB
306 2756 780 (supercomputer terms appears in reference [1].) SB
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1170 2976 936 (Chapter 16: Using Supercomputers on the Internet) SB
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306 287 107 (CGM:) SB
681 287 1398 (an acronym for Computer Graphics Metafile.  It is a GKS standard metafile which) SB
681 337 1302 (contains generalized plot instructions which can then be converted to drive a) SB
681 387 419 (specific graphics device.) SB
306 437 230 (ETHERNET:) SB
681 437 1353 (a network scheme which uses the Carrier Sense, Multiple Access, and Collision) SB
681 487 1402 (Detect \(CSMACD\) method of attaching hosts to it.  The Ethernet can be used with) SB
681 537 941 (a number of protocols including TCP/IP and DECNET.) SB
306 587 273 (FILE SERVER:) SB
681 587 1194 (a computer system that permits network users to create or access files.) SB
306 637 84 (FTP:) SB
681 637 1330 (an acronym for File Transfer Protocol.  This is a commonly used program that) SB
681 687 1026 (reliably transfers files between two computers on a network.) SB
306 737 175 (GBYTES:) SB
681 737 509 (a billion bytes of information.) SB
306 787 95 (GKS:) SB
681 787 1377 (an acronym for Graphics Kernel System.  An internationally recognized standard) SB
681 837 731 (for creating graphic images on a computer.) SB
306 887 121 (HPGL:) SB
681 887 1398 (a plot format specifically designed for certain models of Hewlett-Packard plotters.) SB
306 937 107 (MAC:) SB
681 937 515 (short for Macintosh computer.) SB
306 987 182 (MBYTES:) SB
681 987 521 (a million bytes of information.) SB
306 1037 125 (MASS:) SB
681 1037 1282 (a mass storage facility commonly used at supercomputer sites to store large) SB
681 1087 782 (amounts of semipermanent data for each user.) SB
306 1137 220 (METAFILE:) SB
681 1137 1391 (a generic graphics file which is not designed to drive any existing graphics device) SB
681 1187 1013 (but which can be converted to any specific graphics device.) SB
306 1237 340 (MEMORY BANK: ) SB
681 1237 1410 (a region of memory in a computer which has a single access path to it.  Any access) SB
681 1287 924 (to a bank blocks all other accesses until it is complete.) SB
306 1337 174 (MFLOPS:) SB
681 1337 817 (millions of floating point operations per second.) SB
306 1387 200 (MWORDS:) SB
681 1387 480 (millions of computer words.) SB
306 1437 65 (NS:) SB
681 1437 756 (a nano-second, or one billion-th of a second.) SB
306 1487 256 (POSTSCRIPT:) SB
681 1487 1287 (a text and graphics language designed especially for "Desk Top Publishing") SB
681 1537 241 (environments.) SB
306 1587 88 (SSD:) SB
681 1587 1373 (an acronym for Solid State Disk, a very large high speed semiconductor memory) SB
681 1637 961 (that serves in place of a rotating disk, but is much faster.) SB
306 1687 172 (TELNET:) SB
681 1687 1288 (a program that permits a user at one computer to login to another computer.) SB
306 1737 59 (T1:) SB
681 1737 1322 (a telecommunications medium that allows data to be transmitted at a speed of) SB
681 1787 1319 (1.544 megabytes per second.  The NSF backbone and much of NorthWestNet) SB
681 1837 359 (operate at T1 speeds.) SB
306 1887 346 (VISUALIZATION: ) SB
681 1887 1244 (a collection of techniques which make it possible to display the results of) SB
681 1937 1410 (calculations.  It includes, but it not confined to, standard graphical displays such as) SB
681 1987 1276 (line or contour plots.  It is especially useful to compress the vast amount of) SB
681 2037 1197 (information generated by supercomputers into a comprehensible form.) SB
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306 2134 33 (S) SB
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339 2144 352 (UPERCOMPUTER ) SB
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691 2134 36 (R) SB
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727 2144 246 (EFERENCES) SB
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306 2245 1693 ([1]  "Supercomputing: An Informal Glossary of Terms," IEEE Washington Office, 1111 Nineteenth) SB
306 2295 741 (Street, NW, Washington D.C. 20036. 1987.) SB
306 2395 1777 ([2]  H.J. Raveche, Duncan H. Lawrie, Alvain Despain, "A National Computing Initiative-An Agenda for) SB
306 2445 1720 (Leadership."  Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1400 Architects Building, 117 So. 17th) SB
306 2495 761 (Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19103-5052.  1987.) SB
306 2595 1554 ([3]  Norris P. Smith, "Of Supers and Minisupers," Computer Graphics World, August 1988.) SB
306 2695 1611 ([4] Helen M. Doerr, Francesca Verdier, "Improving Vector Performance," and "Introduction to) SB
306 2745 1637 (Vectorization," Cornell National Supercomputer Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York,) SB
306 2795 287 (September 1987.) SB
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306 287 1722 ([5] David D. Soll, "Vectorization and Vector Migration Techniques," IBM Technical Bulletin, SR20-) SB
306 337 130 (4966-0.) SB
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392 289 1627 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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231 589 1923 (The following section provides detailed information about six NSF-sponsored sites which provide supercomputer) SB
231 639 1796 (services for NSF sponsored researchers.  The purpose of these site descriptions is to allow you to do some) SB
231 689 1745 (preliminary comparisons of each site's hardware, software, and training programs so you can select the) SB
231 739 1491 (supercomputer site which would be most appropriate for your particular research needs.) SB
231 839 1862 (All of the site descriptions were reviewed or contributed by representatives of each site's user services staff in) SB
231 889 1456 (September, 1991.  We'd like to thank the following individuals for their participation:) SB
381 1189 335 (Supercomputer Site) SB
1431 1189 229 (Reviewed By) SB
381 1289 694 (Cornell National Supercomputer Facility) SB
1431 1289 239 (Blaise Barney) SB
381 1339 838 (National Energy Research Supercomputer Center) SB
1431 1339 215 (Jean Schuler) SB
381 1389 566 (Pittsburgh Supercomputer Center) SB
1431 1389 177 (Deb Nigra) SB
381 1439 725 (National Center for Atmospheric Research) SB
1431 1439 208 (Juliana Rew) SB
381 1489 837 (National Center for Supercomputer Applications ) SB
1431 1489 213 (Lyle Rigdon) SB
381 1539 826 (National Center for Supercomputer Applications) SB
1431 1539 279 (Melissa Johnson) SB
381 1589 581 (San Diego Supercomputer Center ) SB
1431 1589 249 (Mark Sheddon) SB
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1341 2976 840 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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231 334 1410 (CORNELL NATIONAL SUPERCOMPUTER FACILITY \(CNSF\)) SB
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231 492 452 (Computer Hardware) SB
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456 607 906 (Two IBM ES/3090 600J, with 6 vector facilities each) SB
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381 662 32 (o) SB
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456 658 537 (512 Mbytes main memory each) SB
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381 713 32 (o) SB
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456 709 517 (827.6 Mflops maximum speed) SB
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381 764 32 (o) SB
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456 760 453 (266 Gbytes of disk storage) SB
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456 811 984 (896 MBytes of memory available to each user application) SB
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381 866 32 (o) SB
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456 862 769 (Both vector and parallel processing hardware) SB
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381 917 32 (o) SB
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456 913 323 (2 Sun workstations) SB
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456 964 543 (Stellar Graphics Supercomputer) SB
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381 1019 32 (o) SB
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456 1015 636 (Graphics hubs across Cornell campus) SB
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231 1162 192 (Software) SB
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381 1281 32 (o) SB
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456 1277 1127 (AIX operating system for both 3090s \(CMS still available as well\)) SB
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381 1332 32 (o) SB
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456 1328 1467 (Software support for vectorization, including vectorizing compiler and vector libraries) SB
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456 1430 313 (Editor: IBM Xedit) SB
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456 1481 869 (Text Processors: SCRIPT/VS \(includes MFF\), TeX) SB
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381 1536 32 (o) SB
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456 1532 930 (FORTRAN: VS FORTRAN,  PTOOL FORTRAN aids) SB
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456 1583 1648 (Other languages: Assembler, C, EXEC, EXEC2, LISP, PASCAL, PL/I, PROLOG, REXX, APL2) SB
456 1633 205 (\(vectorized\)) SB
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381 1688 32 (o) SB
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456 1684 1106 (PUBLIC: public domain user contributed and supported software) SB
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231 1784 192 (Chemistry) SB
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381 1939 305 (DISCOVER 2.5.1) SB
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831 1939 169 (GAMESS) SB
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381 1990 183 (KGNMOL) SB
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456 2464 1723 (An extensive graphics lab with high speed fiber optic links, an image processing system, facilities for) SB
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1341 2976 840 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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1702 607 377 (; Connection Machine) SB
456 657 1411 (Model 2 \(CM-2\) with 32,000 parallel processors and 32 bit floating point hardware) SB
1867 657 256 (; Convex C240) SB
456 707 1002 (system \(used for memory intensive real-time visualization\)) SB
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456 758 1625 (64 Mwords of main memory for the Y-MP; 128 Mwords of main memory for the CRAY-2; 256) SB
456 808 1309 (MByte main memory for CM-2; 1 Gbyte of physical memory for the Convex) SB
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456 859 1654 (A maximum of 6.5 Mwords of main memory per user on the X-MP \(see HELP MEMORY on the) SB
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456 1113 1264 (16 Gbytes temporary storage for Crays; 10 GByte DataVault for the CM-2) SB
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456 1215 1118 (Potentially unlimited magnetic tape storage through an IBM 3480) SB
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456 1266 984 (Plans for significant increases in mass storage capabilities) SB
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456 1317 1713 (Three IBM RISC System 6000 model 550's \(high-end superscalar machines for predominantly scalar) SB
456 1367 1720 (applications\); there will be a total six of 550's and one RS/6000 model 950 Front-end / File Server by) SB
456 1417 276 (the end of 1991.) SB
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456 1468 968 (Three Sun 4/490 front ends running SunOS for the CM-2) SB
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456 1519 1591 (Numerous high end machines from Silicon Graphics, Apple, IBM, and SUN in the Numerical) SB
456 1569 674 (Laboratory, accessible over the Internet) SB
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456 1671 1581 (New network hardware and software being installed in a testbed research project \(BLANCA\)) SB
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456 1721 1712 (prepare for the national gigabyte transcontinental network \(NREN\) ; by early 1992 BLANCA should) SB
456 1771 1706 (include a 622 Mbit/sec trunk to University of Wisconsin, and 45 Mbit/sec links to Berkeley and Bell) SB
456 1821 68 (labs) SB
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456 2083 873 (operating system \(based on AT&T Unix System V\)) SB
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456 2134 1682 (Multitasking is supported on the CRAYs. Dedicated time is available to allow access to all 4 CPUs) SB
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456 2185 437 (Editors: vi on the CRAYs) SB
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456 2236 1674 (FORTRAN: CFT, CFT77 and CF77; cdbx is the debugger of choice on both CRAYs, though other) SB
456 2286 401 (debuggers are available) SB
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456 2337 973 (Other languages: vectorizing C compiler on both CRAYs) SB
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456 2388 1709 (cfs utility to move files between CFS and the CRAYs and Many example programs for vectorization) SB
456 2438 353 (and graphics on CFS) SB
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456 2489 1011 (Extensive in-house software development applications staff) SB
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456 2540 1694 (Public domain software for workstations available via anonymous FTP-connect to ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
456 2590 1693 (\(or 141.142.20.50\) with user-id "anonymous" and your user-id and e-mail address as the password--) SB
456 2640 1725 (get the file "README.FIRST" for an informative overview of current holdings and FTP instructions.) SB
456 2690 1712 (Each directory, including the root, contains a file named "INDEX" which contains a recursive listing) SB
456 2740 1052 (of the files of that directory and of all subdirectories within it.) SB
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231 387 1469 (ImageTool, DataSlice, X Image, PolyView, Isosurface Visualizer, and CompositeTool) SB
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456 1208 1677 (Academic Affiliates Program with members at more than 100 institutions; features special training) SB
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456 1612 1321 (Off-site classes available covering topics of interest to particular remote sites.) SB
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381 2750 32 (o) SB
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456 2746 924 (Many documents are available for free or for purchase) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2801 32 (o) SB
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456 2797 1010 (Online help is available for both the CRAY and the VAXes) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2852 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2848 978 (Extensive sets of example programs are available on CFS) SB
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1341 2976 840 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 292 32 (o) SB
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456 288 862 (Bimonthly newsletters: ACCESS and DATALINK) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 343 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 339 1697 (Annual report, entitled "SCIENCE: The State of Knowing," which summarizes NCSA's activities in) SB
456 389 292 (the previous year) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 536 234 (Consulting) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 655 32 (o) SB
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456 651 1670 (Consulting available via e-mail \(24 hours a day\) and phone \(8am to 5pm central time \(see Contact) SB
456 701 318 (Summaries below\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 756 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 752 1198 (On-line HELP and man pages on the CRAYs, help files on the VAXes) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 899 386 (Graphics Support) SB
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381 1018 32 (o) SB
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456 1014 1136 (Strong emphasis on local and remote use of scientific visualization) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1069 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1065 663 (Workstation tools for graphics analysis) SB
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381 1120 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1116 1661 (Scientific visualization programs, to which users may apply to have their data produced for use in) SB
456 1166 592 (high quality graphics presentations) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1221 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1217 383 (CGM metafile support) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1272 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1268 1690 (Support for remote graphics terminals includes Tektronix 4014, 4105, 4113, 4115/4125, PostScript,) SB
456 1318 309 (HPGL, Macintosh) SB
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381 1373 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1369 553 (Output is mailed to remote users) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1424 32 (o) SB
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456 1420 1653 (Media Services facility features video and audio resources, including Silicon Graphics Inc. frame) SB
456 1470 1601 (buffers, Abekas digital disk recorders, D1 format digital VCRs, Macintosh-based digital audio) SB
456 1520 1696 (recording, Betacam SP format analog VCRs, computer-controlled editing and routing, and over 150) SB
456 1570 1675 (other components. Activities supported include transfer of images from computers to video, audio,) SB
456 1620 1626 (hard copy, and film, as well as between the different formats within each of these media; media) SB
456 1670 1511 (processing such as video editing, text generation, electronic paintbox, digital effects, and) SB
456 1720 1602 (compositing; audio recording and editing to further supplement basic imagery; and video field) SB
456 1770 1073 (production for documentary programming and special projects.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1917 206 (Strengths) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2031 187 (Strengths:) SB
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381 2140 32 (o) SB
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456 2136 617 (High performance vector processing) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2191 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2187 615 (Solid State Disk for fast internal I/O) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2242 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2238 391 (Scientific visualization) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2293 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2289 624 (State-of-the-art graphics laboratories) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 2436 323 (Administrative) SB
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381 2555 32 (o) SB
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456 2551 1673 (Requests for 100 or more service units of CPU time are reviewed by a joint NCSA/Pittsburgh Peer) SB
456 2601 418 (Review Board quarterly.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2656 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2652 1158 (Requests for less than 100 service units are made eight times a year.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2707 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2703 1307 (Applications for less than six service units are reviewed internally by NCSA.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2758 32 (o) SB
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456 2754 1566 (Researchers at affiliate institutions may apply for start-up grants for 1-5 hours on the CRAY) SB
456 2804 989 (Y/MP4/464 through their campus affiliate representatives.) SB
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1341 2976 840 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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381 292 32 (o) SB
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456 288 1541 (The Supercomputing Education Project allocates blocks of five service units on the CRAY) SB
456 338 1315 (Y/MP4/464 for faculty who use high-performance computing in their classes.) SB
381 438 1776 (\(note: service units are CPU or wall clock hours weighted by different factors for the various computers\)) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 585 425 (Contact Summaries) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
381 699 355 (Academic Affiliates:) SB
831 699 241 (Joe Blackmon) SB
831 749 274 (\(217\)  244-1100) SB
831 799 384 (affiliat@ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
381 899 389 (Academic & Industrial) SB
456 949 328 (Relations Program:) SB
831 949 232 (Scott Lathrop) SB
831 999 263 (\(217\) 244-1099) SB
831 1049 406 (slathrop@ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
831 1099 311 (u13006@ncsagate) SB
1281 1099 178 (\(BITNET\)) SB
381 1199 297 (Accounts / Client) SB
456 1249 268 (Administration:) SB
831 1249 190 (Judy Olson) SB
831 1299 274 (\(217\)  244-0074) SB
831 1349 397 (uadmin@ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
831 1399 312 (uadmin@ncsagate) SB
1281 1399 178 (\(BITNET\)) SB
381 1499 197 (Consulting:) SB
831 1499 274 (\(217\)  244-1144) SB
831 1549 392 (consult@ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
831 1599 307 (consult@ncsagate) SB
1281 1599 178 (\(BITNET\)) SB
381 1699 340 (Education Program:) SB
831 1699 213 (Nora Sabelli) SB
831 1749 263 (\(217\) 244-0644) SB
831 1799 402 (nsabelli@ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
831 1849 317 (nsabelli@ncsagate) SB
1281 1849 178 (\(BITNET\)) SB
381 1949 295 (Faculty Program:) SB
681 1949 246 (Melanie Loots) SB
831 1999 263 (\(217\) 244-2921) SB
831 2049 385 (mloots@ncsa,uiuc.edu) SB
831 2099 311 (u26400@ncsagate) SB
1281 2099 178 (\(BITNET\)) SB
381 2199 274 (Media Services:) SB
831 2199 273 (Vincent Jurgens) SB
831 2249 263 (\(217\) 244-1543) SB
831 2299 415 (vjurgens@ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
831 2349 311 (u14998@ncsagate) SB
1281 2349 178 (\(BITNET\)) SB
381 2449 341 (Orders for software,) SB
381 2499 373 (  publications, videos:) SB
831 2499 255 (Debbie Shirley) SB
831 2549 263 (\(217\) 244-4130) SB
831 2599 420 (docorder@ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
831 2649 335 (docorder@ncsagate) SB
1281 2649 178 (\(BITNET\)) SB
381 2749 158 (Training:) SB
831 2749 452 (Lyle Rigdon \(information\)) SB
831 2799 263 (\(217\) 244-3659) SB
831 2849 392 (lrigdon@ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
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1341 2976 840 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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831 287 470 (Karen Gobble \(registration\)) SB
831 337 263 (\(217\) 244-4198) SB
831 387 406 (kgobble@ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
381 487 292 (Hardware Status:) SB
681 487 263 (\(217\) 244-0710) SB
381 587 266 (Network status:) SB
681 587 263 (\(617\) 873-3400) SB
381 687 290 (Cray Operations:) SB
681 687 263 (\(217\) 244-0710) SB
381 787 380 (CRAY Y-MP address:) SB
831 787 284 (uy.ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
1131 787 271 (\(141.142.101.1\)) SB
381 837 300 (CRAY-2 address:) SB
831 837 284 (u2.ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
1131 837 271 (\(141.142.102.2\)) SB
381 887 353 (CM Sun Front-Ends:) SB
831 887 373 (cmsun1.ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
1281 887 271 (\(141.142.220.4\)) SB
831 937 373 (cmsun2.ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
1281 937 271 (\(141.142.220.7\)) SB
831 987 373 (cmsun3.ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
1281 987 271 (\(141.142.220.8\)) SB
381 1037 355 (VAX/Ultrix gateway) SB
831 1037 388 (ncsagate.ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
1281 1037 292 (\(141.142.121.38\)) SB
831 1087 146 (ncsagate) SB
1131 1087 178 (\(BITNET\)) SB
381 1137 259 (Dial-up Access) SB
831 1137 263 (\(217\) 244-0664) SB
1281 1137 332 (\(2400 Baud or less\)) SB
831 1187 263 (\(217\) 244-0662) SB
1281 1187 332 (\(9600 Baud or less\)) SB
381 1237 300 (Anonymous FTP:) SB
831 1237 289 (ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
831 1287 271 (\(141.142.20.50\)) SB
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231 1434 269 (Login Script) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1548 1879 (The following script shows how to TELNET to the NCSA CRAY, list files, compile and run a job, and logout.) SB
231 1598 1841 (The script assumes that you connect to the CRAY from a local machine which supports the TCP/IP program) SB
231 1648 1948 (TELNET.  Prompts are represented by "user>>" for you, "CRAY>>" for the CRAY, "TELN>>" for TELNET, and) SB
231 1698 1738 ("CRus>>" for CRAY responses  followed by user entries on the same line.  Most CRAY responses are) SB
231 1748 902 (abbreviated. Comments are preceded by parentheses.) SB
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231 1948 118 (user>>) SB
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531 1948 390 (telnet u2.ncsa.uiuc.edu) SB
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gs 599 100 1409 1945 CB
1431 1948 457 (\(TELNET to the CRAY-2\)) SB
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gs 300 50 208 2045 CB
231 2048 156 (TELN>>) SB
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gs 899 50 509 2045 CB
531 2048 33 (...) SB
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gs 599 50 1409 2045 CB
1431 2048 358 (\(TELNET messages\)) SB
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gs 300 50 208 2095 CB
231 2098 164 (CRAY>>) SB
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gs 899 50 509 2095 CB
531 2098 494 (CRAY-2 UNICOS 5.0.7 \(u2\)) SB
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gs 300 100 208 2145 CB
231 2148 164 (CRAY>>) SB
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gs 899 100 509 2145 CB
531 2148 847 (National Center for Supercomputing Applications) SB
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gs 300 50 208 2245 CB
231 2248 141 (CRus>>) SB
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gs 899 50 509 2245 CB
531 2248 418 (login: your-CRAY-login) SB
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gs 599 50 1409 2245 CB
1431 2248 349 (\(login to the CRAY\)) SB
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gs 300 50 208 2295 CB
231 2298 141 (CRus>>) SB
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gs 899 50 509 2295 CB
531 2298 421 (Password:your-password) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 2345 CB
231 2348 141 (CRus>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 2345 CB
531 2348 367 (account:your-account) SB
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gs 300 50 208 2395 CB
231 2398 164 (CRAY>>) SB
gr
gs 599 50 1409 2395 CB
1431 2398 412 (\(CRAY login messages\)) SB
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gs 300 50 208 2445 CB
231 2448 141 (CRus>>) SB
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gs 899 50 509 2445 CB
531 2448 204 (u2 1% ls -la) SB
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gs 599 50 1409 2445 CB
1431 2448 363 (\(ask to list your files\)) SB
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gs 300 50 208 2495 CB
231 2498 164 (CRAY>>) SB
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gs 899 50 509 2495 CB
531 2498 716 (.                          ..                           .cshrc) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 2545 CB
531 2548 717 (.login                 .profile                  hello.f) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 2595 CB
231 2598 141 (CRus>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 2595 CB
531 2598 328 (u2 2% cft77 hello.f) SB
gr
gs 599 50 1409 2595 CB
1431 2598 418 (\(compile program called) SB
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gs 599 50 1409 2645 CB
1431 2648 340 ("hello.f", generate a) SB
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gs 599 50 1409 2695 CB
1431 2698 291 (binary object file) SB
gr
gs 599 50 1409 2745 CB
1431 2748 278 (called "hello.o"\)) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 2795 CB
231 2798 141 (CRus>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 2795 CB
531 2798 493 (u2 3% segldr -o hello hello.o) SB
gr
gs 599 50 1409 2795 CB
1431 2798 405 (\(load the object file and) SB
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gs 599 50 1409 2845 CB
1431 2848 346 (create an executable) SB
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1341 2976 840 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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gs 599 50 1409 284 CB
1431 287 314 (file called "hello"\)) SB
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gs 300 50 208 334 CB
231 337 141 (CRus>>) SB
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gs 899 50 509 334 CB
531 337 205 (u2 4% hello) SB
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gs 599 50 1409 334 CB
1431 337 404 (\(submit executable file\)) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 384 CB
231 387 141 (CRus>>) SB
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gs 899 50 509 384 CB
531 387 274 (u2 5% cat fort.6) SB
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gs 599 50 1409 384 CB
1431 387 334 (\(display contents of) SB
gr
gs 599 50 1409 434 CB
1431 437 190 (output file\)) SB
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gs 300 50 208 484 CB
231 487 164 (CRAY>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 484 CB
531 487 479 (Hello world, goodbye world) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 534 CB
231 537 141 (CRus>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 534 CB
531 537 228 (u2 6% logout) SB
gr
gs 599 50 1409 534 CB
1431 537 428 (\(logoff CRAY and return) SB
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gs 599 50 1409 584 CB
1431 587 296 (to local machine\)) SB
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32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
231 334 1688 (NATIONAL ENERGY RESEARCH SUPERCOMPUTER CENTER \(NERSC\)) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 492 452 (Computer Hardware) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 611 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 607 1697 (One CRAY 2/8, two CRAY 2/4s, and an XMP 1/8 for High School Supercomputer Honors Program) SB
456 657 1104 (\(one of the CRAY 2/4s will be removed sometime in early 1992\)) SB
1560 657 11 (.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 712 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 708 824 (Memory sizes are 128 Mwords on the CRAY 2's) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 763 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 759 1603 (Vector and parallel hardware; 2 processors on the CRAY X-MP/24, 8 processors on one of the) SB
456 809 896 (CRAY 2s, and 4 processors on each of the CRAY-2s) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 864 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 860 1248 (Permanent storage is implemented on the IBM-based CFS storage system) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 915 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 911 529 (1500 Gbytes total mass storage) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 966 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 962 1108 (Auxiliary computers include VAXs and other network computers) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1109 192 (Software) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1228 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1224 1708 (UNICOS 6.1 on the CRAY 2/8 and the CRAY XMP 1/8; The CRAY 2/4 using CRAY Time Sharing) SB
456 1274 1576 (System \(CTSS\) will be discontinued early 1992; the other CRAY 2/4 is physically located in) SB
456 1324 1711 (Colorado Springs, and runs CSOS \(Colorado Springs Operating System, a derivative of UNICOS 5.1) SB
456 1374 803 (developed by the Cray Computer Corporation\).) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1429 32 (o) SB
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456 1425 746 (Auxiliary VAXs use VMS operating system) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1480 32 (o) SB
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456 1476 1185 (Editors on the CRAYs include vi, EMACS, and standard Unix editors) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1531 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1527 1024 (FORTRAN compilers: CF77 on UNICOS and F77 on CSOS) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1582 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1578 1216 (Other languages: C, Pascal, and LISP compilers, and CRAY Assembler) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1633 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1629 708 (CFS is the software used for mass storage) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1684 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1680 1630 (Example sets, sample programs, and extensive documentation can be viewed online through the) SB
456 1730 352 (DOCVIEW program) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1785 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1781 1687 (Disks with the NERSC CTSSLINK software for IBM PCs and PC-compatibles are available free to) SB
456 1831 86 (users) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1886 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1882 1257 (Many Unix utilities are available in the CTSS and UNICOS environments) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1982 97 (Math) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
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381 2086 100 (IMSL) SB
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741 2086 90 (NAG) SB
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1101 2086 133 (SCILIB) SB
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32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2187 165 (Graphics) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 359 50 359 2288 CB
381 2291 169 (DISSPLA) SB
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gs 359 50 719 2288 CB
741 2291 83 (GKS) SB
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gs 359 50 1079 2288 CB
1101 2291 179 (GRAFLIB) SB
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gs 359 50 1439 2288 CB
1461 2291 199 (NCARGKS) SB
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gs 359 100 359 2339 CB
381 2342 166 (TV80LIB) SB
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32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 2490 189 (Training) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2609 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2605 1040 (New user workshops are available both on site and for export) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2660 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2656 565 (Monthly on-site UNICOS classes) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2711 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2707 876 (Classes are offered on supercomputer related topics) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2762 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2758 915 (Work in progress to develop an online tutorial service) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2813 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2809 1225 (A high school Supercomputing Honors Program is offered each summer) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1341 2976 840 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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231 76 1002 (NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 334 501 (Collaborative Research) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 453 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 449 766 (E-mail is performed with MAIL and MAILX) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 504 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 500 1131 (Bulletin Board Server and a Mail Server machine being developed) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 555 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 551 1618 (MFENET/ESNET networks supported by this center provide for remote logins, e-mail, and file) SB
456 601 1110 (transfers to and from nodes on these networks and on the Internet) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 748 329 (Documentation) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 867 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 863 621 (Monthly newsletter, "The BUFFER") SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 918 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 914 1113 (News is supplied by a site-supported bulletin board called "news") SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 969 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 965 529 (A VMS-like HELP is available) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1112 234 (Consulting) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1231 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1227 1338 (Phone consulting Mondays through Fridays, 8:00--11:45 a.m., 12:45-4:45 p.m.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1282 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1278 1019 (Online e-mail consulting via mail to consultants@nersc.gov) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1425 386 (Graphics Support) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1544 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1540 1283 (A DICOMED camera is available to remote users for film, slides, and fiche) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1595 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1591 1716 (Remote graphics terminals supported include most Tektronix displays and IBM PCs and compatibles) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1646 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1642 928 (Output is mailed free of charge to users at remote sites) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1697 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1693 846 (Facilities for PostScript output are being explored) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1840 206 (Strengths) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1959 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1955 606 (Highly optimized vector processing) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2010 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2006 422 (Large memory machines) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2061 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2057 1691 (A network connecting energy research sites provides for collaboration and exchange of information) SB
456 2107 342 (between researchers) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 2254 323 (Administrative) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2373 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2369 1281 (Most allocations are made by applying to the Department of Energy \(DOE\)) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 2516 425 (Contact Summaries) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 899 50 359 2627 CB
381 2630 197 (Consulting:) SB
gr
gs 599 50 1259 2627 CB
1281 2630 263 (\(510\) 422-1544) SB
gr
gs 599 50 1259 2678 CB
1281 2681 279 (\(800\) 66NERSC) SB
gr
gs 899 50 359 2729 CB
381 2732 536 (Accounts:\(passwords and ID's\):) SB
gr
gs 599 50 1259 2729 CB
1281 2732 263 (\(510\) 422-2888) SB
gr
gs 899 50 359 2780 CB
381 2783 207 (Allocations:) SB
gr
gs 599 50 1259 2780 CB
1281 2783 263 (\(510\) 422-1544) SB
gr
gs 899 50 359 2831 CB
381 2834 158 (Training:) SB
gr
gs 599 50 1259 2831 CB
1281 2834 263 (\(510\) 422-1544) SB
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32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1341 2976 840 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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gs 899 50 359 284 CB
381 287 285 (Hardware status:) SB
gr
gs 599 50 1259 284 CB
1281 287 263 (\(510\) 422-4283) SB
gr
gs 899 50 359 335 CB
381 338 266 (Network status:) SB
gr
gs 599 50 1259 335 CB
1281 338 263 (\(510\) 422-4283) SB
gr
gs 899 100 359 386 CB
381 389 442 (Direct CRAY connection:) SB
gr
gs 599 100 1259 386 CB
1281 389 470 (f.nersc.gov \(128.55.64.120\)) SB
gr
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1341 2976 840 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 334 269 (Login Script) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 448 1903 (The following script shows how to TELNET to the NERSC CRAYs, login, transfer files from a local account to) SB
231 498 1692 (the CRAY using FTP \(NERSC currently has a limited number of FTP functions installed\), list files,) SB
231 548 1857 (compile/load/execute a program, and then logout.  It assumes that you connect to the CRAY from some local) SB
231 598 947 (machine which supports the TCP/IP TELNET program.) SB
231 698 1941 (Prompts are represented by "user>>" for you, "TELN>>" for TELNET, "CRAY>>" for the CRAY, and "CRus>>") SB
231 748 1881 (for CRAY responses followed by user entries on the same line.  Comments are preceded by parentheses.  Most) SB
231 798 1912 (CRAY responses are abbreviated using the "..." ellipsis notation.  This script has been tested from the University) SB
231 848 262 (of Washington:) SB
32 0 0 42 42 1 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 300 100 208 945 CB
231 948 124 (Prompt) SB
gr
gs 899 100 509 945 CB
531 948 115 (Dialog) SB
gr
gs 659 100 1409 945 CB
1431 948 183 (Comments) SB
gr
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
gs 300 50 208 1045 CB
231 1048 118 (user>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 1045 CB
531 1048 294 (telnet f.nersc.gov) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 1045 CB
1431 1048 422 (\(TELNET to the CRAY\)) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 1095 CB
231 1098 156 (TELN>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 1095 CB
531 1098 33 (...) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 1095 CB
1431 1098 358 (\(TELNET messages\)) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 1145 CB
231 1148 141 (CRus>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 1145 CB
531 1148 266 (ID: usernumber) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 1145 CB
1431 1148 450 (\(enter CRAY usernumber\)) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 1195 CB
231 1198 141 (CRus>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 1195 CB
531 1198 341 (Password: password) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 1195 CB
1431 1198 409 (\(enter CRAY password\)) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 1245 CB
231 1248 164 (CRAY>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 1245 CB
531 1248 33 (...) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 1245 CB
1431 1248 412 (\(CRAY login messages\)) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 1295 CB
231 1298 118 (user>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 1295 CB
531 1298 47 (ftp) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 1295 CB
1431 1298 184 (\(start FTP\)) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 1345 CB
231 1348 141 (CRus>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 1345 CB
531 1348 472 (FTP> connect 128.95.137.4) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 1345 CB
1431 1348 472 (\(make connection with FTP) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 1395 CB
1431 1398 372 (to your local account\)) SB
gr
gs 300 100 208 1445 CB
231 1448 164 (CRAY>>) SB
gr
gs 899 100 509 1445 CB
531 1448 33 (...) SB
gr
gs 659 100 1409 1445 CB
1431 1448 270 (\(FTP messages\)) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 1545 CB
231 1548 141 (CRus>>) SB
gr
gs 1499 50 509 1545 CB
531 1548 1049 (MAX.U.WASHINGTON.EDU> login user-id ctrl-z password) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 1645 CB
1431 1648 425 (\(note that the user-id and) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 1695 CB
1431 1698 491 (password must be entered on) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 1745 CB
1431 1748 439 (the same line, the ctrl-z is) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 1795 CB
1431 1798 531 (required to mask the password\)) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 1895 CB
231 1898 141 (CRus>>) SB
gr
gs 1499 100 509 1895 CB
531 1898 893 (MAX.U.WASHINGTON.EDU> get hello.for hello.f) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 1995 CB
1431 1998 560 (\(now get your program with FTP) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 2045 CB
1431 2048 581 (your local account and send to the) SB
gr
gs 659 100 1409 2095 CB
1431 2098 130 (CRAY\)) SB
gr
gs 300 100 208 2195 CB
231 2198 164 (CRAY>>) SB
gr
gs 899 100 509 2195 CB
531 2198 33 (...) SB
gr
gs 659 100 1409 2195 CB
1431 2198 543 (file transfer messages from FTP) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 2295 CB
231 2298 141 (CRus>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 2295 CB
531 2298 630 (MAX.U.WASHINGTON.EDU> quit) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 2295 CB
1431 2298 518 (\(quit FTP and return to CRAY) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 2345 CB
1431 2348 135 (session\)) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 2395 CB
231 2398 164 (CRAY>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 2395 CB
531 2398 33 (...) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 2395 CB
1431 2398 368 (\(more FTP messages\)) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 2445 CB
231 2448 118 (user>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 2445 CB
531 2448 28 (ls) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 2445 CB
1431 2448 363 (\(ask to list your files\)) SB
gr
gs 300 100 208 2495 CB
231 2498 164 (CRAY>>) SB
gr
gs 899 100 509 2495 CB
531 2498 110 (hello.f) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 2595 CB
231 2598 118 (user>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 2595 CB
531 2598 189 (CF77 hello) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 2595 CB
1431 2598 395 (\(compile and load your) SB
gr
gs 659 100 1409 2645 CB
1431 2648 363 (FORTRAN program\)) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 2745 CB
231 2748 118 (user>>) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 2745 CB
531 2748 92 (ctrl-d) SB
gr
gs 659 50 1409 2745 CB
1431 2748 588 (\(control-d logs you off the CRAY\)) SB
gr
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1341 2976 840 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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231 76 1002 (NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide) SB
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32 0 0 50 50 0 0 47 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
231 334 1199 (PITTSBURGH SUPERCOMPUTING CENTER  \(PSC\)) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 492 219 (Hardware) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 606 1832 (Cray Y-MP/832 with 8 processors, 32 million words of memory, and a high speed \(156 Mword/second\) 128) SB
231 656 805 (million word Solid-State Storage Device \(SSD\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 761 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 757 608 (A maximum of 25 Mwords per user) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 812 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 808 738 (6.0 ns clock; maximum speed 2.6 gigaflops) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 863 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 859 805 (High performance parallel and vector hardware) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 914 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 910 644 (Very large temporary storage per user) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 965 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 961 1620 (Unlimited permanent storage in IBM based Common File System using hierarchical directories) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1016 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1012 570 (Users can request dedicated time.) SB
231 1112 1945 (Connection Machine CM-2 with 32,768 processors, 1 gigabyte of memory, and 10 gigabytes of high speed storage) SB
231 1162 1912 (on the DataVault.  The processors work in parallel.  Each processor has 32 Kbytes of memory associated with it,) SB
231 1212 679 (for a total of 1 gigabyte for the machine) SB
910 1212 11 (.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1317 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1313 863 (Users may use 8K, 16K, or 32K processors at once) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1368 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1364 746 (1,024 64-bit floating point accelerator chips) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1419 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1415 647 (Maximum speed in the gigaflop range) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1470 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1466 1725 (Temporary space and permanent storage space available on the Andrew File System \(afs\) through the) SB
456 1516 970 (CM-2's front-ends \(see later for more information on afs\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1571 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1567 1648 (Driven by three front-ends: CMVAX, a VAX running Ultrix, and two SUN 4-470s running Unix,) SB
456 1617 1684 (SUNA and SUNB.  CM applications are executed on the front-ends.  Those parts of the application) SB
456 1667 1614 (which benefit  from parallel processing are executed on the CM-2, while those which are serial) SB
456 1717 821 (remain on the front-end and are processed there.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1772 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1768 570 (Users can request dedicated time.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1823 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1819 1169 (Three front-ends which drive the CM-2 \(see section on CM-2 above\)) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 1874 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 1870 1716 (Two Vax 6420s \(CPWSCA and CPWSCB\) running VMS from which you can reach either the Y-MP) SB
456 1920 1632 (or the CM-2's front ends.  Users have 10,000 blocks of permanent storage and a large amount of) SB
456 1970 318 (temporary storage.) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2025 32 (o) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
456 2021 1709 (Two Vaxstation 5100s \(PSCUXA and PSCUXB\) running Ultrix from which you can reach either the) SB
456 2071 1654 (Y-MP or the CM-2's front-ends.  These front-ends use afs as their file system.  Users have 10,000) SB
456 2121 1493 (1024-byte blocks of permanent storage on afs and a limited amount of temporary space.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 2268 209 (Software:) SB
32 0 0 46 46 1 0 41 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 2382 115 (Y-MP) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2491 32 (o) SB
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231 2730 424 (The Andrew File System) SB
655 2730 1474 ( \(afs\) is a distributed network file system used on PSC front-ends PSCUXA, PSCUXB,) SB
231 2780 1901 (CMVAX, SUNA, and SUNB.  PSC plans to make afs available on all of its machines.  Users therefore maintain) SB
231 2830 1950 (one set of files, accessible from all machines.  It is not necessary to keep multiple copies of files or to transfer files) SB
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1341 2976 840 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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231 287 1949 (back and forth between the various front-ends.  Automatic daily backups are done.  PSC maintains documentation,) SB
231 337 1937 (examples, libraries, executables and source code on afs in a single location which is accessible from all machines.) SB
231 387 1949 (Each user has a quota of 10,000 1024-byte blocks of permanent storage.  A limited amount of temporary storage is) SB
231 437 244 (also available.) SB
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231 584 560 (The Biomedical Initiative:) SB
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231 698 1910 (PSC received a grant from the National Institutes of Health's \(NIH\) Division of Research Resources' Biomedical) SB
231 748 1949 (Research Technology program to provide the biomedical community with supercomputing resources, training, and) SB
231 798 207 (user support) SB
438 798 1687 (.  Two biomedical specialists, with large-scale computational backgrounds, are available to support) SB
231 848 511 (the supercomputing activities.) SB
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231 995 778 (Distributed High Speed Computing:) SB
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231 1109 1873 (The Distributed High Speed Computing \(DHSC\) project at PSC aims to provide an easy to use interface to the) SB
231 1159 1791 (HiPPI \(High Performance Parallel Interface\) link between the Center's Cray YMP/832 and 32K processor) SB
231 1209 354 (Connection Machine) SB
585 1209 1532 (.  This HiPPI network link between the Cray and the CM is capable of transmitting data at) SB
231 1259 1931 (rates of up to 100 MBytes/Sec.  Through the use of Distributed High Speed Computing, users are able to partition) SB
231 1309 1875 (applications between the Cray and the CM, thus choosing the most appropriate type of supercomputer to solve) SB
231 1359 1944 (different portions of the application.  Because of the vastly different kinds of problems which can be solved on the) SB
231 1409 1905 (Cray and the Connection Machine, some applications will see significant speedups in overall execution time via) SB
231 1459 238 (this approach.) SB
231 1559 1925 (The DHSC project is embodied in a set of library routines, callable from CFT77 and Standard C on the Cray, and) SB
231 1609 1946 (CMFortran, C*, and C-Paris on the Connection Machine.  These library calls provide a simple interface to transfer) SB
231 1659 1929 (data between programs running in parallel on the two machines.  Control issues \(such as synchronization of flow\)) SB
231 1709 1871 (and data conversion issues \(such as parallel to serial and IEEE to Cray floating point conversions\) are handled) SB
231 1759 1246 (internally by the libraries, freeing the user from these low level concerns.) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1906 206 (Training:) SB
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231 2020 405 (New User Workshops) SB
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381 2129 32 (o) SB
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456 2125 612 (Cray Techniques workshop \(5 days\)) SB
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381 2180 32 (o) SB
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456 2176 884 (Connection Machine Techniques workshop \(5 days\)) SB
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456 2227 469 (Summer Institute \(2 weeks\)) SB
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231 2327 507 (Advanced-User Workshops) SB
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456 2432 496 (Code Optimization \(one day\)) SB
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456 2483 388 (Multitasking \(one day\)) SB
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456 2534 398 (Visualization \(one day\)) SB
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456 2585 1363 (Optimization of FORTRAN Code for Parallel Shared-Memory Systems \(4 days\)) SB
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231 2685 575 (Discipline-Specific Workshops) SB
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456 2790 931 (Introduction to Gaussian: Theory and Practice \(5 days\)) SB
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456 2841 684 (National Institutes of Health Workshops) SB
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1341 2976 840 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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231 287 1832 (Through grants from the National Institutes of Health, the PSC offers a series of workshops dedicated to the) SB
231 337 1896 (biomedical research community, including an overview of biomedical software and databases available at PSC.) SB
231 387 1949 (Topics presented have included molecular mechanics and dynamics, macromolecular structure refinement, nucleic) SB
231 437 1893 (acid and protein sequence analysis, fluid dynamics with immersed flexible structures, and image reconstruction) SB
231 487 1890 (from Electron Microscopy. Topic-specific workshops are provided on an "as-needed" basis and new workshops) SB
231 537 569 (are under continual development.) SB
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231 684 346 (Documentation:) SB
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456 799 1708 (Many vendor and hundreds of PSC publications online, including policy, allocations and user guides) SB
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381 854 32 (o) SB
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456 850 545 (CRAY manuals mailed via UPS) SB
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381 905 32 (o) SB
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456 901 627 (List of documents is available online) SB
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456 952 1683 (Hot tips and news appear in BULLETIN, and rn.  BULLETIN and rn are bulletin board systems on) SB
456 1002 1724 (the VMS front-ends and the  Ultrix front-ends, respectively.  Notices are also posted  on 'news' on the) SB
456 1052 115 (Y-MP.) SB
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381 1107 32 (o) SB
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456 1103 924 (Online help includes man pages on every PSC system.) SB
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381 1158 32 (o) SB
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456 1154 627 (PSC Users Guide mailed to all users.) SB
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381 1209 32 (o) SB
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456 1205 986 (Online EXAMPLES system contains complete job setups.) SB
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381 1260 32 (o) SB
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456 1256 1683 (An annual report "Projects in Scientific Computing" highlights the  scientific projects completed at) SB
456 1306 74 (PSC) SB
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231 1453 251 (Consulting:) SB
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381 1572 32 (o) SB
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456 1568 1527 (Phone consulting available M-F 9 a.m. to 8 p.m., Saturday 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. \(Eastern time\)) SB
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381 1623 32 (o) SB
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456 1619 707 (E-mail consulting via user-id REMARKS) SB
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381 1674 32 (o) SB
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456 1670 306 (Online man pages) SB
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381 1725 32 (o) SB
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456 1721 507 (Discipline-specific consulting) SB
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381 1776 32 (o) SB
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456 1772 1632 ("life-cycle" consulting: starting with algorithm selection through data layout, programming, and) SB
456 1822 613 (program optimization for CM users.) SB
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231 1969 403 (Graphics Support:) SB
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381 2088 32 (o) SB
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456 2084 383 (CGM metafile support) SB
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381 2139 32 (o) SB
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456 2135 1102 (CGM-based video animation system for VHS tape and videodisk) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 34 /ZapfDingbats font
381 2190 32 (o) SB
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456 2186 1612 (Support for remote graphics terminals includes many devices; also PSC is willing to acquire or) SB
456 2236 970 (develop drivers for nearly any modern device on request.) SB
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381 2291 32 (o) SB
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456 2287 681 (VHS tape output mailed to remote users) SB
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381 2342 32 (o) SB
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456 2338 1708 (On-site graphics labs with Silicon Graphics IRIS, SUN Sparcstation,  IBM RS6000, and DECStation) SB
456 2388 95 (5000.) SB
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381 2443 32 (o) SB
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456 2439 1306 (Capability to make 35mm color slides using Matrix Instruments  SlideWriter) SB
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381 2494 32 (o) SB
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456 2490 960 (Color output from Cannon CLC-500 color copier/printer) SB
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1341 2976 840 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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231 334 340 (Administrative:) SB
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381 453 32 (o) SB
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456 449 1705 (Small allocations \(10 hours or less\) are reviewed quickly by PSC staff.  Larger allocations \(over 100) SB
456 499 1690 (hours\) are reviewed by the joint PSC/NCSA Peer Review Board.  Intermediate size allocations \(11-) SB
456 549 1646 (99 units\) are reviewed internally subject to confirmation by outside reviews via U.S. Postal mail.) SB
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381 604 32 (o) SB
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456 600 1497 (Starter grants are available for any researcher who wishes to explore the use of the PSC.) SB
231 700 338 (Contact summaries:) SB
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681 750 185 (Consulting) SB
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1341 750 263 (\(412\) 286-4960) SB
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681 800 159 (Accounts) SB
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1341 800 263 (\(412\) 286-4960) SB
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gs 659 50 659 847 CB
681 850 195 (Allocations) SB
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1341 850 410 (Allocations Coordinator) SB
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gs 599 50 1319 897 CB
1341 900 320 (\(412\) 286-4960  or) SB
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1341 950 391 (stock@cpwsca.psc.edu) SB
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681 1000 146 (Training) SB
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1341 1000 263 (\(412\) 286-4960) SB
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681 1050 273 (Hardware status) SB
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681 1100 254 (Network status) SB
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1341 1100 263 (\(412\) 286-4960) SB
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681 1150 481 (Front-end Internet addresses) SB
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gs 599 50 1319 1147 CB
1341 1150 298 (a.psc.edu  \(VMS\)) SB
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gs 599 50 1319 1197 CB
1341 1200 300 (b.psc.edu  \(VMS\)) SB
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gs 599 50 1319 1247 CB
1341 1250 396 (pscuxa.psc.edu \(Ultrix\)) SB
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1341 1300 398 (pscuxb.psc.edu \(Ultrix\)) SB
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gs 1110 50 208 1347 CB
231 1350 583 (CM-2 front-end Internet addresses) SB
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gs 899 50 1319 1347 CB
1341 1350 392 (cmvax.psc.edu \(Ultrix\)) SB
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gs 899 50 1319 1397 CB
1341 1400 367 (suna.psc.edu  \(Ultrix\)) SB
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1341 1450 358 (sunb.psc.edu \(Ultrix\)) SB
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231 1500 362 (Cray Internet address) SB
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1341 1500 270 (pscymp.psc.edu) SB
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231 1647 269 (Login Script) SB
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231 1761 1847 (The following script shows how to connect to the font end VMS VAX, login, create and a job which submits) SB
231 1811 1862 ('hello.f' to the CRAY, and then logout.  It assumes that you connect to the front end from some local machine) SB
231 1861 792 (which supports the TCP/IP TELNET program.) SB
231 1961 1920 (Prompts are represented by "user>>" for you, "PSC>" for the frontend, "TELN>>" for TELNET, and "PSCus>>") SB
231 2011 1929 (for frontend responses followed by user entries on the same line.  Most responses are abbreviated.  Comments are) SB
231 2061 425 (preceded by parentheses.) SB
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gr
gs 749 50 509 2158 CB
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gs 749 50 1409 2158 CB
1431 2161 183 (Comments) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 2208 CB
231 2211 118 (user>>) SB
gr
gs 749 50 509 2208 CB
531 2211 329 (TELNET a.psc.edu) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1409 2208 CB
1431 2211 460 (\(TELNET to the front end\)) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 2258 CB
231 2261 156 (TELN>>) SB
gr
gs 749 50 509 2258 CB
531 2261 33 (...) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1409 2258 CB
1431 2261 358 (\(TELNET messages\)) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 2308 CB
231 2311 159 (PSCus>>) SB
gr
gs 749 50 509 2308 CB
531 2311 311 (Username: user-id) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 2358 CB
231 2361 159 (PSCus>>) SB
gr
gs 749 50 509 2358 CB
531 2361 341 (Password: password) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 2408 CB
231 2411 122 (PSC>>) SB
gr
gs 749 50 509 2408 CB
531 2411 33 (...) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1409 2408 CB
1431 2411 370 (\(PSC login messages\)) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 2458 CB
231 2461 118 (user>>) SB
gr
gs 749 50 509 2458 CB
531 2461 267 (emacs hello.job) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1409 2458 CB
1431 2461 419 (\(create the following job) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1409 2508 CB
1431 2511 473 (\(to submitted to the CRAY\)) SB
gr
gs 749 50 509 2558 CB
531 2561 525 (#USER=user-id PW=password) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1409 2558 CB
1431 2561 474 (\(CRAY from the VAX later) SB
gr
gs 749 50 509 2608 CB
531 2611 348 (#QSUB -lM 0.8 Mw) SB
gr
gs 749 50 1409 2608 CB
1431 2611 475 (with the csubmit command\)) SB
gr
gs 749 50 509 2658 CB
531 2661 227 (#QSUB -lT 5) SB
gr
gs 749 50 509 2708 CB
531 2711 31 (ja) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 2758 CB
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gr
gs 899 50 509 2808 CB
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gr
gs 899 50 509 2858 CB
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gs 899 50 509 284 CB
531 287 690 (fetch hello.f -t 'usr$root0:[user-id]hello.f) SB
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gs 899 50 509 334 CB
531 337 334 (cf77 hello.f limsl11) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 384 CB
531 387 315 (mv a.out hello.exe) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 434 CB
531 437 311 (hello.exe > results) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 484 CB
531 487 323 (cfs -r5 store results) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 534 CB
531 537 334 (rm hello.exe hello.f) SB
gr
gs 899 50 509 584 CB
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gr
gs 899 100 509 634 CB
531 637 84 (ja -st) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 734 CB
231 737 118 (user>>) SB
gr
gs 1499 50 509 734 CB
531 737 73 (cray) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 784 CB
231 787 122 (PSC>>) SB
gr
gs 1499 50 509 784 CB
531 787 494 (The Cray Station is available) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 834 CB
231 837 118 (user>>) SB
gr
gs 1499 50 509 834 CB
531 837 295 (csubmit hello.job) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 884 CB
231 887 122 (PSC>>) SB
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gs 1499 50 509 884 CB
531 887 907 (%CX-S-SUB_OK, Job: Hello  queued for submission) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 934 CB
231 937 122 (PSC>>) SB
gr
gs 1499 50 509 934 CB
531 937 1054 (VAX TO CRAY:%SYSTEM-S-NORMAL, normal successful) SB
gr
gs 1499 50 509 984 CB
531 987 191 (completion) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 1034 CB
231 1037 122 (PSC>>) SB
gr
gs 1499 50 509 1034 CB
531 1037 558 (VAX TO CRAY: FILE=HELLO) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 1084 CB
231 1087 122 (PSC>>) SB
gr
gs 1499 50 509 1084 CB
531 1087 844 (VAX TO CRAY: 1215 BYTES TRANSFERRED) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 1134 CB
231 1137 122 (PSC>>) SB
gr
gs 1499 50 509 1134 CB
531 1137 1190 (CRAY TO VAX: %RMS-S-NORMAL, normal successful completion) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 1184 CB
231 1187 122 (PSC>>) SB
gr
gs 1499 50 509 1184 CB
531 1187 1208 (CRAY TO VAX: FILE=$1$DUA102:[USR2.USERID]HELLO.OUT;1) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 1234 CB
231 1237 122 (PSC>>) SB
gr
gs 1499 50 509 1234 CB
531 1237 802 (CRAY TO VAX: 34 BYTES TRANSFERRED) SB
gr
gs 300 50 208 1284 CB
231 1287 118 (user>>) SB
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gs 1499 50 509 1284 CB
531 1287 108 (logout) SB
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1341 2976 840 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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456 658 692 (Up to 32 Mwords main memory per user) SB
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456 709 1646 (6 ns clock; a maximum of 2.7 Gflops for the entire system; up to 337 maximum Mflops per CPU) SB
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456 862 294 (128 MWord SSD) SB
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456 1270 825 (Peak speed of 420 Mflops \(for 32-bit arithmetic\)) SB
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456 1583 513 (UNICOS on the CRAY Y-MP) SB
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381 1638 32 (o) SB
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456 1634 1179 (Editor: vi, emacs, and standard Unix line editors on the CRAY Y/MP) SB
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381 1689 32 (o) SB
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456 1685 701 (FORTRAN: CFT77 vectorizing compiler) SB
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381 1740 32 (o) SB
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456 1736 1647 (Other languages: Pascal \(vectorizing\), CC \(ANSI C vectorizing compiler\), CRAY C, AS \(CRAY) SB
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456 1837 731 (Extensive example programs are available.) SB
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1341 2976 840 (Chapter 17: Supercomputer Site Descriptions) SB
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gr
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gr
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gr
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gr
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gr
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gr
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381 2342 32 (o) SB
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381 2443 32 (o) SB
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456 704 1159 (Extensive examples and instructions on their use is available online.) SB
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456 755 1293 (Annual report titled "Science at the San Diego Supercomputer Center 19xx") SB
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231 1321 1937 (simple FORTRAN program, and then logout.  It assumes that you connect to the CRAY from some local machine) SB
231 1371 792 (which supports the TCP/IP TELNET program.) SB
231 1471 1941 (Prompts are represented by "user>>" for you, "TELN>>" for TELNET, "CRAY>>" for the CRAY, and "CRus>>") SB
231 1521 1881 (for CRAY responses followed by user entries on the same line.  Comments are preceded by parentheses.  Most) SB
231 1571 1847 (CRAY responses are abbreviated using the "..." ellipsis notation.  Note that the system prompts on the SDSC) SB
231 1621 1294 (CRAY Y/MP currently have the form "y1-n%" where "n" is the line number) SB
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1281 2275 232 (called "hello") SB
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231 228 1544 (If you have other comments and suggestions which you'd like to make, here's your chance!) SB
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231 375 1125 (Comments on Your Overall Impression of NUSIRG:) SB
231 736 844 (Comments on NUSIRG's Effectiveness:) SB
231 1097 775 (Comments on NUSRIG's Examples:) SB
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231 1211 1904 (All examples in NUSIRG have been previously tested.  However, there are inevitably unanticipated problems at) SB
231 1261 1886 (remote sites, so please let us know about any problems you experienced so modifications can be made to avoid) SB
231 1311 190 (recurrence.) SB
231 1411 626 (Examples which gave you problems:) SB
231 1711 284 (What happened?) SB
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231 2311 1169 (What kind of computer software? \(terminal emulation program, etc.\)) SB
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231 736 1324 (Other Examples and Resources for Future NUSIRG Editions:) SB
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231 850 1834 (We're constantly on the "look-out" for additional resources to include in NUSIRG.  If you have suggestions,) SB
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32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 275 665 (Optional Contact Information:) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 489 198 (Your Name) SB
831 489 882 (__________________________________________) SB
231 589 349 (Position and/or Title) SB
831 589 882 (__________________________________________) SB
231 689 126 (User-id) SB
831 689 882 (__________________________________________) SB
231 789 448 (Preferred Internet Address) SB
831 789 882 (__________________________________________) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 48 /Times-Bold /font37 ANSIFont font
231 1036 539 (Background Information) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 38 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
231 1150 1938 (To make the most use of the comments of yourself and others, we'd like some background information about each) SB
231 1200 983 (respondent so we know how to categorize your responses.) SB
231 1300 1151 (1. Please mark the one personal identifier which best describes you.) SB
381 1400 293 (___ K-12 student) SB
981 1400 527 (___ user services staff member) SB
381 1450 294 (___ K-12 teacher) SB
981 1450 601 (___ technical support staff member) SB
381 1500 376 (___ university student) SB
981 1500 391 (___ computer manager) SB
381 1550 410 (___ university professor) SB
981 1550 540 (___ computer network manager) SB
381 1600 218 (___ librarian) SB
981 1600 161 (___ other) SB
381 1650 404 (___ researcher / scholar) SB
231 1800 694 (2.  Years of experience using computers:) SB
1131 1800 116 ( _____) SB
231 1900 832 (3. Years of experience using computer networks:) SB
1131 1900 116 ( _____) SB
231 2100 1274 (Thanks for your input.  We'll make every effort to act on your suggestions!) SB
32 0 0 75 75 0 0 70 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
1091 2202 229 (INDEX) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 45 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
306 2633 46 (@) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
306 2754 347 (@, defined, 8, 23-24) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 45 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
1266 2633 36 (A) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1266 2754 814 (ACM \(Association for Computing Machinery\), 15) SB
1266 2813 175 (addresses) SB
1341 2872 714 (Internet networks, see Internet, addresses) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1666 2976 515 (Trademarks and Copyrights) SB
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0 69 75 2550 3300 300 SM
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32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
381 240 705 (non-Internet networks, see electronic mail) SB
381 286 160 (gateways) SB
306 345 466 (Advantage Foundation, 100) SB
306 404 399 (Aeronautical Navigation) SB
381 463 382 (databases, online, 124) SB
306 522 181 (Agriculture) SB
381 581 446 (databases, online, 26, 125) SB
306 640 785 (Almanac electronic mail server, 26, 99, 182-83) SB
306 699 137 (AlterNet) SB
381 758 407 (contact information, 201) SB
306 817 234 (Amdahl's Law) SB
381 876 502 (and optimizing compilers, 226) SB
306 935 422 (Andrew File System, 254) SB
306 994 470 (Annenberg Foundation, 181) SB
306 1053 77 (ANS) SB
381 1112 407 (contact information, 201) SB
306 1171 152 (Applelink) SB
381 1230 492 (sending electronic mail to, 36) SB
306 1289 143 (ARC, 51) SB
306 1348 222 (archie, 65-69) SB
381 1407 397 (accessing by e-mail, 66) SB
381 1466 535 (sample TELNET session, 67-68) SB
381 1525 174 (syntax, 66) SB
306 1584 285 (archived files, 49) SB
306 1643 528 (archives, see FTP, file archives) SB
306 1702 217 (Area Studies) SB
381 1761 552 (databases, online, 123, 125, 126) SB
306 1820 284 (ARPANET, 7, 10) SB
306 1879 334 (Artificial Intelligence) SB
381 1938 439 (bibliographies, online, 126) SB
381 1997 382 (databases, online, 127) SB
306 2056 182 (Astronomy) SB
381 2115 424 (archives of software, 128) SB
381 2174 524 (bibliographies, online, 128, 129) SB
381 2233 552 (databases, online, 128, 129, 130) SB
381 2292 494 (supercomputer software, 241) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 45 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
306 2413 33 (B) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
306 2534 312 (BARRNet, 11, 177) SB
381 2593 407 (contact information, 198) SB
306 2652 607 (BBSs \(Bulletin Board Services\), 185) SB
306 2711 494 (bibliographies, online, 119-47) SB
306 2770 181 (binary files) SB
381 2829 209 (and FTP, 50) SB
1341 240 636 (USENET discussion groups about, 52) SB
1266 299 185 (BinHex, 51) SB
1266 358 123 (Biology) SB
1341 417 579 (supercomputer software, 252, 259) SB
1266 476 198 (BITNET, 13) SB
1341 535 532 (and LISTSERV, see LISTSERV) SB
1341 594 492 (sending electronic mail to, 36) SB
1266 653 235 (BLANCA, 240) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 45 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
1266 774 33 (C) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1266 895 250 (cache memory) SB
1341 954 432 (and supercomputers, 219) SB
1266 1013 336 (career development) SB
1341 1072 382 (databases, online, 125) SB
1266 1131 128 (Census) SB
1341 1190 551 (databases, online \(Canada\), 122) SB
1341 1249 493 (databases, online \(U.S.\), 131) SB
1266 1308 219 (CERFnet, 11) SB
1341 1367 407 (contact information, 198) SB
1266 1426 245 (Chatback, 175) SB
1266 1485 369 (Chemical Engineering) SB
1341 1544 494 (supercomputer software, 241) SB
1266 1603 171 (Chemistry) SB
1341 1662 424 (archives of software, 131) SB
1341 1721 664 (supercomputer software, 241, 252, 259) SB
1266 1780 182 (CICnet, 11) SB
1341 1839 407 (contact information, 198) SB
1266 1898 817 (CNSF \(Cornell National Supercomputer Facility\),) SB
1266 1944 118 (231-35) SB
1266 2003 318 (Colorado Supernet) SB
1341 2062 407 (contact information, 198) SB
1266 2121 442 (commercial networks, 180) SB
1341 2180 407 (contact information, 201) SB
1266 2239 404 (compressed files, 49-50) SB
1266 2298 221 (CompuServe) SB
1341 2357 492 (sending electronic mail to, 36) SB
1266 2416 513 (Computational Fluid Dynamics) SB
1341 2475 664 (supercomputer software, 231, 241, 252) SB
1266 2534 314 (computer software) SB
1341 2593 382 (databases, online, 132) SB
1341 2652 589 (FTP archives, 132, also see Archie) SB
1266 2711 336 (CONCERT Network) SB
1341 2770 407 (contact information, 198) SB
1266 2829 345 (Connection Machine) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1591 2976 515 (Trademarks and Copyrights) SB
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0 69 75 2550 3300 300 SM
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32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
381 240 575 (and parallel architecture, 220, 221) SB
381 299 256 (and WAIS, 148) SB
381 358 234 (at NCAR, 236) SB
381 417 232 (at NCSA, 240) SB
381 476 205 (at PSC, 251) SB
381 535 471 (at supercomputer sites, 219) SB
306 594 282 (consumer affairs) SB
381 653 382 (databases, online, 125) SB
306 712 237 (COSMIC, 132) SB
306 771 604 (CRAY Macro and Microtasking, 223) SB
306 830 473 (CRAY supercomputers, 219) SB
381 889 490 (and parallel architecture, 220) SB
381 948 234 (at NCAR, 236) SB
381 1007 232 (at NCSA, 240) SB
381 1066 259 (at NERSC, 247) SB
381 1125 205 (at PSC, 251) SB
381 1184 232 (at SDSC, 259) SB
306 1243 839 (CREN \(Corporation for Research and Educational) SB
306 1289 266 (Networking\), 13) SB
306 1348 191 (CSNET, 13) SB
306 1407 711 (CULDAT \(Canadian Union List of Machine) SB
306 1453 440 (Readable Data Files\), 122) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 45 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
306 1574 36 (D) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
306 1695 172 (DARPA, 7) SB
306 1754 437 (databases, online, 119-47) SB
381 1813 414 (and K-12 education, 187) SB
381 1872 432 (general interest, 123, 125) SB
306 1931 564 (DDN \(Data Defense Network\), 10) SB
306 1990 132 (DECnet) SB
381 2049 492 (sending electronic mail to, 36) SB
306 2108 436 (directory services, 158-69) SB
381 2167 297 (astronomers, 127) SB
381 2226 595 (table of services and syntaxes, 163) SB
306 2285 519 (Disabled Data Link Group, 175) SB
306 2344 202 (DISNET, 10) SB
306 2403 326 (Distance Education) SB
381 2462 414 (and K-12 education, 188) SB
381 2521 608 (databases of information about, 135) SB
306 2580 731 (DNS \(Domain Name System\), see Internet,) SB
306 2626 175 (addresses) SB
306 2685 167 (domain, 9) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 45 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
1266 302 31 (E) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1266 423 168 (EARN, 13) SB
1266 482 385 (Earth Kids project, 175) SB
1266 541 432 (Ecology and Environment) SB
1341 600 467 (databases, online, 128, 134) SB
1341 659 410 (simulation software, 134) SB
1266 718 185 (Economics) SB
1341 777 467 (databases, online, 123, 125) SB
1266 836 232 (EDUCOM, 16) SB
1266 895 365 (Electrical Engineering) SB
1341 954 579 (supercomputer software, 241, 252) SB
1266 1013 414 (electronic books, 98-102) SB
1341 1072 562 (LISTSERV discussion group, 102) SB
1266 1131 369 (electronic journals, 96) SB
1341 1190 414 (and K-12 education, 186) SB
1416 1236 317 (list of journals, 197) SB
1341 1295 478 (comprehensive directory, 97) SB
1341 1354 255 (subscribing, 96) SB
1266 1413 525 (electronic libraries, see OPACs) SB
1266 1472 361 (electronic mail, 20-39) SB
1341 1531 469 (and K-12 education, 182-83) SB
1341 1590 414 (basic introduction, 20-25) SB
1341 1649 523 (compared to postal mail, 21-24) SB
1341 1708 265 (etiquette, 28-33) SB
1341 1767 194 (mailbox, 25) SB
1341 1826 279 (signature file, 29) SB
1341 1885 263 (software, 24-25) SB
1341 1944 454 (stylistic conventions, 28-30) SB
1341 2003 404 (technical references, 27) SB
1266 2062 532 (electronic mail gateways, 34-39) SB
1341 2121 264 (online list of, 37) SB
1341 2180 464 (published compendia of, 37) SB
1341 2239 417 (table of examples, 36-37) SB
1266 2298 497 (electronic mail servers, 25-27) SB
1341 2357 264 (online list of, 27) SB
1341 2416 325 (sample session, 26) SB
1266 2475 185 (Electronics) SB
1341 2534 494 (supercomputer software, 231) SB
1266 2593 201 (Engineering) SB
1341 2652 664 (supercomputer software, 231, 242, 252) SB
1266 2711 409 (ENZYME database, 137) SB
1266 2770 638 (ESnet \(Energy Sciences Network\), 10) SB
1341 2829 492 (sending electronic mail to, 36) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1591 2976 515 (Trademarks and Copyrights) SB
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32 0 0 50 50 0 0 45 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
306 302 28 (F) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
306 423 611 (FAQs \(Frequently Asked Questions\)) SB
381 482 330 (FTP archives of, 77) SB
381 541 471 (in USENET newsgroups, 77) SB
306 600 132 (FidoNet) SB
381 659 268 (description, 179) SB
381 718 492 (sending electronic mail to, 36) SB
306 777 446 (file archiving programs, 49) SB
381 836 500 (example of how to use, 50-51) SB
381 895 225 (explained, 49) SB
381 954 535 (getting a comprehensive list, 52) SB
306 1013 393 (file compression, 49-50) SB
381 1072 646 (example of how to uncompress, 50-51) SB
381 1131 636 (USENET discussion groups about, 52) SB
306 1190 446 (file compression programs) SB
381 1249 535 (getting a comprehensive list, 52) SB
306 1308 234 (file directories) SB
381 1367 499 (anonymous FTP hosts, 40-41) SB
456 1413 287 (root directory, 40) SB
306 1472 377 (flame-war, defined, 80) SB
306 1531 351 (FrEdMail Foundation) SB
381 1590 407 (contact information, 213) SB
306 1649 235 (Free-Net, 123) SB
306 1708 590 (FTP \(File Transfer Protocol\), 39-48) SB
381 1767 315 (anonymous, 39-46) SB
456 1813 410 (brief sample session, 41) SB
456 1859 557 (expanded sample session, 42-46) SB
456 1905 366 (online list of hosts, 48) SB
456 1951 433 (short list of FTP hosts, 42) SB
381 2010 349 (basic commands, 42) SB
381 2069 272 (copying files, 44) SB
381 2128 246 (online help, 47) SB
381 2187 404 (technical references, 48) SB
306 2246 682 (FTP file archives, 39-46, also see Archie) SB
306 2305 173 (FTP hosts) SB
381 2364 188 (defined, 39) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 45 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
306 2485 36 (G) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
306 2606 667 (gateways, see electronic mail gateways) SB
306 2665 470 (Gene-Server database, 137) SB
306 2724 150 (Genetics) SB
381 2783 437 (databases, online, 135-40) SB
306 2842 188 (Geography) SB
1341 240 382 (databases, online, 140) SB
1266 299 363 (Grants and Contracts) SB
1341 358 425 (databases of, online, 141) SB
1266 417 143 (graphics) SB
1341 476 545 (software for personal computers) SB
1416 522 447 (FTP archive at NCSA, 241) SB
1341 581 760 (supercomputer software, 232, 236, 241, 247,) SB
1341 627 148 (253, 260) SB
1266 686 524 (Gutenberg, Project, 26, 98-100) SB
1341 745 407 (contact information, 100) SB
1341 804 600 (electronic texts by e-mail server, 99) SB
1341 863 451 (electronic texts by FTP, 99) SB
1341 922 562 (LISTSERV discussion group, 102) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 45 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
1266 1043 36 (H) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1266 1164 752 (HEPNET \(High Energy Physics Network\), 10) SB
1266 1223 118 (History) SB
1341 1282 382 (databases, online, 142) SB
1266 1341 115 (host, 9) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 45 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
1266 1462 17 (I) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1266 1583 513 (IBM 3090 supercomputer, 219) SB
1341 1642 490 (and parallel architecture, 220) SB
1341 1701 230 (at CNSF, 231) SB
1266 1760 726 (IETF \(Internet Engineering Task Force\), 16) SB
1266 1819 469 (independent memory banks) SB
1341 1878 432 (and supercomputers, 219) SB
1341 1937 286 (operation of, 219) SB
1266 1996 321 (INFO-SOUTH, 125) SB
1266 2055 666 (Interbit \(Internet-BITNET\) gateways, 35) SB
1266 2114 130 (Internet) SB
1341 2173 252 (addresses, 8-9) SB
1341 2232 304 (basic description, ) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica-Bold /font19 ANSIFont font
1645 2232 11 ( ) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1656 2232 76 (6-18) SB
1341 2291 445 (general references, 13, 14) SB
1341 2350 299 (Internet Protocols) SB
1416 2396 468 (technical references, 13, 15) SB
1341 2455 438 (organization in the U.S., 9) SB
1341 2514 746 (support and training for K-12 educators, 177) SB
1266 2573 416 (Internet Society, The, 16) SB
1266 2632 232 (INTEROP, 16) SB
1266 2691 728 (IP address \(Internet Protocol address\), see) SB
1266 2737 327 (Internet, addresses) SB
1266 2796 575 (IuBIO software archives, 131, 138) SB
32 0 0 42 42 0 0 40 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1591 2976 515 (Trademarks and Copyrights) SB
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32 0 0 50 50 0 0 45 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
306 302 19 (J) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
306 423 119 (JANET) SB
381 482 492 (sending electronic mail to, 36) SB
306 541 221 (JVNCNet, 11) SB
381 600 407 (contact information, 198) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 45 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
306 721 36 (K) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
306 842 695 (K-12 education and the Internet, 170-214) SB
381 901 292 (conferences, 189) SB
381 960 626 (databases of curricular activities, 129) SB
381 1019 375 (network etiquette, 187) SB
381 1078 653 (online databases suitable for, 125, 129) SB
381 1137 448 (online interest groups, 194) SB
381 1196 265 (periodicals, 189) SB
381 1255 265 (references, 188) SB
381 1314 396 (sources of funding, 181) SB
306 1373 137 (K12 Net) SB
381 1432 407 (contact information, 213) SB
381 1491 268 (description, 179) SB
381 1550 285 (file archives, 184) SB
306 1609 740 (Knowbot Information Server \(KIS\), 162, 163) SB
381 1668 401 (sample session, 164-65) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 45 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
306 1789 31 (L) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
306 1910 158 (LANL, 12) SB
306 1969 646 (Latin American Database \(LADB\), 126) SB
306 2028 787 (LiMB \(Listing of Molecular Biology Databases\),) SB
306 2074 63 (135) SB
306 2133 301 (LISTSERV, 86-93) SB
381 2192 414 (and K-12 education, 186) SB
456 2238 305 (list of lists, 191-93) SB
381 2297 349 (basic commands, 89) SB
381 2356 445 (example of how to use, 88) SB
381 2415 196 (LISTDB, 91) SB
381 2474 381 (LISTSERV defined, 87) SB
381 2533 415 (LISTSERVer defined, 87) SB
306 2592 161 (Literature) SB
381 2651 382 (databases, online, 143) SB
306 2710 246 (Los Nettos, 11) SB
381 2769 407 (contact information, 198) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 45 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
1266 302 44 (M) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1266 423 618 (mailbox, see electronic mail, mailbox) SB
1266 482 495 (Maple software archives, 145) SB
1266 541 610 (Mathematica software archives, 145) SB
1266 600 752 (MATLAB numeric computation archives, 143) SB
1266 659 70 (MCI) SB
1341 718 492 (sending electronic mail to, 36) SB
1266 777 181 (Mechanics) SB
1341 836 749 (supercomputer software, 232, 242, 253, 260) SB
1266 895 839 (Medieval and Early Modern Data Bank \(MEMDB\),) SB
1266 941 63 (142) SB
1266 1000 85 (Merit) SB
1341 1059 407 (contact information, 198) SB
1266 1118 209 (Meteorology) SB
1341 1177 382 (databases, online, 123) SB
1341 1236 509 (research networks, see USAN) SB
1341 1295 592 (supercomputer support, see NCAR) SB
1266 1354 436 (metropolitan networks, 12) SB
1266 1413 815 (MFENET \(Magnetic Fusion Energy Network\), 10) SB
1266 1472 139 (MichNet) SB
1341 1531 407 (contact information, 198) SB
1266 1590 187 (MIDnet, 11) SB
1341 1649 407 (contact information, 198) SB
1266 1708 203 (MILNET, 10) SB
1266 1767 298 (Molecular Biology) SB
1341 1826 439 (bibliographies, online, 139) SB
1341 1885 437 (databases, online, 135-40) SB
1341 1944 381 (software archives, 138) SB
1341 2003 579 (supercomputer software, 252, 259) SB
1266 2062 182 (MRNet, 11) SB
1341 2121 407 (contact information, 199) SB
1266 2180 99 (Music) SB
1341 2239 323 (lyrics archives, 145) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 45 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
1266 2360 36 (N) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1266 2481 815 (National Archives Center for Electronic Records,) SB
1266 2527 63 (122) SB
1266 2586 759 (National Public Telecommunications Network) SB
1266 2632 213 (\(NPTN\), 185) SB
1341 2691 414 (and K-12 education, 180) SB
1341 2750 407 (contact information, 214) SB
1266 2809 702 (National Space Science Data Center, 128) SB
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1591 2976 515 (Trademarks and Copyrights) SB
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306 240 671 (NCAR \(National Center for Atmospheric) SB
306 286 315 (Research\), 236-39) SB
306 345 718 (NCSA \(National Center for Supercomputer) SB
306 391 356 (Applications\), 240-46) SB
381 450 388 (Beckman Institute, 242) SB
381 509 728 (Renaissance Experimental Laboratory, 242) SB
306 568 227 (NCSANet, 12) SB
306 627 125 (nCUBE) SB
381 686 700 (at San Diego Supercomputer Center, 259) SB
306 745 221 (NEARnet, 11) SB
381 804 407 (contact information, 199) SB
306 863 597 (NERSC \(National Energy Research) SB
306 909 538 (Supercomputer Center\), 247-50) SB
306 968 176 (NETillinois) SB
381 1027 407 (contact information, 199) SB
306 1086 570 (Netlib mathematical archives, 144) SB
306 1145 189 (NevadaNet) SB
381 1204 407 (contact information, 199) SB
306 1263 365 (Newsday project, 175) SB
306 1322 755 (NICs \(Network Information Centers\), 12, 177) SB
306 1381 750 (NNTP \(Network News Transfer Protocol\), 71) SB
306 1440 192 (NOAA, 124) SB
306 1499 665 (NOCs \(Network Operation Centers\), 12) SB
306 1558 762 (NOCs \(Network Operations Centers\), vii, 177) SB
306 1617 474 (NorthWestNet, iii-iv, 11, 177) SB
381 1676 339 (acceptable use of, v) SB
381 1735 324 (annual meetings, iii) SB
381 1794 407 (contact information, 199) SB
381 1853 210 (described, iii) SB
381 1912 695 (NOC \(Network Operations Center\), vii-viii) SB
456 1958 504 (diagnostic tools repository, viii) SB
456 2004 445 (domain name services, viii) SB
456 2050 679 (NMS \(Network Management Station\), vii) SB
381 2109 400 (services offered, iii, 178) SB
306 2168 735 (NPTN \(National Public Telecommunications) SB
306 2214 237 (Network\), 123) SB
306 2273 694 (NREN \(National Research and Education) SB
306 2319 390 (Network\), iii, 9, 17, 177) SB
381 2378 238 (structure of, iii) SB
381 2437 539 (to obtain current information, 17) SB
306 2496 595 (NSF \(National Science Foundation\)) SB
381 2555 226 (and NREN, iii) SB
306 2614 831 (NSFNET \(National Science Foundation Network\),) SB
306 2660 176 (vi, 10, 176) SB
381 2719 317 (backbone sites, 11) SB
306 2778 577 (NSN \(NASA Science Network\), 10) SB
306 2837 342 (Nuclear Engineering) SB
1341 240 494 (supercomputer software, 260) SB
1266 299 147 (NUSIRG) SB
1341 358 261 (how to use, 3-6) SB
1266 417 708 (NWACC \(Northwest Academic Computing) SB
1266 463 337 (Consortium, Inc.\), iii) SB
1266 522 252 (NYSERNet, 11) SB
1341 581 407 (contact information, 199) SB
32 0 0 50 50 0 0 45 /Times-Roman /font40 ANSIFont font
1266 702 36 (O) SB
32 0 0 38 38 0 0 36 /Helvetica /font16 ANSIFont font
1266 823 135 (OARnet) SB
1341 882 407 (contact information, 199) SB
1266 941 818 (OPACs \(Online Public Access Catalogs\), 102-18) SB
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