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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 113,
+December 27, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 113, December 27, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: April 21, 2012 [EBook #39503]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 27, 1851 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been
+standardized. Characters with macrons have been marked in brackets with
+an =equal= sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on top.
+_Underscores_ have been used to mark _italic_ fonts; emphasis by =letter
+spacing= or =bold= text have been marked with =equal= signs. A list of
+volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the end.]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM FOR INTER-COMMUNICATION
+
+FOR
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+VOL. IV.--No. 113. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 27. 1851.
+
+Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                                Page
+
+
+      NOTES:--
+
+      Historical Coincidences: Barclay and Perkins               497
+
+      Remains of King James II.                                  498
+
+      Shetland Folk Lore:--The Wresting
+      Thread--Ringworm--Burn--Elfshot                            500
+
+      Minor Notes:--Names of Places in Normandy and Orkney       501
+
+      QUERIES:--
+
+      Minor Queries:--Meaning of Ploydes--Green-eyed
+      Monster--Perpetual Lamp--Family of Butts--Greek
+      Names of Fishes--Drimmnitavichillichatan--Chalk-back
+      Day--Moravian Hymns--Rural and Urban Deans--Ducks
+      and Drakes--Vincent Kidder--House at Welling--Shropshire,
+      Price of Land--Legal Time                                  501
+
+      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Thorns of Dauphine--Inscription
+      at Lyons--Turnpikes                                        502
+
+      REPLIES:--
+
+      General James Wolfe                                        503
+
+      "Flemish Account"                                          504
+
+      Pope and Flatman, by Henry H. Breen                        505
+
+      Derivation of "London," by Francis Crossley, &c.           505
+
+      Replies to Minor Queries:--Legend of the Robin
+      Redbreast--Monk and Cromwell--Souling--Clekit House--Peter
+      Talbot--Races in which Children, &c.--Bacon a Poet--Story
+      referred to by Jeremy Taylor--Share of Presbyters in
+      Ordination--Weever's Funeral Monument--Dial Motto
+      at Karlsbad--Cabal--Rectitudines Singularum
+      Personarum--Stanzas in Childe Harold--The Island
+      and Temple of Ægina--Herschel anticipated--Wyle
+      Cop--Macfarlane Manuscripts                                506
+
+      MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     509
+
+      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               510
+
+      Notices to Correspondents                                  510
+
+      Advertisements                                             510
+
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+HISTORICAL COINCIDENCES.
+
+_Barclay and Perkins._
+
+Have you ever amused yourself by tracing historical parallels? did you
+ever note how often one age reflects the character of another, so that
+the stage of real life seems to us at intervals as a theatre on which we
+see represented the passions of the past, its political tendencies, and
+monied speculations; the only change being that of costume, and a wider
+but more modified method of action? So true it is that men change,
+institutions vary, and that human nature is always the same. The church
+reproduces its Laud, the railway exchange its Law, the bench has its
+Mansfield, the Horse Guards its greater Marlborough, and Newgate its
+Mrs. Brownrigg. We have giants as great as King Charles's porter, and a
+Tom Thumb who would have frightened the very _ghosts_ of all departed
+Jeffery Hudsons,--a class not generally accused of fear, except at
+daybreak,--by his unequalled _diminutiveness_. Take the great questions
+which agitate the church and the senate-house, which agitated them in
+the sixteenth, during much of the two following centuries, and you will
+find the same theological, political, commercial, and sanitary questions
+debated with equal honesty, equal truth, and similar prospects of
+satisfactory solution. I confess, however, that for one historical
+coincidence I was unprepared; and that "Barclay and Perkins," in the
+case of assault upon a noted public character, should have an historical
+antecedent in the seventeenth century, has caused me some surprise. It
+is not necessary for me to recall to your attention how Barclay and
+Perkins were noised about on the occasion of the attack on General
+Haynau. The name of the firm was as familiar to our lips as their
+porter:
+
+      "Never came reformation in a flood
+      With such a _heady_ currance."
+
+There had been no similar _émeute_, as I was told by a civic wit, since
+the days of "Vat Tyler." Now let me remind you of the Barclay and
+Perkins and the other Turnham Green men's plot, who conspired to assault
+and assassinate King William III. Mind, the coincidence is only in name.
+The historic parallel is rather of kind than event, but it is not the
+less remarkable when we consider the excitement twice connected with
+these names. The character of James II. may be described as the
+_villainy of weakness_. It possessed nothing of elevation, breadth, or
+strength. It was this weak obliquity which made him deceive his people,
+and led them to subvert the laws, supplant the church, and to become a
+tyrant in the name of religious liberty. His means to recover the throne
+were as mean as the manner of its desertion was despicable. He tried
+cajolery, it failed; the bravery of his Irish soldiers, it was
+unavailing. He next relied on the corruption of Russell, the avarice of
+Marlborough; but as these men were to be bought as well as sold, he put
+his trust finally in any villain who was willing to be hired for
+assassination. In 1692 M. de Grandval, a captain of dragoons, was shot
+in the allied camp, who confessed that King James at St. Germain, in
+the presence of the queen, had engaged him to shoot King William. Four
+years later James had contrived another plot. At the head of this were
+Sir George Barclay and Sir William Perkins, and under their guidance
+twenty men were engaged to assist in the assassination of King William.
+The plan was as follows. It was the custom of the king to hunt near the
+house of Mr. Latten, in the neighbourhood of Brentford, and they
+designed to surprise the king on his return at a hollow part of the road
+between Brentford and Turnham Green, one division of them being placed
+behind some bushes and brushwood at the western end of the Green. Some
+of your correspondents may perhaps fix the spot; but as the Green
+extended then far beyond what it now does, I suspect it was about the
+road leading to Gunnesbury; the road itself I recollect as a boy seeing
+much elevated and improved. The design failed, two of the gang betrayed
+the rest,--Barclay escaped, but Perkins and some others were hung.
+Jeremy Collier attended them on the scaffold, and publicly gave them
+absolution in the name of Christ, and by imposition of hands, for all
+their sins. I need not describe to you the excitement caused by this
+plot of Barclay and Perkins: the event connected with their names, as at
+our later period--
+
+        "Was a theme of all conversation;
+      Had it been a pillar of church and state,
+      Or a prop to support the whole dead weight,
+      It could not have furnished more debate
+        For the heads and tails of the nation."
+
+James closed the drama becomingly; he published a defence of his conduct
+in a paper, the style of which has been well described as the "euphemism
+of assassination." The road between Turnham Green and Kew was long after
+associated with the names of "Barclay and Perkins."
+
+    S.H.
+
+
+REMAINS OF KING JAMES II.
+
+The enclosed copy of an authentic document, obtained through the
+kindness of Mr. Pickford, Her Majesty's consul in Paris, is communicated
+to the publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES", in the belief that it may prove
+acceptable to those who take an interest in the questions raised by the
+articles in Nos. 46. 48. and 56. of that valuable publication.
+
+This document is an "Extract from the Register of the Deliberation of
+the Municipal Council of St. Germain-en-Laye," dated July 12, 1824,
+containing the official report, or _procès-verbal_, of the discovery
+made that day of three boxes, in which were deposited a portion of the
+remains of King James II. and of the Princess Louise-Marie, his
+daughter.
+
+The "annexes" referred to, of the respective dates of September 16 and
+17, A.D. 1701, leave no doubt as to the disposal of the royal corpse at
+that time. With respect to its fate, after its removal from the English
+Benedictine convent in Paris in 1793, as mentioned in the article No.
+46., it is most probable that it shared the fate of other royal relics
+exhumed at the same disastrous period from the vaults of St. Denys,
+which were scattered to the winds, or cast into a common pit.
+
+It may be presumed that the epitaph given in the same document, and
+mentioned as being _such as it had existed_ in the church of St.
+Germain-en-Laye, had disappeared before the date of the "Extract from
+the Register." It probably was destroyed during the first fury of the
+French Revolution in 1793:--
+
+  "République Française.
+
+  "Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité.
+
+  "Ville de Saint Germain-en-Laye.
+
+  "Extrait du Régistre des Déliberations du Conseil Municipal.
+
+  "Séance du 12 Juillet, 1824.
+
+  "Aujourd'hui lundi douze Juillet mil huit cent vingt-quatre, trois
+  heures de relevée, nous Pierre Danès de Montardat, ancien Colonel
+  de Cavalerie, chevalier de l'ordre royal et militaire de St.
+  Louis, Maire de la ville de St. Germain-en-Laye, ayant été informé
+  par MM. les Architectes de la nouvelle église de cette ville, que
+  ce matin, vers sept heures, en faisant la fouille de l'emplacement
+  du nouveau clocher dans l'ancienne chapelle des fonds, on avait
+  découvert successivement trois boites en plomb de différentes
+  formes, placées très près les unes des autres, et dont l'une
+  desquelles portait une inscription gravée sur une table d'étain,
+  constatant qu'elle contient partie des restes du roi Jacques
+  Stuart Second, Roi d'Angleterre, d'Ecosse et d'Irlande. Nous
+  sommes transporté sur le lieu susdésigné accompagné de M. le
+  Compte Bozon de Talleyrand, Lieutenant Général honoraire, Grand'
+  Croix de l'ordre de St. Louis, Gouverneur du Château de St.
+  Germain-en-Laye, de M. Jean Jacques Collignon, curé de cette
+  paroisse royale, de MM. Malpièce et Moutier, architectes de la
+  nouvelle église, de M. Rigault, secrétaire de la Mairie, et de MM.
+  Voisin, Perrin, Baudin, de Beaurepaire (le comte), Dusouchet,
+  Galot, Decan, Dupuis, Jeulin, Journet, Griveau, Dufour, Delaval,
+  Casse et Barbé, membres du Conseil Municipal, et de M. Morin,
+  Commissaire de Police,
+
+  "Où étant, nous avons reconnu et constaté;
+
+  "1'o. Que la première des trois boites susdites (figure A) était
+  en plomb de 0m. 35c. carrés et 0m. 18 centimêtres de hauteur,
+  recouverte d'une plaque en même de 0m. 22 centimêtres carrés,
+  sous laquelle plaque on a trouvé une table en étain de 0m. 20
+  centimêtres de haut, 0m. 15c. de large, portant cette
+  inscription:--
+
+      "'Ici est une portion de la chair et des parties
+      nobles du corps de très haut, très puissant,
+      très excellent Prince Jacques Stuart, second du
+      nom, Roi de la Grande Brétagne; naquit le
+      XXIII Octobre MDCXXXIII, décédé en
+      France, à St. Germain-en-Laye, le XVI Septembre
+      MDCCI.'
+
+  "Au bas de la plaque sont empreintes ses armes.
+
+  "Cette boite est en partie mutilée: elle contient plusieurs
+  portions d'ossements et des restes non encore consommés.
+
+  "La deuxième boite (figure B) circulaire est aussi en plomb de
+  0m. 34 centimêtres de diamétre et 0m. 30c. de hauteur et
+  découverte.
+
+  "La troisième boite (figure C) de 0m. 30c. carrés et 0m. 25
+  centimêtres de hauteur est aussi en plomb et fermée de toutes
+  parts à l'exception d'un trou oxydé.
+
+  "Ces deux dernières boites ne paraissent contenir que des restes
+  consommés. Ces trois boites ont été enlevées, en présence de
+  toutes les personnes dénommées au présent, avec le plus grand soin
+  et transportées dans le Trésor de la Sacristie.
+
+  "Ensuite nous avons fait faire aux archives de la Mairie les
+  recherches nécessaires, et nous avons trouvé sur le régistre de
+  l'année 1701 à la date du 16 Septembre, les actes dont copies
+  seront jointes au présent procès-verbal, ainsi que l'Epitaphe du
+  Roi Jacques, et qui constatent que partie de ses entrailles, de
+  son cerveau avec les poumons et un peu de sa chair, sont restés en
+  dépôt dans cette église pour la consolation des peuples tant
+  Français qu'Anglais, et pour conserver en ce lieu la mémoire d'un
+  si grand et si réligieux prince.
+
+  "Les autres boites sont sans doute les restes de la Princesse
+  Louise Marie d'Angleterre et fille du Roi Jacques Second, décédée
+  à St. Germain le 17 Avril, 1712, ainsi que le constate le régistre
+  de cette année, qui indique qu'une partie des entrailles de cette
+  Princesse a été déposée près des restes de son père.
+
+  "De tout ce que dessus le présent a été rédigé les sus-dits jour,
+  mois et an, et signé de toutes les personnes y dénommées.
+
+  "(Ainsi signé à la minute du procès-verbal.)
+
+      "Suivent les annexes.
+
+  "Du seize Septembre mil sept cent un, à trois heures et vingt
+  minutes après midi, est décédé dans le château vieil de ce lieu,
+  très haut, très puissant et très réligieux Prince Jacques Stuart,
+  second du nom, Roi d'Angleterre, d'Ecosse et d'Irlande, âgé de 67
+  ans 11 mois, également regretté des peuples de France et
+  d'Angleterre, et surtout des habitans de ce lieu et autres qui
+  avaient été temoins oculaires de ses excellentes vertus et de sa
+  réligion, pour laquelle il avait quitté toutes ses couronnes, les
+  cédant à un usurpateur dénaturé, ayant mieux aimé vivre en bon
+  chrétien éloigné de ses états, et faire par ses infortunes et sa
+  patience, triompher la réligion catholique, que de régner lui-même
+  au milieu d'un peuple mutin et hérétique. Sa dernière maladie
+  avait duré quinze jours, pendant lesquels il avait reçu deux fois
+  le St. Viatique et l'extrême onction par les mains de Messire Jean
+  François de Benoist, Docteur de la Maison de Sorbonne, prieur et
+  curé de ce lieu, son propre pasteur, avec des sentimens d'une
+  humilité profonde, qu'après avoir pardonné à tous les siens
+  rebelles et ses plus cruels ennemis, il demanda même pardon à ses
+  officiers, s'il leur avait donné quelque sujet de chagrin. Il
+  avait donné aussi des marques de sa tendresse et réligion au
+  Sérénissime Prince de Galles, son fils, digne héritier de ses
+  couronnes aussi bien que de ses vertus, auquel il recommanda de
+  n'avoir jamais d'autre règle de sa conduite que les maximes de
+  l'Evangile, d'honorer toujours sa très vertueuse mère, aux soins
+  de laquelle il le laissait, de se souvenir des bontés que Sa
+  Majesté très chrétienne lui avait toujours témoigné, et de plutôt
+  renoncer à tous ses états que d'abandonner la foi de Jésus-Christ.
+  Tout le peuple tant de ce lieu que des environs ont eu la
+  consolation de lui rendre les derniers devoirs et de la visiter
+  pour la dernière fois en son lit de parade, où il demeura
+  vingt-quatre heures exposé en vue, pendant lesquelles il fut
+  assisté du clergé de cette église, des révérends pères Récollets
+  et des Loges, qui ne cesseront pas de prier pour le repos de l'âme
+  de cet illustre héros du nom chrétien que le Seigneur récompense
+  d'une couronne éternelle.
+
+    "Signé, P. PARMENTIER, Secrétaire."
+
+  "Du dix-septième jour (même année) sur les huit heures et demie du
+  soir, fut enlevé du château vieil de ce lieu, le corps de très
+  haut, très puissant et réligieux monarque Jacques Stuart, second
+  du nom, Roi d'Angleterre, d'Ecosse et d'Irlande, après avoir été
+  embaumé en la manière accoutumée, pour être conduit aux Réligieux
+  Bénédictins Anglais de Paris, faubourg St. Jacques, accompagné
+  seulement de soixante gardes et trois carosses à la suite, ainsi
+  qu'il avait ordonné pour donner encore après sa mort un exemple de
+  détachement qu'il avait eu pendant sa vie des vanités du monde,
+  n'étant assisté que de ses aumoniers et de Messire Jean François
+  de Benoist, prêtre, Docteur de la Maison de Sorbonne, prieur et
+  curé de ce lieu, son propre pasteur, qui ne l'avait point
+  abandonné dans toute sa maladie, l'ayant consolé dans tous ses
+  maux d'une manière édifiante et autant pleine d'onction qu'on
+  puisse désirer du pasteur zélé pour le salut de ses ouailles. Son
+  coeur fut en même tems porté dans l'Eglise des Réligieuses de
+  Chaillot; une partie de ses entrailles, de son cerveau, avec ses
+  poumons et un peu de sa chair, sont restés en dépôt dans cette
+  église, pour la consolation des peuples tant Français qu'Anglais
+  et pour conserver en ce lieu la mémoire d'un si grand et si
+  réligieux prince.
+
+    "Signé, P. PARMENTIER, Secrétaire."
+
+  "Epitaphe de Jacques Second, Roi de la Grande Brétagne, telle
+  qu'elle existait dans l'Eglise de St. Germain-en-Laye:--
+
+                   "'A. Regi Regum
+                  felicique memoriæ
+           Jacobi II. Majoris Britanniæ Regis
+            Qui sua hic viscera condi voluit
+          Conditus ipse in visceribus Christi.
+          Fortitudine bellicâ nulli secundus,
+             Fide Christianâ cui non par?
+             Per alteram quid non ausus?
+           Propter alteram quid non passus?
+                 Illâ plus quam heros
+                  Istâ propè martyr.
+
+                      Fide fortis
+         Accensus periculis, erectus adversis.
+
+            Nemo Rex magìs, cui regna quatuor
+         Anglia, Scotia, Hibernia--Ubi quartum?
+                       Ipse sibi.
+                   Tria eripi potuere
+                Quartum intactum mansit.
+       Priorum defensio, Exercitus qui defecerunt
+      Postremi tutelæ, virtutes nunquam transfugæ.
+
+             Quin nec illa tria erepta omnino.
+           Instar Regnorum est Ludovicus hospes
+      Sarcit amicitia talis tantæ sacrilegia perfidiæ,
+             Imperat adhuc qui sic exulat.
+
+            Moritur, ut vixit, fide plenus
+            Eòque advolat quò fides ducit
+             Ubi nihil perfidia potest.
+
+        Non fletibus hic, canticis locus est.
+           Aut si flendum, flenda Anglia.'
+
+  "Pour copies conformes, Le Maire de St. Germain," &c.
+
+The authenticity of the signature attested by Her Britannic Majesty's
+consul in Paris, Dec. 11, 1850.
+
+
+SHETLAND FOLK LORE.
+
+_The Wresting Thread._--When a person has received a sprain, it is
+customary to apply to an individual practised in casting the "wrested
+thread." This is thread spun from black wool, on which are cast _nine_
+knots, and tied round a sprained leg or arm. During the time the
+operator is putting the thread round the affected limb, he says, in a
+muttering tone, in such a manner as not to be understood by the
+bystanders, nor even by the person operated upon--
+
+      "The Lord rade (rode),
+      And the foal slade (slipped);
+      He lighted,
+      An she righted.
+      Set joint to joint[1],
+      Bone to bone,
+      And sinew to sinew,
+      Heal in the Holy Ghost's name!!!"
+
+  [Footnote 1: This charm is remarkable for its resemblance to an
+  early German one found by Grimm in a MS. of the tenth century,
+  originally published by him in 1842, and to be found, with
+  references to Norwegian, Swedish, Flemish, and this Scottish
+  version, in the second edition of his _Deutsche Mythologie_, s.
+  1181-2.--ED.]
+
+_Ringworm._--The person affected with ringworm takes a little ashes
+between the forefinger and thumb, three successive mornings, and before
+taking any food, and holding the ashes to the part affected, says--
+
+      "Ringworm! ringworm red!
+      Never mayst thou spread or speed,
+      But aye grow less and less,
+      And die away among the ase (ashes)."
+
+_Burn._--To cure a burn, the following words are used:--
+
+      "Here come I to cure a burnt sore;
+      If the dead knew what the living endure,
+      The burnt sore would burn no more."
+
+The operator, after having repeated the above, blows his breath three
+times upon the burnt place.
+
+_Elfshot._--A notion is prevalent, that when a cow is suddenly taken
+ill, she is elfshot; that is, that a kind of spirits called "trows,"
+different in their nature from fairies, have discharged a stone arrow at
+her, and wounded her with it. Though no wound can be seen externally,
+there are different persons, both male and female, who pretend to feel
+it in the flesh, and to cure it by repeating certain words over the cow.
+They also fold a sewing needle in a leaf taken from a particular part of
+a psalm book, and sew it in the hair of the cow; which is considered not
+only as an infallible cure, but which also serves as a charm against
+future attacks. This is nearly allied to a practice which was at one
+time very prevalent, and of which some traces may perhaps still exist,
+in what would be considered a more civilised part of the country, of
+wearing a small piece of the branch of the rowan tree, wrapped round
+with red thread, and sewn into some part of the garments, to guard
+against the effects of an "evil eye," or witchcraft:
+
+      "Rowan-tree and red thread
+      Puts the witches to their speed."
+
+In the neighbourhood of Peterhead, there lived, a few years ago, a
+famous exorcist, whose ancestors had for several generations practised
+the same profession. He was greatly resorted to by parties in the Buchan
+district, for curing elfshot cattle, cows whose milk had been
+surreptitiously taken away, to recover stolen property and find out
+thieves, and put a stop to "cloddings." This latter description of
+_diablerie_, is just a repetition of the Cock Lane ghost's tricks, and
+occasionally yet occurs. On one occasion the exorcist was bearded in his
+own den: for about twenty-five years ago a terrible "clodding" took
+place at a farm-house in the parish of Longside, a mile or two from his
+own; it defied the united efforts of priest and layman to lay it, and
+the operator was called in, and while in the middle of one of his most
+powerful exorcisms, was struck on the side of his head with a piece of
+peat. The annoyance continued a few weeks, and then ceased altogether.
+In the parish of Banchory Ternan, about seven years ago, a "clodding"
+took place, which created considerable sensation in the district.
+
+    DUNROSSNESS.
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Names of Places in Normandy and Orkney._--In reading Depping's _History
+of the Norman Maritime Expeditions_, my attention was directed to
+Appendix IX. vol. ii. p. 339., "Des Noms Topographiques de Normandie
+dont l'origine est étrangère." Many of the names given there resemble
+those in Orkney. I note a few of them.
+
+Depedal. Deepdale, a secluded valley near Kirkwall; _Dalv_, Icelandic, a
+valley.
+
+Auppegard, Eppegard in Normandy; Kongsgarth, Herdmansgarth in Orkney;
+Icelandic _Gardr_, a field, an enclosure.
+
+Cape La Hogue, derived by M. Depping from _hougr_, a promontory; Hoxay
+in Orkney, _hougs_ and _ay_, an island. _Haugs-eid_, isthmus of the
+hillock, is another derivation.
+
+Cherbourg, Dep. p. 331.; Suhm, in a note appended, finds the root in his
+tongue, _skiair_, _skeer_; Icelandic _Sker_, a sea-rock, the Orkney
+_Skerry_, an islet covered at high water.
+
+Houlmes, near Rouen; the Orkney _Holm_, a small island generally
+uninhabited.
+
+Yvetot; Toft common in Orkney.
+
+Bye, a dwelling, is the Orkney Bu or Boo, a pure Icelandic word.
+
+Other instances could be given; and there is nothing remarkable in this
+when it is considered that the invaders of Orkney and Normandy were the
+same people at the same period, and the better preservation of the Norse
+tongue in Orkney is readily to be accounted for. In Normandy the
+language of the invaders was lost in the French in a very short space of
+time, while the Norse continued the language of Orkney and Zetland
+during their subjection to the Norwegian earls for a period of 600
+years; and only last year, 1850, it was that an old man in Unst in
+Zetland, who could speak Norse, died at the age of eighty-seven years;
+and except there be in Foula (Fougla, the fowls' island, called Thule in
+the Latin charters of its proprietors) a person living who can speak it,
+that old tongue is extinct in Britain.
+
+    W.H.F.
+
+
+
+
+Queries.
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_357. Meaning of Ploydes._--Perhaps the gentleman who has directed his
+attention to the folk lore of Lancashire (Vol. iii., p. 55.) can tell
+the meaning of the word _ploydes_ in the following rhythmical proverb.
+The three parishes of Prescot, Huyton, and Childwall adjoin each other,
+and lie to the east of Liverpool:--
+
+      Prescot, Huyton, and merry Childow,
+      Three parish churches, all in a row;
+      Prescot for mugs, Huyton for _ploydes_,
+      And Childow for ringing and singing besides."
+
+    ST. JOHNS.
+
+_358. Green-eyed Monster._--Whence the origin of the "Green-eyed
+Monster"? The Italians considered a green iris beautiful, thus Dante
+makes Beatrice have "emerald eyes;" again, the Spaniards are loud in
+their praise. Whence, then, the epithet in its present sense?
+
+    [?]
+
+_359. Perpetual Lamp._--The ancient Romans are said to have preserved
+lights in their sepulchres many ages by the oiliness of gold, resolved
+by art into a liquid substance. And it is reported that, at the
+dissolution of monasteries, in the time of Henry VIII., there was a lamp
+found that had then burnt in a tomb from about 300 years after Christ,
+nearly 1200 years.
+
+Two of these subterranean lamps are to be seen in the Museum of Rarities
+at Leyden in Holland. One of these lamps, in the papacy of Paul III.,
+was found in the tomb of Tullia, Cicero's daughter, which had been shut
+up 1550 years.
+
+From 2nd edit. of N. Bailey, φιλόλογος, 1731.
+
+    B.B.
+
+_360. Family of Butts._--A very great favour would be conferred, if any
+of your antiquarian correspondents would give me information respecting
+the family of Butts of Thornage, co. Norfolk, of which were Sir William
+Butts, physician to Hen. VIII.; and Robert Butts, Bishop of Norwich, and
+afterwards of Ely. The principal object of the querist is to know
+whether this family sprang from that of But, Butte, or Butts, which
+attained great civic eminence in Norwich during the thirteenth and two
+following centuries.
+
+    COWGILL.
+
+_361. Greek Names of Fishes._--Can any of your learned correspondents
+inform me upon what authority the Greek names of fishes occurring in the
+following verses from the _Vespæ_, 493, are translated "sprats" and
+"mackerel?" I have only Donnegan's very unsatisfactory compilation here.
+
+      "ἢν μὲν ὠνῆταί τις ὀρφῶς, μεμβράδας δὲ μὴ θέλῃ,
+      εὐθέως εἴρηχ' ὁ πωλῶν πλησίον τὰς μεμβράδας·
+      οὗτος ὀψωνεῖν ἔοιχ' ἄνθρωπος ἐπὶ τυραννίδι," &c.
+
+    NICÆENSIS.
+
+_362. Drimmnitavichillichatan._--Some twenty or thirty years ago there
+used to appear regularly in the _Aberdeen_ and _Belfast Almanack's_ list
+of fairs, one held annually at the above place in the month of May.
+Could any correspondent inform me where it is situated? I think it is in
+Argyle or Inverness-shires; but should like to know the precise
+locality, as it is not mentioned in any work to which I have access at
+present.
+
+    X.Y.Z.
+
+_363. Chalk-back Day._--At Diss, Norfolk, it is customary for the
+juvenile populace, on the Thursday before the third Friday in September
+(on which latter day a fair and "session" for hiring servants are held),
+to mark and disfigure each other's dress with white chalk, pleading a
+prescriptive right to be mischievous on "chalk-back day." Does such a
+practice exist elsewhere, and what is its origin?
+
+    S. W. RIX.
+
+  Beccles.
+
+364. _Moravian Hymns._--Can any of your readers give me an account of
+the earlier editions of the Moravian hymns? In the _Oxford Magazine_ for
+July, 1769, some extraordinary specimens are given, which profess to be
+taken from "a book of private devotions, printed for the use of the
+Unitas Fratrum, or Moravians." One of them is--
+
+      "To you, ye wounds, we pay
+      A thousand tears a-day,
+      That you have us presented
+      With many happy virgin rows.
+      Since the year forty,
+      Pappa! mamma!
+      Your hearts Flamlein,
+      Brother Flamlein,
+      Gives the creatures
+      Virgin hearts and features."
+
+The others look still more like burlesque. I cannot find them in any
+Moravian hymn-book which I have seen; and have searched the British
+Museum in vain for that which is referred to in the _Oxford Magazine_.
+Are they genuine, or a fabrication of Anti-moravians?
+
+    P. H.
+
+365. _Rural and Urban Deans._--The name and office of _rural dean_ is
+familiar to every one; but may I ask your clerical readers in London, or
+in any other of the large towns of England, whether the office of dean
+is still existing among them; or have the _urban deans_ altogether
+ceased to be chosen and to act?
+
+    W. FRASER.
+
+366. _Ducks and Drakes._--When a man squanders his fortune, he is said
+in vulgar parlance to "make ducks and drakes of his money." Does this
+odd expression allude to the thoughtless school-boy practice of throwing
+stones as nearly as possible on a parallel with the surface of the
+water, whose elastic quality causes them frequently to rebound before
+they sink? In my younger days this amusement (so to speak) was called
+"ducks and drakes."
+
+    M. W. B.
+
+  Bruges.
+
+367. _Vincent Kidder._--I shall be much obliged by any information
+respecting the descent of Vincent Kidder of Aghaboe in the Queen's
+County, Ireland, who held a commission as major in Cromwell's army. He
+married Ellen Loftus, the granddaughter of Sir Thos. Loftus of Killyan,
+one of the sons of Adam Loftus, Archbishop of Dublin; and, in 1670, had
+a grant of forfeited lands in the county of Kilkenny. I have reason to
+believe that he sprang from a family of that name in Sussex. His son,
+also named Vincent, was a lieutenant in Cottingham's regiment at the
+battle of the Boyne, Master of the Goldsmith's Company in Dublin in
+1696, and High Sheriff of Dublin in 1718. He married Elizabeth, the
+daughter of ---- Proudfoot, and left issue. I shall be glad of any
+information as to the marriage of the last-named Vincent, and as to the
+family of Proudfoot.
+
+    C. (Streatham.)
+
+368. _House at Welling._--Every one who has travelled on the
+carriage-road between London and Erith must have noticed at the end of
+the village of Welling an old-looking house, with high garden walls, and
+a _yew_ hedge about thrice the height of the walls. It is said that one
+of our English poets once inhabited this house; but _who_? is a Query to
+which no one seems able to give an answer. Perhaps some of your numerous
+correspondents may have a Note on the subject, and would kindly furnish
+it. It is said by some to have been Young, the author of the _Night
+Thoughts_; but this again is denied by others.
+
+    B.
+
+369. _Shropshire, Price of Land._--What was the average number of years'
+purchase at which land sold in Shropshire and Montgomery between 1770
+and '80? Is there any book where information on this subject can be
+found?
+
+    B. R. I.
+
+370. _Legal Time._--The town clerk of Exeter, a short time since, in
+reply to the question "What is legal time?" said, that "one of the
+courts of law had decided (in reference to a young lady becoming of age
+in London) that St. Paul's was so." Now St. Paul's, as well as all other
+London clocks, keeps Greenwich time. Query, _Is_ St. Paul's time legal
+time? Is it so because it is the cathedral clock of London, or because
+it is a commonly recognised standard of time for London?
+
+    EXON.
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Thorns of Dauphine._--What is the meaning of the proverb mentioned by
+Bishop Jeremy Taylor:
+
+  "The Thorns of Dauphine will never fetch blood, if they do not
+  scratch the first day?"--_Sermon XVI._ "Of Growth in Sin," p. 319.
+  Lond. 1678. fol.
+
+    RT.
+
+  Warmington.
+
+  [Montaigne, in his _Essays_, book i. chap. lvii., quotes this
+  proverb, and gives a clue to its meaning. He says: "For my part I
+  believe our souls are adult at twenty, as much as they are ever
+  like to be, and as capable then as ever. A soul that has not by
+  that time given evident earnest of its force and virtue will never
+  after come to proof. Natural parts and excellences produce what
+  they have of vigorous and fine within that term, or never:
+
+      'Si l'espine non picque quand nai,
+      A peue que picque jamai,'
+
+  as they say in Dauphiny."]
+
+_Inscription at Lyons._--In Bishop Burnet's _Travels_ (1685), he
+mentions a monumental inscription which he saw at Lyons, of a certain
+lady, "Quæ nimia pia"--"Facta est Impia," whom he conjectures, and with
+some probability, to have been a Christian lady, declared impious
+because she refused to confess the "Gods many and Lords many" of the
+heathen. The conclusion of the epitaph is perplexing: it states that her
+husband dedicated it to her and her son's memory--under "the axe"--"Sub
+asciâ dedicavit." I have looked in vain for any explanation of this
+expression, in any account within my reach of Roman funerals: possibly
+some of your correspondents may help me to an explanation. Burnet, while
+he is acute in noting the contradictory expression above, wholly
+overlooks this. It may mean that her husband performed this act of piety
+in the face of danger and persecution,--as we should say, "with the axe
+hanging over his head;" but then the epitaph commences with the letters
+D. M., signifying "Diis Manibus," leading to the conclusion that the
+husband was not himself a Christian, though respecting Christianity in
+the person of his wife. I had not originally intended to copy the
+epitaph; but as it is not long, and may help the speculations of your
+readers who have not access to Burnet's _Travels_, p. 5., now a rare
+book, I subjoin it:--
+
+                    "D. M.
+              Et memoriæ eternæ
+                Sutiæ Anthidis
+        Quæ vixit Annis XXV. M. XI. DV.
+            Quæ dum nimia pia fuit
+                Facta est Impia
+                      et
+               Attio Probatiolo
+      Cecalius Callistio Conjux et Pater
+                 et sibi vivo
+               Ponendum Curavit
+                      et
+             Sub ascia dedicavit."
+
+    A. B. R.
+
+  [Our correspondent will find a more correct reading of this
+  inscription, with some remarks on Bishop Burnet's account of it,
+  in _Reflexions on Dr. Gilbert Burnet's Travels into Switzerland,
+  Italy, and certain Parts of Germany and France, &c._, divided into
+  five letters. Written originally in Latin, by Mons. ***, and now
+  done into English. 1688, pp. 23-29.]
+
+_Turnpikes._--What is the earliest instance and origin of this word, and
+when did the system of turnpikes commence? In the will of Walter
+Ildryzerd, of Bury, dated 1468, mention is made of two pastures without
+the town "j vocat' _Turnepyke_."
+
+    BURIENSIS.
+
+  [Turnpikes or barriers were erected as early as A.D. 1267, as we
+  find a grant of a penny for each waggon passing through a manor.
+  See _Index or Catalogue of the Patent Rolls_, Hen. III. 51., m.
+  21., "Quod I. de Ripariis capiat in feod. 1 denar. de qualibet
+  carectâ transeunte per maneria sua de Thormerton et Littleton, co.
+  Glouc." A toll was also imposed in the reign of Edward III. for
+  repairing the road between St. Giles and Temple Bar.]
+
+
+
+
+Replies.
+
+
+GENERAL JAMES WOLFE.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 438.)
+
+In answer to the Queries put to me by [Gh.] I have to state--
+
+1st. That I am totally unable to give any information relative to the
+family of Mrs. Wolfe.
+
+2d. Edward Wolfe was not, I believe, a native of Westerham, and only
+resided there when not on active duty. His wife lived there some years,
+but could only have been staying temporarily in the house where her son
+was born, as it always was the residence of the vicar; the room, named
+after him, is still pointed out where James Wolfe drew his first breath.
+Quebec House was only rented by Edward Wolfe: to this house James was
+very early removed, and, as I have always been informed, always resided
+in it till he entered on his military studies; if so, he must have been
+educated in the neighbourhood.
+
+3rd. Sir Jeffrey Amherst is the same person as [Gh.] alludes to; I was
+wrong, perhaps, in using the term "patronise." Wolfe and he were,
+however, staunch friends through life; Amherst ever encouraged Wolfe,
+who was liable to fits of despondency, and always represented him at
+head quarters as one worthy of a high command in those trying times.
+Amherst was afterwards executor to Mrs. Wolfe's will.
+
+I feel gratified that the letters mentioned corroborate my assertion as
+to his birth; not only is the date I gave on the tablet in Westerham
+church, but was informed of the various accounts by a former curate of
+Westerham, who assured me the date on the tablet was the correct one.
+
+The circumstance of Barré's friendship with Wolfe is interesting, and I
+am now enabled to mention another friend, on whom Wolfe equally relied,
+viz. General Hugh Debbieg, who fought with him at Louisbourgh, and
+afterwards followed him to Quebec, where he directed part of the
+engineering operations.
+
+The soldier who supported Wolfe after he received his death-wound, was
+named James; he was in the artillery; he likewise served at Louisbourgh
+and Quebec, and survived till 1812, when he died at Carlisle Castle,
+where he had been stationed for many years as a bombardier, aged
+ninety-two.
+
+In no notice of him I have read, is he mentioned as having been at
+Carthagena. The _Penny Cyclopædia_ mentions the chief engagements he was
+in, but makes no allusion to Carthagena whatever.
+
+Southey and Gleig contemplated writing the life of Wolfe; but some
+unknown circumstance prevented the completion of so laudable a design.
+
+In George's _Westerham Journal_ is a curious account of Mrs. Wolfe
+adopting a young man named Jacob Wolfe, and of Lord Amherst obtaining,
+by her representations, a place of 700_l._ a-year for him. It is
+extracted from Trusler's _Memoirs_; but being too lengthy for insertion
+in "NOTES AND QUERIES," I will copy it out, if [Gh.] wishes to have it.
+
+In Thackery's _Life of the Earl of Chatham_ is mentioned the following
+anecdote, which I have often seen otherwise applied: George II. was once
+expressing his admiration of Wolfe, when some one observed that the
+General was mad. "Oh! mad is he?" said the King; "then I wish he would
+bite some of my other generals." Other information occurs in the same
+work.
+
+I have learnt that a family named Wolfe was settled at Saffron Walden,
+Essex, in the last century, and the obituary of _Sylvanus Urban for
+1794_, p. 770., records the death of the lady of Thomas Wolfe, Esq., of
+that place. Does this give a clue as to the county in which George Wolfe
+settled?
+
+I had intended to have applied myself to "NOTES AND QUERIES" relative to
+our hero; and though I have been anticipated, I will still endeavour to
+follow up my enquiries, and all I can obtain shall be at the service of
+[Gh.], in the hope that something substantial may be done to rescue from
+the comparative oblivion the life of one of England's greatest sons.
+
+    H. G. D.
+
+
+"FLEMISH ACCOUNT."
+
+(Vol. i., p. 8.)
+
+The following examples may serve as further illustrations towards
+determining the origin and use of the expression.
+
+I.
+
+     "Within this hall neither rich nor yett poore
+      Wold do for me ought although I shold dye.
+      Which seeing, I gat me out of the doore,
+      Where _Flemynges_ began on me for to cry,
+      'Master, what will you copen or by?
+      Fyne felt hattes, or spectacles to reede?
+      Lay down your silver, and here you may speede'"
+
+      _Minor Poems_ of Lydgate [1420]. London,
+      Lackpenny. Ed. Per. Soc. 1840, p. 105.
+
+This is curious, as indicating that the word "Fleming," in the fifteenth
+century, had become almost synonymous with "trader."
+
+II.
+
+      "_Julia._ I have heard enough of England: have you nothing
+                    to return upon the Netherlands?
+
+      "_Beamont._ Faith, very little to any purpose. He has been
+                beforehand with us, _as his countrymen are in
+                their Trade_, and taken up so many vices for the
+                use of England, that he has left almost none for
+                the Low Countries."
+
+      Dryden's _Dutch at Amboyna_, Act II. Sc. 8.
+
+      "_Towerson._ Tell 'em I seal that service with my blood;
+                And, dying, wish to all their factories,
+                And all the famous merchants of our isle,
+                That wealth their generous industry deserves,
+                But dare not hope it with _Dutch partnership_."
+
+      _Ibid._ Act V. Sc. last.
+
+III.
+
+                         "Yet, Urswick,
+                We'll not abate one penny, what in Parliament
+                Hath freely been contributed; we must not:
+                Money gives soul to action. Our competitor
+                _The Flemish counterfeit_, with James of Scotland,
+                Will prove what courage need and want can nourish,
+                Without the food of fit supplies."
+
+      Ford [1634], _Perkin Warbeck_, Act III. Sc. 1.
+
+      "_Cuddy._ Yes, I was ten days together there the last
+                Shrove-tide.
+
+      "_2nd Clown._ How could that be, when there are but seven days
+                in the week?
+
+      "_Cuddy._ Prithee, peace! I reckon _stila nova_ as a
+                traveller; thou understandest as a freshwater
+                farmer, that never saw'st a week beyond sea. _Ask
+                any soldier that ever received his pay but in the
+                Low Countries, and he'll tell thee there are Eight
+                days in the week there hard by._ How dost thou think
+                they rise in High Germany, Italy, and those remoter
+                places?"--Rowley, Decker, and Ford.
+
+      _Witch of Edmonton_, Act III. Sc. 1.
+
+"This passage is explained by the following lines of Butler:
+
+      'The soldier does it every day,
+      _Eight to the week_, for sixpence pay.'"
+
+      Note by the Editor, Hartley Coleridge, in the
+      Glossary. Ed. London: Moxon, 1839.
+
+IV. De Thou gives the following anecdote, when speaking of a defeat,
+more disgraceful, however, than disastrous, which befel the French on
+the borders of Flanders, A.D. 1555, in which many nobles and gentry were
+captured by the Flemings:
+
+  "Cùm delectus illi ex CCCC peditibus et MCC equitibus conflati,
+  quorum dux erat Jallius ex primariâ in Andibus nobilitatæ vir, in
+  hosticum excurrissent, et magnas prædas abegissent, dum redirent
+  solutis ordinibus homines ut plurimum militiæ ignari, inter
+  Rigiacum Atrebatum et Bapalmam, ab Alsimontio loci illius præfecto
+  secus viam et oppositam silvam ac subjectum rivum, insidiis
+  excepti sunt, et ab exiguo numero cæsi, ac majorem partem, cum
+  effugium non esset capti, non sine verborum ludibrio, nimirum,
+  _Nobiles Galliæ non appensos a Belgis capi_! Quod dicebatur
+  allusione factâ ad Monetæ aureæ Anglicanæ genus, quod vulgò
+  nobilium nomine indigitatur."--Thuani _Hist._ lib. XVI. ad. a.
+  1555, tom. i. p. 494. ed. Genev. 1626.
+
+  "When these levies, made up of 400 foot soldiers and 1200
+  horsemen, whose leader was La Jaille, one of the principal
+  nobility of Anjou, had made a foray on the enemy's border, and
+  driven off an immense booty; upon their retreat, which, being men
+  for the most part utterly ignorant of military service, they
+  conducted with great disorder, between Arras and Bapaume, they
+  were entrapped by Osmand, who commanded in those parts, into an
+  ambuscade set for them close to their line of march, with a wood
+  in their front and a river below them. A few of them were slain,
+  but the greater part, inasmuch as there was no way of escape, were
+  taken prisoners: which gave occasion to the following satirical
+  play upon words: '_That Flemings had taken French Nobles without
+  first weighing them!_' The play on the words, of course, alluding
+  to the English gold coins commonly known by the name of 'the
+  noble.'"
+
+The last instance shows the common opinion entertained of the Flemings,
+as being traders far too keen to take any coin except it were of full
+tale and weight. And although the expression "Flemish account" may have
+originated from their practice as merchants, yet, from the second
+instance quoted from Ford and Decker, it may not unreasonably be
+inferred that it received greater currency from their method of paying
+the soldiers who also served as mercenaries in the wars of the Low
+Countries.
+
+    E. A. D.
+
+
+POPE AND FLATMAN.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 132.)
+
+MR. BARTON, in his "Note" on Pope and Flatman, inquires whether the
+coincidence mentioned by him has been noticed before. I believe it has,
+by more than one commentator, and among others by Croly in his edition
+of Pope, London, E. J. Valpy, 1835. Dr. Croly introduces the ode of "The
+Dying Christian to his Soul," with these remarks, from which it will be
+seen that Flatman was not the only source of Pope's inspiration:
+
+  "Pope, in a letter to Steele, at whose suggestion he had adopted
+  the subject, gives this brief history of his composition:--'You
+  have it,' he says, 'as Cowley calls it, warm from the brain; it
+  came to me the first moment I waked this morning; yet you'll see
+  it was not so absolutely inspiration but that I had in my head not
+  only the verses of Hadrian, but the fine fragment of Sappho.' Pope
+  omitted to observe the close similarity of his lines to those of
+  Flatman, an obscure writer of the century before. Between his
+  rough versification and the polished elegance of Pope there can be
+  no comparison; but the thoughts are the same. Prior translated
+  Hadrian's ode with more fidelity, but less good fortune."
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia.
+
+
+DERIVATION OF "LONDON."
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 437.)
+
+I beg to suggest that the word _London_ is derived from the Celtic
+_Luan_, "the moon," and _dun_, "a city on a hill;" thus _Luandun_ would
+mean "the city of the moon," _i.e._ of "the temple of the moon." I have
+seen it stated somewhere, that the site of St. Paul's was formerly that
+of a temple of Diana: if this be true, it gives weight to my definition
+of the word. I would also suggest that the name of _Greenwich_ is
+indicative of the religious worship of the ancient people of Britain; as
+_Grian_ is "the sun" in Celtic, and no doubt Greenwich could boast of
+its "Grynean grove."
+
+      "His tibi Grynæi nemoris dicatur origo:
+      Ne quis sit lucus, quo se plus jactet Apollo."
+
+    FRANCIS CROSSLEY.
+
+M. C. E. is referred to the two following passages from Fuller, if he
+has not already met with them:--
+
+  "That it was so termed from _Lan Dian_, a temple of Diana
+  (standing where now St. Paul's doth) is most likely, in my
+  opinion."--_Worthies_, art. "London."
+
+  "This renders their conceit not unlikely who will have London so
+  called from _Llan Dian_, which signifieth in British, 'the temple
+  of Diana.'"--_Church History_, i. § 2.
+
+    J. EASTWOOD.
+
+The name of _London_ is certainly older than the Romans, and is
+probably, therefore, as your correspondent says, British. Its
+significance, if any, therefore, is to be sought in Welsh. Now, your
+correspondent is certainly quite wrong as to the meaning of _Llan_ in
+Welsh. It always means, here at any rate, _church_, not _plain_.
+Possibly your correspondent was thinking of _Llano_. The word is written
+in Welsh _Llyndon_, or _Llyndain_, which also speaks against its being
+compounded with _Llan_. The word certainly _might_ mean anything: but I
+know of no satisfactory explanation having been given for it as yet. The
+only words for _town_ in Welsh are, I believe, _tre_ "city," or _caer_
+"castle,"--as parts of compound words, I mean.
+
+    SC.
+
+  Carmarthen.
+
+I cannot think that M. C. E.'s etymology of _London_ is a correct one;
+nor did I know that the British _Llan_ means a "level place generally."
+I take it that originally _Llan_ meant no more than "an inclosure," as
+we see in _winllan_, "a vineyard," "an inclosure for vines;" _perllan_,
+"an orchard" (literally a pear-yard). As churchyards were probably for
+some time almost the only inclosures in their districts, this will
+explain why the names of churches in Wales so commonly begin with
+_Llan_. Llanvair, Llanilltid, Llandilo, &c. were the _inclosures_, or
+yards, in which churches dedicated to St. Mary, St. Iltyd, St. Teilo,
+&c. were built, though in the course of time these names became applied
+to the churches themselves. The word _don_ is nothing more than _din_,
+or _dinas_, "a fortress," as we see in Lugdunum, Virodunum, Londinium,
+Dumbarton, Dunmore, &c.
+
+Old chroniclers say that the city of London was nearly, if not entirely,
+surrounded by water, which on the north, north-east, and south sides
+spread out into considerable lakes. Present names of localities in and
+about the City show traces of this. Finsbury and Moorfields take their
+names from the fens and moors, or meres, which were partially reclaimed
+from the lake which spread to the north and north-east, almost from the
+city wall. To the south the Thames extended far beyond its present
+boundary, forming an extensive lake. _Fen_church Street, _Turnmill_
+Street, _Fleet_ Street, show that there were streams and fens to the
+east and west.
+
+Bearing in mind that British names were generally descriptive of the
+locality, may not the situation of old London furnish a clue to its
+etymology? Was not London then truly and descriptively _Llyn-dun_, or
+_Llin-dun_, the fortified place or fortress in or on the _lyn_ or lake?
+
+    CUDYN GWYN.
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Legend of the Robin Redbreast_ (Vol. ii., p. 164.).--The following
+beautiful legend of the Robin Redbreast, which I have just met with, was
+quite new to me. If you think it likely to be so to T. Y. or any other
+of your readers, you will perhaps find a place for it.
+
+  "_Eusebia._--Like that sweet superstition current in Brittany,
+  which would explain the cause why the robin redbreast has always
+  been a favourite and _protégé_ of man. While our Saviour was
+  bearing HIS cross, one of these birds, they say, took one thorn
+  from HIS crown, which dyed its breast; and ever since that time
+  robin redbreasts have been the friends of man."--_Communications
+  with the Unseen World_, p. 26.
+
+    W. FRASER.
+
+_Monk and Cromwell_ (Vol. iv., p. 381.).--Will your correspondent state
+by what _intermarriage_ the estate granted to the Duke of Albemarle,
+vested in Oliver Cromwell, who died in 1821; and how, if he knows, it
+departed from Monk? If acquired by purchase from the successors of Monk,
+the interest ceases.
+
+    G.
+
+_Souling_ (Vol. iv., p. 381.).--The custom of "souling", described by
+MR. W. FRASER, is carried on with great zeal and energy in this
+neighbourhood on All Souls' Day. The song which the children sing is
+exactly the same as MR. FRASER gives, with the exception of the second
+verse. In the evening, grown persons go round singing and collecting
+contributions from house to house. It is universally believed in this
+neighbourhood to be a remnant of the old custom of begging money, to be
+applied to the purpose of procuring masses for the souls of the dead.
+
+    LEWIS EVANS.
+
+  Sandbach, Cheshire.
+
+_Clekit House_ (Vol. iv., p. 473.).--With reference to this Query, I beg
+to suggest the following explanation. In Scotland, a _cleek_ signifies a
+hook; and to _cleek_, is to hook or join together: thus, a lady and
+gentleman walking arm-in-arm are said to be _cleekit_ together. The word
+is in full use at present, and has been so for centuries; and I think it
+not improbable that at the time the will referred to was written, the
+word might be common to both countries. On this supposition the meaning
+would be, that the "two tenements" communicated with each other in some
+way--probably by a bridge thrown across--so as to form _one_ house,
+which obtained its name from their being thus joined or _cleekit_
+together.
+
+    J. S. B.
+
+_Peter Talbot_ (Vol. iv., pp. 239. 458.).--The biography of this
+individual, who was the titular prelate presiding over the see of Dublin
+from 1669 to 1680, is given very fully in D'Alton's _Memoirs of the
+Archbishops of Dublin_.
+
+    R.
+
+_Races in which Children, &c._ (Vol. iv., p. 442.).--When consulting my
+Lexicon this morning, I met under "Ἀπὸ" with the following,
+καλέουσι ἀπὸ τῶν μητέρων ἑωϋτοὺς, they name themselves after,
+or from their mothers, Herodot. i. 173. Not having the work, I am unable
+to pursue the search; but perhaps the reference may assist THEOPHYLACT
+in his inquiry.
+
+    J. V. S.
+
+  Sydenham.
+
+For the information of THEOPHYLACT, I transcribe the following passage
+from Johnson's _Selections from the Mahabharat_, p. 67. The note is from
+the pen of Professor Wilson:--
+
+  "Among the Bhotias a family of brothers has a wife in common; and
+  we can scarcely question the object of the arrangement, when the
+  unproductive region which these people occupy is considered....
+  What led to its adoption by the Nair tribe in Malabar is not so
+  easy to conjecture. At present its object seems to be to preserve
+  the purity of descent, which it is thought is more secure on the
+  female than on the male side; and accordingly, the child claims
+  property, or even the Raj, not through his father, but his
+  mother."
+
+    RECHABITE.
+
+_Bacon a Poet_ (Vol. iv., p. 474.).--Whether Lord Bacon was, or was not,
+the author of the well-known lines noted and queried by R. CS., I will
+leave the intended editor of Hackneyed Quotations to decide, hoping that
+he will soon make his appearance as public umpire in all such cases.
+
+Whether Lord Bacon was, or was not, really _a poet_, I will leave to the
+decision of those who are conversant with the glorious works of his mind
+_and imagination_.
+
+But I have something to say to the note with which R. CS. follows up his
+query:--"Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord Bacon, and Bacon the Sculptor, are the
+only conspicuous men of the name, and none of them, that I know, wrote
+verses."
+
+This must not go unchallenged in the truthful pages of "NOTES AND
+QUERIES." "Pray, Sir," said a lady to me once, with a very complimentary
+air, "though no great Latin scholar, may I not judge by your name that
+you are a descendant of THE GREAT FRIAR BACON?" To which I could only
+reply, "Madam, I have never yet discovered the bend sinister on our
+escutcheon." From that proud moment I have been penetrated with the
+profoundest respect for the name of Roger; and I cannot patiently see
+the biggest pig of our sty namelessly consigned to oblivion in the pages
+of "NOTES AND QUERIES". Pray assure R. CS. that the three Bacons of whom
+he makes mention are _not_ "the only conspicuous men of the name." And
+as to the rest, "none of them that I know wrote verses," I beg to refer
+him to Lord Bacon's _Metrical Version of the Psalms_, vol. iv. p. 489.
+of his Works, ed. 1740.
+
+    PORCULUS.
+
+Was not the _poet_ Bacon, quoted by Boswell, the Rev. Phannel Bacon,
+D.D., Rector of Balden in Oxfordshire, and Vicar of Bramber in Sussex,
+who died January 2, 1783? He was not only an admirable poet, but was a
+famous punster, and is described as possessing an admirable fund of
+humour.
+
+    MYFANWY.
+
+_Story referred to by Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. iv., p. 326.).--Unless the
+_Legenda Aurea_ be prior in date to the twelfth century, I can refer
+your correspondent to a still earlier authority for the tale in
+question--Wace (_Life of St. Nicholas_), in whose pages it appears more
+at length, but substantially the same.
+
+According to (I presume) the earlier historian, the case was brought
+within the jurisdiction of St. Nicholas by the "ieueu" receiving an
+image of the saint in pledge, and the debtor taking his expurgatory oath
+thereon.
+
+The story is told of a saint who lived in the fourth century, and we
+may, at all events, consider it as being much older than Wace himself.
+
+    F. I.
+
+_Share of Presbyters in Ordination_ (Vol. iv., p. 273.).--As a
+contribution towards answering MR. GATTY'S question, I send the
+following extract from Hooker:
+
+  "Here it will perhaps be objected, that the power of ordination
+  itself was not everywhere peculiar and proper unto bishops, as may
+  be seen by a council of Carthage, which showeth their church's
+  order to have been, that presbyters should, together with the
+  bishop, lay hands upon the ordained. But doth it therefore follow
+  that the power of ordination was not principally and originally in
+  the bishop?... With us, even at this day, presbyters are licensed
+  to do as much as that council speaketh of, _if any be
+  present_."--_Eccl. Pol._ b. vii, c. vi. 5. vol. iii. pp. 207-8.
+  ed. Keble, 1836.
+
+    J. C. R.
+
+_Weever's Funeral Monument_ (Vol. iv., p. 474.).--Weever was buried in
+the old church of St. James, Clerkenwell, which was formerly part of the
+Priory called _Ecclesia Beatæ Mariæ de Fonte Clericorum_, for nuns of
+the order of St. Benedict. The inscription, on a plate shaped to a
+pillar near the chancel, has been preserved by Stow, in his _Survey of
+London_, p. 900., 1633; and by Strype, in his edition of the _Survey of
+London_, book iv. p. 65. Fuller, in his _Church History_, vol. ii p.
+208., edit. 1840, informs us that--
+
+  "Weever died in London in the fifty-sixth year of his age, and was
+  buried in St. James, Clerkenwell, where he appointed this epitaph
+  for himself:
+
+      "'Lancashire gave me breath
+        And Cambridge education,
+      Middlesex gave me death
+        And this church my humation.
+      And Christ to me hath given
+      A place with him in heaven.'
+
+  "The certain date of his death I cannot attain; but, by proportion,
+  I collect it to be about the year of our Lord 1634."
+
+The date supplied by Storer, in his _History of Clerkenwell_, p. 186.,
+is "Anno Domini 1632." The epitaph given by Fuller, Strype has appended
+to the original inscription. Mr. Storer adds:
+
+  "When the church was taken down, the Society of Antiquaries gave
+  orders for a diligent search to be made after this tablet, but
+  without success; which is accounted for by a correspondent in the
+  _Gentleman's Magazine_ [see vol. lviii. part 2. p. 600.], that it
+  had been stolen a few years previously, but was perfectly
+  remembered by an inhabitant to have occupied the situation which
+  has been described."
+
+    J. Y.
+
+  Hoxton.
+
+_Dial Motto at Karlsbad_ (Vol. iv., p. 471.).--I doubt not the accuracy
+of Sir Nicholas Tindal's copy of the inscription, but I suspect that the
+painter of the red capitals made a mistake, and that the _d_ in the word
+_cedit_ should have been the red letter instead of the _e_; if so, the
+chronogram would be as follows M.DCCVVVVIIIIIIIII, _i.e._ 1729.
+
+    H. F.
+
+The red letters undoubtedly compose a chronogram; E in such compositions
+represents 250. The date is therefore A.D. 1480.
+
+    E. H. D. D.
+
+_Cabal_ (Vol. iv., p. 443.).--The word "cabal" occurs in two different
+senses in _Hudibras_; but I have only before me the Edinburgh edition of
+1779, and so cannot tell whether Butler used it at a date previous to
+that assigned to its coinage by Burnet. _Hudibras_ was written before
+the Restoration, at all events; but I have no opportunity of consulting
+the first edition, which was well known for ten years before the _Cabal_
+of 1672.
+
+      "For mystic learning, wondrous able,
+      In magic talisman and _cabal_."
+
+      _Hudibras_, Part I. Canto I. 529.
+
+Upon which I find this learned note:--
+
+  "Raymund Lully interprets _cabal_ out of the Arabic, to signify
+  Scientia superabundans, which his commentator, Cornelius Agrippa,
+  by over-magnifying, has rendered 'a very superfluous foppery.'
+  Vid. J. Pici, _Mirandulæ de Magia et Cabala_, Apol. tome i. pp.
+  110. 111.; Sir Walter Raleigh's _History of the World_, part i,
+  book i. p. 67., edit. 1614; Purchas' _Pilgrims_, part ii. lib.
+  vi. pp. 796, 797, 798.; Scot's _Discovery of Witchcraft_, cap.
+  xi.; Dee's _Book of Spirits, with Dr. Meric Casaubon's Preface_;
+  Churchill's _Voyages, &c._, vol. ii. p. 528., second edition;
+  Bailey's _Dictionary_, folio edition, under the word 'cabala;'
+  Jacob's _Law Dictionary_, under the word 'cabal;' and _British
+  Librarian_, No. 6. for June, 1737, p. 340."
+
+The other instance I am adducing gives us "cabal" in its common
+acceptation:--
+
+      "Set up committees of _cabals_
+      To pack designs without the walls."
+
+      Part III. Canto II. 945.
+
+I again copy a note from Dr. Grey:--
+
+  "A sneer probably upon Clifford, Ashley, Burlington, Arlington,
+  Lauderdale, who were called the CABAL in King Charles II.'s time,
+  from the initial letters of their names.--See _Echard_, vol. iii.
+  p. 251."
+
+Your correspondent E. H. D. D. may be glad of these two quotations, and
+I quite agree with him in ascribing an earlier date than that mentioned
+by Burnet to the word "cabal" in the sense of "a secret council." The
+transition from its original sense was easy and natural, and the
+application to King Charles's confidential advisers ingenious.
+
+    RT.
+
+  Warmington.
+
+_Rectitudines Singularum Personarum_ (Vol. iv., p. 442.).--In reply to
+the inquiries of H. C. C., let me refer him to pp. xi. and xxv. of the
+preface and list of MSS. in vol. i. of the _Ancient Laws, &c. of
+England_, edited by Mr. Thorpe, under the direction of the late Record
+Commission. He will there find that the real MS. site of that document
+is stated to be in the library of Corpus Christi, Cambridge, and to be
+of the date of the tenth century. It is not stated upon what ground so
+early a date is assigned to it; but as so competent a judge as the
+editor seems to give that date without any expression of doubt, we may
+presume that there is satisfactory proof of the fact. I do not observe
+the document mentioned in Wanley's catalogue, and Nasmith's more recent
+one is not at hand to refer to. The matter contained in it does not (at
+least in my judgment) _necessarily_ indicate so early a date, inasmuch
+as parallel, and even identical, rights and customs, connected with the
+_status_ of persons and tenure of land, were in active existence at a
+much later period of our history. It would certainly be more
+satisfactory to know the precise grounds, whether extrinsic or
+intrinsic, on which the date has been fixed.
+
+With regard to the old Latin version, I will not undertake to vindicate
+it except against _one_ of the criticisms of H. C. C. He objects that
+_læden_ is translated _minare_. The word "minare" is used in the
+translation twice, once for _driving_, and once for _leading_; and I
+question whether the translator could have found a more appropriate word
+to serve this double purpose than the authentic verb _menare_ or
+_minare_, from which the French _mener_ has been derived.
+
+I cannot so easily justify him for translating "bôc-riht" by "rectitudo
+testamenti;" yet as the power of testamentary disposition was one of the
+most signal attributes of bôc-riht, I cannot say that he has much
+misrepresented the import of the original word.
+
+The document, which is evidently a private compilation, seems to be a
+custumal, or coustumier, of a district, or some considerable portion of
+the country. The German lawyers would call the collection a landrecht in
+one sense of that term, or, as the translator has called it, a
+"landirectum." The heading is by no means an appropriate one. Whether
+the writer intended to compile a code of the customs and obligations of
+land tenure, free and unfree, coextensive with the Saxon name, or merely
+to represent those of a certain district with which he happened to be
+acquainted, is a matter open to question.
+
+H. C. C. is perhaps not aware that the document has been examined,
+corrected, translated into German, and made the subject of a very
+masterly dissertation, by Dr. Heinrich Leo, of Halle. It is frequently
+referred to by Lappenberg in his _Anglo-Saxon History_, and became known
+(at least in the translation) to Sir H. Ellis in time to make copious
+extracts from it in the second volume of his _Introduction to Domesday_.
+
+    E. S.
+
+_Stanzas in Childe Harold_ (Vol. iv, pp. 223. 285. 323.).--In reply to
+T. W. I will merely refer him and your other correspondents upon this
+subject to page 391. of Moore's _Life of Byron_, 1 vol. edition, 1844,
+where will be found this passage, in Letter 323, addressed to Mr.
+Murray:--
+
+  "What does 'thy waters _wasted_ them' mean (in the Canto)? _That
+  is not me._ Consult the MS. always."
+
+I am fully aware this will not interpret the meaning of the passage, but
+it will go far to satisfy your correspondents that their emendations and
+suggestions do not completely answer Lord Byron's query in the letter
+referred to by
+
+    LEON.
+
+  London.
+
+_The Island and Temple of Ægina_ (Vol. iv., pp. 255. 412.).--Having
+been, some time since, greatly pleased by a fine engraving of the ruined
+Temple of Jupiter Panhellenius in Ægina (but unaccompanied by any
+description), and having had a well executed water-colour drawing made
+therefrom, my interest was aroused on the subject, and I searched among
+books within reach for particulars on the subject of what there seems
+every reason to regard as the oldest temple in Greece, with the single
+exception of that of Corinth. After a patient search I found Fosbroke's
+_Foreign Topography_ (4to. edition, 1828, pp. 3, 4, 5.) to contain the
+best account of those interesting ruins. The work is not a scarce one
+in good libraries: I shall therefore be concise in the extracts from it.
+The article entitled "Ægina (Greece)" states that the remains of the
+Temple of Jupiter Panhellenius (which are engraved in the _Ionian
+Antiquities_) prove it to have been of the Doric order; that it had six
+columns in front, but only twelve on the side, in opposition to the
+usual custom among Greek architects of adding one column more than
+double the number of those in front. The architecture is said closely to
+approach that of the hexastyle hypæthral Temple of Pæstum. Williams, in
+his _Travels_, expresses the opinion that this Temple of Jupiter is
+older than that of Theseus or the Parthenon. In Dodwell's _Greece_, too,
+there is an ample description of it. He represents it to have been part
+of the ruins of an ancient city, perhaps of Oië. Twenty-five columns
+were left entire in his day; together with the greater part of the
+epistylion, or architrave. The cornice, however, with the metopæ and
+triglyphs, have all fallen. The view of this gloriously positioned
+temple must have been magnificent from the sea; while the details of the
+building must have been equally delighting to the near spectator. The
+temple was built of soft porous stone, coated with a thin stucco, which
+must have given it a marble appearance. The epistylia were painted, and
+the cornice elegantly ornamented in a similar manner. The pavement was
+also covered with a thick stucco, painted vermilion. Chandler (_Greece_,
+12-15.) describes traces of the peribolus of this temple; and Clarke
+styles it at once the most ancient and remarkable in Greece. I may add
+that the Æginetans were celebrated for their works in bronze, for fine
+medals (the art of coining money indeed being first introduced by the
+inhabitants of this island), for their terra cotta vases, &c. Fosbroke's
+excellent _Cyclopædia of Antiquities_ may be with advantage consulted in
+respect to the Eginetic school of art.
+
+    J. J. S.
+
+  The Cloisters, Temple.
+
+_Herschel Anticipated_ (Vol. iv., p. 233.).--I cannot inform ÆGROTUS who
+was declared to be mad for believing the sun's motion, but Herschel was
+anticipated by Lalande (_Mémoires_, 1776), who inferred it from the
+sun's rotation; also by Professor Wilson, of Glasgow (_Thoughts on
+Universal Gravitation_, 1777), and, earlier than these, by the Rev. Mr.
+Michell, in _Philosophical Transactions_, 1767. Mayer (_De Motu
+Fixarum_, 1760) mentions the hypothesis, and rejects it.
+
+    ALTRON.
+
+_Wyle Cop_ (Vol. iv., pp. 116. 243.).--_Cop_ is not a _hill_ or _head_,
+as Mr. Lawrence supposes, and as the word certainly signifies in some
+parts of England, but a _bank_. The artificial banks which confine the
+Dee at and below Chester were called fifty years ago, and I dare say are
+still called, _Cops_, with distinctive names. By SALOPIAN'S account,
+_Wyle Cop_ is such a bank. I cannot explain _Wyle_, but think it
+probable that it was the name of some former proprietor of the ground.
+It however no more needs explanation than if it were joined to _Street_
+or _Lane_, instead of to _Cop_.
+
+    E. H. D. D.
+
+_Macfarlane Manuscripts_ (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--In reply to your
+correspondent ANTIQUARIENSIS, I have to inform you that the "Macfarlane
+Collections" preserved in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, are chiefly
+of an "ecclesiastic nature." In Turnbull's _Fragmenta Scoto-Monastica_,
+published by Stevenson of Edinburgh, 1842, I find it stated that--
+
+  "Mr. Walter Macfarlan of Macfarlan (_Scoticè_, of that Ilk) was an
+  eminent antiquary, who devoted his attentions strictly to the
+  historical monuments of his own country, especially the
+  ecclesiastic remains. He caused to be made, at his own expense, by
+  his clerk, one Tait, copies of most of the chartularies accessible
+  in his time. These are distinguished for their fidelity and
+  neatness. Mr. Macfarlan died 5th June, 1767, and his MSS. were
+  purchased by the Faculty of Advocates."
+
+Of these valuable and highly important chartularies there has been
+printed, 1. Aberdeen; 2. Arbroath; 3. Balmerino; 4. Dryburgh; 5.
+Dunfermline; 6. Kelso; 7. Lindores; 8. Melros; 9. Moray; 10. St.
+Andrews; and 11. Scone.
+
+According to Douglas, in his _Baronage of Scotland_, folio, 1798--
+
+  "Mr. Macfarlane was a man of parts, learning, and knowledge, a
+  most ingenious antiquary, and by far the best genealogist of his
+  time. He was possessed of the most valuable collection of
+  materials for a work of this kind of any man in the kingdom, which
+  he collected with great judgment, and at a considerable expense,
+  and to which we always had, and still have, free access. This
+  sufficiently appears by the many quotations from Macfarlane's
+  collections, both in the Peerage and Baronage of Scotland. In
+  short, he was a man of great benevolence, an agreeable companion,
+  and a sincere friend.
+
+  "He married Lady Elizabeth Erskine, daughter of Alexander, sixth
+  earl of Kelly, and died without issue in June, 1767."
+
+In the year 1846 there was engraved at the expense of W. B. C. C.
+Turnbull, Esq., advocate, a fine portrait of Macfarlane, from the
+original painting in the Library of the Society of Scottish Antiquaries.
+Of this plate it is believed that only a few "proofs upon India paper"
+were thrown off for presents.
+
+    T. G. S.
+
+  Edinburgh.
+
+
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+When Heminge and Condell put forth the first folio of Shakspeare in
+1623, as if with a fine prescience of the immortal fame which was
+destined to await the writings of their "so worthy Friend and Fellow,"
+they addressed the volume to all, "from the most able to him that can
+but read." And it is obvious from the moderate price at which it has
+been issued, that the proprietor of the handsome one-volume edition
+which has just appeared under the title of _The Lansdowne Shakspeare_
+looks for purchasers within the same wide range. The book is indeed well
+calculated to win favour from all classes. The text, which is based on
+that of Collier, compared with that of the first folio and the editions
+of Steevens, Malone, Knight, &c., is clearly and distinctly printed; the
+names of the characters being given, not only at full length, and in the
+middle of the page, but also in red ink. The stage directions are
+distinguished in the like manner. It has, moreover, the Dedicatory
+Address and Commendatory Verses from the original edition; and, what
+certainly deserves especial mention, an admirable facsimile by Robinson
+of the portrait by Droeshout, which, on the authority of Ben Jonson's
+well-known declaration, that it was a work--
+
+      "Wherein the Graver had a strife
+      With Nature, to out doo the life:
+      O could he but have drawne his wit
+      _As well in brasse as he hath hit
+      His face_; the Print would then surpasse
+      All that was ever writ in brasse"--
+
+is by many regarded as the most authentic portrait of the great poet.
+Altogether, therefore, _The Lansdowne Shakspeare_ is a beautiful book,
+and well deserves to be both the library and travelling companion of
+every lover of poetry--of every student of Shakspeare.
+
+Our correspondent, Dr. Henry, has published a miscellaneous volume under
+the title of _Unripe Windfalls_, which consists of some amusing _vers de
+société_--a Letter addressed to ourselves, containing some very
+trenchant criticism on the obscurities of Lord Byron; and, lastly, some
+specimens of Dr. Henry's _Virgilian Commentaries_, some few of which
+have appeared in our columns. This fact, coupled with the letter
+addressed to ourselves, must preclude us from speaking of the volume in
+those terms of commendation which we should otherwise have felt it right
+to employ.
+
+_Outlines of Comparative Physiology touching the Structure and
+Development of the Races of Animals Living and Extinct_, by L. Agassiz
+and A. A. Gould, _edited from the Revised Edition and greatly enlarged_
+by T. Wright, M.D., is the new issue of Bohn's _Scientific Library_. The
+present volume forms the first part of the _Principles of Zoology_,
+which was designed by Professor Agassiz, in conjunction with Mr. Gould,
+as a text book for the use of the higher schools and colleges, for
+which, as the editor remarks, it is well adapted from its simplicity of
+style, clearness of arrangement, and its important and comprehensive
+range of subjects. In the present edition the woodcut illustrations have
+been increased from 170 to 390, thereby adding greatly to the value of a
+work which is well calculated to furnish the general reader with
+trustworthy information upon the matter to which it relates.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_The Literary and Scientific Register and Almanac for
+1852_, edited by J. W. G. Gutch, puts forth this--its eleventh
+appearance--with increased claims to public favour in the shape of many
+important additions and improvements, in the great mass of condensed
+information which it contains. _The Orations of M. T. Cicero literally
+translated by_ C. D. Yonge, B.A. _Vol. I. containing the Orations for
+Quintius, Sextus Roscius, Quintus Roscius, against Quintius Cæcilius and
+against Verres_, is the new volume of Bohn's _Classical Library_. The
+fifth volume of _Neander's General History of the Christian Religion and
+Church_ (of the value of which we have already spoken) forms the new
+issue of the same enterprising publisher's _Standard Library_.
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+A SERMON preached at Fulham in 1810 by the REV. JOHN OWEN of Paglesham,
+on the death of Mrs. Prowse, Wicken Park, Northamptonshire (Hatchard).
+
+FÜSSLEIN, JOH. CONRAD, BEYTRÄGE ZUR ERLÄUTERUNG DER
+KIRCHEN-REFORMATIONS-GESCHICHTE DES SCHWEITZERLANDES. 5 Vols. Zurich,
+1741.
+
+  [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
+  _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+PERMANENT ENLARGEMENT OF "NOTES AND QUERIES."--_In compliance with the
+suggestion of many of our correspondents, and for the purpose of giving
+more ready insertion to the Replies which we receive to their Queries,
+we propose to enlarge our Paper permanently to 24 pages; making it 32
+pages when occasion requires. This change, called for moreover by the
+increase of our correspondence consequent on our increased circulation,
+will take place on_ SATURDAY NEXT, _the 3rd of January, when we shall
+commence our_ Fifth Volume. _From that day the price of our paper will
+be 4d. for the unstamped, and 5d. for stamped copies. By this
+arrangement we shall render unnecessary the double or Sixpenny Numbers
+now issued nearly every month; thus avoiding a good deal of occasional
+confusion, and rendering the price of the enlarged_ "NOTES AND QUERIES"
+_for the whole year very little more than it is at present._
+
+CAN. EBOR. _shall have early attention._
+
+THE REV. JAMES GRAVES _requests us to express his obligations to_ MR.
+D'ALTON _for information respecting the Hothams, from the collections_
+MR. D'ALTON _has made for illustrating the history of nearly 3,000
+families._
+
+THEOPHYLACT. _How can we address a letter to this correspondent?_
+
+S. WMSON. _The passages referred to are not in_ Richard the Third _as
+written by Shakspeare, but in Cibber's adaptation of that play._
+
+GRIMALDI'S ORIGINES GENEALOGICÆ. _A copy of this in good condition may
+be had of our Publisher._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Tregonwell Frampton--Wady Mokatteb--General
+Wolfe--Alterius Orbis Papa--Three Estates of the Realm--Mirabilis
+Liber--There is no Mistake--Lines on the Bible--Passage in
+Goldsmith--Suicides buried in Cross Roads--Biographical Dictionary--Hell
+paved, &c.--The Broad Arrow--Nelson's Signal--Roman Index
+Expurgatorius--Bogatzky's Golden Treasury--Christianity in the
+Orkneys--Nolo Episcopari--Abigail--Cimmerii--Catterick for
+Cattraeth--Cockney--Verses in Latin Prose Writers--Dial at
+Karlsbad--Marshal's Distribution of Hours--Notes on Virgil--Quaker
+Bible._
+
+_Errata._--Page 437, col. 2. l. 32. for "the signatures run to _pages_
+in eights," read "the signatures run to Pp. in eights;" p. 487, col. 1.
+l. 7 from bottom, for "MAGISTVM," read "MAGIST_R_VM."
+
+
+
+
+BEAUTIFUL CHRISTMAS and NEW-YEAR'S GIFT. The "Art-Journal Illustrated
+Catalogue" (price One Guinea) is recommended as a peculiarly appropriate
+Gift Book for the Christmas of 1851. "It is at once interesting, useful,
+and beautiful;" "a valuable reminder of the Exhibition to those by whom
+it was visited, and equally valuable to those to whom the enjoyment was
+denied;" "a beautiful book for the drawing-room;" and "a useful
+instructor for all classes." This volume may still be obtained of any
+bookseller; but it will soon be out of print.
+
+  GEORGE VIRTUE, Publisher, 25. Paternoster Row.
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+    week to week with numerous Extracts from his Writings in the
+    'Gardener's Chronicle,' on Nightingales, Black-caps, Canaries, &c.
+    &c. and also from his masterly 'Essays on Instinct and Reason in
+    Animals,' we need make no comment on the anticipated treat. Mr.
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+  LEADING CONTENTS: 1. The Great High Priest; or, Christ's Presence
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+
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+
+  =Music.=--Notices of Operas, Concerts, Oratorios, New Publications,
+  and general musical intelligence.
+
+  =The Drama.=--Reports of the Theatres, with Criticisms of New Plays,
+  and general dramatic intelligence.
+
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+
+NEW GIFT-BOOK FOR THE SEASON.
+
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+
+  THE LANSDOWNE SHAKESPEARE. This beautiful One-volume Edition of
+  the Englishman's household book, perfectly unique in the annals of
+  printing, and dedicated, by express permission, to the Most Noble
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+
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+  take a permanent position as a gentleman's hand-book abroad and a
+  drawing-room bijou at home. Its characteristics will be found in
+  uniting with its portability a clearness and facility in reading
+  hitherto unattained in any edition, the text being from the latest
+  and best Authorities; and, for the first time in any edition of
+  Shakespeare, the names of the characters are placed in the centre
+  of the page, unabridged, on the plan adopted in the plays of
+  Molière, Racine, Corneille, Goethe, and Schiller; and which
+  arrangement has been still further greatly improved by printing
+  them, and also the whole of the Stage Directions, in red ink, the
+  text being in black; thus rendering the pages of Shakespeare as
+  pleasant and easy to read as a Novel by Scott, and for facility of
+  reference unequalled.
+
+  To Printers this volume will appear extraordinary for its
+  cheapness and the great care required in its production, nearly
+  1,200 pages, of a minute character, being printed in different
+  coloured inks.
+
+  A magnificent Portrait has been engraved for this Edition, by H.
+  ROBINSON, in Line, after Droeshout's Engraving to the first folio,
+  and of which a few impressions have been taken on large paper
+  separately. These may be had Proofs, 5_s._; Prints, 3_s._ each.
+
+  Publisher: WILLIAM WHITE, Pall Mall.
+
+
+GUTCH'S SCIENTIFIC POCKET-BOOK.
+
+  Now ready, price 3_s._ 6_d._ roan tuck.
+
+  LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC REGISTER and ALMANACK for 1852: with an
+  ample Collection of useful Statistical and Miscellaneous Tables.
+  Dedicated, by special permission, to Prince Albert. By J. W. G.
+  GUTCH, M.R.C.S.L., F.L.S., Foreign Service Queen's Messenger.
+
+  "The contents are so condensed and arranged that it supplies
+  without much trouble to the reader what he must, without it,
+  search for through many heavy publications."--_Times_, Dec. 4,
+  1851.
+
+  D. BOGUE, 86. Fleet Street; and all Booksellers.
+
+
+THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXIX., will be published NEXT WEEK.
+
+  CONTENTS:
+
+         I. RUSSIAN AND GERMAN CAMPAIGNS.
+        II. KEW GARDENS.
+       III. PHYSIOGNOMY.
+        IV. JUNIUS.
+         V. HIGHLAND DESTITUTION AND IRISH EMIGRATION.
+        VI. SIR ROBERT HERON'S NOTES.
+       VII. ITALY.
+      VIII. LOUIS NAPOLEON BUONAPARTE.
+
+      JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+
+This day is published, neatly bound in cloth, gilt edges, 4_s._ 6_d._
+
+      THE MOTHER'S LEGACIE
+      TO HER
+      UNBORNE CHILDE.
+
+  BY ELIZABETH JOCELINE.
+
+  Reprinted from the Edition of 1625, with a Biographical and
+  Historical Introduction.
+
+  WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.
+
+
+Just published, 8vo. cloth, pp. 240, price 10_s._ 6_d._ handsomely
+printed on fine paper at the Dublin University Press,
+
+  THE UNRIPE WINDFALLS IN PROSE AND VERSE of JAMES HENRY, M.D.
+
+  CONTENTS: Miscellaneous Poems; Criticism on the style of Lord
+  Byron, in a Letter to the Editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES;" Specimen
+  of Virgilian Commentaries; Specimen of a New Metrical Translation
+  of Eneis.
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London, and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, December 27, 1851.
+
+
+
+
+      [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV]
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |
+      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 88  | July  5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 89  | July 12, 1851      |  17- 31 | PG # 37568 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 90  | July 19, 1851      |  33- 47 | PG # 37593 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 91  | July 26, 1851      |  49- 79 | PG # 37778 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 92  | August  2, 1851    |  81- 94 | PG # 38324 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 93  | August  9, 1851    |  97-112 | PG # 38337 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 94  | August 16, 1851    | 113-127 | PG # 38350 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 95  | August 23, 1851    | 129-144 | PG # 38386 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 96  | August 30, 1851    | 145-167 | PG # 38405 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No.  97 | Sept.  6, 1851     | 169-183 | PG # 38433 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  98 | Sept. 13, 1851     | 185-200 | PG # 38491 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  99 | Sept. 20, 1851     | 201-216 | PG # 38574 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851     | 217-246 | PG # 38656 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct.  4, 1851      | 249-264 | PG # 38701 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851      | 265-287 | PG # 38773 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851      | 289-303 | PG # 38864 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851      | 305-333 | PG # 38926 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov.  1, 1851      | 337-358 | PG # 39076 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov.  8, 1851      | 361-374 | PG # 39091 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851      | 377-396 | PG # 39135 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851      | 401-414 | PG # 39197 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851      | 417-430 | PG # 39233 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 110 | Dec.  6, 1851      | 433-460 | PG # 39338 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 111 | Dec. 13, 1851      | 465-478 | PG # 39393 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 112 | Dec. 20, 1851      | 481-494 | PG # 39438 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]             | PG # 13536 |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850     | PG # 13571 |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851     | PG # 26770 |
+      +------------------------------------------------+------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number
+113, December 27, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 27, 1851 ***
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