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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Our Flowering Shrubs, by Anonymous
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Our Flowering Shrubs
+ and how to know them
+
+Author: Anonymous
+
+Commentator: William Smith
+
+Illustrator: Charles Kirk
+
+Release Date: February 16, 2012 [EBook #38904]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OUR FLOWERING SHRUBS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jeroen van Luin, Ben Beasley, jromero and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+Gowans's Nature Books, No. 23
+
+
+Our Flowering Shrubs
+
+AND HOW TO KNOW THEM
+
+
+CARSON & NICOL, LIMITED PRINTERS, GLASGOW
+
+BLOCKS BY ANNAN ENGRAVING CO., LTD. GLASGOW
+
+
+
+
+
+_BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM, PURSH._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Holly-leaved Barberry
+(Mahonia)
+(Flower yellow)
+
+Mahonia a Feuilles de Houx
+(Fleur jaune)
+
+Hulst-Sauerdorn
+(Blüte gelb)
+
+
+
+
+OUR
+FLOWERING
+SHRUBS
+
+AND HOW TO KNOW THEM
+
+
+_Sixty photographs by Charles Kirk_
+
+
+GOWANS & GRAY, Ltd.
+5 Robert Street, Adelphi, London, W.C.
+58 Cadogan Street, Glasgow
+1918
+
+
+
+
+_First Edition, August, 1909. Reprinted, May, 1918 (completing 7000)._
+
+
+
+
+_The success of "Our Trees and How to Know Them" has encouraged the
+publishers to issue the present volume, which deals with a branch of
+botany practically untouched by handbooks at a moderate price. They
+trust that lovers of plants will show their appreciation of their
+efforts by endeavouring to make this new departure very widely known._
+
+
+
+
+_BERBERIS DARWINII, HOOK._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Darwin's Barberry
+(Flower yellow)
+
+Épine-Vinette de Darwin
+(Fleur jaune)
+
+Darwin's Sauerdorn
+(Blüte gelb)
+
+
+_BERBERIS STENOPHYLLA, MOORE_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Narrow-leaved Barberry
+(Flower yellow)
+
+Épine-Vinette à Feuilles étroites
+(Fleur jaune)
+
+Schmaler Sauerdorn
+(Blüte gelb)
+
+
+_BERBERIS VULGARIS, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Common Barberry
+(Flower pale yellow)
+
+Épine-Vinette
+(Fleur jaune pâle)
+
+Gemeiner Sauerdorn
+(Blüte blassgelb)
+
+
+_CISTUS LAURIFOLIUS, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Laurel-leaved Cistus
+(Flower white)
+
+Ciste a Feuilles de Laurier
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Lorbeer-Cistrose
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_TAMARIX PALLASII, DESV._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Pallas's Tamarisk
+(Flower pink)
+
+Tamaris de Pallas
+(Fleur rose)
+
+Fünfmännige Tamariske
+(Blüte rosa)
+
+
+_RUTA GRAVEOLENS, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Common Rue
+(Flower yellow)
+
+Rue des Jardins
+(Fleur jaune)
+
+Garten-Raute
+(Blüte gelb)
+
+
+_CHOISYA TERNATA, H.B.K._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Mexican Orange-Flower
+(Flower white)
+
+Choisya a Feuilles ternées
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Echte Zimmerraute
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_PTELEA TRIFOLIATA, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Hop Tree or Shrubby Trefoil
+(Flower green)
+
+Ptéléa trifoliolé
+(Fleur verte)
+
+Amerikanischer Hopfenstrauch
+(Blüte grün)
+
+
+_CEANOTHUS AZUREUS, DESF._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Blue Mountain Sweet
+(Flower blue)
+
+Céanot azuré
+(Fleur bleue)
+
+Azur-Säckelblume
+(Blüte blau)
+
+
+_CEANOTHUS VEITCHIANUS, HOOK._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Veitch's Mountain Sweet
+(Flower blue)
+
+Céanot de Veitch
+(Fleur bleue)
+
+Tiefblaue Säckelblume
+(Blüte blau)
+
+
+_GENISTA TINCTORIA, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Dyers' Greenweed
+(Flower yellow)
+
+Genêt des Teinturiers
+(Fleur jaune)
+
+Färber-Ginster
+(Blüte gelb)
+
+
+_SPARTIUM JUNCEUM, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Yellow Spanish Broom
+(Flower yellow)
+
+Genêt d'Espagne
+(Fleur jaune)
+
+Binsen-Pfriem
+(Blüte gelb)
+
+
+_CYTISUS CAPITATUS, JACQ._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Capitate Broom
+(Flower yellow)
+
+Cytise en Tête
+(Fleur jaune)
+
+Kopfiger Kleestrauch
+(Blüte gelb)
+
+
+_INDIGOFERA GERARDIANA, WALL._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Gerard's Indigo
+(Flower pink)
+
+Indigotier a Grappes
+(Fleur rose)
+
+Blumen-Indigostrauch
+(Blüte rosa)
+
+
+_COLUTEA ARBORESCENS, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Bladder Senna
+(Flower yellow)
+
+Baguenaudier commun
+(Fleur jaune)
+
+Gewöhnlicher Blasenstrauch
+(Blüte gelb)
+
+
+_PRUNUS LUSITANICA, L.F._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Portugal Laurel
+(Flower white)
+
+Laurier de Portugal
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Portugiesische Lorbeer-Kirsche
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_SPIRÆA DOUGLASI, HOOK._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Douglas's Spiræa
+(Flower red)
+
+Spirée de Douglas
+(Fleur rouge)
+
+Kalifornischer Spierstrauch
+(Blüte rot)
+
+
+_SPIRÆA JAPONICA, L.F._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Rosy Bush Meadow Sweet
+(Flower pink)
+
+Spirée du Japon
+(Fleur rose)
+
+Japanischer Spierstrauch
+(Blüte rosa)
+
+
+_NEILLIA THYRSIFLORA, D. DON_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Vine-leaved Neillia
+(Flower white)
+
+Neillia a Fleurs en Thyrse
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Echte Traubenspiere
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_KERRIA JAPONICA, D.C., VAR. FLORE PLENO_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Jew's Mallow
+(Flower yellow)
+
+Kerria du Japon
+(Fleur jaune)
+
+Japanischer Ranunkelstrauch
+(Blüte gelb)
+
+
+_RUBUS DELICIOSUS, JAMES_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Rocky Mountain Bramble
+(Flower white)
+
+Ronce délicieuse
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Köstlicher Zimt-Beerstrauch
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_RUBUS LACINIATUS, WILLD._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Cut-leaved Bramble
+(Flower pinkish-white)
+
+Ronce a Feuilles Laciniées
+(Fleur blanc rosé)
+
+Geschlitzter Brombeerstrauch
+(Blüte rosaweiss)
+
+
+_RUBUS NUTKANUS, MOC._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Nutka Sound Raspberry or Salmon-Berry
+(Flower white)
+
+Ronce de Noutka
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Weisser Zimt-Beerstrauch
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_POTENTILLA FRUTICOSA, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Shrubby Cinquefoil
+(Flower yellow)
+
+Potentille Arbrisseau
+(Fleur jaune)
+
+Strauch-Fingerkraut
+(Blüte gelb)
+
+
+_COTONEASTER MICROPHYLLA, WALL._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Small-leaved Rockspray
+(Flower whitish)
+
+Cotonéaster a petites Feuilles
+(Fleur blanchâtre)
+
+Kleine Steinquitte
+(Blüte weisslich)
+
+
+_COTONEASTER SIMONSII, BAKER_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Simon's Cotoneaster
+(Flower white)
+
+Cotonéaster de Simons
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Mennigrote Steinquitte
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_DEUTZIA GRACILIS, SIEB. & ZUCC._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Graceful Deutzia
+(Flower white)
+
+Deutzie grêle
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Zierliche Silbergerte
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_PHILADELPHUS CORONARIUS, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Common Mock Orange (sometimes called Syringa)
+(Flower white)
+
+Seringa commune
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Jasmin-Gertenstrauch
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_PHILADELPHUS GRANDIFLORUS, WILLD._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Large-flowered Mock Orange
+(Flower white)
+
+Seringa à grandes Fleurs
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Geruchloser Gertenstrauch
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_ESCALLONIA PHILIPPIANA, MASTERS_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Philippi's Escallonia
+(Flower white)
+
+Escallonia de Philippi
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Philippis Andenstrauch
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_ESCALLONIA PUNCTATA, DC._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Dotted Escallonia
+(Flower red)
+
+Escallonia pointillée
+(Fleur rouge)
+
+Punktierter Andenstrauch
+(Blüte rot)
+
+
+_RIBES AUREUM, PURSH._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Buffalo or Missouri Currant
+(Flower yellow)
+
+Groseillier doré
+(Fleur jaune)
+
+Gold-Ribsel
+(Blüte gelb)
+
+
+_RIBES RUBRUM, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Wild or Red Currant or Garnet Berry
+(Flower pink)
+
+Groseillier rouge
+(Fleur rose)
+
+Rote Johannisbeere
+(Blüte rosa)
+
+
+_FUCHSIA RICCARTONI, HORT._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Riccarton Fuchsia
+(Flower red)
+
+Fuchsia Riccartoni
+(Fleur rouge)
+
+Winter-Fuchsie
+(Blüte rot)
+
+
+_CORNUS ALBA, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+White-fruited Dogwood or Red Osier
+(Flower white)
+
+Cornouillier blanc
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Weisser Hartriegel
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_AUCUBA JAPONICA, THUNB._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Japanese Aucuba
+(Flower whitish-green)
+
+Aucuba du Japon
+(Fleur vert blanchâtre)
+
+Scheinorange
+(Blüte weisslichgrün)
+
+
+_SAMBUCUS CANADENSIS, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Canadian Elder
+(Flower white)
+
+Sureau du Canada
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Kanadischer Holunder
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_VIBURNUM TINUS, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Laurustinus
+(Flower white)
+
+Viorne-Laurier-Tin
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Lorbeer-Schlinge
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_VIBURNUM TOMENTOSUM, THUNB._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Tomentose Guelder Rose
+(Flower white)
+
+Viorne tomenteuse
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Filz-Schlinge
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_VIBURNUM TOMENTOSUM, THUNB., VAR.
+PLICATUM, MAXIM._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Japanese Guelder Rose
+(Flower white)
+
+Viorne du Japon
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Japanischer Schneeball
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_SYMPHORICARPUS RACEMOSUS, MICHX._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Snowberry
+(Flower pink)
+
+Symphorine a Fruits blancs
+(Fleur rose)
+
+Echte Schneebeere
+(Blüte rosa)
+
+
+_DIERVILLA FLORIDA, SIEB. & ZUCC._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Bush Honeysuckle
+(Flower pink)
+
+Diervilla fleurie
+(Fleur rose)
+
+Blumiges Kapselgeissblatt
+(Blüte rosa)
+
+
+_OLEARIA HAASTII, HOOK. F._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Daisy Tree
+(Flower white, disc yellow)
+
+Oléaria de Haast
+(Fleur blanche, disque jaune)
+
+Haasts Duftstrauch
+(Blüte weiss, Scheibe gelb)
+
+
+_OLEARIA MACRODONTA, BAKER_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+New Zealand Daisy Tree
+(Flower white)
+
+Oléaria énorme
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Grosszähniger Duftstrauch
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_PERNETTYA MUCRONATA, GAUDICH_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Prickly Heath
+(Flower white)
+
+Pernettya microné
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Stachelige Torfmyrte
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_CASSANDRA CALYCULATA, D. DON.
+ANDROMEDA CALYCULATA, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Leather-Leaf
+(Flower white)
+
+Cassandrie Calycule
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Kelch-Gränke
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_PIERIS FLORIBUNDA, BENTH. & HOOK. F._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Bundle-flowered Andromeda
+(Flower white)
+
+Pieris multiflore
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Blumen-Gränke
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_LEDUM LATIFOLIUM, AIT._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Broad-leaved Labrador Tea
+(Flower white)
+
+Ledon à larges Feuilles
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Breiter Porst
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_RHODODENDRON FLAVUM, G. DON.
+AZALEA PONTICA, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Common or Yellow Azalea
+(Flower yellow)
+
+Rhododendron jaune
+(Fleur jaune)
+
+Gelbe Alpenrose
+(Blüte gelb)
+
+
+_RHODODENDRON FERRUGINEUM, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Rusty-leaved Alpenrose
+(Flower pale red)
+
+Laurier-Rose des Alpes
+(Fleur rouge pâle)
+
+Rost-Alpenrose
+(Blüte blassrot)
+
+
+_RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Common or Pontic Rhododendron
+(Flower purple)
+
+Rhododendron de la Mer Noire
+(Fleur pourpre)
+
+Pontische Alpenrose
+(Blüte purpurn)
+
+
+_JASMINUM OFFICINALE, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+White Jessamine
+(Flower white)
+
+Jasmin blanc (officinal)
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Echter Jasmin
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+_SYRINGA VULGARIS, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Common Lilac
+(Flower lilac, pink or white)
+
+Lilas commun
+(Fleur lilas, rose ou blanche)
+
+Türkischer Flieder
+(Blüte lila, rosa oder weiss)
+
+
+_VERONICA TRAVERSII, HOOK. F._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Travers's Speedwell
+(Flower pale purple)
+
+Véronique naine
+(Fleur pourpre pâle)
+
+Travers' Ehrenpreis
+(Blüte blasspurpurn)
+
+
+_LAVANDULA VERA, DC._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Common Lavender
+(Flower blue)
+
+Lavande
+(Fleur bleue)
+
+Echter Lavendel
+(Blüte blau)
+
+
+_LAURUS NOBILIS, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Poet's Laurel or Sweet Bay
+(Flower yellowish)
+
+Laurier Sauce
+(Fleur jaunâtre)
+
+Edler Lorbeerbaum
+(Blüte gelblich)
+
+
+_DAPHNE LAUREOLA, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Spurge Laurel
+(Flower yellowish-green)
+
+Lauréole, Laurier des Bois
+(Fleur vert jaunâtre)
+
+Lorbeer-Seidelbast
+(Blüte gelblichgrün)
+
+
+_DAPHNE MEZEREUM, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Mezereon
+(Flower pink)
+
+Bois-gentil
+(Fleur rose)
+
+Echter Seidelbast
+(Blüte rosa)
+
+
+_RUSCUS ACULEATUS, L._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Butcher's Broom
+(Flower white)
+
+Bois pointu ou Petit Houx ou Fragon épineux
+(Fleur blanche)
+
+Echter Mäusedorn
+(Blüte weiss)
+
+
+
+
+Some Short Notes
+
+DESIGNED TO ASSIST THE READER IN IDENTIFYING THE SHRUBS ILLUSTRATED IN
+THIS VOLUME.
+
+BY
+
+WILLIAM SMITH
+
+
+The study of shrubs has greatly increased during recent years, and this
+has no doubt been brought about by the increasing knowledge of nature
+study now commonly included in the curriculum of schools and other
+establishments, and while shrubs have not as yet received the same
+attention as trees yet they offer quite as interesting a field, while
+the beauty of certain of the species arrests the attention of even the
+most casual observer.
+
+The term "shrub" means a low, woody-stemmed perennial, but many of the
+species attain the dimensions of a fair-sized tree.
+
+The Holly-leaved Barberry or Mahonia (frontispiece), a North American
+shrub, is commonly met with either planted as an undergrowth to
+deciduous trees or as a covert plant in woodlands. It is easily
+recognised from the leaflets being in two or three pairs, with an odd
+one at top, in colour of a glossy dark-green, and the leaves of a
+leathery nature. The flowers are borne in much-crowded, erect racemes
+which open in early spring, followed later by clusters of purple
+berries.
+
+Darwin's Barberry (page 6) is a densely-branched, spreading evergreen
+bush about 8 feet high, with numerous racemose flowers which open in
+May, succeeded by purple berries throughout the summer. Leaves are about
+one inch long, oval-shaped, with five spiny teeth. A near ally to the
+preceding is the Narrow-leaved Barberry (page 7). It forms a shrub of
+rare beauty; with slender arching shoots which in early spring are
+densely covered with golden blossoms. May be known by the narrow
+sharp-pointed leaves.
+
+A British shrub, the Common Barberry (page 8) usually inhabits dry stony
+soils, and forms a tall shrub about 10 feet high. In early spring the
+plant is profusely covered with pendulous racemes of yellow flowers, and
+later by the scarlet berries which are sometimes used for preserves.
+Distinguished by the egg-shaped leaves and three-parted spines at the
+axils of the leaves. A photograph showing the flowers on a larger scale
+will be found on page 11 of _Wild Flowers at Home, Fourth Series_
+("Nature Book," No. 16).
+
+The Laurel-leaved Cistus (page 9) is a native of the South of Europe,
+and grows over four feet high. The flowers, resembling in appearance
+those of the dog-rose, are borne on terminal flower-stalks four and five
+together, but are very ephemeral in character. The ovate spear-shaped
+leaves are generally covered with a gummy substance. Flowers during July
+and August.
+
+Pallas's Tamarisk (page 10) is one of the shrubs which thrive in bleak
+exposed places and in dry sandy soils. The leaves are of a minute
+scale-like character, and from May onwards the long, terminal spikes of
+rosy-pink flowers are an attractive feature.
+
+A hardy evergreen, shrubby plant, the Common Rue (page 11) is well known
+as a medicinal plant. The leaves are nearly blue and emit a very
+unpleasant smell and have a bitter taste. Flowers are produced in late
+summer.
+
+One of the most fragrant shrubs, the Mexican Orange-Flower (page 12),
+forms a large glossy-leaved bush with axillary stalks of white flowers
+which, from their appearance and fragrance, resemble orange-blossom. The
+flowers open in summer, and the leaves are bright-green, long-stalked,
+with three leaflets to each.
+
+The Hop Tree or Shrubby Trefoil (page 13), flowers from May to July and
+produces flat-headed inflorescences of a greenish yellow colour,
+succeeded in autumn by bunches of flat fruits of a greenish colour. As
+the specific name suggests the leaves are in threes, long-stalked, of an
+elliptical shape, and terminate in a sharp point. Reaches a height of 8
+feet.
+
+Generally grown as a wall-plant, the Blue Mountain Sweet (page 14)
+flowers freely in that position during July and August. The alternate
+leaves are oblong, sharply-serrated, and downy. From the axils of the
+leaves spring the elongated spikes of pale blue flowers. A native of
+Mexico.
+
+The Veitch's Mountain Sweet (page 15) is another plant grown as a
+wall-shrub, where it often attains a height of 12 feet, and is a most
+conspicuous plant during its flowering period from May to July when it
+is literally covered by dense clusters of bright blue flowers relieved
+by neat, elliptical dark-green leaves.
+
+Dyers' Greenweed (page 16), so-called from the plant yielding a yellow
+dye, is found wild as a native plant in certain parts of Britain, and
+flowers most of the summer. The yellow flowers are produced on spicate
+racemes, while the leaves are alternate, smooth and spear-shaped. An
+erect-growing plant about two feet in height.
+
+The Yellow Spanish Broom (page 17) is a plant which delights in a dry
+sandy loam, and is capable of resisting long periods of drought. This
+species is a hardy deciduous shrub with rush-like and nearly leafless
+branches, and attains a height of six feet. From July to September its
+spikes of fragrant golden-yellow blossoms are particularly attractive.
+
+One of the European species, the Capitate Broom (page 18) forms a shrub
+over two feet high and opens its flowers from June onwards. The leaflets
+are egg-shaped, and the whole plant is covered with loose, soft hair.
+
+Gerard's Indigo (page 19), a native of India, is one of the most
+beautiful of the Leguminosæ shrubs and is a low branching species.
+Leaves pinnate and of a pale grey-green colour. Flowers open from July
+onwards and are borne in many-flowered spikes.
+
+A native of Europe, the Bladder Senna (page 20) is one of the few plants
+that thrive in dry sandy soils. It forms a hardy, deciduous,
+free-growing shrub 10 feet high, bearing stalks of yellow pea-shaped
+flowers from July to September. The pinnate leaves are prettily divided
+into ovate and flat-shaped leaflets. A distinctive feature of this plant
+in the autumn is the large inflated seed-pods.
+
+A popular and well-known evergreen shrub, the Portugal Laurel (page 21)
+forms a large spreading bush from 10 to over 20 feet in height. The
+ovate and lanceolate-shaped leaves are of a dense dark-green, and in
+June the large erect spikes of white flowers are very striking. In
+autumn the egg-shaped and dull-red coloured fruits are a noticeable
+feature.
+
+Douglas's Spiræa (page 22) forms a crowded cluster of erect shoots about
+6 feet high, and in August the dense terminal spikes of rosy-red flowers
+open. Leaves acute, rounded, and downy beneath.
+
+_Spiræa Japonica_ (page 23) forms a bush 3 to 6 feet high with much
+branched shoots terminating in brightly coloured flat flower-heads which
+open from July onwards, and are relieved by the small spear-shaped,
+abrupt-pointed, and finely-serrated leaves.
+
+A native of Nepaul, the Vine-leaved Neillia (page 24) is frequently seen
+in shrubberies, forming a hardy branching bush about five feet high, the
+shoots bearing spikes of white flowers in June. A distinctive feature of
+this plant is the heart-shaped, three-lobed, and serrated leaves.
+
+The Jew's Mallow (page 25) is one of the favourite plants commonly grown
+on cottage walls, and the illustration shows the double-flowering form
+with the solitary, terminal stalks of flowers, which open in early
+summer. The foliage is glabrous, spear-shaped and finely-toothed on the
+margins.
+
+Few shrubs when in flower are capable of arresting attention so much as
+the Rocky Mountain Bramble (page 26). In May the large, single, white,
+rose-like flowers are a beautiful feature of this bramble, which attains
+a height of five feet. The kidney-shaped leaves are three to five-lobed
+and finely-toothed. A native of North America, where this plant is said
+to produce large fruits of delicious flavour.
+
+The Cut-leaved Bramble (page 27) is frequently seen in a wild state, and
+is known by its finely-cut leaves. Of a pinkish-white colour, the
+flowers are borne in loose spikes from June to September, whilst fruit
+can be picked during the latter month. It is a robust climbing plant,
+and the wood is very prickly.
+
+The Nutka Sound Raspberry (page 28) is one of the species that send up
+annual shoots attaining to a height of two feet, on which are borne the
+large ornamental five-lobed leaves. The large, handsome white flowers
+open in June, and the large, conical-shaped, red fruits ripen early in
+autumn.
+
+Of a much-branched shrubby habit, the Shrubby Cinquefoil (page 29) forms
+a small bush from two to four feet in height, with pinnate leaves and
+entire hairy oblong leaflets. A native of the Northern Hemisphere, this
+cinquefoil produces flat-headed inflorescences of yellow flowers
+throughout the summer months.
+
+The Small-leaved Rockspray (page 30) forms a prostrate bush about three
+feet high, and is distinguished by the branches being densely covered by
+small, acute, and dark-green glossy leaves. The small, white, solitary
+flowers are borne in the axils of the leaves during April and May. This
+plant is often grown as a wall plant, in which position it is
+conspicuous in winter with its bright-scarlet fruits.
+
+Simons's Cotoneaster (page 31) forms a much-branching, usually evergreen
+shrub about six feet high. In April, solitary, white, and sessile
+flowers are borne on lateral branches. Foliage angular-shaped and silky
+beneath. Its bright scarlet fruits are conspicuous in late autumn.
+
+_Deutzia gracilis_ (page 32) is a well-known Japanese shrub seen in
+florists' shops in early spring. It forms a compact-growing bush two
+feet high, producing in April terminal spikes of pretty white blossoms
+set amidst the small egg-shaped and narrow-pointed leaves.
+
+The Common Mock Orange (page 33) is an erect-growing shrub, from six to
+ten feet high, profusely covered in May with white and strongly
+orange-scented flowers. The ovate-shaped leaves are said to have the
+odour and taste of cucumbers when crushed. A native of the South of
+Europe.
+
+On page 34 is illustrated the Large-flowered Mock Orange, a shrub from
+the Southern United States. It differs from the Common Mock Orange in
+its taller growth (fully 12 feet), and in the large white blossoms,
+which open in midsummer, being practically scentless. The leaves also
+are more narrow at the point and more rounded at the base.
+
+Philippi's Escallonia (page 35) forms a straggling bush, and in July the
+shoots are densely covered with panicles of small white flowers set
+amidst small dark-green leaves.
+
+The Dotted Escallonia (page 36) is a much-branched evergreen bush, five
+to six feet high, with the shoots terminated by deep-red-coloured
+flowers which open in July. The common name of this plant is derived
+from the leaves having little dot-like swellings (glands) on the lower
+side of the leaves, which are sharp-pointed, ovate in form, and very
+glossy on the upper surface.
+
+Early in May the Buffalo or Missouri Currant (page 37) one of the North
+American Currants, opens its golden-yellow flowers, which are borne in
+drooping clusters on short shoots arising from the main stems. It is a
+loosely-growing plant, about four feet high, with long-stalked,
+three-lobed leaves.
+
+One of the European (British) shrubs, the Wild or Red Currant (page 38)
+is found in the woodlands, where its red-coloured and acid-tasted fruits
+are found in late summer. It throws drooping clusters of green-coloured
+flowers in early spring, and the three to five-angled leaves are a
+distinctive feature of this plant. It is from this plant that the garden
+forms of the Red Currant have arisen.
+
+To those familiar with the West Coast of Scotland, the Riccarton Fuchsia
+(page 39) will have been noticeable to them there as forming hedges
+often over six feet in height. It is a handsome plant, with its shoots
+laden in summer and autumn with drooping red-coloured flowers.
+
+The White-fruited Dogwood (page 40) is usually found in moist
+situations, and opens its flat-shaped flower-heads in May. They are
+succeeded in autumn by clusters of small, white-coloured, fruits. A
+plant that is easily recognisable by its bright-red-coloured shoots and
+large ovate-shaped and sharp-pointed leaves.
+
+One of the most ornamental evergreen shrubs, the Japanese Aucuba (page
+41), is grown in mostly all gardens. The leaves are pale green in colour
+and beautifully spotted with yellow; in form, spear-shaped, leathery to
+the feel, and very glossy. The flowers open in early spring, but are
+inconspicuous, and hidden by the foliage.
+
+The Canadian Elder (page 42) is a plant frequently seen in shrubberies,
+opening its large, white-coloured flower-heads in late July, followed in
+autumn by clusters of purple-coloured berries. The illustration is very
+typical, the large flower-heads being shown among the pinnate leaves and
+oblong-shaped leaflets.
+
+A native of South Europe, the Laurustinus (page 43) flowers throughout
+the winter, according to situation, and may be known by the flat corymbs
+of white flowers. It is an evergreen shrub, with shining, dark-green,
+and oval-shaped leaves.
+
+In the Tomentose Guelder Rose (page 44) the flowers are barren around
+the margin of the truss, and open in early summer, while the leaves are
+flat, rounded, dark-green in colour, and very wrinkled.
+
+The Japanese Guelder Rose (page 45) has large, rounded, barren trusses
+of white flowers, which open in May. It forms a spreading bush from
+three to four feet high.
+
+The Snowberry (page 46) is familiar through its large, white fruits
+hanging on the branches most of the winter. In late summer it opens its
+flowers, which are borne in loose spikes at the end of the branches, and
+forms a loose-growing bush about four feet high.
+
+[A]One of the most ornamental free-flowering shrubs, the Bush
+Honeysuckle (page 47), produces in early summer large clusters of
+bell-shaped and rose-coloured flowers, set amidst light-green,
+ovate-shaped leaves, and attains a height of over six feet.
+
+[Footnote A: Page 69, the Bush Honeysuckle is generally known by
+gardeners under its old Latin name of _Weigela_, which they often
+pronounce "Vigilia."]
+
+A native of New Zealand, the Daisy Tree is one of the most popular
+free-flowering shrubs. The illustration (page 48) shews the foliage
+completely hidden by the numerous small white and yellow-disked flowers.
+It is a box-like plant, and grows over six feet high. The leaves are
+crowded, about one inch long, dull-green colour above and whitish
+beneath, and acute at each end.
+
+The New Zealand Daisy Tree (page 49) has large holly-like leaves, which
+are silvery on the underside, and large flower-heads, which are white,
+with a red centre, and open in July. Forms a loose-growing plant.
+
+A densely-growing bush, the Prickly Heath (page 50) flowers from May to
+July, and the small white flowers are succeeded by berries of various
+colours borne in the axils of the small, dark-green, rigid, shining
+leaves. It rarely grows over four feet high.
+
+The Leather-Leaf (page 51) is a sparse-growing, dwarf, evergreen shrub
+from North America. It flowers from April to May, the small,
+cylindrical-shaped, snow-white flowers being produced from the under
+sides of the branches. Leaves scarce, narrowed to each end, and
+rusty-coloured beneath.
+
+At page 52 is illustrated the Bundle-flowered Andromeda, a shrub growing
+about six feet high, which flowers in April, completely covering the
+plant with spikes of lily-of-the-valley-like blossoms. A plant
+recognised by the long, egg-shaped and sharply-pointed leaves, leathery
+in touching, and of a very dark green colour.
+
+The Labrador Tea (page 53) derives its common name from the leaves
+having been used as a substitute for tea. It grows about three feet
+high, of compact, rounded form, and in early May is profusely covered
+with trusses of white flowers set amidst narrow rusty-looking foliage.
+
+One of the best known shrubs is _Rhododendron flavum_ (page 54)
+(commonly known as _Azalea pontica_), and in early summer it is one of
+the freest-flowering plants. A plant easily known by its trusses of
+yellow-coloured and clammy blossoms with long protruding stamens. The
+large and shiny leaves are sparsely produced.
+
+The Rusty-leaved Alpenrose (page 55) is a European plant rarely growing
+over three feet high, of compact growth, with shining dotted leaves.
+From May onwards plants are conspicuous in rock gardens with their small
+trusses of scarlet and yellow-dotted flowers. For a photograph on a
+larger scale, see _Alpine Plants at Home_, First Series ("Nature Book"
+No. 20), page 39.
+
+Few plants are so well known as the Common or Pontic Rhododendron (page
+56), and in many parts of Britain it has naturalised itself in the
+woodlands. It forms a tall-growing plant, frequently over 12 feet high,
+producing trusses of purple-coloured flowers in May, relieved by large,
+light-green, spear-shaped foliage.
+
+From the delicacy and fragrance of its flowers the Common White Jesamine
+(page 57) ranks as one of the most popular plants of the garden. It
+forms a slender-growing, climbing plant, with feather-shaped leaves and
+acutely-pointed leaflets, and flowers from May to October.
+
+The Common Lilac (page 58) is familiar with its purple or white-coloured
+spikes of flowers, which open in May. It forms a tall-growing plant,
+with large heart-shaped leaves.
+
+Travers's Speedwell (page 59) is a charming evergreen shrub about four
+feet high, with short racemes of pale-mauve-coloured flowers, which open
+in June and July. The leaves are arranged four-rowed along the shoots,
+with short footstalks, narrow-oblong in shape, and dark-green in colour.
+
+A plant peculiar to cottage gardens is the Common Lavender (page 60),
+which produces long-stalked spikes of blue flowers throughout the
+summer. These flowers are usually cut and dried for their lasting
+fragrance, whilst the much-appreciated lavender water is distilled from
+the flowers. It forms a dense-growing bush about two feet high, with
+long narrow-shaped leaves.
+
+On page 61 is illustrated the Poet's Laurel or Sweet Bay, a beautiful
+evergreen shrub from South Europe. In many parts of Britain it grows
+over 21 feet high, but it is usually grown in tubs for floral
+decoration. The leaves, which are spear-shaped, have an agreeable,
+slightly bitter taste, and are used in cooking and for confections. The
+flowers, which are borne in the axils of the leaves, are yellowish in
+colour, but inconspicuous, and appear in early spring.
+
+The Spurge Laurel (page 62), one of the European (British) shrubs, forms
+an evergreen bush about three feet high, with thick, shining,
+spear-shaped leaves. The sweet-scented flowers, of a greenish-yellow
+colour, appear in February and March, but are inconspicuous, and are
+borne in drooping clusters at the base of the leaves. Fruit of this
+plant is highly poisonous.
+
+The Mezereon (page 63) is a conspicuous plant early in March through the
+leafless branches being covered with red, fragrant blossoms, succeeded
+later in summer by scarlet berries set amidst lance-shaped and
+acute-pointed leaves. The Mezereon forms an erect-shaped bush, about
+four feet high, of which the bark is used medicinally. A white-flowering
+form of this plant is in cultivation and bears yellow-coloured berries
+in summer.
+
+Another of the British shrubs is illustrated at page 64 in the Butcher's
+Broom, a plant growing about two feet high, with rigid, spiny, widened
+branches on which are borne the small, white solitary flowers, which
+open in March and April. For a photograph on a larger scale, see _Wild
+Flowers at Home_, Fourth Series ("Nature Book" No. 16), page 58.
+
+--------------------
+
+The Latin nomenclature adopted for the shrubs in this volume is that of
+the "Hand-list of Trees and Shrubs" (1902) issued by the Royal Botanic
+Gardens, Kew. The English and French names are compiled from various
+sources; where none existed, suitable appellations have been coined. The
+German names are due to the kindness of Herr Andreas Voss.
+
+
+
+
+Gowans's Nature Books
+
+
+The object of these little books is to stimulate a love for nature and a
+desire to study it.
+
+Each Volume contains Sixty Photographs by the best Nature Photographers,
+and is printed on the finest paper obtainable.
+
+No. 1.--WILD BIRDS AT HOME. Sixty Photographs from Life, by Chas. Kirk,
+ of British Birds and their Nests.
+
+No. 2.--WILD FLOWERS AT HOME. First Series. Sixty Photographs from
+ Nature, by Cameron Todd.
+
+No. 3.--WILD FLOWERS AT HOME. Second Series. By the Same.
+
+No. 4.--BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS AT HOME. Sixty Photographs from Life, by
+ A. Forrester.
+
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+
+No. 6.--FRESHWATER FISHES. Sixty Photographs from Life, by Walford B.
+ Johnson and Stanley C. Johnson, M.A.
+
+No. 7.--TOADSTOOLS AT HOME. Sixty Photographs of Fungi, by Somerville
+ Hastings, F.R.C.S.
+
+No. 8.--OUR TREES AND HOW TO KNOW THEM. Sixty Photographs by Chas. Kirk.
+
+No. 9.--WILD FLOWERS AT HOME. Third Series. By Somerville Hastings,
+ F.R.C.S.
+
+No. 10.--LIFE IN THE ANTARCTIC. Sixty Photographs from Life, by Members
+ of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition.
+
+No. 11.--REPTILE LIFE. Sixty Photographs from Life, by Walford B.
+ Johnson and Stanley C. Johnson, M.A.
+
+No. 12.--SEA-SHORE LIFE. Sixty Photographs by the Same.
+
+No. 13.--BIRDS AT THE ZOO. Sixty Photographs from Life, by W.S.
+ Berridge, F.Z.S.
+
+No. 14.--ANIMALS AT THE ZOO. Sixty Photographs by the Same.
+
+No. 15.--SOME MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES AND THEIR EGGS. Sixty Photographs by
+ A.E. Tonge, F.E.S.
+
+No. 16.--WILD FLOWERS AT HOME. Fourth Series. By Somerville Hastings.
+
+No. 17.--BRITISH MAMMALS. Sixty Photographs from Life, by Oxley Grabham,
+ M.A., T.A. Metcalfe, Sydney H. Smith, and Chas. Kirk.
+
+No. 18.--POND AND STREAM LIFE. Sixty Photographs from Life, by Walford
+ B. Johnson and Stanley C. Johnson, M.A.
+
+No. 19.--WILD BIRDS AT HOME. Third Series. By Chas. Kirk.
+
+No. 20.--ALPINE PLANTS AT HOME. First Series. Sixty Photographs by
+ Somerville Hastings, F.R.C.S.
+
+No. 21.--FOSSIL PLANTS. Sixty Photographs by E.A. Newell Arber, M.A.,
+ F.L.S., F.G.S.
+
+No. 22.--ALPINE PLANTS AT HOME. Second Series. By Somerville Hastings.
+
+No. 23.--OUR FLOWERING SHRUBS AND HOW TO KNOW THEM. Sixty Photographs by
+ Chas. Kirk.
+
+No. 24.--WILD BIRDS AT HOME. Fourth Series. Sixty Photographs by Peter
+ Webster.
+
+No. 25.--TOADSTOOLS AT HOME. Second Series. By Somerville Hastings.
+
+No. 26.--WILD LIFE IN THE FALKLAND ISLANDS. Sixty Photographs from Life,
+ by Arthur F. Cobb, B.A.
+
+No. 27.--BIRDS AT THE ZOO. Second Series. By W.S. Berridge.
+ [_In Preparation._
+
+No. 28.--ANIMALS AT THE ZOO. Second Series. By W.S. Berridge.
+
+No. 29.--WILD BIRDS AT HOME. Fifth Series. Sixty Photographs by Arthur
+ Brook.
+
+_Others in Preparation._
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+Transcriber's Note: In "Some Short Notes," the page reference for the
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