15 files changed, 18216 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6833f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* text=auto
+*.txt text
+*.md text
diff --git a/38656-0.txt b/38656-0.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4d238f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38656-0.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4303 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 100,
+September 27, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 100, September 27, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: January 23, 2012 [EBook #38656]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, SEPT 27, 1851 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been
+standardized. In the Niniveh inscriptions character frequency list the
+Hebrew letters "Resh" and "Gimel" seem to be missing, while characters
+marked with [?] may have been used more than once. Characters with
+macrons have been marked in brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a
+letter e with a macron on top. Underscores have been used to indicate
+_italic_ fonts. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has
+been added at the end.]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
+
+FOR
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+VOL. IV.--No. 100. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27. 1851.
+
+Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition 7_d._
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                                Page
+
+
+      Our Hundredth Number                                       217
+
+      NOTES:--
+
+      Notes on the Calendar, by Professor de Morgan              218
+
+      Inedited Letters of Swift                                  218
+
+      Nineveh Inscriptions, by T. J. Buckton                     220
+
+      Inedited Letter of Alfieri                                 222
+
+      Stanzas in Childe Harold                                   223
+
+      Notes on Oxford Edition of Jewel                           225
+
+      Anagrams, by Henry H. Breen                                226
+
+      Folk Lore:--Cure for Hooping Cough--Cure for the
+      Toothache--Medical Use of Pigeons--Obeism                  227
+
+      Notes on Julin, No. II., by K. R. H. Mackenzie             228
+
+      Minor Notes:--Curious Epitaph in Dalkeith Churchyard--Device
+      of SS.--Lord Edward Fitzgerald--The Michaelmas
+      Goose--Gravesend Boats--Scullcups                          230
+
+      QUERIES:--
+
+      Minor Queries:--Equestrian Figure of Elizabeth--Indian
+      Ants--Passage in George Herbert--The King's-way,
+      Wilts--Marriages within ruined Churches--Fees
+      for Inoculation--"Born in the Eighth Climate"--Aubrey
+      de Montdidier's Dog--Sanford's Descensus--Parish
+      Registers--Briefs for Collections--Early Printing
+      Presses--Bootikins--Printers' Privilege--Death of
+      Pitt--"A Little Bird told me"--Baroner--William III.
+      at Exeter--History of Hawick--Johannes Lychtenberger
+      --Lestourgeon the Horologist--Physiological Query--De
+      Grammont's Memoirs--"Frightened out of his Seven
+      Senses"--Fides Carbonaria--Bourchier Family--Warnings
+      to Scotland--Herschel anticipated--Duke of Wellington      231
+
+      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--An Early Printer--"Nimble
+      Ninepence"--Prince Rupert's Balls--Knock
+      under--Freemasons                                          234
+
+      REPLIES:--
+
+      Conquest of Scotland                                       234
+
+      Borough-English                                            235
+
+      Pendulum Demonstration                                     235
+
+      Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor                          235
+
+      Collars of SS.                                             236
+
+      Written Sermons                                            237
+
+      Replies to Minor Queries:--Authoress of "A Residence on
+      the Shores of the Baltic"--Winifreda--Querelle
+      d'Alleman--Coins of Constantius II.--Proverb, what
+      constitutes one?--Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe--Pope's
+      Translations of Horace--M. Lominus, Theologus--Corpse
+      passing makes a Right of Way--Horology--Curfew--"Going
+      the whole Hog"--John Bodley--Language of Ancient
+      Egypt--William Hone--Bensley--John Lilburne--School
+      of the Heart--Sir W. Raleigh in Virginia--Siege
+      of Londonderry--Cowper Law--Decretorum Doctor--Nightingale
+      and Thorn--Carli the Economist--Tale of a Tub--Wyle
+      Cop--Visiting Cards--Absalom's Hair--MS. Book of
+      Sentences--The Winchester Execution--Locke's MSS.--Peal of
+      Bells--Pope's "honest Factor"--Bells in Churches--Passage
+      from Virgil--Duke of Berwick--Nullus and
+      Nemo--Grimsdyke--Coke, how pronounced--Marcus Ælius
+      Antoninus                                                  237
+
+      MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     245
+
+      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               245
+
+      Notices to Correspondents                                  246
+
+      Advertisements                                             246
+
+
+
+
+OUR HUNDREDTH NUMBER.
+
+  It is the privilege of age to be garrulous; and as we have this
+  week reached our Hundredth Number--an age to which comparatively
+  few Periodicals ever attain--we may be pardoned if, on thus
+  completing our first _Century of Inventions_, we borrow a few
+  words from the noble author of that well-known work, and beg you,
+  Gentle Reader, "to cast your gracious eye over this summary
+  collection and there to pick and choose:" and when you have done
+  so, to admit that, thanks to the kind assistance of our friends
+  and correspondents, we have not only (like Master Lupton)
+  presented you with _A Thousand Notable Things_, but fulfilled the
+  objects which we proposed in the publication of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES."
+
+  During the hundred weeks our paper has existed we have received
+  from Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Holland, Belgium, and France--from
+  the United States--from India--from Australia--from the West
+  Indies--from almost every one of our Colonies--letters expressive
+  of the pleasure which the writers (many of them obviously scholars
+  "ripe and good," though far removed from the busy world of
+  letters), derive from the perusal of "_Notes and Queries_;" and it
+  is surely a good work to put to students so situated,
+
+          "---- all the learning that our time
+      Can make them the receivers of."
+
+  And, on the other hand, our readers cannot but have noticed how
+  many a pertinent Note, suggestive Query, and apt Reply have
+  reached us from the same remote quarters.
+
+  Our columns have, however, not only thus administered to the
+  intellectual enjoyment of our brethren abroad, but they have
+  rendered good service to men of letters here at home: and We could
+  set forth a goodly list of works of learning and research--from
+  Mr. Cunningham's _Handbook of London Past and Present_, published
+  when we had been but a few months in existence, down to Wyclyffe's
+  _Three Treatises on the Church_, recently edited by the Rev. Dr.
+  Todd--in which the utility of "NOTES AND QUERIES" is publicly
+  recognised in terms which are highly gratifying to us.
+
+  We do not make these statements in any vainglorious spirit. We
+  believe our success is due to the manner in which, thanks to the
+  ready assistance of zealous and learned Friends and
+  Correspondents, we have been enabled to supply a want which all
+  literary men have felt more or less: and believing that the more
+  we are known, and the wider our circulation, the greater will be
+  our usefulness, and the better shall we be enabled to serve the
+  cause we seek to promote. We feel we may fairly invite increased
+  support for "NOTES AND QUERIES" on the grounds of what it has
+  already accomplished.
+
+  And so, wishing ourselves many happy returns of this
+  Centenary--and that you, Gentle Reader, may be spared to enjoy
+  them, We bid you heartily Farewell!
+
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+NOTE ON THE CALENDAR.
+
+What every one learns from the almanac, over and above Easter and its
+consequences for the current year, is that what happens this year is no
+index at all to what will happen next year. And even those who preserve
+their almanacs, and compare them in long series, never have been able,
+so far as I know, to lay hands upon any law connecting the Easters of
+different years, without having had recourse to the very complicated law
+on which the whole calendar is constructed.
+
+Nevertheless there does exist a simple relation which reduces the
+uncertainty in the proportion of five to two; so that by means of one
+past almanac, we may name _two_ Sundays, one or the other of which must
+be Easter Sunday. I have never seen this relation noticed, though I have
+read much (for these days) on the calendar: has any one of your readers
+ever met with it?
+
+Let us make a _cycle_ of the days on which Easter day can fall, so that
+when we come to the last (April 25), we begin again at the first (March
+22). Thus, six days in advance of April 23, comes March 25; seven days
+behind March 24, comes April 21.
+
+The following is the _rule_, after which come two cases of
+_exception_:--
+
+Take any year which is _not_ leap year, then, by passing over _eleven_
+years, we either leave Easter day unaltered, or throw it back a week;
+and it is nearly three to one that we have to leave it unaltered. Thus
+1941 is not leap year, and eleven years more give 1952; both have April
+13 for Easter day; but of 1943 and 1954, the first gives April 25, the
+second April 18.
+
+Take any year which _is_ leap year, then, by passing over _eleven_
+years, we either throw Easter one day forward, or six days back; and it
+is about three to two that it will be thrown forward. Thus 1852 (leap
+year) gives April 11, but 1863 gives April 5.
+
+But when, in passing over eleven years, we pass over 1700, 1800, or any
+Gregorian omission of leap year, the common year takes the rule just
+described for leap year; while, if we begin with leap year, the passage
+over eleven years throws Easter _two_ days forward, or _five_ days back.
+There is another class of single exceptions, occurring at long
+intervals, which it is hardly worth while to examine. The only case
+which occurs between 1582 and 2000, is when the first year is 1970.
+
+Any number of instances may be taken from my _Book of Almanacs_, and the
+general rule may be easily seen to belong also to the old style. Those
+who understand the construction of the calendar will very easily find
+the explanation of the whole.
+
+    A. DE MORGAN.
+
+
+INEDITED LETTERS OF SWIFT.
+
+  [By the great kindness of a correspondent who has placed at our
+  disposal two hitherto inedited letters written by Swift, we are
+  enabled to present the following literal copies of them to our
+  readers.
+
+  They are obviously addressed to Frances Lady Worsley, only
+  daughter of Thomas Lord Viscount Weymouth, and wife of Sir Robert
+  Worsley, Baronet, and the mother of Lady Carteret. In Sir Walter
+  Scott's edition of Swift's _Works_ (vol. xvii. p. 302.) will be
+  found one letter from the Dean of St. Patrick to Lady Worsely; and
+  in vol. xviii. p. 26. is the letter from that lady to the Dean
+  which accompanied the escritoire alluded to in the second of the
+  two letters which we now print. This appears from Swift's
+  endorsement of it--"Lady Worsley, with a present of a writing-box
+  japanned by herself."]
+
+"Madam,--It is now three years and a half since I had the Honor to see
+Your Ladyship, and I take it very ill that You have not finished my Box
+above a Month. But this is allways the way that You Ladyes treat your
+adorers in their absence. However upon Mrs. Barber's account I will
+pardon You, because she tells me it is the handsomest piece of work she
+ever saw; and because you have accepted the honor to be one of her
+protectors, and are determined to be one of her principall recommenders
+and encouragers. I am in some doubt whether envy had not a great share
+in your work, for you were I suppose informed that my Lady Carteret had
+made for me with her own hands the finest box in Ireland; upon which you
+grew jealous, and resolved to outdo her by making for me the finest box
+in England; for so Mrs. Barber assures me. In short, I am quite
+overloaden with favors from Your Ladyship and your Daughter; and what is
+worse, those loads will lye upon my Shoulders as long as I live. But I
+confess my self a little ungrateful, because I cannot deny Your Ladyship
+to have been the most constant of all my Goddesses, as I am the most
+constant of all your Worshippers. I hope the Carterets and the Worsleys
+are all happy and in health, and You are obliged to let Sir Robert
+Worsley know that I am his most humble Servant; but You need say nothing
+of my being so long his Rival. I hear my friend Harry is returning from
+the fiery Zone, I hope with more money than he knows what to do with;
+but whether his vagabond Spirit will ever fix is a question. I beg your
+Ladyship will prevail on S'r Robert Worsley to give me a Vicarage in the
+Isle of Wight; for I am weary of living at such a distance from You. It
+need not be above forty pounds a year.
+
+"As to Mrs. Barber, I can assure you she is but one of four Poetesses in
+this town, and all Citizens' wives; but she has the vogue of being the
+best: yet one of them is a Scholar, and hath published a new edition of
+Tacitus, with a Latin dedication to My Lord Carteret.
+
+"I require that Your Ladyship shall still preserve me some little corner
+in your memory; and do not think to put me off onely with a Box, which I
+can assure you will not contribute in the least to[1] ... my esteem and
+regard for Your Ladyship.... I have been always, and shall ever remain,
+
+      "Madam,
+
+      "Your Lady ...
+
+      "Obedient and ...
+      humble ...
+      JON'N....
+
+"Dublin, May 1're, 1731."
+
+  [Footnote 1: A small portion of the original letter has been lost.]
+
+  [As Lady Worsley's letter serves to explain several allusions in
+  Swift's letters, and is obviously the one to which the second
+  letter we print is the reply, we here insert it.]
+
+"August 6th, 1732.
+
+"Sir,--I flatter myself, that if you had received my last letter,
+you would have favoured me with an answer; therefore I take it for
+granted it is lost.
+
+"I was so proud of your commands, and so fearful of being supplanted by
+my daughter, that I went to work immediately, that her box might not
+keep her in your remembrance, while there was nothing to put you in mind
+of an old friend and humble servant. But Mrs. Barber's long stay here
+(who promised me to convey it to you) has made me appear very negligent.
+I doubt not but you think me unworthy of the share (you once told me) I
+had in your heart. I am yet vain enough to think I deserve it better
+than all those flirting girls you coquet with. I will not yield (even)
+to _dirty Patty_, whom I was the most jealous of when you were last
+here. What if I am a great-grandmother, I can still distinguish your
+merit from all the rest of the world; but it is not consistent with your
+good-breeding to put one in mind of it, therefore I am determined not to
+use my interest with Sir Robert for a living in the Isle of Wight[2],
+though nothing else could reconcile me to the place. But if I could make
+you Archbishop of Canterbury, I should forget my resentments, for the
+sake of the flock, who very much want a careful shepherd. Are we to have
+the honour of seeing you, or not? I have fresh hopes given me; but I
+dare not please myself too much with them, lest I should be again
+disappointed. If I had it as much in my power as my inclination to serve
+Mrs. Barber, she should not be kept thus long attending; but I hope her
+next voyage may prove more successful. She is just come in, and tells me
+you have sprained your foot, which will prevent your journey till next
+summer; but assure yourself the Bath is the only infallible cure for
+such an accident. If you have any regard remaining for me, you will shew
+it by taking my advice; if not, I will endeavour to forget you, if I
+can. But, till that doubt is cleared, I am as much as ever, the Dean's
+
+      "Obedient humble Servant,
+
+      "F. WORSLEY."
+
+  [Footnote 2: Where her husband, Sir Robert Worsley, possessed the
+  estate of Appuldercombe.]
+
+"Madam,--I will never tell, but I will always remember how many years
+have run out since I had first the honor and happiness to be known to
+Your Ladyship, which however I have a thousand times wished to have
+never happened, since it was followed by the misfortune of being
+banished from You for ever. I believe you are the onely Lady in England
+that for a thousand years past hath so long remembered a useless friend
+in absence, which is too great a load of favor for me and all my
+gratitude to support.
+
+"I can faithfully assure your Ladyship that I never received from You
+more than one letter since I saw you last; and that I sent you a long
+answer. I often forget what I did yesterday, or what passed half an hour
+ago; and yet I can well remember a hundred particulars in Your
+Ladyship's company. This is the memory of those who grow old. I have no
+room left for new Ideas. I am offended with one passage in Your
+Ladyship's letter; but I will forgive You, because I do not believe the
+fact, and all my acquaintance here joyn with me in my unbelief. You make
+excuses for not sooner sending me the most agreeable present that ever
+was made, whereas it is agreed by all the curious and skilfull of both
+sexes among us, that such a piece of work could not be performed by the
+most dextrous pair of hands and finest eyes in Christendom, in less than
+a year and a half, at twelve hours a day. Yet Mrs. Barber, corrupted by
+the obligations she hath to you, would pretend that I over reckon six
+months, and six hours a day. Be that as it will, our best virtuosi are
+unanimous that the Invention exceeds, if possible, the work itself. But
+to all these praises I coldly answer, that although what they say be
+perfectly true, or indeed below the truth, yet if they had ever seen or
+conversed with Your Ladyship as I have done, they would have thought
+this escritoire a very poor performance from such hands, such eyes, and
+such an imagination. To speak my own thoughts, the work itself does not
+delight me more than the little cares you were pleased to descend to in
+contriving ways to have it conveyed so far without damage, whereof it
+received not the least from without; what there was came from within;
+for one of the little rings that lifts a drawer for wax, hath touched a
+part of one of the Pictures, and made a mark as large as the head of a
+small pin; but it touches onely an end of a cloud; and yet I have been
+carefull to twist a small thread of silk round that wicked ring, who
+promiseth to do so no more.
+
+"Your Ladyship wrongs me in saying that I twitted you with being a
+great-grandmother. I was too prudent and carefull of my own credit to
+offer the least hint upon that head, while I was conscious that I might
+have been great-grandfather to you.
+
+"I beg you, Madam, that there may be no quarrells of jealousy between
+Your Ladyship and My Lady Carteret: I set her at work by the authority I
+claymed over her as your daughter. The young woman showed her
+readynesse, and performed very well for a new beginner, and deserves
+encouragement. Besides, she filled the Chest with Tea, whereas you did
+not send me a single pen, a stick of wax, or a drop of Ink; for all
+which I must bear the charge out of my own pocket. And after all if Your
+Ladyship were not by I would say that My Lady Carteret's Box (as you
+disdainfully call it instead of a Tea-chest) is a most beautiful piece
+of work, and is oftener used than yours, because it is brought down for
+tea after dinner among Ladyes, whereas my escritoire never stirrs out of
+my closet, but when it is brought for a sight. Therefore I again desire
+there may be no family quarrells upon my account.
+
+"As to Patty Blount, you wrong her very much. She was a neighbor's
+child, a good Catholick, an honest Girl, and a tolerable Courtier at
+Richmond. I deny she was dirty, but a little careless, and sometimes
+wore a ragged gown, when she and I took long walks. She saved her money
+in summer onely to be able to keep a Chair at London in winter: this is
+the worst you can say; and she might have a whole coat to her back if
+her good nature did not make her a fool to her mother and sanctifyed
+sister Teresa. And she was the onely Girl I coquetted in the whole half
+year that I lived with Mr. Pope in Twitenham, whatever evil tongues
+might have informed your Ladyship, in hopes to set you against me. And
+after this usage, if I accept the Archbishoprick of Canterbury from your
+Ladyship's hands, I think you ought to acknowledge it as a favor.
+
+"Are you not weary, Madam? Have you patience to read all this? I am
+bringing back past times; I imagine myself talking with you as I used to
+do; but on a sudden I recollect where I am sitting, banished to a
+country of slaves and beggars; my blood soured, my spirits sunk,
+fighting with Beasts like St. Paul, not at Ephesus, but in Ireland.
+
+"I am not of your opinion, that the flocks (in either Kingdom) want
+better Shepherds; for, as the French say, 'à tels brebis tel pasteur:'
+and God be thanked that I have no flock at all, so that I neither can
+corrupt nor be corrupted.
+
+"I never saw any person so full of acknowledgment as Mrs. Barber is for
+Your Ladyship's continued favors to her, nor have I known any person of
+a more humble and gratefull spirit than her, or who knows better how to
+distinguish the Persons by whom she is favored. But I will not honor
+myself so far, or dishonor you so much, as to think I can add the least
+weight to your own naturall goodness and generosity.
+
+"You must, as occasion serves, Present my humble respects to My Lord and
+Lady Carteret, and my Lady Dysert, and to S'r Robert Worsley.
+
+"I am, and shall be ever, with the truest respect, esteem, and
+gratitude,
+
+      "Madam,
+
+      "Your Ladyship's most obedient
+          and most humble Servant,
+
+      "JONATH. SWIFT.
+
+"Dublin, Nov. 4're, 1732.
+
+"I know not where my old friend Harry Worsley is, but I am his most
+humble servant."
+
+  [On the back of the Letter is the following Postscript.]
+
+"Madam,--I writ this Letter two months ago, and was to send it by Mrs.
+Barber; but she falling ill of the gout, and I deferring from day to
+day, expecting her to mend, I was at last out of patience. I have sent
+it among others by a private hand.
+
+  "I wish Your Ladyship and all your family many happy new years.
+
+"Jan. 8'e, 1732."
+
+
+NINEVEH INSCRIPTIONS.
+
+The accumulation of these treasures in London and Paris, leads to the
+belief that they will soon be decyphered. The following remarks are
+offered in promotion of so desirable an object. It must be premised that
+a printer, when requiring type from the type-founder for English books,
+does not order the same quantity for each letter; but, according to a
+scale adapted to the requirements of printing, he orders only so many of
+each letter as he is likely to use. That scale may be nearly represented
+in the following way: the letter _z_ being the one least used in
+English, he will require
+
+      Twice the number of letter z for letter x
+      Twice also     --              --       j
+       2-1/2 times   --              --       q
+       4      "      --              --       k
+       6      "      --              --       v
+       8      "      --              --       b
+       8-1/2  "      --              --       p
+       8-1/2  "      --              --       g
+      10      "      --              --       y
+      10      "      --              --       w
+      15      "      --              --       m
+      15      "      --              --       c
+      17      "      --              --       u
+      20-1/2  "      --              --       l
+      21      "      --              --       f
+      22      "      --              --       d
+      31      "      --              --       r
+      32      "      --              --       h
+      40      "      --              --       s
+      40      "      --              --       n
+      40      "      --              --       o
+      41-1/2  "      --              --       i
+      42-1/2  "      --              --       a
+      45      "      --              --       t
+      60      "      --              --       e
+
+Suppose now a person to write English in cypher, using unknown
+characters for the well-known letters; it would be easy to decypher his
+writing, _if of sufficient length_ to make the general rule acted on in
+the printing trade applicable. The decypherer, by selecting each
+distinct unknown character, and numbering them respectively, would find
+that the character oftenest occurring was _e_, the next oftenest _t_,
+and so on to the character having the lowest number, being least used,
+which would of course be _z_. Persons accustomed to decypher European
+correspondence for diplomatic purposes, will pronounce best on the
+practicability of this method for the decyphering of modern languages.
+
+It is proposed then to apply the same method in the several languages
+_supposed_ nearest of kin to that of the Nineveh inscriptions. Without
+entering into the reasons for that opinion, it may suffice, for the
+present purpose of illustration, to assume that the language of these
+inscriptions is Chaldee. To apply this method the numbers of each letter
+occurring in the Targum of Onkelos on Genesis, or the whole Pentateuch,
+should be taken. This enumeration has been made as regards the Hebrew
+(see Bagster's _Family Bible_, at the end of Deuteronomy). The readiest
+mode of effecting such enumeration would be to employ twenty-two persons
+knowing the Chaldee letters, and to assign a letter to each, calling out
+to them each letter as it occurred in Onkelos, whilst each person kept
+count of his own letter on a tally, and summing up the total gave in the
+result to the reader _at the end of each chapter_. This would be
+necessary with a view to ascertain what _quantity_ of unknown
+inscription was required to evolve the rule, as the proposed method is
+clearly inapplicable when the quantity of matter to be decyphered is
+inconsiderable.
+
+Having gone over sufficient ground to satisfy himself of the certainty
+of the rule, the decypherer would next count the numbers of each
+distinct character in all the cuneiform inscriptions accessible to him,
+making allowance for final letters, also for vowel points which may be
+attached to the character, as in Ethiopic. Assuming the rule in Chaldee
+to be the same as in Hebrew (it is in fact very different), he would
+find the character oftenest occurring in the Nineveh inscriptions to be
+ו, the next מ, the rest in the following order as to frequency of
+occurrence, ט , ס , ע , צ , [?] ד , פ , ז , ק , [?] ח , [?] ב , ש , [?]
+ד , [?] ב , ל , נ , א , ה , כ , ת , י , the first letter, ו, vau,
+occurring nearly seven times as often as ט, teth. The order of the
+letters would, in fact, vary much from this in Chaldee; the servile
+letters being different would alone much disturb the assumed order,
+actually ascertained nevertheless, as respects the Hebrew letters, in
+the five books of Moses. One word as to the order in which the several
+languages should be experimented on. The Chaldee would be the first, and
+next in succession, (2) the Syriac, (3) the Ethiopic, (4) the Arabic,
+(5) the Hebrew (die jungste Schwester),[3] and (6) the Pehlvi. The
+Indo-European languages would, in case of failure in the above, claim
+next attention: of these first the Zend, next (2) the Sanscrit, then (3)
+the Armenian, &c. &c.
+
+  [Footnote 3: Adelung in _Mithridates_.]
+
+The resemblance of many of the characters on the Babylonian bricks, as
+well as on the stones of Nineveh, is very great to the characters known
+in our Bibles as Hebrew, but which are in fact not Hebrew but Chaldee,
+and were introduced by the Jews subsequent to their Babylonish
+captivity: the original Hebrew character was that still existing on
+coins, and nearly approximates in many respects to the Samaritan
+character. In some MSS. collated by Kennicott, he found the
+tetragrammaton "Jehovah" written in this ancient character, whilst the
+rest was Chaldee. The characteristic of the unknown letters is their
+resemblance to nails, to arrow-heads, and to wedges, from which, indeed,
+they are commonly designated. In the Chaldee (the Hebrew of our Bibles)
+this is also strikingly visible, notwithstanding the effect of time in
+wearing down the arridges: thus, in the oftenest recurring letter, ו, in
+the left leg of the ת, in ע, in צ, in ט, in נ, in מ, and especially in
+ש, the cuneiform type is most clearly traceable. One of the unknown
+characters, [Shin-like symbol], seems almost identical with ש, allowance
+being made for the cursive form which written characters assume after
+centuries of use.
+
+The horn is very conspicuous on the heads of men in the Nineveh (Asshur)
+sculptures, still, as a fashion, retained in Ethiopia (Cush,
+Abyssinia[4]), the origin of the Chaldeans, through Nimrod the Cushite
+(Gen. x. 8.), who probably derived their chief sustenance from the river
+Tigris (Hiddekel). Subsistence from (1) fishing, (2) hunting (_e.g._
+Nimrod), (3) grazing, and (4) agriculture, seems to have succeeded in
+the order named. The repeated appearance of _fish_ on the same
+sculptures, is in allusion, doubtless, to the name Nineveh (= fish +
+habitation); and their worship of the half-man, half-fish (the fabulous
+mermaid or merman), to which many of the _Cetaceæ_ bear a close
+resemblance (the sea-horse for example), common with them and the
+Phoenicians (in the latter tongue named Dagon), is probably allusive, in
+their symbolic style, to the abstract notion of _fecundity_, so general
+an element of veneration in all the known mythological religions of
+ancient and modern times. See Nahum _passim_.
+
+  [Footnote 4: Alexander the Great adopted the horns as Jupiter
+  Ammon. See Vincent's _Periplus of the Erythrean Sea_, and
+  frontispiece. The women of Lebanon have, it appears, retained the
+  fashion. See _Pict. Bible_ on Zech. i. 18.]
+
+From an attentive examination of these monuments in the British Museum,
+it appears highly probable that the writing is from left to right, as in
+the Ethiopic and Coptic, and in the Indo-European family generally, and
+is the reverse of all the other Shemitic tongues. This inference is
+derived from the fact that each line (with few exceptions) ranges with
+those above and below, as in a printed book, perpendicularly on the
+_left_, and breaks off on the _right_ hand, as at the termination of a
+sentence, whilst some of the characters seem to stretch beyond the usual
+line of limit to the right, as if the sculptor had made the common error
+of not having _quite_ space enough for a word not divisible.
+
+The daguerreotype might be advantageously used in copying all the
+inscriptions yet discovered, of each of which three or four copies
+should be taken, to obviate mistakes and accidents. These being brought
+to England and carefully examined by the microscope, should be legibly
+engraved and stereotyped, and sent to all the linguists of Europe and
+elsewhere, and copies should also be deposited in all public libraries.
+
+A comparison of the twelve cursive letters in Mr. Layard's _Nineveh_,
+vol. ii. p. 166., with Büttner's tables at the end of the first volume
+of Eichhorn's _Einleitung in das Alte Testament_ (Leipzic, 1803), has
+led to an unexpected result. The particular table with which the
+comparison was instituted, is No. II. Class i. Phoenician, col. 2.,
+headed "Palæstinæ in nummis;" any person therefore can verify it. This
+result is the following reading in the proper Chaldee character:—
+
+  רבקלבנו-ושש-דן
+
+  RaBKaLBeNO—VeSheeSh—DiN.
+
+The meaning is "Rabbi (Mr.) Kalbeno"—"And six"—"Judge." Perhaps Kalbeno
+should be Albeno, the initial letter being obscure. The above is put
+forth as a curious coincidence, not by any means with the certainty
+which a much more extended examination than a dozen letters can afford.
+
+    T. J. BUCKTON.
+
+  Lichfield.
+
+
+INEDITED LETTER OF ALFIERI.
+
+  [The circumstances which led to Alfieri's hasty retreat from
+  England in 1771, and to Lord Ligonier's successful application for
+  a divorce, are doubtless familiar to all who have read the very
+  amusing Autobiography of the Italian poet. At all events we must
+  presume so, as they are scarcely of a nature to be reproduced in
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES." Twenty years after that even, when about to
+  embark for the Continent with the Countess of Albany, Alfieri, as
+  he was stepping on board the packet, saw again for the first time
+  since 1771 Lady Ligonier, who was on the quay. They recognised
+  each other, but that was all.
+
+  Alfieri, after describing this event in the 21st chapter of his
+  Autobiography, proceeds:--"Si arrivo a Calais; di dove io molto
+  colpito di quella vista cosi inespettata le volli scrivere per
+  isfogo del cuore, e mandai la mia lettera al Banchiere de Douvres,
+  che glie la rimettesse in proprie mani, e me ne trasmettesse poi
+  la risposta a Bruxelles, dove sarei stato fra pochi giorni. _La
+  mia lettera, di cui mi spiace di non aver serbato copia_ era
+  certamente piena d' affetti, non gia d' amore, ma di una vera e
+  profonda commozione di vederla ancora menare una vita errante e si
+  poco decorosa al suo stato e nascita, e di dolore che io ne
+  sentiva tanto più pensando di esserne io stato ancorche
+  innocentement o li cagione o li pretesto."
+
+  The original letter of Alfieri (which we presume he would have
+  inserted in his Autobiography, had he kept a copy of it, seeing
+  that he has there printed Lady Ligonier's reply) is in the
+  possession of a nobleman, a relative of the unfortunate lady; and
+  we are enabled by the kindness of a correspondent to lay before
+  our readers the following copy of it.
+
+  How far it bears out the writer's description of it we do not stop
+  to ask; but certainly if the reader will take the trouble to turn
+  to the conclusion of the chapter to which we have referred, we
+  think he cannot fail to be struck with the difference between the
+  terms in which the quondam lover writes _of_ the lady, and those
+  which he addresses _to_ her in the following Epistle.[5]]
+
+  [Footnote 5: In the only edition of the _Vita_ (12mo. 1809) to
+  which we have an opportunity of referring, this event is
+  represented as occurring in 1791: it will be seen that it really
+  took place in 1792. The lady's reply is there dated (tom. ii. p.
+  193.) "Dover, 25th _April_," instead of 24th _August_.]
+
+  "Calais, Mercredi, 24 Aout, 1792.
+
+"Madam,--Mon silence en vous revoyant après vingt années d'absence, a
+été le fruit de l'étonnement, et non pas de l'indifférence. C'est un
+sentiment qui m'est inconnu pour les personnes qui m'ont intéressé une
+fois, et pour vous surtout, dont j'ai à me reprocher toute ma vie
+d'avoir été la principale cause de toutes vos vicissitudes. Si j'avois
+eu le courage de m'approcher de vous, ma langue n'auroit certainement
+jamais retrouvé d'expression pour vous rendre tous les mouvemens
+tumultueux de mon âme et de mon coeur à cette apparition si subite et si
+momentanée. Je n'aurois trouvé que des larmes pour vous dire tout ce que
+je sentais; et en vous le traçant confusement sur ce papier, elles
+viennent encore m'interrompre. Ce n'est pourtant pas de l'amour qui me
+parle pour vous, mais c'est un mélange de sentimens si tendres, de
+souvenirs, de regrets, et d'inquiétude pour votre sort présent et
+future, que vous pouvez seule comprendre ou diviner. Je n'ai dans le
+cours de ces vingt ans jamais sçu au juste de vos nouvelles. Un mariage
+d'inclination que j'appris que vous aviez fait, devoit faire votre
+bonheur. J'apprends à présent que cela n'a pas rempli vos espérances: je
+m'en afflige pour vous. Au nom de Dieu, faites-moi seulement sçavoir si
+vous êtes heureuse au moins; c'est là l'objet de mes voeux les plus
+ardents. Je ne vous parle point de moi; je ne sçais pas si mon sort peut
+vous intéresser de même; je vous dirai seulement que l'âge ne me corrige
+point du défaut de trop sentir; que, malgré cela, je suis aussi heureux
+que je puis l'être, et que rien ne manqueroit à ma félicité, si je vous
+sçavois contente et heureuse. Mais au cas que cela ne soit pas,
+adoucissez-moi du moins l'amertume de cette nouvelle en me disant
+expressément que ce n'est point moi qui en ai été la cause, et que vous
+ne désespérez pas d'être encore heureuse et d'accord avec vous-même.
+
+"Je finis, parce que j'aurois trop de choses à vous dire, et que ma
+lettre deviendroit plustôt celle d'un père, que celle d'un ancien amant.
+Mais la cause de mes paroles étant dans le sensibilité de mon coeur, je
+ne doute point que la sensibilité du vôtre, dont j'ai été convaincu, ne
+les reçoive avec indulgence, et avec un reste d'affection que je n'ai
+pas mérité de perdre de votre part. Si vous voulez donc me dire quelque
+chose de vous, et que ma lettre ne vous a point déplu, vous pouvez
+addresser votre réponse à Bruxelles, poste restante. Si vous ne jugez
+point à-propos de me répondre, faites seulement sçavoir à la personne
+qui vous fera remettre celle-ci, que vous l'avez reçue. Cela me
+consolera un peu de la douleur que m'a causé le rétracement subit de vos
+infortunes, que votre vue a toute réveillées dans mon âme. Adieu, donc,
+adieu.
+
+  "VITTORIO ALFIERI."
+
+
+STANZAS IN "CHILDE HAROLD."
+
+There is a famous passage in one of Lord Byron's most famous poems,
+which I am ashamed to confess that, though I am English born, and a
+constant reader of poetry, I cannot clearly understand. It seems to
+present no difficulties to anybody else, for it has been quoted a
+thousand times over and over, without any intimation that it is not as
+clear as light. It is in the sublime Address to the Ocean at the end of
+Canto IV. of _Childe Harold_, stanza 182.:
+
+      "Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee--
+      Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage, what are they?
+      Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since; their shores obey
+      The stranger, slave, or savage; their decay
+      Has dried up realms to deserts:--not so thou,
+      Unchangeable save to thy wild waves' play--
+      Time writes no wrinkle on thine azure brow--
+      Such as creation's dawn beheld, thou rollest now."
+
+I have copied out to the end of the stanza; for in fact it is not easy
+to stop the pen when copying such stanzas as these: but my business is
+with the fourth and fifth lines only. In the fourth line, as you will
+observe, a semicolon is inserted after the word "since." I find it there
+in the first edition of the fourth canto of _Childe Harold_, published
+in 1818; it is there in the standard edition of Lord Byron's _Works_,
+issued by Murray about 1832; it is there in the splendid illustrated
+edition of _Childe Harold_ published by Murray in 1841,--one of the
+finest books of the kind, if not the finest, that has yet done honour to
+the English press. This punctuation is found, therefore, in the earliest
+edition that was issued, and in those on which the most care has been
+bestowed. Yet what is the sense which the lines thus punctuated present?
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them [_i. e._ the empires] while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since."
+
+They waters wasted many a tyrant? How, in the name of wonder? What sort
+of an occupation is this to assign to the majestic ocean? Does the poet
+mean to assert that anciently it wasted empires, and now it only wastes
+individuals. Absurd! Yet such is the only meaning, as far as I see,
+that can be assigned to the lines as they stand.
+
+If the punctuation be altered, that is, if the semicolon after "since"
+be removed, and a comma placed at the end of the line, the whole becomes
+luminous:
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since their shores obey."
+
+That is (I beg pardon if I am unnecessarily explanatory), "The waters
+wasted these empires while they were free, and since they have been
+enslaved,"--an apt illustration of that indifference to human affairs
+which the poet is attributing to the ocean. The words, "the stranger,
+slave, or savage," which follow in the next line, are to be taken in
+connexion with the phrase "many a tyrant," and as an enumeration of the
+different sorts of tyrants to which these unhappy empires have been
+subjected.
+
+This is my view of the sense of this famous passage: if any of your
+correspondents can point out a better, I can only say "candidus
+imperti," &c.
+
+There was a very elaborate article on Lord Byron's Address to the Ocean
+in _Blackwood's Magazine_ for October, 1848; but the writer, who
+dissects it almost line by line, has somehow, as is the wont of
+commentators, happened to pass over the difficulty which stands right in
+his way. To make up for this, however, he contrives to find new
+difficulties of his own. The following is a specimen:
+
+  "Recite," he says, "the stanza beginning,
+
+      'Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee;'
+
+  and when the sonorous roll has subsided, try to understand it. You
+  will find some difficulty, if we mistake not, in knowing who or
+  what is the apostrophized subject. Unquestionably the world's
+  ocean, and not the Mediterranean. The very last verse we were far
+  in the Atlantic:
+
+      'Thy shores are empires.'
+
+  "The shores of the world's ocean are empires. There are, or have
+  been, the British empire, the German empire, the Russian empire,
+  and the empire of the Great Mogul, the Chinese empire, the empire
+  of Morocco, the four great empires of antiquity, the French
+  empire, and some others. The poet does not intend names and things
+  in this very strict way, however," &c.
+
+What empires the poet _did_ mean there is surely no difficulty in
+discovering, for those who wish to understand rather than to cavil. The
+very next line to that quoted is--
+
+      "_Assyria_, _Greece_, _Rome_, _Carthage_, what are they?"
+
+and it would require some hardihood to assert that these empires were
+not on the shores of the Mediterranean.
+
+After all, the best commentators are translators: they are obliged to
+take the difficulties by the horns. I find, in a translation of Byron's
+_Works_ published at Pforzheim in 1842, the lines thus rendered by Dr.
+Duttenhofer:
+
+      "Du bleibst, ob Reiche schwinden an den Küsten,--
+      Assyrien, Hellas, Rom, Carthago--schwand,
+      Die _freien_ könnte Wasserfluth verwüsten
+      Wie die Tyrannen; es gehorcht der Strand
+      Dem Fremdling, Sclaven, Wilden," &c.
+
+Duttenhofer has here taken the text as he found it, and has given it as
+much meaning as he could; but alas for those who are compelled to take
+their notion of the poetry of _Childe Harold_ from his German, instead
+of the original English! There is one passage in which the reader finds
+this reflection driven hard upon him. Who is there that does not know
+Byron's stanza on the Dying Gladiator, when, speaking of
+
+      "The inhuman shout which hail'd the wretch who won,"
+
+he adds, in lines which will be read _till_ Homer and Virgil are
+forgotten:
+
+      "He heard it, but he heeded not--his eyes
+      Were with his heart, and that was far away;
+      He reck'd not of the life he lost nor prize,
+      But where his rude hut by the Danube lay,
+      _There_ were his young barbarians all at play,
+      _There_ was their Dacian mother--he, their sire,
+      Butcher'd to make a Roman holiday--
+      All this gush'd with his blood--shall he expire
+      And unavenged? Arise, ye Goths! and glut your ire!"
+
+There are two phrases in this stanza which seem to me to have never been
+surpassed: "young barbarians," and "all this _gushed with his blood_."
+How inimitable is "young barbarians!" The "curiosa felicitas" of Horace
+never carried him farther,--or perhaps so far. Herr Duttenhofer contents
+himself by saying--
+
+                        "fern am Donaustrand
+      Sind seine Kinder, freuend sich am Spiel."
+
+"Afar on the shore of the Danube are _his children_, diverting
+themselves at play." Good heavens! is this translation, and German
+translation too, of which we have heard so much? Again:
+
+                          "wie sein Blut
+      Hinfliesst, denkt er an dies."
+
+"As his blood flows away, he thinks of this!" What could Herr
+Duttenhofer be thinking of?
+
+To my surprise, on turning to the passage this moment in Byron's poems,
+I find it stands--
+
+      "All this _rush'd_ with his blood,"
+
+instead of "_gush'd_." It is so in the original edition, in the _Works_,
+and in the splendid edition of 1841, all three. Can there be any doubt
+of the superiority of "gush'd?" To me there seems none; and, singularly
+enough, it so happens that twice in conversation with two of the most
+distinguished writers of this age--one a prosaist and the other a poet,
+whose names I wish I were at liberty to mention--I have had occasion to
+quote this passage, and they both agreed with me in ascribing the
+highest degree of poetical excellence to the use of this very word. I
+wish I could believe myself the author of such an improvement; but I
+have certainly somewhere seen the line printed as I have given it; very
+possibly in Ebenezer Elliott the Corn-law Rhymer's _Lectures on Poetry_,
+in which I distinctly remember that he quoted the stanza.
+
+      T. W.
+
+
+"NOTES" ON THE OXFORD EDITION OF BISHOP JEWEL'S WORKS.
+
+I send, with some explanation, a few Notes, taken from among others that
+I had marked in my copy of the edition of Bishop Jewel's Works, issued
+by the Oxford university press, 8 vols. 8vo. 1848.
+
+Vol. ii. p. 352., l. 6., has, in Jewel's _Reply to Harding's Answer_,
+Article v., "Of Real Presence," seventh division, the following: "And
+therefore St. Paul saith, 'That I live now, I live in the flesh of the
+Son of God.'" To this the following is appended by the Oxford editor:
+
+  "[Galatians ii. 20 '... And the life which I now live in the flesh
+  I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave
+  himself for me?' It cannot be denied that Jewel is here guilty, to
+  say the least, of very unjustifiable carelessness.]"
+
+The true state of the case is, that Bishop Jewel, in the original _Reply
+to Harding_, published in his lifetime, 1565, had given the text with
+entire correctness--"That I live now in the flesh, I live in the faith
+of the Son of God:" but this, long after the Bishop's death, was
+misprinted in the editions of 1609 and 1611. The Oxford Jewel, moreover,
+of 1848 does not even profess to follow the editions of 1609 and 1611;
+and it is stated, vol. i. p. 130., that "this edition of the Reply in
+passing through the press has been collated with the original one of
+1565." Still in this vital case, where the very question was, what Jewel
+himself had written, it is plain that the early edition of 1565 was
+never consulted. The roughness of the censure might surely in any case
+have been spared. It may be noted (vol. viii. p. 195. Oxf. edit.), that
+Jewel in 1568 wrote to Archbishop Parker: "I beseech your grace to give
+strait orders that the Latin Apology be not printed again in any case,
+before either your grace or some other have well perused it. _I am
+afraid of printers: their tyranny is intolerable._"
+
+In vol. iv. p. 92., l. 1. _et seq._, in the _Recapitulation of Jewel's
+Apology_, the words of the original Latin, "quid de Spiritu sancto,"
+marked in the following extract by Italics, are omitted in the Oxford
+edition "Exposuimus tibi universam rationem religionis nostræ, quid de
+Deo Patre, quid de ejus unico Filio Jesu Christo, _quid de Spiritu
+sancto_, quid de ecclesia, quid de sacramentis ... sentiamus." And in
+vol. vi. p. 523., l. 6., where Bishop Jewel gives that passage as
+rendered by Lady Bacon, namely: "We have declared at large unto you the
+very whole manner of our religion, what our opinion is of God the
+Father, and of his only Son Jesus Christ, _of the Holy Ghost_, of the
+church, of the sacrament," the following is appended:--
+
+  "[In the Latin Apology no words occur here relating to the Third
+  Person of the Blessed Trinity.]"
+
+A similar notice is also given in vol. viii. p. 385.--The fact is, that
+the words "quid de Spiritu sancto" do occur in the Latin Apology, 1562,
+which was the first edition of that work, and, so far as I am aware, the
+only edition printed in Jewel's life, from which too the Oxford reprint
+professes to be taken, and a copy of which any one can consult in the
+British Museum. Those words will also be found, within six or eight
+pages of the end, in the various later editions, as for example those of
+Vautrollier, London, 1581; Forster, Amberg, 1606; Boler, London, 1637;
+and Dring, London, 1692 (which are in my own possession); as also in the
+editions of Bowier, 1584; Chard, 1591; and Hatfield, London, 1599. The
+editions of Jewel's works printed in 1609 and 1611, edited by Fuller,
+under the sanction of Archbishop Bancroft, did not contain the Latin
+Apology. There is not a shadow of authority for the omission. All the
+modern reprints too, with which I am acquainted, only excepting a small
+edition printed at Cambridge, 1818, p. 140., give the words in question.
+It would seem that the Oxford editor must have used the very inaccurate
+reprint of 1818, for supplying copy for the printer[6]; and reference
+either to that first edition of 1562, which the reprint of 1848
+professes to follow, or to any early edition, even in this case, where
+the context clearly requires the omitted words, was neglected.
+
+  [Footnote 6: I have observed another error in the Cambridge
+  edition, 1818, p. 115., last line but five, "domum manere" instead
+  of the original and classical reading, "domi manere." That
+  misprint of 1818 is followed by the Oxford edition of 1848, vol.
+  iv. p. 77. l. 12., Apol. pars vi. cap. 8. div. 1.]
+
+I have said that the Oxford Jewel of 1848 professes to follow the Latin
+Apology of 1562, as a copy of the Latin title, with the date 1562, is
+prefixed to the Oxford edition, vol. iv. p. 1.: but the colophon
+appended to that reprint, p. 95., is strangely dated 1567. Was there any
+Latin edition of the Apology printed in that year? And, if so, why are
+different dates given for the title and colophon of the Oxford reprint?
+One can only conclude that the date 1567 is itself an error.
+
+The following is printed in vol. viii. p. 290., l. 11., from Lady
+Bacon's translation of Jewel's Apology, 1564, part ii. ch. 7. div. 5.:
+"As touching the Bishop of Rome, for all his parasites state and ringly
+sing those words in his ears, 'To thee will I give the keys of the
+kingdom of heaven,'" &c. This case is different from those mentioned
+above, in the respect that the words "state and ringly" do occur in the
+printed edition of 1564; but it scarcely need be observed that the words
+"state & ringly" are a misprint for "flatteringly," when it is added
+that Jewel himself, in his revised edition of Lady Bacon's translation,
+in the _Defence of the Apology_, 1567 and 1570, reads: "for all that his
+flattering parasites sing these words in his ears." The original Latin
+is "quamvis illi suaviter cantilentur illa verba a parasitis suis."
+
+There are also various errors and several omissions in the Oxford Jewel,
+in the verification of the numerous references. Among various notes (I
+would however add) which are inaccurate, and several that appear to me
+superfluous, there are some which are most useful, as, for example, that
+in vol. ii. p. 195., on the Gloss in the Canon Law, "Our Lord God the
+Pope."
+
+    COLET.
+
+
+ANAGRAMS.
+
+You have now completed the third volume of "NOTES AND QUERIES," and, to
+the no small surprise of all lovers of "jeux de mots," not a single
+specimen of the genus Anagram has found its way into your columns. To
+what are we to ascribe such a circumstance? The ancients were not
+ashamed to indulge in this intellectual pastime, and their anagrams,
+says Samuel Maunder, occasionally contained some happy allusion. The
+moderns have given unequivocal proofs of their fecundity in the same
+line, and the anagrammatic labours of the French nation alone would form
+several volumes. Indeed, to that nation belongs the honour of having
+introduced the anagram; and such is the estimation in which "the art"
+was held by them at one time, that their kings were provided with a
+salaried Anagrammatist, as ours are with a pensioned Laureate. How comes
+it then that a species of composition, once so popular, has found no
+representative among the many learned correspondents of your popular
+periodical? Has the anagram become altogether extinct, or is it only
+awaiting the advent of some competent genius to restore it to its proper
+rank in the republic of letters?
+
+To me it is clear that the real cause of the prevailing dearth of
+anagrams is the great difficulty of producing good ones. Good anagrams
+are, to say the least of it, quite as scarce as good epic poems; for, if
+it be true that the utmost efforts of the human intellect have not given
+birth to more than six good epic poems, it is no less true that the
+utmost exertion of human ingenuity has not brought forth more than half
+a dozen good anagrams. Some critics are of opinion that we do possess
+six good epic poems. Now, where shall we find six good anagrams? If they
+exist, let them be _exhibited_ in the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES."
+
+Indeed, it may be said that the anagram and the epic poem are the alpha
+and omega of literature. I am aware that by thus placing them in
+juxtaposition the contrast may have the effect of disparaging the
+anagram. The epic poem will naturally enough suggest the idea of the
+sublime, and the anagram, as naturally, that of the ridiculous: and then
+it will be said that between the two there is but a step. But let any
+gentleman make the experiment, and he will find that, instead of a step,
+the intermediate space will present to his astonished legs a surface
+co-extensive with the wide field of modern mediocrity. As for myself, I
+have ransacked in search of anagrams every hole and corner in ancient
+and modern literature, and have found very few samples worthy of the
+name. Reserving the ancients for future consideration, let us see what
+the moderns have to boast of in this respect.
+
+And first, what says Isaac Disraeli? Anagrams being literary
+curiosities, one would naturally expect to meet with some respectable
+samples of them in that writer's _Curiosities of Literature_. Yet, what
+do we find? Among about a score which he quotes, there is not one that
+can be reckoned a tolerable anagram, while by far the greater number are
+no anagrams at all. An anagram is the change of a word or sentence into
+another word or sentences by an _exact_ transposition of the letters.
+Where a single letter is either omitted or added, the anagram is
+incomplete. Of this description are the following, cited by Disraeli:--
+
+      "Thomas Overburie,
+      "O! O! base murther."
+
+      "Charles James Stewart,
+      "Claims Arthur's Seat."
+
+      "Martha Nicholson,
+      "Soon calm at heart."
+
+I next turned to Samuel Maunder and his _Scientific and Literary
+Treasury_, little suspecting that, in a repertory bearing so ambitious a
+title, I should fail to discover the object of my search. True, he
+quotes the anagram made by Dr. Burney after the battle of the Nile:
+
+        "Horatio Nelson,
+      "Honor est a Nilo."
+
+And this, it must be confessed, is one of the best on record. The
+transposition is complete, and the allusion most apposite. But with that
+exception, what does this pretended _Treasury_ disclose? A silly attempt
+to anagrammatise the name of our beloved queen; thus:
+
+      "Her most gracious Majesty Alexandrina Victoria,
+      "Ah! my extravagant joco-serious radical Minister!"
+
+coupled with the admission that nothing can be more ridiculous or
+inapplicable, and that one-half of the anagrams in existence are not a
+whit less absurd. And yet, for this piece of absurdity, as well as for
+another of the same calibre, on--
+
+      "His Grace the Duke of Wellington,
+      "Well fought, K--! no disgrace in thee,"
+
+Mr. Maunder claims the merit of originality. In other words (which are
+no other than his own), he claims merit for being "puerile,"
+"ridiculous," and "absurd." Alas! for the credit of anagrams! Alas! for
+the reputation of Galileo, Newton, and other philosophers, who could
+make great discoveries, and resort to anagrams to announce them to the
+world, but who were incapable of discovering that an anagram was an
+absurdity!
+
+Finding matters at so low an ebb in our own literature, and that English
+anagrams are little better than Irish bulls, I directed my attention to
+the literary records of the French, among whom the anagrammatic bump is
+very prominent. From its character, and the process of its formation,
+the anagram is peculiarly adapted to the genius of that people. It is
+light and airy: so are they. It is conceited and fantastical: so are
+they. It seems to be what it is not: so do they. Its very essence is
+transposition, involution; what one might call a sort of
+Jump-Jim-Crow-ism: and so is theirs. Hence the partiality which they
+have always shown for the anagram: their Rebuses, Almanacs, Annuaires,
+and collections of trifles are full of them. One-half of the disguises
+adopted by their anonymous writers are in the shape of anagrams, formed
+from their names; and one of them has gone the length of composing and
+publishing a poem of 1200 lines, every line of which contains an
+anagram. The name assumed by the author (Gabriel Antoine Joseph Hécart)
+is L'Anagramme d'Archet; and the book bears the title of _Anagramméana,
+Poëme en VIII Chants, XCVe Edition, à Anagrammatopolis, l'An XIV de
+l'Ere anagrammatique_. But it so happens that out of the 1200 anagrams
+not a single one is worth quoting. Quérard describes this poem, not
+inaptly, as a "débauche d'esprit;" and the author himself calls it "une
+ineptie;" to which I may add the opinion of Richelet, that "l'anagramme
+est une des plus grandes inepties de l'esprit humain: il faut être sot
+pour s'en amuser, et pis que sot pour en faire."
+
+With such an appreciation of the value of anagrams, is it surprising
+that the French should have produced so few good ones? M. de Pixérécourt
+mentions two which he deems so unexceptionable, that they might induce
+us to overlook the general worthlessness of that kind of composition.
+They are as follows:
+
+      "Bélître,
+
+      "Liberté."
+
+      "Benoist,
+
+      "Bien sot."
+
+Now, the first is only true in France, where true liberty was never
+understood: and the second is true nowhere. _Benoist_ is merely a vulgar
+name, and the adoption of it does not necessarily imply that the bearer
+is a "sot." M. De Pixérécourt might have quoted some better samples; the
+famous one, for instance, on the assassin of Henri III.:--
+
+      "Frère Jacques Clement,
+      "C'es l'enfer qui m'a créé."
+
+Or the following Latin anagrams on the names of two of his most
+distinguished countrymen:--
+
+      "De la Monnoi,
+      "A Delio nomen."
+
+      "Voltaire,
+      "O alte vir!"
+
+I was on the point of relinquishing in despair my search for anagrams,
+when an accidental circumstance put me in possession of one of the best
+specimens I have met with. Some time ago, in an idle mood, I took up a
+newspaper for the purpose of glancing at its contents, and as I was
+about to read, I discovered that I held the paper by the wrong end.
+Among the remarkable headings of news there was one which I was desirous
+of decyphering before I restored the paper to its proper position, and
+this happened to be the word "[inverted: DNALERI]". Instead, however, of
+making out the name from letters thus inverted, I found the anagram--
+
+      "Daniel R."
+
+My first impression, on ascertaining this result, was one of horror at
+the treasonable "jeu de mots" I had so unwittingly perpetrated.
+Remembering, however, that Daniel O'Connell is dead, and that Irish
+loyalty has nothing to fear from Daniel the Second, I resolved to give
+the public the benefit of the discovery by sending it to you for "NOTES
+AND QUERIES."
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, August, 1851.
+
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Cure for Hooping Cough._--It is said by the inhabitants of the forest
+of Bere, East Hants, that new milk drank out of a cup made of the wood
+of the variegated holly is a cure for the hooping cough.
+
+    [Arrow symbol]
+
+_Cure for the Toothache._--In the village of Drumcondra, about a mile
+and half on the northern side of Dublin, there is an old churchyard,
+remarkable as the burying-place of Gandon the architect, Grose the
+antiquary, and Thomas Furlong the translator of Carolan's Remains. On
+the borders of this churchyard there is a well of beautiful water, which
+is resorted to by the folks of the village afflicted with toothache,
+who, on their way across the graves pick up an old skull, which they
+carry with them to drink from, the doing of which they assert to be an
+infallible cure. Others merely resort to the place for the purpose of
+pulling a tooth from a skull, which they place on or over the hole or
+stump of the grown tooth, and they affirm that by keeping it there for a
+certain time the pain ceases altogether. There is a young woman at this
+instant in the employment of my mother, who has practised these two
+remedies, and who tells me she knows several others who have done the
+same.
+
+    C. HOEY.
+
+  Near Drumcondra, County Dublin.
+
+_Medical Use of Pigeons._--
+
+      "Spirante columba
+      Suppositu pedibus, revocantur adima vapores."
+
+  "'They apply pigeons to draw the vapours from the head.'"--Dr.
+  Donne's "Devotions upon Emergent Occasions," _Works_, vol. iii. p.
+  550. Lond. 1839.
+
+Mr. Alford appends to the above-cited passage the following note:
+
+  "After a careful search in Pliny, Burton's _Anatomy of
+  Melancholy_, and Sir Thomas Browne's _Vulgar Errors_, I can find
+  no mention of this strange remedy."
+
+I am inclined to suspect that the application of pigeons was by no means
+an uncommon remedy in cases particularly of fever and delirium. To quote
+one passage from Evelyn:
+
+  "Neither the cupping nor the _pidgeons_, those last of remedyes,
+  wrought any effect."--_Life of Mr. Godolphin_, p. 148. Lond. 1847.
+
+Some of your correspondents may possibly be able to furnish additional
+information respecting this custom; for I am confident of having seen it
+alluded to, though at the moment I cannot remember by whom.
+
+    RT.
+
+  Warmington.
+
+_Obeism._--In the _Medical Times_ of 30th Sept. there is a case of a
+woman who fancied herself under its influence, in which the name (in a
+note) is derived from Obi, the town, district, or province in Africa
+where it was first practised; and there is appended to it the following
+description of one of the superstitions as given by a witness on a
+trial:
+
+  "Do you know the prisoner to be an Obeah man?--Ees, massa; shadow
+  catcher true.
+
+  "What do you mean by shadow catcher?--Him hab coffin [a little
+  coffin was here produced]; him set to catch dem shadow.
+
+  "What shadow do you mean?--When him set Obeah for somebody him
+  catch dem shadow, and dem go dead."
+
+The derivation of the name from a place is very different from the
+supposition so cleverly argued in the Third Vol. connecting it with Ob;
+but I cannot find in any gazetteer to which I at present have had
+access, any place in Africa of the name, or a similar name. I do not
+remember in the various descriptions I have read of the charms
+practised, that one of catching the shadow mentioned.
+
+    E. N. W.
+
+
+NOTES ON JULIN, NO. II.
+
+(Vol. ii., pp. 230. 282. 379. 443.; Vol. iv., p. 171.)
+
+I resume the chain of evidence where I left off in my last
+communication.
+
+The account given by Pomerania's best and most trusty historian, Thomas
+Kanzow, Kantzow, Kamzow, Kansow, Kahnsow, Kantzouw, or Cantzow[7] (born
+1505; died 25th September, 1542), of Stralsund, in his _Pomerania_ (ed.
+Meden, p. 405., 1841, W. Dietze, Anclam.), of Wollin, only previously
+alluded to by your correspondents, is as follows:
+
+  "_Of Wollin._--Wollin was before, as it appears from heretofore
+  written histories, a powerful city; and one yet finds far about
+  the town foundations and tokens that the city was once very great;
+  but it has since been destroyed, and numbers now scarcely 300 to
+  400 citizens.[8] It has a parish church and nunnery
+  (_jungfrauenkloster_), and a ducal government. It lies on a piece
+  of marshland, on the Dievenow, called the Werder. The citizens are
+  customed like the other Pomeranians, but they are considered
+  somewhat awkwarder (_unhandlicher_ = unhandier). It is a curious
+  custom of this land and city that generally more inhuman things
+  take place there than anywhere else; and that I may relate
+  something, I will tell of a dreadful occurrence that lately
+  happened there.[9] Of Wollyn there is nothing more to be written,
+  except that the revered Master Doctor Joannes Buggenhagen was born
+  in this city, who is no insignificant ornament both of the holy
+  New Testament and of his fatherland."
+
+  [Footnote 7: The publication of whose works in English I strongly
+  recommend.]
+
+  [Footnote 8: In later times, however, the population has become
+  greater.]
+
+  [Footnote 9: Not to be found.]
+
+On Vineta he writes (_High German Chronicle_, ed. Meden, lib. ii. pp.
+32-35.):--
+
+    "Not long after this Schwenotto threw off Christianity, and set
+  himself against his father Harald, king in Denmark, and drove him
+  from the kingdom. So Harald fled to Wollyn, in Pomerania. There
+  the Wends, notwithstanding that he was a Christian, and they still
+  of the ancient faith, received him kindly, and, together with the
+  other Wends and Pomeranians, fitted out ships and an armament, and
+  brought him with force back into his kingdom, and fought the whole
+  day with Schweno, so that it was uncertain who had or had not won
+  there. Then the next day they arose and made a smiting[10], and in
+  the fray Harald was shot by a Dane, and perhaps by his son's
+  command. Then brought the Wollyners him to their ships, and
+  carried him away to their city that there they might doctor
+  (_artzten_) him. But he died of the wound, and was buried there,
+  after he had reigned about fifty years, about the thousandth year
+  after the birth of Christ. So writeth Saxo. But Helmold writes,
+  that he came to Vineta: these holp him into his kingdom again,
+  and when he was shot in the skirmish, they brought him back to
+  their town, where he died[11] and was buried. And that I myself
+  believe; for though Wollyn was a mighty state at that time, still
+  Vineta was much mightier; and it is therefore to be concluded that
+  he fled to Vineta, rather than to Wollyn, and that Vineta was on
+  that account afterwards destroyed: and as we are come to Vineta,
+  we will say what Helmold writes thereof, which is this:--
+
+  [Footnote 10: I have in the translation adopted the phrase of Holy
+  Writ, "made a smiting."]
+
+  [Footnote 11: This shows that the MSS. of Helmold were corrupted
+  at a very early period. I have seen one uncorrupted. A list of
+  them would be a thing desirable.]
+
+  "Vineta has been a powerful city, with a good harbour for the
+  surrounding nations; and after so much has been told of the city
+  which is totally (_schyr_ = sheerly) incredible, I will relate
+  this much. It is said to have been as great a city as any which
+  Europe contained at that time, and it was promiscuously inhabited
+  by Greeks, Slavonians, Wends, and other nations. The Saxons, also,
+  upon condition of not openly practising Christianity, were
+  permitted to inhabit with them; for all the citizens were
+  idolaters down to the final destruction and fall of the city. Yet
+  in customs, manners, and hospitality there is not a more worthy
+  nation, or so worthy a one, to be found. The city was full of all
+  sorts of merchandise (_kaufwahr_) from all countries, and had
+  everything which was curious, luxurious (_lustig_ = lustful), and
+  necessary; and a king of Denmark destroyed them a great fleet of
+  war. The ruins and recollection of the town remain even to this
+  day, and the island on which it lay is flowed round by three
+  streams, of which one is of a green colour, the other greyish, and
+  the third dashes and rushes by reason of storm and wind. And so
+  far Helmold, who wrote about 400 years ago.
+
+  "And it is true that the remains exist at the present day: for
+  when one desires to go from Wolgast over the Pene, in the country
+  of Usedom, and comes by a village called Damerow, which is by
+  [about] two miles[12] from Wolgast, so sees one about a long
+  quarter way into the sea (for the ocean has encroached upon the
+  land so much since then), great stones and foundations. So have I
+  with others rowed thither, and have carefully looked at it. But no
+  brickwork is there now; for it is so many hundred years since the
+  destruction of the city, that it is impossible that it can have
+  remained so long in the stormy sea. Yet the great
+  foundation-stones are there still, and lie in a row, as they are
+  usually disposed under a house, one by the other; and in some
+  places others upon them. Among these stones are some so great, in
+  three or four places, that they reach ell high above the water; so
+  that it is conjectured that their churches or assembly-houses
+  stood there. But the other stones, as they still lie in the order
+  in which they lay under the buildings (_geben_), show also
+  manifestly how the streets went through the length and breadth
+  (_in die lenge und übers quer_) of the city. And the fishermen of
+  the place told us that still whole paving-stones of the streets
+  lay there, and were covered with moss[13] (_übermoset_), so that
+  they could not be seen; yet if one pricked therein with a
+  sharp-pointed pole or lance, they were easily to be felt. And the
+  stones lay somehow after that manner: and as we rowed backward and
+  forward over the foundations, and remarked the fashion of the
+  streets, saw we that the town was built lengthways from east to
+  west. But the sea deepens the farther we go, so that we could not
+  perceive the greatness of the city fully; but what we could see,
+  made us think that it was very probably of about the size of
+  Lübeck: for it was about a short quarter[14] long, and the breadth
+  broader than the city Lübeck. By this one may guess what was the
+  size of the part we could not see. And according to my way of
+  thinking, when this town was destroyed, Wisbu in Gottland was
+  restored."
+
+  [Footnote 12: German, answering to about eight English.]
+
+  [Footnote 13: I have translated _übermoset_ as above, though
+  nothing at the bottom could be covered with moss. I suspect the
+  true lection to be _übermodert_, as _moder_ exists in the present
+  German, answering to our word "mother."]
+
+  [Footnote 14: This expression, as well as a previous one, alludes
+  to the distance. "Of a mile" is, in both cases, to be understood.]
+
+Wisby, _en passant_, may be described as a merchant town of great
+importance in the mediæval period, and whence we have derived our
+navigation laws. It has now about 4000 inhabitants, and has many ruined
+buildings and sculptured marble about it.
+
+So far Kantzow in the _High German Chronicle_: in the _Low German
+Chronicle_ (ed. Böhmer, Greifswald, 1832), I find nothing bearing on the
+subject.
+
+Indistinct and wavering is Kantzow in his account, but thus much is to
+be gathered from it.
+
+1. That the _soi-disant_ Vineta lay east and west; Julin or Wollin lies
+north and south.
+
+2. That the destruction of Wollin ensued on its aiding an enemy against
+Denmark.
+
+3. That in the mind of Kantzow the two towns were not confounded, and
+that he had heard both legends, but had not sufficient critical sagacity
+to disentangle the mess.
+
+The oldest MSS. of Helmold have not this error. I have myself, as
+previously stated, seen one uncorrupted. The closing words of Kantzow
+seem to make it necessary to search for the date of the rebuilding of
+Wisby, which I have not at present the means of doing, though I will
+take an early opportunity of settling this, oddly enough, contested
+point.
+
+Von Raumer emphatically brands the legend of Vineta as a fable; as also
+my friend M. de Kaiserling. And I myself am forcibly reminded of an old
+Irish legend I read long ago somewhere or other, of the disappearance of
+a city in the Lake of Killarney, of which, my authority stated, the
+towers were occasionally to be perceived. Another legend, of which the
+scene was laid in Mexico, I recollect, was to the same effect; and in
+this I am confirmed by a friend, who has traveled much in that country.
+I must myself totally deny the existence of Vineta, except as the
+capital city of the Veneti, when I would place it in Rügen.
+
+I may as well add that M. de Kaiserling dug up his coins in the
+north-western corner of Wollin, near the Rathhaus.
+
+The Salmarks are in the neighbourhood of the town, the Greater one to
+the north, the Lesser to the south.
+
+I will now close the paper, already too long, and hope for elucidations
+and remarks from abler pens.
+
+    KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+  September 25, 1851.
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Curious Epitaph in Dalkeith Churchyard._--The following inscription is
+on the tombstone of one Margaret Scott, who died in the town of
+Dalkeith, February 9, 1738, aged 125 years:--
+
+      "Stop passenger, until my life you read:
+      The living may get knowledge by the dead.
+      Five times five years I lived a virgin's life:
+      Ten times five years I was a virtuous wife:
+      Ten times five years I lived a widow chaste;
+      Now, weary'd of this mortal life, I rest.
+      Between my cradle and my grave have been
+      Eight mighty kings of Scotland and a queen.
+      Four times five years the Commonwealth I saw;
+      Ten times the subjects rose against the law.
+      Twice did I see old Prelacy pull'd down;
+      And twice the cloak was humbled by the gown.
+      An end of Stuart's race I saw: nay, more!
+      My native country sold for English ore.
+      Such desolations in my life have been,
+      I have an end of all perfection seen."
+
+I thought that the above instance of what might be termed "historical
+longevity" was worthy of a place in your pages, along with others
+proving how "traditions from remote periods may come through few hands."
+
+    BLOWEN.
+
+_Device of SS._--However doubtful may be the derivation of our English
+"Collar of Esses," there is a pretty explanation given of a similar
+device granted to a Spanish nobleman.
+
+It is said that Gatierre de Cardenas was the first person who announced
+to the young Princess Isabella of Castile the approach of her future
+husband, Ferdinand of Aragon (after his romantic journey to Valladolid
+in 1469), exclaiming, "Esse es, esse es,"--"This is he!" He obtained
+permission to add to his escutcheon the letters SS. to commemorate this
+circumstance.
+
+    O. P. Q.
+
+_Lord Edward Fitzgerald._--Having seen in "NOTES AND QUERIES" a remark
+about Lord Edward Fitzgerald, I wish to add the following.
+
+The body of Lord Edward Fitzgerald has never been removed by his
+relatives, but has lain in an outside vault or passage, under the parish
+church of St. Werburgh, Dublin, until very lately, when (I believe
+within the last year) Lady Campbell, widow of General Sir Guy Campbell,
+Bart., and daughter of Pamela, caused it to be placed in an oak coffin,
+the old one being greatly decayed. It is now removed into what is called
+the chancel vault.
+
+    L. M. M.
+
+_The Michaelmas Goose._--Why it is that here in England--
+
+            "---- by custom (right divine)
+      Geese are ordained to bleed at Michael's shrine,"
+
+is a mystery still unsolved by English antiquaries. For, even if the
+story that Queen Elizabeth was eating a goose on Michaelmas Day when she
+received the news of the defeat of the Spanish Armada, rested on
+unquestionable authority, it would not explain the origin of the custom,
+since Brand has shown, by a reference to Blount's _Jocular Tenures_,
+that it existed as early as the tenth year of Edward IV. If we seek an
+illustration from the practice of our continental neighbours, we shall
+fail; or only learn that we have transferred to the Feast of St. Michael
+a practice which is observed abroad on that of St. Martin, the 11th
+November: indeed, St. Martin's Bird is a name by which the goose is
+known among many of the continental nations. In the Runic Calendar the
+11th November is marked by a goose. In the old _Bauern Practica_ (ed.
+1567), _Wintermonat_ or November boasts, in one of the Rhymes of the
+Month,--
+
+      "Fat geese unto the rich I sell."
+
+And in the curious old Story Book of Peter Leu, reprinted by von der
+Hagen in his _Narrenbuch_, one of the adventures commences:
+
+      "It fell upon St. Martin's Day,
+      When folks are wont goose-feasts to keep."
+
+A learned German, however, Nork (_Festkalender_, s. 567.), sees in our
+Michaelmas Goose the last traces of the goose offered of old to
+Proserpina, the infernal goddess of death (on which account it is that
+the figure of this bird is so frequently seen on monumental remains);
+and also of the offerings (among which the goose figured) formerly made
+to Odin at this season, a pagan festival which on the introduction of
+Christianity was not abolished, but transferred to St. Michael.
+
+    WILLIAM J. THOMS.
+
+_Gravesend Boats_ (Vol. ii., p. 209.).--In a letter from Sir Thomas
+Heneage to Sir Christopher Hatton, dated 2nd May, 1585, given in
+Nicolas's _Memoir of the Life and Times of Sir Christopher Hatton_ (p.
+426.), is this passage:
+
+  "Her Highness thinketh your house will shortly be like a Gravesend
+  barge, never without a knave, a priest, or a thief," &c.
+
+"Her Highness" was Queen Elizabeth, and the purport of the letter was to
+convey "her Highness's pleasure" touching one Isaac Higgins, then in
+the custody of Sir Christopher Hatton.
+
+    C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge, Sept. 19. 1851.
+
+_Skull-cups._--There are so very few consecutive and methodical readers
+left, that it is not surprising that Mr. Blackwell, the editor of Bohn's
+_Mallet_, should have adopted the groundless charge of one Magnusen
+against Olaus Wormius, who understood Ragnar's death-song much better
+than certain ironical dilettanti of Cockneyland. Charlemagne's
+secretary, Paul Warnefrid, the Lombard deacon of Aquileia, swears that,
+about 200 years after the event, King Ratchis had shown him _the cup
+made out of Cunimund's skull_, in which Queen Rosamund, his daughter,
+refused to drink, in the year 574.[15] (_Paul. Diac._ ii. 8.) Open the
+_Acta Sanctorum_ for the 1st of May, and they will tell you that the
+monks of Triers had enchased in silver the skull of St. Theodulf, out of
+which they administered fever-drink to the sick. Moreover, when, in the
+year 1465, Leo von Rozmital came to Neuss, he saw a costly tomb wherein
+lay the blessed Saint Quirinus, and he drank out of his skull-cup. St.
+Sebastian's skull at Ebersberg, and St. Ernhart's at Ratisbonne, had
+also been converted into chalices.
+
+  [Footnote 15: See Grotius's valuable Collection of Gothic and
+  Lombard Historians.]
+
+I refer the reader to Jacob Grimm's _Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache_,
+pp. 143. 146., for further details: he shows that to drink ale out of
+_buigvîdum hausa_, can only mean out of "hollow skulls," literally
+"_vacuitas_ curva."
+
+To prove the antiquity of the custom, Grimm alleges likewise a passage
+of the Vilkinasaga, in which Völundr, the smith, our Belenger[16], or
+Will o' the Wisp, enchases in silver the amputated skulls of Nidads' two
+boys.
+
+  [Footnote 16: Foeu _Bélenger_, in one of the dialects of the
+  Low-Norman Isles.]
+
+    GEORGE MÉTIVIER.
+
+
+
+
+Queries.
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+168. _Elizabeth, Equestrian Figure of._--Doubtless many of your readers
+have seen in the Exhibition a large equestrian figure of Elizabeth; it
+is in the N.W. gallery, in one of the large plate cases. Now the horse
+is described as pacing, which the explanation states was a step taught
+the horses belonging to the ladies of that period. Query, where a
+description of pacing, or rules for teaching horses to pace, amble, &c.,
+may be found? for what appears so extraordinary in the figure is that
+the fore and hind legs of the same side of the horse are extended
+together, or simultaneously. I have in the _Graphic Illustrator_ a
+picture of Elizabeth hawking (the figure in the Exhibition may have been
+copied from the original), where the horse is in the same attitude. I
+feel anxious to know if that unnatural gait is possible, or whether it
+is a part or the whole of the pacing step.
+
+    THOS. LAWRENCE.
+
+  Ashby de la Zouch.
+
+169. _Indian Ants._--Is there any foundation for Pliny's account of the
+Indian ants, which were, according to Herodotus, "not so large as a dog,
+but bigger than a fox?"
+
+    A. C. W.
+
+170. _Passage in Geo. Herbert._--What is the meaning of the following?
+(Herbert's _Poems_, "Charms and Knots," ver. 8.):--
+
+      "Take one from ten, and what remains?
+      Ten still: if sermons go for gains."
+
+    H. T. G.
+
+171. _"The King's-way," Wilts._--Mention of this road, in the
+neighbourhood of Malmsbury, occurs in two charters of the Saxon kings
+Athelstan and Eadwig, Nos. 355. & 460. Cod. Dipl. Aevi. Sax. The road is
+said to be known in Wiltshire as King Athelstan's Way. Can any of your
+correspondents oblige me by pointing out its course, and the immediate
+purpose for which it was constructed? There is a King's-way Field
+(Cyngwey-ffeld) mentioned in the ancient terriers of Bampton, Oxon, and
+still known there.
+
+    B. W.
+
+172. _Marriages within ruined Churches._--I have heard of marriages
+solemnized within _ruined_ churches in Ireland within the last twenty
+years. What is the origin of this custom; was it general, and is it
+still observed?
+
+    R. H.
+
+173. _Fees for Inoculation._--In an old Account Book of a Sussex county
+gentleman I find the following items:--
+
+  "1780. I paid for the inoculation of William and Polly Parker, £5
+  15_s._ 6_d._"
+
+and again in 1784:
+
+  "Paid towards R. Stephen's inoculation, £1 11_s._ 0_d._"
+
+from which it would appear that the process was a very expensive one in
+those days. I should feel obliged to any of your correspondents to give
+me some information on this point.
+
+    R. W. B.
+
+174. "_Born in the Eighth Climate._"--Can any of your readers explain
+the allusion contained in the following extract from Sir Thomas Browne?
+
+  "_I was born in the eighth climate_, but seem for to be framed and
+  constellated unto all."--_Religio Medici_, ii. 1.
+
+Will the notions of astrology throw any light upon it?
+
+    N. H.
+
+175. _Aubry de Montdidier's Dog._--Who was the King of France that
+subjected the Chevalier Macaire to the ordeal by combat with this famous
+dog? In some of the authorities it is said to be Charles VI., and in
+others "Le Roi Jean," meaning, I presume, John II.
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia.
+
+176. _Sanford's Descensus._--Can any of your correspondents say if
+Sanford's _Descensus_ has ever been published separately? It is spoken
+of in the 2nd vol. of Gale's _Court of the Gentiles_, and was published
+in the works of a bishop who survived him. A copy of that prelate's
+works is in the Bodleian Library, and contains the _Descensus_. What is
+the bishop's name?
+
+    ÆGROTUS.
+
+177. _Parish Registers--Briefs for Collection._--What acts of parliament
+since the reign of George I. affect parish registers?
+
+On what authority were collections made in churches _by brief_; in what
+year was that mode of collection decreed; and when did it cease?
+
+    J. B. (A Subscriber.)
+
+178. _Early Printing Presses, Sticks, and Chases._--I am a compositor,
+and have read with great interest the "Notes" on Caxton and Printing in
+your valuable publication. May I venture to put a Query which has often
+crossed my mind, especially when I went to see Mr. Maclise's great
+painting at the Royal Academy. What kind of press did Caxton and his
+successors use? Also, is anything known of the shape of their "sticks"
+and "chases?" Mr. Maclise seems to have taken a modern pattern for all
+of these, especially the two last.
+
+    EM QUAD.
+
+179. _Bootikins._--Horace Walpole speaks in many of his letters of the
+great benefit he had experienced from the use of _bootikins_ in his
+attacks of gout. In a letter to George Montagu, Esq., dated July 31,
+1767, he says:
+
+  "Except one day's gout, which I cured with the _bootikins_, I have
+  been quite well since I saw you."
+
+Eight years afterwards his expectations of _cure_ from them were not so
+high. In a letter to the Rev. Mr. Cole, dated June 5, 1775, he remarks:
+
+  "I am perfectly well, and expect to be so for a year and a half. I
+  desire no more of my _bootikins_ than to curtail my fits."
+
+Dr. E. J. Seymour (_Thoughts on the Nature and Treatment of several
+severe Diseases of the Human Body_, i. 107.: London, 1847), says that--
+
+  "The _bootikins_ were simply a glove, with a partition for the
+  thumb, but no separate ones for the fingers, like an infant's
+  glove, made of oiled silk."
+
+Can any of your readers shed light on this matter?
+
+    R. D.
+
+  Philadelphia.
+
+180. _Printers' Privilege._--I have heard it confidently stated that
+printers have the privilege, if they are disposed to use it, to wear on
+all occasions a sword dangling at their sides. If it be so, whence does
+it arise? I have heard two explanations, one, bearing _primâ facie_
+evidence of incorrectness, a special grant as a mark of favour; the
+other, which is the only reasonable way of accounting for such a totally
+unsuitable privilege, that when the act passed forbidding arms to be
+commonly worn, all kinds and manner of people were mentioned by the name
+of their trades, businesses, &c., except printers, who were accidently
+omitted. How much of truth might there be in all this? What is the act
+alluded to?
+
+    TEE BEE.
+
+181. _Death of Pitt._--What authority is there for the accompanying
+statement respecting the death of Mr. Pitt?
+
+  "Among the anecdotes of statesmen few are more interesting than
+  that which records the death of Pitt. The hand which had so long
+  sustained the sceptre of this country found no hand to clasp it in
+  death. By friends and by servants he was alike deserted; and a
+  stranger wandering on from room to room of a deserted house, came
+  at last by chance to a chamber untended but not unquiet, in which
+  the great minister lay, alone and dead."--See _Edinburgh Review_
+  for July, 1851, p. 78., on the _Poems and Memoir of Hartley
+  Coleridge_.
+
+    NATHANIEL ELLISON.
+
+182. "_A little Bird told me._"--C. W. wishes to know if any of the
+readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" can tell him the origin of the proverb,
+"A little bird told me."
+
+C. W. has an idea that the origin is from the _Koran_, where is an
+account of all the birds being summoned before Solomon. The lapwing
+absents himself. Upon being questioned why he did not immediately obey,
+he says he has been at the court of the Queen of Sheba, who has resolved
+upon visiting Solomon. On the hint, Solomon prepares for the queen's
+reception. The lapwing sets off to Ethiopia, and tells the Queen that
+Solomon wishes to see her. The meeting, as we know, took place.
+
+Not having the _Koran_, C. W. cannot refer to it to see if it is right
+or wrong.
+
+183. _Baroner._--At page 105. of the volume of _Bury Wills_ published by
+the Camden Society, is the will of William Place, priest, Master of the
+Hospital of St. John Evangelist without the south gate of Bury St.
+Edmunds, dated 21st July, 1504, whereby he willed that "Damp" William
+Carsey (elsewhere in the same will called Karsey), "Baroner" of the
+Monastery of Bury St. Edmunds, should assign two children to say _De
+profundis_ at his grave for his soul every day from his burying day till
+his thirtieth day be past, and they to have each day for their labour
+one penny betwixt them. Mr. Tymms's notes to the above publication are
+copious and valuable, but he omits to explain the term "Baroner;" and
+the object of this Query is to ascertain if he, or any of your numerous
+correspondents, can do so. I conjecture that the Baroner was the master
+of the children (or song school), but I am not aware of any other
+instance of the use of the word as denoting a monastic officer.
+
+    C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge, Sept 19. 1851.
+
+184. _William the Third at Exeter--History of Hawick._--1. Mr. Macaulay,
+in describing the entrance of William of Orange into Exeter, mentions
+that he was preceded, amongst others, by three hundred gentlemen of
+English birth. Can any of your correspondents inform me whether the
+names of these gentlemen are known, and, if so, where the roll may be
+met with?
+
+2. I remember to have read an extract from a work called the _History of
+Hawick_ in Teviotdale, but I have never met with any one acquainted with
+the work. Is the book now extant, and, if so, where can it be seen? If
+any of your correspondents should have seen this volume, perhaps he can
+inform me whether it narrates an altercation between the abbot of
+Melrose and a neighbouring baron, which ended in the death of the
+former?
+
+    H. L.
+
+  Maen-twrog, North Wales.
+
+185. _Johannes Lychtenberger._--The "Pronosticatio," or "prophecies,"
+which bear this name, have been often reprinted since what I believe to
+be the first edition was published in the year 1488. In giving an
+account of the copies of it in the Lambeth Library, I stated that I knew
+of no other copy of this edition, except one in the Douce collection in
+the Bodleian. Eight years have elapsed since that time, and I have not
+heard of any; and as circumstances have lately led to my being engaged
+about the book, I shall be glad if you will allow me to ask whether any
+of your many learned correspondents know of a _prior_ edition, or of any
+other copies of _this_ one of 1488?
+
+    S. R. MAITLAND.
+
+  Gloucester.
+
+186. _Lestourgeon the Horologist._--I have in my possession an
+apparently very old, though very elegant and very excellent, eight-day
+clock, with the maker's name on its face, _Thomas Lestourgeon, London_.
+Some years ago there was found among the apparatus of the Natural
+Philosophy class, in the University of Edinburgh, what is called in the
+inventory "an old watch, maker's name Lestourgeon, London." Can any of
+your readers tell me when that excellent horologist flourished? I know
+the history of the clock for about a century, but how much older it may
+be I should like to know.
+
+    JAMES LAURIE.
+
+187. _Physiological Query._--Can any of your correspondents mention the
+work of any physiologist in which the _cause_ is given why all
+herbivorous animals suck in what they drink, and all carnivorous animals
+lap it up by the action of the tongue? Also, what naturalists have
+specified that broad distinction, and whether it has been mentioned in
+any other work?
+
+    ÆGROTUS.
+
+188. _De Grammont's Memoirs._--Is there an earlier edition of De
+Grammont's _Memoirs_ than that in 12mo. printed at Cologne in 1713?
+
+    PETER CUNNINGHAM.
+
+189. "_Frightened out of his seven Senses._"--Can this expression be met
+with in any author; or what is its origin?
+
+Is it simply synonymous to the more usual phrase, "To be frightened out
+of one's wits?"
+
+Is there any other passage in the language where the possession of more
+than _five_ senses is implied?
+
+    G. T. H.
+
+  Acton.
+
+190. _Fides Carbonaria._--What is the _origin_ of a phrase known to
+readers of a certain Latinity, "Fides Carbonaria?" The French have an
+expression apparently equivalent, "Foi de Charbonnier;" but _what_
+originated either?
+
+    A QUERIST.
+
+191. _Bourchier Family._--I would be very much obliged to any
+correspondent who could tell me either the inscriptions on any monuments
+to the "Bourchier" family, or in what church they are to be found. I
+believe there are some in Northamptonshire.
+
+    L. M. M.
+
+  Dublin.
+
+192. _Warnings to Scotland._--
+
+  "Warnings to Scotland, of the Eternal Spirit, to the City of
+  Edinburgh, in Scotland, by the mouths of Thomas Dutton, Guy Nutt,
+  John Glover, in their Mission by the Spirit to the said City, as
+  they were delivered in the year 1709, and faithfully taken down in
+  writing as they were spoken. London printed in the year 1710."
+
+The trio also gave "warnings" to the sinful city of Glasgow, &c.
+
+I would be glad if any of your correspondents could give me any
+information regarding this _agitation_, and if it produced any sensation
+at the time?
+
+    ELGINENSIS.
+
+193. _Herschel anticipated._--Can one of your correspondents mention the
+name, and any other particulars, of the man who anticipated Herschel
+relative to the sun's motion; and was declared to be mad for
+entertaining such opinions?
+
+    ÆGROTUS.
+
+194. _Duke of Wellington._--Where can a copy of the petition, presented
+by the Lord Mayor and Common Council, setting forth the insufficiency of
+the Duke of Wellington as a general, and his obvious incapacity, and
+begging his immediate recall, be obtained, and the date of it? It is a
+droll historical document, which should not sink into oblivion.
+
+    ÆGROTUS.
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_An early Printer._--I have seen an old black-letter book of homilies in
+Latin, with the following imprint:--
+
+   "Sermones Michaelis de Ungaria prædicabiles per totū annum licet
+  breves. Et sic est finis sit laus et gloria trinis Impressū
+  suburbiis sācti germani de praetis per Petrū Leuet, anno dn̅i
+  millesimo quadringēte sino nonagesimo septimo primo die vero.
+  xiij. Novembris."
+
+I should be glad if any of your correspondents could furnish any
+information regarding the printer.
+
+    ABERDONIENSIS.
+
+  [Petrus Levet was one of the early Paris printers, and several of
+  the works printed by him are noticed in Gresswell's _Annals of
+  Parisian Typography_, pp. 96. 100. 104. At p. 178. will be found
+  his device, copied from the _Destructorium Vitiorum_, anno 1497.]
+
+_Nimble Ninepence._--What is the origin of this expression?
+
+    P. S. KG.
+
+  ["A nimble ninepence is better than a slow shilling."--_Old
+  Proverb._]
+
+_Prince Rupert's Balls._--Why are the glass balls filled with floating
+bubbles called Rupert balls? Was the prince a glass-blower?
+
+    [Arrow symbol]
+
+  [The earliest experiments upon glass tears were made in 1656, both
+  in London and Paris; but it is not certain in what country they
+  were invented. They were first brought to England by Prince
+  Rupert, and experiments were made upon them by the Right Hon. Sir
+  Robert Moray, in 1661, by the command of his Majesty. An account
+  of these experiments is to be found in the Registers of the Royal
+  Society, of which he was one of the founders. See _Edinburgh
+  Encyclopædia_, vol. x. p. 319.]
+
+_Knock under._--To _knock under_, in the sense of succumb, yield: _unde
+derivatur_?
+
+    NOCAB.
+
+  ["From the submission expressed among good fellows by knocking
+  under the table."--_Johnson._]
+
+_Freemasons._--Where can be found a good account of the origin of
+freemasons? And is there any truth in the story that Lord Doneraile made
+his daughter, the Honorable Miss E. St. Leger, a freemason?
+
+    [Arrow symbol]
+
+  [For a circumstantial account of the origin of Freemasons, see a
+  curious pamphlet published in 1812, entitled _Jachin and Boaz; or
+  an authentic Key to the Door of Freemasonry, both Ancient and
+  Modern_, &c.; also, Oliver's _Antiquities of Freemasonry_. A very
+  interesting historico-critical inquiry into the origin of the
+  Rosicrucians and Freemasons, from the pen of the English
+  Opium-eater, who in it has abstracted, arranged, and in some
+  respects re-arranged the German work of J. G. Buhle, _Ueber den
+  Ursprung und die vornehmsten Schicksale der Orden der Rosenkreuzer
+  und Freymaurer_, will be found in the _London Magazine_ for
+  January and February, 1824.
+
+  We believe it is perfectly true that the Hon. Miss E. St. Leger
+  was made a mason, and that she always accompanied her lodge in its
+  processions.]
+
+
+
+
+Replies.
+
+
+CONQUEST OF SCOTLAND.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 165.)
+
+In an article of A. C. in "NOTES AND QUERIES" for 30th August last,
+under the head "Plowden of Plowden" from Burke's _Landed Gentry_, I find
+this paragraph:
+
+  "The names of the followers of William the Conqueror are often
+  alluded to; but the 'comers over' at the CONQUEST of Wales,
+  SCOTLAND, and Ireland are but seldom thought of, though they lend
+  to their descendants' pedigree a degree of historical interest."
+
+I do not read this paragraph without pain, mingled with indignation. Who
+ever before heard of the conquest of Scotland? It is true, that, on
+repeated occasions, the English made successful inroads into that
+kingdom, sometimes of a larger, sometimes of a less extensive character;
+but the Scottish nation never did "lie at the proud foot of a
+conqueror."
+
+Though Edward I., by means of intrigues unworthy of his high character,
+did for a short period, during the interregnum consequent on the death
+of the Maid of Norway, assume the government of the Scottish realm, and
+put to death some of the most distinguished of her defenders, yet his
+successor paid the penalty of this unjust assumption in the battle of
+Bannockburn; a battle having justice on the side of the victorious
+party, and regarded by all Scotsmen as to be ranked in military prowess
+with those of Cressy, Poictiers, and Agincourt.
+
+It is not generally known, that upon the marriage of Mary to the Dauphin
+in 1558, Scotsmen were naturalised in France by an _ordonnance_ of Henry
+II.; and that, in like manner, by an act of the parliament of Scotland,
+all Frenchmen were naturalised in that country. The ordonnance granting
+these privileges to Scotsmen within the realm of France, is printed in
+the Scottish statute-book along with the Scottish act granting similar
+privileges to Frenchmen within Scotland.
+
+One of the most distinguished writers on the law of Scotland, when
+dedicating his work to King Charles II., reminds him of the inscription
+on the palace of Holyrood: "Nobis hæc invicta miserunt centum sex
+Prouvi."
+
+When, in 1707, Scotland treated of an incorporating union with the realm
+of England, she treated as an independent and sovereign power, and the
+Treaty of Union was concluded with her in that character: a treaty which
+was at least as beneficial to England as it was to Scotland, by
+precluding in all time to come the intrigues of France with the Scottish
+sovereign and nation.
+
+That Scotland was able for so many centuries to defend her liberties and
+independence against the powerful kingdom of England, does her great
+honour. There is no problem of more difficult solution than this: What
+might have happened, if some other great event had happened otherwise
+than it did? When England had overcome the kingdom of France, if
+Scotland had not afforded the means of annoyance to England, the seat of
+government might have been removed to France, and the great English
+nation have been absorbed in that country: but Providence ruled
+otherwise; England lost her dominion in France, and Scotland remained
+independent.
+
+    SCOTUS OCTOGENARIUS.
+
+
+BOROUGH-ENGLISH.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 133.)
+
+W. FRAZER'S Query, which are the towns or districts in England in which
+Borough-English prevails, or has prevailed, and whether there are any
+instances on record of its being carried into effect in modern times,
+would require more knowledge than any individual can be expected to
+possess of local customs throughout the country to give a full answer
+to; but if all your legal correspondents would contribute their quotas
+of information on the subject, a very fair list might be made, which
+would not be uninteresting as illustrative of this peculiar custom. I do
+not know any work in which the places where the custom prevails are
+collected together. But I send you a short list of such manors and
+places as I know of and have been able to collect, in which the custom
+of Borough-English is the rule of descent, hoping that other
+correspondents will add to the list which I have only made a
+commencement of:--
+
+      _Manors and Places where the Custom of Borough-English
+      prevails._
+
+      The Manor of Lambeth     }
+            "      Kennington  } Surrey.
+            "      Hoo (qy.)     Kent.
+
+      Reve v. Maltster, Croke's _Reports, Trin.
+      Term_, 11 Chas. I.
+
+      The Manor of Tottenham   }
+            "      Edmonton    } Middlesex.
+
+      _Termes de la Ley_, Kitchin, fo. 102.
+
+      Turnham Green              Middlesex.
+
+      Forester's _Equity Reports_, 276.
+
+      The Manor of Bray          Berks.
+
+      _Co. Litt._ Sec. 211.
+
+I am informed that the custom also prevails in some of the Duchy manors
+in Cornwall, but I cannot at present give you the names.
+
+I may be able to add to this list in a future communication, and I hope
+to see in your pages some considerable additions to this list from other
+correspondents.
+
+As to the continuance of the custom to modern times, nothing can alter
+it but an act of parliament; so that where the custom has prevailed, it
+is still the law of descent: and I have had under my notice a descent of
+copyhold property, in the manors of Lambeth and Kennington, to the
+youngest brother within the present century.
+
+    G. R. C.
+
+There is a farm of about a hundred acres in the parish of Sullescombe in
+Sussex, which is held by this tenure; but whether the adjoining land is
+so, I am not aware. In case of the owner dying intestate, the land would
+go to the younger son; but I am not aware of an instance of this having
+occurred.
+
+    E. H. Y.
+
+
+PENDULUM DEMONSTRATION OF THE EARTH'S ROTATION.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 129. 177.)
+
+Your correspondent A. E. B. appears, by his suggestion regarding
+Foucault's theory, to have rendered confusion worse confounded, mystery
+more mysterious. He says:
+
+  "If the propounders of this theory had from the first explained,
+  that they do not claim for the plane of oscillation an exemption
+  from the general rotation of the earth, but only the difference of
+  rotation due to the excess of velocity with which one extremity of
+  the line of oscillation may be affected more than the other, it
+  would have saved a world of fruitless conjecture and
+  misunderstanding."
+
+This supposition makes an effect, which it is difficult to believe in,
+into one utterly impossible to conceive. It is hard enough to credit the
+theory, that the plane of oscillation of a pendulum is partially
+independent of the rotatory motion of the earth, but still not
+impossible, considering that the effect of the presumed cause is not
+inconsistent with the results of _à priori_ calculation. For instance,
+during the swing of a two-seconds pendulum, the angular motion of the
+earth will have been 1', or thereabouts, which, supposing the
+oscillation to be independent, would produce an appreciable angle on an
+index circle placed concentric with the pendulum, and at right angles to
+its plane of oscillation.
+
+But as to A. E. B.'s theory, which supposes the variation of the
+pendulum's plane to be "due to the excess of velocity with which one
+extremity of the line of oscillation may be affected more than the
+other," it appears to me quite untenable for a moment. Let him reduce it
+to paper, and find what difference of velocity there is on the earth's
+surface at the two ends of a line of ten feet, the assumed length of the
+arc of a two-seconds pendulum,--a larger one, I presume, than that used
+by Foucault in his cellar,--and I believe he will find it to be
+practically nothing.
+
+I confess I have had no faith in this theory from the first; the effect,
+if any and constant, I believe to be magnetic. The results of
+experiments have been stated from the first very loosely, and the theory
+itself has been put forth very indistinctly, and not supported by any
+name of eminence, except that of Professor Powell.
+
+In the meantime, and until some competent authority has pronounced on
+the point, I propose that such of your readers as are interested in the
+question make experiments for themselves, dividing them into four
+classes, viz., with the plane of oscillation E. and W., N. and S., N.E.
+and S.W., N.W. and S.E.; take the mean of a great many, and communicate
+them to the editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES;" and I venture to say that
+such a collection will do more towards confirming or disproving the
+theory absolutely, than all the papers we have yet seen on the subject.
+
+I am myself about to make experiments with a twenty-five feet pendulum.
+
+    H. C. K.
+
+  ---- Rectory, Hereford, Sept. 8. 1851.
+
+
+LORD MAYOR NOT A PRIVY COUNCILLOR.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 9. 137. 180.)
+
+In p. 180. I find some observations respecting the rank of the Lord
+Mayor of London, which seem to require further elucidation. But I should
+not trouble you except for one passage, which leads me to think that the
+writer is under some little mistake. He seems to think that upon the
+occasion of a new king's accession, only Privy Councillors are summoned.
+This is not so. I remember upon the accession of George IV., that I
+received a summons, being then a member of the House of Commons and
+holding an official appointment; and some other private gentlemen were
+also summoned. I _think_ that the summonses were issued from the Home
+Office, but of this I am not certain; nor do I know if the same practice
+has been adopted upon the subsequent accessions. I remember that we all
+met at Carlton House; that we all signed some document, recognising the
+new sovereign, which I apprehend to be the authority for the
+proclamation; but that the _Privy Councillors only_ went in to the
+presence.
+
+I understand that the theory for summoning me and others was that some
+persons of various ranks and grades of society should concur in placing
+the new king upon the throne.
+
+All this is, however, mere speculation of my own. The _fact_ of my
+summons is certain. As to the Lord Mayor being Right Honorable, why need
+we look for other authority than usage? Usage only gives the title of
+Right Honorable to a Privy Councillor being a Commoner. Usage only gives
+that title to a Peer. Excuse this gossip.
+
+    DN.
+
+
+COLLARS OF SS.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 147.)
+
+I have the pleasure to add to the early examples of the collar of SS.
+given by MR. EDWARD FOSS, the names of some personages whose monuments
+are either represented or described in Blore's _Monumental Remains_,
+Dugdale's _History of St. Paul's_, Gough's _Sepulchral Monuments_, and
+Stothard's _Monumental Effigies_.
+
+1. On the effigy of Sir Simon Burley, engraved by Hollar for Dugdale, is
+a collar apparently marked, but very indistinctly, with SS. Sir Simon
+was a Knight of the Garter, Chamberlain to Richard II., and was beheaded
+in 1388.
+
+2 and 3. Sir Robert Waterton and his wife, in Methley church, Yorkshire.
+The collar was issued to this knight, when he was an esquire, out of the
+great wardrobe of Henry Earl of Derby, in the 20th year of Richard II.
+
+4. Sir William Ryther, in Harwood church, Yorkshire: he lived in the
+time of Richard II.
+
+5. John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, in the cathedral at Canterbury. He
+was Chamberlain of England, and Captain of Calais in the reign of Henry
+IV., and died in 1410.
+
+6. Thomas Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel, in Arundel church, Sussex; Chief
+Butler of England at the coronation of Henry IV., who with his queen was
+present at the earl's wedding in 1404; temporary Marshal of England in
+1405. Died in 1416, the 4th of Henry V.
+
+7 and 8. Sir Edmund de Thorpe and his wife, in Ashwell-Thorpe church,
+Norfolk. Two persons of this name, Mon' Esmond Thorp and Mon' Esmon de
+Thorp̅,were summoned to a great council held at Westminster in the 2nd
+of Henry IV. It is considered that this Sir Edmund is the person called
+Lord Thorpe, who was slain in Normandy in 1418; that his wife is Joan,
+daughter of Sir Robert Norwood, and widow of Roger Lord Scales; and that
+she is the Lady Thorpe who died in 1415.
+
+9. Thomas Duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV., President of the
+Council, and Lieutenant General of the Forces. He died in 1421. Monument
+in Canterbury cathedral.
+
+10, 11, and 12. Ralph Nevill, Earl of Westmorland, and his two wives, in
+Staindrop church, co. Durham. He was created Earl of Westmorland by
+Richard II., made Earl Marshal of England by Henry IV., present at the
+battle of Agincourt with Henry V., and died in the 4th of Henry VI.,
+1425.
+
+Margaret, his first wife, was the daughter of Hugh Earl of Stafford; and
+his second wife was Joan de Beaufort, only daughter of John of Ghent,
+Duke of Lancaster, by Catherine Swinford.
+
+13. John Fitz-Alan, Lord Maltravers and Earl of Arundel, in the church
+at Arundel, Sussex. He distinguished himself by the capture of many
+towns and fortresses in Normandy in the year of his death, 1434.
+
+14. William Phelip Lord Bardolf, in Dennington church, Suffolk.
+Treasurer of the household of Henry V., Knight of the Garter, and
+Chamberlain to Henry VI. Died in the 19th year of this reign, 1440.
+
+15 and 16. John Beaufort Duke of Somerset, and his wife, in Wimborne
+Minster, Dorset, Knight of the Garter, created Duke of Somerset and Earl
+of Kendal, and at the same time made Lieutenant and Captain-General of
+Aquitaine, France and Normandy. Died in 1444.
+
+17. Robert Lord Hungerford, who served in the wars in France and
+Guienne, and died in 1453. His effigy is drawn by Stothard (_Mon. Eff._
+p. 98.).
+
+18. Sir John Nevill, in Harwood church, Yorkshire. Died 22nd Edward IV.,
+1482.
+
+I presume that MR. EDWARD FOSS would refer to the curious passage in the
+printed _Rolls of Parliament_, vol. iii. p. 313., wherein it appears
+that Richard II., in the 20th year of his reign, formally declared that
+he _assumed_, bore, and used, and that by his leave and wish persons of
+his retinue also bore and used, the livery of the collar of his uncle,
+the Duke of Lancaster.
+
+Mr. John Gough Nichols, in the _Gent. Mag._ for 1842, quotes the
+principal part of this passage, and produces some interesting evidence
+in favour of the view that the livery of the collar of the Duke of
+Lancaster was the collar of SS.
+
+    LLEWELLYN.
+
+
+WRITTEN SERMONS.
+
+(Vol. iii., pp. 478. 526.; Vol. iv., pp. 8. 41.)
+
+The statement that the reading of sermons did not prevail in the early
+ages of Christianity not having been called in question, although
+irreconcileable with the practice of the Fathers, as ascertained from
+their own writings, I am induced to observe that in _Ferrarius de Ritu
+Sac. Concionum_, evidence is adduced that extemporaneous preaching was
+occasionally superseded by more elaborate and written discourses,
+sometimes committed to memory, sometimes recited, that is, read.
+
+  "Narrat Gregorius (Hom. 21. ex Libro Quadraginta Homiliarum)
+  solemne ibi fuisse dum Concionem haberet, per Dictatum loqui;
+  additque, Ob languentem stomachum jam _legere_ se non posse quæ
+  dictaverat; ac proinde velle se Evangelicæ Lectionis explanationem
+  non amplius per Dictatum, sed per familiares collocutiones
+  pronunciare. Per Dictatum autem loqui nihil aliud fuit Gregorio
+  quam de scripto dicere ex eo perspicuum fit, quod verbo Dictare
+  pro Scribere passim usi sunt Veteres Auctores, Sidonius Epistola
+  septima Libri primi, undecima quarti, ultima septimi, sexta
+  octavi, tertia noni; Aldhelmus _de Laudibus Virginitatis_, cap.
+  vii., Gregorius Magnus, lib. x. _Epistolarum_, Ep. xxii. "ad
+  Joannem Ravennæ Subdiaconum," et "Epistola ad Leonardum;" quæ
+  præmittitur Expositioni in Job, et alii: usu nimirum ex prisco
+  more petito quo Auctores olim, ut est apud Plinium in Epistolis
+  non uno loco, Notariis dictare consueverant. Vox præterea Legere
+  qua usus est Gregorius hoc ipsum aperte confirmat; ea enim
+  dumtaxat legere possumus quaæ scripta sunt et ante oculos
+  posita."--Ferrarius, _ut suprà_, lib ii. 15.
+
+Fabricius, in his _Bibliothecaria Antiquaria_ (cap. xi., De Concionibus
+Christianorum), thus refers to this passage:
+
+  "Conciones plerasque dictas ex memoria, quasdam etiam de scripto
+  recitatas, observatum Ferrario, lib. ii. cap. 15."
+
+It may therefore be inferred that he knew of no other testimony equally
+pertinent, but surely we may surmise that other fathers, _e.g._ Gregory
+Nazianzen (who, in the words of Bellarmine, "sapientiam mirificè cum
+eloquentia copulavit") occasionally were unable to commit to memory the
+numerous discussions which they had so diligently prepared.
+
+I have been requested by the Rev. Richard Bingham, Jun., to state that
+he has in his possession autograph sermons by his illustrious ancestor,
+in some of which are notes only or heads of subjects, and which are
+therefore unfavourable to the suspicion expressed (p. 42.), that the
+author of the _Antiquities of the Christian Church_ was prejudiced
+against extempore preaching.
+
+    BIBLIOTHECARIUS CHETHAMENSIS.
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_The Authoress of "A Residence on the Shores of the Baltic"_ (Vol. iv.,
+p. 113.).--As in a publication such as "NOTES AND QUERIES" the most
+precise correctness, even in matters of secondary importance, is, above
+all things, to be desiderated, I am sure J. R. will be glad to be
+corrected in a statement made by him, in the concluding sentence of his
+interesting communication, "Traditions from remote Periods through few
+Hands," concerning the above accomplished lady. This elegant writer was
+not "one of _four_ congenital children," though it is quite true that
+such a birth occurred in her family. The following account of so unusual
+an occurrence is taken from Matchett's _Norfolk and Norwich Remembrancer
+and Vade Mecum_, a work compiled principally from the columns of _The
+Norfolk Chronicle_, of which Mr. Matchett was for many year a
+co-proprietor and assistant editor:--
+
+  "August 15, 1817. At Dr. R.'s house, at Framingham (a small
+  village four miles from Norwich), Mrs. R., who in 1804 had first
+  brought him twins, was safely delivered of four living children,
+  three sons and a daughter, who were privately baptized by the
+  names of Primus John, Secundus Charles Henry, Tertius Robert
+  Palgrave, and Quarta Caroline. They were weighed with their shirts
+  on by Dr. Hamel, physician to the Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia,
+  who paid Dr. R. a visit a few days after the quadruple birth, and
+  were found to be 21 lbs. 2 oz. One lived eighteen days; the other
+  three from eight to ten weeks. Dr. R. being a grandfather at the
+  time, the children were born great-uncles and a great-aunt."
+
+They are buried in Framingham Earl churchyard, where is a table monument
+over their remains, setting forth the above particulars in full, with
+the respective periods of their deaths.
+
+Dr. R. was Mayor of Norwich in 1805, and, as J. R. states, an eminent
+physician of that city. He was the author of _An Essay on Animal Heat_,
+_On the Agriculture of Framingham and Holkham_, and of other works on
+Midwifery, Medicine, and Agriculture. He died Oct. 27, 1821, aged
+seventy-three years.
+
+    COWGILL.
+
+_Winifreda_ (Vol. iii., p. 27.; Vol. iv., p. 196.).--Notwithstanding the
+MS. note referred to by DR. RIMBAULT in a recent number, I cannot think
+that G. A. Stevens was the author of "Winifreda," as he had barely
+attained his sixteenth year when that song was first printed in 1726.
+Neither is it easy to imagine that the commonplace lines quoted in
+Reed's _Biographia Dramatica_, vol. i. p. 687., from Stevens's poem
+called "Religion, or the Libertine Repentant," and "Winifreda," could
+have been the production of the same person. We learn also from Reed,
+that, owing to a pirated edition of Stevens's songs being published at
+Whitehaven, he in 1772 printed a genuine collection of them at Oxford.
+This book I never met with. Should it contain Winifreda, I shall be
+satisfied: if not, we may still say of the mysterious author, "Non est
+inventus."
+
+    BRAYBROOKE.
+
+_Querelle d'Alleman_ (Vol. iii, p. 495.), not _d'Allemand_, as your
+correspondent MR. BREEN has written it; this saying deriving its origin
+from the _Allemans_, a powerful family of the Dauphiné, in the
+thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and having no reference whatever to
+the national character of the Germans, as will appear by the following
+extract from the _Revue Historique de la Noblesse, voce_ ALLEMAN:--
+
+  "Durant le 13e et le 14e siècle, la région montagneuse qui s'élève
+  entre le Drac et l'Isère était presque en totalité le domaine
+  d'une immense famille de seigneurs qui portaient tous le nom
+  _d'Alleman_.... Jamais souche féodale ne produisit plus de
+  rameaux, et nulle part les membres d'une même famille ne se
+  groupèrent autour de leurs chefs avec un soin plus jaloux.... Ils
+  se mariaient entre eux, jugeaient entre eux leurs différends, et
+  en toute circonstance se pretaient les uns aux autres un
+  infaillible appui. Malheur à l'imprudent voisin qui eût troublé
+  dans son héritage ou dans son honneur le plus humble des
+  _Alleman_. Sur la plainte de l'offensé, un conseil de famille
+  était réuni, la guerre votée par acclamations, et l'on voyait
+  bientôt déboucher dans la plaine de Grenoble les bandes armées qui
+  guidaient au châtiment de l'agresseur les bannières d'Uriage et de
+  Valbonnais."
+
+Hence, from the ardour with which this family avenged the smallest
+injury, came the saying, "_Faire une querelle d'Alleman_;" to which
+Oudin, in his _Curiosités Françoises_, gives the following
+interpretation:--
+
+  "_Querelle d'Alleman_, fondée sur peu de sujet et facile à
+  appaiser."
+
+Having reference to the same family was also the proverb, known in the
+Dauphiné, "_Gare la queue des Alleman_," applied to those entering upon
+some difficult enterprise; in other words, "mind the consequences."
+
+In Le Roux de Lincy's _Livres des Proverbes Français_, vol. ii. p. 15.,
+I find the following:
+
+      "Arces, Varces, Granges et Comiers,
+      Tel les regarde qui ni les ose ferier,
+      Mais gare la queue d'Alleman et des Brangiers."
+
+    PHILIP S. KING.
+
+_Coins of Constantius II._ (Vol. ii., pp. 42. 254.).--Not being exactly
+satisfied with my former reply to MR. WITTON on this subject, I have
+made further search on the subject in numismatic works, and I would
+refer him to the following note in Banduri, vol. ii. p. 418.:--
+
+  "Galli numismata Antiquarii olim cum nummis Constantii Augusti
+  confundebant; sed Erud. Harduinus numismata omnia Constantii
+  Cæsaris (Galli) in quibus FEL. TEMP. REPARATIO. item ea in quibus
+  CONSTANTIVS. IVN. appellatur, aut FL. CL. CONSTANTIVS, ad Gallum
+  nostrum pertinere ostendit; in quibus omnibus cum eadem effigies
+  expressa sit a Constantii Augusti effigie plurimum diversa, et
+  caput nudum semper sit; omnia numismata in quibus et caput nudum,
+  et idem qui in cæteris vultus conspicitur, ad eundem Gallum
+  retulimus, tametsi eorum numismatum nonnulla FL. IVL. Constantium
+  appellant. Haud dissimulandum tamen descripta ab Occone fuisse
+  numismata duo Constantii Augusti, in quibus FL. CL. Constantius
+  nominatur, quæ inter numismata illius Principis ex ære incerti
+  moduli exhibuimus suprà. Cæterum hujus Principis nummi omnes ex
+  argento rari sunt, et desiderantur in Mediobarbo, excepto hoc,
+  quem perperam (licet ex Tristano) inter æreos recenset laudatus
+  Mediobarbus, et duobus sequentibus."
+
+On the whole, therefore, I conclude, that we may more safely assign to
+Gallus the _bare_ head; the legends "CONSTANTIVS IVN." and "FL. CL.
+CONSTANTIVS," and the _diademed_ head, and the legends, "FL. IVL.
+CONSTANTIVS," and "CONSTANTIVS AVG.," to Constantius II. Those with "FL.
+VAL. CONSTANTIVS" would seem more properly to belong to Constantius
+Chlorus. I may add, that all those coins of Constantius which bear an A
+behind the portrait, certainly belong to Gallus.
+
+    E. S. TAYLOR.
+
+_Proverb; what constitutes one?_ (Vol. iv., p. 191.).--There can be no
+doubt that, according to modern usage, any short sentence which is
+commonly used, whether by way of enunciating a principle, foretelling a
+consequence, describing a situation, or recommending a course of action,
+&c., is a proverb. Brevity is an essential: that is, we apply the term
+_proverb_ to nothing but apophthegms. In truth, nothing but what is said
+in few words can be frequently said by all. Accordingly a proverb, in
+the nineteenth century, is a commonly known and frequently cited
+apophthegm. But it was not always so. The _proverb_ was only _one_ of a
+class which we may cite under the name of _adage_, because the various
+folio collections of them generally have this word in the title, as
+descriptive of all. These works contain proverbs properly so called,
+sentences (_sententiæ_, pieces of _sententiousness_), parables,
+apologues, aphorisms, witticisms, apophthegms, &c. &c., many of the
+instances having a right to two or more of these names. According to
+Erasmus, all the definitions which he had met with of the _paroemia_ or
+_proverb_ might be contained under one or other of the following:--
+
+  "Proverbium est sermo ad vitæ rationem conducibilis, moderata
+  quadam obscuritate multam in sese continens utilitatem."
+
+  "Proverbium est sermo, rem manifestam obscuritate tegens."
+
+The old proverb then has a soul of utility, and a body of obscurity: the
+modern one has a soul of brevity, and a body of notoriety. This
+distinction will be held obscure enough for an old proverb, but not
+brief enough for a new one.
+
+    M.
+
+_Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe_ (Vol. iv., p. 152.).--Your learned correspondent
+MR. CROSSLEY is right in his conjecture that this celebrated
+controversialist was of a family settled at Mayroyd in the parish of
+Halifax in Yorkshire. According to a pedigree certified in 1624 by Sir
+William Segar, Garter, he was the second son of John Sutcliffe of
+Melroyd, in the county of York, gent., by his wife Margaret, daughter of
+---- Owlsworth of Ashley in the same county. The Doctor married Ann,
+daughter of John Bradley of Louth, co. Lincoln, Esq., and had issue an
+only daughter Ann, the wife of Mr. Halls or Halse, of the county of
+Devon. The Doctor had four brothers, viz. Adam, Solomon, Luke, and John.
+Adam, the eldest, lived at Grimsby, co. Lincoln, and had an only
+daughter, Judith. Solomon was of Melroyd and of Grimsby; he married
+Elizabeth, daughter of John Bradley of Louth, Esq., by Frances his wife,
+daughter of ---- Fairfax of Denton, co. York, and had issue four
+daughters, and also one son, viz. John Sutcliffe, one of the esquires of
+the body to King James. His wife was Alice, daughter of Luke Woodhouse
+of Kimberley, co. Norfolk, Esq., and he had issue one daughter, Susan.
+Segar granted arms to this gentleman in 1624. Of the other brothers of
+the Dean, Luke died unmarried, and John married a daughter of Jo. Kirton
+of Lincolnshire.
+
+    F. R. R.
+
+  Milnrow Parsonage.
+
+_Pope's Translations, or Imitations of Horace_ (Vol. i., p. 230.; Vol.
+iv., pp. 58. 122. 139.).--Having every wish to accede to the request of
+your correspondent C., I have made a search, but am unable to lay my
+hand at present on the publication by Curll. There can be no doubt that
+I shall ultimately meet with it; and when I do, it will be quite at his
+service. Having compared it not very long ago with the folio edition by
+Boreman of this Imitation, which I suppose was the first in its complete
+state, I can be under no mistake as to the existence of the prior
+publication. It occurs in a thin 8vo. published by Curll in 1716,
+containing poetical miscellanies, which in my copy are bound up with
+other tracts. It is headed "By Mr. P----e," and contains only a portion
+of that subsequently printed. Curll afterwards reprinted the Imitation,
+as published by Boreman, in one of the volumes, I think the third of the
+collection, which he styles "Letters of Mr. Pope."
+
+That the Imitation is by Pope, though I am not aware of any express
+acknowledgment of it by him, there can be no doubt, and as little that
+it found its way to the press, as published by Boreman, with his
+privity. Curll even says, if any weight be due to the assertions of such
+a miscreant, that Pope received a sum of money for it from Boreman. But
+I do not consider that Pope can be deemed to have affiliated it by its
+publication in Dodsley's edition in 1738; which is, as far as I have
+always understood, a mere bookseller's collection. The only collection
+of his works which can be called his own, and for which he is fairly
+responsible, is that in 2 vols., folio and 4to., 1717-35, to each volume
+of which a preface or notice by him is prefixed; and in the latter of
+these volumes, though previously published, he has not included this
+Imitation, which seems to indicate that he did not feel disposed to
+acknowledge it publicly, and indeed he had good reason to be ashamed of
+it.
+
+    JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_M. Lominus, Theologus_ (Vol. iv., p. 193.).--The exact title of the
+work inquired for is, _Blackloanæ Hæresis, olim in Pelagio et Manichæis
+damnatæ, nunc denuo renascentis, Historia et Confutatio_. This 4to.
+volume consists of 332 pages, exclusive of the dedicatory epistle and
+the appendix; and a "printed account" of the author may be seen in Sir
+James Ware's _Writers of Ireland_ (ed. Harris, pp. 191-3), and in Dodd's
+_Church History of England_, vol. iii. pp. 284-5.: Brussels, 1742. It is
+to be hoped that in the Bodleian Catalogue something further has been
+stated respecting this curious and very rare book than that it was
+written by "M. Lominus, Theologus," who was merely an imaginary divine.
+The real author was the famous PETER TALBOT, brother of "Lying Dick
+Talbot" (the Duke of Tyrconnel and Viceroy of Ireland), almoner to
+Catharine, queen of Charles II., and titular Archbishop of Dublin.
+
+    R. G.
+
+The work referred to, entitled _Blackloanæ Hæresis, olim in Pelagio et
+Manichæis damnatæ, nunc denuo renascentis, Historia et Confutatio_,
+Gand. 1675, 4to., I have a copy of. It is written against the
+Blackloists, the leaders of whom were Thomas White, the follower of Sir
+Kenelm Digby, and John Sargeant, the voluminous Roman Catholic writer.
+The real author of the book was Peter Talbot, the brother of Richard
+Talbot, Duke of Tyrconnel. He also published the _History of Manicheism
+and Pelagianism, in which it is shown that Thomas White and his
+Adherents have revived those Heresies_: Paris, 1674, 8vo.
+
+    JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_Corpse passing makes a Right of Way_ (Vol. iii., pp. 477. 507. 519.;
+Vol. iv., p. 124.).--This belief is common in East Anglia, and such
+paths are called _Bierways_. When the common lands at Alby in Norfolk
+were enclosed, much difficulty was experienced in stopping one road, on
+account of its being an ancient bierway. In Norwich the passage through
+a part of the city called the Bull Close, is accounted public for this
+reason; and a very few years since a gentleman at Whittlesey, in
+Cambridgeshire, prevented a funeral from taking a shorter road through
+his grounds, through fear of its being afterwards esteemed a public
+thoroughfare.
+
+    E. S. TAYLOR.
+
+_Horology_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.).--H. C. K. will probably find all he
+requires in the _Penny Cyclopædia_ (Articles "Horology" and "Pendulum"),
+or in a two-shilling volume published by Weale last year, Denison _on
+Clocks, Chimes, &c._, or in the other works enumerated below:--Ellicott
+_on regulating Clocks_, 4to., 1753; Vulliamy's _Considerations on Public
+Clocks_, 4to., 1828; Derham's _Artificial Clock Maker_, 12mo., 1734;
+Berthoudi's _Essai sur l'Horlogerie_, 4to., 2 vols. 1763.
+
+    H. T. E.
+
+  Clyst St. George.
+
+_Curfew_ (Vol. ii., p. 103.).--In Charleston, the capital of the state
+of South Carolina, a bell is tolled twice every evening, at eight and
+ten o'clock in summer, and at seven and nine in winter: this custom
+dates from early times. At the ringing of the _second_ bell the watch
+for the night is set, and our servants are prohibited from being abroad
+after that hour without a permit from their masters; the first bell
+subserves no purpose, and is merely rung in conformity to ancient usage.
+I am inclined to think that our ancestors had this bell rung in order to
+keep up the old custom of the curfew bell of their cherished
+mother-country. It is still a custom when "the first bell rings" for the
+younger children of the family to say "Good night," and retire to bed.
+This is the only practical use to which this early ringing is put, and a
+capital custom it is, though rather distasteful to the young folks when
+they are anxious to sit up a little longer.
+
+    H. H. B.
+
+  Monte Cavallo, South Carolina.
+
+"_Going the whole Hog_" (Vol. iii., p. 250.).--A querist asks
+information as to the origin of the American figure of speech "to go the
+whole hog." I apprehend its parentage belongs less to America than to
+Ireland, where a "hog" is still the synonym for a shilling, and a
+"tester" or "taster" for a sixpence. Previously to the assimilation of
+the currency of the two countries in 1825, a "white hog" meant the
+English shilling or twelve pence, and a "black hog" the Irish shilling,
+of thirteen pence. To "go the whole hog" is a convivial determination
+_to spend the whole shilling_, and the prevalence of the expression,
+with an extension of its applications in America, can be readily traced
+to its importation by the multitudes of emigrants from Ireland.
+
+    M. R***SON.
+
+  Belfast.
+
+_John Bodley_ (Vol. iv., p. 59.).--"---- Burleigh, M.A." who is
+mentioned by S. S. S. as one of the translators of the Bible in 1611,
+must have been a different person to John Bodley, the father of the
+celebrated Sir Thomas Bodley. In the very interesting "History of
+English Translations and Translators" prefixed to Bagster's _English
+Hexapla_, "Mr. Burgley of Stretford" is mentioned as one, with this
+note:--
+
+  "In the Lambeth MS. it is 'Mr. Henry Burleigh.' It is added, one
+  of that name was B.D. in 1594, and D.D. in 1607."--P. 104.
+
+Townley, however, in his _Illustrations of Biblical Literature_, 1821,
+vol. iii. p. 293, supposes him to have been the Francis Burleigh, D.D.,
+who, according to Newcourt, became vicar of Stortford, or Bishop
+Stortford, in 1590. See _Repertorium_, vol. i. p. 896.
+
+    JOHN I. DREDGE.
+
+Among my matches in and about London (which I shall always be glad to
+search for your correspondents) is the following:
+
+  "23 July 1608, _John Bodleigh_, Aldgate, printer B. 34, free of
+  the stationers and a freeman; and _Elizabeth Hemp_ of Paul's
+  Wharf, Sp. 30. St. Brides."
+
+    J. S. B.
+
+_Ancient Egypt, Language of_ (Vol. iv., p. 152.).--In Adelung's
+_Mithridates_ the titles of the best works explanatory of this language
+will be found. To these must be added those of Dr. Thomas Young and
+Champollian Junior. There are some recent German works on the subject;
+your correspondent will, however, be very little benefited after
+mastering all the writers, for they have really but little to tell. The
+method to be pursued with a feasible prospect of success is, to acquire
+the Coptic-Egyptian language from the New Testament and De Woide, with
+the special object of mastering the roots, about 200 in number, of that
+language. Next, some knowledge of the Chinese language should be
+obtained, so far at least as is necessary to comprehend the
+_hieroglyphic principle_, whereby 214 letter-keys are made to do duty in
+representing 5000, or more, distinct ideas. The next matter, which
+admits of a very simple explanation, is to ascertain how the Chinese
+_dissevers_ the _idea_ of a character (hieroglyphic) from its _sound_,
+and makes his ideas (hieroglyphic characters) stand for syllables alone,
+by prefixing the character _more_ (mouth) to indicate that the
+characters next following are to be read as _sounds_ and not as _ideas_.
+In the Egyptian hieroglyphic such characters (representing the names of
+places and persons) are inclosed in a sort of lozenge or parallelogram.
+Having found out certain _sounds_ in the Egyptian hieroglyphic, _e. g._
+_Cle-o-pa-tra_, turn to the _Coptic Lexicon_ and ascertain what _idea_
+(thing) _cle_ represents in Coptic, and so on with _o_, with _pa_, &c.,
+and all other with syllable sounds. Here Champollian Junior stuck fast,
+and little has been done since his day in the way of _translation_; and
+the reason is evident--the separate characters representing sounds found
+in these lozenges are too few in number to give any hope that the
+Egyptian hieroglyphics will ever be rendered generally intelligible;
+their object, however, has been far more effectually secured by the
+paintings and representations of objects and actions, which supply an
+infinitely better means of knowing what was interesting in Egypt than
+mere words, sounds, or ideas (hieroglyphics) could convey.
+
+    J. BUCKTON.
+
+  Lichfield.
+
+_The late William Hone_ (Vol. iii., p. 477., Vol. iv., pp. 105,
+106.).--If E. V. will take the trouble to apply to the Rev. Thomas
+Binney, of the Weigh House Chapel, London, he will be in the way of
+receiving the most authentic information concerning the happy
+conversion, and triumphant death, of William Hone, who adorned the
+doctrine of God his Saviour for some years previous to his decease in
+communion with a congregation of Protestant Dissenters.
+
+    O. T. D.
+
+The interesting letter of the late William Hone, published in Vol. iv.,
+pp. 105, 106., scarcely throws any discredit upon an anecdote I often
+have heard as to the means of his _first awakening_ to a better mind,
+somewhat as follows:--that, asking a drink of milk of a little child,
+and observing a book in her hand, he inquired what it was? She answered,
+"A Bible:" and, in reply to some depreciatory remarks of his, added, "I
+thought everybody loved their Bible, Sir." I hope that this may not be
+contradicted, but confirmed.
+
+    C. W. B.
+
+_Bensley_ (Vol. iv., p. 115.).--The "Bensley tragedy" was no doubt the
+sudden death, in April or May, 1765, by a fall from his horse, of _James
+Bensley_, Esq., of Lincoln's Inn; probably an early acquaintance of Hill
+and Cowper. The melancholy death of another friend of theirs, poor Lloyd
+(which Southey also calls a _tragedy_), had happened three or four
+months earlier.
+
+    C.
+
+_John Lilburne_ (Vol. iv., p. 134.).--The name of John Lilburne occurs
+in Cleveland's _Poems_ more than once, _e. g._ "The General Eclipse:"--
+
+      "Thus 'tis a general eclipse,
+      And the whole world is _al-a-mort_;
+      Only the House of Commons trips
+      The stage in a Triumphant sort,
+      Now e'en _John Lilburn_ take 'em for't."
+
+      _Works_, p. 57. Lond. 1687.
+
+And again, "On the Inundation of the River Trent," p. 294.:
+
+      "One herd and flock in one kind hill found mercy,
+      Like _Lilburn_ (and his wool) in the Isle of _Jersey_."
+
+    RT.
+
+  Warmington.
+
+_School of the Heart_ (Vol. iii., p. 390. Vol. iv., p. 141.).--Is your
+correspondent aware of Benedict Haeften's _Schola Cordis_, from which
+Harvey's _School of the Heart_ was imitated? It was published at Antwerp
+in 1635. The copy I now have before me is dated 1699, but I will give
+its full title:
+
+  "Schola Cordis, sive aversi a Deo Cordis ad eumdem reductio, et
+  instructio. Auctore Benedicto Haefteno, Reformati Monast.
+  Affligeminsis, Ordinis S. Benedicti, præposito. Antverpiæ, apud
+  Henricum et Cornelium Verdurrin, MDCXCIX."
+
+P. S. The _emblems_ are fifty-five in number.
+
+    RT.
+
+  Warmington.
+
+_Sir W. Raleigh in Virginia_ (Vol. iv., p. 190.).--That Mr. Hallam
+should have forgotten to correct an incidental allusion is natural
+enough; and that Raleigh in person discovered Virginia _was_ commonly
+believed. Sir Walter Scott, for instance, believed it, as appears by a
+passage at the end of _Kenilworth_. But the very title-page of Hariot's
+account of the discovery of Virginia (whether in the English of 1588, or
+the Frankfort Latin of 1590), negatives the idea of Raleigh assisting in
+person. And the _Biographia Britannica_, or, I believe, any similar work
+of authority, will show that no biographer of note has affirmed it. It
+was an expedition _fitted out_ by Raleigh which discovered Virginia.
+
+    M.
+
+It appears by the _Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia_, by
+Strachey, so ably edited by Mr. Major for the Hakluyt Society, that Sir
+Walter Raleigh sent out his first expedition to Virginia in 1584, under
+Captain Amadas; in 1585 a fleet under Sir R. Grenville, which he
+intended to have commanded in person, but jealousy at court prevented
+him. In 1587 a second fleet was sent to Roanoak under Captain White, in
+1590 supplies by Captain White, and in 1602 he sent Samuel Mace. Neither
+Oldys nor Cayley mention his having gone there; and as they carry on the
+events of his life pretty clearly year by year, I think, in reply to the
+Query of MR. BREEN, that there is pretty good evidence to show that he
+never was there.
+
+    E. N. W.
+
+  Southwark.
+
+_Siege of Londonderry_ (Vol. iv., p. 162.).--Can B. G. give any
+information respecting the list of persons who received grants of land
+in the county of Londonderry after the conclusion of the war in 1691?
+Also, whether he knows of an old ballad (cotemporary I believe) called
+"The Battle of the Boyne?" I have an old history of the siege of Derry,
+by Mr. George Walker, 1689. I should be glad to know what the pamphlet
+contains, and whether the family of Downing are mentioned in it.
+
+    A. C. L.
+
+_Cowper Law_ (Vol. iv., p. 101.).--For the satisfaction of your
+correspondent C. DE D., I transcribe from Jamieson's _Dictionary_ the
+following:
+
+  "COWPER JUSTICE, trying a man after execution: the same with
+  _Jeddart_, or _Jedburgh justice_[17] [See JEDDART JUSTICE.]
+
+      "'Yet let the present swearing trustees
+      Know they give conscience _Cowper Justice_,
+      And by subscribing it in gross,
+      Renounces every solid gloss.--
+      And if my judgement be not scant,
+      Some lybel will be relevant,
+      And all the process firm and fast,
+      To give the counsel _Jedburgh cast_.'
+
+      "Cleland's _Poems_, pp. 109, 110.
+
+  "This phrase is said to have had its rise from the conduct of a
+  Baron-bailie in _Coupar_-Angus, before the abolition of heritable
+  jurisdictions."
+
+  [Footnote 17: Also "_Jedwood_ Justice." See Scott's _Fair Maid of
+  Perth_, vol. xliii. p. 304.]
+
+    CHARLES THIRIOLD.
+
+  Cambridge, Sept. 8. 1851.
+
+_Decretorum Doctor_ (Vol. iv., p. 191.).--The precise meaning of this
+term is Doctor of the Canon Law. A doctor of laws was a doctor of _both
+the laws_ (that is, the Civil Law _and_ the Canon Law). The University
+of Cambridge was forbidden to grant degrees in Canon Law in 1535; and
+soon afterwards these degrees were discontinued in Oxford, in
+consequence of the repudiation of the Papal authority, although three or
+more persons took the degree of Bachelor of Decrees there in the reign
+of Queen Mary. Further details respecting the Canon Law, and the
+graduates in that faculty, will be found in Fuller's _History of the
+University of Cambridge_, ed. Priskett and Wright, pp. 220. 225.; Wood's
+_History and Antiq. of the University of Oxford_, ed. Gutch, vol. i. pp.
+63. 359.; vol. ii. pp. 67. 79. 768, 769, 770. 902.; Hallam's _Middle
+Ages_, 9th ed. vol. ii. p. 2.; _Peacock on Statutes of the University of
+Cambridge_, Appendix A. xlix. n. 1.
+
+    C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge, Sept. 13. 1851.
+
+_Nightingale and Thorn_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.), by A. W. H.:--
+
+      "Every thing did banish moan,
+      Save the nightingale alone:
+      She, poor bird, as all forlorn,
+      Leaned her breast up-till a thorn,
+      And there sung the dolefull'st ditty,
+      That to hear it was great pity."
+
+      Shakspeare: _Passionate Pilgrim_, xix.
+
+    W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.
+
+  Temple.
+
+The earliest allusion to this fable, that I know of, occurs in the
+_Passionate Pilgrim_, Sect. xix.
+
+Ovid, in his version of the fable of Tereus, does not introduce the
+thorn; so probably the allusion is not classical.
+
+Apollodorus also gives this myth, but I have him not to refer to.
+
+    H. E. H.
+
+_Carli the Economist_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.).--ALPHA will find in a very
+excellent work, entitled _Storia della Economia Pubblica in Italia, &c.,
+di Giuseppe Pecchio_, Lugano, 1829, 8vo., the information he requires
+regarding the first work on political economy, by an Italian writer, who
+seems to have been Gasparo Scaruffi; and also learn that Gian Rinaldo
+Carli died in 1795.
+
+    F. R. A.
+
+_Tale of a Tub_ (Vol. i., p. 326.; Vol. iii., p. 28.).--It is no wonder
+that Henry VIII.'s chancellor Sir Thomas More should have heard of an
+extraordinary tale about a tub, since its earliest form--the model of so
+many copies--is in Apuleius, at the beginning of the 9th book. It forms
+likewise the argument of the second novel of Boccacio's _Seventh Day,
+ove_ "Peronella mette un suo amante in un doglio." Girolamo Morlino told
+the same objectionable story in Latin; and Agnolo Firenzuola, the
+Italian translator of Apuleius, seems to have adopted the witty
+Florentine's imagery, forgetting the original which he professed to
+follow. See Manni, _Istoria del Decamerone_, Firenze, 1742, pp. 466.
+472. "Tale of a tub," like Conte de peau d'âne, Conte de la Cigogne,
+Conte de la Mère Oie, denotes a marvellous or cock and bull story--Conte
+gras, Conte pour rire. There is no doubt that Jean-Jaques' miniature
+French opera, _Le Tonnelier_, was founded, though through certain
+strainers well refined, on the wicked Milesian fiction of the African
+jester:
+
+      "Un tonnelier vieux et jaloux
+        Aimait une jeune bergère:
+      Il voulait être son époux,
+        Mais il n'avait pas su lui plaire:
+          Travaillez, travaillez, bon tonnelier!
+          Raccommodez votre cuvier!"
+
+    GEORGE MÉTIVIER.
+
+_Wyle Cop_ (Vol. iv., p. 116.).--May not Wyle Cop be derived from the
+Anglo-Saxon _wylle_, well or fountain, and _cop_, head or top? SALOPIAN
+can perhaps judge whether "_Fountain Hill_" or "_Well Head_" would be at
+all applicable to the Wyle Cop in Shrewsbury.
+
+    THOS. LAWRENCE.
+
+  Ashby de la Zouch.
+
+_Visiting Cards_ (Vol. iv., pp. 133. 195.).--"Marriage à-la-Mode," Plate
+IV., supplies an additional proof of playing cards having done duty as
+Visiting Cards and Cards of Invitation during the middle of the last
+century. There are several lying on the floor, in the right-hand corner
+of the picture. One is inscribed--"Count Basset begs to no how Lade
+Squander sleapt last nite."
+
+    C. FORBES.
+
+  Temple.
+
+_Absalom's Hair_ (Vol. iv., p. 131.).--Your correspondent P. P. remarks
+in the number of "NOTES AND QUERIES" for August 23, that "Absalom's long
+hair had nothing to do with his death; his head itself, and not the hair
+upon it, having been caught in the boughs of the tree." Even allowing
+the silence of Scripture upon the matter, the tradition has certainly
+the basis of respectable antiquity to rest on. Bishop J. Taylor thus
+writes in his _Second Sermon upon St. Matthew_, xvi. 26. _ad finem_:--
+
+  "The Doctors of the Jews report that when _Absalom hanged among
+  the oaks by the hair of the head_, he seemed to see under him Hell
+  gaping wide ready to receive him; and he _durst not cut off the
+  hair that intangled him_, for fear he should fall into the horrid
+  Lake, whose portion is flames and torment, but chose to protract
+  his miserable life a few minutes in that pain of posture, and to
+  abide the stroke of his pursuing enemies. His condition was sad
+  when his arts of remedy were so vain."
+
+    RT.
+
+  Warmington, Sept. 3, 1851.
+
+_MS. Book of Sentences_ (Vol. iv., p. 188.).--The name of the Durham
+monk referred to by W. S. W. is more probably "Swallwell" than
+"Wallwell," because the former is the name of a township or vill in
+Durham county.
+
+    E. S.
+
+_The Winchester Execution_ (Vol. iv., p. 191.).--The narrative related
+from memory of M. W. B. bears on its face strong indications of fiction:
+according to that statement a sheepstealer was "some years ago"
+condemned to death; a "warrant" for his execution was made out, but
+mislaid, by whom does not appear. After the lapse of years, during which
+the prisoner had been employed in "executing commissions in distant
+places" for the gaoler, and in obtaining a high character for his
+amiable and moral conduct, the fatal warrant arrives, and is "forwarded
+to the high sheriff, and to the delinquent himself," who is forthwith
+hanged.
+
+Any one acquainted with the course of practice at assizes at the period
+to which this anecdote refers, must be aware that no "warrant," in the
+sense in which the word is here used, was ever made out in such cases.
+The prisoner is legally in the custody of the sheriff when sentence is
+passed in court, and he leaves the court in that same custody. The
+judgment so pronounced is itself the warrant, though a short memorandum
+or note of it is officially made at the time; unless the judge reprieves
+or suspends the sentence, no sheriff waits for any further authority,
+and as for the unfortunate delinquent, no judge, sheriff, or gaoler ever
+supposed that any copy of a warrant was to be handed to the prisoner
+himself! During the interval between sentence and execution, if there be
+no reprieve or release from imprisonment by the authority of the
+executive, the prisoner is, and always has been, kept by the sheriff _in
+salvâ et arctâ custodiâ_ in the county gaol. The idea of an employment
+for years in rambling about the country on the gaoler's errands, is a
+preposterous figment, composed by some novelist who was unacquainted
+with the needful machinery for giving an air of verisimilitude to his
+story. The legend seems to be a version of the fate of Sir W. Raleigh
+adapted to low life; as in his case the scene is laid at Winchester, but
+the machinery and decorations are not contrived with a due regard to
+probability.
+
+      "Quodcunque essendis mihi sic, incredulus odi."
+
+    E. S.
+
+_Locke's MSS._ (Vol. iii., p. 337.).--A good account of Locke's MSS. is
+to be found in Blakey's _History of Metaphysics_. They were in the
+possession of the Forster family, whose representative, Dr. Forster,
+M.D., is now, or was very lately, residing at Bruges.
+
+    ÆGROTUS.
+
+_Peal of Bells_ (Vol. i., p. 154.).--The definition of a _peal_, viz.,
+"a performance of above 5,000 changes," was recently confirmed to me by
+the two following inscriptions, which I read in the belfry of the curfew
+tower at Windsor:--
+
+  "Feb. 21, 1748, was rung in this steeple a complete 5,040 of union
+  trebles, never performed here before."
+
+  "College Youths.--This society rung in this steeple, Tuesday,
+  April 10, 1787, _a true and complete peal_ of 5,040 grandsire
+  triples in three hours and fourteen minutes."
+
+A stone tablet in the bell chamber of Ecclesfield church records, that a
+few months ago "was rung in this tower _a peal_ of Kent treble bob
+major, consisting of 5,024 changes in three hours and five minutes."
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Pope's "honest Factor"_ (Vol. iv., p. 6.).--If any one ever made a
+rational guess at who this _factor_ may have been, he must have been
+still more likely to have known who was meant by _Sir Balaam_, at whose
+identity I have never yet heard a guess. I suppose that both _factor_
+and _knight_ were fancy characters.
+
+    C.
+
+_Bells in Churches_ (Vol. iv., p. 165.).--The judgment stated to have
+been given by Lord Chief Justice _Campbell_, was given by Lord Chief
+Justice _Jervis_.
+
+    C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge.
+
+_Virgil, Passage from_ (Vol. iii., p. 499.).--The line of Virgil
+(_Georg._, lib. iv. 87.) quoted,
+
+      "Pulveris exigui jactu compressa quiescunt,"
+
+and the preceding line,
+
+      "Hi motus animorum atque hæc certamina tanta,"
+
+have been happily applied to the contrasted quiescence of
+_Ash_-Wednesday immediately succeeding the tumultuous carnival in Roman
+Catholic countries, when the cross marked by _ashes_ on the forehead
+lulls to quiet the turbulent spirits of the previous weeks.
+
+    J. R.
+
+_Duke of Berwick_ (Vol. iv., p. 133.).--The Duke of Berwick, born in
+1671, and so created the 19th of March, 1687, by his father (natural)
+James II., was indeed a Spanish grandee, which he was made by Philip V.,
+after his victory of Almanza, in 1707; but the title was Liria, not
+Alva, which belonged to the great house of Toledo, and was rendered
+famous (or infamous) by its bearer under Philip II. Berwick, however,
+transferred this Spanish title of Liria to his son James, by his first
+wife Honera de Burgh, daughter of William, seventh Earl of Clanrickard,
+with the annexed territory, or _majorat_. She was the widow of Patrick
+Sarsfield, Earl of Lucan, who conducted 14,000 Irish refugees to France
+in 1691, after the surrender of Limerick to Ginkle. She died of
+consumption, still young, at Montpelier, in 1698. The Duke of St. Simon,
+in his _Mémoires_, tome ii. p. 92., describes her as "belle, faite à
+peindre, touchante--une nymphe enfin;" but, though personally acquainted
+with her, he names her the daughter, instead of the widow, of Lucan.
+Berwick afterwards married Miss Buckley, one of the Queen Mary d'Este's
+maids of honour, by whom he had several children, who assumed the name
+of Fitz-James. Their descendants were colonels or proprietaires of the
+Irish Brigade regiment, called, after their founder, Berwick. The
+Spanish branch still maintains its rank and estates. Berwick was killed
+at the siege of Philpsburg, in Baden, the 12th June, 1734. His military
+talents were of acknowledged superiority; so far more resembling his
+uncle Marlborough than his father, whose dastardly flight at the Boyne
+he indignantly witnessed. His _Mémoires_, in two volumes 12mo., were
+published from his manuscript by his grandson, the Duke of Fitz-James,
+in 1778.
+
+    J. R.
+
+  Cork.
+
+_Nullus and Nemo_ (Vol. iv., p. 153.).--The interpretation of "M.'s"
+woodcut will be found in Ulrich von Hutten's elegiac verses, which are
+exhibited in his ΟΥΤΙΣ, NEMO. Your correspondent's amusing conjecture
+about "nobody's child" was quite correct, as these lines prove:
+
+      "Quærendus puero pater est: Nemo obtigit. At tu,
+      Si me audis, alium stulta require patrem."
+
+I suspect that "M.'s" old 4to. tracts bear a somewhat earlier date than
+1520-30; but probably, this matter might be determined by Burckhard's
+_Commentarius de Ulrici ab Hutten fatis et meritis_, or by his
+_Analecta_ (Cf. Freytag, _Adpar. Lit._ iii. 519.), or by means of
+Münck's collection of De Hutten's works. I happen to have copies of two
+editions of the _Nemo_, which, though they are undated, must appertain
+to the year 1518. This was not, however, the period of the first
+publication of the poem; for the author, in a letter addressed to
+Erasmus in October, 1516, mentions it as having then appeared (Niceron,
+_Mémoires_, xv. 266.): but the original impression of this satirical
+performance is without the prefatory epistle to Crotus Rubianus [Johan
+Jager], who is believed to have had no inconsiderable share in the
+composition of the celebrated _Epistolæ obscurorum Virorum_.
+
+    R. G.
+
+_Grimsdyke_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--I can mention at all events one other
+earthwork named Grimsdyke in England--the great earthwork, viz., south
+of Salisbury, which is called Grimsdyke. Mr. Guest has stated his belief
+that it was not a Belgic work, but a boundary line made by the Welsh
+after the treaty of the Mons Badonicus.
+
+    W. S. G.
+
+  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
+
+_Coke, how pronounced_ (Vol. iv., pp. 24. 93. 138.).--Respecting the
+pronunciation of the name of Coke at page 138., I recollect having some
+discussion on it in 1812 with the late Mr. Andrew Lynch, Master in
+Chancery, then a student at the Temple, when he corrected me for calling
+it _Cooke_, which he maintained should be called _Coake_. We happened to
+dine that day at Mr. Charles Butler's, his future father-in-law, and
+agreed to refer the matter to him who had been associated with Hargrave
+in publishing Sir Edward Coke's _Commentaries on Littleton_ (1809, 7
+vols. 8vo.). Mr. Butler at once decided the question in my favour,
+adding that he had never heard the name otherwise pronounced, and that
+_Coake_ was quite a novelty, which he should never adopt--indeed, I am
+sure it is so, though now I find it generally prevalent.
+
+    J. R.
+
+  Cork.
+
+_Marcus Ælius Antoninus_ (Vol. iv., p. 152.).--I think that your
+correspondent will not readily ascertain the owner of this pseudonyme;
+but, in the presumed absence of any opposing evidence, I would suggest
+that the mask may belong to Marc-Antonio Flaminio. Melancthon's
+excellent _Responsio ad scriptum quorundam delectorum à Clero secundario
+Coloniæ Agrippinæ_, 4to., Francfurdiæ, 1543, is now before me, but it
+does not allude to the _Querela_ set forth in the same year. It is said
+that the framer of the Cologne _Judicium_ against Bucer was the
+Carmelite Eberhardus Billicus; and TYRO may be assured that he is
+fortunate if he be a possessor of the tract by the fictitious Antoninus;
+for, in the words of Seckendorf,--
+
+  "Ex scriptis reliquis, occasione Reformationis Coloniensis tunc
+  publicatis, plurima in oblivionem fere venerunt, nec facile hodie
+  inveniuntur, typis licet olim excusa."--_Comm. de Luther._ lib.
+  iii. sect. 27. § cvii. p. 437. Francof. 1692.
+
+    R. G.
+
+
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+The sculptures which have been preserved with comparatively little
+injury for upwards of six centuries on the western front of the
+venerable cathedral of Wells have long excited the wonder and curiosity,
+as well as admiration, of all who looked upon them. All have been ready
+to recognise in them the expression of some grand design; but it has
+been reserved for Professor Cockerell to penetrate, through the
+quaintness of the style and the dilapidations of centuries, into their
+noble aim and purpose, and to describe at length this "extensive but
+hitherto unedited commentary in living sculpture of the thirteenth
+century, upon our earliest dynasties, our churchmen, and religious
+creed." This he has done in a handsome and richly illustrated volume,
+lately published by Mr. Parker under the title of _Iconography of the
+West Front of Wells Cathedral, with an Appendix on the Sculptures of
+other Mediæval Churches in England_: and the work will be found of the
+highest interest, not only for its valuable illustration of this
+"kalender for unlearned men," which we owe to the piety and love of art
+of Bishop Trotman, and which Flaxman speaks of as "_the earliest
+specimen_ of such magnificent and varied sculpture united in a series of
+sacred history that is to be found in western Europe," but also for the
+light it throws upon the history of art in this country. For not only
+have we in these pages the results of Professor Cockerell's studies of
+the extensive and important series of sculptures which form the
+immediate subject of them; but also his criticisms and remarks upon the
+cognate objects to be found at Exeter, Norwich, Malmesbury, Canterbury,
+Rochester, York, Beverley, Lichfield, Worcester, Lincoln, Gloucester,
+Salisbury, Peterborough, Croyland, and Bath. And who can speak with
+greater authority upon such points? whose opinion would be received with
+greater respect?
+
+Surely Rome must have been styled the _Eternal City_ because there is no
+end to the books which are published respecting it:
+
+  "For every year and month sends forth a new one;"
+
+yet the subject never seems exhausted. Now it is a high churchman who
+gives a picture of this "Niobe of nations," tinted _couleur de rose_;
+now a low churchman, who talks of nothing but abominations of a deeper
+dye; now some classical student tells how--
+
+      "The Goth, the Christian, time, war, flood, and fire
+      Have dealt upon the seven hill'd city's pride;"
+
+now some worshipper of art, who unfolds the treasures garnered within
+its walls; now a politician loud in his praises of Young Italy, or his
+condemnation of foreign interference. The Chevalier de Chatelaine is
+none of these, or rather, he is almost all of them by turns; and
+consequently his _Rambles though Rome, descriptive of the Social,
+Political, and Ecclesiastical Condition of the City and its
+Inhabitants_, is a volume of pleasant gossip, more amusing to the reader
+than flattering to the character of the Roman people or those who govern
+them.
+
+CATALOGUE RECEIVED.--J. G. Bell's (17. Bedford Street, Covent Garden)
+Catalogue of Autograph Letters and other Documents, English and Foreign.
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+      WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+FEARNE'S ESSAY ON HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS, 4to.
+
+BISHOP KIDDER'S LIFE OF ANTHONY HORNECK.
+
+TIGHE'S LIFE OF LAW.
+
+MACROPEDII, HECASTUS FABULA. 8vo. Antwerp, 1539.
+
+OMNES GEORGII MACROPEDII FABULÆ COMICÆ. Utrecht, 1552. 2 Vols. 8vo.
+
+OTHONIS LEXICON RABBINICUM.
+
+PLATO. Vols. VIII. X. XI. of the Bipont Edition.
+
+PARKINSON'S SERMONS. Vol. I.
+
+ATHENÆUM. Oct. and Nov. 1848. Parts CCL., CCLI.
+
+WILLIS' PRICE CURRENT. Nos. I. III. V. XXIV. XXVI. XXVII.--XLV.
+
+RABBI SALOMON JARCHI (RASCHI) COMMENTAR ÜBER DEN PENTATEUCH VON L.
+HAYMANN. Bonn, 1833.
+
+RABBI SOLOMON JARCHI (RASCHI) ÜBER DAS ERSTE BUCH MOSIS VON L. HAYMANN.
+Bonn, 1833.
+
+No. 3 of SUMMER PRODUCTIONS, or PROGRESSIVE MISCELLANIES, by Thomas
+Johnson. London, 1790.
+
+HISTORY OF VIRGINIA. Folio. London, 1624.
+
+THE APOLOGETICS OF ATHENAGORAS, Englished by D. Humphreys. London, 1714.
+8vo.
+
+BOVILLUS DE ANIMÆ IMMORTALITATE, ETC. Lugduni, 1522. 4to.
+
+KUINOEL'S NOV. TEST. Tom. I.
+
+THE FRIEND, by Coleridge. Vol. III. Pickering.
+
+[Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage
+free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186.
+Fleet Street.
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+MR. J. F. HARKINS _will find the information he wishes respecting the
+dramatic works of Bishop Bale, &c., in Mr. Collier's_ History of
+Dramatic Poetry. The Arraignment of Paris _is printed in Peele's works;
+and the plays attributed to Shakspeare, in a supplement to Knight's_
+Pictorial Shakspeare. _The other Queries shall appear very shortly._
+
+A. N. _The communication referred to shall be found_ if possible; _but
+the number of papers we receive is not_ small, _as our correspondent
+supposes._
+
+J. B. C.'s _communication was certainly intended for insertion. It shall
+be looked out and printed, with as little delay as possible._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Marriage of Bishops--Names of Vermin and
+Payments for destroying--Suicides buried in Cross Roads--Tobacco
+used by Elizabethan Ladies--Ball that killed Nelson--Serpent
+with a Human Head--Bidding Weddings--White Rose--Annals
+of the Inquisition--Pope and Flatman--Quotation from Bacon--Story
+referred to by Jeremy Taylor--Lord Mayor not a Privy
+Councillor--Borough-English--The Sun Feminine--Sacre
+Cheveux--Blessing by the Hand--Nao a Ship--Illumination
+in 1802--Miserrimus--Tennyson--St. Frances--Whig and
+Tory--Simnels--Devenisch--Discovery of the Drowned--Forthfare--Royal
+Library, &c.--Antiquity of Kilts--Cagots--Burton Family--Fire
+unknown--Mad as a March Hare--Grimsdyke--Freedom from Serpents._
+
+_Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H.,
+_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by
+circulating them._
+
+VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had,
+price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped
+Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office
+Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet
+Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be
+addressed._
+
+_Erratum._--Vol. iii., p. 522., after the last word in the article on
+MOSAIC, add "by Alex. de La Borde."
+
+
+
+
+BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR OCTOBER.
+
+  NEANDER'S HISTORY OF THE PLANTING OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH, Vol.
+  2., containing the Author's Recent Additions. Also, ANTIGNOSTIKUS,
+  or Spirit of Tertullian. Translated from the German by J. E.
+  RYLAND. Post 8vo. 3_s._ 6_d._
+
+  HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+
+BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR OCTOBER.
+
+  OVID'S METAMORPHOSES, literally translated into English Prose,
+  with Notes, and Explanation of each Fable. Post 8vo. Frontispiece.
+  5_s._
+
+  HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+
+BOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR OCTOBER.
+
+  DIDRON'S CHRISTIAN ICONOGRAPHY; a History of Christian Art,
+  translated from the French, with upwards of 150 beautiful outline
+  Engravings, in 2 vols., post 8vo. Vol. I. 5_s._
+
+  HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+
+BOHN'S SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY FOR OCTOBER.
+
+  STOCKHARDT'S PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY, exemplified in a Series of
+  Simple Experiments, with upwards of 200 Diagrams and Engravings.
+  Translated from the German. Post 8vo. 5_s._
+
+  HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+
+AUTOGRAPHS.--Just published, price One Shilling (returned to
+purchasers), A CATALOGUE of a large Collection of Autograph Letters,
+&c., with Biographical and Critical Dates, Notes, and Extracts (sent by
+post for Twelve Stamps).
+
+  London: JOHN GRAY BELL, 17. Bedford Street, Covent Garden.
+
+
+THE TRAVELLER'S LIBRARY.
+
+  On Wednesday next will by published, 16mo. price One Shilling,
+
+  MR. MACAULAY'S TWO ESSAYS ON RANKE'S HISTORY of the POPES and on
+  GLADSTONE ON CHURCH AND STATE. Forming the Eighth Part of THE
+  TRAVELLER'S LIBRARY. To be continued Monthly, price One Shilling
+  each Part.
+
+  Part 1 contains WARREN HASTINGS, by T. B. Macaulay.
+
+  Part 2 contains LORD CLIVE, by T. B. Macaulay.
+
+  Part 3, LONDON in 1850-51. By J. R. M'Culloch, Esq.
+
+  Part 4, SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY. From the "Spectator." With Notes
+  and Illustrations, by W. H. Wills.
+
+  Part 5, WILLIAM PITT, EARL OF CHATHAM, by T. B. Macaulay.
+
+  Parts 6 and 7, MR. S. LAING'S JOURNAL of a RESIDENCE IN NORWAY.
+  Complete in Two Parts.
+
+  Parts 9 and 10, on Nov. 1, will comprise a New Edition of EOTHEN,
+  complete in Two Parts, price One Shilling each.
+
+  London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS.
+
+
+COMPANION ATLAS TO THE WORKS OF HUMBOLDT, SOMERVILLE, &c.
+
+  On Nov. 1st, New Edition, extra Maps, price 12_s._ 6_d._, crimson
+  cl. gilt,
+
+  THE HAND ATLAS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, a series of 24 fo. and 4to.
+  Maps and Plates, with 11 Index Maps, full coloured illustration of
+  the Geographical distribution of Natural Phenomena, from Dr.
+  Berghan's Atlas, and Original Maps drawn by and under the
+  Superintendence of Drs. Ritter, Kiepert, Grimm, O'Etzell, &c.
+
+  Shortly (by request),
+
+  THE HISTORICAL ATLAS, from the SUBVERSION of the WESTERN ROMAN
+  EMPIRE to the ABDICATION of NAPOLEON. 15 Maps. 4to., 7_s._ 6_d._
+  cloth.
+
+  Published by EDWARD GOWER. Princes Street, Bedford Row; SIMPKIN &
+  Co.; WHITTAKER & Co.; HAMILTON & Co.; AYLOTT & JONES; and R.
+  THEOBALD: Edinburgh, MENZIES: Dublin, M'GLASHEN.
+
+
+PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET.
+
+      CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS.
+      Established 1806.
+	  Policy Holders' Capital. 1,192,818_l._
+      Annual Income. 150,000_l._--Bonuses Declared, 743,000_l._
+	  Claims paid since the Establishment of the office, 2,001,450_l._
+
+      _President._
+      The Right Honourable EARL GREY.
+
+      _Directors._
+      The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_.
+      Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman_.
+
+      Henry B. Alexander, Esq.
+      George Dacre, Esq.
+      William Judd, Esq.
+      Sir Richard D. King, Bart.
+      The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird
+      Thomas Maugham, Esq.
+      William Ostler, Esq.
+      Apsley Pellatt, Esq.
+      George Round, Esq.
+      Frederick Squire, Esq.
+      William Henry Stone, Esq.
+      Capt. William John Williams.
+
+      J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_.
+      _Physician_--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague
+      Street, Montague Square.
+
+  NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.
+
+  Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of
+  Bonuses.
+
+      ------+--------+----------------------+---------------------------
+       Date |        |                      |       Bonuses added
+        of  |  Sum   |   Original Premium.  |    subsequently, to be
+      Policy|Insured.|                      |further increased annually.
+      ------+--------+----------------------+---------------------------
+       1806 | £2500  |£79 10 10 Extinguished|      £1222  2  0
+       1811 |  1000  | 33 19  2    Ditto    |        231 17  8
+       1818 |  1000  | 34 16 10    Ditto    |        114 18 10
+      ------+--------+----------------------+---------------------------
+
+  Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.
+
+      ------+-----+--------+----------+------------------
+      Policy|     |  Sum   | Bonuses  |   Total with
+        No. |Date.|Insured.|  added.  | Additions to be
+            |     |        |          |further increased.
+      ------+-----+--------+----------+------------------
+        521 | 1807|  £900  |£982 12  1|   £1882 12  1
+       1174 | 1810|  1200  |1160  5  6|    2360  5  6
+       3392 | 1820|  5000  |3558 17  8|    8558 17  8
+      ------+-----+--------+----------+------------------
+
+  Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application
+  to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the
+  United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No.
+  50. Regent Street.
+
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE
+
+      AND
+
+	  HISTORICAL REVIEW.
+
+  In an age which claims to give peculiar attention to whatever is
+  useful and practical, the GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE has stepped forward
+  to occupy the vacant post of an Historical Review. Gentlemen
+  eminently conversant with the various branches of historical study
+  are constant contributors, and every endeavour is made to render
+  the Magazine a worthy organ and representative of Historical and
+  Archæological Literature. In its Original Articles, historical
+  questions are considered and discussed; in its Correspondence, the
+  researches and inquiries of historical students are promoted; in
+  its Reviews, prominent attention is given to all historical books;
+  its Historical Chronicle and Notes of the Month contain a record
+  of such recent events as are worthy of being kept in remembrance;
+  its Obituary is a faithful memorial of all persons of eminence
+  lately deceased; and these divisions of the Magazine are so
+  treated and blended together as to render the whole attractive and
+  interesting to all classes of readers.
+
+      THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,
+      FOR JULY, 1851,
+      THE FIRST OF A NEW VOLUME,
+
+  Contains the following articles:--1. The Present State of English
+  Historical Literature: the Record Offices; 2. Bill for King
+  Charles's Pedestal at Charing Cross; 3. Anecdotes from the
+  Day-books of Dr. Henry Sampson; 4. The Infinity of Geometric
+  Design (with Engravings); 5. Christian Iconography, by J. G.
+  Waller: Principalities, Archangels, and Angels (with Engravings);
+  6. Companions of my Solitude; 7. Mr. P. Cunningham's Story of Nell
+  Gwynn, Chapter VII. (with Portraits of her two Sons); 8. Sussex
+  Archæology (with Engravings); 9. Horace Walpole and Mason; 10.
+  National Education; with Notes of the Month, Review of New
+  Publications, Reports of Scientific and Antiquarian Society, and
+  OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Earl of Shaftesbury, the Earl
+  of Cottenham, Right Hon. R. L. Shiel, Rev. W. M. Kinsey, Mrs.
+  Shelly, Mr. Dowton, &c.
+
+      THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,
+      FOR AUGUST, 1851,
+
+  Contains the following articles:--1. Memoirs of William
+  Wordsworth, Poet Laureate; 2. Letter of Bossuet respecting the
+  Death of Henrietta, Duchess of Orleans; 3. Curiosities of the old
+  Church Canons, No. II.; 4. Who were the Anglo-Saxon Kings crowned
+  at Kingston? 5. The Story of Nell Gwynn, related by Peter
+  Cunningham, concluded; 6. The Galleys of England and France; 7.
+  Parliamentary Robes for a Prince of Wales; 8. Christian
+  Iconography, by J. G. Waller; 9. Ruins of Vaudey Abbey,
+  Lincolnshire; 10. Seal with a Merchant's Mark; with Correspondence
+  on Subjects of Popular Interest, Notes of the Month, Review of New
+  Publications, Reports of Scientific and Antiquarian Societies. The
+  OBITUARY for August contains several Biographies of great
+  interest, viz., The Earl of Derby, K. G., President of the
+  Zoological Society; Viscount Melville, formerly First Lord of the
+  Admiralty; Right Hon. William Lascelles, Comptroller of Her
+  Majesty's Household; Admiral Sir Edward Codrington, G.C.B.; Sir
+  J. Graham Dalyell, Bart., the Scotish Antiquary and Naturalist;
+  Lord Dundrennan, the Scotish Judge; Dr. Adams, the eminent
+  Civilian; Colonel Michell, late Surveyor at the Cape; Mr. Dyce
+  Sombre; Mr. Thorneycroft, of Wolverhampton; Mr. St. George Tucker,
+  the East India Director; Sir George S. Gibbes, M.D., late of Bath;
+  Dr. Kennedy, the Medical Bibliographer; Dr. Mackness, of Hastings;
+  Mrs. Sheridan, Author of "Carwell"; Mrs. Atthill (Miss Halsted),
+  Author of "the Life of Richard III.;" Richard Phillips, F.R.S.,
+  the Chemist; D. M. Moir, Esq., the Delta of Blackwood; Mr. Thomas
+  Moule, the Antiquary; The Rev. Jelinger Symons; Rev. N. J. Halpin;
+  Tieck and Henning, the Sculptors, &c. &c. A Biographical List of
+  Clergymen deceased, and Deaths of the Nobility, Gentry, and other
+  Remarkable Persons.
+
+      THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,
+      FOR SEPTEMBER, 1851,
+
+  Contains the following articles: 1. Who was Sir Miles Hobart? 2.
+  Palgrave's Normandy and England; 3. Petition against the return of
+  George Gascoigne the Poet to Parliament; 4. Municipal Franchises
+  of the Middle Ages illustrated by Documents from the Archives of
+  Leicester; 5. Ulrich von Hutten; 6. Original Papers about William
+  Penn, contributed by Hepworth Dixon; 7. Edward Bickersteth; 8.
+  Christian Iconography and Legendary Art: the Four Evangelists, by
+  J. G. Waller; 9. Breydenbach's Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, with
+  two Plates; 10. Literary Admission to the Public Records; 11.
+  Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban; 12. Notes of the Month. With a
+  full Report of the Proceedings of the Archæological Institute at
+  Bristol and at Wells; Historical Chronicle; and OBITUARY,
+  including Memoirs of Sir Edward Stracey, Dr. Lingard, Sir Francis
+  Simpkinson, Q.C., Mr. Rogers, Q.C., Mrs. Harriet Lee, T. W.
+  Hill, Esq., and other eminent persons.
+
+      THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,
+      FOR OCTOBER, 1851,
+
+  Contains the following articles:--1. Original Letters of Edmund
+  Burke, relative to his office of Paymaster General; 2. Ulrich Von
+  Hutten, Part II. The Wurtemburg Tragedy; 3. Monk and the
+  Restoration; 4. Historical Illustrations of the reign of Henry
+  VII., his Visit to York in 1487; 5. Recent Discoveries near Rome,
+  communicated by Benjamin Gibson, Esq., with Engravings; 6. Memoir
+  of Bishop Copleston; 7. Memoir of Colonel Springett the Puritan,
+  by his Daughter; 8. Original Letters of King James II. relating to
+  the Siege of Derry; 9. Bolton Church, Lincolnshire, with a Plate.
+  With various Correspondence; Notes of the Month; Reports of the
+  Archæological Meetings at Derby, Bristol, Tenby, Ely, Swaffham,
+  Leighton Buzzard, &c. &c.; Historical Chronicle; and OBITUARY,
+  including Memoirs of the Earl of Clare, Rear-Admiral Lord John
+  Hay, Hon. Keppel Craven, Sir Henry Jardine, Charles Koenig, Esq.,
+  F.R.S., Dr. O'Sullivan, Dr. Edward Johnstone, Edward Quillinan,
+  Esq., Mons. Daguerre, &c. &c.
+
+  THE GENTLEMEN'S MAGAZINE is published on the 1st of every month by
+  NICHOLS & SON, 25. Parliament Street, Westminster, price 2_s._
+  6_d._, and may be ordered of any Bookseller.
+
+
+NEW WORKS NEARLY READY.
+
+  I.
+
+  SIR J. RICHARDSON'S JOURNAL OF A BOAT VOYAGE THROUGH RUPERT'S LAND
+  and along the Central Arctic Coasts in Search of the Discovery
+  Ships under SIR J. FRANKLIN. With coloured Plates, Maps, and
+  Woodcuts. 2 vols. 8vo.
+
+  II.
+
+  A NATURALIST'S SOJOURN IN JAMAICA. BY P. H. GOSSE, Esq., Author of
+  "Popular British Ornithology," &c. With coloured Plates. Post 8vo.
+
+  III.
+
+  LECTURES ON THE HISTORY OF FRANCE, delivered in the University of
+  Cambridge. By the Right Hon. SIR JAMES STEPHEN, K.C.B., LL.D.,
+  Professor of Modern History in the University of Cambridge. 2
+  vols. 8vo.
+
+  IV.
+
+  THE REV. C. MERIVALE'S HISTORY OF THE ROMANS UNDER THE EMPIRE.
+  Vol. III. completing the History to the Establishment of the
+  Monarchy of Augustus. 8vo.
+
+  V.
+
+  BISHOP THIRLWALL'S HISTORY OF GREECE. An Improved Library Edition;
+  with Maps. Vol. VI. 8vo. In October.
+
+  [Star symbol] The concluding Volumes (VII. and VIII.) will be ready
+  shortly.
+
+  VI.
+
+  SHARON TURNER'S HISTORY OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS, from the Earliest
+  Period to the Norman Conquest. Seventh Edition. 3 vols. 8vo.
+
+  VII.
+
+  WESLEY AND METHODISM. By ISAAC TAYLOR, Author of "Loyola and
+  Jesuitism," &c. Post 8vo. Portrait.
+
+  VIII.
+
+  HIPPOLYTUS AND HIS AGE; or, Doctrine and Practice of the Church of
+  Rome under Commodus and Alexander Severus. By C. C. J. BUNSEN,
+  D.C.L. 2 vols. post 8vo.
+
+  IX.
+
+  TREATISE ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICAL INFLUENCE OF TAXATION AND
+  THE FUNDING SYSTEM. By J. R. M'CULLOCH, Esq. New and Improved
+  Edition. 8vo.
+
+  X.
+
+  TREATISE ON THE CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH DETERMINE THE RULE OF WAGES
+  AND THE CONDITION OF THE LABOURING CLASSES. By J. R. M'CULLOCH,
+  Esq.
+
+  XI.
+
+  MR. J. A. SHARP'S NEW AND COMPLETE GAZETTEER, or Topographical
+  Dictionary of the British Islands and Narrow Seas; comprising
+  above 60,000 Names of Places. 2 vols. 8vo. uniform with Johnston's
+  "New General Gazetteer."
+
+  XII.
+
+  THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES; or, Rolls of the Official Personages of the
+  British Empire. Being a New Edition, improved and continued, of
+  BEAT-ON'S POLITICAL INDEX. By JOSEPH HAYDN. In One Volume, 8vo.
+
+  XIII.
+
+  ENGLISH AGRICULTURE IN 1850 AND 1851, its Condition and Prospects.
+  By JAMES CAIRD, Agricultural Commissioner of "The Times," and
+  Author of "High Farming, under Liberal Covenants." 8vo.
+
+  XIV.
+
+  HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH RAILWAY: its Social Relations and
+  Revelations. By JOHN FRANCIS, Author of "History of the Bank of
+  England." 2 vols. 8vo.
+
+  London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.
+
+
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the city of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September 27, 1851.
+
+
+
+
+      [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV]
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |
+      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 88  | July  5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 89  | July 12, 1851      |  17- 31 | PG # 37568 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 90  | July 19, 1851      |  33- 47 | PG # 37593 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 91  | July 26, 1851      |  49- 79 | PG # 37778 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 92  | August  2, 1851    |  81- 94 | PG # 38324 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 93  | August  9, 1851    |  97-112 | PG # 38337 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 94  | August 16, 1851    | 113-127 | PG # 38350 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 95  | August 23, 1851    | 129-144 | PG # 38386 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 96  | August 30, 1851    | 145-167 | PG # 38405 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No.  97 | Sept.  6, 1851     | 169-183 | PG # 38433 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  98 | Sept. 13, 1851     | 185-200 | PG # 38491 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  99 | Sept. 20, 1851     | 201-216 | PG # 38574 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]             | PG # 13536 |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850     | PG # 13571 |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851     | PG # 26770 |
+      +------------------------------------------------+------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number
+100, September 27, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, SEPT 27, 1851 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 38656-0.txt or 38656-0.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/6/5/38656/
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/38656-0.zip b/38656-0.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39544b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38656-0.zip
diff --git a/38656-8.txt b/38656-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..236aec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38656-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4313 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 100,
+September 27, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 100, September 27, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: January 23, 2012 [EBook #38656]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, SEPT 27, 1851 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been
+standardized. In the Niniveh Inscriptions character frequency list the
+Hebrew letters "Resh" and "Gimel" seem to be missing, while characters
+marked with [?] may have been used more than once. Characters with
+macrons have been marked in brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a
+letter e with a macron on top. Underscores have been used to indicate
+_italic_ fonts. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has
+been added at the end.]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
+
+FOR
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+VOL. IV.--No. 100. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27. 1851.
+
+Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition 7_d._
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                                Page
+
+
+      Our Hundredth Number                                       217
+
+      NOTES:--
+
+      Notes on the Calendar, by Professor de Morgan              218
+
+      Inedited Letters of Swift                                  218
+
+      Nineveh Inscriptions, by T. J. Buckton                     220
+
+      Inedited Letter of Alfieri                                 222
+
+      Stanzas in Childe Harold                                   223
+
+      Notes on Oxford Edition of Jewel                           225
+
+      Anagrams, by Henry H. Breen                                226
+
+      Folk Lore:--Cure for Hooping Cough--Cure for the
+      Toothache--Medical Use of Pigeons--Obeism                  227
+
+      Notes on Julin, No. II., by K. R. H. Mackenzie             228
+
+      Minor Notes:--Curious Epitaph in Dalkeith Churchyard--Device
+      of SS.--Lord Edward Fitzgerald--The Michaelmas
+      Goose--Gravesend Boats--Scullcups                          230
+
+      QUERIES:--
+
+      Minor Queries:--Equestrian Figure of Elizabeth--Indian
+      Ants--Passage in George Herbert--The King's-way,
+      Wilts--Marriages within ruined Churches--Fees
+      for Inoculation--"Born in the Eighth Climate"--Aubrey
+      de Montdidier's Dog--Sanford's Descensus--Parish
+      Registers--Briefs for Collections--Early Printing
+      Presses--Bootikins--Printers' Privilege--Death of
+      Pitt--"A Little Bird told me"--Baroner--William III.
+      at Exeter--History of Hawick--Johannes Lychtenberger
+      --Lestourgeon the Horologist--Physiological Query--De
+      Grammont's Memoirs--"Frightened out of his Seven
+      Senses"--Fides Carbonaria--Bourchier Family--Warnings
+      to Scotland--Herschel anticipated--Duke of Wellington      231
+
+      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--An Early Printer--"Nimble
+      Ninepence"--Prince Rupert's Balls--Knock
+      under--Freemasons                                          234
+
+      REPLIES:--
+
+      Conquest of Scotland                                       234
+
+      Borough-English                                            235
+
+      Pendulum Demonstration                                     235
+
+      Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor                          235
+
+      Collars of SS.                                             236
+
+      Written Sermons                                            237
+
+      Replies to Minor Queries:--Authoress of "A Residence on
+      the Shores of the Baltic"--Winifreda--Querelle
+      d'Alleman--Coins of Constantius II.--Proverb, what
+      constitutes one?--Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe--Pope's
+      Translations of Horace--M. Lominus, Theologus--Corpse
+      passing makes a Right of Way--Horology--Curfew--"Going
+      the whole Hog"--John Bodley--Language of Ancient
+      Egypt--William Hone--Bensley--John Lilburne--School
+      of the Heart--Sir W. Raleigh in Virginia--Siege
+      of Londonderry--Cowper Law--Decretorum Doctor--Nightingale
+      and Thorn--Carli the Economist--Tale of a Tub--Wyle
+      Cop--Visiting Cards--Absalom's Hair--MS. Book of
+      Sentences--The Winchester Execution--Locke's MSS.--Peal of
+      Bells--Pope's "honest Factor"--Bells in Churches--Passage
+      from Virgil--Duke of Berwick--Nullus and
+      Nemo--Grimsdyke--Coke, how pronounced--Marcus �lius
+      Antoninus                                                  237
+
+      MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     245
+
+      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               245
+
+      Notices to Correspondents                                  246
+
+      Advertisements                                             246
+
+
+
+
+OUR HUNDREDTH NUMBER.
+
+  It is the privilege of age to be garrulous; and as we have this
+  week reached our Hundredth Number--an age to which comparatively
+  few Periodicals ever attain--we may be pardoned if, on thus
+  completing our first _Century of Inventions_, we borrow a few
+  words from the noble author of that well-known work, and beg you,
+  Gentle Reader, "to cast your gracious eye over this summary
+  collection and there to pick and choose:" and when you have done
+  so, to admit that, thanks to the kind assistance of our friends
+  and correspondents, we have not only (like Master Lupton)
+  presented you with _A Thousand Notable Things_, but fulfilled the
+  objects which we proposed in the publication of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES."
+
+  During the hundred weeks our paper has existed we have received
+  from Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Holland, Belgium, and France--from
+  the United States--from India--from Australia--from the West
+  Indies--from almost every one of our Colonies--letters expressive
+  of the pleasure which the writers (many of them obviously scholars
+  "ripe and good," though far removed from the busy world of
+  letters), derive from the perusal of "_Notes and Queries_;" and it
+  is surely a good work to put to students so situated,
+
+          "---- all the learning that our time
+      Can make them the receivers of."
+
+  And, on the other hand, our readers cannot but have noticed how
+  many a pertinent Note, suggestive Query, and apt Reply have
+  reached us from the same remote quarters.
+
+  Our columns have, however, not only thus administered to the
+  intellectual enjoyment of our brethren abroad, but they have
+  rendered good service to men of letters here at home: and We could
+  set forth a goodly list of works of learning and research--from
+  Mr. Cunningham's _Handbook of London Past and Present_, published
+  when we had been but a few months in existence, down to Wyclyffe's
+  _Three Treatises on the Church_, recently edited by the Rev. Dr.
+  Todd--in which the utility of "NOTES AND QUERIES" is publicly
+  recognised in terms which are highly gratifying to us.
+
+  We do not make these statements in any vainglorious spirit. We
+  believe our success is due to the manner in which, thanks to the
+  ready assistance of zealous and learned Friends and
+  Correspondents, we have been enabled to supply a want which all
+  literary men have felt more or less: and believing that the more
+  we are known, and the wider our circulation, the greater will be
+  our usefulness, and the better shall we be enabled to serve the
+  cause we seek to promote. We feel we may fairly invite increased
+  support for "NOTES AND QUERIES" on the grounds of what it has
+  already accomplished.
+
+  And so, wishing ourselves many happy returns of this
+  Centenary--and that you, Gentle Reader, may be spared to enjoy
+  them, We bid you heartily Farewell!
+
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+NOTE ON THE CALENDAR.
+
+What every one learns from the almanac, over and above Easter and its
+consequences for the current year, is that what happens this year is no
+index at all to what will happen next year. And even those who preserve
+their almanacs, and compare them in long series, never have been able,
+so far as I know, to lay hands upon any law connecting the Easters of
+different years, without having had recourse to the very complicated law
+on which the whole calendar is constructed.
+
+Nevertheless there does exist a simple relation which reduces the
+uncertainty in the proportion of five to two; so that by means of one
+past almanac, we may name _two_ Sundays, one or the other of which must
+be Easter Sunday. I have never seen this relation noticed, though I have
+read much (for these days) on the calendar: has any one of your readers
+ever met with it?
+
+Let us make a _cycle_ of the days on which Easter day can fall, so that
+when we come to the last (April 25), we begin again at the first (March
+22). Thus, six days in advance of April 23, comes March 25; seven days
+behind March 24, comes April 21.
+
+The following is the _rule_, after which come two cases of
+_exception_:--
+
+Take any year which is _not_ leap year, then, by passing over _eleven_
+years, we either leave Easter day unaltered, or throw it back a week;
+and it is nearly three to one that we have to leave it unaltered. Thus
+1941 is not leap year, and eleven years more give 1952; both have April
+13 for Easter day; but of 1943 and 1954, the first gives April 25, the
+second April 18.
+
+Take any year which _is_ leap year, then, by passing over _eleven_
+years, we either throw Easter one day forward, or six days back; and it
+is about three to two that it will be thrown forward. Thus 1852 (leap
+year) gives April 11, but 1863 gives April 5.
+
+But when, in passing over eleven years, we pass over 1700, 1800, or any
+Gregorian omission of leap year, the common year takes the rule just
+described for leap year; while, if we begin with leap year, the passage
+over eleven years throws Easter _two_ days forward, or _five_ days back.
+There is another class of single exceptions, occurring at long
+intervals, which it is hardly worth while to examine. The only case
+which occurs between 1582 and 2000, is when the first year is 1970.
+
+Any number of instances may be taken from my _Book of Almanacs_, and the
+general rule may be easily seen to belong also to the old style. Those
+who understand the construction of the calendar will very easily find
+the explanation of the whole.
+
+    A. DE MORGAN.
+
+
+INEDITED LETTERS OF SWIFT.
+
+  [By the great kindness of a correspondent who has placed at our
+  disposal two hitherto inedited letters written by Swift, we are
+  enabled to present the following literal copies of them to our
+  readers.
+
+  They are obviously addressed to Frances Lady Worsley, only
+  daughter of Thomas Lord Viscount Weymouth, and wife of Sir Robert
+  Worsley, Baronet, and the mother of Lady Carteret. In Sir Walter
+  Scott's edition of Swift's _Works_ (vol. xvii. p. 302.) will be
+  found one letter from the Dean of St. Patrick to Lady Worsely; and
+  in vol. xviii. p. 26. is the letter from that lady to the Dean
+  which accompanied the escritoire alluded to in the second of the
+  two letters which we now print. This appears from Swift's
+  endorsement of it--"Lady Worsley, with a present of a writing-box
+  japanned by herself."]
+
+"Madam,--It is now three years and a half since I had the Honor to see
+Your Ladyship, and I take it very ill that You have not finished my Box
+above a Month. But this is allways the way that You Ladyes treat your
+adorers in their absence. However upon Mrs. Barber's account I will
+pardon You, because she tells me it is the handsomest piece of work she
+ever saw; and because you have accepted the honor to be one of her
+protectors, and are determined to be one of her principall recommenders
+and encouragers. I am in some doubt whether envy had not a great share
+in your work, for you were I suppose informed that my Lady Carteret had
+made for me with her own hands the finest box in Ireland; upon which you
+grew jealous, and resolved to outdo her by making for me the finest box
+in England; for so Mrs. Barber assures me. In short, I am quite
+overloaden with favors from Your Ladyship and your Daughter; and what is
+worse, those loads will lye upon my Shoulders as long as I live. But I
+confess my self a little ungrateful, because I cannot deny Your Ladyship
+to have been the most constant of all my Goddesses, as I am the most
+constant of all your Worshippers. I hope the Carterets and the Worsleys
+are all happy and in health, and You are obliged to let Sir Robert
+Worsley know that I am his most humble Servant; but You need say nothing
+of my being so long his Rival. I hear my friend Harry is returning from
+the fiery Zone, I hope with more money than he knows what to do with;
+but whether his vagabond Spirit will ever fix is a question. I beg your
+Ladyship will prevail on S'r Robert Worsley to give me a Vicarage in the
+Isle of Wight; for I am weary of living at such a distance from You. It
+need not be above forty pounds a year.
+
+"As to Mrs. Barber, I can assure you she is but one of four Poetesses in
+this town, and all Citizens' wives; but she has the vogue of being the
+best: yet one of them is a Scholar, and hath published a new edition of
+Tacitus, with a Latin dedication to My Lord Carteret.
+
+"I require that Your Ladyship shall still preserve me some little corner
+in your memory; and do not think to put me off onely with a Box, which I
+can assure you will not contribute in the least to[1] ... my esteem and
+regard for Your Ladyship.... I have been always, and shall ever remain,
+
+      "Madam,
+
+      "Your Lady ...
+
+      "Obedient and ...
+      humble...
+      JON'N....
+
+"Dublin, May 1're, 1731."
+
+  [Footnote 1: A small portion of the original letter has been lost.]
+
+  [As Lady Worsley's letter serves to explain several allusions in
+  Swift's letters, and is obviously the one to which the second
+  letter we print is the reply, we here insert it.]
+
+"August 6th, 1732.
+
+"Sir,--I flatter myself, that if you had received my last letter, you
+would have favoured me with an answer; therefore I take it for granted
+it is lost.
+
+"I was so proud of your commands, and so fearful of being supplanted by
+my daughter, that I went to work immediately, that her box might not
+keep her in your remembrance, while there was nothing to put you in mind
+of an old friend and humble servant. But Mrs. Barber's long stay here
+(who promised me to convey it to you) has made me appear very negligent.
+I doubt not but you think me unworthy of the share (you once told me) I
+had in your heart. I am yet vain enough to think I deserve it better
+than all those flirting girls you coquet with. I will not yield (even)
+to _dirty Patty_, whom I was the most jealous of when you were last
+here. What if I am a great-grandmother, I can still distinguish your
+merit from all the rest of the world; but it is not consistent with your
+good-breeding to put one in mind of it, therefore I am determined not to
+use my interest with Sir Robert for a living in the Isle of Wight[2],
+though nothing else could reconcile me to the place. But if I could make
+you Archbishop of Canterbury, I should forget my resentments, for the
+sake of the flock, who very much want a careful shepherd. Are we to have
+the honour of seeing you, or not? I have fresh hopes given me; but I
+dare not please myself too much with them, lest I should be again
+disappointed. If I had it as much in my power as my inclination to serve
+Mrs. Barber, she should not be kept thus long attending; but I hope her
+next voyage may prove more successful. She is just come in, and tells me
+you have sprained your foot, which will prevent your journey till next
+summer; but assure yourself the Bath is the only infallible cure for
+such an accident. If you have any regard remaining for me, you will shew
+it by taking my advice; if not, I will endeavour to forget you, if I
+can. But, till that doubt is cleared, I am as much as ever, the Dean's
+
+      "Obedient humble Servant,
+
+      "F. WORSLEY."
+
+  [Footnote 2: Where her husband, Sir Robert Worsley, possessed the
+  estate of Appuldercombe.]
+
+"Madam,--I will never tell, but I will always remember how many years
+have run out since I had first the honor and happiness to be known to
+Your Ladyship, which however I have a thousand times wished to have
+never happened, since it was followed by the misfortune of being
+banished from You for ever. I believe you are the onely Lady in England
+that for a thousand years past hath so long remembered a useless friend
+in absence, which is too great a load of favor for me and all my
+gratitude to support.
+
+"I can faithfully assure your Ladyship that I never received from You
+more than one letter since I saw you last; and that I sent you a long
+answer. I often forget what I did yesterday, or what passed half an hour
+ago; and yet I can well remember a hundred particulars in Your
+Ladyship's company. This is the memory of those who grow old. I have no
+room left for new Ideas. I am offended with one passage in Your
+Ladyship's letter; but I will forgive You, because I do not believe the
+fact, and all my acquaintance here joyn with me in my unbelief. You make
+excuses for not sooner sending me the most agreeable present that ever
+was made, whereas it is agreed by all the curious and skilfull of both
+sexes among us, that such a piece of work could not be performed by the
+most dextrous pair of hands and finest eyes in Christendom, in less than
+a year and a half, at twelve hours a day. Yet Mrs. Barber, corrupted by
+the obligations she hath to you, would pretend that I over reckon six
+months, and six hours a day. Be that as it will, our best virtuosi are
+unanimous that the Invention exceeds, if possible, the work itself. But
+to all these praises I coldly answer, that although what they say be
+perfectly true, or indeed below the truth, yet if they had ever seen or
+conversed with Your Ladyship as I have done, they would have thought
+this escritoire a very poor performance from such hands, such eyes, and
+such an imagination. To speak my own thoughts, the work itself does not
+delight me more than the little cares you were pleased to descend to in
+contriving ways to have it conveyed so far without damage, whereof it
+received not the least from without; what there was came from within;
+for one of the little rings that lifts a drawer for wax, hath touched a
+part of one of the Pictures, and made a mark as large as the head of a
+small pin; but it touches onely an end of a cloud; and yet I have been
+carefull to twist a small thread of silk round that wicked ring, who
+promiseth to do so no more.
+
+"Your Ladyship wrongs me in saying that I twitted you with being a
+great-grandmother. I was too prudent and carefull of my own credit to
+offer the least hint upon that head, while I was conscious that I might
+have been great-grandfather to you.
+
+"I beg you, Madam, that there may be no quarrells of jealousy between
+Your Ladyship and My Lady Carteret: I set her at work by the authority I
+claymed over her as your daughter. The young woman showed her
+readynesse, and performed very well for a new beginner, and deserves
+encouragement. Besides, she filled the Chest with Tea, whereas you did
+not send me a single pen, a stick of wax, or a drop of Ink; for all
+which I must bear the charge out of my own pocket. And after all if Your
+Ladyship were not by I would say that My Lady Carteret's Box (as you
+disdainfully call it instead of a Tea-chest) is a most beautiful piece
+of work, and is oftener used than yours, because it is brought down for
+tea after dinner among Ladyes, whereas my escritoire never stirrs out of
+my closet, but when it is brought for a sight. Therefore I again desire
+there may be no family quarrells upon my account.
+
+"As to Patty Blount, you wrong her very much. She was a neighbor's
+child, a good Catholick, an honest Girl, and a tolerable Courtier at
+Richmond. I deny she was dirty, but a little careless, and sometimes
+wore a ragged gown, when she and I took long walks. She saved her money
+in summer onely to be able to keep a Chair at London in winter: this is
+the worst you can say; and she might have a whole coat to her back if
+her good nature did not make her a fool to her mother and sanctifyed
+sister Teresa. And she was the onely Girl I coquetted in the whole half
+year that I lived with Mr. Pope in Twitenham, whatever evil tongues
+might have informed your Ladyship, in hopes to set you against me. And
+after this usage, if I accept the Archbishoprick of Canterbury from your
+Ladyship's hands, I think you ought to acknowledge it as a favor.
+
+"Are you not weary, Madam? Have you patience to read all this? I am
+bringing back past times; I imagine myself talking with you as I used to
+do; but on a sudden I recollect where I am sitting, banished to a
+country of slaves and beggars; my blood soured, my spirits sunk,
+fighting with Beasts like St. Paul, not at Ephesus, but in Ireland.
+
+"I am not of your opinion, that the flocks (in either Kingdom) want
+better Shepherds; for, as the French say, '� tels brebis tel pasteur:'
+and God be thanked that I have no flock at all, so that I neither can
+corrupt nor be corrupted.
+
+"I never saw any person so full of acknowledgment as Mrs. Barber is for
+Your Ladyship's continued favors to her, nor have I known any person of
+a more humble and gratefull spirit than her, or who knows better how to
+distinguish the Persons by whom she is favored. But I will not honor
+myself so far, or dishonor you so much, as to think I can add the least
+weight to your own naturall goodness and generosity.
+
+"You must, as occasion serves, Present my humble respects to My Lord and
+Lady Carteret, and my Lady Dysert, and to S'r Robert Worsley.
+
+"I am, and shall be ever, with the truest respect, esteem, and
+gratitude,
+
+      "Madam,
+
+      "Your Ladyship's most obedient
+          and most humble Servant,
+
+      "JONATH. SWIFT.
+
+"Dublin, Nov. 4're, 1732.
+
+"I know not where my old friend Harry Worsley is, but I am his most
+humble servant."
+
+  [On the back of the Letter is the following Postscript.]
+
+"Madam,--I writ this Letter two months ago, and was to send it by Mrs.
+Barber; but she falling ill of the gout, and I deferring from day to
+day, expecting her to mend, I was at last out of patience. I have sent
+it among others by a private hand.
+
+"I wish Your Ladyship and all your family many happy new years.
+
+"Jan. 8'e, 1732."
+
+
+NINEVEH INSCRIPTIONS.
+
+The accumulation of these treasures in London and Paris, leads to the
+belief that they will soon be decyphered. The following remarks are
+offered in promotion of so desirable an object. It must be premised that
+a printer, when requiring type from the type-founder for English books,
+does not order the same quantity for each letter; but, according to a
+scale adapted to the requirements of printing, he orders only so many of
+each letter as he is likely to use. That scale may be nearly represented
+in the following way: the letter _z_ being the one least used in
+English, he will require
+
+      Twice the number of letter z for letter x
+      Twice also     --              --       j
+       2-1/2 times   --              --       q
+       4      "      --              --       k
+       6      "      --              --       v
+       8      "      --              --       b
+       8-1/2  "      --              --       p
+       8-1/2  "      --              --       g
+      10      "      --              --       y
+      10      "      --              --       w
+      15      "      --              --       m
+      15      "      --              --       c
+      17      "      --              --       u
+      20-1/2  "      --              --       l
+      21      "      --              --       f
+      22      "      --              --       d
+      31      "      --              --       r
+      32      "      --              --       h
+      40      "      --              --       s
+      40      "      --              --       n
+      40      "      --              --       o
+      41-1/2  "      --              --       i
+      42-1/2  "      --              --       a
+      45      "      --              --       t
+      60      "      --              --       e
+
+Suppose now a person to write English in cypher, using unknown
+characters for the well-known letters; it would be easy to decypher his
+writing, _if of sufficient length_ to make the general rule acted on in
+the printing trade applicable. The decypherer, by selecting each
+distinct unknown character, and numbering them respectively, would find
+that the character oftenest occurring was _e_, the next oftenest _t_,
+and so on to the character having the lowest number, being least used,
+which would of course be _z_. Persons accustomed to decypher European
+correspondence for diplomatic purposes, will pronounce best on the
+practicability of this method for the decyphering of modern languages.
+
+It is proposed then to apply the same method in the several languages
+_supposed_ nearest of kin to that of the Nineveh inscriptions. Without
+entering into the reasons for that opinion, it may suffice, for the
+present purpose of illustration, to assume that the language of these
+inscriptions is Chaldee. To apply this method the numbers of each letter
+occurring in the Targum of Onkelos on Genesis, or the whole Pentateuch,
+should be taken. This enumeration has been made as regards the Hebrew
+(see Bagster's _Family Bible_, at the end of Deuteronomy). The readiest
+mode of effecting such enumeration would be to employ twenty-two persons
+knowing the Chaldee letters, and to assign a letter to each, calling out
+to them each letter as it occurred in Onkelos, whilst each person kept
+count of his own letter on a tally, and summing up the total gave in the
+result to the reader _at the end of each chapter_. This would be
+necessary with a view to ascertain what _quantity_ of unknown
+inscription was required to evolve the rule, as the proposed method is
+clearly inapplicable when the quantity of matter to be decyphered is
+inconsiderable.
+
+Having gone over sufficient ground to satisfy himself of the
+_certainty_ of the rule, the decypherer would next count the
+numbers of each distinct character in all the cuneiform
+inscriptions accessible to him, making allowance for _final_
+letters, also for vowel points which may be attached to the
+character, as in Ethiopic. Assuming the rule in Chaldee to be the
+same as in Hebrew (it is in fact very different), he would find
+the character oftenest occurring in the Nineveh inscriptions to be
+[Hebrew: Vav], the next [Hebrew: Mem], the rest in the following
+order as to frequency of occurrence, [Hebrew: Yod], [Hebrew: Tav],
+[Hebrew: Kaf], [Hebrew: He], [Hebrew: Alef], [Hebrew: Nun],
+[Hebrew: Lamed]; [Hebrew: Bet ?], [Hebrew: Dalet ?], [Hebrew:
+Shin], [Hebrew: Bet ?], [Hebrew: Het ?], [Hebrew: Qof], [Hebrew:
+Zayin], [Hebrew: Pe], [Hebrew: Dalet ?], [Hebrew: Tsadi], [Hebrew:
+Ayin], [Hebrew: Samekh], [Hebrew: Tet]; the first letter, [Hebrew:
+Vav], _vau_, occurring nearly seven times as often as [Hebrew:
+Tet], _teth_. The order of the letters would, in fact, vary much
+from this in Chaldee; the servile letters being different would
+alone much disturb the assumed order, actually ascertained
+nevertheless, as respects the Hebrew letters, in the five books of
+Moses. One word as to the order in which the several languages
+should be experimented on. The Chaldee would be the first, and
+next in succession, (2) the Syriac, (3) the Ethiopic, (4) the
+Arabic, (5) the Hebrew (_die jungste Schwester_[3]), and (6) the
+Pehlvi. The Indo-European languages would, in case of failure in
+the above, claim next attention: of these first the _Zend_, next
+(2) the Sanscrit, then (3) the Armenian, &c. &c.
+
+  [Footnote 3: Adelung in _Mithridates_.]
+
+The resemblance of many of the characters on the Babylonian
+bricks, as well as on the stones of Nineveh, is very great to the
+characters known in our Bibles as Hebrew, but which are in fact
+not Hebrew but Chaldee, and were introduced by the Jews subsequent
+to their Babylonish captivity: the original Hebrew character was
+that still existing on coins, and nearly approximates in many
+respects to the Samaritan character. In some MSS. collated by
+Kennicott, he found the tetragrammaton "Jehovah" written in this
+ancient character, whilst the rest was Chaldee. The characteristic
+of the unknown letters is their resemblance to nails, to
+arrow-heads, and to wedges, from which, indeed, they are commonly
+designated. In the Chaldee (the Hebrew of our Bibles) this is also
+strikingly visible, notwithstanding the effect of time in wearing
+down the arridges: thus, in the oftenest recurring letter,
+[Hebrew: Vav], in the left leg of the [Hebrew: Tav], in [Hebrew:
+Ayin], in [Hebrew: Tsadi], in [Hebrew: Tet], in [Hebrew: Nun], in
+[Hebrew: Mem], and especially in [Hebrew: Shin], the cuneiform
+type is most clearly traceable. One of the unknown characters,
+[Shin-like Symbol], seems almost identical with [Hebrew: Shin],
+allowance being made for the cursive form which written characters
+assume after centuries of use.
+
+The horn is very conspicuous on the heads of men in the Nineveh (Asshur)
+sculptures, still, as a fashion, retained in Ethiopia (Cush,
+Abyssinia[4]), the origin of the Chaldeans, through Nimrod the Cushite
+(Gen. x. 8.), who probably derived their chief sustenance from the river
+Tigris (Hiddekel). Subsistence from (1) fishing, (2) hunting (_e.g._
+Nimrod), (3) grazing, and (4) agriculture, seems to have succeeded in
+the order named. The repeated appearance of _fish_ on the same
+sculptures, is in allusion, doubtless, to the name Nineveh (= fish +
+habitation); and their worship of the half-man, half-fish (the fabulous
+mermaid or merman), to which many of the _Cetace�_ bear a close
+resemblance (the sea-horse for example), common with them and the
+Phoenicians (in the latter tongue named Dagon), is probably allusive, in
+their symbolic style, to the abstract notion of _fecundity_, so general
+an element of veneration in all the known mythological religions of
+ancient and modern times. See Nahum _passim_.
+
+  [Footnote 4: Alexander the Great adopted the horns as Jupiter
+  Ammon. See Vincent's _Periplus of the Erythrean Sea_, and
+  frontispiece. The women of Lebanon have, it appears, retained the
+  fashion. See _Pict. Bible_ on Zech. i. 18.]
+
+From an attentive examination of these monuments in the British Museum,
+it appears highly probable that the writing is from left to right, as in
+the Ethiopic and Coptic, and in the Indo-European family generally, and
+is the reverse of all the other Shemitic tongues. This inference is
+derived from the fact that each line (with few exceptions) ranges with
+those above and below, as in a printed book, perpendicularly on the
+_left_, and breaks off on the _right_ hand, as at the termination of a
+sentence, whilst some of the characters seem to stretch beyond the usual
+line of limit to the right, as if the sculptor had made the common error
+of not having _quite_ space enough for a word not divisible.
+
+The daguerreotype might be advantageously used in copying all the
+inscriptions yet discovered, of each of which three or four copies
+should be taken, to obviate mistakes and accidents. These being brought
+to England and carefully examined by the microscope, should be legibly
+engraved and stereotyped, and sent to all the linguists of Europe and
+elsewhere, and copies should also be deposited in all public libraries.
+
+A comparison of the twelve cursive letters in Mr. Layard's _Nineveh_,
+vol. ii. p. 166., with B�ttner's tables at the end of the first volume
+of Eichhorn's _Einleitung in das Alte Testament_ (Leipzic, 1803), has
+led to an unexpected result. The particular table with which the
+comparison was instituted, is No. II. Class i. Phoenician, col. 2.,
+headed "Pal�stin� in nummis;" any person therefore can verify it. This
+result is the following reading in the proper Chaldee character:--
+
+      [Hebrew: RaBKaLBeNO--VeSheeSh--DiN]
+      RaBKaLBeNO--VeSheeSh--DiN.
+
+The meaning is "_Rabbi_ (Mr.) _Kalbeno_"--"_And six_"--"_Judge_."
+Perhaps Kalbeno should be Albeno, the initial letter being obscure. The
+above is put forth as a curious coincidence, not by any means with the
+certainty which a much more extended examination than a dozen letters
+can afford.
+
+    T. J. BUCKTON.
+
+  Lichfield.
+
+
+INEDITED LETTER OF ALFIERI.
+
+  [The circumstances which led to Alfieri's hasty retreat from
+  England in 1771, and to Lord Ligonier's successful application for
+  a divorce, are doubtless familiar to all who have read the very
+  amusing Autobiography of the Italian poet. At all events we must
+  presume so, as they are scarcely of a nature to be reproduced in
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES." Twenty years after that event, when about to
+  embark for the Continent with the Countess of Albany, Alfieri, as
+  he was stepping on board the packet, saw again for the first time
+  since 1771 Lady Ligonier, who was on the quay. They recognised
+  each other, but that was all.
+
+  Alfieri, after describing this event in the 21st chapter of his
+  Autobiography, proceeds:--"Si arrivo a Calais; di dove io molto
+  colpito di quella vista cosi inespettata le volli scrivere per
+  isfogo del cuore, e mandai la mia lettera al Banchiere de Douvres,
+  che glie la rimettesse in proprie mani, e me ne trasmettesse poi
+  la risposta a Bruxelles, dove sarei stato fra pochi giorni. _La
+  mia lettera, di cui mi spiace di non aver serbato copia_ era
+  certamente piena d' affetti, non gia d' amore, ma di una vera e
+  profonda commozione di vederla ancora menare una vita errante e si
+  poco decorosa al suo stato e nascita, e di dolore che io ne
+  sentiva tanto pi� pensando di esserne io stato ancorche
+  innocentement o li cagione o li pretesto."
+
+  The original letter of Alfieri (which we presume he would have
+  inserted in his Autobiography, had he kept a copy of it, seeing
+  that he has there printed Lady Ligonier's reply) is in the
+  possession of a nobleman, a relative of the unfortunate lady; and
+  we are enabled by the kindness of a correspondent to lay before
+  our readers the following copy of it.
+
+  How far it bears out the writer's description of it we do not stop
+  to ask; but certainly if the reader will take the trouble to turn
+  to the conclusion of the chapter to which we have referred, we
+  think he cannot fail to be struck with the difference between the
+  terms in which the quondam lover writes _of_ the lady, and those
+  which he addresses _to_ her in the following Epistle.[5]]
+
+  [Footnote 5: In the only edition of the _Vita_ (12mo. 1809) to
+  which we have an opportunity of referring, this event is
+  represented as occurring in 1791: it will be seen that it really
+  took place in 1792. The lady's reply is there dated (tom. ii. p.
+  193.) "Dover, 25th _April_," instead of 24th _August_.]
+
+"Calais, Mercredi, 24 Aout, 1792.
+
+"Madam,--Mon silence en vous revoyant apr�s vingt ann�es d'absence, a
+�t� le fruit de l'�tonnement, et non pas de l'indiff�rence. C'est un
+sentiment qui m'est inconnu pour les personnes qui m'ont int�ress� une
+fois, et pour vous surtout, dont j'ai � me reprocher toute ma vie
+d'avoir �t� la principale cause de toutes vos vicissitudes. Si j'avois
+eu le courage de m'approcher de vous, ma langue n'auroit certainement
+jamais retrouv� d'expression pour vous rendre tous les mouvemens
+tumultueux de mon �me et de mon coeur � cette apparition si subite et si
+momentan�e. Je n'aurois trouv� que des larmes pour vous dire tout ce que
+je sentais; et en vous le tra�ant confusement sur ce papier, elles
+viennent encore m'interrompre. Ce n'est pourtant pas de l'amour qui me
+parle pour vous, mais c'est un m�lange de sentimens si tendres, de
+souvenirs, de regrets, et d'inqui�tude pour votre sort pr�sent et
+future, que vous pouvez seule comprendre ou diviner. Je n'ai dans le
+cours de ces vingt ans jamais s�u au juste de vos nouvelles. Un mariage
+d'inclination que j'appris que vous aviez fait, devoit faire votre
+bonheur. J'apprends � pr�sent que cela n'a pas rempli vos esp�rances: je
+m'en afflige pour vous. Au nom de Dieu, faites-moi seulement s�avoir si
+vous �tes heureuse au moins; c'est l� l'objet de mes voeux les plus
+ardents. Je ne vous parle point de moi; je ne s�ais pas si mon sort peut
+vous int�resser de m�me; je vous dirai seulement que l'�ge ne me corrige
+point du d�faut de trop sentir; que, malgr� cela, je suis aussi heureux
+que je puis l'�tre, et que rien ne manqueroit � ma f�licit�, si je vous
+s�avois contente et heureuse. Mais au cas que cela ne soit pas,
+adoucissez-moi du moins l'amertume de cette nouvelle en me disant
+express�ment que ce n'est point moi qui en ai �t� la cause, et que vous
+ne d�sesp�rez pas d'�tre encore heureuse et d'accord avec vous-m�me.
+
+"Je finis, parce que j'aurois trop de choses � vous dire, et que ma
+lettre deviendroit plust�t celle d'un p�re, que celle d'un ancien amant.
+Mais la cause de mes paroles �tant dans le sensibilit� de mon coeur, je
+ne doute point que la sensibilit� du v�tre, dont j'ai �t� convaincu, ne
+les re�oive avec indulgence, et avec un reste d'affection que je n'ai
+pas m�rit� de perdre de votre part. Si vous voulez donc me dire quelque
+chose de vous, et que ma lettre ne vous a point d�plu, vous pouvez
+addresser votre r�ponse � Bruxelles, poste restante. Si vous ne jugez
+point �-propos de me r�pondre, faites seulement s�avoir � la personne
+qui vous fera remettre celle-ci, que vous l'avez re�ue. Cela me
+consolera un peu de la douleur que m'a caus� le r�tracement subit de vos
+infortunes, que votre vue a toute r�veill�es dans mon �me. Adieu, donc,
+adieu.
+
+  "VITTORIO ALFIERI."
+
+
+STANZAS IN "CHILDE HAROLD."
+
+There is a famous passage in one of Lord Byron's most famous poems,
+which I am ashamed to confess that, though I am English born, and a
+constant reader of poetry, I cannot clearly understand. It seems to
+present no difficulties to anybody else, for it has been quoted a
+thousand times over and over, without any intimation that it is not as
+clear as light. It is in the sublime Address to the Ocean at the end of
+Canto IV. of _Childe Harold_, stanza 182.:
+
+      "Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee--
+      Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage, what are they?
+      Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since; their shores obey
+      The stranger, slave, or savage; their decay
+      Has dried up realms to deserts:--not so thou,
+      Unchangeable save to thy wild waves' play--
+      Time writes no wrinkle on thine azure brow--
+      Such as creation's dawn beheld, thou rollest now."
+
+I have copied out to the end of the stanza; for in fact it is not easy
+to stop the pen when copying such stanzas as these: but my business is
+with the fourth and fifth lines only. In the fourth line, as you will
+observe, a semicolon is inserted after the word "since." I find it there
+in the first edition of the fourth canto of _Childe Harold_, published
+in 1818; it is there in the standard edition of Lord Byron's _Works_,
+issued by Murray about 1832; it is there in the splendid illustrated
+edition of _Childe Harold_ published by Murray in 1841,--one of the
+finest books of the kind, if not the finest, that has yet done honour to
+the English press. This punctuation is found, therefore, in the earliest
+edition that was issued, and in those on which the most care has been
+bestowed. Yet what is the sense which the lines thus punctuated present?
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them [_i.e._ the empires] while
+          they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since."
+
+They waters wasted many a tyrant? How, in the name of wonder? What sort
+of an occupation is this to assign to the majestic ocean? Does the poet
+mean to assert that anciently it wasted empires, and now it only wastes
+individuals. Absurd! Yet such is the only meaning, as far as I see,
+that can be assigned to the lines as they stand.
+
+If the punctuation be altered, that is, if the semicolon after "since"
+be removed, and a comma placed at the end of the line, the whole becomes
+luminous:
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since their shores obey."
+
+That is (I beg pardon if I am unnecessarily explanatory), "The waters
+wasted these empires while they were free, and since they have been
+enslaved,"--an apt illustration of that indifference to human affairs
+which the poet is attributing to the ocean. The words, "the stranger,
+slave, or savage," which follow in the next line, are to be taken in
+connexion with the phrase "many a tyrant," and as an enumeration of the
+different sorts of tyrants to which these unhappy empires have been
+subjected.
+
+This is my view of the sense of this famous passage: if any of your
+correspondents can point out a better, I can only say "candidus
+imperti," &c.
+
+There was a very elaborate article on Lord Byron's Address to the Ocean
+in _Blackwood's Magazine_ for October, 1848; but the writer, who
+dissects it almost line by line, has somehow, as is the wont of
+commentators, happened to pass over the difficulty which stands right in
+his way. To make up for this, however, he contrives to find new
+difficulties of his own. The following is a specimen:
+
+  "Recite," he says, "the stanza beginning,
+
+      'Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee;'
+
+  and when the sonorous roll has subsided, try to understand it. You
+  will find some difficulty, if we mistake not, in knowing who or
+  what is the apostrophized subject. Unquestionably the world's
+  ocean, and not the Mediterranean. The very last verse we were far
+  in the Atlantic:
+
+      'Thy shores are empires.'
+
+  "The shores of the world's ocean are empires. There are, or have
+  been, the British empire, the German empire, the Russian empire,
+  and the empire of the Great Mogul, the Chinese empire, the empire
+  of Morocco, the four great empires of antiquity, the French
+  empire, and some others. The poet does not intend names and things
+  in this very strict way, however," &c.
+
+What empires the poet _did_ mean there is surely no difficulty in
+discovering, for those who wish to understand rather than to cavil. The
+very next line to that quoted is--
+
+      "_Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage,_ what are they?"
+
+and it would require some hardihood to assert that these empires were
+not on the shores of the Mediterranean.
+
+After all, the best commentators are translators: they are obliged to
+take the difficulties by the horns. I find, in a translation of Byron's
+_Works_ published at Pforzheim in 1842, the lines thus rendered by Dr.
+Duttenhofer:
+
+      "Du bleibst, ob Reiche schwinden an den K�sten,--
+      Assyrien, Hellas, Rom, Carthago--schwand,
+      Die _freien_ k�nnte Wasserfluth verw�sten
+      Wie die Tyrannen; es gehorcht der Strand
+      Dem Fremdling, Sclaven, Wilden," &c.
+
+Duttenhofer has here taken the text as he found it, and has given it as
+much meaning as he could; but alas for those who are compelled to take
+their notion of the poetry of _Childe Harold_ from his German, instead
+of the original English! There is one passage in which the reader finds
+this reflection driven hard upon him. Who is there that does not know
+Byron's stanza on the Dying Gladiator, when, speaking of
+
+      "The inhuman shout which hail'd the wretch who won,"
+
+he adds, in lines which will be read _till_ Homer and Virgil are
+forgotten:
+
+      "He heard it, but he heeded not--his eyes
+      Were with his heart, and that was far away;
+      He reck'd not of the life he lost nor prize,
+      But where his rude hut by the Danube lay,
+      _There_ were his young barbarians all at play,
+      _There_ was their Dacian mother--he, their sire,
+      Butcher'd to make a Roman holiday--
+      All this gush'd with his blood--shall he expire
+      And unavenged? Arise, ye Goths! and glut your ire!"
+
+There are two phrases in this stanza which seem to me to have never been
+surpassed: "young barbarians," and "all this _gushed with his blood_."
+How inimitable is "young barbarians!" The "curiosa felicitas" of Horace
+never carried him farther,--or perhaps so far. Herr Duttenhofer contents
+himself by saying--
+
+                        "fern am Donaustrand
+      Sind seine Kinder, freuend sich am Spiel."
+
+"Afar on the shore of the Danube are _his children_, diverting
+themselves at play." Good heavens! is this translation, and German
+translation too, of which we have heard so much? Again:
+
+                          "wie sein Blut
+      Hinfliesst, denkt er an dies."
+
+"As his blood flows away, he thinks of this!" What could Herr
+Duttenhofer be thinking of?
+
+To my surprise, on turning to the passage this moment in Byron's poems,
+I find it stands--
+
+      "All this _rush'd_ with his blood,"
+
+instead of "_gush'd_." It is so in the original edition, in the _Works_,
+and in the splendid edition of 1841, all three. Can there be any doubt
+of the superiority of "gush'd?" To me there seems none; and, singularly
+enough, it so happens that twice in conversation with two of the most
+distinguished writers of this age--one a prosaist and the other a poet,
+whose names I wish I were at liberty to mention--I have had occasion to
+quote this passage, and they both agreed with me in ascribing the
+highest degree of poetical excellence to the use of this very word. I
+wish I could believe myself the author of such an improvement; but I
+have certainly somewhere seen the line printed as I have given it; very
+possibly in Ebenezer Elliott the Corn-law Rhymer's _Lectures on Poetry_,
+in which I distinctly remember that he quoted the stanza.
+
+    T. W.
+
+
+"NOTES" ON THE OXFORD EDITION OF BISHOP JEWEL'S WORKS.
+
+I send, with some explanation, a few Notes, taken from among others that
+I had marked in my copy of the edition of Bishop Jewel's Works, issued
+by the Oxford university press, 8 vols. 8vo. 1848.
+
+Vol. ii. p. 352., l. 6., has, in Jewel's _Reply to Harding's Answer_,
+Article v., "Of Real Presence," seventh division, the following: "And
+therefore St. Paul saith, 'That I live now, I live in the flesh of the
+Son of God.'" To this the following is appended by the Oxford editor:
+
+  "[Galatians ii. 20 '... And the life which I now live in the flesh
+  I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave
+  himself for me?' It cannot be denied that Jewel is here guilty, to
+  say the least, of very unjustifiable carelessness.]"
+
+The true state of the case is, that Bishop Jewel, in the original _Reply
+to Harding_, published in his lifetime, 1565, had given the text with
+entire correctness--"That I live now in the flesh, I live in the faith
+of the Son of God:" but this, long after the Bishop's death, was
+misprinted in the editions of 1609 and 1611. The Oxford Jewel, moreover,
+of 1848 does not even profess to follow the editions of 1609 and 1611;
+and it is stated, vol. i. p. 130., that "this edition of the Reply in
+passing through the press has been collated with the original one of
+1565." Still in this vital case, where the very question was, what Jewel
+himself had written, it is plain that the early edition of 1565 was
+never consulted. The roughness of the censure might surely in any case
+have been spared. It may be noted (vol. viii. p. 195. Oxf. edit.), that
+Jewel in 1568 wrote to Archbishop Parker: "I beseech your grace to give
+strait orders that the Latin Apology be not printed again in any case,
+before either your grace or some other have well perused it. _I am
+afraid of printers: their tyranny is intolerable._"
+
+In vol. iv. p. 92., l. 1. _et seq._, in the _Recapitulation of Jewel's
+Apology_, the words of the original Latin, "quid de Spiritu sancto,"
+marked in the following extract by Italics, are omitted in the Oxford
+edition "Exposuimus tibi universam rationem religionis nostr�, quid de
+Deo Patre, quid de ejus unico Filio Jesu Christo, _quid de Spiritu
+sancto_, quid de ecclesia, quid de sacramentis ... sentiamus." And in
+vol. vi. p. 523., l. 6., where Bishop Jewel gives that passage as
+rendered by Lady Bacon, namely: "We have declared at large unto you the
+very whole manner of our religion, what our opinion is of God the
+Father, and of his only Son Jesus Christ, _of the Holy Ghost_, of the
+church, of the sacrament," the following is appended:--
+
+  "[In the Latin Apology no words occur here relating to the Third
+  Person of the Blessed Trinity.]"
+
+A similar notice is also given in vol. viii. p. 385.--The fact is, that
+the words "quid de Spiritu sancto" do occur in the Latin Apology, 1562,
+which was the first edition of that work, and, so far as I am aware, the
+only edition printed in Jewel's life, from which too the Oxford reprint
+professes to be taken, and a copy of which any one can consult in the
+British Museum. Those words will also be found, within six or eight
+pages of the end, in the various later editions, as for example those of
+Vautrollier, London, 1581; Forster, Amberg, 1606; Boler, London, 1637;
+and Dring, London, 1692 (which are in my own possession); as also in the
+editions of Bowier, 1584; Chard, 1591; and Hatfield, London, 1599. The
+editions of Jewel's works printed in 1609 and 1611, edited by Fuller,
+under the sanction of Archbishop Bancroft, did not contain the Latin
+Apology. There is not a shadow of authority for the omission. All the
+modern reprints too, with which I am acquainted, only excepting a small
+edition printed at Cambridge, 1818, p. 140., give the words in question.
+It would seem that the Oxford editor must have used the very inaccurate
+reprint of 1818, for supplying copy for the printer[6]; and reference
+either to that first edition of 1562, which the reprint of 1848
+professes to follow, or to any early edition, even in this case, where
+the context clearly requires the omitted words, was neglected.
+
+  [Footnote 6: I have observed another error in the Cambridge
+  edition, 1818, p. 115., last line but five, "domum manere" instead
+  of the original and classical reading, "domi manere." That
+  misprint of 1818 is followed by the Oxford edition of 1848, vol.
+  iv. p. 77. l. 12., Apol. pars vi. cap. 8. div. 1.]
+
+I have said that the Oxford Jewel of 1848 professes to follow the Latin
+Apology of 1562, as a copy of the Latin title, with the date 1562, is
+prefixed to the Oxford edition, vol. iv. p. 1.: but the colophon
+appended to that reprint, p. 95., is strangely dated 1567. Was there any
+Latin edition of the Apology printed in that year? And, if so, why are
+different dates given for the title and colophon of the Oxford reprint?
+One can only conclude that the date 1567 is itself an error.
+
+The following is printed in vol. viii. p. 290., l. 11., from Lady
+Bacon's translation of Jewel's Apology, 1564, part ii. ch. 7. div. 5.:
+"As touching the Bishop of Rome, for all his parasites state and ringly
+sing those words in his ears, 'To thee will I give the keys of the
+kingdom of heaven,'" &c. This case is different from those mentioned
+above, in the respect that the words "state and ringly" do occur in the
+printed edition of 1564; but it scarcely need be observed that the words
+"state & ringly" are a misprint for "flatteringly," when it is added
+that Jewel himself, in his revised edition of Lady Bacon's translation,
+in the _Defence of the Apology_, 1567 and 1570, reads: "for all that his
+flattering parasites sing these words in his ears." The original Latin
+is "quamvis illi suaviter cantilentur illa verba a parasitis suis."
+
+There are also various errors and several omissions in the Oxford Jewel,
+in the verification of the numerous references. Among various notes (I
+would however add) which are inaccurate, and several that appear to me
+superfluous, there are some which are most useful, as, for example, that
+in vol. ii. p. 195., on the Gloss in the Canon Law, "Our Lord God the
+Pope."
+
+    COLET.
+
+
+ANAGRAMS.
+
+You have now completed the third volume of "NOTES AND QUERIES," and, to
+the no small surprise of all lovers of "jeux de mots," not a single
+specimen of the genus Anagram has found its way into your columns. To
+what are we to ascribe such a circumstance? The ancients were not
+ashamed to indulge in this intellectual pastime, and their anagrams,
+says Samuel Maunder, occasionally contained some happy allusion. The
+moderns have given unequivocal proofs of their fecundity in the same
+line, and the anagrammatic labours of the French nation alone would form
+several volumes. Indeed, to that nation belongs the honour of having
+introduced the anagram; and such is the estimation in which "the art"
+was held by them at one time, that their kings were provided with a
+salaried Anagrammatist, as ours are with a pensioned Laureate. How comes
+it then that a species of composition, once so popular, has found no
+representative among the many learned correspondents of your popular
+periodical? Has the anagram become altogether extinct, or is it only
+awaiting the advent of some competent genius to restore it to its proper
+rank in the republic of letters?
+
+To me it is clear that the real cause of the prevailing dearth of
+anagrams is the great difficulty of producing good ones. Good anagrams
+are, to say the least of it, quite as scarce as good epic poems; for, if
+it be true that the utmost efforts of the human intellect have not given
+birth to more than six good epic poems, it is no less true that the
+utmost exertion of human ingenuity has not brought forth more than half
+a dozen good anagrams. Some critics are of opinion that we do possess
+six good epic poems. Now, where shall we find six good anagrams? If they
+exist, let them be _exhibited_ in the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES."
+
+Indeed, it may be said that the anagram and the epic poem are the alpha
+and omega of literature. I am aware that by thus placing them in
+juxtaposition the contrast may have the effect of disparaging the
+anagram. The epic poem will naturally enough suggest the idea of the
+sublime, and the anagram, as naturally, that of the ridiculous: and then
+it will be said that between the two there is but a step. But let any
+gentleman make the experiment, and he will find that, instead of a step,
+the intermediate space will present to his astonished legs a surface
+co-extensive with the wide field of modern mediocrity. As for myself, I
+have ransacked in search of anagrams every hole and corner in ancient
+and modern literature, and have found very few samples worthy of the
+name. Reserving the ancients for future consideration, let us see what
+the moderns have to boast of in this respect.
+
+And first, what says Isaac Disraeli? Anagrams being literary
+curiosities, one would naturally expect to meet with some respectable
+samples of them in that writer's _Curiosities of Literature_. Yet, what
+do we find? Among about a score which he quotes, there is not one that
+can be reckoned a tolerable anagram, while by far the greater number are
+no anagrams at all. An anagram is the change of a word or sentence into
+another word or sentences by an _exact_ transposition of the letters.
+Where a single letter is either omitted or added, the anagram is
+incomplete. Of this description are the following, cited by Disraeli:--
+
+      "Thomas Overburie,
+      "O! O! base murther."
+
+      "Charles James Stewart,
+      "Claims Arthur's Seat."
+
+      "Martha Nicholson,
+      "Soon calm at heart."
+
+I next turned to Samuel Maunder and his _Scientific and Literary
+Treasury_, little suspecting that, in a repertory bearing so ambitious a
+title, I should fail to discover the object of my search. True, he
+quotes the anagram made by Dr. Burney after the battle of the Nile:
+
+      "Horatio Nelson,
+      "Honor est a Nilo."
+
+And this, it must be confessed, is one of the best on record. The
+transposition is complete, and the allusion most apposite. But with that
+exception, what does this pretended _Treasury_ disclose? A silly attempt
+to anagrammatise the name of our beloved queen; thus:
+
+      "Her most gracious Majesty Alexandrina Victoria,
+      "Ah! my extravagant joco-serious radical Minister!"
+
+coupled with the admission that nothing can be more ridiculous or
+inapplicable, and that one-half of the anagrams in existence are not a
+whit less absurd. And yet, for this piece of absurdity, as well as for
+another of the same calibre, on--
+
+      "His Grace the Duke of Wellington,
+      "Well fought, K--! no disgrace in thee,"
+
+Mr. Maunder claims the merit of originality. In other words (which are
+no other than his own), he claims merit for being "puerile,"
+"ridiculous," and "absurd." Alas! for the credit of anagrams! Alas! for
+the reputation of Galileo, Newton, and other philosophers, who could
+make great discoveries, and resort to anagrams to announce them to the
+world, but who were incapable of discovering that an anagram was an
+absurdity!
+
+Finding matters at so low an ebb in our own literature, and that English
+anagrams are little better than Irish bulls, I directed my attention to
+the literary records of the French, among whom the anagrammatic bump is
+very prominent. From its character, and the process of its formation,
+the anagram is peculiarly adapted to the genius of that people. It is
+light and airy: so are they. It is conceited and fantastical: so are
+they. It seems to be what it is not: so do they. Its very essence is
+transposition, involution; what one might call a sort of
+Jump-Jim-Crow-ism: and so is theirs. Hence the partiality which they
+have always shown for the anagram: their Rebuses, Almanacs, Annuaires,
+and collections of trifles are full of them. One-half of the disguises
+adopted by their anonymous writers are in the shape of anagrams, formed
+from their names; and one of them has gone the length of composing and
+publishing a poem of 1200 lines, every line of which contains an
+anagram. The name assumed by the author (Gabriel Antoine Joseph H�cart)
+is L'Anagramme d'Archet; and the book bears the title of _Anagramm�ana,
+Po�me en VIII Chants, XCVe Edition, � Anagrammatopolis, l'An XIV de
+l'Ere anagrammatique_. But it so happens that out of the 1200 anagrams
+not a single one is worth quoting. Qu�rard describes this poem, not
+inaptly, as a "d�bauche d'esprit;" and the author himself calls it "une
+ineptie;" to which I may add the opinion of Richelet, that "l'anagramme
+est une des plus grandes inepties de l'esprit humain: il faut �tre sot
+pour s'en amuser, et pis que sot pour en faire."
+
+With such an appreciation of the value of anagrams, is it surprising
+that the French should have produced so few good ones? M. de Pix�r�court
+mentions two which he deems so unexceptionable, that they might induce
+us to overlook the general worthlessness of that kind of composition.
+They are as follows:
+
+      "B�l�tre,
+
+      "Libert�."
+
+      "Benoist,
+
+      "Bien sot."
+
+Now, the first is only true in France, where true liberty was never
+understood: and the second is true nowhere. _Benoist_ is merely a vulgar
+name, and the adoption of it does not necessarily imply that the bearer
+is a "sot." M. De Pix�r�court might have quoted some better samples; the
+famous one, for instance, on the assassin of Henri III.:--
+
+      "Fr�re Jacques Clement,
+      "C'es l'enfer qui m'a cr��."
+
+Or the following Latin anagrams on the names of two of his most
+distinguished countrymen:--
+
+      "De la Monnoi,
+      "A Delio nomen."
+
+      "Voltaire,
+      "O alte vir!"
+
+I was on the point of relinquishing in despair my search for anagrams,
+when an accidental circumstance put me in possession of one of the best
+specimens I have met with. Some time ago, in an idle mood, I took up a
+newspaper for the purpose of glancing at its contents, and as I was
+about to read, I discovered that I held the paper by the wrong end.
+Among the remarkable headings of news there was one which I was desirous
+of decyphering before I restored the paper to its proper position, and
+this happened to be the word "[inverted: DNALERI]". Instead, however, of
+making out the name from letters thus inverted, I found the anagram--
+
+      "Daniel R."
+
+My first impression, on ascertaining this result, was one of horror at
+the treasonable "jeu de mots" I had so unwittingly perpetrated.
+Remembering, however, that Daniel O'Connell is dead, and that Irish
+loyalty has nothing to fear from Daniel the Second, I resolved to give
+the public the benefit of the discovery by sending it to you for "NOTES
+AND QUERIES."
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, August, 1851.
+
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Cure for Hooping Cough._--It is said by the inhabitants of the forest
+of Bere, East Hants, that new milk drank out of a cup made of the wood
+of the variegated holly is a cure for the hooping cough.
+
+    [Arrow symbol]
+
+_Cure for the Toothache._--In the village of Drumcondra, about a mile
+and half on the northern side of Dublin, there is an old churchyard,
+remarkable as the burying-place of Gandon the architect, Grose the
+antiquary, and Thomas Furlong the translator of Carolan's Remains. On
+the borders of this churchyard there is a well of beautiful water, which
+is resorted to by the folks of the village afflicted with toothache,
+who, on their way across the graves pick up an old skull, which they
+carry with them to drink from, the doing of which they assert to be an
+infallible cure. Others merely resort to the place for the purpose of
+pulling a tooth from a skull, which they place on or over the hole or
+stump of the grown tooth, and they affirm that by keeping it there for a
+certain time the pain ceases altogether. There is a young woman at this
+instant in the employment of my mother, who has practised these two
+remedies, and who tells me she knows several others who have done the
+same.
+
+    C. HOEY.
+
+  Near Drumcondra, County Dublin.
+
+_Medical Use of Pigeons._--
+
+      "Spirante columba
+      Suppositu pedibus, revocantur adima vapores."
+
+  "'They apply pigeons to draw the vapours from the head.'"--Dr.
+  Donne's "Devotions upon Emergent Occasions," _Works_, vol. iii. p.
+  550. Lond. 1839.
+
+Mr. Alford appends to the above-cited passage the following note:
+
+  "After a careful search in Pliny, Burton's _Anatomy of
+  Melancholy_, and Sir Thomas Browne's _Vulgar Errors_, I can find
+  no mention of this strange remedy."
+
+I am inclined to suspect that the application of pigeons was by no means
+an uncommon remedy in cases particularly of fever and delirium. To quote
+one passage from Evelyn:
+
+  "Neither the cupping nor the _pidgeons_, those last of remedyes,
+  wrought any effect."--_Life of Mr. Godolphin_, p. 148. Lond. 1847.
+
+Some of your correspondents may possibly be able to furnish additional
+information respecting this custom; for I am confident of having seen it
+alluded to, though at the moment I cannot remember by whom.
+
+    RT.
+
+  Warmington.
+
+_Obeism._--In the _Medical Times_ of 30th Sept. there is a case of a
+woman who fancied herself under its influence, in which the name (in a
+note) is derived from Obi, the town, district, or province in Africa
+where it was first practised; and there is appended to it the following
+description of one of the superstitions as given by a witness on a
+trial:
+
+  "Do you know the prisoner to be an Obeah man?--Ees, massa; shadow
+  catcher true.
+
+  "What do you mean by shadow catcher?--Him hab coffin [a little
+  coffin was here produced]; him set to catch dem shadow.
+
+  "What shadow do you mean?--When him set Obeah for somebody him
+  catch dem shadow, and dem go dead."
+
+The derivation of the name from a place is very different from the
+supposition so cleverly argued in the Third Vol. connecting it with Ob;
+but I cannot find in any gazetteer to which I at present have had
+access, any place in Africa of the name, or a similar name. I do not
+remember in the various descriptions I have read of the charms
+practised, that one of catching the shadow mentioned.
+
+    E. N. W.
+
+
+NOTES ON JULIN, NO. II.
+
+(Vol. ii., pp. 230. 282. 379. 443.; Vol. iv., p. 171.)
+
+I resume the chain of evidence where I left off in my last
+communication.
+
+The account given by Pomerania's best and most trusty historian, Thomas
+Kanzow, Kantzow, Kamzow, Kansow, Kahnsow, Kantzouw, or Cantzow[7] (born
+1505; died 25th September, 1542), of Stralsund, in his _Pomerania_ (ed.
+Meden, p. 405., 1841, W. Dietze, Anclam.), of Wollin, only previously
+alluded to by your correspondents, is as follows:
+
+  "_Of Wollin._--Wollin was before, as it appears from heretofore
+  written histories, a powerful city; and one yet finds far about
+  the town foundations and tokens that the city was once very great;
+  but it has since been destroyed, and numbers now scarcely 300 to
+  400 citizens.[8] It has a parish church and nunnery
+  (_jungfrauenkloster_), and a ducal government. It lies on a piece
+  of marshland, on the Dievenow, called the Werder. The citizens are
+  customed like the other Pomeranians, but they are considered
+  somewhat awkwarder (_unhandlicher_ = unhandier). It is a curious
+  custom of this land and city that generally more inhuman things
+  take place there than anywhere else; and that I may relate
+  something, I will tell of a dreadful occurrence that lately
+  happened there.[9] Of Wollyn there is nothing more to be written,
+  except that the revered Master Doctor Joannes Buggenhagen was born
+  in this city, who is no insignificant ornament both of the holy
+  New Testament and of his fatherland."
+
+  [Footnote 7: The publication of whose works in English I strongly
+  recommend.]
+
+  [Footnote 8: In later times, however, the population has become
+  greater.]
+
+  [Footnote 9: Not to be found.]
+
+On Vineta he writes (_High German Chronicle_, ed. Meden, lib. ii. pp.
+32-35.):--
+
+    "Not long after this Schwenotto threw off Christianity, and set
+  himself against his father Harald, king in Denmark, and drove him
+  from the kingdom. So Harald fled to Wollyn, in Pomerania. There
+  the Wends, notwithstanding that he was a Christian, and they still
+  of the ancient faith, received him kindly, and, together with the
+  other Wends and Pomeranians, fitted out ships and an armament, and
+  brought him with force back into his kingdom, and fought the whole
+  day with Schweno, so that it was uncertain who had or had not won
+  there. Then the next day they arose and made a smiting[10], and in
+  the fray Harald was shot by a Dane, and perhaps by his son's
+  command. Then brought the Wollyners him to their ships, and
+  carried him away to their city that there they might doctor
+  (_artzten_) him. But he died of the wound, and was buried there,
+  after he had reigned about fifty years, about the thousandth year
+  after the birth of Christ. So writeth Saxo. But Helmold writes,
+  that he came to Vineta: these holp him into his kingdom again,
+  and when he was shot in the skirmish, they brought him back to
+  their town, where he died[11] and was buried. And that I myself
+  believe; for though Wollyn was a mighty state at that time, still
+  Vineta was much mightier; and it is therefore to be concluded that
+  he fled to Vineta, rather than to Wollyn, and that Vineta was on
+  that account afterwards destroyed: and as we are come to Vineta,
+  we will say what Helmold writes thereof, which is this:--
+
+  [Footnote 10: I have in the translation adopted the phrase of Holy
+  Writ, "made a smiting."]
+
+  [Footnote 11: This shows that the MSS. of Helmold were corrupted
+  at a very early period. I have seen one uncorrupted. A list of
+  them would be a thing desirable.]
+
+  "Vineta has been a powerful city, with a good harbour for the
+  surrounding nations; and after so much has been told of the city
+  which is totally (_schyr_ = sheerly) incredible, I will relate
+  this much. It is said to have been as great a city as any which
+  Europe contained at that time, and it was promiscuously inhabited
+  by Greeks, Slavonians, Wends, and other nations. The Saxons, also,
+  upon condition of not openly practising Christianity, were
+  permitted to inhabit with them; for all the citizens were
+  idolaters down to the final destruction and fall of the city. Yet
+  in customs, manners, and hospitality there is not a more worthy
+  nation, or so worthy a one, to be found. The city was full of all
+  sorts of merchandise (_kaufwahr_) from all countries, and had
+  everything which was curious, luxurious (_lustig_ = lustful), and
+  necessary; and a king of Denmark destroyed them a great fleet of
+  war. The ruins and recollection of the town remain even to this
+  day, and the island on which it lay is flowed round by three
+  streams, of which one is of a green colour, the other greyish, and
+  the third dashes and rushes by reason of storm and wind. And so
+  far Helmold, who wrote about 400 years ago.
+
+  "And it is true that the remains exist at the present day: for
+  when one desires to go from Wolgast over the Pene, in the country
+  of Usedom, and comes by a village called Damerow, which is by
+  [about] two miles[12] from Wolgast, so sees one about a long
+  quarter way into the sea (for the ocean has encroached upon the
+  land so much since then), great stones and foundations. So have I
+  with others rowed thither, and have carefully looked at it. But no
+  brickwork is there now; for it is so many hundred years since the
+  destruction of the city, that it is impossible that it can have
+  remained so long in the stormy sea. Yet the great
+  foundation-stones are there still, and lie in a row, as they are
+  usually disposed under a house, one by the other; and in some
+  places others upon them. Among these stones are some so great, in
+  three or four places, that they reach ell high above the water; so
+  that it is conjectured that their churches or assembly-houses
+  stood there. But the other stones, as they still lie in the order
+  in which they lay under the buildings (_geben_), show also
+  manifestly how the streets went through the length and breadth
+  (_in die lenge und �bers quer_) of the city. And the fishermen of
+  the place told us that still whole paving-stones of the streets
+  lay there, and were covered with moss[13] (_�bermoset_), so that
+  they could not be seen; yet if one pricked therein with a
+  sharp-pointed pole or lance, they were easily to be felt. And the
+  stones lay somehow after that manner: and as we rowed backward and
+  forward over the foundations, and remarked the fashion of the
+  streets, saw we that the town was built lengthways from east to
+  west. But the sea deepens the farther we go, so that we could not
+  perceive the greatness of the city fully; but what we could see,
+  made us think that it was very probably of about the size of
+  L�beck: for it was about a short quarter[14] long, and the breadth
+  broader than the city L�beck. By this one may guess what was the
+  size of the part we could not see. And according to my way of
+  thinking, when this town was destroyed, Wisbu in Gottland was
+  restored."
+
+  [Footnote 12: German, answering to about eight English.]
+
+  [Footnote 13: I have translated _�bermoset_ as above, though
+  nothing at the bottom could be covered with moss. I suspect the
+  true lection to be _�bermodert_, as _moder_ exists in the present
+  German, answering to our word "mother."]
+
+  [Footnote 14: This expression, as well as a previous one, alludes
+  to the distance. "Of a mile" is, in both cases, to be understood.]
+
+Wisby, _en passant_, may be described as a merchant town of great
+importance in the medi�val period, and whence we have derived our
+navigation laws. It has now about 4000 inhabitants, and has many ruined
+buildings and sculptured marble about it.
+
+So far Kantzow in the _High German Chronicle_: in the _Low German
+Chronicle_ (ed. B�hmer, Greifswald, 1832), I find nothing bearing on the
+subject.
+
+Indistinct and wavering is Kantzow in his account, but thus much is to
+be gathered from it.
+
+1. That the _soi-disant_ Vineta lay east and west; Julin or Wollin lies
+north and south.
+
+2. That the destruction of Wollin ensued on its aiding an enemy against
+Denmark.
+
+3. That in the mind of Kantzow the two towns were not confounded, and
+that he had heard both legends, but had not sufficient critical sagacity
+to disentangle the mess.
+
+The oldest MSS. of Helmold have not this error. I have myself, as
+previously stated, seen one uncorrupted. The closing words of Kantzow
+seem to make it necessary to search for the date of the rebuilding of
+Wisby, which I have not at present the means of doing, though I will
+take an early opportunity of settling this, oddly enough, contested
+point.
+
+Von Raumer emphatically brands the legend of Vineta as a fable; as also
+my friend M. de Kaiserling. And I myself am forcibly reminded of an old
+Irish legend I read long ago somewhere or other, of the disappearance of
+a city in the Lake of Killarney, of which, my authority stated, the
+towers were occasionally to be perceived. Another legend, of which the
+scene was laid in Mexico, I recollect, was to the same effect; and in
+this I am confirmed by a friend, who has traveled much in that country.
+I must myself totally deny the existence of Vineta, except as the
+capital city of the Veneti, when I would place it in R�gen.
+
+I may as well add that M. de Kaiserling dug up his coins in the
+north-western corner of Wollin, near the Rathhaus.
+
+The Salmarks are in the neighbourhood of the town, the Greater one to
+the north, the Lesser to the south.
+
+I will now close the paper, already too long, and hope for elucidations
+and remarks from abler pens.
+
+    KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+  September 25, 1851.
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Curious Epitaph in Dalkeith Churchyard._--The following inscription is
+on the tombstone of one Margaret Scott, who died in the town of
+Dalkeith, February 9, 1738, aged 125 years:--
+
+      "Stop passenger, until my life you read:
+      The living may get knowledge by the dead.
+      Five times five years I lived a virgin's life:
+      Ten times five years I was a virtuous wife:
+      Ten times five years I lived a widow chaste;
+      Now, weary'd of this mortal life, I rest.
+      Between my cradle and my grave have been
+      Eight mighty kings of Scotland and a queen.
+      Four times five years the Commonwealth I saw;
+      Ten times the subjects rose against the law.
+      Twice did I see old Prelacy pull'd down;
+      And twice the cloak was humbled by the gown.
+      An end of Stuart's race I saw: nay, more!
+      My native country sold for English ore.
+      Such desolations in my life have been,
+      I have an end of all perfection seen."
+
+I thought that the above instance of what might be termed "historical
+longevity" was worthy of a place in your pages, along with others
+proving how "traditions from remote periods may come through few hands."
+
+    BLOWEN.
+
+_Device of SS._--However doubtful may be the derivation of our English
+"Collar of Esses," there is a pretty explanation given of a similar
+device granted to a Spanish nobleman.
+
+It is said that Gatierre de Cardenas was the first person who announced
+to the young Princess Isabella of Castile the approach of her future
+husband, Ferdinand of Aragon (after his romantic journey to Valladolid
+in 1469), exclaiming, "Esse es, esse es,"--"This is he!" He obtained
+permission to add to his escutcheon the letters SS. to commemorate this
+circumstance.
+
+    O. P. Q.
+
+_Lord Edward Fitzgerald._--Having seen in "NOTES AND QUERIES" a remark
+about Lord Edward Fitzgerald, I wish to add the following.
+
+The body of Lord Edward Fitzgerald has never been removed by his
+relatives, but has lain in an outside vault or passage, under the parish
+church of St. Werburgh, Dublin, until very lately, when (I believe
+within the last year) Lady Campbell, widow of General Sir Guy Campbell,
+Bart., and daughter of Pamela, caused it to be placed in an oak coffin,
+the old one being greatly decayed. It is now removed into what is called
+the chancel vault.
+
+    L. M. M.
+
+_The Michaelmas Goose._--Why it is that here in England--
+
+            "---- by custom (right divine)
+      Geese are ordained to bleed at Michael's shrine,"
+
+is a mystery still unsolved by English antiquaries. For, even if the
+story that Queen Elizabeth was eating a goose on Michaelmas Day when she
+received the news of the defeat of the Spanish Armada, rested on
+unquestionable authority, it would not explain the origin of the custom,
+since Brand has shown, by a reference to Blount's _Jocular Tenures_,
+that it existed as early as the tenth year of Edward IV. If we seek an
+illustration from the practice of our continental neighbours, we shall
+fail; or only learn that we have transferred to the Feast of St. Michael
+a practice which is observed abroad on that of St. Martin, the 11th
+November: indeed, St. Martin's Bird is a name by which the goose is
+known among many of the continental nations. In the Runic Calendar the
+11th November is marked by a goose. In the old _Bauern Practica_ (ed.
+1567), _Wintermonat_ or November boasts, in one of the Rhymes of the
+Month,--
+
+      "Fat geese unto the rich I sell."
+
+And in the curious old Story Book of Peter Leu, reprinted by von der
+Hagen in his _Narrenbuch_, one of the adventures commences:
+
+      "It fell upon St. Martin's Day,
+      When folks are wont goose-feasts to keep."
+
+A learned German, however, Nork (_Festkalender_, s. 567.), sees in our
+Michaelmas Goose the last traces of the goose offered of old to
+Proserpina, the infernal goddess of death (on which account it is that
+the figure of this bird is so frequently seen on monumental remains);
+and also of the offerings (among which the goose figured) formerly made
+to Odin at this season, a pagan festival which on the introduction of
+Christianity was not abolished, but transferred to St. Michael.
+
+    WILLIAM J. THOMS.
+
+_Gravesend Boats_ (Vol. ii., p. 209.).--In a letter from Sir Thomas
+Heneage to Sir Christopher Hatton, dated 2nd May, 1585, given in
+Nicolas's _Memoir of the Life and Times of Sir Christopher Hatton_ (p.
+426.), is this passage:
+
+  "Her Highness thinketh your house will shortly be like a Gravesend
+  barge, never without a knave, a priest, or a thief," &c.
+
+"Her Highness" was Queen Elizabeth, and the purport of the letter was to
+convey "her Highness's pleasure" touching one Isaac Higgins, then in
+the custody of Sir Christopher Hatton.
+
+    C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge, Sept. 19. 1851.
+
+_Skull-cups._--There are so very few consecutive and methodical readers
+left, that it is not surprising that Mr. Blackwell, the editor of Bohn's
+_Mallet_, should have adopted the groundless charge of one Magnusen
+against Olaus Wormius, who understood Ragnar's death-song much better
+than certain ironical dilettanti of Cockneyland. Charlemagne's
+secretary, Paul Warnefrid, the Lombard deacon of Aquileia, swears that,
+about 200 years after the event, King Ratchis had shown him _the cup
+made out of Cunimund's skull_, in which Queen Rosamund, his daughter,
+refused to drink, in the year 574.[15] (_Paul. Diac._ ii. 8.) Open the
+_Acta Sanctorum_ for the 1st of May, and they will tell you that the
+monks of Triers had enchased in silver the skull of St. Theodulf, out of
+which they administered fever-drink to the sick. Moreover, when, in the
+year 1465, Leo von Rozmital came to Neuss, he saw a costly tomb wherein
+lay the blessed Saint Quirinus, and he drank out of his skull-cup. St.
+Sebastian's skull at Ebersberg, and St. Ernhart's at Ratisbonne, had
+also been converted into chalices.
+
+  [Footnote 15: See Grotius's valuable Collection of Gothic and
+  Lombard Historians.]
+
+I refer the reader to Jacob Grimm's _Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache_,
+pp. 143. 146., for further details: he shows that to drink ale out of
+_buigv�dum hausa_, can only mean out of "hollow skulls," literally
+"_vacuitas_ curva."
+
+To prove the antiquity of the custom, Grimm alleges likewise a passage
+of the Vilkinasaga, in which V�lundr, the smith, our Belenger[16], or
+Will o' the Wisp, enchases in silver the amputated skulls of Nidads' two
+boys.
+
+  [Footnote 16: Foeu _B�lenger_, in one of the dialects of the
+  Low-Norman Isles.]
+
+    GEORGE M�TIVIER.
+
+
+
+
+Queries.
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+168. _Elizabeth, Equestrian Figure of._--Doubtless many of your readers
+have seen in the Exhibition a large equestrian figure of Elizabeth; it
+is in the N.W. gallery, in one of the large plate cases. Now the horse
+is described as pacing, which the explanation states was a step taught
+the horses belonging to the ladies of that period. Query, where a
+description of pacing, or rules for teaching horses to pace, amble, &c.,
+may be found? for what appears so extraordinary in the figure is that
+the fore and hind legs of the same side of the horse are extended
+together, or simultaneously. I have in the _Graphic Illustrator_ a
+picture of Elizabeth hawking (the figure in the Exhibition may have been
+copied from the original), where the horse is in the same attitude. I
+feel anxious to know if that unnatural gait is possible, or whether it
+is a part or the whole of the pacing step.
+
+    THOS. LAWRENCE.
+
+  Ashby de la Zouch.
+
+169. _Indian Ants._--Is there any foundation for Pliny's account of the
+Indian ants, which were, according to Herodotus, "not so large as a dog,
+but bigger than a fox?"
+
+    A. C. W.
+
+170. _Passage in Geo. Herbert._--What is the meaning of the following?
+(Herbert's _Poems_, "Charms and Knots," ver. 8.):--
+
+      "Take one from ten, and what remains?
+      Ten still: if sermons go for gains."
+
+    H. T. G.
+
+171. _"The King's-way," Wilts._--Mention of this road, in the
+neighbourhood of Malmsbury, occurs in two charters of the Saxon kings
+Athelstan and Eadwig, Nos. 355. & 460. Cod. Dipl. Aevi. Sax. The road is
+said to be known in Wiltshire as King Athelstan's Way. Can any of your
+correspondents oblige me by pointing out its course, and the immediate
+purpose for which it was constructed? There is a King's-way Field
+(Cyngwey-ffeld) mentioned in the ancient terriers of Bampton, Oxon, and
+still known there.
+
+    B. W.
+
+172. _Marriages within ruined Churches._--I have heard of marriages
+solemnized within _ruined_ churches in Ireland within the last twenty
+years. What is the origin of this custom; was it general, and is it
+still observed?
+
+    R. H.
+
+173. _Fees for Inoculation._--In an old Account Book of a Sussex county
+gentleman I find the following items:--
+
+  "1780. I paid for the inoculation of William and Polly Parker, �5
+  15_s._ 6_d._"
+
+and again in 1784:
+
+  "Paid towards R. Stephen's inoculation, �1 11_s._ 0_d._"
+
+from which it would appear that the process was a very expensive one in
+those days. I should feel obliged to any of your correspondents to give
+me some information on this point.
+
+    R. W. B.
+
+174. "_Born in the Eighth Climate._"--Can any of your readers explain
+the allusion contained in the following extract from Sir Thomas Browne?
+
+  "_I was born in the eighth climate_, but seem for to be framed and
+  constellated unto all."--_Religio Medici_, ii. 1.
+
+Will the notions of astrology throw any light upon it?
+
+    N. H.
+
+175. _Aubry de Montdidier's Dog._--Who was the King of France that
+subjected the Chevalier Macaire to the ordeal by combat with this famous
+dog? In some of the authorities it is said to be Charles VI., and in
+others "Le Roi Jean," meaning, I presume, John II.
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia.
+
+176. _Sanford's Descensus._--Can any of your correspondents say if
+Sanford's _Descensus_ has ever been published separately? It is spoken
+of in the 2nd vol. of Gale's _Court of the Gentiles_, and was published
+in the works of a bishop who survived him. A copy of that prelate's
+works is in the Bodleian Library, and contains the _Descensus_. What is
+the bishop's name?
+
+    �GROTUS.
+
+177. _Parish Registers--Briefs for Collection._--What acts of parliament
+since the reign of George I. affect parish registers?
+
+On what authority were collections made in churches _by brief_; in what
+year was that mode of collection decreed; and when did it cease?
+
+    J. B. (A Subscriber.)
+
+178. _Early Printing Presses, Sticks, and Chases._--I am a compositor,
+and have read with great interest the "Notes" on Caxton and Printing in
+your valuable publication. May I venture to put a Query which has often
+crossed my mind, especially when I went to see Mr. Maclise's great
+painting at the Royal Academy. What kind of press did Caxton and his
+successors use? Also, is anything known of the shape of their "sticks"
+and "chases?" Mr. Maclise seems to have taken a modern pattern for all
+of these, especially the two last.
+
+    EM QUAD.
+
+179. _Bootikins._--Horace Walpole speaks in many of his letters of the
+great benefit he had experienced from the use of _bootikins_ in his
+attacks of gout. In a letter to George Montagu, Esq., dated July 31,
+1767, he says:
+
+  "Except one day's gout, which I cured with the _bootikins_, I have
+  been quite well since I saw you."
+
+Eight years afterwards his expectations of _cure_ from them were not so
+high. In a letter to the Rev. Mr. Cole, dated June 5, 1775, he remarks:
+
+  "I am perfectly well, and expect to be so for a year and a half. I
+  desire no more of my _bootikins_ than to curtail my fits."
+
+Dr. E. J. Seymour (_Thoughts on the Nature and Treatment of several
+severe Diseases of the Human Body_, i. 107.: London, 1847), says that--
+
+  "The _bootikins_ were simply a glove, with a partition for the
+  thumb, but no separate ones for the fingers, like an infant's
+  glove, made of oiled silk."
+
+Can any of your readers shed light on this matter?
+
+    R. D.
+
+  Philadelphia.
+
+180. _Printers' Privilege._--I have heard it confidently stated that
+printers have the privilege, if they are disposed to use it, to wear on
+all occasions a sword dangling at their sides. If it be so, whence does
+it arise? I have heard two explanations, one, bearing _prim� facie_
+evidence of incorrectness, a special grant as a mark of favour; the
+other, which is the only reasonable way of accounting for such a totally
+unsuitable privilege, that when the act passed forbidding arms to be
+commonly worn, all kinds and manner of people were mentioned by the name
+of their trades, businesses, &c., except printers, who were accidently
+omitted. How much of truth might there be in all this? What is the act
+alluded to?
+
+    TEE BEE.
+
+181. _Death of Pitt._--What authority is there for the accompanying
+statement respecting the death of Mr. Pitt?
+
+  "Among the anecdotes of statesmen few are more interesting than
+  that which records the death of Pitt. The hand which had so long
+  sustained the sceptre of this country found no hand to clasp it in
+  death. By friends and by servants he was alike deserted; and a
+  stranger wandering on from room to room of a deserted house, came
+  at last by chance to a chamber untended but not unquiet, in which
+  the great minister lay, alone and dead."--See _Edinburgh Review_
+  for July, 1851, p. 78., on the _Poems and Memoir of Hartley
+  Coleridge_.
+
+    NATHANIEL ELLISON.
+
+182. "_A little Bird told me._"--C. W. wishes to know if any of the
+readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" can tell him the origin of the proverb,
+"A little bird told me."
+
+C. W. has an idea that the origin is from the _Koran_, where is an
+account of all the birds being summoned before Solomon. The lapwing
+absents himself. Upon being questioned why he did not immediately obey,
+he says he has been at the court of the Queen of Sheba, who has resolved
+upon visiting Solomon. On the hint, Solomon prepares for the queen's
+reception. The lapwing sets off to Ethiopia, and tells the Queen that
+Solomon wishes to see her. The meeting, as we know, took place.
+
+Not having the _Koran_, C. W. cannot refer to it to see if it is right
+or wrong.
+
+183. _Baroner._--At page 105. of the volume of _Bury Wills_ published by
+the Camden Society, is the will of William Place, priest, Master of the
+Hospital of St. John Evangelist without the south gate of Bury St.
+Edmunds, dated 21st July, 1504, whereby he willed that "Damp" William
+Carsey (elsewhere in the same will called Karsey), "Baroner" of the
+Monastery of Bury St. Edmunds, should assign two children to say _De
+profundis_ at his grave for his soul every day from his burying day till
+his thirtieth day be past, and they to have each day for their labour
+one penny betwixt them. Mr. Tymms's notes to the above publication are
+copious and valuable, but he omits to explain the term "Baroner;" and
+the object of this Query is to ascertain if he, or any of your numerous
+correspondents, can do so. I conjecture that the Baroner was the master
+of the children (or song school), but I am not aware of any other
+instance of the use of the word as denoting a monastic officer.
+
+    C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge, Sept 19. 1851.
+
+184. _William the Third at Exeter--History of Hawick._--1. Mr. Macaulay,
+in describing the entrance of William of Orange into Exeter, mentions
+that he was preceded, amongst others, by three hundred gentlemen of
+English birth. Can any of your correspondents inform me whether the
+names of these gentlemen are known, and, if so, where the roll may be
+met with?
+
+2. I remember to have read an extract from a work called the _History of
+Hawick_ in Teviotdale, but I have never met with any one acquainted with
+the work. Is the book now extant, and, if so, where can it be seen? If
+any of your correspondents should have seen this volume, perhaps he can
+inform me whether it narrates an altercation between the abbot of
+Melrose and a neighbouring baron, which ended in the death of the
+former?
+
+    H. L.
+
+  Maen-twrog, North Wales.
+
+185. _Johannes Lychtenberger._--The "Pronosticatio," or "prophecies,"
+which bear this name, have been often reprinted since what I believe to
+be the first edition was published in the year 1488. In giving an
+account of the copies of it in the Lambeth Library, I stated that I knew
+of no other copy of this edition, except one in the Douce collection in
+the Bodleian. Eight years have elapsed since that time, and I have not
+heard of any; and as circumstances have lately led to my being engaged
+about the book, I shall be glad if you will allow me to ask whether any
+of your many learned correspondents know of a _prior_ edition, or of any
+other copies of _this_ one of 1488?
+
+    S. R. MAITLAND.
+
+  Gloucester.
+
+186. _Lestourgeon the Horologist._--I have in my possession an
+apparently very old, though very elegant and very excellent, eight-day
+clock, with the maker's name on its face, _Thomas Lestourgeon, London_.
+Some years ago there was found among the apparatus of the Natural
+Philosophy class, in the University of Edinburgh, what is called in the
+inventory "an old watch, maker's name Lestourgeon, London." Can any of
+your readers tell me when that excellent horologist flourished? I know
+the history of the clock for about a century, but how much older it may
+be I should like to know.
+
+    JAMES LAURIE.
+
+187. _Physiological Query._--Can any of your correspondents mention the
+work of any physiologist in which the _cause_ is given why all
+herbivorous animals suck in what they drink, and all carnivorous animals
+lap it up by the action of the tongue? Also, what naturalists have
+specified that broad distinction, and whether it has been mentioned in
+any other work?
+
+    �GROTUS.
+
+188. _De Grammont's Memoirs._--Is there an earlier edition of De
+Grammont's _Memoirs_ than that in 12mo. printed at Cologne in 1713?
+
+    PETER CUNNINGHAM.
+
+189. "_Frightened out of his seven Senses._"--Can this expression be met
+with in any author; or what is its origin?
+
+Is it simply synonymous to the more usual phrase, "To be frightened out
+of one's wits?"
+
+Is there any other passage in the language where the possession of more
+than _five_ senses is implied?
+
+    G. T. H.
+
+  Acton.
+
+190. _Fides Carbonaria._--What is the _origin_ of a phrase known to
+readers of a certain Latinity, "Fides Carbonaria?" The French have an
+expression apparently equivalent, "Foi de Charbonnier;" but _what_
+originated either?
+
+    A QUERIST.
+
+191. _Bourchier Family._--I would be very much obliged to any
+correspondent who could tell me either the inscriptions on any monuments
+to the "Bourchier" family, or in what church they are to be found. I
+believe there are some in Northamptonshire.
+
+    L. M. M.
+
+  Dublin.
+
+192. _Warnings to Scotland._--
+
+  "Warnings to Scotland, of the Eternal Spirit, to the City of
+  Edinburgh, in Scotland, by the mouths of Thomas Dutton, Guy Nutt,
+  John Glover, in their Mission by the Spirit to the said City, as
+  they were delivered in the year 1709, and faithfully taken down in
+  writing as they were spoken. London printed in the year 1710."
+
+The trio also gave "warnings" to the sinful city of Glasgow, &c.
+
+I would be glad if any of your correspondents could give me any
+information regarding this _agitation_, and if it produced any sensation
+at the time?
+
+    ELGINENSIS.
+
+193. _Herschel anticipated._--Can one of your correspondents mention the
+name, and any other particulars, of the man who anticipated Herschel
+relative to the sun's motion; and was declared to be mad for
+entertaining such opinions?
+
+    �GROTUS.
+
+194. _Duke of Wellington._--Where can a copy of the petition, presented
+by the Lord Mayor and Common Council, setting forth the insufficiency of
+the Duke of Wellington as a general, and his obvious incapacity, and
+begging his immediate recall, be obtained, and the date of it? It is a
+droll historical document, which should not sink into oblivion.
+
+    �GROTUS.
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_An early Printer._--I have seen an old black-letter book of homilies in
+Latin, with the following imprint:--
+
+  "Sermones Michaelis de Ungaria pr�dicabiles per tot[=u] annum
+  licet breves. Et sic est finis sit laus et gloria trinis
+  Impress[=u] suburbiis s[=a]cti germani de praetis per Petr[=u]
+  Leuet, anno d[=n]i millesimo quadring[=e]te sino nonagesimo
+  septimo primo die vero. xiij. Novembris."
+
+I should be glad if any of your correspondents could furnish any
+information regarding the printer.
+
+    ABERDONIENSIS.
+
+  [Petrus Levet was one of the early Paris printers, and several of
+  the works printed by him are noticed in Gresswell's _Annals of
+  Parisian Typography_, pp. 96. 100. 104. At p. 178. will be found
+  his device, copied from the _Destructorium Vitiorum_, anno 1497.]
+
+_Nimble Ninepence._--What is the origin of this expression?
+
+    P. S. KG.
+
+  ["A nimble ninepence is better than a slow shilling."--_Old
+  Proverb._]
+
+_Prince Rupert's Balls._--Why are the glass balls filled with floating
+bubbles called Rupert balls? Was the prince a glass-blower?
+
+    [Arrow symbol]
+
+  [The earliest experiments upon glass tears were made in 1656, both
+  in London and Paris; but it is not certain in what country they
+  were invented. They were first brought to England by Prince
+  Rupert, and experiments were made upon them by the Right Hon. Sir
+  Robert Moray, in 1661, by the command of his Majesty. An account
+  of these experiments is to be found in the Registers of the Royal
+  Society, of which he was one of the founders. See _Edinburgh
+  Encyclop�dia_, vol. x. p. 319.]
+
+_Knock under._--To _knock under_, in the sense of succumb, yield: _unde
+derivatur_?
+
+    NOCAB.
+
+  ["From the submission expressed among good fellows by knocking
+  under the table."--_Johnson._]
+
+_Freemasons._--Where can be found a good account of the origin of
+freemasons? And is there any truth in the story that Lord Doneraile made
+his daughter, the Honorable Miss E. St. Leger, a freemason?
+
+    [Arrow symbol]
+
+  [For a circumstantial account of the origin of Freemasons, see a
+  curious pamphlet published in 1812, entitled _Jachin and Boaz; or
+  an authentic Key to the Door of Freemasonry, both Ancient and
+  Modern_, &c.; also, Oliver's _Antiquities of Freemasonry_. A very
+  interesting historico-critical inquiry into the origin of the
+  Rosicrucians and Freemasons, from the pen of the English
+  Opium-eater, who in it has abstracted, arranged, and in some
+  respects re-arranged the German work of J. G. Buhle, _Ueber den
+  Ursprung und die vornehmsten Schicksale der Orden der Rosenkreuzer
+  und Freymaurer_, will be found in the _London Magazine_ for
+  January and February, 1824.
+
+  We believe it is perfectly true that the Hon. Miss E. St. Leger
+  was made a mason, and that she always accompanied her lodge in its
+  processions.]
+
+
+
+
+Replies.
+
+
+CONQUEST OF SCOTLAND.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 165.)
+
+In an article of A. C. in "NOTES AND QUERIES" for 30th August last,
+under the head "Plowden of Plowden" from Burke's _Landed Gentry_, I find
+this paragraph:
+
+  "The names of the followers of William the Conqueror are often
+  alluded to; but the 'comers over' at the CONQUEST of Wales,
+  SCOTLAND, and Ireland are but seldom thought of, though they lend
+  to their descendants' pedigree a degree of historical interest."
+
+I do not read this paragraph without pain, mingled with indignation. Who
+ever before heard of the conquest of Scotland? It is true, that, on
+repeated occasions, the English made successful inroads into that
+kingdom, sometimes of a larger, sometimes of a less extensive character;
+but the Scottish nation never did "lie at the proud foot of a
+conqueror."
+
+Though Edward I., by means of intrigues unworthy of his high character,
+did for a short period, during the interregnum consequent on the death
+of the Maid of Norway, assume the government of the Scottish realm, and
+put to death some of the most distinguished of her defenders, yet his
+successor paid the penalty of this unjust assumption in the battle of
+Bannockburn; a battle having justice on the side of the victorious
+party, and regarded by all Scotsmen as to be ranked in military prowess
+with those of Cressy, Poictiers, and Agincourt.
+
+It is not generally known, that upon the marriage of Mary to the Dauphin
+in 1558, Scotsmen were naturalised in France by an _ordonnance_ of Henry
+II.; and that, in like manner, by an act of the parliament of Scotland,
+all Frenchmen were naturalised in that country. The ordonnance granting
+these privileges to Scotsmen within the realm of France, is printed in
+the Scottish statute-book along with the Scottish act granting similar
+privileges to Frenchmen within Scotland.
+
+One of the most distinguished writers on the law of Scotland, when
+dedicating his work to King Charles II., reminds him of the inscription
+on the palace of Holyrood: "Nobis h�c invicta miserunt centum sex
+Prouvi."
+
+When, in 1707, Scotland treated of an incorporating union with the realm
+of England, she treated as an independent and sovereign power, and the
+Treaty of Union was concluded with her in that character: a treaty which
+was at least as beneficial to England as it was to Scotland, by
+precluding in all time to come the intrigues of France with the Scottish
+sovereign and nation.
+
+That Scotland was able for so many centuries to defend her liberties and
+independence against the powerful kingdom of England, does her great
+honour. There is no problem of more difficult solution than this: What
+might have happened, if some other great event had happened otherwise
+than it did? When England had overcome the kingdom of France, if
+Scotland had not afforded the means of annoyance to England, the seat of
+government might have been removed to France, and the great English
+nation have been absorbed in that country: but Providence ruled
+otherwise; England lost her dominion in France, and Scotland remained
+independent.
+
+    SCOTUS OCTOGENARIUS.
+
+
+BOROUGH-ENGLISH.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 133.)
+
+W. FRAZER'S Query, which are the towns or districts in England in which
+Borough-English prevails, or has prevailed, and whether there are any
+instances on record of its being carried into effect in modern times,
+would require more knowledge than any individual can be expected to
+possess of local customs throughout the country to give a full answer
+to; but if all your legal correspondents would contribute their quotas
+of information on the subject, a very fair list might be made, which
+would not be uninteresting as illustrative of this peculiar custom. I do
+not know any work in which the places where the custom prevails are
+collected together. But I send you a short list of such manors and
+places as I know of and have been able to collect, in which the custom
+of Borough-English is the rule of descent, hoping that other
+correspondents will add to the list which I have only made a
+commencement of:--
+
+      _Manors and Places where the Custom of Borough-English
+      prevails._
+
+      The Manor of Lambeth     }
+            "      Kennington  } Surrey.
+            "      Hoo (qy.)     Kent.
+
+      Reve v. Maltster, Croke's _Reports, Trin.
+      Term_, 11 Chas. I.
+
+      The Manor of Tottenham   }
+            "      Edmonton    } Middlesex.
+
+      _Termes de la Ley_, Kitchin, fo. 102.
+
+      Turnham Green              Middlesex.
+
+      Forester's _Equity Reports_, 276.
+
+      The Manor of Bray          Berks.
+
+      _Co. Litt._ Sec. 211.
+
+I am informed that the custom also prevails in some of the Duchy manors
+in Cornwall, but I cannot at present give you the names.
+
+I may be able to add to this list in a future communication, and I hope
+to see in your pages some considerable additions to this list from other
+correspondents.
+
+As to the continuance of the custom to modern times, nothing can alter
+it but an act of parliament; so that where the custom has prevailed, it
+is still the law of descent: and I have had under my notice a descent of
+copyhold property, in the manors of Lambeth and Kennington, to the
+youngest brother within the present century.
+
+    G. R. C.
+
+There is a farm of about a hundred acres in the parish of Sullescombe in
+Sussex, which is held by this tenure; but whether the adjoining land is
+so, I am not aware. In case of the owner dying intestate, the land would
+go to the younger son; but I am not aware of an instance of this having
+occurred.
+
+    E. H. Y.
+
+
+PENDULUM DEMONSTRATION OF THE EARTH'S ROTATION.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 129. 177.)
+
+Your correspondent A. E. B. appears, by his suggestion regarding
+Foucault's theory, to have rendered confusion worse confounded, mystery
+more mysterious. He says:
+
+  "If the propounders of this theory had from the first explained,
+  that they do not claim for the plane of oscillation an exemption
+  from the general rotation of the earth, but only the difference of
+  rotation due to the excess of velocity with which one extremity of
+  the line of oscillation may be affected more than the other, it
+  would have saved a world of fruitless conjecture and
+  misunderstanding."
+
+This supposition makes an effect, which it is difficult to believe in,
+into one utterly impossible to conceive. It is hard enough to credit the
+theory, that the plane of oscillation of a pendulum is partially
+independent of the rotatory motion of the earth, but still not
+impossible, considering that the effect of the presumed cause is not
+inconsistent with the results of _� priori_ calculation. For instance,
+during the swing of a two-seconds pendulum, the angular motion of the
+earth will have been 1', or thereabouts, which, supposing the
+oscillation to be independent, would produce an appreciable angle on an
+index circle placed concentric with the pendulum, and at right angles to
+its plane of oscillation.
+
+But as to A. E. B.'s theory, which supposes the variation of the
+pendulum's plane to be "due to the excess of velocity with which one
+extremity of the line of oscillation may be affected more than the
+other," it appears to me quite untenable for a moment. Let him reduce it
+to paper, and find what difference of velocity there is on the earth's
+surface at the two ends of a line of ten feet, the assumed length of the
+arc of a two-seconds pendulum,--a larger one, I presume, than that used
+by Foucault in his cellar,--and I believe he will find it to be
+practically nothing.
+
+I confess I have had no faith in this theory from the first; the effect,
+if any and constant, I believe to be magnetic. The results of
+experiments have been stated from the first very loosely, and the theory
+itself has been put forth very indistinctly, and not supported by any
+name of eminence, except that of Professor Powell.
+
+In the meantime, and until some competent authority has pronounced on
+the point, I propose that such of your readers as are interested in the
+question make experiments for themselves, dividing them into four
+classes, viz., with the plane of oscillation E. and W., N. and S., N.E.
+and S.W., N.W. and S.E.; take the mean of a great many, and communicate
+them to the editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES;" and I venture to say that
+such a collection will do more towards confirming or disproving the
+theory absolutely, than all the papers we have yet seen on the subject.
+
+I am myself about to make experiments with a twenty-five feet pendulum.
+
+    H. C. K.
+
+  ---- Rectory, Hereford, Sept. 8. 1851.
+
+
+LORD MAYOR NOT A PRIVY COUNCILLOR.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 9. 137. 180.)
+
+In p. 180. I find some observations respecting the rank of the Lord
+Mayor of London, which seem to require further elucidation. But I should
+not trouble you except for one passage, which leads me to think that the
+writer is under some little mistake. He seems to think that upon the
+occasion of a new king's accession, only Privy Councillors are summoned.
+This is not so. I remember upon the accession of George IV., that I
+received a summons, being then a member of the House of Commons and
+holding an official appointment; and some other private gentlemen were
+also summoned. I _think_ that the summonses were issued from the Home
+Office, but of this I am not certain; nor do I know if the same practice
+has been adopted upon the subsequent accessions. I remember that we all
+met at Carlton House; that we all signed some document, recognising the
+new sovereign, which I apprehend to be the authority for the
+proclamation; but that the _Privy Councillors only_ went in to the
+presence.
+
+I understand that the theory for summoning me and others was that some
+persons of various ranks and grades of society should concur in placing
+the new king upon the throne.
+
+All this is, however, mere speculation of my own. The _fact_ of my
+summons is certain. As to the Lord Mayor being Right Honorable, why need
+we look for other authority than usage? Usage only gives the title of
+Right Honorable to a Privy Councillor being a Commoner. Usage only gives
+that title to a Peer. Excuse this gossip.
+
+    DN.
+
+
+COLLARS OF SS.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 147.)
+
+I have the pleasure to add to the early examples of the collar of SS.
+given by MR. EDWARD FOSS, the names of some personages whose monuments
+are either represented or described in Blore's _Monumental Remains_,
+Dugdale's _History of St. Paul's_, Gough's _Sepulchral Monuments_, and
+Stothard's _Monumental Effigies_.
+
+1. On the effigy of Sir Simon Burley, engraved by Hollar for Dugdale, is
+a collar apparently marked, but very indistinctly, with SS. Sir Simon
+was a Knight of the Garter, Chamberlain to Richard II., and was beheaded
+in 1388.
+
+2 and 3. Sir Robert Waterton and his wife, in Methley church, Yorkshire.
+The collar was issued to this knight, when he was an esquire, out of the
+great wardrobe of Henry Earl of Derby, in the 20th year of Richard II.
+
+4. Sir William Ryther, in Harwood church, Yorkshire: he lived in the
+time of Richard II.
+
+5. John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, in the cathedral at Canterbury. He
+was Chamberlain of England, and Captain of Calais in the reign of Henry
+IV., and died in 1410.
+
+6. Thomas Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel, in Arundel church, Sussex; Chief
+Butler of England at the coronation of Henry IV., who with his queen was
+present at the earl's wedding in 1404; temporary Marshal of England in
+1405. Died in 1416, the 4th of Henry V.
+
+7 and 8. Sir Edmund de Thorpe and his wife, in Ashwell-Thorpe church,
+Norfolk. Two persons of this name, Mon' Esmond Thorp and Mon' Esmon de
+Thor[=p], were summoned to a great council held at Westminster in the
+2nd of Henry IV. It is considered that this Sir Edmund is the person
+called Lord Thorpe, who was slain in Normandy in 1418; that his wife is
+Joan, daughter of Sir Robert Norwood, and widow of Roger Lord Scales;
+and that she is the Lady Thorpe who died in 1415.
+
+9. Thomas Duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV., President of the
+Council, and Lieutenant General of the Forces. He died in 1421. Monument
+in Canterbury cathedral.
+
+10, 11, and 12. Ralph Nevill, Earl of Westmorland, and his two wives, in
+Staindrop church, co. Durham. He was created Earl of Westmorland by
+Richard II., made Earl Marshal of England by Henry IV., present at the
+battle of Agincourt with Henry V., and died in the 4th of Henry VI.,
+1425.
+
+Margaret, his first wife, was the daughter of Hugh Earl of Stafford; and
+his second wife was Joan de Beaufort, only daughter of John of Ghent,
+Duke of Lancaster, by Catherine Swinford.
+
+13. John Fitz-Alan, Lord Maltravers and Earl of Arundel, in the church
+at Arundel, Sussex. He distinguished himself by the capture of many
+towns and fortresses in Normandy in the year of his death, 1434.
+
+14. William Phelip Lord Bardolf, in Dennington church, Suffolk.
+Treasurer of the household of Henry V., Knight of the Garter, and
+Chamberlain to Henry VI. Died in the 19th year of this reign, 1440.
+
+15 and 16. John Beaufort Duke of Somerset, and his wife, in Wimborne
+Minster, Dorset, Knight of the Garter, created Duke of Somerset and Earl
+of Kendal, and at the same time made Lieutenant and Captain-General of
+Aquitaine, France and Normandy. Died in 1444.
+
+17. Robert Lord Hungerford, who served in the wars in France and
+Guienne, and died in 1453. His effigy is drawn by Stothard (_Mon. Eff._
+p. 98.).
+
+18. Sir John Nevill, in Harwood church, Yorkshire. Died 22nd Edward IV.,
+1482.
+
+I presume that MR. EDWARD FOSS would refer to the curious passage in the
+printed _Rolls of Parliament_, vol. iii. p. 313., wherein it appears
+that Richard II., in the 20th year of his reign, formally declared that
+he _assumed_, bore, and used, and that by his leave and wish persons of
+his retinue also bore and used, the livery of the collar of his uncle,
+the Duke of Lancaster.
+
+Mr. John Gough Nichols, in the _Gent. Mag._ for 1842, quotes the
+principal part of this passage, and produces some interesting evidence
+in favour of the view that the livery of the collar of the Duke of
+Lancaster was the collar of SS.
+
+    LLEWELLYN.
+
+
+WRITTEN SERMONS.
+
+(Vol. iii., pp. 478. 526.; Vol. iv., pp. 8. 41.)
+
+The statement that the reading of sermons did not prevail in the early
+ages of Christianity not having been called in question, although
+irreconcileable with the practice of the Fathers, as ascertained from
+their own writings, I am induced to observe that in _Ferrarius de Ritu
+Sac. Concionum_, evidence is adduced that extemporaneous preaching was
+occasionally superseded by more elaborate and written discourses,
+sometimes committed to memory, sometimes recited, that is, read.
+
+  "Narrat Gregorius (Hom. 21. ex Libro Quadraginta Homiliarum)
+  solemne ibi fuisse dum Concionem haberet, per Dictatum loqui;
+  additque, Ob languentem stomachum jam _legere_ se non posse qu�
+  dictaverat; ac proinde velle se Evangelic� Lectionis explanationem
+  non amplius per Dictatum, sed per familiares collocutiones
+  pronunciare. Per Dictatum autem loqui nihil aliud fuit Gregorio
+  quam de scripto dicere ex eo perspicuum fit, quod verbo Dictare
+  pro Scribere passim usi sunt Veteres Auctores, Sidonius Epistola
+  septima Libri primi, undecima quarti, ultima septimi, sexta
+  octavi, tertia noni; Aldhelmus _de Laudibus Virginitatis_, cap.
+  vii., Gregorius Magnus, lib. x. _Epistolarum_, Ep. xxii. "ad
+  Joannem Ravenn� Subdiaconum," et "Epistola ad Leonardum;" qu�
+  pr�mittitur Expositioni in Job, et alii: usu nimirum ex prisco
+  more petito quo Auctores olim, ut est apud Plinium in Epistolis
+  non uno loco, Notariis dictare consueverant. Vox pr�terea Legere
+  qua usus est Gregorius hoc ipsum aperte confirmat; ea enim
+  dumtaxat legere possumus qua� scripta sunt et ante oculos
+  posita."--Ferrarius, _ut supr�_, lib ii. 15.
+
+Fabricius, in his _Bibliothecaria Antiquaria_ (cap. xi., De Concionibus
+Christianorum), thus refers to this passage:
+
+  "Conciones plerasque dictas ex memoria, quasdam etiam de scripto
+  recitatas, observatum Ferrario, lib. ii. cap. 15."
+
+It may therefore be inferred that he knew of no other testimony equally
+pertinent, but surely we may surmise that other fathers, _e.g._ Gregory
+Nazianzen (who, in the words of Bellarmine, "sapientiam mirific� cum
+eloquentia copulavit") occasionally were unable to commit to memory the
+numerous discussions which they had so diligently prepared.
+
+I have been requested by the Rev. Richard Bingham, Jun., to state that
+he has in his possession autograph sermons by his illustrious ancestor,
+in some of which are notes only or heads of subjects, and which are
+therefore unfavourable to the suspicion expressed (p. 42.), that the
+author of the _Antiquities of the Christian Church_ was prejudiced
+against extempore preaching.
+
+    BIBLIOTHECARIUS CHETHAMENSIS.
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_The Authoress of "A Residence on the Shores of the Baltic"_ (Vol. iv.,
+p. 113.).--As in a publication such as "NOTES AND QUERIES" the most
+precise correctness, even in matters of secondary importance, is, above
+all things, to be desiderated, I am sure J. R. will be glad to be
+corrected in a statement made by him, in the concluding sentence of his
+interesting communication, "Traditions from remote Periods through few
+Hands," concerning the above accomplished lady. This elegant writer was
+not "one of _four_ congenital children," though it is quite true that
+such a birth occurred in her family. The following account of so unusual
+an occurrence is taken from Matchett's _Norfolk and Norwich Remembrancer
+and Vade Mecum_, a work compiled principally from the columns of _The
+Norfolk Chronicle_, of which Mr. Matchett was for many year a
+co-proprietor and assistant editor:--
+
+  "August 15, 1817. At Dr. R.'s house, at Framingham (a small
+  village four miles from Norwich), Mrs. R., who in 1804 had first
+  brought him twins, was safely delivered of four living children,
+  three sons and a daughter, who were privately baptized by the
+  names of Primus John, Secundus Charles Henry, Tertius Robert
+  Palgrave, and Quarta Caroline. They were weighed with their shirts
+  on by Dr. Hamel, physician to the Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia,
+  who paid Dr. R. a visit a few days after the quadruple birth, and
+  were found to be 21 lbs. 2 oz. One lived eighteen days; the other
+  three from eight to ten weeks. Dr. R. being a grandfather at the
+  time, the children were born great-uncles and a great-aunt."
+
+They are buried in Framingham Earl churchyard, where is a table monument
+over their remains, setting forth the above particulars in full, with
+the respective periods of their deaths.
+
+Dr. R. was Mayor of Norwich in 1805, and, as J. R. states, an eminent
+physician of that city. He was the author of _An Essay on Animal Heat_,
+_On the Agriculture of Framingham and Holkham_, and of other works on
+Midwifery, Medicine, and Agriculture. He died Oct. 27, 1821, aged
+seventy-three years.
+
+    COWGILL.
+
+_Winifreda_ (Vol. iii., p. 27.; Vol. iv., p. 196.).--Notwithstanding the
+MS. note referred to by DR. RIMBAULT in a recent number, I cannot think
+that G. A. Stevens was the author of "Winifreda," as he had barely
+attained his sixteenth year when that song was first printed in 1726.
+Neither is it easy to imagine that the commonplace lines quoted in
+Reed's _Biographia Dramatica_, vol. i. p. 687., from Stevens's poem
+called "Religion, or the Libertine Repentant," and "Winifreda," could
+have been the production of the same person. We learn also from Reed,
+that, owing to a pirated edition of Stevens's songs being published at
+Whitehaven, he in 1772 printed a genuine collection of them at Oxford.
+This book I never met with. Should it contain Winifreda, I shall be
+satisfied: if not, we may still say of the mysterious author, "Non est
+inventus."
+
+    BRAYBROOKE.
+
+_Querelle d'Alleman_ (Vol. iii, p. 495.), not _d'Allemand_, as your
+correspondent MR. BREEN has written it; this saying deriving its origin
+from the _Allemans_, a powerful family of the Dauphin�, in the
+thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and having no reference whatever to
+the national character of the Germans, as will appear by the following
+extract from the _Revue Historique de la Noblesse, voce_ ALLEMAN:--
+
+  "Durant le 13e et le 14e si�cle, la r�gion montagneuse qui s'�l�ve
+  entre le Drac et l'Is�re �tait presque en totalit� le domaine
+  d'une immense famille de seigneurs qui portaient tous le nom
+  _d'Alleman_.... Jamais souche f�odale ne produisit plus de
+  rameaux, et nulle part les membres d'une m�me famille ne se
+  group�rent autour de leurs chefs avec un soin plus jaloux.... Ils
+  se mariaient entre eux, jugeaient entre eux leurs diff�rends, et
+  en toute circonstance se pretaient les uns aux autres un
+  infaillible appui. Malheur � l'imprudent voisin qui e�t troubl�
+  dans son h�ritage ou dans son honneur le plus humble des
+  _Alleman_. Sur la plainte de l'offens�, un conseil de famille
+  �tait r�uni, la guerre vot�e par acclamations, et l'on voyait
+  bient�t d�boucher dans la plaine de Grenoble les bandes arm�es qui
+  guidaient au ch�timent de l'agresseur les banni�res d'Uriage et de
+  Valbonnais."
+
+Hence, from the ardour with which this family avenged the smallest
+injury, came the saying, "_Faire une querelle d'Alleman_;" to which
+Oudin, in his _Curiosit�s Fran�oises_, gives the following
+interpretation:--
+
+  "_Querelle d'Alleman_, fond�e sur peu de sujet et facile �
+  appaiser."
+
+Having reference to the same family was also the proverb, known in the
+Dauphin�, "_Gare la queue des Alleman_," applied to those entering upon
+some difficult enterprise; in other words, "mind the consequences."
+
+In Le Roux de Lincy's _Livres des Proverbes Fran�ais_, vol. ii. p. 15.,
+I find the following:
+
+      "Arces, Varces, Granges et Comiers,
+      Tel les regarde qui ni les ose ferier,
+      Mais gare la queue d'Alleman et des Brangiers."
+
+    PHILIP S. KING.
+
+_Coins of Constantius II._ (Vol. ii., pp. 42. 254.).--Not being exactly
+satisfied with my former reply to MR. WITTON on this subject, I have
+made further search on the subject in numismatic works, and I would
+refer him to the following note in Banduri, vol. ii. p. 418.:--
+
+  "Galli numismata Antiquarii olim cum nummis Constantii Augusti
+  confundebant; sed Erud. Harduinus numismata omnia Constantii
+  C�saris (Galli) in quibus FEL. TEMP. REPARATIO. item ea in quibus
+  CONSTANTIVS. IVN. appellatur, aut FL. CL. CONSTANTIVS, ad Gallum
+  nostrum pertinere ostendit; in quibus omnibus cum eadem effigies
+  expressa sit a Constantii Augusti effigie plurimum diversa, et
+  caput nudum semper sit; omnia numismata in quibus et caput nudum,
+  et idem qui in c�teris vultus conspicitur, ad eundem Gallum
+  retulimus, tametsi eorum numismatum nonnulla FL. IVL. Constantium
+  appellant. Haud dissimulandum tamen descripta ab Occone fuisse
+  numismata duo Constantii Augusti, in quibus FL. CL. Constantius
+  nominatur, qu� inter numismata illius Principis ex �re incerti
+  moduli exhibuimus supr�. C�terum hujus Principis nummi omnes ex
+  argento rari sunt, et desiderantur in Mediobarbo, excepto hoc,
+  quem perperam (licet ex Tristano) inter �reos recenset laudatus
+  Mediobarbus, et duobus sequentibus."
+
+On the whole, therefore, I conclude, that we may more safely assign to
+Gallus the _bare_ head; the legends "CONSTANTIVS IVN." and "FL. CL.
+CONSTANTIVS," and the _diademed_ head, and the legends, "FL. IVL.
+CONSTANTIVS," and "CONSTANTIVS AVG.," to Constantius II. Those with "FL.
+VAL. CONSTANTIVS" would seem more properly to belong to Constantius
+Chlorus. I may add, that all those coins of Constantius which bear an A
+behind the portrait, certainly belong to Gallus.
+
+    E. S. TAYLOR.
+
+_Proverb; what constitutes one?_ (Vol. iv., p. 191.).--There can be no
+doubt that, according to modern usage, any short sentence which is
+commonly used, whether by way of enunciating a principle, foretelling a
+consequence, describing a situation, or recommending a course of action,
+&c., is a proverb. Brevity is an essential: that is, we apply the term
+_proverb_ to nothing but apophthegms. In truth, nothing but what is said
+in few words can be frequently said by all. Accordingly a proverb, in
+the nineteenth century, is a commonly known and frequently cited
+apophthegm. But it was not always so. The _proverb_ was only _one_ of a
+class which we may cite under the name of _adage_, because the various
+folio collections of them generally have this word in the title, as
+descriptive of all. These works contain proverbs properly so called,
+sentences (_sententi�_, pieces of _sententiousness_), parables,
+apologues, aphorisms, witticisms, apophthegms, &c. &c., many of the
+instances having a right to two or more of these names. According to
+Erasmus, all the definitions which he had met with of the _paroemia_ or
+_proverb_ might be contained under one or other of the following:--
+
+  "Proverbium est sermo ad vit� rationem conducibilis, moderata
+  quadam obscuritate multam in sese continens utilitatem."
+
+  "Proverbium est sermo, rem manifestam obscuritate tegens."
+
+The old proverb then has a soul of utility, and a body of obscurity: the
+modern one has a soul of brevity, and a body of notoriety. This
+distinction will be held obscure enough for an old proverb, but not
+brief enough for a new one.
+
+    M.
+
+_Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe_ (Vol. iv., p. 152.).--Your learned correspondent
+MR. CROSSLEY is right in his conjecture that this celebrated
+controversialist was of a family settled at Mayroyd in the parish of
+Halifax in Yorkshire. According to a pedigree certified in 1624 by Sir
+William Segar, Garter, he was the second son of John Sutcliffe of
+Melroyd, in the county of York, gent., by his wife Margaret, daughter of
+---- Owlsworth of Ashley in the same county. The Doctor married Ann,
+daughter of John Bradley of Louth, co. Lincoln, Esq., and had issue an
+only daughter Ann, the wife of Mr. Halls or Halse, of the county of
+Devon. The Doctor had four brothers, viz. Adam, Solomon, Luke, and John.
+Adam, the eldest, lived at Grimsby, co. Lincoln, and had an only
+daughter, Judith. Solomon was of Melroyd and of Grimsby; he married
+Elizabeth, daughter of John Bradley of Louth, Esq., by Frances his wife,
+daughter of ---- Fairfax of Denton, co. York, and had issue four
+daughters, and also one son, viz. John Sutcliffe, one of the esquires of
+the body to King James. His wife was Alice, daughter of Luke Woodhouse
+of Kimberley, co. Norfolk, Esq., and he had issue one daughter, Susan.
+Segar granted arms to this gentleman in 1624. Of the other brothers of
+the Dean, Luke died unmarried, and John married a daughter of Jo. Kirton
+of Lincolnshire.
+
+    F. R. R.
+
+  Milnrow Parsonage.
+
+_Pope's Translations, or Imitations of Horace_ (Vol. i., p. 230.; Vol.
+iv., pp. 58. 122. 139.).--Having every wish to accede to the request of
+your correspondent C., I have made a search, but am unable to lay my
+hand at present on the publication by Curll. There can be no doubt that
+I shall ultimately meet with it; and when I do, it will be quite at his
+service. Having compared it not very long ago with the folio edition by
+Boreman of this Imitation, which I suppose was the first in its complete
+state, I can be under no mistake as to the existence of the prior
+publication. It occurs in a thin 8vo. published by Curll in 1716,
+containing poetical miscellanies, which in my copy are bound up with
+other tracts. It is headed "By Mr. P----e," and contains only a portion
+of that subsequently printed. Curll afterwards reprinted the Imitation,
+as published by Boreman, in one of the volumes, I think the third of the
+collection, which he styles "Letters of Mr. Pope."
+
+That the Imitation is by Pope, though I am not aware of any express
+acknowledgment of it by him, there can be no doubt, and as little that
+it found its way to the press, as published by Boreman, with his
+privity. Curll even says, if any weight be due to the assertions of such
+a miscreant, that Pope received a sum of money for it from Boreman. But
+I do not consider that Pope can be deemed to have affiliated it by its
+publication in Dodsley's edition in 1738; which is, as far as I have
+always understood, a mere bookseller's collection. The only collection
+of his works which can be called his own, and for which he is fairly
+responsible, is that in 2 vols., folio and 4to., 1717-35, to each volume
+of which a preface or notice by him is prefixed; and in the latter of
+these volumes, though previously published, he has not included this
+Imitation, which seems to indicate that he did not feel disposed to
+acknowledge it publicly, and indeed he had good reason to be ashamed of
+it.
+
+    JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_M. Lominus, Theologus_ (Vol. iv., p. 193.).--The exact title of the
+work inquired for is, _Blackloan� H�resis, olim in Pelagio et Manich�is
+damnat�, nunc denuo renascentis, Historia et Confutatio_. This 4to.
+volume consists of 332 pages, exclusive of the dedicatory epistle and
+the appendix; and a "printed account" of the author may be seen in Sir
+James Ware's _Writers of Ireland_ (ed. Harris, pp. 191-3), and in Dodd's
+_Church History of England_, vol. iii. pp. 284-5.: Brussels, 1742. It is
+to be hoped that in the Bodleian Catalogue something further has been
+stated respecting this curious and very rare book than that it was
+written by "M. Lominus, Theologus," who was merely an imaginary divine.
+The real author was the famous PETER TALBOT, brother of "Lying Dick
+Talbot" (the Duke of Tyrconnel and Viceroy of Ireland), almoner to
+Catharine, queen of Charles II., and titular Archbishop of Dublin.
+
+    R. G.
+
+The work referred to, entitled _Blackloan� H�resis, olim in Pelagio et
+Manich�is damnat�, nunc denuo renascentis, Historia et Confutatio_,
+Gand. 1675, 4to., I have a copy of. It is written against the
+Blackloists, the leaders of whom were Thomas White, the follower of Sir
+Kenelm Digby, and John Sargeant, the voluminous Roman Catholic writer.
+The real author of the book was Peter Talbot, the brother of Richard
+Talbot, Duke of Tyrconnel. He also published the _History of Manicheism
+and Pelagianism, in which it is shown that Thomas White and his
+Adherents have revived those Heresies_: Paris, 1674, 8vo.
+
+    JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_Corpse passing makes a Right of Way_ (Vol. iii., pp. 477. 507. 519.;
+Vol. iv., p. 124.).--This belief is common in East Anglia, and such
+paths are called _Bierways_. When the common lands at Alby in Norfolk
+were enclosed, much difficulty was experienced in stopping one road, on
+account of its being an ancient bierway. In Norwich the passage through
+a part of the city called the Bull Close, is accounted public for this
+reason; and a very few years since a gentleman at Whittlesey, in
+Cambridgeshire, prevented a funeral from taking a shorter road through
+his grounds, through fear of its being afterwards esteemed a public
+thoroughfare.
+
+    E. S. TAYLOR.
+
+_Horology_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.).--H. C. K. will probably find all he
+requires in the _Penny Cyclop�dia_ (Articles "Horology" and "Pendulum"),
+or in a two-shilling volume published by Weale last year, Denison _on
+Clocks, Chimes, &c._, or in the other works enumerated below:--Ellicott
+_on regulating Clocks_, 4to., 1753; Vulliamy's _Considerations on Public
+Clocks_, 4to., 1828; Derham's _Artificial Clock Maker_, 12mo., 1734;
+Berthoudi's _Essai sur l'Horlogerie_, 4to., 2 vols. 1763.
+
+    H. T. E.
+
+  Clyst St. George.
+
+_Curfew_ (Vol. ii., p. 103.).--In Charleston, the capital of the state
+of South Carolina, a bell is tolled twice every evening, at eight and
+ten o'clock in summer, and at seven and nine in winter: this custom
+dates from early times. At the ringing of the _second_ bell the watch
+for the night is set, and our servants are prohibited from being abroad
+after that hour without a permit from their masters; the first bell
+subserves no purpose, and is merely rung in conformity to ancient usage.
+I am inclined to think that our ancestors had this bell rung in order to
+keep up the old custom of the curfew bell of their cherished
+mother-country. It is still a custom when "the first bell rings" for the
+younger children of the family to say "Good night," and retire to bed.
+This is the only practical use to which this early ringing is put, and a
+capital custom it is, though rather distasteful to the young folks when
+they are anxious to sit up a little longer.
+
+    H. H. B.
+
+  Monte Cavallo, South Carolina.
+
+"_Going the whole Hog_" (Vol. iii., p. 250.).--A querist asks
+information as to the origin of the American figure of speech "to go the
+whole hog." I apprehend its parentage belongs less to America than to
+Ireland, where a "hog" is still the synonym for a shilling, and a
+"tester" or "taster" for a sixpence. Previously to the assimilation of
+the currency of the two countries in 1825, a "white hog" meant the
+English shilling or twelve pence, and a "black hog" the Irish shilling,
+of thirteen pence. To "go the whole hog" is a convivial determination
+_to spend the whole shilling_, and the prevalence of the expression,
+with an extension of its applications in America, can be readily traced
+to its importation by the multitudes of emigrants from Ireland.
+
+    M. R***SON.
+
+  Belfast.
+
+_John Bodley_ (Vol. iv., p. 59.).--"---- Burleigh, M.A." who is
+mentioned by S. S. S. as one of the translators of the Bible in 1611,
+must have been a different person to John Bodley, the father of the
+celebrated Sir Thomas Bodley. In the very interesting "History of
+English Translations and Translators" prefixed to Bagster's _English
+Hexapla_, "Mr. Burgley of Stretford" is mentioned as one, with this
+note:--
+
+  "In the Lambeth MS. it is 'Mr. Henry Burleigh.' It is added, one
+  of that name was B.D. in 1594, and D.D. in 1607."--P. 104.
+
+Townley, however, in his _Illustrations of Biblical Literature_, 1821,
+vol. iii. p. 293, supposes him to have been the Francis Burleigh, D.D.,
+who, according to Newcourt, became vicar of Stortford, or Bishop
+Stortford, in 1590. See _Repertorium_, vol. i. p. 896.
+
+    JOHN I. DREDGE.
+
+Among my matches in and about London (which I shall always be glad to
+search for your correspondents) is the following:
+
+  "23 July 1608, _John Bodleigh_, Aldgate, printer B. 34, free of
+  the stationers and a freeman; and _Elizabeth Hemp_ of Paul's
+  Wharf, Sp. 30. St. Brides."
+
+    J. S. B.
+
+_Ancient Egypt, Language of_ (Vol. iv., p. 152.).--In Adelung's
+_Mithridates_ the titles of the best works explanatory of this language
+will be found. To these must be added those of Dr. Thomas Young and
+Champollian Junior. There are some recent German works on the subject;
+your correspondent will, however, be very little benefited after
+mastering all the writers, for they have really but little to tell. The
+method to be pursued with a feasible prospect of success is, to acquire
+the Coptic-Egyptian language from the New Testament and De Woide, with
+the special object of mastering the roots, about 200 in number, of that
+language. Next, some knowledge of the Chinese language should be
+obtained, so far at least as is necessary to comprehend the
+_hieroglyphic principle_, whereby 214 letter-keys are made to do duty in
+representing 5000, or more, distinct ideas. The next matter, which
+admits of a very simple explanation, is to ascertain how the Chinese
+_dissevers_ the _idea_ of a character (hieroglyphic) from its _sound_,
+and makes his ideas (hieroglyphic characters) stand for syllables alone,
+by prefixing the character _more_ (mouth) to indicate that the
+characters next following are to be read as _sounds_ and not as _ideas_.
+In the Egyptian hieroglyphic such characters (representing the names of
+places and persons) are inclosed in a sort of lozenge or parallelogram.
+Having found out certain _sounds_ in the Egyptian hieroglyphic, _e.g._
+_Cle-o-pa-tra_, turn to the _Coptic Lexicon_ and ascertain what _idea_
+(thing) _cle_ represents in Coptic, and so on with _o_, with _pa_, &c.,
+and all other with syllable sounds. Here Champollian Junior stuck fast,
+and little has been done since his day in the way of _translation_; and
+the reason is evident--the separate characters representing sounds found
+in these lozenges are too few in number to give any hope that the
+Egyptian hieroglyphics will ever be rendered generally intelligible;
+their object, however, has been far more effectually secured by the
+paintings and representations of objects and actions, which supply an
+infinitely better means of knowing what was interesting in Egypt than
+mere words, sounds, or ideas (hieroglyphics) could convey.
+
+    J. BUCKTON.
+
+  Lichfield.
+
+_The late William Hone_ (Vol. iii., p. 477., Vol. iv., pp. 105,
+106.).--If E. V. will take the trouble to apply to the Rev. Thomas
+Binney, of the Weigh House Chapel, London, he will be in the way of
+receiving the most authentic information concerning the happy
+conversion, and triumphant death, of William Hone, who adorned the
+doctrine of God his Saviour for some years previous to his decease in
+communion with a congregation of Protestant Dissenters.
+
+    O. T. D.
+
+The interesting letter of the late William Hone, published in Vol. iv.,
+pp. 105, 106., scarcely throws any discredit upon an anecdote I often
+have heard as to the means of his _first awakening_ to a better mind,
+somewhat as follows:--that, asking a drink of milk of a little child,
+and observing a book in her hand, he inquired what it was? She answered,
+"A Bible:" and, in reply to some depreciatory remarks of his, added, "I
+thought everybody loved their Bible, Sir." I hope that this may not be
+contradicted, but confirmed.
+
+    C. W. B.
+
+_Bensley_ (Vol. iv., p. 115.).--The "Bensley tragedy" was no doubt the
+sudden death, in April or May, 1765, by a fall from his horse, of _James
+Bensley_, Esq., of Lincoln's Inn; probably an early acquaintance of Hill
+and Cowper. The melancholy death of another friend of theirs, poor Lloyd
+(which Southey also calls a _tragedy_), had happened three or four
+months earlier.
+
+    C.
+
+_John Lilburne_ (Vol. iv., p. 134.).--The name of John Lilburne occurs
+in Cleveland's _Poems_ more than once, _e.g._ "The General Eclipse:"--
+
+      "Thus 'tis a general eclipse,
+      And the whole world is _al-a-mort_;
+      Only the House of Commons trips
+      The stage in a Triumphant sort,
+      Now e'en _John Lilburn_ take 'em for't."
+
+        _Works_, p. 57. Lond. 1687.
+
+And again, "On the Inundation of the River Trent," p. 294.:
+
+      "One herd and flock in one kind hill found mercy,
+      Like _Lilburn_ (and his wool) in the Isle of _Jersey_."
+
+    RT.
+
+  Warmington.
+
+_School of the Heart_ (Vol. iii., p. 390. Vol. iv., p. 141.).--Is your
+correspondent aware of Benedict Haeften's _Schola Cordis_, from which
+Harvey's _School of the Heart_ was imitated? It was published at Antwerp
+in 1635. The copy I now have before me is dated 1699, but I will give
+its full title:
+
+  "Schola Cordis, sive aversi a Deo Cordis ad eumdem reductio, et
+  instructio. Auctore Benedicto Haefteno, Reformati Monast.
+  Affligeminsis, Ordinis S. Benedicti, pr�posito. Antverpi�, apud
+  Henricum et Cornelium Verdurrin, MDCXCIX."
+
+P. S. The _emblems_ are fifty-five in number.
+
+    RT.
+
+  Warmington.
+
+_Sir W. Raleigh in Virginia_ (Vol. iv., p. 190.).--That Mr. Hallam
+should have forgotten to correct an incidental allusion is natural
+enough; and that Raleigh in person discovered Virginia _was_ commonly
+believed. Sir Walter Scott, for instance, believed it, as appears by a
+passage at the end of _Kenilworth_. But the very title-page of Hariot's
+account of the discovery of Virginia (whether in the English of 1588, or
+the Frankfort Latin of 1590), negatives the idea of Raleigh assisting in
+person. And the _Biographia Britannica_, or, I believe, any similar work
+of authority, will show that no biographer of note has affirmed it. It
+was an expedition _fitted out_ by Raleigh which discovered Virginia.
+
+    M.
+
+It appears by the _Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia_, by
+Strachey, so ably edited by Mr. Major for the Hakluyt Society, that Sir
+Walter Raleigh sent out his first expedition to Virginia in 1584, under
+Captain Amadas; in 1585 a fleet under Sir R. Grenville, which he
+intended to have commanded in person, but jealousy at court prevented
+him. In 1587 a second fleet was sent to Roanoak under Captain White, in
+1590 supplies by Captain White, and in 1602 he sent Samuel Mace. Neither
+Oldys nor Cayley mention his having gone there; and as they carry on the
+events of his life pretty clearly year by year, I think, in reply to the
+Query of MR. BREEN, that there is pretty good evidence to show that he
+never was there.
+
+    E. N. W.
+
+  Southwark.
+
+_Siege of Londonderry_ (Vol. iv., p. 162.).--Can B. G. give any
+information respecting the list of persons who received grants of land
+in the county of Londonderry after the conclusion of the war in 1691?
+Also, whether he knows of an old ballad (cotemporary I believe) called
+"The Battle of the Boyne?" I have an old history of the siege of Derry,
+by Mr. George Walker, 1689. I should be glad to know what the pamphlet
+contains, and whether the family of Downing are mentioned in it.
+
+    A. C. L.
+
+_Cowper Law_ (Vol. iv., p. 101.).--For the satisfaction of your
+correspondent C. DE D., I transcribe from Jamieson's _Dictionary_ the
+following:
+
+  "COWPER JUSTICE, trying a man after execution: the same with
+  _Jeddart_, or _Jedburgh justice_[17] [See JEDDART JUSTICE.]
+
+      "'Yet let the present swearing trustees
+      Know they give conscience _Cowper Justice_,
+      And by subscribing it in gross,
+      Renounces every solid gloss.--
+      And if my judgement be not scant,
+      Some lybel will be relevant,
+      And all the process firm and fast,
+      To give the counsel _Jedburgh cast_.'
+            "Cleland's _Poems_, pp. 109, 110.
+
+  "This phrase is said to have had its rise from the conduct of a
+  Baron-bailie in _Coupar_-Angus, before the abolition of heritable
+  jurisdictions."
+
+  [Footnote 17: Also "_Jedwood_ Justice." See Scott's _Fair Maid of
+  Perth_, vol. xliii. p. 304.]
+
+    CHARLES THIRIOLD.
+
+  Cambridge, Sept. 8. 1851.
+
+_Decretorum Doctor_ (Vol. iv., p. 191.).--The precise meaning of this
+term is Doctor of the Canon Law. A doctor of laws was a doctor of _both
+the laws_ (that is, the Civil Law _and_ the Canon Law). The University
+of Cambridge was forbidden to grant degrees in Canon Law in 1535; and
+soon afterwards these degrees were discontinued in Oxford, in
+consequence of the repudiation of the Papal authority, although three or
+more persons took the degree of Bachelor of Decrees there in the reign
+of Queen Mary. Further details respecting the Canon Law, and the
+graduates in that faculty, will be found in Fuller's _History of the
+University of Cambridge_, ed. Priskett and Wright, pp. 220. 225.; Wood's
+_History and Antiq. of the University of Oxford_, ed. Gutch, vol. i. pp.
+63. 359.; vol. ii. pp. 67. 79. 768, 769, 770. 902.; Hallam's _Middle
+Ages_, 9th ed. vol. ii. p. 2.; _Peacock on Statutes of the University of
+Cambridge_, Appendix A. xlix. n. 1.
+
+    C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge, Sept. 13. 1851.
+
+_Nightingale and Thorn_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.), by A. W. H.:--
+
+      "Every thing did banish moan,
+      Save the nightingale alone:
+      She, poor bird, as all forlorn,
+      Leaned her breast up-till a thorn,
+      And there sung the dolefull'st ditty,
+      That to hear it was great pity."
+            Shakspeare: _Passionate Pilgrim_, xix.
+
+    W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.
+
+  Temple.
+
+The earliest allusion to this fable, that I know of, occurs in the
+_Passionate Pilgrim_, Sect. xix.
+
+Ovid, in his version of the fable of Tereus, does not introduce the
+thorn; so probably the allusion is not classical.
+
+Apollodorus also gives this myth, but I have him not to refer to.
+
+    H. E. H.
+
+_Carli the Economist_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.).--ALPHA will find in a very
+excellent work, entitled _Storia della Economia Pubblica in Italia, &c.,
+di Giuseppe Pecchio_, Lugano, 1829, 8vo., the information he requires
+regarding the first work on political economy, by an Italian writer, who
+seems to have been Gasparo Scaruffi; and also learn that Gian Rinaldo
+Carli died in 1795.
+
+    F. R. A.
+
+_Tale of a Tub_ (Vol. i., p. 326.; Vol. iii., p. 28.).--It is no wonder
+that Henry VIII.'s chancellor Sir Thomas More should have heard of an
+extraordinary tale about a tub, since its earliest form--the model of so
+many copies--is in Apuleius, at the beginning of the 9th book. It forms
+likewise the argument of the second novel of Boccacio's _Seventh Day,
+ove_ "Peronella mette un suo amante in un doglio." Girolamo Morlino told
+the same objectionable story in Latin; and Agnolo Firenzuola, the
+Italian translator of Apuleius, seems to have adopted the witty
+Florentine's imagery, forgetting the original which he professed to
+follow. See Manni, _Istoria del Decamerone_, Firenze, 1742, pp. 466.
+472. "Tale of a tub," like Conte de peau d'�ne, Conte de la Cigogne,
+Conte de la M�re Oie, denotes a marvellous or cock and bull story--Conte
+gras, Conte pour rire. There is no doubt that Jean-Jaques' miniature
+French opera, _Le Tonnelier_, was founded, though through certain
+strainers well refined, on the wicked Milesian fiction of the African
+jester:
+
+      "Un tonnelier vieux et jaloux
+        Aimait une jeune berg�re:
+      Il voulait �tre son �poux,
+        Mais il n'avait pas su lui plaire:
+          Travaillez, travaillez, bon tonnelier!
+          Raccommodez votre cuvier!"
+
+    GEORGE M�TIVIER.
+
+_Wyle Cop_ (Vol. iv., p. 116.).--May not Wyle Cop be derived from the
+Anglo-Saxon _wylle_, well or fountain, and _cop_, head or top? SALOPIAN
+can perhaps judge whether "_Fountain Hill_" or "_Well Head_" would be at
+all applicable to the Wyle Cop in Shrewsbury.
+
+    THOS. LAWRENCE.
+
+  Ashby de la Zouch.
+
+_Visiting Cards_ (Vol. iv., pp. 133. 195.).--"Marriage �-la-Mode," Plate
+IV., supplies an additional proof of playing cards having done duty as
+Visiting Cards and Cards of Invitation during the middle of the last
+century. There are several lying on the floor, in the right-hand corner
+of the picture. One is inscribed--"Count Basset begs to no how Lade
+Squander sleapt last nite."
+
+    C. FORBES.
+
+  Temple.
+
+_Absalom's Hair_ (Vol. iv., p. 131.).--Your correspondent P. P. remarks
+in the number of "NOTES AND QUERIES" for August 23, that "Absalom's long
+hair had nothing to do with his death; his head itself, and not the hair
+upon it, having been caught in the boughs of the tree." Even allowing
+the silence of Scripture upon the matter, the tradition has certainly
+the basis of respectable antiquity to rest on. Bishop J. Taylor thus
+writes in his _Second Sermon upon St. Matthew_, xvi. 26. _ad finem_:--
+
+  "The Doctors of the Jews report that when _Absalom hanged among
+  the oaks by the hair of the head_, he seemed to see under him Hell
+  gaping wide ready to receive him; and he _durst not cut off the
+  hair that intangled him_, for fear he should fall into the horrid
+  Lake, whose portion is flames and torment, but chose to protract
+  his miserable life a few minutes in that pain of posture, and to
+  abide the stroke of his pursuing enemies. His condition was sad
+  when his arts of remedy were so vain."
+
+    RT.
+
+  Warmington, Sept. 3, 1851.
+
+_MS. Book of Sentences_ (Vol. iv., p. 188.).--The name of the Durham
+monk referred to by W. S. W. is more probably "Swallwell" than
+"Wallwell," because the former is the name of a township or vill in
+Durham county.
+
+    E. S.
+
+_The Winchester Execution_ (Vol. iv., p. 191.).--The narrative related
+from memory of M. W. B. bears on its face strong indications of fiction:
+according to that statement a sheepstealer was "some years ago"
+condemned to death; a "warrant" for his execution was made out, but
+mislaid, by whom does not appear. After the lapse of years, during which
+the prisoner had been employed in "executing commissions in distant
+places" for the gaoler, and in obtaining a high character for his
+amiable and moral conduct, the fatal warrant arrives, and is "forwarded
+to the high sheriff, and to the delinquent himself," who is forthwith
+hanged.
+
+Any one acquainted with the course of practice at assizes at the period
+to which this anecdote refers, must be aware that no "warrant," in the
+sense in which the word is here used, was ever made out in such cases.
+The prisoner is legally in the custody of the sheriff when sentence is
+passed in court, and he leaves the court in that same custody. The
+judgment so pronounced is itself the warrant, though a short memorandum
+or note of it is officially made at the time; unless the judge reprieves
+or suspends the sentence, no sheriff waits for any further authority,
+and as for the unfortunate delinquent, no judge, sheriff, or gaoler ever
+supposed that any copy of a warrant was to be handed to the prisoner
+himself! During the interval between sentence and execution, if there be
+no reprieve or release from imprisonment by the authority of the
+executive, the prisoner is, and always has been, kept by the sheriff _in
+salv� et arct� custodi�_ in the county gaol. The idea of an employment
+for years in rambling about the country on the gaoler's errands, is a
+preposterous figment, composed by some novelist who was unacquainted
+with the needful machinery for giving an air of verisimilitude to his
+story. The legend seems to be a version of the fate of Sir W. Raleigh
+adapted to low life; as in his case the scene is laid at Winchester, but
+the machinery and decorations are not contrived with a due regard to
+probability.
+
+      "Quodcunque essendis mihi sic, incredulus odi."
+
+    E. S.
+
+_Locke's MSS._ (Vol. iii., p. 337.).--A good account of Locke's MSS. is
+to be found in Blakey's _History of Metaphysics_. They were in the
+possession of the Forster family, whose representative, Dr. Forster,
+M.D., is now, or was very lately, residing at Bruges.
+
+    �GROTUS.
+
+_Peal of Bells_ (Vol. i., p. 154.).--The definition of a _peal_, viz.,
+"a performance of above 5,000 changes," was recently confirmed to me by
+the two following inscriptions, which I read in the belfry of the curfew
+tower at Windsor:--
+
+  "Feb. 21, 1748, was rung in this steeple a complete 5,040 of union
+  trebles, never performed here before."
+
+  "College Youths.--This society rung in this steeple, Tuesday,
+  April 10, 1787, _a true and complete peal_ of 5,040 grandsire
+  triples in three hours and fourteen minutes."
+
+A stone tablet in the bell chamber of Ecclesfield church records, that a
+few months ago "was rung in this tower _a peal_ of Kent treble bob
+major, consisting of 5,024 changes in three hours and five minutes."
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Pope's "honest Factor"_ (Vol. iv., p. 6.).--If any one ever made a
+rational guess at who this _factor_ may have been, he must have been
+still more likely to have known who was meant by _Sir Balaam_, at whose
+identity I have never yet heard a guess. I suppose that both _factor_
+and _knight_ were fancy characters.
+
+    C.
+
+_Bells in Churches_ (Vol. iv., p. 165.).--The judgment stated to have
+been given by Lord Chief Justice _Campbell_, was given by Lord Chief
+Justice _Jervis_.
+
+    C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge.
+
+_Virgil, Passage from_ (Vol. iii., p. 499.).--The line of Virgil
+(_Georg._, lib. iv. 87.) quoted,
+
+      "Pulveris exigui jactu compressa quiescunt,"
+
+and the preceding line,
+
+    "Hi motus animorum atque h�c certamina tanta,"
+
+have been happily applied to the contrasted quiescence of
+_Ash_-Wednesday immediately succeeding the tumultuous carnival in Roman
+Catholic countries, when the cross marked by _ashes_ on the forehead
+lulls to quiet the turbulent spirits of the previous weeks.
+
+    J. R.
+
+_Duke of Berwick_ (Vol. iv., p. 133.).--The Duke of Berwick, born in
+1671, and so created the 19th of March, 1687, by his father (natural)
+James II., was indeed a Spanish grandee, which he was made by Philip V.,
+after his victory of Almanza, in 1707; but the title was Liria, not
+Alva, which belonged to the great house of Toledo, and was rendered
+famous (or infamous) by its bearer under Philip II. Berwick, however,
+transferred this Spanish title of Liria to his son James, by his first
+wife Honera de Burgh, daughter of William, seventh Earl of Clanrickard,
+with the annexed territory, or _majorat_. She was the widow of Patrick
+Sarsfield, Earl of Lucan, who conducted 14,000 Irish refugees to France
+in 1691, after the surrender of Limerick to Ginkle. She died of
+consumption, still young, at Montpelier, in 1698. The Duke of St. Simon,
+in his _M�moires_, tome ii. p. 92., describes her as "belle, faite �
+peindre, touchante--une nymphe enfin;" but, though personally acquainted
+with her, he names her the daughter, instead of the widow, of Lucan.
+Berwick afterwards married Miss Buckley, one of the Queen Mary d'Este's
+maids of honour, by whom he had several children, who assumed the name
+of Fitz-James. Their descendants were colonels or proprietaires of the
+Irish Brigade regiment, called, after their founder, Berwick. The
+Spanish branch still maintains its rank and estates. Berwick was killed
+at the siege of Philpsburg, in Baden, the 12th June, 1734. His military
+talents were of acknowledged superiority; so far more resembling his
+uncle Marlborough than his father, whose dastardly flight at the Boyne
+he indignantly witnessed. His _M�moires_, in two volumes 12mo., were
+published from his manuscript by his grandson, the Duke of Fitz-James,
+in 1778.
+
+    J. R.
+
+  Cork.
+
+_Nullus and Nemo_ (Vol. iv., p. 153.).--The interpretation of "M.'s"
+woodcut will be found in Ulrich von Hutten's elegiac verses, which are
+exhibited in his [Greek: OUTIS], NEMO. Your correspondent's amusing
+conjecture about "nobody's child" was quite correct, as these lines
+prove:
+
+      "Qu�rendus puero pater est: Nemo obtigit. At tu,
+      Si me audis, alium stulta require patrem."
+
+I suspect that "M.'s" old 4to. tracts bear a somewhat earlier date than
+1520-30; but probably, this matter might be determined by Burckhard's
+_Commentarius de Ulrici ab Hutten fatis et meritis_, or by his
+_Analecta_ (Cf. Freytag, _Adpar. Lit._ iii. 519.), or by means of
+M�nck's collection of De Hutten's works. I happen to have copies of two
+editions of the _Nemo_, which, though they are undated, must appertain
+to the year 1518. This was not, however, the period of the first
+publication of the poem; for the author, in a letter addressed to
+Erasmus in October, 1516, mentions it as having then appeared (Niceron,
+_M�moires_, xv. 266.): but the original impression of this satirical
+performance is without the prefatory epistle to Crotus Rubianus [Johan
+Jager], who is believed to have had no inconsiderable share in the
+composition of the celebrated _Epistol� obscurorum Virorum_.
+
+    R. G.
+
+_Grimsdyke_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--I can mention at all events one other
+earthwork named Grimsdyke in England--the great earthwork, viz., south
+of Salisbury, which is called Grimsdyke. Mr. Guest has stated his belief
+that it was not a Belgic work, but a boundary line made by the Welsh
+after the treaty of the Mons Badonicus.
+
+    W. S. G.
+
+  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
+
+_Coke, how pronounced_ (Vol. iv., pp. 24. 93. 138.).--Respecting the
+pronunciation of the name of Coke at page 138., I recollect having some
+discussion on it in 1812 with the late Mr. Andrew Lynch, Master in
+Chancery, then a student at the Temple, when he corrected me for calling
+it _Cooke_, which he maintained should be called _Coake_. We happened to
+dine that day at Mr. Charles Butler's, his future father-in-law, and
+agreed to refer the matter to him who had been associated with Hargrave
+in publishing Sir Edward Coke's _Commentaries on Littleton_ (1809, 7
+vols. 8vo.). Mr. Butler at once decided the question in my favour,
+adding that he had never heard the name otherwise pronounced, and that
+_Coake_ was quite a novelty, which he should never adopt--indeed, I am
+sure it is so, though now I find it generally prevalent.
+
+    J. R.
+
+  Cork.
+
+_Marcus �lius Antoninus_ (Vol. iv., p. 152.).--I think that your
+correspondent will not readily ascertain the owner of this pseudonyme;
+but, in the presumed absence of any opposing evidence, I would suggest
+that the mask may belong to Marc-Antonio Flaminio. Melancthon's
+excellent _Responsio ad scriptum quorundam delectorum � Clero secundario
+Coloni� Agrippin�_, 4to., Francfurdi�, 1543, is now before me, but it
+does not allude to the _Querela_ set forth in the same year. It is said
+that the framer of the Cologne _Judicium_ against Bucer was the
+Carmelite Eberhardus Billicus; and TYRO may be assured that he is
+fortunate if he be a possessor of the tract by the fictitious Antoninus;
+for, in the words of Seckendorf,--
+
+  "Ex scriptis reliquis, occasione Reformationis Coloniensis tunc
+  publicatis, plurima in oblivionem fere venerunt, nec facile hodie
+  inveniuntur, typis licet olim excusa."--_Comm. de Luther._ lib.
+  iii. sect. 27. � cvii. p. 437. Francof. 1692.
+
+    R. G.
+
+
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+The sculptures which have been preserved with comparatively little
+injury for upwards of six centuries on the western front of the
+venerable cathedral of Wells have long excited the wonder and curiosity,
+as well as admiration, of all who looked upon them. All have been ready
+to recognise in them the expression of some grand design; but it has
+been reserved for Professor Cockerell to penetrate, through the
+quaintness of the style and the dilapidations of centuries, into their
+noble aim and purpose, and to describe at length this "extensive but
+hitherto unedited commentary in living sculpture of the thirteenth
+century, upon our earliest dynasties, our churchmen, and religious
+creed." This he has done in a handsome and richly illustrated volume,
+lately published by Mr. Parker under the title of _Iconography of the
+West Front of Wells Cathedral, with an Appendix on the Sculptures of
+other Medi�val Churches in England_: and the work will be found of the
+highest interest, not only for its valuable illustration of this
+"kalender for unlearned men," which we owe to the piety and love of art
+of Bishop Trotman, and which Flaxman speaks of as "_the earliest
+specimen_ of such magnificent and varied sculpture united in a series of
+sacred history that is to be found in western Europe," but also for the
+light it throws upon the history of art in this country. For not only
+have we in these pages the results of Professor Cockerell's studies of
+the extensive and important series of sculptures which form the
+immediate subject of them; but also his criticisms and remarks upon the
+cognate objects to be found at Exeter, Norwich, Malmesbury, Canterbury,
+Rochester, York, Beverley, Lichfield, Worcester, Lincoln, Gloucester,
+Salisbury, Peterborough, Croyland, and Bath. And who can speak with
+greater authority upon such points? whose opinion would be received with
+greater respect?
+
+Surely Rome must have been styled the _Eternal City_ because there is no
+end to the books which are published respecting it:
+
+  "For every year and month sends forth a new one;"
+
+yet the subject never seems exhausted. Now it is a high churchman who
+gives a picture of this "Niobe of nations," tinted _couleur de rose_;
+now a low churchman, who talks of nothing but abominations of a deeper
+dye; now some classical student tells how--
+
+      "The Goth, the Christian, time, war, flood, and fire
+      Have dealt upon the seven hill'd city's pride;"
+
+now some worshipper of art, who unfolds the treasures garnered within
+its walls; now a politician loud in his praises of Young Italy, or his
+condemnation of foreign interference. The Chevalier de Chatelaine is
+none of these, or rather, he is almost all of them by turns; and
+consequently his _Rambles though Rome, descriptive of the Social,
+Political, and Ecclesiastical Condition of the City and its
+Inhabitants_, is a volume of pleasant gossip, more amusing to the reader
+than flattering to the character of the Roman people or those who govern
+them.
+
+CATALOGUE RECEIVED.--J. G. Bell's (17. Bedford Street, Covent Garden)
+Catalogue of Autograph Letters and other Documents, English and Foreign.
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+      WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+FEARNE'S ESSAY ON HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS, 4to.
+
+BISHOP KIDDER'S LIFE OF ANTHONY HORNECK.
+
+TIGHE'S LIFE OF LAW.
+
+MACROPEDII, HECASTUS FABULA. 8vo. Antwerp, 1539.
+
+OMNES GEORGII MACROPEDII FABUL� COMIC�. Utrecht, 1552. 2 Vols. 8vo.
+
+OTHONIS LEXICON RABBINICUM.
+
+PLATO. Vols. VIII. X. XI. of the Bipont Edition.
+
+PARKINSON'S SERMONS. Vol. I.
+
+ATHEN�UM. Oct. and Nov. 1848. Parts CCL., CCLI.
+
+WILLIS' PRICE CURRENT. Nos. I. III. V. XXIV. XXVI. XXVII.--XLV.
+
+RABBI SALOMON JARCHI (RASCHI) COMMENTAR �BER DEN PENTATEUCH VON L.
+HAYMANN. Bonn, 1833.
+
+RABBI SOLOMON JARCHI (RASCHI) �BER DAS ERSTE BUCH MOSIS VON L. HAYMANN.
+Bonn, 1833.
+
+No. 3 of SUMMER PRODUCTIONS, or PROGRESSIVE MISCELLANIES, by Thomas
+Johnson. London, 1790.
+
+HISTORY OF VIRGINIA. Folio. London, 1624.
+
+THE APOLOGETICS OF ATHENAGORAS, Englished by D. Humphreys. London, 1714.
+8vo.
+
+BOVILLUS DE ANIM� IMMORTALITATE, ETC. Lugduni, 1522. 4to.
+
+KUINOEL'S NOV. TEST. Tom. I.
+
+THE FRIEND, by Coleridge. Vol. III. Pickering.
+
+  [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
+  _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+MR. J. F. HARKINS _will find the information he wishes respecting the
+dramatic works of Bishop Bale, &c., in Mr. Collier's_ History of
+Dramatic Poetry. The Arraignment of Paris _is printed in Peele's works;
+and the plays attributed to Shakspeare, in a supplement to Knight's_
+Pictorial Shakspeare. _The other Queries shall appear very shortly._
+
+A. N. _The communication referred to shall be found_ if possible; _but
+the number of papers we receive is not_ small, _as our correspondent
+supposes._
+
+J. B. C.'s _communication was certainly intended for insertion. It shall
+be looked out and printed, with as little delay as possible._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Marriage of Bishops--Names of Vermin
+and Payments for destroying--Suicides buried in Cross
+Roads--Tobacco used by Elizabethan Ladies--Ball that
+killed Nelson--Serpent with a Human Head--Bidding Weddings--White
+Rose--Annals of the Inquisition--Pope and Flatman--Quotation
+from Bacon--Story referred to by Jeremy Taylor--Lord
+Mayor not a Privy Councillor--Borough-English--The Sun
+Feminine--Sacre Cheveux--Blessing by the Hand--Nao a
+Ship--Illumination in 1802--Miserrimus--Tennyson--St. Frances--Whig and
+Tory--Simnels--Devenisch--Discovery of the Drowned--Forthfare--Royal
+Library, &c.--Antiquity of Kilts--Cagots--Burton Family--Fire
+unknown--Mad as a March Hare--Grimsdyke--Freedom from Serpents._
+
+_Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H.,
+_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by
+circulating them._
+
+VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had,
+price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped
+Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office
+Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet
+Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be
+addressed._
+
+_Erratum._--Vol. iii., p. 522., after the last word in the article on
+MOSAIC, add "by Alex. de La Borde."
+
+
+
+
+BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR OCTOBER.
+
+  NEANDER'S HISTORY OF THE PLANTING OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH, Vol.
+  2., containing the Author's Recent Additions. Also, ANTIGNOSTIKUS,
+  or Spirit of Tertullian. Translated from the German by J. E.
+  RYLAND. Post 8vo. 3_s._ 6_d._
+
+  HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+
+BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR OCTOBER.
+
+  OVID'S METAMORPHOSES, literally translated into English Prose,
+  with Notes, and Explanation of each Fable. Post 8vo. Frontispiece.
+  5_s._
+
+  HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+
+BOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR OCTOBER.
+
+  DIDRON'S CHRISTIAN ICONOGRAPHY; a History of Christian Art,
+  translated from the French, with upwards of 150 beautiful outline
+  Engravings, in 2 vols., post 8vo. Vol. I. 5_s._
+
+  HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+
+BOHN'S SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY FOR OCTOBER.
+
+  STOCKHARDT'S PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY, exemplified in a Series of
+  Simple Experiments, with upwards of 200 Diagrams and Engravings.
+  Translated from the German. Post 8vo. 5_s._
+
+  HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+
+AUTOGRAPHS.--Just published, price One Shilling (returned to
+purchasers), A CATALOGUE of a large Collection of Autograph Letters,
+&c., with Biographical and Critical Dates, Notes, and Extracts (sent by
+post for Twelve Stamps).
+
+  London: JOHN GRAY BELL, 17. Bedford Street, Covent Garden.
+
+
+THE TRAVELLER'S LIBRARY.
+
+  On Wednesday next will by published, 16mo. price One Shilling,
+
+  MR. MACAULAY'S TWO ESSAYS ON RANKE'S HISTORY of the POPES and on
+  GLADSTONE ON CHURCH AND STATE. Forming the Eighth Part of THE
+  TRAVELLER'S LIBRARY. To be continued Monthly, price One Shilling
+  each Part.
+
+  Part 1 contains WARREN HASTINGS, by T. B. Macaulay.
+
+  Part 2 contains LORD CLIVE, by T. B. Macaulay.
+
+  Part 3, LONDON in 1850-51. By J. R. M'Culloch, Esq.
+
+  Part 4, SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY. From the "Spectator." With Notes
+  and Illustrations, by W. H. Wills.
+
+  Part 5, WILLIAM PITT, EARL OF CHATHAM, by T. B. Macaulay.
+
+  Parts 6 and 7, MR. S. LAING'S JOURNAL of a RESIDENCE IN NORWAY.
+  Complete in Two Parts.
+
+  Parts 9 and 10, on Nov. 1, will comprise a New Edition of EOTHEN,
+  complete in Two Parts, price One Shilling each.
+
+  London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS.
+
+
+COMPANION ATLAS TO THE WORKS OF HUMBOLDT, SOMERVILLE, &c.
+
+  On Nov. 1st, New Edition, extra Maps, price 12_s._ 6_d._, crimson
+  cl. gilt,
+
+  THE HAND ATLAS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, a series of 24 fo. and 4to.
+  Maps and Plates, with 11 Index Maps, full coloured illustration of
+  the Geographical distribution of Natural Phenomena, from Dr.
+  Berghan's Atlas, and Original Maps drawn by and under the
+  Superintendence of Drs. Ritter, Kiepert, Grimm, O'Etzell, &c.
+
+  Shortly (by request),
+
+  THE HISTORICAL ATLAS, from the SUBVERSION of the WESTERN ROMAN
+  EMPIRE to the ABDICATION of NAPOLEON. 15 Maps. 4to., 7_s._ 6_d._
+  cloth.
+
+  Published by EDWARD GOWER. Princes Street, Bedford Row; SIMPKIN &
+  Co.; WHITTAKER & Co.; HAMILTON & Co.; AYLOTT & JONES; and R.
+  THEOBALD: Edinburgh, MENZIES: Dublin, M'GLASHEN.
+
+
+PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET.
+
+  CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS.
+
+      Established 1806. Policy Holders' Capital. 1,192,818_l._
+      Annual Income. 150,000_l._--Bonuses Declared, 743,000_l._
+      Claims paid since the Establishment of the office, 2,001,450_l._
+
+      _President._
+      The Right Honourable EARL GREY.
+
+      _Directors._
+      The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_.
+      Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman_.
+
+      Henry B. Alexander, Esq.
+      George Dacre, Esq.
+      William Judd, Esq.
+      Sir Richard D. King, Bart.
+      The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird
+      Thomas Maugham, Esq.
+      William Ostler, Esq.
+      Apsley Pellatt, Esq.
+      George Round, Esq.
+      Frederick Squire, Esq.
+      William Henry Stone, Esq.
+      Capt. William John Williams.
+
+  J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_.
+
+  _Physician_--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague Street,
+  Montague Square.
+
+      NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.
+
+  Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of
+  Bonuses.
+
+      ------+--------+----------------------+---------------------------
+       Date |        |                      |       Bonuses added
+        of  |  Sum   |   Original Premium.  |    subsequently, to be
+      Policy|Insured.|                      |further increased annually.
+      ------+--------+----------------------+---------------------------
+       1806 | �2500  |�79 10 10 Extinguished|      �1222  2  0
+       1811 |  1000  | 33 19  2    Ditto    |        231 17  8
+       1818 |  1000  | 34 16 10    Ditto    |        114 18 10
+      ------+--------+----------------------+---------------------------
+
+  Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.
+
+      ------+-----+--------+----------+------------------
+      Policy|     |  Sum   | Bonuses  |   Total with
+        No. |Date.|Insured.|  added.  | Additions to be
+            |     |        |          |further increased.
+      ------+-----+--------+----------+------------------
+        521 | 1807|  �900  |�982 12  1|   �1882 12  1
+       1174 | 1810|  1200  |1160  5  6|    2360  5  6
+       3392 | 1820|  5000  |3558 17  8|    8558 17  8
+      ------+-----+--------+----------+------------------
+
+  Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application
+  to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the
+  United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No.
+  50. Regent Street.
+
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE
+
+  AND
+
+  HISTORICAL REVIEW.
+
+  In an age which claims to give peculiar attention to whatever is
+  useful and practical, the GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE has stepped forward
+  to occupy the vacant post of an Historical Review. Gentlemen
+  eminently conversant with the various branches of historical study
+  are constant contributors, and every endeavour is made to render
+  the Magazine a worthy organ and representative of Historical and
+  Arch�ological Literature. In its Original Articles, historical
+  questions are considered and discussed; in its Correspondence, the
+  researches and inquiries of historical students are promoted; in
+  its Reviews, prominent attention is given to all historical books;
+  its Historical Chronicle and Notes of the Month contain a record
+  of such recent events as are worthy of being kept in remembrance;
+  its Obituary is a faithful memorial of all persons of eminence
+  lately deceased; and these divisions of the Magazine are so
+  treated and blended together as to render the whole attractive and
+  interesting to all classes of readers.
+
+      THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,
+      FOR JULY, 1851,
+      THE FIRST OF A NEW VOLUME,
+
+  Contains the following articles:--1. The Present State of English
+  Historical Literature: the Record Offices; 2. Bill for King
+  Charles's Pedestal at Charing Cross; 3. Anecdotes from the
+  Day-books of Dr. Henry Sampson; 4. The Infinity of Geometric
+  Design (with Engravings); 5. Christian Iconography, by J. G.
+  Waller: Principalities, Archangels, and Angels (with Engravings);
+  6. Companions of my Solitude; 7. Mr. P. Cunningham's Story of Nell
+  Gwynn, Chapter VII. (with Portraits of her two Sons); 8. Sussex
+  Arch�ology (with Engravings); 9. Horace Walpole and Mason; 10.
+  National Education; with Notes of the Month, Review of New
+  Publications, Reports of Scientific and Antiquarian Society, and
+  OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Earl of Shaftesbury, the Earl
+  of Cottenham, Right Hon. R. L. Shiel, Rev. W. M. Kinsey, Mrs.
+  Shelly, Mr. Dowton, &c.
+
+      THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,
+      FOR AUGUST, 1851,
+
+    Contains the following articles:--1. Memoirs of William
+  Wordsworth, Poet Laureate; 2. Letter of Bossuet respecting the
+  Death of Henrietta, Duchess of Orleans; 3. Curiosities of the old
+  Church Canons, No. II.; 4. Who were the Anglo-Saxon Kings crowned
+  at Kingston? 5. The Story of Nell Gwynn, related by Peter
+  Cunningham, concluded; 6. The Galleys of England and France; 7.
+  Parliamentary Robes for a Prince of Wales; 8. Christian
+  Iconography, by J. G. Waller; 9. Ruins of Vaudey Abbey,
+  Lincolnshire; 10. Seal with a Merchant's Mark; with Correspondence
+  on Subjects of Popular Interest, Notes of the Month, Review of New
+  Publications, Reports of Scientific and Antiquarian Societies. The
+  OBITUARY for August contains several Biographies of great
+  interest, viz., The Earl of Derby, K.G., President of the
+  Zoological Society; Viscount Melville, formerly First Lord of the
+  Admiralty; Right Hon. William Lascelles, Comptroller of Her
+  Majesty's Household; Admiral Sir Edward Codrington, G.C.B.; Sir J.
+  Graham Dalyell, Bart., the Scotish Antiquary and Naturalist; Lord
+  Dundrennan, the Scotish Judge; Dr. Adams, the eminent Civilian;
+  Colonel Michell, late Surveyor at the Cape; Mr. Dyce Sombre; Mr.
+  Thorneycroft, of Wolverhampton; Mr. St. George Tucker, the East
+  India Director; Sir George S. Gibbes, M.D., late of Bath; Dr.
+  Kennedy, the Medical Bibliographer; Dr. Mackness, of Hastings;
+  Mrs. Sheridan, Author of "Carwell"; Mrs. Atthill (Miss Halsted),
+  Author of "the Life of Richard III.;" Richard Phillips, F.R.S.,
+  the Chemist; D. M. Moir, Esq., the Delta of Blackwood; Mr. Thomas
+  Moule, the Antiquary; The Rev. Jelinger Symons; Rev. N. J. Halpin;
+  Tieck and Henning, the Sculptors, &c. &c. A Biographical List of
+  Clergymen deceased, and Deaths of the Nobility, Gentry, and other
+  Remarkable Persons.
+
+      THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,
+      FOR SEPTEMBER, 1851,
+
+  Contains the following articles: 1. Who was Sir Miles Hobart? 2.
+  Palgrave's Normandy and England; 3. Petition against the return of
+  George Gascoigne the Poet to Parliament; 4. Municipal Franchises
+  of the Middle Ages illustrated by Documents from the Archives of
+  Leicester; 5. Ulrich von Hutten; 6. Original Papers about William
+  Penn, contributed by Hepworth Dixon; 7. Edward Bickersteth; 8.
+  Christian Iconography and Legendary Art: the Four Evangelists, by
+  J. G. Waller; 9. Breydenbach's Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, with
+  two Plates; 10. Literary Admission to the Public Records; 11.
+  Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban; 12. Notes of the Month. With a
+  full Report of the Proceedings of the Arch�ological Institute at
+  Bristol and at Wells; Historical Chronicle; and OBITUARY,
+  including Memoirs of Sir Edward Stracey, Dr. Lingard, Sir Francis
+  Simpkinson, Q.C., Mr. Rogers, Q.C., Mrs. Harriet Lee, T. W. Hill,
+  Esq., and other eminent persons.
+
+      THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,
+      FOR OCTOBER, 1851,
+
+  Contains the following articles:--1. Original Letters of Edmund
+  Burke, relative to his office of Paymaster General; 2. Ulrich Von
+  Hutten, Part II. The Wurtemburg Tragedy; 3. Monk and the
+  Restoration; 4. Historical Illustrations of the reign of Henry
+  VII., his Visit to York in 1487; 5. Recent Discoveries near Rome,
+  communicated by Benjamin Gibson, Esq., with Engravings; 6. Memoir
+  of Bishop Copleston; 7. Memoir of Colonel Springett the Puritan,
+  by his Daughter; 8. Original Letters of King James II. relating to
+  the Siege of Derry; 9. Bolton Church, Lincolnshire, with a Plate.
+  With various Correspondence; Notes of the Month; Reports of the
+  Arch�ological Meetings at Derby, Bristol, Tenby, Ely, Swaffham,
+  Leighton Buzzard, &c. &c.; Historical Chronicle; and OBITUARY,
+  including Memoirs of the Earl of Clare, Rear-Admiral Lord John
+  Hay, Hon. Keppel Craven, Sir Henry Jardine, Charles Koenig, Esq.,
+  F.R.S., Dr. O'Sullivan, Dr. Edward Johnstone, Edward Quillinan,
+  Esq., Mons. Daguerre, &c. &c.
+
+  THE GENTLEMEN'S MAGAZINE is published on the 1st of every month by
+  NICHOLS & SON, 25. Parliament Street, Westminster, price 2_s._
+  6_d._, and may be ordered of any Bookseller.
+
+
+NEW WORKS NEARLY READY.
+
+  I.
+
+  SIR J. RICHARDSON'S JOURNAL OF A BOAT VOYAGE THROUGH RUPERT'S LAND
+  and along the Central Arctic Coasts in Search of the Discovery
+  Ships under SIR J. FRANKLIN. With coloured Plates, Maps, and
+  Woodcuts. 2 vols. 8vo.
+
+  II.
+
+  A NATURALIST'S SOJOURN IN JAMAICA. BY P. H. GOSSE, Esq., Author of
+  "Popular British Ornithology," &c. With coloured Plates. Post 8vo.
+
+  III.
+
+  LECTURES ON THE HISTORY OF FRANCE, delivered in the University of
+  Cambridge. By the Right Hon. SIR JAMES STEPHEN, K.C.B., LL.D.,
+  Professor of Modern History in the University of Cambridge. 2
+  vols. 8vo.
+
+  IV.
+
+  THE REV. C. MERIVALE'S HISTORY OF THE ROMANS UNDER THE EMPIRE.
+  Vol. III. completing the History to the Establishment of the
+  Monarchy of Augustus. 8vo.
+
+  V.
+
+  BISHOP THIRLWALL'S HISTORY OF GREECE. An Improved Library Edition;
+  with Maps. Vol. VI. 8vo. In October.
+
+  [Star symbol] The concluding Volumes (VII. and VIII.) will be ready
+  shortly.
+
+  VI.
+
+  SHARON TURNER'S HISTORY OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS, from the Earliest
+  Period to the Norman Conquest. Seventh Edition. 3 vols. 8vo.
+
+  VII.
+
+  WESLEY AND METHODISM. By ISAAC TAYLOR, Author of "Loyola and
+  Jesuitism," &c. Post 8vo. Portrait.
+
+  VIII.
+
+  HIPPOLYTUS AND HIS AGE; or, Doctrine and Practice of the Church of
+  Rome under Commodus and Alexander Severus. By C. C. J. BUNSEN,
+  D.C.L. 2 vols. post 8vo.
+
+  IX.
+
+  TREATISE ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICAL INFLUENCE OF TAXATION AND
+  THE FUNDING SYSTEM. By J. R. M'CULLOCH, Esq. New and Improved
+  Edition. 8vo.
+
+  X.
+
+  TREATISE ON THE CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH DETERMINE THE RULE OF WAGES
+  AND THE CONDITION OF THE LABOURING CLASSES. By J. R. M'CULLOCH,
+  Esq.
+
+  XI.
+
+  MR. J. A. SHARP'S NEW AND COMPLETE GAZETTEER, or Topographical
+  Dictionary of the British Islands and Narrow Seas; comprising
+  above 60,000 Names of Places. 2 vols. 8vo. uniform with Johnston's
+  "New General Gazetteer."
+
+  XII.
+
+  THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES; or, Rolls of the Official Personages of the
+  British Empire. Being a New Edition, improved and continued, of
+  BEAT-ON'S POLITICAL INDEX. By JOSEPH HAYDN. In One Volume, 8vo.
+
+  XIII.
+
+  ENGLISH AGRICULTURE IN 1850 AND 1851, its Condition and Prospects.
+  By JAMES CAIRD, Agricultural Commissioner of "The Times," and
+  Author of "High Farming, under Liberal Covenants." 8vo.
+
+  XIV.
+
+  HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH RAILWAY: its Social Relations and
+  Revelations. By JOHN FRANCIS, Author of "History of the Bank of
+  England." 2 vols. 8vo.
+
+  London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.
+
+
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the city of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September 27, 1851.
+
+
+
+
+      [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV]
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |
+      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 88  | July  5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 89  | July 12, 1851      |  17- 31 | PG # 37568 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 90  | July 19, 1851      |  33- 47 | PG # 37593 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 91  | July 26, 1851      |  49- 79 | PG # 37778 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 92  | August  2, 1851    |  81- 94 | PG # 38324 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 93  | August  9, 1851    |  97-112 | PG # 38337 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 94  | August 16, 1851    | 113-127 | PG # 38350 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 95  | August 23, 1851    | 129-144 | PG # 38386 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 96  | August 30, 1851    | 145-167 | PG # 38405 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No.  97 | Sept.  6, 1851     | 169-183 | PG # 38433 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  98 | Sept. 13, 1851     | 185-200 | PG # 38491 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  99 | Sept. 20, 1851     | 201-216 | PG # 38574 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]             | PG # 13536 |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850     | PG # 13571 |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851     | PG # 26770 |
+      +------------------------------------------------+------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number
+100, September 27, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, SEPT 27, 1851 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 38656-8.txt or 38656-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/6/5/38656/
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/38656-8.zip b/38656-8.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8432ee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38656-8.zip
diff --git a/38656-h.zip b/38656-h.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1936a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38656-h.zip
diff --git a/38656-h/38656-h.htm b/38656-h/38656-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b7ccad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38656-h/38656-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,5271 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
+     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Notes and Queries Vol. IV., No. 100, Saturday, September 27. 1851.</title>
+<link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" />
+
+<style type="text/css">
+body  {   font-size:1em;text-align:justify;margin-left:10%;margin-right:10%; }
+h1 span   { display:block;text-align:center;margin-top:2%;margin-bottom:5%; }
+h2 span   { display:block;text-align:center;margin-top:7.5%;margin-bottom:1%; }
+h3 span   { display:block;text-align:center;margin-top:7.5%;margin-bottom:2%;font-size:107%;font-weight:normal; }
+h4 span   { font-weight:normal;font-size:1em;margin-left:1em; }
+#idno  { font-size:30%;margin-top:12%;margin-bottom:.5%; }
+#id1   { font-size:45%;margin-top:2%;margin-bottom:.5%;  }
+#id2   { font-size:15%;margin-top:2%;margin-bottom:.5%;  }
+#id3   { font-size:55%;margin-top:2%;margin-bottom:15%;  }
+p   { text-indent:1em;margin-top:.75%;margin-bottom:.75%; }
+a:focus, a:active          { outline:yellow solid thin;background-color:yellow; }
+a:focus img, a:active img  { outline:yellow solid thin; }
+.author   { font-size:smaller;text-align:right;margin-left:10%;margin-right:47%;margin-top:.5em;margin-bottom:1em;  }
+.bla      { font-style:italic;  }
+.blockquot    {  text-indent:0em;margin-left:5%;margin-right:5%;margin-top:1.5%;margin-bottom:2%;  }
+.botnum       {  font-size:x-small;vertical-align:text-bottom; }
+.box  { font-size:smaller;margin-left:2%;margin-right:2%;margin-top:1.5%;margin-bottom:1.5%;padding:2%;  }
+.boxad { margin-top:2%;margin-bottom:2%;margin-left:25%;margin-right:25%;border-top:thin dotted;border-bottom:thin solid;font-size:smaller; }
+.center   { text-align:center;  }
+.center1  { text-align:center;font-size:112%;margin-top:5%;margin-bottom:2.5%;   }
+.center2  { text-align:center;font-size:150%; }
+.fnanchor          { font-size: x-small;vertical-align:text-top; }
+.footnote .label   { font-size: x-small;vertical-align:text-top; }
+.footnote          { text-indent:0em;margin-left: 5%;margin-right: 25%;  }
+hr.small  { width: 15%;  }
+.i1     { padding-left:1em;  }
+.i3     { padding-left:3em;  }
+.i5     { padding-left:5em;  }
+.i7     { padding-left:7em;  }
+.i9     { padding-left:9em;  }
+.i11    { padding-left:11em; }
+.indh    {  text-indent: -2em;padding-left: 2em;text-align: left; }
+.indh6     {margin-left:3em;text-indent:-6em;padding-left:6em;text-align:left;  }
+ ins   { text-decoration:none;border-bottom:thin dotted }
+.larger    { font-size:larger;font-weight:bold; }
+.left      { text-align:left;font-size:smaller;margin-top:0em;margin-bottom:2%;margin-left:14%;margin-right:5%;text-indent:-3em;  }
+.lowercase  { text-transform: lowercase; }
+.noindent  { text-indent: 0em; }
+.pagenum   { font-size:x-small;color:silver;background-color:inherit;position:absolute;left:2%;text-align:left;text-indent:0em;
+             font-variant:normal;text-decoration:none;  }
+p.cap:first-letter { float:left; clear: left; margin:0 0.1em 0 0;padding:0;font-weight:bold;font-size: x-large; }
+.poem    {  margin-left:8%;margin-right:8%;margin-top:1%;margin-bottom:1%;padding-left:5%;  }
+.poem .stanza    { margin:1.5em 0em 1.5em 0em;   }
+.right      { text-align:right;font-size:smaller;margin-top:0em;margin-bottom:2%;margin-left:5%;margin-right:15%;  }
+.right1     { text-align:right;margin-top:1.5em;margin-bottom:.5em;margin-left:5%;margin-right:15%;   }
+.smaller    { font-size:smaller;  }
+.smcap      { font-variant:small-caps;  }
+strong {font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0.2em; margin-right: -0.2em;}
+table     table     {  margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;width:45em;border-collapse:collapse;  }
+.table1      { width:28em;border-collapse:collapse;  }
+td        {  vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;  }
+td.tdleft   {  text-align:left;margin-left:0;text-indent:0;  }
+td.tdright  {  text-align:right;  }
+td.tdcenter {  text-align:center; }
+td.tdhang {  text-align:left;margin-left:2em;padding-left:4em;text-indent:-2em;padding-right:1em;vertical-align:top;   }
+.tnbox  {  font-size:smaller;margin-left:10%;margin-right:12%;margin-top:5%;margin-bottom:2.5%;text-indent:0em;padding:.5em;border-top:thin dashed; }
+.tnbox1  {  font-size:smaller;margin-left:25%;margin-right:27%;margin-top:5%;margin-bottom:2.5%;text-indent:0em;padding:.5em;border:thin dashed; }
+.toc    {  margin-left: 5%;margin-right: 15%;margin-top: 1.5%;margin-bottom: 3%;text-align: left;  }
+.topnum   {  font-size:x-small;vertical-align:text-top;  }
+ ul   {   list-style-type:none;padding-left:2em;padding-right:5%;   }
+ li   {   text-indent:-1em   }
+
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 100,
+September 27, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 100, September 27, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: January 23, 2012 [EBook #38656]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, SEPT 27, 1851 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<h1>
+<span id="idno">Vol. IV.&mdash;No. 100.</span>
+
+<span>NOTES <small>AND</small> QUERIES:</span>
+
+<span id="id1"> A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION</span>
+
+<span id="id2"> FOR</span>
+<span id="id3"> LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</span>
+
+</h1>
+
+<div class="center1">
+<p class="noindent"><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;C<span class="smcap lowercase">APTAIN</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">UTTLE.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent center smaller">V<span class="smcap lowercase">OL</span>. IV.&mdash;No. 100.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent center smaller">S<span class="smcap lowercase">ATURDAY</span>, S<span class="smcap lowercase">EPTEMBER</span> 27. 1851.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent center smaller"> Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition, 7<i>d.</i></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span>CONTENTS.</span></h2>
+
+<div class="toc">
+
+<p class="indh i5">  Our Hundredth Number                                    <a title="Go to page 217" href="#notes217">217</a></p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="larger"> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES</span>:&mdash; </p>
+
+<div class="toc">
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Notes on the Calendar, by Professor de Morgan             <a title="Go to page 218" href="#us218">218</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">  Inedited Letters of Swift                                 <a title="Go to page 218" href="#us218">218</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Nineveh Inscriptions, by T. J. Buckton                    <a title="Go to page 220" href="#will220">220</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Inedited Letter of Alfieri                                <a title="Go to page 222" href="#the222">222</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">  Stanzas in Childe Harold                                  <a title="Go to page 223" href="#chapter223">223</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Notes on Oxford Edition of Jewel                          <a title="Go to page 225" href="#in225">225</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">  Anagrams, by Henry H. Breen                               <a title="Go to page 226" href="#state226">226</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Folk Lore:&mdash;Cure for Hooping Cough&mdash;Cure for the
+      Toothache&mdash;Medical Use of Pigeons&mdash;Obeism                     <a title="Go to page 227" href="#radical227">227</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Notes on Julin, No. II., by K. R. H. Mackenzie            <a title="Go to page 228" href="#the228">228</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Minor Notes:&mdash;Curious Epitaph in Dalkeith Churchyard&mdash;Device
+      of SS.&mdash;Lord Edward Fitzgerald&mdash;The
+      Michaelmas Goose&mdash;Gravesend Boats&mdash;Scullcups                 <a title="Go to page 230" href="#deny230">230</a></p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="larger">Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="toc">
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Minor Queries:&mdash;Equestrian Figure of Elizabeth&mdash;Indian
+      Ants&mdash;Passage in George Herbert&mdash;The King's-way,
+      Wilts&mdash;Marriages within ruined Churches&mdash;Fees
+      for Inoculation&mdash;"Born in the Eighth Climate"&mdash;Aubrey
+      de Montdidier's Dog&mdash;Sanford's Descensus&mdash;Parish
+      Registers&mdash;Briefs for Collections&mdash;Early
+      Printing Presses&mdash;Bootikins&mdash;Printers' Privilege&mdash;Death
+      of Pitt&mdash;"A Little Bird told me"&mdash;Baroner&mdash;William
+      III. at Exeter&mdash;History of Hawick&mdash;Johannes
+      Lychtenberger&mdash;Lestourgeon the Horologist&mdash;Physiological
+      Query&mdash;De Grammont's Memoirs&mdash;"Frightened
+      out of his Seven Senses"&mdash;Fides Carbonaria&mdash;Bourchier
+      Family&mdash;Warnings to Scotland&mdash;Herschel
+      anticipated&mdash;Duke of Wellington                                       <a title="Go to page 231" href="#her231">231</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">M<span class="smcap lowercase">INOR</span>
+  Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NSWERED</span>:&mdash;An
+ Early Printer&mdash;"Nimble Ninepence"&mdash;Prince Rupert's Balls&mdash;Knock
+      under&mdash;Freemasons                                                 <a title="Go to page 234" href="#into234">234</a></p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="larger">  R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="toc">
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Conquest of Scotland                                      <a title="Go to page 234" href="#into234">234</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Borough-English                                           <a title="Go to page 235" href="#and235">235</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Pendulum Demonstration                                    <a title="Go to page 235" href="#and235">235</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor                         <a title="Go to page 235" href="#and235">235</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Collars of SS.                                            <a title="Go to page 236" href="#by236">236</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Written Sermons                                           <a title="Go to page 237" href="#of237">237</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Replies to Minor Queries:&mdash;Authoress of "A Residence
+      on the Shores of the Baltic"&mdash;Winifreda&mdash;Querelle
+      d'Alleman&mdash;Coins of Constantius II.&mdash;Proverb,
+      what constitutes one?&mdash;Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe&mdash;Pope's
+      Translations of Horace&mdash;M. Lominus, Theologus&mdash;Corpse
+      passing makes a Right Way&mdash;Horology&mdash;Curfew&mdash;"Going
+      the whole Hog"&mdash;John
+      Bodley&mdash;Language of Ancient Egypt&mdash;William
+      Hone&mdash;Bensley&mdash;John Lilburne&mdash;School of the
+      Heart&mdash;Sir W. Raleigh in Virginia&mdash;Siege of Londonderry&mdash;Cowper
+      Law&mdash;Decretorum Doctor&mdash;Nightingale
+      and Thorn&mdash;Carli the Economist&mdash;Tale
+      of a Tub&mdash;Wyle Cop&mdash;Visiting Cards&mdash;Absalom's
+      Hair&mdash;MS. Book of Sentences&mdash;The Winchester
+      Execution&mdash;Locke's MSS.&mdash;Peal of Bells&mdash;Pope's
+      "honest Factor"&mdash;Bells in Churches&mdash;Passage
+      from Virgil&mdash;Duke of Berwick&mdash;Nullus and Nemo&mdash;Grimsdyke&mdash;Coke,
+      how pronounced&mdash;Marcus �lius
+      Antoninus                                                                      <a title="Go to page 237" href="#of237">237</a></p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="larger">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ISCELLANEOUS</span>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="toc">
+
+<p class="indh i5">  Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &amp;c.                     <a title="Go to page 245" href="#day245">245</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                   <a title="Go to page 245" href="#day245">245</a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Notices to Correspondents                                    <a title="Go to page 246" href="#sent246">246</a></p>
+
+ <p class="indh i5">  Advertisements                                             <a title="Go to page 246" href="#sent246">246</a>
+<span class="pagenum">[217]</span><a id="notes217"></a></p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> <a id="was_added1"></a><a title="Go to list of vol. numbers and pages" href="#pageslist1"  class="fnanchor">List
+of Notes and Queries volumes and pages</a></p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span>OUR HUNDREDTH NUMBER.</span></h3>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   It is the privilege of age to be garrulous; and as we have this
+   week reached our Hundredth Number&mdash;an age to which comparatively
+   few Periodicals ever attain&mdash;we may be pardoned if, on thus
+   completing our first <i>Century of Inventions</i>, we borrow a few
+   words from the noble author of that well-known work, and beg you,
+   Gentle Reader, "to cast your gracious eye over this summary
+   collection and there to pick and choose:" and when you have done
+   so, to admit that, thanks to the kind assistance of our friends
+   and correspondents, we have not only (like Master Lupton)
+   presented you with <i>A Thousand Notable Things</i>, but fulfilled the
+   objects which we proposed in the publication of
+"N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>."</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">During the hundred weeks our paper has existed we have received
+   from Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Holland, Belgium, and France&mdash;from
+   the United States&mdash;from India&mdash;from Australia&mdash;from the West
+   Indies&mdash;from almost every one of our Colonies&mdash;letters expressive
+   of the pleasure which the writers (many of them obviously
+   scholars "ripe and good," though far removed from the busy world
+   of letters), derive from the perusal of "<i>Notes and Queries</i>;"
+   and it is surely a good work to put to students so situated,</p>
+
+ <div class="poem">
+
+     <p class="i3">"&mdash;&mdash; all the learning that our time</p>
+      <p>Can make them the receivers of."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+   <p class="blockquot">And, on the other hand, our readers cannot but have noticed how
+   many a pertinent Note, suggestive Query, and apt Reply have
+   reached us from the same remote quarters.</p>
+
+   <p class="blockquot">Our columns have, however, not only thus administered to the
+   intellectual enjoyment of our brethren abroad, but they have
+   rendered good service to men of letters here at home: and We
+   could set forth a goodly list of works of learning and
+   research&mdash;from Mr. Cunningham's <i>Handbook of London Past and
+   Present</i>, published when we had been but a few months in
+   existence, down to Wyclyffe's <i>Three Treatises on the Church</i>,
+   recently edited by the Rev. Dr. Todd&mdash;in which the utility of
+   "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" is publicly recognised in terms which are
+   highly gratifying to us.
+<a id="us218"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[218]</span></p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot">  We do not make these statements in any vainglorious spirit. We
+   believe our success is due to the manner in which, thanks to the
+   ready assistance of zealous and learned Friends and
+   Correspondents, we have been enabled to supply a want which all
+   literary men have felt more or less: and believing that the more
+   we are known, and the wider our circulation, the greater will be
+   our usefulness, and the better shall we be enabled to serve the
+   cause we seek to promote. We feel we may fairly invite increased
+   support for "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" on the grounds of what it has
+   already accomplished.</p>
+
+  <p class="blockquot"> And so, wishing ourselves many happy returns of this
+   Centenary&mdash;and that you, Gentle Reader, may be spared to enjoy
+   them, We bid you heartily Farewell!</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span class="bla">Notes.</span></h2>
+
+<h3><span>NOTE ON THE CALENDAR.</span></h3>
+
+<p>What every one learns from the almanac, over and above Easter and its
+consequences for the current year, is that what happens this year is no
+index at all to what will happen next year. And even those who preserve
+their almanacs, and compare them in long series, never have been able,
+so far as I know, to lay hands upon any law connecting the Easters of
+different years, without having had recourse to the very complicated law
+on which the whole calendar is constructed.</p>
+
+<p>Nevertheless there does exist a simple relation which reduces the
+uncertainty in the proportion of five to two; so that by means of one
+past almanac, we may name <i>two</i> Sundays, one or the other of which must
+be Easter Sunday. I have never seen this relation noticed, though I have
+read much (for these days) on the calendar: has any one of your readers
+ever met with it?</p>
+
+<p>Let us make a <i>cycle</i> of the days on which Easter day can fall, so that
+when we come to the last (April 25), we begin again at the first (March
+22). Thus, six days in advance of April 23, comes March 25; seven days
+behind March 24, comes April 21.</p>
+
+<p>The following is the <i>rule</i>, after which come two cases of
+<i>exception</i>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>Take any year which is <i>not</i> leap year, then, by passing over <i>eleven</i>
+years, we either leave Easter day unaltered, or throw it back a week;
+and it is nearly three to one that we have to leave it unaltered. Thus
+1941 is not leap year, and eleven years more give 1952; both have April
+13 for Easter day; but of 1943 and 1954, the first gives April 25, the
+second April 18.</p>
+
+<p>Take any year which <i>is</i> leap year, then, by passing over <i>eleven</i>
+years, we either throw Easter one day forward, or six days back; and it
+is about three to two that it will be thrown forward. Thus 1852 (leap
+year) gives April 11, but 1863 gives April 5.</p>
+
+<p>But when, in passing over eleven years, we pass over 1700, 1800, or any
+Gregorian omission of leap year, the common year takes the rule just
+described for leap year; while, if we begin with leap year, the passage
+over eleven years throws Easter <i>two</i> days forward, or <i>five</i> days back.
+There is another class of single exceptions, occurring at long
+intervals, which it is hardly worth while to examine. The only case
+which occurs between 1582 and 2000, is when the first year is 1970.</p>
+
+<p>Any number of instances may be taken from my <i>Book of Almanacs</i>, and the
+general rule may be easily seen to belong also to the old style. Those
+who understand the construction of the calendar will very easily find
+the explanation of the whole.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">  A. D<span class="smcap lowercase">E</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ORGAN</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>INEDITED LETTERS OF SWIFT.</span></h3>
+
+<p class="blockquot">[By the great kindness of a correspondent who has placed at our
+   disposal two hitherto inedited letters written by Swift, we are
+   enabled to present the following literal copies of them to our
+   readers.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> They are obviously addressed to Frances Lady Worsley, only
+   daughter of Thomas Lord Viscount Weymouth, and wife of Sir Robert
+   Worsley, Baronet, and the mother of Lady Carteret. In Sir Walter
+   Scott's edition of Swift's <i>Works</i> (vol. xvii. p. 302.) will be
+   found one letter from the Dean of St. Patrick to Lady Worsely;
+   and in vol. xviii. p. 26. is the letter from that lady to the
+   Dean which accompanied the escritoire alluded to in the second of
+   the two letters which we now print. This appears from Swift's
+   endorsement of it&mdash;"Lady Worsley, with a present of a writing-box
+   japanned by herself."]</p>
+
+<p>"Madam,&mdash;It is now three years and a half since I had the Honor to see
+Your Ladyship, and I take it very ill that You have not finished my Box
+above a Month. But this is allways the way that You Ladyes treat your
+adorers in their absence. However upon Mrs. Barber's account I will
+pardon You, because she tells me it is the handsomest piece of work she
+ever saw; and because you have accepted the honor to be one of her
+protectors, and are determined to be one of her principall recommenders
+and encouragers. I am in some doubt whether envy had not a great share
+in your work, for you were I suppose informed that my Lady Carteret had
+made for me with her own hands the finest box in Ireland; upon which you
+grew jealous, and resolved to outdo her by making for me the finest box
+in England; for so Mrs. Barber assures me. In short, I am quite
+overloaden with favors from Your Ladyship and your Daughter; and what
+is<a id="is219"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[219]</span>
+worse, those loads will lye upon my Shoulders as long as I
+live. But I confess my self a little ungrateful, because I cannot deny
+Your Ladyship to have been the most constant of all my Goddesses, as I
+am the most constant of all your Worshippers. I hope the Carterets and
+the Worsleys are all happy and in health, and You are obliged to let Sir
+Robert Worsley know that I am his most humble Servant; but You need say
+nothing of my being so long his Rival. I hear my friend Harry is
+returning from the fiery Zone, I hope with more money than he knows what
+to do with; but whether his vagabond Spirit will ever fix is a question.
+I beg your Ladyship will prevail on S<span class="topnum">r</span> Robert Worsley to give me a
+Vicarage in the Isle of Wight; for I am weary of living at such a
+distance from You. It need not be above forty pounds a year.</p>
+
+<p>"As to Mrs. Barber, I can assure you she is but one of four Poetesses in
+this town, and all Citizens' wives; but she has the vogue of being the
+best: yet one of them is a Scholar, and hath published a new edition of
+Tacitus, with a Latin dedication to My Lord Carteret.</p>
+
+<p>"I require that Your Ladyship shall still preserve me some little corner
+in your memory; and do not think to put me off onely with a Box, which I
+can assure you will not contribute in the least to<a id="to1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 1." href="#fn1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> ... my esteem and
+regard for Your Ladyship.... I have been always, and shall ever remain,</p>
+
+    <p class="i3">  "Madam,</p>
+    <p class="i5">  "Your Lady ...</p>
+    <p class="i7">  "Obedient and ... humble ...    J<span class="smcap lowercase">ON</span> <span class="topnum">N</span>....</p>
+<p>  "Dublin, May 1<span class="topnum">re</span>, 1731."</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#to1" class="label">[1]</a> A small portion of the original letter has been lost.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">[As Lady Worsley's letter serves to explain several
+allusions in Swift's letters, and is obviously the one to which the
+second letter we print is the reply, we here insert it.]</p>
+
+<p>  "August 6th, 1732.</p>
+
+  <p> "Sir,&mdash;I flatter myself, that if you had received my last letter,
+   you would have favoured me with an answer; therefore I take it
+   for granted it is lost.</p>
+
+<p> "I was so proud of your commands, and so fearful of being
+   supplanted by my daughter, that I went to work immediately, that
+   her box might not keep her in your remembrance, while there was
+   nothing to put you in mind of an old friend and humble servant.
+   But Mrs. Barber's long stay here (who promised me to convey it to
+   you) has made me appear very negligent. I doubt not but you think
+   me unworthy of the share (you once told me) I had in your heart.
+   I am yet vain enough to think I deserve it better than all those
+   flirting girls you coquet with. I will not yield (even) to <i>dirty
+   Patty</i>, whom I was the most jealous of when you were last here.
+   What if I am a great-grandmother, I can still distinguish your
+   merit from all the rest of the world; but it is not consistent
+   with your good-breeding to put one in mind of it, therefore I am
+   determined not to use my interest with Sir Robert for a living in
+   the Isle of Wight,<a id="Wight2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 2." href="#fn2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> though nothing else could reconcile me to
+   the place. But if I could make you Archbishop of Canterbury, I
+   should forget my resentments, for the sake of the flock, who very
+   much want a careful shepherd. Are we to have the honour of seeing
+   you, or not? I have fresh hopes given me; but I dare not please
+   myself too much with them, lest I should be again disappointed.
+   If I had it as much in my power as my inclination to serve Mrs.
+   Barber, she should not be kept thus long attending; but I hope
+   her next voyage may prove more successful. She is just come in,
+   and tells me you have sprained your foot, which will prevent your
+   journey till next summer; but assure yourself the Bath is the
+   only infallible cure for such an accident. If you have any regard
+   remaining for me, you will shew it by taking my advice; if not, I
+   will endeavour to forget you, if I can. But, till that doubt is
+   cleared, I am as much as ever, the Dean's</p>
+
+    <p class="i5">  "Obedient humble Servant,</p>
+    <p class="i7">  "F. W<span class="smcap lowercase">ORSLEY</span>."</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Wight2" class="label">[2]</a> Where her husband, Sir Robert Worsley, possessed the estate
+of Appuldercombe. </p>
+
+<p>"Madam,&mdash;I will never tell, but I will always remember how many years
+have run out since I had first the honor and happiness to be known to
+Your Ladyship, which however I have a thousand times wished to have
+never happened, since it was followed by the misfortune of being
+banished from You for ever. I believe you are the onely Lady in England
+that for a thousand years past hath so long remembered a useless friend
+in absence, which is too great a load of favor for me and all my
+gratitude to support.</p>
+
+<p>"I can faithfully assure your Ladyship that I never received from You
+more than one letter since I saw you last; and that I sent you a long
+answer. I often forget what I did yesterday, or what passed half an hour
+ago; and yet I can well remember a hundred particulars in Your
+Ladyship's company. This is the memory of those who grow old. I have no
+room left for new Ideas. I am offended with one passage in Your
+Ladyship's letter; but I will forgive You, because I do not believe the
+fact, and all my acquaintance here joyn with me in my unbelief. You make
+excuses for not sooner sending me the most agreeable present that ever
+was made, whereas it is agreed by all the curious and skilfull of both
+sexes among us, that such a piece of work could not be performed by the
+most dextrous pair of hands and finest eyes in Christendom, in less than
+a year and a half, at twelve hours a day. Yet Mrs. Barber, corrupted by
+the obligations she hath to you, would pretend that I over reckon six
+months, and six hours a day. Be that as it will,<a id="will220"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[220]</span>
+ our best
+virtuosi are unanimous that the Invention exceeds, if possible, the work
+itself. But to all these praises I coldly answer, that although what
+they say be perfectly true, or indeed below the truth, yet if they had
+ever seen or conversed with Your Ladyship as I have done, they would
+have thought this escritoire a very poor performance from such hands,
+such eyes, and such an imagination. To speak my own thoughts, the work
+itself does not delight me more than the little cares you were pleased
+to descend to in contriving ways to have it conveyed so far without
+damage, whereof it received not the least from without; what there was
+came from within; for one of the little rings that lifts a drawer for
+wax, hath touched a part of one of the Pictures, and made a mark as
+large as the head of a small pin; but it touches onely an end of a
+cloud; and yet I have been carefull to twist a small thread of silk
+round that wicked ring, who promiseth to do so no more.</p>
+
+<p>"Your Ladyship wrongs me in saying that I twitted you with being a
+great-grandmother. I was too prudent and carefull of my own credit to
+offer the least hint upon that head, while I was conscious that I might
+have been great-grandfather to you.</p>
+
+<p>"I beg you, Madam, that there may be no quarrells of jealousy between
+Your Ladyship and My Lady Carteret: I set her at work by the authority I
+claymed over her as your daughter. The young woman showed her
+readynesse, and performed very well for a new beginner, and deserves
+encouragement. Besides, she filled the Chest with Tea, whereas you did
+not send me a single pen, a stick of wax, or a drop of Ink; for all
+which I must bear the charge out of my own pocket. And after all if Your
+Ladyship were not by I would say that My Lady Carteret's Box (as you
+disdainfully call it instead of a Tea-chest) is a most beautiful piece
+of work, and is oftener used than yours, because it is brought down for
+tea after dinner among Ladyes, whereas my escritoire never stirrs out of
+my closet, but when it is brought for a sight. Therefore I again desire
+there may be no family quarrells upon my account.</p>
+
+<p>"As to Patty Blount, you wrong her very much. She was a neighbor's
+child, a good Catholick, an honest Girl, and a tolerable Courtier at
+Richmond. I deny she was dirty, but a little careless, and sometimes
+wore a ragged gown, when she and I took long walks. She saved her money
+in summer onely to be able to keep a Chair at London in winter: this is
+the worst you can say; and she might have a whole coat to her back if
+her good nature did not make her a fool to her mother and sanctifyed
+sister Teresa. And she was the onely Girl I coquetted in the whole half
+year that I lived with Mr. Pope in Twitenham, whatever evil tongues
+might have informed your Ladyship, in hopes to set you against me. And
+after this usage, if I accept the Archbishoprick of Canterbury from your
+Ladyship's hands, I think you ought to acknowledge it as a favor.</p>
+
+<p>"Are you not weary, Madam? Have you patience to read all this? I am
+bringing back past times; I imagine myself talking with you as I used to
+do; but on a sudden I recollect where I am sitting, banished to a
+country of slaves and beggars; my blood soured, my spirits sunk,
+fighting with Beasts like St. Paul, not at Ephesus, but in Ireland.</p>
+
+<p>"I am not of your opinion, that the flocks (in either Kingdom) want
+better Shepherds; for, as the French say, '� tels brebis tel pasteur:'
+and God be thanked that I have no flock at all, so that I neither can
+corrupt nor be corrupted.</p>
+
+<p>"I never saw any person so full of acknowledgment as Mrs. Barber is for
+Your Ladyship's continued favors to her, nor have I known any person of
+a more humble and gratefull spirit than her, or who knows better how to
+distinguish the Persons by whom she is favored. But I will not honor
+myself so far, or dishonor you so much, as to think I can add the least
+weight to your own naturall goodness and generosity.</p>
+
+<p>"You must, as occasion serves, Present my humble respects to My Lord and
+Lady Carteret, and my Lady Dysert, and to S<span class="topnum">r</span> Robert Worsley.</p>
+
+<p>"I am, and shall be ever, with the truest respect, esteem, and
+gratitude,</p>
+
+  <p class="i3">  "Madam,</p>
+  <p class="i5 noindent">"Your Ladyship's most obedient</p>
+  <p class="i5">and most humble Servant,</p>
+  <p class="i7">   "J<span class="smcap lowercase">ONATH</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">WIFT</span>.</p>
+
+<p>"Dublin, Nov. 4<span class="topnum">re</span>, 1732.</p>
+
+<p>"I know not where my old friend Harry Worsley is, but I am his most
+humble servant."</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  [On the back of the Letter is the following Postscript.]</p>
+
+<p>"Madam,&mdash;I writ this Letter two months ago, and was to send it by Mrs.
+Barber; but she falling ill of the gout, and I deferring from day to
+day, expecting her to mend, I was at last out of patience. I have sent
+it among others by a private hand.</p>
+
+<p>"I wish Your Ladyship and all your family many happy new years.</p>
+
+<p>"Jan. 8<span class="topnum">e</span>, 1732."</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>NINEVEH INSCRIPTIONS.</span></h3>
+
+<p>The accumulation of these treasures in London and Paris, leads to the
+belief that they will soon be decyphered. The following remarks are
+offered in promotion of so desirable an object. It must be premised that
+a printer, when requiring type from the type-founder for English books,
+does not order the same quantity for each letter; but, according
+<a id="but221"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[221]</span>
+to a scale adapted to the requirements of printing, he orders only so
+many of each letter as he is likely to use. That scale may be nearly
+represented in the following way: the letter <i>z</i> being the one least
+used in English, he will require</p>
+
+<table class="table1" summary="Requirements of printing">
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>Twice the number of letter z for letter x</td>
+<td>&nbsp;</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td>Twice also</td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash; j</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang">2&frac12; times </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash; q</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang">   4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;" </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash; k </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang"> 6&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"  </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash; v </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang"> 8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;" </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;   b</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang"> 8&frac12;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;" </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;  p</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang"> 8&frac12;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"  </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;  g</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang">  10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"  </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;    y</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang"> 10&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"   </td><td class="left">&mdash;&mdash; w </td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang"> 15&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"   </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;       m</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang"> 15&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"   </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;       c</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang">  17&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"    </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;       u</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang">  20&frac12;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"  </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;       l</td>
+</tr>
+
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang">  21&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"     </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;       f</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang">   22&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"   </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;       d</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang">  31 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"   </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;       r</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang">  32 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"   </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;      h</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang">  40 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"    </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;       s</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang">   40 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"      </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;       n</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang">  40  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"     </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;     o</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang">      41&frac12; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"     </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;        i</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang">      42&frac12;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"   </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;        a</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td>
+<td class="tdhang">      45&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"     </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;       t</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td></td><td class="tdhang">      60 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"     </td><td class="left"> &mdash;&mdash;        e</td>
+</tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<p>Suppose now a person to write English in cypher, using unknown
+characters for the well-known letters; it would be easy to decypher his
+writing, <i>if of sufficient length</i> to make the general rule acted on in
+the printing trade applicable. The decypherer, by selecting each
+distinct unknown character, and numbering them respectively, would find
+that the character oftenest occurring was <i>e</i>, the next oftenest <i>t</i>,
+and so on to the character having the lowest number, being least used,
+which would of course be <i>z</i>. Persons accustomed to decypher European
+correspondence for diplomatic purposes, will pronounce best on the
+practicability of this method for the decyphering of modern languages.</p>
+
+<p>It is proposed then to apply the same method in the several languages
+<i>supposed</i> nearest of kin to that of the Nineveh inscriptions. Without
+entering into the reasons for that opinion, it may suffice, for the
+present purpose of illustration, to assume that the language of these
+inscriptions is Chaldee. To apply this method the numbers of each letter
+occurring in the Targum of Onkelos on Genesis, or the whole Pentateuch,
+should be taken. This enumeration has been made as regards the Hebrew
+(see Bagster's <i>Family Bible</i>, at the end of Deuteronomy). The readiest
+mode of effecting such enumeration would be to employ twenty-two persons
+knowing the Chaldee letters, and to assign a letter to each, calling out
+to them each letter as it occurred in Onkelos, whilst each person kept
+count of his own letter on a tally, and summing up the total gave in the
+result to the reader <i>at the end of each chapter</i>. This would be
+necessary with a view to ascertain what <i>quantity</i> of unknown
+inscription was required to evolve the rule, as the proposed method is
+clearly inapplicable when the quantity of matter to be decyphered is
+inconsiderable.</p>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/image03.jpg" width="375" height="95" alt="List of Niniveh letters" />
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Having gone over sufficient ground to satisfy himself of the <i>certainty</i>
+of the rule, the decypherer would next count the numbers of each
+distinct character in all the cuneiform inscriptions accessible to him,
+making allowance for <i>final</i> letters, also for vowel points which may be
+attached to the character, as in Ethiopic. Assuming the rule in Chaldee
+to be the same as in Hebrew (it is in fact very different), he would
+find the character oftenest occurring in the Nineveh inscriptions to be
+<span title="[Hebrew: Vav]">&#1493;</span>, the next  <span title="[Hebrew: Mem]">&#1502;</span>,
+ the rest in the following order as to <a id="Niniveh"></a>frequency of occurrence,
+
+<span title="[Hebrew: Tet]"> &#1496;</span> , <span title="[Hebrew: Samekh]"> &#1505;</span> ,
+<span title="[Hebrew: Ayin]"> &#1506;</span> , <span title="[Hebrew: Tsadi]"> &#1510;</span> ,
+ <span title="[Hebrew: Dalet]"> [?] &#1491;</span> , <span title="[Hebrew: Pe]"> &#1508;</span> ,
+ <span title="[Hebrew: Zayin]"> &#1494;</span> ,  <span title="[Hebrew: Qof]"> &#1511;</span> ,
+ <span title="[Hebrew: Het]"> [?] &#1495;</span> , <span title="[Hebrew: Bet]"> [?] &#1489;</span> ,
+ <span title="[Hebrew: Shin]"> &#1513;</span> ,  <span title="[Hebrew: Dalet]"> [?] &#1491;</span> ,
+ <span title="[Hebrew: Bet]"> [?] &#1489;</span> ,  <span title="[Hebrew: Lamed]"> &#1500;</span> ,
+ <span title="[Hebrew: Nun]"> &#1504;</span> ,  <span title="[Hebrew: Alef]"> &#1488;</span> ,
+ <span title="[Hebrew: He]">&#1492;</span> ,  <span title="[Hebrew: Kaf]">&#1499;</span> ,
+ <span title="[Hebrew: Tav]">&#1514;</span> ,  <span title="[Hebrew: Yod]">&#1497;</span> ,
+
+the first letter, &#1493;, <i>vau</i>,
+occurring nearly seven times as often as
+&#1496;, <i>teth</i>. The order of the letters
+ would, in fact, vary much from this in
+Chaldee; the servile letters being different would alone much disturb
+the assumed order, actually ascertained nevertheless, as respects the
+Hebrew letters, in the five books of Moses. One word as to the order in
+which the several languages should be experimented on. The Chaldee would
+be the first, and next in succession, (2) the Syriac, (3) the Ethiopic,
+(4) the Arabic, (5) the Hebrew (<i>die jungste Schwester</i>),<a id="die3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 3." href="#fn3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> and (6) the
+Pehlvi. The Indo-European languages would, in case of failure in the
+above, claim next attention: of these first the <i>Zend</i>, next (2) the
+Sanscrit, then (3) the Armenian, &amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#die3" class="label">[3]</a>
+ Adelung in <i>Mithridates</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The resemblance of many of the characters on the Babylonian bricks, as
+well as on the stones of Nineveh, is very great to the characters known
+in our Bibles as Hebrew, but which are in fact not Hebrew but Chaldee,
+and were introduced by the Jews subsequent to their Babylonish
+captivity: the original Hebrew character was that still existing on
+coins, and nearly approximates in many respects to the Samaritan
+character. In some MSS. collated by Kennicott, he found the
+tetragrammaton "Jehovah" written in this ancient character, whilst the
+rest was Chaldee. The characteristic of the unknown letters is their
+resemblance to nails, to arrow-heads, and to wedges, from which, indeed,
+they are commonly designated. In the Chaldee (the Hebrew of our Bibles)
+this is also strikingly visible, notwithstanding the effect of time in
+wearing down the arridges: thus, in the oftenest recurring letter,
+<span title="[Hebrew: Vav]">&#1493;</span>, in the left leg of
+ the <span title="[Hebrew: Tav]">&#1514;</span>,
+ in <span title="[Hebrew: Ayin]">&#1506;</span>,
+in <span title="[Hebrew: Tsadi]">&#1510;</span>,
+in <span title="[Hebrew: Tet]">&#1496;</span>,
+in <span title="[Hebrew: Nun]">&#1504;</span>,
+ in <span title="[Hebrew: Mem]">&#1502;</span>,
+and especially in <span title="[Hebrew: Shin]">&#1513;</span>,
+ the
+<a id="the222"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[222]</span>
+ cuneiform type is most clearly
+traceable. One of the unknown characters,</p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/image02.jpg" width="25" height="26" alt="Shin-like symbol" />
+</p>
+
+<p class="noindent"> seems almost
+identical with <span title="[Hebrew: Shin]">&#1513;</span>, allowance being made for the cursive
+form which written characters assume after centuries of use.</p>
+
+<p>The horn is very conspicuous on the heads of men in the Nineveh (Asshur)
+sculptures, still, as a fashion, retained in Ethiopia (Cush,
+Abyssinia<a id="Cush4"></a><a title="Go to footnote 4." href="#fn4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>), the origin of the Chaldeans, through Nimrod the Cushite
+(Gen. x. 8.), who probably derived their chief sustenance from the river
+Tigris (Hiddekel). Subsistence from (1) fishing, (2) hunting (<i>e.g.</i>
+Nimrod), (3) grazing, and (4) agriculture, seems to have succeeded in
+the order named. The repeated appearance of <i>fish</i> on the same
+sculptures, is in allusion, doubtless, to the name Nineveh (= fish +
+habitation); and their worship of the half-man, half-fish (the fabulous
+mermaid or merman), to which many of the <i>Cetace�</i> bear a close
+resemblance (the sea-horse for example), common with them and the
+Ph&oelig;nicians (in the latter tongue named Dagon), is probably allusive,
+in their symbolic style, to the abstract notion of <i>fecundity</i>, so
+general an element of veneration in all the known mythological religions
+of ancient and modern times. See Nahum <i>passim</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn4"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Cush4" class="label">[4]</a> Alexander the Great adopted the horns as Jupiter Ammon. See
+Vincent's <i>Periplus of the Erythrean Sea</i>, and frontispiece. The women
+of Lebanon have, it appears, retained the fashion. See <i>Pict. Bible</i> on
+Zech. i. 18.</p>
+
+<p>From an attentive examination of these monuments in the British Museum,
+it appears highly probable that the writing is from left to right, as in
+the Ethiopic and Coptic, and in the Indo-European family generally, and
+is the reverse of all the other Shemitic tongues. This inference is
+derived from the fact that each line (with few exceptions) ranges with
+those above and below, as in a printed book, perpendicularly on the
+<i>left</i>, and breaks off on the <i>right</i> hand, as at the termination of a
+sentence, whilst some of the characters seem to stretch beyond the usual
+line of limit to the right, as if the sculptor had made the common error
+of not having <i>quite</i> space enough for a word not divisible.</p>
+
+<p>The daguerreotype might be advantageously used in copying all the
+inscriptions yet discovered, of each of which three or four copies
+should be taken, to obviate mistakes and accidents. These being brought
+to England and carefully examined by the microscope, should be legibly
+engraved and stereotyped, and sent to all the linguists of Europe and
+elsewhere, and copies should also be deposited in all public libraries.</p>
+
+<p>A comparison of the twelve cursive letters in Mr. Layard's <i>Nineveh</i>,
+vol. ii. p. 166., with B�ttner's tables at the end of the first volume
+of Eichhorn's <i>Einleitung in das Alte Testament</i> (Leipzic, 1803), has
+led to an unexpected result. The particular table with which the
+comparison was instituted, is No. II. Class i. Ph&oelig;nician, col. 2.,
+headed "Pal�stin� in nummis;" any person therefore can verify it. This
+result is the following reading in the proper Chaldee character:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+   <p class="i5">   <span title="[Hebrew]">&#1512;&#1489;&#1511;&#1500;&#1489;&#1504;&#1493;-&#1493;&#1513;&#1513;-&#1491;&#1503;</span></p>
+     <p> RaBKaLBeNO&mdash;VeSheeSh&mdash;DiN.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>The meaning is "<i>Rabbi</i> (Mr.) <i>Kalbeno</i>"&mdash;"<i>And six</i>"&mdash;"<i>Judge</i>."
+Perhaps Kalbeno should be Albeno, the initial letter being obscure. The
+above is put forth as a curious coincidence, not by any means with the
+certainty which a much more extended examination than a dozen letters
+can afford.</p>
+
+<p class="right">    T. J. B<span class="smcap lowercase">UCKTON</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="left">   Lichfield.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>INEDITED LETTER OF ALFIERI.</span></h3>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  [The circumstances which led to Alfieri's hasty retreat from
+   England in 1771, and to Lord Ligonier's successful application
+   for a divorce, are doubtless familiar to all who have read the
+   very amusing Autobiography of the Italian poet. At all events we
+   must presume so, as they are scarcely of a nature to be
+   reproduced in "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>." Twenty years after that even,
+   when about to embark for the Continent with the Countess of
+   Albany, Alfieri, as he was stepping on board the packet, saw
+   again for the first time since 1771 Lady Ligonier, who was on the
+   quay. They recognised each other, but that was all.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   Alfieri, after describing this event in the 21st chapter of his
+   Autobiography, proceeds:&mdash;"Si arrivo a Calais; di dove io molto
+   colpito di quella vista cos� inespettata le volli scrivere per
+   isfogo del cuore, e mandai la mia lettera al Banchiere de
+   Douvres, che glie la rimettesse in proprie mani, e me ne
+   trasmettesse poi la risposta a Bruxelles, dove sarei stato fra
+   pochi giorni. <i>La mia lettera, di cui mi spiace di non aver
+   serbato copia</i> era certamente piena d' affetti, non gi� d' amore,
+   ma di una vera e profonda commozione di vederla ancora menare una
+   vita errante e s� poco decorosa al suo stato e nascita, e di
+   dolore che io ne sentiva tanto pi� pensando di esserne io stato
+   ancorch� innocentement o la cagione o il pretesto."</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   The original letter of Alfieri (which we presume he would have
+   inserted in his Autobiography, had he kept a copy of it, seeing
+   that he has there printed Lady Ligonier's reply) is in the
+   possession of a nobleman, a relative of the unfortunate lady; and
+   we are enabled by the kindness of a correspondent to lay before
+   our readers the following copy of it.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  How far it bears out the writer's description of it we do not
+   stop to ask; but certainly if the reader will take the trouble to
+   turn to the conclusion of the chapter
+<a id="chapter223"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[223]</span>
+to which we have
+   referred, we think he cannot fail to be struck with the
+   difference between the terms in which the quondam lover writes
+   <i>of</i> the lady, and those which he addresses <i>to</i> her in the
+   following Epistle.<a id="the5"></a><a title="Go to footnote 5." href="#fn5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a>]</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn5"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#the5" class="label">[5]</a> In the only edition of the <i>Vita</i> (12mo. 1809) to which we
+have an opportunity of referring, this event is represented as occurring
+in 1791: it will be seen that it really took place in 1792. The lady's
+reply is there dated (tom. ii. p. 193.) "Dover, 25th <i>April</i>," instead
+of 24th <i>August</i>.</p>
+
+    <p class="right1">  "Calais, Mercredi, 24 Aout, 1792.</p>
+
+<p>"Madam,&mdash;Mon silence en vous revoyant apr�s vingt ann�es d'absence, a
+�t� le fruit de l'�tonnement, et non pas de l'indiff�rence. C'est un
+sentiment qui m'est inconnu pour les personnes qui m'ont int�ress� une
+fois, et pour vous surtout, dont j'ai � me reprocher toute ma vie
+d'avoir �t� la principale cause de toutes vos vicissitudes. Si j'avois
+eu le courage de m'approcher de vous, ma langue n'auroit certainement
+jamais retrouv� d'expression pour vous rendre tous les mouvemens
+tumultueux de mon �me et de mon c&oelig;ur � cette apparition si subite et
+si momentan�e. Je n'aurois trouv� que des larmes pour vous dire tout ce
+que je sentais; et en vous le tra�ant confusement sur ce papier, elles
+viennent encore m'interrompre. Ce n'est pourtant pas de l'amour qui me
+parle pour vous, mais c'est un m�lange de sentimens si tendres, de
+souvenirs, de regrets, et d'inqui�tude pour votre sort pr�sent et
+future, que vous pouvez seule comprendre ou diviner. Je n'ai dans le
+cours de ces vingt ans jamais s�u au juste de vos nouvelles. Un mariage
+d'inclination que j'appris que vous aviez fait, devoit faire votre
+bonheur. J'apprends � pr�sent que cela n'a pas rempli vos esp�rances: je
+m'en afflige pour vous. Au nom de Dieu, faites-moi seulement s�avoir si
+vous �tes heureuse au moins; c'est l� l'objet de mes v&oelig;ux les plus
+ardents. Je ne vous parle point de moi; je ne s�ais pas si mon sort peut
+vous int�resser de m�me; je vous dirai seulement que l'�ge ne me corrige
+point du d�faut de trop sentir; que, malgr� cela, je suis aussi heureux
+que je puis l'�tre, et que rien ne manqueroit � ma f�licit�, si je vous
+s�avois contente et heureuse. Mais au cas que cela ne soit pas,
+adoucissez-moi du moins l'amertume de cette nouvelle en me disant
+express�ment que ce n'est point moi qui en ai �t� la cause, et que vous
+ne d�sesp�rez pas d'�tre encore heureuse et d'accord avec vous-m�me.</p>
+
+<p>"Je finis, parce que j'aurois trop de choses � vous dire, et que ma
+lettre deviendroit plust�t celle d'un p�re, que celle d'un ancien amant.
+Mais la cause de mes paroles �tant dans le sensibilit� de mon c&oelig;ur,
+je ne doute point que la sensibilit� du v�tre, dont j'ai �t� convaincu,
+ne les re�oive avec indulgence, et avec un reste d'affection que je n'ai
+pas m�rit� de perdre de votre part. Si vous voulez donc me dire quelque
+chose de vous, et que ma lettre ne vous a point d�plu, vous pouvez
+addresser votre r�ponse � Bruxelles, poste restante. Si vous ne jugez
+point �-propos de me r�pondre, faites seulement s�avoir � la personne
+qui vous fera remettre celle-ci, que vous l'avez re�ue. Cela me
+consolera un peu de la douleur que m'a caus� le r�tracement subit de vos
+infortunes, que votre vue a toute r�veill�es dans mon �me. Adieu, donc,
+adieu.</p>
+
+<p class="right">     "V<span class="smcap lowercase">ITTORIO</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">LFIERI</span>."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span>STANZAS IN "CHILDE HAROLD."</span></h3>
+
+<p>There is a famous passage in one of Lord Byron's most famous poems,
+which I am ashamed to confess that, though I am English born, and a
+constant reader of poetry, I cannot clearly understand. It seems to
+present no difficulties to anybody else, for it has been quoted a
+thousand times over and over, without any intimation that it is not as
+clear as light. It is in the sublime Address to the Ocean at the end of
+Canto IV. of <i>Childe Harold</i>, stanza 182.:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+        <p>"Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee&mdash;</p>
+      <p>Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage, what are they?</p>
+       <p>Thy waters wasted them while they were free,</p>
+     <p>And many a tyrant since; their shores obey</p>
+  <p> The stranger, slave, or savage; their decay</p>
+  <p>Has dried up realms to deserts:&mdash;not so thou,</p>
+      <p>Unchangeable save to thy wild waves' play&mdash;</p>
+   <p>Time writes no wrinkle on thine azure brow&mdash;</p>
+      <p>Such as creation's dawn beheld, thou rollest now."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>I have copied out to the end of the stanza; for in fact it is not easy
+to stop the pen when copying such stanzas as these: but my business is
+with the fourth and fifth lines only. In the fourth line, as you will
+observe, a semicolon is inserted after the word "since." I find it there
+in the first edition of the fourth canto of <i>Childe Harold</i>, published
+in 1818; it is there in the standard edition of Lord Byron's <i>Works</i>,
+issued by Murray about 1832; it is there in the splendid illustrated
+edition of <i>Childe Harold</i> published by Murray in 1841,&mdash;one of the
+finest books of the kind, if not the finest, that has yet done honour to
+the English press. This punctuation is found, therefore, in the earliest
+edition that was issued, and in those on which the most care has been
+bestowed. Yet what is the sense which the lines thus punctuated present?</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+    <p>  "Thy waters wasted them [<i>i. e.</i> the empires] while they were free,</p>
+   <p>   And many a tyrant since."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>They waters wasted many a tyrant? How, in the name of wonder? What sort
+of an occupation is this to assign to the majestic ocean? Does the poet
+mean to assert that anciently it wasted empires, and now it only wastes
+individuals. Absurd! Yet such is the only meaning, as far as
+<a id="as224"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[224]</span>
+ I see, that can be assigned to the lines as they stand.</p>
+
+<p>If the punctuation be altered, that is, if the semicolon after "since"
+be removed, and a comma placed at the end of the line, the whole becomes
+luminous:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <p>"Thy waters wasted them while they were free,</p>
+    <p>  And many a tyrant since their shores obey."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">That is (I beg pardon if I am unnecessarily explanatory), "The waters
+wasted these empires while they were free, and since they have been
+enslaved,"&mdash;an apt illustration of that indifference to human affairs
+which the poet is attributing to the ocean. The words, "the stranger,
+slave, or savage," which follow in the next line, are to be taken in
+connexion with the phrase "many a tyrant," and as an enumeration of the
+different sorts of tyrants to which these unhappy empires have been
+subjected.</p>
+
+<p>This is my view of the sense of this famous passage: if any of your
+correspondents can point out a better, I can only say "candidus
+imperti," &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>There was a very elaborate article on Lord Byron's Address to the Ocean
+in <i>Blackwood's Magazine</i> for October, 1848; but the writer, who
+dissects it almost line by line, has somehow, as is the wont of
+commentators, happened to pass over the difficulty which stands right in
+his way. To make up for this, however, he contrives to find new
+difficulties of his own. The following is a specimen:</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "Recite," he says, "the stanza beginning,</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+<p> 'Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee;'</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> and when the sonorous roll has subsided, try to understand it.
+   You will find some difficulty, if we mistake not, in knowing who
+   or what is the apostrophized subject. Unquestionably the world's
+   ocean, and not the Mediterranean. The very last verse we were far
+   in the Atlantic:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+     <p> 'Thy shores are empires.'</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="blockquot">The shores of the world's ocean are empires. There are, or have
+   been, the British empire, the German empire, the Russian empire,
+   and the empire of the Great Mogul, the Chinese empire, the empire
+   of Morocco, the four great empires of antiquity, the French
+   empire, and some others. The poet does not intend names and
+   things in this very strict way, however," &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>What empires the poet <i>did</i> mean there is surely no difficulty in
+discovering, for those who wish to understand rather than to cavil. The
+very next line to that quoted is&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+  <p>    "<i>Assyria</i>, <i>Greece</i>, <i>Rome</i>, <i>Carthage</i>, what are they?"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">and it would require some hardihood to assert that these empires were
+not on the shores of the Mediterranean.</p>
+
+<p>After all, the best commentators are translators: they are obliged to
+take the difficulties by the horns. I find, in a translation of Byron's
+<i>Works</i> published at Pforzheim in 1842, the lines thus rendered by Dr.
+Duttenhofer:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+<p>     "Du bleibst, ob Reiche schwinden an den K�sten,&mdash;</p>
+ <p>     Assyrien, Hellas, Rom, Carthago&mdash;schwand,</p>
+<p>      Die <i>freien</i> k�nnte Wasserfluth verw�sten</p>
+<p>      Wie die Tyrannen; es gehorcht der Strand</p>
+<p>      Dem Fremdling, Sclaven, Wilden," &amp;c.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Duttenhofer has here taken the text as he found it, and has given it as
+much meaning as he could; but alas for those who are compelled to take
+their notion of the poetry of <i>Childe Harold</i> from his German, instead
+of the original English! There is one passage in which the reader finds
+this reflection driven hard upon him. Who is there that does not know
+Byron's stanza on the Dying Gladiator, when, speaking of</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+ <p>     "The inhuman shout which hail'd the wretch who won,"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">he adds, in lines which will be read <i>till</i> Homer and Virgil are
+forgotten:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+
+    <p> "He heard it, but he heeded not&mdash;his eyes</p>
+       <p> Were with his heart, and that was far away;</p>
+      <p>  He reck'd not of the life he lost nor prize,</p>
+        <p>But where his rude hut by the Danube lay,</p>
+        <p><i>There</i> were his young barbarians all at play,</p>
+        <p><i>There</i> was their Dacian mother&mdash;he, their sire,</p>
+       <p> Butcher'd to make a Roman holiday&mdash;</p>
+        <p>All this gush'd with his blood&mdash;shall he expire</p>
+    <p>  And unavenged? Arise, ye Goths! and glut your ire!"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>There are two phrases in this stanza which seem to me to have never been
+surpassed: "young barbarians," and "all this <i>gushed with his blood</i>."
+How inimitable is "young barbarians!" The "curiosa felicitas" of Horace
+never carried him farther,&mdash;or perhaps so far. Herr Duttenhofer contents
+himself by saying&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+                        <p class="i5">"fern am Donaustrand</p>
+   <p>   Sind seine Kinder, freuend sich am Spiel."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">"Afar on the shore of the Danube are <i>his children</i>, diverting
+themselves at play." Good heavens! is this translation, and German
+translation too, of which we have heard so much? Again:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+                    <p class="i5">  "wie sein Blut</p>
+  <p> Hinfliesst, denkt er an dies."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">"As his blood flows away, he thinks of this!" What could Herr
+Duttenhofer be thinking of?</p>
+
+<p>To my surprise, on turning to the passage this moment in Byron's poems,
+I find it stands&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+      <p>"All this <i>rush'd</i> with his blood,"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">instead of "<i>gush'd</i>." It is so in the original edition, in the <i>Works</i>,
+and in the splendid edition of 1841, all three. Can there be any doubt
+of the superiority of "gush'd?" To me there seems none; and, singularly
+enough, it so happens that twice in conversation with two of the most
+distinguished writers of this age&mdash;one a prosaist and the other a poet,
+whose names I wish I were at liberty to mention&mdash;I have had occasion to
+quote this passage, and they both agreed with me in ascribing
+<a id="in225"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[225]</span>
+ the
+highest degree of poetical excellence to the use of this very word. I
+wish I could believe myself the author of such an improvement; but I
+have certainly somewhere seen the line printed as I have given it; very
+possibly in Ebenezer Elliott the Corn-law Rhymer's <i>Lectures on Poetry</i>,
+in which I distinctly remember that he quoted the stanza.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">   T. W.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span>"NOTES" ON THE OXFORD EDITION OF BISHOP JEWEL'S WORKS.</span></h3>
+
+<p>I send, with some explanation, a few Notes, taken from among others that
+I had marked in my copy of the edition of Bishop Jewel's Works, issued
+by the Oxford university press, 8 vols. 8vo. 1848.</p>
+
+<p>Vol. ii. p. 352., l. 6., has, in Jewel's <i>Reply to Harding's Answer</i>,
+Article v., "Of Real Presence," seventh division, the following: "And
+therefore St. Paul saith, 'That I live now, I live in the flesh of the
+Son of God.'" To this the following is appended by the Oxford editor:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "[Galatians ii. 20 '... And the life which I now live in the
+   flesh I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and
+   gave himself for me?' It cannot be denied that Jewel is here
+   guilty, to say the least, of very unjustifiable carelessness.]"</p>
+
+<p>The true state of the case is, that Bishop Jewel, in the original <i>Reply
+to Harding</i>, published in his lifetime, 1565, had given the text with
+entire correctness&mdash;"That I live now in the flesh, I live in the faith
+of the Son of God:" but this, long after the Bishop's death, was
+misprinted in the editions of 1609 and 1611. The Oxford Jewel, moreover,
+of 1848 does not even profess to follow the editions of 1609 and 1611;
+and it is stated, vol. i. p. 130., that "this edition of the Reply in
+passing through the press has been collated with the original one of
+1565." Still in this vital case, where the very question was, what Jewel
+himself had written, it is plain that the early edition of 1565 was
+never consulted. The roughness of the censure might surely in any case
+have been spared. It may be noted (vol. viii. p. 195. Oxf. edit.), that
+Jewel in 1568 wrote to Archbishop Parker: "I beseech your grace to give
+strait orders that the Latin Apology be not printed again in any case,
+before either your grace or some other have well perused it. <i>I am
+afraid of printers: their tyranny is intolerable.</i>"</p>
+
+<p>In vol. iv. p. 92., l. 1. <i>et seq.</i>, in the <i>Recapitulation of Jewel's
+Apology</i>, the words of the original Latin, "quid de Spiritu sancto,"
+marked in the following extract by Italics, are omitted in the Oxford
+edition "Exposuimus tibi universam rationem religionis nostr�, quid de
+Deo Patre, quid de ejus unico Filio Jesu Christo, <i>quid de Spiritu
+sancto</i>, quid de ecclesia, quid de sacramentis ... sentiamus." And in
+vol. vi. p. 523., l. 6., where Bishop Jewel gives that passage as
+rendered by Lady Bacon, namely: "We have declared at large unto you the
+very whole manner of our religion, what our opinion is of God the
+Father, and of his only Son Jesus Christ, <i>of the Holy Ghost</i>, of the
+church, of the sacrament," the following is appended:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "[In the Latin Apology no words occur here relating to the Third
+   Person of the Blessed Trinity.]"</p>
+
+<p>A similar notice is also given in vol. viii. p. 385.&mdash;The fact is, that
+the words "quid de Spiritu sancto" do occur in the Latin Apology, 1562,
+which was the first edition of that work, and, so far as I am aware, the
+only edition printed in Jewel's life, from which too the Oxford reprint
+professes to be taken, and a copy of which any one can consult in the
+British Museum. Those words will also be found, within six or eight
+pages of the end, in the various later editions, as for example those of
+Vautrollier, London, 1581; Forster, Amberg, 1606; Boler, London, 1637;
+and Dring, London, 1692 (which are in my own possession); as also in the
+editions of Bowier, 1584; Chard, 1591; and Hatfield, London, 1599. The
+editions of Jewel's works printed in 1609 and 1611, edited by Fuller,
+under the sanction of Archbishop Bancroft, did not contain the Latin
+Apology. There is not a shadow of authority for the omission. All the
+modern reprints too, with which I am acquainted, only excepting a small
+edition printed at Cambridge, 1818, p. 140., give the words in question.
+It would seem that the Oxford editor must have used the very inaccurate
+reprint of 1818, for supplying copy for the printer;<a id="printer6"></a><a title="Go to footnote 6." href="#fn6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a>  and reference
+either to that first edition of 1562, which the reprint of 1848
+professes to follow, or to any early edition, even in this case, where
+the context clearly requires the omitted words, was neglected.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn6"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#printer6" class="label">[6]</a> I have observed another error in the Cambridge edition,
+1818, p. 115., last line but five, "domum manere" instead of the
+original and classical reading, "domi manere." That misprint of 1818 is
+followed by the Oxford edition of 1848, vol. iv. p. 77. l.&nbsp;12., Apol.
+pars vi. cap.&nbsp;8. div.&nbsp;1.</p>
+
+<p>I have said that the Oxford Jewel of 1848 professes to follow the Latin
+Apology of 1562, as a copy of the Latin title, with the date 1562, is
+prefixed to the Oxford edition, vol. iv. p. 1.: but the colophon
+appended to that reprint, p. 95., is strangely dated 1567. Was there any
+Latin edition of the Apology printed in that year? And, if so, why are
+different dates given for the title and colophon of the Oxford reprint?
+One can only conclude that the date 1567 is itself an error.</p>
+
+<p>The following is printed in vol. viii. p. 290., l. 11., from Lady
+Bacon's translation of Jewel's Apology, 1564, part ii. ch. 7. div. 5.:
+"As touching the Bishop of Rome, for all his parasites state
+<a id="state226"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[226]</span>
+ and
+ringly sing those words in his ears, 'To thee will I give the keys of
+the kingdom of heaven,'" &amp;c. This case is different from those mentioned
+above, in the respect that the words "state and ringly" do occur in the
+printed edition of 1564; but it scarcely need be observed that the words
+"state &amp; ringly" are a misprint for "flatteringly," when it is added
+that Jewel himself, in his revised edition of Lady Bacon's translation,
+in the <i>Defence of the Apology</i>, 1567 and 1570, reads: "for all that his
+flattering parasites sing these words in his ears." The original Latin
+is "quamvis illi suaviter cantilentur illa verba a parasitis suis."</p>
+
+<p>There are also various errors and several omissions in the Oxford Jewel,
+in the verification of the numerous references. Among various notes (I
+would however add) which are inaccurate, and several that appear to me
+superfluous, there are some which are most useful, as, for example, that
+in vol. ii. p. 195., on the Gloss in the Canon Law, "Our Lord God the
+Pope."</p>
+
+ <p class="right">    C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLET</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>ANAGRAMS.</span></h3>
+
+<p>You have now completed the third volume of "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>," and, to
+the no small surprise of all lovers of "jeux de mots," not a single
+specimen of the genus Anagram has found its way into your columns. To
+what are we to ascribe such a circumstance? The ancients were not
+ashamed to indulge in this intellectual pastime, and their anagrams,
+says Samuel Maunder, occasionally contained some happy allusion. The
+moderns have given unequivocal proofs of their fecundity in the same
+line, and the anagrammatic labours of the French nation alone would form
+several volumes. Indeed, to that nation belongs the honour of having
+introduced the anagram; and such is the estimation in which "the art"
+was held by them at one time, that their kings were provided with a
+salaried Anagrammatist, as ours are with a pensioned Laureate. How comes
+it then that a species of composition, once so popular, has found no
+representative among the many learned correspondents of your popular
+periodical? Has the anagram become altogether extinct, or is it only
+awaiting the advent of some competent genius to restore it to its proper
+rank in the republic of letters?</p>
+
+<p>To me it is clear that the real cause of the prevailing dearth of
+anagrams is the great difficulty of producing good ones. Good anagrams
+are, to say the least of it, quite as scarce as good epic poems; for, if
+it be true that the utmost efforts of the human intellect have not given
+birth to more than six good epic poems, it is no less true that the
+utmost exertion of human ingenuity has not brought forth more than half
+a dozen good anagrams. Some critics are of opinion that we do possess
+six good epic poems. Now, where shall we find six good anagrams? If they
+exist, let them be <i>exhibited</i> in the pages of "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>."</p>
+
+<p>Indeed, it may be said that the anagram and the epic poem are the alpha
+and omega of literature. I am aware that by thus placing them in
+juxtaposition the contrast may have the effect of disparaging the
+anagram. The epic poem will naturally enough suggest the idea of the
+sublime, and the anagram, as naturally, that of the ridiculous: and then
+it will be said that between the two there is but a step. But let any
+gentleman make the experiment, and he will find that, instead of a step,
+the intermediate space will present to his astonished legs a surface
+co-extensive with the wide field of modern mediocrity. As for myself, I
+have ransacked in search of anagrams every hole and corner in ancient
+and modern literature, and have found very few samples worthy of the
+name. Reserving the ancients for future consideration, let us see what
+the moderns have to boast of in this respect.</p>
+
+<p>And first, what says Isaac Disraeli? Anagrams being literary
+curiosities, one would naturally expect to meet with some respectable
+samples of them in that writer's <i>Curiosities of Literature</i>. Yet, what
+do we find? Among about a score which he quotes, there is not one that
+can be reckoned a tolerable anagram, while by far the greater number are
+no anagrams at all. An anagram is the change of a word or sentence into
+another word or sentences by an <i>exact</i> transposition of the letters.
+Where a single letter is either omitted or added, the anagram is
+incomplete. Of this description are the following, cited by Disraeli:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+<div class="stanza">
+       <p> "Thomas Overburie,</p>
+      <p>"O! O! base murther."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+    <p> "Charles James Stewart,</p>
+    <p>  "Claims Arthur's Seat."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+  <p>"Martha Nicholson,</p>
+     <p> "Soon calm at heart."</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<p>I next turned to Samuel Maunder and his <i>Scientific and Literary
+Treasury</i>, little suspecting that, in a repertory bearing so ambitious a
+title, I should fail to discover the object of my search. True, he
+quotes the anagram made by Dr. Burney after the battle of the Nile:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+     <p>   "Horatio Nelson,</p>
+    <p>  "Honor est a Nilo."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>And this, it must be confessed, is one of the best on record. The
+transposition is complete, and the allusion most apposite. But with that
+exception, what does this pretended <i>Treasury</i> disclose? A silly attempt
+to anagrammatise the name of our beloved queen; thus:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+ <p>    "Her most gracious Majesty Alexandrina Victoria,</p>
+     <p> "Ah! my extravagant joco-serious radical Minister!"
+<a id="radical227"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[227]</span></p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>coupled with the admission that nothing can be more ridiculous or
+inapplicable, and that one-half of the anagrams in existence are not a
+whit less absurd. And yet, for this piece of absurdity, as well as for
+another of the same calibre, on&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+
+  <p>  "His Grace the Duke of Wellington,</p>
+     <p> "Well fought, K&mdash;! no disgrace in thee,"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Mr. Maunder claims the merit of originality. In other words (which are
+no other than his own), he claims merit for being "puerile,"
+"ridiculous," and "absurd." Alas! for the credit of anagrams! Alas! for
+the reputation of Galileo, Newton, and other philosophers, who could
+make great discoveries, and resort to anagrams to announce them to the
+world, but who were incapable of discovering that an anagram was an
+absurdity!</p>
+
+<p>Finding matters at so low an ebb in our own literature, and that English
+anagrams are little better than Irish bulls, I directed my attention to
+the literary records of the French, among whom the anagrammatic bump is
+very prominent. From its character, and the process of its formation,
+the anagram is peculiarly adapted to the genius of that people. It is
+light and airy: so are they. It is conceited and fantastical: so are
+they. It seems to be what it is not: so do they. Its very essence is
+transposition, involution; what one might call a sort of
+Jump-Jim-Crow-ism: and so is theirs. Hence the partiality which they
+have always shown for the anagram: their Rebuses, Almanacs, Annuaires,
+and collections of trifles are full of them. One-half of the disguises
+adopted by their anonymous writers are in the shape of anagrams, formed
+from their names; and one of them has gone the length of composing and
+publishing a poem of 1200 lines, every line of which contains an
+anagram. The name assumed by the author (Gabriel Antoine Joseph H�cart)
+is L'Anagramme d'Archet; and the book bears the title of <i>Anagramm�ana,
+Po�me en VIII Chants, XCV<span class="topnum">e</span> Edition, � Anagrammatopolis, l'An XIV de
+l'Ere anagrammatique</i>. But it so happens that out of the 1200 anagrams
+not a single one is worth quoting. Qu�rard describes this poem, not
+inaptly, as a "d�bauche d'esprit;" and the author himself calls it "une
+ineptie;" to which I may add the opinion of Richelet, that "l'anagramme
+est une des plus grandes inepties de l'esprit humain: il faut �tre sot
+pour s'en amuser, et pis que sot pour en faire."</p>
+
+<p>With such an appreciation of the value of anagrams, is it surprising
+that the French should have produced so few good ones? M. de Pix�r�court
+mentions two which he deems so unexceptionable, that they might induce
+us to overlook the general worthlessness of that kind of composition.
+They are as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+<div class="stanza">
+
+      <p>"B�l�tre,</p>
+     <p> "Libert�."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="stanza">
+
+ <p>"Benoist,</p>
+      <p>"Bien sot."</p></div>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Now, the first is only true in France, where true liberty was never
+understood: and the second is true nowhere. <i>Benoist</i> is merely a vulgar
+name, and the adoption of it does not necessarily imply that the bearer
+is a "sot." M. De Pix�r�court might have quoted some better samples; the
+famous one, for instance, on the assassin of Henri III.:&mdash;</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+
+<p> "Fr�re Jacques Clement,</p>
+    <p>  "C'es l'enfer qui m'a cr��."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Or the following Latin anagrams on the names of two of his most
+distinguished countrymen:&mdash;</p>
+
+     <div class="poem">
+
+<div class="stanza">
+
+<p> "De la Monnoi,</p>
+      <p>"A Delio nomen."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+   <div class="stanza">
+
+ <p>  "Voltaire,</p>
+     <p> "O alte vir!"</p>
+
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>I was on the point of relinquishing in despair my search for anagrams,
+when an accidental circumstance put me in possession of one of the best
+specimens I have met with. Some time ago, in an idle mood, I took up a
+newspaper for the purpose of glancing at its contents, and as I was
+about to read, I discovered that I held the paper by the wrong end.
+Among the remarkable headings of news there was one which I was desirous
+of decyphering before I restored the paper to its proper position, and
+this happened to be the word "[inverted]DNALERI". </p>
+
+<p class="center">
+<img src="images/image01.jpg" width="100" height="29" alt="[inverted]DNALERI" /></p>
+
+
+<p class="noindent">Instead, however, of
+making out the name from letters thus inverted, I found the anagram&mdash;</p>
+
+   <div class="poem">
+
+<p>  "Daniel R."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>My first impression, on ascertaining this result, was one of horror at
+the treasonable "jeu de mots" I had so unwittingly perpetrated.
+Remembering, however, that Daniel O'Connell is dead, and that Irish
+loyalty has nothing to fear from Daniel the Second, I resolved to give
+the public the benefit of the discovery by sending it to you for
+ "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>."</p>
+
+<p class="right"> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> H. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="left"> St. Lucia, August, 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>FOLK LORE.</span></h3>
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Cure for Hooping Cough.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;It is said by the inhabitants of the forest
+of Bere, East Hants, that new milk drank out of a cup made of the wood
+of the variegated holly is a cure for the hooping cough.</p>
+
+<p class="right">&#8599;</p>
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Cure for the Toothache.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In the village of Drumcondra, about a mile
+and half on the northern side of Dublin, there is an old churchyard,
+remarkable as the burying-place of Gandon the architect, Grose the
+antiquary, and Thomas Furlong the translator of Carolan's Remains. On
+the borders of this churchyard there is a well of beautiful water, which
+is resorted to by the folks of the village afflicted with toothache,
+who, on their way across the graves pick up an old skull, which they
+carry with them to drink from, the
+<a id="the228"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[228]</span>
+ doing of which they assert to
+be an infallible cure. Others merely resort to the place for the purpose
+of pulling a tooth from a skull, which they place on or over the hole or
+stump of the grown tooth, and they affirm that by keeping it there for a
+certain time the pain ceases altogether. There is a young woman at this
+instant in the employment of my mother, who has practised these two
+remedies, and who tells me she knows several others who have done the
+same.</p>
+
+<p class="right">    C. H<span class="smcap lowercase">OEY</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="left">    Near Drumcondra, County Dublin.</p>
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Medical Use of Pigeons.</i>&mdash;</span></h4>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+<p>"Spirante columba </p>
+<p>Suppositu pedibus, revocantur adima vapores."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "'They apply pigeons to draw the vapours from the head.'"&mdash;Dr.
+   Donne's "Devotions upon Emergent Occasions," <i>Works</i>, vol. iii.
+   p. 550. Lond. 1839.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Alford appends to the above-cited passage the following note:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "After a careful search in Pliny, Burton's <i>Anatomy of
+   Melancholy</i>, and Sir Thomas Browne's <i>Vulgar Errors</i>, I can find
+   no mention of this strange remedy."</p>
+
+<p>I am inclined to suspect that the application of pigeons was by no means
+an uncommon remedy in cases particularly of fever and delirium. To quote
+one passage from Evelyn:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "Neither the cupping nor the <i>pidgeons</i>, those last of remedyes,
+   wrought any effect."&mdash;<i>Life of Mr. Godolphin</i>, p. 148. Lond.
+   1847.</p>
+
+<p>Some of your correspondents may possibly be able to furnish additional
+information respecting this custom; for I am confident of having seen it
+alluded to, though at the moment I cannot remember by whom.</p>
+
+<p class="right">   R<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="left">   Warmington.</p>
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Obeism.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In the <i>Medical Times</i> of 30th Sept. there is a case of a
+woman who fancied herself under its influence, in which the name (in a
+note) is derived from Obi, the town, district, or province in Africa
+where it was first practised; and there is appended to it the following
+description of one of the superstitions as given by a witness on a
+trial:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "Do you know the prisoner to be an Obeah man?&mdash;Ees, massa; shadow
+   catcher true.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"What do you mean by shadow catcher?&mdash;Him hab coffin [a little
+   coffin was here produced]; him set to catch dem shadow.</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot">"What shadow do you mean?&mdash;When him set Obeah for somebody him
+   catch dem shadow, and dem go dead."</p>
+
+<p>The derivation of the name from a place is very different from the
+supposition so cleverly argued in the Third Vol. connecting it with Ob;
+but I cannot find in any gazetteer to which I at present have had
+access, any place in Africa of the name, or a similar name. I do not
+remember in the various descriptions I have read of the charms
+practised, that one of catching the shadow mentioned.</p>
+
+<p class="right">   E. N. W.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>NOTES ON JULIN, NO. II.<br />
+(Vol. ii., pp. 230. 282. 379. 443.; Vol. iv., p. 171.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>I resume the chain of evidence where I left off in my last
+communication.</p>
+
+<p>The account given by Pomerania's best and most trusty historian, Thomas
+Kanzow, Kantzow, Kamzow, Kansow, Kahnsow, Kantzouw, or Cantzow<a id="born7"></a><a title="Go to footnote 7." href="#fn7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a>  (born
+1505; died 25th September, 1542), of Stralsund, in his <i>Pomerania</i> (ed.
+Meden, p. 405., 1841, W. Dietze, Anclam.), of Wollin, only previously
+alluded to by your correspondents, is as follows:</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "<i>Of Wollin.</i>&mdash;Wollin was before, as it appears from heretofore
+   written histories, a powerful city; and one yet finds far about
+   the town foundations and tokens that the city was once very
+   great; but it has since been destroyed, and numbers now scarcely
+   300 to 400 citizens.<a id="and8"></a><a title="Go to footnote 8." href="#fn8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a>  It has a parish church and nunnery
+   (<i>jungfrauenkloster</i>), and a ducal government. It lies on a piece
+   of marshland, on the Dievenow, called the Werder. The citizens
+   are customed like the other Pomeranians, but they are considered
+   somewhat awkwarder (<i>unhandlicher</i> = unhandier). It is a curious
+   custom of this land and city that generally more inhuman things
+   take place there than anywhere else; and that I may relate
+   something, I will tell of a dreadful occurrence that lately
+   happened there.<a id="there9"></a><a title="Go to footnote 9." href="#fn9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a>  Of Wollyn there is nothing more to be written,
+   except that the revered Master Doctor Joannes Buggenhagen was
+   born in this city, who is no insignificant ornament both of the
+   holy New Testament and of his fatherland."</p>
+
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn7"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#born7" class="label">[7]</a> The publication of whose works in English I strongly
+recommend.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn8"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#and8" class="label">[8]</a> In later times, however, the population has become
+greater.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn9"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#there9" class="label">[9]</a> Not to be found.</p>
+
+<p>On Vineta he writes (<i>High German Chronicle</i>, ed. Meden, lib. ii. pp.
+32-35.):&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "Not long after this Schwenotto threw off Christianity, and set
+   himself against his father Harald, king in Denmark, and drove him
+   from the kingdom. So Harald fled to Wollyn, in Pomerania. There
+   the Wends, notwithstanding that he was a Christian, and they
+   still of the ancient faith, received him kindly, and, together
+   with the other Wends and Pomeranians, fitted out ships and an
+   armament, and brought him with force back into his kingdom, and
+   fought the whole day with Schweno, so that it was uncertain who
+   had or had not won there. Then the next day they arose and made a
+   smiting,<a id="smiting10"></a><a title="Go to footnote 10." href="#fn10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a>  and in the fray Harald was shot by a Dane, and
+   perhaps by his son's command. Then brought the Wollyners him to
+   their ships, and carried him away to their city that there they
+   might doctor (<i>artzten</i>) him. But he died of the wound, and was
+   buried there, after he had reigned about fifty years, about the
+   thousandth year after the birth of Christ. So writeth Saxo. But
+   Helmold writes, that he came<a id="came229"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[229]</span>
+ to Vineta: these holp him
+   into his kingdom again, and when he was shot in the skirmish,
+   they brought him back to their town, where he died<a id="died11"></a><a title="Go to footnote 11." href="#fn11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a>  and was
+   buried. And that I myself believe; for though Wollyn was a mighty
+   state at that time, still Vineta was much mightier; and it is
+   therefore to be concluded that he fled to Vineta, rather than to
+   Wollyn, and that Vineta was on that account afterwards destroyed:
+   and as we are come to Vineta, we will say what Helmold writes
+   thereof, which is this:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Vineta has been a powerful city, with a good harbour for the
+   surrounding nations; and after so much has been told of the city
+   which is totally (<i>schyr</i> = sheerly) incredible, I will relate
+   this much. It is said to have been as great a city as any which
+   Europe contained at that time, and it was promiscuously inhabited
+   by Greeks, Slavonians, Wends, and other nations. The Saxons,
+   also, upon condition of not openly practising Christianity, were
+   permitted to inhabit with them; for all the citizens were
+   idolaters down to the final destruction and fall of the city. Yet
+   in customs, manners, and hospitality there is not a more worthy
+   nation, or so worthy a one, to be found. The city was full of all
+   sorts of merchandise (<i>kaufwahr</i>) from all countries, and had
+   everything which was curious, luxurious (<i>lustig</i> = lustful), and
+   necessary; and a king of Denmark destroyed them a great fleet of
+   war. The ruins and recollection of the town remain even to this
+   day, and the island on which it lay is flowed round by three
+   streams, of which one is of a green colour, the other greyish,
+   and the third dashes and rushes by reason of storm and wind. And
+   so far Helmold, who wrote about 400 years ago.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "And it is true that the remains exist at the present day: for
+   when one desires to go from Wolgast over the Pene, in the country
+   of Usedom, and comes by a village called Damerow, which is by
+   [about] two miles<a id="miles12"></a><a title="Go to footnote 12." href="#fn12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a>  from Wolgast, so sees one about a long
+   quarter way into the sea (for the ocean has encroached upon the
+   land so much since then), great stones and foundations. So have I
+   with others rowed thither, and have carefully looked at it. But
+   no brickwork is there now; for it is so many hundred years since
+   the destruction of the city, that it is impossible that it can
+   have remained so long in the stormy sea. Yet the great
+   foundation-stones are there still, and lie in a row, as they are
+   usually disposed under a house, one by the other; and in some
+   places others upon them. Among these stones are some so great, in
+   three or four places, that they reach ell high above the water;
+   so that it is conjectured that their churches or assembly-houses
+   stood there. But the other stones, as they still lie in the order
+   in which they lay under the buildings (<i>geben</i>), show also
+   manifestly how the streets went through the length and breadth
+   (<i>in die lenge und �bers quer</i>) of the city. And the fishermen of
+   the place told us that still whole paving-stones of the streets
+   lay there, and were covered with moss<a id="moss13"></a><a title="Go to footnote 13." href="#fn13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a>  (<i>�bermoset</i>), so that
+   they could not be seen; yet if one pricked therein with a
+   sharp-pointed pole or lance, they were easily to be felt. And the
+   stones lay somehow after that manner: and as we rowed backward
+   and forward over the foundations, and remarked the fashion of the
+   streets, saw we that the town was built lengthways from east to
+   west. But the sea deepens the farther we go, so that we could not
+   perceive the greatness of the city fully; but what we could see,
+   made us think that it was very probably of about the size of
+   L�beck: for it was about a short quarter<a id="short14"></a><a title="Go to footnote 14." href="#fn14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a>  long, and the
+   breadth broader than the city L�beck. By this one may guess what
+   was the size of the part we could not see. And according to my
+   way of thinking, when this town was destroyed, Wisbu in Gottland
+   was restored."</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn10"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#smiting10" class="label">[10]</a> I have in the translation adopted the phrase of
+   Holy Writ, "made a smiting."</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn11"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#died11" class="label">[11]</a> This shows that the MSS. of Helmold were corrupted
+   at a very early period. I have seen one uncorrupted. A list of
+   them would be a thing desirable.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn12"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#miles12" class="label">[12]</a> German, answering to about eight English.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn13"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#moss13" class="label">[13]</a> I have translated <i>�bermoset</i> as above, though nothing at
+the bottom could be covered with moss. I suspect the true lection to be
+<i>�bermodert</i>, as <i>moder</i> exists in the present German, answering to our
+word "mother."</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn14"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#short14" class="label">[14]</a> This expression, as well as a previous one, alludes to the
+distance. "Of a mile" is, in both cases, to be understood.</p>
+
+<p>Wisby, <i>en passant</i>, may be described as a merchant town of great
+importance in the medi�val period, and whence we have derived our
+navigation laws. It has now about 4000 inhabitants, and has many ruined
+buildings and sculptured marble about it.</p>
+
+<p>So far Kantzow in the <i>High German Chronicle</i>: in the <i>Low German
+Chronicle</i> (ed. B�hmer, Greifswald, 1832), I find nothing bearing on the
+subject.</p>
+
+<p>Indistinct and wavering is Kantzow in his account, but thus much is to
+be gathered from it.</p>
+
+<p>1. That the <i>soi-disant</i> Vineta lay east and west; Julin or Wollin lies
+north and south.</p>
+
+<p>2. That the destruction of Wollin ensued on its aiding an enemy against
+Denmark.</p>
+
+<p>3. That in the mind of Kantzow the two towns were not confounded, and
+that he had heard both legends, but had not sufficient critical sagacity
+to disentangle the mess.</p>
+
+<p>The oldest MSS. of Helmold have not this error. I have myself, as
+previously stated, seen one uncorrupted. The closing words of Kantzow
+seem to make it necessary to search for the date of the rebuilding of
+Wisby, which I have not at present the means of doing, though I will
+take an early opportunity of settling this, oddly enough, contested
+point.</p>
+
+<p>Von Raumer emphatically brands the legend of Vineta as a fable; as also
+my friend M. de Kaiserling. And I myself am forcibly reminded of an old
+Irish legend I read long ago somewhere or other, of the disappearance of
+a city in the Lake of Killarney, of which, my authority stated, the
+towers were occasionally to be perceived. Another legend, of which the
+scene was laid in Mexico, I recollect, was to the same effect; and in
+this I am confirmed by a friend, who has traveled much in that country.
+I must myself totally deny the
+<a id="deny230"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[230]</span>
+existence of Vineta, except as the
+capital city of the Veneti, when I would place it in R�gen.</p>
+
+<p>I may as well add that M. de Kaiserling dug up his coins in the
+north-western corner of Wollin, near the Rathhaus.</p>
+
+<p>The Salmarks are in the neighbourhood of the town, the Greater one to
+the north, the Lesser to the south.</p>
+
+<p>I will now close the paper, already too long, and hope for elucidations
+and remarks from abler pens.</p>
+
+<p class="right">   K<span class="smcap lowercase">ENNETH</span> R. H. M<span class="smcap lowercase">ACKENZIE</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="left">  September 25, 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Minor Notes.</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span><i>Curious Epitaph in Dalkeith Churchyard.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The following inscription is
+on the tombstone of one Margaret Scott, who died in the town of
+Dalkeith, February 9, 1738, aged 125 years:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+     <p> "Stop passenger, until my life you read:</p>
+     <p> The living may get knowledge by the dead.</p>
+     <p> Five times five years I lived a virgin's life:</p>
+     <p> Ten times five years I was a virtuous wife:</p>
+      <p>Ten times five years I lived a widow chaste;</p>
+     <p> Now, weary'd of this mortal life, I rest.</p>
+      <p>Between my cradle and my grave have been</p>
+     <p> Eight mighty kings of Scotland and a queen.</p>
+     <p> Four times five years the Commonwealth I saw;</p>
+      <p>Ten times the subjects rose against the law.</p>
+     <p> Twice did I see old Prelacy pull'd down;</p>
+      <p>And twice the cloak was humbled by the gown.</p>
+      <p>An end of Stuart's race I saw: nay, more!</p>
+      <p>My native country sold for English ore.</p>
+      <p>Such desolations in my life have been,</p>
+      <p>I have an end of all perfection seen."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>I thought that the above instance of what might be termed "historical
+longevity" was worthy of a place in your pages, along with others
+proving how "traditions from remote periods may come through few hands."</p>
+
+
+<p class="right">    B<span class="smcap lowercase">LOWEN</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Device of SS.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;However doubtful may be the derivation of our English
+"Collar of Esses," there is a pretty explanation given of a similar
+device granted to a Spanish nobleman.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that Gatierre de Cardenas was the first person who announced
+to the young Princess Isabella of Castile the approach of her future
+husband, Ferdinand of Aragon (after his romantic journey to Valladolid
+in 1469), exclaiming, "Esse es, esse es,"&mdash;"This is he!" He obtained
+permission to add to his escutcheon the letters SS. to commemorate this
+circumstance.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">     O. P. Q.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Lord Edward Fitzgerald.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Having seen in "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" a remark
+about Lord Edward Fitzgerald, I wish to add the following.</p>
+
+<p>The body of Lord Edward Fitzgerald has never been removed by his
+relatives, but has lain in an outside vault or passage, under the parish
+church of St. Werburgh, Dublin, until very lately, when (I believe
+within the last year) Lady Campbell, widow of General Sir Guy Campbell,
+Bart., and daughter of Pamela, caused it to be placed in an oak coffin,
+the old one being greatly decayed. It is now removed into what is called
+the chancel vault.</p>
+
+<p class="right">    L. M. M.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>The Michaelmas Goose.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Why it is that here in England&mdash;</p>
+
+      <div class="poem">
+
+    <p> "&mdash;&mdash; by custom (right divine)</p>
+     <p> Geese are ordained to bleed at Michael's shrine,"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>is a mystery still unsolved by English antiquaries. For, even if the
+story that Queen Elizabeth was eating a goose on Michaelmas Day when she
+received the news of the defeat of the Spanish Armada, rested on
+unquestionable authority, it would not explain the origin of the custom,
+since Brand has shown, by a reference to Blount's <i>Jocular Tenures</i>,
+that it existed as early as the tenth year of Edward IV. If we seek an
+illustration from the practice of our continental neighbours, we shall
+fail; or only learn that we have transferred to the Feast of St. Michael
+a practice which is observed abroad on that of St. Martin, the 11th
+November: indeed, St. Martin's Bird is a name by which the goose is
+known among many of the continental nations. In the Runic Calendar the
+11th November is marked by a goose. In the old <i>Bauern Practica</i> (ed.
+1567), <i>Wintermonat</i> or November boasts, in one of the Rhymes of the
+Month,&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+
+<p>  "Fat geese unto the rich I sell."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>And in the curious old Story Book of Peter Leu, reprinted by von der
+Hagen in his <i>Narrenbuch</i>, one of the adventures commences:</p>
+
+     <div class="poem">
+
+ <p>"It fell upon St. Martin's Day,</p>
+     <p> When folks are wont goose-feasts to keep."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>A learned German, however, Nork (<i>Festkalender</i>, s. 567.), sees in our
+Michaelmas Goose the last traces of the goose offered of old to
+Proserpina, the infernal goddess of death (on which account it is that
+the figure of this bird is so frequently seen on monumental remains);
+and also of the offerings (among which the goose figured) formerly made
+to Odin at this season, a pagan festival which on the introduction of
+Christianity was not abolished, but transferred to St. Michael.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">    W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIAM</span> J. T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMS</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Gravesend Boats</i></span> <span>(Vol. ii., p. 209.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In a letter from Sir Thomas
+Heneage to Sir Christopher Hatton, dated 2nd May, 1585, given in
+Nicolas's <i>Memoir of the Life and Times of Sir Christopher Hatton</i> (p.
+426.), is this passage:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "Her Highness thinketh your house will shortly be like a
+   Gravesend barge, never without a knave, a priest, or a thief,"
+   &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>"Her Highness" was Queen Elizabeth, and the purport of the letter was to
+convey "her Highness's
+<a id="her231"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[231]</span>
+ pleasure" touching one Isaac Higgins, then
+in the custody of Sir Christopher Hatton.</p>
+
+<p class="right">   C. H. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OOPER</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="left">   Cambridge, Sept. 19. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Skull-cups.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;There are so very few consecutive and methodical readers
+left, that it is not surprising that Mr. Blackwell, the editor of Bohn's
+<i>Mallet</i>, should have adopted the groundless charge of one Magnusen
+against Olaus Wormius, who understood Ragnar's death-song much better
+than certain ironical dilettanti of Cockneyland. Charlemagne's
+secretary, Paul Warnefrid, the Lombard deacon of Aquileia, swears that,
+about 200 years after the event, King Ratchis had shown him <i>the cup
+made out of Cunimund's skull</i>, in which Queen Rosamund, his daughter,
+refused to drink, in the year 574.<a id="year15"></a><a title="Go to footnote 15." href="#fn15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a>  (<i>Paul. Diac.</i> ii. 8.) Open the
+<i>Acta Sanctorum</i> for the 1st of May, and they will tell you that the
+monks of Triers had enchased in silver the skull of St. Theodulf, out of
+which they administered fever-drink to the sick. Moreover, when, in the
+year 1465, Leo von Rozmital came to Neuss, he saw a costly tomb wherein
+lay the blessed Saint Quirinus, and he drank out of his skull-cup. St.
+Sebastian's skull at Ebersberg, and St. Ernhart's at Ratisbonne, had
+also been converted into chalices.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn15"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#year15" class="label">[15]</a> See Grotius's valuable Collection of Gothic and Lombard
+Historians.</p>
+
+<p>I refer the reader to Jacob Grimm's <i>Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache</i>,
+pp. 143. 146., for further details: he shows that to drink ale out of
+<i>buigv�dum hausa</i>, can only mean out of "hollow skulls," literally
+"<i>vacuitas</i> curva."</p>
+
+<p>To prove the antiquity of the custom, Grimm alleges likewise a passage
+of the Vilkinasaga, in which V�lundr, the smith, our Belenger,<a id="smith16"></a><a title="Go to footnote 16." href="#fn16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a> or
+Will o' the Wisp, enchases in silver the amputated skulls of Nidads' two
+boys.</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn16"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#smith16" class="label">[16]</a> F&oelig;u <i>B�lenger</i>, in one of the dialects of the
+Low-Norman Isles.</p>
+
+<p class="right">     G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">�TIVIER</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span class="bla">Queries.</span></h2>
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Minor Queries.</span></h3>
+
+
+<h4><span>168. <i>Elizabeth, Equestrian Figure of.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Doubtless many of your readers
+have seen in the Exhibition a large equestrian figure of Elizabeth; it
+is in the N.W. gallery, in one of the large plate cases. Now the horse
+is described as pacing, which the explanation states was a step taught
+the horses belonging to the ladies of that period. Query, where a
+description of pacing, or rules for teaching horses to pace, amble, &amp;c.,
+may be found? for what appears so extraordinary in the figure is that
+the fore and hind legs of the same side of the horse are extended
+together, or simultaneously. I have in the <i>Graphic Illustrator</i> a
+picture of Elizabeth hawking (the figure in the Exhibition may have been
+copied from the original), where the horse is in the same attitude. I
+feel anxious to know if that unnatural gait is possible, or whether it
+is a part or the whole of the pacing step.</p>
+
+<p class="right">      T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOS</span>. L<span class="smcap lowercase">AWRENCE</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="left">   Ashby de la Zouch.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>169. <i>Indian Ants.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Is there any foundation for Pliny's account of the
+Indian ants, which were, according to Herodotus, "not so large as a dog,
+but bigger than a fox?"</p>
+
+<p class="right">    A. C. W.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>170. <i>Passage in Geo. Herbert.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;What is the meaning of the following?
+(Herbert's <i>Poems</i>, "Charms and Knots," ver. 8.):&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+
+ <p>   "Take one from ten, and what remains?</p>
+     <p> Ten still: if sermons go for gains."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="right">    H. T. G.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>171. <i>"The King's-way," Wilts.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Mention of this road, in the
+neighbourhood of Malmsbury, occurs in two charters of the Saxon kings
+Athelstan and Eadwig, Nos. 355. &amp; 460. Cod. Dipl. Aevi. Sax. The road is
+said to be known in Wiltshire as King Athelstan's Way. Can any of your
+correspondents oblige me by pointing out its course, and the immediate
+purpose for which it was constructed? There is a King's-way Field
+(Cyngwey-ffeld) mentioned in the ancient terriers of Bampton, Oxon, and
+still known there.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">   B. W.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>172. <i>Marriages within ruined Churches.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I have heard of marriages
+solemnized within <i>ruined</i> churches in Ireland within the last twenty
+years. What is the origin of this custom; was it general, and is it
+still observed?</p>
+
+<p class="right">    R. H.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>173. <i>Fees for Inoculation.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In an old Account Book of a Sussex county
+gentleman I find the following items:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">
+   "1780. I paid for the inoculation of William and Polly Parker, �5
+   15<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>"</p>
+
+<p>and again in 1784:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "Paid towards R. Stephen's inoculation, �1 11<i>s.</i> 0<i>d.</i>"</p>
+
+<p>from which it would appear that the process was a very expensive one in
+those days. I should feel obliged to any of your correspondents to give
+me some information on this point.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">   R. W. B.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>174. "<i>Born in the Eighth Climate.</i>"</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can any of your readers explain
+the allusion contained in the following extract from Sir Thomas Browne?</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "<i>I was born in the eighth climate</i>, but seem for to be framed
+   and constellated unto all."&mdash;<i>Religio Medici</i>, ii. 1.</p>
+
+<p>Will the notions of astrology throw any light upon it?</p>
+
+  <p class="right">   N. H.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>175. <i>Aubry de Montdidier's Dog.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Who was the King of France that
+subjected the Chevalier Macaire to the ordeal by combat with this
+famous
+<a id="famous232"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[232]</span>
+ dog? In some of the authorities it is said to be Charles
+VI., and in others "Le Roi Jean," meaning, I presume, John II.</p>
+
+<p class="right">      H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> H. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="left">   St. Lucia.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>176. <i>Sanford's Descensus.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can any of your correspondents say if
+Sanford's <i>Descensus</i> has ever been published separately? It is spoken
+of in the 2nd vol. of Gale's <i>Court of the Gentiles</i>, and was published
+in the works of a bishop who survived him. A copy of that prelate's
+works is in the Bodleian Library, and contains the <i>Descensus</i>. What is
+the bishop's name?</p>
+
+<p class="right">       �<span class="smcap lowercase">GROTUS</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>177. <i>Parish Registers&mdash;Briefs for Collection.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;What acts of parliament
+since the reign of George I. affect parish registers?</p>
+
+<p>On what authority were collections made in churches <i>by brief</i>; in what
+year was that mode of collection decreed; and when did it cease?</p>
+
+<p class="right">  J. B. (A Subscriber.)</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>178. <i>Early Printing Presses, Sticks, and Chases.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I am a compositor,
+and have read with great interest the "Notes" on Caxton and Printing in
+your valuable publication. May I venture to put a Query which has often
+crossed my mind, especially when I went to see Mr. Maclise's great
+painting at the Royal Academy. What kind of press did Caxton and his
+successors use? Also, is anything known of the shape of their "sticks"
+and "chases?" Mr. Maclise seems to have taken a modern pattern for all
+of these, especially the two last.</p>
+
+<p class="right">       E<span class="smcap lowercase">M</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UAD</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>179. <i>Bootikins.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Horace Walpole speaks in many of his letters of the
+great benefit he had experienced from the use of <i>bootikins</i> in his
+attacks of gout. In a letter to George Montagu, Esq., dated July 31,
+1767, he says:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "Except one day's gout, which I cured with the <i>bootikins</i>, I
+   have been quite well since I saw you."</p>
+
+<p>Eight years afterwards his expectations of <i>cure</i> from them were not so
+high. In a letter to the Rev. Mr. Cole, dated June 5, 1775, he remarks:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "I am perfectly well, and expect to be so for a year and a half.
+   I desire no more of my <i>bootikins</i> than to curtail my fits."</p>
+
+<p>Dr. E. J. Seymour (<i>Thoughts on the Nature and Treatment of several
+severe Diseases of the Human Body</i>, i. 107.: London, 1847), says that&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "The <i>bootikins</i> were simply a glove, with a partition for the
+   thumb, but no separate ones for the fingers, like an infant's
+   glove, made of oiled silk."</p>
+
+<p>Can any of your readers shed light on this matter?</p>
+
+<p class="right">   R. D.</p>
+
+<p class="left">   Philadelphia.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>180. <i>Printers' Privilege.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I have heard it confidently stated that
+printers have the privilege, if they are disposed to use it, to wear on
+all occasions a sword dangling at their sides. If it be so, whence does
+it arise? I have heard two explanations, one, bearing <i>prim� facie</i>
+evidence of incorrectness, a special grant as a mark of favour; the
+other, which is the only reasonable way of accounting for such a totally
+unsuitable privilege, that when the act passed forbidding arms to be
+commonly worn, all kinds and manner of people were mentioned by the name
+of their trades, businesses, &amp;c., except printers, who were accidently
+omitted. How much of truth might there be in all this? What is the act
+alluded to?</p>
+
+<p class="right">    T<span class="smcap lowercase">EE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">EE</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>181. <i>Death of Pitt.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;What authority is there for the accompanying
+statement respecting the death of Mr. Pitt?</p>
+
+ <p>  "Among the anecdotes of statesmen few are more interesting than
+   that which records the death of Pitt. The hand which had so long
+   sustained the sceptre of this country found no hand to clasp it
+   in death. By friends and by servants he was alike deserted; and a
+   stranger wandering on from room to room of a deserted house, came
+   at last by chance to a chamber untended but not unquiet, in which
+   the great minister lay, alone and dead."&mdash;See <i>Edinburgh Review</i>
+   for July, 1851, p. 78., on the <i>Poems and Memoir of Hartley
+   Coleridge</i>.</p>
+
+<p class="right">   N<span class="smcap lowercase">ATHANIEL</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">LLISON</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>182. "<i>A little Bird told me.</i>"</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;C. W. wishes to know if any of the
+readers of "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" can tell him the origin of the proverb,
+"A little bird told me."</p>
+
+<p>C. W. has an idea that the origin is from the <i>Koran</i>, where is an
+account of all the birds being summoned before Solomon. The lapwing
+absents himself. Upon being questioned why he did not immediately obey,
+he says he has been at the court of the Queen of Sheba, who has resolved
+upon visiting Solomon. On the hint, Solomon prepares for the queen's
+reception. The lapwing sets off to Ethiopia, and tells the Queen that
+Solomon wishes to see her. The meeting, as we know, took place.</p>
+
+<p>Not having the <i>Koran</i>, C. W. cannot refer to it to see if it is right
+or wrong.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>183. <i>Baroner.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;At page 105. of the volume of <i>Bury Wills</i> published by
+the Camden Society, is the will of William Place, priest, Master of the
+Hospital of St. John Evangelist without the south gate of Bury St.
+Edmunds, dated 21st July, 1504, whereby he willed that "Damp" William
+Carsey (elsewhere in the same will called Karsey), "Baroner" of the
+Monastery of Bury St. Edmunds, should assign two children to say <i>De
+profundis</i> at his grave for his soul every day from his burying day till
+his thirtieth day be past, and they to have each day for their labour
+one penny betwixt them. Mr. Tymms's notes to the above publication are
+copious and valuable, but he omits to explain the term "Baroner;" and
+the object of this Query is to ascertain if he, or any of your numerous
+correspondents, can do so. I conjecture that the
+<a id="that233"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[233]</span>
+ Baroner was the
+master of the children (or song school), but I am not aware of any other
+instance of the use of the word as denoting a monastic officer.</p>
+
+<p class="right">   C. H. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OOPER</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="left">   Cambridge, Sept 19. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>184. <i>William the Third at Exeter&mdash;History of Hawick.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;1. Mr. Macaulay,
+in describing the entrance of William of Orange into Exeter, mentions
+that he was preceded, amongst others, by three hundred gentlemen of
+English birth. Can any of your correspondents inform me whether the
+names of these gentlemen are known, and, if so, where the roll may be
+met with?</p>
+
+<p>2. I remember to have read an extract from a work called the <i>History of
+Hawick</i> in Teviotdale, but I have never met with any one acquainted with
+the work. Is the book now extant, and, if so, where can it be seen? If
+any of your correspondents should have seen this volume, perhaps he can
+inform me whether it narrates an altercation between the abbot of
+Melrose and a neighbouring baron, which ended in the death of the
+former?</p>
+
+<p class="right">    H. L.</p>
+
+<p class="left">   Maen-twrog, North Wales.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>185. <i>Johannes Lychtenberger.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The "Pronosticatio," or "prophecies,"
+which bear this name, have been often reprinted since what I believe to
+be the first edition was published in the year 1488. In giving an
+account of the copies of it in the Lambeth Library, I stated that I knew
+of no other copy of this edition, except one in the Douce collection in
+the Bodleian. Eight years have elapsed since that time, and I have not
+heard of any; and as circumstances have lately led to my being engaged
+about the book, I shall be glad if you will allow me to ask whether any
+of your many learned correspondents know of a <i>prior</i> edition, or of any
+other copies of <i>this</i> one of 1488?</p>
+
+ <p class="right">     S. R. M<span class="smcap lowercase">AITLAND</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="left">   Gloucester.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>186. <i>Lestourgeon the Horologist.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I have in my possession an
+apparently very old, though very elegant and very excellent, eight-day
+clock, with the maker's name on its face, <i>Thomas Lestourgeon, London</i>.
+Some years ago there was found among the apparatus of the Natural
+Philosophy class, in the University of Edinburgh, what is called in the
+inventory "an old watch, maker's name Lestourgeon, London." Can any of
+your readers tell me when that excellent horologist flourished? I know
+the history of the clock for about a century, but how much older it may
+be I should like to know.</p>
+
+<p class="right">    J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">AURIE</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>187. <i>Physiological Query.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can any of your correspondents mention the
+work of any physiologist in which the <i>cause</i> is given why all
+herbivorous animals suck in what they drink, and all carnivorous animals
+lap it up by the action of the tongue? Also, what naturalists have
+specified that broad distinction, and whether it has been mentioned in
+any other work?</p>
+
+<p class="right">      �<span class="smcap lowercase">GROTUS</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>188. <i>De Grammont's Memoirs.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Is there an earlier edition of De
+Grammont's <i>Memoirs</i> than that in 12mo. printed at Cologne in 1713?</p>
+
+<p class="right">      P<span class="smcap lowercase">ETER</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">UNNINGHAM</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>189. "<i>Frightened out of his seven Senses.</i>"</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can this expression be met
+with in any author; or what is its origin?</p>
+
+<p>Is it simply synonymous to the more usual phrase, "To be frightened out
+of one's wits?"</p>
+
+<p>Is there any other passage in the language where the possession of more
+than <i>five</i> senses is implied?</p>
+
+<p class="right">    G. T. H.</p>
+
+<p class="left">    Acton.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>190. <i>Fides Carbonaria.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;What is the <i>origin</i> of a phrase known to
+readers of a certain Latinity, "Fides Carbonaria?" The French have an
+expression apparently equivalent, "Foi de Charbonnier;" but <i>what</i>
+originated either?</p>
+
+<p class="right">     A Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIST</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>191. <i>Bourchier Family.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I would be very much obliged to any
+correspondent who could tell me either the inscriptions on any monuments
+to the "Bourchier" family, or in what church they are to be found. I
+believe there are some in Northamptonshire.</p>
+
+<p class="right">    L. M. M.</p>
+
+<p class="left">   Dublin.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>192. <i>Warnings to Scotland.</i></span></h4>
+
+  <p>&mdash;"Warnings to Scotland, of the Eternal Spirit, to the City of
+   Edinburgh, in Scotland, by the mouths of Thomas Dutton, Guy Nutt,
+   John Glover, in their Mission by the Spirit to the said City, as
+   they were delivered in the year 1709, and faithfully taken down
+   in writing as they were spoken. London printed in the year 1710."</p>
+
+<p>The trio also gave "warnings" to the sinful city of Glasgow, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>I would be glad if any of your correspondents could give me any
+information regarding this <i>agitation</i>, and if it produced any sensation
+at the time?</p>
+
+ <p class="right">    E<span class="smcap lowercase">LGINENSIS</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>193. <i>Herschel anticipated.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can one of your correspondents mention the
+name, and any other particulars, of the man who anticipated Herschel
+relative to the sun's motion; and was declared to be mad for
+entertaining such opinions?</p>
+
+<p class="right">     �<span class="smcap lowercase">GROTUS</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>194. <i>Duke of Wellington.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Where can a copy of the petition, presented
+by the Lord Mayor and Common Council, setting forth the insufficiency of
+the Duke of Wellington as a general, and his obvious incapacity, and
+begging his immediate recall, be obtained, and the date of it? It is a
+droll historical document, which should not sink into oblivion.
+<a id="into234"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[234]</span></p>
+
+<p class="right">     �<span class="smcap lowercase">GROTUS</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Minor Queries Answered.</span></h3>
+
+
+<h4><span><i>An early Printer.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I have seen an old black-letter book of homilies in
+Latin, with the following imprint:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "Sermones Michaelis de Ungaria pr�dicabiles per tot&#363; annum
+   licet breves. Et sic est finis sit laus et gloria trinis
+   Impress&#363; suburbiis s&#257;cti germani de praetis per Petr&#363;
+   Leuet, anno dn&#773;i millesimo quadring&#275;te sino nonagesimo
+   septimo primo die vero. xiij. Novembris."</p>
+
+<p>I should be glad if any of your correspondents could furnish any
+information regarding the printer.</p>
+
+<p class="right">      A<span class="smcap lowercase">BERDONIENSIS</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  [Petrus Levet was one of the early Paris printers, and several of
+   the works printed by him are noticed in Gresswell's <i>Annals of
+   Parisian Typography</i>, pp. 96. 100. 104. At p. 178. will be found
+   his device, copied from the <i>Destructorium Vitiorum</i>, anno 1497.]</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Nimble Ninepence.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;What is the origin of this expression?</p>
+
+<p class="right">       P. S. K<span class="smcap lowercase">G</span>.</p>
+
+ <p>  ["A nimble ninepence is better than a slow shilling."&mdash;<i>Old
+   Proverb.</i>]</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Prince Rupert's Balls.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Why are the glass balls filled with floating
+bubbles called Rupert balls? Was the prince a glass-blower?</p>
+
+<p class="right">  &#8599;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">[The earliest experiments upon glass tears were made in 1656,
+   both in London and Paris; but it is not certain in what country
+   they were invented. They were first brought to England by Prince
+   Rupert, and experiments were made upon them by the Right Hon. Sir
+   Robert Moray, in 1661, by the command of his Majesty. An account
+   of these experiments is to be found in the Registers of the Royal
+   Society, of which he was one of the founders. See <i>Edinburgh
+   Encyclop�dia</i>, vol. x. p. 319.]</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Knock under.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;To <i>knock under</i>, in the sense of succumb, yield: <i>unde
+derivatur</i>?</p>
+
+ <p class="right">N<span class="smcap lowercase">OCAB</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   ["From the submission expressed among good fellows by knocking
+   under the table."&mdash;<i>Johnson.</i>]</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Freemasons.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Where can be found a good account of the origin of
+freemasons? And is there any truth in the story that Lord Doneraile made
+his daughter, the Honorable Miss E. St. Leger, a freemason?</p>
+
+ <p class="right">&#8599;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  [For a circumstantial account of the origin of Freemasons, see a
+   curious pamphlet published in 1812, entitled <i>Jachin and Boaz; or
+   an authentic Key to the Door of Freemasonry, both Ancient and
+   Modern</i>, &amp;c.; also, Oliver's <i>Antiquities of Freemasonry</i>. A very
+   interesting historico-critical inquiry into the origin of the
+   Rosicrucians and Freemasons, from the pen of the English
+   Opium-eater, who in it has abstracted, arranged, and in some
+   respects re-arranged the German work of J. G. Buhle, <i>Ueber den
+   Ursprung und die vornehmsten Schicksale der Orden der
+   Rosenkreuzer und Freymaurer</i>, will be found in the <i>London
+   Magazine</i> for January and February, 1824.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  We believe it is perfectly true that the Hon. Miss E. St. Leger
+   was made a mason, and that she always accompanied her lodge in
+   its processions.]</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span class="bla">Replies.</span></h2>
+
+
+<h3><span>CONQUEST OF SCOTLAND.<br />
+(Vol. iv., p. 165.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>In an article of A. C. in "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" for 30th August last,
+under the head "Plowden of Plowden" from Burke's <i>Landed Gentry</i>, I find
+this paragraph:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "The names of the followers of William the Conqueror are often
+   alluded to; but the 'comers over' at the C<span class="smcap lowercase">ONQUEST</span> of Wales,
+   S<span class="smcap lowercase">COTLAND</span>, and Ireland are but seldom thought of, though they lend
+   to their descendants' pedigree a degree of historical interest."</p>
+
+<p>I do not read this paragraph without pain, mingled with indignation. Who
+ever before heard of the conquest of Scotland? It is true, that, on
+repeated occasions, the English made successful inroads into that
+kingdom, sometimes of a larger, sometimes of a less extensive character;
+but the Scottish nation never did "lie at the proud foot of a
+conqueror."</p>
+
+<p>Though Edward I., by means of intrigues unworthy of his high character,
+did for a short period, during the interregnum consequent on the death
+of the Maid of Norway, assume the government of the Scottish realm, and
+put to death some of the most distinguished of her defenders, yet his
+successor paid the penalty of this unjust assumption in the battle of
+Bannockburn; a battle having justice on the side of the victorious
+party, and regarded by all Scotsmen as to be ranked in military prowess
+with those of Cressy, Poictiers, and Agincourt.</p>
+
+<p>It is not generally known, that upon the marriage of Mary to the Dauphin
+in 1558, Scotsmen were naturalised in France by an <i>ordonnance</i> of Henry
+II.; and that, in like manner, by an act of the parliament of Scotland,
+all Frenchmen were naturalised in that country. The ordonnance granting
+these privileges to Scotsmen within the realm of France, is printed in
+the Scottish statute-book along with the Scottish act granting similar
+privileges to Frenchmen within Scotland.</p>
+
+<p>One of the most distinguished writers on the law of Scotland, when
+dedicating his work to King Charles II., reminds him of the inscription
+on the palace of Holyrood: "Nobis h�c invicta miserunt centum sex
+Prouvi."</p>
+
+<p>When, in 1707, Scotland treated of an incorporating union with the realm
+of England, she treated as an independent and sovereign power, and the
+Treaty of Union was concluded with her in that character: a treaty which
+was at least as beneficial to England as it was to Scotland, by
+precluding in all time to come the intrigues of France with the Scottish
+sovereign and nation.<a id="and235"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[235]</span></p>
+
+<p>That Scotland was able for so many centuries to defend her liberties and
+independence against the powerful kingdom of England, does her great
+honour. There is no problem of more difficult solution than this: What
+might have happened, if some other great event had happened otherwise
+than it did? When England had overcome the kingdom of France, if
+Scotland had not afforded the means of annoyance to England, the seat of
+government might have been removed to France, and the great English
+nation have been absorbed in that country: but Providence ruled
+otherwise; England lost her dominion in France, and Scotland remained
+independent.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> S<span class="smcap lowercase">COTUS</span> O<span class="smcap lowercase">CTOGENARIUS</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>BOROUGH-ENGLISH.<br />
+(Vol. iv., p. 133.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>W. F<span class="smcap lowercase">RAZER'S</span> Query, which are the towns or districts in England in which
+Borough-English prevails, or has prevailed, and whether there are any
+instances on record of its being carried into effect in modern times,
+would require more knowledge than any individual can be expected to
+possess of local customs throughout the country to give a full answer
+to; but if all your legal correspondents would contribute their quotas
+of information on the subject, a very fair list might be made, which
+would not be uninteresting as illustrative of this peculiar custom. I do
+not know any work in which the places where the custom prevails are
+collected together. But I send you a short list of such manors and
+places as I know of and have been able to collect, in which the custom
+of Borough-English is the rule of descent, hoping that other
+correspondents will add to the list which I have only made a
+commencement of:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<ul>
+<li> <i>Manors and Places where the Custom of Borough-English prevails.</i></li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li class="i3"> Surrey.</li>
+<li class="i5">  The Manor of Lambeth </li>
+<li class="i7">  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kennington</li>
+<li class="i3">Kent.</li>
+<li class="i7">   &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hoo (qy.)</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p class="author">   Reve v. Maltster, Croke's <i>Reports, Trin.
+ Term</i>, 11&nbsp;Chas.&nbsp;I.</p>
+
+
+
+<ul>
+<li class="i3"> Middlesex.</li>
+<li class="i5">   The Manor of Tottenham</li>
+<li class="i7">   &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Edmonton </li>
+</ul>
+<p class="author">    <i>Termes de la Ley</i>, Kitchin, fo.&nbsp;102.</p>
+
+
+
+<ul>
+<li class="i3"> Middlesex.</li>
+<li class="i5">  The Manor of Turnham Green</li>
+</ul>
+<p class="author">      Forester's <i>Equity Reports</i>, 276.</p>
+
+
+
+<ul>
+<li class="i3"> Berks.</li>
+<li class="i5"> The Manor of Bray</li>
+</ul>
+<p class="author">   <i>Co. Litt.</i> Sec. 211.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>I am informed that the custom also prevails in some of the Duchy manors
+in Cornwall, but I cannot at present give you the names.</p>
+
+<p>I may be able to add to this list in a future communication, and I hope
+to see in your pages some considerable additions to this list from other
+correspondents.</p>
+
+<p>As to the continuance of the custom to modern times, nothing can alter
+it but an act of parliament; so that where the custom has prevailed, it
+is still the law of descent: and I have had under my notice a descent of
+copyhold property, in the manors of Lambeth and Kennington, to the
+youngest brother within the present century.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">  G. R. C.</p>
+
+
+<p>There is a farm of about a hundred acres in the parish of Sullescombe in
+Sussex, which is held by this tenure; but whether the adjoining land is
+so, I am not aware. In case of the owner dying intestate, the land would
+go to the younger son; but I am not aware of an instance of this having
+occurred.</p>
+
+<p class="right">    E. H. Y.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>PENDULUM DEMONSTRATION OF THE EARTH'S ROTATION.<br />
+(Vol. iv., pp. 129. 177.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>Your correspondent A. E. B. appears, by his suggestion regarding
+Foucault's theory, to have rendered confusion worse confounded, mystery
+more mysterious. He says:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "If the propounders of this theory had from the first explained,
+   that they do not claim for the plane of oscillation an exemption
+   from the general rotation of the earth, but only the difference
+   of rotation due to the excess of velocity with which one
+   extremity of the line of oscillation may be affected more than
+   the other, it would have saved a world of fruitless conjecture
+   and misunderstanding."</p>
+
+<p>This supposition makes an effect, which it is difficult to believe in,
+into one utterly impossible to conceive. It is hard enough to credit the
+theory, that the plane of oscillation of a pendulum is partially
+independent of the rotatory motion of the earth, but still not
+impossible, considering that the effect of the presumed cause is not
+inconsistent with the results of <i>� priori</i> calculation. For instance,
+during the swing of a two-seconds pendulum, the angular motion of the
+earth will have been 1', or thereabouts, which, supposing the
+oscillation to be independent, would produce an appreciable angle on an
+index circle placed concentric with the pendulum, and at right angles to
+its plane of oscillation.</p>
+
+<p>But as to A. E. B.'s theory, which supposes the variation of the
+pendulum's plane to be "due to the excess of velocity with which one
+extremity of the line of oscillation may be affected more than the
+other," it appears to me quite untenable for a moment. Let him reduce it
+to paper, and find what difference of velocity there is on the earth's
+surface at the two ends of a line of ten feet, the assumed length of the
+arc of a two-seconds pendulum,&mdash;a larger one, I presume, than that used
+by
+<a id="by236"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[236]</span>
+ Foucault in his cellar,&mdash;and I believe he will find it to be
+practically nothing.</p>
+
+<p>I confess I have had no faith in this theory from the first; the effect,
+if any and constant, I believe to be magnetic. The results of
+experiments have been stated from the first very loosely, and the theory
+itself has been put forth very indistinctly, and not supported by any
+name of eminence, except that of Professor Powell.</p>
+
+<p>In the meantime, and until some competent authority has pronounced on
+the point, I propose that such of your readers as are interested in the
+question make experiments for themselves, dividing them into four
+classes, viz., with the plane of oscillation E. and W., N. and S., N.E.
+and S.W., N.W. and S.E.; take the mean of a great many, and communicate
+them to the editor of "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>;" and I venture to say that
+such a collection will do more towards confirming or disproving the
+theory absolutely, than all the papers we have yet seen on the subject.</p>
+
+<p>I am myself about to make experiments with a twenty-five feet pendulum.</p>
+
+<p class="right">      H. C. K.</p>
+
+<p class="left">    &mdash;&mdash; Rectory, Hereford, Sept. 8. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span>LORD MAYOR NOT A PRIVY COUNCILLOR.<br />
+(Vol. iv., pp. 9. 137. 180.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>In p. 180. I find some observations respecting the rank of the Lord
+Mayor of London, which seem to require further elucidation. But I should
+not trouble you except for one passage, which leads me to think that the
+writer is under some little mistake. He seems to think that upon the
+occasion of a new king's accession, only Privy Councillors are summoned.
+This is not so. I remember upon the accession of George IV., that I
+received a summons, being then a member of the House of Commons and
+holding an official appointment; and some other private gentlemen were
+also summoned. I <i>think</i> that the summonses were issued from the Home
+Office, but of this I am not certain; nor do I know if the same practice
+has been adopted upon the subsequent accessions. I remember that we all
+met at Carlton House; that we all signed some document, recognising the
+new sovereign, which I apprehend to be the authority for the
+proclamation; but that the <i>Privy Councillors only</i> went in to the
+presence.</p>
+
+<p>I understand that the theory for summoning me and others was that some
+persons of various ranks and grades of society should concur in placing
+the new king upon the throne.</p>
+
+<p>All this is, however, mere speculation of my own. The <i>fact</i> of my
+summons is certain. As to the Lord Mayor being Right Honorable, why need
+we look for other authority than usage? Usage only gives the title of
+Right Honorable to a Privy Councillor being a Commoner. Usage only gives
+that title to a Peer. Excuse this gossip.</p>
+
+<p class="right">       D<span class="smcap lowercase">N</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>COLLARS OF SS.<br />
+(Vol. iv., p. 147.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>I have the pleasure to add to the early examples of the collar of SS.
+given by M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. E<span class="smcap lowercase">DWARD</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">OSS</span>, the names of some personages whose monuments
+are either represented or described in Blore's <i>Monumental Remains</i>,
+Dugdale's <i>History of St. Paul's</i>, Gough's <i>Sepulchral Monuments</i>, and
+Stothard's <i>Monumental Effigies</i>.</p>
+
+<p>1. On the effigy of Sir Simon Burley, engraved by Hollar for Dugdale, is
+a collar apparently marked, but very indistinctly, with SS. Sir Simon
+was a Knight of the Garter, Chamberlain to Richard II., and was beheaded
+in 1388.</p>
+
+<p>2 and 3. Sir Robert Waterton and his wife, in Methley church, Yorkshire.
+The collar was issued to this knight, when he was an esquire, out of the
+great wardrobe of Henry Earl of Derby, in the 20th year of Richard II.</p>
+
+<p>4. Sir William Ryther, in Harwood church, Yorkshire: he lived in the
+time of Richard II.</p>
+
+<p>5. John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, in the cathedral at Canterbury. He
+was Chamberlain of England, and Captain of Calais in the reign of Henry
+IV., and died in 1410.</p>
+
+<p>6. Thomas Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel, in Arundel church, Sussex; Chief
+Butler of England at the coronation of Henry IV., who with his queen was
+present at the earl's wedding in 1404; temporary Marshal of England in
+1405. Died in 1416, the 4th of Henry V.</p>
+
+<p>7 and 8. Sir Edmund de Thorpe and his wife, in Ashwell-Thorpe church,
+Norfolk. Two persons of this name, Mon' Esmond Thorp and Mon' Esmon de
+Thorp&#771;, were summoned to a great council held at Westminster in the
+2nd of Henry IV. It is considered that this Sir Edmund is the person
+called Lord Thorpe, who was slain in Normandy in 1418; that his wife is
+Joan, daughter of Sir Robert Norwood, and widow of Roger Lord Scales;
+and that she is the Lady Thorpe who died in 1415.</p>
+
+<p>9. Thomas Duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV., President of the
+Council, and Lieutenant General of the Forces. He died in 1421. Monument
+in Canterbury cathedral.</p>
+
+<p>10, 11, and 12. Ralph Nevill, Earl of Westmorland, and his two wives, in
+Staindrop church, co. Durham. He was created Earl of Westmorland by
+Richard II., made Earl Marshal of England by Henry IV., present at the
+battle of Agincourt with Henry V., and died in the 4th of Henry VI.,
+1425.
+<a id="of237"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[237]</span></p>
+
+<p>Margaret, his first wife, was the daughter of Hugh Earl of Stafford; and
+his second wife was Joan de Beaufort, only daughter of John of Ghent,
+Duke of Lancaster, by Catherine Swinford.</p>
+
+<p>13. John Fitz-Alan, Lord Maltravers and Earl of Arundel, in the church
+at Arundel, Sussex. He distinguished himself by the capture of many
+towns and fortresses in Normandy in the year of his death, 1434.</p>
+
+<p>14. William Phelip Lord Bardolf, in Dennington church, Suffolk.
+Treasurer of the household of Henry V., Knight of the Garter, and
+Chamberlain to Henry VI. Died in the 19th year of this reign, 1440.</p>
+
+<p>15 and 16. John Beaufort Duke of Somerset, and his wife, in Wimborne
+Minster, Dorset, Knight of the Garter, created Duke of Somerset and Earl
+of Kendal, and at the same time made Lieutenant and Captain-General of
+Aquitaine, France and Normandy. Died in 1444.</p>
+
+<p>17. Robert Lord Hungerford, who served in the wars in France and
+Guienne, and died in 1453. His effigy is drawn by Stothard (<i>Mon. Eff.</i>
+p. 98.).</p>
+
+<p>18. Sir John Nevill, in Harwood church, Yorkshire. Died 22nd Edward IV.,
+1482.</p>
+
+<p>I presume that M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. E<span class="smcap lowercase">DWARD</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">OSS</span> would refer to the curious passage in the
+printed <i>Rolls of Parliament</i>, vol. iii. p. 313., wherein it appears
+that Richard II., in the 20th year of his reign, formally declared that
+he <i>assumed</i>, bore, and used, and that by his leave and wish persons of
+his retinue also bore and used, the livery of the collar of his uncle,
+the Duke of Lancaster.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. John Gough Nichols, in the <i>Gent. Mag.</i> for 1842, quotes the
+principal part of this passage, and produces some interesting evidence
+in favour of the view that the livery of the collar of the Duke of
+Lancaster was the collar of SS.</p>
+
+<p class="right">        L<span class="smcap lowercase">LEWELLYN</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>WRITTEN SERMONS.<br />
+(Vol. iii., pp. 478. 526.; Vol. iv., pp. 8. 41.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>The statement that the reading of sermons did not prevail in the early
+ages of Christianity not having been called in question, although
+irreconcileable with the practice of the Fathers, as ascertained from
+their own writings, I am induced to observe that in <i>Ferrarius de Ritu
+Sac. Concionum</i>, evidence is adduced that extemporaneous preaching was
+occasionally superseded by more elaborate and written discourses,
+sometimes committed to memory, sometimes recited, that is, read.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "Narrat Gregorius (Hom. 21. ex Libro Quadraginta Homiliarum)
+   solemne ibi fuisse dum Concionem haberet, per Dictatum loqui;
+   additque, Ob languentem stomachum jam <i>legere</i> se non posse qu�
+   dictaverat; ac proinde velle se Evangelic� Lectionis
+   explanationem non amplius per Dictatum, sed per familiares
+   collocutiones pronunciare. Per Dictatum autem loqui nihil aliud
+   fuit Gregorio quam de scripto dicere ex eo perspicuum fit, quod
+   verbo Dictare pro Scribere passim usi sunt Veteres Auctores,
+   Sidonius Epistola septima Libri primi, undecima quarti, ultima
+   septimi, sexta octavi, tertia noni; Aldhelmus <i>de Laudibus
+   Virginitatis</i>, cap. vii., Gregorius Magnus, lib. x.
+   <i>Epistolarum</i>, Ep. xxii. "ad Joannem Ravenn� Subdiaconum," et
+   "Epistola ad Leonardum;" qu� pr�mittitur Expositioni in Job, et
+   alii: usu nimirum ex prisco more petito quo Auctores olim, ut est
+   apud Plinium in Epistolis non uno loco, Notariis dictare
+   consueverant. Vox pr�terea Legere qua usus est Gregorius hoc
+   ipsum aperte confirmat; ea enim dumtaxat legere possumus qua�
+   scripta sunt et ante oculos posita."&mdash;Ferrarius, <i>ut supr�</i>, lib
+   ii. 15.</p>
+
+<p>Fabricius, in his <i>Bibliothecaria Antiquaria</i> (cap. xi., De Concionibus
+Christianorum), thus refers to this passage:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "Conciones plerasque dictas ex memoria, quasdam etiam de scripto
+   recitatas, observatum Ferrario, lib. ii. cap. 15."</p>
+
+<p>It may therefore be inferred that he knew of no other testimony equally
+pertinent, but surely we may surmise that other fathers, <i>e.g.</i> Gregory
+Nazianzen (who, in the words of Bellarmine, "sapientiam mirific� cum
+eloquentia copulavit") occasionally were unable to commit to memory the
+numerous discussions which they had so diligently prepared.</p>
+
+<p>I have been requested by the Rev. Richard Bingham, Jun., to state that
+he has in his possession autograph sermons by his illustrious ancestor,
+in some of which are notes only or heads of subjects, and which are
+therefore unfavourable to the suspicion expressed (p. 42.), that the
+author of the <i>Antiquities of the Christian Church</i> was prejudiced
+against extempore preaching.</p>
+
+<p class="right">     B<span class="smcap lowercase">IBLIOTHECARIUS</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">HETHAMENSIS</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Replies to Minor Queries.</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span><i>The Authoress of "A Residence on the Shores of the Baltic"</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 113.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;As in a publication such as "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" the most
+precise correctness, even in matters of secondary importance, is, above
+all things, to be desiderated, I am sure J. R. will be glad to be
+corrected in a statement made by him, in the concluding sentence of his
+interesting communication, "Traditions from remote Periods through few
+Hands," concerning the above accomplished lady. This elegant writer was
+not "one of <i>four</i> congenital children," though it is quite true that
+such a birth occurred in her family. The following account of so unusual
+an occurrence is taken from Matchett's <i>Norfolk and Norwich Remembrancer
+and Vade Mecum</i>, a work compiled principally from the columns of <i>The
+Norfolk Chronicle</i>, of which Mr. Matchett was for many year a
+co-proprietor and assistant editor:&mdash;
+<a id="editor238"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[238]</span></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "August 15, 1817. At Dr. R.'s house, at Framingham (a small
+   village four miles from Norwich), Mrs. R., who in 1804 had first
+   brought him twins, was safely delivered of four living children,
+   three sons and a daughter, who were privately baptized by the
+   names of Primus John, Secundus Charles Henry, Tertius Robert
+   Palgrave, and Quarta Caroline. They were weighed with their
+   shirts on by Dr. Hamel, physician to the Grand Duke Nicholas of
+   Russia, who paid Dr. R. a visit a few days after the quadruple
+   birth, and were found to be 21 lbs. 2 oz. One lived eighteen
+   days; the other three from eight to ten weeks. Dr. R. being a
+   grandfather at the time, the children were born great-uncles and
+   a great-aunt."</p>
+
+<p>They are buried in Framingham Earl churchyard, where is a table monument
+over their remains, setting forth the above particulars in full, with
+the respective periods of their deaths.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. R. was Mayor of Norwich in 1805, and, as J. R. states, an eminent
+physician of that city. He was the author of <i>An Essay on Animal Heat</i>,
+<i>On the Agriculture of Framingham and Holkham</i>, and of other works on
+Midwifery, Medicine, and Agriculture. He died Oct. 27, 1821, aged
+seventy-three years.</p>
+
+<p class="right">      C<span class="smcap lowercase">OWGILL</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Winifreda</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 27.; Vol. iv., p. 196.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Notwithstanding the
+MS. note referred to by D<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. R<span class="smcap lowercase">IMBAULT</span> in a recent number, I cannot think
+that G. A. Stevens was the author of "Winifreda," as he had barely
+attained his sixteenth year when that song was first printed in 1726.
+Neither is it easy to imagine that the commonplace lines quoted in
+Reed's <i>Biographia Dramatica</i>, vol. i. p. 687., from Stevens's poem
+called "Religion, or the Libertine Repentant," and "Winifreda," could
+have been the production of the same person. We learn also from Reed,
+that, owing to a pirated edition of Stevens's songs being published at
+Whitehaven, he in 1772 printed a genuine collection of them at Oxford.
+This book I never met with. Should it contain Winifreda, I shall be
+satisfied: if not, we may still say of the mysterious author, "Non est
+inventus."</p>
+
+<p class="right">      B<span class="smcap lowercase">RAYBROOKE</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Querelle d'Alleman</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii, p. 495.),</span></h4>
+
+<p>not <i>d'Allemand</i>, as your
+correspondent M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span> has written it; this saying deriving its origin
+from the <i>Allemans</i>, a powerful family of the Dauphin�, in the
+thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and having no reference whatever to
+the national character of the Germans, as will appear by the following
+extract from the <i>Revue Historique de la Noblesse, voce</i> A<span class="smcap lowercase">LLEMAN</span>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "Durant le 13<span class="topnum">e</span> et le 14<span class="topnum">e</span> si�cle, la r�gion montagneuse qui
+   s'�l�ve entre le Drac et l'Is�re �tait presque en totalit� le
+   domaine d'une immense famille de seigneurs qui portaient tous le
+   nom <i>d'Alleman</i>.... Jamais souche f�odale ne produisit plus de
+   rameaux, et nulle part les membres d'une m�me famille ne se
+   group�rent autour de leurs chefs avec un soin plus jaloux.... Ils
+   se mariaient entre eux, jugeaient entre eux leurs diff�rends, et
+   en toute circonstance se pretaient les uns aux autres un
+   infaillible appui. Malheur � l'imprudent voisin qui e�t troubl�
+   dans son h�ritage ou dans son honneur le plus humble des
+   <i>Alleman</i>. Sur la plainte de l'offens�, un conseil de famille
+   �tait r�uni, la guerre vot�e par acclamations, et l'on voyait
+   bient�t d�boucher dans la plaine de Grenoble les bandes arm�es
+   qui guidaient au ch�timent de l'agresseur les banni�res d'Uriage
+   et de Valbonnais."</p>
+
+<p>Hence, from the ardour with which this family avenged the smallest
+injury, came the saying, "<i>Faire une querelle d'Alleman</i>;" to which
+Oudin, in his <i>Curiosit�s Fran�oises</i>, gives the following
+interpretation:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "<i>Querelle d'Alleman</i>, fond�e sur peu de sujet et facile �
+   appaiser."</p>
+
+<p>Having reference to the same family was also the proverb, known in the
+Dauphin�, "<i>Gare la queue des Alleman</i>," applied to those entering upon
+some difficult enterprise; in other words, "mind the consequences."</p>
+
+<p>In Le Roux de Lincy's <i>Livres des Proverbes Fran�ais</i>, vol. ii. p. 15.,
+I find the following:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <p>"Arces, Varces, Granges et Comiers,</p>
+    <p>Tel les regarde qui ni les ose ferier,</p>
+  <p>  Mais gare la queue d'Alleman et des Brangiers."</p>
+</div>
+
+ <p class="right">        P<span class="smcap lowercase">HILIP</span> S. K<span class="smcap lowercase">ING</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Coins of Constantius II.</i></span> <span>(Vol. ii., pp. 42. 254.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Not being exactly
+satisfied with my former reply to M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. W<span class="smcap lowercase">ITTON</span> on this subject, I have
+made further search on the subject in numismatic works, and I would
+refer him to the following note in Banduri, vol. ii. p. 418.:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "Galli numismata Antiquarii olim cum nummis Constantii Augusti
+   confundebant; sed Erud. Harduinus numismata omnia Constantii
+   C�saris (Galli) in quibus <span class="smcap lowercase">FEL. TEMP. REPARATIO.</span> item ea in quibus
+   <span class="smcap lowercase">CONSTANTIVS. IVN.</span> appellatur, aut <span class="smcap lowercase">FL. CL. CONSTANTIVS</span>, ad Gallum
+   nostrum pertinere ostendit; in quibus omnibus cum eadem effigies
+   expressa sit a Constantii Augusti effigie plurimum diversa, et
+   caput nudum semper sit; omnia numismata in quibus et caput nudum,
+   et idem qui in c�teris vultus conspicitur, ad eundem Gallum
+   retulimus, tametsi eorum numismatum nonnulla <span class="smcap lowercase">FL. IVL</span>. Constantium
+   appellant. Haud dissimulandum tamen descripta ab Occone fuisse
+   numismata duo Constantii Augusti, in quibus <span class="smcap lowercase">FL. CL.</span> Constantius
+   nominatur, qu� inter numismata illius Principis ex �re incerti
+   moduli exhibuimus supr�. C�terum hujus Principis nummi omnes ex
+   argento rari sunt, et desiderantur in Mediobarbo, excepto hoc,
+   quem perperam (licet ex Tristano) inter �reos recenset laudatus
+   Mediobarbus, et duobus sequentibus."</p>
+
+<p>On the whole, therefore, I conclude, that we may more safely assign to
+Gallus the <i>bare</i> head; the legends "<span class="smcap lowercase">CONSTANTIVS IVN</span>." and
+ "<span class="smcap lowercase">FL. CL. CONSTANTIVS</span>," and the <i>diademed</i> head, and the legends,
+ "<span class="smcap lowercase">FL. IVL. CONSTANTIVS</span>," and "<span class="smcap lowercase">CONSTANTIVS AVG</span>.," to Constantius II. Those with
+ "<span class="smcap lowercase">FL. VAL.</span>
+<a id="val239"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[239]</span>
+ <span class="smcap lowercase">CONSTANTIVS</span>" would seem more properly to belong to
+Constantius Chlorus. I may add, that all those coins of Constantius
+which bear an <span class="smcap lowercase">A</span> behind the portrait, certainly belong to Gallus.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">   E. S. T<span class="smcap lowercase">AYLOR</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Proverb; what constitutes one?</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 191.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;There can be no
+doubt that, according to modern usage, any short sentence which is
+commonly used, whether by way of enunciating a principle, foretelling a
+consequence, describing a situation, or recommending a course of action,
+&amp;c., is a proverb. Brevity is an essential: that is, we apply the term
+<i>proverb</i> to nothing but apophthegms. In truth, nothing but what is said
+in few words can be frequently said by all. Accordingly a proverb, in
+the nineteenth century, is a commonly known and frequently cited
+apophthegm. But it was not always so. The <i>proverb</i> was only <i>one</i> of a
+class which we may cite under the name of <i>adage</i>, because the various
+folio collections of them generally have this word in the title, as
+descriptive of all. These works contain proverbs properly so called,
+sentences (<i>sententi�</i>, pieces of <i>sententiousness</i>), parables,
+apologues, aphorisms, witticisms, apophthegms, &amp;c. &amp;c., many of the
+instances having a right to two or more of these names. According to
+Erasmus, all the definitions which he had met with of the <i>par&oelig;mia</i>
+or <i>proverb</i> might be contained under one or other of the following:&mdash;</p>
+
+ <p class="blockquot">"Proverbium est sermo ad vit� rationem conducibilis, moderata
+   quadam obscuritate multam in sese continens utilitatem."</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "Proverbium est sermo, rem manifestam obscuritate tegens."</p>
+
+<p>The old proverb then has a soul of utility, and a body of obscurity: the
+modern one has a soul of brevity, and a body of notoriety. This
+distinction will be held obscure enough for an old proverb, but not
+brief enough for a new one.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">   M.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 152.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Your learned correspondent
+M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY</span> is right in his conjecture that this celebrated
+controversialist was of a family settled at Mayroyd in the parish of
+Halifax in Yorkshire. According to a pedigree certified in 1624 by Sir
+William Segar, Garter, he was the second son of John Sutcliffe of
+Melroyd, in the county of York, gent., by his wife Margaret, daughter of
+&mdash;-- Owlsworth of Ashley in the same county. The Doctor married Ann,
+daughter of John Bradley of Louth, co. Lincoln, Esq., and had issue an
+only daughter Ann, the wife of Mr. Halls or Halse, of the county of
+Devon. The Doctor had four brothers, viz. Adam, Solomon, Luke, and John.
+Adam, the eldest, lived at Grimsby, co. Lincoln, and had an only
+daughter, Judith. Solomon was of Melroyd and of Grimsby; he married
+Elizabeth, daughter of John Bradley of Louth, Esq., by Frances his wife,
+daughter of &mdash;&mdash; Fairfax of Denton, co. York, and had issue four
+daughters, and also one son, viz. John Sutcliffe, one of the esquires of
+the body to King James. His wife was Alice, daughter of Luke Woodhouse
+of Kimberley, co. Norfolk, Esq., and he had issue one daughter, Susan.
+Segar granted arms to this gentleman in 1624. Of the other brothers of
+the Dean, Luke died unmarried, and John married a daughter of Jo. Kirton
+of Lincolnshire.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">  F. R. R.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">  Milnrow Parsonage.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Pope's Translations, or Imitations of Horace</i></span>
+<span>(Vol. i., p. 230.; Vol. iv., pp. 58. 122. 139.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Having every wish to accede to the request of
+your correspondent C., I have made a search, but am unable to lay my
+hand at present on the publication by Curll. There can be no doubt that
+I shall ultimately meet with it; and when I do, it will be quite at his
+service. Having compared it not very long ago with the folio edition by
+Boreman of this Imitation, which I suppose was the first in its complete
+state, I can be under no mistake as to the existence of the prior
+publication. It occurs in a thin 8vo. published by Curll in 1716,
+containing poetical miscellanies, which in my copy are bound up with
+other tracts. It is headed "By Mr. P&mdash;&mdash;e," and contains only a portion
+of that subsequently printed. Curll afterwards reprinted the Imitation,
+as published by Boreman, in one of the volumes, I think the third of the
+collection, which he styles "Letters of Mr. Pope."</p>
+
+<p>That the Imitation is by Pope, though I am not aware of any express
+acknowledgment of it by him, there can be no doubt, and as little that
+it found its way to the press, as published by Boreman, with his
+privity. Curll even says, if any weight be due to the assertions of such
+a miscreant, that Pope received a sum of money for it from Boreman. But
+I do not consider that Pope can be deemed to have affiliated it by its
+publication in Dodsley's edition in 1738; which is, as far as I have
+always understood, a mere bookseller's collection. The only collection
+of his works which can be called his own, and for which he is fairly
+responsible, is that in 2 vols., folio and 4to., 1717-35, to each volume
+of which a preface or notice by him is prefixed; and in the latter of
+these volumes, though previously published, he has not included this
+Imitation, which seems to indicate that he did not feel disposed to
+acknowledge it publicly, and indeed he had good reason to be ashamed of
+it.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> J<span class="smcap lowercase">AS</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>M. Lominus, Theologus</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 193.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The exact title of the
+work inquired for is, <i>Blackloan� H�resis, olim in Pelagio et Manich�is
+damnat�, nunc denuo renascentis, Historia et Confutatio</i>. This 4to.
+volume consists of 332 pages, exclusive of the dedicatory epistle and
+the appendix; and a "printed account" of the author may be<a id="be240"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[240]</span>
+ seen
+in Sir James Ware's <i>Writers of Ireland</i> (ed. Harris, pp. 191-3), and in
+Dodd's <i>Church History of England</i>, vol. iii. pp. 284-5.: Brussels,
+1742. It is to be hoped that in the Bodleian Catalogue something further
+has been stated respecting this curious and very rare book than that it
+was written by "M. Lominus, Theologus," who was merely an imaginary
+divine. The real author was the famous P<span class="smcap lowercase">ETER</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">ALBOT</span>, brother of "Lying
+Dick Talbot" (the Duke of Tyrconnel and Viceroy of Ireland), almoner to
+Catharine, queen of Charles II., and titular Archbishop of Dublin.</p>
+
+ <p class="right"> R. G.</p>
+
+<p>The work referred to, entitled <i>Blackloan� H�resis, olim in Pelagio et
+Manich�is damnat�, nunc denuo renascentis, Historia et Confutatio</i>,
+Gand. 1675, 4to., I have a copy of. It is written against the
+Blackloists, the leaders of whom were Thomas White, the follower of Sir
+Kenelm Digby, and John Sargeant, the voluminous Roman Catholic writer.
+The real author of the book was Peter Talbot, the brother of Richard
+Talbot, Duke of Tyrconnel. He also published the <i>History of Manicheism
+and Pelagianism, in which it is shown that Thomas White and his
+Adherents have revived those Heresies</i>: Paris, 1674, 8vo.</p>
+
+   <p class="right"> J<span class="smcap lowercase">AS</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Corpse passing makes a Right of Way</i></span>
+<span> (Vol. iii., pp. 477. 507. 519.; Vol. iv., p. 124.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;This belief is common in East Anglia, and such
+paths are called <i>Bierways</i>. When the common lands at Alby in Norfolk
+were enclosed, much difficulty was experienced in stopping one road, on
+account of its being an ancient bierway. In Norwich the passage through
+a part of the city called the Bull Close, is accounted public for this
+reason; and a very few years since a gentleman at Whittlesey, in
+Cambridgeshire, prevented a funeral from taking a shorter road through
+his grounds, through fear of its being afterwards esteemed a public
+thoroughfare.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">  E. S. T<span class="smcap lowercase">AYLOR</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Horology</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 175.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;H. C. K. will probably find all he
+requires in the <i>Penny Cyclop�dia</i> (Articles "Horology" and "Pendulum"),
+or in a two-shilling volume published by Weale last year, Denison <i>on
+Clocks, Chimes, &amp;c.</i>, or in the other works enumerated below:&mdash;Ellicott
+<i>on regulating Clocks</i>, 4to., 1753; Vulliamy's <i>Considerations on Public
+Clocks</i>, 4to., 1828; Derham's <i>Artificial Clock Maker</i>, 12mo., 1734;
+Berthoudi's <i>Essai sur l'Horlogerie</i>, 4to., 2 vols. 1763.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">    H. T. E.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">     Clyst St. George.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Curfew</i></span> <span>(Vol. ii., p. 103.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In Charleston, the capital of the state
+of South Carolina, a bell is tolled twice every evening, at eight and
+ten o'clock in summer, and at seven and nine in winter: this custom
+dates from early times. At the ringing of the <i>second</i> bell the watch
+for the night is set, and our servants are prohibited from being abroad
+after that hour without a permit from their masters; the first bell
+subserves no purpose, and is merely rung in conformity to ancient usage.
+I am inclined to think that our ancestors had this bell rung in order to
+keep up the old custom of the curfew bell of their cherished
+mother-country. It is still a custom when "the first bell rings" for the
+younger children of the family to say "Good night," and retire to bed.
+This is the only practical use to which this early ringing is put, and a
+capital custom it is, though rather distasteful to the young folks when
+they are anxious to sit up a little longer.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">    H. H. B.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">   Monte Cavallo, South Carolina.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span>"<i>Going the whole Hog</i>"</span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 250.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;A querist asks
+information as to the origin of the American figure of speech "to go the
+whole hog." I apprehend its parentage belongs less to America than to
+Ireland, where a "hog" is still the synonym for a shilling, and a
+"tester" or "taster" for a sixpence. Previously to the assimilation of
+the currency of the two countries in 1825, a "white hog" meant the
+English shilling or twelve pence, and a "black hog" the Irish shilling,
+of thirteen pence. To "go the whole hog" is a convivial determination
+<i>to spend the whole shilling</i>, and the prevalence of the expression,
+with an extension of its applications in America, can be readily traced
+to its importation by the multitudes of emigrants from Ireland.</p>
+
+<p class="right">  M. R***<span class="smcap lowercase">SON</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="left">  Belfast.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>John Bodley</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 59.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;"&mdash;&mdash; Burleigh, M.A." who is
+mentioned by S. S. S. as one of the translators of the Bible in 1611,
+must have been a different person to John Bodley, the father of the
+celebrated Sir Thomas Bodley. In the very interesting "History of
+English Translations and Translators" prefixed to Bagster's <i>English
+Hexapla</i>, "Mr. Burgley of Stretford" is mentioned as one, with this
+note:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>   "In the Lambeth MS. it is 'Mr. Henry Burleigh.' It is added, one
+   of that name was B.D. in 1594, and D.D. in 1607."&mdash;P. 104.</p>
+
+<p>Townley, however, in his <i>Illustrations of Biblical Literature</i>, 1821,
+vol. iii. p. 293, supposes him to have been the Francis Burleigh, D.D.,
+who, according to Newcourt, became vicar of Stortford, or Bishop
+Stortford, in 1590. See <i>Repertorium</i>, vol. i. p. 896.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">     J<span class="smcap lowercase">OHN</span> I. D<span class="smcap lowercase">REDGE</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Among my matches in and about London (which I shall always be glad to
+search for your correspondents) is the following:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "23 July 1608, <i>John Bodleigh</i>, Aldgate, printer B. 34, free of
+   the stationers and a freeman; and <i>Elizabeth Hemp</i> of Paul's
+   Wharf, Sp. 30. St. Brides."</p>
+
+ <p class="right">    J. S. B.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Ancient Egypt, Language of</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 152.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In Adelung's
+<i>Mithridates</i> the titles of the best
+<a id="best241"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[241]</span>
+ works explanatory of this
+language will be found. To these must be added those of Dr. Thomas Young
+and Champollian Junior. There are some recent German works on the
+subject; your correspondent will, however, be very little benefited
+after mastering all the writers, for they have really but little to
+tell. The method to be pursued with a feasible prospect of success is,
+to acquire the Coptic-Egyptian language from the New Testament and De
+Woide, with the special object of mastering the roots, about 200 in
+number, of that language. Next, some knowledge of the Chinese language
+should be obtained, so far at least as is necessary to comprehend the
+<i>hieroglyphic principle</i>, whereby 214 letter-keys are made to do duty in
+representing 5000, or more, distinct ideas. The next matter, which
+admits of a very simple explanation, is to ascertain how the Chinese
+<i>dissevers</i> the <i>idea</i> of a character (hieroglyphic) from its <i>sound</i>,
+and makes his ideas (hieroglyphic characters) stand for syllables alone,
+by prefixing the character <i>more</i> (mouth) to indicate that the
+characters next following are to be read as <i>sounds</i> and not as <i>ideas</i>.
+In the Egyptian hieroglyphic such characters (representing the names of
+places and persons) are inclosed in a sort of lozenge or parallelogram.
+Having found out certain <i>sounds</i> in the Egyptian hieroglyphic, <i>e. g.</i>
+<i>Cle-o-pa-tra</i>, turn to the <i>Coptic Lexicon</i> and ascertain what <i>idea</i>
+(thing) <i>cle</i> represents in Coptic, and so on with <i>o</i>, with <i>pa</i>, &amp;c.,
+and all other with syllable sounds. Here Champollian Junior stuck fast,
+and little has been done since his day in the way of <i>translation</i>; and
+the reason is evident&mdash;the separate characters representing sounds found
+in these lozenges are too few in number to give any hope that the
+Egyptian hieroglyphics will ever be rendered generally intelligible;
+their object, however, has been far more effectually secured by the
+paintings and representations of objects and actions, which supply an
+infinitely better means of knowing what was interesting in Egypt than
+mere words, sounds, or ideas (hieroglyphics) could convey.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">        J. B<span class="smcap lowercase">UCKTON</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">     Lichfield.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>The late William Hone</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 477., Vol. iv., pp. 105, 106.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;If E. V. will take the trouble to apply to the Rev. Thomas
+Binney, of the Weigh House Chapel, London, he will be in the way of
+receiving the most authentic information concerning the happy
+conversion, and triumphant death, of William Hone, who adorned the
+doctrine of God his Saviour for some years previous to his decease in
+communion with a congregation of Protestant Dissenters.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">  O. T. D.</p>
+
+<p>The interesting letter of the late William Hone, published in Vol. iv.,
+pp. 105, 106., scarcely throws any discredit upon an anecdote I often
+have heard as to the means of his <i>first awakening</i> to a better mind,
+somewhat as follows:&mdash;that, asking a drink of milk of a little child,
+and observing a book in her hand, he inquired what it was? She answered,
+"A Bible:" and, in reply to some depreciatory remarks of his, added, "I
+thought everybody loved their Bible, Sir." I hope that this may not be
+contradicted, but confirmed.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">  C. W. B.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Bensley</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 115.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The "Bensley tragedy" was no doubt the
+sudden death, in April or May, 1765, by a fall from his horse, of <i>James
+Bensley</i>, Esq., of Lincoln's Inn; probably an early acquaintance of Hill
+and Cowper. The melancholy death of another friend of theirs, poor Lloyd
+(which Southey also calls a <i>tragedy</i>), had happened three or four
+months earlier.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">     C.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>John Lilburne</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 134.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The name of John Lilburne occurs
+in Cleveland's <i>Poems</i> more than once, <i>e. g.</i> "The General Eclipse:"&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+   <p>"Thus 'tis a general eclipse,</p>
+   <p>And the whole world is <i>al-a-mort</i>;</p>
+   <p>Only the House of Commons trips</p>
+   <p>The stage in a Triumphant sort,</p>
+   <p>Now e'en <i>John Lilburn</i> take 'em for't."</p>
+
+   <p class="author"><i>Works</i>, p. 57. Lond. 1687.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>And again, "On the Inundation of the River Trent," p. 294.:</p>
+
+<p>  "One herd and flock in one kind hill found mercy,</p>
+
+<p>  Like <i>Lilburn</i> (and his wool) in the Isle of <i>Jersey</i>."</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">    R<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="left"> Warmington.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>School of the Heart</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 390. Vol. iv., p. 141.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Is your
+correspondent aware of Benedict Haeften's <i>Schola Cordis</i>, from which
+Harvey's <i>School of the Heart</i> was imitated? It was published at Antwerp
+in 1635. The copy I now have before me is dated 1699, but I will give
+its full title:</p>
+
+<p>   "Schola Cordis, sive aversi a Deo Cordis ad eumdem reductio, et
+   instructio. Auctore Benedicto Haefteno, Reformati Monast.
+   Affligeminsis, Ordinis S. Benedicti, pr�posito. Antverpi�, apud
+   Henricum et Cornelium Verdurrin, <span class="smcap lowercase">MDCXCIX</span>."</p>
+
+<p>P. S. The <i>emblems</i> are fifty-five in number.</p>
+
+   <p class="right">  R<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="left">  Warmington.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Sir W. Raleigh in Virginia</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 190.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;That Mr. Hallam
+should have forgotten to correct an incidental allusion is natural
+enough; and that Raleigh in person discovered Virginia <i>was</i> commonly
+believed. Sir Walter Scott, for instance, believed it, as appears by a
+passage at the end of <i>Kenilworth</i>. But the very title-page of Hariot's
+account of the discovery of Virginia (whether in the English of 1588, or
+the Frankfort Latin of 1590), negatives the idea of Raleigh assisting in
+person. And the <i>Biographia Britannica</i>, or, I believe, any similar work
+of authority, will
+<a id="will242"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[242]</span>
+ show that no biographer of note has affirmed
+it. It was an expedition <i>fitted out</i> by Raleigh which discovered
+Virginia.</p>
+
+   <p class="right"> M.</p>
+
+<p>It appears by the <i>Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia</i>, by
+Strachey, so ably edited by Mr. Major for the Hakluyt Society, that Sir
+Walter Raleigh sent out his first expedition to Virginia in 1584, under
+Captain Amadas; in 1585 a fleet under Sir R. Grenville, which he
+intended to have commanded in person, but jealousy at court prevented
+him. In 1587 a second fleet was sent to Roanoak under Captain White, in
+1590 supplies by Captain White, and in 1602 he sent Samuel Mace. Neither
+Oldys nor Cayley mention his having gone there; and as they carry on the
+events of his life pretty clearly year by year, I think, in reply to the
+Query of M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span>, that there is pretty good evidence to show that he
+never was there.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">  E. N. W.</p>
+
+  <p class="left"> Southwark.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Siege of Londonderry</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 162.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can B. G. give any
+information respecting the list of persons who received grants of land
+in the county of Londonderry after the conclusion of the war in 1691?
+Also, whether he knows of an old ballad (cotemporary I believe) called
+"The Battle of the Boyne?" I have an old history of the siege of Derry,
+by Mr. George Walker, 1689. I should be glad to know what the pamphlet
+contains, and whether the family of Downing are mentioned in it.</p>
+
+   <p class="right">  A. C. L.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Cowper Law</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 101.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;For the satisfaction of your
+correspondent C. D<span class="smcap lowercase">E</span> D., I transcribe from Jamieson's <i>Dictionary</i> the
+following:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "C<span class="smcap lowercase">OWPER</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">USTICE</span>, trying a man after execution: the same with
+   <i>Jeddart</i>, or <i>Jedburgh justice</i><a id="justice17"></a><a title="Go to footnote 17." href="#fn17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a> [See JEDDART JUSTICE.]</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <p> 'Yet let the present swearing trustees</p>
+     <p> Know they give conscience <i>Cowper Justice</i>,</p>
+     <p> And by subscribing it in gross,</p>
+     <p> Renounces every solid gloss.&mdash;</p>
+    <p>  And if my judgement be not scant,</p>
+     <p> Some lybel will be relevant,</p>
+    <p>  And all the process firm and fast,</p>
+    <p>  To give the counsel <i>Jedburgh cast</i>.'</p>
+
+    <p class="author">  Cleland's <i>Poems</i>, pp. 109, 110.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "This phrase is said to have had its rise from the conduct of a
+   Baron-bailie in <i>Coupar</i>-Angus, before the abolition of heritable
+   jurisdictions."/</p>
+
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn17"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#justice17" class="label">[17]</a> Also "<i>Jedwood</i> Justice." See Scott's <i>Fair Maid of
+Perth</i>, vol. xliii. p. 304.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">    C<span class="smcap lowercase">HARLES</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HIRIOLD</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left"> Cambridge, Sept. 8. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Decretorum Doctor</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 191.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The precise meaning of this
+term is Doctor of the Canon Law. A doctor of laws was a doctor of <i>both
+the laws</i> (that is, the Civil Law <i>and</i> the Canon Law). The University
+of Cambridge was forbidden to grant degrees in Canon Law in 1535; and
+soon afterwards these degrees were discontinued in Oxford, in
+consequence of the repudiation of the Papal authority, although three or
+more persons took the degree of Bachelor of Decrees there in the reign
+of Queen Mary. Further details respecting the Canon Law, and the
+graduates in that faculty, will be found in Fuller's <i>History of the
+University of Cambridge</i>, ed. Priskett and Wright, pp. 220. 225.; Wood's
+<i>History and Antiq. of the University of Oxford</i>, ed. Gutch, vol. i. pp.
+63. 359.; vol. ii. pp. 67. 79. 768, 769, 770. 902.; Hallam's <i>Middle
+Ages</i>, 9th ed. vol. ii. p. 2.; <i>Peacock on Statutes of the University of
+Cambridge</i>, Appendix A. xlix. n. 1.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">   C. H. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OOPER</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="left">Cambridge, Sept. 13. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Nightingale and Thorn</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 175.), by A. W. H.:&mdash;</span></h4>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+ <p>"Every thing did banish moan,</p>
+     <p> Save the nightingale alone:</p>
+      <p>She, poor bird, as all forlorn,</p>
+     <p> Leaned her breast up-till a thorn,</p>
+     <p> And there sung the dolefull'st ditty,</p>
+     <p> That to hear it was great pity."</p>
+
+     <p class="author"> Shakspeare: <i>Passionate Pilgrim</i>, xix.</p>
+</div>
+
+  <p class="right">   W. J. B<span class="smcap lowercase">ERNHARD</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">MITH</span>.</p>
+
+  <p class="left"> Temple.</p>
+
+<p>The earliest allusion to this fable, that I know of, occurs in the
+<i>Passionate Pilgrim</i>, Sect. xix.</p>
+
+<p>Ovid, in his version of the fable of Tereus, does not introduce the
+thorn; so probably the allusion is not classical.</p>
+
+<p>Apollodorus also gives this myth, but I have him not to refer to.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">  H. E. H.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Carli the Economist</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 175.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;A<span class="smcap lowercase">LPHA</span> will find in a very
+excellent work, entitled <i>Storia della Economia Pubblica in Italia, &amp;c.,
+di Giuseppe Pecchio</i>, Lugano, 1829, 8vo., the information he requires
+regarding the first work on political economy, by an Italian writer, who
+seems to have been Gasparo Scaruffi; and also learn that Gian Rinaldo
+Carli died in 1795.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">  F. R. A.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Tale of a Tub</i></span> <span>(Vol. i., p. 326.; Vol. iii., p. 28.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;It is no wonder
+that Henry VIII.'s chancellor Sir Thomas More should have heard of an
+extraordinary tale about a tub, since its earliest form&mdash;the model of so
+many copies&mdash;is in Apuleius, at the beginning of the 9th book. It forms
+likewise the argument of the second novel of Boccacio's <i>Seventh Day,
+ove</i> "Peronella mette un suo amante in un doglio." Girolamo Morlino told
+the same objectionable story in Latin; and Agnolo Firenzuola, the
+Italian translator of Apuleius, seems to have adopted the witty
+Florentine's imagery, forgetting the original which he professed to
+follow. See Manni, <i>Istoria del Decamerone</i>, Firenze, 1742,
+<a id="del243"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[243]</span>
+pp. 466. 472. "Tale of a tub," like Conte de peau d'�ne, Conte de la
+Cigogne, Conte de la M�re Oie, denotes a marvellous or cock and bull
+story&mdash;Conte gras, Conte pour rire. There is no doubt that Jean-Jaques'
+miniature French opera, <i>Le Tonnelier</i>, was founded, though through
+certain strainers well refined, on the wicked Milesian fiction of the
+African jester:</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">
+
+ <p> "Un tonnelier vieux et jaloux</p>
+      <p class="i3">  Aimait une jeune berg�re:</p>
+      <p>Il voulait �tre son �poux,</p>
+       <p class="i3"> Mais il n'avait pas su lui plaire:</p>
+        <p class="i5">  Travaillez, travaillez, bon tonnelier!</p>
+          <p class="i5">Raccommodez votre cuvier!"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p class="right">   G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">�TIVIER</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Wyle Cop</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 116.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;May not Wyle Cop be derived from the
+Anglo-Saxon <i>wylle</i>, well or fountain, and <i>cop</i>, head or top? S<span class="smcap lowercase">ALOPIAN</span>
+can perhaps judge whether "<i>Fountain Hill</i>" or "<i>Well Head</i>" would be at
+all applicable to the Wyle Cop in Shrewsbury.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">   T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOS</span>. L<span class="smcap lowercase">AWRENCE</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="left">  Ashby de la Zouch.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Visiting Cards</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., pp. 133. 195.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;"Marriage �-la-Mode," Plate
+IV., supplies an additional proof of playing cards having done duty as
+Visiting Cards and Cards of Invitation during the middle of the last
+century. There are several lying on the floor, in the right-hand corner
+of the picture. One is inscribed&mdash;"Count Basset begs to no how Lade
+Squander sleapt last nite."</p>
+
+ <p class="right">       C. F<span class="smcap lowercase">ORBES</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">    Temple.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Absalom's Hair</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 131.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Your correspondent P. P. remarks
+in the number of "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" for August 23, that "Absalom's long
+hair had nothing to do with his death; his head itself, and not the hair
+upon it, having been caught in the boughs of the tree." Even allowing
+the silence of Scripture upon the matter, the tradition has certainly
+the basis of respectable antiquity to rest on. Bishop J. Taylor thus
+writes in his <i>Second Sermon upon St. Matthew</i>, xvi. 26. <i>ad finem</i>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "The Doctors of the Jews report that when <i>Absalom hanged among
+   the oaks by the hair of the head</i>, he seemed to see under him
+   Hell gaping wide ready to receive him; and he <i>durst not cut off
+   the hair that intangled him</i>, for fear he should fall into the
+   horrid Lake, whose portion is flames and torment, but chose to
+   protract his miserable life a few minutes in that pain of
+   posture, and to abide the stroke of his pursuing enemies. His
+   condition was sad when his arts of remedy were so vain."</p>
+
+ <p class="right">     R<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">    Warmington, Sept. 3, 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>MS. Book of Sentences</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 188.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The name of the Durham
+monk referred to by W. S. W. is more probably "Swallwell" than
+"Wallwell," because the former is the name of a township or vill in
+Durham county.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">      E. S.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>The Winchester Execution</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 191.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The narrative related
+from memory of M. W. B. bears on its face strong indications of fiction:
+according to that statement a sheepstealer was "some years ago"
+condemned to death; a "warrant" for his execution was made out, but
+mislaid, by whom does not appear. After the lapse of years, during which
+the prisoner had been employed in "executing commissions in distant
+places" for the gaoler, and in obtaining a high character for his
+amiable and moral conduct, the fatal warrant arrives, and is "forwarded
+to the high sheriff, and to the delinquent himself," who is forthwith
+hanged.</p>
+
+<p>Any one acquainted with the course of practice at assizes at the period
+to which this anecdote refers, must be aware that no "warrant," in the
+sense in which the word is here used, was ever made out in such cases.
+The prisoner is legally in the custody of the sheriff when sentence is
+passed in court, and he leaves the court in that same custody. The
+judgment so pronounced is itself the warrant, though a short memorandum
+or note of it is officially made at the time; unless the judge reprieves
+or suspends the sentence, no sheriff waits for any further authority,
+and as for the unfortunate delinquent, no judge, sheriff, or gaoler ever
+supposed that any copy of a warrant was to be handed to the prisoner
+himself! During the interval between sentence and execution, if there be
+no reprieve or release from imprisonment by the authority of the
+executive, the prisoner is, and always has been, kept by the sheriff <i>in
+salv� et arct� custodi�</i> in the county gaol. The idea of an employment
+for years in rambling about the country on the gaoler's errands, is a
+preposterous figment, composed by some novelist who was unacquainted
+with the needful machinery for giving an air of verisimilitude to his
+story. The legend seems to be a version of the fate of Sir W. Raleigh
+adapted to low life; as in his case the scene is laid at Winchester, but
+the machinery and decorations are not contrived with a due regard to
+probability.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "Quodcunque essendis mihi sic, incredulus odi."</p>
+
+ <p class="right">    E. S.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Locke's MSS.</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 337.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;A good account of Locke's MSS. is
+to be found in Blakey's <i>History of Metaphysics</i>. They were in the
+possession of the Forster family, whose representative, Dr. Forster,
+M.D., is now, or was very lately, residing at Bruges.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">    �<span class="smcap lowercase">GROTUS</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Peal of Bells</i></span> <span>(Vol. i., p. 154.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The definition of a <i>peal</i>, viz.,
+"a performance of above 5,000 changes," was recently confirmed to me by
+the two following inscriptions, which I read in the belfry of the curfew
+tower at Windsor:&mdash;
+<a id="at244"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[244]</span></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "Feb. 21, 1748, was rung in this steeple a complete 5,040 of
+   union trebles, never performed here before."</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "College Youths.&mdash;This society rung in this steeple, Tuesday,
+   April 10, 1787, <i>a true and complete peal</i> of 5,040 grandsire
+   triples in three hours and fourteen minutes."</p>
+
+<p>A stone tablet in the bell chamber of Ecclesfield church records, that a
+few months ago "was rung in this tower <i>a peal</i> of Kent treble bob
+major, consisting of 5,024 changes in three hours and five minutes."</p>
+
+ <p class="right">      A<span class="smcap lowercase">LFRED</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">ATTY</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Pope's "honest Factor"</i> </span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 6.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;If any one ever made a
+rational guess at who this <i>factor</i> may have been, he must have been
+still more likely to have known who was meant by <i>Sir Balaam</i>, at whose
+identity I have never yet heard a guess. I suppose that both <i>factor</i>
+and <i>knight</i> were fancy characters.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">     C.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Bells in Churches</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 165.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The judgment stated to have
+been given by Lord Chief Justice <i>Campbell</i>, was given by Lord Chief
+Justice <i>Jervis</i>.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">      C. H. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OOPER</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">    Cambridge.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Virgil, Passage from</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 499.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The line of Virgil
+(<i>Georg.</i>, lib. iv. 87.) quoted,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+
+ <p>  "Pulveris exigui jactu compressa quiescunt,"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>and the preceding line,</p>
+
+ <div class="poem">
+
+ <p>    "Hi motus animorum atque h�c certamina tanta,"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>have been happily applied to the contrasted quiescence of
+<i>Ash</i>-Wednesday immediately succeeding the tumultuous carnival in Roman
+Catholic countries, when the cross marked by <i>ashes</i> on the forehead
+lulls to quiet the turbulent spirits of the previous weeks.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">      J. R.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Duke of Berwick</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 133.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The Duke of Berwick, born in
+1671, and so created the 19th of March, 1687, by his father (natural)
+James II., was indeed a Spanish grandee, which he was made by Philip V.,
+after his victory of Almanza, in 1707; but the title was Liria, not
+Alva, which belonged to the great house of Toledo, and was rendered
+famous (or infamous) by its bearer under Philip II. Berwick, however,
+transferred this Spanish title of Liria to his son James, by his first
+wife Honera de Burgh, daughter of William, seventh Earl of Clanrickard,
+with the annexed territory, or <i>majorat</i>. She was the widow of Patrick
+Sarsfield, Earl of Lucan, who conducted 14,000 Irish refugees to France
+in 1691, after the surrender of Limerick to Ginkle. She died of
+consumption, still young, at Montpelier, in 1698. The Duke of St. Simon,
+in his <i>M�moires</i>, tome ii. p. 92., describes her as "belle, faite �
+peindre, touchante&mdash;une nymphe enfin;" but, though personally acquainted
+with her, he names her the daughter, instead of the widow, of Lucan.
+Berwick afterwards married Miss Buckley, one of the Queen Mary d'Este's
+maids of honour, by whom he had several children, who assumed the name
+of Fitz-James. Their descendants were colonels or proprietaires of the
+Irish Brigade regiment, called, after their founder, Berwick. The
+Spanish branch still maintains its rank and estates. Berwick was killed
+at the siege of Philpsburg, in Baden, the 12th June, 1734. His military
+talents were of acknowledged superiority; so far more resembling his
+uncle Marlborough than his father, whose dastardly flight at the Boyne
+he indignantly witnessed. His <i>M�moires</i>, in two volumes 12mo., were
+published from his manuscript by his grandson, the Duke of Fitz-James,
+in 1778.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">    J. R.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">     Cork.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Nullus and Nemo</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 153.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The interpretation of "M.'s"
+woodcut will be found in Ulrich von Hutten's elegiac verses, which are
+exhibited in his <span title="[Greek: OUTIS]">&#927;&#933;&#932;&#921;&#931;</span>, N<span class="smcap lowercase">EMO</span>. Your correspondent's amusing
+conjecture about "nobody's child" was quite correct, as these lines
+prove:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+    <p>  "Qu�rendus puero pater est: Nemo obtigit. At tu,</p>
+  <p>    Si me audis, alium stulta require patrem."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>I suspect that "M.'s" old 4to. tracts bear a somewhat earlier date than
+1520-30; but probably, this matter might be determined by Burckhard's
+<i>Commentarius de Ulrici ab Hutten fatis et meritis</i>, or by his
+<i>Analecta</i> (Cf. Freytag, <i>Adpar. Lit.</i> iii. 519.), or by means of
+M�nck's collection of De Hutten's works. I happen to have copies of two
+editions of the <i>Nemo</i>, which, though they are undated, must appertain
+to the year 1518. This was not, however, the period of the first
+publication of the poem; for the author, in a letter addressed to
+Erasmus in October, 1516, mentions it as having then appeared (Niceron,
+<i>M�moires</i>, xv. 266.): but the original impression of this satirical
+performance is without the prefatory epistle to Crotus Rubianus [Johan
+Jager], who is believed to have had no inconsiderable share in the
+composition of the celebrated <i>Epistol� obscurorum Virorum</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">     R. G.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Grimsdyke</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 192.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I can mention at all events one other
+earthwork named Grimsdyke in England&mdash;the great earthwork, viz., south
+of Salisbury, which is called Grimsdyke. Mr. Guest has stated his belief
+that it was not a Belgic work, but a boundary line made by the Welsh
+after the treaty of the Mons Badonicus.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">    W. S. G.</p>
+
+   <p class="left">    Newcastle-upon-Tyne.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Coke, how pronounced</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., pp. 24. 93. 138.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Respecting the
+pronunciation of the name of Coke at page 138., I recollect having some
+discussion on it in 1812 with the late Mr. Andrew Lynch, Master in
+Chancery, then a student at the Temple, when he corrected me for calling
+it <i>Cooke</i>, which he maintained should be called <i>Coake</i>. We happened to
+dine that day at Mr. Charles Butler's,<a id="day245"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[245]</span>
+ his future father-in-law,
+and agreed to refer the matter to him who had been associated with
+Hargrave in publishing Sir Edward Coke's <i>Commentaries on Littleton</i>
+(1809, 7 vols. 8vo.). Mr. Butler at once decided the question in my
+favour, adding that he had never heard the name otherwise pronounced,
+and that <i>Coake</i> was quite a novelty, which he should never
+adopt&mdash;indeed, I am sure it is so, though now I find it generally
+prevalent.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">     J. R.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">    Cork.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Marcus �lius Antoninus</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 152.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I think that your
+correspondent will not readily ascertain the owner of this pseudonyme;
+but, in the presumed absence of any opposing evidence, I would suggest
+that the mask may belong to Marc-Antonio Flaminio. Melancthon's
+excellent <i>Responsio ad scriptum quorundam delectorum � Clero secundario
+Coloni� Agrippin�</i>, 4to., Francfurdi�, 1543, is now before me, but it
+does not allude to the <i>Querela</i> set forth in the same year. It is said
+that the framer of the Cologne <i>Judicium</i> against Bucer was the
+Carmelite Eberhardus Billicus; and T<span class="smcap lowercase">YRO</span> may be assured that he is
+fortunate if he be a possessor of the tract by the fictitious Antoninus;
+for, in the words of Seckendorf,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "Ex scriptis reliquis, occasione Reformationis Coloniensis tunc
+   publicatis, plurima in oblivionem fere venerunt, nec facile hodie
+   inveniuntur, typis licet olim excusa."&mdash;<i>Comm. de Luther.</i> lib.
+   iii. sect. 27. � cvii. p. 437. Francof. 1692.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">    R. G.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span class="bla">Miscellaneous.</span></h2>
+
+
+<h3><span>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</span></h3>
+
+<p>The sculptures which have been preserved with comparatively little
+injury for upwards of six centuries on the western front of the
+venerable cathedral of Wells have long excited the wonder and curiosity,
+as well as admiration, of all who looked upon them. All have been ready
+to recognise in them the expression of some grand design; but it has
+been reserved for Professor Cockerell to penetrate, through the
+quaintness of the style and the dilapidations of centuries, into their
+noble aim and purpose, and to describe at length this "extensive but
+hitherto unedited commentary in living sculpture of the thirteenth
+century, upon our earliest dynasties, our churchmen, and religious
+creed." This he has done in a handsome and richly illustrated volume,
+lately published by Mr. Parker under the title of <i>Iconography of the
+West Front of Wells Cathedral, with an Appendix on the Sculptures of
+other Medi�val Churches in England</i>: and the work will be found of the
+highest interest, not only for its valuable illustration of this
+"kalender for unlearned men," which we owe to the piety and love of art
+of Bishop Trotman, and which Flaxman speaks of as "<i>the earliest
+specimen</i> of such magnificent and varied sculpture united in a series of
+sacred history that is to be found in western Europe," but also for the
+light it throws upon the history of art in this country. For not only
+have we in these pages the results of Professor Cockerell's studies of
+the extensive and important series of sculptures which form the
+immediate subject of them; but also his criticisms and remarks upon the
+cognate objects to be found at Exeter, Norwich, Malmesbury, Canterbury,
+Rochester, York, Beverley, Lichfield, Worcester, Lincoln, Gloucester,
+Salisbury, Peterborough, Croyland, and Bath. And who can speak with
+greater authority upon such points? whose opinion would be received with
+greater respect?</p>
+
+<p>Surely Rome must have been styled the <i>Eternal City</i> because there is no
+end to the books which are published respecting it:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "For every year and month sends forth a new one;"</p>
+
+<p>yet the subject never seems exhausted. Now it is a high churchman who
+gives a picture of this "Niobe of nations," tinted <i>couleur de rose</i>;
+now a low churchman, who talks of nothing but abominations of a deeper
+dye; now some classical student tells how&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+
+   <p>   "The Goth, the Christian, time, war, flood, and fire</p>
+     <p> Have dealt upon the seven hill'd city's pride;"</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>now some worshipper of art, who unfolds the treasures garnered within
+its walls; now a politician loud in his praises of Young Italy, or his
+condemnation of foreign interference. The Chevalier de Chatelaine is
+none of these, or rather, he is almost all of them by turns; and
+consequently his <i>Rambles though Rome, descriptive of the Social,
+Political, and Ecclesiastical Condition of the City and its
+Inhabitants</i>, is a volume of pleasant gossip, more amusing to the reader
+than flattering to the character of the Roman people or those who govern
+them.</p>
+
+<p>C<span class="smcap lowercase">ATALOGUE</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.&mdash;J. G. Bell's (17. Bedford Street, Covent Garden)
+Catalogue of Autograph Letters and other Documents, English and Foreign.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES<br />
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.</span></h3>
+
+<ul>
+<li>   F<span class="smcap lowercase">EARNE'S</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">SSAY ON</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">UMAN</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ONSCIOUSNESS</span>, 4to.</li>
+
+<li>   B<span class="smcap lowercase">ISHOP</span> K<span class="smcap lowercase">IDDER'S</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">IFE OF</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NTHONY</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNECK</span>.</li>
+
+<li>   T<span class="smcap lowercase">IGHE'S</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">IFE OF</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">AW</span>.</li>
+
+<li>   M<span class="smcap lowercase">ACROPEDII</span>, H<span class="smcap lowercase">ECASTUS</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">ABULA</span>. 8vo. Antwerp, 1539.</li>
+
+<li>   O<span class="smcap lowercase">MNES</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGII</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ACROPEDII</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">ABUL�</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OMIC�</span>. Utrecht, 1552. 2 Vols. 8vo.</li>
+
+<li>   O<span class="smcap lowercase">THONIS</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">EXICON</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ABBINICUM</span>.</li>
+
+<li>   P<span class="smcap lowercase">LATO</span>. Vols. VIII. X. XI. of the Bipont Edition.</li>
+
+<li>   P<span class="smcap lowercase">ARKINSON'S</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">ERMONS</span>. Vol. I.</li>
+
+<li>   A<span class="smcap lowercase">THEN�UM</span>. Oct. and Nov. 1848. Parts CCL., CCLI.</li>
+
+<li>   W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIS'</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">RICE</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">URRENT</span>. Nos. I. III. V. XXIV. XXVI. XXVII.&mdash;XLV.</li>
+
+<li>   R<span class="smcap lowercase">ABBI</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">ALOMON</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">ARCHI</span> (R<span class="smcap lowercase">ASCHI</span>) C<span class="smcap lowercase">OMMENTAR �BER DEN</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ENTATEUCH VON</span> L. H<span class="smcap lowercase">AYMANN</span>. Bonn, 1833.</li>
+
+<li>   R<span class="smcap lowercase">ABBI</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">OLOMON</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">ARCHI</span> (R<span class="smcap lowercase">ASCHI</span>) <span class="smcap lowercase">�BER DAS ERSTE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">UCH</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">OSIS VON</span> L. H<span class="smcap lowercase">AYMANN</span>. Bonn, 1833.</li>
+
+<li>   No. 3 of S<span class="smcap lowercase">UMMER</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">RODUCTIONS</span>, or P<span class="smcap lowercase">ROGRESSIVE</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ISCELLANIES</span>, by    Thomas Johnson. London, 1790.</li>
+
+<li>   H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF</span> V<span class="smcap lowercase">IRGINIA</span>. Folio. London, 1624.</li>
+
+<li>   T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">POLOGETICS OF</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">THENAGORAS</span>, Englished by D. Humphreys. London, 1714. 8vo.</li>
+
+<li>   B<span class="smcap lowercase">OVILLUS DE</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NIM�</span> I<span class="smcap lowercase">MMORTALITATE, ETC</span>. Lugduni, 1522. 4to.</li>
+
+<li>   K<span class="smcap lowercase">UINOEL'S</span> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OV</span>. T<span class="smcap lowercase">EST</span>. Tom. I.</li>
+
+<li>   T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">RIEND</span>, by Coleridge. Vol. III. Pickering.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p class="indh6"><span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span>  Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
+   <i>carriage free</i>, to be sent to M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, Publisher of "NOTES AND
+   QUERIES," 186.&nbsp;Fleet Street.
+<a id="sent246"></a>  <span  class="pagenum">[246]</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Notices to Correspondents.</span></h3>
+
+<p>MR. J. F. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ARKINS</span> <i>will find the information he wishes respecting the
+dramatic works of Bishop Bale, &amp;c., in Mr. Collier's</i> History of
+Dramatic Poetry. The Arraignment of Paris <i>is printed in Peele's works</i>;
+<i>and the plays attributed to Shakspeare, in a supplement to Knight's
+Pictorial Shakspeare</i>. <i>The other Queries shall appear very shortly.</i></p>
+
+<p>A. N. <i>The communication referred to shall be found</i> if possible; <i>but
+the number of papers we receive is not</i> small, <i>as our correspondent
+supposes.</i></p>
+
+<p>J. B. C.'s <i>communication was certainly intended for insertion. It shall
+be looked out and printed, with as little delay as possible</i>.</p>
+
+<p>R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.&mdash;<i>Marriage of Bishops&mdash;Names of Vermin and Payments
+for destroying&mdash;Suicides buried in Cross Roads&mdash;Tobacco used by
+Elizabethan Ladies&mdash;Ball that killed Nelson&mdash;Serpent with a Human
+Head&mdash;Bidding Weddings&mdash;White Rose&mdash;Annals of the Inquisition&mdash;Pope and
+Flatman&mdash;Quotation from Bacon&mdash;Story referred to by Jeremy Taylor&mdash;Lord
+Mayor not a Privy Councillor&mdash;Borough-English&mdash;The Sun Feminine&mdash;Sacre
+Cheveux&mdash;Blessing by the Hand&mdash;Nao a Ship&mdash;Illumination in
+1802&mdash;Miserrimus&mdash;Tennyson&mdash;St. Frances&mdash;Whig and
+Tory&mdash;Simnels&mdash;Devenisch&mdash;Discovery of the Drowned&mdash;Forthfare&mdash;Royal
+Library, &amp;c.&mdash;Antiquity of Kilts&mdash;Cagots&mdash;Burton Family&mdash;Fire
+unknown&mdash;Mad as a March Hare&mdash;Grimsdyke&mdash;Freedom from Serpents.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Copies of our</i> Prospectus, <i>according to the suggestion of</i> T. E. H.,
+<i>will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by
+circulating them.</i></p>
+
+<p>V<span class="smcap lowercase">OLS.</span> I., II., <i>and</i> III., <i>with very copious Indices, may still be had,
+price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth.</i></p>
+
+<p>N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> <i>is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped
+Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office
+Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,</i> M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, 186. Fleet
+Street; <i>to whose care all communications for the Editor should be
+addressed.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Erratum.</i>&mdash;Vol. iii., p. 522., after the last word in the article on
+M<span class="smcap lowercase">OSAIC</span>, add "by Alex. de La Borde."</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="center">BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR OCTOBER.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">NEANDER'S HISTORY OF THE PLANTING OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH, Vol. 2.,
+containing the Author's Recent Additions. Also, ANTIGNOSTIKUS, or Spirit
+of Tertullian. Translated from the German by J. E. RYLAND. Post 8vo.
+3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="center1">BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR OCTOBER.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">OVID'S METAMORPHOSES, literally translated into English Prose, with
+Notes, and Explanation of each Fable. Post 8vo. Frontispiece. 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+<p class="center1">BOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR OCTOBER.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">DIDRON'S CHRISTIAN ICONOGRAPHY; a History of Christian Art, translated
+from the French, with upwards of 150 beautiful outline Engravings, in 2
+vols., post 8vo. Vol. I. 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+<p class="center1">BOHN'S SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY FOR OCTOBER.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">STOCKHARDT'S PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY, exemplified in a Series of Simple
+Experiments, with upwards of 200 Diagrams and Engravings. Translated
+from the German. Post 8vo. 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="center">HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+<p class="noindent cap">AUTOGRAPHS.&mdash;Just published, price One Shilling (returned to
+purchasers), A CATALOGUE of a large Collection of Autograph Letters,
+&amp;c., with Biographical and Critical Dates, Notes, and Extracts (sent by
+post for Twelve Stamps).</p>
+
+<p class="center">London: JOHN GRAY BELL, 17. Bedford Street, Covent Garden.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+<p class="center">THE TRAVELLER'S LIBRARY.</p>
+
+<p class="center">On Wednesday next will by published, 16mo. price One Shilling,</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">MR. MACAULAY'S TWO ESSAYS ON RANKE'S HISTORY of the POPES and on
+GLADSTONE ON CHURCH AND STATE. Forming the Eighth Part of
+ T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">RAVELLER'S</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">IBRARY</span>. To be continued Monthly, price One Shilling each
+Part.</p>
+
+<p>Part 1 contains WARREN HASTINGS, by T. B. Macaulay.</p>
+
+<p>Part 2 contains LORD CLIVE, by T. B. Macaulay.</p>
+
+<p>Part 3, LONDON in 1850-51. By J. R. M'Culloch, Esq.</p>
+
+<p>Part 4, SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY. From the "Spectator." With Notes and
+Illustrations, by W. H. Wills.</p>
+
+<p>Part 5, WILLIAM PITT, EARL OF CHATHAM, by T. B. Macaulay.</p>
+
+<p>Parts 6 and 7, MR. S. LAING'S JOURNAL of a RESIDENCE IN NORWAY. Complete
+in Two Parts.</p>
+
+<p>Parts 9 and 10, on Nov. 1, will comprise a New Edition of EOTHEN,
+complete in Two Parts, price One Shilling each.</p>
+
+<p class="center">London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+<p class="center">COMPANION ATLAS TO THE WORKS OF HUMBOLDT, SOMERVILLE, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="center">On Nov. 1st, New Edition, extra Maps, price 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, crimson cl.
+gilt,</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">THE HAND ATLAS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, a series of 24 fo. and 4to. Maps
+and Plates, with 11 Index Maps, full coloured illustration of the
+Geographical distribution of Natural Phenomena, from Dr. Berghan's
+Atlas, and Original Maps drawn by and under the Superintendence of Drs.
+Ritter, Kiepert, Grimm, O'Etzell, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="center">Shortly (by request),</p>
+
+<p>THE HISTORICAL ATLAS, from the SUBVERSION of the WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE to
+the ABDICATION of NAPOLEON. 15 Maps. 4to., 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p>
+
+<p class="indh"> Published by EDWARD GOWER. Princes Street, Bedford Row; SIMPKIN &amp;
+   Co.; WHITTAKER &amp; Co.; HAMILTON &amp; Co.; AYLOTT &amp; JONES; and R.
+   THEOBALD: Edinburgh, MENZIES: Dublin, M'GLASHEN.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+     <p class="blockquot cap"> PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT<br /> STREET.</p>
+
+ <p class="center">CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS.</p>
+
+ <p class="center"> Established 1806.</p>
+
+ <p class="center"> Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818<i>l.</i></p>
+
+ <p class="center"> Annual Income, 150,000<i>l.</i>&mdash;Bonuses Declared, 743,000<i>l.</i></p>
+
+ <p class="center">Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450<i>l.</i></p>
+
+ <p class="center"><i>President.</i></p>
+
+ <p class="center">The Right Honorable EARL GREY.</p>
+
+ <p class="center"> <i>Directors.</i></p>
+
+ <p class="center"> The Rev. James Sherman, <i>Chairman</i>.</p>
+
+ <p class="center"> Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., <i>Deputy-Chairman</i>.</p>
+
+<table summary="directors">
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td><td class="tdleft">Henry B. Alexander, Esq.</td><td class="tdleft">William Ostler, Esq.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td><td class="tdleft">George Dacre, Esq. </td><td class="tdleft">Apsley Pellatt, Esq.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td><td class="tdleft">William Judd, Esq. </td><td class="tdleft">George Round, Esq.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td><td class="tdleft">Sir Richard D. King, Bart. </td><td class="tdleft">Frederick Squire, Esq.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td><td class="tdleft">The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird </td><td class="tdleft">William Henry Stone, Esq.</td>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td>&nbsp;</td><td class="tdleft">Thomas Maugham, Esq. </td><td class="tdleft">Capt. William John Williams.</td>
+</tr>
+
+</table>
+
+     <p class="center1"> J. A. Beaumont, Esq., <i>Managing Director</i>.</p>
+   <p class="center"> <i>Physician</i>&mdash;John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague Street,
+      Montague Square.</p>
+
+  <p class="center1">NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.</p>
+
+<p class="center smaller">Example of the Extinction of Premiums<br />
+ by the Surrender of Bonuses.</p>
+ <div class="box">
+
+<table summary="Example of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses">
+
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">Date<br /> of<br /> Policy.</td><td class="tdleft">Sum<br /> Insured.</td><td class="tdleft">Original<br /> Premium.</td><td class="tdleft">Bonuses added<br /> subsequently,<br /> to be further<br /> increased<br /> annually.</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">1806</td><td class="tdleft">�2500</td><td class="tdleft">�79 10 10 Extinguished</td><td class="tdleft">�1222&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">1811</td><td class="tdleft">�1000</td><td class="tdleft">�33 19&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2 Ditto</td><td class="tdleft">&nbsp;&nbsp;�231 17&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">1818</td><td class="tdleft">�1000</td><td class="tdleft">�34 16 10 Ditto</td><td class="tdleft">&nbsp;&nbsp;�114 18 10</td></tr>
+
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p class="center smaller">Examples of Bonuses added<br /> to other Policies.</p>
+
+<table summary="Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies">
+
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">Policy<br /> No.</td><td class="tdleft">Date.</td><td class="tdright">Sum<br /> Insured.</td><td class="tdleft">Bonuses<br /> added.</td><td class="tdleft">Total with<br /> Additions<br /> to be further<br /> increased.</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">&nbsp;&nbsp;521</td><td class="tdleft">1807</td><td class="tdright">�900</td><td class="tdleft">&nbsp;&nbsp;�982 12&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1</td><td class="tdleft">�1882 12&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">1174</td><td class="tdleft">1810</td><td class="tdright">�1200</td><td class="tdleft">�1160&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6</td><td class="tdleft">�2360&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">3392</td><td class="tdleft">1820</td><td class="tdright">�5000</td><td class="tdleft">�3558 17&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8</td><td class="tdleft">�8558 17&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8</td></tr>
+
+</table>
+
+</div>
+
+<p>Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application to
+the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the United
+Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. 50. Regent
+Street.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+<p class="center2">THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE</p>
+<p class="center1">AND</p>
+<p class="center2">HISTORICAL REVIEW.</p>
+
+<p>In an age which claims to give peculiar attention to whatever is useful
+and practical, the G<span class="smcap lowercase">ENTLEMAN'S</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">AGAZINE</span> has stepped forward to occupy
+the vacant post of an Historical Review. Gentlemen eminently conversant
+with the various branches of historical study are constant contributors,
+and every endeavour is made to render the Magazine a worthy organ and
+representative of Historical and Arch�ological Literature. In its
+Original Articles, historical questions are considered and discussed; in
+its Correspondence, the researches and inquiries of historical students
+are promoted; in its Reviews, prominent attention is given to all
+historical books; its Historical Chronicle and Notes of the Month
+contain a record of such recent events as are worthy of being kept in
+remembrance; its Obituary is a faithful memorial of all persons of
+eminence lately deceased; and these divisions of the Magazine are so
+treated and blended together as to render the whole attractive and
+interesting to all classes of readers.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,</p>
+
+<p class="center">FOR JULY, 1851,</p>
+
+<p class="center">THE FIRST OF A NEW VOLUME,</p>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p>Contains the following articles:&mdash;1. The Present State of English
+Historical Literature: the Record Offices; 2. Bill for King Charles's
+Pedestal at Charing Cross; 3. Anecdotes from the Day-books of Dr. Henry
+Sampson; 4. The Infinity of Geometric Design (with Engravings); 5.
+Christian Iconography, by J. G. Waller: Principalities, Archangels, and
+Angels (with Engravings); 6. Companions of my Solitude; 7. Mr. P.
+Cunningham's Story of Nell Gwynn, Chapter VII. (with Portraits of her
+two Sons); 8. Sussex Arch�ology (with Engravings); 9. Horace Walpole and
+Mason; 10. National Education; with Notes of the Month, Review of New
+Publications, Reports of Scientific and Antiquarian Society, and
+O<span class="smcap lowercase">BITUARY</span>, including Memoirs of the Earl of Shaftesbury, the Earl of
+Cottenham, Right Hon. R. L. Shiel, Rev. W. M. Kinsey, Mrs. Shelly, Mr.
+Dowton, &amp;c.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="center1">THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,</p>
+
+<p class="center">FOR AUGUST, 1851,</p>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p>Contains the following articles:&mdash;1. Memoirs of William Wordsworth, Poet
+Laureate; 2. Letter of Bossuet respecting the Death of Henrietta,
+Duchess of Orleans; 3. Curiosities of the old Church Canons, No. II.; 4.
+Who were the Anglo-Saxon Kings crowned at Kingston? 5. The Story of Nell
+Gwynn, related by Peter Cunningham, concluded; 6. The Galleys of England
+and France; 7. Parliamentary Robes for a Prince of Wales; 8. Christian
+Iconography, by J. G. Waller; 9. Ruins of Vaudey Abbey, Lincolnshire;
+10. Seal with a Merchant's Mark; with Correspondence on Subjects of
+Popular Interest, Notes of the Month, Review of New Publications,
+Reports of Scientific and Antiquarian Societies. The O<span class="smcap lowercase">BITUARY</span> for August
+contains several Biographies of great interest, viz., The Earl of Derby,
+K.G., President of the Zoological Society; Viscount Melville, formerly
+First Lord of the Admiralty; Right Hon. William Lascelles, Comptroller
+of Her Majesty's Household; Admiral Sir Edward Codrington, G.C.B.; Sir
+J. Graham Dalyell, Bart., the Scotish Antiquary and Naturalist; Lord
+Dundrennan, the Scotish Judge; Dr. Adams, the eminent Civilian; Colonel
+Michell, late Surveyor at the Cape; Mr. Dyce Sombre; Mr. Thorneycroft,
+of Wolverhampton; Mr. St. George Tucker, the East India Director; Sir
+George S. Gibbes, M.D., late of Bath; Dr. Kennedy, the Medical
+Bibliographer; Dr. Mackness, of Hastings; Mrs. Sheridan, Author of
+"Carwell"; Mrs. Atthill (Miss Halsted), Author of "the Life of Richard
+III.;" Richard Phillips, F.R.S., the Chemist; D. M. Moir, Esq., the
+Delta of Blackwood; Mr. Thomas Moule, the Antiquary; The Rev. Jelinger
+Symons; Rev. N. J. Halpin; Tieck and Henning, the Sculptors, &amp;c. &amp;c. A
+Biographical List of Clergymen deceased, and Deaths of the Nobility,
+Gentry, and other Remarkable Persons.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="center1">THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,</p>
+
+<p class="center">FOR SEPTEMBER, 1851,</p>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p>Contains the following articles: 1. Who was Sir Miles Hobart? 2.
+Palgrave's Normandy and England; 3. Petition against the return of
+George Gascoigne the Poet to Parliament; 4. Municipal Franchises of the
+Middle Ages illustrated by Documents from the Archives of Leicester; 5.
+Ulrich von Hutten; 6. Original Papers about William Penn, contributed by
+Hepworth Dixon; 7. Edward Bickersteth; 8. Christian Iconography and
+Legendary Art: the Four Evangelists, by J. G. Waller; 9. Breydenbach's
+Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, with two Plates; 10. Literary Admission to
+the Public Records; 11. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban; 12. Notes of
+the Month. With a full Report of the Proceedings of the Arch�ological
+Institute at Bristol and at Wells; Historical Chronicle; and O<span class="smcap lowercase">BITUARY</span>,
+including Memoirs of Sir Edward Stracey, Dr. Lingard, Sir Francis
+Simpkinson, Q.C., Mr. Rogers, Q.C., Mrs. Harriet Lee, T. W. Hill,
+Esq., and other eminent persons.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="center1">THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,</p>
+
+<p class="center">FOR OCTOBER, 1851,</p>
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<p>Contains the following articles:&mdash;1. Original Letters of Edmund Burke,
+relative to his office of Paymaster General; 2. Ulrich Von Hutten, Part
+II. The Wurtemburg Tragedy; 3. Monk and the Restoration; 4. Historical
+Illustrations of the reign of Henry VII., his Visit to York in 1487; 5.
+Recent Discoveries near Rome, communicated by Benjamin Gibson, Esq.,
+with Engravings; 6. Memoir of Bishop Copleston; 7. Memoir of Colonel
+Springett the Puritan, by his Daughter; 8. Original Letters of King
+James II. relating to the Siege of Derry; 9. Bolton Church,
+Lincolnshire, with a Plate. With various Correspondence; Notes of the
+Month; Reports of the Arch�ological Meetings at Derby, Bristol, Tenby,
+Ely, Swaffham, Leighton Buzzard, &amp;c. &amp;c.; Historical Chronicle; and
+O<span class="smcap lowercase">BITUARY</span>, including Memoirs of the Earl of Clare, Rear-Admiral Lord John
+Hay, Hon. Keppel Craven, Sir Henry Jardine, Charles K&oelig;nig, Esq., F.R.S.,
+Dr. O'Sullivan, Dr. Edward Johnstone, Edward Quillinan, Esq.,
+Mons. Daguerre, &amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<p class="indh">THE GENTLEMEN'S MAGAZINE is published on the 1st of every month by NICHOLS &amp; SON,
+25. Parliament Street, Westminster, price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, and may be ordered of any Bookseller.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<div class="boxad">
+
+<p class="center2">NEW WORKS NEARLY READY.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">I.</p>
+
+<p>SIR J. RICHARDSON'S JOURNAL OF A BOAT VOYAGE THROUGH RUPERT'S LAND and
+along the Central Arctic Coasts in Search of the Discovery Ships under
+SIR J. FRANKLIN. With coloured Plates, Maps, and Woodcuts. 2 vols. 8vo.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">II.</p>
+
+<p>A NATURALIST'S SOJOURN IN JAMAICA. BY P. H. GOSSE, Esq., Author of
+"Popular British Ornithology," &amp;c. With coloured Plates. Post 8vo.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">III.</p>
+
+<p>LECTURES ON THE HISTORY OF FRANCE, delivered in the University of
+Cambridge. By the Right Hon. SIR JAMES STEPHEN, K.C.B., LL.D.,
+Professor of Modern History in the University of Cambridge. 2 vols. 8vo.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">IV.</p>
+
+<p>THE REV. C. MERIVALE'S HISTORY OF THE ROMANS UNDER THE EMPIRE. Vol. III.
+completing the History to the Establishment of the Monarchy of Augustus.
+8vo.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">V.</p>
+
+<p>BISHOP THIRLWALL'S HISTORY OF GREECE. An Improved Library Edition; with
+Maps. Vol. VI. 8vo. In October.</p>
+
+<p class="indh6">
+<span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span>  The concluding Volumes (VII. and VIII.) will be ready
+shortly.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">VI.</p>
+
+<p>SHARON TURNER'S HISTORY OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS, from the Earliest Period to
+the Norman Conquest. Seventh Edition. 3 vols. 8vo.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">VII.</p>
+
+<p>WESLEY AND METHODISM. By ISAAC TAYLOR, Author of "Loyola and Jesuitism,"
+&amp;c. Post 8vo. Portrait.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">VIII.</p>
+
+<p>HIPPOLYTUS AND HIS AGE; or, Doctrine and Practice of the Church of Rome
+under Commodus and Alexander Severus. By C. C. J. BUNSEN, D.C.L. 2
+vols. post 8vo.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">IX.</p>
+
+<p>TREATISE ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICAL INFLUENCE OF TAXATION AND THE
+FUNDING SYSTEM. By J. R. M'CULLOCH, Esq. New and Improved Edition. 8vo.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">X.</p>
+
+<p>TREATISE ON THE CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH DETERMINE THE RULE OF WAGES AND THE
+CONDITION OF THE LABOURING CLASSES. By J. R. M'CULLOCH, Esq.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">XI.</p>
+
+<p>MR. J. A. SHARP'S NEW AND COMPLETE GAZETTEER, or Topographical
+Dictionary of the British Islands and Narrow Seas; comprising above
+60,000 Names of Places. 2 vols. 8vo. uniform with Johnston's "New
+General Gazetteer."</p>
+
+<p class="center1">XII.</p>
+
+<p>THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES; or, Rolls of the Official Personages of the
+British Empire. Being a New Edition, improved and continued, of
+BEAT-ON'S POLITICAL INDEX. By JOSEPH HAYDN. In One Volume, 8vo.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">XIII.</p>
+
+<p>ENGLISH AGRICULTURE IN 1850 AND 1851, its Condition and Prospects. By
+JAMES CAIRD, Agricultural Commissioner of "The Times," and Author of
+"High Farming, under Liberal Covenants." 8vo.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">XIV.</p>
+
+<p>HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH RAILWAY: its Social Relations and Revelations. By
+JOHN FRANCIS, Author of "History of the Bank of England." 2 vols. 8vo.</p>
+
+<p class="center1">London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, &amp; LONGMANS.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p class="indh">   Printed by T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMAS</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">LARK</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">HAW</span>, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No.
+   5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of
+   London; and published by G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span> of No. 186. Fleet Street, in
+   the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the city of London,
+   Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday,
+   September 27, 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="tnbox">
+
+<p>Transcriber's Note: Original spelling varieties have not been standardized. In
+the Niniveh inscriptions character frequency <a title="Go to Niniveh list" href="#Niniveh">list</a> the letters
+<span title="[Hebrew: Resh]">&#1512;</span> and
+<span title="[Hebrew: Gimel]">&#1490;</span> seem to be missing, while
+characters marked with [?] may have been used more than once. </p>
+
+<p><a id="pageslist1"></a><a title="Return to top" href="#was_added1"> Pages
+ in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV</a> </p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Notes and Queries Vol. I.           </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Vol., No.      Date, Year         Pages      PG #   </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>      Vol. I No.  1  November  3, 1849.  Pages   1 -  17  PG #  8603  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No.  2  November 10, 1849. Pages   18 -  32  PG # 11265  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No.  3  November 17, 1849. Pages   33 -  46  PG # 11577  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No.  4  November 24, 1849. Pages   49 -  63  PG # 13513  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Vol. I No.  5  December  1, 1849. Pages   65 -  80  PG # 11636  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No.  6  December  8, 1849. Pages   81 -  95  PG # 13550  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No.  7  December 15, 1849. Pages   97 - 112  PG # 11651  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No.  8  December 22, 1849. Pages  113 - 128  PG # 11652  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No.  9  December 29, 1849. Pages  130 - 144  PG # 13521  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 10  January   5, 1850. Pages  145 - 160  PG #        </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 11  January  12, 1850. Pages  161 - 176  PG # 11653  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 12  January  19, 1850. Pages  177 - 192  PG # 11575  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 13  January  26, 1850. Pages  193 - 208  PG # 11707  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 14  February  2, 1850. Pages  209 - 224  PG # 13558  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 15  February  9, 1850. Pages  225 - 238  PG # 11929  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 16  February 16, 1850. Pages  241 - 256  PG # 16193  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 17  February 23, 1850. Pages  257 - 271  PG # 12018  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 18  March     2, 1850. Pages  273 - 288  PG # 13544  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 19  March     9, 1850. Pages  289 - 309  PG # 13638  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 20  March    16, 1850. Pages  313 - 328  PG # 16409  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 21  March    23, 1850. Pages  329 - 343  PG # 11958  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 22  March    30, 1850. Pages  345 - 359  PG # 12198  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 23  April     6, 1850. Pages  361 - 376  PG # 12505  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 24  April    13, 1850. Pages  377 - 392  PG # 13925  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 25  April    20, 1850. Pages  393 - 408  PG # 13747  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 26  April    27, 1850. Pages  409 - 423  PG # 13822  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>      Vol. I No. 27  May       4, 1850. Pages  425 - 447  PG # 13712  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 28  May      11, 1850. Pages  449 - 463  PG # 13684  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 29  May      18, 1850. Pages  465 - 479  PG # 15197  </li>
+<li>       Vol. I No. 30  May      25, 1850. Pages   481 - 495  PG # 13713  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  </li>
+</ul>
+
+ <ul>
+<li>       Vol., No.       Date, Year          Pages    PG #   </li>
+</ul>
+
+ <ul>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 31  June  1, 1850.  Pages        1- 15  PG # 12589  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 32  June  8, 1850.  Pages       17- 32  PG # 15996  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 33  June 15, 1850.  Pages       33- 48  PG # 26121  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 34  June 22, 1850.   Pages      49- 64  PG # 22127  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 35  June 29, 1850.   Pages      65- 79  PG # 22126  </li>
+</ul>
+
+ <ul>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 36  July  6, 1850.  Pages       81- 96  PG # 13361  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 37  July 13, 1850.  Pages       97-112  PG # 13729  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 38  July 20, 1850.   Pages     113-128  PG # 13362  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 39  July 27, 1850.    Pages    129-143  PG # 13736  </li>
+</ul>
+
+ <ul>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 40  August  3, 1850. Pages     145-159  PG # 13389  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 41  August 10, 1850.  Pages    161-176  PG # 13393  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 42  August 17, 1850. Pages     177-191  PG # 13411  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 43  August 24, 1850.  Pages    193-207  PG # 13406  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 44  August 31, 1850.  Pages    209-223  PG # 13426  </li>
+</ul>
+
+ <ul>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 45  September  7, 1850. Pages  225-240  PG # 13427  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 46  September 14, 1850. Pages  241-256  PG # 13462  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 47  September 21, 1850. Pages  257-272  PG # 13936  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 48  September 28, 1850. Pages  273-288  PG # 13463  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 49  October  5, 1850.  Pages   289-304  PG # 13480  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 50  October 12, 1850.  Pages   305-320  PG # 13551  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 51  October 19, 1850.  Pages   321-351  PG # 15232  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 52  October 26, 1850.  Pages   353-367  PG # 22624  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 53  November  2, 1850. Pages   369-383  PG # 13540  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 54  November  9, 1850.  Pages  385-399  PG # 22138  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 55  November 16, 1850.  Pages  401-415  PG # 15216  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 56  November 23, 1850. Pages   417-431  PG # 15354  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 57  November 30, 1850. Pages   433-454  PG # 15405  </li>
+</ul>
+
+ <ul>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 58  December  7, 1850.  Pages  457-470  PG # 21503  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 59  December 14, 1850.  Pages  473-486  PG # 15427  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 60  December 21, 1850. Pages   489-502  PG # 24803  </li>
+<li>       Vol. II No. 61  December 28, 1850.  Pages  505-524  PG # 16404  </li>
+</ul>
+
+ <ul>
+<li>      Notes and Queries Vol. III.      </li>
+</ul>
+
+ <ul>
+<li>     Vol., No.        Date, Year         Pages    PG #   </li>
+</ul>
+
+ <ul>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 62  January  4, 1851.  Pages    1- 15  PG # 15638  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 63  January 11, 1851.  Pages   17- 31  PG # 15639  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 64  January 18, 1851.  Pages   33- 47  PG # 15640  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 65  January 25, 1851. Pages    49- 78  PG # 15641  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 66  February  1, 1851. Pages   81- 95  PG # 22339  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 67  February  8, 1851. Pages   97-111  PG # 22625  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 68  February 15, 1851. Pages  113-127  PG # 22639  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 69  February 22, 1851. Pages  129-159  PG # 23027  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 70  March  1, 1851. Pages     161-174  PG # 23204  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 71  March  8, 1851. Pages     177-200  PG # 23205  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 72  March 15, 1851. Pages     201-215  PG # 23212  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 73  March 22, 1851.  Pages    217-231  PG # 23225  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 74  March 29, 1851.  Pages    233-255  PG # 23282  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 75  April  5, 1851. Pages      257-271  PG # 23402  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 76  April 12, 1851. Pages     273-294  PG # 26896  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 77  April 19, 1851. Pages     297-311  PG # 26897  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 78  April 26, 1851. Pages     313-342  PG # 26898  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 79  May  3, 1851. Pages       345-359  PG # 26899  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 80  May 10, 1851. Pages       361-382  PG # 32495  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 81  May 17, 1851.  Pages      385-399  PG # 29318  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 82  May 24, 1851.  Pages      401-415  PG # 28311  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 83  May 31, 1851.  Pages      417-440  PG # 36835  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 84  June  7, 1851.  Pages     441-472  PG # 37379  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 85  June 14, 1851.  Pages     473-488  PG # 37403  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 86  June 21, 1851. Pages      489-511  PG # 37496  </li>
+<li>       Vol. III No. 87  June 28, 1851. Pages      513-528  PG # 37516  </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  </li>
+</ul>
+
+ <ul>
+<li>       Vol., No.        Date, Year          Pages    PG #  </li>
+</ul>
+
+  <ul>
+<li>       Vol. IV No. 88   July  5, 1851.  Pages        1- 15  PG # 37548 </li>
+<li>       Vol. IV No. 89   July 12, 1851.  Pages       17- 31  PG # 37568 </li>
+<li>       Vol. IV No. 90   July 19, 1851.  Pages       33- 47  PG # 37593 </li>
+<li>       Vol. IV No. 91   July 26, 1851.  Pages       49- 79  PG # 37778 </li>
+</ul>
+
+ <ul>
+<li>       Vol. IV No. 92   August  2, 1851. Pages      81- 94  PG # 38324 </li>
+<li>       Vol. IV No. 93   August  9, 1851. Pages      97-112  PG # 38337 </li>
+<li>       Vol. IV No. 94   August 16, 1851. Pages     113-127  PG # 38350 </li>
+<li>       Vol. IV No. 95   August 23, 1851.  Pages    129-144  PG # 38386 </li>
+<li>       Vol. IV No. 96   August 30, 1851.  Pages    145-167  PG # 38405 </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Vol. IV No.  97  Sept.  6, 1851.  Pages     169-183  PG # 38433 </li>
+<li>       Vol. IV No.  98  Sept. 13, 1851.   Pages    185-200  PG # 38491 </li>
+<li>       Vol. IV No.  99  Sept. 20, 1851.   Pages    201-216  PG # 38574 </li>
+</ul>
+
+<ul>
+<li>       Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]              PG # 13536 </li>
+<li>       INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850      PG # 13571 </li>
+<li>       INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851      PG # 26770 </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+  </div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number
+100, September 27, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, SEPT 27, 1851 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 38656-h.htm or 38656-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/6/5/38656/
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+
+</pre>
+
+    </body>
+      </html>
diff --git a/38656-h/images/cover.jpg b/38656-h/images/cover.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21b4c86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38656-h/images/cover.jpg
diff --git a/38656-h/images/image01.jpg b/38656-h/images/image01.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99a8b9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38656-h/images/image01.jpg
diff --git a/38656-h/images/image02.jpg b/38656-h/images/image02.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6b20ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38656-h/images/image02.jpg
diff --git a/38656-h/images/image03.jpg b/38656-h/images/image03.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cabc3d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38656-h/images/image03.jpg
diff --git a/38656.txt b/38656.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c39241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38656.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4313 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 100,
+September 27, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 100, September 27, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: January 23, 2012 [EBook #38656]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, SEPT 27, 1851 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been
+standardized. In the Niniveh Inscriptions character frequency list the
+Hebrew letters "Resh" and "Gimel" seem to be missing, while characters
+marked with [?] may have been used more than once. Characters with
+macrons have been marked in brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a
+letter e with a macron on top. Underscores have been used to indicate
+_italic_ fonts. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has
+been added at the end.]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
+
+FOR
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+VOL. IV.--No. 100. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27. 1851.
+
+Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition 7_d._
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                                Page
+
+
+      Our Hundredth Number                                       217
+
+      NOTES:--
+
+      Notes on the Calendar, by Professor de Morgan              218
+
+      Inedited Letters of Swift                                  218
+
+      Nineveh Inscriptions, by T. J. Buckton                     220
+
+      Inedited Letter of Alfieri                                 222
+
+      Stanzas in Childe Harold                                   223
+
+      Notes on Oxford Edition of Jewel                           225
+
+      Anagrams, by Henry H. Breen                                226
+
+      Folk Lore:--Cure for Hooping Cough--Cure for the
+      Toothache--Medical Use of Pigeons--Obeism                  227
+
+      Notes on Julin, No. II., by K. R. H. Mackenzie             228
+
+      Minor Notes:--Curious Epitaph in Dalkeith Churchyard--Device
+      of SS.--Lord Edward Fitzgerald--The Michaelmas
+      Goose--Gravesend Boats--Scullcups                          230
+
+      QUERIES:--
+
+      Minor Queries:--Equestrian Figure of Elizabeth--Indian
+      Ants--Passage in George Herbert--The King's-way,
+      Wilts--Marriages within ruined Churches--Fees
+      for Inoculation--"Born in the Eighth Climate"--Aubrey
+      de Montdidier's Dog--Sanford's Descensus--Parish
+      Registers--Briefs for Collections--Early Printing
+      Presses--Bootikins--Printers' Privilege--Death of
+      Pitt--"A Little Bird told me"--Baroner--William III.
+      at Exeter--History of Hawick--Johannes Lychtenberger
+      --Lestourgeon the Horologist--Physiological Query--De
+      Grammont's Memoirs--"Frightened out of his Seven
+      Senses"--Fides Carbonaria--Bourchier Family--Warnings
+      to Scotland--Herschel anticipated--Duke of Wellington      231
+
+      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--An Early Printer--"Nimble
+      Ninepence"--Prince Rupert's Balls--Knock
+      under--Freemasons                                          234
+
+      REPLIES:--
+
+      Conquest of Scotland                                       234
+
+      Borough-English                                            235
+
+      Pendulum Demonstration                                     235
+
+      Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor                          235
+
+      Collars of SS.                                             236
+
+      Written Sermons                                            237
+
+      Replies to Minor Queries:--Authoress of "A Residence on
+      the Shores of the Baltic"--Winifreda--Querelle
+      d'Alleman--Coins of Constantius II.--Proverb, what
+      constitutes one?--Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe--Pope's
+      Translations of Horace--M. Lominus, Theologus--Corpse
+      passing makes a Right of Way--Horology--Curfew--"Going
+      the whole Hog"--John Bodley--Language of Ancient
+      Egypt--William Hone--Bensley--John Lilburne--School
+      of the Heart--Sir W. Raleigh in Virginia--Siege
+      of Londonderry--Cowper Law--Decretorum Doctor--Nightingale
+      and Thorn--Carli the Economist--Tale of a Tub--Wyle
+      Cop--Visiting Cards--Absalom's Hair--MS. Book of
+      Sentences--The Winchester Execution--Locke's MSS.--Peal of
+      Bells--Pope's "honest Factor"--Bells in Churches--Passage
+      from Virgil--Duke of Berwick--Nullus and
+      Nemo--Grimsdyke--Coke, how pronounced--Marcus AElius
+      Antoninus                                                  237
+
+      MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     245
+
+      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               245
+
+      Notices to Correspondents                                  246
+
+      Advertisements                                             246
+
+
+
+
+OUR HUNDREDTH NUMBER.
+
+  It is the privilege of age to be garrulous; and as we have this
+  week reached our Hundredth Number--an age to which comparatively
+  few Periodicals ever attain--we may be pardoned if, on thus
+  completing our first _Century of Inventions_, we borrow a few
+  words from the noble author of that well-known work, and beg you,
+  Gentle Reader, "to cast your gracious eye over this summary
+  collection and there to pick and choose:" and when you have done
+  so, to admit that, thanks to the kind assistance of our friends
+  and correspondents, we have not only (like Master Lupton)
+  presented you with _A Thousand Notable Things_, but fulfilled the
+  objects which we proposed in the publication of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES."
+
+  During the hundred weeks our paper has existed we have received
+  from Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Holland, Belgium, and France--from
+  the United States--from India--from Australia--from the West
+  Indies--from almost every one of our Colonies--letters expressive
+  of the pleasure which the writers (many of them obviously scholars
+  "ripe and good," though far removed from the busy world of
+  letters), derive from the perusal of "_Notes and Queries_;" and it
+  is surely a good work to put to students so situated,
+
+          "---- all the learning that our time
+      Can make them the receivers of."
+
+  And, on the other hand, our readers cannot but have noticed how
+  many a pertinent Note, suggestive Query, and apt Reply have
+  reached us from the same remote quarters.
+
+  Our columns have, however, not only thus administered to the
+  intellectual enjoyment of our brethren abroad, but they have
+  rendered good service to men of letters here at home: and We could
+  set forth a goodly list of works of learning and research--from
+  Mr. Cunningham's _Handbook of London Past and Present_, published
+  when we had been but a few months in existence, down to Wyclyffe's
+  _Three Treatises on the Church_, recently edited by the Rev. Dr.
+  Todd--in which the utility of "NOTES AND QUERIES" is publicly
+  recognised in terms which are highly gratifying to us.
+
+  We do not make these statements in any vainglorious spirit. We
+  believe our success is due to the manner in which, thanks to the
+  ready assistance of zealous and learned Friends and
+  Correspondents, we have been enabled to supply a want which all
+  literary men have felt more or less: and believing that the more
+  we are known, and the wider our circulation, the greater will be
+  our usefulness, and the better shall we be enabled to serve the
+  cause we seek to promote. We feel we may fairly invite increased
+  support for "NOTES AND QUERIES" on the grounds of what it has
+  already accomplished.
+
+  And so, wishing ourselves many happy returns of this
+  Centenary--and that you, Gentle Reader, may be spared to enjoy
+  them, We bid you heartily Farewell!
+
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+NOTE ON THE CALENDAR.
+
+What every one learns from the almanac, over and above Easter and its
+consequences for the current year, is that what happens this year is no
+index at all to what will happen next year. And even those who preserve
+their almanacs, and compare them in long series, never have been able,
+so far as I know, to lay hands upon any law connecting the Easters of
+different years, without having had recourse to the very complicated law
+on which the whole calendar is constructed.
+
+Nevertheless there does exist a simple relation which reduces the
+uncertainty in the proportion of five to two; so that by means of one
+past almanac, we may name _two_ Sundays, one or the other of which must
+be Easter Sunday. I have never seen this relation noticed, though I have
+read much (for these days) on the calendar: has any one of your readers
+ever met with it?
+
+Let us make a _cycle_ of the days on which Easter day can fall, so that
+when we come to the last (April 25), we begin again at the first (March
+22). Thus, six days in advance of April 23, comes March 25; seven days
+behind March 24, comes April 21.
+
+The following is the _rule_, after which come two cases of
+_exception_:--
+
+Take any year which is _not_ leap year, then, by passing over _eleven_
+years, we either leave Easter day unaltered, or throw it back a week;
+and it is nearly three to one that we have to leave it unaltered. Thus
+1941 is not leap year, and eleven years more give 1952; both have April
+13 for Easter day; but of 1943 and 1954, the first gives April 25, the
+second April 18.
+
+Take any year which _is_ leap year, then, by passing over _eleven_
+years, we either throw Easter one day forward, or six days back; and it
+is about three to two that it will be thrown forward. Thus 1852 (leap
+year) gives April 11, but 1863 gives April 5.
+
+But when, in passing over eleven years, we pass over 1700, 1800, or any
+Gregorian omission of leap year, the common year takes the rule just
+described for leap year; while, if we begin with leap year, the passage
+over eleven years throws Easter _two_ days forward, or _five_ days back.
+There is another class of single exceptions, occurring at long
+intervals, which it is hardly worth while to examine. The only case
+which occurs between 1582 and 2000, is when the first year is 1970.
+
+Any number of instances may be taken from my _Book of Almanacs_, and the
+general rule may be easily seen to belong also to the old style. Those
+who understand the construction of the calendar will very easily find
+the explanation of the whole.
+
+    A. DE MORGAN.
+
+
+INEDITED LETTERS OF SWIFT.
+
+  [By the great kindness of a correspondent who has placed at our
+  disposal two hitherto inedited letters written by Swift, we are
+  enabled to present the following literal copies of them to our
+  readers.
+
+  They are obviously addressed to Frances Lady Worsley, only
+  daughter of Thomas Lord Viscount Weymouth, and wife of Sir Robert
+  Worsley, Baronet, and the mother of Lady Carteret. In Sir Walter
+  Scott's edition of Swift's _Works_ (vol. xvii. p. 302.) will be
+  found one letter from the Dean of St. Patrick to Lady Worsely; and
+  in vol. xviii. p. 26. is the letter from that lady to the Dean
+  which accompanied the escritoire alluded to in the second of the
+  two letters which we now print. This appears from Swift's
+  endorsement of it--"Lady Worsley, with a present of a writing-box
+  japanned by herself."]
+
+"Madam,--It is now three years and a half since I had the Honor to see
+Your Ladyship, and I take it very ill that You have not finished my Box
+above a Month. But this is allways the way that You Ladyes treat your
+adorers in their absence. However upon Mrs. Barber's account I will
+pardon You, because she tells me it is the handsomest piece of work she
+ever saw; and because you have accepted the honor to be one of her
+protectors, and are determined to be one of her principall recommenders
+and encouragers. I am in some doubt whether envy had not a great share
+in your work, for you were I suppose informed that my Lady Carteret had
+made for me with her own hands the finest box in Ireland; upon which you
+grew jealous, and resolved to outdo her by making for me the finest box
+in England; for so Mrs. Barber assures me. In short, I am quite
+overloaden with favors from Your Ladyship and your Daughter; and what is
+worse, those loads will lye upon my Shoulders as long as I live. But I
+confess my self a little ungrateful, because I cannot deny Your Ladyship
+to have been the most constant of all my Goddesses, as I am the most
+constant of all your Worshippers. I hope the Carterets and the Worsleys
+are all happy and in health, and You are obliged to let Sir Robert
+Worsley know that I am his most humble Servant; but You need say nothing
+of my being so long his Rival. I hear my friend Harry is returning from
+the fiery Zone, I hope with more money than he knows what to do with;
+but whether his vagabond Spirit will ever fix is a question. I beg your
+Ladyship will prevail on S'r Robert Worsley to give me a Vicarage in the
+Isle of Wight; for I am weary of living at such a distance from You. It
+need not be above forty pounds a year.
+
+"As to Mrs. Barber, I can assure you she is but one of four Poetesses in
+this town, and all Citizens' wives; but she has the vogue of being the
+best: yet one of them is a Scholar, and hath published a new edition of
+Tacitus, with a Latin dedication to My Lord Carteret.
+
+"I require that Your Ladyship shall still preserve me some little corner
+in your memory; and do not think to put me off onely with a Box, which I
+can assure you will not contribute in the least to[1] ... my esteem and
+regard for Your Ladyship.... I have been always, and shall ever remain,
+
+      "Madam,
+
+      "Your Lady ...
+
+      "Obedient and ...
+      humble...
+      JON'N....
+
+"Dublin, May 1're, 1731."
+
+  [Footnote 1: A small portion of the original letter has been lost.]
+
+  [As Lady Worsley's letter serves to explain several allusions in
+  Swift's letters, and is obviously the one to which the second
+  letter we print is the reply, we here insert it.]
+
+"August 6th, 1732.
+
+"Sir,--I flatter myself, that if you had received my last letter, you
+would have favoured me with an answer; therefore I take it for granted
+it is lost.
+
+"I was so proud of your commands, and so fearful of being supplanted by
+my daughter, that I went to work immediately, that her box might not
+keep her in your remembrance, while there was nothing to put you in mind
+of an old friend and humble servant. But Mrs. Barber's long stay here
+(who promised me to convey it to you) has made me appear very negligent.
+I doubt not but you think me unworthy of the share (you once told me) I
+had in your heart. I am yet vain enough to think I deserve it better
+than all those flirting girls you coquet with. I will not yield (even)
+to _dirty Patty_, whom I was the most jealous of when you were last
+here. What if I am a great-grandmother, I can still distinguish your
+merit from all the rest of the world; but it is not consistent with your
+good-breeding to put one in mind of it, therefore I am determined not to
+use my interest with Sir Robert for a living in the Isle of Wight[2],
+though nothing else could reconcile me to the place. But if I could make
+you Archbishop of Canterbury, I should forget my resentments, for the
+sake of the flock, who very much want a careful shepherd. Are we to have
+the honour of seeing you, or not? I have fresh hopes given me; but I
+dare not please myself too much with them, lest I should be again
+disappointed. If I had it as much in my power as my inclination to serve
+Mrs. Barber, she should not be kept thus long attending; but I hope her
+next voyage may prove more successful. She is just come in, and tells me
+you have sprained your foot, which will prevent your journey till next
+summer; but assure yourself the Bath is the only infallible cure for
+such an accident. If you have any regard remaining for me, you will shew
+it by taking my advice; if not, I will endeavour to forget you, if I
+can. But, till that doubt is cleared, I am as much as ever, the Dean's
+
+      "Obedient humble Servant,
+
+      "F. WORSLEY."
+
+  [Footnote 2: Where her husband, Sir Robert Worsley, possessed the
+  estate of Appuldercombe.]
+
+"Madam,--I will never tell, but I will always remember how many years
+have run out since I had first the honor and happiness to be known to
+Your Ladyship, which however I have a thousand times wished to have
+never happened, since it was followed by the misfortune of being
+banished from You for ever. I believe you are the onely Lady in England
+that for a thousand years past hath so long remembered a useless friend
+in absence, which is too great a load of favor for me and all my
+gratitude to support.
+
+"I can faithfully assure your Ladyship that I never received from You
+more than one letter since I saw you last; and that I sent you a long
+answer. I often forget what I did yesterday, or what passed half an hour
+ago; and yet I can well remember a hundred particulars in Your
+Ladyship's company. This is the memory of those who grow old. I have no
+room left for new Ideas. I am offended with one passage in Your
+Ladyship's letter; but I will forgive You, because I do not believe the
+fact, and all my acquaintance here joyn with me in my unbelief. You make
+excuses for not sooner sending me the most agreeable present that ever
+was made, whereas it is agreed by all the curious and skilfull of both
+sexes among us, that such a piece of work could not be performed by the
+most dextrous pair of hands and finest eyes in Christendom, in less than
+a year and a half, at twelve hours a day. Yet Mrs. Barber, corrupted by
+the obligations she hath to you, would pretend that I over reckon six
+months, and six hours a day. Be that as it will, our best virtuosi are
+unanimous that the Invention exceeds, if possible, the work itself. But
+to all these praises I coldly answer, that although what they say be
+perfectly true, or indeed below the truth, yet if they had ever seen or
+conversed with Your Ladyship as I have done, they would have thought
+this escritoire a very poor performance from such hands, such eyes, and
+such an imagination. To speak my own thoughts, the work itself does not
+delight me more than the little cares you were pleased to descend to in
+contriving ways to have it conveyed so far without damage, whereof it
+received not the least from without; what there was came from within;
+for one of the little rings that lifts a drawer for wax, hath touched a
+part of one of the Pictures, and made a mark as large as the head of a
+small pin; but it touches onely an end of a cloud; and yet I have been
+carefull to twist a small thread of silk round that wicked ring, who
+promiseth to do so no more.
+
+"Your Ladyship wrongs me in saying that I twitted you with being a
+great-grandmother. I was too prudent and carefull of my own credit to
+offer the least hint upon that head, while I was conscious that I might
+have been great-grandfather to you.
+
+"I beg you, Madam, that there may be no quarrells of jealousy between
+Your Ladyship and My Lady Carteret: I set her at work by the authority I
+claymed over her as your daughter. The young woman showed her
+readynesse, and performed very well for a new beginner, and deserves
+encouragement. Besides, she filled the Chest with Tea, whereas you did
+not send me a single pen, a stick of wax, or a drop of Ink; for all
+which I must bear the charge out of my own pocket. And after all if Your
+Ladyship were not by I would say that My Lady Carteret's Box (as you
+disdainfully call it instead of a Tea-chest) is a most beautiful piece
+of work, and is oftener used than yours, because it is brought down for
+tea after dinner among Ladyes, whereas my escritoire never stirrs out of
+my closet, but when it is brought for a sight. Therefore I again desire
+there may be no family quarrells upon my account.
+
+"As to Patty Blount, you wrong her very much. She was a neighbor's
+child, a good Catholick, an honest Girl, and a tolerable Courtier at
+Richmond. I deny she was dirty, but a little careless, and sometimes
+wore a ragged gown, when she and I took long walks. She saved her money
+in summer onely to be able to keep a Chair at London in winter: this is
+the worst you can say; and she might have a whole coat to her back if
+her good nature did not make her a fool to her mother and sanctifyed
+sister Teresa. And she was the onely Girl I coquetted in the whole half
+year that I lived with Mr. Pope in Twitenham, whatever evil tongues
+might have informed your Ladyship, in hopes to set you against me. And
+after this usage, if I accept the Archbishoprick of Canterbury from your
+Ladyship's hands, I think you ought to acknowledge it as a favor.
+
+"Are you not weary, Madam? Have you patience to read all this? I am
+bringing back past times; I imagine myself talking with you as I used to
+do; but on a sudden I recollect where I am sitting, banished to a
+country of slaves and beggars; my blood soured, my spirits sunk,
+fighting with Beasts like St. Paul, not at Ephesus, but in Ireland.
+
+"I am not of your opinion, that the flocks (in either Kingdom) want
+better Shepherds; for, as the French say, 'a tels brebis tel pasteur:'
+and God be thanked that I have no flock at all, so that I neither can
+corrupt nor be corrupted.
+
+"I never saw any person so full of acknowledgment as Mrs. Barber is for
+Your Ladyship's continued favors to her, nor have I known any person of
+a more humble and gratefull spirit than her, or who knows better how to
+distinguish the Persons by whom she is favored. But I will not honor
+myself so far, or dishonor you so much, as to think I can add the least
+weight to your own naturall goodness and generosity.
+
+"You must, as occasion serves, Present my humble respects to My Lord and
+Lady Carteret, and my Lady Dysert, and to S'r Robert Worsley.
+
+"I am, and shall be ever, with the truest respect, esteem, and
+gratitude,
+
+      "Madam,
+
+      "Your Ladyship's most obedient
+          and most humble Servant,
+
+      "JONATH. SWIFT.
+
+"Dublin, Nov. 4're, 1732.
+
+"I know not where my old friend Harry Worsley is, but I am his most
+humble servant."
+
+  [On the back of the Letter is the following Postscript.]
+
+"Madam,--I writ this Letter two months ago, and was to send it by Mrs.
+Barber; but she falling ill of the gout, and I deferring from day to
+day, expecting her to mend, I was at last out of patience. I have sent
+it among others by a private hand.
+
+"I wish Your Ladyship and all your family many happy new years.
+
+"Jan. 8'e, 1732."
+
+
+NINEVEH INSCRIPTIONS.
+
+The accumulation of these treasures in London and Paris, leads to the
+belief that they will soon be decyphered. The following remarks are
+offered in promotion of so desirable an object. It must be premised that
+a printer, when requiring type from the type-founder for English books,
+does not order the same quantity for each letter; but, according to a
+scale adapted to the requirements of printing, he orders only so many of
+each letter as he is likely to use. That scale may be nearly represented
+in the following way: the letter _z_ being the one least used in
+English, he will require
+
+      Twice the number of letter z for letter x
+      Twice also     --              --       j
+       2-1/2 times   --              --       q
+       4      "      --              --       k
+       6      "      --              --       v
+       8      "      --              --       b
+       8-1/2  "      --              --       p
+       8-1/2  "      --              --       g
+      10      "      --              --       y
+      10      "      --              --       w
+      15      "      --              --       m
+      15      "      --              --       c
+      17      "      --              --       u
+      20-1/2  "      --              --       l
+      21      "      --              --       f
+      22      "      --              --       d
+      31      "      --              --       r
+      32      "      --              --       h
+      40      "      --              --       s
+      40      "      --              --       n
+      40      "      --              --       o
+      41-1/2  "      --              --       i
+      42-1/2  "      --              --       a
+      45      "      --              --       t
+      60      "      --              --       e
+
+Suppose now a person to write English in cypher, using unknown
+characters for the well-known letters; it would be easy to decypher his
+writing, _if of sufficient length_ to make the general rule acted on in
+the printing trade applicable. The decypherer, by selecting each
+distinct unknown character, and numbering them respectively, would find
+that the character oftenest occurring was _e_, the next oftenest _t_,
+and so on to the character having the lowest number, being least used,
+which would of course be _z_. Persons accustomed to decypher European
+correspondence for diplomatic purposes, will pronounce best on the
+practicability of this method for the decyphering of modern languages.
+
+It is proposed then to apply the same method in the several languages
+_supposed_ nearest of kin to that of the Nineveh inscriptions. Without
+entering into the reasons for that opinion, it may suffice, for the
+present purpose of illustration, to assume that the language of these
+inscriptions is Chaldee. To apply this method the numbers of each letter
+occurring in the Targum of Onkelos on Genesis, or the whole Pentateuch,
+should be taken. This enumeration has been made as regards the Hebrew
+(see Bagster's _Family Bible_, at the end of Deuteronomy). The readiest
+mode of effecting such enumeration would be to employ twenty-two persons
+knowing the Chaldee letters, and to assign a letter to each, calling out
+to them each letter as it occurred in Onkelos, whilst each person kept
+count of his own letter on a tally, and summing up the total gave in the
+result to the reader _at the end of each chapter_. This would be
+necessary with a view to ascertain what _quantity_ of unknown
+inscription was required to evolve the rule, as the proposed method is
+clearly inapplicable when the quantity of matter to be decyphered is
+inconsiderable.
+
+Having gone over sufficient ground to satisfy himself of the
+_certainty_ of the rule, the decypherer would next count the
+numbers of each distinct character in all the cuneiform
+inscriptions accessible to him, making allowance for _final_
+letters, also for vowel points which may be attached to the
+character, as in Ethiopic. Assuming the rule in Chaldee to be the
+same as in Hebrew (it is in fact very different), he would find
+the character oftenest occurring in the Nineveh inscriptions to be
+[Hebrew: Vav], the next [Hebrew: Mem], the rest in the following
+order as to frequency of occurrence, [Hebrew: Yod], [Hebrew: Tav],
+[Hebrew: Kaf], [Hebrew: He], [Hebrew: Alef], [Hebrew: Nun],
+[Hebrew: Lamed]; [Hebrew: Bet ?], [Hebrew: Dalet ?], [Hebrew:
+Shin], [Hebrew: Bet ?], [Hebrew: Het ?], [Hebrew: Qof], [Hebrew:
+Zayin], [Hebrew: Pe], [Hebrew: Dalet ?], [Hebrew: Tsadi], [Hebrew:
+Ayin], [Hebrew: Samekh], [Hebrew: Tet]; the first letter, [Hebrew:
+Vav], _vau_, occurring nearly seven times as often as [Hebrew:
+Tet], _teth_. The order of the letters would, in fact, vary much
+from this in Chaldee; the servile letters being different would
+alone much disturb the assumed order, actually ascertained
+nevertheless, as respects the Hebrew letters, in the five books of
+Moses. One word as to the order in which the several languages
+should be experimented on. The Chaldee would be the first, and
+next in succession, (2) the Syriac, (3) the Ethiopic, (4) the
+Arabic, (5) the Hebrew (_die jungste Schwester_[3]), and (6) the
+Pehlvi. The Indo-European languages would, in case of failure in
+the above, claim next attention: of these first the _Zend_, next
+(2) the Sanscrit, then (3) the Armenian, &c. &c.
+
+  [Footnote 3: Adelung in _Mithridates_.]
+
+The resemblance of many of the characters on the Babylonian
+bricks, as well as on the stones of Nineveh, is very great to the
+characters known in our Bibles as Hebrew, but which are in fact
+not Hebrew but Chaldee, and were introduced by the Jews subsequent
+to their Babylonish captivity: the original Hebrew character was
+that still existing on coins, and nearly approximates in many
+respects to the Samaritan character. In some MSS. collated by
+Kennicott, he found the tetragrammaton "Jehovah" written in this
+ancient character, whilst the rest was Chaldee. The characteristic
+of the unknown letters is their resemblance to nails, to
+arrow-heads, and to wedges, from which, indeed, they are commonly
+designated. In the Chaldee (the Hebrew of our Bibles) this is also
+strikingly visible, notwithstanding the effect of time in wearing
+down the arridges: thus, in the oftenest recurring letter,
+[Hebrew: Vav], in the left leg of the [Hebrew: Tav], in [Hebrew:
+Ayin], in [Hebrew: Tsadi], in [Hebrew: Tet], in [Hebrew: Nun], in
+[Hebrew: Mem], and especially in [Hebrew: Shin], the cuneiform
+type is most clearly traceable. One of the unknown characters,
+[Shin-like Symbol], seems almost identical with [Hebrew: Shin],
+allowance being made for the cursive form which written characters
+assume after centuries of use.
+
+The horn is very conspicuous on the heads of men in the Nineveh (Asshur)
+sculptures, still, as a fashion, retained in Ethiopia (Cush,
+Abyssinia[4]), the origin of the Chaldeans, through Nimrod the Cushite
+(Gen. x. 8.), who probably derived their chief sustenance from the river
+Tigris (Hiddekel). Subsistence from (1) fishing, (2) hunting (_e.g._
+Nimrod), (3) grazing, and (4) agriculture, seems to have succeeded in
+the order named. The repeated appearance of _fish_ on the same
+sculptures, is in allusion, doubtless, to the name Nineveh (= fish +
+habitation); and their worship of the half-man, half-fish (the fabulous
+mermaid or merman), to which many of the _Cetaceae_ bear a close
+resemblance (the sea-horse for example), common with them and the
+Phoenicians (in the latter tongue named Dagon), is probably allusive, in
+their symbolic style, to the abstract notion of _fecundity_, so general
+an element of veneration in all the known mythological religions of
+ancient and modern times. See Nahum _passim_.
+
+  [Footnote 4: Alexander the Great adopted the horns as Jupiter
+  Ammon. See Vincent's _Periplus of the Erythrean Sea_, and
+  frontispiece. The women of Lebanon have, it appears, retained the
+  fashion. See _Pict. Bible_ on Zech. i. 18.]
+
+From an attentive examination of these monuments in the British Museum,
+it appears highly probable that the writing is from left to right, as in
+the Ethiopic and Coptic, and in the Indo-European family generally, and
+is the reverse of all the other Shemitic tongues. This inference is
+derived from the fact that each line (with few exceptions) ranges with
+those above and below, as in a printed book, perpendicularly on the
+_left_, and breaks off on the _right_ hand, as at the termination of a
+sentence, whilst some of the characters seem to stretch beyond the usual
+line of limit to the right, as if the sculptor had made the common error
+of not having _quite_ space enough for a word not divisible.
+
+The daguerreotype might be advantageously used in copying all the
+inscriptions yet discovered, of each of which three or four copies
+should be taken, to obviate mistakes and accidents. These being brought
+to England and carefully examined by the microscope, should be legibly
+engraved and stereotyped, and sent to all the linguists of Europe and
+elsewhere, and copies should also be deposited in all public libraries.
+
+A comparison of the twelve cursive letters in Mr. Layard's _Nineveh_,
+vol. ii. p. 166., with Buettner's tables at the end of the first volume
+of Eichhorn's _Einleitung in das Alte Testament_ (Leipzic, 1803), has
+led to an unexpected result. The particular table with which the
+comparison was instituted, is No. II. Class i. Phoenician, col. 2.,
+headed "Palaestinae in nummis;" any person therefore can verify it. This
+result is the following reading in the proper Chaldee character:--
+
+      [Hebrew: RaBKaLBeNO--VeSheeSh--DiN]
+      RaBKaLBeNO--VeSheeSh--DiN.
+
+The meaning is "_Rabbi_ (Mr.) _Kalbeno_"--"_And six_"--"_Judge_."
+Perhaps Kalbeno should be Albeno, the initial letter being obscure. The
+above is put forth as a curious coincidence, not by any means with the
+certainty which a much more extended examination than a dozen letters
+can afford.
+
+    T. J. BUCKTON.
+
+  Lichfield.
+
+
+INEDITED LETTER OF ALFIERI.
+
+  [The circumstances which led to Alfieri's hasty retreat from
+  England in 1771, and to Lord Ligonier's successful application for
+  a divorce, are doubtless familiar to all who have read the very
+  amusing Autobiography of the Italian poet. At all events we must
+  presume so, as they are scarcely of a nature to be reproduced in
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES." Twenty years after that event, when about to
+  embark for the Continent with the Countess of Albany, Alfieri, as
+  he was stepping on board the packet, saw again for the first time
+  since 1771 Lady Ligonier, who was on the quay. They recognised
+  each other, but that was all.
+
+  Alfieri, after describing this event in the 21st chapter of his
+  Autobiography, proceeds:--"Si arrivo a Calais; di dove io molto
+  colpito di quella vista cosi inespettata le volli scrivere per
+  isfogo del cuore, e mandai la mia lettera al Banchiere de Douvres,
+  che glie la rimettesse in proprie mani, e me ne trasmettesse poi
+  la risposta a Bruxelles, dove sarei stato fra pochi giorni. _La
+  mia lettera, di cui mi spiace di non aver serbato copia_ era
+  certamente piena d' affetti, non gia d' amore, ma di una vera e
+  profonda commozione di vederla ancora menare una vita errante e si
+  poco decorosa al suo stato e nascita, e di dolore che io ne
+  sentiva tanto piu pensando di esserne io stato ancorche
+  innocentement o li cagione o li pretesto."
+
+  The original letter of Alfieri (which we presume he would have
+  inserted in his Autobiography, had he kept a copy of it, seeing
+  that he has there printed Lady Ligonier's reply) is in the
+  possession of a nobleman, a relative of the unfortunate lady; and
+  we are enabled by the kindness of a correspondent to lay before
+  our readers the following copy of it.
+
+  How far it bears out the writer's description of it we do not stop
+  to ask; but certainly if the reader will take the trouble to turn
+  to the conclusion of the chapter to which we have referred, we
+  think he cannot fail to be struck with the difference between the
+  terms in which the quondam lover writes _of_ the lady, and those
+  which he addresses _to_ her in the following Epistle.[5]]
+
+  [Footnote 5: In the only edition of the _Vita_ (12mo. 1809) to
+  which we have an opportunity of referring, this event is
+  represented as occurring in 1791: it will be seen that it really
+  took place in 1792. The lady's reply is there dated (tom. ii. p.
+  193.) "Dover, 25th _April_," instead of 24th _August_.]
+
+"Calais, Mercredi, 24 Aout, 1792.
+
+"Madam,--Mon silence en vous revoyant apres vingt annees d'absence, a
+ete le fruit de l'etonnement, et non pas de l'indifference. C'est un
+sentiment qui m'est inconnu pour les personnes qui m'ont interesse une
+fois, et pour vous surtout, dont j'ai a me reprocher toute ma vie
+d'avoir ete la principale cause de toutes vos vicissitudes. Si j'avois
+eu le courage de m'approcher de vous, ma langue n'auroit certainement
+jamais retrouve d'expression pour vous rendre tous les mouvemens
+tumultueux de mon ame et de mon coeur a cette apparition si subite et si
+momentanee. Je n'aurois trouve que des larmes pour vous dire tout ce que
+je sentais; et en vous le tracant confusement sur ce papier, elles
+viennent encore m'interrompre. Ce n'est pourtant pas de l'amour qui me
+parle pour vous, mais c'est un melange de sentimens si tendres, de
+souvenirs, de regrets, et d'inquietude pour votre sort present et
+future, que vous pouvez seule comprendre ou diviner. Je n'ai dans le
+cours de ces vingt ans jamais scu au juste de vos nouvelles. Un mariage
+d'inclination que j'appris que vous aviez fait, devoit faire votre
+bonheur. J'apprends a present que cela n'a pas rempli vos esperances: je
+m'en afflige pour vous. Au nom de Dieu, faites-moi seulement scavoir si
+vous etes heureuse au moins; c'est la l'objet de mes voeux les plus
+ardents. Je ne vous parle point de moi; je ne scais pas si mon sort peut
+vous interesser de meme; je vous dirai seulement que l'age ne me corrige
+point du defaut de trop sentir; que, malgre cela, je suis aussi heureux
+que je puis l'etre, et que rien ne manqueroit a ma felicite, si je vous
+scavois contente et heureuse. Mais au cas que cela ne soit pas,
+adoucissez-moi du moins l'amertume de cette nouvelle en me disant
+expressement que ce n'est point moi qui en ai ete la cause, et que vous
+ne desesperez pas d'etre encore heureuse et d'accord avec vous-meme.
+
+"Je finis, parce que j'aurois trop de choses a vous dire, et que ma
+lettre deviendroit plustot celle d'un pere, que celle d'un ancien amant.
+Mais la cause de mes paroles etant dans le sensibilite de mon coeur, je
+ne doute point que la sensibilite du votre, dont j'ai ete convaincu, ne
+les recoive avec indulgence, et avec un reste d'affection que je n'ai
+pas merite de perdre de votre part. Si vous voulez donc me dire quelque
+chose de vous, et que ma lettre ne vous a point deplu, vous pouvez
+addresser votre reponse a Bruxelles, poste restante. Si vous ne jugez
+point a-propos de me repondre, faites seulement scavoir a la personne
+qui vous fera remettre celle-ci, que vous l'avez recue. Cela me
+consolera un peu de la douleur que m'a cause le retracement subit de vos
+infortunes, que votre vue a toute reveillees dans mon ame. Adieu, donc,
+adieu.
+
+  "VITTORIO ALFIERI."
+
+
+STANZAS IN "CHILDE HAROLD."
+
+There is a famous passage in one of Lord Byron's most famous poems,
+which I am ashamed to confess that, though I am English born, and a
+constant reader of poetry, I cannot clearly understand. It seems to
+present no difficulties to anybody else, for it has been quoted a
+thousand times over and over, without any intimation that it is not as
+clear as light. It is in the sublime Address to the Ocean at the end of
+Canto IV. of _Childe Harold_, stanza 182.:
+
+      "Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee--
+      Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage, what are they?
+      Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since; their shores obey
+      The stranger, slave, or savage; their decay
+      Has dried up realms to deserts:--not so thou,
+      Unchangeable save to thy wild waves' play--
+      Time writes no wrinkle on thine azure brow--
+      Such as creation's dawn beheld, thou rollest now."
+
+I have copied out to the end of the stanza; for in fact it is not easy
+to stop the pen when copying such stanzas as these: but my business is
+with the fourth and fifth lines only. In the fourth line, as you will
+observe, a semicolon is inserted after the word "since." I find it there
+in the first edition of the fourth canto of _Childe Harold_, published
+in 1818; it is there in the standard edition of Lord Byron's _Works_,
+issued by Murray about 1832; it is there in the splendid illustrated
+edition of _Childe Harold_ published by Murray in 1841,--one of the
+finest books of the kind, if not the finest, that has yet done honour to
+the English press. This punctuation is found, therefore, in the earliest
+edition that was issued, and in those on which the most care has been
+bestowed. Yet what is the sense which the lines thus punctuated present?
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them [_i.e._ the empires] while
+          they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since."
+
+They waters wasted many a tyrant? How, in the name of wonder? What sort
+of an occupation is this to assign to the majestic ocean? Does the poet
+mean to assert that anciently it wasted empires, and now it only wastes
+individuals. Absurd! Yet such is the only meaning, as far as I see,
+that can be assigned to the lines as they stand.
+
+If the punctuation be altered, that is, if the semicolon after "since"
+be removed, and a comma placed at the end of the line, the whole becomes
+luminous:
+
+      "Thy waters wasted them while they were free,
+      And many a tyrant since their shores obey."
+
+That is (I beg pardon if I am unnecessarily explanatory), "The waters
+wasted these empires while they were free, and since they have been
+enslaved,"--an apt illustration of that indifference to human affairs
+which the poet is attributing to the ocean. The words, "the stranger,
+slave, or savage," which follow in the next line, are to be taken in
+connexion with the phrase "many a tyrant," and as an enumeration of the
+different sorts of tyrants to which these unhappy empires have been
+subjected.
+
+This is my view of the sense of this famous passage: if any of your
+correspondents can point out a better, I can only say "candidus
+imperti," &c.
+
+There was a very elaborate article on Lord Byron's Address to the Ocean
+in _Blackwood's Magazine_ for October, 1848; but the writer, who
+dissects it almost line by line, has somehow, as is the wont of
+commentators, happened to pass over the difficulty which stands right in
+his way. To make up for this, however, he contrives to find new
+difficulties of his own. The following is a specimen:
+
+  "Recite," he says, "the stanza beginning,
+
+      'Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee;'
+
+  and when the sonorous roll has subsided, try to understand it. You
+  will find some difficulty, if we mistake not, in knowing who or
+  what is the apostrophized subject. Unquestionably the world's
+  ocean, and not the Mediterranean. The very last verse we were far
+  in the Atlantic:
+
+      'Thy shores are empires.'
+
+  "The shores of the world's ocean are empires. There are, or have
+  been, the British empire, the German empire, the Russian empire,
+  and the empire of the Great Mogul, the Chinese empire, the empire
+  of Morocco, the four great empires of antiquity, the French
+  empire, and some others. The poet does not intend names and things
+  in this very strict way, however," &c.
+
+What empires the poet _did_ mean there is surely no difficulty in
+discovering, for those who wish to understand rather than to cavil. The
+very next line to that quoted is--
+
+      "_Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage,_ what are they?"
+
+and it would require some hardihood to assert that these empires were
+not on the shores of the Mediterranean.
+
+After all, the best commentators are translators: they are obliged to
+take the difficulties by the horns. I find, in a translation of Byron's
+_Works_ published at Pforzheim in 1842, the lines thus rendered by Dr.
+Duttenhofer:
+
+      "Du bleibst, ob Reiche schwinden an den Kuesten,--
+      Assyrien, Hellas, Rom, Carthago--schwand,
+      Die _freien_ koennte Wasserfluth verwuesten
+      Wie die Tyrannen; es gehorcht der Strand
+      Dem Fremdling, Sclaven, Wilden," &c.
+
+Duttenhofer has here taken the text as he found it, and has given it as
+much meaning as he could; but alas for those who are compelled to take
+their notion of the poetry of _Childe Harold_ from his German, instead
+of the original English! There is one passage in which the reader finds
+this reflection driven hard upon him. Who is there that does not know
+Byron's stanza on the Dying Gladiator, when, speaking of
+
+      "The inhuman shout which hail'd the wretch who won,"
+
+he adds, in lines which will be read _till_ Homer and Virgil are
+forgotten:
+
+      "He heard it, but he heeded not--his eyes
+      Were with his heart, and that was far away;
+      He reck'd not of the life he lost nor prize,
+      But where his rude hut by the Danube lay,
+      _There_ were his young barbarians all at play,
+      _There_ was their Dacian mother--he, their sire,
+      Butcher'd to make a Roman holiday--
+      All this gush'd with his blood--shall he expire
+      And unavenged? Arise, ye Goths! and glut your ire!"
+
+There are two phrases in this stanza which seem to me to have never been
+surpassed: "young barbarians," and "all this _gushed with his blood_."
+How inimitable is "young barbarians!" The "curiosa felicitas" of Horace
+never carried him farther,--or perhaps so far. Herr Duttenhofer contents
+himself by saying--
+
+                        "fern am Donaustrand
+      Sind seine Kinder, freuend sich am Spiel."
+
+"Afar on the shore of the Danube are _his children_, diverting
+themselves at play." Good heavens! is this translation, and German
+translation too, of which we have heard so much? Again:
+
+                          "wie sein Blut
+      Hinfliesst, denkt er an dies."
+
+"As his blood flows away, he thinks of this!" What could Herr
+Duttenhofer be thinking of?
+
+To my surprise, on turning to the passage this moment in Byron's poems,
+I find it stands--
+
+      "All this _rush'd_ with his blood,"
+
+instead of "_gush'd_." It is so in the original edition, in the _Works_,
+and in the splendid edition of 1841, all three. Can there be any doubt
+of the superiority of "gush'd?" To me there seems none; and, singularly
+enough, it so happens that twice in conversation with two of the most
+distinguished writers of this age--one a prosaist and the other a poet,
+whose names I wish I were at liberty to mention--I have had occasion to
+quote this passage, and they both agreed with me in ascribing the
+highest degree of poetical excellence to the use of this very word. I
+wish I could believe myself the author of such an improvement; but I
+have certainly somewhere seen the line printed as I have given it; very
+possibly in Ebenezer Elliott the Corn-law Rhymer's _Lectures on Poetry_,
+in which I distinctly remember that he quoted the stanza.
+
+    T. W.
+
+
+"NOTES" ON THE OXFORD EDITION OF BISHOP JEWEL'S WORKS.
+
+I send, with some explanation, a few Notes, taken from among others that
+I had marked in my copy of the edition of Bishop Jewel's Works, issued
+by the Oxford university press, 8 vols. 8vo. 1848.
+
+Vol. ii. p. 352., l. 6., has, in Jewel's _Reply to Harding's Answer_,
+Article v., "Of Real Presence," seventh division, the following: "And
+therefore St. Paul saith, 'That I live now, I live in the flesh of the
+Son of God.'" To this the following is appended by the Oxford editor:
+
+  "[Galatians ii. 20 '... And the life which I now live in the flesh
+  I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me, and gave
+  himself for me?' It cannot be denied that Jewel is here guilty, to
+  say the least, of very unjustifiable carelessness.]"
+
+The true state of the case is, that Bishop Jewel, in the original _Reply
+to Harding_, published in his lifetime, 1565, had given the text with
+entire correctness--"That I live now in the flesh, I live in the faith
+of the Son of God:" but this, long after the Bishop's death, was
+misprinted in the editions of 1609 and 1611. The Oxford Jewel, moreover,
+of 1848 does not even profess to follow the editions of 1609 and 1611;
+and it is stated, vol. i. p. 130., that "this edition of the Reply in
+passing through the press has been collated with the original one of
+1565." Still in this vital case, where the very question was, what Jewel
+himself had written, it is plain that the early edition of 1565 was
+never consulted. The roughness of the censure might surely in any case
+have been spared. It may be noted (vol. viii. p. 195. Oxf. edit.), that
+Jewel in 1568 wrote to Archbishop Parker: "I beseech your grace to give
+strait orders that the Latin Apology be not printed again in any case,
+before either your grace or some other have well perused it. _I am
+afraid of printers: their tyranny is intolerable._"
+
+In vol. iv. p. 92., l. 1. _et seq._, in the _Recapitulation of Jewel's
+Apology_, the words of the original Latin, "quid de Spiritu sancto,"
+marked in the following extract by Italics, are omitted in the Oxford
+edition "Exposuimus tibi universam rationem religionis nostrae, quid de
+Deo Patre, quid de ejus unico Filio Jesu Christo, _quid de Spiritu
+sancto_, quid de ecclesia, quid de sacramentis ... sentiamus." And in
+vol. vi. p. 523., l. 6., where Bishop Jewel gives that passage as
+rendered by Lady Bacon, namely: "We have declared at large unto you the
+very whole manner of our religion, what our opinion is of God the
+Father, and of his only Son Jesus Christ, _of the Holy Ghost_, of the
+church, of the sacrament," the following is appended:--
+
+  "[In the Latin Apology no words occur here relating to the Third
+  Person of the Blessed Trinity.]"
+
+A similar notice is also given in vol. viii. p. 385.--The fact is, that
+the words "quid de Spiritu sancto" do occur in the Latin Apology, 1562,
+which was the first edition of that work, and, so far as I am aware, the
+only edition printed in Jewel's life, from which too the Oxford reprint
+professes to be taken, and a copy of which any one can consult in the
+British Museum. Those words will also be found, within six or eight
+pages of the end, in the various later editions, as for example those of
+Vautrollier, London, 1581; Forster, Amberg, 1606; Boler, London, 1637;
+and Dring, London, 1692 (which are in my own possession); as also in the
+editions of Bowier, 1584; Chard, 1591; and Hatfield, London, 1599. The
+editions of Jewel's works printed in 1609 and 1611, edited by Fuller,
+under the sanction of Archbishop Bancroft, did not contain the Latin
+Apology. There is not a shadow of authority for the omission. All the
+modern reprints too, with which I am acquainted, only excepting a small
+edition printed at Cambridge, 1818, p. 140., give the words in question.
+It would seem that the Oxford editor must have used the very inaccurate
+reprint of 1818, for supplying copy for the printer[6]; and reference
+either to that first edition of 1562, which the reprint of 1848
+professes to follow, or to any early edition, even in this case, where
+the context clearly requires the omitted words, was neglected.
+
+  [Footnote 6: I have observed another error in the Cambridge
+  edition, 1818, p. 115., last line but five, "domum manere" instead
+  of the original and classical reading, "domi manere." That
+  misprint of 1818 is followed by the Oxford edition of 1848, vol.
+  iv. p. 77. l. 12., Apol. pars vi. cap. 8. div. 1.]
+
+I have said that the Oxford Jewel of 1848 professes to follow the Latin
+Apology of 1562, as a copy of the Latin title, with the date 1562, is
+prefixed to the Oxford edition, vol. iv. p. 1.: but the colophon
+appended to that reprint, p. 95., is strangely dated 1567. Was there any
+Latin edition of the Apology printed in that year? And, if so, why are
+different dates given for the title and colophon of the Oxford reprint?
+One can only conclude that the date 1567 is itself an error.
+
+The following is printed in vol. viii. p. 290., l. 11., from Lady
+Bacon's translation of Jewel's Apology, 1564, part ii. ch. 7. div. 5.:
+"As touching the Bishop of Rome, for all his parasites state and ringly
+sing those words in his ears, 'To thee will I give the keys of the
+kingdom of heaven,'" &c. This case is different from those mentioned
+above, in the respect that the words "state and ringly" do occur in the
+printed edition of 1564; but it scarcely need be observed that the words
+"state & ringly" are a misprint for "flatteringly," when it is added
+that Jewel himself, in his revised edition of Lady Bacon's translation,
+in the _Defence of the Apology_, 1567 and 1570, reads: "for all that his
+flattering parasites sing these words in his ears." The original Latin
+is "quamvis illi suaviter cantilentur illa verba a parasitis suis."
+
+There are also various errors and several omissions in the Oxford Jewel,
+in the verification of the numerous references. Among various notes (I
+would however add) which are inaccurate, and several that appear to me
+superfluous, there are some which are most useful, as, for example, that
+in vol. ii. p. 195., on the Gloss in the Canon Law, "Our Lord God the
+Pope."
+
+    COLET.
+
+
+ANAGRAMS.
+
+You have now completed the third volume of "NOTES AND QUERIES," and, to
+the no small surprise of all lovers of "jeux de mots," not a single
+specimen of the genus Anagram has found its way into your columns. To
+what are we to ascribe such a circumstance? The ancients were not
+ashamed to indulge in this intellectual pastime, and their anagrams,
+says Samuel Maunder, occasionally contained some happy allusion. The
+moderns have given unequivocal proofs of their fecundity in the same
+line, and the anagrammatic labours of the French nation alone would form
+several volumes. Indeed, to that nation belongs the honour of having
+introduced the anagram; and such is the estimation in which "the art"
+was held by them at one time, that their kings were provided with a
+salaried Anagrammatist, as ours are with a pensioned Laureate. How comes
+it then that a species of composition, once so popular, has found no
+representative among the many learned correspondents of your popular
+periodical? Has the anagram become altogether extinct, or is it only
+awaiting the advent of some competent genius to restore it to its proper
+rank in the republic of letters?
+
+To me it is clear that the real cause of the prevailing dearth of
+anagrams is the great difficulty of producing good ones. Good anagrams
+are, to say the least of it, quite as scarce as good epic poems; for, if
+it be true that the utmost efforts of the human intellect have not given
+birth to more than six good epic poems, it is no less true that the
+utmost exertion of human ingenuity has not brought forth more than half
+a dozen good anagrams. Some critics are of opinion that we do possess
+six good epic poems. Now, where shall we find six good anagrams? If they
+exist, let them be _exhibited_ in the pages of "NOTES AND QUERIES."
+
+Indeed, it may be said that the anagram and the epic poem are the alpha
+and omega of literature. I am aware that by thus placing them in
+juxtaposition the contrast may have the effect of disparaging the
+anagram. The epic poem will naturally enough suggest the idea of the
+sublime, and the anagram, as naturally, that of the ridiculous: and then
+it will be said that between the two there is but a step. But let any
+gentleman make the experiment, and he will find that, instead of a step,
+the intermediate space will present to his astonished legs a surface
+co-extensive with the wide field of modern mediocrity. As for myself, I
+have ransacked in search of anagrams every hole and corner in ancient
+and modern literature, and have found very few samples worthy of the
+name. Reserving the ancients for future consideration, let us see what
+the moderns have to boast of in this respect.
+
+And first, what says Isaac Disraeli? Anagrams being literary
+curiosities, one would naturally expect to meet with some respectable
+samples of them in that writer's _Curiosities of Literature_. Yet, what
+do we find? Among about a score which he quotes, there is not one that
+can be reckoned a tolerable anagram, while by far the greater number are
+no anagrams at all. An anagram is the change of a word or sentence into
+another word or sentences by an _exact_ transposition of the letters.
+Where a single letter is either omitted or added, the anagram is
+incomplete. Of this description are the following, cited by Disraeli:--
+
+      "Thomas Overburie,
+      "O! O! base murther."
+
+      "Charles James Stewart,
+      "Claims Arthur's Seat."
+
+      "Martha Nicholson,
+      "Soon calm at heart."
+
+I next turned to Samuel Maunder and his _Scientific and Literary
+Treasury_, little suspecting that, in a repertory bearing so ambitious a
+title, I should fail to discover the object of my search. True, he
+quotes the anagram made by Dr. Burney after the battle of the Nile:
+
+      "Horatio Nelson,
+      "Honor est a Nilo."
+
+And this, it must be confessed, is one of the best on record. The
+transposition is complete, and the allusion most apposite. But with that
+exception, what does this pretended _Treasury_ disclose? A silly attempt
+to anagrammatise the name of our beloved queen; thus:
+
+      "Her most gracious Majesty Alexandrina Victoria,
+      "Ah! my extravagant joco-serious radical Minister!"
+
+coupled with the admission that nothing can be more ridiculous or
+inapplicable, and that one-half of the anagrams in existence are not a
+whit less absurd. And yet, for this piece of absurdity, as well as for
+another of the same calibre, on--
+
+      "His Grace the Duke of Wellington,
+      "Well fought, K--! no disgrace in thee,"
+
+Mr. Maunder claims the merit of originality. In other words (which are
+no other than his own), he claims merit for being "puerile,"
+"ridiculous," and "absurd." Alas! for the credit of anagrams! Alas! for
+the reputation of Galileo, Newton, and other philosophers, who could
+make great discoveries, and resort to anagrams to announce them to the
+world, but who were incapable of discovering that an anagram was an
+absurdity!
+
+Finding matters at so low an ebb in our own literature, and that English
+anagrams are little better than Irish bulls, I directed my attention to
+the literary records of the French, among whom the anagrammatic bump is
+very prominent. From its character, and the process of its formation,
+the anagram is peculiarly adapted to the genius of that people. It is
+light and airy: so are they. It is conceited and fantastical: so are
+they. It seems to be what it is not: so do they. Its very essence is
+transposition, involution; what one might call a sort of
+Jump-Jim-Crow-ism: and so is theirs. Hence the partiality which they
+have always shown for the anagram: their Rebuses, Almanacs, Annuaires,
+and collections of trifles are full of them. One-half of the disguises
+adopted by their anonymous writers are in the shape of anagrams, formed
+from their names; and one of them has gone the length of composing and
+publishing a poem of 1200 lines, every line of which contains an
+anagram. The name assumed by the author (Gabriel Antoine Joseph Hecart)
+is L'Anagramme d'Archet; and the book bears the title of _Anagrammeana,
+Poeme en VIII Chants, XCVe Edition, a Anagrammatopolis, l'An XIV de
+l'Ere anagrammatique_. But it so happens that out of the 1200 anagrams
+not a single one is worth quoting. Querard describes this poem, not
+inaptly, as a "debauche d'esprit;" and the author himself calls it "une
+ineptie;" to which I may add the opinion of Richelet, that "l'anagramme
+est une des plus grandes inepties de l'esprit humain: il faut etre sot
+pour s'en amuser, et pis que sot pour en faire."
+
+With such an appreciation of the value of anagrams, is it surprising
+that the French should have produced so few good ones? M. de Pixerecourt
+mentions two which he deems so unexceptionable, that they might induce
+us to overlook the general worthlessness of that kind of composition.
+They are as follows:
+
+      "Belitre,
+
+      "Liberte."
+
+      "Benoist,
+
+      "Bien sot."
+
+Now, the first is only true in France, where true liberty was never
+understood: and the second is true nowhere. _Benoist_ is merely a vulgar
+name, and the adoption of it does not necessarily imply that the bearer
+is a "sot." M. De Pixerecourt might have quoted some better samples; the
+famous one, for instance, on the assassin of Henri III.:--
+
+      "Frere Jacques Clement,
+      "C'es l'enfer qui m'a cree."
+
+Or the following Latin anagrams on the names of two of his most
+distinguished countrymen:--
+
+      "De la Monnoi,
+      "A Delio nomen."
+
+      "Voltaire,
+      "O alte vir!"
+
+I was on the point of relinquishing in despair my search for anagrams,
+when an accidental circumstance put me in possession of one of the best
+specimens I have met with. Some time ago, in an idle mood, I took up a
+newspaper for the purpose of glancing at its contents, and as I was
+about to read, I discovered that I held the paper by the wrong end.
+Among the remarkable headings of news there was one which I was desirous
+of decyphering before I restored the paper to its proper position, and
+this happened to be the word "[inverted: DNALERI]". Instead, however, of
+making out the name from letters thus inverted, I found the anagram--
+
+      "Daniel R."
+
+My first impression, on ascertaining this result, was one of horror at
+the treasonable "jeu de mots" I had so unwittingly perpetrated.
+Remembering, however, that Daniel O'Connell is dead, and that Irish
+loyalty has nothing to fear from Daniel the Second, I resolved to give
+the public the benefit of the discovery by sending it to you for "NOTES
+AND QUERIES."
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, August, 1851.
+
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Cure for Hooping Cough._--It is said by the inhabitants of the forest
+of Bere, East Hants, that new milk drank out of a cup made of the wood
+of the variegated holly is a cure for the hooping cough.
+
+    [Arrow symbol]
+
+_Cure for the Toothache._--In the village of Drumcondra, about a mile
+and half on the northern side of Dublin, there is an old churchyard,
+remarkable as the burying-place of Gandon the architect, Grose the
+antiquary, and Thomas Furlong the translator of Carolan's Remains. On
+the borders of this churchyard there is a well of beautiful water, which
+is resorted to by the folks of the village afflicted with toothache,
+who, on their way across the graves pick up an old skull, which they
+carry with them to drink from, the doing of which they assert to be an
+infallible cure. Others merely resort to the place for the purpose of
+pulling a tooth from a skull, which they place on or over the hole or
+stump of the grown tooth, and they affirm that by keeping it there for a
+certain time the pain ceases altogether. There is a young woman at this
+instant in the employment of my mother, who has practised these two
+remedies, and who tells me she knows several others who have done the
+same.
+
+    C. HOEY.
+
+  Near Drumcondra, County Dublin.
+
+_Medical Use of Pigeons._--
+
+      "Spirante columba
+      Suppositu pedibus, revocantur adima vapores."
+
+  "'They apply pigeons to draw the vapours from the head.'"--Dr.
+  Donne's "Devotions upon Emergent Occasions," _Works_, vol. iii. p.
+  550. Lond. 1839.
+
+Mr. Alford appends to the above-cited passage the following note:
+
+  "After a careful search in Pliny, Burton's _Anatomy of
+  Melancholy_, and Sir Thomas Browne's _Vulgar Errors_, I can find
+  no mention of this strange remedy."
+
+I am inclined to suspect that the application of pigeons was by no means
+an uncommon remedy in cases particularly of fever and delirium. To quote
+one passage from Evelyn:
+
+  "Neither the cupping nor the _pidgeons_, those last of remedyes,
+  wrought any effect."--_Life of Mr. Godolphin_, p. 148. Lond. 1847.
+
+Some of your correspondents may possibly be able to furnish additional
+information respecting this custom; for I am confident of having seen it
+alluded to, though at the moment I cannot remember by whom.
+
+    RT.
+
+  Warmington.
+
+_Obeism._--In the _Medical Times_ of 30th Sept. there is a case of a
+woman who fancied herself under its influence, in which the name (in a
+note) is derived from Obi, the town, district, or province in Africa
+where it was first practised; and there is appended to it the following
+description of one of the superstitions as given by a witness on a
+trial:
+
+  "Do you know the prisoner to be an Obeah man?--Ees, massa; shadow
+  catcher true.
+
+  "What do you mean by shadow catcher?--Him hab coffin [a little
+  coffin was here produced]; him set to catch dem shadow.
+
+  "What shadow do you mean?--When him set Obeah for somebody him
+  catch dem shadow, and dem go dead."
+
+The derivation of the name from a place is very different from the
+supposition so cleverly argued in the Third Vol. connecting it with Ob;
+but I cannot find in any gazetteer to which I at present have had
+access, any place in Africa of the name, or a similar name. I do not
+remember in the various descriptions I have read of the charms
+practised, that one of catching the shadow mentioned.
+
+    E. N. W.
+
+
+NOTES ON JULIN, NO. II.
+
+(Vol. ii., pp. 230. 282. 379. 443.; Vol. iv., p. 171.)
+
+I resume the chain of evidence where I left off in my last
+communication.
+
+The account given by Pomerania's best and most trusty historian, Thomas
+Kanzow, Kantzow, Kamzow, Kansow, Kahnsow, Kantzouw, or Cantzow[7] (born
+1505; died 25th September, 1542), of Stralsund, in his _Pomerania_ (ed.
+Meden, p. 405., 1841, W. Dietze, Anclam.), of Wollin, only previously
+alluded to by your correspondents, is as follows:
+
+  "_Of Wollin._--Wollin was before, as it appears from heretofore
+  written histories, a powerful city; and one yet finds far about
+  the town foundations and tokens that the city was once very great;
+  but it has since been destroyed, and numbers now scarcely 300 to
+  400 citizens.[8] It has a parish church and nunnery
+  (_jungfrauenkloster_), and a ducal government. It lies on a piece
+  of marshland, on the Dievenow, called the Werder. The citizens are
+  customed like the other Pomeranians, but they are considered
+  somewhat awkwarder (_unhandlicher_ = unhandier). It is a curious
+  custom of this land and city that generally more inhuman things
+  take place there than anywhere else; and that I may relate
+  something, I will tell of a dreadful occurrence that lately
+  happened there.[9] Of Wollyn there is nothing more to be written,
+  except that the revered Master Doctor Joannes Buggenhagen was born
+  in this city, who is no insignificant ornament both of the holy
+  New Testament and of his fatherland."
+
+  [Footnote 7: The publication of whose works in English I strongly
+  recommend.]
+
+  [Footnote 8: In later times, however, the population has become
+  greater.]
+
+  [Footnote 9: Not to be found.]
+
+On Vineta he writes (_High German Chronicle_, ed. Meden, lib. ii. pp.
+32-35.):--
+
+    "Not long after this Schwenotto threw off Christianity, and set
+  himself against his father Harald, king in Denmark, and drove him
+  from the kingdom. So Harald fled to Wollyn, in Pomerania. There
+  the Wends, notwithstanding that he was a Christian, and they still
+  of the ancient faith, received him kindly, and, together with the
+  other Wends and Pomeranians, fitted out ships and an armament, and
+  brought him with force back into his kingdom, and fought the whole
+  day with Schweno, so that it was uncertain who had or had not won
+  there. Then the next day they arose and made a smiting[10], and in
+  the fray Harald was shot by a Dane, and perhaps by his son's
+  command. Then brought the Wollyners him to their ships, and
+  carried him away to their city that there they might doctor
+  (_artzten_) him. But he died of the wound, and was buried there,
+  after he had reigned about fifty years, about the thousandth year
+  after the birth of Christ. So writeth Saxo. But Helmold writes,
+  that he came to Vineta: these holp him into his kingdom again,
+  and when he was shot in the skirmish, they brought him back to
+  their town, where he died[11] and was buried. And that I myself
+  believe; for though Wollyn was a mighty state at that time, still
+  Vineta was much mightier; and it is therefore to be concluded that
+  he fled to Vineta, rather than to Wollyn, and that Vineta was on
+  that account afterwards destroyed: and as we are come to Vineta,
+  we will say what Helmold writes thereof, which is this:--
+
+  [Footnote 10: I have in the translation adopted the phrase of Holy
+  Writ, "made a smiting."]
+
+  [Footnote 11: This shows that the MSS. of Helmold were corrupted
+  at a very early period. I have seen one uncorrupted. A list of
+  them would be a thing desirable.]
+
+  "Vineta has been a powerful city, with a good harbour for the
+  surrounding nations; and after so much has been told of the city
+  which is totally (_schyr_ = sheerly) incredible, I will relate
+  this much. It is said to have been as great a city as any which
+  Europe contained at that time, and it was promiscuously inhabited
+  by Greeks, Slavonians, Wends, and other nations. The Saxons, also,
+  upon condition of not openly practising Christianity, were
+  permitted to inhabit with them; for all the citizens were
+  idolaters down to the final destruction and fall of the city. Yet
+  in customs, manners, and hospitality there is not a more worthy
+  nation, or so worthy a one, to be found. The city was full of all
+  sorts of merchandise (_kaufwahr_) from all countries, and had
+  everything which was curious, luxurious (_lustig_ = lustful), and
+  necessary; and a king of Denmark destroyed them a great fleet of
+  war. The ruins and recollection of the town remain even to this
+  day, and the island on which it lay is flowed round by three
+  streams, of which one is of a green colour, the other greyish, and
+  the third dashes and rushes by reason of storm and wind. And so
+  far Helmold, who wrote about 400 years ago.
+
+  "And it is true that the remains exist at the present day: for
+  when one desires to go from Wolgast over the Pene, in the country
+  of Usedom, and comes by a village called Damerow, which is by
+  [about] two miles[12] from Wolgast, so sees one about a long
+  quarter way into the sea (for the ocean has encroached upon the
+  land so much since then), great stones and foundations. So have I
+  with others rowed thither, and have carefully looked at it. But no
+  brickwork is there now; for it is so many hundred years since the
+  destruction of the city, that it is impossible that it can have
+  remained so long in the stormy sea. Yet the great
+  foundation-stones are there still, and lie in a row, as they are
+  usually disposed under a house, one by the other; and in some
+  places others upon them. Among these stones are some so great, in
+  three or four places, that they reach ell high above the water; so
+  that it is conjectured that their churches or assembly-houses
+  stood there. But the other stones, as they still lie in the order
+  in which they lay under the buildings (_geben_), show also
+  manifestly how the streets went through the length and breadth
+  (_in die lenge und uebers quer_) of the city. And the fishermen of
+  the place told us that still whole paving-stones of the streets
+  lay there, and were covered with moss[13] (_uebermoset_), so that
+  they could not be seen; yet if one pricked therein with a
+  sharp-pointed pole or lance, they were easily to be felt. And the
+  stones lay somehow after that manner: and as we rowed backward and
+  forward over the foundations, and remarked the fashion of the
+  streets, saw we that the town was built lengthways from east to
+  west. But the sea deepens the farther we go, so that we could not
+  perceive the greatness of the city fully; but what we could see,
+  made us think that it was very probably of about the size of
+  Luebeck: for it was about a short quarter[14] long, and the breadth
+  broader than the city Luebeck. By this one may guess what was the
+  size of the part we could not see. And according to my way of
+  thinking, when this town was destroyed, Wisbu in Gottland was
+  restored."
+
+  [Footnote 12: German, answering to about eight English.]
+
+  [Footnote 13: I have translated _uebermoset_ as above, though
+  nothing at the bottom could be covered with moss. I suspect the
+  true lection to be _uebermodert_, as _moder_ exists in the present
+  German, answering to our word "mother."]
+
+  [Footnote 14: This expression, as well as a previous one, alludes
+  to the distance. "Of a mile" is, in both cases, to be understood.]
+
+Wisby, _en passant_, may be described as a merchant town of great
+importance in the mediaeval period, and whence we have derived our
+navigation laws. It has now about 4000 inhabitants, and has many ruined
+buildings and sculptured marble about it.
+
+So far Kantzow in the _High German Chronicle_: in the _Low German
+Chronicle_ (ed. Boehmer, Greifswald, 1832), I find nothing bearing on the
+subject.
+
+Indistinct and wavering is Kantzow in his account, but thus much is to
+be gathered from it.
+
+1. That the _soi-disant_ Vineta lay east and west; Julin or Wollin lies
+north and south.
+
+2. That the destruction of Wollin ensued on its aiding an enemy against
+Denmark.
+
+3. That in the mind of Kantzow the two towns were not confounded, and
+that he had heard both legends, but had not sufficient critical sagacity
+to disentangle the mess.
+
+The oldest MSS. of Helmold have not this error. I have myself, as
+previously stated, seen one uncorrupted. The closing words of Kantzow
+seem to make it necessary to search for the date of the rebuilding of
+Wisby, which I have not at present the means of doing, though I will
+take an early opportunity of settling this, oddly enough, contested
+point.
+
+Von Raumer emphatically brands the legend of Vineta as a fable; as also
+my friend M. de Kaiserling. And I myself am forcibly reminded of an old
+Irish legend I read long ago somewhere or other, of the disappearance of
+a city in the Lake of Killarney, of which, my authority stated, the
+towers were occasionally to be perceived. Another legend, of which the
+scene was laid in Mexico, I recollect, was to the same effect; and in
+this I am confirmed by a friend, who has traveled much in that country.
+I must myself totally deny the existence of Vineta, except as the
+capital city of the Veneti, when I would place it in Ruegen.
+
+I may as well add that M. de Kaiserling dug up his coins in the
+north-western corner of Wollin, near the Rathhaus.
+
+The Salmarks are in the neighbourhood of the town, the Greater one to
+the north, the Lesser to the south.
+
+I will now close the paper, already too long, and hope for elucidations
+and remarks from abler pens.
+
+    KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+  September 25, 1851.
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Curious Epitaph in Dalkeith Churchyard._--The following inscription is
+on the tombstone of one Margaret Scott, who died in the town of
+Dalkeith, February 9, 1738, aged 125 years:--
+
+      "Stop passenger, until my life you read:
+      The living may get knowledge by the dead.
+      Five times five years I lived a virgin's life:
+      Ten times five years I was a virtuous wife:
+      Ten times five years I lived a widow chaste;
+      Now, weary'd of this mortal life, I rest.
+      Between my cradle and my grave have been
+      Eight mighty kings of Scotland and a queen.
+      Four times five years the Commonwealth I saw;
+      Ten times the subjects rose against the law.
+      Twice did I see old Prelacy pull'd down;
+      And twice the cloak was humbled by the gown.
+      An end of Stuart's race I saw: nay, more!
+      My native country sold for English ore.
+      Such desolations in my life have been,
+      I have an end of all perfection seen."
+
+I thought that the above instance of what might be termed "historical
+longevity" was worthy of a place in your pages, along with others
+proving how "traditions from remote periods may come through few hands."
+
+    BLOWEN.
+
+_Device of SS._--However doubtful may be the derivation of our English
+"Collar of Esses," there is a pretty explanation given of a similar
+device granted to a Spanish nobleman.
+
+It is said that Gatierre de Cardenas was the first person who announced
+to the young Princess Isabella of Castile the approach of her future
+husband, Ferdinand of Aragon (after his romantic journey to Valladolid
+in 1469), exclaiming, "Esse es, esse es,"--"This is he!" He obtained
+permission to add to his escutcheon the letters SS. to commemorate this
+circumstance.
+
+    O. P. Q.
+
+_Lord Edward Fitzgerald._--Having seen in "NOTES AND QUERIES" a remark
+about Lord Edward Fitzgerald, I wish to add the following.
+
+The body of Lord Edward Fitzgerald has never been removed by his
+relatives, but has lain in an outside vault or passage, under the parish
+church of St. Werburgh, Dublin, until very lately, when (I believe
+within the last year) Lady Campbell, widow of General Sir Guy Campbell,
+Bart., and daughter of Pamela, caused it to be placed in an oak coffin,
+the old one being greatly decayed. It is now removed into what is called
+the chancel vault.
+
+    L. M. M.
+
+_The Michaelmas Goose._--Why it is that here in England--
+
+            "---- by custom (right divine)
+      Geese are ordained to bleed at Michael's shrine,"
+
+is a mystery still unsolved by English antiquaries. For, even if the
+story that Queen Elizabeth was eating a goose on Michaelmas Day when she
+received the news of the defeat of the Spanish Armada, rested on
+unquestionable authority, it would not explain the origin of the custom,
+since Brand has shown, by a reference to Blount's _Jocular Tenures_,
+that it existed as early as the tenth year of Edward IV. If we seek an
+illustration from the practice of our continental neighbours, we shall
+fail; or only learn that we have transferred to the Feast of St. Michael
+a practice which is observed abroad on that of St. Martin, the 11th
+November: indeed, St. Martin's Bird is a name by which the goose is
+known among many of the continental nations. In the Runic Calendar the
+11th November is marked by a goose. In the old _Bauern Practica_ (ed.
+1567), _Wintermonat_ or November boasts, in one of the Rhymes of the
+Month,--
+
+      "Fat geese unto the rich I sell."
+
+And in the curious old Story Book of Peter Leu, reprinted by von der
+Hagen in his _Narrenbuch_, one of the adventures commences:
+
+      "It fell upon St. Martin's Day,
+      When folks are wont goose-feasts to keep."
+
+A learned German, however, Nork (_Festkalender_, s. 567.), sees in our
+Michaelmas Goose the last traces of the goose offered of old to
+Proserpina, the infernal goddess of death (on which account it is that
+the figure of this bird is so frequently seen on monumental remains);
+and also of the offerings (among which the goose figured) formerly made
+to Odin at this season, a pagan festival which on the introduction of
+Christianity was not abolished, but transferred to St. Michael.
+
+    WILLIAM J. THOMS.
+
+_Gravesend Boats_ (Vol. ii., p. 209.).--In a letter from Sir Thomas
+Heneage to Sir Christopher Hatton, dated 2nd May, 1585, given in
+Nicolas's _Memoir of the Life and Times of Sir Christopher Hatton_ (p.
+426.), is this passage:
+
+  "Her Highness thinketh your house will shortly be like a Gravesend
+  barge, never without a knave, a priest, or a thief," &c.
+
+"Her Highness" was Queen Elizabeth, and the purport of the letter was to
+convey "her Highness's pleasure" touching one Isaac Higgins, then in
+the custody of Sir Christopher Hatton.
+
+    C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge, Sept. 19. 1851.
+
+_Skull-cups._--There are so very few consecutive and methodical readers
+left, that it is not surprising that Mr. Blackwell, the editor of Bohn's
+_Mallet_, should have adopted the groundless charge of one Magnusen
+against Olaus Wormius, who understood Ragnar's death-song much better
+than certain ironical dilettanti of Cockneyland. Charlemagne's
+secretary, Paul Warnefrid, the Lombard deacon of Aquileia, swears that,
+about 200 years after the event, King Ratchis had shown him _the cup
+made out of Cunimund's skull_, in which Queen Rosamund, his daughter,
+refused to drink, in the year 574.[15] (_Paul. Diac._ ii. 8.) Open the
+_Acta Sanctorum_ for the 1st of May, and they will tell you that the
+monks of Triers had enchased in silver the skull of St. Theodulf, out of
+which they administered fever-drink to the sick. Moreover, when, in the
+year 1465, Leo von Rozmital came to Neuss, he saw a costly tomb wherein
+lay the blessed Saint Quirinus, and he drank out of his skull-cup. St.
+Sebastian's skull at Ebersberg, and St. Ernhart's at Ratisbonne, had
+also been converted into chalices.
+
+  [Footnote 15: See Grotius's valuable Collection of Gothic and
+  Lombard Historians.]
+
+I refer the reader to Jacob Grimm's _Geschichte der Deutschen Sprache_,
+pp. 143. 146., for further details: he shows that to drink ale out of
+_buigvidum hausa_, can only mean out of "hollow skulls," literally
+"_vacuitas_ curva."
+
+To prove the antiquity of the custom, Grimm alleges likewise a passage
+of the Vilkinasaga, in which Voelundr, the smith, our Belenger[16], or
+Will o' the Wisp, enchases in silver the amputated skulls of Nidads' two
+boys.
+
+  [Footnote 16: Foeu _Belenger_, in one of the dialects of the
+  Low-Norman Isles.]
+
+    GEORGE METIVIER.
+
+
+
+
+Queries.
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+168. _Elizabeth, Equestrian Figure of._--Doubtless many of your readers
+have seen in the Exhibition a large equestrian figure of Elizabeth; it
+is in the N.W. gallery, in one of the large plate cases. Now the horse
+is described as pacing, which the explanation states was a step taught
+the horses belonging to the ladies of that period. Query, where a
+description of pacing, or rules for teaching horses to pace, amble, &c.,
+may be found? for what appears so extraordinary in the figure is that
+the fore and hind legs of the same side of the horse are extended
+together, or simultaneously. I have in the _Graphic Illustrator_ a
+picture of Elizabeth hawking (the figure in the Exhibition may have been
+copied from the original), where the horse is in the same attitude. I
+feel anxious to know if that unnatural gait is possible, or whether it
+is a part or the whole of the pacing step.
+
+    THOS. LAWRENCE.
+
+  Ashby de la Zouch.
+
+169. _Indian Ants._--Is there any foundation for Pliny's account of the
+Indian ants, which were, according to Herodotus, "not so large as a dog,
+but bigger than a fox?"
+
+    A. C. W.
+
+170. _Passage in Geo. Herbert._--What is the meaning of the following?
+(Herbert's _Poems_, "Charms and Knots," ver. 8.):--
+
+      "Take one from ten, and what remains?
+      Ten still: if sermons go for gains."
+
+    H. T. G.
+
+171. _"The King's-way," Wilts._--Mention of this road, in the
+neighbourhood of Malmsbury, occurs in two charters of the Saxon kings
+Athelstan and Eadwig, Nos. 355. & 460. Cod. Dipl. Aevi. Sax. The road is
+said to be known in Wiltshire as King Athelstan's Way. Can any of your
+correspondents oblige me by pointing out its course, and the immediate
+purpose for which it was constructed? There is a King's-way Field
+(Cyngwey-ffeld) mentioned in the ancient terriers of Bampton, Oxon, and
+still known there.
+
+    B. W.
+
+172. _Marriages within ruined Churches._--I have heard of marriages
+solemnized within _ruined_ churches in Ireland within the last twenty
+years. What is the origin of this custom; was it general, and is it
+still observed?
+
+    R. H.
+
+173. _Fees for Inoculation._--In an old Account Book of a Sussex county
+gentleman I find the following items:--
+
+  "1780. I paid for the inoculation of William and Polly Parker, L5
+  15_s._ 6_d._"
+
+and again in 1784:
+
+  "Paid towards R. Stephen's inoculation, L1 11_s._ 0_d._"
+
+from which it would appear that the process was a very expensive one in
+those days. I should feel obliged to any of your correspondents to give
+me some information on this point.
+
+    R. W. B.
+
+174. "_Born in the Eighth Climate._"--Can any of your readers explain
+the allusion contained in the following extract from Sir Thomas Browne?
+
+  "_I was born in the eighth climate_, but seem for to be framed and
+  constellated unto all."--_Religio Medici_, ii. 1.
+
+Will the notions of astrology throw any light upon it?
+
+    N. H.
+
+175. _Aubry de Montdidier's Dog._--Who was the King of France that
+subjected the Chevalier Macaire to the ordeal by combat with this famous
+dog? In some of the authorities it is said to be Charles VI., and in
+others "Le Roi Jean," meaning, I presume, John II.
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia.
+
+176. _Sanford's Descensus._--Can any of your correspondents say if
+Sanford's _Descensus_ has ever been published separately? It is spoken
+of in the 2nd vol. of Gale's _Court of the Gentiles_, and was published
+in the works of a bishop who survived him. A copy of that prelate's
+works is in the Bodleian Library, and contains the _Descensus_. What is
+the bishop's name?
+
+    AEGROTUS.
+
+177. _Parish Registers--Briefs for Collection._--What acts of parliament
+since the reign of George I. affect parish registers?
+
+On what authority were collections made in churches _by brief_; in what
+year was that mode of collection decreed; and when did it cease?
+
+    J. B. (A Subscriber.)
+
+178. _Early Printing Presses, Sticks, and Chases._--I am a compositor,
+and have read with great interest the "Notes" on Caxton and Printing in
+your valuable publication. May I venture to put a Query which has often
+crossed my mind, especially when I went to see Mr. Maclise's great
+painting at the Royal Academy. What kind of press did Caxton and his
+successors use? Also, is anything known of the shape of their "sticks"
+and "chases?" Mr. Maclise seems to have taken a modern pattern for all
+of these, especially the two last.
+
+    EM QUAD.
+
+179. _Bootikins._--Horace Walpole speaks in many of his letters of the
+great benefit he had experienced from the use of _bootikins_ in his
+attacks of gout. In a letter to George Montagu, Esq., dated July 31,
+1767, he says:
+
+  "Except one day's gout, which I cured with the _bootikins_, I have
+  been quite well since I saw you."
+
+Eight years afterwards his expectations of _cure_ from them were not so
+high. In a letter to the Rev. Mr. Cole, dated June 5, 1775, he remarks:
+
+  "I am perfectly well, and expect to be so for a year and a half. I
+  desire no more of my _bootikins_ than to curtail my fits."
+
+Dr. E. J. Seymour (_Thoughts on the Nature and Treatment of several
+severe Diseases of the Human Body_, i. 107.: London, 1847), says that--
+
+  "The _bootikins_ were simply a glove, with a partition for the
+  thumb, but no separate ones for the fingers, like an infant's
+  glove, made of oiled silk."
+
+Can any of your readers shed light on this matter?
+
+    R. D.
+
+  Philadelphia.
+
+180. _Printers' Privilege._--I have heard it confidently stated that
+printers have the privilege, if they are disposed to use it, to wear on
+all occasions a sword dangling at their sides. If it be so, whence does
+it arise? I have heard two explanations, one, bearing _prima facie_
+evidence of incorrectness, a special grant as a mark of favour; the
+other, which is the only reasonable way of accounting for such a totally
+unsuitable privilege, that when the act passed forbidding arms to be
+commonly worn, all kinds and manner of people were mentioned by the name
+of their trades, businesses, &c., except printers, who were accidently
+omitted. How much of truth might there be in all this? What is the act
+alluded to?
+
+    TEE BEE.
+
+181. _Death of Pitt._--What authority is there for the accompanying
+statement respecting the death of Mr. Pitt?
+
+  "Among the anecdotes of statesmen few are more interesting than
+  that which records the death of Pitt. The hand which had so long
+  sustained the sceptre of this country found no hand to clasp it in
+  death. By friends and by servants he was alike deserted; and a
+  stranger wandering on from room to room of a deserted house, came
+  at last by chance to a chamber untended but not unquiet, in which
+  the great minister lay, alone and dead."--See _Edinburgh Review_
+  for July, 1851, p. 78., on the _Poems and Memoir of Hartley
+  Coleridge_.
+
+    NATHANIEL ELLISON.
+
+182. "_A little Bird told me._"--C. W. wishes to know if any of the
+readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" can tell him the origin of the proverb,
+"A little bird told me."
+
+C. W. has an idea that the origin is from the _Koran_, where is an
+account of all the birds being summoned before Solomon. The lapwing
+absents himself. Upon being questioned why he did not immediately obey,
+he says he has been at the court of the Queen of Sheba, who has resolved
+upon visiting Solomon. On the hint, Solomon prepares for the queen's
+reception. The lapwing sets off to Ethiopia, and tells the Queen that
+Solomon wishes to see her. The meeting, as we know, took place.
+
+Not having the _Koran_, C. W. cannot refer to it to see if it is right
+or wrong.
+
+183. _Baroner._--At page 105. of the volume of _Bury Wills_ published by
+the Camden Society, is the will of William Place, priest, Master of the
+Hospital of St. John Evangelist without the south gate of Bury St.
+Edmunds, dated 21st July, 1504, whereby he willed that "Damp" William
+Carsey (elsewhere in the same will called Karsey), "Baroner" of the
+Monastery of Bury St. Edmunds, should assign two children to say _De
+profundis_ at his grave for his soul every day from his burying day till
+his thirtieth day be past, and they to have each day for their labour
+one penny betwixt them. Mr. Tymms's notes to the above publication are
+copious and valuable, but he omits to explain the term "Baroner;" and
+the object of this Query is to ascertain if he, or any of your numerous
+correspondents, can do so. I conjecture that the Baroner was the master
+of the children (or song school), but I am not aware of any other
+instance of the use of the word as denoting a monastic officer.
+
+    C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge, Sept 19. 1851.
+
+184. _William the Third at Exeter--History of Hawick._--1. Mr. Macaulay,
+in describing the entrance of William of Orange into Exeter, mentions
+that he was preceded, amongst others, by three hundred gentlemen of
+English birth. Can any of your correspondents inform me whether the
+names of these gentlemen are known, and, if so, where the roll may be
+met with?
+
+2. I remember to have read an extract from a work called the _History of
+Hawick_ in Teviotdale, but I have never met with any one acquainted with
+the work. Is the book now extant, and, if so, where can it be seen? If
+any of your correspondents should have seen this volume, perhaps he can
+inform me whether it narrates an altercation between the abbot of
+Melrose and a neighbouring baron, which ended in the death of the
+former?
+
+    H. L.
+
+  Maen-twrog, North Wales.
+
+185. _Johannes Lychtenberger._--The "Pronosticatio," or "prophecies,"
+which bear this name, have been often reprinted since what I believe to
+be the first edition was published in the year 1488. In giving an
+account of the copies of it in the Lambeth Library, I stated that I knew
+of no other copy of this edition, except one in the Douce collection in
+the Bodleian. Eight years have elapsed since that time, and I have not
+heard of any; and as circumstances have lately led to my being engaged
+about the book, I shall be glad if you will allow me to ask whether any
+of your many learned correspondents know of a _prior_ edition, or of any
+other copies of _this_ one of 1488?
+
+    S. R. MAITLAND.
+
+  Gloucester.
+
+186. _Lestourgeon the Horologist._--I have in my possession an
+apparently very old, though very elegant and very excellent, eight-day
+clock, with the maker's name on its face, _Thomas Lestourgeon, London_.
+Some years ago there was found among the apparatus of the Natural
+Philosophy class, in the University of Edinburgh, what is called in the
+inventory "an old watch, maker's name Lestourgeon, London." Can any of
+your readers tell me when that excellent horologist flourished? I know
+the history of the clock for about a century, but how much older it may
+be I should like to know.
+
+    JAMES LAURIE.
+
+187. _Physiological Query._--Can any of your correspondents mention the
+work of any physiologist in which the _cause_ is given why all
+herbivorous animals suck in what they drink, and all carnivorous animals
+lap it up by the action of the tongue? Also, what naturalists have
+specified that broad distinction, and whether it has been mentioned in
+any other work?
+
+    AEGROTUS.
+
+188. _De Grammont's Memoirs._--Is there an earlier edition of De
+Grammont's _Memoirs_ than that in 12mo. printed at Cologne in 1713?
+
+    PETER CUNNINGHAM.
+
+189. "_Frightened out of his seven Senses._"--Can this expression be met
+with in any author; or what is its origin?
+
+Is it simply synonymous to the more usual phrase, "To be frightened out
+of one's wits?"
+
+Is there any other passage in the language where the possession of more
+than _five_ senses is implied?
+
+    G. T. H.
+
+  Acton.
+
+190. _Fides Carbonaria._--What is the _origin_ of a phrase known to
+readers of a certain Latinity, "Fides Carbonaria?" The French have an
+expression apparently equivalent, "Foi de Charbonnier;" but _what_
+originated either?
+
+    A QUERIST.
+
+191. _Bourchier Family._--I would be very much obliged to any
+correspondent who could tell me either the inscriptions on any monuments
+to the "Bourchier" family, or in what church they are to be found. I
+believe there are some in Northamptonshire.
+
+    L. M. M.
+
+  Dublin.
+
+192. _Warnings to Scotland._--
+
+  "Warnings to Scotland, of the Eternal Spirit, to the City of
+  Edinburgh, in Scotland, by the mouths of Thomas Dutton, Guy Nutt,
+  John Glover, in their Mission by the Spirit to the said City, as
+  they were delivered in the year 1709, and faithfully taken down in
+  writing as they were spoken. London printed in the year 1710."
+
+The trio also gave "warnings" to the sinful city of Glasgow, &c.
+
+I would be glad if any of your correspondents could give me any
+information regarding this _agitation_, and if it produced any sensation
+at the time?
+
+    ELGINENSIS.
+
+193. _Herschel anticipated._--Can one of your correspondents mention the
+name, and any other particulars, of the man who anticipated Herschel
+relative to the sun's motion; and was declared to be mad for
+entertaining such opinions?
+
+    AEGROTUS.
+
+194. _Duke of Wellington._--Where can a copy of the petition, presented
+by the Lord Mayor and Common Council, setting forth the insufficiency of
+the Duke of Wellington as a general, and his obvious incapacity, and
+begging his immediate recall, be obtained, and the date of it? It is a
+droll historical document, which should not sink into oblivion.
+
+    AEGROTUS.
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_An early Printer._--I have seen an old black-letter book of homilies in
+Latin, with the following imprint:--
+
+  "Sermones Michaelis de Ungaria praedicabiles per tot[=u] annum
+  licet breves. Et sic est finis sit laus et gloria trinis
+  Impress[=u] suburbiis s[=a]cti germani de praetis per Petr[=u]
+  Leuet, anno d[=n]i millesimo quadring[=e]te sino nonagesimo
+  septimo primo die vero. xiij. Novembris."
+
+I should be glad if any of your correspondents could furnish any
+information regarding the printer.
+
+    ABERDONIENSIS.
+
+  [Petrus Levet was one of the early Paris printers, and several of
+  the works printed by him are noticed in Gresswell's _Annals of
+  Parisian Typography_, pp. 96. 100. 104. At p. 178. will be found
+  his device, copied from the _Destructorium Vitiorum_, anno 1497.]
+
+_Nimble Ninepence._--What is the origin of this expression?
+
+    P. S. KG.
+
+  ["A nimble ninepence is better than a slow shilling."--_Old
+  Proverb._]
+
+_Prince Rupert's Balls._--Why are the glass balls filled with floating
+bubbles called Rupert balls? Was the prince a glass-blower?
+
+    [Arrow symbol]
+
+  [The earliest experiments upon glass tears were made in 1656, both
+  in London and Paris; but it is not certain in what country they
+  were invented. They were first brought to England by Prince
+  Rupert, and experiments were made upon them by the Right Hon. Sir
+  Robert Moray, in 1661, by the command of his Majesty. An account
+  of these experiments is to be found in the Registers of the Royal
+  Society, of which he was one of the founders. See _Edinburgh
+  Encyclopaedia_, vol. x. p. 319.]
+
+_Knock under._--To _knock under_, in the sense of succumb, yield: _unde
+derivatur_?
+
+    NOCAB.
+
+  ["From the submission expressed among good fellows by knocking
+  under the table."--_Johnson._]
+
+_Freemasons._--Where can be found a good account of the origin of
+freemasons? And is there any truth in the story that Lord Doneraile made
+his daughter, the Honorable Miss E. St. Leger, a freemason?
+
+    [Arrow symbol]
+
+  [For a circumstantial account of the origin of Freemasons, see a
+  curious pamphlet published in 1812, entitled _Jachin and Boaz; or
+  an authentic Key to the Door of Freemasonry, both Ancient and
+  Modern_, &c.; also, Oliver's _Antiquities of Freemasonry_. A very
+  interesting historico-critical inquiry into the origin of the
+  Rosicrucians and Freemasons, from the pen of the English
+  Opium-eater, who in it has abstracted, arranged, and in some
+  respects re-arranged the German work of J. G. Buhle, _Ueber den
+  Ursprung und die vornehmsten Schicksale der Orden der Rosenkreuzer
+  und Freymaurer_, will be found in the _London Magazine_ for
+  January and February, 1824.
+
+  We believe it is perfectly true that the Hon. Miss E. St. Leger
+  was made a mason, and that she always accompanied her lodge in its
+  processions.]
+
+
+
+
+Replies.
+
+
+CONQUEST OF SCOTLAND.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 165.)
+
+In an article of A. C. in "NOTES AND QUERIES" for 30th August last,
+under the head "Plowden of Plowden" from Burke's _Landed Gentry_, I find
+this paragraph:
+
+  "The names of the followers of William the Conqueror are often
+  alluded to; but the 'comers over' at the CONQUEST of Wales,
+  SCOTLAND, and Ireland are but seldom thought of, though they lend
+  to their descendants' pedigree a degree of historical interest."
+
+I do not read this paragraph without pain, mingled with indignation. Who
+ever before heard of the conquest of Scotland? It is true, that, on
+repeated occasions, the English made successful inroads into that
+kingdom, sometimes of a larger, sometimes of a less extensive character;
+but the Scottish nation never did "lie at the proud foot of a
+conqueror."
+
+Though Edward I., by means of intrigues unworthy of his high character,
+did for a short period, during the interregnum consequent on the death
+of the Maid of Norway, assume the government of the Scottish realm, and
+put to death some of the most distinguished of her defenders, yet his
+successor paid the penalty of this unjust assumption in the battle of
+Bannockburn; a battle having justice on the side of the victorious
+party, and regarded by all Scotsmen as to be ranked in military prowess
+with those of Cressy, Poictiers, and Agincourt.
+
+It is not generally known, that upon the marriage of Mary to the Dauphin
+in 1558, Scotsmen were naturalised in France by an _ordonnance_ of Henry
+II.; and that, in like manner, by an act of the parliament of Scotland,
+all Frenchmen were naturalised in that country. The ordonnance granting
+these privileges to Scotsmen within the realm of France, is printed in
+the Scottish statute-book along with the Scottish act granting similar
+privileges to Frenchmen within Scotland.
+
+One of the most distinguished writers on the law of Scotland, when
+dedicating his work to King Charles II., reminds him of the inscription
+on the palace of Holyrood: "Nobis haec invicta miserunt centum sex
+Prouvi."
+
+When, in 1707, Scotland treated of an incorporating union with the realm
+of England, she treated as an independent and sovereign power, and the
+Treaty of Union was concluded with her in that character: a treaty which
+was at least as beneficial to England as it was to Scotland, by
+precluding in all time to come the intrigues of France with the Scottish
+sovereign and nation.
+
+That Scotland was able for so many centuries to defend her liberties and
+independence against the powerful kingdom of England, does her great
+honour. There is no problem of more difficult solution than this: What
+might have happened, if some other great event had happened otherwise
+than it did? When England had overcome the kingdom of France, if
+Scotland had not afforded the means of annoyance to England, the seat of
+government might have been removed to France, and the great English
+nation have been absorbed in that country: but Providence ruled
+otherwise; England lost her dominion in France, and Scotland remained
+independent.
+
+    SCOTUS OCTOGENARIUS.
+
+
+BOROUGH-ENGLISH.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 133.)
+
+W. FRAZER'S Query, which are the towns or districts in England in which
+Borough-English prevails, or has prevailed, and whether there are any
+instances on record of its being carried into effect in modern times,
+would require more knowledge than any individual can be expected to
+possess of local customs throughout the country to give a full answer
+to; but if all your legal correspondents would contribute their quotas
+of information on the subject, a very fair list might be made, which
+would not be uninteresting as illustrative of this peculiar custom. I do
+not know any work in which the places where the custom prevails are
+collected together. But I send you a short list of such manors and
+places as I know of and have been able to collect, in which the custom
+of Borough-English is the rule of descent, hoping that other
+correspondents will add to the list which I have only made a
+commencement of:--
+
+      _Manors and Places where the Custom of Borough-English
+      prevails._
+
+      The Manor of Lambeth     }
+            "      Kennington  } Surrey.
+            "      Hoo (qy.)     Kent.
+
+      Reve v. Maltster, Croke's _Reports, Trin.
+      Term_, 11 Chas. I.
+
+      The Manor of Tottenham   }
+            "      Edmonton    } Middlesex.
+
+      _Termes de la Ley_, Kitchin, fo. 102.
+
+      Turnham Green              Middlesex.
+
+      Forester's _Equity Reports_, 276.
+
+      The Manor of Bray          Berks.
+
+      _Co. Litt._ Sec. 211.
+
+I am informed that the custom also prevails in some of the Duchy manors
+in Cornwall, but I cannot at present give you the names.
+
+I may be able to add to this list in a future communication, and I hope
+to see in your pages some considerable additions to this list from other
+correspondents.
+
+As to the continuance of the custom to modern times, nothing can alter
+it but an act of parliament; so that where the custom has prevailed, it
+is still the law of descent: and I have had under my notice a descent of
+copyhold property, in the manors of Lambeth and Kennington, to the
+youngest brother within the present century.
+
+    G. R. C.
+
+There is a farm of about a hundred acres in the parish of Sullescombe in
+Sussex, which is held by this tenure; but whether the adjoining land is
+so, I am not aware. In case of the owner dying intestate, the land would
+go to the younger son; but I am not aware of an instance of this having
+occurred.
+
+    E. H. Y.
+
+
+PENDULUM DEMONSTRATION OF THE EARTH'S ROTATION.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 129. 177.)
+
+Your correspondent A. E. B. appears, by his suggestion regarding
+Foucault's theory, to have rendered confusion worse confounded, mystery
+more mysterious. He says:
+
+  "If the propounders of this theory had from the first explained,
+  that they do not claim for the plane of oscillation an exemption
+  from the general rotation of the earth, but only the difference of
+  rotation due to the excess of velocity with which one extremity of
+  the line of oscillation may be affected more than the other, it
+  would have saved a world of fruitless conjecture and
+  misunderstanding."
+
+This supposition makes an effect, which it is difficult to believe in,
+into one utterly impossible to conceive. It is hard enough to credit the
+theory, that the plane of oscillation of a pendulum is partially
+independent of the rotatory motion of the earth, but still not
+impossible, considering that the effect of the presumed cause is not
+inconsistent with the results of _a priori_ calculation. For instance,
+during the swing of a two-seconds pendulum, the angular motion of the
+earth will have been 1', or thereabouts, which, supposing the
+oscillation to be independent, would produce an appreciable angle on an
+index circle placed concentric with the pendulum, and at right angles to
+its plane of oscillation.
+
+But as to A. E. B.'s theory, which supposes the variation of the
+pendulum's plane to be "due to the excess of velocity with which one
+extremity of the line of oscillation may be affected more than the
+other," it appears to me quite untenable for a moment. Let him reduce it
+to paper, and find what difference of velocity there is on the earth's
+surface at the two ends of a line of ten feet, the assumed length of the
+arc of a two-seconds pendulum,--a larger one, I presume, than that used
+by Foucault in his cellar,--and I believe he will find it to be
+practically nothing.
+
+I confess I have had no faith in this theory from the first; the effect,
+if any and constant, I believe to be magnetic. The results of
+experiments have been stated from the first very loosely, and the theory
+itself has been put forth very indistinctly, and not supported by any
+name of eminence, except that of Professor Powell.
+
+In the meantime, and until some competent authority has pronounced on
+the point, I propose that such of your readers as are interested in the
+question make experiments for themselves, dividing them into four
+classes, viz., with the plane of oscillation E. and W., N. and S., N.E.
+and S.W., N.W. and S.E.; take the mean of a great many, and communicate
+them to the editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES;" and I venture to say that
+such a collection will do more towards confirming or disproving the
+theory absolutely, than all the papers we have yet seen on the subject.
+
+I am myself about to make experiments with a twenty-five feet pendulum.
+
+    H. C. K.
+
+  ---- Rectory, Hereford, Sept. 8. 1851.
+
+
+LORD MAYOR NOT A PRIVY COUNCILLOR.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 9. 137. 180.)
+
+In p. 180. I find some observations respecting the rank of the Lord
+Mayor of London, which seem to require further elucidation. But I should
+not trouble you except for one passage, which leads me to think that the
+writer is under some little mistake. He seems to think that upon the
+occasion of a new king's accession, only Privy Councillors are summoned.
+This is not so. I remember upon the accession of George IV., that I
+received a summons, being then a member of the House of Commons and
+holding an official appointment; and some other private gentlemen were
+also summoned. I _think_ that the summonses were issued from the Home
+Office, but of this I am not certain; nor do I know if the same practice
+has been adopted upon the subsequent accessions. I remember that we all
+met at Carlton House; that we all signed some document, recognising the
+new sovereign, which I apprehend to be the authority for the
+proclamation; but that the _Privy Councillors only_ went in to the
+presence.
+
+I understand that the theory for summoning me and others was that some
+persons of various ranks and grades of society should concur in placing
+the new king upon the throne.
+
+All this is, however, mere speculation of my own. The _fact_ of my
+summons is certain. As to the Lord Mayor being Right Honorable, why need
+we look for other authority than usage? Usage only gives the title of
+Right Honorable to a Privy Councillor being a Commoner. Usage only gives
+that title to a Peer. Excuse this gossip.
+
+    DN.
+
+
+COLLARS OF SS.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 147.)
+
+I have the pleasure to add to the early examples of the collar of SS.
+given by MR. EDWARD FOSS, the names of some personages whose monuments
+are either represented or described in Blore's _Monumental Remains_,
+Dugdale's _History of St. Paul's_, Gough's _Sepulchral Monuments_, and
+Stothard's _Monumental Effigies_.
+
+1. On the effigy of Sir Simon Burley, engraved by Hollar for Dugdale, is
+a collar apparently marked, but very indistinctly, with SS. Sir Simon
+was a Knight of the Garter, Chamberlain to Richard II., and was beheaded
+in 1388.
+
+2 and 3. Sir Robert Waterton and his wife, in Methley church, Yorkshire.
+The collar was issued to this knight, when he was an esquire, out of the
+great wardrobe of Henry Earl of Derby, in the 20th year of Richard II.
+
+4. Sir William Ryther, in Harwood church, Yorkshire: he lived in the
+time of Richard II.
+
+5. John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, in the cathedral at Canterbury. He
+was Chamberlain of England, and Captain of Calais in the reign of Henry
+IV., and died in 1410.
+
+6. Thomas Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel, in Arundel church, Sussex; Chief
+Butler of England at the coronation of Henry IV., who with his queen was
+present at the earl's wedding in 1404; temporary Marshal of England in
+1405. Died in 1416, the 4th of Henry V.
+
+7 and 8. Sir Edmund de Thorpe and his wife, in Ashwell-Thorpe church,
+Norfolk. Two persons of this name, Mon' Esmond Thorp and Mon' Esmon de
+Thor[=p], were summoned to a great council held at Westminster in the
+2nd of Henry IV. It is considered that this Sir Edmund is the person
+called Lord Thorpe, who was slain in Normandy in 1418; that his wife is
+Joan, daughter of Sir Robert Norwood, and widow of Roger Lord Scales;
+and that she is the Lady Thorpe who died in 1415.
+
+9. Thomas Duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV., President of the
+Council, and Lieutenant General of the Forces. He died in 1421. Monument
+in Canterbury cathedral.
+
+10, 11, and 12. Ralph Nevill, Earl of Westmorland, and his two wives, in
+Staindrop church, co. Durham. He was created Earl of Westmorland by
+Richard II., made Earl Marshal of England by Henry IV., present at the
+battle of Agincourt with Henry V., and died in the 4th of Henry VI.,
+1425.
+
+Margaret, his first wife, was the daughter of Hugh Earl of Stafford; and
+his second wife was Joan de Beaufort, only daughter of John of Ghent,
+Duke of Lancaster, by Catherine Swinford.
+
+13. John Fitz-Alan, Lord Maltravers and Earl of Arundel, in the church
+at Arundel, Sussex. He distinguished himself by the capture of many
+towns and fortresses in Normandy in the year of his death, 1434.
+
+14. William Phelip Lord Bardolf, in Dennington church, Suffolk.
+Treasurer of the household of Henry V., Knight of the Garter, and
+Chamberlain to Henry VI. Died in the 19th year of this reign, 1440.
+
+15 and 16. John Beaufort Duke of Somerset, and his wife, in Wimborne
+Minster, Dorset, Knight of the Garter, created Duke of Somerset and Earl
+of Kendal, and at the same time made Lieutenant and Captain-General of
+Aquitaine, France and Normandy. Died in 1444.
+
+17. Robert Lord Hungerford, who served in the wars in France and
+Guienne, and died in 1453. His effigy is drawn by Stothard (_Mon. Eff._
+p. 98.).
+
+18. Sir John Nevill, in Harwood church, Yorkshire. Died 22nd Edward IV.,
+1482.
+
+I presume that MR. EDWARD FOSS would refer to the curious passage in the
+printed _Rolls of Parliament_, vol. iii. p. 313., wherein it appears
+that Richard II., in the 20th year of his reign, formally declared that
+he _assumed_, bore, and used, and that by his leave and wish persons of
+his retinue also bore and used, the livery of the collar of his uncle,
+the Duke of Lancaster.
+
+Mr. John Gough Nichols, in the _Gent. Mag._ for 1842, quotes the
+principal part of this passage, and produces some interesting evidence
+in favour of the view that the livery of the collar of the Duke of
+Lancaster was the collar of SS.
+
+    LLEWELLYN.
+
+
+WRITTEN SERMONS.
+
+(Vol. iii., pp. 478. 526.; Vol. iv., pp. 8. 41.)
+
+The statement that the reading of sermons did not prevail in the early
+ages of Christianity not having been called in question, although
+irreconcileable with the practice of the Fathers, as ascertained from
+their own writings, I am induced to observe that in _Ferrarius de Ritu
+Sac. Concionum_, evidence is adduced that extemporaneous preaching was
+occasionally superseded by more elaborate and written discourses,
+sometimes committed to memory, sometimes recited, that is, read.
+
+  "Narrat Gregorius (Hom. 21. ex Libro Quadraginta Homiliarum)
+  solemne ibi fuisse dum Concionem haberet, per Dictatum loqui;
+  additque, Ob languentem stomachum jam _legere_ se non posse quae
+  dictaverat; ac proinde velle se Evangelicae Lectionis explanationem
+  non amplius per Dictatum, sed per familiares collocutiones
+  pronunciare. Per Dictatum autem loqui nihil aliud fuit Gregorio
+  quam de scripto dicere ex eo perspicuum fit, quod verbo Dictare
+  pro Scribere passim usi sunt Veteres Auctores, Sidonius Epistola
+  septima Libri primi, undecima quarti, ultima septimi, sexta
+  octavi, tertia noni; Aldhelmus _de Laudibus Virginitatis_, cap.
+  vii., Gregorius Magnus, lib. x. _Epistolarum_, Ep. xxii. "ad
+  Joannem Ravennae Subdiaconum," et "Epistola ad Leonardum;" quae
+  praemittitur Expositioni in Job, et alii: usu nimirum ex prisco
+  more petito quo Auctores olim, ut est apud Plinium in Epistolis
+  non uno loco, Notariis dictare consueverant. Vox praeterea Legere
+  qua usus est Gregorius hoc ipsum aperte confirmat; ea enim
+  dumtaxat legere possumus quaae scripta sunt et ante oculos
+  posita."--Ferrarius, _ut supra_, lib ii. 15.
+
+Fabricius, in his _Bibliothecaria Antiquaria_ (cap. xi., De Concionibus
+Christianorum), thus refers to this passage:
+
+  "Conciones plerasque dictas ex memoria, quasdam etiam de scripto
+  recitatas, observatum Ferrario, lib. ii. cap. 15."
+
+It may therefore be inferred that he knew of no other testimony equally
+pertinent, but surely we may surmise that other fathers, _e.g._ Gregory
+Nazianzen (who, in the words of Bellarmine, "sapientiam mirifice cum
+eloquentia copulavit") occasionally were unable to commit to memory the
+numerous discussions which they had so diligently prepared.
+
+I have been requested by the Rev. Richard Bingham, Jun., to state that
+he has in his possession autograph sermons by his illustrious ancestor,
+in some of which are notes only or heads of subjects, and which are
+therefore unfavourable to the suspicion expressed (p. 42.), that the
+author of the _Antiquities of the Christian Church_ was prejudiced
+against extempore preaching.
+
+    BIBLIOTHECARIUS CHETHAMENSIS.
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_The Authoress of "A Residence on the Shores of the Baltic"_ (Vol. iv.,
+p. 113.).--As in a publication such as "NOTES AND QUERIES" the most
+precise correctness, even in matters of secondary importance, is, above
+all things, to be desiderated, I am sure J. R. will be glad to be
+corrected in a statement made by him, in the concluding sentence of his
+interesting communication, "Traditions from remote Periods through few
+Hands," concerning the above accomplished lady. This elegant writer was
+not "one of _four_ congenital children," though it is quite true that
+such a birth occurred in her family. The following account of so unusual
+an occurrence is taken from Matchett's _Norfolk and Norwich Remembrancer
+and Vade Mecum_, a work compiled principally from the columns of _The
+Norfolk Chronicle_, of which Mr. Matchett was for many year a
+co-proprietor and assistant editor:--
+
+  "August 15, 1817. At Dr. R.'s house, at Framingham (a small
+  village four miles from Norwich), Mrs. R., who in 1804 had first
+  brought him twins, was safely delivered of four living children,
+  three sons and a daughter, who were privately baptized by the
+  names of Primus John, Secundus Charles Henry, Tertius Robert
+  Palgrave, and Quarta Caroline. They were weighed with their shirts
+  on by Dr. Hamel, physician to the Grand Duke Nicholas of Russia,
+  who paid Dr. R. a visit a few days after the quadruple birth, and
+  were found to be 21 lbs. 2 oz. One lived eighteen days; the other
+  three from eight to ten weeks. Dr. R. being a grandfather at the
+  time, the children were born great-uncles and a great-aunt."
+
+They are buried in Framingham Earl churchyard, where is a table monument
+over their remains, setting forth the above particulars in full, with
+the respective periods of their deaths.
+
+Dr. R. was Mayor of Norwich in 1805, and, as J. R. states, an eminent
+physician of that city. He was the author of _An Essay on Animal Heat_,
+_On the Agriculture of Framingham and Holkham_, and of other works on
+Midwifery, Medicine, and Agriculture. He died Oct. 27, 1821, aged
+seventy-three years.
+
+    COWGILL.
+
+_Winifreda_ (Vol. iii., p. 27.; Vol. iv., p. 196.).--Notwithstanding the
+MS. note referred to by DR. RIMBAULT in a recent number, I cannot think
+that G. A. Stevens was the author of "Winifreda," as he had barely
+attained his sixteenth year when that song was first printed in 1726.
+Neither is it easy to imagine that the commonplace lines quoted in
+Reed's _Biographia Dramatica_, vol. i. p. 687., from Stevens's poem
+called "Religion, or the Libertine Repentant," and "Winifreda," could
+have been the production of the same person. We learn also from Reed,
+that, owing to a pirated edition of Stevens's songs being published at
+Whitehaven, he in 1772 printed a genuine collection of them at Oxford.
+This book I never met with. Should it contain Winifreda, I shall be
+satisfied: if not, we may still say of the mysterious author, "Non est
+inventus."
+
+    BRAYBROOKE.
+
+_Querelle d'Alleman_ (Vol. iii, p. 495.), not _d'Allemand_, as your
+correspondent MR. BREEN has written it; this saying deriving its origin
+from the _Allemans_, a powerful family of the Dauphine, in the
+thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and having no reference whatever to
+the national character of the Germans, as will appear by the following
+extract from the _Revue Historique de la Noblesse, voce_ ALLEMAN:--
+
+  "Durant le 13e et le 14e siecle, la region montagneuse qui s'eleve
+  entre le Drac et l'Isere etait presque en totalite le domaine
+  d'une immense famille de seigneurs qui portaient tous le nom
+  _d'Alleman_.... Jamais souche feodale ne produisit plus de
+  rameaux, et nulle part les membres d'une meme famille ne se
+  grouperent autour de leurs chefs avec un soin plus jaloux.... Ils
+  se mariaient entre eux, jugeaient entre eux leurs differends, et
+  en toute circonstance se pretaient les uns aux autres un
+  infaillible appui. Malheur a l'imprudent voisin qui eut trouble
+  dans son heritage ou dans son honneur le plus humble des
+  _Alleman_. Sur la plainte de l'offense, un conseil de famille
+  etait reuni, la guerre votee par acclamations, et l'on voyait
+  bientot deboucher dans la plaine de Grenoble les bandes armees qui
+  guidaient au chatiment de l'agresseur les bannieres d'Uriage et de
+  Valbonnais."
+
+Hence, from the ardour with which this family avenged the smallest
+injury, came the saying, "_Faire une querelle d'Alleman_;" to which
+Oudin, in his _Curiosites Francoises_, gives the following
+interpretation:--
+
+  "_Querelle d'Alleman_, fondee sur peu de sujet et facile a
+  appaiser."
+
+Having reference to the same family was also the proverb, known in the
+Dauphine, "_Gare la queue des Alleman_," applied to those entering upon
+some difficult enterprise; in other words, "mind the consequences."
+
+In Le Roux de Lincy's _Livres des Proverbes Francais_, vol. ii. p. 15.,
+I find the following:
+
+      "Arces, Varces, Granges et Comiers,
+      Tel les regarde qui ni les ose ferier,
+      Mais gare la queue d'Alleman et des Brangiers."
+
+    PHILIP S. KING.
+
+_Coins of Constantius II._ (Vol. ii., pp. 42. 254.).--Not being exactly
+satisfied with my former reply to MR. WITTON on this subject, I have
+made further search on the subject in numismatic works, and I would
+refer him to the following note in Banduri, vol. ii. p. 418.:--
+
+  "Galli numismata Antiquarii olim cum nummis Constantii Augusti
+  confundebant; sed Erud. Harduinus numismata omnia Constantii
+  Caesaris (Galli) in quibus FEL. TEMP. REPARATIO. item ea in quibus
+  CONSTANTIVS. IVN. appellatur, aut FL. CL. CONSTANTIVS, ad Gallum
+  nostrum pertinere ostendit; in quibus omnibus cum eadem effigies
+  expressa sit a Constantii Augusti effigie plurimum diversa, et
+  caput nudum semper sit; omnia numismata in quibus et caput nudum,
+  et idem qui in caeteris vultus conspicitur, ad eundem Gallum
+  retulimus, tametsi eorum numismatum nonnulla FL. IVL. Constantium
+  appellant. Haud dissimulandum tamen descripta ab Occone fuisse
+  numismata duo Constantii Augusti, in quibus FL. CL. Constantius
+  nominatur, quae inter numismata illius Principis ex aere incerti
+  moduli exhibuimus supra. Caeterum hujus Principis nummi omnes ex
+  argento rari sunt, et desiderantur in Mediobarbo, excepto hoc,
+  quem perperam (licet ex Tristano) inter aereos recenset laudatus
+  Mediobarbus, et duobus sequentibus."
+
+On the whole, therefore, I conclude, that we may more safely assign to
+Gallus the _bare_ head; the legends "CONSTANTIVS IVN." and "FL. CL.
+CONSTANTIVS," and the _diademed_ head, and the legends, "FL. IVL.
+CONSTANTIVS," and "CONSTANTIVS AVG.," to Constantius II. Those with "FL.
+VAL. CONSTANTIVS" would seem more properly to belong to Constantius
+Chlorus. I may add, that all those coins of Constantius which bear an A
+behind the portrait, certainly belong to Gallus.
+
+    E. S. TAYLOR.
+
+_Proverb; what constitutes one?_ (Vol. iv., p. 191.).--There can be no
+doubt that, according to modern usage, any short sentence which is
+commonly used, whether by way of enunciating a principle, foretelling a
+consequence, describing a situation, or recommending a course of action,
+&c., is a proverb. Brevity is an essential: that is, we apply the term
+_proverb_ to nothing but apophthegms. In truth, nothing but what is said
+in few words can be frequently said by all. Accordingly a proverb, in
+the nineteenth century, is a commonly known and frequently cited
+apophthegm. But it was not always so. The _proverb_ was only _one_ of a
+class which we may cite under the name of _adage_, because the various
+folio collections of them generally have this word in the title, as
+descriptive of all. These works contain proverbs properly so called,
+sentences (_sententiae_, pieces of _sententiousness_), parables,
+apologues, aphorisms, witticisms, apophthegms, &c. &c., many of the
+instances having a right to two or more of these names. According to
+Erasmus, all the definitions which he had met with of the _paroemia_ or
+_proverb_ might be contained under one or other of the following:--
+
+  "Proverbium est sermo ad vitae rationem conducibilis, moderata
+  quadam obscuritate multam in sese continens utilitatem."
+
+  "Proverbium est sermo, rem manifestam obscuritate tegens."
+
+The old proverb then has a soul of utility, and a body of obscurity: the
+modern one has a soul of brevity, and a body of notoriety. This
+distinction will be held obscure enough for an old proverb, but not
+brief enough for a new one.
+
+    M.
+
+_Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe_ (Vol. iv., p. 152.).--Your learned correspondent
+MR. CROSSLEY is right in his conjecture that this celebrated
+controversialist was of a family settled at Mayroyd in the parish of
+Halifax in Yorkshire. According to a pedigree certified in 1624 by Sir
+William Segar, Garter, he was the second son of John Sutcliffe of
+Melroyd, in the county of York, gent., by his wife Margaret, daughter of
+---- Owlsworth of Ashley in the same county. The Doctor married Ann,
+daughter of John Bradley of Louth, co. Lincoln, Esq., and had issue an
+only daughter Ann, the wife of Mr. Halls or Halse, of the county of
+Devon. The Doctor had four brothers, viz. Adam, Solomon, Luke, and John.
+Adam, the eldest, lived at Grimsby, co. Lincoln, and had an only
+daughter, Judith. Solomon was of Melroyd and of Grimsby; he married
+Elizabeth, daughter of John Bradley of Louth, Esq., by Frances his wife,
+daughter of ---- Fairfax of Denton, co. York, and had issue four
+daughters, and also one son, viz. John Sutcliffe, one of the esquires of
+the body to King James. His wife was Alice, daughter of Luke Woodhouse
+of Kimberley, co. Norfolk, Esq., and he had issue one daughter, Susan.
+Segar granted arms to this gentleman in 1624. Of the other brothers of
+the Dean, Luke died unmarried, and John married a daughter of Jo. Kirton
+of Lincolnshire.
+
+    F. R. R.
+
+  Milnrow Parsonage.
+
+_Pope's Translations, or Imitations of Horace_ (Vol. i., p. 230.; Vol.
+iv., pp. 58. 122. 139.).--Having every wish to accede to the request of
+your correspondent C., I have made a search, but am unable to lay my
+hand at present on the publication by Curll. There can be no doubt that
+I shall ultimately meet with it; and when I do, it will be quite at his
+service. Having compared it not very long ago with the folio edition by
+Boreman of this Imitation, which I suppose was the first in its complete
+state, I can be under no mistake as to the existence of the prior
+publication. It occurs in a thin 8vo. published by Curll in 1716,
+containing poetical miscellanies, which in my copy are bound up with
+other tracts. It is headed "By Mr. P----e," and contains only a portion
+of that subsequently printed. Curll afterwards reprinted the Imitation,
+as published by Boreman, in one of the volumes, I think the third of the
+collection, which he styles "Letters of Mr. Pope."
+
+That the Imitation is by Pope, though I am not aware of any express
+acknowledgment of it by him, there can be no doubt, and as little that
+it found its way to the press, as published by Boreman, with his
+privity. Curll even says, if any weight be due to the assertions of such
+a miscreant, that Pope received a sum of money for it from Boreman. But
+I do not consider that Pope can be deemed to have affiliated it by its
+publication in Dodsley's edition in 1738; which is, as far as I have
+always understood, a mere bookseller's collection. The only collection
+of his works which can be called his own, and for which he is fairly
+responsible, is that in 2 vols., folio and 4to., 1717-35, to each volume
+of which a preface or notice by him is prefixed; and in the latter of
+these volumes, though previously published, he has not included this
+Imitation, which seems to indicate that he did not feel disposed to
+acknowledge it publicly, and indeed he had good reason to be ashamed of
+it.
+
+    JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_M. Lominus, Theologus_ (Vol. iv., p. 193.).--The exact title of the
+work inquired for is, _Blackloanae Haeresis, olim in Pelagio et Manichaeis
+damnatae, nunc denuo renascentis, Historia et Confutatio_. This 4to.
+volume consists of 332 pages, exclusive of the dedicatory epistle and
+the appendix; and a "printed account" of the author may be seen in Sir
+James Ware's _Writers of Ireland_ (ed. Harris, pp. 191-3), and in Dodd's
+_Church History of England_, vol. iii. pp. 284-5.: Brussels, 1742. It is
+to be hoped that in the Bodleian Catalogue something further has been
+stated respecting this curious and very rare book than that it was
+written by "M. Lominus, Theologus," who was merely an imaginary divine.
+The real author was the famous PETER TALBOT, brother of "Lying Dick
+Talbot" (the Duke of Tyrconnel and Viceroy of Ireland), almoner to
+Catharine, queen of Charles II., and titular Archbishop of Dublin.
+
+    R. G.
+
+The work referred to, entitled _Blackloanae Haeresis, olim in Pelagio et
+Manichaeis damnatae, nunc denuo renascentis, Historia et Confutatio_,
+Gand. 1675, 4to., I have a copy of. It is written against the
+Blackloists, the leaders of whom were Thomas White, the follower of Sir
+Kenelm Digby, and John Sargeant, the voluminous Roman Catholic writer.
+The real author of the book was Peter Talbot, the brother of Richard
+Talbot, Duke of Tyrconnel. He also published the _History of Manicheism
+and Pelagianism, in which it is shown that Thomas White and his
+Adherents have revived those Heresies_: Paris, 1674, 8vo.
+
+    JAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_Corpse passing makes a Right of Way_ (Vol. iii., pp. 477. 507. 519.;
+Vol. iv., p. 124.).--This belief is common in East Anglia, and such
+paths are called _Bierways_. When the common lands at Alby in Norfolk
+were enclosed, much difficulty was experienced in stopping one road, on
+account of its being an ancient bierway. In Norwich the passage through
+a part of the city called the Bull Close, is accounted public for this
+reason; and a very few years since a gentleman at Whittlesey, in
+Cambridgeshire, prevented a funeral from taking a shorter road through
+his grounds, through fear of its being afterwards esteemed a public
+thoroughfare.
+
+    E. S. TAYLOR.
+
+_Horology_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.).--H. C. K. will probably find all he
+requires in the _Penny Cyclopaedia_ (Articles "Horology" and "Pendulum"),
+or in a two-shilling volume published by Weale last year, Denison _on
+Clocks, Chimes, &c._, or in the other works enumerated below:--Ellicott
+_on regulating Clocks_, 4to., 1753; Vulliamy's _Considerations on Public
+Clocks_, 4to., 1828; Derham's _Artificial Clock Maker_, 12mo., 1734;
+Berthoudi's _Essai sur l'Horlogerie_, 4to., 2 vols. 1763.
+
+    H. T. E.
+
+  Clyst St. George.
+
+_Curfew_ (Vol. ii., p. 103.).--In Charleston, the capital of the state
+of South Carolina, a bell is tolled twice every evening, at eight and
+ten o'clock in summer, and at seven and nine in winter: this custom
+dates from early times. At the ringing of the _second_ bell the watch
+for the night is set, and our servants are prohibited from being abroad
+after that hour without a permit from their masters; the first bell
+subserves no purpose, and is merely rung in conformity to ancient usage.
+I am inclined to think that our ancestors had this bell rung in order to
+keep up the old custom of the curfew bell of their cherished
+mother-country. It is still a custom when "the first bell rings" for the
+younger children of the family to say "Good night," and retire to bed.
+This is the only practical use to which this early ringing is put, and a
+capital custom it is, though rather distasteful to the young folks when
+they are anxious to sit up a little longer.
+
+    H. H. B.
+
+  Monte Cavallo, South Carolina.
+
+"_Going the whole Hog_" (Vol. iii., p. 250.).--A querist asks
+information as to the origin of the American figure of speech "to go the
+whole hog." I apprehend its parentage belongs less to America than to
+Ireland, where a "hog" is still the synonym for a shilling, and a
+"tester" or "taster" for a sixpence. Previously to the assimilation of
+the currency of the two countries in 1825, a "white hog" meant the
+English shilling or twelve pence, and a "black hog" the Irish shilling,
+of thirteen pence. To "go the whole hog" is a convivial determination
+_to spend the whole shilling_, and the prevalence of the expression,
+with an extension of its applications in America, can be readily traced
+to its importation by the multitudes of emigrants from Ireland.
+
+    M. R***SON.
+
+  Belfast.
+
+_John Bodley_ (Vol. iv., p. 59.).--"---- Burleigh, M.A." who is
+mentioned by S. S. S. as one of the translators of the Bible in 1611,
+must have been a different person to John Bodley, the father of the
+celebrated Sir Thomas Bodley. In the very interesting "History of
+English Translations and Translators" prefixed to Bagster's _English
+Hexapla_, "Mr. Burgley of Stretford" is mentioned as one, with this
+note:--
+
+  "In the Lambeth MS. it is 'Mr. Henry Burleigh.' It is added, one
+  of that name was B.D. in 1594, and D.D. in 1607."--P. 104.
+
+Townley, however, in his _Illustrations of Biblical Literature_, 1821,
+vol. iii. p. 293, supposes him to have been the Francis Burleigh, D.D.,
+who, according to Newcourt, became vicar of Stortford, or Bishop
+Stortford, in 1590. See _Repertorium_, vol. i. p. 896.
+
+    JOHN I. DREDGE.
+
+Among my matches in and about London (which I shall always be glad to
+search for your correspondents) is the following:
+
+  "23 July 1608, _John Bodleigh_, Aldgate, printer B. 34, free of
+  the stationers and a freeman; and _Elizabeth Hemp_ of Paul's
+  Wharf, Sp. 30. St. Brides."
+
+    J. S. B.
+
+_Ancient Egypt, Language of_ (Vol. iv., p. 152.).--In Adelung's
+_Mithridates_ the titles of the best works explanatory of this language
+will be found. To these must be added those of Dr. Thomas Young and
+Champollian Junior. There are some recent German works on the subject;
+your correspondent will, however, be very little benefited after
+mastering all the writers, for they have really but little to tell. The
+method to be pursued with a feasible prospect of success is, to acquire
+the Coptic-Egyptian language from the New Testament and De Woide, with
+the special object of mastering the roots, about 200 in number, of that
+language. Next, some knowledge of the Chinese language should be
+obtained, so far at least as is necessary to comprehend the
+_hieroglyphic principle_, whereby 214 letter-keys are made to do duty in
+representing 5000, or more, distinct ideas. The next matter, which
+admits of a very simple explanation, is to ascertain how the Chinese
+_dissevers_ the _idea_ of a character (hieroglyphic) from its _sound_,
+and makes his ideas (hieroglyphic characters) stand for syllables alone,
+by prefixing the character _more_ (mouth) to indicate that the
+characters next following are to be read as _sounds_ and not as _ideas_.
+In the Egyptian hieroglyphic such characters (representing the names of
+places and persons) are inclosed in a sort of lozenge or parallelogram.
+Having found out certain _sounds_ in the Egyptian hieroglyphic, _e.g._
+_Cle-o-pa-tra_, turn to the _Coptic Lexicon_ and ascertain what _idea_
+(thing) _cle_ represents in Coptic, and so on with _o_, with _pa_, &c.,
+and all other with syllable sounds. Here Champollian Junior stuck fast,
+and little has been done since his day in the way of _translation_; and
+the reason is evident--the separate characters representing sounds found
+in these lozenges are too few in number to give any hope that the
+Egyptian hieroglyphics will ever be rendered generally intelligible;
+their object, however, has been far more effectually secured by the
+paintings and representations of objects and actions, which supply an
+infinitely better means of knowing what was interesting in Egypt than
+mere words, sounds, or ideas (hieroglyphics) could convey.
+
+    J. BUCKTON.
+
+  Lichfield.
+
+_The late William Hone_ (Vol. iii., p. 477., Vol. iv., pp. 105,
+106.).--If E. V. will take the trouble to apply to the Rev. Thomas
+Binney, of the Weigh House Chapel, London, he will be in the way of
+receiving the most authentic information concerning the happy
+conversion, and triumphant death, of William Hone, who adorned the
+doctrine of God his Saviour for some years previous to his decease in
+communion with a congregation of Protestant Dissenters.
+
+    O. T. D.
+
+The interesting letter of the late William Hone, published in Vol. iv.,
+pp. 105, 106., scarcely throws any discredit upon an anecdote I often
+have heard as to the means of his _first awakening_ to a better mind,
+somewhat as follows:--that, asking a drink of milk of a little child,
+and observing a book in her hand, he inquired what it was? She answered,
+"A Bible:" and, in reply to some depreciatory remarks of his, added, "I
+thought everybody loved their Bible, Sir." I hope that this may not be
+contradicted, but confirmed.
+
+    C. W. B.
+
+_Bensley_ (Vol. iv., p. 115.).--The "Bensley tragedy" was no doubt the
+sudden death, in April or May, 1765, by a fall from his horse, of _James
+Bensley_, Esq., of Lincoln's Inn; probably an early acquaintance of Hill
+and Cowper. The melancholy death of another friend of theirs, poor Lloyd
+(which Southey also calls a _tragedy_), had happened three or four
+months earlier.
+
+    C.
+
+_John Lilburne_ (Vol. iv., p. 134.).--The name of John Lilburne occurs
+in Cleveland's _Poems_ more than once, _e.g._ "The General Eclipse:"--
+
+      "Thus 'tis a general eclipse,
+      And the whole world is _al-a-mort_;
+      Only the House of Commons trips
+      The stage in a Triumphant sort,
+      Now e'en _John Lilburn_ take 'em for't."
+
+        _Works_, p. 57. Lond. 1687.
+
+And again, "On the Inundation of the River Trent," p. 294.:
+
+      "One herd and flock in one kind hill found mercy,
+      Like _Lilburn_ (and his wool) in the Isle of _Jersey_."
+
+    RT.
+
+  Warmington.
+
+_School of the Heart_ (Vol. iii., p. 390. Vol. iv., p. 141.).--Is your
+correspondent aware of Benedict Haeften's _Schola Cordis_, from which
+Harvey's _School of the Heart_ was imitated? It was published at Antwerp
+in 1635. The copy I now have before me is dated 1699, but I will give
+its full title:
+
+  "Schola Cordis, sive aversi a Deo Cordis ad eumdem reductio, et
+  instructio. Auctore Benedicto Haefteno, Reformati Monast.
+  Affligeminsis, Ordinis S. Benedicti, praeposito. Antverpiae, apud
+  Henricum et Cornelium Verdurrin, MDCXCIX."
+
+P. S. The _emblems_ are fifty-five in number.
+
+    RT.
+
+  Warmington.
+
+_Sir W. Raleigh in Virginia_ (Vol. iv., p. 190.).--That Mr. Hallam
+should have forgotten to correct an incidental allusion is natural
+enough; and that Raleigh in person discovered Virginia _was_ commonly
+believed. Sir Walter Scott, for instance, believed it, as appears by a
+passage at the end of _Kenilworth_. But the very title-page of Hariot's
+account of the discovery of Virginia (whether in the English of 1588, or
+the Frankfort Latin of 1590), negatives the idea of Raleigh assisting in
+person. And the _Biographia Britannica_, or, I believe, any similar work
+of authority, will show that no biographer of note has affirmed it. It
+was an expedition _fitted out_ by Raleigh which discovered Virginia.
+
+    M.
+
+It appears by the _Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia_, by
+Strachey, so ably edited by Mr. Major for the Hakluyt Society, that Sir
+Walter Raleigh sent out his first expedition to Virginia in 1584, under
+Captain Amadas; in 1585 a fleet under Sir R. Grenville, which he
+intended to have commanded in person, but jealousy at court prevented
+him. In 1587 a second fleet was sent to Roanoak under Captain White, in
+1590 supplies by Captain White, and in 1602 he sent Samuel Mace. Neither
+Oldys nor Cayley mention his having gone there; and as they carry on the
+events of his life pretty clearly year by year, I think, in reply to the
+Query of MR. BREEN, that there is pretty good evidence to show that he
+never was there.
+
+    E. N. W.
+
+  Southwark.
+
+_Siege of Londonderry_ (Vol. iv., p. 162.).--Can B. G. give any
+information respecting the list of persons who received grants of land
+in the county of Londonderry after the conclusion of the war in 1691?
+Also, whether he knows of an old ballad (cotemporary I believe) called
+"The Battle of the Boyne?" I have an old history of the siege of Derry,
+by Mr. George Walker, 1689. I should be glad to know what the pamphlet
+contains, and whether the family of Downing are mentioned in it.
+
+    A. C. L.
+
+_Cowper Law_ (Vol. iv., p. 101.).--For the satisfaction of your
+correspondent C. DE D., I transcribe from Jamieson's _Dictionary_ the
+following:
+
+  "COWPER JUSTICE, trying a man after execution: the same with
+  _Jeddart_, or _Jedburgh justice_[17] [See JEDDART JUSTICE.]
+
+      "'Yet let the present swearing trustees
+      Know they give conscience _Cowper Justice_,
+      And by subscribing it in gross,
+      Renounces every solid gloss.--
+      And if my judgement be not scant,
+      Some lybel will be relevant,
+      And all the process firm and fast,
+      To give the counsel _Jedburgh cast_.'
+            "Cleland's _Poems_, pp. 109, 110.
+
+  "This phrase is said to have had its rise from the conduct of a
+  Baron-bailie in _Coupar_-Angus, before the abolition of heritable
+  jurisdictions."
+
+  [Footnote 17: Also "_Jedwood_ Justice." See Scott's _Fair Maid of
+  Perth_, vol. xliii. p. 304.]
+
+    CHARLES THIRIOLD.
+
+  Cambridge, Sept. 8. 1851.
+
+_Decretorum Doctor_ (Vol. iv., p. 191.).--The precise meaning of this
+term is Doctor of the Canon Law. A doctor of laws was a doctor of _both
+the laws_ (that is, the Civil Law _and_ the Canon Law). The University
+of Cambridge was forbidden to grant degrees in Canon Law in 1535; and
+soon afterwards these degrees were discontinued in Oxford, in
+consequence of the repudiation of the Papal authority, although three or
+more persons took the degree of Bachelor of Decrees there in the reign
+of Queen Mary. Further details respecting the Canon Law, and the
+graduates in that faculty, will be found in Fuller's _History of the
+University of Cambridge_, ed. Priskett and Wright, pp. 220. 225.; Wood's
+_History and Antiq. of the University of Oxford_, ed. Gutch, vol. i. pp.
+63. 359.; vol. ii. pp. 67. 79. 768, 769, 770. 902.; Hallam's _Middle
+Ages_, 9th ed. vol. ii. p. 2.; _Peacock on Statutes of the University of
+Cambridge_, Appendix A. xlix. n. 1.
+
+    C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge, Sept. 13. 1851.
+
+_Nightingale and Thorn_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.), by A. W. H.:--
+
+      "Every thing did banish moan,
+      Save the nightingale alone:
+      She, poor bird, as all forlorn,
+      Leaned her breast up-till a thorn,
+      And there sung the dolefull'st ditty,
+      That to hear it was great pity."
+            Shakspeare: _Passionate Pilgrim_, xix.
+
+    W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.
+
+  Temple.
+
+The earliest allusion to this fable, that I know of, occurs in the
+_Passionate Pilgrim_, Sect. xix.
+
+Ovid, in his version of the fable of Tereus, does not introduce the
+thorn; so probably the allusion is not classical.
+
+Apollodorus also gives this myth, but I have him not to refer to.
+
+    H. E. H.
+
+_Carli the Economist_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.).--ALPHA will find in a very
+excellent work, entitled _Storia della Economia Pubblica in Italia, &c.,
+di Giuseppe Pecchio_, Lugano, 1829, 8vo., the information he requires
+regarding the first work on political economy, by an Italian writer, who
+seems to have been Gasparo Scaruffi; and also learn that Gian Rinaldo
+Carli died in 1795.
+
+    F. R. A.
+
+_Tale of a Tub_ (Vol. i., p. 326.; Vol. iii., p. 28.).--It is no wonder
+that Henry VIII.'s chancellor Sir Thomas More should have heard of an
+extraordinary tale about a tub, since its earliest form--the model of so
+many copies--is in Apuleius, at the beginning of the 9th book. It forms
+likewise the argument of the second novel of Boccacio's _Seventh Day,
+ove_ "Peronella mette un suo amante in un doglio." Girolamo Morlino told
+the same objectionable story in Latin; and Agnolo Firenzuola, the
+Italian translator of Apuleius, seems to have adopted the witty
+Florentine's imagery, forgetting the original which he professed to
+follow. See Manni, _Istoria del Decamerone_, Firenze, 1742, pp. 466.
+472. "Tale of a tub," like Conte de peau d'ane, Conte de la Cigogne,
+Conte de la Mere Oie, denotes a marvellous or cock and bull story--Conte
+gras, Conte pour rire. There is no doubt that Jean-Jaques' miniature
+French opera, _Le Tonnelier_, was founded, though through certain
+strainers well refined, on the wicked Milesian fiction of the African
+jester:
+
+      "Un tonnelier vieux et jaloux
+        Aimait une jeune bergere:
+      Il voulait etre son epoux,
+        Mais il n'avait pas su lui plaire:
+          Travaillez, travaillez, bon tonnelier!
+          Raccommodez votre cuvier!"
+
+    GEORGE METIVIER.
+
+_Wyle Cop_ (Vol. iv., p. 116.).--May not Wyle Cop be derived from the
+Anglo-Saxon _wylle_, well or fountain, and _cop_, head or top? SALOPIAN
+can perhaps judge whether "_Fountain Hill_" or "_Well Head_" would be at
+all applicable to the Wyle Cop in Shrewsbury.
+
+    THOS. LAWRENCE.
+
+  Ashby de la Zouch.
+
+_Visiting Cards_ (Vol. iv., pp. 133. 195.).--"Marriage a-la-Mode," Plate
+IV., supplies an additional proof of playing cards having done duty as
+Visiting Cards and Cards of Invitation during the middle of the last
+century. There are several lying on the floor, in the right-hand corner
+of the picture. One is inscribed--"Count Basset begs to no how Lade
+Squander sleapt last nite."
+
+    C. FORBES.
+
+  Temple.
+
+_Absalom's Hair_ (Vol. iv., p. 131.).--Your correspondent P. P. remarks
+in the number of "NOTES AND QUERIES" for August 23, that "Absalom's long
+hair had nothing to do with his death; his head itself, and not the hair
+upon it, having been caught in the boughs of the tree." Even allowing
+the silence of Scripture upon the matter, the tradition has certainly
+the basis of respectable antiquity to rest on. Bishop J. Taylor thus
+writes in his _Second Sermon upon St. Matthew_, xvi. 26. _ad finem_:--
+
+  "The Doctors of the Jews report that when _Absalom hanged among
+  the oaks by the hair of the head_, he seemed to see under him Hell
+  gaping wide ready to receive him; and he _durst not cut off the
+  hair that intangled him_, for fear he should fall into the horrid
+  Lake, whose portion is flames and torment, but chose to protract
+  his miserable life a few minutes in that pain of posture, and to
+  abide the stroke of his pursuing enemies. His condition was sad
+  when his arts of remedy were so vain."
+
+    RT.
+
+  Warmington, Sept. 3, 1851.
+
+_MS. Book of Sentences_ (Vol. iv., p. 188.).--The name of the Durham
+monk referred to by W. S. W. is more probably "Swallwell" than
+"Wallwell," because the former is the name of a township or vill in
+Durham county.
+
+    E. S.
+
+_The Winchester Execution_ (Vol. iv., p. 191.).--The narrative related
+from memory of M. W. B. bears on its face strong indications of fiction:
+according to that statement a sheepstealer was "some years ago"
+condemned to death; a "warrant" for his execution was made out, but
+mislaid, by whom does not appear. After the lapse of years, during which
+the prisoner had been employed in "executing commissions in distant
+places" for the gaoler, and in obtaining a high character for his
+amiable and moral conduct, the fatal warrant arrives, and is "forwarded
+to the high sheriff, and to the delinquent himself," who is forthwith
+hanged.
+
+Any one acquainted with the course of practice at assizes at the period
+to which this anecdote refers, must be aware that no "warrant," in the
+sense in which the word is here used, was ever made out in such cases.
+The prisoner is legally in the custody of the sheriff when sentence is
+passed in court, and he leaves the court in that same custody. The
+judgment so pronounced is itself the warrant, though a short memorandum
+or note of it is officially made at the time; unless the judge reprieves
+or suspends the sentence, no sheriff waits for any further authority,
+and as for the unfortunate delinquent, no judge, sheriff, or gaoler ever
+supposed that any copy of a warrant was to be handed to the prisoner
+himself! During the interval between sentence and execution, if there be
+no reprieve or release from imprisonment by the authority of the
+executive, the prisoner is, and always has been, kept by the sheriff _in
+salva et arcta custodia_ in the county gaol. The idea of an employment
+for years in rambling about the country on the gaoler's errands, is a
+preposterous figment, composed by some novelist who was unacquainted
+with the needful machinery for giving an air of verisimilitude to his
+story. The legend seems to be a version of the fate of Sir W. Raleigh
+adapted to low life; as in his case the scene is laid at Winchester, but
+the machinery and decorations are not contrived with a due regard to
+probability.
+
+      "Quodcunque essendis mihi sic, incredulus odi."
+
+    E. S.
+
+_Locke's MSS._ (Vol. iii., p. 337.).--A good account of Locke's MSS. is
+to be found in Blakey's _History of Metaphysics_. They were in the
+possession of the Forster family, whose representative, Dr. Forster,
+M.D., is now, or was very lately, residing at Bruges.
+
+    AEGROTUS.
+
+_Peal of Bells_ (Vol. i., p. 154.).--The definition of a _peal_, viz.,
+"a performance of above 5,000 changes," was recently confirmed to me by
+the two following inscriptions, which I read in the belfry of the curfew
+tower at Windsor:--
+
+  "Feb. 21, 1748, was rung in this steeple a complete 5,040 of union
+  trebles, never performed here before."
+
+  "College Youths.--This society rung in this steeple, Tuesday,
+  April 10, 1787, _a true and complete peal_ of 5,040 grandsire
+  triples in three hours and fourteen minutes."
+
+A stone tablet in the bell chamber of Ecclesfield church records, that a
+few months ago "was rung in this tower _a peal_ of Kent treble bob
+major, consisting of 5,024 changes in three hours and five minutes."
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Pope's "honest Factor"_ (Vol. iv., p. 6.).--If any one ever made a
+rational guess at who this _factor_ may have been, he must have been
+still more likely to have known who was meant by _Sir Balaam_, at whose
+identity I have never yet heard a guess. I suppose that both _factor_
+and _knight_ were fancy characters.
+
+    C.
+
+_Bells in Churches_ (Vol. iv., p. 165.).--The judgment stated to have
+been given by Lord Chief Justice _Campbell_, was given by Lord Chief
+Justice _Jervis_.
+
+    C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge.
+
+_Virgil, Passage from_ (Vol. iii., p. 499.).--The line of Virgil
+(_Georg._, lib. iv. 87.) quoted,
+
+      "Pulveris exigui jactu compressa quiescunt,"
+
+and the preceding line,
+
+    "Hi motus animorum atque haec certamina tanta,"
+
+have been happily applied to the contrasted quiescence of
+_Ash_-Wednesday immediately succeeding the tumultuous carnival in Roman
+Catholic countries, when the cross marked by _ashes_ on the forehead
+lulls to quiet the turbulent spirits of the previous weeks.
+
+    J. R.
+
+_Duke of Berwick_ (Vol. iv., p. 133.).--The Duke of Berwick, born in
+1671, and so created the 19th of March, 1687, by his father (natural)
+James II., was indeed a Spanish grandee, which he was made by Philip V.,
+after his victory of Almanza, in 1707; but the title was Liria, not
+Alva, which belonged to the great house of Toledo, and was rendered
+famous (or infamous) by its bearer under Philip II. Berwick, however,
+transferred this Spanish title of Liria to his son James, by his first
+wife Honera de Burgh, daughter of William, seventh Earl of Clanrickard,
+with the annexed territory, or _majorat_. She was the widow of Patrick
+Sarsfield, Earl of Lucan, who conducted 14,000 Irish refugees to France
+in 1691, after the surrender of Limerick to Ginkle. She died of
+consumption, still young, at Montpelier, in 1698. The Duke of St. Simon,
+in his _Memoires_, tome ii. p. 92., describes her as "belle, faite a
+peindre, touchante--une nymphe enfin;" but, though personally acquainted
+with her, he names her the daughter, instead of the widow, of Lucan.
+Berwick afterwards married Miss Buckley, one of the Queen Mary d'Este's
+maids of honour, by whom he had several children, who assumed the name
+of Fitz-James. Their descendants were colonels or proprietaires of the
+Irish Brigade regiment, called, after their founder, Berwick. The
+Spanish branch still maintains its rank and estates. Berwick was killed
+at the siege of Philpsburg, in Baden, the 12th June, 1734. His military
+talents were of acknowledged superiority; so far more resembling his
+uncle Marlborough than his father, whose dastardly flight at the Boyne
+he indignantly witnessed. His _Memoires_, in two volumes 12mo., were
+published from his manuscript by his grandson, the Duke of Fitz-James,
+in 1778.
+
+    J. R.
+
+  Cork.
+
+_Nullus and Nemo_ (Vol. iv., p. 153.).--The interpretation of "M.'s"
+woodcut will be found in Ulrich von Hutten's elegiac verses, which are
+exhibited in his [Greek: OUTIS], NEMO. Your correspondent's amusing
+conjecture about "nobody's child" was quite correct, as these lines
+prove:
+
+      "Quaerendus puero pater est: Nemo obtigit. At tu,
+      Si me audis, alium stulta require patrem."
+
+I suspect that "M.'s" old 4to. tracts bear a somewhat earlier date than
+1520-30; but probably, this matter might be determined by Burckhard's
+_Commentarius de Ulrici ab Hutten fatis et meritis_, or by his
+_Analecta_ (Cf. Freytag, _Adpar. Lit._ iii. 519.), or by means of
+Muenck's collection of De Hutten's works. I happen to have copies of two
+editions of the _Nemo_, which, though they are undated, must appertain
+to the year 1518. This was not, however, the period of the first
+publication of the poem; for the author, in a letter addressed to
+Erasmus in October, 1516, mentions it as having then appeared (Niceron,
+_Memoires_, xv. 266.): but the original impression of this satirical
+performance is without the prefatory epistle to Crotus Rubianus [Johan
+Jager], who is believed to have had no inconsiderable share in the
+composition of the celebrated _Epistolae obscurorum Virorum_.
+
+    R. G.
+
+_Grimsdyke_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--I can mention at all events one other
+earthwork named Grimsdyke in England--the great earthwork, viz., south
+of Salisbury, which is called Grimsdyke. Mr. Guest has stated his belief
+that it was not a Belgic work, but a boundary line made by the Welsh
+after the treaty of the Mons Badonicus.
+
+    W. S. G.
+
+  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
+
+_Coke, how pronounced_ (Vol. iv., pp. 24. 93. 138.).--Respecting the
+pronunciation of the name of Coke at page 138., I recollect having some
+discussion on it in 1812 with the late Mr. Andrew Lynch, Master in
+Chancery, then a student at the Temple, when he corrected me for calling
+it _Cooke_, which he maintained should be called _Coake_. We happened to
+dine that day at Mr. Charles Butler's, his future father-in-law, and
+agreed to refer the matter to him who had been associated with Hargrave
+in publishing Sir Edward Coke's _Commentaries on Littleton_ (1809, 7
+vols. 8vo.). Mr. Butler at once decided the question in my favour,
+adding that he had never heard the name otherwise pronounced, and that
+_Coake_ was quite a novelty, which he should never adopt--indeed, I am
+sure it is so, though now I find it generally prevalent.
+
+    J. R.
+
+  Cork.
+
+_Marcus AElius Antoninus_ (Vol. iv., p. 152.).--I think that your
+correspondent will not readily ascertain the owner of this pseudonyme;
+but, in the presumed absence of any opposing evidence, I would suggest
+that the mask may belong to Marc-Antonio Flaminio. Melancthon's
+excellent _Responsio ad scriptum quorundam delectorum a Clero secundario
+Coloniae Agrippinae_, 4to., Francfurdiae, 1543, is now before me, but it
+does not allude to the _Querela_ set forth in the same year. It is said
+that the framer of the Cologne _Judicium_ against Bucer was the
+Carmelite Eberhardus Billicus; and TYRO may be assured that he is
+fortunate if he be a possessor of the tract by the fictitious Antoninus;
+for, in the words of Seckendorf,--
+
+  "Ex scriptis reliquis, occasione Reformationis Coloniensis tunc
+  publicatis, plurima in oblivionem fere venerunt, nec facile hodie
+  inveniuntur, typis licet olim excusa."--_Comm. de Luther._ lib.
+  iii. sect. 27. Sec. cvii. p. 437. Francof. 1692.
+
+    R. G.
+
+
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+The sculptures which have been preserved with comparatively little
+injury for upwards of six centuries on the western front of the
+venerable cathedral of Wells have long excited the wonder and curiosity,
+as well as admiration, of all who looked upon them. All have been ready
+to recognise in them the expression of some grand design; but it has
+been reserved for Professor Cockerell to penetrate, through the
+quaintness of the style and the dilapidations of centuries, into their
+noble aim and purpose, and to describe at length this "extensive but
+hitherto unedited commentary in living sculpture of the thirteenth
+century, upon our earliest dynasties, our churchmen, and religious
+creed." This he has done in a handsome and richly illustrated volume,
+lately published by Mr. Parker under the title of _Iconography of the
+West Front of Wells Cathedral, with an Appendix on the Sculptures of
+other Mediaeval Churches in England_: and the work will be found of the
+highest interest, not only for its valuable illustration of this
+"kalender for unlearned men," which we owe to the piety and love of art
+of Bishop Trotman, and which Flaxman speaks of as "_the earliest
+specimen_ of such magnificent and varied sculpture united in a series of
+sacred history that is to be found in western Europe," but also for the
+light it throws upon the history of art in this country. For not only
+have we in these pages the results of Professor Cockerell's studies of
+the extensive and important series of sculptures which form the
+immediate subject of them; but also his criticisms and remarks upon the
+cognate objects to be found at Exeter, Norwich, Malmesbury, Canterbury,
+Rochester, York, Beverley, Lichfield, Worcester, Lincoln, Gloucester,
+Salisbury, Peterborough, Croyland, and Bath. And who can speak with
+greater authority upon such points? whose opinion would be received with
+greater respect?
+
+Surely Rome must have been styled the _Eternal City_ because there is no
+end to the books which are published respecting it:
+
+  "For every year and month sends forth a new one;"
+
+yet the subject never seems exhausted. Now it is a high churchman who
+gives a picture of this "Niobe of nations," tinted _couleur de rose_;
+now a low churchman, who talks of nothing but abominations of a deeper
+dye; now some classical student tells how--
+
+      "The Goth, the Christian, time, war, flood, and fire
+      Have dealt upon the seven hill'd city's pride;"
+
+now some worshipper of art, who unfolds the treasures garnered within
+its walls; now a politician loud in his praises of Young Italy, or his
+condemnation of foreign interference. The Chevalier de Chatelaine is
+none of these, or rather, he is almost all of them by turns; and
+consequently his _Rambles though Rome, descriptive of the Social,
+Political, and Ecclesiastical Condition of the City and its
+Inhabitants_, is a volume of pleasant gossip, more amusing to the reader
+than flattering to the character of the Roman people or those who govern
+them.
+
+CATALOGUE RECEIVED.--J. G. Bell's (17. Bedford Street, Covent Garden)
+Catalogue of Autograph Letters and other Documents, English and Foreign.
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+      WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+FEARNE'S ESSAY ON HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS, 4to.
+
+BISHOP KIDDER'S LIFE OF ANTHONY HORNECK.
+
+TIGHE'S LIFE OF LAW.
+
+MACROPEDII, HECASTUS FABULA. 8vo. Antwerp, 1539.
+
+OMNES GEORGII MACROPEDII FABULAE COMICAE. Utrecht, 1552. 2 Vols. 8vo.
+
+OTHONIS LEXICON RABBINICUM.
+
+PLATO. Vols. VIII. X. XI. of the Bipont Edition.
+
+PARKINSON'S SERMONS. Vol. I.
+
+ATHENAEUM. Oct. and Nov. 1848. Parts CCL., CCLI.
+
+WILLIS' PRICE CURRENT. Nos. I. III. V. XXIV. XXVI. XXVII.--XLV.
+
+RABBI SALOMON JARCHI (RASCHI) COMMENTAR UeBER DEN PENTATEUCH VON L.
+HAYMANN. Bonn, 1833.
+
+RABBI SOLOMON JARCHI (RASCHI) UeBER DAS ERSTE BUCH MOSIS VON L. HAYMANN.
+Bonn, 1833.
+
+No. 3 of SUMMER PRODUCTIONS, or PROGRESSIVE MISCELLANIES, by Thomas
+Johnson. London, 1790.
+
+HISTORY OF VIRGINIA. Folio. London, 1624.
+
+THE APOLOGETICS OF ATHENAGORAS, Englished by D. Humphreys. London, 1714.
+8vo.
+
+BOVILLUS DE ANIMAE IMMORTALITATE, ETC. Lugduni, 1522. 4to.
+
+KUINOEL'S NOV. TEST. Tom. I.
+
+THE FRIEND, by Coleridge. Vol. III. Pickering.
+
+  [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
+  _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+MR. J. F. HARKINS _will find the information he wishes respecting the
+dramatic works of Bishop Bale, &c., in Mr. Collier's_ History of
+Dramatic Poetry. The Arraignment of Paris _is printed in Peele's works;
+and the plays attributed to Shakspeare, in a supplement to Knight's_
+Pictorial Shakspeare. _The other Queries shall appear very shortly._
+
+A. N. _The communication referred to shall be found_ if possible; _but
+the number of papers we receive is not_ small, _as our correspondent
+supposes._
+
+J. B. C.'s _communication was certainly intended for insertion. It shall
+be looked out and printed, with as little delay as possible._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Marriage of Bishops--Names of Vermin
+and Payments for destroying--Suicides buried in Cross
+Roads--Tobacco used by Elizabethan Ladies--Ball that
+killed Nelson--Serpent with a Human Head--Bidding Weddings--White
+Rose--Annals of the Inquisition--Pope and Flatman--Quotation
+from Bacon--Story referred to by Jeremy Taylor--Lord
+Mayor not a Privy Councillor--Borough-English--The Sun
+Feminine--Sacre Cheveux--Blessing by the Hand--Nao a
+Ship--Illumination in 1802--Miserrimus--Tennyson--St. Frances--Whig and
+Tory--Simnels--Devenisch--Discovery of the Drowned--Forthfare--Royal
+Library, &c.--Antiquity of Kilts--Cagots--Burton Family--Fire
+unknown--Mad as a March Hare--Grimsdyke--Freedom from Serpents._
+
+_Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H.,
+_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by
+circulating them._
+
+VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had,
+price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped
+Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office
+Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet
+Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be
+addressed._
+
+_Erratum._--Vol. iii., p. 522., after the last word in the article on
+MOSAIC, add "by Alex. de La Borde."
+
+
+
+
+BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR OCTOBER.
+
+  NEANDER'S HISTORY OF THE PLANTING OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH, Vol.
+  2., containing the Author's Recent Additions. Also, ANTIGNOSTIKUS,
+  or Spirit of Tertullian. Translated from the German by J. E.
+  RYLAND. Post 8vo. 3_s._ 6_d._
+
+  HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+
+BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR OCTOBER.
+
+  OVID'S METAMORPHOSES, literally translated into English Prose,
+  with Notes, and Explanation of each Fable. Post 8vo. Frontispiece.
+  5_s._
+
+  HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+
+BOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR OCTOBER.
+
+  DIDRON'S CHRISTIAN ICONOGRAPHY; a History of Christian Art,
+  translated from the French, with upwards of 150 beautiful outline
+  Engravings, in 2 vols., post 8vo. Vol. I. 5_s._
+
+  HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+
+BOHN'S SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY FOR OCTOBER.
+
+  STOCKHARDT'S PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY, exemplified in a Series of
+  Simple Experiments, with upwards of 200 Diagrams and Engravings.
+  Translated from the German. Post 8vo. 5_s._
+
+  HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.
+
+
+AUTOGRAPHS.--Just published, price One Shilling (returned to
+purchasers), A CATALOGUE of a large Collection of Autograph Letters,
+&c., with Biographical and Critical Dates, Notes, and Extracts (sent by
+post for Twelve Stamps).
+
+  London: JOHN GRAY BELL, 17. Bedford Street, Covent Garden.
+
+
+THE TRAVELLER'S LIBRARY.
+
+  On Wednesday next will by published, 16mo. price One Shilling,
+
+  MR. MACAULAY'S TWO ESSAYS ON RANKE'S HISTORY of the POPES and on
+  GLADSTONE ON CHURCH AND STATE. Forming the Eighth Part of THE
+  TRAVELLER'S LIBRARY. To be continued Monthly, price One Shilling
+  each Part.
+
+  Part 1 contains WARREN HASTINGS, by T. B. Macaulay.
+
+  Part 2 contains LORD CLIVE, by T. B. Macaulay.
+
+  Part 3, LONDON in 1850-51. By J. R. M'Culloch, Esq.
+
+  Part 4, SIR ROGER DE COVERLEY. From the "Spectator." With Notes
+  and Illustrations, by W. H. Wills.
+
+  Part 5, WILLIAM PITT, EARL OF CHATHAM, by T. B. Macaulay.
+
+  Parts 6 and 7, MR. S. LAING'S JOURNAL of a RESIDENCE IN NORWAY.
+  Complete in Two Parts.
+
+  Parts 9 and 10, on Nov. 1, will comprise a New Edition of EOTHEN,
+  complete in Two Parts, price One Shilling each.
+
+  London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS.
+
+
+COMPANION ATLAS TO THE WORKS OF HUMBOLDT, SOMERVILLE, &c.
+
+  On Nov. 1st, New Edition, extra Maps, price 12_s._ 6_d._, crimson
+  cl. gilt,
+
+  THE HAND ATLAS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, a series of 24 fo. and 4to.
+  Maps and Plates, with 11 Index Maps, full coloured illustration of
+  the Geographical distribution of Natural Phenomena, from Dr.
+  Berghan's Atlas, and Original Maps drawn by and under the
+  Superintendence of Drs. Ritter, Kiepert, Grimm, O'Etzell, &c.
+
+  Shortly (by request),
+
+  THE HISTORICAL ATLAS, from the SUBVERSION of the WESTERN ROMAN
+  EMPIRE to the ABDICATION of NAPOLEON. 15 Maps. 4to., 7_s._ 6_d._
+  cloth.
+
+  Published by EDWARD GOWER. Princes Street, Bedford Row; SIMPKIN &
+  Co.; WHITTAKER & Co.; HAMILTON & Co.; AYLOTT & JONES; and R.
+  THEOBALD: Edinburgh, MENZIES: Dublin, M'GLASHEN.
+
+
+PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET.
+
+  CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS.
+
+      Established 1806. Policy Holders' Capital. 1,192,818_l._
+      Annual Income. 150,000_l._--Bonuses Declared, 743,000_l._
+      Claims paid since the Establishment of the office, 2,001,450_l._
+
+      _President._
+      The Right Honourable EARL GREY.
+
+      _Directors._
+      The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_.
+      Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman_.
+
+      Henry B. Alexander, Esq.
+      George Dacre, Esq.
+      William Judd, Esq.
+      Sir Richard D. King, Bart.
+      The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird
+      Thomas Maugham, Esq.
+      William Ostler, Esq.
+      Apsley Pellatt, Esq.
+      George Round, Esq.
+      Frederick Squire, Esq.
+      William Henry Stone, Esq.
+      Capt. William John Williams.
+
+  J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_.
+
+  _Physician_--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague Street,
+  Montague Square.
+
+      NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.
+
+  Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of
+  Bonuses.
+
+      ------+--------+----------------------+---------------------------
+       Date |        |                      |       Bonuses added
+        of  |  Sum   |   Original Premium.  |    subsequently, to be
+      Policy|Insured.|                      |further increased annually.
+      ------+--------+----------------------+---------------------------
+       1806 | L2500  |L79 10 10 Extinguished|      L1222  2  0
+       1811 |  1000  | 33 19  2    Ditto    |        231 17  8
+       1818 |  1000  | 34 16 10    Ditto    |        114 18 10
+      ------+--------+----------------------+---------------------------
+
+  Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.
+
+      ------+-----+--------+----------+------------------
+      Policy|     |  Sum   | Bonuses  |   Total with
+        No. |Date.|Insured.|  added.  | Additions to be
+            |     |        |          |further increased.
+      ------+-----+--------+----------+------------------
+        521 | 1807|  L900  |L982 12  1|   L1882 12  1
+       1174 | 1810|  1200  |1160  5  6|    2360  5  6
+       3392 | 1820|  5000  |3558 17  8|    8558 17  8
+      ------+-----+--------+----------+------------------
+
+  Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application
+  to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the
+  United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No.
+  50. Regent Street.
+
+
+THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE
+
+  AND
+
+  HISTORICAL REVIEW.
+
+  In an age which claims to give peculiar attention to whatever is
+  useful and practical, the GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE has stepped forward
+  to occupy the vacant post of an Historical Review. Gentlemen
+  eminently conversant with the various branches of historical study
+  are constant contributors, and every endeavour is made to render
+  the Magazine a worthy organ and representative of Historical and
+  Archaeological Literature. In its Original Articles, historical
+  questions are considered and discussed; in its Correspondence, the
+  researches and inquiries of historical students are promoted; in
+  its Reviews, prominent attention is given to all historical books;
+  its Historical Chronicle and Notes of the Month contain a record
+  of such recent events as are worthy of being kept in remembrance;
+  its Obituary is a faithful memorial of all persons of eminence
+  lately deceased; and these divisions of the Magazine are so
+  treated and blended together as to render the whole attractive and
+  interesting to all classes of readers.
+
+      THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,
+      FOR JULY, 1851,
+      THE FIRST OF A NEW VOLUME,
+
+  Contains the following articles:--1. The Present State of English
+  Historical Literature: the Record Offices; 2. Bill for King
+  Charles's Pedestal at Charing Cross; 3. Anecdotes from the
+  Day-books of Dr. Henry Sampson; 4. The Infinity of Geometric
+  Design (with Engravings); 5. Christian Iconography, by J. G.
+  Waller: Principalities, Archangels, and Angels (with Engravings);
+  6. Companions of my Solitude; 7. Mr. P. Cunningham's Story of Nell
+  Gwynn, Chapter VII. (with Portraits of her two Sons); 8. Sussex
+  Archaeology (with Engravings); 9. Horace Walpole and Mason; 10.
+  National Education; with Notes of the Month, Review of New
+  Publications, Reports of Scientific and Antiquarian Society, and
+  OBITUARY, including Memoirs of the Earl of Shaftesbury, the Earl
+  of Cottenham, Right Hon. R. L. Shiel, Rev. W. M. Kinsey, Mrs.
+  Shelly, Mr. Dowton, &c.
+
+      THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,
+      FOR AUGUST, 1851,
+
+    Contains the following articles:--1. Memoirs of William
+  Wordsworth, Poet Laureate; 2. Letter of Bossuet respecting the
+  Death of Henrietta, Duchess of Orleans; 3. Curiosities of the old
+  Church Canons, No. II.; 4. Who were the Anglo-Saxon Kings crowned
+  at Kingston? 5. The Story of Nell Gwynn, related by Peter
+  Cunningham, concluded; 6. The Galleys of England and France; 7.
+  Parliamentary Robes for a Prince of Wales; 8. Christian
+  Iconography, by J. G. Waller; 9. Ruins of Vaudey Abbey,
+  Lincolnshire; 10. Seal with a Merchant's Mark; with Correspondence
+  on Subjects of Popular Interest, Notes of the Month, Review of New
+  Publications, Reports of Scientific and Antiquarian Societies. The
+  OBITUARY for August contains several Biographies of great
+  interest, viz., The Earl of Derby, K.G., President of the
+  Zoological Society; Viscount Melville, formerly First Lord of the
+  Admiralty; Right Hon. William Lascelles, Comptroller of Her
+  Majesty's Household; Admiral Sir Edward Codrington, G.C.B.; Sir J.
+  Graham Dalyell, Bart., the Scotish Antiquary and Naturalist; Lord
+  Dundrennan, the Scotish Judge; Dr. Adams, the eminent Civilian;
+  Colonel Michell, late Surveyor at the Cape; Mr. Dyce Sombre; Mr.
+  Thorneycroft, of Wolverhampton; Mr. St. George Tucker, the East
+  India Director; Sir George S. Gibbes, M.D., late of Bath; Dr.
+  Kennedy, the Medical Bibliographer; Dr. Mackness, of Hastings;
+  Mrs. Sheridan, Author of "Carwell"; Mrs. Atthill (Miss Halsted),
+  Author of "the Life of Richard III.;" Richard Phillips, F.R.S.,
+  the Chemist; D. M. Moir, Esq., the Delta of Blackwood; Mr. Thomas
+  Moule, the Antiquary; The Rev. Jelinger Symons; Rev. N. J. Halpin;
+  Tieck and Henning, the Sculptors, &c. &c. A Biographical List of
+  Clergymen deceased, and Deaths of the Nobility, Gentry, and other
+  Remarkable Persons.
+
+      THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,
+      FOR SEPTEMBER, 1851,
+
+  Contains the following articles: 1. Who was Sir Miles Hobart? 2.
+  Palgrave's Normandy and England; 3. Petition against the return of
+  George Gascoigne the Poet to Parliament; 4. Municipal Franchises
+  of the Middle Ages illustrated by Documents from the Archives of
+  Leicester; 5. Ulrich von Hutten; 6. Original Papers about William
+  Penn, contributed by Hepworth Dixon; 7. Edward Bickersteth; 8.
+  Christian Iconography and Legendary Art: the Four Evangelists, by
+  J. G. Waller; 9. Breydenbach's Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, with
+  two Plates; 10. Literary Admission to the Public Records; 11.
+  Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban; 12. Notes of the Month. With a
+  full Report of the Proceedings of the Archaeological Institute at
+  Bristol and at Wells; Historical Chronicle; and OBITUARY,
+  including Memoirs of Sir Edward Stracey, Dr. Lingard, Sir Francis
+  Simpkinson, Q.C., Mr. Rogers, Q.C., Mrs. Harriet Lee, T. W. Hill,
+  Esq., and other eminent persons.
+
+      THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE,
+      FOR OCTOBER, 1851,
+
+  Contains the following articles:--1. Original Letters of Edmund
+  Burke, relative to his office of Paymaster General; 2. Ulrich Von
+  Hutten, Part II. The Wurtemburg Tragedy; 3. Monk and the
+  Restoration; 4. Historical Illustrations of the reign of Henry
+  VII., his Visit to York in 1487; 5. Recent Discoveries near Rome,
+  communicated by Benjamin Gibson, Esq., with Engravings; 6. Memoir
+  of Bishop Copleston; 7. Memoir of Colonel Springett the Puritan,
+  by his Daughter; 8. Original Letters of King James II. relating to
+  the Siege of Derry; 9. Bolton Church, Lincolnshire, with a Plate.
+  With various Correspondence; Notes of the Month; Reports of the
+  Archaeological Meetings at Derby, Bristol, Tenby, Ely, Swaffham,
+  Leighton Buzzard, &c. &c.; Historical Chronicle; and OBITUARY,
+  including Memoirs of the Earl of Clare, Rear-Admiral Lord John
+  Hay, Hon. Keppel Craven, Sir Henry Jardine, Charles Koenig, Esq.,
+  F.R.S., Dr. O'Sullivan, Dr. Edward Johnstone, Edward Quillinan,
+  Esq., Mons. Daguerre, &c. &c.
+
+  THE GENTLEMEN'S MAGAZINE is published on the 1st of every month by
+  NICHOLS & SON, 25. Parliament Street, Westminster, price 2_s._
+  6_d._, and may be ordered of any Bookseller.
+
+
+NEW WORKS NEARLY READY.
+
+  I.
+
+  SIR J. RICHARDSON'S JOURNAL OF A BOAT VOYAGE THROUGH RUPERT'S LAND
+  and along the Central Arctic Coasts in Search of the Discovery
+  Ships under SIR J. FRANKLIN. With coloured Plates, Maps, and
+  Woodcuts. 2 vols. 8vo.
+
+  II.
+
+  A NATURALIST'S SOJOURN IN JAMAICA. BY P. H. GOSSE, Esq., Author of
+  "Popular British Ornithology," &c. With coloured Plates. Post 8vo.
+
+  III.
+
+  LECTURES ON THE HISTORY OF FRANCE, delivered in the University of
+  Cambridge. By the Right Hon. SIR JAMES STEPHEN, K.C.B., LL.D.,
+  Professor of Modern History in the University of Cambridge. 2
+  vols. 8vo.
+
+  IV.
+
+  THE REV. C. MERIVALE'S HISTORY OF THE ROMANS UNDER THE EMPIRE.
+  Vol. III. completing the History to the Establishment of the
+  Monarchy of Augustus. 8vo.
+
+  V.
+
+  BISHOP THIRLWALL'S HISTORY OF GREECE. An Improved Library Edition;
+  with Maps. Vol. VI. 8vo. In October.
+
+  [Star symbol] The concluding Volumes (VII. and VIII.) will be ready
+  shortly.
+
+  VI.
+
+  SHARON TURNER'S HISTORY OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS, from the Earliest
+  Period to the Norman Conquest. Seventh Edition. 3 vols. 8vo.
+
+  VII.
+
+  WESLEY AND METHODISM. By ISAAC TAYLOR, Author of "Loyola and
+  Jesuitism," &c. Post 8vo. Portrait.
+
+  VIII.
+
+  HIPPOLYTUS AND HIS AGE; or, Doctrine and Practice of the Church of
+  Rome under Commodus and Alexander Severus. By C. C. J. BUNSEN,
+  D.C.L. 2 vols. post 8vo.
+
+  IX.
+
+  TREATISE ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICAL INFLUENCE OF TAXATION AND
+  THE FUNDING SYSTEM. By J. R. M'CULLOCH, Esq. New and Improved
+  Edition. 8vo.
+
+  X.
+
+  TREATISE ON THE CIRCUMSTANCES WHICH DETERMINE THE RULE OF WAGES
+  AND THE CONDITION OF THE LABOURING CLASSES. By J. R. M'CULLOCH,
+  Esq.
+
+  XI.
+
+  MR. J. A. SHARP'S NEW AND COMPLETE GAZETTEER, or Topographical
+  Dictionary of the British Islands and Narrow Seas; comprising
+  above 60,000 Names of Places. 2 vols. 8vo. uniform with Johnston's
+  "New General Gazetteer."
+
+  XII.
+
+  THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES; or, Rolls of the Official Personages of the
+  British Empire. Being a New Edition, improved and continued, of
+  BEAT-ON'S POLITICAL INDEX. By JOSEPH HAYDN. In One Volume, 8vo.
+
+  XIII.
+
+  ENGLISH AGRICULTURE IN 1850 AND 1851, its Condition and Prospects.
+  By JAMES CAIRD, Agricultural Commissioner of "The Times," and
+  Author of "High Farming, under Liberal Covenants." 8vo.
+
+  XIV.
+
+  HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH RAILWAY: its Social Relations and
+  Revelations. By JOHN FRANCIS, Author of "History of the Bank of
+  England." 2 vols. 8vo.
+
+  London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS.
+
+
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the city of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September 27, 1851.
+
+
+
+
+      [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV]
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |
+      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 88  | July  5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 89  | July 12, 1851      |  17- 31 | PG # 37568 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 90  | July 19, 1851      |  33- 47 | PG # 37593 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 91  | July 26, 1851      |  49- 79 | PG # 37778 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 92  | August  2, 1851    |  81- 94 | PG # 38324 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 93  | August  9, 1851    |  97-112 | PG # 38337 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 94  | August 16, 1851    | 113-127 | PG # 38350 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 95  | August 23, 1851    | 129-144 | PG # 38386 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 96  | August 30, 1851    | 145-167 | PG # 38405 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No.  97 | Sept.  6, 1851     | 169-183 | PG # 38433 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  98 | Sept. 13, 1851     | 185-200 | PG # 38491 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  99 | Sept. 20, 1851     | 201-216 | PG # 38574 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]             | PG # 13536 |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850     | PG # 13571 |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851     | PG # 26770 |
+      +------------------------------------------------+------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number
+100, September 27, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, SEPT 27, 1851 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 38656.txt or 38656.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/6/5/38656/
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+https://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+https://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at https://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit https://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     https://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/38656.zip b/38656.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d04f5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/38656.zip
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6312041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f783e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #38656 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/38656)