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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 96,
+August 30, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 96, August 30, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: December 24, 2011 [EBook #38405]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, AUGUST 30, 1851 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been
+standardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. A
+list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the
+end.]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES and QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
+
+FOR
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+VOL. IV.--No. 96. SATURDAY, AUGUST 30. 1851.
+
+Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                                Page
+
+
+      The Caxton Memorial and Chaucer's Monument                 145
+
+      NOTES:--
+
+      Collar of SS., by Edward Foss                              147
+
+      Printing                                                   148
+
+      Folk Lore:--Bible Divination in Suffolk--Mode of
+      discovering Bodies of the Drowned--Somersetshire Rhyme     148
+
+      Dictionary of Hackneyed Quotations                         149
+
+      Minor Notes:--Cocker's Arithmetic--The Duke of
+      Normandy--Anachronisms and Errors of Painters--The Ring
+      Finger--The Od Force--New Costume for Ladies               149
+
+      QUERIES:--
+
+      Judges styled Reverend, &c.                                151
+
+      Minor Queries:--Frederick Egmont; Peter (Egmont?)--Unlucky
+      for Pregnant Women to take on Oath--Cockroach--Felton--Date
+      of a Charter--Thomas Tusser the "Husbandman"--Godfrey
+      Higgins' Works--Noctes Templariæ--Commissioners on Officers
+      of Justice in England--Marcus Ælius Antoninus--Derivation
+      of Pic-nic--Sir Thomas More's Knighthood--Portrait of
+      Mandeville--Early History of Dingle--Language of Ancient
+      Egypt--Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe--Names first given to
+      Parishes--German Testament--The Man of Law--The
+      Termination "Ship"--Nullus and Nemo--The noblest Object
+      of the Work of Art--Poulster                               151
+
+      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Rev. Cæsar de Missy--F. Beaumont
+      and Jeremy Taylor--"Carve out Dials"--Log Book--Lord
+      Clydesdale--"Time is the Stuff of which Life is
+      made"--"Yet forty Days"--The Empress Helena                153
+
+      REPLIES:--
+
+      Royal Library                                              154
+
+      The "Eisell" Controversy                                   155
+
+      Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor                          157
+
+      "House of Yvery"                                           158
+
+      On "Rack" in the Tempest                                   158
+
+      Richard Rolle of Hampole                                   159
+
+      Replies to Minor Queries:--Lady Flora Hastings'
+      Bequest--"The Right divine of Kings to govern
+      wrong"--Fairlight Church--Dogmatism and Puppyism--Was
+      Stella Swift's Sister?--Charles Lamb's Epitaph--Meaning of
+      Carnaby--Scandinavian Mythology, &c.                       160
+
+      MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     165
+
+      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               166
+
+      Notices to Correspondents                                  166
+
+      Advertisements                                             167
+
+
+
+
+THE CAXTON MEMORIAL AND CHAUCER'S MONUMENT.
+
+  The result of the appeals which have recently been made to the
+  sympathies of the present age for the purpose of erecting a
+  Memorial to our first Printer, and of restoring the crumbling tomb
+  of one of our earliest and greatest Poets, has gone near to prove
+  that the admirers of Caxton and Chaucer are disposed to yield to
+  the objects of their hero-worship little more than lip service. In
+  short, the plan for the Caxton Memorial, and that for the
+  restoration of Chaucer's Monument, have well nigh failed.
+
+  The projectors of the former had, indeed, in the necessity of
+  settling what the Caxton Memorial should be, to encounter, at the
+  very outset of their undertaking, one difficulty from which the
+  Chaucer Committee was free; and the uncertainty whether it should
+  assume the form of the symbolical "lamp and fountain" so
+  poetically suggested by the Dean of St. Paul's, or the ideal
+  cast-iron statue of the Coalbrook Dale Company, may have had a
+  sinister effect upon the Subscription List.
+
+  Between the suggestive symbol and the fancy portrait there would
+  seem to be little room for hesitation, since the former would
+  merely veil a truth, while the latter would perpetuate a
+  falsehood. But our readers have had before them a third, and, as
+  it seems to us, a far more reasonable proposal, in that made by
+  MR. BOLTON CORNEY for a collective impression of Caxton's original
+  compositions: and we cannot but think that if that gentleman will
+  take the trouble to enter into the necessary details as to the
+  extent of such compositions, and the expense of transcribing and
+  printing them, his scheme may yet be realised, and that too to the
+  satisfaction of all the subscribers to the Caxton Memorial. The
+  following communication indicates the favour with which MR.
+  CORNEY'S proposal will probably be received by the followers of
+  Caxton's art in this country.
+
+I have just read with great pleasure the article on "A Caxton Memorial
+suggested" in your Number for the 19th of July. I was particularly
+pleased with the "_proposed conditions_;" and as an humble follower of
+the art of which Caxton stands at the head, and as an enthusiastic
+admirer of that great and talented, and learned printer, I should feel
+great pleasure in becoming a subscriber, should anything of the kind be
+undertaken; and have no doubt but that many,--aye, as many as might be
+required to complete the subscription list, might be found among the
+printers of this country, who would feel proud to subscribe to such a
+"Memorial." If anything of the kind should be undertaken, the projectors
+might depend upon me becoming a subscriber.
+
+    HENRY RYLETT, Printer.
+
+  Horncastle, Aug. 18. 1851.
+
+  The following letter, on the other hand, from a correspondent
+  whose smallest suggestion deserves, as it will be sure to receive,
+  the respectful attention of all who have the pleasure of knowing
+  his high personal character and great acquirements, although
+  pointing at what might be a fitting Memorial of one of the
+  greatest of the Worthies of Westminster, clearly indicates that if
+  MR. CORNEY'S scheme can be carried out it will have the benefit of
+  the writer's encouragement and support:
+
+MR. BOLTON CORNEY'S letter is entitled to much attention. It is
+satisfactory to learn that the original design has been abandoned. The
+fountain and the illumination might be a very pretty idea, but it would
+have sorely puzzled some of our countrymen to connect that memorial in
+their minds with the name and services of the first English printer.
+
+Might not the funds that were raised be advantageously employed in
+founding a Caxton scholarship at Westminster School; or in the building
+or enlarging some school bearing Caxton's name, connected with
+Westminster? The spiritual wants of that city are great.
+
+If the statue be raised, which should not present a _bonâ fide_
+resemblance to our celebrated printer, it would be worse than
+valueless--something like an imposture and it would have as little
+connexion with Caxton as the statue in St. Peter's bears to the great
+Apostle, though called by his name.
+
+MR. CORNEY'S proposal, of giving an impression of Caxton's original
+compositions, would unquestionably be his most enduring and glorious
+monument. These reprints would be dear, not only to the bibliographer,
+but to the philologist and men of letters generally. But the work would
+be an expensive one, and the editors should be far more liberally
+recompensed than by merely receiving a limited number of copies. As the
+subscription would probably be very limited, the work should be
+undertaken by the nation, and not by individuals; still, the funds
+already raised, if not otherwise expended for educational purposes, as
+before suggested, would serve as the foundation for accomplishing MR.
+CORNEY'S excellent suggestion.
+
+    J. H. M.
+
+  Our present purpose, however, is to call attention to a hint
+  thrown out not only in the following Note addressed to ourselves
+  (which, be it observed, has been in type for several weeks), but
+  also in the pages of our learned and able contemporary the
+  GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, in an article from which we extract the most
+  important passage, namely, that in the event of the failure of the
+  projected Caxton Memorial, the funds subscribed might with
+  propriety and good effect be applied (the consent of the
+  subscribers being of course first obtained) to an object with
+  which Caxton himself would so surely have sympathised, namely, the
+  restoration of the tomb of Geoffrey Chaucer:
+
+_Chaucer and Caxton._--"Not half" of the required 100_l._ "has yet been
+subscribed" for the restoration of Chaucer's monument. Chaucer was an
+especial favourite of Caxton; and as the first English printer seems for
+awhile destined to remain without "light and fountain," as once upon a
+time suggested by Dr. Milman, treasurer of the Caxton fund, possibly the
+subscribers to that fund would not object to the transmission of the sum
+required by the old monument of the poet, from the no monument of the
+printer? Will the Dean of St. Paul's ask for suffrages on the matter?
+
+    Q.
+
+  After alluding to the various proposals for the Caxton Memorial,
+  and the correspondence between MR. BOLTON CORNEY and MR. BERIAH
+  BOTFIELD in "NOTES AND QUERIES," Sylvanus Urban proceeds:
+
+"But the discussion will do good. If neither proposal can be carried
+out, we shall probably have a better suggestion than either. The money
+in hand is said to be _far short_ of the sum necessary to erect a statue
+or to print the works; if so, why not repair Chaucer's tomb with it?
+Nothing would be more agreeable to Caxton himself. He not only printed
+Chaucer's works, and re-imprinted them merely to get rid of errors; but,
+feeling that the great poet 'ought eternally to be remembered' in the
+place where he lies buried, he hung up an epitaph to his memory over
+that tomb which is now mouldering to decay.
+
+      "'Post obitum Caxton voluit te vivere, cura
+        Willelmi, Chaucer clare poeta, tui,
+      Nam tua, non solum, compressit opuscula formis,
+        Has quoque sed laudes jussit hic esse tuas.'
+
+"The epitaph, touching evidence of Caxton's affection for the poet, has
+disappeared. In a few years the tomb itself will have submitted to
+inevitable fate. What better mode of keeping alive the memory of both
+Chaucer and Caxton, or of doing honour to the pious printer, than by
+showing that even after the lapse of centuries his wishes for the
+preservation of Chaucer's memory in that place are not forgotten? If the
+fund is more than sufficient for the purpose, the surplus might be
+invested on trust to perform the wish of Caxton, by keeping Chaucer's
+monument in repair for ever."--_Gentleman's Magazine_, August, p. 167.
+
+  Here we leave the matter for the present not, however, without the
+  hope that the present age will do honour to the memories of two
+  of our Illustrious Dead, and that few months will witness both a
+  Caxton Memorial in the shape of a collective edition of his
+  original writings, and the Restoration of the Monument of the
+  Father of English Poetry.
+
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+COLLAR OF SS.
+
+(Vol. ii., pp. 89. 475.)
+
+No less than nine long months have elapsed since you adopted my
+suggestion of limiting your columns, on the disputed question relative
+to the collar of SS., to a record of the names of those persons who,
+either on the monumental effigies or brasses, or in their portraits or
+otherwise, are represented as wearing that ornament; together with a
+short statement of the position held by each of these individuals in the
+court of the then reigning monarch, seeming to warrant the assumption.
+How is it that the invitation has not produced more than a single
+response? Is it that the combatants are more fond of discussing the
+probabilities of a disputed point, than of seeking for facts to aid in
+its illustration? I hope that this is not so, in an age that prides
+itself in its antiquarian and historical investigations; and I trust
+that, now the dismissal of the parliament has relieved many from onerous
+duties, your pages may benefit, not only on this but on other important
+subjects, by the vacational leisure of your learned contributors.
+
+That I may not myself be chargeable with a continuance of the silence of
+which I complain, I now offer to you no less than eleven of the earliest
+names, principally taken from Boutell's _Monumental Brasses_, but some
+suggested in your own pages, on whose monuments or otherwise the collar
+occurs. To most of these I have added a few particulars seeming to
+warrant the assumption; and I doubt not that some of your correspondents
+will supply you with similar hints as to those of whom I have as yet
+been unable to trace anything applicable to the subject of enquiry.
+
+1. The first of these is in 1382, seventeen years before the accession
+of Henry IV. It appears on the brass of Sir Thomas Burton, in Little
+Castreton Church, in Rutlandshire. This knight, we find, received
+letters of protection on accompanying the Duke of Lancaster to France in
+1369, when Edward III. revived his claim to that kingdom.[1] Being thus
+one of the retainers of the duke, the assumption of his collar of livery
+may be at once accounted for.
+
+  [Footnote 1: N. Fœdera, iii. 870.]
+
+2. The next that we have is on the monument of John Gower in the church
+of St. Saviour, Southwark. The poet died in 1402, 4 Henry IV. It is more
+than doubtful whether he was a knight, and the only ground that I can
+suggest for his being represented with the collar of SS. is, that he was
+in some manner, perhaps as the court poet, attached to the household of
+the king. Of his transferred devotion to Henry IV. we have sufficient
+evidence in the revision of his _Confessio Amantis_, from which he
+excluded all that he had previously said in praise of his patron Richard
+II.
+
+3. Sir Thomas Massingberd died in 1406, and on his monument in Gunby
+Church in Lincolnshire, both he and his lady are represented with
+collars of SS. Why, I have still to seek.
+
+4. In 1407 there is a similar instance of a knight and his lady being so
+ornamented. These are Sir William and Lady Bagot, whose monument is in
+Baginton Chruch, Warwickshire. Boutell says that he was the first who
+received this decoration from the king. Be this as it may, the Patent
+Rolls contain sufficient to account for his and his wife's assuming King
+Henry's livery from gratitude for the restoration of his land, which he
+had forfeited as an adherent to Richard II.[2]
+
+  [Footnote 2: Cal. Rot. Pat. 236. 243.]
+
+5. Then follows Sir John Drayton, whose monument, dated in 1411, is in
+Dorchester Church, Oxfordshire. It may be presumed that he was in the
+king's household; as in the beginning of the reign of Richard II. he was
+keeper of the royal swans; and early in that of Henry IV., was serjeant
+of the king's pavilions and tents. Thomas Drayton, who was made Assayer
+of the Mint in the year of Sir John's death[3], was probably his son.
+
+  [Footnote 3: Cal. Rot. Pat. 196. 259.; Devon's Issue Roll, 286.]
+
+6. In the following year, 1412, we have the collar of SS. represented on
+the brass of Sir Thomas Swynborne in Little Horkeley Church, Essex. Two
+or three years before, and perhaps at the time of his death, the knight
+held the offices of Mayor of Bordeaux, and of the king's lieutenant in
+those parts.
+
+The last five of these are in the reign of Henry IV. In the reign of
+Henry V., I am not aware of any examples; but in that of Henry VI., we
+find five other instances.
+
+7. In Trotton Church, Sussex, is the monument of Thomas Lord Camoys, who
+died in 1424, and of his wife; both of whom are distinguished by the
+collar. He was a Knight of the Garter, and commanded the left wing of
+the English army at the battle of Agincourt.
+
+8. A monument, supposed to be that of Sir John Segrave, dated in 1425,
+occurs in Dorchester Church, Oxfordshire: of whom I can state nothing.
+
+9. On the brass of John Leventhorpe, Esq., in the church of
+Sawbridgeworth, in Hertfordshire, the collar is also to be found. He
+died in 1433, and was one of the executors named in the will of King
+Henry IV.[4]
+
+  [Footnote 4: Devon's Issue Roll, 334.]
+
+10. The monument in Yatton Church, Somersetshire, representing a judge
+in his robes, is traditionally ascribed to Sir Richard Newton, who died
+Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in 1449. This is, I believe, the first
+example of a judge being represented with the collar of SS.
+
+11. The silver collars of the king's livery bequeathed by the will of
+John Baret of Bury, may be presumed, although he did not die till after
+the accession of Edward IV., to be of the livery of Henry VI.; as he is
+not only represented on his tomb, which he had erected during Henry's
+reign, with the collar of SS.; but the chantry, also built by him, is
+profusely ornamented with the same collar, enclosing his monogram J. B.
+He probably received the privilege of wearing it during Henry's visit to
+St. Edmondsbury in 1433.[5]
+
+  [Footnote 5: Bury Wills, Camden Soc. 15-14. 233.]
+
+I shall be glad to see a continuation of this list carried on through
+subsequent reigns, since it is only by the multiplication of examples
+that we shall be enabled to form a more correct conclusion on the
+various questions connected with this interesting subject.
+
+Will one of your correspondents kindly inform me where it appears that
+Richard II. ever wore the collar of SS.?
+
+    EDWARD FOSS.
+
+
+PRINTING.
+
+This art cannot be assigned to any single year, but must rather be
+referred to a _decennium_; and the one in which we now are (1851--1860),
+is certainly the first decennium of the fifth century of the existence
+of the art. If anything were proposed in the way of celebration of this
+_anni_versary, probably the year 1855 would be chosen, not only as the
+year which touches the middle of the decennium, but as being very
+probably the year in which the printing of the Bible was completed. We
+have then a year or two to consider in what manner the spirit which
+anniversaries usually call up shall be turned to account. The following
+will probably be suggested.
+
+_A feed._ If we could call down Fust and Gutenberg to witness that
+within twelve hours after dessert and commonplaces are finished, an
+account of the dinner, as long as three epistles of St. Paul, would be
+about the world in something like a hundred thousand copies, such a
+celebration would have a strong point of interest about it.
+
+_A monument in sculpture._ That is to say, a lame subscription, a
+committee, five-and-twenty abusive paragraphs before the thing is done,
+one more when, ten years after, it is completed, and a short notice in
+the handbooks of London in all time to come.
+
+If these two modes are abandoned, many others would be proposed. Mine
+would be, a subscription to defray the expense of publishing, on a large
+scale, a book of fac-similes of early typography, to be sold at a cheap
+rate, with such prefatory matter as would form an accurate popular
+history of printing from 1450 to 1550. The great interest with which I
+saw plain working men looking at the treasures now exhibited in glass
+cases at the British Museum, made me think of this.
+
+Reference is frequently made upon the origin of printing, to the
+_fasciculus temporum_, or _Cologne Chronicle_. In one place I find a
+citation in support of the Gutenberg Bible having been commenced in
+1450; in another citation it is only affirmed that printing was first
+done in that year. The only edition I have the means of consulting at
+this moment is that of Ratdolt, 1484. And here I find nothing about
+printing except that, of the year 1457 and thereabouts, it is said that
+
+  "Artifices mira celeritate subtiliores solito fiunt. Et
+  impressores librorum multiplicant in terra."
+
+In the preface Ratdolt says that he had printed the _fasciculus_ three
+times already, of which Hain mentions two. He says, moreover, that this
+fourth (Venice) edition was _cura et opera diligentiori_. Did Ratdolt,
+after inquiry, abandon the more specific account above cited, and
+content himself with the above sentence, as expressing all that could be
+verified; or, as I have sometimes supposed, do _different books_
+circulate under the title of _fasciculus temporum_? Be this as it may,
+Ratdolt expressly refers to the great impulse which the mechanical arts
+in general received just about the time when printing became common. Now
+we may hope the same thing of the decennium on which we are entering,
+the beginning of which is made conspicuous by the great forcing-house of
+art, which has not yet got the name it is to keep.
+
+    M.
+
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Bible divination in Suffolk._--In Suffolk it is a practice on New
+Year's Eve to open a Bible at midnight, and the passage upon which they
+stick a pin will be the luck (good or bad) that attends them the
+following year.
+
+    R. J. S.
+
+_Mode of Discovering the Bodies of the Drowned._--What must we think of
+the following, transcribed from the _Gentleman's Mag._, vol. xxxvii. p.
+189.? Can such things be?
+
+  "WEDNESDAY, APRIL 8, 1767.
+
+  "An inquisition was taken at _Newbery_, _Berks_, on the body of a
+  child near two years old, who fell into the river _Kennet_, and
+  was drowned. The jury brought in their verdict _accidental death_.
+  The body was discovered by a very singular experiment, which was
+  as follows:--After diligent search had been made in the river for
+  the child, to no purpose, a two-penny loaf, with a quantity of
+  quicksilver put into it, was set floating from the place where the
+  child it was supposed had fallen in, which steered its course down
+  the river upwards of half a mile, before a great number of
+  spectators, when the body happening to lay on the contrary side of
+  the river, the loaf suddenly tacked about, and swam across the
+  river, and gradually sunk near the child, when both the child and
+  loaf were immediately brought up, with grabbers ready for that
+  purpose."
+
+Is this experiment ever tried at the present time, and do there exist
+any authentic accounts of such trials and their results?
+
+    * & ?
+
+  Manpadt House.
+
+_Somersetshire Rhyme._--In Vol. iii., p. 206., there is mention of a
+traditional rhyme on Lynn and Rising. At Taunton, in Somersetshire,
+there is a similar tradition current:
+
+      "Nertown was a market town
+      When Taunton was a furzy down."
+
+This Nertown is a village adjoining Taunton, and lying on the north side
+of it. Its name is variously regarded as a corruption of Northtown
+Near-town, and Nethertown, of which the last is doubtless the right
+derivation.
+
+    R. D. H.
+
+
+DICTIONARY OF HACKNEYED QUOTATIONS.
+
+Allow me to suggest the publication of a small work, which might be
+entitled "The Book of Hackneyed Quotations." Manifold would be its
+usefulness. Here information would be imparted to enquirers anxious to
+discover the source of such passages and the labours of other oracles,
+as well as of the editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES," would be thus in this
+department diminished. Reporters would by this means be enabled to
+correct mistakes; for, owing either to blunders in the delivery, or
+errors in the short-hand notes, rarely are quotations faithfully
+printed. The gentleman "totally unaccustomed to public speaking," and
+the orator of "unadorned eloquence," might from hence cull some flowers
+wherewith to embellish their speeches while to the practised author and
+the accomplished speaker such a collection might serve as an index
+expurgatorius, teaching them what to avoid as common-place, and so the
+recurrence of old friends, "familiar in our mouths as household words,"
+would be more "like angels' visits, few and far between."
+
+An index referring to the rhyming or important words should be appended,
+and it would be advisable to subjoin translation of the few Latin and
+French citations.
+
+Surely it is "devoutly to be wished" that the proposed little work may
+find "a local habitation and a name," and that the idea may not vanish
+into thin air "like the baseless fabric of a vision." No doubt several
+of your correspondents who do not think that "ignorance is bliss," and
+that it is "folly to be wise," would gladly lend their aid, and the
+constant "cry" would be "they come." As to the title, "a rose by any
+other name would smell as sweet:" but "somewhat too much of this."
+
+    TT.
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Cocker's Arithmetic._--I have a copy of Cocker's _Arithmetic_, the 37th
+edition, 1720, with an engraved portrait of the author; respecting which
+there is the following manuscript note on the flyleaf:--
+
+  "Mr. Douce, of Bath, the literary antiquary and book-collector,
+  showed me a copy of Cocker's _Arithmetic_, with the _frontispiece
+  cut of the author_, which he said was very scarce.
+
+  "J. P., April, 1823."
+
+Mr. Douce's copy (the first edition, 1678) is now in the possession of
+Mr. Rainy, an upholsterer in Bath, and is for sale. He asks 8_l._ 10_s._
+for it.
+
+    CRANMORE.
+
+_The Duke of Normandy._--The question relative to the late Duke of
+Normandy being the individual who was Dauphin of France, the son of
+Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette, and who was said to have died in the
+Temple, has never been as publicly and satisfactorily settled as it
+deserves. The high station and unquestionable integrity of the
+individuals of the Perceval family who instituted the inquiry, and in
+the most open manner laid the results of that inquiry before the public,
+constitute an unexceptionable guarantee for its genuineness and
+authenticity. The acute perception and accurate memory of Madame Tussaud
+carry great weight with them. She was asked by the writer of this
+paragraph, if she thought the person calling himself the Duke of
+Normandy was the same individual she had modelled when a child. Madame
+Tussaud replied with great emphasis, "I would take my oath of it for he
+had a peculiar formation on the neck which still remains. Besides
+something transpired between us, which he referred to, which was never
+likely to be mentioned to any one." The late Mr. Jeremy, the active and
+highly intelligent magistrate who presided in the court of Greenwich,
+and whose long experience adds value to his judgment, was of opinion
+that there were no traces of the impostor discovered by him during
+several scrutinising examinations which were held in his office, and
+that the members of the old French nobility who were present treated him
+with profound respect. He was supported through unknown channels, was
+twice shot at, and refused permission by the French government, though
+it was applied for by legal advocates of the highest standing, to bring
+the question before the legal tribunals. At first the Emperor of Russia
+and the King of Prussia, who knew that the Dauphin was alive, opposed
+the Duke of Wellington's proposal to reinstate Louis XVIII. The Empress
+Josephine is also said to have been aware, that the Dauphine did not die
+in the Temple, and is reported to have said "Ah! legitimacy is nearer
+than you suppose." It is an unsettled historical question worthy the
+attention of the historian who has time to bestow on it.
+
+    ÆGROTUS.
+
+_Anachronisms and Errors of Painters._--Perhaps the commonest of all
+anachronisms of painters is that of representing St. John Baptist in a
+Holy Family, himself a child, adoring the infant Saviour, and carrying a
+slight cross or flag, with the motto "Ecce Agnus Dei." That John knew
+our Lord as an eminently holy man is clear frown his expostulation, "I
+have need to be baptized of Thee," &c.; but he himself most distinctly
+assures us that it was not till he saw the Spirit descending on Jesus
+like a dove that he knew him as the promised Messiah and Lamb of God.
+
+I have seen an engraving from an old Master (perhaps some of your
+correspondents may remember the painting itself) in which the mother of
+Zebedee's children comes forward to beg the boon on their behalf, James
+and John being represented as boys of seven or eight, one on each side
+of her. These errors of painters are perhaps excusable when they
+occurred at a time when the Bible was not in everybody's hands: but what
+excuse can we make for artist's blunders now? The _Illustrated News_ has
+lately given us prints from paintings by living artists, in one of
+which, "Noah's Sacrifice," a couple of fat ducks figure as _clean_ fowl
+at the foot of the altar; and in the other, the Five Wise and Five
+Foolish Virgins have increased into two sevens; neither error being
+apparently noticed by the editor. It is said that no sea piece, however
+fine, is admitted to our exhibitions if the rigging is incorrect. Would
+it not be quite as advisable to exclude Scripture pieces with palpable
+blunders?
+
+    P. P.
+
+_The Ring Finger._--The English Book of Common Prayer orders that the
+ring should be put "upon the _fourth_ finger of the woman's left hand;"
+and the spousal manuals of York and Salisbury assign this practical
+reason for the selection of the said finger:
+
+  "Quia in illo digito est quædam vena procedens usque ad
+  cor."--Maskell, _Ancient Liturgy of the Church of England_, 2nd
+  edition, Preface, page clv. note: Lond. 1846.
+
+Aulus Gellius tells us--
+
+  "Veteres Græcos annulum habuisse in digito accepimus sinistræ
+  manus, qui minimo est proximus. Romanos quoque homines aiunt, sic
+  plerumque annulis usitatos. Causam esse hujus rei Appianus in
+  libris Ægyptiacis hanc dicit: quod insectis apertisque humanis
+  corporibus, ut mos in Ægypto fuit, quas Graeci ἀνατομὰς
+  appellant, repertum est, _nervum quendam tenuissimum ab eo uno
+  digito, de quo diximus, ad cor hominis pergere ac pervenire_.
+  Propterea non inscitum visum esse, eum potissimum digitum tali
+  honore decorandum, qui continens et quasi connexus esse cum
+  principatu cordis videretur."--_Noctes Atticæ_, lib. x. cap. 10.
+
+Other reasons are assigned by Macrobius; and the author of the _Vulgar
+Errors_ (book iv. ch. 4.) has entirely overthrown the anatomical fiction
+mentioned above. Can any one give me any further information than that
+contained in L'Estrange or Wheatly, or in the authors to which they
+refer? The fourth finger of the left hand is certainly "the least active
+finger of the hand least used, upon which, therefore, the ring may be
+always in view, and least subject to be worn out:" but this is a very
+unromantic and utilitarian idea.
+
+    RT.
+
+  Warmington, Aug. 9. 1851.
+
+_The Od Force._--As considerable interest appertains to the earlier
+manifestations of what is now termed Mesmerism, the following Note may
+not be altogether unworthy of a place.
+
+The experiment, upon which a subjective proof of the agency of the power
+of Od is founded, as described by Dr. Herbert Mayo in the supplementary
+chapter to the last edition of _Letters on the Truths contained in
+Popular Superstitions_, and alluded to by R. D. H. (Vol. iii., p. 517.),
+is another instance of there being "nothing new under the sun." In the
+_Bigarrures du Seigneur des Accords_, first published at Paris in 1582,
+in the chapter "Des faux Sorciers et de leur Impostures" occurs the
+following passage, which I copy _verbatim et literatim_:--
+
+  "Autres ont une ruse, qu'ils semblent d'attacher un anneau d'or ou
+  d'argent à un petit filet, qu'on suspend dans un verre à demy
+  plain d'eaue, et puis l'ayant trempé pair trois fois, disent
+  bellement ce verset du Psalme, autant de fois, 'Ecce enim
+  veritatem dilexisti, incerta et occulta sapientiæ tuæ manifestasti
+  mihi.' L'anneau bat contre le verre, et sonne autant d'heures
+  qu'il en peut estre."
+
+    W. PINKERTON.
+
+  Ham.
+
+_New Costume for Ladies._--The following paragraph, extracted from a
+London paper (November, 1794) would lead to the conclusion that the
+agitation regarding costume now going on in America, is not entirely
+novel; the Turkish fashion having been introduced unsuccessfully into
+this metropolis in the last century:--
+
+  "The young ladies of _haut ton_, who have invented _Turkish_
+  fashions, will not be surprised if their _husbands_ should follow
+  their example, and adopt the _Turkish taste for variety_.--No man
+  of sense can be _long_ attached to such _absurdity_!"
+
+    G. R.
+
+  Thanet Place, Temple Bar, Aug. 20.
+
+
+
+
+Queries.
+
+
+JUDGES STYLED REVEREND, ETC.
+
+I read a Query not long ago as to the time when the title "Very
+Reverend" was first given to Deans. I would also offer a Query, When did
+the Judges lose the title of "Reverend" and "Very Reverend," and obtain
+that of "Honorable?" In the second volume of _The Year Books_ the
+approbation of the twelve judges to the publication of the reports is
+headed, "By the approbation of the _Reverend Judges_;" and the following
+is copied from the title-page: "_Le Premier Part de les Reports del
+Cases en Ley, que furent argués en le Temps de le très Haut et Puissant
+Prince, Roy Edward le Tierce. Ore nouvelment Imprimés, Corrigés et
+Amendés, avec les Notations and References de l' très Reverend et trés
+Sage Juges de cest Royaulme, Brook et Fitzherbert. Printed, 1679._"
+
+In the title-page of the sixth volume we find "_Avec les Notations de le
+très Reverend Juges, Brook et Fitzherbert_."
+
+Was this title, "Reverend," derived from the address given to judges
+when ecclesiastics filled judicial offices, or is it simply a title of
+respect applied to all persons to whom, on account of their position in
+society, respectful address is due; of which we have an example in
+Othello's address to the Venetian senators:
+
+    "Most potent, grave, and reverend seniors."
+
+When did the address, "The Honorable," now given to the judges, come
+into use?
+
+How comes it that in Court the Puisne Judges are addressed by the title
+of "Lord," whereas the Master of the Rolls, who ranks before them,
+receives the title of "Your Honor?"
+
+The use of the title "Honorable" to the House of Commons, and to members
+within its walls, is familiar to us all.
+
+The worthiness and antiquity of the title is proved by its being given
+to one of the Persons of the Eternal Trinity in the Te Deum.
+
+    F. W. J.
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+93. _Frederick Egmont; Peter (Egmont?)._--They appear as booksellers
+merely and only, so far as I can make out, because the _promptorius
+puerorum_, or _medulla grammaticæ_, printed by Pynson, in 1499, is said,
+in the colophon, to be at their expense. Neither Ames nor Dibdin gives
+any further evidence. The following is therefore worth a Note. It is
+from the _ad lectorem_ (or rather, the _adolescentibus studiosis_) of
+the _Multorum Vocabulorum equivocorum interpretatio Magistri Johannes de
+garlandia_: Paris, 1502, 4to.
+
+  "Sed nihil tam arduum tamque difficile fuit quod labor improbus
+  non vicerit. Ut videlicet mei amicissimo Fredericho Egmont morem
+  gererem optatissimus: qui cum in vestra excellentissima anglie
+  patria. Et librorum sit fidelissimus mercator et amicorum suorum
+  amantissimus, nullum unque librum ex officina sua nisi perquam
+  castigatus emittet."
+
+Query, was F. Egmont a printer as well as a bookseller? Granting that
+_officina_ means a shop, how can a mere bookseller sell none but
+correctly printed works? The writer of the above was himself a
+bookseller (Joh. Ant. Venetus).
+
+Of Peter above-mentioned, or rather of his name, the following is the
+history:--The colophon of the _promptorius_, of which there is a copy in
+the Grenville Library, runs as follows "... in expensis virtuosorum
+virorum Frederici Egmont et Petri post pascha, anno domini MCCCC
+nonagessimo nono, decima v'a die mensis Maii." Hence Hain and others
+have entered Peter post Pascha as an English bookseller, presuming that
+the words _post pascha_ cannot belong to the date, because the more
+definite day, "May 15," follows. But surely, among the varieties of the
+time when every man did what seemed good in his own eyes as to titles,
+colophons, &c., it may easily have happened that a double description of
+a part of the date may have occurred, one description containing more
+than the other. Query, Can any other instance be produced of this
+hypertautology?[6] At any rate, such a thing is more likely than that a
+bookseller should have been called _Peter After-Easter_. At the same
+time such whimsical things were done in the Latinization of names, both
+by their owners and by others for them, that no certain conclusion can
+be drawn. For example, more atrocious changes have been made than would
+be that of Easterby into _post pascha_.
+
+    M.
+
+  [Footnote 6: [We are glad to supply our correspondent with another
+  instance of hypertautology, and from a work in great demand during
+  this part of the year. On the cover of Bradshaw's _Railway Guide_
+  we read, "Eighth Month (August) 1st, 1851."]]
+
+94. _Unlucky for pregnant Women to take an Oath._--In a police case,
+reported in _The Times_ of the 28th of May, a woman was called as a
+witness who, however, upon the book being tendered to her, positively
+refused to be sworn, with the remark, that it must be evident to the
+magistrate that she could not take an oath. The usher of the court said
+that the woman was pregnant, and that low women who were in that
+situation, entertained an absurd belief that it was unlucky to take an
+oath. What is the origin of this superstition? Is it common amongst the
+uneducated classes of society?
+
+    COWGILL.
+
+95. _Cockroach_ (Vol. i., p. 194.).--Having seen in "NOTES AND QUERIES"
+some interesting particulars on the subject of beetle mythology, I am
+induced to put a Query as to the derivation of the word "cockroach." The
+common appellation for this insect in the French islands is _ravet_,
+but the more correct one is _kakerlaque_. Does the affinity in sound
+between this latter term and "cockroach," slight though it be, warrant
+the supposition that the one may be derived from the other?
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, May, 1851.
+
+96. _Felton._--What has become of the letter said to have been found in
+Felton's hat when he stabbed the Duke of Buckingham? Upcott once had it,
+but it did not appear in the sale catalogue of his collection.
+
+    ??
+
+97. _Date of a Charter._--Having been in the habit of making frequent
+consultations to the MSS. in the British Museum respecting the county of
+Wilts, I found a charter temp. Henry III., the date of which is given as
+"_Thursday next after the day whereon the King sent his daughter into
+Sicily_!"
+
+It is now three years since I last saw the original, and having mislaid
+my transcript, I quote from memory; but I believe I am correct in my
+rendering from the Latin.
+
+Can you, through the medium of your valuable publication, fix with
+accuracy this date, as I have not been able to do so.
+
+    J. T. HAND.
+
+  29. Threadneedle Street, Aug. 13. 1851.
+
+98. _Thomas Tusser the "Husbandman."_--Has any new evidence been
+discovered to prove the correct dates of the birth and decease of this
+"old English worthy?" On his own authority we learn that Rivenhall, near
+Witham in Essex, was the place of his nativity, and his remains were
+interred (about 1580?) in St. Mildred's church in the Poultry. Are any
+particulars known of Sir Richard Southwell, one of Tusser's patrons?
+
+    EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+99. _Godfrey Higgins' Works._--Have the works of Godfrey Higgins (the
+_Celtic Druids_ and the _Anacalypsis_) ever been reviewed, and where? if
+not, can any of your readers inform me what is the opinion generally
+entertained of these productions?
+
+    OUTIS.
+
+100. _Noctes Templariæ._--In turning over yesterday a MS. volume in the
+University Library, I met with a tract of 8 pp., with the title, _Noctes
+Templariæ: a Briefe Chronicle of the darke Raigne of the bright Prince
+of burning Love_. Stradilan is the name of the principal character in
+this most mad composition. As to the author, I shall be glad to receive
+information from those better acquainted with the fugitive literature of
+the seventeenth century than
+
+    W. R. C.
+
+  Cambridge.
+
+101. _Commissioners on Officers of Justice in England._--On July 27th,
+1733, commissioners were appointed to survey the officers of justice in
+England and Wales, and to inquire into their fees. Will any of your
+learned readers inform me whether these commissioners made any report of
+the returns of fees which they received in pursuance of their
+commission, and where is such report or returns deposited? This inquiry
+may lead to some important results.
+
+    INQUIRER.
+
+102. _Marcus Ælius Antoninus._--Can you or any of your correspondents
+inform me what writer is concealed under the pseudonyme of Marcus Ælius
+Antoninus, in the following title?
+
+  "De scripto quodam cleri secundarii et leguleorum cololiensium
+  planè detestabili, adversus Evangelii doctrinam et ordines Imperii
+  nuper edito Querela Marci Ælii Antonini Imperatoris, qui
+  Philosophus à bonis literis magna laude cognominatus est. 1543."
+
+    TYRO.
+
+  Dublin.
+
+103. _Derivation of Pic-nic._--Can any of your subscribers inform me of
+the derivation of the word "Pic-nic?"
+
+    A. F. S.
+
+  Nottingham, Aug. 12.
+
+104. _Sir Thomas More's Knighthood._--I should, be glad of the date when
+the honour of knighthood was conferred on this eminent man and also the
+date of his admission into the privy council. If I am rightly informed,
+the records of the privy council are preserved only since 1540.
+
+    EDWARD F. RIMBAULT
+
+105. _Portrait of Mandeville, author of the Fable of "The Bees."_--Could
+any of your numerous readers inform me whether there is in existence any
+authenticated portrait of Dr. Bernard de Mandeville, author of the fable
+of "The Bees?" I have made a fruitless search for several years past.
+
+    B. G.
+
+106. _Dingle, early History of._--Any references to works, MS. or
+printed, containing notices of the early history of Dingle and its
+neighbourhood, in the county of Kerry, Ireland, will much oblige.
+
+    R. H.
+
+107. _Ancient Egypt, Language of._--What are the best standard works on
+the study of the language of ancient Egypt, as preserved in its
+monuments? What are the best works on its chronology? What translations
+exist of its "Ritual of the Dead?" I am acquainted with Lepsius
+Todtenbuch. What MSS. of it, _if any_, are preserved in British museums
+or libraries? have they been collated? I am acquainted with that in the
+library of Trinity College, Dublin, formerly in possession of the late
+Lord Kingsborough, which, I believe, has never been even lithographed;
+though among the members of that university are a Hincks, a Wall, and a
+Butcher.
+
+    S. P. H. T.
+
+108. _Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe._--None of the biographers of the famous Dr.
+Matthew Sutcliffe, Dean of Exeter, the controversial writer, and founder
+of Chelsea College, state where he was born, or where interred.
+Faulkner, in his _History of Chelsea_, observes that he was probably a
+native of Devonshire; but there appears to be some ground for
+considering that he was of a family settled at Mayroyd, in the parish of
+Halifax in Yorkshire. In a conveyance of the estate, dated 29th January,
+1581, the grantor is Matthew Sutcliffe, "Doctor of Civil Law, dwelling
+in London." He was of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Doctor of Civil
+Law: he died in 1629. In his will he desires to be buried in Exeter
+Cathedral. Probably the inscription on his tombstone, if still existing,
+might settle this uncertainty. I shall feel obliged to any of your
+correspondents who can throw any light on the subject.
+
+    JAMES CROSSLEY.
+
+109. _Names first given to Parishes._--Is there any means of
+ascertaining the time at which names were first given to parishes? and
+can any reason be given for the recurrence of one termination in a
+particular locality? Thus between Caistor and Brigg in Lincolnshire, a
+distance of about nine miles, there are, I understand, the several
+parishes or hamlets of _Clixby_, _Fonaby_, _Grassby_, _Ownby_, _Searby_,
+_Bigby_, _Barnetby_, _Wrawby_, and there are many others in the
+neighbourhood. Of course, I know the meaning of _by_, as a termination;
+but I wish to know why it occurs so often in one locality, when perhaps
+a few miles off you have as many _hams_ or _thorpes_.
+
+Can you suggest any probable derivation of _Swinhop_?
+
+    F. B.
+
+  Leamington.
+
+110. _German Testament._--What is the most literal German translation of
+the New Testament? Is the translation published by the British and
+Foreign Bible Society in 1844 to be depended on?
+
+    A. G.
+
+111. _The Man of Law._--Who was the author of the following lines quoted
+by Mr. Serjeant Byles a short time since?--
+
+      "The man of law, who never saw,
+        The way to buy or sell,
+      Shall never rise, by merchandise,
+        Or ever speed him well."
+
+They may not be quite correct, as I write from memory.
+
+    W. W. KING.
+
+112. _The Termination "Ship."_--What is the origin of the termination
+_ship_, in such words as consul_ship_, prætor_ship_, lord_ship_, and
+others?
+
+    A. W. H.
+
+113. _Nullus and Nemo._--I have two old quarto tracts, of eight pages
+each, printed, as seems both by the type and by an allusion contained in
+one of them, between 1520 and 1530, or thereabouts. They are part of a
+satirical controversy, the subject of which is very obscure, between
+_Nemo_ of Wittemberg, and _Nullus_ of Leipsic. Though printed, we must
+suppose, at the two places, the opponents have evidently clubbed for a
+woodcut to be common to the two title-pages.
+
+In this cut an unfortunate householder stands in an attitude of despair,
+surrounded by what are as much in our day as in his the doings of
+_nobody_, as broken crockery, hardware, &c. In the distance his kitchen
+is visible, in which two nobodies are busy with his meat and wine. A
+young woman is carrying an infant to the priest to be baptized; and from
+the way in which the worthy man holds up his finger, we may fear she has
+just confessed that it is nobody's child. Can any of your readers give
+any information?
+
+    M.
+
+114. _The noblest Object of the Work of Art._--Can any of your readers
+discover the answer to the adjoining riddles which I have met with,
+though I neither know its author nor answer?--
+
+      "The noblest object of the work of art,
+      The brightest gem that nature can impart,
+      The point essential in the tenant's lease,
+      The well-known signal in the time of peace,
+      The farmer's comfort when he holds the plough,
+      The soldier's duty and the lover's vow,
+      The planet seen between the earth and sun,
+      The prize that merit never yet hath won,
+      The miser's idol and the badge of Jews,
+      The wife's ambition and the parson's dues.
+      If now your noble spirit can divine,
+      A corresponding word for every line,
+      By the first letters plainly will be shown,
+      An ancient city of no small renown."
+
+    A. W. H.
+
+115. _Poulster._--Can any one inform me if I am right in supposing that
+this word, used in the reign of George I. as an addition expressing
+trade, is the same as our _upholsterer_?
+
+    D. X.
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Reverend Cæsar de Missy._--Can you furnish me with any particulars
+respecting the Rev. Cæsar de Missy? Bishop Middleton, in his work on the
+Greek article, quotes once or twice some MS. notes of his, now in the
+British Museum; and a rare edition of the Septuagint (Basil, 1545), now
+in my possession, contains his autograph under date Londini, 1745. I
+have not met with his name in any biographical work, and should
+therefore be obliged by any information respecting his life and works.
+
+    QUIDAM.
+
+  [Cæsar de Missy, a learned Prussian divine, was born at Berlin,
+  1703. Having settled in England, he was appointed in 1762 to be
+  one of the French chaplains to George III., and died 1773. His
+  valuable library, which was sold by Baker and Leigh in 1778,
+  consisted of many books enriched with his MS. notes, some of which
+  were purchased for his Majesty's library, some for the British
+  Museum, and some by Dr. Hunter, who also bought several of his
+  manuscripts. A biographical account of De Missy will be found in
+  Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_, under _De Missy_ and a list
+  of his works in Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_, art. _Missy_.]
+
+_F. Beaumont and Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. ii., p. 263.).--"An acre sown with
+royal seed," &c. Would M. W. kindly say _where_ the passage in Beaumont
+is to be found?
+
+    C. P. E.
+
+  [The passage occurs in the poem entitled "On the Tombs in
+  Westminster Abbey." See Beaumont and Fletcher's _Works_, vol. ii.
+  p. 709. edit. 1840.]
+
+"_Carve out Dials._"--
+
+      "----Carve out dials, quaintly, point by point,
+      Thereby to set the minutes, how they run,
+      How many make the Hour full, complete;
+      How many hours bring about the Day."
+
+Where is the above quotation from? It heads an advertisement of the _Sam
+Slick Clocks_.
+
+    G. CREED.
+
+  [It will be found in Shakspeare's _King Henry VI._, Part III. Act
+  II. Sc. 5.]
+
+_Log Book._--What is the origin of _Log Book_?
+
+    G. CREED.
+
+  [The Log _board_ no doubt gave rise to the Log _book_, as being
+  more convenient for preserving a record of the ship's course,
+  winds, and weather. Consult Falconer's _Dictionary of the
+  Marine_.]
+
+_Lord Clydesdale._--Would you kindly inform me who was the "Lord Mar.
+Clydesdale," or "Clidsdale," whose name appears as a commoner of St.
+Mary's College, Winchester, in 1735; and in other Rolls about that date?
+
+    MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+P.S. May I in your columns beg all Wykehamists to send to me, under care
+of my publisher, any information concerning their old school?
+
+  [James, Marquis of Clydesdale, was afterwards fifth Duke of
+  Hamilton, and second Duke of Brandon. See Douglas' _Peerage of
+  Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 473. 722.]
+
+"_Time is the Stuff of which Life is made._"--There is a phrase, "Time
+is the stuff that life is made of," which has been taken for a line of
+Shakspeare. A reference to Mrs. Clark's _Concordance_ shows that that
+supposition is erroneous. Can any of your readers inform me where the
+phrase may be found?
+
+    H.
+
+  [It occurs in Dr. Franklin's _Works_, vol. iii. p. 454., edit.
+  1806, in the article "The Way to Wealth, as clearly shown in the
+  Preface of an old Pennsylvania Almanack, intitled, Poor Richard
+  Improved." He says, "But dost thou love life, then do not squander
+  time, for that is the stuff life is made of, as Poor Richard
+  says." Franklin may have quoted it from some previous author.]
+
+"_Yet forty Days_" (Jonah iii. 4.)--"Yet forty days and Nineveh shall be
+overthrown."--Septuagint (Baxter's edition) "Ἔτι τρεῖς
+ἥμεραι," &c.: "Yet _three_ days."--How is this?
+
+    NEDLAM.
+
+  [Τρεῖς is the common reading of the LXX. as ארבעים
+  of the Hebrew. We know of no variants. J. H. Michaelis'
+  account of the matter is, "Perperam vero LXX. hunc
+  _quadragenarium_ dierum numerum in _triduanum_ commutarunt."]
+
+_The Empress Helena._--Most readers of general history are aware that
+the parentage of the renowned mother of the still more renowned
+Constantine has been claimed for two widely different sources,--a
+British king on the one hand, and an innkeeper of Bithynia on the other.
+In favour of the former, we have Geoffrey of Monmouth, Carte the English
+historian, and modern Welsh authors; for the latter, Gibbon and his
+authorities. The object of the present Query is threefold: 1. Will some
+one having access to Geoffrey be kind enough to favour me (in the
+original or a translation) with the exact statement of the chronicler to
+which Gibbon refers? 2. Are writers of intelligence and credit quite
+agreed that the tradition which assigns to the wife of Constantius a
+royal British parentage was "invented in the darkness of monasteries?"
+3. Where is the question--one of interest in many ways--fully and
+satisfactorily discussed?
+
+    H.
+
+  [The statement will be found in Geoffrey's _British History_, book
+  v. ch. 6.:--"After the decease of Coel, a petty prince of
+  Caercolvin [Colchester], Constantius himself was crowned, and
+  married the daughter of Coel[7], whose name was Helena. She
+  surpassed all the ladies of the country in beauty, as she did all
+  others of the time in her skill in music and the liberal arts. Her
+  father had no other issue to succeed him on the throne; for which
+  reason he was very careful about her education, that she might be
+  better qualified to govern the kingdom. Constantius, therefore,
+  having made her partner of his bed, had a son by her called
+  Constantine." Thus far Geoffrey; and with him agree Baronius,
+  Ussher, Stillingfleet, and Camden. The learned Lipsius' opinion of
+  this tradition, in his letter to Mr. Camden, will be found in his
+  _Epistles_, page 64. The traditions, however, is not mentioned by
+  Gildas, Nennius, or Bede. Our correspondent will find a long
+  discussion on this disputed point in Alban Butler's _Lives of the
+  Saints_, August 18, Art. "S. Helen." See also Tillemont, _Hist.
+  des Empereurs_, t. iv.]
+
+  [Footnote 7: This petty king is probably the hero of the old
+  popular ditty:
+
+      "Old King Coel,
+      Was a merry old soul," &c.]
+
+
+
+
+Replies.
+
+
+ROYAL LIBRARY.
+
+(Vol. iii., P. 427.; Vol. iv., p. 69.)
+
+I have delayed contradicting the stories told about the Royal Library in
+the _Quarterly Review_ of last December, and repeated in the
+_Illustrated Boswell_, and, I am sorry to say, still more gravely and
+circumstantially reproduced by the Editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES." I have
+delayed, I say, until I was enabled to satisfy myself more completely as
+to one of the allegations of _your_ Note. I can now venture to assure
+you that the whole story of the projected sale to Russia is absolutely
+unfounded; and that the Princess Lieven, whose supposed agency is the
+gist of the story, never heard a syllable about it, till my inquiry
+brought it to her notice, and that she has given it the most absolute
+contradiction. As there never was any such proposition, I need not say
+that the interference against it attributed to Mr. Heber and Lord
+Sidmouth is equally unfounded. The real history of the affair is
+this:--Mr. Nash, the architect, had rendered himself very agreeable to
+George IV. by his alterations and additions to the Pavilion at Brighton,
+and he managed to obtain (somewhat irregularly, I believe) the job of
+altering old Buckingham House, which was originally intended, or at
+least proposed, to be only an extensive repair and more commodious
+arrangement of the existing edifice. Under that notion, Mr. Nash had
+little difficulty in persuading the king that the space occupied by so
+large a library could not be spared for that purpose, if the house was
+to be arranged as a _palace_ both for private residence and for purposes
+of state; and as there was a very great jealousy in Parliament of the
+expense of Buckingham House, he was afraid to propose the erection of an
+additional building to receive the books. It was then that the scheme
+was hit on, I know not exactly by whom (but I believe by Mr. Nash), of
+giving the books to the British Museum. The principal part of the
+library occupied three large rooms, two oblong and one an octagon. The
+former were to have been absorbed into the living apartments, and the
+octagon was to be preserved as a _chapel_, which it was proposed to
+adorn with the seven _cartoons_ of Raphael from Hampton Court. All
+these, and several other schemes, vanished before Mr. Nash's larger
+views and increased favour, which led by degrees to the total
+destruction of the old house, and the erection of an entirely new
+palace, which however retains strong evidence of the occasional and
+piecemeal principle on which it was begun. But in the meanwhile the
+library was gone. _I know_ that some members of the government were very
+averse to this disposal of the library: they thought, and _strongly
+represented_, that a royal residence should, not be without a library;
+and that this particular collection, made especially _ad hoc_, should
+not have been, on any pretence, and above all on one so occasional and
+trivial, diverted from its original destination. It is very possible
+that Mr. Heber may have expressed this opinion; and I think I may say
+that Lord Sidmouth certainly did so: but, on the other hand, some of the
+king's advisers were not sorry to see the collection added to the Museum
+_pro bono publico_; and so the affair concluded,--very unsatisfactorily,
+as I thought and think, as regards the crown, to whom this library ought
+to have been an heirloom; and indeed I doubt whether it was not so in
+point of law. It is likely enough that the gift of the library may have
+been _partly_ prompted by a hope of putting the public in better humour
+as to the expenses of Buckingham House; but the idea of a _sale to
+Russia_ never, I am sure, entered the head of any of the parties.
+
+    C.
+
+
+THE "EISELL" CONTROVERSY.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 64. 135.)
+
+I can easily suppose, after the space you have given to J. S. W. (Vol.
+iv., p. 64.) to sum up on the long-protracted controversy of the
+_Eisell_ interpretation, that you will scarcely permit it to be renewed.
+J. S. W.'s judgment, though given with much amenity and fulness, I
+cannot think satisfactory, as towards its close he evidently sinks into
+the advocate.
+
+Theobald, a most admirable annotator, has narrowed the controversy very
+properly, to the consideration whether Hamlet was here proposing
+possibilities or impossibilities. J. S. W. dwells on the whole of the
+dialogue between Hamlet and Laertes as a rant; and sinks all the lines
+and passages that would bring it down to sanity. But this seems to line
+singularly unjust. Imprimis, Hamlet is not enraged like Laertes, "who
+hath a dear sister lost," and is a very choleric, impetuous, and
+arrogant young gentleman. It is this quality which irritates Hamlet, who
+is otherwise in the whole of this scene in a particularly moralising and
+philosophic mood, and is by no means "splenetic and rash." Hamlet, a
+prince, is openly cursed by Laertes: he is even seized by him, and he
+still only remonstrates. There is anything but rant in what he (Hamlet)
+says; he uses the most homely phrases; so homely that there is something
+very like scorn in them:
+
+      ---- "What wilt thou _do_ for her?"
+
+is the quietude of contempt for Laertes' insulting rant; and so, if my
+memory deceive me not, the elder Kean gave it; "_Do_ for her" being put
+in contrast with Laertes' braggadocio _say_. Then come the
+possibilities:
+
+      "Woul't weep, fight, fast, tear thyself,"
+
+(All, be it noted, common lover's tricks),
+
+      "Would drink up eisell, eat a crocodile,
+      I'll do't."
+
+Now the eating a crocodile is the real difficulty, for that looks like
+an impossibility but then, no doubt, the crocodile, like all other
+monstrous things, was in the pharmacopœia of the time, and was
+considered the most revolting of eatables. Eat a crocodile, does not
+mean a whole raw one, but such as the alligator mentioned in the shop of
+Romeo's apothecary, probably preserved in spirits.
+
+Here we have possibilities put against the rant of Laertes; _the doing_
+against _the saying_; the quietude of the philosophic prince, against
+the ranting of the robustious Laertes; things that _could be done_,--for
+Hamlet ends with "I'll do it." That is, he will weep, fight, fast, tear
+himself, drink bitterness, and eat monstrosities: and this is his
+challenge of Laertes to the true testimony of his love, in contrast to
+his wordy lamentation. But his quick imagination has caught an impetus
+from its own motion, and he goes on, "Nay, I will even outprate you;"
+and then follows his superior rant, not uttered with sincere vehemence,
+but with quiet and philosophic scorn; and he ends with the reproof of
+Laertes' mouthing; a thing particularly distasteful to him. And now, in
+accordance with this dignified contempt is his final remonstrance and
+his exit speech of--
+
+      "I lov'd you ever; but it is no matter;
+      Let Hercules himself," &c.
+
+We thus see that there is no real rant in Hamlet; he is not outbragging
+Laertes; but institutes the possible, in contradiction to swagger and
+mouthing. The interpretation of _eisell_ thus becomes a matter of
+character, and to a great degree would determine an actor's mode of
+rendering the whole scene. This result I do not see that any of your
+correspondents have taken notice of; and yet it really is the main thing
+worth discussing.
+
+This interpretation too has the advantage of coinciding with
+Shakspeare's perpetual love of contrast; the hot, hasty, wordy Laertes
+being in strong contrast to the philosophic, meditating, and melancholy
+young prince; always true to his character, and ever the first in every
+scene by his own calm dignity. He never rants at all, but rides over his
+antagonist by his cool reasoning and his own magnificent imagination.
+The adoption of Theobald and Hickson's interpretation of the word
+_eisell_ becomes therefore of great importance as indicating the
+character of Hamlet.
+
+    F. G. T.
+
+Many of your readers no doubt feel much indebted to your correspondent
+for his able summary of the _eisell_ controversy; an example which it is
+to be hoped will be followed in other cases. It has induced me to
+collect a few passages for the purpose of showing that Shakspeare was
+accustomed to make use of what may be termed _localisms_, which were
+frequently as occult as in the instance of the _eisell_; and that he was
+especially fond of establishing himself with the children of his brain
+in the particular country by means of allusion to the neighbouring seas
+and rivers. What appropriate signs are the Centaur and the Phœnix  for
+the city of Ephesus, the scene of the _Comedy of Errors_! The Italian,
+Iachimo, speaks of--
+
+      "---- lips as common as the stairs
+      That mount the capitol."
+
+And Petruchio alludes to the bursting of "a chestnut in a farmer's
+fire," an incident probably of common occurrence in the sunny south. In
+_Hamlet_, with which we are chiefly concerned, the king "gulps his
+draughts of _Rhenish_ down;" and the grave-digger talks of a flagon of
+_Rhenish_ having been poured by the jester upon his head, the wine with
+which Denmark would naturally be supplied. His majesty inquires:
+
+      "Where are the _Switzers_? let them guard the door."
+
+And the student Horatio is judiciously placed at the university of
+Wittenburg. Constant mention is made in _The Merchant of Venice_ of the
+Rialto; and Portia, not unmindful of the remarkable position of the
+city, thus directs Balthazar:
+
+      "Bring them, I pray thee, with imagin'd speed
+      Unto the tranect, to the common ferry
+      Which trades to Venice."
+
+What a fine Hebraism (Hazlitt remarks) is that of Shylock, where he
+declares, that he would not have given his ring "for a whole wilderness
+of monkeys!" And so, if the subjoined passage in _Othello_ relates to
+the ceremony of the Doge's union with the sea, may we not exclaim "What
+an admirable Venetianism!"
+
+      "I would not my unhoused free condition
+      Put into circumscription and confine
+      For the sea's worth."
+
+The Moor has not travelled far to find the following simile:
+
+                "Like to the Pontick sea,
+      Whose icy current and compulsive course
+      Ne'er feels retiring ebb, but keeps due on
+      To the Propontick and the Hellespont."
+
+Petruchio asserts in respect to Catherine:
+
+              "---- Were she as rough
+      As are the swelling Adriatic waves,
+      I come to wive it wealthily in Padua."
+
+In the Roman plays the Tiber is repeatedly noticed. The Thames occurs in
+_Merry Wives of Windsor_, and others. And in the Egyptian scenes of
+_Antony and Cleopatra_, the Nile is several times introduced.
+
+  "Master Brook [says Falstaff], I will be thrown into Etna, as I
+  have been into Thames, ere I will leave her thus."
+
+Antony exclaims:
+
+      "Let Rome in Tiber melt!"
+
+while Cleopatra gives utterance to the same sentiment:
+
+      "Melt Egypt into Nile! And kindly creatures
+      Turn all to serpents!"
+
+In the last two passages it may be observed, that the hyperbolical
+treatment of the two rivers bears some analogy to that of the _eisell_;
+and it may also be pointed out, that although one of your correspondents
+has rashly maintained that the word cannot mean a river because the
+definite article is omitted before it, Thames, Tiber, and Nile here
+occur without. Upon the whole it must appear that there is some reason
+for adopting the motto:
+
+      "Flow on, thou shining river."
+
+    T.
+
+_Eisell_ will, I think, if examples from our old writers decide, be at
+least acknowledged to mean in Shakspeare what we now (improperly?) call
+vinegar, and not any river. In _The Goolden Letanye of the Lyf and
+Passion of our Lorde Jesu Criste_, edited from a MS. (No. 546.) in the
+library at Lambeth, by Mr. Maskell, _Monumenta Ritualia_, ii. 252.,
+comes this entreaty:--
+
+  "For thi thirste and tastyng of gall and _eysyl_, graunte us to
+  tast the swetnes of thi spirite; and have mercy on us."
+
+All through the sixteenth century, and ages before, _eisell_ was not
+only a housewife's word, but in every one's mouth--in the poet's as he
+sang, the preacher's as he preached, and the people's while they prayed.
+Surely, for this very reason, if Shakspeare meant Hamlet to rant about a
+river, the bard would never have made the king choose, before all
+others, that very one which bore the same name with the then commonest
+word in our tongue: a tiny stream, moreover, which, if hardly ever
+spoken of in these days of geographical knowledge, must have been much
+less known then to Englishmen.
+
+    DA. ROCK.
+
+  Buckland, Faringdon.
+
+Your correspondent J. S. W. well deserves the thanks of all those of
+your readers who have taken an interest in the discussion on the meaning
+of _eisell_ in _Hamlet_, for the able manner in which he has summed up
+the evidence put forward by the counsel on both sides. Perhaps he is
+correct in his conclusion, that, of twelve good men and true, nine would
+give their verdict for _eisell_ being "a river;" while but three would
+favour the "bitter potion." Nevertheless, I must say, I think the
+balance yet hangs pretty even, and I rather incline myself to the latter
+opinion, for these reasons:
+
+1. There is no objection whatever, even in the judgment of its enemies,
+against _eisell_ meaning "a bitter potion," except that they _prefer_
+the river as more to their taste; for the objection of MR. CAUSTON I
+conceive to have no weight at all, that "to drink up" can only be
+applied "to a definite quantity;" surely it may also mean, and very
+naturally, to drink "without stint." And _eisell_ need not be taken as
+meaning nothing more than "vinegar;" it may be a potion or medicament of
+extreme bitterness, as in the 111th sonnet, and in Lydgate's _Troy Boke_
+quoted by MR. SINGER, such, that while it would be possible to sip or
+drink it in small quantities, or diluted, yet to swallow a quantity at a
+draught would be almost beyond endurance; and hence, I submit, the
+appropriateness of "drink up."
+
+2. There is this objection against _eisell_ meaning a river,--Would the
+poet who took a world-wide illustration from _Ossa_, refer in the same
+passage to an obscure local river for another illustration? Moreover it
+does not appear to be sufficient to find any mere river, whose name
+resembles the word in question, without showing also that there is a
+propriety in Hamlet's alluding, to that particular river, either on
+account of its volume of water, its rapid flow, &c., or from its being
+in sight at the time he spoke, or near at hand.
+
+Can any of your readers, who have Shakspeare more at their fingers' ends
+than myself, instance any _exact parallel_ of this allusion of his to
+_local_ scenery, which, being necessarily obscure, must more or less mar
+the universality, if I may so speak, of his dramas. Could such instances
+be pointed out (which I do not deny) or at least any one exactly
+parallel instance, it would go far towards reconciling myself at least
+to the notion that _eisell_ is the river Essel.
+
+    H. C. K.
+
+  ---- Rectory, Hereford, July 28.
+
+
+LORD MAYOR NOT A PRIVY COUNCILLOR.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 9. 137.)
+
+I will not attempt to follow all the statements of L. M., because some
+of them are totally beside the question, and others contradict each
+other. I shall only observe that he totally mistakes _my_ argument when
+he says, as if in reply to me, that _it is not necessary to have the
+courtesy title of lord to be a privy councillor_. No one ever said any
+such thing. What I said was this, that the Mayor of London, like those
+of Dublin and York, had the courtesy title of _lord_, and that this
+title of _lord_ brought with it the other courtesy designation of _right
+honorable_, which latter being _also_ (but not _likewise_) the
+designation of privy councillors, had, as I suppose, occasioned the
+error now predicated of the Mayor of London being a privy councillor,
+which, I repeat, he is no more than any Lord John or Lady Jane, who have
+also the title of Right Honorable.
+
+L. M., however, states as a matter of fact, that "the Lord Mayor is
+always _summoned to council_ on the accession of a new sovereign." Now I
+assert, and I think have proved in my former note, that the Lord Mayor
+never was so _summoned to council_. I now add that he never has on any
+occasion entered the _council chamber_, that he has never taken the oath
+nor performed any act of a privy councillor, and that in short there is
+not the smallest doubt with any one who knows anything about the Privy
+Council, that the _Lord Mayor of London_ no more belongs to it than the
+_Lord Mayors of York or Dublin_, or the _Lord Provost of Edinburgh_, all
+of whom are equally styled Right Honorable, which title, I repeat, is
+the sole and silly pretence of this new-fangled hypothesis.
+
+    C.
+
+
+"HOUSE OF YVERY."
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 101. 136.)
+
+Observing the imperfect knowledge which Lowndes and your correspondents
+apparently have of the work called Anderson's _House of Yvery_, I send
+you a few Notes to clear up some points.
+
+It may be said there were two editions of this work; one containing the
+censorious comments of (I presume) Lord Egmont on the degraded state of
+the peerage; the second, that in which those comments were cancelled. To
+the first, no printer's name appeared in the title-page; to the second
+is the name of "H. Woodfall, jun."
+
+Lowndes has entirely mistaken the origin of the different paging in vol.
+i. The fact is, the original edition of the Introduction contained 41
+pages of text, but the cancels reduced that number to 37; which p. 37.,
+as Lowndes correctly remarks, is in the second edition misprinted 29. I
+possess both copies, with and without the cancels. By Lowndes we are led
+to believe that only p. xxxvii. was destroyed; but in truth they are p.
+xvi., and parts of pp. xv. and xvii., and nearly the whole of pp.
+xxxv.-vi., containing the anecdotes of the tailor's son and the
+apothecary's brother-in-law being sent, or intended to be sent, to
+foreign courts, as ambassadors from England. Another cancel occurs in
+vol. ii., of nearly the whole of pp. 444-5-6, which occasions Lowndes to
+say that pp. 446-7 are missing. The duplicate pages 453 to 460 are
+peculiar to the second edition only. One of my copies contains two
+additional plates, one of Wardour Castle, the other of Acton Burnell,
+evidently engraved for the work. The map of the baronies of Duhallow,
+&c., is only in one copy, viz. the original edition. Unfortunately, this
+original edition wants all the portraits of Faber, but it has the tomb
+of Richard Percival of 1190, beginning "Orate," as in Lowndes. It
+contains also a duplicate portrait of Sir Philip Percival, engraved by
+Toms in 1738 (who also engraved the Wardour and Acton Burnell Castles);
+and this duplicate is also in the other copy.
+
+Were I to form any judgment when this work was commenced, I should say
+about 1738, and that all the engravings for it were done by Toms; and
+the first edition was printed in 1742, without any printer's name, and
+that some copies were so bound up. The other copies remained in sheets
+until the next year, when Faber was employed to engrave the portraits,
+and till 1744 or 1747; 1747 being the latest date of Faber's plates.
+There is some curious information in these volumes, and I would
+recommend your readers to observe how much the conduct of the Catholics
+of Ireland, recorded in vol. ii. p. 271., resembles that of the
+Catholics of the present day.
+
+    P.
+
+
+ON "RACK" IN THE TEMPEST.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 37. 121.)
+
+I think A. E. B. has not understood MR. HICKSON'S argument in reference
+to this word. Perhaps the latter may not have expressed himself very
+clearly; and not having by me his original paper on the subject, I
+cannot cite his exact words; but his argument I take to be to this
+effect:--In construction of the passage there is a double comparison,
+which, though perfectly clear to the intelligent reader, causes some
+confusion when a doubt is first raised as to the meaning of the word,
+and which can be cleared up only by a thorough analysis. "The
+cloud-capp'd towers," &c., are first compared with "the baseless fabric
+of this vision," _like which_ they "shall dissolve," and afterwards with
+"this insubstantial pageant," _like which_ (_having "faded"_) they shall
+"leave not a rack behind." A given object can be said to "leave behind"
+only that which was originally of its elements, and for this reason only
+a general term such as _wreck_ or _vestige_ will accord with the
+construction of the passage.
+
+I am sorry to find that any one should misquote Shakspeare for the
+purpose of obtaining a temporary triumph: probably, however, in the
+instance I am about to cite, A. E. B. has really fallen into the common
+error of regarding two similes as one. He says, giving the substance of
+Shakspeare's passage, "the globe itself shall dissolve, and, like this
+vision, leave not a wreck behind." What Shakspeare in substance _does_
+say is, "The globe itself, _like this vision_, shall dissolve, and,
+_like this faded pageant, shall_ leave not a rack behind." A. E. B.'s
+question, therefore, "in what was the resemblance to the vision to
+consist, if not in melting, like it, into thin air?" is thus answered:
+The resemblance _does_ consist in _dissolving_, or "melting" away.
+
+My object in making these remarks is not to express an opinion on one
+side or the other, but to draw the attention of your readers to the real
+question at issue. I therefore say nothing as to whether Shakspeare may
+or may not have had a prevision of the nebular theory; though I cannot
+see that this would be in the least affected by our decision as to the
+meaning of this word, since the _wrack_ or _wreck_ of the world might
+well be represented by the "vapour" for which A. E. B. contends. As,
+however, this gentleman says such is its meaning "beyond all doubt," (a
+rather dogmatic way of settling the question, by the way, seeing that a
+doubt had been thrown upon it in the very paper he has engaged himself
+to answer,) I should like to be informed if there is any authority for
+the use of the word in Shakspeare, or his cotemporaries, as _mere_
+"haze" or "vapour." I have generally understood it to mean a
+_particular_ description of cloud, or, as some say, more properly, the
+course of the clouds in motion.
+
+In fine, as Prospero did undoubtedly point to the dissolution of the
+globe and all that it contained, it is quite clear that it could in such
+case leave neither "cloud" nor "vapour," nor anything else behind it.
+The simple question then remains: Is the word _rack_, as elsewhere used
+by Shakspeare and his contemporaries, logically applicable there?
+
+    A LOOKER-ON.
+
+  Dawlish, Aug. 16. 1851.
+
+_Wolken Zug, English Term corresponding to._--Coleridge (_Death of
+Wallenstein_, Act V. Sc. 1.) gives the lines--
+
+      "Fast fly the clouds, the sickle of the moon
+      Struggling, darts snatches of uncertain light."
+
+as a translation of
+
+                  "---- schnell geht
+      Der Wolken Zug: die Mondessichel wankt
+      Und durch die Nacht zuckt ungewisse Helle."
+
+In a note on this passage he says:
+
+  "The words _wanken_ and _schweben_ are not easily translated. The
+  English words by which we attempt to render them are either vulgar
+  or pedantic, or not of sufficiently general application. So 'der
+  Wolken Zug,' the draft, the procession of clouds, the masses of
+  the clouds sweep onward in swift _stream_."
+
+On reading this, it struck me that the English word _rack_ exactly
+expresses the meaning of "der Wolken Zug."
+
+Malone, in his note on the _Tempest_, Act IV. Sc. 1., says:
+
+  "_Rack_ is generally used for a _body of clouds_, or rather for
+  _the course of clouds in motion_."
+
+I add a few instances of the use of this word, many of which are
+collected in the note I have referred to.
+
+In _Antony and Cleopatra_--
+
+      "That which is now a horse, even with a thought
+      The _rack_ dislimns."
+
+In Fletcher's _Faithful Shepherdess_--
+
+            "shall I stray
+      In the middle air, and stay
+      The sailing _rack_."
+
+In Dryden's tenth _Æneid_--
+
+        "the doubtful _rack_ of heaven
+      Stands without motion."
+
+The term _scud_, used by sailors, seems to express the same idea.
+
+    X. Z.
+
+
+RICHARD ROLLE OF HAMPOLE.
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 49. 116.)
+
+The productions of the writer known by the name of the Hermit of Hampole
+have been hitherto much neglected: they afford copious illustrations of
+ancient manners, and are very valuable in a philological point of view.
+I would especially name the _Speculum Vitæ, or Mirrour of Life_, of
+which I possess two MSS. in entirely distinct dialects.
+
+Your Cambridge correspondent has shown that the Metrical Sermons contain
+interesting passages also illustrative of manners and as the extracts he
+has made have given occasion to some glossarial Queries from an Oxford
+correspondent, J. E., should they not be more satisfactorily answered by
+C. H., to whom they are addressed, perhaps the following attempt to
+resolve them may not be unacceptable.
+
+1. By the _devenisch_ most probably the _Danish_ is meant, which we find
+elsewhere written _Deniske_, _Daniske_, and _Danske_.
+
+2. _Guystroun_ should be _quystroun_, which is used by Chaucer in the
+_Romaunt of the Rose_, and signifies a _scullion_, as is evident from
+this passage. It is from the O. Fr. _quistron_ or _cuistron_. Thus in K.
+Alisaunder (Weber's _Metr. Rom._), v. 2511.:
+
+      "Ther n'as knave no _quistron_
+      That he no hadde gôd waryson."
+
+3. By _Chaunsemlees_ we may probably understand _schoon-semeles_,
+signifying, no doubt, _sandals_.
+
+4. "Hir chere was ay _semand_ sori," which your correspondent says is
+"an expression very strange to English verse," is nothing more than the
+old form of _seeming_: her cheer was ever sorrowful or _sad-seeming_.
+The termination _and_ or _ande_, as well as _inde_, was formerly used
+where we now have _ing_. Examples are numerous of this form; as _semand_
+and _semynd_, _spekand_, _strikinde_, &c. &c.
+
+In Gawin Douglas, _Eneados_, we have _glaidsembland_ for an appearance
+of joy or gladness, a _cheerful countenance_; and in b. ii. v. 159.:
+
+      "As that drery unarmyt wicht was sted
+      And with _eine_[8] blent about _semyn ful red_."
+
+  [Footnote 8: Your correspondent's extract has _ane_; but _eyes_
+  are evidently meant.]
+
+There are other words which appear in an uncommon form in these
+extracts, for instance, _telid_ and _telith_, _hirched_ and _hirching_;
+and the following plural form I do not recollect to have observed
+elsewhere:
+
+      "For ser deyntes and many _mes_
+      Make men falle in many _sicknes_."
+
+In the last line of the first page, _Salhanas_ should be _Sathanas_:
+
+      "And so slew Jesu Sathanas,"
+
+reminding us of the tradition mentioned by DR. RIMBAULT, "the Devil died
+when Christ _suffered_," not when he was _born_.
+
+      S. W. Singer.
+
+      Mickleham, Aug. 18. 1851.
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Lady Flora Hastings' Bequest_ (Vol. iii., pp. 443. 522.; Vol. iv., pp.
+44. 92. 108.).--ERZA regrets extremely the mistake she has made with
+regard to the above poem. The person from whom, and the circumstances
+under which she received it, all tended to confirm her in her error till
+the last moment--with which, if the authoress of this beautiful poem
+were acquainted, ERZA is sure she would be forgiven.
+
+  [To these regrets on the part of ERZA we have to add the
+  expression of our own that our columns should have been made the
+  medium of a statement which it is obvious originated in error. We
+  regret also that, after the contradictions given to the first
+  statement, ERZA should, without a positive knowledge of the real
+  facts of the case, have reiterated in such strong terms the claims
+  of Lady Flora Hastings to the authorship of a poem which it is now
+  quite clear is really the production of Miss Barber.]
+
+"_The Right Divine of Kings to govern wrong_" (Vol. iv., p. 125).--I
+cannot concur in MR. CROSSLEY'S conjecture that the _marks of quotation_
+affixed to this line in the eighteenth book of the _Dunciad_ may have
+been a mere _error of the press_; because, in the first place, I do not
+find that the _Dunciad_ is more negligently printed than other works of
+the day. I should say rather less so; but (which is more important) any
+one who will look at the successive editions will, I think, be satisfied
+that the _remarkable typography_ of the line, carefully reproduced in
+_all_, could not be accidental. This matter is less trifling than it at
+first sight may seem, because there are several lines in Pope's works
+similarly marked as quotations, on which questions have arisen; and my
+belief is that everything so marked will turn out to have really been a
+_quotation_, though in this case, and in that other,
+
+      "No Lord's anointed but a Russian bear,"
+
+we have, as yet, failed to find the original.
+
+    C.
+
+_Fairlight Church_ (Vol. iv., p. 57.).--The old church was Early
+English; the original windows were lancet-shaped. It was built, like all
+the adjoining churches, of stone; but it had been repaired with brick,
+and the roof of the tower had been covered with tiles instead of
+shingles. The earliest brick building in Sussex, after the Roman period,
+is Herstmonceux Castle, built by Sir Roger de Fynes, treasurer of the
+household to Henry VI.
+
+    W. D. COOPER
+
+_Dogmatism and Puppyism_ (Vol. iv, p. 102).--The quotation your
+correspondent writes about to be found in MR. DOUGLAS JERROLD'S _A Man
+Made of Money_, p. 252.:
+
+  "'Robert, my dear,' said Jenny, with the deferential air of a
+  scholar, 'Robert, what did Mr. Carraways mean when he said he
+  hated dog--dogmatism?' Topps was puzzled. 'Robert, my dear,' Jenny
+  urged, 'what--what in the world is dogmatism?' Now it was the
+  weakness of Topps, never to confess ignorance of anything soever
+  to his wife. 'A man should never do it,' Topps had been known in
+  convivial seasons to declare; 'it makes 'em conceited.' Whereupon
+  Topps prepared himself, as was his wont, to make solemn,
+  satisfying, answer. Taking off his hat, and smoothing the wrinkles
+  of his brow, Topps said, 'Humph! what is dogmatism? Why, it is
+  this, of course: dogmatism is puppyism come to its full growth.'"
+
+    ED. STEANE JACKSON.
+
+  Saffron Walden, Aug. 10.
+
+_Was Stella Swift's Sister?_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.; Vol. iv., p.
+110.).--That Swift was the son of Sir William Temple seems to have been
+completely disproved by Mason. Swift was born in Dublin, 30th November,
+1667, in the house of his uncle Godwin Swift, who, after the death of
+his younger brother, Jonathan, in the preceding April, took charge of
+his widow. Sir William Temple appears from his letters to have been
+abroad in a public capacity from 1665 to 1670. If therefore, there
+existed such consanguinity between Swift and Stella as to be a bar to
+their marriage, it must have arisen in some other way. Swift says that
+Stella "was born at Richmond in Surrey, on 13th March, 1681; her father
+being the younger brother of a good family in Nottinghamshire [Qy. Sir
+Wm. Temple? Sheen, where he resided, was close by], her mother of a
+lower degree." There can be little doubt that she was illegitimate. The
+question arises, who was her mother? On this point the Richmond registry
+might perhaps throw some light. _Has it ever been searched?_ In order
+that the supposed consanguinity should have existed, her mother must
+have been either Swift's mother, Abigail Swift (_née_ Erick) of
+Leicestershire, or (what seems more probable) an illegitimate
+half-sister of Swift. It has been surmised, however, that an impediment
+to Swift's marriage of an entirely different nature from consanguinity
+may have existed; or that, feeling himself to be labouring under an
+hereditary disease, he may have been unwilling to propagate it. I am
+much inclined to think that the objection to the marriage of Swift and
+Stella, which certainly must have existed, was of this last description;
+and that it would have been equally strong the case of any other
+female. However this may be, I believe that full credit may be given to
+what Swift has stated respecting the perfect purity of his intercourse
+with Stella.
+
+  "I knew her from six years old, and had some share in her
+  education, by directing what books she should read, and
+  perpetually instructing her in the principles of honour and
+  virtue, from which she never swerved in any one action or moment
+  of her life."--Swift's _Works_, vol ix. p. 489. (_citante_ Mason).
+
+    E. H. D. D.
+
+_Charles Lamb's Epitaph_ (Vol. iii., pp. 322. 459.).--It has been
+suggested to me by a lady who was an intimate friend of Lamb's, that Mr.
+Justice Talfourd was the author of this epitaph. The observation,
+however, was made without, I believe, any _certain_ knowledge on the
+subject.
+
+    COWGILL.
+
+_Meaning of Carnaby_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.).--ARUN inquires as to the
+meaning of Carnaby as the name of a street. Carnaby is a surname
+probably deriving from the parish of Carnaby in Yorkshire. It has become
+a Christian name in the family of ---- Haggerston, Bart., since the
+marriage of an heiress of Carnaby's into that family.
+
+Streets are often called after proper names.
+
+    †
+
+_Scandinavian Mythology_ (Vol. ii, p. 141.).--Your correspondent T. J.
+has called attention to the tradition-falsifying assertion of Mr. G.
+Pigott, that the custom with which the Scandinavians were long
+reproached, of drinking out of the skulls of their enemies, has no other
+foundation than a blunder of Olaus Wormius in translating a passage in
+the death-song of Regner Lodbrog.
+
+The following extracts from the curious and learned work of Bartholinus,
+_De Causis Contemptæ a Danis Adhuc Gentilibus Mortis_, will, I think,
+show that the subject deserves further inquiry before we consent to
+place this ancient historical tradition in the category of vulgar
+errors. Speaking of the banquets of the beatified heroes in Valhalla,
+Bartholinus says:
+
+  "Neque tamen ex communi animalium cornu elaborata pocula in
+  Valhalla viserentur; sacratiora desiderabantur ex cæsorum craniis
+  inimicorum confecta, quæ apud Danos vel ex Daniâ oriundos, alias
+  quoque gentes, in summo erant pretio."--Lib. ii. cap. xii. p. 555.
+
+In proof of this assertion he quotes the following authors; Herodotus
+(lib. iv. cap. 65.) and Plato (Euthydemus), who attribute this custom to
+the Scythians. Aristotle is supposed to allude to it, _De Repub._ lib.
+vii. cap. 2. In the _Historia Miscellanea_, lib. vi., it is mentioned as
+a custom of the Scordisci; and similar customs are recorded of the
+Panebi by Nicolaus Damascenus, of the Essedones by Solinus and Mela, of
+the Boii by Livy (lib iii. cap. 24.), of the Celts by Silius Italicus
+(lib. ii.), of the Langobards by Paulus Diaconus (lib. i. cap. 27.). The
+last-mentioned author informs us that these skull cups were alled
+"scalæ;" upon which Bartholinus remarks--
+
+  "Unde genus, undeque morem ejusmodi conficiendarum paterarum unde
+  etiam nomen _scalæ_ iis inditum, ex septentrione nempe traxerunt
+  Langobardi manifestum facient Vaulundar qvidu.
+
+      "Enn pœr skalar
+            &c. &c.
+            h. e.
+      Crania autem illa
+      Quæ pericraniis suberant
+      Argento obduxit et
+      Nidado tradidit."
+
+    W. B. R.
+
+_Scandal against Queen Elizabeth_ (Vol. iii., pp. 225. 285. 393.).--I do
+not recollect that either of your correspondents on this subject has
+brought forward the aspersion upon Queen Elizabeth's fair fame in
+precisely the same form in which the Jesuit Sanders places it in the
+following passage:--
+
+  "Hâc Ecclesiæ contra ipsam sententiâ, et Catholicorum novis
+  incrementis quotidianis, non mediocriter offensa Elizabetha,
+  convocatis ordinibus, leges valde iracundas et cruentas contra
+  veteris fidei cultores promulgat: quibus primum cavetur, _ne quis
+  Elizabetham hæreticam, schismaticam, infidelem, usurpatricemve,
+  sub pœnâ capitis vocet_. Item. _Ne quis aliam quamcunque certam
+  personam nominet, cui regnum vel in vitâ, vel post mortem ipsius,
+  deberi dicatur, exceptâ Elizabethæ naturali prole._ Ea enim sunt
+  ipsa decreti verba. In eam enim homines vel adulationem vel
+  necessitatem ita perduxit hæresis, ut quod illud nobilissimum
+  regnum illegitimæ illius regis sui proli ægre unquam concessit,
+  nunc _naturali_, id est, _spuriæ_, soboli reginæ in cujus sexu
+  fornicationis peccatum est fœdius, non denegarint: pariter et
+  reipublicæ, ex proximi successoris ignoratione, extremum
+  periculum, et Elizabethæ incontinentiam prodentes."--Nicolai
+  Sanderi _Hist. Schism. Angl._ lib. iii. § Novæ leges latæ in
+  Catholicos, ann. 1571, ed. 8vo. Col. Agr. 1628, p. 299.
+
+To some of your readers this passage may seem to indicate that the use
+of the equivocal word _naturali_ may have given colour, not to say
+occasion, to the whole scandal against Queen Elizabeth. By many, I
+apprehend, it will be acknowledged that _spuriæ_ is not the only, if an
+allowable, interpretation.
+
+    J. SANSOM.
+
+  Oxford, July 22. 1851.
+
+_Meaning of "Deal"_ (Vol. iv., p. 88.).--I think the following may help
+to throw a little light upon the use of the word _deal_ as meaning
+_divide_. I was in Wensleydale about a month ago; and on inquiring where
+the boundary between the North and West Ridings of Yorkshire ran, was
+told, "On the top of Penhill, where God's water deals" (_i. e._ the rain
+divides). I may further add, on my own knowledge, that in the north-west
+corner of Suffolk, where the country is almost entirely open, the
+boundaries of the different parishes are marked by earthen mounds, from
+three to six feet high, which are known in the neighbourhood as _dools_
+the word being probably derived from the same root. I have been told,
+however, that it should be spelled _duals_, and that the derivation of
+it was from the Latin _duo_ as marking two parishes; but I am sure that
+it is always pronounced by the country-people at a monosyllable, and
+therefore the chances are in favour of the former derivation being the
+right one.
+
+_A propos_ to Suffolk, another of your correspondents (Vol. iv., p. 55)
+lately mentioned the fashion the people there have of leaving out the
+_ve_ in the middle of the names of places. In this I can bear him
+witness also; but I do not think it is confined to those letters only:
+_e. g._ Eriswell, pronounced _Asel_; Wymondham (in Norfolk) _Wyndham_,
+&c. Among those names of places in which the _ve_ is left out, your
+correspondent has omitted Elved_e_n (commonly, though erroneously,
+Elved_o_n), which is always called and often spelled _Elden_.
+
+    A. N.
+
+_"The Worm in the Bud," &c._ (Vol. iv., p. 86.).--This quotation is from
+Cowper's lines appended to the Bill of Mortality for the parish of All
+Saints, Northampton, for 1787:
+
+      "Read, ye that run, the awful truth
+        With which I charge my page;
+      A worm is in the bud of youth,
+        And at the root of age."
+
+I know not with whom the idea originated. The imagery is frequently used
+by Shakspeare, but with him never indicates disease or death.
+
+I can call to mind no similar expression in the classics.
+
+    H. E. H.
+
+_Moore's Almanack_ (Vol. iv., p. 74.).--Your correspondent FRANCIS is in
+error as to the MSS. and correspondence of Henry Andrews being in the
+possession of his son, Mr. Wm. Henry Andrews. Mr. W. H. Andrews some
+time ago sold to me the whole of his father's MSS. correspondence,
+astronomical and astrological calculations, with a mass of very curious
+letters from persons desirous of having their "nativities cast." I have
+also some copies of Andrews' portrait, one of which shall be much at
+your service.
+
+Moore's _Almanack_ was known by that name long before Andrews had any
+connection with it, but he was for upwards of forty years its compiler
+for the Company of Stationers, whose liberal (?) treatment of Andrews
+may be collected from the following postscript to a letter addressed to
+me by his son:--
+
+  "My father's calculations, &c., for Moore's _Almanack_, continued
+  during a period of forty-three years; and although through his
+  great talent and management he increased the sale of that work
+  from 100,000 to 500,000, yet, strange to say, all he received for
+  his services was 25_l._ per ann.!! Yet I never heard him murmur
+  even once about it; such was his delight in pursuing his favourite
+  studies, that his anxiety about remuneration was out of the
+  question. Sir Richard Phillips, who at times visited him at
+  Royston, once met him in London, and endeavoured to persuade him
+  to go with him to Stationers' Hall, and he would get him 100_l._;
+  but he declined going, saying that he was satisfied."
+
+Andrews was also computer to the Board of Longitude, and Maskelyne's
+_Letters_ evidence the value and correctness of his calculations.
+
+The only materials left by Andrews for a memoir of his life I believe I
+possess, and some day I may find leisure to put them into order for
+publication.
+
+    ROBT. COLE.
+
+_Scurvy Ale._--The Query (Vol. iv., p. 68.) "What was scurvy ale?" may
+perhaps be answered by an extract from a little work, _The Polar Sea and
+Regions_, published by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh. In the account of
+Baffin's voyage, in which he discovered the bay called after him
+Baffin's Bay, we are told that--
+
+  "Finding the health of his crew rather declining, he sailed across
+  to Greenland, where an abundance of _scurvy grass boiled in beer_
+  quickly restored them; and the Lord then sent them a speedy and
+  good passage homeward."
+
+Johnson explains scurvy-grass as spoonwort.
+
+    W. FRASER.
+
+_Siege of Londonderry_ (Vol. iv., p. 87.).--Will you have the goodness
+to inform your correspondent that I have a pamphlet, printed soon after
+the famous siege was over, giving a particular account of it, though it
+altogether omits mentioning the name of an ancestor of mine who
+distinguished himself in the relief of that place. I shall be happy to
+afford E. A. any information or assistance he may require.
+
+    B. G.
+
+_Salting the Bodies of the Dead_ (Vol. iv., p. 6.), about which MR.
+MCCABE asks, is a very old custom in England. Matt. Paris, in his
+description of Abbot William's funeral at St. Albans, A.D. 1235, tells
+us how--
+
+  "Corpus apertum est. &c. Et quicquid in corpore repertum est, in
+  quadam cuna repositum est, sale conspersum. Et in cœmiterio, est
+  humatum. Corpus autem interius, aceto lotum et imbutum et multo
+  sale respersum et resutum. Et hoc sic factum est circumspecte et
+  prudenter, ne corpus per triduum et amplius reservandum, tetrum
+  aliquem odorem olfacientibus generaret et corpus tumulandum,
+  contrectantibus aliquod offendiculum praesentaret."--_Vitæ S.
+  Albani Abbatum_, p. 87. ed. Wats, Paris, 1644.
+
+    DA. ROCK.
+
+  Buckland, July 24. 1851.
+
+In the 86th and two following sections of the Second Book of Herodotus
+is the description of the ancient Egyptian methods of preserving the
+bodies of the dead. These were more or less embalmed with aromatic
+spices, according to the condition of the person, and then corned with
+saltpetre (λιτρον, _nitre_) for seventy days; strictly,
+_salted_. Is it possible that the early Christians, in adopting this
+practice, may have been influenced by that very obscure passage, Mark
+ix. 49.: "Every one shall be _salted_ with fire?"
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+The custom of placing a plate of salt on the body of the dead is very
+general in Wales. I remember, when a child, inquiring the reason of the
+practice, and being told by an old woman that it was to prevent the body
+from swelling. My remark, that _any_ weight might answer the same
+purpose, was met by the reply; "there's no weight so heavy as salt gets
+when it is on the dead." This proves that some feeling of superstition
+mingles with the custom. Has not the use of salt in baptism, amongst the
+Italians &c., come allusion to the banishment of the evil spirit?
+
+    SELEUCUS.
+
+_The Word "Repudiate"_ (Vol. iv., p. 54.).--That the use of the word
+_repudiate_, in the sense of refuse, repel, reject, abandon, disown,
+cast off, is by no means modern; and that such phrases as "I repudiate
+the idea," "I repudiate the sentiment," "I repudiate the proposal," are
+strictly correct, is evident from the use of the word by "standard
+classical authors" in the original language from which it has come down
+to us. Sallust, for instance, in his _History of Catiline's Conspiracy_,
+says that Lentulus advised him to seek assistance everywhere, even
+amongst the dregs of the populace; asking him at the same time, "Why,
+since the senate had already adjudged him to be an enemy to the
+republic, he should _repudiate the slaves_?" i. e., refuse to enrol them
+in his levies.
+
+  "Cum ab senatu hostis judicatus sit, quo consilio _servitia
+  repudiet_?"--_Sall. Cat._ 44.
+
+Cicero, in his Offices, in opposition to the opinion of the peripatetic
+school, that anger is implanted in us by nature for useful ends, lays it
+down as a principle, that "on all occasions _anger ought to be
+repudiated_;" that is, "cast out of the mind," and says that "it is to
+be wished that persons who are at the head of the state should be like
+the laws, which inflict punishment not in anger but in justice."
+
+  "_Illa_ (iracundia) vero omnibus in rebus _repudianda
+  est_."--_Cic. de Off._ I. xxv. 13.
+
+Cicero knew nothing of the Christian grace of "being angry and sinning,
+not;" he knew nothing of the severity of love. In another place he tells
+us that on one occasion Themistocles declared in the Athenian assembly,
+that he had a plan to propose which would be of great advantage to the
+state, but ought not to be made public. He was willing, however, to
+communicate it to any one person whom they might select. Aristides,
+rightly named the Just, being the person selected, Themistocles
+disclosed his plan to him: which was, secretly to set fire to the
+Lacedæmonian fleet in the dockyard of Gytheum, by which means they would
+effectually crush the power of the Lacedæmonians. Aristides returned to
+the assembly, and at once declared that Themistocles' plan was certainly
+very advantageous, but by no means honourable; whereupon the Athenians,
+rightly considering that what was not attended with honour, could not be
+attended even with advantage in reality, without hearing another word,
+"_repudiated the whole affair_;" that is, utterly rejected the proposal.
+
+  "Itaque Athenienses, quod honestum non esset, id ne utile quidem
+  putaverunt; _totamque eam rem_, quam ne audierant quidem, auctore
+  Aristide, _repudiaverunt_."--_Cic. de Off._ III. xi. 12.
+
+In a third place, he relates that some persons forged a will of one
+Minucius Basilus, who had died in Greece; and, in order that they might
+the more easily obtain their end, put down Marcus Crassus and Quintus
+Hortensius, two of the most influential men in Rome at that time, as
+co-legatees with themselves, who although they suspected the will to be
+forged, yet did not _repudiate the little legacy_ coming to them through
+other persons' fraud, because forsooth they were not privy to the actual
+commission of the forgery.
+
+  "Qui cum illud falsum esse suspicarentur, sibi autem nullius
+  essent conscii culpæ, alieni facinoris _munusculum non
+  repudiaverunt_."--_Cic. de Off._ III. xviii. 4.
+
+A little further research might easily multiply instances, but I think
+these are quite sufficient to prove that we moderns are but following
+the ancients in using the word _repudiate_ without reference to any
+_obligation_ expressed or implied.
+
+    F. F. F.
+
+_Repudiate, Ringlet, Outburst_ (Vol. iv., p. 54.).--Your correspondent
+H. C. K. has dealt, I fear, somewhat too harshly with "repudiate."
+Surely "repudiare" is "to reject what one is ashamed of, scorns, or
+disdains." Two instances immediately suggest themselves in _Cicer. pro
+Plancio_, 18 (44). 20 (50). In the former--
+
+  "Respuerent aures, nemo agnosceret, repudiarent,"
+
+perhaps the word is a gloss upon "respuerunt." The latter, however, is
+unexceptionable:
+
+  "Nunquam enim fere nobilitas, integra præsertim atque innocens, a
+  Populo Romano supplex repudiata fuit."
+
+Why then should "repudiate" necessarily imply the notion of
+"obligation?" and why should I, if I "repudiate" the criticism of H. C.
+K., be held to "talk nonsense?"
+
+May I be allowed room for a couple of Queries? 1. Is our modern usage of
+"ringlet" found before the time of Milton? 2. What is the earliest
+authority for "outburst?"
+
+    CHARLES THIRIOLD.
+
+  Cambridge, July 29. 1851.
+
+_On the Letter "v"_ (Vol. iv., p. 55.).--I have read with pleasure the
+paragraphs in your "NOTES AND QUERIES" on "the letter _v_," and beg
+space for a further notice, with an especial reference to the patronymic
+of _Ray_ or _Wray_. One family uses the motto, "Juste et _V_rai," whose
+name is _Wray_; and another the same motto, whose name is _Ray_. And it
+will be remembered that John Ray, the naturalist, changed the
+orthography of his name from _Wray_ to _Ray_, as he concluded it had
+been formerly written; and in one of the letters published by the Ray
+Society[9], allusion is made to the adjective or substantive _vrai_, as
+if that distinguished philosopher and divine had either derived his name
+thence, or it had the same signification as that French word. Are we
+then to take this as an instance of the silent _v_ or _double u_ or _v_;
+and as any proof that families writing their names _Wray_ and _Ray_ were
+originally of one patronymic and one common root, and that presumptively
+Norman?
+
+  [Footnote 9: Vide the _Correspondence of John Ray_. Edited by
+  Edwin Lankester, M.D. London, 1848, pp. 65, 66.]
+
+Under a separate heading, perhaps you will also indulge me with a Query
+as to the coat of arms, under the portrait by Bathon, 1760, after W.
+Hibbart, of Joannes Rajus, A.M., prefixed to Dr. Derham's _Life of John
+Ray_, published by George Scott, M.A. and F.R.S.: London, 1760. The
+shield is, gules, on a fesse, between three crescents, three cross
+crosslets. Is it inferable that that coat was ever borne by patent or
+admissible prescriptive right, by any of his ancestors? Several families
+in the north of England, whence his father came, also have registered in
+respectable armories crescents against their names. The poor origin of
+John Ray is obviated, in some degree, by what is said in a Life of him,
+published in _The Portrait Gallery of British Worthies_, by Charles
+Knight. I suppose he himself used the armorials in question, and was
+related to the family of nearly the same name, bearing crescents, viz.
+Reay.
+
+The glasses of some of your correspondents may assist one more
+shortsighted than themselves.
+
+    H. W. G. R., Presbyter,
+
+  and Member of the Ray Society.
+
+  1. Mead Place, Derby, Aug. 2. 1851.
+
+I beg leave to correct a remark of W. S. W***. as to _Tiverton_, Devon,
+which was never pronounced _Terton_; it is Twiverton, near Bath, which
+is pronounced _Twerton_.
+
+    S. S.
+
+_"Whig" and "Tory"_ (Vol. iv., p. 57.).--The name "Whig" is derived from
+the Celtic _ugham_, a sort of large saddle, with bags attached to it, in
+use among the freebooters of the borders of Scotland: hence those
+robbers were known to the Highlanders by the name of _Whiggam-more_, or
+"big-saddle thieves;" and when the Civil War broke out, the Highlanders
+and Irish, who supported the king, called themselves _a taobh Righ_, _i.
+e._ "the king's party," and gave the name of _Whiggamore thieves_ to
+their opponents. _Whiggammore_ and _taobh Righ_ soon became shortened to
+_Whig_ and _Tory_, and in aftertimes served to distinguish the
+supporters of the rival houses of Hanover and Stuart. The modern
+signification of the terms is different, _Whig_ being taken to mean
+"liberal," and _Tory_ "exclusive."
+
+    FRAS. CROSSLEY.
+
+_Planets of the Months_ (Vol. iv., p. 23.).--I do not understand this
+Query. What is meant by "planets for the months?" There are twelve
+months, and in common parlance only seven planets. Nor do I see what is
+meant by "precious stones symbolizing _those_ planets." In heraldry, the
+arms of sovereigns and royal personages are blazoned by the names of the
+sun, moon, and planets, for colours, as those of noblemen are by
+precious stones. If this is what is asked after, the following table
+will explain it:--
+
+      _Colours._    _Pr. Stones._    _Planets._
+      Or            Topaz            Sol
+      Argent        Pearl            Luna
+      Sable         Diamond          Saturn
+      Gules         Ruby             Mars
+      Azure         Sapphire         Jupiter
+      Vert          Emerald          Venus
+      Purpure       Amethyst         Mercury
+
+    C.
+
+_Baronets of Ireland_ (Vol. iv., p. 44.).--The two following extracts
+may throw some light upon the origin of the title of baronet. James I.
+probably adopted this title, which he found to have been so long
+existing in Ireland, for the new order of nobility he was about to
+establish. And it should be remembered that the order of baronet was
+instituted for the purpose of promoting the plantation of Ulster.
+
+The names mentioned in the second extract are probably those of the
+baronets whom Spenser mentions as being, in existence in his time. There
+was, thirty years ago, a "Baron of Galtrim;" perhaps there is still.
+
+  EUDOX: "You say well, for by the increase of Freeholders, their
+  numbers hereby will be greatly augmented; but how should it passe
+  through the higher house, which still must consiste all of Irish?"
+
+  IREN: "Marry, that also may bee redressed by ensample of that
+  which I heard was done in the like case by King Edward III. (as I
+  remember), who being greatly bearded and crossed by the Lords of
+  the cleargie, they being there [_i. e._ in the Parliament of
+  _Ireland_] by reason of the Lords Abbots, and others, too many and
+  too strong for him, so as hee could not for their frowardnesse
+  order and reforme things as hee desired, was advised to direct out
+  his writts to certaine Gentlemen of the best ability and trust,
+  entitling them therein Barons, to serve and sitt as Barons in the
+  next Parlament. By which meanes hee had so many Barons in his
+  Parlament, as were able to weigh down the Cleargie and their
+  friends: the which Barons, they say, were not afterwards Lords,
+  but onely Baronets, as sundry of them doe yet retayne the
+  name."--Spenser's "View of the State of Ireland," in the _Ancient
+  Irish Histories_, Dublin Edition, 1809, pp. 223, 224.
+
+      "BARONETS.
+
+      "Seint Leger, Baronet of Slemarge, meere Irish.
+      Den, Baronet of Por man ston, waxing Irish.
+      Fitz Gerald, Baronet of Burnchurch.
+      Welleslye, Baronet of Narraghe.
+          [Ancestor of the Duke of Wellington.]
+      Husee, Baronet of Galtrim.
+      S. Michell, Baronet of Reban.
+      Marwarde, Baronet of Scryne.
+      Nangle, Baronet of Navan."
+
+   Campion's "Historie of Ireland," written in the yeare 1571, p.
+   12. (In the _Ancient Irish Histories_, Dublin edition, 1809.)
+
+    T. J.
+
+_Hopkins the Witchfinder_ (Vol. ii., pp. 392. 413.).--Your
+correspondents will find some "curious memoirs" of this person in the
+_Anthologia Hibernica_ for June, 1793, p. 424. The memoirs are
+embellished with a plate "correctly copied from an extreme rare print in
+the collection of J. Bindley, Esq."
+
+    R. H.
+
+_Plowden_ (Vol. iv., p. 58.).--From Burke's _Landed Gentry_, 1846, under
+"Plowden of Plowden" (A.D. 1194), it would appear that Edmund was of
+Wansted, Hampshire, and ancestor of the Plowdens of Lassam, Hants, and
+that he "was styled in his will, July 29, 1655, Sir Edmund, lord earl
+palatine, governor, and captain general, of the province of New Albion."
+I would suggest to your Transatlantic readers the interest that would be
+derived from a compilation of surnames in the United States; and in
+cases where it can be ascertained, the date of introduction, position of
+first immigrant, ancestry, and descendants. The names and subsequent
+history of those families who remained loyal during the American
+Revolution, are worthy of record; most of whom have, I believe,
+prospered in the world since the confiscation of their property.
+
+The names of the followers of William the Conqueror are often alluded
+to; but the "comers over" at the conquest of Wales, Scotland, and
+Ireland are but seldom thought of, though they lend to their
+descendants' pedigree a degree of historical interest.
+
+    A. C.
+
+_As lazy as Ludlam's Dog_ (Vol. i., pp. 382. 475.).--This proverb is to
+be found in Ray's first edition (1670), and is quoted in a little book
+entitled _Scarronides, et cet._, a burlesque on the second book of
+Virgil's _Æneid_. Æneas, reposing on the "toro alto," is likened to
+"Ludlam's curr, on truckle lolling;" whilst a marginal note says "'Tis a
+proverb, Ludlam's dog lean'd his head against a wall when he went to
+bark." Both here and in Ray the name is spelt _Ludl_a_m_.
+
+    CRANMORE.
+
+_Pope and Flatman_ (Vol. iv., p. 132.).--The piece quoted by MR. BARTON
+had long since been pointed out by Warton (_Essay on Pope_), who has
+also collected many others which Pope _may_ have known and made use of,
+some which he _must_.
+
+    V.
+
+_Spenser's Faerie Queene_ (Vol. iv., p. 133.).--The explanation of the
+stanza in question would occupy more space than I think you would spare
+me. It will suffice to note that a very sufficient one will be found in
+Todd's edition of _Spenser_ (1803) in vol. iii., at the close of canto
+ix. book ii.; and that the letter of Sir K. Digby is given at full
+length, before the editor's own commentary and explanation, in that
+place.
+
+    V.
+
+  Belgravia.
+
+_Bells in Churches_ (Vol. ii., p. 326.).--In reply to the inquiry
+whether there is still a law against the use of bells as a summons to
+divine services, except in churches, which has not been answered, permit
+me to quote the following sentences from a judgment of Lord Chief
+Justice Campbell, as reported in the _Times_ of August 14.
+
+  "First, with regard to the right of using bells at all. By the
+  common law, churches of every denomination had a full right to use
+  bells, and it was a vulgar error to suppose that there was any
+  distinction at the present time in this respect. At the same time,
+  those bells might undoubtedly be made use of in such a manner as
+  to create a nuisance; and in that case a Protestant church and a
+  Roman Catholic one were equally liable."
+
+The case (Soltan _v._ De Weld) from the judgment in which the above
+remarks are extracted was tried at the Croydon Assizes, and related to
+the use of bells by a Romanist community in such a manner as was alleged
+to be a nuisance.
+
+    ARUN.
+
+_Proverb of James I._ (Vol. iv., p. 85.).--The meaning of this proverb
+will be found in Jamieson's _Scottish Dictionary_, 4to. ed:--To "_cone_"
+or "_cunne_" thanks, is "to give thanks; to express a sense of
+obligation; to leave a sense of obligation."
+
+    S. WMSON.
+
+
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+Many of our readers who take an interest in our Anglo-Saxon Language and
+Literature are aware that an accomplished German scholar, Dr. Pauli, has
+during a residence of considerable length in this country been devoting
+his attention to those subjects; and we have just received some of the
+fruits of his labours in a volume entitled _König Ælfred und seine
+Stelle in der Geschichte Englands_. It is an interesting contribution to
+a very important period in the history of this country; and it is the
+more valuable from the use made in it of the labours of our own
+distinguished Saxonists, Kemble and Thorpe.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Letters on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Duties of the
+Christian Religion_, by Olinthus Gregory. The words _Ninth Edition_, on
+the title-page of this new volume, sufficiently attest the value of this
+addition to Bohn's _Standard Library_.
+
+_The Stranger in London, or Visitor's Companion to the Metropolis and
+its Environs, with an historical and descriptive Sketch of the Great
+Exhibition_, by Cyrus Redding. This Guide claims the merit of being "not
+merely descriptive but pictorial;" and it does well, for its woodcuts
+form the most valuable portion of the book.
+
+_Address at the Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Geographical Society_,
+by Captain W. H. Smyth, R.N., President, &c. This Address give a concise
+yet most clear view of the progress of Geographical Discovery during the
+preceding year; and is alike creditable to the learned and gallant
+Captain and the Society over which he presides.
+
+We desire to direct the attention of our readers, more especially those
+who are old enough to remember the first appearance the _The Literary
+Gazette_, to the Testimonial which the friends of the Editor, Mr.
+Jerdan, propose to present to that gentleman. The names of the
+Committee, and a statement of the Subscriptions in aid of the object,
+will be found in our advertising columns.
+
+The Memorial which we mentioned some time since as having been addressed
+to the master of the Rolls, requesting "that persons who are merely
+engaged in historical inquiry, antiquarian research, and other literary
+pursuits connected therewith, should have permission granted them to
+have access to the Public Records, with the Indices and Calendars,
+without payment of Fees," has been very favourable responded to by Sir
+John Romilly; and a meeting of the gentlemen by whom it was signed has
+been held at the apartments of the Society of Antiquaries, when certain
+resolutions were agreed to, acknowledging the obligations of antiquarian
+literature to Sir John Romilly for the arrangements which he has at
+present determined upon, and for the further increased facilities for
+consulting the documents in question, which he has promised on the
+completion of the new Record Office. The thanks of the Meeting were also
+voted to Mr. Bruce, with whom the movement originated.
+
+Mr. C. Roach Smith has issued proposals for publishing by subscription
+an Illustrated Catalogue of his Museum of Antiquities, composed
+principally of remains of the Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Mediæval periods,
+discovered in the bed of the Thames, and during excavations in London.
+
+CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--William Nield's (46. Burlington Arcade) Catalogue
+No. 6. of Very Cheap Books; W. Brown's (130. and 131. Old Street) List
+of Theological Books selected from the Library of the late Rev. E.
+Bickersteth.
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+NATURAL HISTORY OF THE BRITISH ENTOMOSTRACÆ, by W. Baird, M.D. (Ray
+Society's Publications.)
+
+Barrington's Edition of THE ANGLO-SAXON VERSION OF OROSIUS, by Alfred
+the Great. 8vo. London, 1773. (An Imperfect Copy, containing only the
+Anglo-Saxon, from p. 1. to 242., would be sufficient.)
+
+BRITISH ESSAYISTS, by Chalmers. 45 Vols. Johnson and Co. Vols. VI. VII.
+VIII. IX. and XXIII.
+
+KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPEARE. Part XXV.
+
+BUDDEN'S LIFE OF ARCHBISHOP MORTON, 1607.
+
+THOMAS LYTE'S ANCIENT BALLADS AND SONGS. 12mo. 1827.
+
+DODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT THE SOUL
+IS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c.
+
+REFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS; or, Remarks on his Account of
+Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Colonel Luke
+Lillingston, 1704.
+
+GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. Vol. I. 1731.
+
+NEW ENGLAND JUDGED, NOT BY MAN'S BUT BY THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD, &c. By
+George Bishope. 1661. 4to. Wanted from p. 150. to the end.
+
+REASON AND JUDGMENT, OR SPECIAL REMARQUES OF THE LIFE OF THE RENOWNED
+DR. SANDERSON, LATE LORD BISHOP OF LINCOLN. 1663. Sm. 4to. Wanted from
+p. 90. to the end.
+
+TRISTRAM SHANDY. 12mo. Tenth Edition. Wanted Vol. VII.
+
+MALLAY, ESSAI SUR LES EGLISES ROMAINES ET BYZANTINES DU PUY DE DOME. 1
+Vol. folio. 51 Plates.
+
+AN ACCOUNT OF THE REMAINS OF THE WORSHIP OF PRIAPUS, to which is added a
+Discourse thereon, as connected with the Mystic Theology of the
+Ancients. London, 1786. 4to. By R. Payne Knight.
+
+CH. THILLON'S (professor of Halle) NOUVELLE COLLECTION DES APROCRYPHES,
+AUGMENTÉ, &c., Leipsic, 1832.
+
+SOCIAL STATICS, by Herbert Spencer. 8vo.
+
+THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE. The back numbers.
+
+ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA. The part of the 7th edition edited by Prof.
+Napier, containing the Art. MORTALITY.
+
+OBSERVATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON HEALTH AND MORTALITY, by
+Arthur S. Thomson, M.D. (A Prize Thesis.)
+
+REPORT ON THE BENGAL MILITARY FUND, by F. G. P. Neison. Published in
+1849.
+
+THREE REPORTS, by Mr. Griffith Davies, Actuary to the _Guardian_, viz.:
+
+Report on the Bombay Civil Fund, published 1836. ------------ Bengal
+Medical Retiring Fund, published 1839. ------------ Bengal Military
+Fund, published 1844.
+
+OBSERVATIONS ON THE MORTALITY AND PHYSICAL MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN, by
+Mr. Roberton, Surgeon, London, 1827.
+
+  [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
+  _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
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+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_To account for the non-appearance of several letters which have been
+received, and to prevent others of a like nature from being sent, the
+Editor begs to state that as it is obviously impossible that well-known
+controverted points in religion, politics, science &c., can be
+adequately discussed in a work like "NOTES AND QUERIES," we cannot
+insert letters which go directly to provoke the discussion of such
+points. Correspondents from whom they are received, we can only refer to
+the notorious sources of information; inquirers to whom these are
+unknown, are probably not in a state to profit by any dispute which they
+might engender._
+
+J. B. _or_ J. O. (Birmingham). _The Editor believes that the portraits
+respecting which our correspondent inquires are mere impostures unworthy
+of notice._
+
+S. P. H. T. _is thanked for his kind reminder. The subject has not been
+lost sight of; but postponed partly from the pressure of correspondence,
+and the consequent want of room--partly from want of time. We hope
+however to take some steps in it before the present volume is
+completed._
+
+T. LAWRENCE. _The puzzling epitaph forwarded by our correspondent has
+already been recorded and explained in_ "NOTES AND QUERIES." _See_ Vol.
+II., pp. 311. 346.
+
+E. H. Y. _The Query was inserted_ Vol. iii., p. 351.; _and the only
+satisfactory reply received is one not calculated for publication,
+but shall be forwarded to our correspondent, if he will kindly say how
+a letter may be addressed to him._
+
+F. R. R._'s Query respecting the "Hanap Cup" has been anticipated in
+our_ 1st Vol. p. 477., _and replied to at_ p. 492.
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor--Thread the
+Needle--Pope and Flatman--Spenser's Faerie Queene--Men may live
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+Cooper--House of Yvery--Spon--A Saxon Bell-house--The late William
+Hone--Thistle of Scotland--Yankee, &c. (from R.H.)--John Bodley--Double
+Names--Aulus Gehius' Description of a Dimple--Meaning of Rack--Dogmatism
+and Puppyism--Borough-English--Royal Library--Was Milton an Anglo-Saxon
+Scholar?--Heronsewe--Decking Churches at Christmas--Threadneedle
+Street--Murderers buried in Cross Roads--Pendulum Demonstration of the
+Earth's Rotation--The Tradescants--Ten Commandments--George
+Steevens--Marriage of Bishops--Leman Baronetcy--Three Estates of the
+Realm--Nelson's Coat--Theory of the Earth's Form--Agla--Curious Fact in
+Natural History, &c., (from St. Lucia)._
+
+_Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H.,
+_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by
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+
+VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had,
+price_ 9_s._ 6_d. each, neatly bound in cloth._
+
+
+
+
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+
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+  Condition of Geneva; 3. The Beast from the Sea; 4. De
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+  Carolus Gulielmus Schöll; 5. Galatians iii. iv.; 6. On the
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+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, a No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, August 30. 1851.
+
+
+
+
+      [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV]
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |
+      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 88  | July  5, 1851     |   1- 15 | PG # 37548  |
+      | Vol. IV No. 89  | July 12, 1851     |  17- 31 | PG # 37568  |
+      | Vol. IV No. 90  | July 19, 1851     |  33- 47 | PG # 37593  |
+      | Vol. IV No. 91  | July 26, 1851     |  49- 79 | PG # 37778  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 92  | August  2, 1851   |  81- 94 | PG # 38324  |
+      | Vol. IV No. 93  | August  9, 1851   |  97-112 | PG # 38337  |
+      | Vol. IV No. 94  | August 16, 1851   | 113-127 | PG # 38350  |
+      | Vol. IV No. 95  | August 23, 1851   | 129-144 | PG # 38386  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]            | PG # 13536  |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850    | PG # 13571  |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851    | PG # 26770  |
+      +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 96,
+August 30, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, AUGUST 30, 1851 ***
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