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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/38405-0.txt b/38405-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6be827c --- /dev/null +++ b/38405-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3578 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 96, +August 30, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 96, August 30, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: December 24, 2011 [EBook #38405] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, AUGUST 30, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been +standardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. A +list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the +end.] + + + + +NOTES and QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--No. 96. SATURDAY, AUGUST 30. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + The Caxton Memorial and Chaucer's Monument 145 + + NOTES:-- + + Collar of SS., by Edward Foss 147 + + Printing 148 + + Folk Lore:--Bible Divination in Suffolk--Mode of + discovering Bodies of the Drowned--Somersetshire Rhyme 148 + + Dictionary of Hackneyed Quotations 149 + + Minor Notes:--Cocker's Arithmetic--The Duke of + Normandy--Anachronisms and Errors of Painters--The Ring + Finger--The Od Force--New Costume for Ladies 149 + + QUERIES:-- + + Judges styled Reverend, &c. 151 + + Minor Queries:--Frederick Egmont; Peter (Egmont?)--Unlucky + for Pregnant Women to take on Oath--Cockroach--Felton--Date + of a Charter--Thomas Tusser the "Husbandman"--Godfrey + Higgins' Works--Noctes Templariæ--Commissioners on Officers + of Justice in England--Marcus Ælius Antoninus--Derivation + of Pic-nic--Sir Thomas More's Knighthood--Portrait of + Mandeville--Early History of Dingle--Language of Ancient + Egypt--Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe--Names first given to + Parishes--German Testament--The Man of Law--The + Termination "Ship"--Nullus and Nemo--The noblest Object + of the Work of Art--Poulster 151 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Rev. Cæsar de Missy--F. Beaumont + and Jeremy Taylor--"Carve out Dials"--Log Book--Lord + Clydesdale--"Time is the Stuff of which Life is + made"--"Yet forty Days"--The Empress Helena 153 + + REPLIES:-- + + Royal Library 154 + + The "Eisell" Controversy 155 + + Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor 157 + + "House of Yvery" 158 + + On "Rack" in the Tempest 158 + + Richard Rolle of Hampole 159 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Lady Flora Hastings' + Bequest--"The Right divine of Kings to govern + wrong"--Fairlight Church--Dogmatism and Puppyism--Was + Stella Swift's Sister?--Charles Lamb's Epitaph--Meaning of + Carnaby--Scandinavian Mythology, &c. 160 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 165 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 166 + + Notices to Correspondents 166 + + Advertisements 167 + + + + +THE CAXTON MEMORIAL AND CHAUCER'S MONUMENT. + + The result of the appeals which have recently been made to the + sympathies of the present age for the purpose of erecting a + Memorial to our first Printer, and of restoring the crumbling tomb + of one of our earliest and greatest Poets, has gone near to prove + that the admirers of Caxton and Chaucer are disposed to yield to + the objects of their hero-worship little more than lip service. In + short, the plan for the Caxton Memorial, and that for the + restoration of Chaucer's Monument, have well nigh failed. + + The projectors of the former had, indeed, in the necessity of + settling what the Caxton Memorial should be, to encounter, at the + very outset of their undertaking, one difficulty from which the + Chaucer Committee was free; and the uncertainty whether it should + assume the form of the symbolical "lamp and fountain" so + poetically suggested by the Dean of St. Paul's, or the ideal + cast-iron statue of the Coalbrook Dale Company, may have had a + sinister effect upon the Subscription List. + + Between the suggestive symbol and the fancy portrait there would + seem to be little room for hesitation, since the former would + merely veil a truth, while the latter would perpetuate a + falsehood. But our readers have had before them a third, and, as + it seems to us, a far more reasonable proposal, in that made by + MR. BOLTON CORNEY for a collective impression of Caxton's original + compositions: and we cannot but think that if that gentleman will + take the trouble to enter into the necessary details as to the + extent of such compositions, and the expense of transcribing and + printing them, his scheme may yet be realised, and that too to the + satisfaction of all the subscribers to the Caxton Memorial. The + following communication indicates the favour with which MR. + CORNEY'S proposal will probably be received by the followers of + Caxton's art in this country. + +I have just read with great pleasure the article on "A Caxton Memorial +suggested" in your Number for the 19th of July. I was particularly +pleased with the "_proposed conditions_;" and as an humble follower of +the art of which Caxton stands at the head, and as an enthusiastic +admirer of that great and talented, and learned printer, I should feel +great pleasure in becoming a subscriber, should anything of the kind be +undertaken; and have no doubt but that many,--aye, as many as might be +required to complete the subscription list, might be found among the +printers of this country, who would feel proud to subscribe to such a +"Memorial." If anything of the kind should be undertaken, the projectors +might depend upon me becoming a subscriber. + + HENRY RYLETT, Printer. + + Horncastle, Aug. 18. 1851. + + The following letter, on the other hand, from a correspondent + whose smallest suggestion deserves, as it will be sure to receive, + the respectful attention of all who have the pleasure of knowing + his high personal character and great acquirements, although + pointing at what might be a fitting Memorial of one of the + greatest of the Worthies of Westminster, clearly indicates that if + MR. CORNEY'S scheme can be carried out it will have the benefit of + the writer's encouragement and support: + +MR. BOLTON CORNEY'S letter is entitled to much attention. It is +satisfactory to learn that the original design has been abandoned. The +fountain and the illumination might be a very pretty idea, but it would +have sorely puzzled some of our countrymen to connect that memorial in +their minds with the name and services of the first English printer. + +Might not the funds that were raised be advantageously employed in +founding a Caxton scholarship at Westminster School; or in the building +or enlarging some school bearing Caxton's name, connected with +Westminster? The spiritual wants of that city are great. + +If the statue be raised, which should not present a _bonâ fide_ +resemblance to our celebrated printer, it would be worse than +valueless--something like an imposture and it would have as little +connexion with Caxton as the statue in St. Peter's bears to the great +Apostle, though called by his name. + +MR. CORNEY'S proposal, of giving an impression of Caxton's original +compositions, would unquestionably be his most enduring and glorious +monument. These reprints would be dear, not only to the bibliographer, +but to the philologist and men of letters generally. But the work would +be an expensive one, and the editors should be far more liberally +recompensed than by merely receiving a limited number of copies. As the +subscription would probably be very limited, the work should be +undertaken by the nation, and not by individuals; still, the funds +already raised, if not otherwise expended for educational purposes, as +before suggested, would serve as the foundation for accomplishing MR. +CORNEY'S excellent suggestion. + + J. H. M. + + Our present purpose, however, is to call attention to a hint + thrown out not only in the following Note addressed to ourselves + (which, be it observed, has been in type for several weeks), but + also in the pages of our learned and able contemporary the + GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, in an article from which we extract the most + important passage, namely, that in the event of the failure of the + projected Caxton Memorial, the funds subscribed might with + propriety and good effect be applied (the consent of the + subscribers being of course first obtained) to an object with + which Caxton himself would so surely have sympathised, namely, the + restoration of the tomb of Geoffrey Chaucer: + +_Chaucer and Caxton._--"Not half" of the required 100_l._ "has yet been +subscribed" for the restoration of Chaucer's monument. Chaucer was an +especial favourite of Caxton; and as the first English printer seems for +awhile destined to remain without "light and fountain," as once upon a +time suggested by Dr. Milman, treasurer of the Caxton fund, possibly the +subscribers to that fund would not object to the transmission of the sum +required by the old monument of the poet, from the no monument of the +printer? Will the Dean of St. Paul's ask for suffrages on the matter? + + Q. + + After alluding to the various proposals for the Caxton Memorial, + and the correspondence between MR. BOLTON CORNEY and MR. BERIAH + BOTFIELD in "NOTES AND QUERIES," Sylvanus Urban proceeds: + +"But the discussion will do good. If neither proposal can be carried +out, we shall probably have a better suggestion than either. The money +in hand is said to be _far short_ of the sum necessary to erect a statue +or to print the works; if so, why not repair Chaucer's tomb with it? +Nothing would be more agreeable to Caxton himself. He not only printed +Chaucer's works, and re-imprinted them merely to get rid of errors; but, +feeling that the great poet 'ought eternally to be remembered' in the +place where he lies buried, he hung up an epitaph to his memory over +that tomb which is now mouldering to decay. + + "'Post obitum Caxton voluit te vivere, cura + Willelmi, Chaucer clare poeta, tui, + Nam tua, non solum, compressit opuscula formis, + Has quoque sed laudes jussit hic esse tuas.' + +"The epitaph, touching evidence of Caxton's affection for the poet, has +disappeared. In a few years the tomb itself will have submitted to +inevitable fate. What better mode of keeping alive the memory of both +Chaucer and Caxton, or of doing honour to the pious printer, than by +showing that even after the lapse of centuries his wishes for the +preservation of Chaucer's memory in that place are not forgotten? If the +fund is more than sufficient for the purpose, the surplus might be +invested on trust to perform the wish of Caxton, by keeping Chaucer's +monument in repair for ever."--_Gentleman's Magazine_, August, p. 167. + + Here we leave the matter for the present not, however, without the + hope that the present age will do honour to the memories of two + of our Illustrious Dead, and that few months will witness both a + Caxton Memorial in the shape of a collective edition of his + original writings, and the Restoration of the Monument of the + Father of English Poetry. + + + + +Notes. + + +COLLAR OF SS. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 89. 475.) + +No less than nine long months have elapsed since you adopted my +suggestion of limiting your columns, on the disputed question relative +to the collar of SS., to a record of the names of those persons who, +either on the monumental effigies or brasses, or in their portraits or +otherwise, are represented as wearing that ornament; together with a +short statement of the position held by each of these individuals in the +court of the then reigning monarch, seeming to warrant the assumption. +How is it that the invitation has not produced more than a single +response? Is it that the combatants are more fond of discussing the +probabilities of a disputed point, than of seeking for facts to aid in +its illustration? I hope that this is not so, in an age that prides +itself in its antiquarian and historical investigations; and I trust +that, now the dismissal of the parliament has relieved many from onerous +duties, your pages may benefit, not only on this but on other important +subjects, by the vacational leisure of your learned contributors. + +That I may not myself be chargeable with a continuance of the silence of +which I complain, I now offer to you no less than eleven of the earliest +names, principally taken from Boutell's _Monumental Brasses_, but some +suggested in your own pages, on whose monuments or otherwise the collar +occurs. To most of these I have added a few particulars seeming to +warrant the assumption; and I doubt not that some of your correspondents +will supply you with similar hints as to those of whom I have as yet +been unable to trace anything applicable to the subject of enquiry. + +1. The first of these is in 1382, seventeen years before the accession +of Henry IV. It appears on the brass of Sir Thomas Burton, in Little +Castreton Church, in Rutlandshire. This knight, we find, received +letters of protection on accompanying the Duke of Lancaster to France in +1369, when Edward III. revived his claim to that kingdom.[1] Being thus +one of the retainers of the duke, the assumption of his collar of livery +may be at once accounted for. + + [Footnote 1: N. Fœdera, iii. 870.] + +2. The next that we have is on the monument of John Gower in the church +of St. Saviour, Southwark. The poet died in 1402, 4 Henry IV. It is more +than doubtful whether he was a knight, and the only ground that I can +suggest for his being represented with the collar of SS. is, that he was +in some manner, perhaps as the court poet, attached to the household of +the king. Of his transferred devotion to Henry IV. we have sufficient +evidence in the revision of his _Confessio Amantis_, from which he +excluded all that he had previously said in praise of his patron Richard +II. + +3. Sir Thomas Massingberd died in 1406, and on his monument in Gunby +Church in Lincolnshire, both he and his lady are represented with +collars of SS. Why, I have still to seek. + +4. In 1407 there is a similar instance of a knight and his lady being so +ornamented. These are Sir William and Lady Bagot, whose monument is in +Baginton Chruch, Warwickshire. Boutell says that he was the first who +received this decoration from the king. Be this as it may, the Patent +Rolls contain sufficient to account for his and his wife's assuming King +Henry's livery from gratitude for the restoration of his land, which he +had forfeited as an adherent to Richard II.[2] + + [Footnote 2: Cal. Rot. Pat. 236. 243.] + +5. Then follows Sir John Drayton, whose monument, dated in 1411, is in +Dorchester Church, Oxfordshire. It may be presumed that he was in the +king's household; as in the beginning of the reign of Richard II. he was +keeper of the royal swans; and early in that of Henry IV., was serjeant +of the king's pavilions and tents. Thomas Drayton, who was made Assayer +of the Mint in the year of Sir John's death[3], was probably his son. + + [Footnote 3: Cal. Rot. Pat. 196. 259.; Devon's Issue Roll, 286.] + +6. In the following year, 1412, we have the collar of SS. represented on +the brass of Sir Thomas Swynborne in Little Horkeley Church, Essex. Two +or three years before, and perhaps at the time of his death, the knight +held the offices of Mayor of Bordeaux, and of the king's lieutenant in +those parts. + +The last five of these are in the reign of Henry IV. In the reign of +Henry V., I am not aware of any examples; but in that of Henry VI., we +find five other instances. + +7. In Trotton Church, Sussex, is the monument of Thomas Lord Camoys, who +died in 1424, and of his wife; both of whom are distinguished by the +collar. He was a Knight of the Garter, and commanded the left wing of +the English army at the battle of Agincourt. + +8. A monument, supposed to be that of Sir John Segrave, dated in 1425, +occurs in Dorchester Church, Oxfordshire: of whom I can state nothing. + +9. On the brass of John Leventhorpe, Esq., in the church of +Sawbridgeworth, in Hertfordshire, the collar is also to be found. He +died in 1433, and was one of the executors named in the will of King +Henry IV.[4] + + [Footnote 4: Devon's Issue Roll, 334.] + +10. The monument in Yatton Church, Somersetshire, representing a judge +in his robes, is traditionally ascribed to Sir Richard Newton, who died +Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in 1449. This is, I believe, the first +example of a judge being represented with the collar of SS. + +11. The silver collars of the king's livery bequeathed by the will of +John Baret of Bury, may be presumed, although he did not die till after +the accession of Edward IV., to be of the livery of Henry VI.; as he is +not only represented on his tomb, which he had erected during Henry's +reign, with the collar of SS.; but the chantry, also built by him, is +profusely ornamented with the same collar, enclosing his monogram J. B. +He probably received the privilege of wearing it during Henry's visit to +St. Edmondsbury in 1433.[5] + + [Footnote 5: Bury Wills, Camden Soc. 15-14. 233.] + +I shall be glad to see a continuation of this list carried on through +subsequent reigns, since it is only by the multiplication of examples +that we shall be enabled to form a more correct conclusion on the +various questions connected with this interesting subject. + +Will one of your correspondents kindly inform me where it appears that +Richard II. ever wore the collar of SS.? + + EDWARD FOSS. + + +PRINTING. + +This art cannot be assigned to any single year, but must rather be +referred to a _decennium_; and the one in which we now are (1851--1860), +is certainly the first decennium of the fifth century of the existence +of the art. If anything were proposed in the way of celebration of this +_anni_versary, probably the year 1855 would be chosen, not only as the +year which touches the middle of the decennium, but as being very +probably the year in which the printing of the Bible was completed. We +have then a year or two to consider in what manner the spirit which +anniversaries usually call up shall be turned to account. The following +will probably be suggested. + +_A feed._ If we could call down Fust and Gutenberg to witness that +within twelve hours after dessert and commonplaces are finished, an +account of the dinner, as long as three epistles of St. Paul, would be +about the world in something like a hundred thousand copies, such a +celebration would have a strong point of interest about it. + +_A monument in sculpture._ That is to say, a lame subscription, a +committee, five-and-twenty abusive paragraphs before the thing is done, +one more when, ten years after, it is completed, and a short notice in +the handbooks of London in all time to come. + +If these two modes are abandoned, many others would be proposed. Mine +would be, a subscription to defray the expense of publishing, on a large +scale, a book of fac-similes of early typography, to be sold at a cheap +rate, with such prefatory matter as would form an accurate popular +history of printing from 1450 to 1550. The great interest with which I +saw plain working men looking at the treasures now exhibited in glass +cases at the British Museum, made me think of this. + +Reference is frequently made upon the origin of printing, to the +_fasciculus temporum_, or _Cologne Chronicle_. In one place I find a +citation in support of the Gutenberg Bible having been commenced in +1450; in another citation it is only affirmed that printing was first +done in that year. The only edition I have the means of consulting at +this moment is that of Ratdolt, 1484. And here I find nothing about +printing except that, of the year 1457 and thereabouts, it is said that + + "Artifices mira celeritate subtiliores solito fiunt. Et + impressores librorum multiplicant in terra." + +In the preface Ratdolt says that he had printed the _fasciculus_ three +times already, of which Hain mentions two. He says, moreover, that this +fourth (Venice) edition was _cura et opera diligentiori_. Did Ratdolt, +after inquiry, abandon the more specific account above cited, and +content himself with the above sentence, as expressing all that could be +verified; or, as I have sometimes supposed, do _different books_ +circulate under the title of _fasciculus temporum_? Be this as it may, +Ratdolt expressly refers to the great impulse which the mechanical arts +in general received just about the time when printing became common. Now +we may hope the same thing of the decennium on which we are entering, +the beginning of which is made conspicuous by the great forcing-house of +art, which has not yet got the name it is to keep. + + M. + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Bible divination in Suffolk._--In Suffolk it is a practice on New +Year's Eve to open a Bible at midnight, and the passage upon which they +stick a pin will be the luck (good or bad) that attends them the +following year. + + R. J. S. + +_Mode of Discovering the Bodies of the Drowned._--What must we think of +the following, transcribed from the _Gentleman's Mag._, vol. xxxvii. p. +189.? Can such things be? + + "WEDNESDAY, APRIL 8, 1767. + + "An inquisition was taken at _Newbery_, _Berks_, on the body of a + child near two years old, who fell into the river _Kennet_, and + was drowned. The jury brought in their verdict _accidental death_. + The body was discovered by a very singular experiment, which was + as follows:--After diligent search had been made in the river for + the child, to no purpose, a two-penny loaf, with a quantity of + quicksilver put into it, was set floating from the place where the + child it was supposed had fallen in, which steered its course down + the river upwards of half a mile, before a great number of + spectators, when the body happening to lay on the contrary side of + the river, the loaf suddenly tacked about, and swam across the + river, and gradually sunk near the child, when both the child and + loaf were immediately brought up, with grabbers ready for that + purpose." + +Is this experiment ever tried at the present time, and do there exist +any authentic accounts of such trials and their results? + + * & ? + + Manpadt House. + +_Somersetshire Rhyme._--In Vol. iii., p. 206., there is mention of a +traditional rhyme on Lynn and Rising. At Taunton, in Somersetshire, +there is a similar tradition current: + + "Nertown was a market town + When Taunton was a furzy down." + +This Nertown is a village adjoining Taunton, and lying on the north side +of it. Its name is variously regarded as a corruption of Northtown +Near-town, and Nethertown, of which the last is doubtless the right +derivation. + + R. D. H. + + +DICTIONARY OF HACKNEYED QUOTATIONS. + +Allow me to suggest the publication of a small work, which might be +entitled "The Book of Hackneyed Quotations." Manifold would be its +usefulness. Here information would be imparted to enquirers anxious to +discover the source of such passages and the labours of other oracles, +as well as of the editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES," would be thus in this +department diminished. Reporters would by this means be enabled to +correct mistakes; for, owing either to blunders in the delivery, or +errors in the short-hand notes, rarely are quotations faithfully +printed. The gentleman "totally unaccustomed to public speaking," and +the orator of "unadorned eloquence," might from hence cull some flowers +wherewith to embellish their speeches while to the practised author and +the accomplished speaker such a collection might serve as an index +expurgatorius, teaching them what to avoid as common-place, and so the +recurrence of old friends, "familiar in our mouths as household words," +would be more "like angels' visits, few and far between." + +An index referring to the rhyming or important words should be appended, +and it would be advisable to subjoin translation of the few Latin and +French citations. + +Surely it is "devoutly to be wished" that the proposed little work may +find "a local habitation and a name," and that the idea may not vanish +into thin air "like the baseless fabric of a vision." No doubt several +of your correspondents who do not think that "ignorance is bliss," and +that it is "folly to be wise," would gladly lend their aid, and the +constant "cry" would be "they come." As to the title, "a rose by any +other name would smell as sweet:" but "somewhat too much of this." + + TT. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Cocker's Arithmetic._--I have a copy of Cocker's _Arithmetic_, the 37th +edition, 1720, with an engraved portrait of the author; respecting which +there is the following manuscript note on the flyleaf:-- + + "Mr. Douce, of Bath, the literary antiquary and book-collector, + showed me a copy of Cocker's _Arithmetic_, with the _frontispiece + cut of the author_, which he said was very scarce. + + "J. P., April, 1823." + +Mr. Douce's copy (the first edition, 1678) is now in the possession of +Mr. Rainy, an upholsterer in Bath, and is for sale. He asks 8_l._ 10_s._ +for it. + + CRANMORE. + +_The Duke of Normandy._--The question relative to the late Duke of +Normandy being the individual who was Dauphin of France, the son of +Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette, and who was said to have died in the +Temple, has never been as publicly and satisfactorily settled as it +deserves. The high station and unquestionable integrity of the +individuals of the Perceval family who instituted the inquiry, and in +the most open manner laid the results of that inquiry before the public, +constitute an unexceptionable guarantee for its genuineness and +authenticity. The acute perception and accurate memory of Madame Tussaud +carry great weight with them. She was asked by the writer of this +paragraph, if she thought the person calling himself the Duke of +Normandy was the same individual she had modelled when a child. Madame +Tussaud replied with great emphasis, "I would take my oath of it for he +had a peculiar formation on the neck which still remains. Besides +something transpired between us, which he referred to, which was never +likely to be mentioned to any one." The late Mr. Jeremy, the active and +highly intelligent magistrate who presided in the court of Greenwich, +and whose long experience adds value to his judgment, was of opinion +that there were no traces of the impostor discovered by him during +several scrutinising examinations which were held in his office, and +that the members of the old French nobility who were present treated him +with profound respect. He was supported through unknown channels, was +twice shot at, and refused permission by the French government, though +it was applied for by legal advocates of the highest standing, to bring +the question before the legal tribunals. At first the Emperor of Russia +and the King of Prussia, who knew that the Dauphin was alive, opposed +the Duke of Wellington's proposal to reinstate Louis XVIII. The Empress +Josephine is also said to have been aware, that the Dauphine did not die +in the Temple, and is reported to have said "Ah! legitimacy is nearer +than you suppose." It is an unsettled historical question worthy the +attention of the historian who has time to bestow on it. + + ÆGROTUS. + +_Anachronisms and Errors of Painters._--Perhaps the commonest of all +anachronisms of painters is that of representing St. John Baptist in a +Holy Family, himself a child, adoring the infant Saviour, and carrying a +slight cross or flag, with the motto "Ecce Agnus Dei." That John knew +our Lord as an eminently holy man is clear frown his expostulation, "I +have need to be baptized of Thee," &c.; but he himself most distinctly +assures us that it was not till he saw the Spirit descending on Jesus +like a dove that he knew him as the promised Messiah and Lamb of God. + +I have seen an engraving from an old Master (perhaps some of your +correspondents may remember the painting itself) in which the mother of +Zebedee's children comes forward to beg the boon on their behalf, James +and John being represented as boys of seven or eight, one on each side +of her. These errors of painters are perhaps excusable when they +occurred at a time when the Bible was not in everybody's hands: but what +excuse can we make for artist's blunders now? The _Illustrated News_ has +lately given us prints from paintings by living artists, in one of +which, "Noah's Sacrifice," a couple of fat ducks figure as _clean_ fowl +at the foot of the altar; and in the other, the Five Wise and Five +Foolish Virgins have increased into two sevens; neither error being +apparently noticed by the editor. It is said that no sea piece, however +fine, is admitted to our exhibitions if the rigging is incorrect. Would +it not be quite as advisable to exclude Scripture pieces with palpable +blunders? + + P. P. + +_The Ring Finger._--The English Book of Common Prayer orders that the +ring should be put "upon the _fourth_ finger of the woman's left hand;" +and the spousal manuals of York and Salisbury assign this practical +reason for the selection of the said finger: + + "Quia in illo digito est quædam vena procedens usque ad + cor."--Maskell, _Ancient Liturgy of the Church of England_, 2nd + edition, Preface, page clv. note: Lond. 1846. + +Aulus Gellius tells us-- + + "Veteres Græcos annulum habuisse in digito accepimus sinistræ + manus, qui minimo est proximus. Romanos quoque homines aiunt, sic + plerumque annulis usitatos. Causam esse hujus rei Appianus in + libris Ægyptiacis hanc dicit: quod insectis apertisque humanis + corporibus, ut mos in Ægypto fuit, quas Graeci ἀνατομὰς + appellant, repertum est, _nervum quendam tenuissimum ab eo uno + digito, de quo diximus, ad cor hominis pergere ac pervenire_. + Propterea non inscitum visum esse, eum potissimum digitum tali + honore decorandum, qui continens et quasi connexus esse cum + principatu cordis videretur."--_Noctes Atticæ_, lib. x. cap. 10. + +Other reasons are assigned by Macrobius; and the author of the _Vulgar +Errors_ (book iv. ch. 4.) has entirely overthrown the anatomical fiction +mentioned above. Can any one give me any further information than that +contained in L'Estrange or Wheatly, or in the authors to which they +refer? The fourth finger of the left hand is certainly "the least active +finger of the hand least used, upon which, therefore, the ring may be +always in view, and least subject to be worn out:" but this is a very +unromantic and utilitarian idea. + + RT. + + Warmington, Aug. 9. 1851. + +_The Od Force._--As considerable interest appertains to the earlier +manifestations of what is now termed Mesmerism, the following Note may +not be altogether unworthy of a place. + +The experiment, upon which a subjective proof of the agency of the power +of Od is founded, as described by Dr. Herbert Mayo in the supplementary +chapter to the last edition of _Letters on the Truths contained in +Popular Superstitions_, and alluded to by R. D. H. (Vol. iii., p. 517.), +is another instance of there being "nothing new under the sun." In the +_Bigarrures du Seigneur des Accords_, first published at Paris in 1582, +in the chapter "Des faux Sorciers et de leur Impostures" occurs the +following passage, which I copy _verbatim et literatim_:-- + + "Autres ont une ruse, qu'ils semblent d'attacher un anneau d'or ou + d'argent à un petit filet, qu'on suspend dans un verre à demy + plain d'eaue, et puis l'ayant trempé pair trois fois, disent + bellement ce verset du Psalme, autant de fois, 'Ecce enim + veritatem dilexisti, incerta et occulta sapientiæ tuæ manifestasti + mihi.' L'anneau bat contre le verre, et sonne autant d'heures + qu'il en peut estre." + + W. PINKERTON. + + Ham. + +_New Costume for Ladies._--The following paragraph, extracted from a +London paper (November, 1794) would lead to the conclusion that the +agitation regarding costume now going on in America, is not entirely +novel; the Turkish fashion having been introduced unsuccessfully into +this metropolis in the last century:-- + + "The young ladies of _haut ton_, who have invented _Turkish_ + fashions, will not be surprised if their _husbands_ should follow + their example, and adopt the _Turkish taste for variety_.--No man + of sense can be _long_ attached to such _absurdity_!" + + G. R. + + Thanet Place, Temple Bar, Aug. 20. + + + + +Queries. + + +JUDGES STYLED REVEREND, ETC. + +I read a Query not long ago as to the time when the title "Very +Reverend" was first given to Deans. I would also offer a Query, When did +the Judges lose the title of "Reverend" and "Very Reverend," and obtain +that of "Honorable?" In the second volume of _The Year Books_ the +approbation of the twelve judges to the publication of the reports is +headed, "By the approbation of the _Reverend Judges_;" and the following +is copied from the title-page: "_Le Premier Part de les Reports del +Cases en Ley, que furent argués en le Temps de le très Haut et Puissant +Prince, Roy Edward le Tierce. Ore nouvelment Imprimés, Corrigés et +Amendés, avec les Notations and References de l' très Reverend et trés +Sage Juges de cest Royaulme, Brook et Fitzherbert. Printed, 1679._" + +In the title-page of the sixth volume we find "_Avec les Notations de le +très Reverend Juges, Brook et Fitzherbert_." + +Was this title, "Reverend," derived from the address given to judges +when ecclesiastics filled judicial offices, or is it simply a title of +respect applied to all persons to whom, on account of their position in +society, respectful address is due; of which we have an example in +Othello's address to the Venetian senators: + + "Most potent, grave, and reverend seniors." + +When did the address, "The Honorable," now given to the judges, come +into use? + +How comes it that in Court the Puisne Judges are addressed by the title +of "Lord," whereas the Master of the Rolls, who ranks before them, +receives the title of "Your Honor?" + +The use of the title "Honorable" to the House of Commons, and to members +within its walls, is familiar to us all. + +The worthiness and antiquity of the title is proved by its being given +to one of the Persons of the Eternal Trinity in the Te Deum. + + F. W. J. + + +Minor Queries. + +93. _Frederick Egmont; Peter (Egmont?)._--They appear as booksellers +merely and only, so far as I can make out, because the _promptorius +puerorum_, or _medulla grammaticæ_, printed by Pynson, in 1499, is said, +in the colophon, to be at their expense. Neither Ames nor Dibdin gives +any further evidence. The following is therefore worth a Note. It is +from the _ad lectorem_ (or rather, the _adolescentibus studiosis_) of +the _Multorum Vocabulorum equivocorum interpretatio Magistri Johannes de +garlandia_: Paris, 1502, 4to. + + "Sed nihil tam arduum tamque difficile fuit quod labor improbus + non vicerit. Ut videlicet mei amicissimo Fredericho Egmont morem + gererem optatissimus: qui cum in vestra excellentissima anglie + patria. Et librorum sit fidelissimus mercator et amicorum suorum + amantissimus, nullum unque librum ex officina sua nisi perquam + castigatus emittet." + +Query, was F. Egmont a printer as well as a bookseller? Granting that +_officina_ means a shop, how can a mere bookseller sell none but +correctly printed works? The writer of the above was himself a +bookseller (Joh. Ant. Venetus). + +Of Peter above-mentioned, or rather of his name, the following is the +history:--The colophon of the _promptorius_, of which there is a copy in +the Grenville Library, runs as follows "... in expensis virtuosorum +virorum Frederici Egmont et Petri post pascha, anno domini MCCCC +nonagessimo nono, decima v'a die mensis Maii." Hence Hain and others +have entered Peter post Pascha as an English bookseller, presuming that +the words _post pascha_ cannot belong to the date, because the more +definite day, "May 15," follows. But surely, among the varieties of the +time when every man did what seemed good in his own eyes as to titles, +colophons, &c., it may easily have happened that a double description of +a part of the date may have occurred, one description containing more +than the other. Query, Can any other instance be produced of this +hypertautology?[6] At any rate, such a thing is more likely than that a +bookseller should have been called _Peter After-Easter_. At the same +time such whimsical things were done in the Latinization of names, both +by their owners and by others for them, that no certain conclusion can +be drawn. For example, more atrocious changes have been made than would +be that of Easterby into _post pascha_. + + M. + + [Footnote 6: [We are glad to supply our correspondent with another + instance of hypertautology, and from a work in great demand during + this part of the year. On the cover of Bradshaw's _Railway Guide_ + we read, "Eighth Month (August) 1st, 1851."]] + +94. _Unlucky for pregnant Women to take an Oath._--In a police case, +reported in _The Times_ of the 28th of May, a woman was called as a +witness who, however, upon the book being tendered to her, positively +refused to be sworn, with the remark, that it must be evident to the +magistrate that she could not take an oath. The usher of the court said +that the woman was pregnant, and that low women who were in that +situation, entertained an absurd belief that it was unlucky to take an +oath. What is the origin of this superstition? Is it common amongst the +uneducated classes of society? + + COWGILL. + +95. _Cockroach_ (Vol. i., p. 194.).--Having seen in "NOTES AND QUERIES" +some interesting particulars on the subject of beetle mythology, I am +induced to put a Query as to the derivation of the word "cockroach." The +common appellation for this insect in the French islands is _ravet_, +but the more correct one is _kakerlaque_. Does the affinity in sound +between this latter term and "cockroach," slight though it be, warrant +the supposition that the one may be derived from the other? + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia, May, 1851. + +96. _Felton._--What has become of the letter said to have been found in +Felton's hat when he stabbed the Duke of Buckingham? Upcott once had it, +but it did not appear in the sale catalogue of his collection. + + ?? + +97. _Date of a Charter._--Having been in the habit of making frequent +consultations to the MSS. in the British Museum respecting the county of +Wilts, I found a charter temp. Henry III., the date of which is given as +"_Thursday next after the day whereon the King sent his daughter into +Sicily_!" + +It is now three years since I last saw the original, and having mislaid +my transcript, I quote from memory; but I believe I am correct in my +rendering from the Latin. + +Can you, through the medium of your valuable publication, fix with +accuracy this date, as I have not been able to do so. + + J. T. HAND. + + 29. Threadneedle Street, Aug. 13. 1851. + +98. _Thomas Tusser the "Husbandman."_--Has any new evidence been +discovered to prove the correct dates of the birth and decease of this +"old English worthy?" On his own authority we learn that Rivenhall, near +Witham in Essex, was the place of his nativity, and his remains were +interred (about 1580?) in St. Mildred's church in the Poultry. Are any +particulars known of Sir Richard Southwell, one of Tusser's patrons? + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +99. _Godfrey Higgins' Works._--Have the works of Godfrey Higgins (the +_Celtic Druids_ and the _Anacalypsis_) ever been reviewed, and where? if +not, can any of your readers inform me what is the opinion generally +entertained of these productions? + + OUTIS. + +100. _Noctes Templariæ._--In turning over yesterday a MS. volume in the +University Library, I met with a tract of 8 pp., with the title, _Noctes +Templariæ: a Briefe Chronicle of the darke Raigne of the bright Prince +of burning Love_. Stradilan is the name of the principal character in +this most mad composition. As to the author, I shall be glad to receive +information from those better acquainted with the fugitive literature of +the seventeenth century than + + W. R. C. + + Cambridge. + +101. _Commissioners on Officers of Justice in England._--On July 27th, +1733, commissioners were appointed to survey the officers of justice in +England and Wales, and to inquire into their fees. Will any of your +learned readers inform me whether these commissioners made any report of +the returns of fees which they received in pursuance of their +commission, and where is such report or returns deposited? This inquiry +may lead to some important results. + + INQUIRER. + +102. _Marcus Ælius Antoninus._--Can you or any of your correspondents +inform me what writer is concealed under the pseudonyme of Marcus Ælius +Antoninus, in the following title? + + "De scripto quodam cleri secundarii et leguleorum cololiensium + planè detestabili, adversus Evangelii doctrinam et ordines Imperii + nuper edito Querela Marci Ælii Antonini Imperatoris, qui + Philosophus à bonis literis magna laude cognominatus est. 1543." + + TYRO. + + Dublin. + +103. _Derivation of Pic-nic._--Can any of your subscribers inform me of +the derivation of the word "Pic-nic?" + + A. F. S. + + Nottingham, Aug. 12. + +104. _Sir Thomas More's Knighthood._--I should, be glad of the date when +the honour of knighthood was conferred on this eminent man and also the +date of his admission into the privy council. If I am rightly informed, +the records of the privy council are preserved only since 1540. + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT + +105. _Portrait of Mandeville, author of the Fable of "The Bees."_--Could +any of your numerous readers inform me whether there is in existence any +authenticated portrait of Dr. Bernard de Mandeville, author of the fable +of "The Bees?" I have made a fruitless search for several years past. + + B. G. + +106. _Dingle, early History of._--Any references to works, MS. or +printed, containing notices of the early history of Dingle and its +neighbourhood, in the county of Kerry, Ireland, will much oblige. + + R. H. + +107. _Ancient Egypt, Language of._--What are the best standard works on +the study of the language of ancient Egypt, as preserved in its +monuments? What are the best works on its chronology? What translations +exist of its "Ritual of the Dead?" I am acquainted with Lepsius +Todtenbuch. What MSS. of it, _if any_, are preserved in British museums +or libraries? have they been collated? I am acquainted with that in the +library of Trinity College, Dublin, formerly in possession of the late +Lord Kingsborough, which, I believe, has never been even lithographed; +though among the members of that university are a Hincks, a Wall, and a +Butcher. + + S. P. H. T. + +108. _Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe._--None of the biographers of the famous Dr. +Matthew Sutcliffe, Dean of Exeter, the controversial writer, and founder +of Chelsea College, state where he was born, or where interred. +Faulkner, in his _History of Chelsea_, observes that he was probably a +native of Devonshire; but there appears to be some ground for +considering that he was of a family settled at Mayroyd, in the parish of +Halifax in Yorkshire. In a conveyance of the estate, dated 29th January, +1581, the grantor is Matthew Sutcliffe, "Doctor of Civil Law, dwelling +in London." He was of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Doctor of Civil +Law: he died in 1629. In his will he desires to be buried in Exeter +Cathedral. Probably the inscription on his tombstone, if still existing, +might settle this uncertainty. I shall feel obliged to any of your +correspondents who can throw any light on the subject. + + JAMES CROSSLEY. + +109. _Names first given to Parishes._--Is there any means of +ascertaining the time at which names were first given to parishes? and +can any reason be given for the recurrence of one termination in a +particular locality? Thus between Caistor and Brigg in Lincolnshire, a +distance of about nine miles, there are, I understand, the several +parishes or hamlets of _Clixby_, _Fonaby_, _Grassby_, _Ownby_, _Searby_, +_Bigby_, _Barnetby_, _Wrawby_, and there are many others in the +neighbourhood. Of course, I know the meaning of _by_, as a termination; +but I wish to know why it occurs so often in one locality, when perhaps +a few miles off you have as many _hams_ or _thorpes_. + +Can you suggest any probable derivation of _Swinhop_? + + F. B. + + Leamington. + +110. _German Testament._--What is the most literal German translation of +the New Testament? Is the translation published by the British and +Foreign Bible Society in 1844 to be depended on? + + A. G. + +111. _The Man of Law._--Who was the author of the following lines quoted +by Mr. Serjeant Byles a short time since?-- + + "The man of law, who never saw, + The way to buy or sell, + Shall never rise, by merchandise, + Or ever speed him well." + +They may not be quite correct, as I write from memory. + + W. W. KING. + +112. _The Termination "Ship."_--What is the origin of the termination +_ship_, in such words as consul_ship_, prætor_ship_, lord_ship_, and +others? + + A. W. H. + +113. _Nullus and Nemo._--I have two old quarto tracts, of eight pages +each, printed, as seems both by the type and by an allusion contained in +one of them, between 1520 and 1530, or thereabouts. They are part of a +satirical controversy, the subject of which is very obscure, between +_Nemo_ of Wittemberg, and _Nullus_ of Leipsic. Though printed, we must +suppose, at the two places, the opponents have evidently clubbed for a +woodcut to be common to the two title-pages. + +In this cut an unfortunate householder stands in an attitude of despair, +surrounded by what are as much in our day as in his the doings of +_nobody_, as broken crockery, hardware, &c. In the distance his kitchen +is visible, in which two nobodies are busy with his meat and wine. A +young woman is carrying an infant to the priest to be baptized; and from +the way in which the worthy man holds up his finger, we may fear she has +just confessed that it is nobody's child. Can any of your readers give +any information? + + M. + +114. _The noblest Object of the Work of Art._--Can any of your readers +discover the answer to the adjoining riddles which I have met with, +though I neither know its author nor answer?-- + + "The noblest object of the work of art, + The brightest gem that nature can impart, + The point essential in the tenant's lease, + The well-known signal in the time of peace, + The farmer's comfort when he holds the plough, + The soldier's duty and the lover's vow, + The planet seen between the earth and sun, + The prize that merit never yet hath won, + The miser's idol and the badge of Jews, + The wife's ambition and the parson's dues. + If now your noble spirit can divine, + A corresponding word for every line, + By the first letters plainly will be shown, + An ancient city of no small renown." + + A. W. H. + +115. _Poulster._--Can any one inform me if I am right in supposing that +this word, used in the reign of George I. as an addition expressing +trade, is the same as our _upholsterer_? + + D. X. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Reverend Cæsar de Missy._--Can you furnish me with any particulars +respecting the Rev. Cæsar de Missy? Bishop Middleton, in his work on the +Greek article, quotes once or twice some MS. notes of his, now in the +British Museum; and a rare edition of the Septuagint (Basil, 1545), now +in my possession, contains his autograph under date Londini, 1745. I +have not met with his name in any biographical work, and should +therefore be obliged by any information respecting his life and works. + + QUIDAM. + + [Cæsar de Missy, a learned Prussian divine, was born at Berlin, + 1703. Having settled in England, he was appointed in 1762 to be + one of the French chaplains to George III., and died 1773. His + valuable library, which was sold by Baker and Leigh in 1778, + consisted of many books enriched with his MS. notes, some of which + were purchased for his Majesty's library, some for the British + Museum, and some by Dr. Hunter, who also bought several of his + manuscripts. A biographical account of De Missy will be found in + Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_, under _De Missy_ and a list + of his works in Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_, art. _Missy_.] + +_F. Beaumont and Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. ii., p. 263.).--"An acre sown with +royal seed," &c. Would M. W. kindly say _where_ the passage in Beaumont +is to be found? + + C. P. E. + + [The passage occurs in the poem entitled "On the Tombs in + Westminster Abbey." See Beaumont and Fletcher's _Works_, vol. ii. + p. 709. edit. 1840.] + +"_Carve out Dials._"-- + + "----Carve out dials, quaintly, point by point, + Thereby to set the minutes, how they run, + How many make the Hour full, complete; + How many hours bring about the Day." + +Where is the above quotation from? It heads an advertisement of the _Sam +Slick Clocks_. + + G. CREED. + + [It will be found in Shakspeare's _King Henry VI._, Part III. Act + II. Sc. 5.] + +_Log Book._--What is the origin of _Log Book_? + + G. CREED. + + [The Log _board_ no doubt gave rise to the Log _book_, as being + more convenient for preserving a record of the ship's course, + winds, and weather. Consult Falconer's _Dictionary of the + Marine_.] + +_Lord Clydesdale._--Would you kindly inform me who was the "Lord Mar. +Clydesdale," or "Clidsdale," whose name appears as a commoner of St. +Mary's College, Winchester, in 1735; and in other Rolls about that date? + + MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + +P.S. May I in your columns beg all Wykehamists to send to me, under care +of my publisher, any information concerning their old school? + + [James, Marquis of Clydesdale, was afterwards fifth Duke of + Hamilton, and second Duke of Brandon. See Douglas' _Peerage of + Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 473. 722.] + +"_Time is the Stuff of which Life is made._"--There is a phrase, "Time +is the stuff that life is made of," which has been taken for a line of +Shakspeare. A reference to Mrs. Clark's _Concordance_ shows that that +supposition is erroneous. Can any of your readers inform me where the +phrase may be found? + + H. + + [It occurs in Dr. Franklin's _Works_, vol. iii. p. 454., edit. + 1806, in the article "The Way to Wealth, as clearly shown in the + Preface of an old Pennsylvania Almanack, intitled, Poor Richard + Improved." He says, "But dost thou love life, then do not squander + time, for that is the stuff life is made of, as Poor Richard + says." Franklin may have quoted it from some previous author.] + +"_Yet forty Days_" (Jonah iii. 4.)--"Yet forty days and Nineveh shall be +overthrown."--Septuagint (Baxter's edition) "Ἔτι Ï„Ïεῖς +ἥμεÏαι," &c.: "Yet _three_ days."--How is this? + + NEDLAM. + + [ΤÏεῖς is the common reading of the LXX. as ××¨×‘×¢×™× + of the Hebrew. We know of no variants. J. H. Michaelis' + account of the matter is, "Perperam vero LXX. hunc + _quadragenarium_ dierum numerum in _triduanum_ commutarunt."] + +_The Empress Helena._--Most readers of general history are aware that +the parentage of the renowned mother of the still more renowned +Constantine has been claimed for two widely different sources,--a +British king on the one hand, and an innkeeper of Bithynia on the other. +In favour of the former, we have Geoffrey of Monmouth, Carte the English +historian, and modern Welsh authors; for the latter, Gibbon and his +authorities. The object of the present Query is threefold: 1. Will some +one having access to Geoffrey be kind enough to favour me (in the +original or a translation) with the exact statement of the chronicler to +which Gibbon refers? 2. Are writers of intelligence and credit quite +agreed that the tradition which assigns to the wife of Constantius a +royal British parentage was "invented in the darkness of monasteries?" +3. Where is the question--one of interest in many ways--fully and +satisfactorily discussed? + + H. + + [The statement will be found in Geoffrey's _British History_, book + v. ch. 6.:--"After the decease of Coel, a petty prince of + Caercolvin [Colchester], Constantius himself was crowned, and + married the daughter of Coel[7], whose name was Helena. She + surpassed all the ladies of the country in beauty, as she did all + others of the time in her skill in music and the liberal arts. Her + father had no other issue to succeed him on the throne; for which + reason he was very careful about her education, that she might be + better qualified to govern the kingdom. Constantius, therefore, + having made her partner of his bed, had a son by her called + Constantine." Thus far Geoffrey; and with him agree Baronius, + Ussher, Stillingfleet, and Camden. The learned Lipsius' opinion of + this tradition, in his letter to Mr. Camden, will be found in his + _Epistles_, page 64. The traditions, however, is not mentioned by + Gildas, Nennius, or Bede. Our correspondent will find a long + discussion on this disputed point in Alban Butler's _Lives of the + Saints_, August 18, Art. "S. Helen." See also Tillemont, _Hist. + des Empereurs_, t. iv.] + + [Footnote 7: This petty king is probably the hero of the old + popular ditty: + + "Old King Coel, + Was a merry old soul," &c.] + + + + +Replies. + + +ROYAL LIBRARY. + +(Vol. iii., P. 427.; Vol. iv., p. 69.) + +I have delayed contradicting the stories told about the Royal Library in +the _Quarterly Review_ of last December, and repeated in the +_Illustrated Boswell_, and, I am sorry to say, still more gravely and +circumstantially reproduced by the Editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES." I have +delayed, I say, until I was enabled to satisfy myself more completely as +to one of the allegations of _your_ Note. I can now venture to assure +you that the whole story of the projected sale to Russia is absolutely +unfounded; and that the Princess Lieven, whose supposed agency is the +gist of the story, never heard a syllable about it, till my inquiry +brought it to her notice, and that she has given it the most absolute +contradiction. As there never was any such proposition, I need not say +that the interference against it attributed to Mr. Heber and Lord +Sidmouth is equally unfounded. The real history of the affair is +this:--Mr. Nash, the architect, had rendered himself very agreeable to +George IV. by his alterations and additions to the Pavilion at Brighton, +and he managed to obtain (somewhat irregularly, I believe) the job of +altering old Buckingham House, which was originally intended, or at +least proposed, to be only an extensive repair and more commodious +arrangement of the existing edifice. Under that notion, Mr. Nash had +little difficulty in persuading the king that the space occupied by so +large a library could not be spared for that purpose, if the house was +to be arranged as a _palace_ both for private residence and for purposes +of state; and as there was a very great jealousy in Parliament of the +expense of Buckingham House, he was afraid to propose the erection of an +additional building to receive the books. It was then that the scheme +was hit on, I know not exactly by whom (but I believe by Mr. Nash), of +giving the books to the British Museum. The principal part of the +library occupied three large rooms, two oblong and one an octagon. The +former were to have been absorbed into the living apartments, and the +octagon was to be preserved as a _chapel_, which it was proposed to +adorn with the seven _cartoons_ of Raphael from Hampton Court. All +these, and several other schemes, vanished before Mr. Nash's larger +views and increased favour, which led by degrees to the total +destruction of the old house, and the erection of an entirely new +palace, which however retains strong evidence of the occasional and +piecemeal principle on which it was begun. But in the meanwhile the +library was gone. _I know_ that some members of the government were very +averse to this disposal of the library: they thought, and _strongly +represented_, that a royal residence should, not be without a library; +and that this particular collection, made especially _ad hoc_, should +not have been, on any pretence, and above all on one so occasional and +trivial, diverted from its original destination. It is very possible +that Mr. Heber may have expressed this opinion; and I think I may say +that Lord Sidmouth certainly did so: but, on the other hand, some of the +king's advisers were not sorry to see the collection added to the Museum +_pro bono publico_; and so the affair concluded,--very unsatisfactorily, +as I thought and think, as regards the crown, to whom this library ought +to have been an heirloom; and indeed I doubt whether it was not so in +point of law. It is likely enough that the gift of the library may have +been _partly_ prompted by a hope of putting the public in better humour +as to the expenses of Buckingham House; but the idea of a _sale to +Russia_ never, I am sure, entered the head of any of the parties. + + C. + + +THE "EISELL" CONTROVERSY. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 64. 135.) + +I can easily suppose, after the space you have given to J. S. W. (Vol. +iv., p. 64.) to sum up on the long-protracted controversy of the +_Eisell_ interpretation, that you will scarcely permit it to be renewed. +J. S. W.'s judgment, though given with much amenity and fulness, I +cannot think satisfactory, as towards its close he evidently sinks into +the advocate. + +Theobald, a most admirable annotator, has narrowed the controversy very +properly, to the consideration whether Hamlet was here proposing +possibilities or impossibilities. J. S. W. dwells on the whole of the +dialogue between Hamlet and Laertes as a rant; and sinks all the lines +and passages that would bring it down to sanity. But this seems to line +singularly unjust. Imprimis, Hamlet is not enraged like Laertes, "who +hath a dear sister lost," and is a very choleric, impetuous, and +arrogant young gentleman. It is this quality which irritates Hamlet, who +is otherwise in the whole of this scene in a particularly moralising and +philosophic mood, and is by no means "splenetic and rash." Hamlet, a +prince, is openly cursed by Laertes: he is even seized by him, and he +still only remonstrates. There is anything but rant in what he (Hamlet) +says; he uses the most homely phrases; so homely that there is something +very like scorn in them: + + ---- "What wilt thou _do_ for her?" + +is the quietude of contempt for Laertes' insulting rant; and so, if my +memory deceive me not, the elder Kean gave it; "_Do_ for her" being put +in contrast with Laertes' braggadocio _say_. Then come the +possibilities: + + "Woul't weep, fight, fast, tear thyself," + +(All, be it noted, common lover's tricks), + + "Would drink up eisell, eat a crocodile, + I'll do't." + +Now the eating a crocodile is the real difficulty, for that looks like +an impossibility but then, no doubt, the crocodile, like all other +monstrous things, was in the pharmacopœia of the time, and was +considered the most revolting of eatables. Eat a crocodile, does not +mean a whole raw one, but such as the alligator mentioned in the shop of +Romeo's apothecary, probably preserved in spirits. + +Here we have possibilities put against the rant of Laertes; _the doing_ +against _the saying_; the quietude of the philosophic prince, against +the ranting of the robustious Laertes; things that _could be done_,--for +Hamlet ends with "I'll do it." That is, he will weep, fight, fast, tear +himself, drink bitterness, and eat monstrosities: and this is his +challenge of Laertes to the true testimony of his love, in contrast to +his wordy lamentation. But his quick imagination has caught an impetus +from its own motion, and he goes on, "Nay, I will even outprate you;" +and then follows his superior rant, not uttered with sincere vehemence, +but with quiet and philosophic scorn; and he ends with the reproof of +Laertes' mouthing; a thing particularly distasteful to him. And now, in +accordance with this dignified contempt is his final remonstrance and +his exit speech of-- + + "I lov'd you ever; but it is no matter; + Let Hercules himself," &c. + +We thus see that there is no real rant in Hamlet; he is not outbragging +Laertes; but institutes the possible, in contradiction to swagger and +mouthing. The interpretation of _eisell_ thus becomes a matter of +character, and to a great degree would determine an actor's mode of +rendering the whole scene. This result I do not see that any of your +correspondents have taken notice of; and yet it really is the main thing +worth discussing. + +This interpretation too has the advantage of coinciding with +Shakspeare's perpetual love of contrast; the hot, hasty, wordy Laertes +being in strong contrast to the philosophic, meditating, and melancholy +young prince; always true to his character, and ever the first in every +scene by his own calm dignity. He never rants at all, but rides over his +antagonist by his cool reasoning and his own magnificent imagination. +The adoption of Theobald and Hickson's interpretation of the word +_eisell_ becomes therefore of great importance as indicating the +character of Hamlet. + + F. G. T. + +Many of your readers no doubt feel much indebted to your correspondent +for his able summary of the _eisell_ controversy; an example which it is +to be hoped will be followed in other cases. It has induced me to +collect a few passages for the purpose of showing that Shakspeare was +accustomed to make use of what may be termed _localisms_, which were +frequently as occult as in the instance of the _eisell_; and that he was +especially fond of establishing himself with the children of his brain +in the particular country by means of allusion to the neighbouring seas +and rivers. What appropriate signs are the Centaur and the Phœnix for +the city of Ephesus, the scene of the _Comedy of Errors_! The Italian, +Iachimo, speaks of-- + + "---- lips as common as the stairs + That mount the capitol." + +And Petruchio alludes to the bursting of "a chestnut in a farmer's +fire," an incident probably of common occurrence in the sunny south. In +_Hamlet_, with which we are chiefly concerned, the king "gulps his +draughts of _Rhenish_ down;" and the grave-digger talks of a flagon of +_Rhenish_ having been poured by the jester upon his head, the wine with +which Denmark would naturally be supplied. His majesty inquires: + + "Where are the _Switzers_? let them guard the door." + +And the student Horatio is judiciously placed at the university of +Wittenburg. Constant mention is made in _The Merchant of Venice_ of the +Rialto; and Portia, not unmindful of the remarkable position of the +city, thus directs Balthazar: + + "Bring them, I pray thee, with imagin'd speed + Unto the tranect, to the common ferry + Which trades to Venice." + +What a fine Hebraism (Hazlitt remarks) is that of Shylock, where he +declares, that he would not have given his ring "for a whole wilderness +of monkeys!" And so, if the subjoined passage in _Othello_ relates to +the ceremony of the Doge's union with the sea, may we not exclaim "What +an admirable Venetianism!" + + "I would not my unhoused free condition + Put into circumscription and confine + For the sea's worth." + +The Moor has not travelled far to find the following simile: + + "Like to the Pontick sea, + Whose icy current and compulsive course + Ne'er feels retiring ebb, but keeps due on + To the Propontick and the Hellespont." + +Petruchio asserts in respect to Catherine: + + "---- Were she as rough + As are the swelling Adriatic waves, + I come to wive it wealthily in Padua." + +In the Roman plays the Tiber is repeatedly noticed. The Thames occurs in +_Merry Wives of Windsor_, and others. And in the Egyptian scenes of +_Antony and Cleopatra_, the Nile is several times introduced. + + "Master Brook [says Falstaff], I will be thrown into Etna, as I + have been into Thames, ere I will leave her thus." + +Antony exclaims: + + "Let Rome in Tiber melt!" + +while Cleopatra gives utterance to the same sentiment: + + "Melt Egypt into Nile! And kindly creatures + Turn all to serpents!" + +In the last two passages it may be observed, that the hyperbolical +treatment of the two rivers bears some analogy to that of the _eisell_; +and it may also be pointed out, that although one of your correspondents +has rashly maintained that the word cannot mean a river because the +definite article is omitted before it, Thames, Tiber, and Nile here +occur without. Upon the whole it must appear that there is some reason +for adopting the motto: + + "Flow on, thou shining river." + + T. + +_Eisell_ will, I think, if examples from our old writers decide, be at +least acknowledged to mean in Shakspeare what we now (improperly?) call +vinegar, and not any river. In _The Goolden Letanye of the Lyf and +Passion of our Lorde Jesu Criste_, edited from a MS. (No. 546.) in the +library at Lambeth, by Mr. Maskell, _Monumenta Ritualia_, ii. 252., +comes this entreaty:-- + + "For thi thirste and tastyng of gall and _eysyl_, graunte us to + tast the swetnes of thi spirite; and have mercy on us." + +All through the sixteenth century, and ages before, _eisell_ was not +only a housewife's word, but in every one's mouth--in the poet's as he +sang, the preacher's as he preached, and the people's while they prayed. +Surely, for this very reason, if Shakspeare meant Hamlet to rant about a +river, the bard would never have made the king choose, before all +others, that very one which bore the same name with the then commonest +word in our tongue: a tiny stream, moreover, which, if hardly ever +spoken of in these days of geographical knowledge, must have been much +less known then to Englishmen. + + DA. ROCK. + + Buckland, Faringdon. + +Your correspondent J. S. W. well deserves the thanks of all those of +your readers who have taken an interest in the discussion on the meaning +of _eisell_ in _Hamlet_, for the able manner in which he has summed up +the evidence put forward by the counsel on both sides. Perhaps he is +correct in his conclusion, that, of twelve good men and true, nine would +give their verdict for _eisell_ being "a river;" while but three would +favour the "bitter potion." Nevertheless, I must say, I think the +balance yet hangs pretty even, and I rather incline myself to the latter +opinion, for these reasons: + +1. There is no objection whatever, even in the judgment of its enemies, +against _eisell_ meaning "a bitter potion," except that they _prefer_ +the river as more to their taste; for the objection of MR. CAUSTON I +conceive to have no weight at all, that "to drink up" can only be +applied "to a definite quantity;" surely it may also mean, and very +naturally, to drink "without stint." And _eisell_ need not be taken as +meaning nothing more than "vinegar;" it may be a potion or medicament of +extreme bitterness, as in the 111th sonnet, and in Lydgate's _Troy Boke_ +quoted by MR. SINGER, such, that while it would be possible to sip or +drink it in small quantities, or diluted, yet to swallow a quantity at a +draught would be almost beyond endurance; and hence, I submit, the +appropriateness of "drink up." + +2. There is this objection against _eisell_ meaning a river,--Would the +poet who took a world-wide illustration from _Ossa_, refer in the same +passage to an obscure local river for another illustration? Moreover it +does not appear to be sufficient to find any mere river, whose name +resembles the word in question, without showing also that there is a +propriety in Hamlet's alluding, to that particular river, either on +account of its volume of water, its rapid flow, &c., or from its being +in sight at the time he spoke, or near at hand. + +Can any of your readers, who have Shakspeare more at their fingers' ends +than myself, instance any _exact parallel_ of this allusion of his to +_local_ scenery, which, being necessarily obscure, must more or less mar +the universality, if I may so speak, of his dramas. Could such instances +be pointed out (which I do not deny) or at least any one exactly +parallel instance, it would go far towards reconciling myself at least +to the notion that _eisell_ is the river Essel. + + H. C. K. + + ---- Rectory, Hereford, July 28. + + +LORD MAYOR NOT A PRIVY COUNCILLOR. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 9. 137.) + +I will not attempt to follow all the statements of L. M., because some +of them are totally beside the question, and others contradict each +other. I shall only observe that he totally mistakes _my_ argument when +he says, as if in reply to me, that _it is not necessary to have the +courtesy title of lord to be a privy councillor_. No one ever said any +such thing. What I said was this, that the Mayor of London, like those +of Dublin and York, had the courtesy title of _lord_, and that this +title of _lord_ brought with it the other courtesy designation of _right +honorable_, which latter being _also_ (but not _likewise_) the +designation of privy councillors, had, as I suppose, occasioned the +error now predicated of the Mayor of London being a privy councillor, +which, I repeat, he is no more than any Lord John or Lady Jane, who have +also the title of Right Honorable. + +L. M., however, states as a matter of fact, that "the Lord Mayor is +always _summoned to council_ on the accession of a new sovereign." Now I +assert, and I think have proved in my former note, that the Lord Mayor +never was so _summoned to council_. I now add that he never has on any +occasion entered the _council chamber_, that he has never taken the oath +nor performed any act of a privy councillor, and that in short there is +not the smallest doubt with any one who knows anything about the Privy +Council, that the _Lord Mayor of London_ no more belongs to it than the +_Lord Mayors of York or Dublin_, or the _Lord Provost of Edinburgh_, all +of whom are equally styled Right Honorable, which title, I repeat, is +the sole and silly pretence of this new-fangled hypothesis. + + C. + + +"HOUSE OF YVERY." + +(Vol. iv., pp. 101. 136.) + +Observing the imperfect knowledge which Lowndes and your correspondents +apparently have of the work called Anderson's _House of Yvery_, I send +you a few Notes to clear up some points. + +It may be said there were two editions of this work; one containing the +censorious comments of (I presume) Lord Egmont on the degraded state of +the peerage; the second, that in which those comments were cancelled. To +the first, no printer's name appeared in the title-page; to the second +is the name of "H. Woodfall, jun." + +Lowndes has entirely mistaken the origin of the different paging in vol. +i. The fact is, the original edition of the Introduction contained 41 +pages of text, but the cancels reduced that number to 37; which p. 37., +as Lowndes correctly remarks, is in the second edition misprinted 29. I +possess both copies, with and without the cancels. By Lowndes we are led +to believe that only p. xxxvii. was destroyed; but in truth they are p. +xvi., and parts of pp. xv. and xvii., and nearly the whole of pp. +xxxv.-vi., containing the anecdotes of the tailor's son and the +apothecary's brother-in-law being sent, or intended to be sent, to +foreign courts, as ambassadors from England. Another cancel occurs in +vol. ii., of nearly the whole of pp. 444-5-6, which occasions Lowndes to +say that pp. 446-7 are missing. The duplicate pages 453 to 460 are +peculiar to the second edition only. One of my copies contains two +additional plates, one of Wardour Castle, the other of Acton Burnell, +evidently engraved for the work. The map of the baronies of Duhallow, +&c., is only in one copy, viz. the original edition. Unfortunately, this +original edition wants all the portraits of Faber, but it has the tomb +of Richard Percival of 1190, beginning "Orate," as in Lowndes. It +contains also a duplicate portrait of Sir Philip Percival, engraved by +Toms in 1738 (who also engraved the Wardour and Acton Burnell Castles); +and this duplicate is also in the other copy. + +Were I to form any judgment when this work was commenced, I should say +about 1738, and that all the engravings for it were done by Toms; and +the first edition was printed in 1742, without any printer's name, and +that some copies were so bound up. The other copies remained in sheets +until the next year, when Faber was employed to engrave the portraits, +and till 1744 or 1747; 1747 being the latest date of Faber's plates. +There is some curious information in these volumes, and I would +recommend your readers to observe how much the conduct of the Catholics +of Ireland, recorded in vol. ii. p. 271., resembles that of the +Catholics of the present day. + + P. + + +ON "RACK" IN THE TEMPEST. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 37. 121.) + +I think A. E. B. has not understood MR. HICKSON'S argument in reference +to this word. Perhaps the latter may not have expressed himself very +clearly; and not having by me his original paper on the subject, I +cannot cite his exact words; but his argument I take to be to this +effect:--In construction of the passage there is a double comparison, +which, though perfectly clear to the intelligent reader, causes some +confusion when a doubt is first raised as to the meaning of the word, +and which can be cleared up only by a thorough analysis. "The +cloud-capp'd towers," &c., are first compared with "the baseless fabric +of this vision," _like which_ they "shall dissolve," and afterwards with +"this insubstantial pageant," _like which_ (_having "faded"_) they shall +"leave not a rack behind." A given object can be said to "leave behind" +only that which was originally of its elements, and for this reason only +a general term such as _wreck_ or _vestige_ will accord with the +construction of the passage. + +I am sorry to find that any one should misquote Shakspeare for the +purpose of obtaining a temporary triumph: probably, however, in the +instance I am about to cite, A. E. B. has really fallen into the common +error of regarding two similes as one. He says, giving the substance of +Shakspeare's passage, "the globe itself shall dissolve, and, like this +vision, leave not a wreck behind." What Shakspeare in substance _does_ +say is, "The globe itself, _like this vision_, shall dissolve, and, +_like this faded pageant, shall_ leave not a rack behind." A. E. B.'s +question, therefore, "in what was the resemblance to the vision to +consist, if not in melting, like it, into thin air?" is thus answered: +The resemblance _does_ consist in _dissolving_, or "melting" away. + +My object in making these remarks is not to express an opinion on one +side or the other, but to draw the attention of your readers to the real +question at issue. I therefore say nothing as to whether Shakspeare may +or may not have had a prevision of the nebular theory; though I cannot +see that this would be in the least affected by our decision as to the +meaning of this word, since the _wrack_ or _wreck_ of the world might +well be represented by the "vapour" for which A. E. B. contends. As, +however, this gentleman says such is its meaning "beyond all doubt," (a +rather dogmatic way of settling the question, by the way, seeing that a +doubt had been thrown upon it in the very paper he has engaged himself +to answer,) I should like to be informed if there is any authority for +the use of the word in Shakspeare, or his cotemporaries, as _mere_ +"haze" or "vapour." I have generally understood it to mean a +_particular_ description of cloud, or, as some say, more properly, the +course of the clouds in motion. + +In fine, as Prospero did undoubtedly point to the dissolution of the +globe and all that it contained, it is quite clear that it could in such +case leave neither "cloud" nor "vapour," nor anything else behind it. +The simple question then remains: Is the word _rack_, as elsewhere used +by Shakspeare and his contemporaries, logically applicable there? + + A LOOKER-ON. + + Dawlish, Aug. 16. 1851. + +_Wolken Zug, English Term corresponding to._--Coleridge (_Death of +Wallenstein_, Act V. Sc. 1.) gives the lines-- + + "Fast fly the clouds, the sickle of the moon + Struggling, darts snatches of uncertain light." + +as a translation of + + "---- schnell geht + Der Wolken Zug: die Mondessichel wankt + Und durch die Nacht zuckt ungewisse Helle." + +In a note on this passage he says: + + "The words _wanken_ and _schweben_ are not easily translated. The + English words by which we attempt to render them are either vulgar + or pedantic, or not of sufficiently general application. So 'der + Wolken Zug,' the draft, the procession of clouds, the masses of + the clouds sweep onward in swift _stream_." + +On reading this, it struck me that the English word _rack_ exactly +expresses the meaning of "der Wolken Zug." + +Malone, in his note on the _Tempest_, Act IV. Sc. 1., says: + + "_Rack_ is generally used for a _body of clouds_, or rather for + _the course of clouds in motion_." + +I add a few instances of the use of this word, many of which are +collected in the note I have referred to. + +In _Antony and Cleopatra_-- + + "That which is now a horse, even with a thought + The _rack_ dislimns." + +In Fletcher's _Faithful Shepherdess_-- + + "shall I stray + In the middle air, and stay + The sailing _rack_." + +In Dryden's tenth _Æneid_-- + + "the doubtful _rack_ of heaven + Stands without motion." + +The term _scud_, used by sailors, seems to express the same idea. + + X. Z. + + +RICHARD ROLLE OF HAMPOLE. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 49. 116.) + +The productions of the writer known by the name of the Hermit of Hampole +have been hitherto much neglected: they afford copious illustrations of +ancient manners, and are very valuable in a philological point of view. +I would especially name the _Speculum Vitæ, or Mirrour of Life_, of +which I possess two MSS. in entirely distinct dialects. + +Your Cambridge correspondent has shown that the Metrical Sermons contain +interesting passages also illustrative of manners and as the extracts he +has made have given occasion to some glossarial Queries from an Oxford +correspondent, J. E., should they not be more satisfactorily answered by +C. H., to whom they are addressed, perhaps the following attempt to +resolve them may not be unacceptable. + +1. By the _devenisch_ most probably the _Danish_ is meant, which we find +elsewhere written _Deniske_, _Daniske_, and _Danske_. + +2. _Guystroun_ should be _quystroun_, which is used by Chaucer in the +_Romaunt of the Rose_, and signifies a _scullion_, as is evident from +this passage. It is from the O. Fr. _quistron_ or _cuistron_. Thus in K. +Alisaunder (Weber's _Metr. Rom._), v. 2511.: + + "Ther n'as knave no _quistron_ + That he no hadde gôd waryson." + +3. By _Chaunsemlees_ we may probably understand _schoon-semeles_, +signifying, no doubt, _sandals_. + +4. "Hir chere was ay _semand_ sori," which your correspondent says is +"an expression very strange to English verse," is nothing more than the +old form of _seeming_: her cheer was ever sorrowful or _sad-seeming_. +The termination _and_ or _ande_, as well as _inde_, was formerly used +where we now have _ing_. Examples are numerous of this form; as _semand_ +and _semynd_, _spekand_, _strikinde_, &c. &c. + +In Gawin Douglas, _Eneados_, we have _glaidsembland_ for an appearance +of joy or gladness, a _cheerful countenance_; and in b. ii. v. 159.: + + "As that drery unarmyt wicht was sted + And with _eine_[8] blent about _semyn ful red_." + + [Footnote 8: Your correspondent's extract has _ane_; but _eyes_ + are evidently meant.] + +There are other words which appear in an uncommon form in these +extracts, for instance, _telid_ and _telith_, _hirched_ and _hirching_; +and the following plural form I do not recollect to have observed +elsewhere: + + "For ser deyntes and many _mes_ + Make men falle in many _sicknes_." + +In the last line of the first page, _Salhanas_ should be _Sathanas_: + + "And so slew Jesu Sathanas," + +reminding us of the tradition mentioned by DR. RIMBAULT, "the Devil died +when Christ _suffered_," not when he was _born_. + + S. W. Singer. + + Mickleham, Aug. 18. 1851. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Lady Flora Hastings' Bequest_ (Vol. iii., pp. 443. 522.; Vol. iv., pp. +44. 92. 108.).--ERZA regrets extremely the mistake she has made with +regard to the above poem. The person from whom, and the circumstances +under which she received it, all tended to confirm her in her error till +the last moment--with which, if the authoress of this beautiful poem +were acquainted, ERZA is sure she would be forgiven. + + [To these regrets on the part of ERZA we have to add the + expression of our own that our columns should have been made the + medium of a statement which it is obvious originated in error. We + regret also that, after the contradictions given to the first + statement, ERZA should, without a positive knowledge of the real + facts of the case, have reiterated in such strong terms the claims + of Lady Flora Hastings to the authorship of a poem which it is now + quite clear is really the production of Miss Barber.] + +"_The Right Divine of Kings to govern wrong_" (Vol. iv., p. 125).--I +cannot concur in MR. CROSSLEY'S conjecture that the _marks of quotation_ +affixed to this line in the eighteenth book of the _Dunciad_ may have +been a mere _error of the press_; because, in the first place, I do not +find that the _Dunciad_ is more negligently printed than other works of +the day. I should say rather less so; but (which is more important) any +one who will look at the successive editions will, I think, be satisfied +that the _remarkable typography_ of the line, carefully reproduced in +_all_, could not be accidental. This matter is less trifling than it at +first sight may seem, because there are several lines in Pope's works +similarly marked as quotations, on which questions have arisen; and my +belief is that everything so marked will turn out to have really been a +_quotation_, though in this case, and in that other, + + "No Lord's anointed but a Russian bear," + +we have, as yet, failed to find the original. + + C. + +_Fairlight Church_ (Vol. iv., p. 57.).--The old church was Early +English; the original windows were lancet-shaped. It was built, like all +the adjoining churches, of stone; but it had been repaired with brick, +and the roof of the tower had been covered with tiles instead of +shingles. The earliest brick building in Sussex, after the Roman period, +is Herstmonceux Castle, built by Sir Roger de Fynes, treasurer of the +household to Henry VI. + + W. D. COOPER + +_Dogmatism and Puppyism_ (Vol. iv, p. 102).--The quotation your +correspondent writes about to be found in MR. DOUGLAS JERROLD'S _A Man +Made of Money_, p. 252.: + + "'Robert, my dear,' said Jenny, with the deferential air of a + scholar, 'Robert, what did Mr. Carraways mean when he said he + hated dog--dogmatism?' Topps was puzzled. 'Robert, my dear,' Jenny + urged, 'what--what in the world is dogmatism?' Now it was the + weakness of Topps, never to confess ignorance of anything soever + to his wife. 'A man should never do it,' Topps had been known in + convivial seasons to declare; 'it makes 'em conceited.' Whereupon + Topps prepared himself, as was his wont, to make solemn, + satisfying, answer. Taking off his hat, and smoothing the wrinkles + of his brow, Topps said, 'Humph! what is dogmatism? Why, it is + this, of course: dogmatism is puppyism come to its full growth.'" + + ED. STEANE JACKSON. + + Saffron Walden, Aug. 10. + +_Was Stella Swift's Sister?_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.; Vol. iv., p. +110.).--That Swift was the son of Sir William Temple seems to have been +completely disproved by Mason. Swift was born in Dublin, 30th November, +1667, in the house of his uncle Godwin Swift, who, after the death of +his younger brother, Jonathan, in the preceding April, took charge of +his widow. Sir William Temple appears from his letters to have been +abroad in a public capacity from 1665 to 1670. If therefore, there +existed such consanguinity between Swift and Stella as to be a bar to +their marriage, it must have arisen in some other way. Swift says that +Stella "was born at Richmond in Surrey, on 13th March, 1681; her father +being the younger brother of a good family in Nottinghamshire [Qy. Sir +Wm. Temple? Sheen, where he resided, was close by], her mother of a +lower degree." There can be little doubt that she was illegitimate. The +question arises, who was her mother? On this point the Richmond registry +might perhaps throw some light. _Has it ever been searched?_ In order +that the supposed consanguinity should have existed, her mother must +have been either Swift's mother, Abigail Swift (_née_ Erick) of +Leicestershire, or (what seems more probable) an illegitimate +half-sister of Swift. It has been surmised, however, that an impediment +to Swift's marriage of an entirely different nature from consanguinity +may have existed; or that, feeling himself to be labouring under an +hereditary disease, he may have been unwilling to propagate it. I am +much inclined to think that the objection to the marriage of Swift and +Stella, which certainly must have existed, was of this last description; +and that it would have been equally strong the case of any other +female. However this may be, I believe that full credit may be given to +what Swift has stated respecting the perfect purity of his intercourse +with Stella. + + "I knew her from six years old, and had some share in her + education, by directing what books she should read, and + perpetually instructing her in the principles of honour and + virtue, from which she never swerved in any one action or moment + of her life."--Swift's _Works_, vol ix. p. 489. (_citante_ Mason). + + E. H. D. D. + +_Charles Lamb's Epitaph_ (Vol. iii., pp. 322. 459.).--It has been +suggested to me by a lady who was an intimate friend of Lamb's, that Mr. +Justice Talfourd was the author of this epitaph. The observation, +however, was made without, I believe, any _certain_ knowledge on the +subject. + + COWGILL. + +_Meaning of Carnaby_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.).--ARUN inquires as to the +meaning of Carnaby as the name of a street. Carnaby is a surname +probably deriving from the parish of Carnaby in Yorkshire. It has become +a Christian name in the family of ---- Haggerston, Bart., since the +marriage of an heiress of Carnaby's into that family. + +Streets are often called after proper names. + + † + +_Scandinavian Mythology_ (Vol. ii, p. 141.).--Your correspondent T. J. +has called attention to the tradition-falsifying assertion of Mr. G. +Pigott, that the custom with which the Scandinavians were long +reproached, of drinking out of the skulls of their enemies, has no other +foundation than a blunder of Olaus Wormius in translating a passage in +the death-song of Regner Lodbrog. + +The following extracts from the curious and learned work of Bartholinus, +_De Causis Contemptæ a Danis Adhuc Gentilibus Mortis_, will, I think, +show that the subject deserves further inquiry before we consent to +place this ancient historical tradition in the category of vulgar +errors. Speaking of the banquets of the beatified heroes in Valhalla, +Bartholinus says: + + "Neque tamen ex communi animalium cornu elaborata pocula in + Valhalla viserentur; sacratiora desiderabantur ex cæsorum craniis + inimicorum confecta, quæ apud Danos vel ex Daniâ oriundos, alias + quoque gentes, in summo erant pretio."--Lib. ii. cap. xii. p. 555. + +In proof of this assertion he quotes the following authors; Herodotus +(lib. iv. cap. 65.) and Plato (Euthydemus), who attribute this custom to +the Scythians. Aristotle is supposed to allude to it, _De Repub._ lib. +vii. cap. 2. In the _Historia Miscellanea_, lib. vi., it is mentioned as +a custom of the Scordisci; and similar customs are recorded of the +Panebi by Nicolaus Damascenus, of the Essedones by Solinus and Mela, of +the Boii by Livy (lib iii. cap. 24.), of the Celts by Silius Italicus +(lib. ii.), of the Langobards by Paulus Diaconus (lib. i. cap. 27.). The +last-mentioned author informs us that these skull cups were alled +"scalæ;" upon which Bartholinus remarks-- + + "Unde genus, undeque morem ejusmodi conficiendarum paterarum unde + etiam nomen _scalæ_ iis inditum, ex septentrione nempe traxerunt + Langobardi manifestum facient Vaulundar qvidu. + + "Enn pœr skalar + &c. &c. + h. e. + Crania autem illa + Quæ pericraniis suberant + Argento obduxit et + Nidado tradidit." + + W. B. R. + +_Scandal against Queen Elizabeth_ (Vol. iii., pp. 225. 285. 393.).--I do +not recollect that either of your correspondents on this subject has +brought forward the aspersion upon Queen Elizabeth's fair fame in +precisely the same form in which the Jesuit Sanders places it in the +following passage:-- + + "Hâc Ecclesiæ contra ipsam sententiâ, et Catholicorum novis + incrementis quotidianis, non mediocriter offensa Elizabetha, + convocatis ordinibus, leges valde iracundas et cruentas contra + veteris fidei cultores promulgat: quibus primum cavetur, _ne quis + Elizabetham hæreticam, schismaticam, infidelem, usurpatricemve, + sub pœnâ capitis vocet_. Item. _Ne quis aliam quamcunque certam + personam nominet, cui regnum vel in vitâ, vel post mortem ipsius, + deberi dicatur, exceptâ Elizabethæ naturali prole._ Ea enim sunt + ipsa decreti verba. In eam enim homines vel adulationem vel + necessitatem ita perduxit hæresis, ut quod illud nobilissimum + regnum illegitimæ illius regis sui proli ægre unquam concessit, + nunc _naturali_, id est, _spuriæ_, soboli reginæ in cujus sexu + fornicationis peccatum est fœdius, non denegarint: pariter et + reipublicæ, ex proximi successoris ignoratione, extremum + periculum, et Elizabethæ incontinentiam prodentes."--Nicolai + Sanderi _Hist. Schism. Angl._ lib. iii. § Novæ leges latæ in + Catholicos, ann. 1571, ed. 8vo. Col. Agr. 1628, p. 299. + +To some of your readers this passage may seem to indicate that the use +of the equivocal word _naturali_ may have given colour, not to say +occasion, to the whole scandal against Queen Elizabeth. By many, I +apprehend, it will be acknowledged that _spuriæ_ is not the only, if an +allowable, interpretation. + + J. SANSOM. + + Oxford, July 22. 1851. + +_Meaning of "Deal"_ (Vol. iv., p. 88.).--I think the following may help +to throw a little light upon the use of the word _deal_ as meaning +_divide_. I was in Wensleydale about a month ago; and on inquiring where +the boundary between the North and West Ridings of Yorkshire ran, was +told, "On the top of Penhill, where God's water deals" (_i. e._ the rain +divides). I may further add, on my own knowledge, that in the north-west +corner of Suffolk, where the country is almost entirely open, the +boundaries of the different parishes are marked by earthen mounds, from +three to six feet high, which are known in the neighbourhood as _dools_ +the word being probably derived from the same root. I have been told, +however, that it should be spelled _duals_, and that the derivation of +it was from the Latin _duo_ as marking two parishes; but I am sure that +it is always pronounced by the country-people at a monosyllable, and +therefore the chances are in favour of the former derivation being the +right one. + +_A propos_ to Suffolk, another of your correspondents (Vol. iv., p. 55) +lately mentioned the fashion the people there have of leaving out the +_ve_ in the middle of the names of places. In this I can bear him +witness also; but I do not think it is confined to those letters only: +_e. g._ Eriswell, pronounced _Asel_; Wymondham (in Norfolk) _Wyndham_, +&c. Among those names of places in which the _ve_ is left out, your +correspondent has omitted Elved_e_n (commonly, though erroneously, +Elved_o_n), which is always called and often spelled _Elden_. + + A. N. + +_"The Worm in the Bud," &c._ (Vol. iv., p. 86.).--This quotation is from +Cowper's lines appended to the Bill of Mortality for the parish of All +Saints, Northampton, for 1787: + + "Read, ye that run, the awful truth + With which I charge my page; + A worm is in the bud of youth, + And at the root of age." + +I know not with whom the idea originated. The imagery is frequently used +by Shakspeare, but with him never indicates disease or death. + +I can call to mind no similar expression in the classics. + + H. E. H. + +_Moore's Almanack_ (Vol. iv., p. 74.).--Your correspondent FRANCIS is in +error as to the MSS. and correspondence of Henry Andrews being in the +possession of his son, Mr. Wm. Henry Andrews. Mr. W. H. Andrews some +time ago sold to me the whole of his father's MSS. correspondence, +astronomical and astrological calculations, with a mass of very curious +letters from persons desirous of having their "nativities cast." I have +also some copies of Andrews' portrait, one of which shall be much at +your service. + +Moore's _Almanack_ was known by that name long before Andrews had any +connection with it, but he was for upwards of forty years its compiler +for the Company of Stationers, whose liberal (?) treatment of Andrews +may be collected from the following postscript to a letter addressed to +me by his son:-- + + "My father's calculations, &c., for Moore's _Almanack_, continued + during a period of forty-three years; and although through his + great talent and management he increased the sale of that work + from 100,000 to 500,000, yet, strange to say, all he received for + his services was 25_l._ per ann.!! Yet I never heard him murmur + even once about it; such was his delight in pursuing his favourite + studies, that his anxiety about remuneration was out of the + question. Sir Richard Phillips, who at times visited him at + Royston, once met him in London, and endeavoured to persuade him + to go with him to Stationers' Hall, and he would get him 100_l._; + but he declined going, saying that he was satisfied." + +Andrews was also computer to the Board of Longitude, and Maskelyne's +_Letters_ evidence the value and correctness of his calculations. + +The only materials left by Andrews for a memoir of his life I believe I +possess, and some day I may find leisure to put them into order for +publication. + + ROBT. COLE. + +_Scurvy Ale._--The Query (Vol. iv., p. 68.) "What was scurvy ale?" may +perhaps be answered by an extract from a little work, _The Polar Sea and +Regions_, published by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh. In the account of +Baffin's voyage, in which he discovered the bay called after him +Baffin's Bay, we are told that-- + + "Finding the health of his crew rather declining, he sailed across + to Greenland, where an abundance of _scurvy grass boiled in beer_ + quickly restored them; and the Lord then sent them a speedy and + good passage homeward." + +Johnson explains scurvy-grass as spoonwort. + + W. FRASER. + +_Siege of Londonderry_ (Vol. iv., p. 87.).--Will you have the goodness +to inform your correspondent that I have a pamphlet, printed soon after +the famous siege was over, giving a particular account of it, though it +altogether omits mentioning the name of an ancestor of mine who +distinguished himself in the relief of that place. I shall be happy to +afford E. A. any information or assistance he may require. + + B. G. + +_Salting the Bodies of the Dead_ (Vol. iv., p. 6.), about which MR. +MCCABE asks, is a very old custom in England. Matt. Paris, in his +description of Abbot William's funeral at St. Albans, A.D. 1235, tells +us how-- + + "Corpus apertum est. &c. Et quicquid in corpore repertum est, in + quadam cuna repositum est, sale conspersum. Et in cœmiterio, est + humatum. Corpus autem interius, aceto lotum et imbutum et multo + sale respersum et resutum. Et hoc sic factum est circumspecte et + prudenter, ne corpus per triduum et amplius reservandum, tetrum + aliquem odorem olfacientibus generaret et corpus tumulandum, + contrectantibus aliquod offendiculum praesentaret."--_Vitæ S. + Albani Abbatum_, p. 87. ed. Wats, Paris, 1644. + + DA. ROCK. + + Buckland, July 24. 1851. + +In the 86th and two following sections of the Second Book of Herodotus +is the description of the ancient Egyptian methods of preserving the +bodies of the dead. These were more or less embalmed with aromatic +spices, according to the condition of the person, and then corned with +saltpetre (λιτÏον, _nitre_) for seventy days; strictly, +_salted_. Is it possible that the early Christians, in adopting this +practice, may have been influenced by that very obscure passage, Mark +ix. 49.: "Every one shall be _salted_ with fire?" + + ALFRED GATTY. + +The custom of placing a plate of salt on the body of the dead is very +general in Wales. I remember, when a child, inquiring the reason of the +practice, and being told by an old woman that it was to prevent the body +from swelling. My remark, that _any_ weight might answer the same +purpose, was met by the reply; "there's no weight so heavy as salt gets +when it is on the dead." This proves that some feeling of superstition +mingles with the custom. Has not the use of salt in baptism, amongst the +Italians &c., come allusion to the banishment of the evil spirit? + + SELEUCUS. + +_The Word "Repudiate"_ (Vol. iv., p. 54.).--That the use of the word +_repudiate_, in the sense of refuse, repel, reject, abandon, disown, +cast off, is by no means modern; and that such phrases as "I repudiate +the idea," "I repudiate the sentiment," "I repudiate the proposal," are +strictly correct, is evident from the use of the word by "standard +classical authors" in the original language from which it has come down +to us. Sallust, for instance, in his _History of Catiline's Conspiracy_, +says that Lentulus advised him to seek assistance everywhere, even +amongst the dregs of the populace; asking him at the same time, "Why, +since the senate had already adjudged him to be an enemy to the +republic, he should _repudiate the slaves_?" i. e., refuse to enrol them +in his levies. + + "Cum ab senatu hostis judicatus sit, quo consilio _servitia + repudiet_?"--_Sall. Cat._ 44. + +Cicero, in his Offices, in opposition to the opinion of the peripatetic +school, that anger is implanted in us by nature for useful ends, lays it +down as a principle, that "on all occasions _anger ought to be +repudiated_;" that is, "cast out of the mind," and says that "it is to +be wished that persons who are at the head of the state should be like +the laws, which inflict punishment not in anger but in justice." + + "_Illa_ (iracundia) vero omnibus in rebus _repudianda + est_."--_Cic. de Off._ I. xxv. 13. + +Cicero knew nothing of the Christian grace of "being angry and sinning, +not;" he knew nothing of the severity of love. In another place he tells +us that on one occasion Themistocles declared in the Athenian assembly, +that he had a plan to propose which would be of great advantage to the +state, but ought not to be made public. He was willing, however, to +communicate it to any one person whom they might select. Aristides, +rightly named the Just, being the person selected, Themistocles +disclosed his plan to him: which was, secretly to set fire to the +Lacedæmonian fleet in the dockyard of Gytheum, by which means they would +effectually crush the power of the Lacedæmonians. Aristides returned to +the assembly, and at once declared that Themistocles' plan was certainly +very advantageous, but by no means honourable; whereupon the Athenians, +rightly considering that what was not attended with honour, could not be +attended even with advantage in reality, without hearing another word, +"_repudiated the whole affair_;" that is, utterly rejected the proposal. + + "Itaque Athenienses, quod honestum non esset, id ne utile quidem + putaverunt; _totamque eam rem_, quam ne audierant quidem, auctore + Aristide, _repudiaverunt_."--_Cic. de Off._ III. xi. 12. + +In a third place, he relates that some persons forged a will of one +Minucius Basilus, who had died in Greece; and, in order that they might +the more easily obtain their end, put down Marcus Crassus and Quintus +Hortensius, two of the most influential men in Rome at that time, as +co-legatees with themselves, who although they suspected the will to be +forged, yet did not _repudiate the little legacy_ coming to them through +other persons' fraud, because forsooth they were not privy to the actual +commission of the forgery. + + "Qui cum illud falsum esse suspicarentur, sibi autem nullius + essent conscii culpæ, alieni facinoris _munusculum non + repudiaverunt_."--_Cic. de Off._ III. xviii. 4. + +A little further research might easily multiply instances, but I think +these are quite sufficient to prove that we moderns are but following +the ancients in using the word _repudiate_ without reference to any +_obligation_ expressed or implied. + + F. F. F. + +_Repudiate, Ringlet, Outburst_ (Vol. iv., p. 54.).--Your correspondent +H. C. K. has dealt, I fear, somewhat too harshly with "repudiate." +Surely "repudiare" is "to reject what one is ashamed of, scorns, or +disdains." Two instances immediately suggest themselves in _Cicer. pro +Plancio_, 18 (44). 20 (50). In the former-- + + "Respuerent aures, nemo agnosceret, repudiarent," + +perhaps the word is a gloss upon "respuerunt." The latter, however, is +unexceptionable: + + "Nunquam enim fere nobilitas, integra præsertim atque innocens, a + Populo Romano supplex repudiata fuit." + +Why then should "repudiate" necessarily imply the notion of +"obligation?" and why should I, if I "repudiate" the criticism of H. C. +K., be held to "talk nonsense?" + +May I be allowed room for a couple of Queries? 1. Is our modern usage of +"ringlet" found before the time of Milton? 2. What is the earliest +authority for "outburst?" + + CHARLES THIRIOLD. + + Cambridge, July 29. 1851. + +_On the Letter "v"_ (Vol. iv., p. 55.).--I have read with pleasure the +paragraphs in your "NOTES AND QUERIES" on "the letter _v_," and beg +space for a further notice, with an especial reference to the patronymic +of _Ray_ or _Wray_. One family uses the motto, "Juste et _V_rai," whose +name is _Wray_; and another the same motto, whose name is _Ray_. And it +will be remembered that John Ray, the naturalist, changed the +orthography of his name from _Wray_ to _Ray_, as he concluded it had +been formerly written; and in one of the letters published by the Ray +Society[9], allusion is made to the adjective or substantive _vrai_, as +if that distinguished philosopher and divine had either derived his name +thence, or it had the same signification as that French word. Are we +then to take this as an instance of the silent _v_ or _double u_ or _v_; +and as any proof that families writing their names _Wray_ and _Ray_ were +originally of one patronymic and one common root, and that presumptively +Norman? + + [Footnote 9: Vide the _Correspondence of John Ray_. Edited by + Edwin Lankester, M.D. London, 1848, pp. 65, 66.] + +Under a separate heading, perhaps you will also indulge me with a Query +as to the coat of arms, under the portrait by Bathon, 1760, after W. +Hibbart, of Joannes Rajus, A.M., prefixed to Dr. Derham's _Life of John +Ray_, published by George Scott, M.A. and F.R.S.: London, 1760. The +shield is, gules, on a fesse, between three crescents, three cross +crosslets. Is it inferable that that coat was ever borne by patent or +admissible prescriptive right, by any of his ancestors? Several families +in the north of England, whence his father came, also have registered in +respectable armories crescents against their names. The poor origin of +John Ray is obviated, in some degree, by what is said in a Life of him, +published in _The Portrait Gallery of British Worthies_, by Charles +Knight. I suppose he himself used the armorials in question, and was +related to the family of nearly the same name, bearing crescents, viz. +Reay. + +The glasses of some of your correspondents may assist one more +shortsighted than themselves. + + H. W. G. R., Presbyter, + + and Member of the Ray Society. + + 1. Mead Place, Derby, Aug. 2. 1851. + +I beg leave to correct a remark of W. S. W***. as to _Tiverton_, Devon, +which was never pronounced _Terton_; it is Twiverton, near Bath, which +is pronounced _Twerton_. + + S. S. + +_"Whig" and "Tory"_ (Vol. iv., p. 57.).--The name "Whig" is derived from +the Celtic _ugham_, a sort of large saddle, with bags attached to it, in +use among the freebooters of the borders of Scotland: hence those +robbers were known to the Highlanders by the name of _Whiggam-more_, or +"big-saddle thieves;" and when the Civil War broke out, the Highlanders +and Irish, who supported the king, called themselves _a taobh Righ_, _i. +e._ "the king's party," and gave the name of _Whiggamore thieves_ to +their opponents. _Whiggammore_ and _taobh Righ_ soon became shortened to +_Whig_ and _Tory_, and in aftertimes served to distinguish the +supporters of the rival houses of Hanover and Stuart. The modern +signification of the terms is different, _Whig_ being taken to mean +"liberal," and _Tory_ "exclusive." + + FRAS. CROSSLEY. + +_Planets of the Months_ (Vol. iv., p. 23.).--I do not understand this +Query. What is meant by "planets for the months?" There are twelve +months, and in common parlance only seven planets. Nor do I see what is +meant by "precious stones symbolizing _those_ planets." In heraldry, the +arms of sovereigns and royal personages are blazoned by the names of the +sun, moon, and planets, for colours, as those of noblemen are by +precious stones. If this is what is asked after, the following table +will explain it:-- + + _Colours._ _Pr. Stones._ _Planets._ + Or Topaz Sol + Argent Pearl Luna + Sable Diamond Saturn + Gules Ruby Mars + Azure Sapphire Jupiter + Vert Emerald Venus + Purpure Amethyst Mercury + + C. + +_Baronets of Ireland_ (Vol. iv., p. 44.).--The two following extracts +may throw some light upon the origin of the title of baronet. James I. +probably adopted this title, which he found to have been so long +existing in Ireland, for the new order of nobility he was about to +establish. And it should be remembered that the order of baronet was +instituted for the purpose of promoting the plantation of Ulster. + +The names mentioned in the second extract are probably those of the +baronets whom Spenser mentions as being, in existence in his time. There +was, thirty years ago, a "Baron of Galtrim;" perhaps there is still. + + EUDOX: "You say well, for by the increase of Freeholders, their + numbers hereby will be greatly augmented; but how should it passe + through the higher house, which still must consiste all of Irish?" + + IREN: "Marry, that also may bee redressed by ensample of that + which I heard was done in the like case by King Edward III. (as I + remember), who being greatly bearded and crossed by the Lords of + the cleargie, they being there [_i. e._ in the Parliament of + _Ireland_] by reason of the Lords Abbots, and others, too many and + too strong for him, so as hee could not for their frowardnesse + order and reforme things as hee desired, was advised to direct out + his writts to certaine Gentlemen of the best ability and trust, + entitling them therein Barons, to serve and sitt as Barons in the + next Parlament. By which meanes hee had so many Barons in his + Parlament, as were able to weigh down the Cleargie and their + friends: the which Barons, they say, were not afterwards Lords, + but onely Baronets, as sundry of them doe yet retayne the + name."--Spenser's "View of the State of Ireland," in the _Ancient + Irish Histories_, Dublin Edition, 1809, pp. 223, 224. + + "BARONETS. + + "Seint Leger, Baronet of Slemarge, meere Irish. + Den, Baronet of Por man ston, waxing Irish. + Fitz Gerald, Baronet of Burnchurch. + Welleslye, Baronet of Narraghe. + [Ancestor of the Duke of Wellington.] + Husee, Baronet of Galtrim. + S. Michell, Baronet of Reban. + Marwarde, Baronet of Scryne. + Nangle, Baronet of Navan." + + Campion's "Historie of Ireland," written in the yeare 1571, p. + 12. (In the _Ancient Irish Histories_, Dublin edition, 1809.) + + T. J. + +_Hopkins the Witchfinder_ (Vol. ii., pp. 392. 413.).--Your +correspondents will find some "curious memoirs" of this person in the +_Anthologia Hibernica_ for June, 1793, p. 424. The memoirs are +embellished with a plate "correctly copied from an extreme rare print in +the collection of J. Bindley, Esq." + + R. H. + +_Plowden_ (Vol. iv., p. 58.).--From Burke's _Landed Gentry_, 1846, under +"Plowden of Plowden" (A.D. 1194), it would appear that Edmund was of +Wansted, Hampshire, and ancestor of the Plowdens of Lassam, Hants, and +that he "was styled in his will, July 29, 1655, Sir Edmund, lord earl +palatine, governor, and captain general, of the province of New Albion." +I would suggest to your Transatlantic readers the interest that would be +derived from a compilation of surnames in the United States; and in +cases where it can be ascertained, the date of introduction, position of +first immigrant, ancestry, and descendants. The names and subsequent +history of those families who remained loyal during the American +Revolution, are worthy of record; most of whom have, I believe, +prospered in the world since the confiscation of their property. + +The names of the followers of William the Conqueror are often alluded +to; but the "comers over" at the conquest of Wales, Scotland, and +Ireland are but seldom thought of, though they lend to their +descendants' pedigree a degree of historical interest. + + A. C. + +_As lazy as Ludlam's Dog_ (Vol. i., pp. 382. 475.).--This proverb is to +be found in Ray's first edition (1670), and is quoted in a little book +entitled _Scarronides, et cet._, a burlesque on the second book of +Virgil's _Æneid_. Æneas, reposing on the "toro alto," is likened to +"Ludlam's curr, on truckle lolling;" whilst a marginal note says "'Tis a +proverb, Ludlam's dog lean'd his head against a wall when he went to +bark." Both here and in Ray the name is spelt _Ludl_a_m_. + + CRANMORE. + +_Pope and Flatman_ (Vol. iv., p. 132.).--The piece quoted by MR. BARTON +had long since been pointed out by Warton (_Essay on Pope_), who has +also collected many others which Pope _may_ have known and made use of, +some which he _must_. + + V. + +_Spenser's Faerie Queene_ (Vol. iv., p. 133.).--The explanation of the +stanza in question would occupy more space than I think you would spare +me. It will suffice to note that a very sufficient one will be found in +Todd's edition of _Spenser_ (1803) in vol. iii., at the close of canto +ix. book ii.; and that the letter of Sir K. Digby is given at full +length, before the editor's own commentary and explanation, in that +place. + + V. + + Belgravia. + +_Bells in Churches_ (Vol. ii., p. 326.).--In reply to the inquiry +whether there is still a law against the use of bells as a summons to +divine services, except in churches, which has not been answered, permit +me to quote the following sentences from a judgment of Lord Chief +Justice Campbell, as reported in the _Times_ of August 14. + + "First, with regard to the right of using bells at all. By the + common law, churches of every denomination had a full right to use + bells, and it was a vulgar error to suppose that there was any + distinction at the present time in this respect. At the same time, + those bells might undoubtedly be made use of in such a manner as + to create a nuisance; and in that case a Protestant church and a + Roman Catholic one were equally liable." + +The case (Soltan _v._ De Weld) from the judgment in which the above +remarks are extracted was tried at the Croydon Assizes, and related to +the use of bells by a Romanist community in such a manner as was alleged +to be a nuisance. + + ARUN. + +_Proverb of James I._ (Vol. iv., p. 85.).--The meaning of this proverb +will be found in Jamieson's _Scottish Dictionary_, 4to. ed:--To "_cone_" +or "_cunne_" thanks, is "to give thanks; to express a sense of +obligation; to leave a sense of obligation." + + S. WMSON. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Many of our readers who take an interest in our Anglo-Saxon Language and +Literature are aware that an accomplished German scholar, Dr. Pauli, has +during a residence of considerable length in this country been devoting +his attention to those subjects; and we have just received some of the +fruits of his labours in a volume entitled _König Ælfred und seine +Stelle in der Geschichte Englands_. It is an interesting contribution to +a very important period in the history of this country; and it is the +more valuable from the use made in it of the labours of our own +distinguished Saxonists, Kemble and Thorpe. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Letters on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Duties of the +Christian Religion_, by Olinthus Gregory. The words _Ninth Edition_, on +the title-page of this new volume, sufficiently attest the value of this +addition to Bohn's _Standard Library_. + +_The Stranger in London, or Visitor's Companion to the Metropolis and +its Environs, with an historical and descriptive Sketch of the Great +Exhibition_, by Cyrus Redding. This Guide claims the merit of being "not +merely descriptive but pictorial;" and it does well, for its woodcuts +form the most valuable portion of the book. + +_Address at the Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Geographical Society_, +by Captain W. H. Smyth, R.N., President, &c. This Address give a concise +yet most clear view of the progress of Geographical Discovery during the +preceding year; and is alike creditable to the learned and gallant +Captain and the Society over which he presides. + +We desire to direct the attention of our readers, more especially those +who are old enough to remember the first appearance the _The Literary +Gazette_, to the Testimonial which the friends of the Editor, Mr. +Jerdan, propose to present to that gentleman. The names of the +Committee, and a statement of the Subscriptions in aid of the object, +will be found in our advertising columns. + +The Memorial which we mentioned some time since as having been addressed +to the master of the Rolls, requesting "that persons who are merely +engaged in historical inquiry, antiquarian research, and other literary +pursuits connected therewith, should have permission granted them to +have access to the Public Records, with the Indices and Calendars, +without payment of Fees," has been very favourable responded to by Sir +John Romilly; and a meeting of the gentlemen by whom it was signed has +been held at the apartments of the Society of Antiquaries, when certain +resolutions were agreed to, acknowledging the obligations of antiquarian +literature to Sir John Romilly for the arrangements which he has at +present determined upon, and for the further increased facilities for +consulting the documents in question, which he has promised on the +completion of the new Record Office. The thanks of the Meeting were also +voted to Mr. Bruce, with whom the movement originated. + +Mr. C. Roach Smith has issued proposals for publishing by subscription +an Illustrated Catalogue of his Museum of Antiquities, composed +principally of remains of the Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Mediæval periods, +discovered in the bed of the Thames, and during excavations in London. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--William Nield's (46. Burlington Arcade) Catalogue +No. 6. of Very Cheap Books; W. Brown's (130. and 131. Old Street) List +of Theological Books selected from the Library of the late Rev. E. +Bickersteth. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +NATURAL HISTORY OF THE BRITISH ENTOMOSTRACÆ, by W. Baird, M.D. (Ray +Society's Publications.) + +Barrington's Edition of THE ANGLO-SAXON VERSION OF OROSIUS, by Alfred +the Great. 8vo. London, 1773. (An Imperfect Copy, containing only the +Anglo-Saxon, from p. 1. to 242., would be sufficient.) + +BRITISH ESSAYISTS, by Chalmers. 45 Vols. Johnson and Co. Vols. VI. VII. +VIII. IX. and XXIII. + +KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPEARE. Part XXV. + +BUDDEN'S LIFE OF ARCHBISHOP MORTON, 1607. + +THOMAS LYTE'S ANCIENT BALLADS AND SONGS. 12mo. 1827. + +DODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT THE SOUL +IS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c. + +REFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS; or, Remarks on his Account of +Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Colonel Luke +Lillingston, 1704. + +GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. Vol. I. 1731. + +NEW ENGLAND JUDGED, NOT BY MAN'S BUT BY THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD, &c. By +George Bishope. 1661. 4to. Wanted from p. 150. to the end. + +REASON AND JUDGMENT, OR SPECIAL REMARQUES OF THE LIFE OF THE RENOWNED +DR. SANDERSON, LATE LORD BISHOP OF LINCOLN. 1663. Sm. 4to. Wanted from +p. 90. to the end. + +TRISTRAM SHANDY. 12mo. Tenth Edition. Wanted Vol. VII. + +MALLAY, ESSAI SUR LES EGLISES ROMAINES ET BYZANTINES DU PUY DE DOME. 1 +Vol. folio. 51 Plates. + +AN ACCOUNT OF THE REMAINS OF THE WORSHIP OF PRIAPUS, to which is added a +Discourse thereon, as connected with the Mystic Theology of the +Ancients. London, 1786. 4to. By R. Payne Knight. + +CH. THILLON'S (professor of Halle) NOUVELLE COLLECTION DES APROCRYPHES, +AUGMENTÉ, &c., Leipsic, 1832. + +SOCIAL STATICS, by Herbert Spencer. 8vo. + +THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE. The back numbers. + +ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA. The part of the 7th edition edited by Prof. +Napier, containing the Art. MORTALITY. + +OBSERVATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON HEALTH AND MORTALITY, by +Arthur S. Thomson, M.D. (A Prize Thesis.) + +REPORT ON THE BENGAL MILITARY FUND, by F. G. P. Neison. Published in +1849. + +THREE REPORTS, by Mr. Griffith Davies, Actuary to the _Guardian_, viz.: + +Report on the Bombay Civil Fund, published 1836. ------------ Bengal +Medical Retiring Fund, published 1839. ------------ Bengal Military +Fund, published 1844. + +OBSERVATIONS ON THE MORTALITY AND PHYSICAL MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN, by +Mr. Roberton, Surgeon, London, 1827. + + [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, + _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_To account for the non-appearance of several letters which have been +received, and to prevent others of a like nature from being sent, the +Editor begs to state that as it is obviously impossible that well-known +controverted points in religion, politics, science &c., can be +adequately discussed in a work like "NOTES AND QUERIES," we cannot +insert letters which go directly to provoke the discussion of such +points. Correspondents from whom they are received, we can only refer to +the notorious sources of information; inquirers to whom these are +unknown, are probably not in a state to profit by any dispute which they +might engender._ + +J. B. _or_ J. O. (Birmingham). _The Editor believes that the portraits +respecting which our correspondent inquires are mere impostures unworthy +of notice._ + +S. P. H. T. _is thanked for his kind reminder. The subject has not been +lost sight of; but postponed partly from the pressure of correspondence, +and the consequent want of room--partly from want of time. We hope +however to take some steps in it before the present volume is +completed._ + +T. LAWRENCE. _The puzzling epitaph forwarded by our correspondent has +already been recorded and explained in_ "NOTES AND QUERIES." _See_ Vol. +II., pp. 311. 346. + +E. H. Y. _The Query was inserted_ Vol. iii., p. 351.; _and the only +satisfactory reply received is one not calculated for publication, +but shall be forwarded to our correspondent, if he will kindly say how +a letter may be addressed to him._ + +F. R. R._'s Query respecting the "Hanap Cup" has been anticipated in +our_ 1st Vol. p. 477., _and replied to at_ p. 492. + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor--Thread the +Needle--Pope and Flatman--Spenser's Faerie Queene--Men may live +Fools--Separation of Sexes in Church--Bensleys of Norwich--Cowper or +Cooper--House of Yvery--Spon--A Saxon Bell-house--The late William +Hone--Thistle of Scotland--Yankee, &c. (from R.H.)--John Bodley--Double +Names--Aulus Gehius' Description of a Dimple--Meaning of Rack--Dogmatism +and Puppyism--Borough-English--Royal Library--Was Milton an Anglo-Saxon +Scholar?--Heronsewe--Decking Churches at Christmas--Threadneedle +Street--Murderers buried in Cross Roads--Pendulum Demonstration of the +Earth's Rotation--The Tradescants--Ten Commandments--George +Steevens--Marriage of Bishops--Leman Baronetcy--Three Estates of the +Realm--Nelson's Coat--Theory of the Earth's Form--Agla--Curious Fact in +Natural History, &c., (from St. Lucia)._ + +_Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H., +_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them._ + +VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price_ 9_s._ 6_d. each, neatly bound in cloth._ + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. 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Ulrich von Hutten; 6. +Original Papers about William Penn, contributed by Hepworth Dixon; 7. +Edward Bickersteth; 8. Christian Iconography and Legendary Art: the Four +Evangelists, by J. G. Waller; 9. Breydenbach's Pilgrimage to the Holy +Land; 10. Literary Admission to the Public Records; 11. Correspondence +of Silvanus Urban; 12. Notes of the Month. With a full Report of the +Proceedings of the Archæological Institute at Bristol and at Wells; +Historical Chronicle; and OBITUARY, including Memoirs of Sir Edward +Stracey, Dr. Lingard, Sir Francis Simpkinson, Q.C., Mr. Rogers, Q.C., +Mrs. Harriet Lee, and other eminent persons recently deceased. Price +2_s._ 6_d._ + + NICHOLS & SON, Parliament Street. + + +Now ready, fcap. 8vo., price 7_s._ 6_d._ + + A THIRD SERIES OF + + PLAIN SERMONS, addressed to a Country Congregation. By the late + Rev. 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ROBERT WILSON EVANS, B.D., + Vicar of Heversham, late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and + author of "The Rectory of Valehead," and the "Bishopric of Souls." + + RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; + + Of whom may be had, by the same Author, lately published, + + PAROCHIAL SKETCHES. In Verse. (With Wood-cuts.) 6_s._ + + +Just published, Vols. III. and IV., 8vo. price 28_s._ cloth, + + THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND: with Sketches of their Lives, and + Miscellaneous Notices connected with the Courts at Westminster + from the time of the Conquest. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A., of the + Inner Temple. + + Lately published, Vols. I. and II. in 8vo, price 28_s._ cloth. + + "We spoke fully of the plan of this very able work on the + appearance of the first and second volumes. The portion before us + is in no respect Inferior to that which was first published. It is + now manifest that, quite apart from any biographical interest + belonging to it, the work, in its complete state, will supply a + regular and progressive account of English legal institutions, + such as exists in no other equally accessible form in our + language.... So completed, it will be a work of the highest + merit--original in research, careful and conscientious in detail, + bringing forward much that is new in connexion with the subject, + correcting much that was doubtful in previous writers who have + handled it, and supplying the best general view of our strictly + legal history which any historian or jurist has yet aimed or + attempted to give."--_Examiner._ + + London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + +CHRONICLES of the ANCIENT BRITISH CHURCH, previous to the Arrival of St. +Augustine, A.D. 596. Second Edition. Post 4to. price 5_s._ cloth. + + "A work of great utility to general readers."--_Morning Post._ + + "The result of much reading and careful + research."--_Metropolitan._ + + "The author has collected with much industry and care all the + information which can throw light on his subject."--_Guardian._ + + "Not unworthy the attention of our clerical friends."--_Notes and + Queries_, ii. 453. + + GLEANINGS from BRITISH and IRISH ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. By the + Hon. BARBARA BEDFORD. 5_s._ 6_d._ + + A GLOSSARY to the OBSOLETE and UNUSUAL WORDS and PHRASES of the + HOLY SCRIPTURES in the Authorized English Version. By J. JAMESON. + 2_s._ 6_d._ + + The BIBLE STUDENT'S GUIDE to the more correct Understanding of the + English Translation of the OLD TESTAMENT, by reference to the + Original Hebrew. By the Rev. W. 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A new edition, with Alphabetical Indices + of 13,500 names. Corrected and revised to the present time, in one + very thick volume 8vo. (1,100 pages.) Price 15_s._ + + [Star symbol] The former edition was published at 1_l._ 10_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +NEW NUMBER OF MR. ARNOLD'S THEOLOGICAL CRITIC. + + Now ready, price 4_s._, by post 4_s._ 6_d._, the Third Number of + + THE THEOLOGICAL CRITIC; a Quarterly Journal. Edited by the Rev. + THOS. KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of + Trinity College, Cambridge. + + This Journal embraces Theology in its widest acceptation, and + several articles of each Number are devoted to Biblical Criticism. + + Contents: 1. Scipio de Ricci; 2. The Ecclesiastical and Religious + Condition of Geneva; 3. The Beast from the Sea; 4. De + Ecclesiasticæ Britonum Scotorumque Historiæ fontibus disseruit + Carolus Gulielmus Schöll; 5. Galatians iii. iv.; 6. On the + Authority of Plato and Aristotle in the Middle Ages; 7. Hebrew + Metrology; 8. John vi. 51-58.; 9. "Things New and Old;" Books + received; Contents of Theological Journals. + + RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; + + Of whom may be had, THE FIRST AND SECOND NUMBERS price 4_s._ each. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL of No. 186 Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, a No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, August 30. 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 96, +August 30, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, AUGUST 30, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 38405-0.txt or 38405-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/4/0/38405/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 96, August 30, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: December 24, 2011 [EBook #38405] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, AUGUST 30, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been +standardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. A +list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the +end.] + + + + +NOTES and QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--No. 96. SATURDAY, AUGUST 30. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + The Caxton Memorial and Chaucer's Monument 145 + + NOTES:-- + + Collar of SS., by Edward Foss 147 + + Printing 148 + + Folk Lore:--Bible Divination in Suffolk--Mode of + discovering Bodies of the Drowned--Somersetshire Rhyme 148 + + Dictionary of Hackneyed Quotations 149 + + Minor Notes:--Cocker's Arithmetic--The Duke of + Normandy--Anachronisms and Errors of Painters--The Ring + Finger--The Od Force--New Costume for Ladies 149 + + QUERIES:-- + + Judges styled Reverend, &c. 151 + + Minor Queries:--Frederick Egmont; Peter (Egmont?)--Unlucky + for Pregnant Women to take on Oath--Cockroach--Felton--Date + of a Charter--Thomas Tusser the "Husbandman"--Godfrey + Higgins' Works--Noctes Templari--Commissioners on Officers + of Justice in England--Marcus lius Antoninus--Derivation + of Pic-nic--Sir Thomas More's Knighthood--Portrait of + Mandeville--Early History of Dingle--Language of Ancient + Egypt--Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe--Names first given to + Parishes--German Testament--The Man of Law--The + Termination "Ship"--Nullus and Nemo--The noblest Object + of the Work of Art--Poulster 151 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Rev. Csar de Missy--F. Beaumont + and Jeremy Taylor--"Carve out Dials"--Log Book--Lord + Clydesdale--"Time is the Stuff of which Life is + made"--"Yet forty Days"--The Empress Helena 153 + + REPLIES:-- + + Royal Library 154 + + The "Eisell" Controversy 155 + + Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor 157 + + "House of Yvery" 158 + + On "Rack" in the Tempest 158 + + Richard Rolle of Hampole 159 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Lady Flora Hastings' + Bequest--"The Right divine of Kings to govern + wrong"--Fairlight Church--Dogmatism and Puppyism--Was + Stella Swift's Sister?--Charles Lamb's Epitaph--Meaning of + Carnaby--Scandinavian Mythology, &c. 160 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 165 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 166 + + Notices to Correspondents 166 + + Advertisements 167 + + + + +THE CAXTON MEMORIAL AND CHAUCER'S MONUMENT. + + The result of the appeals which have recently been made to the + sympathies of the present age for the purpose of erecting a + Memorial to our first Printer, and of restoring the crumbling tomb + of one of our earliest and greatest Poets, has gone near to prove + that the admirers of Caxton and Chaucer are disposed to yield to + the objects of their hero-worship little more than lip service. In + short, the plan for the Caxton Memorial, and that for the + restoration of Chaucer's Monument, have well nigh failed. + + The projectors of the former had, indeed, in the necessity of + settling what the Caxton Memorial should be, to encounter, at the + very outset of their undertaking, one difficulty from which the + Chaucer Committee was free; and the uncertainty whether it should + assume the form of the symbolical "lamp and fountain" so + poetically suggested by the Dean of St. Paul's, or the ideal + cast-iron statue of the Coalbrook Dale Company, may have had a + sinister effect upon the Subscription List. + + Between the suggestive symbol and the fancy portrait there would + seem to be little room for hesitation, since the former would + merely veil a truth, while the latter would perpetuate a + falsehood. But our readers have had before them a third, and, as + it seems to us, a far more reasonable proposal, in that made by + MR. BOLTON CORNEY for a collective impression of Caxton's original + compositions: and we cannot but think that if that gentleman will + take the trouble to enter into the necessary details as to the + extent of such compositions, and the expense of transcribing and + printing them, his scheme may yet be realised, and that too to the + satisfaction of all the subscribers to the Caxton Memorial. The + following communication indicates the favour with which MR. + CORNEY'S proposal will probably be received by the followers of + Caxton's art in this country. + +I have just read with great pleasure the article on "A Caxton Memorial +suggested" in your Number for the 19th of July. I was particularly +pleased with the "_proposed conditions_;" and as an humble follower of +the art of which Caxton stands at the head, and as an enthusiastic +admirer of that great and talented, and learned printer, I should feel +great pleasure in becoming a subscriber, should anything of the kind be +undertaken; and have no doubt but that many,--aye, as many as might be +required to complete the subscription list, might be found among the +printers of this country, who would feel proud to subscribe to such a +"Memorial." If anything of the kind should be undertaken, the projectors +might depend upon me becoming a subscriber. + + HENRY RYLETT, Printer. + + Horncastle, Aug. 18. 1851. + + The following letter, on the other hand, from a correspondent + whose smallest suggestion deserves, as it will be sure to receive, + the respectful attention of all who have the pleasure of knowing + his high personal character and great acquirements, although + pointing at what might be a fitting Memorial of one of the + greatest of the Worthies of Westminster, clearly indicates that if + MR. CORNEY'S scheme can be carried out it will have the benefit of + the writer's encouragement and support: + +MR. BOLTON CORNEY'S letter is entitled to much attention. It is +satisfactory to learn that the original design has been abandoned. The +fountain and the illumination might be a very pretty idea, but it would +have sorely puzzled some of our countrymen to connect that memorial in +their minds with the name and services of the first English printer. + +Might not the funds that were raised be advantageously employed in +founding a Caxton scholarship at Westminster School; or in the building +or enlarging some school bearing Caxton's name, connected with +Westminster? The spiritual wants of that city are great. + +If the statue be raised, which should not present a _bon fide_ +resemblance to our celebrated printer, it would be worse than +valueless--something like an imposture and it would have as little +connexion with Caxton as the statue in St. Peter's bears to the great +Apostle, though called by his name. + +MR. CORNEY'S proposal, of giving an impression of Caxton's original +compositions, would unquestionably be his most enduring and glorious +monument. These reprints would be dear, not only to the bibliographer, +but to the philologist and men of letters generally. But the work would +be an expensive one, and the editors should be far more liberally +recompensed than by merely receiving a limited number of copies. As the +subscription would probably be very limited, the work should be +undertaken by the nation, and not by individuals; still, the funds +already raised, if not otherwise expended for educational purposes, as +before suggested, would serve as the foundation for accomplishing MR. +CORNEY'S excellent suggestion. + + J. H. M. + + Our present purpose, however, is to call attention to a hint + thrown out not only in the following Note addressed to ourselves + (which, be it observed, has been in type for several weeks), but + also in the pages of our learned and able contemporary the + GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, in an article from which we extract the most + important passage, namely, that in the event of the failure of the + projected Caxton Memorial, the funds subscribed might with + propriety and good effect be applied (the consent of the + subscribers being of course first obtained) to an object with + which Caxton himself would so surely have sympathised, namely, the + restoration of the tomb of Geoffrey Chaucer: + +_Chaucer and Caxton._--"Not half" of the required 100_l._ "has yet been +subscribed" for the restoration of Chaucer's monument. Chaucer was an +especial favourite of Caxton; and as the first English printer seems for +awhile destined to remain without "light and fountain," as once upon a +time suggested by Dr. Milman, treasurer of the Caxton fund, possibly the +subscribers to that fund would not object to the transmission of the sum +required by the old monument of the poet, from the no monument of the +printer? Will the Dean of St. Paul's ask for suffrages on the matter? + + Q. + + After alluding to the various proposals for the Caxton Memorial, + and the correspondence between MR. BOLTON CORNEY and MR. BERIAH + BOTFIELD in "NOTES AND QUERIES," Sylvanus Urban proceeds: + +"But the discussion will do good. If neither proposal can be carried +out, we shall probably have a better suggestion than either. The money +in hand is said to be _far short_ of the sum necessary to erect a statue +or to print the works; if so, why not repair Chaucer's tomb with it? +Nothing would be more agreeable to Caxton himself. He not only printed +Chaucer's works, and re-imprinted them merely to get rid of errors; but, +feeling that the great poet 'ought eternally to be remembered' in the +place where he lies buried, he hung up an epitaph to his memory over +that tomb which is now mouldering to decay. + + "'Post obitum Caxton voluit te vivere, cura + Willelmi, Chaucer clare poeta, tui, + Nam tua, non solum, compressit opuscula formis, + Has quoque sed laudes jussit hic esse tuas.' + +"The epitaph, touching evidence of Caxton's affection for the poet, has +disappeared. In a few years the tomb itself will have submitted to +inevitable fate. What better mode of keeping alive the memory of both +Chaucer and Caxton, or of doing honour to the pious printer, than by +showing that even after the lapse of centuries his wishes for the +preservation of Chaucer's memory in that place are not forgotten? If the +fund is more than sufficient for the purpose, the surplus might be +invested on trust to perform the wish of Caxton, by keeping Chaucer's +monument in repair for ever."--_Gentleman's Magazine_, August, p. 167. + + Here we leave the matter for the present not, however, without the + hope that the present age will do honour to the memories of two + of our Illustrious Dead, and that few months will witness both a + Caxton Memorial in the shape of a collective edition of his + original writings, and the Restoration of the Monument of the + Father of English Poetry. + + + + +Notes. + + +COLLAR OF SS. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 89. 475.) + +No less than nine long months have elapsed since you adopted my +suggestion of limiting your columns, on the disputed question relative +to the collar of SS., to a record of the names of those persons who, +either on the monumental effigies or brasses, or in their portraits or +otherwise, are represented as wearing that ornament; together with a +short statement of the position held by each of these individuals in the +court of the then reigning monarch, seeming to warrant the assumption. +How is it that the invitation has not produced more than a single +response? Is it that the combatants are more fond of discussing the +probabilities of a disputed point, than of seeking for facts to aid in +its illustration? I hope that this is not so, in an age that prides +itself in its antiquarian and historical investigations; and I trust +that, now the dismissal of the parliament has relieved many from onerous +duties, your pages may benefit, not only on this but on other important +subjects, by the vacational leisure of your learned contributors. + +That I may not myself be chargeable with a continuance of the silence of +which I complain, I now offer to you no less than eleven of the earliest +names, principally taken from Boutell's _Monumental Brasses_, but some +suggested in your own pages, on whose monuments or otherwise the collar +occurs. To most of these I have added a few particulars seeming to +warrant the assumption; and I doubt not that some of your correspondents +will supply you with similar hints as to those of whom I have as yet +been unable to trace anything applicable to the subject of enquiry. + +1. The first of these is in 1382, seventeen years before the accession +of Henry IV. It appears on the brass of Sir Thomas Burton, in Little +Castreton Church, in Rutlandshire. This knight, we find, received +letters of protection on accompanying the Duke of Lancaster to France in +1369, when Edward III. revived his claim to that kingdom.[1] Being thus +one of the retainers of the duke, the assumption of his collar of livery +may be at once accounted for. + + [Footnote 1: N. Foedera, iii. 870.] + +2. The next that we have is on the monument of John Gower in the church +of St. Saviour, Southwark. The poet died in 1402, 4 Henry IV. It is more +than doubtful whether he was a knight, and the only ground that I can +suggest for his being represented with the collar of SS. is, that he was +in some manner, perhaps as the court poet, attached to the household of +the king. Of his transferred devotion to Henry IV. we have sufficient +evidence in the revision of his _Confessio Amantis_, from which he +excluded all that he had previously said in praise of his patron Richard +II. + +3. Sir Thomas Massingberd died in 1406, and on his monument in Gunby +Church in Lincolnshire, both he and his lady are represented with +collars of SS. Why, I have still to seek. + +4. In 1407 there is a similar instance of a knight and his lady being so +ornamented. These are Sir William and Lady Bagot, whose monument is in +Baginton Chruch, Warwickshire. Boutell says that he was the first who +received this decoration from the king. Be this as it may, the Patent +Rolls contain sufficient to account for his and his wife's assuming King +Henry's livery from gratitude for the restoration of his land, which he +had forfeited as an adherent to Richard II.[2] + + [Footnote 2: Cal. Rot. Pat. 236. 243.] + +5. Then follows Sir John Drayton, whose monument, dated in 1411, is in +Dorchester Church, Oxfordshire. It may be presumed that he was in the +king's household; as in the beginning of the reign of Richard II. he was +keeper of the royal swans; and early in that of Henry IV., was serjeant +of the king's pavilions and tents. Thomas Drayton, who was made Assayer +of the Mint in the year of Sir John's death[3], was probably his son. + + [Footnote 3: Cal. Rot. Pat. 196. 259.; Devon's Issue Roll, 286.] + +6. In the following year, 1412, we have the collar of SS. represented on +the brass of Sir Thomas Swynborne in Little Horkeley Church, Essex. Two +or three years before, and perhaps at the time of his death, the knight +held the offices of Mayor of Bordeaux, and of the king's lieutenant in +those parts. + +The last five of these are in the reign of Henry IV. In the reign of +Henry V., I am not aware of any examples; but in that of Henry VI., we +find five other instances. + +7. In Trotton Church, Sussex, is the monument of Thomas Lord Camoys, who +died in 1424, and of his wife; both of whom are distinguished by the +collar. He was a Knight of the Garter, and commanded the left wing of +the English army at the battle of Agincourt. + +8. A monument, supposed to be that of Sir John Segrave, dated in 1425, +occurs in Dorchester Church, Oxfordshire: of whom I can state nothing. + +9. On the brass of John Leventhorpe, Esq., in the church of +Sawbridgeworth, in Hertfordshire, the collar is also to be found. He +died in 1433, and was one of the executors named in the will of King +Henry IV.[4] + + [Footnote 4: Devon's Issue Roll, 334.] + +10. The monument in Yatton Church, Somersetshire, representing a judge +in his robes, is traditionally ascribed to Sir Richard Newton, who died +Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in 1449. This is, I believe, the first +example of a judge being represented with the collar of SS. + +11. The silver collars of the king's livery bequeathed by the will of +John Baret of Bury, may be presumed, although he did not die till after +the accession of Edward IV., to be of the livery of Henry VI.; as he is +not only represented on his tomb, which he had erected during Henry's +reign, with the collar of SS.; but the chantry, also built by him, is +profusely ornamented with the same collar, enclosing his monogram J. B. +He probably received the privilege of wearing it during Henry's visit to +St. Edmondsbury in 1433.[5] + + [Footnote 5: Bury Wills, Camden Soc. 15-14. 233.] + +I shall be glad to see a continuation of this list carried on through +subsequent reigns, since it is only by the multiplication of examples +that we shall be enabled to form a more correct conclusion on the +various questions connected with this interesting subject. + +Will one of your correspondents kindly inform me where it appears that +Richard II. ever wore the collar of SS.? + + EDWARD FOSS. + + +PRINTING. + +This art cannot be assigned to any single year, but must rather be +referred to a _decennium_; and the one in which we now are (1851--1860), +is certainly the first decennium of the fifth century of the existence +of the art. If anything were proposed in the way of celebration of this +_anni_versary, probably the year 1855 would be chosen, not only as the +year which touches the middle of the decennium, but as being very +probably the year in which the printing of the Bible was completed. We +have then a year or two to consider in what manner the spirit which +anniversaries usually call up shall be turned to account. The following +will probably be suggested. + +_A feed._ If we could call down Fust and Gutenberg to witness that +within twelve hours after dessert and commonplaces are finished, an +account of the dinner, as long as three epistles of St. Paul, would be +about the world in something like a hundred thousand copies, such a +celebration would have a strong point of interest about it. + +_A monument in sculpture._ That is to say, a lame subscription, a +committee, five-and-twenty abusive paragraphs before the thing is done, +one more when, ten years after, it is completed, and a short notice in +the handbooks of London in all time to come. + +If these two modes are abandoned, many others would be proposed. Mine +would be, a subscription to defray the expense of publishing, on a large +scale, a book of fac-similes of early typography, to be sold at a cheap +rate, with such prefatory matter as would form an accurate popular +history of printing from 1450 to 1550. The great interest with which I +saw plain working men looking at the treasures now exhibited in glass +cases at the British Museum, made me think of this. + +Reference is frequently made upon the origin of printing, to the +_fasciculus temporum_, or _Cologne Chronicle_. In one place I find a +citation in support of the Gutenberg Bible having been commenced in +1450; in another citation it is only affirmed that printing was first +done in that year. The only edition I have the means of consulting at +this moment is that of Ratdolt, 1484. And here I find nothing about +printing except that, of the year 1457 and thereabouts, it is said that + + "Artifices mira celeritate subtiliores solito fiunt. Et + impressores librorum multiplicant in terra." + +In the preface Ratdolt says that he had printed the _fasciculus_ three +times already, of which Hain mentions two. He says, moreover, that this +fourth (Venice) edition was _cura et opera diligentiori_. Did Ratdolt, +after inquiry, abandon the more specific account above cited, and +content himself with the above sentence, as expressing all that could be +verified; or, as I have sometimes supposed, do _different books_ +circulate under the title of _fasciculus temporum_? Be this as it may, +Ratdolt expressly refers to the great impulse which the mechanical arts +in general received just about the time when printing became common. Now +we may hope the same thing of the decennium on which we are entering, +the beginning of which is made conspicuous by the great forcing-house of +art, which has not yet got the name it is to keep. + + M. + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Bible divination in Suffolk._--In Suffolk it is a practice on New +Year's Eve to open a Bible at midnight, and the passage upon which they +stick a pin will be the luck (good or bad) that attends them the +following year. + + R. J. S. + +_Mode of Discovering the Bodies of the Drowned._--What must we think of +the following, transcribed from the _Gentleman's Mag._, vol. xxxvii. p. +189.? Can such things be? + + "WEDNESDAY, APRIL 8, 1767. + + "An inquisition was taken at _Newbery_, _Berks_, on the body of a + child near two years old, who fell into the river _Kennet_, and + was drowned. The jury brought in their verdict _accidental death_. + The body was discovered by a very singular experiment, which was + as follows:--After diligent search had been made in the river for + the child, to no purpose, a two-penny loaf, with a quantity of + quicksilver put into it, was set floating from the place where the + child it was supposed had fallen in, which steered its course down + the river upwards of half a mile, before a great number of + spectators, when the body happening to lay on the contrary side of + the river, the loaf suddenly tacked about, and swam across the + river, and gradually sunk near the child, when both the child and + loaf were immediately brought up, with grabbers ready for that + purpose." + +Is this experiment ever tried at the present time, and do there exist +any authentic accounts of such trials and their results? + + * & ? + + Manpadt House. + +_Somersetshire Rhyme._--In Vol. iii., p. 206., there is mention of a +traditional rhyme on Lynn and Rising. At Taunton, in Somersetshire, +there is a similar tradition current: + + "Nertown was a market town + When Taunton was a furzy down." + +This Nertown is a village adjoining Taunton, and lying on the north side +of it. Its name is variously regarded as a corruption of Northtown +Near-town, and Nethertown, of which the last is doubtless the right +derivation. + + R. D. H. + + +DICTIONARY OF HACKNEYED QUOTATIONS. + +Allow me to suggest the publication of a small work, which might be +entitled "The Book of Hackneyed Quotations." Manifold would be its +usefulness. Here information would be imparted to enquirers anxious to +discover the source of such passages and the labours of other oracles, +as well as of the editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES," would be thus in this +department diminished. Reporters would by this means be enabled to +correct mistakes; for, owing either to blunders in the delivery, or +errors in the short-hand notes, rarely are quotations faithfully +printed. The gentleman "totally unaccustomed to public speaking," and +the orator of "unadorned eloquence," might from hence cull some flowers +wherewith to embellish their speeches while to the practised author and +the accomplished speaker such a collection might serve as an index +expurgatorius, teaching them what to avoid as common-place, and so the +recurrence of old friends, "familiar in our mouths as household words," +would be more "like angels' visits, few and far between." + +An index referring to the rhyming or important words should be appended, +and it would be advisable to subjoin translation of the few Latin and +French citations. + +Surely it is "devoutly to be wished" that the proposed little work may +find "a local habitation and a name," and that the idea may not vanish +into thin air "like the baseless fabric of a vision." No doubt several +of your correspondents who do not think that "ignorance is bliss," and +that it is "folly to be wise," would gladly lend their aid, and the +constant "cry" would be "they come." As to the title, "a rose by any +other name would smell as sweet:" but "somewhat too much of this." + + TT. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Cocker's Arithmetic._--I have a copy of Cocker's _Arithmetic_, the 37th +edition, 1720, with an engraved portrait of the author; respecting which +there is the following manuscript note on the flyleaf:-- + + "Mr. Douce, of Bath, the literary antiquary and book-collector, + showed me a copy of Cocker's _Arithmetic_, with the _frontispiece + cut of the author_, which he said was very scarce. + + "J. P., April, 1823." + +Mr. Douce's copy (the first edition, 1678) is now in the possession of +Mr. Rainy, an upholsterer in Bath, and is for sale. He asks 8_l._ 10_s._ +for it. + + CRANMORE. + +_The Duke of Normandy._--The question relative to the late Duke of +Normandy being the individual who was Dauphin of France, the son of +Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette, and who was said to have died in the +Temple, has never been as publicly and satisfactorily settled as it +deserves. The high station and unquestionable integrity of the +individuals of the Perceval family who instituted the inquiry, and in +the most open manner laid the results of that inquiry before the public, +constitute an unexceptionable guarantee for its genuineness and +authenticity. The acute perception and accurate memory of Madame Tussaud +carry great weight with them. She was asked by the writer of this +paragraph, if she thought the person calling himself the Duke of +Normandy was the same individual she had modelled when a child. Madame +Tussaud replied with great emphasis, "I would take my oath of it for he +had a peculiar formation on the neck which still remains. Besides +something transpired between us, which he referred to, which was never +likely to be mentioned to any one." The late Mr. Jeremy, the active and +highly intelligent magistrate who presided in the court of Greenwich, +and whose long experience adds value to his judgment, was of opinion +that there were no traces of the impostor discovered by him during +several scrutinising examinations which were held in his office, and +that the members of the old French nobility who were present treated him +with profound respect. He was supported through unknown channels, was +twice shot at, and refused permission by the French government, though +it was applied for by legal advocates of the highest standing, to bring +the question before the legal tribunals. At first the Emperor of Russia +and the King of Prussia, who knew that the Dauphin was alive, opposed +the Duke of Wellington's proposal to reinstate Louis XVIII. The Empress +Josephine is also said to have been aware, that the Dauphine did not die +in the Temple, and is reported to have said "Ah! legitimacy is nearer +than you suppose." It is an unsettled historical question worthy the +attention of the historian who has time to bestow on it. + + GROTUS. + +_Anachronisms and Errors of Painters._--Perhaps the commonest of all +anachronisms of painters is that of representing St. John Baptist in a +Holy Family, himself a child, adoring the infant Saviour, and carrying a +slight cross or flag, with the motto "Ecce Agnus Dei." That John knew +our Lord as an eminently holy man is clear frown his expostulation, "I +have need to be baptized of Thee," &c.; but he himself most distinctly +assures us that it was not till he saw the Spirit descending on Jesus +like a dove that he knew him as the promised Messiah and Lamb of God. + +I have seen an engraving from an old Master (perhaps some of your +correspondents may remember the painting itself) in which the mother of +Zebedee's children comes forward to beg the boon on their behalf, James +and John being represented as boys of seven or eight, one on each side +of her. These errors of painters are perhaps excusable when they +occurred at a time when the Bible was not in everybody's hands: but what +excuse can we make for artist's blunders now? The _Illustrated News_ has +lately given us prints from paintings by living artists, in one of +which, "Noah's Sacrifice," a couple of fat ducks figure as _clean_ fowl +at the foot of the altar; and in the other, the Five Wise and Five +Foolish Virgins have increased into two sevens; neither error being +apparently noticed by the editor. It is said that no sea piece, however +fine, is admitted to our exhibitions if the rigging is incorrect. Would +it not be quite as advisable to exclude Scripture pieces with palpable +blunders? + + P. P. + +_The Ring Finger._--The English Book of Common Prayer orders that the +ring should be put "upon the _fourth_ finger of the woman's left hand;" +and the spousal manuals of York and Salisbury assign this practical +reason for the selection of the said finger: + + "Quia in illo digito est qudam vena procedens usque ad + cor."--Maskell, _Ancient Liturgy of the Church of England_, 2nd + edition, Preface, page clv. note: Lond. 1846. + +Aulus Gellius tells us-- + + "Veteres Grcos annulum habuisse in digito accepimus sinistr + manus, qui minimo est proximus. Romanos quoque homines aiunt, sic + plerumque annulis usitatos. Causam esse hujus rei Appianus in + libris gyptiacis hanc dicit: quod insectis apertisque humanis + corporibus, ut mos in gypto fuit, quas Graeci [Greek: anatomas] + appellant, repertum est, _nervum quendam tenuissimum ab eo uno + digito, de quo diximus, ad cor hominis pergere ac pervenire_. + Propterea non inscitum visum esse, eum potissimum digitum tali + honore decorandum, qui continens et quasi connexus esse cum + principatu cordis videretur."--_Noctes Attic_, lib. x. cap. 10. + +Other reasons are assigned by Macrobius; and the author of the _Vulgar +Errors_ (book iv. ch. 4.) has entirely overthrown the anatomical fiction +mentioned above. Can any one give me any further information than that +contained in L'Estrange or Wheatly, or in the authors to which they +refer? The fourth finger of the left hand is certainly "the least active +finger of the hand least used, upon which, therefore, the ring may be +always in view, and least subject to be worn out:" but this is a very +unromantic and utilitarian idea. + + RT. + + Warmington, Aug. 9. 1851. + +_The Od Force._--As considerable interest appertains to the earlier +manifestations of what is now termed Mesmerism, the following Note may +not be altogether unworthy of a place. + +The experiment, upon which a subjective proof of the agency of the power +of Od is founded, as described by Dr. Herbert Mayo in the supplementary +chapter to the last edition of _Letters on the Truths contained in +Popular Superstitions_, and alluded to by R. D. H. (Vol. iii., p. 517.), +is another instance of there being "nothing new under the sun." In the +_Bigarrures du Seigneur des Accords_, first published at Paris in 1582, +in the chapter "Des faux Sorciers et de leur Impostures" occurs the +following passage, which I copy _verbatim et literatim_:-- + + "Autres ont une ruse, qu'ils semblent d'attacher un anneau d'or ou + d'argent un petit filet, qu'on suspend dans un verre demy + plain d'eaue, et puis l'ayant tremp pair trois fois, disent + bellement ce verset du Psalme, autant de fois, 'Ecce enim + veritatem dilexisti, incerta et occulta sapienti tu manifestasti + mihi.' L'anneau bat contre le verre, et sonne autant d'heures + qu'il en peut estre." + + W. PINKERTON. + + Ham. + +_New Costume for Ladies._--The following paragraph, extracted from a +London paper (November, 1794) would lead to the conclusion that the +agitation regarding costume now going on in America, is not entirely +novel; the Turkish fashion having been introduced unsuccessfully into +this metropolis in the last century:-- + + "The young ladies of _haut ton_, who have invented _Turkish_ + fashions, will not be surprised if their _husbands_ should follow + their example, and adopt the _Turkish taste for variety_.--No man + of sense can be _long_ attached to such _absurdity_!" + + G. R. + + Thanet Place, Temple Bar, Aug. 20. + + + + +Queries. + + +JUDGES STYLED REVEREND, ETC. + +I read a Query not long ago as to the time when the title "Very +Reverend" was first given to Deans. I would also offer a Query, When did +the Judges lose the title of "Reverend" and "Very Reverend," and obtain +that of "Honorable?" In the second volume of _The Year Books_ the +approbation of the twelve judges to the publication of the reports is +headed, "By the approbation of the _Reverend Judges_;" and the following +is copied from the title-page: "_Le Premier Part de les Reports del +Cases en Ley, que furent argus en le Temps de le trs Haut et Puissant +Prince, Roy Edward le Tierce. Ore nouvelment Imprims, Corrigs et +Amends, avec les Notations and References de l' trs Reverend et trs +Sage Juges de cest Royaulme, Brook et Fitzherbert. Printed, 1679._" + +In the title-page of the sixth volume we find "_Avec les Notations de le +trs Reverend Juges, Brook et Fitzherbert_." + +Was this title, "Reverend," derived from the address given to judges +when ecclesiastics filled judicial offices, or is it simply a title of +respect applied to all persons to whom, on account of their position in +society, respectful address is due; of which we have an example in +Othello's address to the Venetian senators: + + "Most potent, grave, and reverend seniors." + +When did the address, "The Honorable," now given to the judges, come +into use? + +How comes it that in Court the Puisne Judges are addressed by the title +of "Lord," whereas the Master of the Rolls, who ranks before them, +receives the title of "Your Honor?" + +The use of the title "Honorable" to the House of Commons, and to members +within its walls, is familiar to us all. + +The worthiness and antiquity of the title is proved by its being given +to one of the Persons of the Eternal Trinity in the Te Deum. + + F. W. J. + + +Minor Queries. + +93. _Frederick Egmont; Peter (Egmont?)._--They appear as booksellers +merely and only, so far as I can make out, because the _promptorius +puerorum_, or _medulla grammatic_, printed by Pynson, in 1499, is said, +in the colophon, to be at their expense. Neither Ames nor Dibdin gives +any further evidence. The following is therefore worth a Note. It is +from the _ad lectorem_ (or rather, the _adolescentibus studiosis_) of +the _Multorum Vocabulorum equivocorum interpretatio Magistri Johannes de +garlandia_: Paris, 1502, 4to. + + "Sed nihil tam arduum tamque difficile fuit quod labor improbus + non vicerit. Ut videlicet mei amicissimo Fredericho Egmont morem + gererem optatissimus: qui cum in vestra excellentissima anglie + patria. Et librorum sit fidelissimus mercator et amicorum suorum + amantissimus, nullum unque librum ex officina sua nisi perquam + castigatus emittet." + +Query, was F. Egmont a printer as well as a bookseller? Granting that +_officina_ means a shop, how can a mere bookseller sell none but +correctly printed works? The writer of the above was himself a +bookseller (Joh. Ant. Venetus). + +Of Peter above-mentioned, or rather of his name, the following is the +history:--The colophon of the _promptorius_, of which there is a copy in +the Grenville Library, runs as follows "... in expensis virtuosorum +virorum Frederici Egmont et Petri post pascha, anno domini MCCCC +nonagessimo nono, decima v'a die mensis Maii." Hence Hain and others +have entered Peter post Pascha as an English bookseller, presuming that +the words _post pascha_ cannot belong to the date, because the more +definite day, "May 15," follows. But surely, among the varieties of the +time when every man did what seemed good in his own eyes as to titles, +colophons, &c., it may easily have happened that a double description of +a part of the date may have occurred, one description containing more +than the other. Query, Can any other instance be produced of this +hypertautology?[6] At any rate, such a thing is more likely than that a +bookseller should have been called _Peter After-Easter_. At the same +time such whimsical things were done in the Latinization of names, both +by their owners and by others for them, that no certain conclusion can +be drawn. For example, more atrocious changes have been made than would +be that of Easterby into _post pascha_. + + M. + + [Footnote 6: [We are glad to supply our correspondent with another + instance of hypertautology, and from a work in great demand during + this part of the year. On the cover of Bradshaw's _Railway Guide_ + we read, "Eighth Month (August) 1st, 1851."]] + +94. _Unlucky for pregnant Women to take an Oath._--In a police case, +reported in _The Times_ of the 28th of May, a woman was called as a +witness who, however, upon the book being tendered to her, positively +refused to be sworn, with the remark, that it must be evident to the +magistrate that she could not take an oath. The usher of the court said +that the woman was pregnant, and that low women who were in that +situation, entertained an absurd belief that it was unlucky to take an +oath. What is the origin of this superstition? Is it common amongst the +uneducated classes of society? + + COWGILL. + +95. _Cockroach_ (Vol. i., p. 194.).--Having seen in "NOTES AND QUERIES" +some interesting particulars on the subject of beetle mythology, I am +induced to put a Query as to the derivation of the word "cockroach." The +common appellation for this insect in the French islands is _ravet_, +but the more correct one is _kakerlaque_. Does the affinity in sound +between this latter term and "cockroach," slight though it be, warrant +the supposition that the one may be derived from the other? + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia, May, 1851. + +96. _Felton._--What has become of the letter said to have been found in +Felton's hat when he stabbed the Duke of Buckingham? Upcott once had it, +but it did not appear in the sale catalogue of his collection. + + ?? + +97. _Date of a Charter._--Having been in the habit of making frequent +consultations to the MSS. in the British Museum respecting the county of +Wilts, I found a charter temp. Henry III., the date of which is given as +"_Thursday next after the day whereon the King sent his daughter into +Sicily_!" + +It is now three years since I last saw the original, and having mislaid +my transcript, I quote from memory; but I believe I am correct in my +rendering from the Latin. + +Can you, through the medium of your valuable publication, fix with +accuracy this date, as I have not been able to do so. + + J. T. HAND. + + 29. Threadneedle Street, Aug. 13. 1851. + +98. _Thomas Tusser the "Husbandman."_--Has any new evidence been +discovered to prove the correct dates of the birth and decease of this +"old English worthy?" On his own authority we learn that Rivenhall, near +Witham in Essex, was the place of his nativity, and his remains were +interred (about 1580?) in St. Mildred's church in the Poultry. Are any +particulars known of Sir Richard Southwell, one of Tusser's patrons? + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +99. _Godfrey Higgins' Works._--Have the works of Godfrey Higgins (the +_Celtic Druids_ and the _Anacalypsis_) ever been reviewed, and where? if +not, can any of your readers inform me what is the opinion generally +entertained of these productions? + + OUTIS. + +100. _Noctes Templari._--In turning over yesterday a MS. volume in the +University Library, I met with a tract of 8 pp., with the title, _Noctes +Templari: a Briefe Chronicle of the darke Raigne of the bright Prince +of burning Love_. Stradilan is the name of the principal character in +this most mad composition. As to the author, I shall be glad to receive +information from those better acquainted with the fugitive literature of +the seventeenth century than + + W. R. C. + + Cambridge. + +101. _Commissioners on Officers of Justice in England._--On July 27th, +1733, commissioners were appointed to survey the officers of justice in +England and Wales, and to inquire into their fees. Will any of your +learned readers inform me whether these commissioners made any report of +the returns of fees which they received in pursuance of their +commission, and where is such report or returns deposited? This inquiry +may lead to some important results. + + INQUIRER. + +102. _Marcus lius Antoninus._--Can you or any of your correspondents +inform me what writer is concealed under the pseudonyme of Marcus lius +Antoninus, in the following title? + + "De scripto quodam cleri secundarii et leguleorum cololiensium + plan detestabili, adversus Evangelii doctrinam et ordines Imperii + nuper edito Querela Marci lii Antonini Imperatoris, qui + Philosophus bonis literis magna laude cognominatus est. 1543." + + TYRO. + + Dublin. + +103. _Derivation of Pic-nic._--Can any of your subscribers inform me of +the derivation of the word "Pic-nic?" + + A. F. S. + + Nottingham, Aug. 12. + +104. _Sir Thomas More's Knighthood._--I should, be glad of the date when +the honour of knighthood was conferred on this eminent man and also the +date of his admission into the privy council. If I am rightly informed, +the records of the privy council are preserved only since 1540. + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT + +105. _Portrait of Mandeville, author of the Fable of "The Bees."_--Could +any of your numerous readers inform me whether there is in existence any +authenticated portrait of Dr. Bernard de Mandeville, author of the fable +of "The Bees?" I have made a fruitless search for several years past. + + B. G. + +106. _Dingle, early History of._--Any references to works, MS. or +printed, containing notices of the early history of Dingle and its +neighbourhood, in the county of Kerry, Ireland, will much oblige. + + R. H. + +107. _Ancient Egypt, Language of._--What are the best standard works on +the study of the language of ancient Egypt, as preserved in its +monuments? What are the best works on its chronology? What translations +exist of its "Ritual of the Dead?" I am acquainted with Lepsius +Todtenbuch. What MSS. of it, _if any_, are preserved in British museums +or libraries? have they been collated? I am acquainted with that in the +library of Trinity College, Dublin, formerly in possession of the late +Lord Kingsborough, which, I believe, has never been even lithographed; +though among the members of that university are a Hincks, a Wall, and a +Butcher. + + S. P. H. T. + +108. _Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe._--None of the biographers of the famous Dr. +Matthew Sutcliffe, Dean of Exeter, the controversial writer, and founder +of Chelsea College, state where he was born, or where interred. +Faulkner, in his _History of Chelsea_, observes that he was probably a +native of Devonshire; but there appears to be some ground for +considering that he was of a family settled at Mayroyd, in the parish of +Halifax in Yorkshire. In a conveyance of the estate, dated 29th January, +1581, the grantor is Matthew Sutcliffe, "Doctor of Civil Law, dwelling +in London." He was of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Doctor of Civil +Law: he died in 1629. In his will he desires to be buried in Exeter +Cathedral. Probably the inscription on his tombstone, if still existing, +might settle this uncertainty. I shall feel obliged to any of your +correspondents who can throw any light on the subject. + + JAMES CROSSLEY. + +109. _Names first given to Parishes._--Is there any means of +ascertaining the time at which names were first given to parishes? and +can any reason be given for the recurrence of one termination in a +particular locality? Thus between Caistor and Brigg in Lincolnshire, a +distance of about nine miles, there are, I understand, the several +parishes or hamlets of _Clixby_, _Fonaby_, _Grassby_, _Ownby_, _Searby_, +_Bigby_, _Barnetby_, _Wrawby_, and there are many others in the +neighbourhood. Of course, I know the meaning of _by_, as a termination; +but I wish to know why it occurs so often in one locality, when perhaps +a few miles off you have as many _hams_ or _thorpes_. + +Can you suggest any probable derivation of _Swinhop_? + + F. B. + + Leamington. + +110. _German Testament._--What is the most literal German translation of +the New Testament? Is the translation published by the British and +Foreign Bible Society in 1844 to be depended on? + + A. G. + +111. _The Man of Law._--Who was the author of the following lines quoted +by Mr. Serjeant Byles a short time since?-- + + "The man of law, who never saw, + The way to buy or sell, + Shall never rise, by merchandise, + Or ever speed him well." + +They may not be quite correct, as I write from memory. + + W. W. KING. + +112. _The Termination "Ship."_--What is the origin of the termination +_ship_, in such words as consul_ship_, prtor_ship_, lord_ship_, and +others? + + A. W. H. + +113. _Nullus and Nemo._--I have two old quarto tracts, of eight pages +each, printed, as seems both by the type and by an allusion contained in +one of them, between 1520 and 1530, or thereabouts. They are part of a +satirical controversy, the subject of which is very obscure, between +_Nemo_ of Wittemberg, and _Nullus_ of Leipsic. Though printed, we must +suppose, at the two places, the opponents have evidently clubbed for a +woodcut to be common to the two title-pages. + +In this cut an unfortunate householder stands in an attitude of despair, +surrounded by what are as much in our day as in his the doings of +_nobody_, as broken crockery, hardware, &c. In the distance his kitchen +is visible, in which two nobodies are busy with his meat and wine. A +young woman is carrying an infant to the priest to be baptized; and from +the way in which the worthy man holds up his finger, we may fear she has +just confessed that it is nobody's child. Can any of your readers give +any information? + + M. + +114. _The noblest Object of the Work of Art._--Can any of your readers +discover the answer to the adjoining riddles which I have met with, +though I neither know its author nor answer?-- + + "The noblest object of the work of art, + The brightest gem that nature can impart, + The point essential in the tenant's lease, + The well-known signal in the time of peace, + The farmer's comfort when he holds the plough, + The soldier's duty and the lover's vow, + The planet seen between the earth and sun, + The prize that merit never yet hath won, + The miser's idol and the badge of Jews, + The wife's ambition and the parson's dues. + If now your noble spirit can divine, + A corresponding word for every line, + By the first letters plainly will be shown, + An ancient city of no small renown." + + A. W. H. + +115. _Poulster._--Can any one inform me if I am right in supposing that +this word, used in the reign of George I. as an addition expressing +trade, is the same as our _upholsterer_? + + D. X. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Reverend Csar de Missy._--Can you furnish me with any particulars +respecting the Rev. Csar de Missy? Bishop Middleton, in his work on the +Greek article, quotes once or twice some MS. notes of his, now in the +British Museum; and a rare edition of the Septuagint (Basil, 1545), now +in my possession, contains his autograph under date Londini, 1745. I +have not met with his name in any biographical work, and should +therefore be obliged by any information respecting his life and works. + + QUIDAM. + + [Csar de Missy, a learned Prussian divine, was born at Berlin, + 1703. Having settled in England, he was appointed in 1762 to be + one of the French chaplains to George III., and died 1773. His + valuable library, which was sold by Baker and Leigh in 1778, + consisted of many books enriched with his MS. notes, some of which + were purchased for his Majesty's library, some for the British + Museum, and some by Dr. Hunter, who also bought several of his + manuscripts. A biographical account of De Missy will be found in + Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_, under _De Missy_ and a list + of his works in Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_, art. _Missy_.] + +_F. Beaumont and Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. ii., p. 263.).--"An acre sown with +royal seed," &c. Would M. W. kindly say _where_ the passage in Beaumont +is to be found? + + C. P. E. + + [The passage occurs in the poem entitled "On the Tombs in + Westminster Abbey." See Beaumont and Fletcher's _Works_, vol. ii. + p. 709. edit. 1840.] + +"_Carve out Dials._"-- + + "----Carve out dials, quaintly, point by point, + Thereby to set the minutes, how they run, + How many make the Hour full, complete; + How many hours bring about the Day." + +Where is the above quotation from? It heads an advertisement of the _Sam +Slick Clocks_. + + G. CREED. + + [It will be found in Shakspeare's _King Henry VI._, Part III. Act + II. Sc. 5.] + +_Log Book._--What is the origin of _Log Book_? + + G. CREED. + + [The Log _board_ no doubt gave rise to the Log _book_, as being + more convenient for preserving a record of the ship's course, + winds, and weather. Consult Falconer's _Dictionary of the + Marine_.] + +_Lord Clydesdale._--Would you kindly inform me who was the "Lord Mar. +Clydesdale," or "Clidsdale," whose name appears as a commoner of St. +Mary's College, Winchester, in 1735; and in other Rolls about that date? + + MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + +P.S. May I in your columns beg all Wykehamists to send to me, under care +of my publisher, any information concerning their old school? + + [James, Marquis of Clydesdale, was afterwards fifth Duke of + Hamilton, and second Duke of Brandon. See Douglas' _Peerage of + Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 473. 722.] + +"_Time is the Stuff of which Life is made._"--There is a phrase, "Time +is the stuff that life is made of," which has been taken for a line of +Shakspeare. A reference to Mrs. Clark's _Concordance_ shows that that +supposition is erroneous. Can any of your readers inform me where the +phrase may be found? + + H. + + [It occurs in Dr. Franklin's _Works_, vol. iii. p. 454., edit. + 1806, in the article "The Way to Wealth, as clearly shown in the + Preface of an old Pennsylvania Almanack, intitled, Poor Richard + Improved." He says, "But dost thou love life, then do not squander + time, for that is the stuff life is made of, as Poor Richard + says." Franklin may have quoted it from some previous author.] + +"_Yet forty Days_" (Jonah iii. 4.)--"Yet forty days and Nineveh shall be +overthrown."--Septuagint (Baxter's edition) "[Greek: Eti _t r e i s_ +hmerai]," &c.: "Yet _three_ days."--How is this? + + NEDLAM. + + [[Greek: Treis] is the common reading of the LXX. as [Hebrew: + arbaiym] of the Hebrew. We know of no variants. J. H. Michaelis' + account of the matter is, "Perperam vero LXX. hunc + _quadragenarium_ dierum numerum in _triduanum_ commutarunt."] + +_The Empress Helena._--Most readers of general history are aware that +the parentage of the renowned mother of the still more renowned +Constantine has been claimed for two widely different sources,--a +British king on the one hand, and an innkeeper of Bithynia on the other. +In favour of the former, we have Geoffrey of Monmouth, Carte the English +historian, and modern Welsh authors; for the latter, Gibbon and his +authorities. The object of the present Query is threefold: 1. Will some +one having access to Geoffrey be kind enough to favour me (in the +original or a translation) with the exact statement of the chronicler to +which Gibbon refers? 2. Are writers of intelligence and credit quite +agreed that the tradition which assigns to the wife of Constantius a +royal British parentage was "invented in the darkness of monasteries?" +3. Where is the question--one of interest in many ways--fully and +satisfactorily discussed? + + H. + + [The statement will be found in Geoffrey's _British History_, book + v. ch. 6.:--"After the decease of Coel, a petty prince of + Caercolvin [Colchester], Constantius himself was crowned, and + married the daughter of Coel[7], whose name was Helena. She + surpassed all the ladies of the country in beauty, as she did all + others of the time in her skill in music and the liberal arts. Her + father had no other issue to succeed him on the throne; for which + reason he was very careful about her education, that she might be + better qualified to govern the kingdom. Constantius, therefore, + having made her partner of his bed, had a son by her called + Constantine." Thus far Geoffrey; and with him agree Baronius, + Ussher, Stillingfleet, and Camden. The learned Lipsius' opinion of + this tradition, in his letter to Mr. Camden, will be found in his + _Epistles_, page 64. The traditions, however, is not mentioned by + Gildas, Nennius, or Bede. Our correspondent will find a long + discussion on this disputed point in Alban Butler's _Lives of the + Saints_, August 18, Art. "S. Helen." See also Tillemont, _Hist. + des Empereurs_, t. iv.] + + [Footnote 7: This petty king is probably the hero of the old + popular ditty: + + "Old King Coel, + Was a merry old soul," &c.] + + + + +Replies. + + +ROYAL LIBRARY. + +(Vol. iii., P. 427.; Vol. iv., p. 69.) + +I have delayed contradicting the stories told about the Royal Library in +the _Quarterly Review_ of last December, and repeated in the +_Illustrated Boswell_, and, I am sorry to say, still more gravely and +circumstantially reproduced by the Editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES." I have +delayed, I say, until I was enabled to satisfy myself more completely as +to one of the allegations of _your_ Note. I can now venture to assure +you that the whole story of the projected sale to Russia is absolutely +unfounded; and that the Princess Lieven, whose supposed agency is the +gist of the story, never heard a syllable about it, till my inquiry +brought it to her notice, and that she has given it the most absolute +contradiction. As there never was any such proposition, I need not say +that the interference against it attributed to Mr. Heber and Lord +Sidmouth is equally unfounded. The real history of the affair is +this:--Mr. Nash, the architect, had rendered himself very agreeable to +George IV. by his alterations and additions to the Pavilion at Brighton, +and he managed to obtain (somewhat irregularly, I believe) the job of +altering old Buckingham House, which was originally intended, or at +least proposed, to be only an extensive repair and more commodious +arrangement of the existing edifice. Under that notion, Mr. Nash had +little difficulty in persuading the king that the space occupied by so +large a library could not be spared for that purpose, if the house was +to be arranged as a _palace_ both for private residence and for purposes +of state; and as there was a very great jealousy in Parliament of the +expense of Buckingham House, he was afraid to propose the erection of an +additional building to receive the books. It was then that the scheme +was hit on, I know not exactly by whom (but I believe by Mr. Nash), of +giving the books to the British Museum. The principal part of the +library occupied three large rooms, two oblong and one an octagon. The +former were to have been absorbed into the living apartments, and the +octagon was to be preserved as a _chapel_, which it was proposed to +adorn with the seven _cartoons_ of Raphael from Hampton Court. All +these, and several other schemes, vanished before Mr. Nash's larger +views and increased favour, which led by degrees to the total +destruction of the old house, and the erection of an entirely new +palace, which however retains strong evidence of the occasional and +piecemeal principle on which it was begun. But in the meanwhile the +library was gone. _I know_ that some members of the government were very +averse to this disposal of the library: they thought, and _strongly +represented_, that a royal residence should, not be without a library; +and that this particular collection, made especially _ad hoc_, should +not have been, on any pretence, and above all on one so occasional and +trivial, diverted from its original destination. It is very possible +that Mr. Heber may have expressed this opinion; and I think I may say +that Lord Sidmouth certainly did so: but, on the other hand, some of the +king's advisers were not sorry to see the collection added to the Museum +_pro bono publico_; and so the affair concluded,--very unsatisfactorily, +as I thought and think, as regards the crown, to whom this library ought +to have been an heirloom; and indeed I doubt whether it was not so in +point of law. It is likely enough that the gift of the library may have +been _partly_ prompted by a hope of putting the public in better humour +as to the expenses of Buckingham House; but the idea of a _sale to +Russia_ never, I am sure, entered the head of any of the parties. + + C. + + +THE "EISELL" CONTROVERSY. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 64. 135.) + +I can easily suppose, after the space you have given to J. S. W. (Vol. +iv., p. 64.) to sum up on the long-protracted controversy of the +_Eisell_ interpretation, that you will scarcely permit it to be renewed. +J. S. W.'s judgment, though given with much amenity and fulness, I +cannot think satisfactory, as towards its close he evidently sinks into +the advocate. + +Theobald, a most admirable annotator, has narrowed the controversy very +properly, to the consideration whether Hamlet was here proposing +possibilities or impossibilities. J. S. W. dwells on the whole of the +dialogue between Hamlet and Laertes as a rant; and sinks all the lines +and passages that would bring it down to sanity. But this seems to line +singularly unjust. Imprimis, Hamlet is not enraged like Laertes, "who +hath a dear sister lost," and is a very choleric, impetuous, and +arrogant young gentleman. It is this quality which irritates Hamlet, who +is otherwise in the whole of this scene in a particularly moralising and +philosophic mood, and is by no means "splenetic and rash." Hamlet, a +prince, is openly cursed by Laertes: he is even seized by him, and he +still only remonstrates. There is anything but rant in what he (Hamlet) +says; he uses the most homely phrases; so homely that there is something +very like scorn in them: + + ---- "What wilt thou _do_ for her?" + +is the quietude of contempt for Laertes' insulting rant; and so, if my +memory deceive me not, the elder Kean gave it; "_Do_ for her" being put +in contrast with Laertes' braggadocio _say_. Then come the +possibilities: + + "Woul't weep, fight, fast, tear thyself," + +(All, be it noted, common lover's tricks), + + "Would drink up eisell, eat a crocodile, + I'll do't." + +Now the eating a crocodile is the real difficulty, for that looks like +an impossibility but then, no doubt, the crocodile, like all other +monstrous things, was in the pharmacopoeia of the time, and was +considered the most revolting of eatables. Eat a crocodile, does not +mean a whole raw one, but such as the alligator mentioned in the shop of +Romeo's apothecary, probably preserved in spirits. + +Here we have possibilities put against the rant of Laertes; _the doing_ +against _the saying_; the quietude of the philosophic prince, against +the ranting of the robustious Laertes; things that _could be done_,--for +Hamlet ends with "I'll do it." That is, he will weep, fight, fast, tear +himself, drink bitterness, and eat monstrosities: and this is his +challenge of Laertes to the true testimony of his love, in contrast to +his wordy lamentation. But his quick imagination has caught an impetus +from its own motion, and he goes on, "Nay, I will even outprate you;" +and then follows his superior rant, not uttered with sincere vehemence, +but with quiet and philosophic scorn; and he ends with the reproof of +Laertes' mouthing; a thing particularly distasteful to him. And now, in +accordance with this dignified contempt is his final remonstrance and +his exit speech of-- + + "I lov'd you ever; but it is no matter; + Let Hercules himself," &c. + +We thus see that there is no real rant in Hamlet; he is not outbragging +Laertes; but institutes the possible, in contradiction to swagger and +mouthing. The interpretation of _eisell_ thus becomes a matter of +character, and to a great degree would determine an actor's mode of +rendering the whole scene. This result I do not see that any of your +correspondents have taken notice of; and yet it really is the main thing +worth discussing. + +This interpretation too has the advantage of coinciding with +Shakspeare's perpetual love of contrast; the hot, hasty, wordy Laertes +being in strong contrast to the philosophic, meditating, and melancholy +young prince; always true to his character, and ever the first in every +scene by his own calm dignity. He never rants at all, but rides over his +antagonist by his cool reasoning and his own magnificent imagination. +The adoption of Theobald and Hickson's interpretation of the word +_eisell_ becomes therefore of great importance as indicating the +character of Hamlet. + + F. G. T. + +Many of your readers no doubt feel much indebted to your correspondent +for his able summary of the _eisell_ controversy; an example which it is +to be hoped will be followed in other cases. It has induced me to +collect a few passages for the purpose of showing that Shakspeare was +accustomed to make use of what may be termed _localisms_, which were +frequently as occult as in the instance of the _eisell_; and that he was +especially fond of establishing himself with the children of his brain +in the particular country by means of allusion to the neighbouring seas +and rivers. What appropriate signs are the Centaur and the Phoenix for +the city of Ephesus, the scene of the _Comedy of Errors_! The Italian, +Iachimo, speaks of-- + + "---- lips as common as the stairs + That mount the capitol." + +And Petruchio alludes to the bursting of "a chestnut in a farmer's +fire," an incident probably of common occurrence in the sunny south. In +_Hamlet_, with which we are chiefly concerned, the king "gulps his +draughts of _Rhenish_ down;" and the grave-digger talks of a flagon of +_Rhenish_ having been poured by the jester upon his head, the wine with +which Denmark would naturally be supplied. His majesty inquires: + + "Where are the _Switzers_? let them guard the door." + +And the student Horatio is judiciously placed at the university of +Wittenburg. Constant mention is made in _The Merchant of Venice_ of the +Rialto; and Portia, not unmindful of the remarkable position of the +city, thus directs Balthazar: + + "Bring them, I pray thee, with imagin'd speed + Unto the tranect, to the common ferry + Which trades to Venice." + +What a fine Hebraism (Hazlitt remarks) is that of Shylock, where he +declares, that he would not have given his ring "for a whole wilderness +of monkeys!" And so, if the subjoined passage in _Othello_ relates to +the ceremony of the Doge's union with the sea, may we not exclaim "What +an admirable Venetianism!" + + "I would not my unhoused free condition + Put into circumscription and confine + For the sea's worth." + +The Moor has not travelled far to find the following simile: + + "Like to the Pontick sea, + Whose icy current and compulsive course + Ne'er feels retiring ebb, but keeps due on + To the Propontick and the Hellespont." + +Petruchio asserts in respect to Catherine: + + "---- Were she as rough + As are the swelling Adriatic waves, + I come to wive it wealthily in Padua." + +In the Roman plays the Tiber is repeatedly noticed. The Thames occurs in +_Merry Wives of Windsor_, and others. And in the Egyptian scenes of +_Antony and Cleopatra_, the Nile is several times introduced. + + "Master Brook [says Falstaff], I will be thrown into Etna, as I + have been into Thames, ere I will leave her thus." + +Antony exclaims: + + "Let Rome in Tiber melt!" + +while Cleopatra gives utterance to the same sentiment: + + "Melt Egypt into Nile! And kindly creatures + Turn all to serpents!" + +In the last two passages it may be observed, that the hyperbolical +treatment of the two rivers bears some analogy to that of the _eisell_; +and it may also be pointed out, that although one of your correspondents +has rashly maintained that the word cannot mean a river because the +definite article is omitted before it, Thames, Tiber, and Nile here +occur without. Upon the whole it must appear that there is some reason +for adopting the motto: + + "Flow on, thou shining river." + + T. + +_Eisell_ will, I think, if examples from our old writers decide, be at +least acknowledged to mean in Shakspeare what we now (improperly?) call +vinegar, and not any river. In _The Goolden Letanye of the Lyf and +Passion of our Lorde Jesu Criste_, edited from a MS. (No. 546.) in the +library at Lambeth, by Mr. Maskell, _Monumenta Ritualia_, ii. 252., +comes this entreaty:-- + + "For thi thirste and tastyng of gall and _eysyl_, graunte us to + tast the swetnes of thi spirite; and have mercy on us." + +All through the sixteenth century, and ages before, _eisell_ was not +only a housewife's word, but in every one's mouth--in the poet's as he +sang, the preacher's as he preached, and the people's while they prayed. +Surely, for this very reason, if Shakspeare meant Hamlet to rant about a +river, the bard would never have made the king choose, before all +others, that very one which bore the same name with the then commonest +word in our tongue: a tiny stream, moreover, which, if hardly ever +spoken of in these days of geographical knowledge, must have been much +less known then to Englishmen. + + DA. ROCK. + + Buckland, Faringdon. + +Your correspondent J. S. W. well deserves the thanks of all those of +your readers who have taken an interest in the discussion on the meaning +of _eisell_ in _Hamlet_, for the able manner in which he has summed up +the evidence put forward by the counsel on both sides. Perhaps he is +correct in his conclusion, that, of twelve good men and true, nine would +give their verdict for _eisell_ being "a river;" while but three would +favour the "bitter potion." Nevertheless, I must say, I think the +balance yet hangs pretty even, and I rather incline myself to the latter +opinion, for these reasons: + +1. There is no objection whatever, even in the judgment of its enemies, +against _eisell_ meaning "a bitter potion," except that they _prefer_ +the river as more to their taste; for the objection of MR. CAUSTON I +conceive to have no weight at all, that "to drink up" can only be +applied "to a definite quantity;" surely it may also mean, and very +naturally, to drink "without stint." And _eisell_ need not be taken as +meaning nothing more than "vinegar;" it may be a potion or medicament of +extreme bitterness, as in the 111th sonnet, and in Lydgate's _Troy Boke_ +quoted by MR. SINGER, such, that while it would be possible to sip or +drink it in small quantities, or diluted, yet to swallow a quantity at a +draught would be almost beyond endurance; and hence, I submit, the +appropriateness of "drink up." + +2. There is this objection against _eisell_ meaning a river,--Would the +poet who took a world-wide illustration from _Ossa_, refer in the same +passage to an obscure local river for another illustration? Moreover it +does not appear to be sufficient to find any mere river, whose name +resembles the word in question, without showing also that there is a +propriety in Hamlet's alluding, to that particular river, either on +account of its volume of water, its rapid flow, &c., or from its being +in sight at the time he spoke, or near at hand. + +Can any of your readers, who have Shakspeare more at their fingers' ends +than myself, instance any _exact parallel_ of this allusion of his to +_local_ scenery, which, being necessarily obscure, must more or less mar +the universality, if I may so speak, of his dramas. Could such instances +be pointed out (which I do not deny) or at least any one exactly +parallel instance, it would go far towards reconciling myself at least +to the notion that _eisell_ is the river Essel. + + H. C. K. + + ---- Rectory, Hereford, July 28. + + +LORD MAYOR NOT A PRIVY COUNCILLOR. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 9. 137.) + +I will not attempt to follow all the statements of L. M., because some +of them are totally beside the question, and others contradict each +other. I shall only observe that he totally mistakes _my_ argument when +he says, as if in reply to me, that _it is not necessary to have the +courtesy title of lord to be a privy councillor_. No one ever said any +such thing. What I said was this, that the Mayor of London, like those +of Dublin and York, had the courtesy title of _lord_, and that this +title of _lord_ brought with it the other courtesy designation of _right +honorable_, which latter being _also_ (but not _likewise_) the +designation of privy councillors, had, as I suppose, occasioned the +error now predicated of the Mayor of London being a privy councillor, +which, I repeat, he is no more than any Lord John or Lady Jane, who have +also the title of Right Honorable. + +L. M., however, states as a matter of fact, that "the Lord Mayor is +always _summoned to council_ on the accession of a new sovereign." Now I +assert, and I think have proved in my former note, that the Lord Mayor +never was so _summoned to council_. I now add that he never has on any +occasion entered the _council chamber_, that he has never taken the oath +nor performed any act of a privy councillor, and that in short there is +not the smallest doubt with any one who knows anything about the Privy +Council, that the _Lord Mayor of London_ no more belongs to it than the +_Lord Mayors of York or Dublin_, or the _Lord Provost of Edinburgh_, all +of whom are equally styled Right Honorable, which title, I repeat, is +the sole and silly pretence of this new-fangled hypothesis. + + C. + + +"HOUSE OF YVERY." + +(Vol. iv., pp. 101. 136.) + +Observing the imperfect knowledge which Lowndes and your correspondents +apparently have of the work called Anderson's _House of Yvery_, I send +you a few Notes to clear up some points. + +It may be said there were two editions of this work; one containing the +censorious comments of (I presume) Lord Egmont on the degraded state of +the peerage; the second, that in which those comments were cancelled. To +the first, no printer's name appeared in the title-page; to the second +is the name of "H. Woodfall, jun." + +Lowndes has entirely mistaken the origin of the different paging in vol. +i. The fact is, the original edition of the Introduction contained 41 +pages of text, but the cancels reduced that number to 37; which p. 37., +as Lowndes correctly remarks, is in the second edition misprinted 29. I +possess both copies, with and without the cancels. By Lowndes we are led +to believe that only p. xxxvii. was destroyed; but in truth they are p. +xvi., and parts of pp. xv. and xvii., and nearly the whole of pp. +xxxv.-vi., containing the anecdotes of the tailor's son and the +apothecary's brother-in-law being sent, or intended to be sent, to +foreign courts, as ambassadors from England. Another cancel occurs in +vol. ii., of nearly the whole of pp. 444-5-6, which occasions Lowndes to +say that pp. 446-7 are missing. The duplicate pages 453 to 460 are +peculiar to the second edition only. One of my copies contains two +additional plates, one of Wardour Castle, the other of Acton Burnell, +evidently engraved for the work. The map of the baronies of Duhallow, +&c., is only in one copy, viz. the original edition. Unfortunately, this +original edition wants all the portraits of Faber, but it has the tomb +of Richard Percival of 1190, beginning "Orate," as in Lowndes. It +contains also a duplicate portrait of Sir Philip Percival, engraved by +Toms in 1738 (who also engraved the Wardour and Acton Burnell Castles); +and this duplicate is also in the other copy. + +Were I to form any judgment when this work was commenced, I should say +about 1738, and that all the engravings for it were done by Toms; and +the first edition was printed in 1742, without any printer's name, and +that some copies were so bound up. The other copies remained in sheets +until the next year, when Faber was employed to engrave the portraits, +and till 1744 or 1747; 1747 being the latest date of Faber's plates. +There is some curious information in these volumes, and I would +recommend your readers to observe how much the conduct of the Catholics +of Ireland, recorded in vol. ii. p. 271., resembles that of the +Catholics of the present day. + + P. + + +ON "RACK" IN THE TEMPEST. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 37. 121.) + +I think A. E. B. has not understood MR. HICKSON'S argument in reference +to this word. Perhaps the latter may not have expressed himself very +clearly; and not having by me his original paper on the subject, I +cannot cite his exact words; but his argument I take to be to this +effect:--In construction of the passage there is a double comparison, +which, though perfectly clear to the intelligent reader, causes some +confusion when a doubt is first raised as to the meaning of the word, +and which can be cleared up only by a thorough analysis. "The +cloud-capp'd towers," &c., are first compared with "the baseless fabric +of this vision," _like which_ they "shall dissolve," and afterwards with +"this insubstantial pageant," _like which_ (_having "faded"_) they shall +"leave not a rack behind." A given object can be said to "leave behind" +only that which was originally of its elements, and for this reason only +a general term such as _wreck_ or _vestige_ will accord with the +construction of the passage. + +I am sorry to find that any one should misquote Shakspeare for the +purpose of obtaining a temporary triumph: probably, however, in the +instance I am about to cite, A. E. B. has really fallen into the common +error of regarding two similes as one. He says, giving the substance of +Shakspeare's passage, "the globe itself shall dissolve, and, like this +vision, leave not a wreck behind." What Shakspeare in substance _does_ +say is, "The globe itself, _like this vision_, shall dissolve, and, +_like this faded pageant, shall_ leave not a rack behind." A. E. B.'s +question, therefore, "in what was the resemblance to the vision to +consist, if not in melting, like it, into thin air?" is thus answered: +The resemblance _does_ consist in _dissolving_, or "melting" away. + +My object in making these remarks is not to express an opinion on one +side or the other, but to draw the attention of your readers to the real +question at issue. I therefore say nothing as to whether Shakspeare may +or may not have had a prevision of the nebular theory; though I cannot +see that this would be in the least affected by our decision as to the +meaning of this word, since the _wrack_ or _wreck_ of the world might +well be represented by the "vapour" for which A. E. B. contends. As, +however, this gentleman says such is its meaning "beyond all doubt," (a +rather dogmatic way of settling the question, by the way, seeing that a +doubt had been thrown upon it in the very paper he has engaged himself +to answer,) I should like to be informed if there is any authority for +the use of the word in Shakspeare, or his cotemporaries, as _mere_ +"haze" or "vapour." I have generally understood it to mean a +_particular_ description of cloud, or, as some say, more properly, the +course of the clouds in motion. + +In fine, as Prospero did undoubtedly point to the dissolution of the +globe and all that it contained, it is quite clear that it could in such +case leave neither "cloud" nor "vapour," nor anything else behind it. +The simple question then remains: Is the word _rack_, as elsewhere used +by Shakspeare and his contemporaries, logically applicable there? + + A LOOKER-ON. + + Dawlish, Aug. 16. 1851. + +_Wolken Zug, English Term corresponding to._--Coleridge (_Death of +Wallenstein_, Act V. Sc. 1.) gives the lines-- + + "Fast fly the clouds, the sickle of the moon + Struggling, darts snatches of uncertain light." + +as a translation of + + "---- schnell geht + Der Wolken Zug: die Mondessichel wankt + Und durch die Nacht zuckt ungewisse Helle." + +In a note on this passage he says: + + "The words _wanken_ and _schweben_ are not easily translated. The + English words by which we attempt to render them are either vulgar + or pedantic, or not of sufficiently general application. So 'der + Wolken Zug,' the draft, the procession of clouds, the masses of + the clouds sweep onward in swift _stream_." + +On reading this, it struck me that the English word _rack_ exactly +expresses the meaning of "der Wolken Zug." + +Malone, in his note on the _Tempest_, Act IV. Sc. 1., says: + + "_Rack_ is generally used for a _body of clouds_, or rather for + _the course of clouds in motion_." + +I add a few instances of the use of this word, many of which are +collected in the note I have referred to. + +In _Antony and Cleopatra_-- + + "That which is now a horse, even with a thought + The _rack_ dislimns." + +In Fletcher's _Faithful Shepherdess_-- + + "shall I stray + In the middle air, and stay + The sailing _rack_." + +In Dryden's tenth _neid_-- + + "the doubtful _rack_ of heaven + Stands without motion." + +The term _scud_, used by sailors, seems to express the same idea. + + X. Z. + + +RICHARD ROLLE OF HAMPOLE. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 49. 116.) + +The productions of the writer known by the name of the Hermit of Hampole +have been hitherto much neglected: they afford copious illustrations of +ancient manners, and are very valuable in a philological point of view. +I would especially name the _Speculum Vit, or Mirrour of Life_, of +which I possess two MSS. in entirely distinct dialects. + +Your Cambridge correspondent has shown that the Metrical Sermons contain +interesting passages also illustrative of manners and as the extracts he +has made have given occasion to some glossarial Queries from an Oxford +correspondent, J. E., should they not be more satisfactorily answered by +C. H., to whom they are addressed, perhaps the following attempt to +resolve them may not be unacceptable. + +1. By the _devenisch_ most probably the _Danish_ is meant, which we find +elsewhere written _Deniske_, _Daniske_, and _Danske_. + +2. _Guystroun_ should be _quystroun_, which is used by Chaucer in the +_Romaunt of the Rose_, and signifies a _scullion_, as is evident from +this passage. It is from the O. Fr. _quistron_ or _cuistron_. Thus in K. +Alisaunder (Weber's _Metr. Rom._), v. 2511.: + + "Ther n'as knave no _quistron_ + That he no hadde gd waryson." + +3. By _Chaunsemlees_ we may probably understand _schoon-semeles_, +signifying, no doubt, _sandals_. + +4. "Hir chere was ay _semand_ sori," which your correspondent says is +"an expression very strange to English verse," is nothing more than the +old form of _seeming_: her cheer was ever sorrowful or _sad-seeming_. +The termination _and_ or _ande_, as well as _inde_, was formerly used +where we now have _ing_. Examples are numerous of this form; as _semand_ +and _semynd_, _spekand_, _strikinde_, &c. &c. + +In Gawin Douglas, _Eneados_, we have _glaidsembland_ for an appearance +of joy or gladness, a _cheerful countenance_; and in b. ii. v. 159.: + + "As that drery unarmyt wicht was sted + And with _eine_[8] blent about _semyn ful red_." + + [Footnote 8: Your correspondent's extract has _ane_; but _eyes_ + are evidently meant.] + +There are other words which appear in an uncommon form in these +extracts, for instance, _telid_ and _telith_, _hirched_ and _hirching_; +and the following plural form I do not recollect to have observed +elsewhere: + + "For ser deyntes and many _mes_ + Make men falle in many _sicknes_." + +In the last line of the first page, _Salhanas_ should be _Sathanas_: + + "And so slew Jesu Sathanas," + +reminding us of the tradition mentioned by DR. RIMBAULT, "the Devil died +when Christ _suffered_," not when he was _born_. + + S. W. Singer. + + Mickleham, Aug. 18. 1851. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Lady Flora Hastings' Bequest_ (Vol. iii., pp. 443. 522.; Vol. iv., pp. +44. 92. 108.).--ERZA regrets extremely the mistake she has made with +regard to the above poem. The person from whom, and the circumstances +under which she received it, all tended to confirm her in her error till +the last moment--with which, if the authoress of this beautiful poem +were acquainted, ERZA is sure she would be forgiven. + + [To these regrets on the part of ERZA we have to add the + expression of our own that our columns should have been made the + medium of a statement which it is obvious originated in error. We + regret also that, after the contradictions given to the first + statement, ERZA should, without a positive knowledge of the real + facts of the case, have reiterated in such strong terms the claims + of Lady Flora Hastings to the authorship of a poem which it is now + quite clear is really the production of Miss Barber.] + +"_The Right Divine of Kings to govern wrong_" (Vol. iv., p. 125).--I +cannot concur in MR. CROSSLEY'S conjecture that the _marks of quotation_ +affixed to this line in the eighteenth book of the _Dunciad_ may have +been a mere _error of the press_; because, in the first place, I do not +find that the _Dunciad_ is more negligently printed than other works of +the day. I should say rather less so; but (which is more important) any +one who will look at the successive editions will, I think, be satisfied +that the _remarkable typography_ of the line, carefully reproduced in +_all_, could not be accidental. This matter is less trifling than it at +first sight may seem, because there are several lines in Pope's works +similarly marked as quotations, on which questions have arisen; and my +belief is that everything so marked will turn out to have really been a +_quotation_, though in this case, and in that other, + + "No Lord's anointed but a Russian bear," + +we have, as yet, failed to find the original. + + C. + +_Fairlight Church_ (Vol. iv., p. 57.).--The old church was Early +English; the original windows were lancet-shaped. It was built, like all +the adjoining churches, of stone; but it had been repaired with brick, +and the roof of the tower had been covered with tiles instead of +shingles. The earliest brick building in Sussex, after the Roman period, +is Herstmonceux Castle, built by Sir Roger de Fynes, treasurer of the +household to Henry VI. + + W. D. COOPER + +_Dogmatism and Puppyism_ (Vol. iv, p. 102).--The quotation your +correspondent writes about to be found in MR. DOUGLAS JERROLD'S _A Man +Made of Money_, p. 252.: + + "'Robert, my dear,' said Jenny, with the deferential air of a + scholar, 'Robert, what did Mr. Carraways mean when he said he + hated dog--dogmatism?' Topps was puzzled. 'Robert, my dear,' Jenny + urged, 'what--what in the world is dogmatism?' Now it was the + weakness of Topps, never to confess ignorance of anything soever + to his wife. 'A man should never do it,' Topps had been known in + convivial seasons to declare; 'it makes 'em conceited.' Whereupon + Topps prepared himself, as was his wont, to make solemn, + satisfying, answer. Taking off his hat, and smoothing the wrinkles + of his brow, Topps said, 'Humph! what is dogmatism? Why, it is + this, of course: dogmatism is puppyism come to its full growth.'" + + ED. STEANE JACKSON. + + Saffron Walden, Aug. 10. + +_Was Stella Swift's Sister?_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.; Vol. iv., p. +110.).--That Swift was the son of Sir William Temple seems to have been +completely disproved by Mason. Swift was born in Dublin, 30th November, +1667, in the house of his uncle Godwin Swift, who, after the death of +his younger brother, Jonathan, in the preceding April, took charge of +his widow. Sir William Temple appears from his letters to have been +abroad in a public capacity from 1665 to 1670. If therefore, there +existed such consanguinity between Swift and Stella as to be a bar to +their marriage, it must have arisen in some other way. Swift says that +Stella "was born at Richmond in Surrey, on 13th March, 1681; her father +being the younger brother of a good family in Nottinghamshire [Qy. Sir +Wm. Temple? Sheen, where he resided, was close by], her mother of a +lower degree." There can be little doubt that she was illegitimate. The +question arises, who was her mother? On this point the Richmond registry +might perhaps throw some light. _Has it ever been searched?_ In order +that the supposed consanguinity should have existed, her mother must +have been either Swift's mother, Abigail Swift (_ne_ Erick) of +Leicestershire, or (what seems more probable) an illegitimate +half-sister of Swift. It has been surmised, however, that an impediment +to Swift's marriage of an entirely different nature from consanguinity +may have existed; or that, feeling himself to be labouring under an +hereditary disease, he may have been unwilling to propagate it. I am +much inclined to think that the objection to the marriage of Swift and +Stella, which certainly must have existed, was of this last description; +and that it would have been equally strong the case of any other +female. However this may be, I believe that full credit may be given to +what Swift has stated respecting the perfect purity of his intercourse +with Stella. + + "I knew her from six years old, and had some share in her + education, by directing what books she should read, and + perpetually instructing her in the principles of honour and + virtue, from which she never swerved in any one action or moment + of her life."--Swift's _Works_, vol ix. p. 489. (_citante_ Mason). + + E. H. D. D. + +_Charles Lamb's Epitaph_ (Vol. iii., pp. 322. 459.).--It has been +suggested to me by a lady who was an intimate friend of Lamb's, that Mr. +Justice Talfourd was the author of this epitaph. The observation, +however, was made without, I believe, any _certain_ knowledge on the +subject. + + COWGILL. + +_Meaning of Carnaby_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.).--ARUN inquires as to the +meaning of Carnaby as the name of a street. Carnaby is a surname +probably deriving from the parish of Carnaby in Yorkshire. It has become +a Christian name in the family of ---- Haggerston, Bart., since the +marriage of an heiress of Carnaby's into that family. + +Streets are often called after proper names. + + [Dagger symbol] + +_Scandinavian Mythology_ (Vol. ii, p. 141.).--Your correspondent T. J. +has called attention to the tradition-falsifying assertion of Mr. G. +Pigott, that the custom with which the Scandinavians were long +reproached, of drinking out of the skulls of their enemies, has no other +foundation than a blunder of Olaus Wormius in translating a passage in +the death-song of Regner Lodbrog. + +The following extracts from the curious and learned work of Bartholinus, +_De Causis Contempt a Danis Adhuc Gentilibus Mortis_, will, I think, +show that the subject deserves further inquiry before we consent to +place this ancient historical tradition in the category of vulgar +errors. Speaking of the banquets of the beatified heroes in Valhalla, +Bartholinus says: + + "Neque tamen ex communi animalium cornu elaborata pocula in + Valhalla viserentur; sacratiora desiderabantur ex csorum craniis + inimicorum confecta, qu apud Danos vel ex Dani oriundos, alias + quoque gentes, in summo erant pretio."--Lib. ii. cap. xii. p. 555. + +In proof of this assertion he quotes the following authors; Herodotus +(lib. iv. cap. 65.) and Plato (Euthydemus), who attribute this custom to +the Scythians. Aristotle is supposed to allude to it, _De Repub._ lib. +vii. cap. 2. In the _Historia Miscellanea_, lib. vi., it is mentioned as +a custom of the Scordisci; and similar customs are recorded of the +Panebi by Nicolaus Damascenus, of the Essedones by Solinus and Mela, of +the Boii by Livy (lib iii. cap. 24.), of the Celts by Silius Italicus +(lib. ii.), of the Langobards by Paulus Diaconus (lib. i. cap. 27.). The +last-mentioned author informs us that these skull cups were alled +"scal;" upon which Bartholinus remarks-- + + "Unde genus, undeque morem ejusmodi conficiendarum paterarum unde + etiam nomen _scal_ iis inditum, ex septentrione nempe traxerunt + Langobardi manifestum facient Vaulundar qvidu. + + "Enn poer skalar + &c. &c. + h. e. + Crania autem illa + Qu pericraniis suberant + Argento obduxit et + Nidado tradidit." + + W. B. R. + +_Scandal against Queen Elizabeth_ (Vol. iii., pp. 225. 285. 393.).--I do +not recollect that either of your correspondents on this subject has +brought forward the aspersion upon Queen Elizabeth's fair fame in +precisely the same form in which the Jesuit Sanders places it in the +following passage:-- + + "Hc Ecclesi contra ipsam sententi, et Catholicorum novis + incrementis quotidianis, non mediocriter offensa Elizabetha, + convocatis ordinibus, leges valde iracundas et cruentas contra + veteris fidei cultores promulgat: quibus primum cavetur, _ne quis + Elizabetham hreticam, schismaticam, infidelem, usurpatricemve, + sub poen capitis vocet_. Item. _Ne quis aliam quamcunque certam + personam nominet, cui regnum vel in vit, vel post mortem ipsius, + deberi dicatur, except Elizabeth naturali prole._ Ea enim sunt + ipsa decreti verba. In eam enim homines vel adulationem vel + necessitatem ita perduxit hresis, ut quod illud nobilissimum + regnum illegitim illius regis sui proli gre unquam concessit, + nunc _naturali_, id est, _spuri_, soboli regin in cujus sexu + fornicationis peccatum est foedius, non denegarint: pariter et + reipublic, ex proximi successoris ignoratione, extremum + periculum, et Elizabeth incontinentiam prodentes."--Nicolai + Sanderi _Hist. Schism. Angl._ lib. iii. Nov leges lat in + Catholicos, ann. 1571, ed. 8vo. Col. Agr. 1628, p. 299. + +To some of your readers this passage may seem to indicate that the use +of the equivocal word _naturali_ may have given colour, not to say +occasion, to the whole scandal against Queen Elizabeth. By many, I +apprehend, it will be acknowledged that _spuri_ is not the only, if an +allowable, interpretation. + + J. SANSOM. + + Oxford, July 22. 1851. + +_Meaning of "Deal"_ (Vol. iv., p. 88.).--I think the following may help +to throw a little light upon the use of the word _deal_ as meaning +_divide_. I was in Wensleydale about a month ago; and on inquiring where +the boundary between the North and West Ridings of Yorkshire ran, was +told, "On the top of Penhill, where God's water deals" (_i. e._ the rain +divides). I may further add, on my own knowledge, that in the north-west +corner of Suffolk, where the country is almost entirely open, the +boundaries of the different parishes are marked by earthen mounds, from +three to six feet high, which are known in the neighbourhood as _dools_ +the word being probably derived from the same root. I have been told, +however, that it should be spelled _duals_, and that the derivation of +it was from the Latin _duo_ as marking two parishes; but I am sure that +it is always pronounced by the country-people at a monosyllable, and +therefore the chances are in favour of the former derivation being the +right one. + +_A propos_ to Suffolk, another of your correspondents (Vol. iv., p. 55) +lately mentioned the fashion the people there have of leaving out the +_ve_ in the middle of the names of places. In this I can bear him +witness also; but I do not think it is confined to those letters only: +_e. g._ Eriswell, pronounced _Asel_; Wymondham (in Norfolk) _Wyndham_, +&c. Among those names of places in which the _ve_ is left out, your +correspondent has omitted Elved_e_n (commonly, though erroneously, +Elved_o_n), which is always called and often spelled _Elden_. + + A. N. + +_"The Worm in the Bud," &c._ (Vol. iv., p. 86.).--This quotation is from +Cowper's lines appended to the Bill of Mortality for the parish of All +Saints, Northampton, for 1787: + + "Read, ye that run, the awful truth + With which I charge my page; + A worm is in the bud of youth, + And at the root of age." + +I know not with whom the idea originated. The imagery is frequently used +by Shakspeare, but with him never indicates disease or death. + +I can call to mind no similar expression in the classics. + + H. E. H. + +_Moore's Almanack_ (Vol. iv., p. 74.).--Your correspondent FRANCIS is in +error as to the MSS. and correspondence of Henry Andrews being in the +possession of his son, Mr. Wm. Henry Andrews. Mr. W. H. Andrews some +time ago sold to me the whole of his father's MSS. correspondence, +astronomical and astrological calculations, with a mass of very curious +letters from persons desirous of having their "nativities cast." I have +also some copies of Andrews' portrait, one of which shall be much at +your service. + +Moore's _Almanack_ was known by that name long before Andrews had any +connection with it, but he was for upwards of forty years its compiler +for the Company of Stationers, whose liberal (?) treatment of Andrews +may be collected from the following postscript to a letter addressed to +me by his son:-- + + "My father's calculations, &c., for Moore's _Almanack_, continued + during a period of forty-three years; and although through his + great talent and management he increased the sale of that work + from 100,000 to 500,000, yet, strange to say, all he received for + his services was 25_l._ per ann.!! Yet I never heard him murmur + even once about it; such was his delight in pursuing his favourite + studies, that his anxiety about remuneration was out of the + question. Sir Richard Phillips, who at times visited him at + Royston, once met him in London, and endeavoured to persuade him + to go with him to Stationers' Hall, and he would get him 100_l._; + but he declined going, saying that he was satisfied." + +Andrews was also computer to the Board of Longitude, and Maskelyne's +_Letters_ evidence the value and correctness of his calculations. + +The only materials left by Andrews for a memoir of his life I believe I +possess, and some day I may find leisure to put them into order for +publication. + + ROBT. COLE. + +_Scurvy Ale._--The Query (Vol. iv., p. 68.) "What was scurvy ale?" may +perhaps be answered by an extract from a little work, _The Polar Sea and +Regions_, published by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh. In the account of +Baffin's voyage, in which he discovered the bay called after him +Baffin's Bay, we are told that-- + + "Finding the health of his crew rather declining, he sailed across + to Greenland, where an abundance of _scurvy grass boiled in beer_ + quickly restored them; and the Lord then sent them a speedy and + good passage homeward." + +Johnson explains scurvy-grass as spoonwort. + + W. FRASER. + +_Siege of Londonderry_ (Vol. iv., p. 87.).--Will you have the goodness +to inform your correspondent that I have a pamphlet, printed soon after +the famous siege was over, giving a particular account of it, though it +altogether omits mentioning the name of an ancestor of mine who +distinguished himself in the relief of that place. I shall be happy to +afford E. A. any information or assistance he may require. + + B. G. + +_Salting the Bodies of the Dead_ (Vol. iv., p. 6.), about which MR. +MCCABE asks, is a very old custom in England. Matt. Paris, in his +description of Abbot William's funeral at St. Albans, A.D. 1235, tells +us how-- + + "Corpus apertum est. &c. Et quicquid in corpore repertum est, in + quadam cuna repositum est, sale conspersum. Et in coemiterio, est + humatum. Corpus autem interius, aceto lotum et imbutum et multo + sale respersum et resutum. Et hoc sic factum est circumspecte et + prudenter, ne corpus per triduum et amplius reservandum, tetrum + aliquem odorem olfacientibus generaret et corpus tumulandum, + contrectantibus aliquod offendiculum praesentaret."--_Vit S. + Albani Abbatum_, p. 87. ed. Wats, Paris, 1644. + + DA. ROCK. + + Buckland, July 24. 1851. + +In the 86th and two following sections of the Second Book of Herodotus +is the description of the ancient Egyptian methods of preserving the +bodies of the dead. These were more or less embalmed with aromatic +spices, according to the condition of the person, and then corned with +saltpetre ([Greek: litron], _nitre_) for seventy days; strictly, +_salted_. Is it possible that the early Christians, in adopting this +practice, may have been influenced by that very obscure passage, Mark +ix. 49.: "Every one shall be _salted_ with fire?" + + ALFRED GATTY. + +The custom of placing a plate of salt on the body of the dead is very +general in Wales. I remember, when a child, inquiring the reason of the +practice, and being told by an old woman that it was to prevent the body +from swelling. My remark, that _any_ weight might answer the same +purpose, was met by the reply; "there's no weight so heavy as salt gets +when it is on the dead." This proves that some feeling of superstition +mingles with the custom. Has not the use of salt in baptism, amongst the +Italians &c., come allusion to the banishment of the evil spirit? + + SELEUCUS. + +_The Word "Repudiate"_ (Vol. iv., p. 54.).--That the use of the word +_repudiate_, in the sense of refuse, repel, reject, abandon, disown, +cast off, is by no means modern; and that such phrases as "I repudiate +the idea," "I repudiate the sentiment," "I repudiate the proposal," are +strictly correct, is evident from the use of the word by "standard +classical authors" in the original language from which it has come down +to us. Sallust, for instance, in his _History of Catiline's Conspiracy_, +says that Lentulus advised him to seek assistance everywhere, even +amongst the dregs of the populace; asking him at the same time, "Why, +since the senate had already adjudged him to be an enemy to the +republic, he should _repudiate the slaves_?" i. e., refuse to enrol them +in his levies. + + "Cum ab senatu hostis judicatus sit, quo consilio _servitia + repudiet_?"--_Sall. Cat._ 44. + +Cicero, in his Offices, in opposition to the opinion of the peripatetic +school, that anger is implanted in us by nature for useful ends, lays it +down as a principle, that "on all occasions _anger ought to be +repudiated_;" that is, "cast out of the mind," and says that "it is to +be wished that persons who are at the head of the state should be like +the laws, which inflict punishment not in anger but in justice." + + "_Illa_ (iracundia) vero omnibus in rebus _repudianda + est_."--_Cic. de Off._ I. xxv. 13. + +Cicero knew nothing of the Christian grace of "being angry and sinning, +not;" he knew nothing of the severity of love. In another place he tells +us that on one occasion Themistocles declared in the Athenian assembly, +that he had a plan to propose which would be of great advantage to the +state, but ought not to be made public. He was willing, however, to +communicate it to any one person whom they might select. Aristides, +rightly named the Just, being the person selected, Themistocles +disclosed his plan to him: which was, secretly to set fire to the +Lacedmonian fleet in the dockyard of Gytheum, by which means they would +effectually crush the power of the Lacedmonians. Aristides returned to +the assembly, and at once declared that Themistocles' plan was certainly +very advantageous, but by no means honourable; whereupon the Athenians, +rightly considering that what was not attended with honour, could not be +attended even with advantage in reality, without hearing another word, +"_repudiated the whole affair_;" that is, utterly rejected the proposal. + + "Itaque Athenienses, quod honestum non esset, id ne utile quidem + putaverunt; _totamque eam rem_, quam ne audierant quidem, auctore + Aristide, _repudiaverunt_."--_Cic. de Off._ III. xi. 12. + +In a third place, he relates that some persons forged a will of one +Minucius Basilus, who had died in Greece; and, in order that they might +the more easily obtain their end, put down Marcus Crassus and Quintus +Hortensius, two of the most influential men in Rome at that time, as +co-legatees with themselves, who although they suspected the will to be +forged, yet did not _repudiate the little legacy_ coming to them through +other persons' fraud, because forsooth they were not privy to the actual +commission of the forgery. + + "Qui cum illud falsum esse suspicarentur, sibi autem nullius + essent conscii culp, alieni facinoris _munusculum non + repudiaverunt_."--_Cic. de Off._ III. xviii. 4. + +A little further research might easily multiply instances, but I think +these are quite sufficient to prove that we moderns are but following +the ancients in using the word _repudiate_ without reference to any +_obligation_ expressed or implied. + + F. F. F. + +_Repudiate, Ringlet, Outburst_ (Vol. iv., p. 54.).--Your correspondent +H. C. K. has dealt, I fear, somewhat too harshly with "repudiate." +Surely "repudiare" is "to reject what one is ashamed of, scorns, or +disdains." Two instances immediately suggest themselves in _Cicer. pro +Plancio_, 18 (44). 20 (50). In the former-- + + "Respuerent aures, nemo agnosceret, repudiarent," + +perhaps the word is a gloss upon "respuerunt." The latter, however, is +unexceptionable: + + "Nunquam enim fere nobilitas, integra prsertim atque innocens, a + Populo Romano supplex repudiata fuit." + +Why then should "repudiate" necessarily imply the notion of +"obligation?" and why should I, if I "repudiate" the criticism of H. C. +K., be held to "talk nonsense?" + +May I be allowed room for a couple of Queries? 1. Is our modern usage of +"ringlet" found before the time of Milton? 2. What is the earliest +authority for "outburst?" + + CHARLES THIRIOLD. + + Cambridge, July 29. 1851. + +_On the Letter "v"_ (Vol. iv., p. 55.).--I have read with pleasure the +paragraphs in your "NOTES AND QUERIES" on "the letter _v_," and beg +space for a further notice, with an especial reference to the patronymic +of _Ray_ or _Wray_. One family uses the motto, "Juste et _V_rai," whose +name is _Wray_; and another the same motto, whose name is _Ray_. And it +will be remembered that John Ray, the naturalist, changed the +orthography of his name from _Wray_ to _Ray_, as he concluded it had +been formerly written; and in one of the letters published by the Ray +Society[9], allusion is made to the adjective or substantive _vrai_, as +if that distinguished philosopher and divine had either derived his name +thence, or it had the same signification as that French word. Are we +then to take this as an instance of the silent _v_ or _double u_ or _v_; +and as any proof that families writing their names _Wray_ and _Ray_ were +originally of one patronymic and one common root, and that presumptively +Norman? + + [Footnote 9: Vide the _Correspondence of John Ray_. Edited by + Edwin Lankester, M.D. London, 1848, pp. 65, 66.] + +Under a separate heading, perhaps you will also indulge me with a Query +as to the coat of arms, under the portrait by Bathon, 1760, after W. +Hibbart, of Joannes Rajus, A.M., prefixed to Dr. Derham's _Life of John +Ray_, published by George Scott, M.A. and F.R.S.: London, 1760. The +shield is, gules, on a fesse, between three crescents, three cross +crosslets. Is it inferable that that coat was ever borne by patent or +admissible prescriptive right, by any of his ancestors? Several families +in the north of England, whence his father came, also have registered in +respectable armories crescents against their names. The poor origin of +John Ray is obviated, in some degree, by what is said in a Life of him, +published in _The Portrait Gallery of British Worthies_, by Charles +Knight. I suppose he himself used the armorials in question, and was +related to the family of nearly the same name, bearing crescents, viz. +Reay. + +The glasses of some of your correspondents may assist one more +shortsighted than themselves. + + H. W. G. R., Presbyter, + + and Member of the Ray Society. + + 1. Mead Place, Derby, Aug. 2. 1851. + +I beg leave to correct a remark of W. S. W***. as to _Tiverton_, Devon, +which was never pronounced _Terton_; it is Twiverton, near Bath, which +is pronounced _Twerton_. + + S. S. + +_"Whig" and "Tory"_ (Vol. iv., p. 57.).--The name "Whig" is derived from +the Celtic _ugham_, a sort of large saddle, with bags attached to it, in +use among the freebooters of the borders of Scotland: hence those +robbers were known to the Highlanders by the name of _Whiggam-more_, or +"big-saddle thieves;" and when the Civil War broke out, the Highlanders +and Irish, who supported the king, called themselves _a taobh Righ_, _i. +e._ "the king's party," and gave the name of _Whiggamore thieves_ to +their opponents. _Whiggammore_ and _taobh Righ_ soon became shortened to +_Whig_ and _Tory_, and in aftertimes served to distinguish the +supporters of the rival houses of Hanover and Stuart. The modern +signification of the terms is different, _Whig_ being taken to mean +"liberal," and _Tory_ "exclusive." + + FRAS. CROSSLEY. + +_Planets of the Months_ (Vol. iv., p. 23.).--I do not understand this +Query. What is meant by "planets for the months?" There are twelve +months, and in common parlance only seven planets. Nor do I see what is +meant by "precious stones symbolizing _those_ planets." In heraldry, the +arms of sovereigns and royal personages are blazoned by the names of the +sun, moon, and planets, for colours, as those of noblemen are by +precious stones. If this is what is asked after, the following table +will explain it:-- + + _Colours._ _Pr. Stones._ _Planets._ + Or Topaz Sol + Argent Pearl Luna + Sable Diamond Saturn + Gules Ruby Mars + Azure Sapphire Jupiter + Vert Emerald Venus + Purpure Amethyst Mercury + + C. + +_Baronets of Ireland_ (Vol. iv., p. 44.).--The two following extracts +may throw some light upon the origin of the title of baronet. James I. +probably adopted this title, which he found to have been so long +existing in Ireland, for the new order of nobility he was about to +establish. And it should be remembered that the order of baronet was +instituted for the purpose of promoting the plantation of Ulster. + +The names mentioned in the second extract are probably those of the +baronets whom Spenser mentions as being, in existence in his time. There +was, thirty years ago, a "Baron of Galtrim;" perhaps there is still. + + EUDOX: "You say well, for by the increase of Freeholders, their + numbers hereby will be greatly augmented; but how should it passe + through the higher house, which still must consiste all of Irish?" + + IREN: "Marry, that also may bee redressed by ensample of that + which I heard was done in the like case by King Edward III. (as I + remember), who being greatly bearded and crossed by the Lords of + the cleargie, they being there [_i. e._ in the Parliament of + _Ireland_] by reason of the Lords Abbots, and others, too many and + too strong for him, so as hee could not for their frowardnesse + order and reforme things as hee desired, was advised to direct out + his writts to certaine Gentlemen of the best ability and trust, + entitling them therein Barons, to serve and sitt as Barons in the + next Parlament. By which meanes hee had so many Barons in his + Parlament, as were able to weigh down the Cleargie and their + friends: the which Barons, they say, were not afterwards Lords, + but onely Baronets, as sundry of them doe yet retayne the + name."--Spenser's "View of the State of Ireland," in the _Ancient + Irish Histories_, Dublin Edition, 1809, pp. 223, 224. + + "BARONETS. + + "Seint Leger, Baronet of Slemarge, meere Irish. + Den, Baronet of Por man ston, waxing Irish. + Fitz Gerald, Baronet of Burnchurch. + Welleslye, Baronet of Narraghe. + [Ancestor of the Duke of Wellington.] + Husee, Baronet of Galtrim. + S. Michell, Baronet of Reban. + Marwarde, Baronet of Scryne. + Nangle, Baronet of Navan." + + Campion's "Historie of Ireland," written in the yeare 1571, p. + 12. (In the _Ancient Irish Histories_, Dublin edition, 1809.) + + T. J. + +_Hopkins the Witchfinder_ (Vol. ii., pp. 392. 413.).--Your +correspondents will find some "curious memoirs" of this person in the +_Anthologia Hibernica_ for June, 1793, p. 424. The memoirs are +embellished with a plate "correctly copied from an extreme rare print in +the collection of J. Bindley, Esq." + + R. H. + +_Plowden_ (Vol. iv., p. 58.).--From Burke's _Landed Gentry_, 1846, under +"Plowden of Plowden" (A.D. 1194), it would appear that Edmund was of +Wansted, Hampshire, and ancestor of the Plowdens of Lassam, Hants, and +that he "was styled in his will, July 29, 1655, Sir Edmund, lord earl +palatine, governor, and captain general, of the province of New Albion." +I would suggest to your Transatlantic readers the interest that would be +derived from a compilation of surnames in the United States; and in +cases where it can be ascertained, the date of introduction, position of +first immigrant, ancestry, and descendants. The names and subsequent +history of those families who remained loyal during the American +Revolution, are worthy of record; most of whom have, I believe, +prospered in the world since the confiscation of their property. + +The names of the followers of William the Conqueror are often alluded +to; but the "comers over" at the conquest of Wales, Scotland, and +Ireland are but seldom thought of, though they lend to their +descendants' pedigree a degree of historical interest. + + A. C. + +_As lazy as Ludlam's Dog_ (Vol. i., pp. 382. 475.).--This proverb is to +be found in Ray's first edition (1670), and is quoted in a little book +entitled _Scarronides, et cet._, a burlesque on the second book of +Virgil's _neid_. neas, reposing on the "toro alto," is likened to +"Ludlam's curr, on truckle lolling;" whilst a marginal note says "'Tis a +proverb, Ludlam's dog lean'd his head against a wall when he went to +bark." Both here and in Ray the name is spelt _Ludl_a_m_. + + CRANMORE. + +_Pope and Flatman_ (Vol. iv., p. 132.).--The piece quoted by MR. BARTON +had long since been pointed out by Warton (_Essay on Pope_), who has +also collected many others which Pope _may_ have known and made use of, +some which he _must_. + + V. + +_Spenser's Faerie Queene_ (Vol. iv., p. 133.).--The explanation of the +stanza in question would occupy more space than I think you would spare +me. It will suffice to note that a very sufficient one will be found in +Todd's edition of _Spenser_ (1803) in vol. iii., at the close of canto +ix. book ii.; and that the letter of Sir K. Digby is given at full +length, before the editor's own commentary and explanation, in that +place. + + V. + + Belgravia. + +_Bells in Churches_ (Vol. ii., p. 326.).--In reply to the inquiry +whether there is still a law against the use of bells as a summons to +divine services, except in churches, which has not been answered, permit +me to quote the following sentences from a judgment of Lord Chief +Justice Campbell, as reported in the _Times_ of August 14. + + "First, with regard to the right of using bells at all. By the + common law, churches of every denomination had a full right to use + bells, and it was a vulgar error to suppose that there was any + distinction at the present time in this respect. At the same time, + those bells might undoubtedly be made use of in such a manner as + to create a nuisance; and in that case a Protestant church and a + Roman Catholic one were equally liable." + +The case (Soltan _v._ De Weld) from the judgment in which the above +remarks are extracted was tried at the Croydon Assizes, and related to +the use of bells by a Romanist community in such a manner as was alleged +to be a nuisance. + + ARUN. + +_Proverb of James I._ (Vol. iv., p. 85.).--The meaning of this proverb +will be found in Jamieson's _Scottish Dictionary_, 4to. ed:--To "_cone_" +or "_cunne_" thanks, is "to give thanks; to express a sense of +obligation; to leave a sense of obligation." + + S. WMSON. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Many of our readers who take an interest in our Anglo-Saxon Language and +Literature are aware that an accomplished German scholar, Dr. Pauli, has +during a residence of considerable length in this country been devoting +his attention to those subjects; and we have just received some of the +fruits of his labours in a volume entitled _Knig lfred und seine +Stelle in der Geschichte Englands_. It is an interesting contribution to +a very important period in the history of this country; and it is the +more valuable from the use made in it of the labours of our own +distinguished Saxonists, Kemble and Thorpe. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Letters on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Duties of the +Christian Religion_, by Olinthus Gregory. The words _Ninth Edition_, on +the title-page of this new volume, sufficiently attest the value of this +addition to Bohn's _Standard Library_. + +_The Stranger in London, or Visitor's Companion to the Metropolis and +its Environs, with an historical and descriptive Sketch of the Great +Exhibition_, by Cyrus Redding. This Guide claims the merit of being "not +merely descriptive but pictorial;" and it does well, for its woodcuts +form the most valuable portion of the book. + +_Address at the Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Geographical Society_, +by Captain W. H. Smyth, R.N., President, &c. This Address give a concise +yet most clear view of the progress of Geographical Discovery during the +preceding year; and is alike creditable to the learned and gallant +Captain and the Society over which he presides. + +We desire to direct the attention of our readers, more especially those +who are old enough to remember the first appearance the _The Literary +Gazette_, to the Testimonial which the friends of the Editor, Mr. +Jerdan, propose to present to that gentleman. The names of the +Committee, and a statement of the Subscriptions in aid of the object, +will be found in our advertising columns. + +The Memorial which we mentioned some time since as having been addressed +to the master of the Rolls, requesting "that persons who are merely +engaged in historical inquiry, antiquarian research, and other literary +pursuits connected therewith, should have permission granted them to +have access to the Public Records, with the Indices and Calendars, +without payment of Fees," has been very favourable responded to by Sir +John Romilly; and a meeting of the gentlemen by whom it was signed has +been held at the apartments of the Society of Antiquaries, when certain +resolutions were agreed to, acknowledging the obligations of antiquarian +literature to Sir John Romilly for the arrangements which he has at +present determined upon, and for the further increased facilities for +consulting the documents in question, which he has promised on the +completion of the new Record Office. The thanks of the Meeting were also +voted to Mr. Bruce, with whom the movement originated. + +Mr. C. Roach Smith has issued proposals for publishing by subscription +an Illustrated Catalogue of his Museum of Antiquities, composed +principally of remains of the Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Medival periods, +discovered in the bed of the Thames, and during excavations in London. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--William Nield's (46. Burlington Arcade) Catalogue +No. 6. of Very Cheap Books; W. Brown's (130. and 131. Old Street) List +of Theological Books selected from the Library of the late Rev. E. +Bickersteth. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +NATURAL HISTORY OF THE BRITISH ENTOMOSTRAC, by W. Baird, M.D. (Ray +Society's Publications.) + +Barrington's Edition of THE ANGLO-SAXON VERSION OF OROSIUS, by Alfred +the Great. 8vo. London, 1773. (An Imperfect Copy, containing only the +Anglo-Saxon, from p. 1. to 242., would be sufficient.) + +BRITISH ESSAYISTS, by Chalmers. 45 Vols. Johnson and Co. Vols. VI. VII. +VIII. IX. and XXIII. + +KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPEARE. Part XXV. + +BUDDEN'S LIFE OF ARCHBISHOP MORTON, 1607. + +THOMAS LYTE'S ANCIENT BALLADS AND SONGS. 12mo. 1827. + +DODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT THE SOUL +IS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c. + +REFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS; or, Remarks on his Account of +Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Colonel Luke +Lillingston, 1704. + +GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. Vol. I. 1731. + +NEW ENGLAND JUDGED, NOT BY MAN'S BUT BY THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD, &c. By +George Bishope. 1661. 4to. Wanted from p. 150. to the end. + +REASON AND JUDGMENT, OR SPECIAL REMARQUES OF THE LIFE OF THE RENOWNED +DR. SANDERSON, LATE LORD BISHOP OF LINCOLN. 1663. Sm. 4to. Wanted from +p. 90. to the end. + +TRISTRAM SHANDY. 12mo. Tenth Edition. 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Published in +1849. + +THREE REPORTS, by Mr. Griffith Davies, Actuary to the _Guardian_, viz.: + +Report on the Bombay Civil Fund, published 1836. ------------ Bengal +Medical Retiring Fund, published 1839. ------------ Bengal Military +Fund, published 1844. + +OBSERVATIONS ON THE MORTALITY AND PHYSICAL MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN, by +Mr. Roberton, Surgeon, London, 1827. + + [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, + _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_To account for the non-appearance of several letters which have been +received, and to prevent others of a like nature from being sent, the +Editor begs to state that as it is obviously impossible that well-known +controverted points in religion, politics, science &c., can be +adequately discussed in a work like "NOTES AND QUERIES," we cannot +insert letters which go directly to provoke the discussion of such +points. Correspondents from whom they are received, we can only refer to +the notorious sources of information; inquirers to whom these are +unknown, are probably not in a state to profit by any dispute which they +might engender._ + +J. B. _or_ J. O. (Birmingham). _The Editor believes that the portraits +respecting which our correspondent inquires are mere impostures unworthy +of notice._ + +S. P. H. T. _is thanked for his kind reminder. The subject has not been +lost sight of; but postponed partly from the pressure of correspondence, +and the consequent want of room--partly from want of time. We hope +however to take some steps in it before the present volume is +completed._ + +T. LAWRENCE. _The puzzling epitaph forwarded by our correspondent has +already been recorded and explained in_ "NOTES AND QUERIES." _See_ Vol. +II., pp. 311. 346. + +E. H. Y. _The Query was inserted_ Vol. iii., p. 351.; _and the only +satisfactory reply received is one not calculated for publication, +but shall be forwarded to our correspondent, if he will kindly say how +a letter may be addressed to him._ + +F. R. R._'s Query respecting the "Hanap Cup" has been anticipated in +our_ 1st Vol. p. 477., _and replied to at_ p. 492. + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor--Thread the +Needle--Pope and Flatman--Spenser's Faerie Queene--Men may live +Fools--Separation of Sexes in Church--Bensleys of Norwich--Cowper or +Cooper--House of Yvery--Spon--A Saxon Bell-house--The late William +Hone--Thistle of Scotland--Yankee, &c. 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Ulrich von Hutten; 6. +Original Papers about William Penn, contributed by Hepworth Dixon; 7. +Edward Bickersteth; 8. Christian Iconography and Legendary Art: the Four +Evangelists, by J. G. Waller; 9. Breydenbach's Pilgrimage to the Holy +Land; 10. Literary Admission to the Public Records; 11. Correspondence +of Silvanus Urban; 12. Notes of the Month. With a full Report of the +Proceedings of the Archological Institute at Bristol and at Wells; +Historical Chronicle; and OBITUARY, including Memoirs of Sir Edward +Stracey, Dr. Lingard, Sir Francis Simpkinson, Q.C., Mr. Rogers, Q.C., +Mrs. Harriet Lee, and other eminent persons recently deceased. Price +2_s._ 6_d._ + + NICHOLS & SON, Parliament Street. + + +Now ready, fcap. 8vo., price 7_s._ 6_d._ + + A THIRD SERIES OF + + PLAIN SERMONS, addressed to a Country Congregation. By the late + Rev. EDWARD BLENCOWE, Curate of Teversal, Notts, and formerly + Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford. + + ALSO, + + A NEW EDITION OF THE FIRST SERIES, and A SECOND EDITION OF THE + SECOND SERIES, price 7_s._ 6_d._ each. + + "Their style is simple; the sentences are not artfully + constructed; and there is an utter absence of all attempt at + rhetoric. The language is plain Saxon language, from which 'the + men on the wall' can easily gather what it most concerns them to + know."--_Theologian._ + + Also, 2 vols. 12mo., sold separately, 8_s._ each, + + SERMONS. By the Rev. ALFRED GATTY, M.A., Vicar of Ecclesefield. + + "Sermons of a high and solid character--earnest and + affectionate."--_Theologian._ + + "Plain and practical, but close and scholarly + discourses."--_Spectator._ + + London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + +EVANS ON THE CORPOREAL RELATIONS OF MAN. + + In small 8vo., price 7_s._ 6_d._, the Second Edition of + + THE MINISTRY OF THE BODY. BY the Rev. ROBERT WILSON EVANS, B.D., + Vicar of Heversham, late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and + author of "The Rectory of Valehead," and the "Bishopric of Souls." + + RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; + + Of whom may be had, by the same Author, lately published, + + PAROCHIAL SKETCHES. In Verse. (With Wood-cuts.) 6_s._ + + +Just published, Vols. III. and IV., 8vo. price 28_s._ cloth, + + THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND: with Sketches of their Lives, and + Miscellaneous Notices connected with the Courts at Westminster + from the time of the Conquest. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A., of the + Inner Temple. + + Lately published, Vols. I. and II. in 8vo, price 28_s._ cloth. + + "We spoke fully of the plan of this very able work on the + appearance of the first and second volumes. The portion before us + is in no respect Inferior to that which was first published. It is + now manifest that, quite apart from any biographical interest + belonging to it, the work, in its complete state, will supply a + regular and progressive account of English legal institutions, + such as exists in no other equally accessible form in our + language.... So completed, it will be a work of the highest + merit--original in research, careful and conscientious in detail, + bringing forward much that is new in connexion with the subject, + correcting much that was doubtful in previous writers who have + handled it, and supplying the best general view of our strictly + legal history which any historian or jurist has yet aimed or + attempted to give."--_Examiner._ + + London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + +CHRONICLES of the ANCIENT BRITISH CHURCH, previous to the Arrival of St. +Augustine, A.D. 596. Second Edition. Post 4to. price 5_s._ cloth. + + "A work of great utility to general readers."--_Morning Post._ + + "The result of much reading and careful + research."--_Metropolitan._ + + "The author has collected with much industry and care all the + information which can throw light on his subject."--_Guardian._ + + "Not unworthy the attention of our clerical friends."--_Notes and + Queries_, ii. 453. + + GLEANINGS from BRITISH and IRISH ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. By the + Hon. BARBARA BEDFORD. 5_s._ 6_d._ + + A GLOSSARY to the OBSOLETE and UNUSUAL WORDS and PHRASES of the + HOLY SCRIPTURES in the Authorized English Version. By J. JAMESON. + 2_s._ 6_d._ + + The BIBLE STUDENT'S GUIDE to the more correct Understanding of the + English Translation of the OLD TESTAMENT, by reference to the + Original Hebrew. By the Rev. W. WILSON, D.D., Canon of Winchester. + Demy 4to. 2_l._ 2_s._, cloth. + + N.B.--An Index is added of the rendering of every Hebrew Word the + Old Testament. + + London: WERTHEIM & MACINTOSH, 24. Paternoster Row, and of all + Booksellers. + + +BOHN'S CLASSICAL CATALOGUE, comprising all the principal editions of the +Greek and Latin Classics, Translations and Commentaries, with prices +annexed; royal 8vo., half morocco, price 2_s._ 6_d._--Allowed to +Purchasers. + + HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +Just published, + + HOME EDUCATION, edited by ISAAC TAYLOR, a new and revised edition. + Post 8vo., cloth. Price 5_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +Bohn's Standard Library for September. + + LOUIS XIV., by G. P. R. JAMES. New edition, complete in 2 vols., + post 8vo. With portraits of Louis XIV. and Cardinal Mazarin. Per + volume, 3_s._ 6_d._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +This day is published, + + MALTE-BRUN'S GEOGRAPHY. A new edition, with Alphabetical Indices + of 13,500 names. Corrected and revised to the present time, in one + very thick volume 8vo. (1,100 pages.) Price 15_s._ + + [Star symbol] The former edition was published at 1_l._ 10_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +NEW NUMBER OF MR. ARNOLD'S THEOLOGICAL CRITIC. + + Now ready, price 4_s._, by post 4_s._ 6_d._, the Third Number of + + THE THEOLOGICAL CRITIC; a Quarterly Journal. Edited by the Rev. + THOS. KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of + Trinity College, Cambridge. + + This Journal embraces Theology in its widest acceptation, and + several articles of each Number are devoted to Biblical Criticism. + + Contents: 1. Scipio de Ricci; 2. The Ecclesiastical and Religious + Condition of Geneva; 3. The Beast from the Sea; 4. De + Ecclesiastic Britonum Scotorumque Histori fontibus disseruit + Carolus Gulielmus Schll; 5. Galatians iii. iv.; 6. On the + Authority of Plato and Aristotle in the Middle Ages; 7. Hebrew + Metrology; 8. John vi. 51-58.; 9. "Things New and Old;" Books + received; Contents of Theological Journals. + + RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; + + Of whom may be had, THE FIRST AND SECOND NUMBERS price 4_s._ each. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL of No. 186 Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, a No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, August 30. 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 96, +August 30, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, AUGUST 30, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 38405-8.txt or 38405-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/4/0/38405/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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} + li { text-indent:-1em } + +</style> +</head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 96, +August 30, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 96, August 30, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: December 24, 2011 [EBook #38405] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, AUGUST 30, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<h1> +<span id="idno">Vol. IV.—No. 96.</span> + +<span>NOTES <small>AND</small> QUERIES:</span> + +<span id="id1"> A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION</span> + +<span id="id2"> FOR</span> +<span id="id3"> LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</span> +</h1> + +<div class="center1"> +<p class="noindent"><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—C<span class="smcap lowercase">APTAIN</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">UTTLE.</span></p> +</div> + +<p class="noindent center smaller">V<span class="smcap lowercase">OL</span>. IV.—No. 96.</p> +<p class="noindent center smaller">S<span class="smcap lowercase">ATURDAY</span>, A<span class="smcap lowercase">UGUST</span> 30. 1851.</p> + +<p class="noindent center smaller"> Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4<i>d.</i></p> + + + + +<h2><span>CONTENTS.</span></h2> + + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5"> The Caxton Memorial and Chaucer's Monument <a title="Go to page 145" href="#notes145">145</a></p> +</div> + +<p class="larger"> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES</span>:— </p> + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5">Collar of SS., by Edward Foss <a title="Go to page 147" href="#do147">147</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Printing <a title="Go to page 148" href="#Hertf148">148</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Folk Lore:—Bible Divination in Suffolk—Mode of + discovering Bodies of the Drowned—Somersetshire Rhyme <a title="Go to page 148" href="#Hertf148">148</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Dictionary of Hackneyed Quotations <a title="Go to page 149" href="#disco149">149</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Minor Notes:—Cocker's Arithmetic—The Duke of + Normandy—Anachronisms and Errors of Painters—The Ring + Finger—The Od Force—New Costume for Ladies <a title="Go to page 149" href="#disco149">149</a></p> +</div> + +<p class="larger">Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>:—</p> + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5">Judges styled Reverend, &c. <a title="Go to page 151" href="#absurd151">151</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Minor Queries:—Frederick Egmont; Peter (Egmont?)—Unlucky + for Pregnant Women to take on Oath—Cockroach—Felton—Date + of a Charter—Thomas + Tusser the "Husbandman"—Godfrey Higgins' + Works—Noctes Templari—Commissioners on Officers + of Justice in England—Marcus lius Antoninus—Derivation + of Pic-nic—Sir Thomas More's Knighthood—Portrait + of Mandeville—Early History of Dingle—Language + of Ancient Egypt—Dr. Matthew + Sutcliffe—Names first given to Parishes—German + Testament—The Man of Law—The Termination + "Ship"—Nullus and Nemo—The noblest Object + of the Work of Art—Poulster <a title="Go to page 151" href="#absurd151">151</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">M<span class="smcap lowercase">INOR</span> + Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> + A<span class="smcap lowercase">NSWERED</span>:—Rev. Csar de Missy—F. + Beaumont and Jeremy Taylor—"Carve out Dials"—Log + Book—Lord Clydesdale—"Time is the Stuff + of which Life is made"—"Yet forty Days"—The + Empress Helena <a title="Go to page 153" href="#was153">153</a></p> +</div> + + +<p class="larger"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span>:—</p> + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5">Royal Library <a title="Go to page 154" href="#biogr154">154</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">The "Eisell" Controversy <a title="Go to page 155" href="#view155">155</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor <a title="Go to page 157" href="#rivers157">157</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5"> "House of Yvery" <a title="Go to page 158" href="#not158">158</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">On "Rack" in the Tempest <a title="Go to page 158" href="#not158">158</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Richard Rolle of Hampole <a title="Go to page 159" href="#represented159">159</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Replies to Minor Queries:—Lady Flora Hastings' Bequest—"The + Right divine of Kings to govern wrong"—Fairlight + Church—Dogmatism and Puppyism—Was + Stella Swift's Sister?—Charles Lamb's Epitaph—Meaning + of Carnaby—Scandinavian Mythology, &c. <a title="Go to page 160" href="#sick160">160</a></p> +</div> + +<p class="larger">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ISCELLANEOUS</span>:—</p> + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. <a title="Go to page 165" href="#nesse165">165</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Books and Odd Volumes wanted <a title="Go to page 166" href="#during166">166</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Notices to Correspondents <a title="Go to page 166" href="#during166">166</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Advertisements <a title="Go to page 167" href="#public167">167</a> +<span class="pagenum">[145]</span><a id="notes145"></a></p> + +<p class="indh i5"> <a id="was_added1"></a><a title="Go to list of vol. numbers and pages" + href="#pageslist1" class="fnanchor">List of Notes and Queries volumes and pages</a></p> +</div> + + + +<h3><span> THE CAXTON MEMORIAL AND CHAUCER'S MONUMENT.</span></h3> + + + <p class="blockquot">The result of the appeals which have recently been made to the + sympathies of the present age for the purpose of erecting a + Memorial to our first Printer, and of restoring the crumbling + tomb of one of our earliest and greatest Poets, has gone near to + prove that the admirers of Caxton and Chaucer are disposed to + yield to the objects of their hero-worship little more than lip + service. In short, the plan for the Caxton Memorial, and that for + the restoration of Chaucer's Monument, have well nigh failed.</p> + + <p class="blockquot">The projectors of the former had, indeed, in the necessity of + settling what the Caxton Memorial should be, to encounter, at the + very outset of their undertaking, one difficulty from which the + Chaucer Committee was free; and the uncertainty whether it should + assume the form of the symbolical "lamp and fountain" so + poetically suggested by the Dean of St. Paul's, or the ideal + cast-iron statue of the Coalbrook Dale Company, may have had a + sinister effect upon the Subscription List.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> Between the suggestive symbol and the fancy portrait there would + seem to be little room for hesitation, since the former would + merely veil a truth, while the latter would perpetuate a + falsehood. But our readers have had before them a third, and, as + it seems to us, a far more reasonable proposal, in that made by + M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">OLTON</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNEY</span> for a collective impression of Caxton's + original compositions: and we cannot but think that if that + gentleman will take the trouble to enter into the necessary + details as to the extent of such compositions, and the expense of + transcribing and printing them, his scheme may yet be realised, + and that too to the satisfaction of all the subscribers to the + Caxton Memorial. The following communication indicates the favour + with which M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNEY'S</span> proposal will probably be received by the + followers of Caxton's art in this country.</p> + +<p>I have just read with great pleasure the article on "A Caxton Memorial +suggested" in your Number for the 19th of July. I was particularly +pleased with the "<i>proposed conditions</i>;" and as an humble follower of +the art of which Caxton stands at the head, and as an enthusiastic +admirer of that great and talented, and learned printer, I should feel +great pleasure in becoming a subscriber, should anything of the kind be +undertaken; and have no doubt but that many,—aye, as many as might be +required to complete the subscription list, might be found among the +printers of this +<a id="this146"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[146]</span> +country, who would feel proud to subscribe to +such a "Memorial." If anything of the kind should be undertaken, the +projectors might depend upon me becoming a subscriber.</p> + + <p class="right"> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">YLETT</span>, Printer.</p> + + <p class="left"> Horncastle, Aug. 18. 1851.</p> + + + + <p class="blockquot"> The following letter, on the other hand, from a correspondent + whose smallest suggestion deserves, as it will be sure to + receive, the respectful attention of all who have the pleasure of + knowing his high personal character and great acquirements, + although pointing at what might be a fitting Memorial of one of + the greatest of the Worthies of Westminster, clearly indicates + that if M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNEY'S</span> scheme can be carried out it will have the + benefit of the writer's encouragement and support:</p> + + +<p>M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">OLTON</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNEY'S</span> letter is entitled to much attention. It is +satisfactory to learn that the original design has been abandoned. The +fountain and the illumination might be a very pretty idea, but it would +have sorely puzzled some of our countrymen to connect that memorial in +their minds with the name and services of the first English printer.</p> + +<p>Might not the funds that were raised be advantageously employed in +founding a Caxton scholarship at Westminster School; or in the building +or enlarging some school bearing Caxton's name, connected with +Westminster? The spiritual wants of that city are great.</p> + +<p>If the statue be raised, which should not present a <i>bon fide</i> +resemblance to our celebrated printer, it would be worse than +valueless—something like an imposture and it would have as little +connexion with Caxton as the statue in St. Peter's bears to the great +Apostle, though called by his name.</p> + +<p>M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNEY'S</span> proposal, of giving an impression of Caxton's original +compositions, would unquestionably be his most enduring and glorious +monument. These reprints would be dear, not only to the bibliographer, +but to the philologist and men of letters generally. But the work would +be an expensive one, and the editors should be far more liberally +recompensed than by merely receiving a limited number of copies. As the +subscription would probably be very limited, the work should be +undertaken by the nation, and not by individuals; still, the funds +already raised, if not otherwise expended for educational purposes, as +before suggested, would serve as the foundation for accomplishing + M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNEY'S</span> excellent suggestion.</p> + + + <p class="right"> J. H. M.</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> Our present purpose, however, is to call attention to a hint + thrown out not only in the following Note addressed to ourselves + (which, be it observed, has been in type for several weeks), but + also in the pages of our learned and able contemporary the + G<span class="smcap lowercase">ENTLEMAN'S</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">AGAZINE</span>, in an article from which we extract the + most important passage, namely, that in the event of the failure + of the projected Caxton Memorial, the funds subscribed might with + propriety and good effect be applied (the consent of the + subscribers being of course first obtained) to an object with + which Caxton himself would so surely have sympathised, namely, + the restoration of the tomb of Geoffrey Chaucer:</p> + + +<p><i>Chaucer and Caxton.</i>—"Not half" of the required 100<i>l.</i> "has yet been +subscribed" for the restoration of Chaucer's monument. Chaucer was an +especial favourite of Caxton; and as the first English printer seems for +awhile destined to remain without "light and fountain," as once upon a +time suggested by Dr. Milman, treasurer of the Caxton fund, possibly the +subscribers to that fund would not object to the transmission of the sum +required by the old monument of the poet, from the no monument of the +printer? Will the Dean of St. Paul's ask for suffrages on the matter?</p> + + <p class="right"> Q.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> After alluding to the various proposals for the Caxton Memorial, + and the correspondence between + M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">OLTON</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNEY</span> and + M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">ERIAH</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">OTFIELD</span> in + "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>," Sylvanus Urban proceeds: +</p> + +<p>"But the discussion will do good. If neither proposal can be carried +out, we shall probably have a better suggestion than either. The money +in hand is said to be <i>far short</i> of the sum necessary to erect a statue +or to print the works; if so, why not repair Chaucer's tomb with it? +Nothing would be more agreeable to Caxton himself. He not only printed +Chaucer's works, and re-imprinted them merely to get rid of errors; but, +feeling that the great poet 'ought eternally to be remembered' in the +place where he lies buried, he hung up an epitaph to his memory over +that tomb which is now mouldering to decay.</p> + + <div class="poem"> +<p> "'Post obitum Caxton voluit te vivere, cura</p> + <p class="i3">Willelmi, Chaucer clare poeta, tui,</p> + <p>Nam tua, non solum, compressit opuscula formis,</p> + <p class="i3">Has quoque sed laudes jussit hic esse tuas.'</p> +</div> + +<p>"The epitaph, touching evidence of Caxton's affection for the poet, has +disappeared. In a few years the tomb itself will have submitted to +inevitable fate. What better mode of keeping alive the memory of both +Chaucer and Caxton, or of doing honour to the pious printer, than by +showing that even after the lapse of centuries his wishes for the +preservation of Chaucer's memory in that place are not forgotten? If the +fund is more than sufficient for the purpose, the surplus might be +invested on trust to perform the wish of Caxton, by keeping Chaucer's +monument in repair for ever."—<i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, August, p. 167.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> Here we leave the matter for the present not, however, without + the hope that the present age will do +<a id="do147"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[147]</span> + honour to the + memories of two of our Illustrious Dead, and that few months will + witness both a Caxton Memorial in the shape of a collective + edition of his original writings, and the Restoration of the + Monument of the Father of English Poetry.</p> + + + + +<h2><span class="bla">Notes.</span></h2> + + +<h3><span>COLLAR OF SS.<br /> +(Vol. ii., pp. 89. 475.)</span></h3> + +<p>No less than nine long months have elapsed since you adopted my +suggestion of limiting your columns, on the disputed question relative +to the collar of SS., to a record of the names of those persons who, +either on the monumental effigies or brasses, or in their portraits or +otherwise, are represented as wearing that ornament; together with a +short statement of the position held by each of these individuals in the +court of the then reigning monarch, seeming to warrant the assumption. +How is it that the invitation has not produced more than a single +response? Is it that the combatants are more fond of discussing the +probabilities of a disputed point, than of seeking for facts to aid in +its illustration? I hope that this is not so, in an age that prides +itself in its antiquarian and historical investigations; and I trust +that, now the dismissal of the parliament has relieved many from onerous +duties, your pages may benefit, not only on this but on other important +subjects, by the vacational leisure of your learned contributors.</p> + +<p>That I may not myself be chargeable with a continuance of the silence of +which I complain, I now offer to you no less than eleven of the earliest +names, principally taken from Boutell's <i>Monumental Brasses</i>, but some +suggested in your own pages, on whose monuments or otherwise the collar +occurs. To most of these I have added a few particulars seeming to +warrant the assumption; and I doubt not that some of your correspondents +will supply you with similar hints as to those of whom I have as yet +been unable to trace anything applicable to the subject of enquiry.</p> + +<p>1. The first of these is in 1382, seventeen years before the accession +of Henry IV. It appears on the brass of Sir Thomas Burton, in Little +Castreton Church, in Rutlandshire. This knight, we find, received +letters of protection on accompanying the Duke of Lancaster to France in +1369, when Edward III. revived his claim to that kingdom. +<a id="kingdom1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 1." href="#fn1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> +Being thus +one of the retainers of the duke, the assumption of his collar of livery +may be at once accounted for.</p> + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#kingdom1" class="label">[1]</a> N. Fœdera, iii. 870.</p> + +<p>2. The next that we have is on the monument of John Gower in the church +of St. Saviour, Southwark. The poet died in 1402, 4 Henry IV. It is more +than doubtful whether he was a knight, and the only ground that I can +suggest for his being represented with the collar of SS. is, that he was +in some manner, perhaps as the court poet, attached to the household of +the king. Of his transferred devotion to Henry IV. we have sufficient +evidence in the revision of his <i>Confessio Amantis</i>, from which he +excluded all that he had previously said in praise of his patron Richard +II.</p> + +<p>3. Sir Thomas Massingberd died in 1406, and on his monument in Gunby +Church in Lincolnshire, both he and his lady are represented with +collars of SS. Why, I have still to seek.</p> + +<p>4. In 1407 there is a similar instance of a knight and his lady being so +ornamented. These are Sir William and Lady Bagot, whose monument is in +Baginton Chruch, Warwickshire. Boutell says that he was the first who +received this decoration from the king. Be this as it may, the Patent +Rolls contain sufficient to account for his and his wife's assuming King +Henry's livery from gratitude for the restoration of his land, which he +had forfeited as an adherent to Richard II. +<a id="Richard2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 2." href="#fn2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> </p> + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Richard2" class="label">[2]</a> Cal. Rot. Pat. 236. 243.</p> + +<p>5. Then follows Sir John Drayton, whose monument, dated in 1411, is in +Dorchester Church, Oxfordshire. It may be presumed that he was in the +king's household; as in the beginning of the reign of Richard II. he was +keeper of the royal swans; and early in that of Henry IV., was serjeant +of the king's pavilions and tents. Thomas Drayton, who was made Assayer +of the Mint in the year of Sir John's death, +<a id="death3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 3." href="#fn3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> + was probably his son.</p> + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#death3" class="label">[3]</a> Cal. Rot. Pat. 196. 259.; Devon's Issue Roll, 286.</p> + +<p>6. In the following year, 1412, we have the collar of SS. represented on +the brass of Sir Thomas Swynborne in Little Horkeley Church, Essex. Two +or three years before, and perhaps at the time of his death, the knight +held the offices of Mayor of Bordeaux, and of the king's lieutenant in +those parts.</p> + +<p>The last five of these are in the reign of Henry IV. In the reign of +Henry V., I am not aware of any examples; but in that of Henry VI., we +find five other instances.</p> + +<p>7. In Trotton Church, Sussex, is the monument of Thomas Lord Camoys, who +died in 1424, and of his wife; both of whom are distinguished by the +collar. He was a Knight of the Garter, and commanded the left wing of +the English army at the battle of Agincourt.</p> + +<p>8. A monument, supposed to be that of Sir John Segrave, dated in 1425, +occurs in Dorchester Church, Oxfordshire: of whom I can state nothing.</p> + +<p>9. On the brass of John Leventhorpe, Esq., in the church of +Sawbridgeworth, in Hertfordshire, +<a id="Hertf148"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[148]</span> + the collar is also to be +found. He died in 1433, and was one of the executors named in the will +of King Henry IV. +<a id="Henry4"></a><a title="Go to footnote 4." href="#fn4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> </p> + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn4"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Henry4" class="label">[4]</a> Devon's Issue Roll, 334.</p> + +<p>10. The monument in Yatton Church, Somersetshire, representing a judge +in his robes, is traditionally ascribed to Sir Richard Newton, who died +Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in 1449. This is, I believe, the first +example of a judge being represented with the collar of SS.</p> + +<p>11. The silver collars of the king's livery bequeathed by the will of +John Baret of Bury, may be presumed, although he did not die till after +the accession of Edward IV., to be of the livery of Henry VI.; as he is +not only represented on his tomb, which he had erected during Henry's +reign, with the collar of SS.; but the chantry, also built by him, is +profusely ornamented with the same collar, enclosing his monogram J. B. +He probably received the privilege of wearing it during Henry's visit to +St. Edmondsbury in 1433. +<a id="in5"></a><a title="Go to footnote 5." href="#fn5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> </p> + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn5"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#in5" class="label">[5]</a> Bury Wills, Camden Soc. 15-14. 233.</p> + +<p>I shall be glad to see a continuation of this list carried on through +subsequent reigns, since it is only by the multiplication of examples +that we shall be enabled to form a more correct conclusion on the +various questions connected with this interesting subject.</p> + +<p>Will one of your correspondents kindly inform me where it appears that +Richard II. ever wore the collar of SS.?</p> + + + <p class="right"> E<span class="smcap lowercase">DWARD</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">OSS</span>.</p> + + + +<h3><span>PRINTING.</span></h3> + +<p>This art cannot be assigned to any single year, but must rather be +referred to a <i>decennium</i>; and the one in which we now are (1851—1860), +is certainly the first decennium of the fifth century of the existence +of the art. If anything were proposed in the way of celebration of this +<i>anni</i>versary, probably the year 1855 would be chosen, not only as the +year which touches the middle of the decennium, but as being very +probably the year in which the printing of the Bible was completed. We +have then a year or two to consider in what manner the spirit which +anniversaries usually call up shall be turned to account. The following +will probably be suggested.</p> + +<p><i>A feed.</i> If we could call down Fust and Gutenberg to witness that +within twelve hours after dessert and commonplaces are finished, an +account of the dinner, as long as three epistles of St. Paul, would be +about the world in something like a hundred thousand copies, such a +celebration would have a strong point of interest about it.</p> + +<p><i>A monument in sculpture.</i> That is to say, a lame subscription, a +committee, five-and-twenty abusive paragraphs before the thing is done, +one more when, ten years after, it is completed, and a short notice in +the handbooks of London in all time to come.</p> + +<p>If these two modes are abandoned, many others would be proposed. Mine +would be, a subscription to defray the expense of publishing, on a large +scale, a book of fac-similes of early typography, to be sold at a cheap +rate, with such prefatory matter as would form an accurate popular +history of printing from 1450 to 1550. The great interest with which I +saw plain working men looking at the treasures now exhibited in glass +cases at the British Museum, made me think of this.</p> + +<p>Reference is frequently made upon the origin of printing, to the +<i>fasciculus temporum</i>, or <i>Cologne Chronicle</i>. In one place I find a +citation in support of the Gutenberg Bible having been commenced in +1450; in another citation it is only affirmed that printing was first +done in that year. The only edition I have the means of consulting at +this moment is that of Ratdolt, 1484. And here I find nothing about +printing except that, of the year 1457 and thereabouts, it is said that</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Artifices mira celeritate subtiliores solito fiunt. Et + impressores librorum multiplicant in terra."</p> + +<p>In the preface Ratdolt says that he had printed the <i>fasciculus</i> three +times already, of which Hain mentions two. He says, moreover, that this +fourth (Venice) edition was <i>cura et opera diligentiori</i>. Did Ratdolt, +after inquiry, abandon the more specific account above cited, and +content himself with the above sentence, as expressing all that could be +verified; or, as I have sometimes supposed, do <i>different books</i> +circulate under the title of <i>fasciculus temporum</i>? Be this as it may, +Ratdolt expressly refers to the great impulse which the mechanical arts +in general received just about the time when printing became common. Now +we may hope the same thing of the decennium on which we are entering, +the beginning of which is made conspicuous by the great forcing-house of +art, which has not yet got the name it is to keep.</p> + + <p class="right"> M.</p> + + + +<h3><span>FOLK LORE.</span></h3> + +<h4><span ><i>Bible divination in Suffolk.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—In Suffolk it is a practice on New +Year's Eve to open a Bible at midnight, and the passage upon which they +stick a pin will be the luck (good or bad) that attends them the +following year.</p> + + <p class="right"> R. J. S.</p> + + +<h4><span ><i>Mode of Discovering the Bodies of the Drowned.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—What must we think of +the following, transcribed from the <i>Gentleman's Mag.</i>, vol. xxxvii. p. +189.? Can such things be?</p> + + + <p class="blockquot">"W<span class="smcap lowercase">EDNESDAY</span>, A<span class="smcap lowercase">PRIL</span> 8, 1767.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">"An inquisition was taken at <i>Newbery</i>, <i>Berks</i>, on the body of a + child near two years old, who fell into the river <i>Kennet</i>, and + was drowned. The jury brought in their verdict <i>accidental + death</i>. The body was discovered +<a id="disco149"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[149]</span> +by a very singular + experiment, which was as follows:—After diligent search had been + made in the river for the child, to no purpose, a two-penny loaf, + with a quantity of quicksilver put into it, was set floating from + the place where the child it was supposed had fallen in, which + steered its course down the river upwards of half a mile, before + a great number of spectators, when the body happening to lay on + the contrary side of the river, the loaf suddenly tacked about, + and swam across the river, and gradually sunk near the child, + when both the child and loaf were immediately brought up, with + grabbers ready for that purpose."</p> + +<p>Is this experiment ever tried at the present time, and do there exist +any authentic accounts of such trials and their results?</p> + + <p class="right"> * & ?</p> + + <p class="left">Manpadt House.</p> + + + +<p><i>Somersetshire Rhyme.</i>—In Vol. iii., p. 206., there is mention of a +traditional rhyme on Lynn and Rising. At Taunton, in Somersetshire, +there is a similar tradition current:</p> + + <div class="poem"><p> "Nertown was a market town</p> + <p> When Taunton was a furzy down."</p></div> + +<p>This Nertown is a village adjoining Taunton, and lying on the north side +of it. Its name is variously regarded as a corruption of Northtown +Near-town, and Nethertown, of which the last is doubtless the right +derivation.</p> + + <p class="right"> R. D. H.</p> + + + +<h3><span>DICTIONARY OF HACKNEYED QUOTATIONS.</span></h3> + +<p>Allow me to suggest the publication of a small work, which might be +entitled "The Book of Hackneyed Quotations." Manifold would be its +usefulness. Here information would be imparted to enquirers anxious to +discover the source of such passages and the labours of other oracles, +as well as of the editor of "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>," would be thus in this +department diminished. Reporters would by this means be enabled to +correct mistakes; for, owing either to blunders in the delivery, or +errors in the short-hand notes, rarely are quotations faithfully +printed. The gentleman "totally unaccustomed to public speaking," and +the orator of "unadorned eloquence," might from hence cull some flowers +wherewith to embellish their speeches while to the practised author and +the accomplished speaker such a collection might serve as an index +expurgatorius, teaching them what to avoid as common-place, and so the +recurrence of old friends, "familiar in our mouths as household words," +would be more "like angels' visits, few and far between."</p> + +<p>An index referring to the rhyming or important words should be appended, +and it would be advisable to subjoin translation of the few Latin and +French citations.</p> + +<p>Surely it is "devoutly to be wished" that the proposed little work may +find "a local habitation and a name," and that the idea may not vanish +into thin air "like the baseless fabric of a vision." No doubt several +of your correspondents who do not think that "ignorance is bliss," and +that it is "folly to be wise," would gladly lend their aid, and the +constant "cry" would be "they come." As to the title, "a rose by any +other name would smell as sweet:" but "somewhat too much of this."</p> + + <p class="right"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>.</p> + + + +<h3><span class="bla">Minor Notes.</span></h3> + +<h4><span><i>Cocker's Arithmetic.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—I have a copy of Cocker's <i>Arithmetic</i>, the 37th +edition, 1720, with an engraved portrait of the author; respecting which +there is the following manuscript note on the flyleaf:—</p> + + + <p class="blockquot">"Mr. Douce, of Bath, the literary antiquary and book-collector, + showed me a copy of Cocker's <i>Arithmetic</i>, with the <i>frontispiece + cut of the author</i>, which he said was very scarce.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "J. P., April, 1823."</p> + +<p>Mr. Douce's copy (the first edition, 1678) is now in the possession of +Mr. Rainy, an upholsterer in Bath, and is for sale. He asks 8<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> +for it.</p> + + <p class="right">C<span class="smcap lowercase">RANMORE</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>The Duke of Normandy.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—The question relative to the late Duke of +Normandy being the individual who was Dauphin of France, the son of +Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette, and who was said to have died in the +Temple, has never been as publicly and satisfactorily settled as it +deserves. The high station and unquestionable integrity of the +individuals of the Perceval family who instituted the inquiry, and in +the most open manner laid the results of that inquiry before the public, +constitute an unexceptionable guarantee for its genuineness and +authenticity. The acute perception and accurate memory of Madame Tussaud +carry great weight with them. She was asked by the writer of this +paragraph, if she thought the person calling himself the Duke of +Normandy was the same individual she had modelled when a child. Madame +Tussaud replied with great emphasis, "I would take my oath of it for he +had a peculiar formation on the neck which still remains. Besides +something transpired between us, which he referred to, which was never +likely to be mentioned to any one." The late Mr. Jeremy, the active and +highly intelligent magistrate who presided in the court of Greenwich, +and whose long experience adds value to his judgment, was of opinion +that there were no traces of the impostor discovered by him during +several scrutinising examinations which were held in his office, and +that the members of the old French nobility who were present treated him +with profound respect. He was supported through unknown channels, was +twice shot at, and refused permission by the French government, though +it was applied for by legal advocates of the highest standing, to bring +the question before the legal +<a id="legal150"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[150]</span> + tribunals. At first the Emperor of +Russia and the King of Prussia, who knew that the Dauphin was alive, +opposed the Duke of Wellington's proposal to reinstate Louis XVIII. The +Empress Josephine is also said to have been aware, that the Dauphine did +not die in the Temple, and is reported to have said "Ah! legitimacy is +nearer than you suppose." It is an unsettled historical question worthy +the attention of the historian who has time to bestow on it.</p> + + <p class="right"> <span class="smcap lowercase">GROTUS</span>.</p> + + +<h4><span><i>Anachronisms and Errors of Painters.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Perhaps the commonest of all +anachronisms of painters is that of representing St. John Baptist in a +Holy Family, himself a child, adoring the infant Saviour, and carrying a +slight cross or flag, with the motto "Ecce Agnus Dei." That John knew +our Lord as an eminently holy man is clear frown his expostulation, "I +have need to be baptized of Thee," &c.; but he himself most distinctly +assures us that it was not till he saw the Spirit descending on Jesus +like a dove that he knew him as the promised Messiah and Lamb of God.</p> + +<p>I have seen an engraving from an old Master (perhaps some of your +correspondents may remember the painting itself) in which the mother of +Zebedee's children comes forward to beg the boon on their behalf, James +and John being represented as boys of seven or eight, one on each side +of her. These errors of painters are perhaps excusable when they +occurred at a time when the Bible was not in everybody's hands: but what +excuse can we make for artist's blunders now? The <i>Illustrated News</i> has +lately given us prints from paintings by living artists, in one of +which, "Noah's Sacrifice," a couple of fat ducks figure as <i>clean</i> fowl +at the foot of the altar; and in the other, the Five Wise and Five +Foolish Virgins have increased into two sevens; neither error being +apparently noticed by the editor. It is said that no sea piece, however +fine, is admitted to our exhibitions if the rigging is incorrect. Would +it not be quite as advisable to exclude Scripture pieces with palpable +blunders?</p> + + <p class="right"> P. P.</p> + + +<h4><span><i>The Ring Finger.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—The English Book of Common Prayer orders that the +ring should be put "upon the <i>fourth</i> finger of the woman's left hand;" +and the spousal manuals of York and Salisbury assign this practical +reason for the selection of the said finger:</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Quia in illo digito est qudam vena procedens usque ad + cor."—Maskell, <i>Ancient Liturgy of the Church of England</i>, 2nd + edition, Preface, page clv. note: Lond. 1846.</p> + + +<p>Aulus Gellius tells us—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Veteres Grcos annulum habuisse in digito accepimus sinistr + manus, qui minimo est proximus. Romanos quoque homines aiunt, sic + plerumque annulis usitatos. Causam esse hujus rei Appianus in + libris gyptiacis hanc dicit: quod insectis apertisque humanis + corporibus, ut mos in gypto fuit, quas +Graeci <span title="[Greek: anatomas]">ἀνατομὰς</span> + appellant, repertum est, <i>nervum quendam tenuissimum ab eo uno + digito, de quo diximus, ad cor hominis pergere ac pervenire</i>. + Propterea non inscitum visum esse, eum potissimum digitum tali + honore decorandum, qui continens et quasi connexus esse cum + principatu cordis videretur."—<i>Noctes Attic</i>, lib. x. cap. 10.</p> + +<p>Other reasons are assigned by Macrobius; and the author of the <i>Vulgar +Errors</i> (book iv. ch. 4.) has entirely overthrown the anatomical fiction +mentioned above. Can any one give me any further information than that +contained in L'Estrange or Wheatly, or in the authors to which they +refer? The fourth finger of the left hand is certainly "the least active +finger of the hand least used, upon which, therefore, the ring may be +always in view, and least subject to be worn out:" but this is a very +unromantic and utilitarian idea.</p> + + + <p class="right"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>.</p> + + <p class="left">Warmington, Aug. 9. 1851.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>The Od Force.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—As considerable interest appertains to the earlier +manifestations of what is now termed Mesmerism, the following Note may +not be altogether unworthy of a place.</p> + +<p>The experiment, upon which a subjective proof of the agency of the power +of Od is founded, as described by Dr. Herbert Mayo in the supplementary +chapter to the last edition of <i>Letters on the Truths contained in +Popular Superstitions</i>, and alluded to by R. D. H. (Vol. iii., p. 517.), +is another instance of there being "nothing new under the sun." In the +<i>Bigarrures du Seigneur des Accords</i>, first published at Paris in 1582, +in the chapter "Des faux Sorciers et de leur Impostures" occurs the +following passage, which I copy <i>verbatim et literatim</i>:—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Autres ont une ruse, qu'ils semblent d'attacher un anneau d'or + ou d'argent un petit filet, qu'on suspend dans un verre demy + plain d'eaue, et puis l'ayant tremp pair trois fois, disent + bellement ce verset du Psalme, autant de fois, 'Ecce enim + veritatem dilexisti, incerta et occulta sapienti tu + manifestasti mihi.' L'anneau bat contre le verre, et sonne autant + d'heures qu'il en peut estre."</p> + + + + <p class="right"> W. P<span class="smcap lowercase">INKERTON</span>.</p> + + <p class="left"> Ham.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>New Costume for Ladies.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—The following paragraph, extracted from a +London paper (November, 1794) would lead to the conclusion that the +agitation regarding costume now going on in America, is not entirely +novel; the Turkish fashion having been introduced unsuccessfully into +this metropolis in the last century:—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "The young ladies of <i>haut ton</i>, who have invented <i>Turkish</i> + fashions, will not be surprised if their <i>husbands</i> should follow + their example, and adopt the <i>Turkish taste for variety</i>.—No man + of sense can be <i>long</i> attached to such <i>absurdity</i>!" +<a id="absurd151"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[151]</span></p> + +<p class="right">G. R.</p> + + <p class="left">Thanet Place, Temple Bar, Aug. 20.</p> + + + + + +<h2><span class="bla">Queries.</span></h2> + + +<h3><span>JUDGES STYLED REVEREND, ETC.</span></h3> + +<p>I read a Query not long ago as to the time when the title "Very +Reverend" was first given to Deans. I would also offer a Query, When did +the Judges lose the title of "Reverend" and "Very Reverend," and obtain +that of "Honorable?" In the second volume of <i>The Year Books</i> the +approbation of the twelve judges to the publication of the reports is +headed, "By the approbation of the <i>Reverend Judges</i>;" and the following +is copied from the title-page: "<i>Le Premier Part de les Reports del +Cases en Ley, que furent argus en le Temps de le trs Haut et Puissant +Prince, Roy Edward le Tierce. Ore nouvelment Imprims, Corrigs et +Amends, avec les Notations and References de l' trs Reverend et trs +Sage Juges de cest Royaulme, Brook et Fitzherbert. Printed, 1679.</i>"</p> + +<p>In the title-page of the sixth volume we find "<i>Avec les Notations de le +trs Reverend Juges, Brook et Fitzherbert</i>."</p> + +<p>Was this title, "Reverend," derived from the address given to judges +when ecclesiastics filled judicial offices, or is it simply a title of +respect applied to all persons to whom, on account of their position in +society, respectful address is due; of which we have an example in +Othello's address to the Venetian senators:</p> + + + <div class="poem"> + <p> "Most potent, grave, and reverend seniors."</p> +</div> + +<p>When did the address, "The Honorable," now given to the judges, come +into use?</p> + +<p>How comes it that in Court the Puisne Judges are addressed by the title +of "Lord," whereas the Master of the Rolls, who ranks before them, +receives the title of "Your Honor?"</p> + +<p>The use of the title "Honorable" to the House of Commons, and to members +within its walls, is familiar to us all.</p> + +<p>The worthiness and antiquity of the title is proved by its being given +to one of the Persons of the Eternal Trinity in the Te Deum.</p> + + + <p class="right">F. W. J.</p> + + + + +<h3><span class="bla">Minor Queries.</span></h3> + + +<h4><span>93. <i>Frederick Egmont; Peter (Egmont?).</i></span></h4> + +<p>—They appear as booksellers +merely and only, so far as I can make out, because the <i>promptorius +puerorum</i>, or <i>medulla grammatic</i>, printed by Pynson, in 1499, is said, +in the colophon, to be at their expense. Neither Ames nor Dibdin gives +any further evidence. The following is therefore worth a Note. It is +from the <i>ad lectorem</i> (or rather, the <i>adolescentibus studiosis</i>) of +the <i>Multorum Vocabulorum equivocorum interpretatio Magistri Johannes de +garlandia</i>: Paris, 1502, 4to.</p> + + + <p class="blockquot"> "Sed nihil tam arduum tamque difficile fuit quod labor improbus + non vicerit. Ut videlicet mei amicissimo Fredericho Egmont morem + gererem optatissimus: qui cum in vestra excellentissima anglie + patria. Et librorum sit fidelissimus mercator et amicorum suorum + amantissimus, nullum unque librum ex officina sua nisi perquam + castigatus emittet."</p> + + +<p>Query, was F. Egmont a printer as well as a bookseller? Granting that +<i>officina</i> means a shop, how can a mere bookseller sell none but +correctly printed works? The writer of the above was himself a +bookseller (Joh. Ant. Venetus).</p> + +<p>Of Peter above-mentioned, or rather of his name, the following is the +history:—The colophon of the <i>promptorius</i>, of which there is a copy in +the Grenville Library, runs as follows "... in expensis virtuosorum +virorum Frederici Egmont et Petri post pascha, anno domini <span class="smcap lowercase">MCCCC</span> +nonagessimo nono, decima v'a die mensis Maii." Hence Hain and others +have entered Peter post Pascha as an English bookseller, presuming that +the words <i>post pascha</i> cannot belong to the date, because the more +definite day, "May 15," follows. But surely, among the varieties of the +time when every man did what seemed good in his own eyes as to titles, +colophons, &c., it may easily have happened that a double description of +a part of the date may have occurred, one description containing more +than the other. Query, Can any other instance be produced of this +hypertautology? +<a id="hyper6"></a><a title="Go to footnote 6." href="#fn6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> +At any rate, such a thing is more likely than that a +bookseller should have been called <i>Peter After-Easter</i>. At the same +time such whimsical things were done in the Latinization of names, both +by their owners and by others for them, that no certain conclusion can +be drawn. For example, more atrocious changes have been made than would +be that of Easterby into <i>post pascha</i>.</p> + + + <p class="right"> M.</p> + + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn6"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#hyper6" class="label">[6]</a> [We are glad to supply our correspondent with another +instance of hypertautology, and from a work in great demand during this +part of the year. On the cover of Bradshaw's <i>Railway Guide</i> we read, +"Eighth Month (August) 1st, 1851."]</p> + + + +<h4><span>94. <i>Unlucky for pregnant Women to take an Oath.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—In a police case, +reported in <i>The Times</i> of the 28th of May, a woman was called as a +witness who, however, upon the book being tendered to her, positively +refused to be sworn, with the remark, that it must be evident to the +magistrate that she could not take an oath. The usher of the court said +that the woman was pregnant, and that low women who were in that +situation, entertained an absurd belief that it was unlucky to take an +oath. What is the origin of this superstition? Is it common amongst the +uneducated classes of society?</p> + + <p class="right">C<span class="smcap lowercase">OWGILL</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>95. <i>Cockroach</i> (Vol. i., p. 194.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Having seen in "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" +some interesting particulars on the subject of beetle mythology, I am +induced to put a Query as to the derivation of the word "cockroach." The +common appellation for this insect in the French islands is <i>ravet</i>, +but +<a id="but152"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[152]</span> + the more correct one is <i>kakerlaque</i>. Does the affinity in +sound between this latter term and "cockroach," slight though it be, +warrant the supposition that the one may be derived from the other?</p> + + +<p class="right"> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> H. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span>.</p> + + <p class="left"> St. Lucia, May, 1851.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>96. <i>Felton.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—What has become of the letter said to have been found in +Felton's hat when he stabbed the Duke of Buckingham? Upcott once had it, +but it did not appear in the sale catalogue of his collection.</p> + + + <p class="right"> ??</p> + + + + +<h4><span>97. <i>Date of a Charter.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Having been in the habit of making frequent +consultations to the MSS. in the British Museum respecting the county of +Wilts, I found a charter temp. Henry III., the date of which is given as +"<i>Thursday next after the day whereon the King sent his daughter into +Sicily</i>!"</p> + +<p>It is now three years since I last saw the original, and having mislaid +my transcript, I quote from memory; but I believe I am correct in my +rendering from the Latin.</p> + +<p>Can you, through the medium of your valuable publication, fix with +accuracy this date, as I have not been able to do so.</p> + + + <p class="right">J. T. H<span class="smcap lowercase">AND</span>.</p> + +<p class="left">29. Threadneedle Street, Aug. 13. 1851.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>98. <i>Thomas Tusser the "Husbandman."</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Has any new evidence been +discovered to prove the correct dates of the birth and decease of this +"old English worthy?" On his own authority we learn that Rivenhall, near +Witham in Essex, was the place of his nativity, and his remains were +interred (about 1580?) in St. Mildred's church in the Poultry. Are any +particulars known of Sir Richard Southwell, one of Tusser's patrons?</p> + + +<p class="right"> E<span class="smcap lowercase">DWARD</span> F. R<span class="smcap lowercase">IMBAULT</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>99. <i>Godfrey Higgins' Works.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Have the works of Godfrey Higgins (the +<i>Celtic Druids</i> and the <i>Anacalypsis</i>) ever been reviewed, and where? if +not, can any of your readers inform me what is the opinion generally +entertained of these productions?</p> + + +<p class="right">O<span class="smcap lowercase">UTIS</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>100. <i>Noctes Templari.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—In turning over yesterday a MS. volume in the +University Library, I met with a tract of 8 pp., with the title, <i>Noctes +Templari: a Briefe Chronicle of the darke Raigne of the bright Prince +of burning Love</i>. Stradilan is the name of the principal character in +this most mad composition. As to the author, I shall be glad to receive +information from those better acquainted with the fugitive literature of +the seventeenth century than</p> + +<p class="right"> W. R. C.</p> + +<p class="left"> Cambridge.</p> + + + +<h4><span>101. <i>Commissioners on Officers of Justice in England.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—On July 27th, +1733, commissioners were appointed to survey the officers of justice in +England and Wales, and to inquire into their fees. Will any of your +learned readers inform me whether these commissioners made any report of +the returns of fees which they received in pursuance of their +commission, and where is such report or returns deposited? This inquiry +may lead to some important results.</p> + + <p class="right">I<span class="smcap lowercase">NQUIRER</span>.</p> + +<h4><span>102. <i>Marcus lius Antoninus.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Can you or any of your correspondents +inform me what writer is concealed under the pseudonyme of Marcus lius +Antoninus, in the following title?</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "De scripto quodam cleri secundarii et leguleorum cololiensium + plan detestabili, adversus Evangelii doctrinam et ordines + Imperii nuper edito Querela Marci lii Antonini Imperatoris, qui + Philosophus bonis literis magna laude cognominatus est. 1543."</p> + + +<p class="right"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">YRO</span>.</p> + + <p class="left">Dublin.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>103. <i>Derivation of Pic-nic.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Can any of your subscribers inform me of +the derivation of the word "Pic-nic?"</p> + + + <p class="right"> A. F. S.</p> + + <p class="left">Nottingham, Aug. 12.</p> + + + +<h4><span>104. <i>Sir Thomas More's Knighthood.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—I should, be glad of the date when +the honour of knighthood was conferred on this eminent man and also the +date of his admission into the privy council. If I am rightly informed, +the records of the privy council are preserved only since 1540.</p> + + + <p class="right"> E<span class="smcap lowercase">DWARD</span> F. R<span class="smcap lowercase">IMBAULT</span></p> + + + +<h4><span>105. <i>Portrait of Mandeville, author of the Fable of "The Bees."</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Could +any of your numerous readers inform me whether there is in existence any +authenticated portrait of Dr. Bernard de Mandeville, author of the fable +of "The Bees?" I have made a fruitless search for several years past.</p> + + +<p class="right"> B. G.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>106. <i>Dingle, early History of.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Any references to works, MS. or +printed, containing notices of the early history of Dingle and its +neighbourhood, in the county of Kerry, Ireland, will much oblige.</p> + + <p class="right"> R. H.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>107. <i>Ancient Egypt, Language of.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—What are the best standard works on +the study of the language of ancient Egypt, as preserved in its +monuments? What are the best works on its chronology? What translations +exist of its "Ritual of the Dead?" I am acquainted with Lepsius +Todtenbuch. What MSS. of it, <i>if any</i>, are preserved in British museums +or libraries? have they been collated? I am acquainted with that in the +library of Trinity College, Dublin, formerly in possession of the late +Lord Kingsborough, which, I believe, has never been even lithographed; +though among the members of that university are a Hincks, a Wall, and a +Butcher.</p> + +<p class="right"> S. P. H. T.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>108. <i>Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—None of the biographers of the famous Dr. +Matthew Sutcliffe, Dean of Exeter, the controversial writer, and founder +of Chelsea College, state where he was +<a id="was153"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[153]</span> + born, or where interred. +Faulkner, in his <i>History of Chelsea</i>, observes that he was probably a +native of Devonshire; but there appears to be some ground for +considering that he was of a family settled at Mayroyd, in the parish of +Halifax in Yorkshire. In a conveyance of the estate, dated 29th January, +1581, the grantor is Matthew Sutcliffe, "Doctor of Civil Law, dwelling +in London." He was of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Doctor of Civil +Law: he died in 1629. In his will he desires to be buried in Exeter +Cathedral. Probably the inscription on his tombstone, if still existing, +might settle this uncertainty. I shall feel obliged to any of your +correspondents who can throw any light on the subject.</p> + + +<p class="right"> J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>109. <i>Names first given to Parishes.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Is there any means of +ascertaining the time at which names were first given to parishes? and +can any reason be given for the recurrence of one termination in a +particular locality? Thus between Caistor and Brigg in Lincolnshire, a +distance of about nine miles, there are, I understand, the several +parishes or hamlets of <i>Clixby</i>, <i>Fonaby</i>, <i>Grassby</i>, <i>Ownby</i>, <i>Searby</i>, +<i>Bigby</i>, <i>Barnetby</i>, <i>Wrawby</i>, and there are many others in the +neighbourhood. Of course, I know the meaning of <i>by</i>, as a termination; +but I wish to know why it occurs so often in one locality, when perhaps +a few miles off you have as many <i>hams</i> or <i>thorpes</i>.</p> + +<p>Can you suggest any probable derivation of <i>Swinhop</i>?</p> + + +<p class="right">F. B.</p> + +<p class="left">Leamington.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>110. <i>German Testament.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—What is the most literal German translation of +the New Testament? Is the translation published by the British and +Foreign Bible Society in 1844 to be depended on?</p> + + <p class="right">A. G.</p> + + + +<h4><span>111. <i>The Man of Law.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Who was the author of the following lines quoted +by Mr. Serjeant Byles a short time since?—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <p>"The man of law, who never saw,</p> + <p class="i3"> The way to buy or sell,</p> + <p> Shall never rise, by merchandise,</p> + <p class="i3">Or ever speed him well."</p> +</div> + +<p>They may not be quite correct, as I write from memory.</p> + + +<p class="right"> W. W. K<span class="smcap lowercase">ING</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>112. <i>The Termination "Ship."</i></span></h4> + +<p>—What is the origin of the termination +<i>ship</i>, in such words as consul<i>ship</i>, prtor<i>ship</i>, lord<i>ship</i>, and +others?</p> + + +<p class="right"> A. W. H.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>113. <i>Nullus and Nemo.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—I have two old quarto tracts, of eight pages +each, printed, as seems both by the type and by an allusion contained in +one of them, between 1520 and 1530, or thereabouts. They are part of a +satirical controversy, the subject of which is very obscure, between +<i>Nemo</i> of Wittemberg, and <i>Nullus</i> of Leipsic. Though printed, we must +suppose, at the two places, the opponents have evidently clubbed for a +woodcut to be common to the two title-pages.</p> + +<p>In this cut an unfortunate householder stands in an attitude of despair, +surrounded by what are as much in our day as in his the doings of +<i>nobody</i>, as broken crockery, hardware, &c. In the distance his kitchen +is visible, in which two nobodies are busy with his meat and wine. A +young woman is carrying an infant to the priest to be baptized; and from +the way in which the worthy man holds up his finger, we may fear she has +just confessed that it is nobody's child. Can any of your readers give +any information?</p> + + +<p class="right"> M.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>114. <i>The noblest Object of the Work of Art.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Can any of your readers +discover the answer to the adjoining riddles which I have met with, +though I neither know its author nor answer?—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + <p>"The noblest object of the work of art,</p> + <p>The brightest gem that nature can impart,</p> + <p>The point essential in the tenant's lease,</p> + <p> The well-known signal in the time of peace,</p> + <p>The farmer's comfort when he holds the plough,</p> + <p> The soldier's duty and the lover's vow,</p> + <p> The planet seen between the earth and sun,</p> + <p>The prize that merit never yet hath won,</p> + <p> The miser's idol and the badge of Jews,</p> + <p> The wife's ambition and the parson's dues.</p> + <p> If now your noble spirit can divine,</p> + <p> A corresponding word for every line,</p> + <p> By the first letters plainly will be shown,</p> + <p> An ancient city of no small renown."</p> +</div> + + <p class="right"> A. W. H.</p> + + + +<h4><span>115. <i>Poulster.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Can any one inform me if I am right in supposing that +this word, used in the reign of George I. as an addition expressing +trade, is the same as our <i>upholsterer</i>?</p> + + +<p class="right"> D. X.</p> + + + +<h3><span class="bla">Minor Queries Answered.</span></h3> + + +<h4><span><i>Reverend Csar de Missy.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Can you furnish me with any particulars +respecting the Rev. Csar de Missy? Bishop Middleton, in his work on the +Greek article, quotes once or twice some MS. notes of his, now in the +British Museum; and a rare edition of the Septuagint (Basil, 1545), now +in my possession, contains his autograph under date Londini, 1745. I +have not met with his name in any biographical work, and should +therefore be obliged by any information respecting his life and works.</p> + + +<p class="right"> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UIDAM</span>.</p> + + + + <p class="blockquot">[Csar de Missy, a learned Prussian divine, was born at Berlin, + 1703. Having settled in England, he was appointed in 1762 to be + one of the French chaplains to George III., and died 1773. His + valuable library, which was sold by Baker and Leigh in 1778, + consisted of many books enriched with his MS. notes, some of + which were purchased for his Majesty's library, some for the + British Museum, and some by Dr. Hunter, who also bought several + of his manuscripts. A biographical +<a id="biogr154"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[154]</span> + account of De Missy + will be found in Chalmers's <i>Biographical Dictionary</i>, under <i>De + Missy</i> and a list of his works in Watt's <i>Bibliotheca + Britannica</i>, art. <i>Missy</i>.]</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>F. Beaumont and Jeremy Taylor</i></span> <span>(Vol. ii., p. 263.).</span></h4> + +<p>—"An acre sown with +royal seed," &c. Would M. W. kindly say <i>where</i> the passage in Beaumont +is to be found?</p> + + + <p class="right">C. P. E.</p> + + + <p class="blockquot">[The passage occurs in the poem entitled "On the Tombs in + Westminster Abbey." See Beaumont and Fletcher's <i>Works</i>, vol. ii. + p. 709. edit. 1840.]</p> + + + + +<h4><span>"<i>Carve out Dials.</i>"—</span></h4> + + <div class="poem"> + <p> "——Carve out dials, quaintly, point by point,</p> + <p> Thereby to set the minutes, how they run,</p> + <p>How many make the Hour full, complete;</p> + <p>How many hours bring about the Day."</p> +</div> + +<p>Where is the above quotation from? It heads an advertisement of the <i>Sam +Slick Clocks</i>.</p> + + + <p class="right"> G. C<span class="smcap lowercase">REED</span>.</p> + + + +<p class="blockquot"> [It will be found in Shakspeare's <i>King Henry VI.</i>, Part III. Act + II. Sc. 5.]</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Log Book.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—What is the origin of <i>Log Book</i>?</p> + +<p class="right"> G. C<span class="smcap lowercase">REED</span>.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> [The Log <i>board</i> no doubt gave rise to the Log <i>book</i>, as being + more convenient for preserving a record of the ship's course, + winds, and weather. Consult Falconer's <i>Dictionary of the + Marine</i>.]</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Lord Clydesdale.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Would you kindly inform me who was the "Lord Mar. +Clydesdale," or "Clidsdale," whose name appears as a commoner of St. +Mary's College, Winchester, in 1735; and in other Rolls about that date?</p> + +<p class="right"> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ACKENZIE</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ALCOTT</span>, M.A.</p> + + +<p>P.S. May I in your columns beg all Wykehamists to send to me, under care +of my publisher, any information concerning their old school?</p> + + + <p class="blockquot"> [James, Marquis of Clydesdale, was afterwards fifth Duke of + Hamilton, and second Duke of Brandon. See Douglas' <i>Peerage of + Scotland</i>, vol. i. pp. 473. 722.]</p> + + + +<h4><span>"<i>Time is the Stuff of which Life is made.</i>"</span></h4> + +<p>—There is a phrase, "Time +is the stuff that life is made of," which has been taken for a line of +Shakspeare. A reference to Mrs. Clark's <i>Concordance</i> shows that that +supposition is erroneous. Can any of your readers inform me where the +phrase may be found?</p> + + +<p class="right"> H.</p> + + + <p class="blockquot"> [It occurs in Dr. Franklin's <i>Works</i>, vol. iii. p. 454., edit. + 1806, in the article "The Way to Wealth, as clearly shown in the + Preface of an old Pennsylvania Almanack, intitled, Poor Richard + Improved." He says, "But dost thou love life, then do not + squander time, for that is the stuff life is made of, as Poor + Richard says." Franklin may have quoted it from some previous + author.]</p> + + + +<h4><span>"<i>Yet forty Days</i>"</span> <span>(Jonah iii. 4.)</span></h4> + +<p>—"Yet forty days and Nineveh shall be +overthrown."—Septuagint (Baxter's edition) + "<span title="[Greek: Eti treis hmerai]">Ἔτι <strong>τρεῖς</strong> ἥμεραι</span>," +&c.: "Yet <i>three</i> days."—How is this?</p> + + <p class="right"> N<span class="smcap lowercase">EDLAM</span>.</p> + + + + <p class="blockquot"> [<span title="[Greek: Treis]">Τρεῖς</span> is the common reading of the LXX. as + <span title="[Hebrew: arbaiym]">ארבעים</span> of + the Hebrew. We know of no variants. J. H. Michaelis' account of + the matter is, "Perperam vero LXX. hunc <i>quadragenarium</i> dierum + numerum in <i>triduanum</i> commutarunt."]</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>The Empress Helena.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Most readers of general history are aware that +the parentage of the renowned mother of the still more renowned +Constantine has been claimed for two widely different sources,—a +British king on the one hand, and an innkeeper of Bithynia on the other. +In favour of the former, we have Geoffrey of Monmouth, Carte the English +historian, and modern Welsh authors; for the latter, Gibbon and his +authorities. The object of the present Query is threefold: 1. Will some +one having access to Geoffrey be kind enough to favour me (in the +original or a translation) with the exact statement of the chronicler to +which Gibbon refers? 2. Are writers of intelligence and credit quite +agreed that the tradition which assigns to the wife of Constantius a +royal British parentage was "invented in the darkness of monasteries?" +3. Where is the question—one of interest in many ways—fully and +satisfactorily discussed?</p> + + + <p class="right"> H.</p> + + + + <p class="blockquot"> [The statement will be found in Geoffrey's <i>British History</i>, + book v. ch. 6.:—"After the decease of Coel, a petty prince of + Caercolvin [Colchester], Constantius himself was crowned, and + married the daughter of Coel, +<a id="Coel7"></a><a title="Go to footnote 7." href="#fn7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> + whose name was Helena. She + surpassed all the ladies of the country in beauty, as she did all + others of the time in her skill in music and the liberal arts. + Her father had no other issue to succeed him on the throne; for + which reason he was very careful about her education, that she + might be better qualified to govern the kingdom. Constantius, + therefore, having made her partner of his bed, had a son by her + called Constantine." Thus far Geoffrey; and with him agree + Baronius, Ussher, Stillingfleet, and Camden. The learned Lipsius' + opinion of this tradition, in his letter to Mr. Camden, will be + found in his <i>Epistles</i>, page 64. The traditions, however, is not + mentioned by Gildas, Nennius, or Bede. Our correspondent will + find a long discussion on this disputed point in Alban Butler's + <i>Lives of the Saints</i>, August 18, Art. "S. Helen." See also + Tillemont, <i>Hist. des Empereurs</i>, t. iv.]</p> + + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn7"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Coel7" class="label">[7]</a> This petty king is probably the hero of the old popular +ditty:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + <p> "Old King Coel,</p> +<p> Was a merry old soul," &c.</p> +</div> + + + + +<h2><span class="bla">Replies.</span></h2> + + +<h3><span>ROYAL LIBRARY.<br /> +(Vol. iii., P. 427.; Vol. iv., p. 69.)</span></h3> + +<p>I have delayed contradicting the stories told about the Royal Library in +the <i>Quarterly Review</i> +<a id="view155"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[155]</span> + of last December, and repeated in the +<i>Illustrated Boswell</i>, and, I am sorry to say, still more gravely and +circumstantially reproduced by the Editor of "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>." I have +delayed, I say, until I was enabled to satisfy myself more completely as +to one of the allegations of <i>your</i> Note. I can now venture to assure +you that the whole story of the projected sale to Russia is absolutely +unfounded; and that the Princess Lieven, whose supposed agency is the +gist of the story, never heard a syllable about it, till my inquiry +brought it to her notice, and that she has given it the most absolute +contradiction. As there never was any such proposition, I need not say +that the interference against it attributed to Mr. Heber and Lord +Sidmouth is equally unfounded. The real history of the affair is +this:—Mr. Nash, the architect, had rendered himself very agreeable to +George IV. by his alterations and additions to the Pavilion at Brighton, +and he managed to obtain (somewhat irregularly, I believe) the job of +altering old Buckingham House, which was originally intended, or at +least proposed, to be only an extensive repair and more commodious +arrangement of the existing edifice. Under that notion, Mr. Nash had +little difficulty in persuading the king that the space occupied by so +large a library could not be spared for that purpose, if the house was +to be arranged as a <i>palace</i> both for private residence and for purposes +of state; and as there was a very great jealousy in Parliament of the +expense of Buckingham House, he was afraid to propose the erection of an +additional building to receive the books. It was then that the scheme +was hit on, I know not exactly by whom (but I believe by Mr. Nash), of +giving the books to the British Museum. The principal part of the +library occupied three large rooms, two oblong and one an octagon. The +former were to have been absorbed into the living apartments, and the +octagon was to be preserved as a <i>chapel</i>, which it was proposed to +adorn with the seven <i>cartoons</i> of Raphael from Hampton Court. All +these, and several other schemes, vanished before Mr. Nash's larger +views and increased favour, which led by degrees to the total +destruction of the old house, and the erection of an entirely new +palace, which however retains strong evidence of the occasional and +piecemeal principle on which it was begun. But in the meanwhile the +library was gone. <i>I know</i> that some members of the government were very +averse to this disposal of the library: they thought, and <i>strongly +represented</i>, that a royal residence should, not be without a library; +and that this particular collection, made especially <i>ad hoc</i>, should +not have been, on any pretence, and above all on one so occasional and +trivial, diverted from its original destination. It is very possible +that Mr. Heber may have expressed this opinion; and I think I may say +that Lord Sidmouth certainly did so: but, on the other hand, some of the +king's advisers were not sorry to see the collection added to the Museum +<i>pro bono publico</i>; and so the affair concluded,—very unsatisfactorily, +as I thought and think, as regards the crown, to whom this library ought +to have been an heirloom; and indeed I doubt whether it was not so in +point of law. It is likely enough that the gift of the library may have +been <i>partly</i> prompted by a hope of putting the public in better humour +as to the expenses of Buckingham House; but the idea of a <i>sale to +Russia</i> never, I am sure, entered the head of any of the parties.</p> + + + <p class="right"> C.</p> + + + +<h3><span>THE "EISELL" CONTROVERSY.<br /> +(Vol. iv., pp. 64. 135.)</span></h3> + +<p>I can easily suppose, after the space you have given to J. S. W. (Vol. +iv., p. 64.) to sum up on the long-protracted controversy of the +<i>Eisell</i> interpretation, that you will scarcely permit it to be renewed. +J. S. W.'s judgment, though given with much amenity and fulness, I +cannot think satisfactory, as towards its close he evidently sinks into +the advocate.</p> + +<p>Theobald, a most admirable annotator, has narrowed the controversy very +properly, to the consideration whether Hamlet was here proposing +possibilities or impossibilities. J. S. W. dwells on the whole of the +dialogue between Hamlet and Laertes as a rant; and sinks all the lines +and passages that would bring it down to sanity. But this seems to line +singularly unjust. Imprimis, Hamlet is not enraged like Laertes, "who +hath a dear sister lost," and is a very choleric, impetuous, and +arrogant young gentleman. It is this quality which irritates Hamlet, who +is otherwise in the whole of this scene in a particularly moralising and +philosophic mood, and is by no means "splenetic and rash." Hamlet, a +prince, is openly cursed by Laertes: he is even seized by him, and he +still only remonstrates. There is anything but rant in what he (Hamlet) +says; he uses the most homely phrases; so homely that there is something +very like scorn in them:</p> + +<div class="poem"> +<p> —— "What wilt thou <i>do</i> for her?"</p> +</div> + + +<p class="noindent">is the quietude of contempt for Laertes' insulting rant; and so, if my +memory deceive me not, the elder Kean gave it; "<i>Do</i> for her" being put +in contrast with Laertes' braggadocio <i>say</i>. Then come the +possibilities:</p> + + + <div class="poem"> + <p> "Woul't weep, fight, fast, tear thyself,"</p> +</div> + +<p>(All, be it noted, common lover's tricks),</p> + + + <div class="poem"> +<p> "Would drink up eisell, eat a crocodile,</p> + <p> I'll do't."</p> +</div> + +<p>Now the eating a crocodile is the real difficulty, for that looks like +an impossibility but then, no doubt, the crocodile, like all other +monstrous things, was in the pharmacopœia of the time, and +<a id="and156"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[156]</span> +was considered the most revolting of eatables. Eat a crocodile, does not +mean a whole raw one, but such as the alligator mentioned in the shop of +Romeo's apothecary, probably preserved in spirits.</p> + +<p>Here we have possibilities put against the rant of Laertes; <i>the doing</i> +against <i>the saying</i>; the quietude of the philosophic prince, against +the ranting of the robustious Laertes; things that <i>could be done</i>,—for +Hamlet ends with "I'll do it." That is, he will weep, fight, fast, tear +himself, drink bitterness, and eat monstrosities: and this is his +challenge of Laertes to the true testimony of his love, in contrast to +his wordy lamentation. But his quick imagination has caught an impetus +from its own motion, and he goes on, "Nay, I will even outprate you;" +and then follows his superior rant, not uttered with sincere vehemence, +but with quiet and philosophic scorn; and he ends with the reproof of +Laertes' mouthing; a thing particularly distasteful to him. And now, in +accordance with this dignified contempt is his final remonstrance and +his exit speech of—</p> + + + <div class="poem"> + <p> "I lov'd you ever; but it is no matter;</p> + <p>Let Hercules himself," &c.</p> +</div> + + +<p>We thus see that there is no real rant in Hamlet; he is not outbragging +Laertes; but institutes the possible, in contradiction to swagger and +mouthing. The interpretation of <i>eisell</i> thus becomes a matter of +character, and to a great degree would determine an actor's mode of +rendering the whole scene. This result I do not see that any of your +correspondents have taken notice of; and yet it really is the main thing +worth discussing.</p> + +<p>This interpretation too has the advantage of coinciding with +Shakspeare's perpetual love of contrast; the hot, hasty, wordy Laertes +being in strong contrast to the philosophic, meditating, and melancholy +young prince; always true to his character, and ever the first in every +scene by his own calm dignity. He never rants at all, but rides over his +antagonist by his cool reasoning and his own magnificent imagination. +The adoption of Theobald and Hickson's interpretation of the word +<i>eisell</i> becomes therefore of great importance as indicating the +character of Hamlet.</p> + + +<p class="right"> F. G. T.</p> + + +<p>Many of your readers no doubt feel much indebted to your correspondent +for his able summary of the <i>eisell</i> controversy; an example which it is +to be hoped will be followed in other cases. It has induced me to +collect a few passages for the purpose of showing that Shakspeare was +accustomed to make use of what may be termed <i>localisms</i>, which were +frequently as occult as in the instance of the <i>eisell</i>; and that he was +especially fond of establishing himself with the children of his brain +in the particular country by means of allusion to the neighbouring seas +and rivers. What appropriate signs are the Centaur and the Phœnix for +the city of Ephesus, the scene of the <i>Comedy of Errors</i>! The Italian, +Iachimo, speaks of—</p> + + + <div class="poem"> + <p> "—— lips as common as the stairs</p> + <p> That mount the capitol."</p> +</div> + +<p class="noindent">And Petruchio alludes to the bursting of "a chestnut in a farmer's +fire," an incident probably of common occurrence in the sunny south. In +<i>Hamlet</i>, with which we are chiefly concerned, the king "gulps his +draughts of <i>Rhenish</i> down;" and the grave-digger talks of a flagon of +<i>Rhenish</i> having been poured by the jester upon his head, the wine with +which Denmark would naturally be supplied. His majesty inquires:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + <p> "Where are the <i>Switzers</i>? let them guard the door."</p> +</div> + +<p class="noindent">And the student Horatio is judiciously placed at the university of +Wittenburg. Constant mention is made in <i>The Merchant of Venice</i> of the +Rialto; and Portia, not unmindful of the remarkable position of the +city, thus directs Balthazar:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <p> "Bring them, I pray thee, with imagin'd speed</p> + <p> Unto the tranect, to the common ferry</p> + <p>Which trades to Venice."</p> +</div> + +<p>What a fine Hebraism (Hazlitt remarks) is that of Shylock, where he +declares, that he would not have given his ring "for a whole wilderness +of monkeys!" And so, if the subjoined passage in <i>Othello</i> relates to +the ceremony of the Doge's union with the sea, may we not exclaim "What +an admirable Venetianism!"</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <p> "I would not my unhoused free condition</p> + <p> Put into circumscription and confine</p> + <p>For the sea's worth."</p> +</div> + +<p>The Moor has not travelled far to find the following simile:</p> + + + <div class="poem"> + <p class="i5"> "Like to the Pontick sea,</p> + <p>Whose icy current and compulsive course</p> + <p>Ne'er feels retiring ebb, but keeps due on</p> + <p>To the Propontick and the Hellespont."</p></div> + + +<p>Petruchio asserts in respect to Catherine:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <p class="i5">"—— Were she as rough</p> + <p>As are the swelling Adriatic waves,</p> + <p> I come to wive it wealthily in Padua."</p> +</div> + +<p>In the Roman plays the Tiber is repeatedly noticed. The Thames occurs in +<i>Merry Wives of Windsor</i>, and others. And in the Egyptian scenes of +<i>Antony and Cleopatra</i>, the Nile is several times introduced.</p> + + + <p class="blockquot"> "Master Brook [says Falstaff], I will be thrown into Etna, as I + have been into Thames, ere I will leave her thus."</p> + + +<p>Antony exclaims:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + <p> "Let Rome in Tiber melt!"</p> +</div> + +<p class="noindent">while Cleopatra gives utterance to the same sentiment:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <p>"Melt Egypt into Nile! And kindly creatures</p> + <p> Turn all to serpents!"</p> +</div> + +<p>In the last two passages it may be observed, that the hyperbolical +treatment of the two rivers +<a id="rivers157"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[157]</span> + bears some analogy to that of the +<i>eisell</i>; and it may also be pointed out, that although one of your +correspondents has rashly maintained that the word cannot mean a river +because the definite article is omitted before it, Thames, Tiber, and +Nile here occur without. Upon the whole it must appear that there is +some reason for adopting the motto:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <p> "Flow on, thou shining river."</p> +</div> + + <p class="right"> T.</p> + +<p><i>Eisell</i> will, I think, if examples from our old writers decide, be at +least acknowledged to mean in Shakspeare what we now (improperly?) call +vinegar, and not any river. In <i>The Goolden Letanye of the Lyf and +Passion of our Lorde Jesu Criste</i>, edited from a MS. (No. 546.) in the +library at Lambeth, by Mr. Maskell, <i>Monumenta Ritualia</i>, ii. 252., +comes this entreaty:—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "For thi thirste and tastyng of gall and <i>eysyl</i>, graunte us to + tast the swetnes of thi spirite; and have mercy on us."</p> + +<p>All through the sixteenth century, and ages before, <i>eisell</i> was not +only a housewife's word, but in every one's mouth—in the poet's as he +sang, the preacher's as he preached, and the people's while they prayed. +Surely, for this very reason, if Shakspeare meant Hamlet to rant about a +river, the bard would never have made the king choose, before all +others, that very one which bore the same name with the then commonest +word in our tongue: a tiny stream, moreover, which, if hardly ever +spoken of in these days of geographical knowledge, must have been much +less known then to Englishmen.</p> + + + <p class="right"> D<span class="smcap lowercase">A</span>. R<span class="smcap lowercase">OCK</span>.</p> + + <p class="left">Buckland, Faringdon.</p> + + +<p>Your correspondent J. S. W. well deserves the thanks of all those of +your readers who have taken an interest in the discussion on the meaning +of <i>eisell</i> in <i>Hamlet</i>, for the able manner in which he has summed up +the evidence put forward by the counsel on both sides. Perhaps he is +correct in his conclusion, that, of twelve good men and true, nine would +give their verdict for <i>eisell</i> being "a river;" while but three would +favour the "bitter potion." Nevertheless, I must say, I think the +balance yet hangs pretty even, and I rather incline myself to the latter +opinion, for these reasons:</p> + +<p>1. There is no objection whatever, even in the judgment of its enemies, +against <i>eisell</i> meaning "a bitter potion," except that they <i>prefer</i> +the river as more to their taste; for the objection of M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">AUSTON</span> I +conceive to have no weight at all, that "to drink up" can only be +applied "to a definite quantity;" surely it may also mean, and very +naturally, to drink "without stint." And <i>eisell</i> need not be taken as +meaning nothing more than "vinegar;" it may be a potion or medicament of +extreme bitterness, as in the 111th sonnet, and in Lydgate's <i>Troy Boke</i> +quoted by M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">INGER</span>, such, that while it would be possible to sip or +drink it in small quantities, or diluted, yet to swallow a quantity at a +draught would be almost beyond endurance; and hence, I submit, the +appropriateness of "drink up."</p> + +<p>2. There is this objection against <i>eisell</i> meaning a river,—Would the +poet who took a world-wide illustration from <i>Ossa</i>, refer in the same +passage to an obscure local river for another illustration? Moreover it +does not appear to be sufficient to find any mere river, whose name +resembles the word in question, without showing also that there is a +propriety in Hamlet's alluding, to that particular river, either on +account of its volume of water, its rapid flow, &c., or from its being +in sight at the time he spoke, or near at hand.</p> + +<p>Can any of your readers, who have Shakspeare more at their fingers' ends +than myself, instance any <i>exact parallel</i> of this allusion of his to +<i>local</i> scenery, which, being necessarily obscure, must more or less mar +the universality, if I may so speak, of his dramas. Could such instances +be pointed out (which I do not deny) or at least any one exactly +parallel instance, it would go far towards reconciling myself at least +to the notion that <i>eisell</i> is the river Essel.</p> + + +<p class="right">H. C. K.</p> + +<p class="left">—— Rectory, Hereford, July 28.</p> + + + +<h3><span>LORD MAYOR NOT A PRIVY COUNCILLOR.<br /> +(Vol. iv., pp. 9. 137.)</span></h3> + +<p>I will not attempt to follow all the statements of L. M., because some +of them are totally beside the question, and others contradict each +other. I shall only observe that he totally mistakes <i>my</i> argument when +he says, as if in reply to me, that <i>it is not necessary to have the +courtesy title of lord to be a privy councillor</i>. No one ever said any +such thing. What I said was this, that the Mayor of London, like those +of Dublin and York, had the courtesy title of <i>lord</i>, and that this +title of <i>lord</i> brought with it the other courtesy designation of <i>right +honorable</i>, which latter being <i>also</i> (but not <i>likewise</i>) the +designation of privy councillors, had, as I suppose, occasioned the +error now predicated of the Mayor of London being a privy councillor, +which, I repeat, he is no more than any Lord John or Lady Jane, who have +also the title of Right Honorable.</p> + +<p>L. M., however, states as a matter of fact, that "the Lord Mayor is +always <i>summoned to council</i> on the accession of a new sovereign." Now I +assert, and I think have proved in my former note, that the Lord Mayor +never was so <i>summoned to council</i>. I now add that he never has on any +occasion entered the <i>council chamber</i>, that he has never taken the oath +nor performed any act of a privy councillor, and that in short there is +not the +<a id="not158"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[158]</span> + smallest doubt with any one who knows anything about the +Privy Council, that the <i>Lord Mayor of London</i> no more belongs to it +than the <i>Lord Mayors of York or Dublin</i>, or the <i>Lord Provost of +Edinburgh</i>, all of whom are equally styled Right Honorable, which title, +I repeat, is the sole and silly pretence of this new-fangled hypothesis.</p> + + + <p class="right"> C.</p> + + + +<h3><span>"HOUSE OF YVERY."<br /> +(Vol. iv., pp. 101. 136.)</span></h3> + +<p>Observing the imperfect knowledge which Lowndes and your correspondents +apparently have of the work called Anderson's <i>House of Yvery</i>, I send +you a few Notes to clear up some points.</p> + +<p>It may be said there were two editions of this work; one containing the +censorious comments of (I presume) Lord Egmont on the degraded state of +the peerage; the second, that in which those comments were cancelled. To +the first, no printer's name appeared in the title-page; to the second +is the name of "H. Woodfall, jun."</p> + +<p>Lowndes has entirely mistaken the origin of the different paging in vol. +i. The fact is, the original edition of the Introduction contained 41 +pages of text, but the cancels reduced that number to 37; which p. 37., +as Lowndes correctly remarks, is in the second edition misprinted 29. I +possess both copies, with and without the cancels. By Lowndes we are led +to believe that only p. xxxvii. was destroyed; but in truth they are p. +xvi., and parts of pp. xv. and xvii., and nearly the whole of pp. +xxxv.-vi., containing the anecdotes of the tailor's son and the +apothecary's brother-in-law being sent, or intended to be sent, to +foreign courts, as ambassadors from England. Another cancel occurs in +vol. ii., of nearly the whole of pp. 444-5-6, which occasions Lowndes to +say that pp. 446-7 are missing. The duplicate pages 453 to 460 are +peculiar to the second edition only. One of my copies contains two +additional plates, one of Wardour Castle, the other of Acton Burnell, +evidently engraved for the work. The map of the baronies of Duhallow, +&c., is only in one copy, viz. the original edition. Unfortunately, this +original edition wants all the portraits of Faber, but it has the tomb +of Richard Percival of 1190, beginning "Orate," as in Lowndes. It +contains also a duplicate portrait of Sir Philip Percival, engraved by +Toms in 1738 (who also engraved the Wardour and Acton Burnell Castles); +and this duplicate is also in the other copy.</p> + +<p>Were I to form any judgment when this work was commenced, I should say +about 1738, and that all the engravings for it were done by Toms; and +the first edition was printed in 1742, without any printer's name, and +that some copies were so bound up. The other copies remained in sheets +until the next year, when Faber was employed to engrave the portraits, +and till 1744 or 1747; 1747 being the latest date of Faber's plates. +There is some curious information in these volumes, and I would +recommend your readers to observe how much the conduct of the Catholics +of Ireland, recorded in vol. ii. p. 271., resembles that of the +Catholics of the present day.</p> + +<p class="right"> P.</p> + + + +<h3><span>ON "RACK" IN THE TEMPEST.<br /> +(Vol. iv., pp. 37. 121.)</span></h3> + +<p>I think A. E. B. has not understood M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ICKSON'S</span> argument in reference +to this word. Perhaps the latter may not have expressed himself very +clearly; and not having by me his original paper on the subject, I +cannot cite his exact words; but his argument I take to be to this +effect:—In construction of the passage there is a double comparison, +which, though perfectly clear to the intelligent reader, causes some +confusion when a doubt is first raised as to the meaning of the word, +and which can be cleared up only by a thorough analysis. "The +cloud-capp'd towers," &c., are first compared with "the baseless fabric +of this vision," <i>like which</i> they "shall dissolve," and afterwards with +"this insubstantial pageant," <i>like which</i> (<i>having "faded"</i>) they shall +"leave not a rack behind." A given object can be said to "leave behind" +only that which was originally of its elements, and for this reason only +a general term such as <i>wreck</i> or <i>vestige</i> will accord with the +construction of the passage.</p> + +<p>I am sorry to find that any one should misquote Shakspeare for the +purpose of obtaining a temporary triumph: probably, however, in the +instance I am about to cite, A. E. B. has really fallen into the common +error of regarding two similes as one. He says, giving the substance of +Shakspeare's passage, "the globe itself shall dissolve, and, like this +vision, leave not a wreck behind." What Shakspeare in substance <i>does</i> +say is, "The globe itself, <i>like this vision</i>, shall dissolve, and, +<i>like this faded pageant, shall</i> leave not a rack behind." A. E. B.'s +question, therefore, "in what was the resemblance to the vision to +consist, if not in melting, like it, into thin air?" is thus answered: +The resemblance <i>does</i> consist in <i>dissolving</i>, or "melting" away.</p> + +<p>My object in making these remarks is not to express an opinion on one +side or the other, but to draw the attention of your readers to the real +question at issue. I therefore say nothing as to whether Shakspeare may +or may not have had a prevision of the nebular theory; though I cannot +see that this would be in the least affected by our decision as to the +meaning of this word, since the <i>wrack</i> or <i>wreck</i> of the world might +well be represented +<a id="represented159"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[159]</span> + by the "vapour" for which A. E. B. contends. +As, however, this gentleman says such is its meaning "beyond all doubt," +(a rather dogmatic way of settling the question, by the way, seeing that +a doubt had been thrown upon it in the very paper he has engaged himself +to answer,) I should like to be informed if there is any authority for +the use of the word in Shakspeare, or his cotemporaries, as <i>mere</i> +"haze" or "vapour." I have generally understood it to mean a +<i>particular</i> description of cloud, or, as some say, more properly, the +course of the clouds in motion.</p> + +<p>In fine, as Prospero did undoubtedly point to the dissolution of the +globe and all that it contained, it is quite clear that it could in such +case leave neither "cloud" nor "vapour," nor anything else behind it. +The simple question then remains: Is the word <i>rack</i>, as elsewhere used +by Shakspeare and his contemporaries, logically applicable there?</p> + +<p class="right"> A L<span class="smcap lowercase">OOKER-ON</span>.</p> + +<p class="left"> Dawlish, Aug. 16. 1851.</p> + + +<h4><span><i>Wolken Zug, English Term corresponding to.</i></span></h4> +<p>—Coleridge (<i>Death of +Wallenstein</i>, Act V. Sc. 1.) gives the lines—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + <p> "Fast fly the clouds, the sickle of the moon</p> + <p> Struggling, darts snatches of uncertain light."</p> +</div> + +<p class="noindent">as a translation of</p> + + <div class="poem"> +<p class="i5"> "—— schnell geht</p> + <p>Der Wolken Zug: die Mondessichel wankt</p> + <p>Und durch die Nacht zuckt ungewisse Helle."</p> +</div> + +<p>In a note on this passage he says:</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> "The words <i>wanken</i> and <i>schweben</i> are not easily translated. The + English words by which we attempt to render them are either + vulgar or pedantic, or not of sufficiently general application. + So 'der Wolken Zug,' the draft, the procession of clouds, the + masses of the clouds sweep onward in swift <i>stream</i>."</p> + + +<p>On reading this, it struck me that the English word <i>rack</i> exactly +expresses the meaning of "der Wolken Zug."</p> + +<p>Malone, in his note on the <i>Tempest</i>, Act IV. Sc. 1., says:</p> + + + <p class="blockquot"> "<i>Rack</i> is generally used for a <i>body of clouds</i>, or rather for + <i>the course of clouds in motion</i>."</p> + + +<p>I add a few instances of the use of this word, many of which are +collected in the note I have referred to.</p> + +<p>In <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i>—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + <p> "That which is now a horse, even with a thought</p> + <p> The <i>rack</i> dislimns."</p> +</div> + +<p>In Fletcher's <i>Faithful Shepherdess</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <p class="i3"> "shall I stray</p> + <p> In the middle air, and stay</p> + <p> The sailing <i>rack</i>."</p> +</div> + +<p>In Dryden's tenth <i>neid</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> <p> "the doubtful <i>rack</i> of heaven</p> + <p>Stands without motion."</p></div> + + +<p>The term <i>scud</i>, used by sailors, seems to express the same idea.</p> + + +<p class="right"> X. Z.</p> + + + +<h3><span>RICHARD ROLLE OF HAMPOLE.<br /> +(Vol. iv., pp. 49. 116.)</span></h3> + +<p>The productions of the writer known by the name of the Hermit of Hampole +have been hitherto much neglected: they afford copious illustrations of +ancient manners, and are very valuable in a philological point of view. +I would especially name the <i>Speculum Vit, or Mirrour of Life</i>, of +which I possess two MSS. in entirely distinct dialects.</p> + +<p>Your Cambridge correspondent has shown that the Metrical Sermons contain +interesting passages also illustrative of manners and as the extracts he +has made have given occasion to some glossarial Queries from an Oxford +correspondent, J. E., should they not be more satisfactorily answered by +C. H., to whom they are addressed, perhaps the following attempt to +resolve them may not be unacceptable.</p> + +<p>1. By the <i>devenisch</i> most probably the <i>Danish</i> is meant, which we find +elsewhere written <i>Deniske</i>, <i>Daniske</i>, and <i>Danske</i>.</p> + +<p>2. <i>Guystroun</i> should be <i>quystroun</i>, which is used by Chaucer in the +<i>Romaunt of the Rose</i>, and signifies a <i>scullion</i>, as is evident from +this passage. It is from the O. Fr. <i>quistron</i> or <i>cuistron</i>. Thus in K. +Alisaunder (Weber's <i>Metr. Rom.</i>), v. 2511.:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + <p> "Ther n'as knave no <i>quistron</i></p> + <p> That he no hadde gd waryson."</p> +</div> + +<p>3. By <i>Chaunsemlees</i> we may probably understand <i>schoon-semeles</i>, +signifying, no doubt, <i>sandals</i>.</p> + +<p>4. "Hir chere was ay <i>semand</i> sori," which your correspondent says is +"an expression very strange to English verse," is nothing more than the +old form of <i>seeming</i>: her cheer was ever sorrowful or <i>sad-seeming</i>. +The termination <i>and</i> or <i>ande</i>, as well as <i>inde</i>, was formerly used +where we now have <i>ing</i>. Examples are numerous of this form; as <i>semand</i> +and <i>semynd</i>, <i>spekand</i>, <i>strikinde</i>, &c. &c.</p> + +<p>In Gawin Douglas, <i>Eneados</i>, we have <i>glaidsembland</i> for an appearance +of joy or gladness, a <i>cheerful countenance</i>; and in b. ii. v. 159.:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + <p>"As that drery unarmyt wicht was sted</p> + <p> And with <i>eine</i></p> +<p><a id="eine8"></a><a title="Go to footnote 8." href="#fn8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> +blent about <i>semyn ful red</i>."</p> +</div> + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn8"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#eine8" class="label">[8]</a> Your correspondent's extract has <i>ane</i>; but <i>eyes</i> are +evidently meant.</p> + +<p>There are other words which appear in an uncommon form in these +extracts, for instance, <i>telid</i> and <i>telith</i>, <i>hirched</i> and <i>hirching</i>; +and the following plural form I do not recollect to have observed +elsewhere:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + <p> "For ser deyntes and many <i>mes</i></p> + <p> Make men falle in many <i>sicknes</i>." +<a id="sick160"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[160]</span></p> +</div> + +<p>In the last line of the first page, <i>Salhanas</i> should be <i>Sathanas</i>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <p> "And so slew Jesu Sathanas,"</p> +</div> + +<p class="noindent">reminding us of the tradition mentioned by D<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. R<span class="smcap lowercase">IMBAULT</span>, "the Devil died +when Christ <i>suffered</i>," not when he was <i>born</i>.</p> + +<p class="right">S. W. Singer.</p> + +<p class="left">Mickleham, Aug. 18. 1851.</p> + + + +<h3><span class="bla">Replies to Minor Queries.</span></h3> + + +<h4><span><i>Lady Flora Hastings' Bequest</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., pp. 443. 522.; Vol. iv., pp. +44. 92. 108.).</span></h4> + +<p>—E<span class="smcap lowercase">RZA</span> regrets extremely the mistake she has made with +regard to the above poem. The person from whom, and the circumstances +under which she received it, all tended to confirm her in her error till +the last moment—with which, if the authoress of this beautiful poem +were acquainted, E<span class="smcap lowercase">RZA</span> is sure she would be forgiven.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> [To these regrets on the part of E<span class="smcap lowercase">RZA</span> we have to add the + expression of our own that our columns should have been made the + medium of a statement which it is obvious originated in error. We + regret also that, after the contradictions given to the first + statement, E<span class="smcap lowercase">RZA</span> should, without a positive knowledge of the real + facts of the case, have reiterated in such strong terms the + claims of Lady Flora Hastings to the authorship of a poem which + it is now quite clear is really the production of Miss Barber.] +</p> + + + +<h4><span>"<i>The Right Divine of Kings to govern wrong</i>"</span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 125).</span></h4> + +<p>—I +cannot concur in M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY'S</span> conjecture that the <i>marks of quotation</i> +affixed to this line in the eighteenth book of the <i>Dunciad</i> may have +been a mere <i>error of the press</i>; because, in the first place, I do not +find that the <i>Dunciad</i> is more negligently printed than other works of +the day. I should say rather less so; but (which is more important) any +one who will look at the successive editions will, I think, be satisfied +that the <i>remarkable typography</i> of the line, carefully reproduced in +<i>all</i>, could not be accidental. This matter is less trifling than it at +first sight may seem, because there are several lines in Pope's works +similarly marked as quotations, on which questions have arisen; and my +belief is that everything so marked will turn out to have really been a +<i>quotation</i>, though in this case, and in that other,</p> + +<div class="poem"> + <p> "No Lord's anointed but a Russian bear,"</p> +</div> + +<p class="noindent">we have, as yet, failed to find the original.</p> + + <p class="right"> C.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Fairlight Church</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 57.).</span></h4> + +<p>—The old church was Early +English; the original windows were lancet-shaped. It was built, like all +the adjoining churches, of stone; but it had been repaired with brick, +and the roof of the tower had been covered with tiles instead of +shingles. The earliest brick building in Sussex, after the Roman period, +is Herstmonceux Castle, built by Sir Roger de Fynes, treasurer of the +household to Henry VI.</p> + +<p class="right"> W. D. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OOPER</span></p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Dogmatism and Puppyism</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv, p. 102).</span></h4> + +<p>—The quotation your +correspondent writes about to be found in M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. D<span class="smcap lowercase">OUGLAS</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">ERROLD'S</span> <i>A Man +Made of Money</i>, p. 252.:</p> + + + <p class="blockquot">"'Robert, my dear,' said Jenny, with the deferential air of a + scholar, 'Robert, what did Mr. Carraways mean when he said he + hated dog—dogmatism?' Topps was puzzled. 'Robert, my dear,' + Jenny urged, 'what—what in the world is dogmatism?' Now it was + the weakness of Topps, never to confess ignorance of anything + soever to his wife. 'A man should never do it,' Topps had been + known in convivial seasons to declare; 'it makes 'em conceited.' + Whereupon Topps prepared himself, as was his wont, to make + solemn, satisfying, answer. Taking off his hat, and smoothing the + wrinkles of his brow, Topps said, 'Humph! what is dogmatism? Why, + it is this, of course: dogmatism is puppyism come to its full + growth.'"</p> + + + +<p class="right"> E<span class="smcap lowercase"> D. </span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">TEANE </span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">ACKSON</span>.</p> + + <p class="left"> Saffron Walden, Aug. 10.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Was Stella Swift's Sister?</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 450.; Vol. iv., p. +110.).</span></h4> + +<p>—That Swift was the son of Sir William Temple seems to have been +completely disproved by Mason. Swift was born in Dublin, 30th November, +1667, in the house of his uncle Godwin Swift, who, after the death of +his younger brother, Jonathan, in the preceding April, took charge of +his widow. Sir William Temple appears from his letters to have been +abroad in a public capacity from 1665 to 1670. If therefore, there +existed such consanguinity between Swift and Stella as to be a bar to +their marriage, it must have arisen in some other way. Swift says that +Stella "was born at Richmond in Surrey, on 13th March, 1681; her father +being the younger brother of a good family in Nottinghamshire [Qy. Sir +Wm. Temple? Sheen, where he resided, was close by], her mother of a +lower degree." There can be little doubt that she was illegitimate. The +question arises, who was her mother? On this point the Richmond registry +might perhaps throw some light. <i>Has it ever been searched?</i> In order +that the supposed consanguinity should have existed, her mother must +have been either Swift's mother, Abigail Swift (<i>ne</i> Erick) of +Leicestershire, or (what seems more probable) an illegitimate +half-sister of Swift. It has been surmised, however, that an impediment +to Swift's marriage of an entirely different nature from consanguinity +may have existed; or that, feeling himself to be labouring under an +hereditary disease, he may have been unwilling to propagate it. I am +much inclined to think that the objection to the marriage of Swift and +Stella, which certainly must have existed, was of this last description; +and that +<a id="that161"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[161]</span> +it would have been equally strong the case of any other +female. However this may be, I believe that full credit may be given to +what Swift has stated respecting the perfect purity of his intercourse +with Stella.</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"I knew her from six years old, and had some share in her + education, by directing what books she should read, and + perpetually instructing her in the principles of honour and + virtue, from which she never swerved in any one action or moment + of her life."—Swift's <i>Works</i>, vol ix. p. 489. (<i>citante</i> + Mason).</p> + + + <p class="right"> E. H. D. D.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Charles Lamb's Epitaph</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., pp. 322. 459.).</span></h4> + +<p>—It has been +suggested to me by a lady who was an intimate friend of Lamb's, that Mr. +Justice Talfourd was the author of this epitaph. The observation, +however, was made without, I believe, any <i>certain</i> knowledge on the +subject.</p> + + + <p class="right"> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OWGILL</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Meaning of Carnaby</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 495.).</span></h4> + +<p>—A<span class="smcap lowercase">RUN</span> inquires as to the +meaning of Carnaby as the name of a street. Carnaby is a surname +probably deriving from the parish of Carnaby in Yorkshire. It has become +a Christian name in the family of —— Haggerston, Bart., since the +marriage of an heiress of Carnaby's into that family.</p> + +<p>Streets are often called after proper names.</p> + + +<p class="right"> †</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Scandinavian Mythology</i></span> <span>(Vol. ii, p. 141.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Your correspondent T. J. +has called attention to the tradition-falsifying assertion of Mr. G. +Pigott, that the custom with which the Scandinavians were long +reproached, of drinking out of the skulls of their enemies, has no other +foundation than a blunder of Olaus Wormius in translating a passage in +the death-song of Regner Lodbrog.</p> + +<p>The following extracts from the curious and learned work of Bartholinus, +<i>De Causis Contempt a Danis Adhuc Gentilibus Mortis</i>, will, I think, +show that the subject deserves further inquiry before we consent to +place this ancient historical tradition in the category of vulgar +errors. Speaking of the banquets of the beatified heroes in Valhalla, +Bartholinus says:</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"Neque tamen ex communi animalium cornu elaborata pocula in + Valhalla viserentur; sacratiora desiderabantur ex csorum craniis + inimicorum confecta, qu apud Danos vel ex Dani oriundos, alias + quoque gentes, in summo erant pretio."—Lib. ii. cap. xii. p. + 555.</p> + +<p>In proof of this assertion he quotes the following authors; Herodotus +(lib. iv. cap. 65.) and Plato (Euthydemus), who attribute this custom to +the Scythians. Aristotle is supposed to allude to it, <i>De Repub.</i> lib. +vii. cap. 2. In the <i>Historia Miscellanea</i>, lib. vi., it is mentioned as +a custom of the Scordisci; and similar customs are recorded of the +Panebi by Nicolaus Damascenus, of the Essedones by Solinus and Mela, of +the Boii by Livy (lib iii. cap. 24.), of the Celts by Silius Italicus +(lib. ii.), of the Langobards by Paulus Diaconus (lib. i. cap. 27.). The +last-mentioned author informs us that these skull cups were alled +"scal;" upon which Bartholinus remarks—</p> + + + <p class="blockquot"> "Unde genus, undeque morem ejusmodi conficiendarum paterarum unde + etiam nomen <i>scal</i> iis inditum, ex septentrione nempe traxerunt + Langobardi manifestum facient Vaulundar qvidu.</p> + + + <div class="poem"> + <p class="i3">"Enn pœr skalar</p> + <p class="i5">&c. &c.</p> + <p class="i5">h. e.</p> + <p> Crania autem illa</p> + <p>Qu pericraniis suberant</p> + <p> Argento obduxit et</p> + <p>Nidado tradidit."</p> +</div> + + + <p class="right"> W. B. R.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Scandal against Queen Elizabeth</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., pp. 225. 285. 393.).</span></h4> + +<p>—I do +not recollect that either of your correspondents on this subject has +brought forward the aspersion upon Queen Elizabeth's fair fame in +precisely the same form in which the Jesuit Sanders places it in the +following passage:—</p> + + +<p class="blockquot"> "Hc Ecclesi contra ipsam sententi, et Catholicorum novis + incrementis quotidianis, non mediocriter offensa Elizabetha, + convocatis ordinibus, leges valde iracundas et cruentas contra + veteris fidei cultores promulgat: quibus primum cavetur, <i>ne quis + Elizabetham hreticam, schismaticam, infidelem, usurpatricemve, + sub pœn capitis vocet</i>. Item. <i>Ne quis aliam quamcunque + certam personam nominet, cui regnum vel in vit, vel post mortem + ipsius, deberi dicatur, except Elizabeth naturali prole.</i> Ea + enim sunt ipsa decreti verba. In eam enim homines vel adulationem + vel necessitatem ita perduxit hresis, ut quod illud nobilissimum + regnum illegitim illius regis sui proli gre unquam concessit, + nunc <i>naturali</i>, id est, <i>spuri</i>, soboli regin in cujus sexu + fornicationis peccatum est fœdius, non denegarint: pariter et + reipublic, ex proximi successoris ignoratione, extremum + periculum, et Elizabeth incontinentiam prodentes."—Nicolai + Sanderi <i>Hist. Schism. Angl.</i> lib. iii. Nov leges lat in + Catholicos, ann. 1571, ed. 8vo. Col. Agr. 1628, p. 299.</p> + + +<p>To some of your readers this passage may seem to indicate that the use +of the equivocal word <i>naturali</i> may have given colour, not to say +occasion, to the whole scandal against Queen Elizabeth. By many, I +apprehend, it will be acknowledged that <i>spuri</i> is not the only, if an +allowable, interpretation.</p> + + <p class="right">J. S<span class="smcap lowercase">ANSOM</span>.</p> + +<p class="left">Oxford, July 22. 1851.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Meaning of "Deal"</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 88.).</span></h4> + +<p>—I think the following may help +to throw a little light upon the use of the word <i>deal</i> as meaning +<i>divide</i>. I was in Wensleydale about a month ago; and on inquiring where +the boundary between the North and West Ridings of Yorkshire ran, was +told, "On the top of Penhill, where God's water deals" (<i>i. e.</i> the rain +divides). I may further add, on my own knowledge, that in the north-west +corner of Suffolk, where the country is almost entirely open, +<a id="open162"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[162]</span> +the boundaries of the different parishes are marked by earthen mounds, +from three to six feet high, which are known in the neighbourhood as +<i>dools</i> the word being probably derived from the same root. I have been +told, however, that it should be spelled <i>duals</i>, and that the +derivation of it was from the Latin <i>duo</i> as marking two parishes; but I +am sure that it is always pronounced by the country-people at a +monosyllable, and therefore the chances are in favour of the former +derivation being the right one.</p> + +<p><i>A propos</i> to Suffolk, another of your correspondents (Vol. iv., p. 55) +lately mentioned the fashion the people there have of leaving out the +<i>ve</i> in the middle of the names of places. In this I can bear him +witness also; but I do not think it is confined to those letters only: +<i>e. g.</i> Eriswell, pronounced <i>Asel</i>; Wymondham (in Norfolk) <i>Wyndham</i>, +&c. Among those names of places in which the <i>ve</i> is left out, your +correspondent has omitted Elved<i>e</i>n (commonly, though erroneously, +Elved<i>o</i>n), which is always called and often spelled <i>Elden</i>.</p> + + <p class="right"> A. N.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>"The Worm in the Bud," &c.</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 86.).</span></h4> + +<p>—This quotation is from +Cowper's lines appended to the Bill of Mortality for the parish of All +Saints, Northampton, for 1787:</p> + + <div class="poem"> +<p> "Read, ye that run, the awful truth</p> + <p class="i3">With which I charge my page;</p> + <p>A worm is in the bud of youth,</p> + <p class="i3">And at the root of age."</p> +</div> + +<p>I know not with whom the idea originated. The imagery is frequently used +by Shakspeare, but with him never indicates disease or death.</p> + +<p>I can call to mind no similar expression in the classics.</p> + +<p class="right"> H. E. H.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Moore's Almanack</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 74.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Your correspondent F<span class="smcap lowercase">RANCIS</span> is in +error as to the MSS. and correspondence of Henry Andrews being in the +possession of his son, Mr. Wm. Henry Andrews. Mr. W. H. Andrews some +time ago sold to me the whole of his father's MSS. correspondence, +astronomical and astrological calculations, with a mass of very curious +letters from persons desirous of having their "nativities cast." I have +also some copies of Andrews' portrait, one of which shall be much at +your service.</p> + +<p>Moore's <i>Almanack</i> was known by that name long before Andrews had any +connection with it, but he was for upwards of forty years its compiler +for the Company of Stationers, whose liberal (?) treatment of Andrews +may be collected from the following postscript to a letter addressed to +me by his son:—</p> + + + <p class="blockquot">"My father's calculations, &c., for Moore's <i>Almanack</i>, continued + during a period of forty-three years; and although through his + great talent and management he increased the sale of that work + from 100,000 to 500,000, yet, strange to say, all he received for + his services was 25<i>l.</i> per ann.!! Yet I never heard him murmur + even once about it; such was his delight in pursuing his + favourite studies, that his anxiety about remuneration was out of + the question. Sir Richard Phillips, who at times visited him at + Royston, once met him in London, and endeavoured to persuade him + to go with him to Stationers' Hall, and he would get him 100<i>l.</i>; + but he declined going, saying that he was satisfied."</p> + + +<p>Andrews was also computer to the Board of Longitude, and Maskelyne's +<i>Letters</i> evidence the value and correctness of his calculations.</p> + +<p>The only materials left by Andrews for a memoir of his life I believe I +possess, and some day I may find leisure to put them into order for +publication.</p> + + +<p class="right"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">OBT</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLE</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Scurvy Ale.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—The Query (Vol. iv., p. 68.) "What was scurvy ale?" may +perhaps be answered by an extract from a little work, <i>The Polar Sea and +Regions</i>, published by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh. In the account of +Baffin's voyage, in which he discovered the bay called after him +Baffin's Bay, we are told that—</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"Finding the health of his crew rather declining, he sailed + across to Greenland, where an abundance of <i>scurvy grass boiled + in beer</i> quickly restored them; and the Lord then sent them a + speedy and good passage homeward."</p> + +<p>Johnson explains scurvy-grass as spoonwort.</p> + + <p class="right">W. F<span class="smcap lowercase">RASER</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Siege of Londonderry</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 87.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Will you have the goodness +to inform your correspondent that I have a pamphlet, printed soon after +the famous siege was over, giving a particular account of it, though it +altogether omits mentioning the name of an ancestor of mine who +distinguished himself in the relief of that place. I shall be happy to +afford E. A. any information or assistance he may require.</p> + + <p class="right"> B. G.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Salting the Bodies of the Dead</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 6.), </span></h4> + +<p>about which MR. M<span class="smcap lowercase">C</span>C<span class="smcap lowercase">ABE</span> asks, is a very old custom in England. Matt. Paris, in his +description of Abbot William's funeral at St. Albans, A.D. 1235, tells +us how—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Corpus apertum est. &c. Et quicquid in corpore repertum est, in + quadam cuna repositum est, sale conspersum. Et in cœmiterio, + est humatum. Corpus autem interius, aceto lotum et imbutum et + multo sale respersum et resutum. Et hoc sic factum est + circumspecte et prudenter, ne corpus per triduum et amplius + reservandum, tetrum aliquem odorem olfacientibus generaret et + corpus tumulandum, contrectantibus aliquod offendiculum + praesentaret."—<i>Vit S. Albani Abbatum</i>, p. 87. ed. Wats, Paris, + 1644.</p> + +<p class="right"> D<span class="smcap lowercase">A.</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">OCK</span>.</p> + + <p class="left">Buckland, July 24. 1851.</p> + + +<p>In the 86th and two following sections of the Second Book of Herodotus +is the description of the ancient Egyptian methods of preserving +the +<a id="the163"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[163]</span> + bodies of the dead. These were more or less embalmed with +aromatic spices, according to the condition of the person, and then +corned with saltpetre (<span title="[Greek: litron]">λιτρον</span>, <i>nitre</i>) for seventy days; +strictly, <i>salted</i>. Is it possible that the early Christians, in +adopting this practice, may have been influenced by that very obscure +passage, Mark ix. 49.: "Every one shall be <i>salted</i> with fire?"</p> + +<p class="right"> A<span class="smcap lowercase">LFRED</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">ATTY</span>.</p> + + +<p>The custom of placing a plate of salt on the body of the dead is very +general in Wales. I remember, when a child, inquiring the reason of the +practice, and being told by an old woman that it was to prevent the body +from swelling. My remark, that <i>any</i> weight might answer the same +purpose, was met by the reply; "there's no weight so heavy as salt gets +when it is on the dead." This proves that some feeling of superstition +mingles with the custom. Has not the use of salt in baptism, amongst the +Italians &c., come allusion to the banishment of the evil spirit?</p> + + + <p class="right"> S<span class="smcap lowercase">ELEUCUS</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>The Word "Repudiate"</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 54.).</span></h4> + +<p>—That the use of the word +<i>repudiate</i>, in the sense of refuse, repel, reject, abandon, disown, +cast off, is by no means modern; and that such phrases as "I repudiate +the idea," "I repudiate the sentiment," "I repudiate the proposal," are +strictly correct, is evident from the use of the word by "standard +classical authors" in the original language from which it has come down +to us. Sallust, for instance, in his <i>History of Catiline's Conspiracy</i>, +says that Lentulus advised him to seek assistance everywhere, even +amongst the dregs of the populace; asking him at the same time, "Why, +since the senate had already adjudged him to be an enemy to the +republic, he should <i>repudiate the slaves</i>?" i. e., refuse to enrol them +in his levies.</p> + + + <p class="blockquot">"Cum ab senatu hostis judicatus sit, quo consilio <i>servitia + repudiet</i>?"—<i>Sall. Cat.</i> 44.</p> + + +<p>Cicero, in his Offices, in opposition to the opinion of the peripatetic +school, that anger is implanted in us by nature for useful ends, lays it +down as a principle, that "on all occasions <i>anger ought to be +repudiated</i>;" that is, "cast out of the mind," and says that "it is to +be wished that persons who are at the head of the state should be like +the laws, which inflict punishment not in anger but in justice."</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "<i>Illa</i> (iracundia) vero omnibus in rebus <i>repudianda + est</i>."—<i>Cic. de Off.</i> I. xxv. 13.</p> + + +<p>Cicero knew nothing of the Christian grace of "being angry and sinning, +not;" he knew nothing of the severity of love. In another place he tells +us that on one occasion Themistocles declared in the Athenian assembly, +that he had a plan to propose which would be of great advantage to the +state, but ought not to be made public. He was willing, however, to +communicate it to any one person whom they might select. Aristides, +rightly named the Just, being the person selected, Themistocles +disclosed his plan to him: which was, secretly to set fire to the +Lacedmonian fleet in the dockyard of Gytheum, by which means they would +effectually crush the power of the Lacedmonians. Aristides returned to +the assembly, and at once declared that Themistocles' plan was certainly +very advantageous, but by no means honourable; whereupon the Athenians, +rightly considering that what was not attended with honour, could not be +attended even with advantage in reality, without hearing another word, +"<i>repudiated the whole affair</i>;" that is, utterly rejected the proposal.</p> + + + <p class="blockquot">"Itaque Athenienses, quod honestum non esset, id ne utile quidem + putaverunt; <i>totamque eam rem</i>, quam ne audierant quidem, auctore + Aristide, <i>repudiaverunt</i>."—<i>Cic. de Off.</i> III. xi. 12.</p> + + +<p>In a third place, he relates that some persons forged a will of one +Minucius Basilus, who had died in Greece; and, in order that they might +the more easily obtain their end, put down Marcus Crassus and Quintus +Hortensius, two of the most influential men in Rome at that time, as +co-legatees with themselves, who although they suspected the will to be +forged, yet did not <i>repudiate the little legacy</i> coming to them through +other persons' fraud, because forsooth they were not privy to the actual +commission of the forgery.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Qui cum illud falsum esse suspicarentur, sibi autem nullius + essent conscii culp, alieni facinoris <i>munusculum non + repudiaverunt</i>."—<i>Cic. de Off.</i> III. xviii. 4.</p> + + +<p>A little further research might easily multiply instances, but I think +these are quite sufficient to prove that we moderns are but following +the ancients in using the word <i>repudiate</i> without reference to any +<i>obligation</i> expressed or implied.</p> + + <p class="right"> F. F. F.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Repudiate, Ringlet, Outburst</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 54.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Your correspondent +H. C. K. has dealt, I fear, somewhat too harshly with "repudiate." +Surely "repudiare" is "to reject what one is ashamed of, scorns, or +disdains." Two instances immediately suggest themselves in <i>Cicer. pro +Plancio</i>, 18 (44). 20 (50). In the former—</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"Respuerent aures, nemo agnosceret, repudiarent,"</p> + + +<p class="noindent">perhaps the word is a gloss upon "respuerunt." The latter, however, is +unexceptionable:</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"Nunquam enim fere nobilitas, integra prsertim atque innocens, a + Populo Romano supplex repudiata fuit."</p> + + +<p class="noindent">Why then should "repudiate" necessarily imply the notion of +"obligation?" and why should I, if I "repudiate" the criticism of H. C. +K., be held to "talk nonsense?"</p> + +<p>May I be allowed room for a couple of Queries? 1. Is our modern usage of +"ringlet" found before +<a id="before164"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[164]</span> + the time of Milton? 2. What is the +earliest authority for "outburst?"</p> + + +<p class="right">C<span class="smcap lowercase">HARLES</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HIRIOLD.</span></p> + + <p class="left"> Cambridge, July 29. 1851.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>On the Letter "v"</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 55.).</span></h4> + +<p>—I have read with pleasure the +paragraphs in your "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" on "the letter <i>v</i>," and beg +space for a further notice, with an especial reference to the patronymic +of <i>Ray</i> or <i>Wray</i>. One family uses the motto, "Juste et <i>V</i>rai," whose +name is <i>Wray</i>; and another the same motto, whose name is <i>Ray</i>. And it +will be remembered that John Ray, the naturalist, changed the +orthography of his name from <i>Wray</i> to <i>Ray</i>, as he concluded it had +been formerly written; and in one of the letters published by the Ray +Society, +<a id="Society9"></a><a title="Go to footnote 9." href="#fn9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a> + allusion is made to the adjective or substantive <i>vrai</i>, as +if that distinguished philosopher and divine had either derived his name +thence, or it had the same signification as that French word. Are we +then to take this as an instance of the silent <i>v</i> or <i>double u</i> or <i>v</i>; +and as any proof that families writing their names <i>Wray</i> and <i>Ray</i> were +originally of one patronymic and one common root, and that presumptively +Norman?</p> + +<p class="footnote"><a id="fn9"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Society9" class="label">[9]</a> Vide the <i>Correspondence of John Ray</i>. Edited by Edwin +Lankester, M.D. London, 1848, pp. 65, 66.</p> + +<p>Under a separate heading, perhaps you will also indulge me with a Query +as to the coat of arms, under the portrait by Bathon, 1760, after W. +Hibbart, of Joannes Rajus, A.M., prefixed to Dr. Derham's <i>Life of John +Ray</i>, published by George Scott, M.A. and F.R.S.: London, 1760. The +shield is, gules, on a fesse, between three crescents, three cross +crosslets. Is it inferable that that coat was ever borne by patent or +admissible prescriptive right, by any of his ancestors? Several families +in the north of England, whence his father came, also have registered in +respectable armories crescents against their names. The poor origin of +John Ray is obviated, in some degree, by what is said in a Life of him, +published in <i>The Portrait Gallery of British Worthies</i>, by Charles +Knight. I suppose he himself used the armorials in question, and was +related to the family of nearly the same name, bearing crescents, viz. +Reay.</p> + +<p>The glasses of some of your correspondents may assist one more +shortsighted than themselves.</p> + +<p class="right">H. W. G. R., Presbyter,<br /> + and Member of the Ray Society.</p> + + <p class="left">1. Mead Place, Derby, Aug. 2. 1851.</p> + + +<p>I beg leave to correct a remark of W. S. W***. as to <i>Tiverton</i>, Devon, +which was never pronounced <i>Terton</i>; it is Twiverton, near Bath, which +is pronounced <i>Twerton</i>.</p> + +<p class="right"> S. S.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>"Whig" and "Tory"</i> </span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 57.).</span></h4> + +<p>—The name "Whig" is derived from +the Celtic <i>ugham</i>, a sort of large saddle, with bags attached to it, in +use among the freebooters of the borders of Scotland: hence those +robbers were known to the Highlanders by the name of <i>Whiggam-more</i>, or +"big-saddle thieves;" and when the Civil War broke out, the Highlanders +and Irish, who supported the king, called themselves <i>a taobh Righ</i>, <i>i. +e.</i> "the king's party," and gave the name of <i>Whiggamore thieves</i> to +their opponents. <i>Whiggammore</i> and <i>taobh Righ</i> soon became shortened to +<i>Whig</i> and <i>Tory</i>, and in aftertimes served to distinguish the +supporters of the rival houses of Hanover and Stuart. The modern +signification of the terms is different, <i>Whig</i> being taken to mean +"liberal," and <i>Tory</i> "exclusive."</p> + + +<p class="right"> F<span class="smcap lowercase">RAS.</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Planets of the Months</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 23.).</span></h4> + +<p>—I do not understand this +Query. What is meant by "planets for the months?" There are twelve +months, and in common parlance only seven planets. Nor do I see what is +meant by "precious stones symbolizing <i>those</i> planets." In heraldry, the +arms of sovereigns and royal personages are blazoned by the names of the +sun, moon, and planets, for colours, as those of noblemen are by +precious stones. If this is what is asked after, the following table +will explain it:—</p> + +<div class="box"> +<table summary="Precious stones"> +<tr> +<td class="tdhang"></td> +<td class="tdhang"><i>Colours.</i></td> +<td class="tdhang"><i>Pr. Stones.</i></td> +<td class="tdhang"><i>Planets.</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="tdhang"></td> +<td class="tdhang">Or</td> +<td class="tdhang">Topaz</td> +<td class="tdhang">Sol</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="tdhang"></td> +<td class="tdhang">Argent</td> +<td class="tdhang">Pearl</td> +<td class="tdhang">Luna</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="tdhang"></td> +<td class="tdhang">Sable</td> +<td class="tdhang">Diamond</td> +<td class="tdhang">Saturn</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="tdhang"></td> +<td class="tdhang">Gules</td> +<td class="tdhang">Ruby</td> +<td class="tdhang">Mars</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="tdhang"></td> +<td class="tdhang">Azure</td> +<td class="tdhang">Sapphire</td> +<td class="tdhang">Jupiter</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="tdhang"></td> +<td class="tdhang">Vert</td> +<td class="tdhang">Emerald</td> +<td class="tdhang">Venus</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="tdhang"></td> +<td class="tdhang">Purpure</td> +<td class="tdhang">Amethyst</td> +<td class="tdhang">Mercury</td> +</tr> +</table> +</div> + <p class="right">C.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Baronets of Ireland</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 44.).</span></h4> + +<p>—The two following extracts +may throw some light upon the origin of the title of baronet. James I. +probably adopted this title, which he found to have been so long +existing in Ireland, for the new order of nobility he was about to +establish. And it should be remembered that the order of baronet was +instituted for the purpose of promoting the plantation of Ulster.</p> + +<p>The names mentioned in the second extract are probably those of the +baronets whom Spenser mentions as being, in existence in his time. There +was, thirty years ago, a "Baron of Galtrim;" perhaps there is still.</p> + + + <p class="blockquot"> E<span class="smcap lowercase">UDOX</span>: "You say well, for by the increase of Freeholders, their + numbers hereby will be greatly augmented; but how should it passe + through the higher house, which still must consiste all of + Irish?"</p> + + <p class="blockquot">I<span class="smcap lowercase">REN</span>: "Marry, that also may bee redressed by ensample of that + which I heard was done in the like case by King Edward III. (as I + remember), who being greatly bearded and crossed by the Lords of + the cleargie, they being there [<i>i. e.</i> in the Parliament of + <i>Ireland</i>] by reason of the Lords Abbots, and others, too many + and too strong for him, so as hee could not for their + frowardnesse +<a id="nesse165"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[165]</span> +order and reforme things as hee desired, was + advised to direct out his writts to certaine Gentlemen of the + best ability and trust, entitling them therein Barons, to serve + and sitt as Barons in the next Parlament. By which meanes hee had + so many Barons in his Parlament, as were able to weigh down the + Cleargie and their friends: the which Barons, they say, were not + afterwards Lords, but onely Baronets, as sundry of them doe yet + retayne the name."—Spenser's "View of the State of Ireland," in + the <i>Ancient Irish Histories</i>, Dublin Edition, 1809, pp. 223, + 224.</p> + + +<div class="poem"> +<div class="stanza"> <p class="i5"> "B<span class="smcap lowercase">ARONETS</span>.</p> + </div> + +<div class="stanza"> +<p> "Seint Leger, Baronet of Slemarge, meere Irish.</p> + <p>Den, Baronet of Por man ston, waxing Irish.</p> + <p> Fitz Gerald, Baronet of Burnchurch.</p> + <p> Welleslye, Baronet of Narraghe.</p> + <p class="i3"> [Ancestor of the Duke of Wellington.]</p> + <p> Husee, Baronet of Galtrim.</p> + <p>S. Michell, Baronet of Reban.</p> + <p> Marwarde, Baronet of Scryne.</p> + <p>Nangle, Baronet of Navan."</p> +<p class="author"> Campion's "Historie of Ireland," written in the yeare 1571, p. + 12. (In the <i>Ancient Irish Histories</i>, Dublin edition, 1809.)</p> +</div> +</div> + + <p class="right"> T. J.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Hopkins the Witchfinder</i></span> <span>(Vol. ii., pp. 392. 413.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Your +correspondents will find some "curious memoirs" of this person in the +<i>Anthologia Hibernica</i> for June, 1793, p. 424. The memoirs are +embellished with a plate "correctly copied from an extreme rare print in +the collection of J. Bindley, Esq."</p> + + + <p class="right"> R. H.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Plowden</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 58.).</span></h4> + +<p>—From Burke's <i>Landed Gentry</i>, 1846, under +"Plowden of Plowden" (<span class="smcap lowercase"><span class="smcap lowercase">A.D</span>.</span> 1194), it would appear that Edmund was of +Wansted, Hampshire, and ancestor of the Plowdens of Lassam, Hants, and +that he "was styled in his will, July 29, 1655, Sir Edmund, lord earl +palatine, governor, and captain general, of the province of New Albion." +I would suggest to your Transatlantic readers the interest that would be +derived from a compilation of surnames in the United States; and in +cases where it can be ascertained, the date of introduction, position of +first immigrant, ancestry, and descendants. The names and subsequent +history of those families who remained loyal during the American +Revolution, are worthy of record; most of whom have, I believe, +prospered in the world since the confiscation of their property.</p> + +<p>The names of the followers of William the Conqueror are often alluded +to; but the "comers over" at the conquest of Wales, Scotland, and +Ireland are but seldom thought of, though they lend to their +descendants' pedigree a degree of historical interest.</p> + + + <p class="right"> A. C.</p> + + +<h4><span><i>As lazy as Ludlam's Dog</i></span> <span>(Vol. i., pp. 382. 475.).</span></h4> + +<p>—This proverb is to +be found in Ray's first edition (1670), and is quoted in a little book +entitled <i>Scarronides, et cet.</i>, a burlesque on the second book of +Virgil's <i>neid</i>. neas, reposing on the "toro alto," is likened to +"Ludlam's curr, on truckle lolling;" whilst a marginal note says "'Tis a +proverb, Ludlam's dog lean'd his head against a wall when he went to +bark." Both here and in Ray the name is spelt <i>Ludl</i>a<i>m</i>.</p> + + + <p class="right">C<span class="smcap lowercase">RANMORE</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Pope and Flatman</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 132.).</span></h4> + +<p>—The piece quoted by M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">ARTON</span> +had long since been pointed out by Warton (<i>Essay on Pope</i>), who has +also collected many others which Pope <i>may</i> have known and made use of, +some which he <i>must</i>.</p> + +<p class="right"> V.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Spenser's Faerie Queene</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 133.).</span></h4> + +<p>—The explanation of the +stanza in question would occupy more space than I think you would spare +me. It will suffice to note that a very sufficient one will be found in +Todd's edition of <i>Spenser</i> (1803) in vol. iii., at the close of canto +ix. book ii.; and that the letter of Sir K. Digby is given at full +length, before the editor's own commentary and explanation, in that +place.</p> + + <p class="right">V.</p> + +<p class="left">Belgravia.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Bells in Churches</i></span> <span>(Vol. ii., p. 326.).</span></h4> + +<p>—In reply to the inquiry +whether there is still a law against the use of bells as a summons to +divine services, except in churches, which has not been answered, permit +me to quote the following sentences from a judgment of Lord Chief +Justice Campbell, as reported in the <i>Times</i> of August 14.</p> + + <p class="blockquot">"First, with regard to the right of using bells at all. By the + common law, churches of every denomination had a full right to + use bells, and it was a vulgar error to suppose that there was + any distinction at the present time in this respect. At the same + time, those bells might undoubtedly be made use of in such a + manner as to create a nuisance; and in that case a Protestant + church and a Roman Catholic one were equally liable."</p> + +<p>The case (Soltan <i>v.</i> De Weld) from the judgment in which the above +remarks are extracted was tried at the Croydon Assizes, and related to +the use of bells by a Romanist community in such a manner as was alleged +to be a nuisance.</p> + + <p class="right"> A<span class="smcap lowercase">RUN</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Proverb of James I.</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 85.).</span></h4> + +<p>—The meaning of this proverb +will be found in Jamieson's <i>Scottish Dictionary</i>, 4to. ed:—To "<i>cone</i>" +or "<i>cunne</i>" thanks, is "to give thanks; to express a sense of +obligation; to leave a sense of obligation."</p> + + <p class="right"> S. W<span class="smcap lowercase">MSON</span>.</p> + + + + + +<h2><span class="bla">Miscellaneous.</span></h2> + + +<h3><span>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</span></h3> + +<p>Many of our readers who take an interest in our Anglo-Saxon Language and +Literature are aware that an accomplished German scholar, Dr. Pauli, has +during +<a id="during166"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[166]</span> + a residence of considerable length in this country been +devoting his attention to those subjects; and we have just received some +of the fruits of his labours in a volume entitled <i>Knig lfred und +seine Stelle in der Geschichte Englands</i>. It is an interesting +contribution to a very important period in the history of this country; +and it is the more valuable from the use made in it of the labours of +our own distinguished Saxonists, Kemble and Thorpe.</p> + +<p>B<span class="smcap lowercase">OOKS</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED.</span>—<i>Letters on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Duties of the +Christian Religion</i>, by Olinthus Gregory. The words <i>Ninth Edition</i>, on +the title-page of this new volume, sufficiently attest the value of this +addition to Bohn's <i>Standard Library</i>.</p> + +<p><i>The Stranger in London, or Visitor's Companion to the Metropolis and +its Environs, with an historical and descriptive Sketch of the Great +Exhibition</i>, by Cyrus Redding. This Guide claims the merit of being "not +merely descriptive but pictorial;" and it does well, for its woodcuts +form the most valuable portion of the book.</p> + +<p><i>Address at the Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Geographical Society</i>, +by Captain W. H. Smyth, R.N., President, &c. This Address give a concise +yet most clear view of the progress of Geographical Discovery during the +preceding year; and is alike creditable to the learned and gallant +Captain and the Society over which he presides.</p> + +<p>We desire to direct the attention of our readers, more especially those +who are old enough to remember the first appearance the <i>The Literary +Gazette</i>, to the Testimonial which the friends of the Editor, Mr. +Jerdan, propose to present to that gentleman. The names of the +Committee, and a statement of the Subscriptions in aid of the object, +will be found in our advertising columns.</p> + +<p>The Memorial which we mentioned some time since as having been addressed +to the master of the Rolls, requesting "that persons who are merely +engaged in historical inquiry, antiquarian research, and other literary +pursuits connected therewith, should have permission granted them to +have access to the Public Records, with the Indices and Calendars, +without payment of Fees," has been very favourable responded to by Sir +John Romilly; and a meeting of the gentlemen by whom it was signed has +been held at the apartments of the Society of Antiquaries, when certain +resolutions were agreed to, acknowledging the obligations of antiquarian +literature to Sir John Romilly for the arrangements which he has at +present determined upon, and for the further increased facilities for +consulting the documents in question, which he has promised on the +completion of the new Record Office. The thanks of the Meeting were also +voted to Mr. Bruce, with whom the movement originated.</p> + +<p>Mr. C. Roach Smith has issued proposals for publishing by subscription +an Illustrated Catalogue of his Museum of Antiquities, composed +principally of remains of the Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Medival periods, +discovered in the bed of the Thames, and during excavations in London.</p> + +<p>C<span class="smcap lowercase">ATALOGUES</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.—William Nield's (46. Burlington Arcade) Catalogue +No. 6. of Very Cheap Books; W. Brown's (130. and 131. Old Street) List +of Theological Books selected from the Library of the late Rev. E. +Bickersteth.</p> + + + +<h3><span>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES<br /> +WANTED TO PURCHASE.</span></h3> + +<ul> + +<li> N<span class="smcap lowercase">ATURAL</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF THE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">RITISH</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">NTOMOSTRAC</span>, by W. Baird, M.D. (Ray Society's Publications.)</li> + +<li> Barrington's Edition of T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NGLO</span>-S<span class="smcap lowercase">AXON</span> V<span class="smcap lowercase">ERSION OF</span> O<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSIUS</span>, by Alfred the Great. 8vo. London, 1773. (An Imperfect Copy, containing only the Anglo-Saxon, from p. 1. to 242., would be sufficient.)</li> + +<li> B<span class="smcap lowercase">RITISH</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">SSAYISTS</span>, by Chalmers. 45 Vols. Johnson and Co. Vols. VI. VII. VIII. IX. and XXIII.</li> + +<li> K<span class="smcap lowercase">NIGHT'S</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ICTORIAL</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">HAKSPEARE</span>. Part XXV.</li> + +<li> B<span class="smcap lowercase">UDDEN'S</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">IFE OF</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">RCHBISHOP</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ORTON</span>, 1607.</li> + +<li> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMAS</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">YTE'S</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NCIENT</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ALLADS AND</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">ONGS</span>. 12mo. 1827.</li> + +<li> D<span class="smcap lowercase">ODWELL</span> (H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span>, M.A.), D<span class="smcap lowercase">ISCOURSE</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ROVING FROM</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">CRIPTURES THAT THE</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">OUL IS A</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">RINCIPLE</span> N<span class="smcap lowercase">ATURALLY</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ORTAL</span>, &c.</li> + +<li> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EFLECTIONS ON</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">URCHET'S</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">EMOIRS</span>; or, Remarks on his Account of Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Colonel Luke Lillingston, 1704.</li> + +<li> G<span class="smcap lowercase">ENTLEMAN'S</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">AGAZINE</span>. Vol. I. 1731.</li> + +<li> N<span class="smcap lowercase">EW</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">NGLAND</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">UDGED, NOT BY</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">AN'S BUT BY THE</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">PIRIT OF THE</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">ORD</span>, &c. By George Bishope. 1661. 4to. Wanted from p. 150. to the end.</li> + +<li> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EASON AND</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">UDGMENT</span>, O<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">PECIAL</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EMARQUES OF THE</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">IFE OF THE</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ENOWNED</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">ANDERSON, LATE</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">ORD</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ISHOP OF</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">INCOLN</span>. 1663. Sm. 4to. Wanted from p. 90. to the end.</li> + +<li> T<span class="smcap lowercase">RISTRAM</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">HANDY</span>. 12mo. Tenth Edition. Wanted Vol. VII.</li> + +<li> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ALLAY</span>, E<span class="smcap lowercase">SSAI SUR LES</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">GLISES</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">OMAINES ET</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">YZANTINES DU</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">UY DE</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">OME</span>. 1 Vol. folio. 51 Plates.</li> + +<li> A<span class="smcap lowercase">N</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">CCOUNT OF THE</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EMAINS OF THE</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ORSHIP OF</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">RIAPUS</span>, to which is added a Discourse thereon, as connected with the Mystic Theology of the Ancients. London, 1786. 4to. By R. Payne Knight.</li> + +<li> C<span class="smcap lowercase">H</span>. T<span class="smcap lowercase">HILLON'S</span> (professor of Halle) N<span class="smcap lowercase">OUVELLE</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLLECTION DES</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">PROCRYPHES</span>, A<span class="smcap lowercase">UGMENT</span>, &c., Leipsic, 1832.</li> + +<li> S<span class="smcap lowercase">OCIAL</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">TATICS</span>, by Herbert Spencer. 8vo.</li> + +<li> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">OURNAL OF</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">SYCHOLOGICAL</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">EDICINE</span>. The back numbers.</li> + +<li> E<span class="smcap lowercase">NCYCLOPDIA</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">RITANNICA</span>. The part of the 7th edition edited by Prof. Napier, containing the Art. M<span class="smcap lowercase">ORTALITY</span>.</li> + +<li> O<span class="smcap lowercase">BSERVATIONS ON THE</span> I<span class="smcap lowercase">NFLUENCE OF</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">LIMATE ON</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">EALTH AND</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ORTALITY</span>, by Arthur S. Thomson, M.D. (A Prize Thesis.)</li> + +<li> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPORT ON THE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ENGAL</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ILITARY</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">UND</span>, by F. G. P. Neison. Published in 1849.</li> + +<li> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HREE</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPORTS</span>, by Mr. Griffith Davies, Actuary to the <i>Guardian</i>, viz.:</li> + +<li class="i3"> Report on the Bombay Civil Fund, published 1836.</li> + +<li class="i3"> —— —— —— Bengal Medical Retiring Fund, published 1839.</li> + +<li class="i3"> —— —— —— Bengal Military Fund, published 1844.</li> + +<li> O<span class="smcap lowercase">BSERVATIONS ON THE</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ORTALITY AND</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">HYSICAL</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ANAGEMENT OF</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">HILDREN</span>, by Mr. Roberton, Surgeon, London, 1827.</li> + +</ul> + +<p class="indh6"> +<span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage +free</i>, to be sent to M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. +Fleet Street.</p> + + + + + +<h3><span class="bla">Notices to Correspondents.</span></h3> + +<p><i>To account for the non-appearance of several letters which have been +received, and to prevent others of a like nature from being sent, the +Editor begs to state that as it is obviously impossible that well-known +controverted points in religion, politics, science &c., can be +adequately discussed in a work like</i> + "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>," +<i> we cannot +insert letters which go directly to provoke the discussion of such +points. Correspondents from whom they are received, we can only refer to +the notorious sources of information; inquirers to whom these are +unknown, are probably not in a state to profit by any dispute which they +might engender.</i></p> + +<p>J. B. <i>or</i> J. O. (Birmingham). <i>The Editor believes that the portraits +respecting which our correspondent inquires are mere impostures unworthy +of notice.</i></p> + +<p>S. P. H. T. <i>is thanked for his kind reminder. The subject has not been +lost sight of; but postponed partly from the pressure of correspondence, +and the consequent want of room—partly from want of time. We hope +however to take some steps in it before the present volume is +completed.</i></p> + +<p>T. L<span class="smcap lowercase">AWRENCE</span>. <i>The puzzling epitaph forwarded by our correspondent has +already been recorded and explained in</i> "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>." <i>See</i> Vol. +II., pp. 311. 346.</p> + +<p>E. H. Y. <i>The Query was inserted</i> Vol. iii., p. 351.; <i>and the only +satisfactory reply received is one not calculated for publication</i>, +<a id="public167"></a> + <span class="pagenum">[167]</span> + <i>but shall be forwarded to our correspondent, if he will kindly +say how a letter may be addressed to him.</i></p> + +<p>F. R. R.<i>'s Query respecting the "Hanap Cup" has been anticipated in +our</i> 1st Vol. p. 477., <i>and replied to at</i> p. 492.</p> + +<p>R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.—<i>Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor—Thread the +Needle—Pope and Flatman—Spenser's Faerie Queene—Men may live +Fools—Separation of Sexes in Church—Bensleys of Norwich—Cowper or +Cooper—House of Yvery—Spon—A Saxon Bell-house—The late William +Hone—Thistle of Scotland—Yankee, &c. (from R.H.)—John Bodley—Double +Names—Aulus Gehius' Description of a Dimple—Meaning of Rack—Dogmatism +and Puppyism—Borough-English—Royal Library—Was Milton an Anglo-Saxon +Scholar?—Heronsewe—Decking Churches at Christmas—Threadneedle +Street—Murderers buried in Cross Roads—Pendulum Demonstration of the +Earth's Rotation—The Tradescants—Ten Commandments—George +Steevens—Marriage of Bishops—Leman Baronetcy—Three Estates of the +Realm—Nelson's Coat—Theory of the Earth's Form—Agla—Curious Fact in +Natural History, &c., (from St. Lucia).</i></p> + +<p><i>Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestion of</i> T. E. H., +<i>will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them.</i></p> + +<p>V<span class="smcap lowercase">OLS</span>. I., II., <i>and</i> III., <i>with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price</i> 9<i>s.</i> 6<i>d. each, neatly bound in cloth.</i></p> + +<p>N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> <i>is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is</i> 10<i>s.</i> 2<i>d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favour of our Publisher</i>, M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, 186. Fleet +Street; <i>to whose care all communications for the Editor should be +addressed.</i></p> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center1">COMMITTEE FOR THE REPAIR OF THE</p> + +<p class="center2">TOMB OF GEOFFREY CHAUCER.</p> + +<ul> +<li> JOHN BRUCE, Esq., Treas. S.A.</li> +<li> J. PAYNE COLLIER, Esq., V.P.S.A.</li> +<li> PETER CUNNINGHAM, Esq., F.S.A.</li> +<li> WILLIAM RICHARD DRAKE, Esq., F.S.A.</li> +<li> THOMAS W. KING, Esq., F.S.A.</li> +<li> SIR FREDERICK MADDEN, K. II.</li> +<li> JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A.</li> +<li> HENRY SHAW, Esq., F.S.A.</li> +<li> SAMUEL SHEPHERD, Esq., F.S.A.</li> +<li> WILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq., F.S.A.</li> +</ul> + +<p>The Tomb of Geoffrey Chaucer in Westminster Abbey is fast mouldering +into irretrievable decay. A sum on One Hundred pounds will effect a +perfect repair. The Committee have not thought it right to fix any limit +to the contribution; they themselves have opened the list with a +subscription from each of them of Five Shillings; but they will be ready +to receive any amount, more or less, which those who value poetry and +honour Chaucer may be kind enough to remit to them.</p> + +<p>Subscriptions have been received from the Earls of Carlisle, Ellesmere, +and Shaftesbury, Viscounts Strangford and Mahon, Pres. Soc. Antiq., the +Lords Braybrooke and Londesborough, and many other noblemen and +gentlemen.</p> + +<p>Subscriptions are received by all the members of the Committee, and at +the Union Bank, Pall Mall East. Post-office orders may be made payable +at the Charing Cross Office, to William Richard Drake, Esq., the +Treasurer, 46. Parliament Street, or William J. Thomas, Esq., Hon. Sec., +25. Holy-well Street, Millbank.</p> +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> +<p class="noindent larger cap">LONDON HOMŒOPATHIC HOSPITAL,</p> + +<p class="center">32. Golden Square.</p> + +<ul class="center"> +<li> Patroness.—H.R.H. the D<span class="smcap lowercase">UCHESS OF</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">AMBRIDGE</span>.</li> +<li> Vice-Patron.—His Grace the D<span class="smcap lowercase">UKE OF</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">EAUFORT</span>, K.G.</li> +<li> President.—F.M. the M<span class="smcap lowercase">ARQUIS OF</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NGLESEY</span>, K.G., G.C.B.</li> +<li> Vice-President.—His Grace the A<span class="smcap lowercase">RCHBISHOP OF</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">UBLIN</span>.</li> +<li> Treasurer.—John Dean Paul, Esq., 217. Strand.</li> +</ul> + + +<p>Open daily at 1 o'clock for the reception of out-patients without +letters of recommendation. In-patients admitted every Tuesday, at 3 +o'clock.</p> + +<p>Subscriptions are earnestly solicited in aid of the funds of the +Charity, and will be thankfully received by the Treasurer; the bankers, +Messrs. Strahan and Co., Temple Bar; Messrs. Prescott and Co., +Threadneedle Street; and by</p> + +<p class="i11"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ALPH</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">UCHAN</span>, Honorary Secretary.</p> + +<p> 32. Golden Square.</p> +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> +<p class="center2">JERDAN TESTIMONIAL.</p> + + <p class="i11"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">OYAL</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">OCIETY OF</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">ITERATURE</span>,</p> + <p class="i11"> <i>No. 4. St. Martin's Place.</i></p> + + <p class="i5">COMMITTEE.</p> + + +<ul> + +<li> Rt. Hon. Lord Brougham.</li> +<li> Rt. Hon. the Lord Chief Baron.</li> +<li> Rt. Hon. Lord Warren de Tabley.</li> +<li> Rt. Hon. H. Tuffnell, M.P.</li> +<li> Lord Lindsay.</li> +<li> Hon. Francis Scott, M.P.</li> +<li> Sir E. L. Bulwer-Lytton, Bart.</li> +<li> Sir R. I. Murchison, F.R.S.</li> +<li> Sir Peter Laurie, Kt., Alderman.</li> +<li> W. Francis Ainsworth, Esq.</li> +<li> J. Arden, Esq. F.S.A., <i>Treas.</i></li> +<li> John Barrow, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A.</li> +<li> Charles Barry, Esq., R.A.</li> +<li> Wm. Beattie, M.D.</li> +<li> Robert Bell, Esq.</li> +<li> Francis Bennoch, Esq.</li> +<li> Joshua W. Butterworth, Esq.</li> +<li> B. Bond Cabbell, Esq., M.P.</li> +<li> Joseph Cauvin, Esq.</li> +<li> R. Chambers, Esq., Edinburgh.</li> +<li> James Colquhoun, Esq.</li> +<li> Patrick Colquhoun, Esq., D.C.L.</li> +<li> Walter Coulson, Esq.</li> +<li> Rev. George Croly, D.D.</li> +<li> George Cruikshank, Esq.</li> +<li> Peter Cunningham, Esq., F.S.A.</li> +<li> Rev. John Davis.</li> +<li> J.C. Denham, Esq.</li> +<li> Charles Dickens, Esq.</li> +<li> Henry Drummond, Esq., M.P.</li> +<li> Joseph Durham, Esq.</li> +<li> Professor Edward Forbes, F.R.S.</li> +<li> Alfred Forrester, Esq.</li> +<li> John Forster, Esq.</li> +<li> Thomas Gaspey, Esq.</li> +<li> Geo. Godwin, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A.</li> +<li> Thomas Grissell, Esq., F.S.A.</li> +<li> Wm. Grove, Esq., V.P., F.R.S.</li> +<li> S. Carter Hall, Esq., F.S.A.</li> +<li> Henry Haslam, Esq., F.R.S.</li> +<li> J. O. Halliwell, Esq., F.R.S.</li> +<li> Charles Hill, Esq.</li> +<li> Leigh Hunt, Esq.</li> +<li> Thomas Hunt, Esq.</li> +<li> Douglas Jerrold, Esq.</li> +<li> J. H. Jesse, Esq.</li> +<li> John Laurie, Esq.</li> +<li> P. Northall Laurie, Esq.</li> +<li> John Gibson Lockhart, Esq.</li> +<li> Samuel Lover, Esq.</li> +<li> Chevalier Isidore de Lwenstern.</li> +<li> Charles Mackay, LL.D.</li> +<li> W. Mackinnon, Esq., M.P.</li> +<li> D. Maclise, Esq., R.A.</li> +<li> R. Monckton Milnes., Esq., M.P.</li> +<li> William C. Macready, Esq.</li> +<li> Francis Mills, Esq.</li> +<li> F. G. Moon, Esq., Alderman.</li> +<li> James Prior, Esq., M.D.</li> +<li> B. W. Procter, Esq.</li> +<li> Frederick Salmon, Esq.</li> +<li> J. Shillinglaw, Esq., <i>Hon. Sec.</i></li> +<li> C. Roach Smith, Esq., F.S.A.</li> +<li> Clarkson Stanfield, Esq., R.A.</li> +<li> John Stuart, Esq., M.P.</li> +<li> Charles Swain, Esq.</li> +<li> Lieut.-Col. Sykes, F.R.S., &c.</li> +<li> Captain Smyth, R.N., F.R.S.</li> +<li> J. G. Teed, Esq., Q.C.</li> +<li> W. M. Thackeray, Esq.</li> +<li> T. Wright, Esq., M.A., <i>Hon. Sec.</i></li> +</ul> + + +<p>As a public acknowledgment of the literary labours of M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. J<span class="smcap lowercase">ERDAN</span>, +animating to many, and instructive to all, since the commencement of the +<i>Literary Gazette</i> in 1817 to the close of last year, and of the value +of his services to Literature, Science, and the Fine and Useful Arts, a +Subscription has been opened under the auspices of the above Committee, +and the following already received and announced:—</p> + + +<table summary="Jerdan subscription"> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft"> </td><td class="tdright"> </td><td class="tdright"><i>s.</i></td><td class="tdright"><i>d.</i></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Lord Chief Baron</td><td class="tdright">26</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Lady Pollock</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Lord Willoughby de Eresby</td><td class="tdright">50</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Lord Warren de Tabley</td><td class="tdright">20</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Lord Londesborough</td><td class="tdright">10</td><td class="tdright">10</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Messrs. Longmans</td><td class="tdright">50</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">S. Carter Hall, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">50</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">John Murray, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">25</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Sir E. Bulwer Lytton</td><td class="tdright">20</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">John Dickinson, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">21</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Lord Colborne</td><td class="tdright">10</td><td class="tdright">10</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">James Colquhoun, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Sir R. I. Murchison</td><td class="tdright">10</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Sir Peter Laurie</td><td class="tdright">10</td><td class="tdright">10</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Northall Laurie, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">W. Cubitt, Esq., M.P.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Charles Hill, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Henry Hallam, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">10</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">J. C. D.</td><td class="tdright">3</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">John Laurie, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Robert Ferguson, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Dr. Beattie</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Wm. Thackeray, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">3</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Robert Chambers, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">3</td><td class="tdright">3</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">J. O. Halliwell, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">2</td><td class="tdright">2</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Thomas Hunt, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">10</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">E. Foss, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">3</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Francis Mills, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Henry Foss, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">3</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">James Willes, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">T. Stewardson, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Capt. Sir James C. Ross</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Lady Ross</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Rev. J. M. Traherne</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">J. C. Denham, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">3</td><td class="tdright">3</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">J. Prior, Esq., M.D.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">George Godwin, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">2</td><td class="tdright">2</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Daniel Ball, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">2</td><td class="tdright">2</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Robert Gray, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">2</td><td class="tdright">2</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">The Lord Bishop of Winchester</td><td class="tdright">10</td><td class="tdright">10</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright"> </td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">D. Nicholl, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Beriah Botfield, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">W. H. Fox Talbot, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">G. H. Virtue, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">1</td><td class="tdright">1</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Thomas Cubitt, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">R. Stephenson, Esq., M.P.</td><td class="tdright">4</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Dr. Mackay</td><td class="tdright">2</td><td class="tdright">2</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">G. Cruikshank, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">2</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">David Roberts, Esq., R.A.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Dr. P. Colquhoun</td><td class="tdright">3</td><td class="tdright">3</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">J. E. Sanderson, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">J. W. Butterworth, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">2</td><td class="tdright">2</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">B. B. Cabbell, Esq., M.P.</td><td class="tdright">10</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Walter Coulson, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">T. Elde Darby, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">2</td><td class="tdright">2</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Joseph Durham, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">3</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">John Barrow, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">10</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Dr. Croly</td><td class="tdright">2</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Capt. J. Mangles, R.N.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">R. Oakley, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">1</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">George Grote, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">William Tooke, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">10</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Mrs. Bray</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Colonel Hodgson</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Lord Lindsay</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">B. W. Procter, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">W. F. Ainsworth, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">3</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">T. Wright, Esq., M.A.</td><td class="tdright">3</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Peter Cunningham, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">3</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Thomas Grissell, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">10</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Joseph Arden, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">John Forster, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">R. M. Milnes, Esq., M.P.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">J. R. Taylor, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">1</td><td class="tdright">1</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">A. B. Richards, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">1</td><td class="tdright">1</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Joseph Cauvin, Esq.</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">5</td><td class="tdright">0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tdleft"></td><td class="tdleft">Dr. J. 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By the Rev. W. WILSON, D.D., Canon of Winchester. Demy 4to. +2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i>, cloth.</p> + +<p> N.B.—An Index is added of the rendering of every Hebrew Word the + Old Testament.</p> + + <p class="center"> London: WERTHEIM & MACINTOSH, 24. Paternoster Row, + and of all Booksellers.</p> +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap">BOHN'S CLASSICAL CATALOGUE, comprising all the principal editions of the +Greek and Latin Classics, Translations and Commentaries, with prices +annexed; royal 8vo., half morocco, price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>—Allowed to +Purchasers.</p> + +<p class="center"> HENRY G. BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.</p> +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + <p class="center"> Just published,</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">HOME EDUCATION, edited by ISAAC TAYLOR, a new and revised edition. Post +8vo., cloth. Price 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p class="center"> HENRY G. 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BOHN, York Street, Covent Garden.</p> +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> +<p class="center">NEW NUMBER OF MR. ARNOLD'S THEOLOGICAL CRITIC.</p> + +<p class="center">Now ready, price 4<i>s.</i>, by post 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, the Third Number of</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">THE THEOLOGICAL CRITIC; a Quarterly Journal. Edited by the Rev. THOS. +KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of Trinity +College, Cambridge.</p> + + <p> This Journal embraces Theology in its widest acceptation, and + several articles of each Number are devoted to Biblical + Criticism.</p> + + <p>Contents: 1. Scipio de Ricci; 2. The Ecclesiastical and Religious + Condition of Geneva; 3. The Beast from the Sea; 4. De + Ecclesiastic Britonum Scotorumque Histori fontibus disseruit + Carolus Gulielmus Schll; 5. Galatians iii. iv.; 6. On the + Authority of Plato and Aristotle in the Middle Ages; 7. Hebrew + Metrology; 8. John vi. 51-58.; 9. "Things New and Old;" Books + received; Contents of Theological Journals.</p> + + <p class="center"> RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;</p> + + <p class="center"> Of whom may be had, THE FIRST AND SECOND NUMBERS, + price 4<i>s.</i> each.</p> +</div> + + + + +<p class="indh"> Printed by T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMAS</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">LARK</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">HAW</span>, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. + 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of + London; and published by G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span> of No. 186 Fleet Street, in + the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, a No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, August + 30. 1851.</p> + + + +<div class="tnbox"> +<p>Transcriber's Note: Original spelling varieties have not been standardized.</p> +<p><a id="pageslist1"></a><a title="Return to top" href="#was_added1"> Pages + in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV</a> </p> + +<pre> + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ + +</pre> + </div> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 96, +August 30, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, AUGUST 30, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 38405-h.htm or 38405-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/4/0/38405/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 96, August 30, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: December 24, 2011 [EBook #38405] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, AUGUST 30, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been +standardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. A +list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the +end.] + + + + +NOTES and QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--No. 96. SATURDAY, AUGUST 30. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + The Caxton Memorial and Chaucer's Monument 145 + + NOTES:-- + + Collar of SS., by Edward Foss 147 + + Printing 148 + + Folk Lore:--Bible Divination in Suffolk--Mode of + discovering Bodies of the Drowned--Somersetshire Rhyme 148 + + Dictionary of Hackneyed Quotations 149 + + Minor Notes:--Cocker's Arithmetic--The Duke of + Normandy--Anachronisms and Errors of Painters--The Ring + Finger--The Od Force--New Costume for Ladies 149 + + QUERIES:-- + + Judges styled Reverend, &c. 151 + + Minor Queries:--Frederick Egmont; Peter (Egmont?)--Unlucky + for Pregnant Women to take on Oath--Cockroach--Felton--Date + of a Charter--Thomas Tusser the "Husbandman"--Godfrey + Higgins' Works--Noctes Templariae--Commissioners on Officers + of Justice in England--Marcus AElius Antoninus--Derivation + of Pic-nic--Sir Thomas More's Knighthood--Portrait of + Mandeville--Early History of Dingle--Language of Ancient + Egypt--Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe--Names first given to + Parishes--German Testament--The Man of Law--The + Termination "Ship"--Nullus and Nemo--The noblest Object + of the Work of Art--Poulster 151 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Rev. Caesar de Missy--F. Beaumont + and Jeremy Taylor--"Carve out Dials"--Log Book--Lord + Clydesdale--"Time is the Stuff of which Life is + made"--"Yet forty Days"--The Empress Helena 153 + + REPLIES:-- + + Royal Library 154 + + The "Eisell" Controversy 155 + + Lord Mayor not a Privy Councillor 157 + + "House of Yvery" 158 + + On "Rack" in the Tempest 158 + + Richard Rolle of Hampole 159 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Lady Flora Hastings' + Bequest--"The Right divine of Kings to govern + wrong"--Fairlight Church--Dogmatism and Puppyism--Was + Stella Swift's Sister?--Charles Lamb's Epitaph--Meaning of + Carnaby--Scandinavian Mythology, &c. 160 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 165 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 166 + + Notices to Correspondents 166 + + Advertisements 167 + + + + +THE CAXTON MEMORIAL AND CHAUCER'S MONUMENT. + + The result of the appeals which have recently been made to the + sympathies of the present age for the purpose of erecting a + Memorial to our first Printer, and of restoring the crumbling tomb + of one of our earliest and greatest Poets, has gone near to prove + that the admirers of Caxton and Chaucer are disposed to yield to + the objects of their hero-worship little more than lip service. In + short, the plan for the Caxton Memorial, and that for the + restoration of Chaucer's Monument, have well nigh failed. + + The projectors of the former had, indeed, in the necessity of + settling what the Caxton Memorial should be, to encounter, at the + very outset of their undertaking, one difficulty from which the + Chaucer Committee was free; and the uncertainty whether it should + assume the form of the symbolical "lamp and fountain" so + poetically suggested by the Dean of St. Paul's, or the ideal + cast-iron statue of the Coalbrook Dale Company, may have had a + sinister effect upon the Subscription List. + + Between the suggestive symbol and the fancy portrait there would + seem to be little room for hesitation, since the former would + merely veil a truth, while the latter would perpetuate a + falsehood. But our readers have had before them a third, and, as + it seems to us, a far more reasonable proposal, in that made by + MR. BOLTON CORNEY for a collective impression of Caxton's original + compositions: and we cannot but think that if that gentleman will + take the trouble to enter into the necessary details as to the + extent of such compositions, and the expense of transcribing and + printing them, his scheme may yet be realised, and that too to the + satisfaction of all the subscribers to the Caxton Memorial. The + following communication indicates the favour with which MR. + CORNEY'S proposal will probably be received by the followers of + Caxton's art in this country. + +I have just read with great pleasure the article on "A Caxton Memorial +suggested" in your Number for the 19th of July. I was particularly +pleased with the "_proposed conditions_;" and as an humble follower of +the art of which Caxton stands at the head, and as an enthusiastic +admirer of that great and talented, and learned printer, I should feel +great pleasure in becoming a subscriber, should anything of the kind be +undertaken; and have no doubt but that many,--aye, as many as might be +required to complete the subscription list, might be found among the +printers of this country, who would feel proud to subscribe to such a +"Memorial." If anything of the kind should be undertaken, the projectors +might depend upon me becoming a subscriber. + + HENRY RYLETT, Printer. + + Horncastle, Aug. 18. 1851. + + The following letter, on the other hand, from a correspondent + whose smallest suggestion deserves, as it will be sure to receive, + the respectful attention of all who have the pleasure of knowing + his high personal character and great acquirements, although + pointing at what might be a fitting Memorial of one of the + greatest of the Worthies of Westminster, clearly indicates that if + MR. CORNEY'S scheme can be carried out it will have the benefit of + the writer's encouragement and support: + +MR. BOLTON CORNEY'S letter is entitled to much attention. It is +satisfactory to learn that the original design has been abandoned. The +fountain and the illumination might be a very pretty idea, but it would +have sorely puzzled some of our countrymen to connect that memorial in +their minds with the name and services of the first English printer. + +Might not the funds that were raised be advantageously employed in +founding a Caxton scholarship at Westminster School; or in the building +or enlarging some school bearing Caxton's name, connected with +Westminster? The spiritual wants of that city are great. + +If the statue be raised, which should not present a _bona fide_ +resemblance to our celebrated printer, it would be worse than +valueless--something like an imposture and it would have as little +connexion with Caxton as the statue in St. Peter's bears to the great +Apostle, though called by his name. + +MR. CORNEY'S proposal, of giving an impression of Caxton's original +compositions, would unquestionably be his most enduring and glorious +monument. These reprints would be dear, not only to the bibliographer, +but to the philologist and men of letters generally. But the work would +be an expensive one, and the editors should be far more liberally +recompensed than by merely receiving a limited number of copies. As the +subscription would probably be very limited, the work should be +undertaken by the nation, and not by individuals; still, the funds +already raised, if not otherwise expended for educational purposes, as +before suggested, would serve as the foundation for accomplishing MR. +CORNEY'S excellent suggestion. + + J. H. M. + + Our present purpose, however, is to call attention to a hint + thrown out not only in the following Note addressed to ourselves + (which, be it observed, has been in type for several weeks), but + also in the pages of our learned and able contemporary the + GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE, in an article from which we extract the most + important passage, namely, that in the event of the failure of the + projected Caxton Memorial, the funds subscribed might with + propriety and good effect be applied (the consent of the + subscribers being of course first obtained) to an object with + which Caxton himself would so surely have sympathised, namely, the + restoration of the tomb of Geoffrey Chaucer: + +_Chaucer and Caxton._--"Not half" of the required 100_l._ "has yet been +subscribed" for the restoration of Chaucer's monument. Chaucer was an +especial favourite of Caxton; and as the first English printer seems for +awhile destined to remain without "light and fountain," as once upon a +time suggested by Dr. Milman, treasurer of the Caxton fund, possibly the +subscribers to that fund would not object to the transmission of the sum +required by the old monument of the poet, from the no monument of the +printer? Will the Dean of St. Paul's ask for suffrages on the matter? + + Q. + + After alluding to the various proposals for the Caxton Memorial, + and the correspondence between MR. BOLTON CORNEY and MR. BERIAH + BOTFIELD in "NOTES AND QUERIES," Sylvanus Urban proceeds: + +"But the discussion will do good. If neither proposal can be carried +out, we shall probably have a better suggestion than either. The money +in hand is said to be _far short_ of the sum necessary to erect a statue +or to print the works; if so, why not repair Chaucer's tomb with it? +Nothing would be more agreeable to Caxton himself. He not only printed +Chaucer's works, and re-imprinted them merely to get rid of errors; but, +feeling that the great poet 'ought eternally to be remembered' in the +place where he lies buried, he hung up an epitaph to his memory over +that tomb which is now mouldering to decay. + + "'Post obitum Caxton voluit te vivere, cura + Willelmi, Chaucer clare poeta, tui, + Nam tua, non solum, compressit opuscula formis, + Has quoque sed laudes jussit hic esse tuas.' + +"The epitaph, touching evidence of Caxton's affection for the poet, has +disappeared. In a few years the tomb itself will have submitted to +inevitable fate. What better mode of keeping alive the memory of both +Chaucer and Caxton, or of doing honour to the pious printer, than by +showing that even after the lapse of centuries his wishes for the +preservation of Chaucer's memory in that place are not forgotten? If the +fund is more than sufficient for the purpose, the surplus might be +invested on trust to perform the wish of Caxton, by keeping Chaucer's +monument in repair for ever."--_Gentleman's Magazine_, August, p. 167. + + Here we leave the matter for the present not, however, without the + hope that the present age will do honour to the memories of two + of our Illustrious Dead, and that few months will witness both a + Caxton Memorial in the shape of a collective edition of his + original writings, and the Restoration of the Monument of the + Father of English Poetry. + + + + +Notes. + + +COLLAR OF SS. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 89. 475.) + +No less than nine long months have elapsed since you adopted my +suggestion of limiting your columns, on the disputed question relative +to the collar of SS., to a record of the names of those persons who, +either on the monumental effigies or brasses, or in their portraits or +otherwise, are represented as wearing that ornament; together with a +short statement of the position held by each of these individuals in the +court of the then reigning monarch, seeming to warrant the assumption. +How is it that the invitation has not produced more than a single +response? Is it that the combatants are more fond of discussing the +probabilities of a disputed point, than of seeking for facts to aid in +its illustration? I hope that this is not so, in an age that prides +itself in its antiquarian and historical investigations; and I trust +that, now the dismissal of the parliament has relieved many from onerous +duties, your pages may benefit, not only on this but on other important +subjects, by the vacational leisure of your learned contributors. + +That I may not myself be chargeable with a continuance of the silence of +which I complain, I now offer to you no less than eleven of the earliest +names, principally taken from Boutell's _Monumental Brasses_, but some +suggested in your own pages, on whose monuments or otherwise the collar +occurs. To most of these I have added a few particulars seeming to +warrant the assumption; and I doubt not that some of your correspondents +will supply you with similar hints as to those of whom I have as yet +been unable to trace anything applicable to the subject of enquiry. + +1. The first of these is in 1382, seventeen years before the accession +of Henry IV. It appears on the brass of Sir Thomas Burton, in Little +Castreton Church, in Rutlandshire. This knight, we find, received +letters of protection on accompanying the Duke of Lancaster to France in +1369, when Edward III. revived his claim to that kingdom.[1] Being thus +one of the retainers of the duke, the assumption of his collar of livery +may be at once accounted for. + + [Footnote 1: N. Foedera, iii. 870.] + +2. The next that we have is on the monument of John Gower in the church +of St. Saviour, Southwark. The poet died in 1402, 4 Henry IV. It is more +than doubtful whether he was a knight, and the only ground that I can +suggest for his being represented with the collar of SS. is, that he was +in some manner, perhaps as the court poet, attached to the household of +the king. Of his transferred devotion to Henry IV. we have sufficient +evidence in the revision of his _Confessio Amantis_, from which he +excluded all that he had previously said in praise of his patron Richard +II. + +3. Sir Thomas Massingberd died in 1406, and on his monument in Gunby +Church in Lincolnshire, both he and his lady are represented with +collars of SS. Why, I have still to seek. + +4. In 1407 there is a similar instance of a knight and his lady being so +ornamented. These are Sir William and Lady Bagot, whose monument is in +Baginton Chruch, Warwickshire. Boutell says that he was the first who +received this decoration from the king. Be this as it may, the Patent +Rolls contain sufficient to account for his and his wife's assuming King +Henry's livery from gratitude for the restoration of his land, which he +had forfeited as an adherent to Richard II.[2] + + [Footnote 2: Cal. Rot. Pat. 236. 243.] + +5. Then follows Sir John Drayton, whose monument, dated in 1411, is in +Dorchester Church, Oxfordshire. It may be presumed that he was in the +king's household; as in the beginning of the reign of Richard II. he was +keeper of the royal swans; and early in that of Henry IV., was serjeant +of the king's pavilions and tents. Thomas Drayton, who was made Assayer +of the Mint in the year of Sir John's death[3], was probably his son. + + [Footnote 3: Cal. Rot. Pat. 196. 259.; Devon's Issue Roll, 286.] + +6. In the following year, 1412, we have the collar of SS. represented on +the brass of Sir Thomas Swynborne in Little Horkeley Church, Essex. Two +or three years before, and perhaps at the time of his death, the knight +held the offices of Mayor of Bordeaux, and of the king's lieutenant in +those parts. + +The last five of these are in the reign of Henry IV. In the reign of +Henry V., I am not aware of any examples; but in that of Henry VI., we +find five other instances. + +7. In Trotton Church, Sussex, is the monument of Thomas Lord Camoys, who +died in 1424, and of his wife; both of whom are distinguished by the +collar. He was a Knight of the Garter, and commanded the left wing of +the English army at the battle of Agincourt. + +8. A monument, supposed to be that of Sir John Segrave, dated in 1425, +occurs in Dorchester Church, Oxfordshire: of whom I can state nothing. + +9. On the brass of John Leventhorpe, Esq., in the church of +Sawbridgeworth, in Hertfordshire, the collar is also to be found. He +died in 1433, and was one of the executors named in the will of King +Henry IV.[4] + + [Footnote 4: Devon's Issue Roll, 334.] + +10. The monument in Yatton Church, Somersetshire, representing a judge +in his robes, is traditionally ascribed to Sir Richard Newton, who died +Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in 1449. This is, I believe, the first +example of a judge being represented with the collar of SS. + +11. The silver collars of the king's livery bequeathed by the will of +John Baret of Bury, may be presumed, although he did not die till after +the accession of Edward IV., to be of the livery of Henry VI.; as he is +not only represented on his tomb, which he had erected during Henry's +reign, with the collar of SS.; but the chantry, also built by him, is +profusely ornamented with the same collar, enclosing his monogram J. B. +He probably received the privilege of wearing it during Henry's visit to +St. Edmondsbury in 1433.[5] + + [Footnote 5: Bury Wills, Camden Soc. 15-14. 233.] + +I shall be glad to see a continuation of this list carried on through +subsequent reigns, since it is only by the multiplication of examples +that we shall be enabled to form a more correct conclusion on the +various questions connected with this interesting subject. + +Will one of your correspondents kindly inform me where it appears that +Richard II. ever wore the collar of SS.? + + EDWARD FOSS. + + +PRINTING. + +This art cannot be assigned to any single year, but must rather be +referred to a _decennium_; and the one in which we now are (1851--1860), +is certainly the first decennium of the fifth century of the existence +of the art. If anything were proposed in the way of celebration of this +_anni_versary, probably the year 1855 would be chosen, not only as the +year which touches the middle of the decennium, but as being very +probably the year in which the printing of the Bible was completed. We +have then a year or two to consider in what manner the spirit which +anniversaries usually call up shall be turned to account. The following +will probably be suggested. + +_A feed._ If we could call down Fust and Gutenberg to witness that +within twelve hours after dessert and commonplaces are finished, an +account of the dinner, as long as three epistles of St. Paul, would be +about the world in something like a hundred thousand copies, such a +celebration would have a strong point of interest about it. + +_A monument in sculpture._ That is to say, a lame subscription, a +committee, five-and-twenty abusive paragraphs before the thing is done, +one more when, ten years after, it is completed, and a short notice in +the handbooks of London in all time to come. + +If these two modes are abandoned, many others would be proposed. Mine +would be, a subscription to defray the expense of publishing, on a large +scale, a book of fac-similes of early typography, to be sold at a cheap +rate, with such prefatory matter as would form an accurate popular +history of printing from 1450 to 1550. The great interest with which I +saw plain working men looking at the treasures now exhibited in glass +cases at the British Museum, made me think of this. + +Reference is frequently made upon the origin of printing, to the +_fasciculus temporum_, or _Cologne Chronicle_. In one place I find a +citation in support of the Gutenberg Bible having been commenced in +1450; in another citation it is only affirmed that printing was first +done in that year. The only edition I have the means of consulting at +this moment is that of Ratdolt, 1484. And here I find nothing about +printing except that, of the year 1457 and thereabouts, it is said that + + "Artifices mira celeritate subtiliores solito fiunt. Et + impressores librorum multiplicant in terra." + +In the preface Ratdolt says that he had printed the _fasciculus_ three +times already, of which Hain mentions two. He says, moreover, that this +fourth (Venice) edition was _cura et opera diligentiori_. Did Ratdolt, +after inquiry, abandon the more specific account above cited, and +content himself with the above sentence, as expressing all that could be +verified; or, as I have sometimes supposed, do _different books_ +circulate under the title of _fasciculus temporum_? Be this as it may, +Ratdolt expressly refers to the great impulse which the mechanical arts +in general received just about the time when printing became common. Now +we may hope the same thing of the decennium on which we are entering, +the beginning of which is made conspicuous by the great forcing-house of +art, which has not yet got the name it is to keep. + + M. + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Bible divination in Suffolk._--In Suffolk it is a practice on New +Year's Eve to open a Bible at midnight, and the passage upon which they +stick a pin will be the luck (good or bad) that attends them the +following year. + + R. J. S. + +_Mode of Discovering the Bodies of the Drowned._--What must we think of +the following, transcribed from the _Gentleman's Mag._, vol. xxxvii. p. +189.? Can such things be? + + "WEDNESDAY, APRIL 8, 1767. + + "An inquisition was taken at _Newbery_, _Berks_, on the body of a + child near two years old, who fell into the river _Kennet_, and + was drowned. The jury brought in their verdict _accidental death_. + The body was discovered by a very singular experiment, which was + as follows:--After diligent search had been made in the river for + the child, to no purpose, a two-penny loaf, with a quantity of + quicksilver put into it, was set floating from the place where the + child it was supposed had fallen in, which steered its course down + the river upwards of half a mile, before a great number of + spectators, when the body happening to lay on the contrary side of + the river, the loaf suddenly tacked about, and swam across the + river, and gradually sunk near the child, when both the child and + loaf were immediately brought up, with grabbers ready for that + purpose." + +Is this experiment ever tried at the present time, and do there exist +any authentic accounts of such trials and their results? + + * & ? + + Manpadt House. + +_Somersetshire Rhyme._--In Vol. iii., p. 206., there is mention of a +traditional rhyme on Lynn and Rising. At Taunton, in Somersetshire, +there is a similar tradition current: + + "Nertown was a market town + When Taunton was a furzy down." + +This Nertown is a village adjoining Taunton, and lying on the north side +of it. Its name is variously regarded as a corruption of Northtown +Near-town, and Nethertown, of which the last is doubtless the right +derivation. + + R. D. H. + + +DICTIONARY OF HACKNEYED QUOTATIONS. + +Allow me to suggest the publication of a small work, which might be +entitled "The Book of Hackneyed Quotations." Manifold would be its +usefulness. Here information would be imparted to enquirers anxious to +discover the source of such passages and the labours of other oracles, +as well as of the editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES," would be thus in this +department diminished. Reporters would by this means be enabled to +correct mistakes; for, owing either to blunders in the delivery, or +errors in the short-hand notes, rarely are quotations faithfully +printed. The gentleman "totally unaccustomed to public speaking," and +the orator of "unadorned eloquence," might from hence cull some flowers +wherewith to embellish their speeches while to the practised author and +the accomplished speaker such a collection might serve as an index +expurgatorius, teaching them what to avoid as common-place, and so the +recurrence of old friends, "familiar in our mouths as household words," +would be more "like angels' visits, few and far between." + +An index referring to the rhyming or important words should be appended, +and it would be advisable to subjoin translation of the few Latin and +French citations. + +Surely it is "devoutly to be wished" that the proposed little work may +find "a local habitation and a name," and that the idea may not vanish +into thin air "like the baseless fabric of a vision." No doubt several +of your correspondents who do not think that "ignorance is bliss," and +that it is "folly to be wise," would gladly lend their aid, and the +constant "cry" would be "they come." As to the title, "a rose by any +other name would smell as sweet:" but "somewhat too much of this." + + TT. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Cocker's Arithmetic._--I have a copy of Cocker's _Arithmetic_, the 37th +edition, 1720, with an engraved portrait of the author; respecting which +there is the following manuscript note on the flyleaf:-- + + "Mr. Douce, of Bath, the literary antiquary and book-collector, + showed me a copy of Cocker's _Arithmetic_, with the _frontispiece + cut of the author_, which he said was very scarce. + + "J. P., April, 1823." + +Mr. Douce's copy (the first edition, 1678) is now in the possession of +Mr. Rainy, an upholsterer in Bath, and is for sale. He asks 8_l._ 10_s._ +for it. + + CRANMORE. + +_The Duke of Normandy._--The question relative to the late Duke of +Normandy being the individual who was Dauphin of France, the son of +Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette, and who was said to have died in the +Temple, has never been as publicly and satisfactorily settled as it +deserves. The high station and unquestionable integrity of the +individuals of the Perceval family who instituted the inquiry, and in +the most open manner laid the results of that inquiry before the public, +constitute an unexceptionable guarantee for its genuineness and +authenticity. The acute perception and accurate memory of Madame Tussaud +carry great weight with them. She was asked by the writer of this +paragraph, if she thought the person calling himself the Duke of +Normandy was the same individual she had modelled when a child. Madame +Tussaud replied with great emphasis, "I would take my oath of it for he +had a peculiar formation on the neck which still remains. Besides +something transpired between us, which he referred to, which was never +likely to be mentioned to any one." The late Mr. Jeremy, the active and +highly intelligent magistrate who presided in the court of Greenwich, +and whose long experience adds value to his judgment, was of opinion +that there were no traces of the impostor discovered by him during +several scrutinising examinations which were held in his office, and +that the members of the old French nobility who were present treated him +with profound respect. He was supported through unknown channels, was +twice shot at, and refused permission by the French government, though +it was applied for by legal advocates of the highest standing, to bring +the question before the legal tribunals. At first the Emperor of Russia +and the King of Prussia, who knew that the Dauphin was alive, opposed +the Duke of Wellington's proposal to reinstate Louis XVIII. The Empress +Josephine is also said to have been aware, that the Dauphine did not die +in the Temple, and is reported to have said "Ah! legitimacy is nearer +than you suppose." It is an unsettled historical question worthy the +attention of the historian who has time to bestow on it. + + AEGROTUS. + +_Anachronisms and Errors of Painters._--Perhaps the commonest of all +anachronisms of painters is that of representing St. John Baptist in a +Holy Family, himself a child, adoring the infant Saviour, and carrying a +slight cross or flag, with the motto "Ecce Agnus Dei." That John knew +our Lord as an eminently holy man is clear frown his expostulation, "I +have need to be baptized of Thee," &c.; but he himself most distinctly +assures us that it was not till he saw the Spirit descending on Jesus +like a dove that he knew him as the promised Messiah and Lamb of God. + +I have seen an engraving from an old Master (perhaps some of your +correspondents may remember the painting itself) in which the mother of +Zebedee's children comes forward to beg the boon on their behalf, James +and John being represented as boys of seven or eight, one on each side +of her. These errors of painters are perhaps excusable when they +occurred at a time when the Bible was not in everybody's hands: but what +excuse can we make for artist's blunders now? The _Illustrated News_ has +lately given us prints from paintings by living artists, in one of +which, "Noah's Sacrifice," a couple of fat ducks figure as _clean_ fowl +at the foot of the altar; and in the other, the Five Wise and Five +Foolish Virgins have increased into two sevens; neither error being +apparently noticed by the editor. It is said that no sea piece, however +fine, is admitted to our exhibitions if the rigging is incorrect. Would +it not be quite as advisable to exclude Scripture pieces with palpable +blunders? + + P. P. + +_The Ring Finger._--The English Book of Common Prayer orders that the +ring should be put "upon the _fourth_ finger of the woman's left hand;" +and the spousal manuals of York and Salisbury assign this practical +reason for the selection of the said finger: + + "Quia in illo digito est quaedam vena procedens usque ad + cor."--Maskell, _Ancient Liturgy of the Church of England_, 2nd + edition, Preface, page clv. note: Lond. 1846. + +Aulus Gellius tells us-- + + "Veteres Graecos annulum habuisse in digito accepimus sinistrae + manus, qui minimo est proximus. Romanos quoque homines aiunt, sic + plerumque annulis usitatos. Causam esse hujus rei Appianus in + libris AEgyptiacis hanc dicit: quod insectis apertisque humanis + corporibus, ut mos in AEgypto fuit, quas Graeci [Greek: anatomas] + appellant, repertum est, _nervum quendam tenuissimum ab eo uno + digito, de quo diximus, ad cor hominis pergere ac pervenire_. + Propterea non inscitum visum esse, eum potissimum digitum tali + honore decorandum, qui continens et quasi connexus esse cum + principatu cordis videretur."--_Noctes Atticae_, lib. x. cap. 10. + +Other reasons are assigned by Macrobius; and the author of the _Vulgar +Errors_ (book iv. ch. 4.) has entirely overthrown the anatomical fiction +mentioned above. Can any one give me any further information than that +contained in L'Estrange or Wheatly, or in the authors to which they +refer? The fourth finger of the left hand is certainly "the least active +finger of the hand least used, upon which, therefore, the ring may be +always in view, and least subject to be worn out:" but this is a very +unromantic and utilitarian idea. + + RT. + + Warmington, Aug. 9. 1851. + +_The Od Force._--As considerable interest appertains to the earlier +manifestations of what is now termed Mesmerism, the following Note may +not be altogether unworthy of a place. + +The experiment, upon which a subjective proof of the agency of the power +of Od is founded, as described by Dr. Herbert Mayo in the supplementary +chapter to the last edition of _Letters on the Truths contained in +Popular Superstitions_, and alluded to by R. D. H. (Vol. iii., p. 517.), +is another instance of there being "nothing new under the sun." In the +_Bigarrures du Seigneur des Accords_, first published at Paris in 1582, +in the chapter "Des faux Sorciers et de leur Impostures" occurs the +following passage, which I copy _verbatim et literatim_:-- + + "Autres ont une ruse, qu'ils semblent d'attacher un anneau d'or ou + d'argent a un petit filet, qu'on suspend dans un verre a demy + plain d'eaue, et puis l'ayant trempe pair trois fois, disent + bellement ce verset du Psalme, autant de fois, 'Ecce enim + veritatem dilexisti, incerta et occulta sapientiae tuae manifestasti + mihi.' L'anneau bat contre le verre, et sonne autant d'heures + qu'il en peut estre." + + W. PINKERTON. + + Ham. + +_New Costume for Ladies._--The following paragraph, extracted from a +London paper (November, 1794) would lead to the conclusion that the +agitation regarding costume now going on in America, is not entirely +novel; the Turkish fashion having been introduced unsuccessfully into +this metropolis in the last century:-- + + "The young ladies of _haut ton_, who have invented _Turkish_ + fashions, will not be surprised if their _husbands_ should follow + their example, and adopt the _Turkish taste for variety_.--No man + of sense can be _long_ attached to such _absurdity_!" + + G. R. + + Thanet Place, Temple Bar, Aug. 20. + + + + +Queries. + + +JUDGES STYLED REVEREND, ETC. + +I read a Query not long ago as to the time when the title "Very +Reverend" was first given to Deans. I would also offer a Query, When did +the Judges lose the title of "Reverend" and "Very Reverend," and obtain +that of "Honorable?" In the second volume of _The Year Books_ the +approbation of the twelve judges to the publication of the reports is +headed, "By the approbation of the _Reverend Judges_;" and the following +is copied from the title-page: "_Le Premier Part de les Reports del +Cases en Ley, que furent argues en le Temps de le tres Haut et Puissant +Prince, Roy Edward le Tierce. Ore nouvelment Imprimes, Corriges et +Amendes, avec les Notations and References de l' tres Reverend et tres +Sage Juges de cest Royaulme, Brook et Fitzherbert. Printed, 1679._" + +In the title-page of the sixth volume we find "_Avec les Notations de le +tres Reverend Juges, Brook et Fitzherbert_." + +Was this title, "Reverend," derived from the address given to judges +when ecclesiastics filled judicial offices, or is it simply a title of +respect applied to all persons to whom, on account of their position in +society, respectful address is due; of which we have an example in +Othello's address to the Venetian senators: + + "Most potent, grave, and reverend seniors." + +When did the address, "The Honorable," now given to the judges, come +into use? + +How comes it that in Court the Puisne Judges are addressed by the title +of "Lord," whereas the Master of the Rolls, who ranks before them, +receives the title of "Your Honor?" + +The use of the title "Honorable" to the House of Commons, and to members +within its walls, is familiar to us all. + +The worthiness and antiquity of the title is proved by its being given +to one of the Persons of the Eternal Trinity in the Te Deum. + + F. W. J. + + +Minor Queries. + +93. _Frederick Egmont; Peter (Egmont?)._--They appear as booksellers +merely and only, so far as I can make out, because the _promptorius +puerorum_, or _medulla grammaticae_, printed by Pynson, in 1499, is said, +in the colophon, to be at their expense. Neither Ames nor Dibdin gives +any further evidence. The following is therefore worth a Note. It is +from the _ad lectorem_ (or rather, the _adolescentibus studiosis_) of +the _Multorum Vocabulorum equivocorum interpretatio Magistri Johannes de +garlandia_: Paris, 1502, 4to. + + "Sed nihil tam arduum tamque difficile fuit quod labor improbus + non vicerit. Ut videlicet mei amicissimo Fredericho Egmont morem + gererem optatissimus: qui cum in vestra excellentissima anglie + patria. Et librorum sit fidelissimus mercator et amicorum suorum + amantissimus, nullum unque librum ex officina sua nisi perquam + castigatus emittet." + +Query, was F. Egmont a printer as well as a bookseller? Granting that +_officina_ means a shop, how can a mere bookseller sell none but +correctly printed works? The writer of the above was himself a +bookseller (Joh. Ant. Venetus). + +Of Peter above-mentioned, or rather of his name, the following is the +history:--The colophon of the _promptorius_, of which there is a copy in +the Grenville Library, runs as follows "... in expensis virtuosorum +virorum Frederici Egmont et Petri post pascha, anno domini MCCCC +nonagessimo nono, decima v'a die mensis Maii." Hence Hain and others +have entered Peter post Pascha as an English bookseller, presuming that +the words _post pascha_ cannot belong to the date, because the more +definite day, "May 15," follows. But surely, among the varieties of the +time when every man did what seemed good in his own eyes as to titles, +colophons, &c., it may easily have happened that a double description of +a part of the date may have occurred, one description containing more +than the other. Query, Can any other instance be produced of this +hypertautology?[6] At any rate, such a thing is more likely than that a +bookseller should have been called _Peter After-Easter_. At the same +time such whimsical things were done in the Latinization of names, both +by their owners and by others for them, that no certain conclusion can +be drawn. For example, more atrocious changes have been made than would +be that of Easterby into _post pascha_. + + M. + + [Footnote 6: [We are glad to supply our correspondent with another + instance of hypertautology, and from a work in great demand during + this part of the year. On the cover of Bradshaw's _Railway Guide_ + we read, "Eighth Month (August) 1st, 1851."]] + +94. _Unlucky for pregnant Women to take an Oath._--In a police case, +reported in _The Times_ of the 28th of May, a woman was called as a +witness who, however, upon the book being tendered to her, positively +refused to be sworn, with the remark, that it must be evident to the +magistrate that she could not take an oath. The usher of the court said +that the woman was pregnant, and that low women who were in that +situation, entertained an absurd belief that it was unlucky to take an +oath. What is the origin of this superstition? Is it common amongst the +uneducated classes of society? + + COWGILL. + +95. _Cockroach_ (Vol. i., p. 194.).--Having seen in "NOTES AND QUERIES" +some interesting particulars on the subject of beetle mythology, I am +induced to put a Query as to the derivation of the word "cockroach." The +common appellation for this insect in the French islands is _ravet_, +but the more correct one is _kakerlaque_. Does the affinity in sound +between this latter term and "cockroach," slight though it be, warrant +the supposition that the one may be derived from the other? + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia, May, 1851. + +96. _Felton._--What has become of the letter said to have been found in +Felton's hat when he stabbed the Duke of Buckingham? Upcott once had it, +but it did not appear in the sale catalogue of his collection. + + ?? + +97. _Date of a Charter._--Having been in the habit of making frequent +consultations to the MSS. in the British Museum respecting the county of +Wilts, I found a charter temp. Henry III., the date of which is given as +"_Thursday next after the day whereon the King sent his daughter into +Sicily_!" + +It is now three years since I last saw the original, and having mislaid +my transcript, I quote from memory; but I believe I am correct in my +rendering from the Latin. + +Can you, through the medium of your valuable publication, fix with +accuracy this date, as I have not been able to do so. + + J. T. HAND. + + 29. Threadneedle Street, Aug. 13. 1851. + +98. _Thomas Tusser the "Husbandman."_--Has any new evidence been +discovered to prove the correct dates of the birth and decease of this +"old English worthy?" On his own authority we learn that Rivenhall, near +Witham in Essex, was the place of his nativity, and his remains were +interred (about 1580?) in St. Mildred's church in the Poultry. Are any +particulars known of Sir Richard Southwell, one of Tusser's patrons? + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +99. _Godfrey Higgins' Works._--Have the works of Godfrey Higgins (the +_Celtic Druids_ and the _Anacalypsis_) ever been reviewed, and where? if +not, can any of your readers inform me what is the opinion generally +entertained of these productions? + + OUTIS. + +100. _Noctes Templariae._--In turning over yesterday a MS. volume in the +University Library, I met with a tract of 8 pp., with the title, _Noctes +Templariae: a Briefe Chronicle of the darke Raigne of the bright Prince +of burning Love_. Stradilan is the name of the principal character in +this most mad composition. As to the author, I shall be glad to receive +information from those better acquainted with the fugitive literature of +the seventeenth century than + + W. R. C. + + Cambridge. + +101. _Commissioners on Officers of Justice in England._--On July 27th, +1733, commissioners were appointed to survey the officers of justice in +England and Wales, and to inquire into their fees. Will any of your +learned readers inform me whether these commissioners made any report of +the returns of fees which they received in pursuance of their +commission, and where is such report or returns deposited? This inquiry +may lead to some important results. + + INQUIRER. + +102. _Marcus AElius Antoninus._--Can you or any of your correspondents +inform me what writer is concealed under the pseudonyme of Marcus AElius +Antoninus, in the following title? + + "De scripto quodam cleri secundarii et leguleorum cololiensium + plane detestabili, adversus Evangelii doctrinam et ordines Imperii + nuper edito Querela Marci AElii Antonini Imperatoris, qui + Philosophus a bonis literis magna laude cognominatus est. 1543." + + TYRO. + + Dublin. + +103. _Derivation of Pic-nic._--Can any of your subscribers inform me of +the derivation of the word "Pic-nic?" + + A. F. S. + + Nottingham, Aug. 12. + +104. _Sir Thomas More's Knighthood._--I should, be glad of the date when +the honour of knighthood was conferred on this eminent man and also the +date of his admission into the privy council. If I am rightly informed, +the records of the privy council are preserved only since 1540. + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT + +105. _Portrait of Mandeville, author of the Fable of "The Bees."_--Could +any of your numerous readers inform me whether there is in existence any +authenticated portrait of Dr. Bernard de Mandeville, author of the fable +of "The Bees?" I have made a fruitless search for several years past. + + B. G. + +106. _Dingle, early History of._--Any references to works, MS. or +printed, containing notices of the early history of Dingle and its +neighbourhood, in the county of Kerry, Ireland, will much oblige. + + R. H. + +107. _Ancient Egypt, Language of._--What are the best standard works on +the study of the language of ancient Egypt, as preserved in its +monuments? What are the best works on its chronology? What translations +exist of its "Ritual of the Dead?" I am acquainted with Lepsius +Todtenbuch. What MSS. of it, _if any_, are preserved in British museums +or libraries? have they been collated? I am acquainted with that in the +library of Trinity College, Dublin, formerly in possession of the late +Lord Kingsborough, which, I believe, has never been even lithographed; +though among the members of that university are a Hincks, a Wall, and a +Butcher. + + S. P. H. T. + +108. _Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe._--None of the biographers of the famous Dr. +Matthew Sutcliffe, Dean of Exeter, the controversial writer, and founder +of Chelsea College, state where he was born, or where interred. +Faulkner, in his _History of Chelsea_, observes that he was probably a +native of Devonshire; but there appears to be some ground for +considering that he was of a family settled at Mayroyd, in the parish of +Halifax in Yorkshire. In a conveyance of the estate, dated 29th January, +1581, the grantor is Matthew Sutcliffe, "Doctor of Civil Law, dwelling +in London." He was of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Doctor of Civil +Law: he died in 1629. In his will he desires to be buried in Exeter +Cathedral. Probably the inscription on his tombstone, if still existing, +might settle this uncertainty. I shall feel obliged to any of your +correspondents who can throw any light on the subject. + + JAMES CROSSLEY. + +109. _Names first given to Parishes._--Is there any means of +ascertaining the time at which names were first given to parishes? and +can any reason be given for the recurrence of one termination in a +particular locality? Thus between Caistor and Brigg in Lincolnshire, a +distance of about nine miles, there are, I understand, the several +parishes or hamlets of _Clixby_, _Fonaby_, _Grassby_, _Ownby_, _Searby_, +_Bigby_, _Barnetby_, _Wrawby_, and there are many others in the +neighbourhood. Of course, I know the meaning of _by_, as a termination; +but I wish to know why it occurs so often in one locality, when perhaps +a few miles off you have as many _hams_ or _thorpes_. + +Can you suggest any probable derivation of _Swinhop_? + + F. B. + + Leamington. + +110. _German Testament._--What is the most literal German translation of +the New Testament? Is the translation published by the British and +Foreign Bible Society in 1844 to be depended on? + + A. G. + +111. _The Man of Law._--Who was the author of the following lines quoted +by Mr. Serjeant Byles a short time since?-- + + "The man of law, who never saw, + The way to buy or sell, + Shall never rise, by merchandise, + Or ever speed him well." + +They may not be quite correct, as I write from memory. + + W. W. KING. + +112. _The Termination "Ship."_--What is the origin of the termination +_ship_, in such words as consul_ship_, praetor_ship_, lord_ship_, and +others? + + A. W. H. + +113. _Nullus and Nemo._--I have two old quarto tracts, of eight pages +each, printed, as seems both by the type and by an allusion contained in +one of them, between 1520 and 1530, or thereabouts. They are part of a +satirical controversy, the subject of which is very obscure, between +_Nemo_ of Wittemberg, and _Nullus_ of Leipsic. Though printed, we must +suppose, at the two places, the opponents have evidently clubbed for a +woodcut to be common to the two title-pages. + +In this cut an unfortunate householder stands in an attitude of despair, +surrounded by what are as much in our day as in his the doings of +_nobody_, as broken crockery, hardware, &c. In the distance his kitchen +is visible, in which two nobodies are busy with his meat and wine. A +young woman is carrying an infant to the priest to be baptized; and from +the way in which the worthy man holds up his finger, we may fear she has +just confessed that it is nobody's child. Can any of your readers give +any information? + + M. + +114. _The noblest Object of the Work of Art._--Can any of your readers +discover the answer to the adjoining riddles which I have met with, +though I neither know its author nor answer?-- + + "The noblest object of the work of art, + The brightest gem that nature can impart, + The point essential in the tenant's lease, + The well-known signal in the time of peace, + The farmer's comfort when he holds the plough, + The soldier's duty and the lover's vow, + The planet seen between the earth and sun, + The prize that merit never yet hath won, + The miser's idol and the badge of Jews, + The wife's ambition and the parson's dues. + If now your noble spirit can divine, + A corresponding word for every line, + By the first letters plainly will be shown, + An ancient city of no small renown." + + A. W. H. + +115. _Poulster._--Can any one inform me if I am right in supposing that +this word, used in the reign of George I. as an addition expressing +trade, is the same as our _upholsterer_? + + D. X. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Reverend Caesar de Missy._--Can you furnish me with any particulars +respecting the Rev. Caesar de Missy? Bishop Middleton, in his work on the +Greek article, quotes once or twice some MS. notes of his, now in the +British Museum; and a rare edition of the Septuagint (Basil, 1545), now +in my possession, contains his autograph under date Londini, 1745. I +have not met with his name in any biographical work, and should +therefore be obliged by any information respecting his life and works. + + QUIDAM. + + [Caesar de Missy, a learned Prussian divine, was born at Berlin, + 1703. Having settled in England, he was appointed in 1762 to be + one of the French chaplains to George III., and died 1773. His + valuable library, which was sold by Baker and Leigh in 1778, + consisted of many books enriched with his MS. notes, some of which + were purchased for his Majesty's library, some for the British + Museum, and some by Dr. Hunter, who also bought several of his + manuscripts. A biographical account of De Missy will be found in + Chalmers's _Biographical Dictionary_, under _De Missy_ and a list + of his works in Watt's _Bibliotheca Britannica_, art. _Missy_.] + +_F. Beaumont and Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. ii., p. 263.).--"An acre sown with +royal seed," &c. Would M. W. kindly say _where_ the passage in Beaumont +is to be found? + + C. P. E. + + [The passage occurs in the poem entitled "On the Tombs in + Westminster Abbey." See Beaumont and Fletcher's _Works_, vol. ii. + p. 709. edit. 1840.] + +"_Carve out Dials._"-- + + "----Carve out dials, quaintly, point by point, + Thereby to set the minutes, how they run, + How many make the Hour full, complete; + How many hours bring about the Day." + +Where is the above quotation from? It heads an advertisement of the _Sam +Slick Clocks_. + + G. CREED. + + [It will be found in Shakspeare's _King Henry VI._, Part III. Act + II. Sc. 5.] + +_Log Book._--What is the origin of _Log Book_? + + G. CREED. + + [The Log _board_ no doubt gave rise to the Log _book_, as being + more convenient for preserving a record of the ship's course, + winds, and weather. Consult Falconer's _Dictionary of the + Marine_.] + +_Lord Clydesdale._--Would you kindly inform me who was the "Lord Mar. +Clydesdale," or "Clidsdale," whose name appears as a commoner of St. +Mary's College, Winchester, in 1735; and in other Rolls about that date? + + MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + +P.S. May I in your columns beg all Wykehamists to send to me, under care +of my publisher, any information concerning their old school? + + [James, Marquis of Clydesdale, was afterwards fifth Duke of + Hamilton, and second Duke of Brandon. See Douglas' _Peerage of + Scotland_, vol. i. pp. 473. 722.] + +"_Time is the Stuff of which Life is made._"--There is a phrase, "Time +is the stuff that life is made of," which has been taken for a line of +Shakspeare. A reference to Mrs. Clark's _Concordance_ shows that that +supposition is erroneous. Can any of your readers inform me where the +phrase may be found? + + H. + + [It occurs in Dr. Franklin's _Works_, vol. iii. p. 454., edit. + 1806, in the article "The Way to Wealth, as clearly shown in the + Preface of an old Pennsylvania Almanack, intitled, Poor Richard + Improved." He says, "But dost thou love life, then do not squander + time, for that is the stuff life is made of, as Poor Richard + says." Franklin may have quoted it from some previous author.] + +"_Yet forty Days_" (Jonah iii. 4.)--"Yet forty days and Nineveh shall be +overthrown."--Septuagint (Baxter's edition) "[Greek: Eti _t r e i s_ +hemerai]," &c.: "Yet _three_ days."--How is this? + + NEDLAM. + + [[Greek: Treis] is the common reading of the LXX. as [Hebrew: + arbaiym] of the Hebrew. We know of no variants. J. H. Michaelis' + account of the matter is, "Perperam vero LXX. hunc + _quadragenarium_ dierum numerum in _triduanum_ commutarunt."] + +_The Empress Helena._--Most readers of general history are aware that +the parentage of the renowned mother of the still more renowned +Constantine has been claimed for two widely different sources,--a +British king on the one hand, and an innkeeper of Bithynia on the other. +In favour of the former, we have Geoffrey of Monmouth, Carte the English +historian, and modern Welsh authors; for the latter, Gibbon and his +authorities. The object of the present Query is threefold: 1. Will some +one having access to Geoffrey be kind enough to favour me (in the +original or a translation) with the exact statement of the chronicler to +which Gibbon refers? 2. Are writers of intelligence and credit quite +agreed that the tradition which assigns to the wife of Constantius a +royal British parentage was "invented in the darkness of monasteries?" +3. Where is the question--one of interest in many ways--fully and +satisfactorily discussed? + + H. + + [The statement will be found in Geoffrey's _British History_, book + v. ch. 6.:--"After the decease of Coel, a petty prince of + Caercolvin [Colchester], Constantius himself was crowned, and + married the daughter of Coel[7], whose name was Helena. She + surpassed all the ladies of the country in beauty, as she did all + others of the time in her skill in music and the liberal arts. Her + father had no other issue to succeed him on the throne; for which + reason he was very careful about her education, that she might be + better qualified to govern the kingdom. Constantius, therefore, + having made her partner of his bed, had a son by her called + Constantine." Thus far Geoffrey; and with him agree Baronius, + Ussher, Stillingfleet, and Camden. The learned Lipsius' opinion of + this tradition, in his letter to Mr. Camden, will be found in his + _Epistles_, page 64. The traditions, however, is not mentioned by + Gildas, Nennius, or Bede. Our correspondent will find a long + discussion on this disputed point in Alban Butler's _Lives of the + Saints_, August 18, Art. "S. Helen." See also Tillemont, _Hist. + des Empereurs_, t. iv.] + + [Footnote 7: This petty king is probably the hero of the old + popular ditty: + + "Old King Coel, + Was a merry old soul," &c.] + + + + +Replies. + + +ROYAL LIBRARY. + +(Vol. iii., P. 427.; Vol. iv., p. 69.) + +I have delayed contradicting the stories told about the Royal Library in +the _Quarterly Review_ of last December, and repeated in the +_Illustrated Boswell_, and, I am sorry to say, still more gravely and +circumstantially reproduced by the Editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES." I have +delayed, I say, until I was enabled to satisfy myself more completely as +to one of the allegations of _your_ Note. I can now venture to assure +you that the whole story of the projected sale to Russia is absolutely +unfounded; and that the Princess Lieven, whose supposed agency is the +gist of the story, never heard a syllable about it, till my inquiry +brought it to her notice, and that she has given it the most absolute +contradiction. As there never was any such proposition, I need not say +that the interference against it attributed to Mr. Heber and Lord +Sidmouth is equally unfounded. The real history of the affair is +this:--Mr. Nash, the architect, had rendered himself very agreeable to +George IV. by his alterations and additions to the Pavilion at Brighton, +and he managed to obtain (somewhat irregularly, I believe) the job of +altering old Buckingham House, which was originally intended, or at +least proposed, to be only an extensive repair and more commodious +arrangement of the existing edifice. Under that notion, Mr. Nash had +little difficulty in persuading the king that the space occupied by so +large a library could not be spared for that purpose, if the house was +to be arranged as a _palace_ both for private residence and for purposes +of state; and as there was a very great jealousy in Parliament of the +expense of Buckingham House, he was afraid to propose the erection of an +additional building to receive the books. It was then that the scheme +was hit on, I know not exactly by whom (but I believe by Mr. Nash), of +giving the books to the British Museum. The principal part of the +library occupied three large rooms, two oblong and one an octagon. The +former were to have been absorbed into the living apartments, and the +octagon was to be preserved as a _chapel_, which it was proposed to +adorn with the seven _cartoons_ of Raphael from Hampton Court. All +these, and several other schemes, vanished before Mr. Nash's larger +views and increased favour, which led by degrees to the total +destruction of the old house, and the erection of an entirely new +palace, which however retains strong evidence of the occasional and +piecemeal principle on which it was begun. But in the meanwhile the +library was gone. _I know_ that some members of the government were very +averse to this disposal of the library: they thought, and _strongly +represented_, that a royal residence should, not be without a library; +and that this particular collection, made especially _ad hoc_, should +not have been, on any pretence, and above all on one so occasional and +trivial, diverted from its original destination. It is very possible +that Mr. Heber may have expressed this opinion; and I think I may say +that Lord Sidmouth certainly did so: but, on the other hand, some of the +king's advisers were not sorry to see the collection added to the Museum +_pro bono publico_; and so the affair concluded,--very unsatisfactorily, +as I thought and think, as regards the crown, to whom this library ought +to have been an heirloom; and indeed I doubt whether it was not so in +point of law. It is likely enough that the gift of the library may have +been _partly_ prompted by a hope of putting the public in better humour +as to the expenses of Buckingham House; but the idea of a _sale to +Russia_ never, I am sure, entered the head of any of the parties. + + C. + + +THE "EISELL" CONTROVERSY. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 64. 135.) + +I can easily suppose, after the space you have given to J. S. W. (Vol. +iv., p. 64.) to sum up on the long-protracted controversy of the +_Eisell_ interpretation, that you will scarcely permit it to be renewed. +J. S. W.'s judgment, though given with much amenity and fulness, I +cannot think satisfactory, as towards its close he evidently sinks into +the advocate. + +Theobald, a most admirable annotator, has narrowed the controversy very +properly, to the consideration whether Hamlet was here proposing +possibilities or impossibilities. J. S. W. dwells on the whole of the +dialogue between Hamlet and Laertes as a rant; and sinks all the lines +and passages that would bring it down to sanity. But this seems to line +singularly unjust. Imprimis, Hamlet is not enraged like Laertes, "who +hath a dear sister lost," and is a very choleric, impetuous, and +arrogant young gentleman. It is this quality which irritates Hamlet, who +is otherwise in the whole of this scene in a particularly moralising and +philosophic mood, and is by no means "splenetic and rash." Hamlet, a +prince, is openly cursed by Laertes: he is even seized by him, and he +still only remonstrates. There is anything but rant in what he (Hamlet) +says; he uses the most homely phrases; so homely that there is something +very like scorn in them: + + ---- "What wilt thou _do_ for her?" + +is the quietude of contempt for Laertes' insulting rant; and so, if my +memory deceive me not, the elder Kean gave it; "_Do_ for her" being put +in contrast with Laertes' braggadocio _say_. Then come the +possibilities: + + "Woul't weep, fight, fast, tear thyself," + +(All, be it noted, common lover's tricks), + + "Would drink up eisell, eat a crocodile, + I'll do't." + +Now the eating a crocodile is the real difficulty, for that looks like +an impossibility but then, no doubt, the crocodile, like all other +monstrous things, was in the pharmacopoeia of the time, and was +considered the most revolting of eatables. Eat a crocodile, does not +mean a whole raw one, but such as the alligator mentioned in the shop of +Romeo's apothecary, probably preserved in spirits. + +Here we have possibilities put against the rant of Laertes; _the doing_ +against _the saying_; the quietude of the philosophic prince, against +the ranting of the robustious Laertes; things that _could be done_,--for +Hamlet ends with "I'll do it." That is, he will weep, fight, fast, tear +himself, drink bitterness, and eat monstrosities: and this is his +challenge of Laertes to the true testimony of his love, in contrast to +his wordy lamentation. But his quick imagination has caught an impetus +from its own motion, and he goes on, "Nay, I will even outprate you;" +and then follows his superior rant, not uttered with sincere vehemence, +but with quiet and philosophic scorn; and he ends with the reproof of +Laertes' mouthing; a thing particularly distasteful to him. And now, in +accordance with this dignified contempt is his final remonstrance and +his exit speech of-- + + "I lov'd you ever; but it is no matter; + Let Hercules himself," &c. + +We thus see that there is no real rant in Hamlet; he is not outbragging +Laertes; but institutes the possible, in contradiction to swagger and +mouthing. The interpretation of _eisell_ thus becomes a matter of +character, and to a great degree would determine an actor's mode of +rendering the whole scene. This result I do not see that any of your +correspondents have taken notice of; and yet it really is the main thing +worth discussing. + +This interpretation too has the advantage of coinciding with +Shakspeare's perpetual love of contrast; the hot, hasty, wordy Laertes +being in strong contrast to the philosophic, meditating, and melancholy +young prince; always true to his character, and ever the first in every +scene by his own calm dignity. He never rants at all, but rides over his +antagonist by his cool reasoning and his own magnificent imagination. +The adoption of Theobald and Hickson's interpretation of the word +_eisell_ becomes therefore of great importance as indicating the +character of Hamlet. + + F. G. T. + +Many of your readers no doubt feel much indebted to your correspondent +for his able summary of the _eisell_ controversy; an example which it is +to be hoped will be followed in other cases. It has induced me to +collect a few passages for the purpose of showing that Shakspeare was +accustomed to make use of what may be termed _localisms_, which were +frequently as occult as in the instance of the _eisell_; and that he was +especially fond of establishing himself with the children of his brain +in the particular country by means of allusion to the neighbouring seas +and rivers. What appropriate signs are the Centaur and the Phoenix for +the city of Ephesus, the scene of the _Comedy of Errors_! The Italian, +Iachimo, speaks of-- + + "---- lips as common as the stairs + That mount the capitol." + +And Petruchio alludes to the bursting of "a chestnut in a farmer's +fire," an incident probably of common occurrence in the sunny south. In +_Hamlet_, with which we are chiefly concerned, the king "gulps his +draughts of _Rhenish_ down;" and the grave-digger talks of a flagon of +_Rhenish_ having been poured by the jester upon his head, the wine with +which Denmark would naturally be supplied. His majesty inquires: + + "Where are the _Switzers_? let them guard the door." + +And the student Horatio is judiciously placed at the university of +Wittenburg. Constant mention is made in _The Merchant of Venice_ of the +Rialto; and Portia, not unmindful of the remarkable position of the +city, thus directs Balthazar: + + "Bring them, I pray thee, with imagin'd speed + Unto the tranect, to the common ferry + Which trades to Venice." + +What a fine Hebraism (Hazlitt remarks) is that of Shylock, where he +declares, that he would not have given his ring "for a whole wilderness +of monkeys!" And so, if the subjoined passage in _Othello_ relates to +the ceremony of the Doge's union with the sea, may we not exclaim "What +an admirable Venetianism!" + + "I would not my unhoused free condition + Put into circumscription and confine + For the sea's worth." + +The Moor has not travelled far to find the following simile: + + "Like to the Pontick sea, + Whose icy current and compulsive course + Ne'er feels retiring ebb, but keeps due on + To the Propontick and the Hellespont." + +Petruchio asserts in respect to Catherine: + + "---- Were she as rough + As are the swelling Adriatic waves, + I come to wive it wealthily in Padua." + +In the Roman plays the Tiber is repeatedly noticed. The Thames occurs in +_Merry Wives of Windsor_, and others. And in the Egyptian scenes of +_Antony and Cleopatra_, the Nile is several times introduced. + + "Master Brook [says Falstaff], I will be thrown into Etna, as I + have been into Thames, ere I will leave her thus." + +Antony exclaims: + + "Let Rome in Tiber melt!" + +while Cleopatra gives utterance to the same sentiment: + + "Melt Egypt into Nile! And kindly creatures + Turn all to serpents!" + +In the last two passages it may be observed, that the hyperbolical +treatment of the two rivers bears some analogy to that of the _eisell_; +and it may also be pointed out, that although one of your correspondents +has rashly maintained that the word cannot mean a river because the +definite article is omitted before it, Thames, Tiber, and Nile here +occur without. Upon the whole it must appear that there is some reason +for adopting the motto: + + "Flow on, thou shining river." + + T. + +_Eisell_ will, I think, if examples from our old writers decide, be at +least acknowledged to mean in Shakspeare what we now (improperly?) call +vinegar, and not any river. In _The Goolden Letanye of the Lyf and +Passion of our Lorde Jesu Criste_, edited from a MS. (No. 546.) in the +library at Lambeth, by Mr. Maskell, _Monumenta Ritualia_, ii. 252., +comes this entreaty:-- + + "For thi thirste and tastyng of gall and _eysyl_, graunte us to + tast the swetnes of thi spirite; and have mercy on us." + +All through the sixteenth century, and ages before, _eisell_ was not +only a housewife's word, but in every one's mouth--in the poet's as he +sang, the preacher's as he preached, and the people's while they prayed. +Surely, for this very reason, if Shakspeare meant Hamlet to rant about a +river, the bard would never have made the king choose, before all +others, that very one which bore the same name with the then commonest +word in our tongue: a tiny stream, moreover, which, if hardly ever +spoken of in these days of geographical knowledge, must have been much +less known then to Englishmen. + + DA. ROCK. + + Buckland, Faringdon. + +Your correspondent J. S. W. well deserves the thanks of all those of +your readers who have taken an interest in the discussion on the meaning +of _eisell_ in _Hamlet_, for the able manner in which he has summed up +the evidence put forward by the counsel on both sides. Perhaps he is +correct in his conclusion, that, of twelve good men and true, nine would +give their verdict for _eisell_ being "a river;" while but three would +favour the "bitter potion." Nevertheless, I must say, I think the +balance yet hangs pretty even, and I rather incline myself to the latter +opinion, for these reasons: + +1. There is no objection whatever, even in the judgment of its enemies, +against _eisell_ meaning "a bitter potion," except that they _prefer_ +the river as more to their taste; for the objection of MR. CAUSTON I +conceive to have no weight at all, that "to drink up" can only be +applied "to a definite quantity;" surely it may also mean, and very +naturally, to drink "without stint." And _eisell_ need not be taken as +meaning nothing more than "vinegar;" it may be a potion or medicament of +extreme bitterness, as in the 111th sonnet, and in Lydgate's _Troy Boke_ +quoted by MR. SINGER, such, that while it would be possible to sip or +drink it in small quantities, or diluted, yet to swallow a quantity at a +draught would be almost beyond endurance; and hence, I submit, the +appropriateness of "drink up." + +2. There is this objection against _eisell_ meaning a river,--Would the +poet who took a world-wide illustration from _Ossa_, refer in the same +passage to an obscure local river for another illustration? Moreover it +does not appear to be sufficient to find any mere river, whose name +resembles the word in question, without showing also that there is a +propriety in Hamlet's alluding, to that particular river, either on +account of its volume of water, its rapid flow, &c., or from its being +in sight at the time he spoke, or near at hand. + +Can any of your readers, who have Shakspeare more at their fingers' ends +than myself, instance any _exact parallel_ of this allusion of his to +_local_ scenery, which, being necessarily obscure, must more or less mar +the universality, if I may so speak, of his dramas. Could such instances +be pointed out (which I do not deny) or at least any one exactly +parallel instance, it would go far towards reconciling myself at least +to the notion that _eisell_ is the river Essel. + + H. C. K. + + ---- Rectory, Hereford, July 28. + + +LORD MAYOR NOT A PRIVY COUNCILLOR. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 9. 137.) + +I will not attempt to follow all the statements of L. M., because some +of them are totally beside the question, and others contradict each +other. I shall only observe that he totally mistakes _my_ argument when +he says, as if in reply to me, that _it is not necessary to have the +courtesy title of lord to be a privy councillor_. No one ever said any +such thing. What I said was this, that the Mayor of London, like those +of Dublin and York, had the courtesy title of _lord_, and that this +title of _lord_ brought with it the other courtesy designation of _right +honorable_, which latter being _also_ (but not _likewise_) the +designation of privy councillors, had, as I suppose, occasioned the +error now predicated of the Mayor of London being a privy councillor, +which, I repeat, he is no more than any Lord John or Lady Jane, who have +also the title of Right Honorable. + +L. M., however, states as a matter of fact, that "the Lord Mayor is +always _summoned to council_ on the accession of a new sovereign." Now I +assert, and I think have proved in my former note, that the Lord Mayor +never was so _summoned to council_. I now add that he never has on any +occasion entered the _council chamber_, that he has never taken the oath +nor performed any act of a privy councillor, and that in short there is +not the smallest doubt with any one who knows anything about the Privy +Council, that the _Lord Mayor of London_ no more belongs to it than the +_Lord Mayors of York or Dublin_, or the _Lord Provost of Edinburgh_, all +of whom are equally styled Right Honorable, which title, I repeat, is +the sole and silly pretence of this new-fangled hypothesis. + + C. + + +"HOUSE OF YVERY." + +(Vol. iv., pp. 101. 136.) + +Observing the imperfect knowledge which Lowndes and your correspondents +apparently have of the work called Anderson's _House of Yvery_, I send +you a few Notes to clear up some points. + +It may be said there were two editions of this work; one containing the +censorious comments of (I presume) Lord Egmont on the degraded state of +the peerage; the second, that in which those comments were cancelled. To +the first, no printer's name appeared in the title-page; to the second +is the name of "H. Woodfall, jun." + +Lowndes has entirely mistaken the origin of the different paging in vol. +i. The fact is, the original edition of the Introduction contained 41 +pages of text, but the cancels reduced that number to 37; which p. 37., +as Lowndes correctly remarks, is in the second edition misprinted 29. I +possess both copies, with and without the cancels. By Lowndes we are led +to believe that only p. xxxvii. was destroyed; but in truth they are p. +xvi., and parts of pp. xv. and xvii., and nearly the whole of pp. +xxxv.-vi., containing the anecdotes of the tailor's son and the +apothecary's brother-in-law being sent, or intended to be sent, to +foreign courts, as ambassadors from England. Another cancel occurs in +vol. ii., of nearly the whole of pp. 444-5-6, which occasions Lowndes to +say that pp. 446-7 are missing. The duplicate pages 453 to 460 are +peculiar to the second edition only. One of my copies contains two +additional plates, one of Wardour Castle, the other of Acton Burnell, +evidently engraved for the work. The map of the baronies of Duhallow, +&c., is only in one copy, viz. the original edition. Unfortunately, this +original edition wants all the portraits of Faber, but it has the tomb +of Richard Percival of 1190, beginning "Orate," as in Lowndes. It +contains also a duplicate portrait of Sir Philip Percival, engraved by +Toms in 1738 (who also engraved the Wardour and Acton Burnell Castles); +and this duplicate is also in the other copy. + +Were I to form any judgment when this work was commenced, I should say +about 1738, and that all the engravings for it were done by Toms; and +the first edition was printed in 1742, without any printer's name, and +that some copies were so bound up. The other copies remained in sheets +until the next year, when Faber was employed to engrave the portraits, +and till 1744 or 1747; 1747 being the latest date of Faber's plates. +There is some curious information in these volumes, and I would +recommend your readers to observe how much the conduct of the Catholics +of Ireland, recorded in vol. ii. p. 271., resembles that of the +Catholics of the present day. + + P. + + +ON "RACK" IN THE TEMPEST. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 37. 121.) + +I think A. E. B. has not understood MR. HICKSON'S argument in reference +to this word. Perhaps the latter may not have expressed himself very +clearly; and not having by me his original paper on the subject, I +cannot cite his exact words; but his argument I take to be to this +effect:--In construction of the passage there is a double comparison, +which, though perfectly clear to the intelligent reader, causes some +confusion when a doubt is first raised as to the meaning of the word, +and which can be cleared up only by a thorough analysis. "The +cloud-capp'd towers," &c., are first compared with "the baseless fabric +of this vision," _like which_ they "shall dissolve," and afterwards with +"this insubstantial pageant," _like which_ (_having "faded"_) they shall +"leave not a rack behind." A given object can be said to "leave behind" +only that which was originally of its elements, and for this reason only +a general term such as _wreck_ or _vestige_ will accord with the +construction of the passage. + +I am sorry to find that any one should misquote Shakspeare for the +purpose of obtaining a temporary triumph: probably, however, in the +instance I am about to cite, A. E. B. has really fallen into the common +error of regarding two similes as one. He says, giving the substance of +Shakspeare's passage, "the globe itself shall dissolve, and, like this +vision, leave not a wreck behind." What Shakspeare in substance _does_ +say is, "The globe itself, _like this vision_, shall dissolve, and, +_like this faded pageant, shall_ leave not a rack behind." A. E. B.'s +question, therefore, "in what was the resemblance to the vision to +consist, if not in melting, like it, into thin air?" is thus answered: +The resemblance _does_ consist in _dissolving_, or "melting" away. + +My object in making these remarks is not to express an opinion on one +side or the other, but to draw the attention of your readers to the real +question at issue. I therefore say nothing as to whether Shakspeare may +or may not have had a prevision of the nebular theory; though I cannot +see that this would be in the least affected by our decision as to the +meaning of this word, since the _wrack_ or _wreck_ of the world might +well be represented by the "vapour" for which A. E. B. contends. As, +however, this gentleman says such is its meaning "beyond all doubt," (a +rather dogmatic way of settling the question, by the way, seeing that a +doubt had been thrown upon it in the very paper he has engaged himself +to answer,) I should like to be informed if there is any authority for +the use of the word in Shakspeare, or his cotemporaries, as _mere_ +"haze" or "vapour." I have generally understood it to mean a +_particular_ description of cloud, or, as some say, more properly, the +course of the clouds in motion. + +In fine, as Prospero did undoubtedly point to the dissolution of the +globe and all that it contained, it is quite clear that it could in such +case leave neither "cloud" nor "vapour," nor anything else behind it. +The simple question then remains: Is the word _rack_, as elsewhere used +by Shakspeare and his contemporaries, logically applicable there? + + A LOOKER-ON. + + Dawlish, Aug. 16. 1851. + +_Wolken Zug, English Term corresponding to._--Coleridge (_Death of +Wallenstein_, Act V. Sc. 1.) gives the lines-- + + "Fast fly the clouds, the sickle of the moon + Struggling, darts snatches of uncertain light." + +as a translation of + + "---- schnell geht + Der Wolken Zug: die Mondessichel wankt + Und durch die Nacht zuckt ungewisse Helle." + +In a note on this passage he says: + + "The words _wanken_ and _schweben_ are not easily translated. The + English words by which we attempt to render them are either vulgar + or pedantic, or not of sufficiently general application. So 'der + Wolken Zug,' the draft, the procession of clouds, the masses of + the clouds sweep onward in swift _stream_." + +On reading this, it struck me that the English word _rack_ exactly +expresses the meaning of "der Wolken Zug." + +Malone, in his note on the _Tempest_, Act IV. Sc. 1., says: + + "_Rack_ is generally used for a _body of clouds_, or rather for + _the course of clouds in motion_." + +I add a few instances of the use of this word, many of which are +collected in the note I have referred to. + +In _Antony and Cleopatra_-- + + "That which is now a horse, even with a thought + The _rack_ dislimns." + +In Fletcher's _Faithful Shepherdess_-- + + "shall I stray + In the middle air, and stay + The sailing _rack_." + +In Dryden's tenth _AEneid_-- + + "the doubtful _rack_ of heaven + Stands without motion." + +The term _scud_, used by sailors, seems to express the same idea. + + X. Z. + + +RICHARD ROLLE OF HAMPOLE. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 49. 116.) + +The productions of the writer known by the name of the Hermit of Hampole +have been hitherto much neglected: they afford copious illustrations of +ancient manners, and are very valuable in a philological point of view. +I would especially name the _Speculum Vitae, or Mirrour of Life_, of +which I possess two MSS. in entirely distinct dialects. + +Your Cambridge correspondent has shown that the Metrical Sermons contain +interesting passages also illustrative of manners and as the extracts he +has made have given occasion to some glossarial Queries from an Oxford +correspondent, J. E., should they not be more satisfactorily answered by +C. H., to whom they are addressed, perhaps the following attempt to +resolve them may not be unacceptable. + +1. By the _devenisch_ most probably the _Danish_ is meant, which we find +elsewhere written _Deniske_, _Daniske_, and _Danske_. + +2. _Guystroun_ should be _quystroun_, which is used by Chaucer in the +_Romaunt of the Rose_, and signifies a _scullion_, as is evident from +this passage. It is from the O. Fr. _quistron_ or _cuistron_. Thus in K. +Alisaunder (Weber's _Metr. Rom._), v. 2511.: + + "Ther n'as knave no _quistron_ + That he no hadde god waryson." + +3. By _Chaunsemlees_ we may probably understand _schoon-semeles_, +signifying, no doubt, _sandals_. + +4. "Hir chere was ay _semand_ sori," which your correspondent says is +"an expression very strange to English verse," is nothing more than the +old form of _seeming_: her cheer was ever sorrowful or _sad-seeming_. +The termination _and_ or _ande_, as well as _inde_, was formerly used +where we now have _ing_. Examples are numerous of this form; as _semand_ +and _semynd_, _spekand_, _strikinde_, &c. &c. + +In Gawin Douglas, _Eneados_, we have _glaidsembland_ for an appearance +of joy or gladness, a _cheerful countenance_; and in b. ii. v. 159.: + + "As that drery unarmyt wicht was sted + And with _eine_[8] blent about _semyn ful red_." + + [Footnote 8: Your correspondent's extract has _ane_; but _eyes_ + are evidently meant.] + +There are other words which appear in an uncommon form in these +extracts, for instance, _telid_ and _telith_, _hirched_ and _hirching_; +and the following plural form I do not recollect to have observed +elsewhere: + + "For ser deyntes and many _mes_ + Make men falle in many _sicknes_." + +In the last line of the first page, _Salhanas_ should be _Sathanas_: + + "And so slew Jesu Sathanas," + +reminding us of the tradition mentioned by DR. RIMBAULT, "the Devil died +when Christ _suffered_," not when he was _born_. + + S. W. Singer. + + Mickleham, Aug. 18. 1851. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Lady Flora Hastings' Bequest_ (Vol. iii., pp. 443. 522.; Vol. iv., pp. +44. 92. 108.).--ERZA regrets extremely the mistake she has made with +regard to the above poem. The person from whom, and the circumstances +under which she received it, all tended to confirm her in her error till +the last moment--with which, if the authoress of this beautiful poem +were acquainted, ERZA is sure she would be forgiven. + + [To these regrets on the part of ERZA we have to add the + expression of our own that our columns should have been made the + medium of a statement which it is obvious originated in error. We + regret also that, after the contradictions given to the first + statement, ERZA should, without a positive knowledge of the real + facts of the case, have reiterated in such strong terms the claims + of Lady Flora Hastings to the authorship of a poem which it is now + quite clear is really the production of Miss Barber.] + +"_The Right Divine of Kings to govern wrong_" (Vol. iv., p. 125).--I +cannot concur in MR. CROSSLEY'S conjecture that the _marks of quotation_ +affixed to this line in the eighteenth book of the _Dunciad_ may have +been a mere _error of the press_; because, in the first place, I do not +find that the _Dunciad_ is more negligently printed than other works of +the day. I should say rather less so; but (which is more important) any +one who will look at the successive editions will, I think, be satisfied +that the _remarkable typography_ of the line, carefully reproduced in +_all_, could not be accidental. This matter is less trifling than it at +first sight may seem, because there are several lines in Pope's works +similarly marked as quotations, on which questions have arisen; and my +belief is that everything so marked will turn out to have really been a +_quotation_, though in this case, and in that other, + + "No Lord's anointed but a Russian bear," + +we have, as yet, failed to find the original. + + C. + +_Fairlight Church_ (Vol. iv., p. 57.).--The old church was Early +English; the original windows were lancet-shaped. It was built, like all +the adjoining churches, of stone; but it had been repaired with brick, +and the roof of the tower had been covered with tiles instead of +shingles. The earliest brick building in Sussex, after the Roman period, +is Herstmonceux Castle, built by Sir Roger de Fynes, treasurer of the +household to Henry VI. + + W. D. COOPER + +_Dogmatism and Puppyism_ (Vol. iv, p. 102).--The quotation your +correspondent writes about to be found in MR. DOUGLAS JERROLD'S _A Man +Made of Money_, p. 252.: + + "'Robert, my dear,' said Jenny, with the deferential air of a + scholar, 'Robert, what did Mr. Carraways mean when he said he + hated dog--dogmatism?' Topps was puzzled. 'Robert, my dear,' Jenny + urged, 'what--what in the world is dogmatism?' Now it was the + weakness of Topps, never to confess ignorance of anything soever + to his wife. 'A man should never do it,' Topps had been known in + convivial seasons to declare; 'it makes 'em conceited.' Whereupon + Topps prepared himself, as was his wont, to make solemn, + satisfying, answer. Taking off his hat, and smoothing the wrinkles + of his brow, Topps said, 'Humph! what is dogmatism? Why, it is + this, of course: dogmatism is puppyism come to its full growth.'" + + ED. STEANE JACKSON. + + Saffron Walden, Aug. 10. + +_Was Stella Swift's Sister?_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.; Vol. iv., p. +110.).--That Swift was the son of Sir William Temple seems to have been +completely disproved by Mason. Swift was born in Dublin, 30th November, +1667, in the house of his uncle Godwin Swift, who, after the death of +his younger brother, Jonathan, in the preceding April, took charge of +his widow. Sir William Temple appears from his letters to have been +abroad in a public capacity from 1665 to 1670. If therefore, there +existed such consanguinity between Swift and Stella as to be a bar to +their marriage, it must have arisen in some other way. Swift says that +Stella "was born at Richmond in Surrey, on 13th March, 1681; her father +being the younger brother of a good family in Nottinghamshire [Qy. Sir +Wm. Temple? Sheen, where he resided, was close by], her mother of a +lower degree." There can be little doubt that she was illegitimate. The +question arises, who was her mother? On this point the Richmond registry +might perhaps throw some light. _Has it ever been searched?_ In order +that the supposed consanguinity should have existed, her mother must +have been either Swift's mother, Abigail Swift (_nee_ Erick) of +Leicestershire, or (what seems more probable) an illegitimate +half-sister of Swift. It has been surmised, however, that an impediment +to Swift's marriage of an entirely different nature from consanguinity +may have existed; or that, feeling himself to be labouring under an +hereditary disease, he may have been unwilling to propagate it. I am +much inclined to think that the objection to the marriage of Swift and +Stella, which certainly must have existed, was of this last description; +and that it would have been equally strong the case of any other +female. However this may be, I believe that full credit may be given to +what Swift has stated respecting the perfect purity of his intercourse +with Stella. + + "I knew her from six years old, and had some share in her + education, by directing what books she should read, and + perpetually instructing her in the principles of honour and + virtue, from which she never swerved in any one action or moment + of her life."--Swift's _Works_, vol ix. p. 489. (_citante_ Mason). + + E. H. D. D. + +_Charles Lamb's Epitaph_ (Vol. iii., pp. 322. 459.).--It has been +suggested to me by a lady who was an intimate friend of Lamb's, that Mr. +Justice Talfourd was the author of this epitaph. The observation, +however, was made without, I believe, any _certain_ knowledge on the +subject. + + COWGILL. + +_Meaning of Carnaby_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.).--ARUN inquires as to the +meaning of Carnaby as the name of a street. Carnaby is a surname +probably deriving from the parish of Carnaby in Yorkshire. It has become +a Christian name in the family of ---- Haggerston, Bart., since the +marriage of an heiress of Carnaby's into that family. + +Streets are often called after proper names. + + [Dagger symbol] + +_Scandinavian Mythology_ (Vol. ii, p. 141.).--Your correspondent T. J. +has called attention to the tradition-falsifying assertion of Mr. G. +Pigott, that the custom with which the Scandinavians were long +reproached, of drinking out of the skulls of their enemies, has no other +foundation than a blunder of Olaus Wormius in translating a passage in +the death-song of Regner Lodbrog. + +The following extracts from the curious and learned work of Bartholinus, +_De Causis Contemptae a Danis Adhuc Gentilibus Mortis_, will, I think, +show that the subject deserves further inquiry before we consent to +place this ancient historical tradition in the category of vulgar +errors. Speaking of the banquets of the beatified heroes in Valhalla, +Bartholinus says: + + "Neque tamen ex communi animalium cornu elaborata pocula in + Valhalla viserentur; sacratiora desiderabantur ex caesorum craniis + inimicorum confecta, quae apud Danos vel ex Dania oriundos, alias + quoque gentes, in summo erant pretio."--Lib. ii. cap. xii. p. 555. + +In proof of this assertion he quotes the following authors; Herodotus +(lib. iv. cap. 65.) and Plato (Euthydemus), who attribute this custom to +the Scythians. Aristotle is supposed to allude to it, _De Repub._ lib. +vii. cap. 2. In the _Historia Miscellanea_, lib. vi., it is mentioned as +a custom of the Scordisci; and similar customs are recorded of the +Panebi by Nicolaus Damascenus, of the Essedones by Solinus and Mela, of +the Boii by Livy (lib iii. cap. 24.), of the Celts by Silius Italicus +(lib. ii.), of the Langobards by Paulus Diaconus (lib. i. cap. 27.). The +last-mentioned author informs us that these skull cups were alled +"scalae;" upon which Bartholinus remarks-- + + "Unde genus, undeque morem ejusmodi conficiendarum paterarum unde + etiam nomen _scalae_ iis inditum, ex septentrione nempe traxerunt + Langobardi manifestum facient Vaulundar qvidu. + + "Enn poer skalar + &c. &c. + h. e. + Crania autem illa + Quae pericraniis suberant + Argento obduxit et + Nidado tradidit." + + W. B. R. + +_Scandal against Queen Elizabeth_ (Vol. iii., pp. 225. 285. 393.).--I do +not recollect that either of your correspondents on this subject has +brought forward the aspersion upon Queen Elizabeth's fair fame in +precisely the same form in which the Jesuit Sanders places it in the +following passage:-- + + "Hac Ecclesiae contra ipsam sententia, et Catholicorum novis + incrementis quotidianis, non mediocriter offensa Elizabetha, + convocatis ordinibus, leges valde iracundas et cruentas contra + veteris fidei cultores promulgat: quibus primum cavetur, _ne quis + Elizabetham haereticam, schismaticam, infidelem, usurpatricemve, + sub poena capitis vocet_. Item. _Ne quis aliam quamcunque certam + personam nominet, cui regnum vel in vita, vel post mortem ipsius, + deberi dicatur, excepta Elizabethae naturali prole._ Ea enim sunt + ipsa decreti verba. In eam enim homines vel adulationem vel + necessitatem ita perduxit haeresis, ut quod illud nobilissimum + regnum illegitimae illius regis sui proli aegre unquam concessit, + nunc _naturali_, id est, _spuriae_, soboli reginae in cujus sexu + fornicationis peccatum est foedius, non denegarint: pariter et + reipublicae, ex proximi successoris ignoratione, extremum + periculum, et Elizabethae incontinentiam prodentes."--Nicolai + Sanderi _Hist. Schism. Angl._ lib. iii. Sec. Novae leges latae in + Catholicos, ann. 1571, ed. 8vo. Col. Agr. 1628, p. 299. + +To some of your readers this passage may seem to indicate that the use +of the equivocal word _naturali_ may have given colour, not to say +occasion, to the whole scandal against Queen Elizabeth. By many, I +apprehend, it will be acknowledged that _spuriae_ is not the only, if an +allowable, interpretation. + + J. SANSOM. + + Oxford, July 22. 1851. + +_Meaning of "Deal"_ (Vol. iv., p. 88.).--I think the following may help +to throw a little light upon the use of the word _deal_ as meaning +_divide_. I was in Wensleydale about a month ago; and on inquiring where +the boundary between the North and West Ridings of Yorkshire ran, was +told, "On the top of Penhill, where God's water deals" (_i. e._ the rain +divides). I may further add, on my own knowledge, that in the north-west +corner of Suffolk, where the country is almost entirely open, the +boundaries of the different parishes are marked by earthen mounds, from +three to six feet high, which are known in the neighbourhood as _dools_ +the word being probably derived from the same root. I have been told, +however, that it should be spelled _duals_, and that the derivation of +it was from the Latin _duo_ as marking two parishes; but I am sure that +it is always pronounced by the country-people at a monosyllable, and +therefore the chances are in favour of the former derivation being the +right one. + +_A propos_ to Suffolk, another of your correspondents (Vol. iv., p. 55) +lately mentioned the fashion the people there have of leaving out the +_ve_ in the middle of the names of places. In this I can bear him +witness also; but I do not think it is confined to those letters only: +_e. g._ Eriswell, pronounced _Asel_; Wymondham (in Norfolk) _Wyndham_, +&c. Among those names of places in which the _ve_ is left out, your +correspondent has omitted Elved_e_n (commonly, though erroneously, +Elved_o_n), which is always called and often spelled _Elden_. + + A. N. + +_"The Worm in the Bud," &c._ (Vol. iv., p. 86.).--This quotation is from +Cowper's lines appended to the Bill of Mortality for the parish of All +Saints, Northampton, for 1787: + + "Read, ye that run, the awful truth + With which I charge my page; + A worm is in the bud of youth, + And at the root of age." + +I know not with whom the idea originated. The imagery is frequently used +by Shakspeare, but with him never indicates disease or death. + +I can call to mind no similar expression in the classics. + + H. E. H. + +_Moore's Almanack_ (Vol. iv., p. 74.).--Your correspondent FRANCIS is in +error as to the MSS. and correspondence of Henry Andrews being in the +possession of his son, Mr. Wm. Henry Andrews. Mr. W. H. Andrews some +time ago sold to me the whole of his father's MSS. correspondence, +astronomical and astrological calculations, with a mass of very curious +letters from persons desirous of having their "nativities cast." I have +also some copies of Andrews' portrait, one of which shall be much at +your service. + +Moore's _Almanack_ was known by that name long before Andrews had any +connection with it, but he was for upwards of forty years its compiler +for the Company of Stationers, whose liberal (?) treatment of Andrews +may be collected from the following postscript to a letter addressed to +me by his son:-- + + "My father's calculations, &c., for Moore's _Almanack_, continued + during a period of forty-three years; and although through his + great talent and management he increased the sale of that work + from 100,000 to 500,000, yet, strange to say, all he received for + his services was 25_l._ per ann.!! Yet I never heard him murmur + even once about it; such was his delight in pursuing his favourite + studies, that his anxiety about remuneration was out of the + question. Sir Richard Phillips, who at times visited him at + Royston, once met him in London, and endeavoured to persuade him + to go with him to Stationers' Hall, and he would get him 100_l._; + but he declined going, saying that he was satisfied." + +Andrews was also computer to the Board of Longitude, and Maskelyne's +_Letters_ evidence the value and correctness of his calculations. + +The only materials left by Andrews for a memoir of his life I believe I +possess, and some day I may find leisure to put them into order for +publication. + + ROBT. COLE. + +_Scurvy Ale._--The Query (Vol. iv., p. 68.) "What was scurvy ale?" may +perhaps be answered by an extract from a little work, _The Polar Sea and +Regions_, published by Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh. In the account of +Baffin's voyage, in which he discovered the bay called after him +Baffin's Bay, we are told that-- + + "Finding the health of his crew rather declining, he sailed across + to Greenland, where an abundance of _scurvy grass boiled in beer_ + quickly restored them; and the Lord then sent them a speedy and + good passage homeward." + +Johnson explains scurvy-grass as spoonwort. + + W. FRASER. + +_Siege of Londonderry_ (Vol. iv., p. 87.).--Will you have the goodness +to inform your correspondent that I have a pamphlet, printed soon after +the famous siege was over, giving a particular account of it, though it +altogether omits mentioning the name of an ancestor of mine who +distinguished himself in the relief of that place. I shall be happy to +afford E. A. any information or assistance he may require. + + B. G. + +_Salting the Bodies of the Dead_ (Vol. iv., p. 6.), about which MR. +MCCABE asks, is a very old custom in England. Matt. Paris, in his +description of Abbot William's funeral at St. Albans, A.D. 1235, tells +us how-- + + "Corpus apertum est. &c. Et quicquid in corpore repertum est, in + quadam cuna repositum est, sale conspersum. Et in coemiterio, est + humatum. Corpus autem interius, aceto lotum et imbutum et multo + sale respersum et resutum. Et hoc sic factum est circumspecte et + prudenter, ne corpus per triduum et amplius reservandum, tetrum + aliquem odorem olfacientibus generaret et corpus tumulandum, + contrectantibus aliquod offendiculum praesentaret."--_Vitae S. + Albani Abbatum_, p. 87. ed. Wats, Paris, 1644. + + DA. ROCK. + + Buckland, July 24. 1851. + +In the 86th and two following sections of the Second Book of Herodotus +is the description of the ancient Egyptian methods of preserving the +bodies of the dead. These were more or less embalmed with aromatic +spices, according to the condition of the person, and then corned with +saltpetre ([Greek: litron], _nitre_) for seventy days; strictly, +_salted_. Is it possible that the early Christians, in adopting this +practice, may have been influenced by that very obscure passage, Mark +ix. 49.: "Every one shall be _salted_ with fire?" + + ALFRED GATTY. + +The custom of placing a plate of salt on the body of the dead is very +general in Wales. I remember, when a child, inquiring the reason of the +practice, and being told by an old woman that it was to prevent the body +from swelling. My remark, that _any_ weight might answer the same +purpose, was met by the reply; "there's no weight so heavy as salt gets +when it is on the dead." This proves that some feeling of superstition +mingles with the custom. Has not the use of salt in baptism, amongst the +Italians &c., come allusion to the banishment of the evil spirit? + + SELEUCUS. + +_The Word "Repudiate"_ (Vol. iv., p. 54.).--That the use of the word +_repudiate_, in the sense of refuse, repel, reject, abandon, disown, +cast off, is by no means modern; and that such phrases as "I repudiate +the idea," "I repudiate the sentiment," "I repudiate the proposal," are +strictly correct, is evident from the use of the word by "standard +classical authors" in the original language from which it has come down +to us. Sallust, for instance, in his _History of Catiline's Conspiracy_, +says that Lentulus advised him to seek assistance everywhere, even +amongst the dregs of the populace; asking him at the same time, "Why, +since the senate had already adjudged him to be an enemy to the +republic, he should _repudiate the slaves_?" i. e., refuse to enrol them +in his levies. + + "Cum ab senatu hostis judicatus sit, quo consilio _servitia + repudiet_?"--_Sall. Cat._ 44. + +Cicero, in his Offices, in opposition to the opinion of the peripatetic +school, that anger is implanted in us by nature for useful ends, lays it +down as a principle, that "on all occasions _anger ought to be +repudiated_;" that is, "cast out of the mind," and says that "it is to +be wished that persons who are at the head of the state should be like +the laws, which inflict punishment not in anger but in justice." + + "_Illa_ (iracundia) vero omnibus in rebus _repudianda + est_."--_Cic. de Off._ I. xxv. 13. + +Cicero knew nothing of the Christian grace of "being angry and sinning, +not;" he knew nothing of the severity of love. In another place he tells +us that on one occasion Themistocles declared in the Athenian assembly, +that he had a plan to propose which would be of great advantage to the +state, but ought not to be made public. He was willing, however, to +communicate it to any one person whom they might select. Aristides, +rightly named the Just, being the person selected, Themistocles +disclosed his plan to him: which was, secretly to set fire to the +Lacedaemonian fleet in the dockyard of Gytheum, by which means they would +effectually crush the power of the Lacedaemonians. Aristides returned to +the assembly, and at once declared that Themistocles' plan was certainly +very advantageous, but by no means honourable; whereupon the Athenians, +rightly considering that what was not attended with honour, could not be +attended even with advantage in reality, without hearing another word, +"_repudiated the whole affair_;" that is, utterly rejected the proposal. + + "Itaque Athenienses, quod honestum non esset, id ne utile quidem + putaverunt; _totamque eam rem_, quam ne audierant quidem, auctore + Aristide, _repudiaverunt_."--_Cic. de Off._ III. xi. 12. + +In a third place, he relates that some persons forged a will of one +Minucius Basilus, who had died in Greece; and, in order that they might +the more easily obtain their end, put down Marcus Crassus and Quintus +Hortensius, two of the most influential men in Rome at that time, as +co-legatees with themselves, who although they suspected the will to be +forged, yet did not _repudiate the little legacy_ coming to them through +other persons' fraud, because forsooth they were not privy to the actual +commission of the forgery. + + "Qui cum illud falsum esse suspicarentur, sibi autem nullius + essent conscii culpae, alieni facinoris _munusculum non + repudiaverunt_."--_Cic. de Off._ III. xviii. 4. + +A little further research might easily multiply instances, but I think +these are quite sufficient to prove that we moderns are but following +the ancients in using the word _repudiate_ without reference to any +_obligation_ expressed or implied. + + F. F. F. + +_Repudiate, Ringlet, Outburst_ (Vol. iv., p. 54.).--Your correspondent +H. C. K. has dealt, I fear, somewhat too harshly with "repudiate." +Surely "repudiare" is "to reject what one is ashamed of, scorns, or +disdains." Two instances immediately suggest themselves in _Cicer. pro +Plancio_, 18 (44). 20 (50). In the former-- + + "Respuerent aures, nemo agnosceret, repudiarent," + +perhaps the word is a gloss upon "respuerunt." The latter, however, is +unexceptionable: + + "Nunquam enim fere nobilitas, integra praesertim atque innocens, a + Populo Romano supplex repudiata fuit." + +Why then should "repudiate" necessarily imply the notion of +"obligation?" and why should I, if I "repudiate" the criticism of H. C. +K., be held to "talk nonsense?" + +May I be allowed room for a couple of Queries? 1. Is our modern usage of +"ringlet" found before the time of Milton? 2. What is the earliest +authority for "outburst?" + + CHARLES THIRIOLD. + + Cambridge, July 29. 1851. + +_On the Letter "v"_ (Vol. iv., p. 55.).--I have read with pleasure the +paragraphs in your "NOTES AND QUERIES" on "the letter _v_," and beg +space for a further notice, with an especial reference to the patronymic +of _Ray_ or _Wray_. One family uses the motto, "Juste et _V_rai," whose +name is _Wray_; and another the same motto, whose name is _Ray_. And it +will be remembered that John Ray, the naturalist, changed the +orthography of his name from _Wray_ to _Ray_, as he concluded it had +been formerly written; and in one of the letters published by the Ray +Society[9], allusion is made to the adjective or substantive _vrai_, as +if that distinguished philosopher and divine had either derived his name +thence, or it had the same signification as that French word. Are we +then to take this as an instance of the silent _v_ or _double u_ or _v_; +and as any proof that families writing their names _Wray_ and _Ray_ were +originally of one patronymic and one common root, and that presumptively +Norman? + + [Footnote 9: Vide the _Correspondence of John Ray_. Edited by + Edwin Lankester, M.D. London, 1848, pp. 65, 66.] + +Under a separate heading, perhaps you will also indulge me with a Query +as to the coat of arms, under the portrait by Bathon, 1760, after W. +Hibbart, of Joannes Rajus, A.M., prefixed to Dr. Derham's _Life of John +Ray_, published by George Scott, M.A. and F.R.S.: London, 1760. The +shield is, gules, on a fesse, between three crescents, three cross +crosslets. Is it inferable that that coat was ever borne by patent or +admissible prescriptive right, by any of his ancestors? Several families +in the north of England, whence his father came, also have registered in +respectable armories crescents against their names. The poor origin of +John Ray is obviated, in some degree, by what is said in a Life of him, +published in _The Portrait Gallery of British Worthies_, by Charles +Knight. I suppose he himself used the armorials in question, and was +related to the family of nearly the same name, bearing crescents, viz. +Reay. + +The glasses of some of your correspondents may assist one more +shortsighted than themselves. + + H. W. G. R., Presbyter, + + and Member of the Ray Society. + + 1. Mead Place, Derby, Aug. 2. 1851. + +I beg leave to correct a remark of W. S. W***. as to _Tiverton_, Devon, +which was never pronounced _Terton_; it is Twiverton, near Bath, which +is pronounced _Twerton_. + + S. S. + +_"Whig" and "Tory"_ (Vol. iv., p. 57.).--The name "Whig" is derived from +the Celtic _ugham_, a sort of large saddle, with bags attached to it, in +use among the freebooters of the borders of Scotland: hence those +robbers were known to the Highlanders by the name of _Whiggam-more_, or +"big-saddle thieves;" and when the Civil War broke out, the Highlanders +and Irish, who supported the king, called themselves _a taobh Righ_, _i. +e._ "the king's party," and gave the name of _Whiggamore thieves_ to +their opponents. _Whiggammore_ and _taobh Righ_ soon became shortened to +_Whig_ and _Tory_, and in aftertimes served to distinguish the +supporters of the rival houses of Hanover and Stuart. The modern +signification of the terms is different, _Whig_ being taken to mean +"liberal," and _Tory_ "exclusive." + + FRAS. CROSSLEY. + +_Planets of the Months_ (Vol. iv., p. 23.).--I do not understand this +Query. What is meant by "planets for the months?" There are twelve +months, and in common parlance only seven planets. Nor do I see what is +meant by "precious stones symbolizing _those_ planets." In heraldry, the +arms of sovereigns and royal personages are blazoned by the names of the +sun, moon, and planets, for colours, as those of noblemen are by +precious stones. If this is what is asked after, the following table +will explain it:-- + + _Colours._ _Pr. Stones._ _Planets._ + Or Topaz Sol + Argent Pearl Luna + Sable Diamond Saturn + Gules Ruby Mars + Azure Sapphire Jupiter + Vert Emerald Venus + Purpure Amethyst Mercury + + C. + +_Baronets of Ireland_ (Vol. iv., p. 44.).--The two following extracts +may throw some light upon the origin of the title of baronet. James I. +probably adopted this title, which he found to have been so long +existing in Ireland, for the new order of nobility he was about to +establish. And it should be remembered that the order of baronet was +instituted for the purpose of promoting the plantation of Ulster. + +The names mentioned in the second extract are probably those of the +baronets whom Spenser mentions as being, in existence in his time. There +was, thirty years ago, a "Baron of Galtrim;" perhaps there is still. + + EUDOX: "You say well, for by the increase of Freeholders, their + numbers hereby will be greatly augmented; but how should it passe + through the higher house, which still must consiste all of Irish?" + + IREN: "Marry, that also may bee redressed by ensample of that + which I heard was done in the like case by King Edward III. (as I + remember), who being greatly bearded and crossed by the Lords of + the cleargie, they being there [_i. e._ in the Parliament of + _Ireland_] by reason of the Lords Abbots, and others, too many and + too strong for him, so as hee could not for their frowardnesse + order and reforme things as hee desired, was advised to direct out + his writts to certaine Gentlemen of the best ability and trust, + entitling them therein Barons, to serve and sitt as Barons in the + next Parlament. By which meanes hee had so many Barons in his + Parlament, as were able to weigh down the Cleargie and their + friends: the which Barons, they say, were not afterwards Lords, + but onely Baronets, as sundry of them doe yet retayne the + name."--Spenser's "View of the State of Ireland," in the _Ancient + Irish Histories_, Dublin Edition, 1809, pp. 223, 224. + + "BARONETS. + + "Seint Leger, Baronet of Slemarge, meere Irish. + Den, Baronet of Por man ston, waxing Irish. + Fitz Gerald, Baronet of Burnchurch. + Welleslye, Baronet of Narraghe. + [Ancestor of the Duke of Wellington.] + Husee, Baronet of Galtrim. + S. Michell, Baronet of Reban. + Marwarde, Baronet of Scryne. + Nangle, Baronet of Navan." + + Campion's "Historie of Ireland," written in the yeare 1571, p. + 12. (In the _Ancient Irish Histories_, Dublin edition, 1809.) + + T. J. + +_Hopkins the Witchfinder_ (Vol. ii., pp. 392. 413.).--Your +correspondents will find some "curious memoirs" of this person in the +_Anthologia Hibernica_ for June, 1793, p. 424. The memoirs are +embellished with a plate "correctly copied from an extreme rare print in +the collection of J. Bindley, Esq." + + R. H. + +_Plowden_ (Vol. iv., p. 58.).--From Burke's _Landed Gentry_, 1846, under +"Plowden of Plowden" (A.D. 1194), it would appear that Edmund was of +Wansted, Hampshire, and ancestor of the Plowdens of Lassam, Hants, and +that he "was styled in his will, July 29, 1655, Sir Edmund, lord earl +palatine, governor, and captain general, of the province of New Albion." +I would suggest to your Transatlantic readers the interest that would be +derived from a compilation of surnames in the United States; and in +cases where it can be ascertained, the date of introduction, position of +first immigrant, ancestry, and descendants. The names and subsequent +history of those families who remained loyal during the American +Revolution, are worthy of record; most of whom have, I believe, +prospered in the world since the confiscation of their property. + +The names of the followers of William the Conqueror are often alluded +to; but the "comers over" at the conquest of Wales, Scotland, and +Ireland are but seldom thought of, though they lend to their +descendants' pedigree a degree of historical interest. + + A. C. + +_As lazy as Ludlam's Dog_ (Vol. i., pp. 382. 475.).--This proverb is to +be found in Ray's first edition (1670), and is quoted in a little book +entitled _Scarronides, et cet._, a burlesque on the second book of +Virgil's _AEneid_. AEneas, reposing on the "toro alto," is likened to +"Ludlam's curr, on truckle lolling;" whilst a marginal note says "'Tis a +proverb, Ludlam's dog lean'd his head against a wall when he went to +bark." Both here and in Ray the name is spelt _Ludl_a_m_. + + CRANMORE. + +_Pope and Flatman_ (Vol. iv., p. 132.).--The piece quoted by MR. BARTON +had long since been pointed out by Warton (_Essay on Pope_), who has +also collected many others which Pope _may_ have known and made use of, +some which he _must_. + + V. + +_Spenser's Faerie Queene_ (Vol. iv., p. 133.).--The explanation of the +stanza in question would occupy more space than I think you would spare +me. It will suffice to note that a very sufficient one will be found in +Todd's edition of _Spenser_ (1803) in vol. iii., at the close of canto +ix. book ii.; and that the letter of Sir K. Digby is given at full +length, before the editor's own commentary and explanation, in that +place. + + V. + + Belgravia. + +_Bells in Churches_ (Vol. ii., p. 326.).--In reply to the inquiry +whether there is still a law against the use of bells as a summons to +divine services, except in churches, which has not been answered, permit +me to quote the following sentences from a judgment of Lord Chief +Justice Campbell, as reported in the _Times_ of August 14. + + "First, with regard to the right of using bells at all. By the + common law, churches of every denomination had a full right to use + bells, and it was a vulgar error to suppose that there was any + distinction at the present time in this respect. At the same time, + those bells might undoubtedly be made use of in such a manner as + to create a nuisance; and in that case a Protestant church and a + Roman Catholic one were equally liable." + +The case (Soltan _v._ De Weld) from the judgment in which the above +remarks are extracted was tried at the Croydon Assizes, and related to +the use of bells by a Romanist community in such a manner as was alleged +to be a nuisance. + + ARUN. + +_Proverb of James I._ (Vol. iv., p. 85.).--The meaning of this proverb +will be found in Jamieson's _Scottish Dictionary_, 4to. ed:--To "_cone_" +or "_cunne_" thanks, is "to give thanks; to express a sense of +obligation; to leave a sense of obligation." + + S. WMSON. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Many of our readers who take an interest in our Anglo-Saxon Language and +Literature are aware that an accomplished German scholar, Dr. Pauli, has +during a residence of considerable length in this country been devoting +his attention to those subjects; and we have just received some of the +fruits of his labours in a volume entitled _Koenig AElfred und seine +Stelle in der Geschichte Englands_. It is an interesting contribution to +a very important period in the history of this country; and it is the +more valuable from the use made in it of the labours of our own +distinguished Saxonists, Kemble and Thorpe. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Letters on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Duties of the +Christian Religion_, by Olinthus Gregory. The words _Ninth Edition_, on +the title-page of this new volume, sufficiently attest the value of this +addition to Bohn's _Standard Library_. + +_The Stranger in London, or Visitor's Companion to the Metropolis and +its Environs, with an historical and descriptive Sketch of the Great +Exhibition_, by Cyrus Redding. This Guide claims the merit of being "not +merely descriptive but pictorial;" and it does well, for its woodcuts +form the most valuable portion of the book. + +_Address at the Anniversary Meeting of the Royal Geographical Society_, +by Captain W. H. Smyth, R.N., President, &c. This Address give a concise +yet most clear view of the progress of Geographical Discovery during the +preceding year; and is alike creditable to the learned and gallant +Captain and the Society over which he presides. + +We desire to direct the attention of our readers, more especially those +who are old enough to remember the first appearance the _The Literary +Gazette_, to the Testimonial which the friends of the Editor, Mr. +Jerdan, propose to present to that gentleman. The names of the +Committee, and a statement of the Subscriptions in aid of the object, +will be found in our advertising columns. + +The Memorial which we mentioned some time since as having been addressed +to the master of the Rolls, requesting "that persons who are merely +engaged in historical inquiry, antiquarian research, and other literary +pursuits connected therewith, should have permission granted them to +have access to the Public Records, with the Indices and Calendars, +without payment of Fees," has been very favourable responded to by Sir +John Romilly; and a meeting of the gentlemen by whom it was signed has +been held at the apartments of the Society of Antiquaries, when certain +resolutions were agreed to, acknowledging the obligations of antiquarian +literature to Sir John Romilly for the arrangements which he has at +present determined upon, and for the further increased facilities for +consulting the documents in question, which he has promised on the +completion of the new Record Office. The thanks of the Meeting were also +voted to Mr. Bruce, with whom the movement originated. + +Mr. C. Roach Smith has issued proposals for publishing by subscription +an Illustrated Catalogue of his Museum of Antiquities, composed +principally of remains of the Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Mediaeval periods, +discovered in the bed of the Thames, and during excavations in London. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--William Nield's (46. Burlington Arcade) Catalogue +No. 6. of Very Cheap Books; W. Brown's (130. and 131. Old Street) List +of Theological Books selected from the Library of the late Rev. E. +Bickersteth. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +NATURAL HISTORY OF THE BRITISH ENTOMOSTRACAE, by W. Baird, M.D. (Ray +Society's Publications.) + +Barrington's Edition of THE ANGLO-SAXON VERSION OF OROSIUS, by Alfred +the Great. 8vo. London, 1773. (An Imperfect Copy, containing only the +Anglo-Saxon, from p. 1. to 242., would be sufficient.) + +BRITISH ESSAYISTS, by Chalmers. 45 Vols. Johnson and Co. Vols. VI. VII. +VIII. IX. and XXIII. + +KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL SHAKSPEARE. Part XXV. + +BUDDEN'S LIFE OF ARCHBISHOP MORTON, 1607. + +THOMAS LYTE'S ANCIENT BALLADS AND SONGS. 12mo. 1827. + +DODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT THE SOUL +IS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c. + +REFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS; or, Remarks on his Account of +Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Colonel Luke +Lillingston, 1704. + +GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. Vol. I. 1731. + +NEW ENGLAND JUDGED, NOT BY MAN'S BUT BY THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD, &c. By +George Bishope. 1661. 4to. Wanted from p. 150. to the end. + +REASON AND JUDGMENT, OR SPECIAL REMARQUES OF THE LIFE OF THE RENOWNED +DR. SANDERSON, LATE LORD BISHOP OF LINCOLN. 1663. Sm. 4to. Wanted from +p. 90. to the end. + +TRISTRAM SHANDY. 12mo. Tenth Edition. Wanted Vol. VII. + +MALLAY, ESSAI SUR LES EGLISES ROMAINES ET BYZANTINES DU PUY DE DOME. 1 +Vol. folio. 51 Plates. + +AN ACCOUNT OF THE REMAINS OF THE WORSHIP OF PRIAPUS, to which is added a +Discourse thereon, as connected with the Mystic Theology of the +Ancients. London, 1786. 4to. By R. Payne Knight. + +CH. THILLON'S (professor of Halle) NOUVELLE COLLECTION DES APROCRYPHES, +AUGMENTE, &c., Leipsic, 1832. + +SOCIAL STATICS, by Herbert Spencer. 8vo. + +THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE. The back numbers. + +ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA. The part of the 7th edition edited by Prof. +Napier, containing the Art. MORTALITY. + +OBSERVATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON HEALTH AND MORTALITY, by +Arthur S. Thomson, M.D. (A Prize Thesis.) + +REPORT ON THE BENGAL MILITARY FUND, by F. G. P. Neison. 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On the + Authority of Plato and Aristotle in the Middle Ages; 7. Hebrew + Metrology; 8. John vi. 51-58.; 9. "Things New and Old;" Books + received; Contents of Theological Journals. + + RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; + + Of whom may be had, THE FIRST AND SECOND NUMBERS price 4_s._ each. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL of No. 186 Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, a No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, August 30. 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 96, +August 30, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, AUGUST 30, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 38405.txt or 38405.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/4/0/38405/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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