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diff --git a/38275.txt b/38275.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c2b6c36 --- /dev/null +++ b/38275.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1942 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Are these Things So? (1740) The Great Man's +Answer to Are These things So: (1740), by Anonymous + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Are these Things So? (1740) The Great Man's Answer to Are These things So: (1740) + +Author: Anonymous + +Editor: Ian Gordon + +Release Date: December 11, 2011 [EBook #38275] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ARE THESE THINGS SO? (1740) *** + + + + +Produced by Tor Martin Kristiansen, Sharon Vaninger, Joseph +Cooper and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + +[Transcriber's Note: Apparent printer's errors retained.] + + + + + THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + + Are these Things So? + + 1740 + + THE GREAT MAN'S + ANSWER + TO + Are these Things So? + + (1740) + + _Introduction by_ + IAN GORDON + + PUBLICATION NUMBER 153 + WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK MEMORIAL LIBRARY + UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES + 1972 + + + + + GENERAL EDITORS + + William E. Conway, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + George Robert Guffey, University of California, Los Angeles + Maximillian E. Novak, University of California, Los Angeles + David S. Rodes, University of California, Los Angeles + + + ADVISORY EDITORS + + Richard C. Boys, University of Michigan + James L. Clifford, Columbia University + Ralph Cohen, University of Virginia + Vinton A. Dearing, University of California, Los Angeles + Arthur Friedman, University of Chicago + Louis A. Landa, Princeton University + Earl Miner, University of California, Los Angeles + Samuel H. Monk, University of Minnesota + Everett T. Moore, University of California, Los Angeles + Lawrence Clark Powell, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + James Sutherland, University College, London + H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., University of California, Los Angeles + Robert Vosper, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + Curt A. Zimansky, State University of Iowa + + + CORRESPONDING SECRETARY + + Edna C. Davis, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + + + EDITORIAL ASSISTANT + + Jean T. Shebanek, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + +The two pamphlets reproduced here belong to the fierce heightening in +the pamphlet campaign against Robert Walpole that took place at the end +of 1740. They represent only two efforts within a brief but furious +encounter that gave rise to the publication of no fewer than nine +separate poems. On Thursday, 23 October 1740, Thomas Cooper, "one of the +most prolific printers and publishers of the pamphlet literature of the +eighteenth century,"[1] published a savage denunciation of Walpole +called _Are these things so?_[2] This pamphlet, which took the fictional +form of an open letter from Alexander Pope, "An Englishman in his +Grotto," to Robert Walpole, "A Great Man at Court," set off a round of +verse writing among the party hacks of the day that vividly illustrates +the close relationship between literature and politics in the first half +of the eighteenth century. Within the space of two months eight further +pamphlets directly related to this pamphlet and to Walpole's position as +First Minister were published. Such a spate of literary activity is only +remarkable, however, when compared with other ages. While it is +inconceivable that the publication of any poem in our own day, even by a +major writer, should arouse such a response, it is reasonably typical of +the first half of the eighteenth century that the publication of an +occasional poem by a minor, indeed anonymous, writer should do so. + +On Saturday, 8 November, two weeks after the opening blast, Cooper +delivered a second volley, an equally fierce (although largely +repetitive) denunciation of Walpole entitled _Yes, they are:_.[3] A week +later still, on Saturday, 15 November, the first pro-Government riposte, +called _What of That!_, was published,[4] followed three days later, on +18 November, by a second reply, _The Weather-Menders: A proper Answer to +Are these things so?_[5] The second edition of _What of That!_ was +published on the following Saturday, 22 November,[6] and a third +pro-Walpole poem entitled _They are Not_, was also published at about +this time.[7] At the end of November, or early in December, a reply to +all three of these defences of Walpole appeared carrying the title, +_Have at you All_.[8] On Tuesday, 2 December, the pro-Walpole forces +returned to the attack again with a poem entitled _What Things?_[9] This +was followed on Saturday, 6 December, by the second edition, "corrected, +with the addition of twenty lines omitted in the former impressions" of +_Are these things so?_,[10] and on Thursday, 18 December, by yet another +anti-Walpole poem, _The Great Man's Answer_[11] purporting to be "by the +author of _Are these things so?_." But the pro-Walpole forces were still +not silenced and two days later on Saturday, 20 December, published _A +Supplement to Are these things so?_,[12] an attack on the Patriot +opponents of the Ministry. A month later still, on Friday, 23 January +1741,[13] the third edition of _They are Not_ was published. Hereafter +this particular controversy seemed to burn itself out, although an +anonymous poem entitled _The Art of Poetry_, published on 17 March 1741, +contains a long attack on _Are these things so?_. + +This confused battle is most easily summarized by saying that four +separate pamphlets (not counting second and third editions) were +published which attacked Walpole, and five which defended him. The poems +attacking Walpole are far more poetically versatile than those defending +him and it is the two most interesting of these attacks that are +reproduced here. Taken together, this series of nine pamphlets forms a +separate battle within that much larger and continuing war waged by Lord +Bolingbroke and the various supporters of the Patriot Opposition against +Sir Robert Walpole and the defenders of his Whig Ministry. From the +first publication of _The Craftsman_ on 5 December 1726 to the final +resignation of the "Great Man" on 11 February 1742 it is probably true +to say that no English politician has ever been so continuously and so +virulently attacked by so eminent an assemblage of literary persons. Gay, +Swift, Pope, Arbuthnot, Chesterfield, Lyttleton, Thomson, Fielding, and +Johnson each entered the fray at various stages. The fact that Walpole +rode out these attacks for so long is more of a comment on the +disorganized nature of the opposition politically and on the astute +manoeuvring of Walpole himself, than on the ineffectiveness of the +attacks. + +During the protracted span of this campaign there were only two periods +during which the supporters of the Patriot cause had any real chance of +toppling Walpole. The first came in 1733 when sustained opposition +forced Walpole to drop his proposed Excise Scheme, while the second +occurred five years later in 1738 and sprang from a new deterioration in +Anglo-Spanish relations. Although Walpole did not finally resign until +11 February 1742 his fall from power was a direct result of this +deterioration. His position in the House of Commons, and in the country +at large, was never as assured in the last four years of his "reign" as +it had been in the first seventeen. + +The pamphlets reproduced here deal with Walpole's declining reputation +and especially with his handling of Spanish policy. The causes of the +English differences with Spain go back to 1713 and the Treaty of Utrecht +in which the South Sea Company had been granted, amongst other +privileges, the right to send one trading vessel a year to the Spanish +possessions.[14] This right had been grossly abused by English merchants +eager to make large profits and a great number of English trading ships +annually smuggled goods to Spanish America. The Spanish governors were +only too pleased to accept such contraband trade for by it they avoided +payment of duties to the King of Spain. In order to defend themselves +against this illegal traffic the Spanish authorities established a fleet +of _guarda-costas_ to intercept, search, and, if necessary, punish the +English ships. The _guarda-costas_ did this with great effect and, on +occasion, with considerable cruelty. The most notorious example +concerned the capture, near Jamaica in 1731, of Captain Robert Jenkins' +ship, the _Rebecca_, and the ensuing removal of one of Jenkins' ears. It +was with Jenkins' presentation of this ear, which "wrapt up in cotton, +he always carried about him,"[15] before the House of Commons seven years +later in March 1738 that Anglo-Spanish differences came to a head. + +The Patriots demanded war and revenge: Walpole, however, was committed +to a policy of peace. Accordingly, he spent the rest of the year trying +to patch things up and the ill-fated Convention of Pardo concluded on 14 +January 1739 was the result. The Convention involved compromise on both +sides. England claimed that Spain owed her L343,277 by way of reparation +for damages done to English vessels, and Spain claimed that England owed +her L180,000 by way of arrears on duties due to the King of Spain. This +left a balance of L163,277 and England agreed to accept L95,000 as a +total discharge in return for payment within four months.[16] + +On 1 February Walpole laid this Convention before Parliament, and, +despite vociferous opposition, it was eventually ratified on 9 March by +a vote of 244 to 214. As a result of this ratification a considerable +section of the opposition, under the leadership of Sir William Wyndham, +immediately seceded from Parliament. Feelings had never been higher. On +15 May, one day after the payment had fallen due, Benjamin Keene, the +British Minister in Madrid, was officially informed that the L95,000 +would only be paid if Admiral Haddock removed his fleet from the +Mediterranean. England had no intention of recalling Haddock, for both +Gibraltar and Minorca would then remain defenceless, and Spain clearly +had no real intention of paying the money. From this point on war became +inevitable and on 19 October 1739 the declaration was made "and was +received by all ranks and distinctions of men with a degree of +enthusiasm and joy, which announced the general frenzy of the +nation."[17] It was on hearing the church bells pealing at the news that +Walpole made his famous remark: "They now ring the bells, but they will +soon wring their hands."[18] + +One month later, on 22 November, Admiral Vernon captured Porto Bello, +the port in which the _guarda-costas_ had been fitted out. The news +of this victory did not arrive in England until nearly four months later +on 13 March 1740, but it brought with it great public excitement and +jubilation. Thus by the end of 1740 the revenge on the Spanish had +begun. Those who had demanded war seemed justified and Walpole had been +discredited. This is the political background against which these +pamphlets are set. + + * * * * * + +Both pamphlets have been attributed to James Miller, but the evidence +for such attribution is cumulative rather than definitive.[19] _Are +these things so?_ has been far more frequently attributed to Miller +than _The Great Man's Answer_. The earliest attribution is found in +D. E. Baker's _Biographia Dramatica_ which, although it was not +published till 1812, was originally compiled by Baker sometime before +1764.[20] Robert Watt also lists _Are these things so?_ as Miller's +work in his _Bibliotheca Britannica_, Edinburgh, 1824.[21] The entries +under Miller in the _CBEL_ and _DNB_ both accept these attributions as +does the _British Museum Catalogue_. The evidence for attributing _The +Great Man's Answer_ to Miller is far more slender and rests largely on +the publisher's claim on the title page, which may well have been made +for the sake of promotion, that it is "By the Author of _Are these +things so?_". + +James Miller, 1706-1744, is better known as a comic dramatist than as a +poet. He was the son of a clergyman from Upcerne in Dorset, and was +educated at Wadham College, Oxford, where he wrote a comedy, _The +Humours of Oxford_, which was successfully performed at Drury Lane in +January 1730. On leaving Oxford he had been expected by his relations to +go into business, but "not being able to endure the servile drudgery it +demanded," he took holy orders and continued to write plays "to increase +his finances."[22] From 1730 until his death in 1744 he wrote ten plays, +several of which were performed with considerable success.[23] + +But it is as a poet that we are primarily interested in Miller. He was +the author of several occasional poems of which his _Harlequin Horace, +or the Art of Modern Poetry_, 1731, was the best known. This poem, yet +another imitation of Horace's _Ars Poetica_ is an attack on John Rich, +the manager of Lincoln's Inn Fields and Covent-Garden. The poem is +ironically full of perverse modern advice on how to write poetry. Miller +adopts the persona of a modern Grub Street poet who scorns the classical +values. Consequently Pope, who insists on standards of excellence, is +seen by the persona as the great enemy of modern poets. At the same time +it is quite clear that for Miller himself Pope is the greatest of poets. +The poem includes an attack on Walpole (ll. 209-216), and perhaps it was +this that led the agents of the Ministry to make him the large offer +referred to in the biography of Miller found in Cibber's _Lives_. But, +as the anonymous writer of this life goes on to point out, Miller "had +virtue sufficient to withstand the temptation, though his circumstances +at that time were far from being easy."[24] + +A second verse satire in the manner of Horace, _Seasonable Reproof_, +1735, has also been attributed to Miller. The poem is a general satire +on Britain's "State of Reprobation," and only makes a passing glance at +Walpole. London has been so forsaken by people all rushing to the +Italian opera that + + By _Excisemen_, it might now be taken, + And great Sir _Bob_ ride through, and save his Bacon (ll. 6-7). + +But more significant in our context is that, as Maynard Mack has shown, +the author creates a speaker "who by his careful echoings of the +_Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot_ seems to labor to be mistaken for Pope."[25] + +If Miller was the author of both _Seasonable Reproof_ and _Are these +things so?_ his fascination with the persona of the poet in his grotto +emerges as no sudden whim of wit, but as a continuing concern with the +symbolic significance of Pope's actual life. Furthermore, the poet who +attacked Walpole so violently in October 1740 emerges as no upstart +Patriot cashing in on Walpole's current unpopularity, but as a +consistent and courageous opponent of Walpole since at least 1731. + + * * * * * + +In _Are these things so?_ Pope is imagined to be speaking throughout, +although he in turn imagines what Walpole might say at various points. +The poem is full of allusions and references intended to support the +pretense that Pope is speaking. In line eight the speaker says his +luxury is "lolling in my peaceful Grot"; in lines fifteen and sixteen +he echoes Pope's famous claim in _To Fortescue_ that he is "TO VIRTUE +ONLY and HER FRIENDS, A FRIEND,"[26] when he says: + + Close shut my Cottage-Gate, where none pretends + To lift the Latch but Virtue and her Friends; + +and in lines seventeen and eighteen he shows that he knew Walpole had +once visited Pope at Twickenham.[27] + +These allusions to Pope's actual life have been carefully chosen by the +author in order to give dramatic credibility to his chosen spokesman +rather than to persuade the reader that Pope was the real author. The +impersonation of Pope is meant to be transparent: the poet is +demonstrating his versatility at imitating Pope and has considerable fun +in doing so. The only evidence that could be brought in to support an +interpretation that stressed the author's serious intent to make Pope +seem the real author concerns a Dublin reprint of the poem that actually +carried Pope's name as author on the title page. But it is extremely +unlikely that the true author had anything to do with this since the +Dublin publisher did not even bother to incorporate the corrections and +additions that the poet had made to the second edition. + +To point out that the device of creating a spokesman is meant to be seen +through is not the same thing, however, as saying that the author could +afford to admit his authorship. There were good reasons why the author +of a poem that was primarily an attack on the First Minister, and who +was himself probably without any great influence or reputation, should +need to hide the fact of his authorship. For such a person the choice of +Pope as spokesman could hardly have been more appropriate.[28] + +In May and July 1738 Pope had published his devastating attacks on the +state of the country known as _The Epilogue to the Satires_. On 31 +January 1739 Paul Whitehead published his attack on the artificialities +and disguises of Walpole's Ministry and the Court favourites in a poem +(which Boswell refers to as "brilliant and pointed"[29]) called +_Manners: A Satire_. At this point the government decided that it was +time they attempted to stop, or at least stem, these attacks. They were +not keen to confront Pope himself, but Whitehead presented a less +formidable opponent.[30] Consequently, in February 1739, he and his +publisher Robert Dodsley were summoned before the bar of the House of +Lords to account for the attacks on named individuals in _Manners_. On +Monday, 12 February, the poem "was voted scandalous, etc. by the Lords, +and the author and publisher ordered into custody, where Mr. Dodsley, +the publisher, was a week; but Mr. Paul Whitehead, the author, +absconds."[31] Whitehead anticipated this summons when he wrote in the +poem: + + _Pope_ writes unhurt--but know, 'tis different quite + To beard the lion, and to crush the mite. + Safe may he dash the Statesman in each line, + Those dread his satire, who dare punish mine (p. 15). + +Pope was then the ideal spokesman for our author's purposes: the mite +must dress up as the lion. It was admittedly almost two years since +Whitehead's original summons, but the incident was well enough +remembered to spur a gossip columnist writing in _The Daily Gazetteer_ +on 11 November 1740 to suggest that Whitehead was the author of _Are +these things so?_ Whitehead, too, evidently felt the danger of the +situation for he deemed it necessary to publish a denial four days +later.[32] + +In choosing Pope for his spokesman the author of _Are these things so?_ +showed a full awareness of the political realities. He also showed a +detailed familiarity with Pope's life and work. There is nothing, +however, to indicate that such knowledge was reciprocal, or even to +indicate that Pope knew of the poem's existence. The only evidence that +Pope knew anything about Miller's work, if indeed Miller was the author, +comes in a letter Pope wrote to Caryll on 6 February 1731 in which he +praises _Harlequin Horace_ although he does not seem to know the +author's name.[33] + +_Are these things so?_ opens with Pope challenging Walpole to explain +why Britain has fallen as low as she has and why France and Spain have +been allowed "to limit out her sea." Walpole is then imagined defending +his measures, especially the Excise Scheme, the Convention of Pardo, +Placement and the Secret Service. In the second half of the poem the +satirist repeats the charges and invites Walpole to turn his eyes inward +and imagine that he dies guilty. Pope then begs Walpole to resign and, +failing that, begs the King to intervene. The poem closes in a positive +way by turning from Walpole and listing other persons (all members of +the Opposition) that George II might appoint to a new Ministry. + +In the first edition (23 October) these persons were given fictitious +names. The second edition (6 December) not only substituted their real +names but also added twenty lines at the end which included Cobham and +Argyle in the list of worthies. It is this edition, which carries an +Advertisement explaining these changes, that we have reproduced here. + +Finally it seems helpful to append a few notes to help identify some of +the allusions. In line 63 (p. 4) the "ONE more noble than the rest" is +presumably Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke who was stripped of his +title by Act of Attainder in 1725. In line 73 (p. 5) the "brave and +honest _Adm'ral_" is Vernon who captured Porto Bello on 22 November +1739. The "_sturdy Beggars_" mentioned in line 100 (p. 6), was the +appelation used by Walpole in referring to the mob outside the door of +Parliament on 14 March 1733, and was taken up by the Opposition as +pertaining to all the merchants and individuals opposed to the +Excise.[34] In line 129 (p. 8) the "C--n----n" is the Convention of Pardo +described earlier in this introduction. In line 139 (p. 8) the "BROTHER" +referred to is Horatio Walpole who was a frequent ambassador abroad for +Robert Walpole's government. In line 218 (p. 12) "HE whose _Fame_ to +both the Poles is known" is George II. + +The persons named at the end of the poem as possible replacements for +Walpole are all persons who were at one time members of the Whig party +but who had joined the opposition because of their dislike for Walpole. +John Carteret, Earl Granville (ll. 231-236, p. 13, and referred to as +Camillus in the first edition), had a long struggle with Walpole for +control of the Whig party and joined the Opposition Whigs after he +returned from the lord lieutenancy of Ireland in 1730. It was Carteret +who was to move the unsuccessful resolution on 13 February 1741, +requesting the King to remove Walpole from his "presence and counsels +for ever." William Pulteney, Earl of Bath (ll. 237-242, p. 13, and +referred to as Demosthenes in the first edition) was also an early ally +of Walpole's who later broke with him to form the Patriot party. He +became one of the editors of _The Craftsman_. Philip Stanhope, Earl of +Chesterfield (ll. 243-245, p. 13, and referred to as Atticus in the +first edition) was also a lifelong Whig who joined Carteret in leading +the opposition to Walpole in the Lords. Hugh Hume, Lord Polwarth and +Earl of Marchmont (ll. 246-257, p. 14, and referred to as "that fam'd +_Caledonian Youth_" in the first edition), had been a persistent and +relentless opponent of Walpole in the Commons, but on the death of his +father in February 1740 had acceded to the Earldom of Marchmont and been +unable to get elected as a representative peer. Although twenty years +younger than Pope (he was only 32 in 1740) he became a close friend and +was appointed an executor of his will. Pope refers to his friendship in +his _Verses on a Grotto_: "And the bright Flame was shot thro' +MARCHMONT'S Soul."[35] Sir Richard Temple, Viscount Cobham (ll. 258-261, +p. 14), was also a staunch Whig who broke with Walpole and joined the +Patriots. He, too, was an intimate friend of Pope's who addressed the +first moral essay to him and praised his famous gardens at Stowe in the +fourth. John Campbell, Duke of Argyle (ll. 262-265, pp. 14-15) was a +distinguished soldier who joined the Opposition during the discussion of +Spanish affairs. Both Pope and Thomson had celebrated his eloquence, and +ll. 262-263 here are a direct recollection of lines 86-87 in Pope's +_Epilogue to the Satires: Dialogue II_: + + ARGYLE, the State's whole Thunder born to wield, + And shake alike the Senate and the Field. + +With the exception of Carteret each of the persons named at the end of +the poem was either an acquaintance or a close friend of Pope's. We have +here one last example of the remarkable degree to which the author of +this pamphlet had assimilated the true facts of Pope's life into his +fictional re-creation. + + * * * * * + +According to the title page, _The Great Man's Answer_ is by the same +author as _Are these things so?_. Once again the setting is Pope's +grotto, but this time the poet engages Walpole in a direct dialogue. The +poem begins with the poet being disturbed in his retreat by someone +"thundering at the gate." It is Walpole who has come to answer the +questions asked in _Are these things so?_. He maintains that Britain has +not fallen as low as Pope claims and that the Honour of the Fleet is +still intact. He defends his handling of Parliament, his fiscal +policies, his appointment of Placemen and Pensioners, his attitude to +Commerce, and the self-aggrandisement involved in many of his contracts. +These defences, which only bring out a severer irony in Pope, lead up to +Walpole's version of his own epitaph in contrast to that given him in +_Are these things so?_. Where Pope had stressed his role as the +grave-digger of British Liberty, Walpole sees himself as the healer of +factions. Finally he falls back on his ultimate weapon of bribery. But +his offers of money, pension, place, title, and honour are turned down +by the poet with increasing scorn, and the poem ends with appropriate +focus on Pope' incorruptibility. + +The following notes are offered to help with the topical allusions.[36] +The poem opens with Pope directing his servant, John Serle (l. 7, p. 1), +to see who is thundering at his gate. This is a playful allusion to the +famous opening of _An Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot_ where Serle had been +urged to an exactly opposite course of action. The "_Gazetteer_ Abuse" +scornfully mentioned by Pope (l. 37, p. 3) is a reference to _The Daily +Gazetteer_, a pro-Government newspaper which ran from 30 June 1735-20 +June 1745. The incomplete words, "Se--s" (l. 66, p. 4) and "P------ts!" +(l. 79, p. 5) refer to Senates and Parliaments respectively. Walpole's +claim (l. 89, p. 5) that "_Gin_ would then be drank without control" +refers to the government's Gin Act of 1736, which placed an excise of +five shillings a gallon on gin. His later claim that there would be "No +_License_ on the _Press_, or on the _Stage_" (l. 98, p. 6) refers to the +Stage Licensing Act of 1737, which placed the theatre under the control +of the Lord Chamberlain. + +For Pope's ironic application of the epithet "sturdy" (l. 164, p. 9) to +the London Merchants see the notes to _Are these things so?_. Pope's +mention of "_Angria_" (l. 204, p. 11) is a comparison of Walpole to a +Mahrattan pirate chief of the early part of the century. Walpole's +introduction to his own epitaph, "They _best_ can speak it, who will +_feel_ it most" (l. 223, p. 12) is an allusion to Pope's _Eloisa to +Abelard_ (l. 366): "He best can paint 'em who shall feel 'em most." + + UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO + London, Ontario, Canada + + +NOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION + +[1] H. R. Plomer, _A Dictionary of the Printers and Booksellers Who Were +at Work in England. 1726-1775_ (Oxford, 1932), p. 61. + +[2] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, 23 October 1740. +"This Day is Published. Are these things so? The previous question from +an Englishman in his Grotto, to a Great Man at Court." + +[3] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, 8 November 1740. +"This Day is Published. Yes, they are: Being an answer to Are these +things so?" + +[4] _The Daily Gazetteer_, 15 November 1740. "This Day is Published. +What of That! Occasioned by a Pamphlet intituled Are these things so? +And its Answer, Yes, They are:" + +[5] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, 17 November 1740. +"Tomorrow will be published. The Weather-Menders. A proper Answer to Are +these things so? By Mr. Spiltimber." + +[6] _The Daily Gazetteer_, 22 November 1740. "This Evening will be +Published; The Second Edition of What of That!" + +[7] I have been unable to find an advertisement for this pamphlet, but +it must have been published at the end of November or very early in +December since _Have at you All_ (see following footnote) lists it as +one of the pamphlets it is replying to. + +[8] _The London Magazine_, December 1740. The Monthly Catalogue. Item +13. "Have at you all. By the Author of Yes they are." + +This listing can only be taken as giving a terminal date. The pamphlet +may well have been published in late November. _Are these things so?_, +for example, is listed in the Monthly Catalogue for November. + +[9] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, 1 December 1740. +"Tomorrow, at Noon, will be published. What Things? or, An Impartial +Inquiry What Things are so, and What Things are not so. Occasion'd by +two late Poems, the one entitled Are these things so? And the other +entitled Yes, they are." + +[10] _The Daily Post_, 6 December 1740. "This Day is Published. (The +Second Edition, corrected; with the Addition of twenty lines omitted in +the former Impressions) Are these things so? The previous question from +an Englishman in his Grotto to a Great Man at Court." + +[11] _The Daily Post_, 18 December 1740. "This Day is Published. The +Great Man's Answer. In a Dialogue between his Honour and the Englishman +in his Grotto. By the author of Are these things so?" + +[12] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, 20 December 1740. +"This Day is Published. A Supplement to a late excellent Poem, entitled +Are these things so?" + +[13] _The Daily Post_, 23 January 1741. "This Day is Published. The +Third Edition. They are Not." + +[14] At the same time the South Sea Company agreed to pay a duty of 25% +on all profits to the King of Spain. It was the question of the payment +of this duty for illegal trips that became the basis of Spain's later +claim for reparation. These details are taken from William Coxe, +_Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of +Orford_, 3 vols. (London, 1798), I, 589. + +[15] Coxe, I, 579. + +[16] These figures are taken from H.W.V. Temperley, "Chapter II, The Age +of Walpole and the Pelhams," _The Cambridge Modern History_, ed. A. W. +Ward, G. W. Prothero, and Stanley Leathes (Cambridge, 1909), VI, 66. + +[17] Coxe, I, 617. + +[18] Coxe, I, 618 _n_. + +[19] I have been unable to do any more to settle the authorship and have +had to be content here with presenting the evidence. + +[20] D. E. Baker, I. Reed, and S. Jones, _Biographia Dramatica_, 3 vols. +(London, 1812), I, ii, 512-515. + +[21] Robert Watt, _Bibliotheca Britannica_, 4 vols. (Edinburgh, 1824), +II, 670. + +[22] Most of the details in this brief biography, including these +quotations, are taken from "The Life of the Revd. Mr. James Millar," +_The Lives of the Poets of Great-Britain and Ireland_, By Mr. +Theophilus Cibber, and other hands (London, 1753), V, 332-334. + +[23] One of these, _The Man of Taste_, 1735, has sometimes been +mistakenly confused with a pamphlet written three years earlier, _Mr. +Taste, The Poetical Fop_, which viciously attacked Pope. See James T. +Hillhouse, "The Man of Taste," _MLN_, XLIII (1928), 174-176. There is no +evidence that Miller ever attacked Pope and, indeed, his political and +literary sympathies put him strongly on Pope's side. + +[24] Cibber, p. 333. + +[25] Maynard Mack, _The Garden and the City_ (Toronto, 1969), p. 190. +Mack is the first critic to pay any attention to these pamphlets and +this reprint is largely offered to supplement his illuminating and +suggestive book. + +[26] A. Pope, _The First Satire of the Second Book of Horace Imitated_ +(London, 1733), l. 121. It is perhaps interesting to note that according +to J. V. Guerinot, _Pamphlet Attacks on Alexander Pope 1711-1744_ +(London, 1969), p. xlviii, "No other line more infuriated the dunces, +it was for them Pope's ultimate hypocrisy." + +[27] Walpole visited Pope sometime in the summer of 1725. See Pope's +letter to Fortescue, 23 September 1725. _The Correspondence of Alexander +Pope_, ed. G. Sherburn (Oxford, 1956), II, 323. + +[28] For a full account of the ways in which Pope's actual retired life +in his Twickenham villa, garden, and grotto became, in the 1730's, +emblematic of the ideal of cultivated virtue, see Maynard Mack, _The +Garden and the City_, especially Chapter VI. According to Mack, Pope +becomes "spiritual patron of the poetical opposition to Walpole" +(p. 190). + +[29] James Boswell, _Life of Johnson_, ed. R. W. Chapman (Oxford, 1953), +p. 91. + +[30] This assumption is based on Johnson's comment in his life of Pope +that "the whole process was probably intended rather to intimidate Pope +than to punish Whitehead." S. Johnson, _Lives of the English Poets_, ed. +G. Birkbeck Hill (Oxford, 1905), III, 181. + +[31] _The Gentleman's Magazine_, IX, 104. + +[32] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, Saturday, 15 +November 1740. "WHEREAS it has been generally reported that I am the +Author of a Poem, lately publish'd, entitled ARE THESE THINGS SO? I +think it necessary to assure the Public, that the said Report is without +any Foundation, being entirely a Stranger both to that Piece and the +Author of it. P. Whitehead." + +[33] "There is just now come out another imitation of the same original +[_Ars Poetica_], _Harlequin Horace_, which has a good deal of humour." +Sherburn, III, 173. + +[34] See _Fog's Weekly Journal_, 14 April 1733. + +[35] For an account of the publication of these verses see Mack, p. 70, +_n_. 1. + +[36] It should be noted that the pamphlet is full of typographical +errors. Lines 104-106, p. 6, should be prefixed by "G.M.," since +Walpole must be the speaker, as should the last two lines in the poem, +lines 251-252, p. 13. Page ten mistakenly carries the number twelve at +the top of the page. + + + + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE + + +The facsimiles of _Are these things so?_ (1740; the Second Edition, +corrected; 163.n.57) and of _The Great Man's Answer_ (1740; 11630.h.50) +are reproduced from copies in the British Museum by kind permission +of the Trustees. + + + + + Are these Things So? + + THE + PREVIOUS QUESTION, + FROM AN + ENGLISHMAN in his GROTTO, + TO A + GREAT MAN at COURT. + +_Lusisti Satis, edisti Satis, atque_[A] _bibisti_, +TEMPUS ABIRE TIBI----Horat. + + The Second Edition corrected: + +With the Addition of Twenty Lines omitted in the +former Impressions. + + _LONDON:_ + + Printed for T. Cooper, at the _Globe_ in _Paternoster-Row_. + MDCCXL. + +[A] Some great and erudite Criticks, instead of _Bibisti_, read +Bribisti in this Place. Which of the two is the most applicable, +our Querist does not pretend to determine. + + + + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + Are these Things So? + + The Second Edition. + + With great Additions and Corrections. + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + (Price One Shilling.) + + + + +ADVERTISEMENT. + + +The first Publication of the following Poem having +been entrusted to the Care of the Printer, it came, +thro' either his Ignorance or Timorousness, +extremely mutilated, and incorrect from the Press. +The twenty last Lines were left out, which made the +Conclusion very abrupt, and in a great measure +destroy'd the Intention, as well as Unity, of the +whole Piece. The Characters of some great +Personages were entirely omitted, and fictitious +Names placed to others, instead of the real ones +inserted by the Author, who was always of Opinion, +that deserved Praise, as well as just Satire, +should disdain a Mask. As to the Pointing, it was +false in almost every Line, and there were many +Words either mis-plac'd or mis-spell'd in almost +every Page. Notwithstanding its appearing under +these many Disadvantages, the Public were pleas'd +to shew their Approbation of it in general, and to +give it such a generous and uncommon Reception, +that a large Number were obliged to be printed off, +to supply the present Demand, before there was +Leisure to restore or correct any thing. The +following Edition was at length undertaken by the +Author Himself, and is entirely agreeable to the +Manuscript which he at first put into the Hands of +the Printer. + + + + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + Are these Things So? + + THE + PREVIOUS QUESTION, + From an ENGLISHMAN in his GROTTO, + To a GREAT MAN at COURT. + + + Dead to the World's each Scene of Pomp or Care, + Wrapp'd up in Apathy to all that's there; + My sole _Ambition_ o'er myself to reign, + My _Avarice_ to make each Hour a Gain; + My _Scorn_--the Threats or Favours of a Crown, + A Prince's Whisper, or a Tyrant's Frown; + My _Pride_--forgetting and to be forgot; + My _Lux'ry_--lolling in my peaceful Grot. + All Rancour, Party, Pique, expung'd my Mind, + Free or to _laugh_ at, or _lament_ Mankind; + Here my calm Hours I with the Wise employ, + And the great _Greek_, or _Roman_ Sage enjoy; + Or, gayly bent, the Mirth-fraught Page peruse, + Or, pensive, keep a _Fast-Day_ with the Muse. + Close shut my Cottage-Gate, where none pretends + To lift the Latch, but Virtue and her Friends; + Tho' pardon me--a Word, Sir, in your Ear, + Once, _long ago_, I think I saw You here. + + Yet to the World, all Hermit as I live, + From all its vain Regards a Fugitive; + Still in my Breast my _Country_ claims a Part, + And Love of _Britain_ clings about my Heart: + Then tell me, Sir, for You, 'tis said, best know, + Is She, as Fame reports her, _fall'n so low_? + Is _She_, who for so many Ages rode + _Unquestion'd_ Monarch of the _Water-Flood_; + Whose freighted Barks were hail'd in ev'ry Zone, + And made each _India's_ envy'd Wealth her own; + Protected still by such a Guardian Force, + That were they e'er molested in their Course, + Sure _Vengeance_ on th' Aggressor straight was pour'd, + Unless _Seven-fold_ was for the Wrong restor'd? + Is She now sunk to such _low Degree_, + That _Gaul_ or _Spain_ must _limit_ out her _Sea_? + That She must ask _what Winds_ her Sails shall fill, + And steer by _Bounty_ who once steer'd _at Will_? + Whilst the vast _Navies_ rais'd for her Support, + _Nod_ on the _Main_, or _rot_ before the _Port_; + With Hands _ty'd up_ vain _Menaces_ retail, + Or try by meek _Perswasion_ to prevail? + + And is there--_What!_--So many _Millions_ gone, + So _many_,--Heavens! yet nothing, _nothing_ done? + Do then her Pow'rs this drowsy Sabbath keep? + Is there no Trump will rouse 'em from their Sleep? + Are they, quite lost to Empire and Renown, + Bemus'd at Home, or sunk in _foreign Down_? + Or, is it true, what Fame pretends to say, + That You, Sir, are the _Author_ of To-day? + That You're the fatal Cause of _Britain_'s Shame, + The _Spend-thrift_ of her Freedom and her Fame? + That _Albion_'s Sons are, by your Arts, become + The _Dupes_ of Foreigners, and _Slaves_ of Home; + That her fam'd S--te, on whose sage Debate, + And _free_ Resolves, depended _Europe_'s Fate, + Now meanly on your Nod _dependent_ sit, + And _Yea_ or _No_ but just as you think fit; + Nay, that the _Chiefs_ of even _Levi's Tribe_, + Bow down to you, the _Converts_ of a _Bribe_? + Whilst our trim _Warriors_, deaf to Honour's Call, + Now wage no War but in the Senate-Hall; + There wait your _Generalissimo_ Command, + To fight _your_ Battles 'gainst the Patriot Band? + + And that should One more noble than the rest, + Disdain to truckle to your high Behest, + Speak what he thinks, and freely plead the Cause + Of _Britain's_ Commerce, Liberty, and Laws; + Exert his Pow'r to check Corruption's Swing, + And serve, at _once_, his Country and his King, + His _dang'rous_ Virtues are discarded straight, + As sure as they are Vertues of your Hate; + Stripp'd of all Honour, Dignity, and Rule, + To cloath some _Kindred_ Oaf, or _Titled_ Tool. + + Or should a brave and honest _Adm'ral_ dare + To make one Conquest tho' in Time of War, + Without _your Leave_ to risk a vig'rous Blow, + And shew what _Britons_, if they _might_, could do, + Whilst ev'ry raptur'd Voice resounds his Praise, + And grateful Hands triumphal Columns raise, + Your venal Scribes are order'd all they can + To _lessen_ and _prophane_ the _godlike Man_. + + That thus the _Fountain_ of _Britannia's_ Health, + _Source_ of her Grandeur, Liberty, and Wealth, + Polluted by your _all-corrupting_ Hand, + With rank Infection deluges the Land; + Parent at once of _Want_ and _Luxury_, + Of open Rapine and dark Treachery; + The Knaves _Elixir_, and the Just Man's _Bane_, + _Food_ to the _Locust_, _Mildew_ to the _Swain_; + Pouring on those who once in _Goshen_ dwelt; + More deadly Plagues than _AEgypt_ ever felt, + And _worse_ than _Israel's heaviest_ Task inflicts + Tho' _gone_ our _Straw_ yet claiming _double Bricks_ + Whilst _Commerce_ flies before th' oppressive Weight, + And seeks in _Gaul_ a more indulgent Fate; + Where, Shame to _Britain_! the fair Stranger Guest + Is hail'd with Raptures, and her _Wrongs_ redress'd. + + "What then?" I'm told you say, "we nothing lose, + "If they've our Commerce we've their wooden Shoes; + "And since our _Merchants_ are so _fancy_ grown, + "'Tis Time to pull _sturdy Beggars_ down; + "They mutiny'd for _War_, and _War_ they have, + "But _such a one_ that soon a _Peace_ they'll crave; + "_Peace_ shall be Theirs, but _such a Peace_, that then + "They'll curse their Prayers and wish for War again; + "Thus pois'ning to 'em what they ask as best, + "I'll ruin 'em by _granting_ their Request. + + Are these Things so? Or is it Fiction all? + A _sland'rous Picture_ drawn in Soot and Gall? + Offspring of Disappointment or Disgrace, + Of Those who _want_ or who have _lost_ a _Place_? + If so, why lives the Scandal? up for Shame, + Confront your Foes, and vindicate your Fame; + For, trust me Sir, to wink at such Offence, + Rather proclaims a _Fear_ than _Innocence_; + "No one is guilty 'till he's guilty prou'd---- + Come then, be this wild Clamour strait remov'd; + In _conscious Justice_ cloath'd assert your Right, + Shake off this Load of Obloquy and Spite, + Like _Samuel_ dauntless cry, _Lo here I am_! + "Witness against me if I'm ought to blame. + "Before the Lord and his Anointed say + "Whose _Rights_ or _Honours_ have I ta'en away? + "Whom, speak, have I _defrauded_ or _oppress_'d, + "Or ever pilfer'd _Forage_ from whose Beast? + "Of what vile _Contract_ was I e'er the Scribe, + "Or of whose Hands have I receiv'd a _Bribe_? + "What _Scheme_ did ever I at Home propose + "But whence some _nameless_ Profit would have rose? + "Or what _C--n----n_ e're devise abroad + "But such as _Britain_'s Se--e did applaud? + "What of my _Country_'s Money e'er bestow'd + "Except in _secret Service_ for her Good? + "Or what _Incumbrance_ on her _Commerce_ laid, + "But for th' Increase of _our_ Revenues made? + "In my dear Country's Service now _grown gray_ + "_Spotless_ I've walk'd before you to this Day + "My Thoughts laid out my precious Time all spent + "In the hard _Slavery_ of _Government_; + "My Brother too the _fruitless_ Bondage shares, + "And all your _Peace_ is owing to his Cares, + "Girding his Loins he Travels far and near + "And brings home some _rare Treaty_ ev'ry Year. + "You have my Sons too with you who bow down + "Beneath the weighty Service of the Crown; + "My Cousins and their Cousins too--hard Fate! + "Are _loaded_ with the Offices of State; + "And not _one Soul_ of all my Kindred's free + "From _sharing_ in the Public Drudgery: + + "Why then these Shafts of Calumny you throw, + "This groundless _Odium_ cast on all I do? + "Speak out with Freedom what you have to say, + "Aside all _Influence_, _Pow'r_, and _Skreen_ I lay, } + "And put my Conduct on the Proof To-day. } + This Sir, if you dare stand the Inquest, do, + And then if you've but _Samuel_'s _Answer_ too, + If all this heavy Charge is void of Ground, + And by the _publick Voice_ you're _guiltless_ found, + Resume your Power, with Terrors arm'd go forth, + And blast the Villains that traduc'd your Worth; + Who basely durst your Righteous Course Arraign, + And Soil the Glory's of great _Brunswick_'s Reign. + + But if you _know_ your Cause is not the _best_ + Know that you have Defrauded and Oppress'd, + That you have ta'en and giv'n many a Bribe, + And of a _wicked Contract_ been the Scribe. + That you _have_ pilfer'd _Forage_ from the Beast, + And with the _Publick Wealth_ your _own_ encreas'd; + That a dire _Scheme_ you laid t' _Excise_ the Land, + And to a vile C--v----n set your Hand; + That you've _Monopoliz'd_ each Post and Place, + To aggrandize your self and _Mushroom_ Race, + That all your Kindred--Brother, Sons, and Cousins, + Have _Titles_ and _Employments_ by the _Dozens_; + And for as many _Sidesmen_ as are wanted, + _New Places_ are contriv'd, _new Pensions_ granted. + If you are travell'd in these _crooked_ Ways + With a long Train of black _et Cetera's_; + Whilst the _whole Nation_ loaths your very Name, + And Babes and Sucklings your _Dispraise_ proclaim; + Turn your Eyes inward, on yourself reflect, + Think what you _are_, then what you're to _expect_: + Pass a few Years the _Sisters_ cut your Thread, + And rank you in the Number of the Dead; + But of what _Dead_? not those whose Memory, + Bloom with sweet Savour through Posterity. + Those deathless Worthies, who, as Good as Great, + Or rais'd a fall'n, or prop'd a sinking State; + Or in the breach of Desolation stood, + And for their Country's Welfare pledg'd their Blood. + No! with the _Curs'd_ your Tomb shall foremost stand, + The GAVESTON'S and WOLSEY'S of the Land. + + Your Epitaph--_In this foul Grave lies HE_, + _Who dug the grave of_ British _Liberty_. + + Since then your Glass has but few Hours to run, + Quit quit the Reins before we're quite undone. + Why should you torture out your Dregs of Life, + In publick Tumult, Infamy and Strife? + To the last gasp maintain a baneful Power + Only to see your Country die before? + If not for _us_--for your _own_ Family, + And as you've made 'em _Great_, pray leave 'em _Free_. + + But if there's nothing that can bribe your Will, + From this perverse Propensity to Ill; + If to the Grave you are on Mischeif bent. + By growth in Crimes too harden'd to Repent. + If, whilst _perhaps_ you may, you _won't Retreat_, + Resolv'd the Nations _Ruin_ to compleat, + On _Britain_'s Downfall to erect a Name, + And trust to an _immortal Guilt_ for Fame, + May'nt the _Just Vengeance_ of an injur'd Land, + Thus greatly urg'd, exert a glorious _Stand_? + Drive not the _Brave_ and _Wretched_ to Despair, + For though of Freedom, Wealth and Power left bare, + The Plunder'd still have _Tongues_--and they may rear, + Their loud Complaints to reach their _Sovereign's_ Ear, + Lay, with one Voice, their _Wrongs_ before the _Throne_, + Whilst HE whose _Fame_ to both the Poles is known, + All Europe's Arbiter, all Asia's Theme, + Affrick's Delight, America's Supreme; + HE who does still express his Royal Care, + His loving Subjects Injuries to repair; + To their _Addresses_ graciously attends, + And above all their _Liberty_ defends, + Who is as Wise as Pious, Mild as Great, + And whose sole Business is to nurse the State; + _May_ judge their Cause and, greatly rous'd, command, + The _Staff_ of _Power_ from thy _polluted_ Hand, + And to some _abler Head_ and _better Heart_, + His long _dishonour'd Stewardship_ impart. + + Perhaps to Thee! great _Carteret_, who can'st boast. + Talents quite equal to the arduous Post; + A keen Discernment; strong, yet bridled Thought, + One Natures Dow'r, one by just Learning taught: + Calm Fortitude, unwarp'd Integrity, + And Flame divine to keep thy Country Free. + + Or to thy Conduct, _Pultney_! whose just Zeal, + Is still exerted for the publick Weal; + Whose boundless Knowledge and distinguish'd Sense, + Flow in full Tides of rapid Eloquence; + And to the native Treasures of whose Mind, + We see form'd Worth, and wide Experience join'd. + + With these the darling _Chesterfield_ may sit + An _able_ Partner--if his _rebel Wit_ } + Can to such _Pains_ and _Penalties_ submit. } + + And that fam'd _Caledonian Youth_, whose Morn + Propitious Skies, and Noon-tide Rays adorn, + Who rose so _early_ in his Country's Cause, + Shone, though so Young, _so bright_, that our Applause + Was lock'd in Wonder--gazing Senates hung + On the divine Enchantment of his Tongue; + Hark with what Force he pleads in our Defence! + How just he speaks an injur'd People's Sense! + _Half_ lost to _Britain_ now, He chides his Fate, + For stealing him, _by Titles_, from the State; + Whilst we, lov'd _Polwarth_! with thy Titles _more_, + As might such Virtues to the State restore. + + Then too the noble _Cobham_, first of Men! + May leave his Garden for the Camp again; + Call'd, like old Rome's Dictator from the Plough, + To plant once more the Laurel on his Brow. + + And Brave _Argile_, who's form'd alike to wield + The Rhet'rick of the Senate and the Field, + So tun'd whose Eloquence, whose Breast so Mann'd, + None can the _Speaker_ or the _Chief_ withstand. + + Yet feign Methink's I'd hope that you were clear + From this _high Charge_ that eccho's in my Ear; + Trust that some Demon envious of my Rest + With visionary Wrongs distracts my Breast, + Or that this Blazon of enormous Crimes + Springs from the wanton Licence of the Times. + Therefore I put this _Question_ to your Heart,---- + Speak, Culprit--_Are you Guilty_? Nay, don't Start, + This is a Question all have right to ask, + To answer it with _Honour_ is your Task; + That, If you dare unbosom, I expect, + Till when, _I'm Yours, Sir, with all_ due _Respect_. + +_FINIS_ + + + + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + THE + GREAT MAN's + ANSWER + TO + Are these Things So? + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + (Price One Shilling.) + + + + + THE + GREAT MAN'S + ANSWER + TO + Are these Things So? + IN A + DIALOGUE + BRTWEEN + His HONOUR and the ENGLISHMAN + in His GROTTO. + + _Qui capit_---- + + By the Author of _Are these Things So?_ + + _LONDON:_ + + Printed for T. Cooper, at the _Globe_ in _Paternoster-Row_. + MDCCXL. + + + + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + THE + GREAT MAN's + ANSWER + TO + Are these Things So? + + + _E.M._ HAIL blest _Elizium_! sweet, secure Retreat; + Quiet and Contemplation's sacred Seat! + Here may my Life's last Lamp in Freedom burn, + Nor live to light my Country to her Urn: + Die 'ere that huge _Leviathan_ of State + Shall swallow all.--Who thunders at my Gate! + See _John_--But hah! what Tempest shakes my Cell? + Whence these big Drops that Ooze from ev'ry Shell? + From this obdurate Rock whence flow those Tears? + Sure some _Ill Power_'s at hand--Soft! it appears. + _E. M._ What's That approaches, _John_? _J._ Why Sir, 'tis He. + _E. M._ What He? _J._ Why He Himself, Sir; the _great_ HE. + _E. M._ Enough. _G. M._ Your Slave, Sir. _E. M._ No Sir, I'm _your Slave_, + Or soon shall be.--How then must I behave? + Must I fall prostrate at your Feet? Or how-- + I've heard the _Dean_, but never saw him _Bow_. + _G. M._ Hoh! hoh! you make me laugh. _E. M._ So _Nero_ play'd, + Whilst _Rome_ was by his Flames in Ashes laid. + _G. M._ Well, solemn Sir, I'm come, if you think fit, + To solve your Question. _E. M._ Bless me! pray, Sir, sit. + _G. M._ The Door! _E. M._ No Matter, Sir, my Door won't shut: + Stay here, _John_; we've no _Secrets_. _G. M._ Surly Put! + How restiff still! but I have _what_ will win him + Before we part, or else the Devil's in him. + _E. M._ I wait your Pleasure, Sir. _G. M._ Why _Fame_, you say, + Reports that I'm the Author of To-Day: + I am--But not the Day that you describe, + Black with imagin'd Ills--Your Patriot Tribe, + Those growling, restless, factious Malecontents, + Who blast all Schemes, and rail at all Events; + Whom Ministers, nor Kings, nor Gods can please; + Whose Rage my Ruin only can appease; + That motley Crew, the Scum of ev'ry Sect, + Who'd fain destroy, because they can't direct; + Wits, Common-Council-Men, and Brutes in Fur, + Knights of the Shire, and of the Post.--_E. M._ This, Sir, + Is _Gazetteer_ Abuse. _G. M._ These Miscreants dire + Apply the Torch themselves, then cry out Fire; + In Rhime, in Prose, in Prints, and in Debate, + They falsly represent the Nation's State. + Go forth, and see if _Britain_'s fall'n _so low_; + Fly to her Coasts, and mark the glorious _Show_: + See Fleets how gallant! See _Marines_ how _stout_! } + That wait but till the _Wind shall turn about_. } + _E. M._ What a whole _Twelvemonth_! _G. M._ Pray Sir, hear me out. } + See all their Sails unfurl'd, their Streamers play; + You'd think old _Neptune_'s Self kept Holiday: + These shall protect our Commerce, scour the Main, + The Honour of the _British_ Flag maintain; + Pour the avenging Thunder on the Foe, } + And--_E. M._ Mighty well; but when are they to go? } + _G. M._ When? Psha! why look'ee, Sir, that _Time_ will show. } + Next view the martial Guardians of the Land: + Lo! her gay Warriors redden all the Strand: + _Cockade_ behind _Cockade_, each Entrance keep, + Whilst in their Sheaths ten thousand Falchions _sleep_. + _E. M._ But, Sir, 'tis urg'd that these are needless quite, + Kept only for Review, and not for Fight: + That Fleets are _Britain_'s Safety--_G. M._ Stupid Elves! + Why these, Sir, are to _save you_ from _yourselves_: + Ye're prone, ye're prone to murmur and rebel, + And when mild Methods fail, we must compel: + Besides, consider Sir, _th' Election_'s near-- + _E. M._--O, Sir, I'm answer'd--Now the _Case_ is _clear_. + _G. M._ Ay,--I shall answer all the rest as well. + _E. M._ I doubt it not. _G. M._ On _Se--s_ next you fell: + Fie! that was paw--_Se--s_ are _sacred_ Things, + And _no more_ capable of _Ill_ than--_Kings_. + _E. M._ 'Tis granted. _G. M._ Yet at them your Gall is spit; + You're told they _Yea_ and _No_ as I think fit; + And that if some brave _One_ Rebellious prov'd, + From his Lord's Banquet he was strait remov'd; + Cast into utter Darkness, like the Guest, + Who was not in a _Wedding Garment_ Dress'd. + Well, What of that? should not the _Blind_ be led? + Should not so vast a _Body_ have a _Head_? + And if _one Finger's gangreen'd_, sure 'tis best + To lop it off 'ere it infect the rest. + _Free_ P----ts! mere stuff--What would be done? + Let loose, five hundred diff'rent Ways they'd run; + They'd Cavil, Jarr, Dispute, O'return, Project, + And the great Bus'ness of _Supply_ Neglect; + On _Grievances_, not _Ways_ and _Means_ would go; + Nor one round _Vote of Credit_ e're bestow: + The _sinking Fund_ would _strangely_ be apply'd, + And _secret service Money_ quite denied: + Whilst _Soap_ and _Candles_ we _untax_'d should rue, + And _Salt_ itself would lose it's _Savour_ too: + Ev'n _Gin_ would then be drank without controul, + And the poor _civil List_ be ne're _lick'd whole_. + Down go all _Pensioners_, all _Placemen_ down. + Those lov'd and trusty Servants of the Crown, + Who're always ready at their Chief's Command, + Would have no _Vote_ to save the _sinking_ Land: + Ev'n _Levy_'s Bench might lose it's sacred _Weight_, + Remov'd, O _sad Translation_! from the State. + Then Pen's like yours would _freely_ vent their Rage, + No _License_ on the _Press_, or on the _Stage_; + Whilst loyal _Gazetteer_'s, tho' ne're so witty, + No more might chasten the Rebellious _City_: + No more sage _Freeman_ trumpet out my Fame, + Nor _unstamp'd Farthing-Posts_ my worth proclaim. + + _E. M._ Indeed--such dire _Calamities_ attend! + O worse, Sir, worse--Heav'n knows where it might end. + Perhaps _Ourself_ and our dear _Brother_ too, + No longer might our Country's Business do-- + + _E. M._ That, Sir, you've done already--rather, then, + _Your_ Business would be done. _G. M._ Ungrateful Men! + We that have serv'd you at such vast Expence, } + And gone thro' thick and thin. _E. M._ There's no Defence, } + Would serve your Purpose--Hence, then, good Sirs, Hence; } + Fly, for the Evil Days at Hand, Pray fly-- + _G. M._ What leave my Country to be _lost_?--Not I; + The Danger's yet but in Imagination, + I hope one _Seven Years more_ to _save_ the Nation. + In vain you Patriot Oafs pronounce my Fall, + Like the great LAUREAT, _S'Blood I'll stand you all_. + What tho' you've made the _People_ loath my Name, + I live not on such slender Food as Fame; + And yet that _People_'s _mine_--My Will obey, } + Implicit Bow beneath my sovereign Sway, } + Whilst these my _Messengers_ prepare my Way; } + These all your Slanders will at Sight refute, + They're sterling Evidence which none dispute. + For these, Content, or to be Damn'd or Sav'd-- + _E. M._--Nay if they will, why let 'em be enslav'd: + If they will barter all that's Good and Great, + For present Pelf, nor Mind their future State; + If none Thy baleful Influence will withstand, + Go forth, _Corruption_, Lord it o'er the Land; + If they are Thine for better and for worse, + On Them and on their Children light the Curse. + + _G. M._ _Corruption_, Sir!--pray use a milder Term; + 'Tis only a Memento to be _firm_; + The Times are greatly alter'd--Years ago, + A Man would blush the World his _Price_ should know: + Scruple to own his _Voice_ was to be bought; + And meanly minded what the Million thought; + Our Age more _Prudent_, and _Sincere_ is grown, + The Hire they _wisely_ take, they _bravely_ own; + Laugh at the Fool, who let's his _Conscience_ stand, + To barr his Passage to the promis'd Land; + Or, sway'd by Prejudice, or puny Pride, + Thinks _Right_ and _Int'rest_ of a different Side. + + _E. M._ _O Nation_ lost to Honour and to Shame! + So, then, Corruption now has chang'd its Name: + And what was once a paultry _Bribe_, to Day + Is gently stil'd an _Honourable_ Pay. + Blessings on that great Genius who has wrought + This strange Conversion--Who has bravely bought + Our Liberty from Virtue--Pray go on. + _G. M._ Of Commerce next you talk--pretend 'tis gone, + To _Foreign_ Climes--_Amen_, for what I care, + Perdition on the Merchants--They must dare! + To thwart my Purpose--I detest them--_E. M._ How! + _G. M._ Yes--And I think I'm _even_ with 'em now. + They would not be _convention'd_, nor _excis'd_, + But they shall feel the Scourge themselves advis'd; + They shall be swingingly _bewarr'd_, I'll swear; + And since they'd not my _little Finger_ bear, + My _Loins_ shall press 'em 'till they guilty plead, + And sue for Mercy at my Feet. _E. M._ Indeed! + _G. M._ Aye, trust me, shall they----_E. M._ But don't tell 'em so; } + For they're a stubborn _sturdy_ Gang you know, } + _G. M._ O! they'll be _supple_ when their Cash runs low. + Their _Purse_, which makes them proud and insolent, + A trav'ling with their Commerce shall be sent-- + _E. M._ Take Care they don't send _you_ a trav'ling first; + _G. M._ No, Sir, I dare 'em now to do their Worst. + _Seven Sessions_ more I am at least secure-- + _E. M._ Nay then you'll crush 'em quite?--But are you sure, + There is a _Spirit_, Sir? _G. M._ What Spirit pray? + A _Spirit_ that the _Treasury_ can't lay. + _E. M._ I'm answer'd Sir,--_G. M._ Next, Friend, one Word about + Those spiteful Innuendoes you throw out, + That squint at _Contracts_, _Forage_, and what not, + 'Tis _more_ than Time that those Things were forgot. + You should not link the _present_ with the _past_-- + _E. M._ Yes when they make one _glorious Whole_ at last; + When, tho' _Times differ_, _Actions_ still _agree_, + And what Men _were_ they _are_--What they _will_ be, + We safely may pronounce--_G. M._ Well, Sir, but why + On my dear Family and Friends this Cry? + Suppose they've Places, Wealth, and Titles too, + _Merit_ like Ours should surely have its _Due_. + That _squaemish_ Steward's of all Fools the worst, + That lays not up for his _own Houshold_ first; + Nor takes a _proper_ Care of those _staunch_ Friends, + By whose _good Services_ he gains his Ends. + Besides, who'd drudge the _Mill-Horse_ of the State; + Curst by the Vulgar, envy'd by the Great; + In one fastidious Round of Hurry live, + And join, in Toil, the _Matin_ with the _Eve_; + Be hourly plagu'd 'bout Pensions, Strings, Translations, + Or, worse! that _damn'd Affair_ of _Foreign_ Nations. + Make _War_ and _Treaties_ with alternate Pain: + First sweat to build, then to pull down again. + Who'd cringe at _Levees_, or in _Closets_--Oh! + Stoop to the _rough_ Remonstrance of the _Toe_? + Did not some Genius whisper, "That's the Road + "To Opulence, and Honours bless'd Abode; + "Thus you may aggrandize yourself, and Race; + "_Pension_ this _Knight_, or give that _Peer_ a _Place_." + + _E. M._ So _Angria_, Sir, as justly might declare, + He _plunder'd_ only to _enrich_ his _Heir_; + Nor longer would his _Piracies_ pursue, + Than 'till he had _provided_ for his _Crew_. + + _G. M._ Your Servant, Sir, I think you're pretty _free_-- } + _E. M._ Why Truth is Truth, Sir, and will out, you see; } + _G. M._ Yes, s'death! but _couple Angria_ with _me_! + _E. M._ I'll say no more on't--_G. M._ No you've said _enough_; + And what you next advise, is canting Stuff. + + _Turn my Eyes inward_! not quite so devout; + They've Task sufficient to look sharp _without_: + And should the fatal Sisters cut my Thread + Some _score Years_ hence--I trouble not my Head } + _Where_ I'm entomb'd, or number'd with _what_ Dead; } + I want no _Grave-Stone_ to promulge my _Fame_, + Nor trust to _breathless Marble_ for a _Name_, + BRITANNIA'S self a _Monument_ shall stand + Of the _bless'd Dowry_ I bequeath my Land: + Her Sons shall hourly my _dear Conduct_ boast; + They _best_ can speak it, who will _feel_ it most. + But if some grateful Verse _must_ grace my Urn, + Attend ye _Gazeteers_--Be this the Turn-- + _Weep_, Britons, _weep_--_Beneath this Stone lies He, + Who set your Isle from dire Divisions free, } + And made your various Factions all agree_. } + + _E. M._ That's right, _G. M._ You'd have me quit too--No, I'll still + Drive on, and make you happy '_gainst your Will_. + As for your _may_ and _may_, Sir,--_may be Not_, + Can my _vast Services_ be _There_ forgot? + + As for those _lauded Successors_ you name, + If once in Pow'r, they'd act the very _same._ + _E. M._ That's Cobweb Sophistry--Did they not fill + The noblest Posts? And had they not, pray, _still_, + But that they greatly scorn'd to _league_ with those, + Who were at once their King's and Country's Foes? + _G. M._ Well, Sir, as there is nothing I can say + Will with your starch'd unbending Temper weigh; + My last _best_ Answer I'll in _Writing_ leave; + Pray mark it--_E. M._ How! May I my Eyes believe? + _G. M._ You may--I thought I should convince you, _E. M._ Yes, + That Fame for once spoke Truth--And as for _This_-- + _G. M._ Furies! My _thousand Bank_, Sir, _E. M._ Thus I Tear, + Go, blend, _Corruption_, with _corrupting_ Air. + _G. M._ Amazing Frenzie! Well, if this won't do, + What think you of a _Pension_? _E. M._ As of _You_. + _G. M._ A _Place_--_E. M._ Be gone, _G. M._ A _Title_--_E. M._ is a _Lie_ + When ill conferr'd _G. M._ A _Ribband_--_E. M._ I defie + Farewell then Fool--If you'll accept of _Neither_, + You and your _Country_ may be _damn'd_ together. + +_FINIS_ + + + + + WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK + MEMORIAL LIBRARY + UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES + + * * * * * + + THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + + PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT + + + + + THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + + PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT + + * * * * * + + +=1948-1949= + +16. Henry Nevil Payne, _The Fatal Jealousie_ (1673). + +17. Nicholas Rowe, _Some Account of the Life of Mr. William Shakespear_ +(1709). + +18. Anonymous, "Of Genius," in _The Occasional Paper_, Vol. III, No. 10 +(1719), and Aaron Hill, Preface to _The Creation_ (1720). + + +=1949-1950= + +19. Susanna Centlivre, _The Busie Body_ (1709). + +20. Lewis Theobald, _Preface to the Works of Shakespeare_ (1734). + +22. Samuel Johnson, _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ (1749), and two +_Rambler_ papers (1750). + +23. John Dryden, _His Majesties Declaration Defended_ (1681). + + +=1951-1952= + +26. Charles Macklin, _The Man of the World_ (1792). + +31. Thomas Gray, _An Elegy Wrote in a Country Churchyard_ (1751), and +_The Eton College Manuscript_. + + +=1952-1953= + +41. Bernard Mandeville, _A Letter to Dion_ (1732). + + +=1962-1963= + +98. Selected Hymns Taken Out of Mr. Herbert's _Temple_ ... (1697). + + +=1964-1965= + +109. Sir William Temple, _An Essay Upon the Original and Nature of +Government_ (1680). + +110. John Tutchin, _Selected Poems_ (1685-1700). + +111. Anonymous, _Political Justice_ (1736). + +112. Robert Dodsley, _An Essay on Fable_ (1764). + +113. T. R., _An Essay Concerning Critical and Curious Learning_ (1698). + +114. _Two Poems Against Pope_: Leonard Welsted, _One Epistle to Mr. A. +Pope_ (1730), and Anonymous, _The Blatant Beast_ (1742). + + +=1965-1966= + +115. Daniel Defoe and others, _Accounts of the Apparition of Mrs. Veal_. + +116. Charles Macklin, _The Covent Garden Theatre_ (1752). + +117. Sir Roger L'Estrange, _Citt and Bumpkin_ (1680). + +118. Henry More, _Enthusiasmus Triumphatus_ (1662). + +119. Thomas Traherne, _Meditations on the Six Days of the Creation_ +(1717). + +120. Bernard Mandeville, _Aesop Dress'd or a Collection of Fables_ +(1740). + + +=1966-1967= + +123. Edmond Malone, _Cursory Observations on the Poems Attributed to +Mr. Thomas Rowley_ (1782). + +124. Anonymous, _The Female Wits_ (1704). + +125. Anonymous, _The Scribleriad_ (1742). Lord Hervey, _The Difference +Between Verbal and Practical Virtue_ (1742). + + +=1967-1968= + +129. Lawrence Echard, Prefaces to _Terence's Comedies_ (1694) and +_Plautus's Comedies_ (1694). + +130. Henry More, _Democritus Platonissans_ (1646). + +132. Walter Harte, _An Essay on Satire, Particularly on the Dunciad_ +(1730). + + +=1968-1969= + +133. John Courtenay, _A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral +Character of the Late Samuel Johnson_ (1786). + +134. John Downes, _Roscius Anglicanus_ (1708). + +135. Sir John Hill, _Hypochondriasis, a Practical Treatise_ (1766). + +136. Thomas Sheridan, _Discourse ... Being Introductory to His Course of +Lectures on Elocution and the English Language_ (1759). + +137. Arthur Murphy, _The Englishman From Paris_ (1736). + + +=1969-1970= + +138. [Catherine Trotter], _Olinda's Adventures_ (1718). + +139. John Ogilvie, _An Essay on the Lyric Poetry of the Ancients_ +(1762). + +140. _A Learned Dissertation on Dumpling_ (1726) and _Pudding Burnt to +Pot or a Compleat Key to the Dissertation on Dumpling_ (1727). + +141. Selections from Sir Roger L'Estrange's _Observator_ (1681-1687). + +142. Anthony Collins, _A Discourse Concerning Ridicule and Irony in +Writing_ (1729). + +143. _A Letter From A Clergyman to His Friend, With An Account of the +Travels of Captain Lemuel Gulliver_ (1726). + +144. _The Art of Architecture, A Poem. In Imitation of Horace's Art of +Poetry_ (1742). + + +=1970-1971= + +145-146. Thomas Shelton, _A Tutor to Tachygraphy, or Short-writing_ +(1642) and _Tachygraphy_ (1647). + +147-148. _Deformities of Dr. Samuel Johnson_ (1782). + +149. _Poeta de Tristibus: or, the Poet's Complaint_ (1682). + +150. Gerard Langbaine, _Momus Triumphans: or, the Plagiaries of the +English Stage_ (1687). + + +Publications of the first fifteen years of the Society (numbers 1-90) +are available in paperbound units of six issues at $16.00 per unit, from +the Kraus Reprint Company, 16 East 46th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. + +Publications in print are available at the regular membership rate of +$5.00 for individuals and $8.00 for institutions per year. Prices of +single issues may be obtained upon request. Subsequent publications may +be checked in the annual prospectus. + + + + + * * * * * + + THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + + WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK + MEMORIAL LIBRARY + + UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES + + 2520 Cimarron Street (at West Adams), Los Angeles, California 90018 + + * * * * * + + _Make check or money order payable to_ + + THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Are these Things So? 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