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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/38275-8.txt b/38275-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c8617b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/38275-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1942 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Are these Things So? (1740) The Great Man's +Answer to Are These things So: (1740), by Anonymous + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Are these Things So? (1740) The Great Man's Answer to Are These things So: (1740) + +Author: Anonymous + +Editor: Ian Gordon + +Release Date: December 11, 2011 [EBook #38275] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ARE THESE THINGS SO? (1740) *** + + + + +Produced by Tor Martin Kristiansen, Sharon Vaninger, Joseph +Cooper and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + +[Transcriber's Note: Apparent printer's errors retained.] + + + + + THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + + Are these Things So? + + 1740 + + THE GREAT MAN'S + ANSWER + TO + Are these Things So? + + (1740) + + _Introduction by_ + IAN GORDON + + PUBLICATION NUMBER 153 + WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK MEMORIAL LIBRARY + UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES + 1972 + + + + + GENERAL EDITORS + + William E. Conway, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + George Robert Guffey, University of California, Los Angeles + Maximillian E. Novak, University of California, Los Angeles + David S. Rodes, University of California, Los Angeles + + + ADVISORY EDITORS + + Richard C. Boys, University of Michigan + James L. Clifford, Columbia University + Ralph Cohen, University of Virginia + Vinton A. Dearing, University of California, Los Angeles + Arthur Friedman, University of Chicago + Louis A. Landa, Princeton University + Earl Miner, University of California, Los Angeles + Samuel H. Monk, University of Minnesota + Everett T. Moore, University of California, Los Angeles + Lawrence Clark Powell, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + James Sutherland, University College, London + H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., University of California, Los Angeles + Robert Vosper, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + Curt A. Zimansky, State University of Iowa + + + CORRESPONDING SECRETARY + + Edna C. Davis, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + + + EDITORIAL ASSISTANT + + Jean T. Shebanek, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + +The two pamphlets reproduced here belong to the fierce heightening in +the pamphlet campaign against Robert Walpole that took place at the end +of 1740. They represent only two efforts within a brief but furious +encounter that gave rise to the publication of no fewer than nine +separate poems. On Thursday, 23 October 1740, Thomas Cooper, "one of the +most prolific printers and publishers of the pamphlet literature of the +eighteenth century,"[1] published a savage denunciation of Walpole +called _Are these things so?_[2] This pamphlet, which took the fictional +form of an open letter from Alexander Pope, "An Englishman in his +Grotto," to Robert Walpole, "A Great Man at Court," set off a round of +verse writing among the party hacks of the day that vividly illustrates +the close relationship between literature and politics in the first half +of the eighteenth century. Within the space of two months eight further +pamphlets directly related to this pamphlet and to Walpole's position as +First Minister were published. Such a spate of literary activity is only +remarkable, however, when compared with other ages. While it is +inconceivable that the publication of any poem in our own day, even by a +major writer, should arouse such a response, it is reasonably typical of +the first half of the eighteenth century that the publication of an +occasional poem by a minor, indeed anonymous, writer should do so. + +On Saturday, 8 November, two weeks after the opening blast, Cooper +delivered a second volley, an equally fierce (although largely +repetitive) denunciation of Walpole entitled _Yes, they are:_.[3] A week +later still, on Saturday, 15 November, the first pro-Government riposte, +called _What of That!_, was published,[4] followed three days later, on +18 November, by a second reply, _The Weather-Menders: A proper Answer to +Are these things so?_[5] The second edition of _What of That!_ was +published on the following Saturday, 22 November,[6] and a third +pro-Walpole poem entitled _They are Not_, was also published at about +this time.[7] At the end of November, or early in December, a reply to +all three of these defences of Walpole appeared carrying the title, +_Have at you All_.[8] On Tuesday, 2 December, the pro-Walpole forces +returned to the attack again with a poem entitled _What Things?_[9] This +was followed on Saturday, 6 December, by the second edition, "corrected, +with the addition of twenty lines omitted in the former impressions" of +_Are these things so?_,[10] and on Thursday, 18 December, by yet another +anti-Walpole poem, _The Great Man's Answer_[11] purporting to be "by the +author of _Are these things so?_." But the pro-Walpole forces were still +not silenced and two days later on Saturday, 20 December, published _A +Supplement to Are these things so?_,[12] an attack on the Patriot +opponents of the Ministry. A month later still, on Friday, 23 January +1741,[13] the third edition of _They are Not_ was published. Hereafter +this particular controversy seemed to burn itself out, although an +anonymous poem entitled _The Art of Poetry_, published on 17 March 1741, +contains a long attack on _Are these things so?_. + +This confused battle is most easily summarized by saying that four +separate pamphlets (not counting second and third editions) were +published which attacked Walpole, and five which defended him. The poems +attacking Walpole are far more poetically versatile than those defending +him and it is the two most interesting of these attacks that are +reproduced here. Taken together, this series of nine pamphlets forms a +separate battle within that much larger and continuing war waged by Lord +Bolingbroke and the various supporters of the Patriot Opposition against +Sir Robert Walpole and the defenders of his Whig Ministry. From the +first publication of _The Craftsman_ on 5 December 1726 to the final +resignation of the "Great Man" on 11 February 1742 it is probably true +to say that no English politician has ever been so continuously and so +virulently attacked by so eminent an assemblage of literary persons. Gay, +Swift, Pope, Arbuthnot, Chesterfield, Lyttleton, Thomson, Fielding, and +Johnson each entered the fray at various stages. The fact that Walpole +rode out these attacks for so long is more of a comment on the +disorganized nature of the opposition politically and on the astute +manoeuvring of Walpole himself, than on the ineffectiveness of the +attacks. + +During the protracted span of this campaign there were only two periods +during which the supporters of the Patriot cause had any real chance of +toppling Walpole. The first came in 1733 when sustained opposition +forced Walpole to drop his proposed Excise Scheme, while the second +occurred five years later in 1738 and sprang from a new deterioration in +Anglo-Spanish relations. Although Walpole did not finally resign until +11 February 1742 his fall from power was a direct result of this +deterioration. His position in the House of Commons, and in the country +at large, was never as assured in the last four years of his "reign" as +it had been in the first seventeen. + +The pamphlets reproduced here deal with Walpole's declining reputation +and especially with his handling of Spanish policy. The causes of the +English differences with Spain go back to 1713 and the Treaty of Utrecht +in which the South Sea Company had been granted, amongst other +privileges, the right to send one trading vessel a year to the Spanish +possessions.[14] This right had been grossly abused by English merchants +eager to make large profits and a great number of English trading ships +annually smuggled goods to Spanish America. The Spanish governors were +only too pleased to accept such contraband trade for by it they avoided +payment of duties to the King of Spain. In order to defend themselves +against this illegal traffic the Spanish authorities established a fleet +of _guarda-costas_ to intercept, search, and, if necessary, punish the +English ships. The _guarda-costas_ did this with great effect and, on +occasion, with considerable cruelty. The most notorious example +concerned the capture, near Jamaica in 1731, of Captain Robert Jenkins' +ship, the _Rebecca_, and the ensuing removal of one of Jenkins' ears. It +was with Jenkins' presentation of this ear, which "wrapt up in cotton, +he always carried about him,"[15] before the House of Commons seven years +later in March 1738 that Anglo-Spanish differences came to a head. + +The Patriots demanded war and revenge: Walpole, however, was committed +to a policy of peace. Accordingly, he spent the rest of the year trying +to patch things up and the ill-fated Convention of Pardo concluded on 14 +January 1739 was the result. The Convention involved compromise on both +sides. England claimed that Spain owed her £343,277 by way of reparation +for damages done to English vessels, and Spain claimed that England owed +her £180,000 by way of arrears on duties due to the King of Spain. This +left a balance of £163,277 and England agreed to accept £95,000 as a +total discharge in return for payment within four months.[16] + +On 1 February Walpole laid this Convention before Parliament, and, +despite vociferous opposition, it was eventually ratified on 9 March by +a vote of 244 to 214. As a result of this ratification a considerable +section of the opposition, under the leadership of Sir William Wyndham, +immediately seceded from Parliament. Feelings had never been higher. On +15 May, one day after the payment had fallen due, Benjamin Keene, the +British Minister in Madrid, was officially informed that the £95,000 +would only be paid if Admiral Haddock removed his fleet from the +Mediterranean. England had no intention of recalling Haddock, for both +Gibraltar and Minorca would then remain defenceless, and Spain clearly +had no real intention of paying the money. From this point on war became +inevitable and on 19 October 1739 the declaration was made "and was +received by all ranks and distinctions of men with a degree of +enthusiasm and joy, which announced the general frenzy of the +nation."[17] It was on hearing the church bells pealing at the news that +Walpole made his famous remark: "They now ring the bells, but they will +soon wring their hands."[18] + +One month later, on 22 November, Admiral Vernon captured Porto Bello, +the port in which the _guarda-costas_ had been fitted out. The news +of this victory did not arrive in England until nearly four months later +on 13 March 1740, but it brought with it great public excitement and +jubilation. Thus by the end of 1740 the revenge on the Spanish had +begun. Those who had demanded war seemed justified and Walpole had been +discredited. This is the political background against which these +pamphlets are set. + + * * * * * + +Both pamphlets have been attributed to James Miller, but the evidence +for such attribution is cumulative rather than definitive.[19] _Are +these things so?_ has been far more frequently attributed to Miller +than _The Great Man's Answer_. The earliest attribution is found in +D. E. Baker's _Biographia Dramatica_ which, although it was not +published till 1812, was originally compiled by Baker sometime before +1764.[20] Robert Watt also lists _Are these things so?_ as Miller's +work in his _Bibliotheca Britannica_, Edinburgh, 1824.[21] The entries +under Miller in the _CBEL_ and _DNB_ both accept these attributions as +does the _British Museum Catalogue_. The evidence for attributing _The +Great Man's Answer_ to Miller is far more slender and rests largely on +the publisher's claim on the title page, which may well have been made +for the sake of promotion, that it is "By the Author of _Are these +things so?_". + +James Miller, 1706-1744, is better known as a comic dramatist than as a +poet. He was the son of a clergyman from Upcerne in Dorset, and was +educated at Wadham College, Oxford, where he wrote a comedy, _The +Humours of Oxford_, which was successfully performed at Drury Lane in +January 1730. On leaving Oxford he had been expected by his relations to +go into business, but "not being able to endure the servile drudgery it +demanded," he took holy orders and continued to write plays "to increase +his finances."[22] From 1730 until his death in 1744 he wrote ten plays, +several of which were performed with considerable success.[23] + +But it is as a poet that we are primarily interested in Miller. He was +the author of several occasional poems of which his _Harlequin Horace, +or the Art of Modern Poetry_, 1731, was the best known. This poem, yet +another imitation of Horace's _Ars Poetica_ is an attack on John Rich, +the manager of Lincoln's Inn Fields and Covent-Garden. The poem is +ironically full of perverse modern advice on how to write poetry. Miller +adopts the persona of a modern Grub Street poet who scorns the classical +values. Consequently Pope, who insists on standards of excellence, is +seen by the persona as the great enemy of modern poets. At the same time +it is quite clear that for Miller himself Pope is the greatest of poets. +The poem includes an attack on Walpole (ll. 209-216), and perhaps it was +this that led the agents of the Ministry to make him the large offer +referred to in the biography of Miller found in Cibber's _Lives_. But, +as the anonymous writer of this life goes on to point out, Miller "had +virtue sufficient to withstand the temptation, though his circumstances +at that time were far from being easy."[24] + +A second verse satire in the manner of Horace, _Seasonable Reproof_, +1735, has also been attributed to Miller. The poem is a general satire +on Britain's "State of Reprobation," and only makes a passing glance at +Walpole. London has been so forsaken by people all rushing to the +Italian opera that + + By _Excisemen_, it might now be taken, + And great Sir _Bob_ ride through, and save his Bacon (ll. 6-7). + +But more significant in our context is that, as Maynard Mack has shown, +the author creates a speaker "who by his careful echoings of the +_Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot_ seems to labor to be mistaken for Pope."[25] + +If Miller was the author of both _Seasonable Reproof_ and _Are these +things so?_ his fascination with the persona of the poet in his grotto +emerges as no sudden whim of wit, but as a continuing concern with the +symbolic significance of Pope's actual life. Furthermore, the poet who +attacked Walpole so violently in October 1740 emerges as no upstart +Patriot cashing in on Walpole's current unpopularity, but as a +consistent and courageous opponent of Walpole since at least 1731. + + * * * * * + +In _Are these things so?_ Pope is imagined to be speaking throughout, +although he in turn imagines what Walpole might say at various points. +The poem is full of allusions and references intended to support the +pretense that Pope is speaking. In line eight the speaker says his +luxury is "lolling in my peaceful Grot"; in lines fifteen and sixteen +he echoes Pope's famous claim in _To Fortescue_ that he is "TO VIRTUE +ONLY and HER FRIENDS, A FRIEND,"[26] when he says: + + Close shut my Cottage-Gate, where none pretends + To lift the Latch but Virtue and her Friends; + +and in lines seventeen and eighteen he shows that he knew Walpole had +once visited Pope at Twickenham.[27] + +These allusions to Pope's actual life have been carefully chosen by the +author in order to give dramatic credibility to his chosen spokesman +rather than to persuade the reader that Pope was the real author. The +impersonation of Pope is meant to be transparent: the poet is +demonstrating his versatility at imitating Pope and has considerable fun +in doing so. The only evidence that could be brought in to support an +interpretation that stressed the author's serious intent to make Pope +seem the real author concerns a Dublin reprint of the poem that actually +carried Pope's name as author on the title page. But it is extremely +unlikely that the true author had anything to do with this since the +Dublin publisher did not even bother to incorporate the corrections and +additions that the poet had made to the second edition. + +To point out that the device of creating a spokesman is meant to be seen +through is not the same thing, however, as saying that the author could +afford to admit his authorship. There were good reasons why the author +of a poem that was primarily an attack on the First Minister, and who +was himself probably without any great influence or reputation, should +need to hide the fact of his authorship. For such a person the choice of +Pope as spokesman could hardly have been more appropriate.[28] + +In May and July 1738 Pope had published his devastating attacks on the +state of the country known as _The Epilogue to the Satires_. On 31 +January 1739 Paul Whitehead published his attack on the artificialities +and disguises of Walpole's Ministry and the Court favourites in a poem +(which Boswell refers to as "brilliant and pointed"[29]) called +_Manners: A Satire_. At this point the government decided that it was +time they attempted to stop, or at least stem, these attacks. They were +not keen to confront Pope himself, but Whitehead presented a less +formidable opponent.[30] Consequently, in February 1739, he and his +publisher Robert Dodsley were summoned before the bar of the House of +Lords to account for the attacks on named individuals in _Manners_. On +Monday, 12 February, the poem "was voted scandalous, etc. by the Lords, +and the author and publisher ordered into custody, where Mr. Dodsley, +the publisher, was a week; but Mr. Paul Whitehead, the author, +absconds."[31] Whitehead anticipated this summons when he wrote in the +poem: + + _Pope_ writes unhurt--but know, 'tis different quite + To beard the lion, and to crush the mite. + Safe may he dash the Statesman in each line, + Those dread his satire, who dare punish mine (p. 15). + +Pope was then the ideal spokesman for our author's purposes: the mite +must dress up as the lion. It was admittedly almost two years since +Whitehead's original summons, but the incident was well enough +remembered to spur a gossip columnist writing in _The Daily Gazetteer_ +on 11 November 1740 to suggest that Whitehead was the author of _Are +these things so?_ Whitehead, too, evidently felt the danger of the +situation for he deemed it necessary to publish a denial four days +later.[32] + +In choosing Pope for his spokesman the author of _Are these things so?_ +showed a full awareness of the political realities. He also showed a +detailed familiarity with Pope's life and work. There is nothing, +however, to indicate that such knowledge was reciprocal, or even to +indicate that Pope knew of the poem's existence. The only evidence that +Pope knew anything about Miller's work, if indeed Miller was the author, +comes in a letter Pope wrote to Caryll on 6 February 1731 in which he +praises _Harlequin Horace_ although he does not seem to know the +author's name.[33] + +_Are these things so?_ opens with Pope challenging Walpole to explain +why Britain has fallen as low as she has and why France and Spain have +been allowed "to limit out her sea." Walpole is then imagined defending +his measures, especially the Excise Scheme, the Convention of Pardo, +Placement and the Secret Service. In the second half of the poem the +satirist repeats the charges and invites Walpole to turn his eyes inward +and imagine that he dies guilty. Pope then begs Walpole to resign and, +failing that, begs the King to intervene. The poem closes in a positive +way by turning from Walpole and listing other persons (all members of +the Opposition) that George II might appoint to a new Ministry. + +In the first edition (23 October) these persons were given fictitious +names. The second edition (6 December) not only substituted their real +names but also added twenty lines at the end which included Cobham and +Argyle in the list of worthies. It is this edition, which carries an +Advertisement explaining these changes, that we have reproduced here. + +Finally it seems helpful to append a few notes to help identify some of +the allusions. In line 63 (p. 4) the "ONE more noble than the rest" is +presumably Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke who was stripped of his +title by Act of Attainder in 1725. In line 73 (p. 5) the "brave and +honest _Adm'ral_" is Vernon who captured Porto Bello on 22 November +1739. The "_sturdy Beggars_" mentioned in line 100 (p. 6), was the +appelation used by Walpole in referring to the mob outside the door of +Parliament on 14 March 1733, and was taken up by the Opposition as +pertaining to all the merchants and individuals opposed to the +Excise.[34] In line 129 (p. 8) the "C--n----n" is the Convention of Pardo +described earlier in this introduction. In line 139 (p. 8) the "BROTHER" +referred to is Horatio Walpole who was a frequent ambassador abroad for +Robert Walpole's government. In line 218 (p. 12) "HE whose _Fame_ to +both the Poles is known" is George II. + +The persons named at the end of the poem as possible replacements for +Walpole are all persons who were at one time members of the Whig party +but who had joined the opposition because of their dislike for Walpole. +John Carteret, Earl Granville (ll. 231-236, p. 13, and referred to as +Camillus in the first edition), had a long struggle with Walpole for +control of the Whig party and joined the Opposition Whigs after he +returned from the lord lieutenancy of Ireland in 1730. It was Carteret +who was to move the unsuccessful resolution on 13 February 1741, +requesting the King to remove Walpole from his "presence and counsels +for ever." William Pulteney, Earl of Bath (ll. 237-242, p. 13, and +referred to as Demosthenes in the first edition) was also an early ally +of Walpole's who later broke with him to form the Patriot party. He +became one of the editors of _The Craftsman_. Philip Stanhope, Earl of +Chesterfield (ll. 243-245, p. 13, and referred to as Atticus in the +first edition) was also a lifelong Whig who joined Carteret in leading +the opposition to Walpole in the Lords. Hugh Hume, Lord Polwarth and +Earl of Marchmont (ll. 246-257, p. 14, and referred to as "that fam'd +_Caledonian Youth_" in the first edition), had been a persistent and +relentless opponent of Walpole in the Commons, but on the death of his +father in February 1740 had acceded to the Earldom of Marchmont and been +unable to get elected as a representative peer. Although twenty years +younger than Pope (he was only 32 in 1740) he became a close friend and +was appointed an executor of his will. Pope refers to his friendship in +his _Verses on a Grotto_: "And the bright Flame was shot thro' +MARCHMONT'S Soul."[35] Sir Richard Temple, Viscount Cobham (ll. 258-261, +p. 14), was also a staunch Whig who broke with Walpole and joined the +Patriots. He, too, was an intimate friend of Pope's who addressed the +first moral essay to him and praised his famous gardens at Stowe in the +fourth. John Campbell, Duke of Argyle (ll. 262-265, pp. 14-15) was a +distinguished soldier who joined the Opposition during the discussion of +Spanish affairs. Both Pope and Thomson had celebrated his eloquence, and +ll. 262-263 here are a direct recollection of lines 86-87 in Pope's +_Epilogue to the Satires: Dialogue II_: + + ARGYLE, the State's whole Thunder born to wield, + And shake alike the Senate and the Field. + +With the exception of Carteret each of the persons named at the end of +the poem was either an acquaintance or a close friend of Pope's. We have +here one last example of the remarkable degree to which the author of +this pamphlet had assimilated the true facts of Pope's life into his +fictional re-creation. + + * * * * * + +According to the title page, _The Great Man's Answer_ is by the same +author as _Are these things so?_. Once again the setting is Pope's +grotto, but this time the poet engages Walpole in a direct dialogue. The +poem begins with the poet being disturbed in his retreat by someone +"thundering at the gate." It is Walpole who has come to answer the +questions asked in _Are these things so?_. He maintains that Britain has +not fallen as low as Pope claims and that the Honour of the Fleet is +still intact. He defends his handling of Parliament, his fiscal +policies, his appointment of Placemen and Pensioners, his attitude to +Commerce, and the self-aggrandisement involved in many of his contracts. +These defences, which only bring out a severer irony in Pope, lead up to +Walpole's version of his own epitaph in contrast to that given him in +_Are these things so?_. Where Pope had stressed his role as the +grave-digger of British Liberty, Walpole sees himself as the healer of +factions. Finally he falls back on his ultimate weapon of bribery. But +his offers of money, pension, place, title, and honour are turned down +by the poet with increasing scorn, and the poem ends with appropriate +focus on Pope' incorruptibility. + +The following notes are offered to help with the topical allusions.[36] +The poem opens with Pope directing his servant, John Serle (l. 7, p. 1), +to see who is thundering at his gate. This is a playful allusion to the +famous opening of _An Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot_ where Serle had been +urged to an exactly opposite course of action. The "_Gazetteer_ Abuse" +scornfully mentioned by Pope (l. 37, p. 3) is a reference to _The Daily +Gazetteer_, a pro-Government newspaper which ran from 30 June 1735-20 +June 1745. The incomplete words, "Se--s" (l. 66, p. 4) and "P------ts!" +(l. 79, p. 5) refer to Senates and Parliaments respectively. Walpole's +claim (l. 89, p. 5) that "_Gin_ would then be drank without control" +refers to the government's Gin Act of 1736, which placed an excise of +five shillings a gallon on gin. His later claim that there would be "No +_License_ on the _Press_, or on the _Stage_" (l. 98, p. 6) refers to the +Stage Licensing Act of 1737, which placed the theatre under the control +of the Lord Chamberlain. + +For Pope's ironic application of the epithet "sturdy" (l. 164, p. 9) to +the London Merchants see the notes to _Are these things so?_. Pope's +mention of "_Angria_" (l. 204, p. 11) is a comparison of Walpole to a +Mahrattan pirate chief of the early part of the century. Walpole's +introduction to his own epitaph, "They _best_ can speak it, who will +_feel_ it most" (l. 223, p. 12) is an allusion to Pope's _Eloisa to +Abelard_ (l. 366): "He best can paint 'em who shall feel 'em most." + + UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO + London, Ontario, Canada + + +NOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION + +[1] H. R. Plomer, _A Dictionary of the Printers and Booksellers Who Were +at Work in England. 1726-1775_ (Oxford, 1932), p. 61. + +[2] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, 23 October 1740. +"This Day is Published. Are these things so? The previous question from +an Englishman in his Grotto, to a Great Man at Court." + +[3] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, 8 November 1740. +"This Day is Published. Yes, they are: Being an answer to Are these +things so?" + +[4] _The Daily Gazetteer_, 15 November 1740. "This Day is Published. +What of That! Occasioned by a Pamphlet intituled Are these things so? +And its Answer, Yes, They are:" + +[5] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, 17 November 1740. +"Tomorrow will be published. The Weather-Menders. A proper Answer to Are +these things so? By Mr. Spiltimber." + +[6] _The Daily Gazetteer_, 22 November 1740. "This Evening will be +Published; The Second Edition of What of That!" + +[7] I have been unable to find an advertisement for this pamphlet, but +it must have been published at the end of November or very early in +December since _Have at you All_ (see following footnote) lists it as +one of the pamphlets it is replying to. + +[8] _The London Magazine_, December 1740. The Monthly Catalogue. Item +13. "Have at you all. By the Author of Yes they are." + +This listing can only be taken as giving a terminal date. The pamphlet +may well have been published in late November. _Are these things so?_, +for example, is listed in the Monthly Catalogue for November. + +[9] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, 1 December 1740. +"Tomorrow, at Noon, will be published. What Things? or, An Impartial +Inquiry What Things are so, and What Things are not so. Occasion'd by +two late Poems, the one entitled Are these things so? And the other +entitled Yes, they are." + +[10] _The Daily Post_, 6 December 1740. "This Day is Published. (The +Second Edition, corrected; with the Addition of twenty lines omitted in +the former Impressions) Are these things so? The previous question from +an Englishman in his Grotto to a Great Man at Court." + +[11] _The Daily Post_, 18 December 1740. "This Day is Published. The +Great Man's Answer. In a Dialogue between his Honour and the Englishman +in his Grotto. By the author of Are these things so?" + +[12] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, 20 December 1740. +"This Day is Published. A Supplement to a late excellent Poem, entitled +Are these things so?" + +[13] _The Daily Post_, 23 January 1741. "This Day is Published. The +Third Edition. They are Not." + +[14] At the same time the South Sea Company agreed to pay a duty of 25% +on all profits to the King of Spain. It was the question of the payment +of this duty for illegal trips that became the basis of Spain's later +claim for reparation. These details are taken from William Coxe, +_Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of +Orford_, 3 vols. (London, 1798), I, 589. + +[15] Coxe, I, 579. + +[16] These figures are taken from H.W.V. Temperley, "Chapter II, The Age +of Walpole and the Pelhams," _The Cambridge Modern History_, ed. A. W. +Ward, G. W. Prothero, and Stanley Leathes (Cambridge, 1909), VI, 66. + +[17] Coxe, I, 617. + +[18] Coxe, I, 618 _n_. + +[19] I have been unable to do any more to settle the authorship and have +had to be content here with presenting the evidence. + +[20] D. E. Baker, I. Reed, and S. Jones, _Biographia Dramatica_, 3 vols. +(London, 1812), I, ii, 512-515. + +[21] Robert Watt, _Bibliotheca Britannica_, 4 vols. (Edinburgh, 1824), +II, 670. + +[22] Most of the details in this brief biography, including these +quotations, are taken from "The Life of the Revd. Mr. James Millar," +_The Lives of the Poets of Great-Britain and Ireland_, By Mr. +Theophilus Cibber, and other hands (London, 1753), V, 332-334. + +[23] One of these, _The Man of Taste_, 1735, has sometimes been +mistakenly confused with a pamphlet written three years earlier, _Mr. +Taste, The Poetical Fop_, which viciously attacked Pope. See James T. +Hillhouse, "The Man of Taste," _MLN_, XLIII (1928), 174-176. There is no +evidence that Miller ever attacked Pope and, indeed, his political and +literary sympathies put him strongly on Pope's side. + +[24] Cibber, p. 333. + +[25] Maynard Mack, _The Garden and the City_ (Toronto, 1969), p. 190. +Mack is the first critic to pay any attention to these pamphlets and +this reprint is largely offered to supplement his illuminating and +suggestive book. + +[26] A. Pope, _The First Satire of the Second Book of Horace Imitated_ +(London, 1733), l. 121. It is perhaps interesting to note that according +to J. V. Guerinot, _Pamphlet Attacks on Alexander Pope 1711-1744_ +(London, 1969), p. xlviii, "No other line more infuriated the dunces, +it was for them Pope's ultimate hypocrisy." + +[27] Walpole visited Pope sometime in the summer of 1725. See Pope's +letter to Fortescue, 23 September 1725. _The Correspondence of Alexander +Pope_, ed. G. Sherburn (Oxford, 1956), II, 323. + +[28] For a full account of the ways in which Pope's actual retired life +in his Twickenham villa, garden, and grotto became, in the 1730's, +emblematic of the ideal of cultivated virtue, see Maynard Mack, _The +Garden and the City_, especially Chapter VI. According to Mack, Pope +becomes "spiritual patron of the poetical opposition to Walpole" +(p. 190). + +[29] James Boswell, _Life of Johnson_, ed. R. W. Chapman (Oxford, 1953), +p. 91. + +[30] This assumption is based on Johnson's comment in his life of Pope +that "the whole process was probably intended rather to intimidate Pope +than to punish Whitehead." S. Johnson, _Lives of the English Poets_, ed. +G. Birkbeck Hill (Oxford, 1905), III, 181. + +[31] _The Gentleman's Magazine_, IX, 104. + +[32] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, Saturday, 15 +November 1740. "WHEREAS it has been generally reported that I am the +Author of a Poem, lately publish'd, entitled ARE THESE THINGS SO? I +think it necessary to assure the Public, that the said Report is without +any Foundation, being entirely a Stranger both to that Piece and the +Author of it. P. Whitehead." + +[33] "There is just now come out another imitation of the same original +[_Ars Poetica_], _Harlequin Horace_, which has a good deal of humour." +Sherburn, III, 173. + +[34] See _Fog's Weekly Journal_, 14 April 1733. + +[35] For an account of the publication of these verses see Mack, p. 70, +_n_. 1. + +[36] It should be noted that the pamphlet is full of typographical +errors. Lines 104-106, p. 6, should be prefixed by "G.M.," since +Walpole must be the speaker, as should the last two lines in the poem, +lines 251-252, p. 13. Page ten mistakenly carries the number twelve at +the top of the page. + + + + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE + + +The facsimiles of _Are these things so?_ (1740; the Second Edition, +corrected; 163.n.57) and of _The Great Man's Answer_ (1740; 11630.h.50) +are reproduced from copies in the British Museum by kind permission +of the Trustees. + + + + + Are these Things So? + + THE + PREVIOUS QUESTION, + FROM AN + ENGLISHMAN in his GROTTO, + TO A + GREAT MAN at COURT. + +_Lusisti Satis, edisti Satis, atque_[A] _bibisti_, +TEMPUS ABIRE TIBI----Horat. + + The Second Edition corrected: + +With the Addition of Twenty Lines omitted in the +former Impressions. + + _LONDON:_ + + Printed for T. Cooper, at the _Globe_ in _Paternoster-Row_. + MDCCXL. + +[A] Some great and erudite Criticks, instead of _Bibisti_, read +Bribisti in this Place. Which of the two is the most applicable, +our Querist does not pretend to determine. + + + + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + Are these Things So? + + The Second Edition. + + With great Additions and Corrections. + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + (Price One Shilling.) + + + + +ADVERTISEMENT. + + +The first Publication of the following Poem having +been entrusted to the Care of the Printer, it came, +thro' either his Ignorance or Timorousness, +extremely mutilated, and incorrect from the Press. +The twenty last Lines were left out, which made the +Conclusion very abrupt, and in a great measure +destroy'd the Intention, as well as Unity, of the +whole Piece. The Characters of some great +Personages were entirely omitted, and fictitious +Names placed to others, instead of the real ones +inserted by the Author, who was always of Opinion, +that deserved Praise, as well as just Satire, +should disdain a Mask. As to the Pointing, it was +false in almost every Line, and there were many +Words either mis-plac'd or mis-spell'd in almost +every Page. Notwithstanding its appearing under +these many Disadvantages, the Public were pleas'd +to shew their Approbation of it in general, and to +give it such a generous and uncommon Reception, +that a large Number were obliged to be printed off, +to supply the present Demand, before there was +Leisure to restore or correct any thing. The +following Edition was at length undertaken by the +Author Himself, and is entirely agreeable to the +Manuscript which he at first put into the Hands of +the Printer. + + + + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + Are these Things So? + + THE + PREVIOUS QUESTION, + From an ENGLISHMAN in his GROTTO, + To a GREAT MAN at COURT. + + + Dead to the World's each Scene of Pomp or Care, + Wrapp'd up in Apathy to all that's there; + My sole _Ambition_ o'er myself to reign, + My _Avarice_ to make each Hour a Gain; + My _Scorn_--the Threats or Favours of a Crown, + A Prince's Whisper, or a Tyrant's Frown; + My _Pride_--forgetting and to be forgot; + My _Lux'ry_--lolling in my peaceful Grot. + All Rancour, Party, Pique, expung'd my Mind, + Free or to _laugh_ at, or _lament_ Mankind; + Here my calm Hours I with the Wise employ, + And the great _Greek_, or _Roman_ Sage enjoy; + Or, gayly bent, the Mirth-fraught Page peruse, + Or, pensive, keep a _Fast-Day_ with the Muse. + Close shut my Cottage-Gate, where none pretends + To lift the Latch, but Virtue and her Friends; + Tho' pardon me--a Word, Sir, in your Ear, + Once, _long ago_, I think I saw You here. + + Yet to the World, all Hermit as I live, + From all its vain Regards a Fugitive; + Still in my Breast my _Country_ claims a Part, + And Love of _Britain_ clings about my Heart: + Then tell me, Sir, for You, 'tis said, best know, + Is She, as Fame reports her, _fall'n so low_? + Is _She_, who for so many Ages rode + _Unquestion'd_ Monarch of the _Water-Flood_; + Whose freighted Barks were hail'd in ev'ry Zone, + And made each _India's_ envy'd Wealth her own; + Protected still by such a Guardian Force, + That were they e'er molested in their Course, + Sure _Vengeance_ on th' Aggressor straight was pour'd, + Unless _Seven-fold_ was for the Wrong restor'd? + Is She now sunk to such _low Degree_, + That _Gaul_ or _Spain_ must _limit_ out her _Sea_? + That She must ask _what Winds_ her Sails shall fill, + And steer by _Bounty_ who once steer'd _at Will_? + Whilst the vast _Navies_ rais'd for her Support, + _Nod_ on the _Main_, or _rot_ before the _Port_; + With Hands _ty'd up_ vain _Menaces_ retail, + Or try by meek _Perswasion_ to prevail? + + And is there--_What!_--So many _Millions_ gone, + So _many_,--Heavens! yet nothing, _nothing_ done? + Do then her Pow'rs this drowsy Sabbath keep? + Is there no Trump will rouse 'em from their Sleep? + Are they, quite lost to Empire and Renown, + Bemus'd at Home, or sunk in _foreign Down_? + Or, is it true, what Fame pretends to say, + That You, Sir, are the _Author_ of To-day? + That You're the fatal Cause of _Britain_'s Shame, + The _Spend-thrift_ of her Freedom and her Fame? + That _Albion_'s Sons are, by your Arts, become + The _Dupes_ of Foreigners, and _Slaves_ of Home; + That her fam'd S--te, on whose sage Debate, + And _free_ Resolves, depended _Europe_'s Fate, + Now meanly on your Nod _dependent_ sit, + And _Yea_ or _No_ but just as you think fit; + Nay, that the _Chiefs_ of even _Levi's Tribe_, + Bow down to you, the _Converts_ of a _Bribe_? + Whilst our trim _Warriors_, deaf to Honour's Call, + Now wage no War but in the Senate-Hall; + There wait your _Generalissimo_ Command, + To fight _your_ Battles 'gainst the Patriot Band? + + And that should One more noble than the rest, + Disdain to truckle to your high Behest, + Speak what he thinks, and freely plead the Cause + Of _Britain's_ Commerce, Liberty, and Laws; + Exert his Pow'r to check Corruption's Swing, + And serve, at _once_, his Country and his King, + His _dang'rous_ Virtues are discarded straight, + As sure as they are Vertues of your Hate; + Stripp'd of all Honour, Dignity, and Rule, + To cloath some _Kindred_ Oaf, or _Titled_ Tool. + + Or should a brave and honest _Adm'ral_ dare + To make one Conquest tho' in Time of War, + Without _your Leave_ to risk a vig'rous Blow, + And shew what _Britons_, if they _might_, could do, + Whilst ev'ry raptur'd Voice resounds his Praise, + And grateful Hands triumphal Columns raise, + Your venal Scribes are order'd all they can + To _lessen_ and _prophane_ the _godlike Man_. + + That thus the _Fountain_ of _Britannia's_ Health, + _Source_ of her Grandeur, Liberty, and Wealth, + Polluted by your _all-corrupting_ Hand, + With rank Infection deluges the Land; + Parent at once of _Want_ and _Luxury_, + Of open Rapine and dark Treachery; + The Knaves _Elixir_, and the Just Man's _Bane_, + _Food_ to the _Locust_, _Mildew_ to the _Swain_; + Pouring on those who once in _Goshen_ dwelt; + More deadly Plagues than _Ægypt_ ever felt, + And _worse_ than _Israel's heaviest_ Task inflicts + Tho' _gone_ our _Straw_ yet claiming _double Bricks_ + Whilst _Commerce_ flies before th' oppressive Weight, + And seeks in _Gaul_ a more indulgent Fate; + Where, Shame to _Britain_! the fair Stranger Guest + Is hail'd with Raptures, and her _Wrongs_ redress'd. + + "What then?" I'm told you say, "we nothing lose, + "If they've our Commerce we've their wooden Shoes; + "And since our _Merchants_ are so _fancy_ grown, + "'Tis Time to pull _sturdy Beggars_ down; + "They mutiny'd for _War_, and _War_ they have, + "But _such a one_ that soon a _Peace_ they'll crave; + "_Peace_ shall be Theirs, but _such a Peace_, that then + "They'll curse their Prayers and wish for War again; + "Thus pois'ning to 'em what they ask as best, + "I'll ruin 'em by _granting_ their Request. + + Are these Things so? Or is it Fiction all? + A _sland'rous Picture_ drawn in Soot and Gall? + Offspring of Disappointment or Disgrace, + Of Those who _want_ or who have _lost_ a _Place_? + If so, why lives the Scandal? up for Shame, + Confront your Foes, and vindicate your Fame; + For, trust me Sir, to wink at such Offence, + Rather proclaims a _Fear_ than _Innocence_; + "No one is guilty 'till he's guilty prou'd---- + Come then, be this wild Clamour strait remov'd; + In _conscious Justice_ cloath'd assert your Right, + Shake off this Load of Obloquy and Spite, + Like _Samuel_ dauntless cry, _Lo here I am_! + "Witness against me if I'm ought to blame. + "Before the Lord and his Anointed say + "Whose _Rights_ or _Honours_ have I ta'en away? + "Whom, speak, have I _defrauded_ or _oppress_'d, + "Or ever pilfer'd _Forage_ from whose Beast? + "Of what vile _Contract_ was I e'er the Scribe, + "Or of whose Hands have I receiv'd a _Bribe_? + "What _Scheme_ did ever I at Home propose + "But whence some _nameless_ Profit would have rose? + "Or what _C--n----n_ e're devise abroad + "But such as _Britain_'s Se--e did applaud? + "What of my _Country_'s Money e'er bestow'd + "Except in _secret Service_ for her Good? + "Or what _Incumbrance_ on her _Commerce_ laid, + "But for th' Increase of _our_ Revenues made? + "In my dear Country's Service now _grown gray_ + "_Spotless_ I've walk'd before you to this Day + "My Thoughts laid out my precious Time all spent + "In the hard _Slavery_ of _Government_; + "My Brother too the _fruitless_ Bondage shares, + "And all your _Peace_ is owing to his Cares, + "Girding his Loins he Travels far and near + "And brings home some _rare Treaty_ ev'ry Year. + "You have my Sons too with you who bow down + "Beneath the weighty Service of the Crown; + "My Cousins and their Cousins too--hard Fate! + "Are _loaded_ with the Offices of State; + "And not _one Soul_ of all my Kindred's free + "From _sharing_ in the Public Drudgery: + + "Why then these Shafts of Calumny you throw, + "This groundless _Odium_ cast on all I do? + "Speak out with Freedom what you have to say, + "Aside all _Influence_, _Pow'r_, and _Skreen_ I lay, } + "And put my Conduct on the Proof To-day. } + This Sir, if you dare stand the Inquest, do, + And then if you've but _Samuel_'s _Answer_ too, + If all this heavy Charge is void of Ground, + And by the _publick Voice_ you're _guiltless_ found, + Resume your Power, with Terrors arm'd go forth, + And blast the Villains that traduc'd your Worth; + Who basely durst your Righteous Course Arraign, + And Soil the Glory's of great _Brunswick_'s Reign. + + But if you _know_ your Cause is not the _best_ + Know that you have Defrauded and Oppress'd, + That you have ta'en and giv'n many a Bribe, + And of a _wicked Contract_ been the Scribe. + That you _have_ pilfer'd _Forage_ from the Beast, + And with the _Publick Wealth_ your _own_ encreas'd; + That a dire _Scheme_ you laid t' _Excise_ the Land, + And to a vile C--v----n set your Hand; + That you've _Monopoliz'd_ each Post and Place, + To aggrandize your self and _Mushroom_ Race, + That all your Kindred--Brother, Sons, and Cousins, + Have _Titles_ and _Employments_ by the _Dozens_; + And for as many _Sidesmen_ as are wanted, + _New Places_ are contriv'd, _new Pensions_ granted. + If you are travell'd in these _crooked_ Ways + With a long Train of black _et Cetera's_; + Whilst the _whole Nation_ loaths your very Name, + And Babes and Sucklings your _Dispraise_ proclaim; + Turn your Eyes inward, on yourself reflect, + Think what you _are_, then what you're to _expect_: + Pass a few Years the _Sisters_ cut your Thread, + And rank you in the Number of the Dead; + But of what _Dead_? not those whose Memory, + Bloom with sweet Savour through Posterity. + Those deathless Worthies, who, as Good as Great, + Or rais'd a fall'n, or prop'd a sinking State; + Or in the breach of Desolation stood, + And for their Country's Welfare pledg'd their Blood. + No! with the _Curs'd_ your Tomb shall foremost stand, + The GAVESTON'S and WOLSEY'S of the Land. + + Your Epitaph--_In this foul Grave lies HE_, + _Who dug the grave of_ British _Liberty_. + + Since then your Glass has but few Hours to run, + Quit quit the Reins before we're quite undone. + Why should you torture out your Dregs of Life, + In publick Tumult, Infamy and Strife? + To the last gasp maintain a baneful Power + Only to see your Country die before? + If not for _us_--for your _own_ Family, + And as you've made 'em _Great_, pray leave 'em _Free_. + + But if there's nothing that can bribe your Will, + From this perverse Propensity to Ill; + If to the Grave you are on Mischeif bent. + By growth in Crimes too harden'd to Repent. + If, whilst _perhaps_ you may, you _won't Retreat_, + Resolv'd the Nations _Ruin_ to compleat, + On _Britain_'s Downfall to erect a Name, + And trust to an _immortal Guilt_ for Fame, + May'nt the _Just Vengeance_ of an injur'd Land, + Thus greatly urg'd, exert a glorious _Stand_? + Drive not the _Brave_ and _Wretched_ to Despair, + For though of Freedom, Wealth and Power left bare, + The Plunder'd still have _Tongues_--and they may rear, + Their loud Complaints to reach their _Sovereign's_ Ear, + Lay, with one Voice, their _Wrongs_ before the _Throne_, + Whilst HE whose _Fame_ to both the Poles is known, + All Europe's Arbiter, all Asia's Theme, + Affrick's Delight, America's Supreme; + HE who does still express his Royal Care, + His loving Subjects Injuries to repair; + To their _Addresses_ graciously attends, + And above all their _Liberty_ defends, + Who is as Wise as Pious, Mild as Great, + And whose sole Business is to nurse the State; + _May_ judge their Cause and, greatly rous'd, command, + The _Staff_ of _Power_ from thy _polluted_ Hand, + And to some _abler Head_ and _better Heart_, + His long _dishonour'd Stewardship_ impart. + + Perhaps to Thee! great _Carteret_, who can'st boast. + Talents quite equal to the arduous Post; + A keen Discernment; strong, yet bridled Thought, + One Natures Dow'r, one by just Learning taught: + Calm Fortitude, unwarp'd Integrity, + And Flame divine to keep thy Country Free. + + Or to thy Conduct, _Pultney_! whose just Zeal, + Is still exerted for the publick Weal; + Whose boundless Knowledge and distinguish'd Sense, + Flow in full Tides of rapid Eloquence; + And to the native Treasures of whose Mind, + We see form'd Worth, and wide Experience join'd. + + With these the darling _Chesterfield_ may sit + An _able_ Partner--if his _rebel Wit_ } + Can to such _Pains_ and _Penalties_ submit. } + + And that fam'd _Caledonian Youth_, whose Morn + Propitious Skies, and Noon-tide Rays adorn, + Who rose so _early_ in his Country's Cause, + Shone, though so Young, _so bright_, that our Applause + Was lock'd in Wonder--gazing Senates hung + On the divine Enchantment of his Tongue; + Hark with what Force he pleads in our Defence! + How just he speaks an injur'd People's Sense! + _Half_ lost to _Britain_ now, He chides his Fate, + For stealing him, _by Titles_, from the State; + Whilst we, lov'd _Polwarth_! with thy Titles _more_, + As might such Virtues to the State restore. + + Then too the noble _Cobham_, first of Men! + May leave his Garden for the Camp again; + Call'd, like old Rome's Dictator from the Plough, + To plant once more the Laurel on his Brow. + + And Brave _Argile_, who's form'd alike to wield + The Rhet'rick of the Senate and the Field, + So tun'd whose Eloquence, whose Breast so Mann'd, + None can the _Speaker_ or the _Chief_ withstand. + + Yet feign Methink's I'd hope that you were clear + From this _high Charge_ that eccho's in my Ear; + Trust that some Demon envious of my Rest + With visionary Wrongs distracts my Breast, + Or that this Blazon of enormous Crimes + Springs from the wanton Licence of the Times. + Therefore I put this _Question_ to your Heart,---- + Speak, Culprit--_Are you Guilty_? Nay, don't Start, + This is a Question all have right to ask, + To answer it with _Honour_ is your Task; + That, If you dare unbosom, I expect, + Till when, _I'm Yours, Sir, with all_ due _Respect_. + +_FINIS_ + + + + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + THE + GREAT MAN's + ANSWER + TO + Are these Things So? + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + (Price One Shilling.) + + + + + THE + GREAT MAN'S + ANSWER + TO + Are these Things So? + IN A + DIALOGUE + BRTWEEN + His HONOUR and the ENGLISHMAN + in His GROTTO. + + _Qui capit_---- + + By the Author of _Are these Things So?_ + + _LONDON:_ + + Printed for T. Cooper, at the _Globe_ in _Paternoster-Row_. + MDCCXL. + + + + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + THE + GREAT MAN's + ANSWER + TO + Are these Things So? + + + _E.M._ HAIL blest _Elizium_! sweet, secure Retreat; + Quiet and Contemplation's sacred Seat! + Here may my Life's last Lamp in Freedom burn, + Nor live to light my Country to her Urn: + Die 'ere that huge _Leviathan_ of State + Shall swallow all.--Who thunders at my Gate! + See _John_--But hah! what Tempest shakes my Cell? + Whence these big Drops that Ooze from ev'ry Shell? + From this obdurate Rock whence flow those Tears? + Sure some _Ill Power_'s at hand--Soft! it appears. + _E. M._ What's That approaches, _John_? _J._ Why Sir, 'tis He. + _E. M._ What He? _J._ Why He Himself, Sir; the _great_ HE. + _E. M._ Enough. _G. M._ Your Slave, Sir. _E. M._ No Sir, I'm _your Slave_, + Or soon shall be.--How then must I behave? + Must I fall prostrate at your Feet? Or how-- + I've heard the _Dean_, but never saw him _Bow_. + _G. M._ Hoh! hoh! you make me laugh. _E. M._ So _Nero_ play'd, + Whilst _Rome_ was by his Flames in Ashes laid. + _G. M._ Well, solemn Sir, I'm come, if you think fit, + To solve your Question. _E. M._ Bless me! pray, Sir, sit. + _G. M._ The Door! _E. M._ No Matter, Sir, my Door won't shut: + Stay here, _John_; we've no _Secrets_. _G. M._ Surly Put! + How restiff still! but I have _what_ will win him + Before we part, or else the Devil's in him. + _E. M._ I wait your Pleasure, Sir. _G. M._ Why _Fame_, you say, + Reports that I'm the Author of To-Day: + I am--But not the Day that you describe, + Black with imagin'd Ills--Your Patriot Tribe, + Those growling, restless, factious Malecontents, + Who blast all Schemes, and rail at all Events; + Whom Ministers, nor Kings, nor Gods can please; + Whose Rage my Ruin only can appease; + That motley Crew, the Scum of ev'ry Sect, + Who'd fain destroy, because they can't direct; + Wits, Common-Council-Men, and Brutes in Fur, + Knights of the Shire, and of the Post.--_E. M._ This, Sir, + Is _Gazetteer_ Abuse. _G. M._ These Miscreants dire + Apply the Torch themselves, then cry out Fire; + In Rhime, in Prose, in Prints, and in Debate, + They falsly represent the Nation's State. + Go forth, and see if _Britain_'s fall'n _so low_; + Fly to her Coasts, and mark the glorious _Show_: + See Fleets how gallant! See _Marines_ how _stout_! } + That wait but till the _Wind shall turn about_. } + _E. M._ What a whole _Twelvemonth_! _G. M._ Pray Sir, hear me out. } + See all their Sails unfurl'd, their Streamers play; + You'd think old _Neptune_'s Self kept Holiday: + These shall protect our Commerce, scour the Main, + The Honour of the _British_ Flag maintain; + Pour the avenging Thunder on the Foe, } + And--_E. M._ Mighty well; but when are they to go? } + _G. M._ When? Psha! why look'ee, Sir, that _Time_ will show. } + Next view the martial Guardians of the Land: + Lo! her gay Warriors redden all the Strand: + _Cockade_ behind _Cockade_, each Entrance keep, + Whilst in their Sheaths ten thousand Falchions _sleep_. + _E. M._ But, Sir, 'tis urg'd that these are needless quite, + Kept only for Review, and not for Fight: + That Fleets are _Britain_'s Safety--_G. M._ Stupid Elves! + Why these, Sir, are to _save you_ from _yourselves_: + Ye're prone, ye're prone to murmur and rebel, + And when mild Methods fail, we must compel: + Besides, consider Sir, _th' Election_'s near-- + _E. M._--O, Sir, I'm answer'd--Now the _Case_ is _clear_. + _G. M._ Ay,--I shall answer all the rest as well. + _E. M._ I doubt it not. _G. M._ On _Se--s_ next you fell: + Fie! that was paw--_Se--s_ are _sacred_ Things, + And _no more_ capable of _Ill_ than--_Kings_. + _E. M._ 'Tis granted. _G. M._ Yet at them your Gall is spit; + You're told they _Yea_ and _No_ as I think fit; + And that if some brave _One_ Rebellious prov'd, + From his Lord's Banquet he was strait remov'd; + Cast into utter Darkness, like the Guest, + Who was not in a _Wedding Garment_ Dress'd. + Well, What of that? should not the _Blind_ be led? + Should not so vast a _Body_ have a _Head_? + And if _one Finger's gangreen'd_, sure 'tis best + To lop it off 'ere it infect the rest. + _Free_ P----ts! mere stuff--What would be done? + Let loose, five hundred diff'rent Ways they'd run; + They'd Cavil, Jarr, Dispute, O'return, Project, + And the great Bus'ness of _Supply_ Neglect; + On _Grievances_, not _Ways_ and _Means_ would go; + Nor one round _Vote of Credit_ e're bestow: + The _sinking Fund_ would _strangely_ be apply'd, + And _secret service Money_ quite denied: + Whilst _Soap_ and _Candles_ we _untax_'d should rue, + And _Salt_ itself would lose it's _Savour_ too: + Ev'n _Gin_ would then be drank without controul, + And the poor _civil List_ be ne're _lick'd whole_. + Down go all _Pensioners_, all _Placemen_ down. + Those lov'd and trusty Servants of the Crown, + Who're always ready at their Chief's Command, + Would have no _Vote_ to save the _sinking_ Land: + Ev'n _Levy_'s Bench might lose it's sacred _Weight_, + Remov'd, O _sad Translation_! from the State. + Then Pen's like yours would _freely_ vent their Rage, + No _License_ on the _Press_, or on the _Stage_; + Whilst loyal _Gazetteer_'s, tho' ne're so witty, + No more might chasten the Rebellious _City_: + No more sage _Freeman_ trumpet out my Fame, + Nor _unstamp'd Farthing-Posts_ my worth proclaim. + + _E. M._ Indeed--such dire _Calamities_ attend! + O worse, Sir, worse--Heav'n knows where it might end. + Perhaps _Ourself_ and our dear _Brother_ too, + No longer might our Country's Business do-- + + _E. M._ That, Sir, you've done already--rather, then, + _Your_ Business would be done. _G. M._ Ungrateful Men! + We that have serv'd you at such vast Expence, } + And gone thro' thick and thin. _E. M._ There's no Defence, } + Would serve your Purpose--Hence, then, good Sirs, Hence; } + Fly, for the Evil Days at Hand, Pray fly-- + _G. M._ What leave my Country to be _lost_?--Not I; + The Danger's yet but in Imagination, + I hope one _Seven Years more_ to _save_ the Nation. + In vain you Patriot Oafs pronounce my Fall, + Like the great LAUREAT, _S'Blood I'll stand you all_. + What tho' you've made the _People_ loath my Name, + I live not on such slender Food as Fame; + And yet that _People_'s _mine_--My Will obey, } + Implicit Bow beneath my sovereign Sway, } + Whilst these my _Messengers_ prepare my Way; } + These all your Slanders will at Sight refute, + They're sterling Evidence which none dispute. + For these, Content, or to be Damn'd or Sav'd-- + _E. M._--Nay if they will, why let 'em be enslav'd: + If they will barter all that's Good and Great, + For present Pelf, nor Mind their future State; + If none Thy baleful Influence will withstand, + Go forth, _Corruption_, Lord it o'er the Land; + If they are Thine for better and for worse, + On Them and on their Children light the Curse. + + _G. M._ _Corruption_, Sir!--pray use a milder Term; + 'Tis only a Memento to be _firm_; + The Times are greatly alter'd--Years ago, + A Man would blush the World his _Price_ should know: + Scruple to own his _Voice_ was to be bought; + And meanly minded what the Million thought; + Our Age more _Prudent_, and _Sincere_ is grown, + The Hire they _wisely_ take, they _bravely_ own; + Laugh at the Fool, who let's his _Conscience_ stand, + To barr his Passage to the promis'd Land; + Or, sway'd by Prejudice, or puny Pride, + Thinks _Right_ and _Int'rest_ of a different Side. + + _E. M._ _O Nation_ lost to Honour and to Shame! + So, then, Corruption now has chang'd its Name: + And what was once a paultry _Bribe_, to Day + Is gently stil'd an _Honourable_ Pay. + Blessings on that great Genius who has wrought + This strange Conversion--Who has bravely bought + Our Liberty from Virtue--Pray go on. + _G. M._ Of Commerce next you talk--pretend 'tis gone, + To _Foreign_ Climes--_Amen_, for what I care, + Perdition on the Merchants--They must dare! + To thwart my Purpose--I detest them--_E. M._ How! + _G. M._ Yes--And I think I'm _even_ with 'em now. + They would not be _convention'd_, nor _excis'd_, + But they shall feel the Scourge themselves advis'd; + They shall be swingingly _bewarr'd_, I'll swear; + And since they'd not my _little Finger_ bear, + My _Loins_ shall press 'em 'till they guilty plead, + And sue for Mercy at my Feet. _E. M._ Indeed! + _G. M._ Aye, trust me, shall they----_E. M._ But don't tell 'em so; } + For they're a stubborn _sturdy_ Gang you know, } + _G. M._ O! they'll be _supple_ when their Cash runs low. + Their _Purse_, which makes them proud and insolent, + A trav'ling with their Commerce shall be sent-- + _E. M._ Take Care they don't send _you_ a trav'ling first; + _G. M._ No, Sir, I dare 'em now to do their Worst. + _Seven Sessions_ more I am at least secure-- + _E. M._ Nay then you'll crush 'em quite?--But are you sure, + There is a _Spirit_, Sir? _G. M._ What Spirit pray? + A _Spirit_ that the _Treasury_ can't lay. + _E. M._ I'm answer'd Sir,--_G. M._ Next, Friend, one Word about + Those spiteful Innuendoes you throw out, + That squint at _Contracts_, _Forage_, and what not, + 'Tis _more_ than Time that those Things were forgot. + You should not link the _present_ with the _past_-- + _E. M._ Yes when they make one _glorious Whole_ at last; + When, tho' _Times differ_, _Actions_ still _agree_, + And what Men _were_ they _are_--What they _will_ be, + We safely may pronounce--_G. M._ Well, Sir, but why + On my dear Family and Friends this Cry? + Suppose they've Places, Wealth, and Titles too, + _Merit_ like Ours should surely have its _Due_. + That _squaemish_ Steward's of all Fools the worst, + That lays not up for his _own Houshold_ first; + Nor takes a _proper_ Care of those _staunch_ Friends, + By whose _good Services_ he gains his Ends. + Besides, who'd drudge the _Mill-Horse_ of the State; + Curst by the Vulgar, envy'd by the Great; + In one fastidious Round of Hurry live, + And join, in Toil, the _Matin_ with the _Eve_; + Be hourly plagu'd 'bout Pensions, Strings, Translations, + Or, worse! that _damn'd Affair_ of _Foreign_ Nations. + Make _War_ and _Treaties_ with alternate Pain: + First sweat to build, then to pull down again. + Who'd cringe at _Levees_, or in _Closets_--Oh! + Stoop to the _rough_ Remonstrance of the _Toe_? + Did not some Genius whisper, "That's the Road + "To Opulence, and Honours bless'd Abode; + "Thus you may aggrandize yourself, and Race; + "_Pension_ this _Knight_, or give that _Peer_ a _Place_." + + _E. M._ So _Angria_, Sir, as justly might declare, + He _plunder'd_ only to _enrich_ his _Heir_; + Nor longer would his _Piracies_ pursue, + Than 'till he had _provided_ for his _Crew_. + + _G. M._ Your Servant, Sir, I think you're pretty _free_-- } + _E. M._ Why Truth is Truth, Sir, and will out, you see; } + _G. M._ Yes, s'death! but _couple Angria_ with _me_! + _E. M._ I'll say no more on't--_G. M._ No you've said _enough_; + And what you next advise, is canting Stuff. + + _Turn my Eyes inward_! not quite so devout; + They've Task sufficient to look sharp _without_: + And should the fatal Sisters cut my Thread + Some _score Years_ hence--I trouble not my Head } + _Where_ I'm entomb'd, or number'd with _what_ Dead; } + I want no _Grave-Stone_ to promulge my _Fame_, + Nor trust to _breathless Marble_ for a _Name_, + BRITANNIA'S self a _Monument_ shall stand + Of the _bless'd Dowry_ I bequeath my Land: + Her Sons shall hourly my _dear Conduct_ boast; + They _best_ can speak it, who will _feel_ it most. + But if some grateful Verse _must_ grace my Urn, + Attend ye _Gazeteers_--Be this the Turn-- + _Weep_, Britons, _weep_--_Beneath this Stone lies He, + Who set your Isle from dire Divisions free, } + And made your various Factions all agree_. } + + _E. M._ That's right, _G. M._ You'd have me quit too--No, I'll still + Drive on, and make you happy '_gainst your Will_. + As for your _may_ and _may_, Sir,--_may be Not_, + Can my _vast Services_ be _There_ forgot? + + As for those _lauded Successors_ you name, + If once in Pow'r, they'd act the very _same._ + _E. M._ That's Cobweb Sophistry--Did they not fill + The noblest Posts? And had they not, pray, _still_, + But that they greatly scorn'd to _league_ with those, + Who were at once their King's and Country's Foes? + _G. M._ Well, Sir, as there is nothing I can say + Will with your starch'd unbending Temper weigh; + My last _best_ Answer I'll in _Writing_ leave; + Pray mark it--_E. M._ How! May I my Eyes believe? + _G. M._ You may--I thought I should convince you, _E. M._ Yes, + That Fame for once spoke Truth--And as for _This_-- + _G. M._ Furies! My _thousand Bank_, Sir, _E. M._ Thus I Tear, + Go, blend, _Corruption_, with _corrupting_ Air. + _G. M._ Amazing Frenzie! Well, if this won't do, + What think you of a _Pension_? _E. M._ As of _You_. + _G. M._ A _Place_--_E. M._ Be gone, _G. M._ A _Title_--_E. M._ is a _Lie_ + When ill conferr'd _G. M._ A _Ribband_--_E. M._ I defie + Farewell then Fool--If you'll accept of _Neither_, + You and your _Country_ may be _damn'd_ together. + +_FINIS_ + + + + + WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK + MEMORIAL LIBRARY + UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES + + * * * * * + + THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + + PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT + + + + + THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + + PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT + + * * * * * + + +=1948-1949= + +16. Henry Nevil Payne, _The Fatal Jealousie_ (1673). + +17. Nicholas Rowe, _Some Account of the Life of Mr. William Shakespear_ +(1709). + +18. Anonymous, "Of Genius," in _The Occasional Paper_, Vol. III, No. 10 +(1719), and Aaron Hill, Preface to _The Creation_ (1720). + + +=1949-1950= + +19. Susanna Centlivre, _The Busie Body_ (1709). + +20. Lewis Theobald, _Preface to the Works of Shakespeare_ (1734). + +22. Samuel Johnson, _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ (1749), and two +_Rambler_ papers (1750). + +23. John Dryden, _His Majesties Declaration Defended_ (1681). + + +=1951-1952= + +26. Charles Macklin, _The Man of the World_ (1792). + +31. Thomas Gray, _An Elegy Wrote in a Country Churchyard_ (1751), and +_The Eton College Manuscript_. + + +=1952-1953= + +41. Bernard Mandeville, _A Letter to Dion_ (1732). + + +=1962-1963= + +98. Selected Hymns Taken Out of Mr. Herbert's _Temple_ ... (1697). + + +=1964-1965= + +109. Sir William Temple, _An Essay Upon the Original and Nature of +Government_ (1680). + +110. John Tutchin, _Selected Poems_ (1685-1700). + +111. Anonymous, _Political Justice_ (1736). + +112. Robert Dodsley, _An Essay on Fable_ (1764). + +113. T. R., _An Essay Concerning Critical and Curious Learning_ (1698). + +114. _Two Poems Against Pope_: Leonard Welsted, _One Epistle to Mr. A. +Pope_ (1730), and Anonymous, _The Blatant Beast_ (1742). + + +=1965-1966= + +115. Daniel Defoe and others, _Accounts of the Apparition of Mrs. Veal_. + +116. Charles Macklin, _The Covent Garden Theatre_ (1752). + +117. Sir Roger L'Estrange, _Citt and Bumpkin_ (1680). + +118. Henry More, _Enthusiasmus Triumphatus_ (1662). + +119. Thomas Traherne, _Meditations on the Six Days of the Creation_ +(1717). + +120. Bernard Mandeville, _Aesop Dress'd or a Collection of Fables_ +(1740). + + +=1966-1967= + +123. Edmond Malone, _Cursory Observations on the Poems Attributed to +Mr. Thomas Rowley_ (1782). + +124. Anonymous, _The Female Wits_ (1704). + +125. Anonymous, _The Scribleriad_ (1742). Lord Hervey, _The Difference +Between Verbal and Practical Virtue_ (1742). + + +=1967-1968= + +129. Lawrence Echard, Prefaces to _Terence's Comedies_ (1694) and +_Plautus's Comedies_ (1694). + +130. Henry More, _Democritus Platonissans_ (1646). + +132. Walter Harte, _An Essay on Satire, Particularly on the Dunciad_ +(1730). + + +=1968-1969= + +133. John Courtenay, _A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral +Character of the Late Samuel Johnson_ (1786). + +134. John Downes, _Roscius Anglicanus_ (1708). + +135. Sir John Hill, _Hypochondriasis, a Practical Treatise_ (1766). + +136. Thomas Sheridan, _Discourse ... Being Introductory to His Course of +Lectures on Elocution and the English Language_ (1759). + +137. Arthur Murphy, _The Englishman From Paris_ (1736). + + +=1969-1970= + +138. [Catherine Trotter], _Olinda's Adventures_ (1718). + +139. John Ogilvie, _An Essay on the Lyric Poetry of the Ancients_ +(1762). + +140. _A Learned Dissertation on Dumpling_ (1726) and _Pudding Burnt to +Pot or a Compleat Key to the Dissertation on Dumpling_ (1727). + +141. Selections from Sir Roger L'Estrange's _Observator_ (1681-1687). + +142. Anthony Collins, _A Discourse Concerning Ridicule and Irony in +Writing_ (1729). + +143. _A Letter From A Clergyman to His Friend, With An Account of the +Travels of Captain Lemuel Gulliver_ (1726). + +144. _The Art of Architecture, A Poem. In Imitation of Horace's Art of +Poetry_ (1742). + + +=1970-1971= + +145-146. Thomas Shelton, _A Tutor to Tachygraphy, or Short-writing_ +(1642) and _Tachygraphy_ (1647). + +147-148. _Deformities of Dr. Samuel Johnson_ (1782). + +149. _Poeta de Tristibus: or, the Poet's Complaint_ (1682). + +150. Gerard Langbaine, _Momus Triumphans: or, the Plagiaries of the +English Stage_ (1687). + + +Publications of the first fifteen years of the Society (numbers 1-90) +are available in paperbound units of six issues at $16.00 per unit, from +the Kraus Reprint Company, 16 East 46th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. + +Publications in print are available at the regular membership rate of +$5.00 for individuals and $8.00 for institutions per year. Prices of +single issues may be obtained upon request. Subsequent publications may +be checked in the annual prospectus. + + + + + * * * * * + + THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + + WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK + MEMORIAL LIBRARY + + UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES + + 2520 Cimarron Street (at West Adams), Los Angeles, California 90018 + + * * * * * + + _Make check or money order payable to_ + + THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Are these Things So? 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(1740) The Great Man's +Answer to Are These things So: (1740), by Anonymous + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Are these Things So? (1740) The Great Man's Answer to Are These things So: (1740) + +Author: Anonymous + +Editor: Ian Gordon + +Release Date: December 11, 2011 [EBook #38275] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ARE THESE THINGS SO? (1740) *** + + + + +Produced by Tor Martin Kristiansen, Sharon Vaninger, Joseph +Cooper and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br></div> + +<div class="transnote"> +Transcriber's Note: Apparent printer's errors retained. +</div> + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br></div> + +<h3> +<span class="smcap">The Augustan Reprint Society</span> +</h3> + +<div style="height: 4em;"><br></div> + +<h1> +Are these Things So? +</h1> +<p class="center"> +1740 +</p> +<hr size="5"> +<h1> +THE GREAT MAN'S +</h1> +<h1> +ANSWER +</h1> +<h1> +TO +</h1> +<h1> +Are these Things So? +</h1> + +<p class="center"> +(1740) +</p> +<hr> +<p class="center"> +<i>Introduction by</i><br> +<span class="smcap">Ian Gordon</span><br> +</p> +<hr> +<p class="center"> +PUBLICATION NUMBER 153<br> +WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK MEMORIAL LIBRARY<br> +<span class="smcap">University of California, Los Angeles</span><br> +1972 +</p> + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br></div> + +<p> + GENERAL EDITORS +</p> + + +<p class="noindent"> +William E. Conway, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library<br> +George Robert Guffey, University of California, Los Angeles<br> +Maximillian E. Novak, University of California, Los Angeles<br> +David S. Rodes, University of California, Los Angeles<br> +</p> +<div style="height: 2em;"><br></div> + +<p> + ADVISORY EDITORS +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Richard C. Boys, University of Michigan<br> +James L. Clifford, Columbia University<br> +Ralph Cohen, University of Virginia<br> +Vinton A. Dearing, University of California, Los Angeles<br> +Arthur Friedman, University of Chicago<br> +Louis A. Landa, Princeton University<br> +Earl Miner, University of California, Los Angeles<br> +Samuel H. Monk, University of Minnesota<br> +Everett T. Moore, University of California, Los Angeles<br> +Lawrence Clark Powell, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library<br> +James Sutherland, University College, London<br> +H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., University of California, Los Angeles<br> +Robert Vosper, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library<br> +Curt A. Zimansky, State University of Iowa +</p> +<div style="height: 2em;"><br></div> +<p> + CORRESPONDING SECRETARY +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Edna C. Davis, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library +</p> +<div style="height: 2em;"><br></div> +<p> + EDITORIAL ASSISTANT +</p> + +<p class="noindent"> +Jean T. Shebanek, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library +</p> + +<div style="height: 4em;"><br></div> + +<p class="center"> + INTRODUCTION +</p> +<p> +The two pamphlets reproduced here belong to the fierce heightening in +the pamphlet campaign against Robert Walpole that took place at the end +of 1740. They represent only two efforts within a brief but furious +encounter that gave rise to the publication of no fewer than nine +separate poems. On Thursday, 23 October 1740, Thomas Cooper, "one of the +most prolific printers and publishers of the pamphlet literature of the +eighteenth century,"<a name="ft01"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn01"> 1 </a> published a savage denunciation of Walpole +called <i>Are these things so?</i><a name="ft02"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn02"> 2 </a> This pamphlet, which took the fictional +form of an open letter from Alexander Pope, "An Englishman in his +Grotto," to Robert Walpole, "A Great Man at Court," set off a round of +verse writing among the party hacks of the day that vividly illustrates +the close relationship between literature and politics in the first half +of the eighteenth century. Within the space of two months eight further +pamphlets directly related to this pamphlet and to Walpole's position as +First Minister were published. Such a spate of literary activity is only +remarkable, however, when compared with other ages. While it is +inconceivable that the publication of any poem in our own day, even by a +major writer, should arouse such a response, it is reasonably typical of +the first half of the eighteenth century that the publication of an +occasional poem by a minor, indeed anonymous, writer should do so. +</p> +<p> +On Saturday, 8 November, two weeks after the opening blast, Cooper +delivered a second volley, an equally fierce (although largely +repetitive) denunciation of Walpole entitled <i>Yes, they are:</i>.<a name="ft03"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn03"> 3 </a> A week +later still, on Saturday, 15 November, the first pro-Government riposte, +called <i>What of That!</i>, was published,<a name="ft04"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn04"> 4 </a> followed three days later, on +18 November, by a second reply, <i>The Weather-Menders: A proper Answer to +Are these things so?</i><a name="ft05"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn05"> 5 </a> The second edition of <i>What of That!</i> was +published on the following Saturday, 22 November,<a name="ft06"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn06"> 6 </a> and a third +pro-Walpole poem entitled <i>They are Not</i>, was also published at about +this time.<a name="ft07"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn07"> 7 </a> At the end of November, or early in December, a reply to +all three of these defences of Walpole appeared carrying the title, +<i>Have at you All</i>.<a name="ft08"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn08"> 8 </a> On Tuesday, 2 December, the pro-Walpole forces +returned to the attack again with a poem entitled <i>What Things?</i><a name="ft09"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn09"> 9 </a> This +was followed on Saturday, 6 December, by the second edition, "corrected, +with the addition of twenty lines omitted in the former impressions" of +<i>Are these things so?</i>,<a name="ft10"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn10"> 10 </a> and on Thursday, 18 December, by yet another +anti-Walpole poem, <i>The Great Man's Answer</i><a name="ft11"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn11"> 11 </a> purporting to be "by the +author of <i>Are these things so?</i>." But the pro-Walpole forces were still +not silenced and two days later on Saturday, 20 December, published <i>A +Supplement to Are these things so?</i>,<a name="ft12"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn12"> 12 </a> an attack on the Patriot +opponents of the Ministry. A month later still, on Friday, 23 January +1741,<a name="ft13"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn13"> 13 </a> the third edition of <i>They are Not</i> was published. Hereafter +this particular controversy seemed to burn itself out, although an +anonymous poem entitled <i>The Art of Poetry</i>, published on 17 March 1741, +contains a long attack on <i>Are these things so?</i>. +</p> +<p> +This confused battle is most easily summarized by saying that four +separate pamphlets (not counting second and third editions) were +published which attacked Walpole, and five which defended him. The poems +attacking Walpole are far more poetically versatile than those defending +him and it is the two most interesting of these attacks that are +reproduced here. Taken together, this series of nine pamphlets forms a +separate battle within that much larger and continuing war waged by Lord +Bolingbroke and the various supporters of the Patriot Opposition against +Sir Robert Walpole and the defenders of his Whig Ministry. From the +first publication of <i>The Craftsman</i> on 5 December 1726 to the final +resignation of the "Great Man" on 11 February 1742 it is probably true +to say that no English politician has ever been so continuously and so +virulently attacked by so eminent an assemblage of literary persons. Gay, +Swift, Pope, Arbuthnot, Chesterfield, Lyttleton, Thomson, Fielding, and +Johnson each entered the fray at various stages. The fact that Walpole +rode out these attacks for so long is more of a comment on the +disorganized nature of the opposition politically and on the astute +manoeuvring of Walpole himself, than on the ineffectiveness of the +attacks. +</p> +<p> +During the protracted span of this campaign there were only two periods +during which the supporters of the Patriot cause had any real chance of +toppling Walpole. The first came in 1733 when sustained opposition +forced Walpole to drop his proposed Excise Scheme, while the second +occurred five years later in 1738 and sprang from a new deterioration in +Anglo-Spanish relations. Although Walpole did not finally resign until +11 February 1742 his fall from power was a direct result of this +deterioration. His position in the House of Commons, and in the country +at large, was never as assured in the last four years of his "reign" as +it had been in the first seventeen. +</p> +<p> +The pamphlets reproduced here deal with Walpole's declining reputation +and especially with his handling of Spanish policy. The causes of the +English differences with Spain go back to 1713 and the Treaty of Utrecht +in which the South Sea Company had been granted, amongst other +privileges, the right to send one trading vessel a year to the Spanish +possessions.<a name="ft14"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn14"> 14 </a> This right had been grossly abused by English merchants +eager to make large profits and a great number of English trading ships +annually smuggled goods to Spanish America. The Spanish governors were +only too pleased to accept such contraband trade for by it they avoided +payment of duties to the King of Spain. In order to defend themselves +against this illegal traffic the Spanish authorities established a fleet +of <i>guarda-costas</i> to intercept, search, and, if necessary, punish the +English ships. The <i>guarda-costas</i> did this with great effect and, on +occasion, with considerable cruelty. The most notorious example +concerned the capture, near Jamaica in 1731, of Captain Robert Jenkins' +ship, the <i>Rebecca</i>, and the ensuing removal of one of Jenkins' ears. It +was with Jenkins' presentation of this ear, which "wrapt up in cotton, +he always carried about him,"<a name="ft15"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn15"> 15 </a> before the House of Commons seven years +later in March 1738 that Anglo-Spanish differences came to a head. +</p> +<p> +The Patriots demanded war and revenge: Walpole, however, was committed +to a policy of peace. Accordingly, he spent the rest of the year trying +to patch things up and the ill-fated Convention of Pardo concluded on 14 +January 1739 was the result. The Convention involved compromise on both +sides. England claimed that Spain owed her £343,277 by way of reparation +for damages done to English vessels, and Spain claimed that England owed +her £180,000 by way of arrears on duties due to the King of Spain. This +left a balance of £163,277 and England agreed to accept £95,000 as a +total discharge in return for payment within four months.<a name="ft16"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn16"> 16 </a> +</p> +<p> +On 1 February Walpole laid this Convention before Parliament, and, +despite vociferous opposition, it was eventually ratified on 9 March by +a vote of 244 to 214. As a result of this ratification a considerable +section of the opposition, under the leadership of Sir William Wyndham, +immediately seceded from Parliament. Feelings had never been higher. On +15 May, one day after the payment had fallen due, Benjamin Keene, the +British Minister in Madrid, was officially informed that the £95,000 +would only be paid if Admiral Haddock removed his fleet from the +Mediterranean. England had no intention of recalling Haddock, for both +Gibraltar and Minorca would then remain defenceless, and Spain clearly +had no real intention of paying the money. From this point on war became +inevitable and on 19 October 1739 the declaration was made "and was +received by all ranks and distinctions of men with a degree of +enthusiasm and joy, which announced the general frenzy of the +nation."<a name="ft17"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn17"> 17 </a> It was on hearing the church bells pealing at the news that +Walpole made his famous remark: "They now ring the bells, but they will +soon wring their hands.<a name="ft18"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn18"> 18 </a> +</p> +<p> +One month later, on 22 November, Admiral Vernon captured Porto Bello, +the port in which the <i>guarda-costas</i> had been fitted out. The news +of this victory did not arrive in England until nearly four months later +on 13 March 1740, but it brought with it great public excitement and +jubilation. Thus by the end of 1740 the revenge on the Spanish had +begun. Those who had demanded war seemed justified and Walpole had been +discredited. This is the political background against which these +pamphlets are set. +</p> +<p class="margtop2"> +Both pamphlets have been attributed to James Miller, but the evidence +for such attribution is cumulative rather than definitive.<a name="ft19"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn19"> 19 </a> <i>Are +these things so?</i> has been far more frequently attributed to Miller +than <i>The Great Man's Answer</i>. The earliest attribution is found in +D. E. Baker's <i>Biographia Dramatica</i> which, although it was not +published till 1812, was originally compiled by Baker sometime before +1764.<a name="ft20"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn20"> 20 </a> Robert Watt also lists <i>Are these things so?</i> as Miller's +work in his <i>Bibliotheca Britannica</i>, Edinburgh, 1824.<a name="ft21"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn21"> 21 </a> The entries +under Miller in the <i>CBEL</i> and <i>DNB</i> both accept these attributions as +does the <i>British Museum Catalogue</i>. The evidence for attributing <i>The +Great Man's Answer</i> to Miller is far more slender and rests largely on +the publisher's claim on the title page, which may well have been made +for the sake of promotion, that it is "By the Author of <i>Are these +things so?</i>". +</p> +<p> +James Miller, 1706-1744, is better known as a comic dramatist than as a +poet. He was the son of a clergyman from Upcerne in Dorset, and was +educated at Wadham College, Oxford, where he wrote a comedy, <i>The +Humours of Oxford</i>, which was successfully performed at Drury Lane in +January 1730. On leaving Oxford he had been expected by his relations to +go into business, but "not being able to endure the servile drudgery it +demanded," he took holy orders and continued to write plays "to increase +his finances."<a name="ft22"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn22"> 22 </a> From 1730 until his death in 1744 he wrote ten plays, +several of which were performed with considerable success.<a name="ft23"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn23"> 23 </a> +</p> +<p> +But it is as a poet that we are primarily interested in Miller. He was +the author of several occasional poems of which his <i>Harlequin Horace, +or the Art of Modern Poetry</i>, 1731, was the best known. This poem, yet +another imitation of Horace's <i>Ars Poetica</i> is an attack on John Rich, +the manager of Lincoln's Inn Fields and Covent-Garden. The poem is +ironically full of perverse modern advice on how to write poetry. Miller +adopts the persona of a modern Grub Street poet who scorns the classical +values. Consequently Pope, who insists on standards of excellence, is +seen by the persona as the great enemy of modern poets. At the same time +it is quite clear that for Miller himself Pope is the greatest of poets. +The poem includes an attack on Walpole (ll. 209-216), and perhaps it was +this that led the agents of the Ministry to make him the large offer +referred to in the biography of Miller found in Cibber's <i>Lives</i>. But, +as the anonymous writer of this life goes on to point out, Miller "had +virtue sufficient to withstand the temptation, though his circumstances +at that time were far from being easy."<a name="ft24"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn24"> 24 </a> +</p> +<p> +A second verse satire in the manner of Horace, <i>Seasonable Reproof</i>, +1735, has also been attributed to Miller. The poem is a general satire +on Britain's "State of Reprobation," and only makes a passing glance at +Walpole. London has been so forsaken by people all rushing to the +Italian opera that +</p> +<p class="margleft"> + By <i>Excisemen</i>, it might now be taken,<br> + And great Sir <i>Bob</i> ride through, and save his Bacon (ll. 6-7).<br> +</p> +<p class="noindent"> +But more significant in our context is that, as Maynard Mack has shown, +the author creates a speaker "who by his careful echoings of the +<i>Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot</i> seems to labor to be mistaken for Pope."<a name="ft25"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn25"> 25 </a> +</p> +<p> +If Miller was the author of both <i>Seasonable Reproof</i> and <i>Are these +things so?</i> his fascination with the persona of the poet in his grotto +emerges as no sudden whim of wit, but as a continuing concern with the +symbolic significance of Pope's actual life. Furthermore, the poet who +attacked Walpole so violently in October 1740 emerges as no upstart +Patriot cashing in on Walpole's current unpopularity, but as a +consistent and courageous opponent of Walpole since at least 1731. +</p> + +<p class="margtop2"> +In <i>Are these things so?</i> Pope is imagined to be speaking throughout, +although he in turn imagines what Walpole might say at various points. +The poem is full of allusions and references intended to support the +pretense that Pope is speaking. In line eight the speaker says his +luxury is "lolling in my peaceful Grot"; in lines fifteen and sixteen +he echoes Pope's famous claim in <i>To Fortescue</i> that he is "TO VIRTUE +ONLY and HER FRIENDS, A FRIEND,"<a name="ft26"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn26"> 26 </a> when he says: +</p> +<p class="margleft"> + Close shut my Cottage-Gate, where none pretends<br> + To lift the Latch but Virtue and her Friends;<br> +</p> +<p class="noindent"> +and in lines seventeen and eighteen he shows that he knew Walpole had +once visited Pope at Twickenham.<a name="ft27"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn27"> 27 </a> +</p> +<p> +These allusions to Pope's actual life have been carefully chosen by the +author in order to give dramatic credibility to his chosen spokesman +rather than to persuade the reader that Pope was the real author. The +impersonation of Pope is meant to be transparent: the poet is +demonstrating his versatility at imitating Pope and has considerable fun +in doing so. The only evidence that could be brought in to support an +interpretation that stressed the author's serious intent to make Pope +seem the real author concerns a Dublin reprint of the poem that actually +carried Pope's name as author on the title page. But it is extremely +unlikely that the true author had anything to do with this since the +Dublin publisher did not even bother to incorporate the corrections and +additions that the poet had made to the second edition. +</p> +<p> +To point out that the device of creating a spokesman is meant to be seen +through is not the same thing, however, as saying that the author could +afford to admit his authorship. There were good reasons why the author +of a poem that was primarily an attack on the First Minister, and who +was himself probably without any great influence or reputation, should +need to hide the fact of his authorship. For such a person the choice of +Pope as spokesman could hardly have been more appropriate.<a name="ft28"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn28"> 28 </a> +</p> +<p> +In May and July 1738 Pope had published his devastating attacks on the +state of the country known as <i>The Epilogue to the Satires</i>. On 31 +January 1739 Paul Whitehead published his attack on the artificialities +and disguises of Walpole's Ministry and the Court favourites in a poem +(which Boswell refers to as "brilliant and pointed"<a name="ft29"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn29"> 29 </a>) called +<i>Manners: A Satire</i>. At this point the government decided that it was +time they attempted to stop, or at least stem, these attacks. They were +not keen to confront Pope himself, but Whitehead presented a less +formidable opponent.<a name="ft30"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn30"> 30 </a> Consequently, in February 1739, he and his +publisher Robert Dodsley were summoned before the bar of the House of +Lords to account for the attacks on named individuals in <i>Manners</i>. +On Monday, 12 February, the poem "was voted scandalous, etc. by the Lords, +and the author and publisher ordered into custody, where Mr. Dodsley, +the publisher, was a week; but Mr. Paul Whitehead, the author, +absconds."<a name="ft31"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn31"> 31 </a> Whitehead anticipated this summons when he wrote in the +poem: +</p> +<p class="margleft"> + <i>Pope</i> writes unhurt—but know, 'tis different quite<br> + To beard the lion, and to crush the mite.<br> + Safe may he dash the Statesman in each line,<br> + Those dread his satire, who dare punish mine (p. 15).<br> +</p> +<p> +Pope was then the ideal spokesman for our author's purposes: the mite +must dress up as the lion. It was admittedly almost two years since +Whitehead's original summons, but the incident was well enough +remembered to spur a gossip columnist writing in <i>The Daily Gazetteer</i> +on 11 November 1740 to suggest that Whitehead was the author of <i>Are +these things so?</i> Whitehead, too, evidently felt the danger of the +situation for he deemed it necessary to publish a denial four days +later.<a name="ft32"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn32"> 32 </a> +</p> +<p> +In choosing Pope for his spokesman the author of <i>Are these things so?</i> +showed a full awareness of the political realities. He also showed a +detailed familiarity with Pope's life and work. There is nothing, +however, to indicate that such knowledge was reciprocal, or even to +indicate that Pope knew of the poem's existence. The only evidence that +Pope knew anything about Miller's work, if indeed Miller was the author, +comes in a letter Pope wrote to Caryll on 6 February 1731 in which he +praises <i>Harlequin Horace</i> although he does not seem to know the +author's name.<a name="ft33"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn33"> 33 </a> +</p> +<p> +<i>Are these things so?</i> opens with Pope challenging Walpole to explain +why Britain has fallen as low as she has and why France and Spain have +been allowed "to limit out her sea." Walpole is then imagined defending +his measures, especially the Excise Scheme, the Convention of Pardo, +Placement and the Secret Service. In the second half of the poem the +satirist repeats the charges and invites Walpole to turn his eyes inward +and imagine that he dies guilty. Pope then begs Walpole to resign and, +failing that, begs the King to intervene. The poem closes in a positive +way by turning from Walpole and listing other persons (all members of +the Opposition) that George II might appoint to a new Ministry. +</p> +<p> +In the first edition (23 October) these persons were given fictitious +names. The second edition (6 December) not only substituted their real +names but also added twenty lines at the end which included Cobham and +Argyle in the list of worthies. It is this edition,which carries an +Advertisement explaining these changes, that we have reproduced here. +</p> +<p> +Finally it seems helpful to append a few notes to help identify some of +the allusions. In line 63 (p. 4) the "ONE more noble than the rest" is +presumably Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke who was stripped of his +title by Act of Attainder in 1725. In line 73 (p. 5) the "brave and +honest <i>Adm'ral</i>" is Vernon who captured Porto Bello on 22 November +1739. The "<i>sturdy Beggars</i>" mentioned in line 100 (p. 6), was the +appelation used by Walpole in referring to the mob outside the door of +Parliament on 14 March 1733, and was taken up by the Opposition as +pertaining to all the merchants and individuals opposed to the +Excise.<a name="ft34"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn34"> 34 </a> In line 129 (p. 8) the "C—n——n" is the Convention of Pardo +described earlier in this introduction. In line 139 (p. 8) the "BROTHER" +referred to is Horatio Walpole who was a frequent ambassador abroad for +Robert Walpole's government. In line 218 (p. 12) "HE whose <i>Fame</i> to +both the Poles is known" is George II. +</p> +<p> +The persons named at the end of the poem as possible replacements for +Walpole are all persons who were at one time members of the Whig party +but who had joined the opposition because of their dislike for Walpole. +John Carteret, Earl Granville (ll. 231-236, p. 13, and referred to as +Camillus in the first edition), had a long struggle with Walpole for +control of the Whig party and joined the Opposition Whigs after he +returned from the lord lieutenancy of Ireland in 1730. It was Carteret +who was to move the unsuccessful resolution on 13 February 1741, +requesting the King to remove Walpole from his "presence and counsels +for ever." William Pulteney, Earl of Bath (ll. 237-242, p. 13, and +referred to as Demosthenes in the first edition) was also an early ally +of Walpole's who later broke with him to form the Patriot party. He +became one of the editors of <i>The Craftsman</i>. Philip Stanhope, Earl of +Chesterfield (ll. 243-245, p. 13, and referred to as Atticus in the +first edition) was also a lifelong Whig who joined Carteret in leading +the opposition to Walpole in the Lords. Hugh Hume, Lord Polwarth and +Earl of Marchmont (ll. 246-257, p. 14, and referred to as "that fam'd +<i>Caledonian Youth</i>" in the first edition), had been a persistent and +relentless opponent of Walpole in the Commons, but on the death of his +father in February 1740 had acceded to the Earldom of Marchmont and been +unable to get elected as a representative peer. Although twenty years +younger than Pope (he was only 32 in 1740) he became a close friend and +was appointed an executor of his will. Pope refers to his friendship in +his <i>Verses on a Grotto</i>: "And the bright Flame was shot thro' +MARCHMONT'S Soul."<a name="ft35"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn35"> 35 </a> Sir Richard Temple, Viscount Cobham (ll. 258-261, +p. 14), was also a staunch Whig who broke with Walpole and joined the +Patriots. He, too, was an intimate friend of Pope's who addressed the +first moral essay to him and praised his famous gardens at Stowe in the +fourth. John Campbell, Duke of Argyle (ll. 262-265, pp. 14-15) was a +distinguished soldier who joined the Opposition during the discussion of +Spanish affairs. Both Pope and Thomson had celebrated his eloquence, and +ll. 262-263 here are a direct recollection of lines 86-87 in Pope's +<i>Epilogue to the Satires: Dialogue II</i>: +</p> +<p class="margleft"> + ARGYLE, the State's whole Thunder born to wield,<br> + And shake alike the Senate and the Field.<br> +</p> +<p class="noindent"> +With the exception of Carteret each of the persons named at the end of +the poem was either an acquaintance or a close friend of Pope's. We have +here one last example of the remarkable degree to which the author of +this pamphlet had assimilated the true facts of Pope's life into his +fictional re-creation. +</p> +<p class="margtop2"> +According to the title page, <i>The Great Man's Answer</i> is by the +same author as <i>Are these things so?</i>. Once again, the setting is Pope's +grotto, but this time the poet engages Walpole in a direct dialogue. The +poem begins with the poet being disturbed in his retreat by someone +"thundering at the gate." It is Walpole who has come to answer the +questions asked in <i>Are these things so?</i>. He maintains that Britain has +not fallen as low as Pope claims and that the Honour of the Fleet is +still intact. He defends his handling of Parliament, his fiscal +policies, his appointment of Placemen and Pensioners, his attitude to +Commerce, and the self-aggrandisement involved in many of his contracts. +These defences, which only bring out a severer irony in Pope, lead up to +Walpole's version of his own epitaph in contrast to that given him in +<i>Are these things so?</i>. Where Pope had stressed his role as the +grave-digger of British Liberty, Walpole sees himself as the healer of +factions. Finally he falls back on his ultimate weapon of bribery. But +his offers of money, pension, place, title, and honour are turned down +by the poet with increasing scorn, and the poem ends with appropriate +focus on Pope's incorruptibility. +</p> +<p> +The following notes are offered to help with the topical allusions.<a name="ft36"></a><a class="fn" href="#fn36"> 36 </a> +The poem opens with Pope directing his servant, John Serle (1. 7, p. 1), +to see who is thundering at his gate. This is a playful allusion to the +famous opening of <i>An Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot</i> where Serle had been +urged to an exactly opposite course of action. The "<i>Gazetteer</i> Abuse" +scornfully mentioned by Pope (1. 37, p. 3) is a reference to <i>The Daily +Gazetteer</i>, a pro-Government newspaper which ran from 30 June 1735-20 +June 1745. The incomplete words, "Se—s" (1. 66, p. 4) and "P———ts!" +(1. 79, p. 5) refer to Senates and Parliaments respectively. Walpole's +claim (1. 89, p. 5) that "<i>Gin</i> would then be drank without control" +refers to the government's Gin Act of 1736, which placed an excise of +five shillings a gallon on gin. His later claim that there would be "No +<i>License</i> on the <i>Press</i>, or on the <i>Stage</i>" (1. 98, p. 6) refers to the +Stage Licensing Act of 1737, which placed the theatre under the control +of the Lord Chamberlain. +</p> +<p> +For Pope's ironic application of the epithet "sturdy" (1. 164, p. 9) to +the London Merchants see the notes to <i>Are these things so?</i>. Pope's +mention of "<i>Angria</i>" (1. 204, p. 11) is a comparison of Walpole to a +Mahrattan pirate chief of the early part of the century. Walpole's +introduction to his own epitaph, "They <i>best</i> can speak it, who will +<i>feel</i> it most" (1. 223, p. 12) is an allusion to Pope's <i>Eloisa to +Abelard</i> (1. 366): "He best can paint 'em who shall feel 'em most." +</p> +<p class="noindent"> +UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO<br> +London, Ontario, Canada +</p> + +<div style="height: 4em;"><br></div> + +<h3> + NOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION +</h3> + +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft01"> 1 </a></span><a name="fn01"></a> + H. R. Plomer, <i>A Dictionary of the Printers and Booksellers Who Were +at Work in England. 1726-1775</i> (Oxford, 1932), p. 61. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft02"> 2 </a></span><a name="fn02"></a> + <i>The London Daily Post and General Advertiser</i>, 23 October 1740. +"This Day is Published. Are these things so? The previous question from +an Englishman in his Grotto, to a Great Man at Court." +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft03"> 3 </a></span><a name="fn03"></a> + <i>The London Daily Post and General Advertiser</i>, 8 November 1740. +"This Day is Published. Yes, they are: Being an answer to Are these +things so?" +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft04"> 4 </a></span><a name="fn04"></a> + <i>The Daily Gazetteer</i>, 15 November 1740. "This Day is Published. +What of That! Occasioned by a Pamphlet intituled Are these things so? +And its Answer, Yes, They are:" +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft05"> 5 </a></span><a name="fn05"></a> + <i>The London Daily Post and General Advertiser</i>, 17 November 1740. +"Tomorrow will be published. The Weather-Menders. A proper Answer to Are +these things so? By Mr. Spiltimber." +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft06"> 6 </a></span><a name="fn06"></a> + <i>The Daily Gazetteer</i>, 22 November 1740. "This Evening will be +Published; The Second Edition of What of That!" +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft07"> 7 </a></span><a name="fn07"></a> + I have been unable to find an advertisement for this pamphlet, but +it must have been published at the end of November or very early in +December since <i>Have at you All</i> (see following footnote) lists it as +one of the pamphlets it is replying to. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft08"> 8 </a></span><a name="fn08"></a> + <i>The London Magazine</i>, December 1740. The Monthly Catalogue. Item +13. "Have at you all. By the Author of Yes they are." +</p> +<p class="fn"> + This listing can only be taken as giving a terminal date. The pamphlet +may well have been published in late November. <i>Are these things so?</i>, +for example, is listed in the Monthly Catalogue for November. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft09"> 9 </a></span><a name="fn09"></a> + <i>The London Daily Post and General Advertiser</i>, 1 December 1740. +"Tomorrow, at Noon, will be published. What Things? or, An Impartial +Inquiry What Things are so, and What Things are not so. Occasion'd by +two late Poems, the one entitled Are these things so? And the other +entitled Yes, they are." +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft10"> 10 </a></span><a name="fn10"></a> + <i>The Daily Post</i>, 6 December 1740. "This Day is Published. (The +Second Edition, corrected; with the Addition of twenty lines omitted in +the former Impressions) Are these things so? The previous question from +an Englishman in his Grotto to a Great Man at Court." +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft11"> 11 </a></span><a name="fn11"></a> + <i>The Daily Post</i>, 18 December 1740. "This Day is Published. The +Great Man's Answer. In a Dialogue between his Honour and the Englishman +in his Grotto. By the author of Are these things so?" +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft12"> 12 </a></span><a name="fn12"></a> + <i>The London Daily Post and General Advertiser</i>, 20 December 1740. +"This Day is Published. A Supplement to a late excellent Poem, entitled +Are these things so?" +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft13"> 13 </a></span><a name="fn13"></a> + <i>The Daily Post</i>, 23 January 1741. "This Day is Published. The +Third Edition. They are Not." +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft14"> 14 </a></span><a name="fn14"></a> + At the same time the South Sea Company agreed to pay a duty of 25% +on all profits to the King of Spain. It was the question of the payment +of this duty for illegal trips that became the basis of Spain's later +claim for reparation. These details are taken from William Coxe, +<i>Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of +Orford</i>, 3 vols. (London, 1798), I, 589. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft15"> 15 </a></span><a name="fn15"></a> + Coxe, I, 579. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft16"> 16 </a></span><a name="fn16"></a> + These figures are taken from H.W.V. Temperley, "Chapter II, The Age +of Walpole and the Pelhams," <i>The Cambridge Modern History</i>, ed. A. W. +Ward, G. W. Prothero, and Stanley Leathes (Cambridge, 1909), VI, 66. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft17"> 17 </a></span><a name="fn17"></a> + Coxe, I, 617. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft18"> 18 </a></span><a name="fn18"></a> + Coxe, I, 618 <i>n</i>. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft19"> 19 </a></span><a name="fn19"></a> + I have been unable to do any more to settle the authorship and have +had to be content here with presenting the evidence. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft20"> 20 </a></span><a name="fn20"></a> + D. E. Baker, I. Reed, and S. Jones, <i>Biographia Dramatica</i>, 3 vols. +(London, 1812), I, ii, 512-515. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft21"> 21 </a></span><a name="fn21"></a> + Robert Watt, <i>Bibliotheca Britannica</i>, 4 vols. (Edinburgh, 1824), +II, 670. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft22"> 22 </a></span><a name="fn22"></a> + Most of the details in this brief biography, including these +quotations, are taken from "The Life of the Revd. Mr. James Millar," +<i>The Lives of the Poets of Great-Britain and Ireland</i>, By Mr. +Theophilus Cibber, and other hands (London, 1753), V, 332-334. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft23"> 23 </a></span><a name="fn23"></a> + One of these, <i>The Man of Taste</i>, 1735, has sometimes been +mistakenly confused with a pamphlet written three years earlier, <i>Mr. +Taste, The Poetical Fop</i>, which viciously attacked Pope. See James T. +Hillhouse, "The Man of Taste," <i>MLN</i>, XLIII (1928), 174-176. There is no +evidence that Miller ever attacked Pope and, indeed, his political and +literary sympathies put him strongly on Pope's side. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft24"> 24 </a></span><a name="fn24"></a> + Cibber, p. 333. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft25"> 25 </a></span><a name="fn25"></a> + Maynard Mack, <i>The Garden and the City</i> (Toronto, 1969), p. 190. +Mack is the first critic to pay any attention to these pamphlets and +this reprint is largely offered to supplement his illuminating and +suggestive book. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft26"> 26 </a></span><a name="fn26"></a> + A. Pope, <i>The First Satire of the Second Book of Horace Imitated</i> +(London, 1733), l. 121. It is perhaps interesting to note that according +to J. V. Guerinot, <i>Pamphlet Attacks on Alexander Pope 1711-1744</i> +(London, 1969), p. xlviii, "No other line more infuriated the dunces, +it was for them Pope's ultimate hypocrisy." +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft27"> 27 </a></span><a name="fn27"></a> + Walpole visited Pope sometime in the summer of 1725. See Pope's +letter to Fortescue, 23 September 1725. <i>The Correspondence of Alexander +Pope</i>, ed. G. Sherburn (Oxford, 1956), II, 323. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft28"> 28 </a></span><a name="fn28"></a> + For a full account of the ways in which Pope's actual retired life +in his Twickenham villa, garden, and grotto became, in the 1730's, +emblematic of the ideal of cultivated virtue, see Maynard Mack, <i>The +Garden and the City</i>, especially Chapter VI. According to Mack, Pope +becomes "spiritual patron of the poetical opposition to Walpole" +(p. 190). +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft29"> 29 </a></span><a name="fn29"></a> + James Boswell, <i>Life of Johnson</i>, ed. R. W. Chapman (Oxford, 1953), +p. 91. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft30"> 30 </a></span><a name="fn30"></a> + This assumption is based on Johnson's comment in his life of Pope +that "the whole process was probably intended rather to intimidate Pope +than to punish Whitehead." S. Johnson, <i>Lives of the English Poets</i>, ed. +G. Birkbeck Hill (Oxford, 1905), III, 181. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft31"> 31 </a></span><a name="fn31"></a> + <i>The Gentleman's Magazine</i>, IX, 104. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft32"> 32 </a></span><a name="fn32"></a> + <i>The London Daily Post and General Advertiser</i>, Saturday, 15 +November 1740. "WHEREAS it has been generally reported that I am the +Author of a Poem, lately publish'd, entitled ARE THESE THINGS SO? I +think it necessary to assure the Public, that the said Report is without +any Foundation, being entirely a Stranger both to that Piece and +the Author of it. P. Whitehead." +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft33"> 33 </a></span><a name="fn33"></a> + "There is just now come out another imitation of the same original +[<i>Ars Poetica</i>], <i>Harlequin Horace</i>, which has a good deal of humour." +Sherburn, III, 173. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft34"> 34 </a></span><a name="fn34"></a> + See <i>Fog's Weekly Journal</i>, 14 April 1733. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft35"> 35 </a></span><a name="fn35"></a> + For an account of the publication of these verses see Mack, p. 70, +<i>n</i>. 1. +</p> +<p class="fn"><span><a class="fn" href="#ft36"> 36 </a></span><a name="fn36"></a> + It should be noted that the pamphlet is full of typographical +errors. Lines 104-106, p. 6, should be prefixed by "G.M.," since +Walpole must be the speaker, as should the last two lines in the poem, +lines 251-252, p. 13. Page ten mistakenly carries the number twelve at +the top of the page. +</p> + +<div style="height: 4em;"><br></div> + +<p class="center"> + BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE +</p> +<p class="noindent"> +The facsimiles of <i>Are these things so?</i> (1740; the +Second Edition, corrected; 163.n.57) and of <i>The +Great Man's Answer</i> (1740; 11630.h.50) are reproduced +from copies in the British Museum by kind permission +of the Trustees. +</p> + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br></div> + +<h1> +Are these Things So? +</h1> +<h2> +THE +</h2> +<h1> +<span class="smcap">Previous</span> QUESTION, +</h1> +<h2> +FROM AN +</h2> +<h1> +<span class="smcap">Englishman</span> in his GROTTO, +</h1> +<h2> +TO A +</h2> +<h1> +<span class="smcap">Great Man</span> at COURT. +</h1> +<hr> +<p class="center"> + <i>Lusisti Satis, edisti Satis, atque</i><a name="ftA"></a><a class="fn" href="#fnA"> A </a> <i>bibisti</i>,<br> + <span class="smcap">Tempus abire Tibi</span>——Horat. +</p> +<hr> +<p class="center"> +The <span class="smcap">Second Edition</span> corrected:<br> +With the Addition of Twenty Lines omitted in the +former Impressions. +</p> +<hr size="5"> +<p class="center"> +<i>LONDON:</i> +</p> +<p class="center"> +Printed for <span class="smcap">T. Cooper</span>, at the <i>Globe</i> in <i>Paternoster-Row</i>. +MDCCXL. +</p> +<br> + +<p class="fn"><span><a href="#ftA"> A </a></span><a name="fnA"></a> + Some great and erudite Criticks, instead of <i>Bibisti</i>, read <span class="smcap">Bribisti</span> in this Place. Which of the two is the most applicable, +our <span class="smcap">Querist</span> does not pretend to determine. +</p> + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br></div> + +<a name="image-0001"><!--IMG--></a> +<div class="figure"> +<img src="images/border1a.png" width="450" height="50" alt=""> + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br></div> + +</div> +<h1> +Are these Things So? +</h1> +<h3> +The <span class="smcap">Second Edition</span>. +</h3> +<h3> +With great Additions and Corrections. +</h3> + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br></div> + +<a name="image-0002"><!--IMG--></a> +<div class="figure"> +<img src="images/border2a.png" width="450" height="50" alt=""> +<br> + +</div> +<p class="center"> +(Price One Shilling.) +</p> + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br></div> + +<h2> + ADVERTISEMENT. +</h2> +<p class="noindent"> +The first Publication of the following Poem having +been entrusted to the Care of the Printer, it came, +thro' either his Ignorance or Timorousness, +extremely mutilated, and incorrect from the Press. +The twenty last Lines were left out, which made the +Conclusion very abrupt, and in a great measure +destroy'd the Intention, as well as Unity, of the +whole Piece. The Characters of some great +Personages were entirely omitted, and fictitious +Names placed to others, instead of the real ones +inserted by the Author, who was always of Opinion, +that deserved Praise, as well as just Satire, +should disdain a Mask. As to the Pointing, it was +false in almost every Line, and there were many +Words either mis-plac'd or mis-spell'd in almost +every Page. Notwithstanding its appearing under +these many Disadvantages, the Public were pleas'd +to shew their Approbation of it in general, and to +give it such a generous and uncommon Reception, +that a large Number were obliged to be printed off, +to supply the present Demand, before there was +Leisure to restore or correct any thing. The +following Edition was at length undertaken by the +Author Himself, and is entirely agreeable to the +Manuscript which he at first put into the Hands +of the Printer. +</p> + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br></div> + +<a name="image-0003"><!--IMG--></a> +<div class="figure"> +<img src="images/border3a.png" width="450" height="50" alt=""> +<br> + +</div> +<h1> +Are these Things So? +</h1> +<h2> +THE +</h2> +<h1> +<span class="smcap">Previous</span> QUESTION, +</h1> +<h2> +From an <span class="smcap">Englishman</span> in his GROTTO, +</h2> +<h2> +To a <span class="smcap">Great Man</span> at COURT. +</h2> + +<div style="height: 4em;"><br></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<p class="noindent"> +<a name="image-0007"><!--IMG--></a> +<img src="images/dropcap1a.png" width="45" height="50" alt="D" align="middle"><span class="smcap">ead</span> to the World's each Scene of Pomp or Care,<br> + Wrapp'd up in Apathy to all that's there;<br> + My sole <i>Ambition</i> o'er myself to reign,<br> + My <i>Avarice</i> to make each Hour a Gain;<br> + My <i>Scorn</i>—the Threats or Favours of a Crown,<br> + A Prince's Whisper, or a Tyrant's Frown;<br> + My <i>Pride</i>—forgetting and to be forgot;<br> + My <i>Lux'ry</i>—lolling in my peaceful Grot.<br> + All Rancour, Party, Pique, expung'd my Mind,<br> + Free or to <i>laugh</i> at, or <i>lament</i> Mankind;<br> + Here my calm Hours I with the Wise employ,<br> + And the great <i>Greek</i>, or <i>Roman</i> Sage enjoy;<br> + Or, gayly bent, the Mirth-fraught Page peruse,<br> + Or, pensive, keep a <i>Fast-Day</i> with the Muse.<br> + Close shut my Cottage-Gate, where none pretends<br> + To lift the Latch, but Virtue and her Friends;<br> + Tho' pardon me—a Word, Sir, in your Ear,<br> + Once, <i>long ago</i>, I think I saw You here.<br> +</p> +<p> + Yet to the World, all Hermit as I live,<br> + From all its vain Regards a Fugitive;<br> + Still in my Breast my <i>Country</i> claims a Part,<br> + And Love of <i>Britain</i> clings about my Heart:<br> + Then tell me, Sir, for You, 'tis said, best know,<br> + Is She, as Fame reports her, <i>fall'n so low</i>?<br> + Is <i>She</i>, who for so many Ages rode<br> + <i>Unquestion'd</i> Monarch of the <i>Water-Flood</i>;<br> + Whose freighted Barks were hail'd in ev'ry Zone,<br> + And made each <i>India's</i> envy'd Wealth her own;<br> + Protected still by such a Guardian Force,<br> + That were they e'er molested in their Course,<br> + Sure <i>Vengeance</i> on th' Aggressor straight was pour'd,<br> + Unless <i>Seven-fold</i> was for the Wrong restor'd?<br> + Is She now sunk to such <i>low Degree</i>,<br> + That <i>Gaul</i> or <i>Spain</i> must <i>limit</i> out her <i>Sea</i>?<br> + That She must ask <i>what Winds</i> her Sails shall fill,<br> + And steer by <i>Bounty</i> who once steer'd <i>at Will</i>?<br> + Whilst the vast <i>Navies</i> rais'd for her Support,<br> + <i>Nod</i> on the <i>Main</i>, or <i>rot</i> before the <i>Port</i>;<br> + With Hands <i>ty'd up</i> vain <i>Menaces</i> retail,<br> + Or try by meek <i>Perswasion</i> to prevail?<br> +</p> +<p> + And is there—<i>What!</i>—So many <i>Millions</i> gone,<br> + So <i>many</i>,—Heavens! yet nothing, <i>nothing</i> done?<br> + Do then her Pow'rs this drowsy Sabbath keep?<br> + Is there no Trump will rouse 'em from their Sleep?<br> + Are they, quite lost to Empire and Renown,<br> + Bemus'd at Home, or sunk in <i>foreign Down</i>?<br> + Or, is it true, what Fame pretends to say,<br> + That <span class="smcap">You</span>, Sir, are the <i>Author</i> of <span class="smcap">To-day</span>?<br> + That You're the fatal Cause of <i>Britain</i>'s Shame,<br> + The <i>Spend-thrift</i> of her Freedom and her Fame?<br> + That <i>Albion</i>'s Sons are, by your Arts, become<br> + The <i>Dupes</i> of Foreigners, and <i>Slaves</i> of Home;<br> + That her fam'd S—te, on whose sage Debate,<br> + And <i>free</i> Resolves, depended <i>Europe</i>'s Fate,<br> + Now meanly on your Nod <i>dependent</i> sit,<br> + And <i>Yea</i> or <i>No</i> but just as you think fit;<br> + Nay, that the <i>Chiefs</i> of even <i>Levi's Tribe</i>,<br> + Bow down to you, the <i>Converts</i> of a <i>Bribe</i>?<br> + Whilst our trim <i>Warriors</i>, deaf to Honour's Call,<br> + Now wage no War but in the Senate-Hall;<br> + There wait your <i>Generalissimo</i> Command,<br> + To fight <i>your</i> Battles 'gainst the Patriot Band?<br> +</p> +<p> + And that should <span class="smcap">One</span> more noble than the rest,<br> + Disdain to truckle to your high Behest,<br> + Speak what he thinks, and freely plead the Cause<br> + Of <i>Britain's</i> Commerce, Liberty, and Laws;<br> + Exert his Pow'r to check Corruption's Swing,<br> + And serve, at <i>once</i>, his Country and his King,<br> + His <i>dang'rous</i> Virtues are discarded straight,<br> + As sure as they are Vertues of your Hate;<br> + Stripp'd of all Honour, Dignity, and Rule,<br> + To cloath some <i>Kindred</i> Oaf, or <i>Titled</i> Tool.<br> +</p> +<p> + Or should a brave and honest <i>Adm'ral</i> dare<br> + To make one Conquest tho' in Time of War,<br> + Without <i>your Leave</i> to risk a vig'rous Blow,<br> + And shew what <i>Britons</i>, if they <i>might</i>, could do,<br> + Whilst ev'ry raptur'd Voice resounds his Praise,<br> + And grateful Hands triumphal Columns raise,<br> + Your venal Scribes are order'd all they can<br> + To <i>lessen</i> and <i>prophane</i> the <i>godlike Man</i>.<br> +</p> +<p> + That thus the <i>Fountain</i> of <i>Britannia's</i> Health,<br> + <i>Source</i> of her Grandeur, Liberty, and Wealth,<br> + Polluted by your <i>all-corrupting</i> Hand,<br> + With rank Infection deluges the Land;<br> + Parent at once of <i>Want</i> and <i>Luxury</i>,<br> + Of open Rapine and dark Treachery;<br> + The Knaves <i>Elixir</i>, and the Just Man's <i>Bane</i>,<br> + <i>Food</i> to the <i>Locust</i>, <i>Mildew</i> to the <i>Swain</i>;<br> + Pouring on those who once in <i>Goshen</i> dwelt;<br> + More deadly Plagues than <i>Ægypt</i> ever felt,<br> + And <i>worse</i> than <i>Israel's heaviest</i> Task inflicts<br> + Tho' <i>gone</i> our <i>Straw</i> yet claiming <i>double Bricks</i><br> + Whilst <i>Commerce</i> flies before th' oppressive Weight,<br> + And seeks in <i>Gaul</i> a more indulgent Fate;<br> + Where, Shame to <i>Britain</i>! the fair Stranger Guest<br> + Is hail'd with Raptures, and her <i>Wrongs</i> redress'd.<br> +</p> +<p> + "What then?" I'm told you say, "we nothing lose,<br> + "If they've our Commerce we've their wooden Shoes;<br> + "And since our <i>Merchants</i> are so <i>fancy</i> grown,<br> + "'Tis Time to pull <i>sturdy Beggars</i> down;<br> + "They mutiny'd for <i>War</i>, and <i>War</i> they have,<br> + "But <i>such a one</i> that soon a <i>Peace</i> they'll crave;<br> + "<i>Peace</i> shall be Theirs, but <i>such a Peace</i>, that then<br> + "They'll curse their Prayers and wish for War again;<br> + "Thus pois'ning to 'em what they ask as best,<br> + "I'll ruin 'em by <i>granting</i> their Request.<br> +</p> +<p> + <span class="smcap">Are these Things</span> so? Or is it Fiction all?<br> + A <i>sland'rous Picture</i> drawn in Soot and Gall?<br> + Offspring of Disappointment or Disgrace,<br> + Of Those who <i>want</i> or who have <i>lost</i> a <i>Place</i>?<br> + If so, why lives the Scandal? up for Shame,<br> + Confront your Foes, and vindicate your Fame;<br> + For, trust me Sir, to wink at such Offence,<br> + Rather proclaims a <i>Fear</i> than <i>Innocence</i>;<br> + "No one is guilty 'till he's guilty prou'd——<br> + Come then, be this wild Clamour strait remov'd;<br> + In <i>conscious Justice</i> cloath'd assert your Right,<br> + Shake off this Load of Obloquy and Spite,<br> + Like <i>Samuel</i> dauntless cry, <i>Lo here I am</i>!<br> + "Witness against me if I'm ought to blame.<br> + "Before the Lord and his Anointed say<br> + "Whose <i>Rights</i> or <i>Honours</i> have I ta'en away?<br> + "Whom, speak, have I <i>defrauded</i> or <i>oppress</i>'d,<br> + "Or ever pilfer'd <i>Forage</i> from whose Beast?<br> + "Of what vile <i>Contract</i> was I e'er the Scribe,<br> + "Or of whose Hands have I receiv'd a <i>Bribe</i>?<br> + "What <i>Scheme</i> did ever I at Home propose<br> + "But whence some <i>nameless</i> Profit would have rose?<br> + "Or what <i>C—n——n</i> e're devise abroad<br> + "But such as <i>Britain</i>'s Se——e did applaud?<br> + "What of my <i>Country</i>'s Money e'er bestow'd<br> + "Except in <i>secret Service</i> for her Good?<br> + "Or what <i>Incumbrance</i> on her <i>Commerce</i> laid,<br> + "But for th' Increase of <i>our</i> Revenues made?<br> + "In my dear Country's Service now <i>grown gray</i><br> + "<i>Spotless</i> I've walk'd before you to this Day<br> + "My Thoughts laid out my precious Time all spent<br> + "In the hard <i>Slavery</i> of <i>Government</i>;<br> + "My <span class="smcap">Brother</span> too the <i>fruitless</i> Bondage shares,<br> + "And all your <i>Peace</i> is owing to his Cares,<br> + "Girding his Loins he Travels far and near<br> + "And brings home some <i>rare Treaty</i> ev'ry Year.<br> + "You have my <span class="smcap">Sons</span> too with you who bow down<br> + "Beneath the weighty Service of the Crown;<br> + "My <span class="smcap">Cousins</span> and their <span class="smcap">Cousins</span> too—hard Fate!<br> + "Are <i>loaded</i> with the Offices of State;<br> + "And not <i>one Soul</i> of all my Kindred's free<br> + "From <i>sharing</i> in the Public Drudgery:<br> +</p> +<p> + "Why then these Shafts of Calumny you throw,<br> + "This groundless <i>Odium</i> cast on all I do?<br> + "Speak out with Freedom what you have to say,<br> + "Aside all <i>Influence</i>, <i>Pow'r</i>, and <i>Skreen</i> I lay, }<br> + "And put my Conduct on the Proof To-day." }<br> + This Sir, if you dare stand the Inquest, do,<br> + And then if you've but <i>Samuel</i>'s <i>Answer</i> too,<br> + If all this heavy Charge is void of Ground,<br> + And by the <i>publick Voice</i> you're <i>guiltless</i> found,<br> + Resume your Power, with Terrors arm'd go forth,<br> + And blast the Villains that traduc'd your Worth;<br> + Who basely durst your Righteous Course Arraign,<br> + And Soil the Glory's of great <i>Brunswick</i>'s Reign.<br> +</p> +<p> + But if you <i>know</i> your Cause is not the <i>best</i><br> + Know that you have Defrauded and Oppress'd,<br> + That you have ta'en and giv'n many a Bribe,<br> + And of a <i>wicked Contract</i> been the Scribe.<br> + That you <i>have</i> pilfer'd <i>Forage</i> from the Beast,<br> + And with the <i>Publick Wealth</i> your <i>own</i> encreas'd;<br> + That a dire <i>Scheme</i> you laid t' <i>Excise</i> the Land,<br> + And to a vile C—v——n set your Hand;<br> + That you've <i>Monopoliz'd</i> each Post and Place,<br> + To aggrandize your self and <i>Mushroom</i> Race,<br> + That all your Kindred—<span class="smcap">Brother</span>, <span class="smcap">Sons</span>, and <span class="smcap">Cousins</span>,<br> + Have <i>Titles</i> and <i>Employments</i> by the <i>Dozens</i>;<br> + And for as many <i>Sidesmen</i> as are wanted,<br> + <i>New Places</i> are contriv'd, <i>new Pensions</i> granted.<br> + If you are travell'd in these <i>crooked</i> Ways<br> + With a long Train of black <i>et Cetera's</i>;<br> + Whilst the <i>whole Nation</i> loaths your very Name,<br> + And Babes and Sucklings your <i>Dispraise</i> proclaim;<br> + Turn your Eyes inward, on yourself reflect,<br> + Think what you <i>are</i>, then what you're to <i>expect</i>:<br> + Pass a few Years the <i>Sisters</i> cut your Thread,<br> + And rank you in the Number of the Dead;<br> + But of what <i>Dead</i>? not those whose Memory,<br> + Bloom with sweet Savour through Posterity.<br> + Those deathless Worthies, who, as Good as Great,<br> + Or rais'd a fall'n, or prop'd a sinking State;<br> + Or in the breach of Desolation stood,<br> + And for their Country's Welfare pledg'd their Blood.<br> + No! with the <i>Curs'd</i> your Tomb shall foremost stand,<br> + The <span class="smcap">Gaveston's</span> and <span class="smcap">Wolsey's</span> of the Land.<br> +</p> +<p class="margleft"> + Your Epitaph—<i>In this foul Grave lies HE</i>,<br> + <i>Who dug the grave of</i> British <i>Liberty</i>.<br> +</p> +<p> + Since then your Glass has but few Hours to run,<br> + Quit quit the Reins before we're quite undone.<br> + Why should you torture out your Dregs of Life,<br> + In publick Tumult, Infamy and Strife?<br> + To the last gasp maintain a baneful Power<br> + Only to see your Country die before?<br> + If not for <i>us</i>—for your <i>own</i> Family,<br> + And as you've made 'em <i>Great</i>, pray leave 'em <i>Free</i>.<br> +</p> +<p> + But if there's nothing that can bribe your Will,<br> + From this perverse Propensity to Ill;<br> + If to the Grave you are on Mischeif bent.<br> + By growth in Crimes too harden'd to Repent.<br> + If, whilst <i>perhaps</i> you may, you <i>won't Retreat</i>,<br> + Resolv'd the Nations <i>Ruin</i> to compleat,<br> + On <i>Britain</i>'s Downfall to erect a Name,<br> + And trust to an <i>immortal Guilt</i> for Fame,<br> + May'nt the <i>Just Vengeance</i> of an injur'd Land,<br> + Thus greatly urg'd, exert a glorious <i>Stand</i>?<br> + Drive not the <i>Brave</i> and <i>Wretched</i> to Despair,<br> + For though of Freedom, Wealth and Power left bare,<br> + The Plunder'd still have <i>Tongues</i>—and they may rear,<br> + Their loud Complaints to reach their <i>Sovereign's</i> Ear,<br> + Lay, with one Voice, their <i>Wrongs</i> before the <i>Throne</i>,<br> + Whilst HE whose <i>Fame</i> to both the Poles is known,<br> + All <span class="smcap">Europe's</span> Arbiter, all <span class="smcap">Asia's</span> Theme,<br> + <span class="smcap">Affrick's</span> Delight, <span class="smcap">America's</span> Supreme;<br> + HE who does still express his Royal Care,<br> + His loving Subjects Injuries to repair;<br> + To their <i>Addresses</i> graciously attends,<br> + And above all their <i>Liberty</i> defends,<br> + Who is as Wise as Pious, Mild as Great,<br> + And whose sole Business is to nurse the State;<br> + <i>May</i> judge their Cause and, greatly rous'd, command,<br> + The <i>Staff</i> of <i>Power</i> from thy <i>polluted</i> Hand,<br> + And to some <i>abler Head</i> and <i>better Heart</i>,<br> + His long <i>dishonour'd Stewardship</i> impart.<br> +</p> +<p> + Perhaps to Thee! great <i>Carteret</i>, who can'st boast.<br> + Talents quite equal to the arduous Post;<br> + A keen Discernment; strong, yet bridled Thought,<br> + One Natures Dow'r, one by just Learning taught:<br> + Calm Fortitude, unwarp'd Integrity,<br> + And Flame divine to keep thy Country Free.<br> +</p> +<p> + Or to thy Conduct, <i>Pultney</i>! whose just Zeal,<br> + Is still exerted for the publick Weal;<br> + Whose boundless Knowledge and distinguish'd Sense,<br> + Flow in full Tides of rapid Eloquence;<br> + And to the native Treasures of whose Mind,<br> + We see form'd Worth, and wide Experience join'd.<br> +</p> +<p> + With these the darling <i>Chesterfield</i> may sit<br> + An <i>able</i> Partner—if his <i>rebel Wit</i> }<br> + Can to such <i>Pains</i> and <i>Penalties</i> submit. }<br> +</p> +<p> + And that fam'd <i>Caledonian Youth</i>, whose Morn<br> + Propitious Skies, and Noon-tide Rays adorn,<br> + Who rose so <i>early</i> in his Country's Cause,<br> + Shone, though so Young, <i>so bright</i>, that our Applause<br> + Was lock'd in Wonder—gazing Senates hung<br> + On the divine Enchantment of his Tongue;<br> + Hark with what Force he pleads in our Defence!<br> + How just he speaks an injur'd People's Sense!<br> + <i>Half</i> lost to <i>Britain</i> now, He chides his Fate,<br> + For stealing him, <i>by Titles</i>, from the State;<br> + Whilst we, lov'd <i>Polwarth</i>! with thy Titles <i>more</i>,<br> + As might such Virtues to the State restore.<br> +</p> +<p> + Then too the noble <i>Cobham</i>, first of Men!<br> + May leave his Garden for the Camp again;<br> + Call'd, like old Rome's Dictator from the Plough,<br> + To plant once more the Laurel on his Brow.<br> +</p> +<p> + And Brave <i>Argile</i>, who's form'd alike to wield<br> + The Rhet'rick of the Senate and the Field,<br> + So tun'd whose Eloquence, whose Breast so Mann'd,<br> + None can the <i>Speaker</i> or the <i>Chief</i> withstand.<br> +</p> +<p> + Yet feign Methink's I'd hope that you were clear<br> + From this <i>high Charge</i> that eccho's in my Ear;<br> + Trust that some Demon envious of my Rest<br> + With visionary Wrongs distracts my Breast,<br> + Or that this Blazon of enormous Crimes<br> + Springs from the wanton Licence of the Times.<br> + Therefore I put this <i>Question</i> to your Heart,——<br> + Speak, Culprit—<i>Are you Guilty</i>? Nay, don't Start,<br> + This is a Question all have right to ask,<br> + To answer it with <i>Honour</i> is your Task;<br> + That, If you dare unbosom, I expect,<br> + Till when, <i>I'm Yours, Sir, with all</i> due <i>Respect</i>.<br> +</p></div> + +<p class="center"> +<i>FINIS</i> +</p> + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br></div> + +<a name="image-0004"><!--IMG--></a> +<div class="figure"> +<img src="images/border4a.png" width="450" height="50" alt=""> + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br></div> + +</div> +<h2> +THE +</h2> +<h1> +GREAT MAN's +</h1> +<h1> +ANSWER +</h1> +<h3> +TO +</h3> +<h1> +Are these Things So? +</h1> + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br></div> + +<a name="image-0005"><!--IMG--></a> +<div class="figure"> +<img src="images/border5a.png" width="450" height="50" alt=""> +<br> + +</div> +<p class="center"> +(Price One Shilling.) +</p> + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br></div> + +<h2> +THE +</h2> +<h1> +GREAT MAN'S +</h1> +<h1> +ANSWER +</h1> +<h3> +TO +</h3> +<h1> +Are these Things So? +</h1> +<h3> +IN A +</h3> +<h1> +DIALOGUE +</h1> +<h3> +BRTWEEN +</h3> +<h2> +His <span class="smcap">Honour</span> and the <span class="smcap">Englishman</span> +</h2> +<h2> +in His GROTTO. +</h2> +<hr> +<p class="center"> + <i>Qui capit</i>—— +</p> +<hr> +<p class="center"> +By the <span class="smcap">Author</span> of <i>Are these Things So?</i> +</p> +<hr> +<p class="center"> +<i>LONDON:</i> +</p> +<p class="center"> +Printed for <span class="smcap">T. Cooper</span>, at the <i>Globe</i> in <i>Paternoster-Row</i>. +MDCCXL. +</p> + +<div style="height: 6em;"><br></div> + +<a name="image-0006"><!--IMG--></a> +<div class="figure"> +<img src="images/border6a.png" width="450" height="50" alt=""> +<br> + +</div> +<h2> +THE +</h2> +<h1> +GREAT MAN's +</h1> +<h1> +ANSWER +</h1> +<h3> +TO +</h3> +<h1> +Are these Things So? +</h1> + +<div style="height: 4em;"><br></div> + +<div class="poem"> +<p class="noindent"> + <i>E.M.</i><a name="image-0008"><!--IMG--></a><img src="images/dropcap2a.png" width="45" height="50" alt="H" align="middle"><span class="smcap">ail</span> blest <i>Elizium</i>! sweet, secure Retreat;<br> + Quiet and Contemplation's sacred Seat!<br> + Here may my Life's last Lamp in Freedom burn,<br> + Nor live to light my Country to her Urn:<br> + Die 'ere that huge <i>Leviathan</i> of State<br> + Shall swallow all.—Who thunders at my Gate!<br> + See <i>John</i>—But hah! what Tempest shakes my Cell?<br> + Whence these big Drops that Ooze from ev'ry Shell?<br> + From this obdurate Rock whence flow those Tears?<br> + Sure some <i>Ill Power</i>'s at hand—Soft! it appears.<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>E. M.</i> What's That approaches, <i>John</i>? <i>J.</i> Why Sir, 'tis He.<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>E. M.</i> What He? <i>J.</i> Why He Himself, Sir; the <i>great</i> <span class="smcap">He</span>.<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>E. M.</i> Enough. <i>G. M.</i> Your Slave, Sir. <i>E. M.</i> No Sir, I'm <i>your Slave</i>,<br> + Or soon shall be.—How then must I behave?<br> + Must I fall prostrate at your Feet? Or how—<br> + I've heard the <i>Dean</i>, but never saw him <i>Bow</i>.<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>G. M.</i> Hoh! hoh! you make me laugh. <i>E. M.</i> So <i>Nero</i> play'd,<br> + Whilst <i>Rome</i> was by his Flames in Ashes laid.<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>G. M.</i> Well, solemn Sir, I'm come, if you think fit,<br> + To solve your Question. <i>E. M.</i> Bless me! pray, Sir, sit.<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>G. M.</i> The Door! <i>E. M.</i> No Matter, Sir, my Door won't shut:<br> + Stay here, <i>John</i>; we've no <i>Secrets</i>. <i>G. M.</i> Surly Put!<br> + How restiff still! but I have <i>what</i> will win him<br> + Before we part, or else the Devil's in him.<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>E. M.</i> I wait your Pleasure, Sir. <i>G. M.</i> Why <i>Fame</i>, you say,<br> + Reports that I'm the Author of <span class="smcap">To-Day</span>:<br> + I am—But not the Day that you describe,<br> + Black with imagin'd Ills—Your Patriot Tribe,<br> + Those growling, restless, factious Malecontents,<br> + Who blast all Schemes, and rail at all Events;<br> + Whom Ministers, nor Kings, nor Gods can please;<br> + Whose Rage my Ruin only can appease;<br> + That motley Crew, the Scum of ev'ry Sect,<br> + Who'd fain destroy, because they can't direct;<br> + Wits, Common-Council-Men, and Brutes in Fur,<br> + Knights of the Shire, and of the Post.—<i>E.M.</i> This, Sir,<br> + Is <i>Gazetteer</i> Abuse. <i>G. M.</i> These Miscreants dire<br> + Apply the Torch themselves, then cry out Fire;<br> + In Rhime, in Prose, in Prints, and in Debate,<br> + They falsly represent the Nation's State.<br> + Go forth, and see if <i>Britain</i>'s fall'n <i>so low</i>;<br> + Fly to her Coasts, and mark the glorious <i>Show</i>:<br> + See Fleets how gallant! See <i>Marines</i> how <i>stout</i>! }<br> + That wait but till the <i>Wind shall turn about</i>. }<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>E. M.</i> What a whole <i>Twelvemonth</i>! <i>G. M.</i> Pray Sir, hear me out. }<br> + See all their Sails unfurl'd, their Streamers play;<br> + You'd think old <i>Neptune</i>'s Self kept Holiday:<br> + These shall protect our Commerce, scour the Main,<br> + The Honour of the <i>British</i> Flag maintain;<br> + Pour the avenging Thunder on the Foe, }<br> + And—<i>E. M.</i> Mighty well; but when are they to go? }<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>G. M.</i> When? Psha! why look'ee, Sir, that <i>Time</i> will show. }<br> + Next view the martial Guardians of the Land:<br> + Lo! her gay Warriors redden all the Strand:<br> + <i>Cockade</i> behind <i>Cockade</i>, each Entrance keep,<br> + Whilst in their Sheaths ten thousand Falchions <i>sleep</i>.<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>E. M.</i> But, Sir, 'tis urg'd that these are needless quite,<br> + Kept only for Review, and not for Fight:<br> + That Fleets are <i>Britain</i>'s Safety—<i>G. M.</i> Stupid Elves!<br> + Why these, Sir, are to <i>save you</i> from <i>yourselves</i>:<br> + Ye're prone, ye're prone to murmur and rebel,<br> + And when mild Methods fail, we must compel:<br> + Besides, consider Sir, <i>th' Election</i>'s near—<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>E. M.</i>—O, Sir, I'm answer'd—Now the <i>Case</i> is <i>clear</i>.<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>G. M.</i> Ay,—I shall answer all the rest as well.<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>E. M.</i> I doubt it not. <i>G. M.</i> On <i>Se—s</i> next you fell:<br> + Fie! that was paw—<i>Se—s</i> are <i>sacred</i> Things,<br> + And <i>no more</i> capable of <i>Ill</i> than—<i>Kings</i>.<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>E. M.</i> 'Tis granted. <i>G. M.</i> Yet at them your Gall is spit;<br> + You're told they <i>Yea</i> and <i>No</i> as I think fit;<br> + And that if some brave <i>One</i> Rebellious prov'd,<br> + From his Lord's Banquet he was strait remov'd;<br> + Cast into utter Darkness, like the Guest,<br> + Who was not in a <i>Wedding Garment</i> Dress'd.<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + Well, What of that? should not the <i>Blind</i> be led?<br> + Should not so vast a <i>Body</i> have a <i>Head</i>?<br> + And if <i>one Finger's gangreen'd</i>, sure 'tis best<br> + To lop it off 'ere it infect the rest.<br> + <i>Free</i> P——ts! mere stuff—What would be done?<br> + Let loose, five hundred diff'rent Ways they'd run;<br> + They'd Cavil, Jarr, Dispute, O'return, Project,<br> + And the great Bus'ness of <i>Supply</i> Neglect;<br> + On <i>Grievances</i>, not <i>Ways</i> and <i>Means</i> would go;<br> + Nor one round <i>Vote of Credit</i> e're bestow:<br> + The <i>sinking Fund</i> would <i>strangely</i> be apply'd,<br> + And <i>secret service Money</i> quite denied:<br> + Whilst <i>Soap</i> and <i>Candles</i> we <i>untax</i>'d should rue,<br> + And <i>Salt</i> itself would lose it's <i>Savour</i> too:<br> + Ev'n <i>Gin</i> would then be drank without controul,<br> + And the poor <i>civil List</i> be ne're <i>lick'd whole</i>.<br> + Down go all <i>Pensioners</i>, all <i>Placemen</i> down.<br> + Those lov'd and trusty Servants of the Crown,<br> + Who're always ready at their Chief's Command,<br> + Would have no <i>Vote</i> to save the <i>sinking</i> Land:<br> + Ev'n <i>Levy</i>'s Bench might lose it's sacred <i>Weight</i>,<br> + Remov'd, O <i>sad Translation</i>! from the State.<br> + Then Pen's like yours would <i>freely</i> vent their Rage,<br> + No <i>License</i> on the <i>Press</i>, or on the <i>Stage</i>;<br> + Whilst loyal <i>Gazetteer</i>'s, tho' ne're so witty,<br> + No more might chasten the Rebellious <i>City</i>:<br> + No more sage <i>Freeman</i> trumpet out my Fame,<br> + Nor <i>unstamp'd Farthing-Posts</i> my worth proclaim.<br> +</p> +<p> + <i>E. M.</i> Indeed—such dire <i>Calamities</i> attend!<br> + O worse, Sir, worse—Heav'n knows where it might end.<br> + Perhaps <i>Ourself</i> and our dear <i>Brother</i> too,<br> + No longer might our Country's Business do—<br> +</p> +<p> + <i>E. M.</i> That, Sir, you've done already—rather, then,<br> + <i>Your</i> Business would be done. <i>G. M.</i> Ungrateful Men!<br> + We that have serv'd you at such vast Expence, }<br> + And gone thro' thick and thin. <i>E. M.</i> There's no Defence, }<br> + Would serve your Purpose—Hence, then, good Sirs, Hence; }<br> + Fly, for the Evil Days at Hand, Pray fly—<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>G. M.</i> What leave my Country to be <i>lost</i>?—Not I;<br> + The Danger's yet but in Imagination,<br> + I hope one <i>Seven Years more</i> to <i>save</i> the Nation.<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + In vain you Patriot Oafs pronounce my Fall,<br> + Like the great <span class="smcap">Laureat</span>, <i>S'Blood I'll stand you all</i>.<br> + What tho' you've made the <i>People</i> loath my Name,<br> + I live not on such slender Food as Fame;<br> + And yet that <i>People</i>'s <i>mine</i>—My Will obey, }<br> + Implicit Bow beneath my sovereign Sway, }<br> + Whilst these my <i>Messengers</i> prepare my Way; }<br> + These all your Slanders will at Sight refute,<br> + They're sterling Evidence which none dispute.<br> + For these, Content, or to be Damn'd or Sav'd—<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>E. M.</i>—Nay if they will, why let 'em be enslav'd:<br> + If they will barter all that's Good and Great,<br> + For present Pelf, nor Mind their future State;<br> + If none Thy baleful Influence will withstand,<br> + Go forth, <i>Corruption</i>, Lord it o'er the Land;<br> + If they are Thine for better and for worse,<br> + On Them and on their Children light the Curse.<br> +</p> +<p> + <i>G. M.</i> <i>Corruption</i>, Sir!—pray use a milder Term;<br> + 'Tis only a Memento to be <i>firm</i>;<br> + The Times are greatly alter'd—Years ago,<br> + A Man would blush the World his <i>Price</i> should know:<br> + Scruple to own his <i>Voice</i> was to be bought;<br> + And meanly minded what the Million thought;<br> + Our Age more <i>Prudent</i>, and <i>Sincere</i> is grown,<br> + The Hire they <i>wisely</i> take, they <i>bravely</i> own;<br> + Laugh at the Fool, who let's his <i>Conscience</i> stand,<br> + To barr his Passage to the promis'd Land;<br> + Or, sway'd by Prejudice, or puny Pride,<br> + Thinks <i>Right</i> and <i>Int'rest</i> of a different Side.<br> +</p> +<p> + <i>E. M.</i> <i>O Nation</i> lost to Honour and to Shame!<br> + So, then, Corruption now has chang'd its Name:<br> + And what was once a paultry <i>Bribe</i>, to Day<br> + Is gently stil'd an <i>Honourable</i> Pay.<br> + Blessings on that great Genius who has wrought<br> + This strange Conversion—Who has bravely bought<br> + Our Liberty from Virtue—Pray go on.<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>G. M.</i> Of Commerce next you talk—pretend 'tis gone,<br> + To <i>Foreign</i> Climes—<i>Amen</i>, for what I care,<br> + Perdition on the Merchants—They must dare!<br> + To thwart my Purpose—I detest them—<i>E. M.</i> How!<br> + <i>G. M.</i> Yes—And I think I'm <i>even</i> with 'em now.<br> + They would not be <i>convention'd</i>, nor <i>excis'd</i>,<br> + But they shall feel the Scourge themselves advis'd;<br> + They shall be swingingly <i>bewarr'd</i>, I'll swear;<br> + And since they'd not my <i>little Finger</i> bear,<br> + My <i>Loins</i> shall press 'em 'till they guilty plead,<br> + And sue for Mercy at my Feet. <i>E. M.</i> Indeed!<br> + <i>G. M.</i> Aye, trust me, shall they——<i>E. M.</i> But don't tell 'em so; }<br> + For they're a stubborn <i>sturdy</i> Gang you know, }<br> + <i>G. M.</i> O! they'll be <i>supple</i> when their Cash runs low.<br> + Their <i>Purse</i>, which makes them proud and insolent,<br> + A trav'ling with their Commerce shall be sent—<br> + <i>E. M.</i> Take Care they don't send <i>you</i> a trav'ling first;<br> + <i>G. M.</i> No, Sir, I dare 'em now to do their Worst.<br> + <i>Seven Sessions</i> more I am at least secure—<br> + <i>E. M.</i> Nay then you'll crush 'em quite?—But are you sure,<br> + There is a <i>Spirit</i>, Sir? <i>G. M.</i> What Spirit pray?<br> + A <i>Spirit</i> that the <i>Treasury</i> can't lay.<br> + <i>E. M.</i> I'm answer'd Sir,—<i>G. M.</i> Next, Friend, one Word about<br> + Those spiteful Innuendoes you throw out,<br> + That squint at <i>Contracts</i>, <i>Forage</i>, and what not,<br> + 'Tis <i>more</i> than Time that those Things were forgot.<br> + You should not link the <i>present</i> with the <i>past</i>—<br> + <i>E. M.</i> Yes when they make one <i>glorious Whole</i> at last;<br> + When, tho' <i>Times differ</i>, <i>Actions</i> still <i>agree</i>,<br> + And what Men <i>were</i> they <i>are</i>—What they <i>will</i> be,<br> + We safely may pronounce—<i>G. M.</i> Well, Sir, but why<br> + On my dear Family and Friends this Cry?<br> + Suppose they've Places, Wealth, and Titles too,<br> + <i>Merit</i> like <span class="smcap">Ours</span> should surely have its <i>Due</i>.<br> + That <i>squaemish</i> Steward's of all Fools the worst,<br> + That lays not up for his <i>own Houshold</i> first;<br> + Nor takes a <i>proper</i> Care of those <i>staunch</i> Friends,<br> + By whose <i>good Services</i> he gains his Ends.<br> + Besides, who'd drudge the <i>Mill-Horse</i> of the State;<br> + Curst by the Vulgar, envy'd by the Great;<br> + In one fastidious Round of Hurry live,<br> + And join, in Toil, the <i>Matin</i> with the <i>Eve</i>;<br> + Be hourly plagu'd 'bout Pensions, Strings, Translations,<br> + Or, worse! that <i>damn'd Affair</i> of <i>Foreign</i> Nations.<br> + Make <i>War</i> and <i>Treaties</i> with alternate Pain:<br> + First sweat to build, then to pull down again.<br> + Who'd cringe at <i>Levees</i>, or in <i>Closets</i>—Oh!<br> + Stoop to the <i>rough</i> Remonstrance of the <i>Toe</i>?<br> + Did not some Genius whisper, "That's the Road<br> + "To Opulence, and Honours bless'd Abode;<br> + "Thus you may aggrandize yourself, and Race;<br> + "<i>Pension</i> this <i>Knight</i>, or give that <i>Peer</i> a <i>Place</i>."<br> +</p> +<p> + <i>E. M.</i> So <i>Angria</i>, Sir, as justly might declare,<br> + He <i>plunder'd</i> only to <i>enrich</i> his <i>Heir</i>;<br> + Nor longer would his <i>Piracies</i> pursue,<br> + Than 'till he had <i>provided</i> for his <i>Crew</i>.<br> +</p> +<p> + <i>G. M.</i> Your Servant, Sir, I think you're pretty <i>free</i>— }<br> + <i>E. M.</i> Why Truth is Truth, Sir, and will out, you see; }<br> + <i>G. M.</i> Yes, s'death! but <i>couple Angria</i> with <i>me</i>!<br> + <i>E. M.</i> I'll say no more on't—<i>G. M.</i> No you've said <i>enough</i>;<br> + And what you next advise, is canting Stuff.<br> +</p> +<p> + <i>Turn my Eyes inward</i>! not quite so devout;<br> + They've Task sufficient to look sharp <i>without</i>:<br> + And should the fatal Sisters cut my Thread<br> + Some <i>score Years</i> hence—I trouble not my Head }<br> + <i>Where</i> I'm entomb'd, or number'd with <i>what</i> Dead; }<br> + I want no <i>Grave-Stone</i> to promulge my <i>Fame</i>,<br> + Nor trust to <i>breathless Marble</i> for a <i>Name</i>,<br> + <span class="smcap">Britannia's</span> self a <i>Monument</i> shall stand<br> + Of the <i>bless'd Dowry</i> I bequeath my Land:<br> + Her Sons shall hourly my <i>dear Conduct</i> boast;<br> + They <i>best</i> can speak it, who will <i>feel</i> it most.<br> + But if some grateful Verse <i>must</i> grace my Urn,<br> + Attend ye <i>Gazeteers</i>—Be this the Turn—<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + <i>Weep</i>, Britons, <i>weep</i>—<i>Beneath this Stone lies He,<br> + Who set your Isle from dire Divisions free,</i> }<br> + <i>And made your various Factions all agree</i>. }<br> +</p> +<p> + <i>E. M.</i> That's right, <i>G. M.</i> You'd have me quit too—No, I'll still<br> + Drive on, and make you happy '<i>gainst your Will</i>.<br> +</p> +<p class="stanza"> + As for your <i>may</i> and <i>may</i>, Sir,—<i>may be Not</i>,<br> + Can my <i>vast Services</i> be <i>There</i> forgot?<br> +</p> +<p> + As for those <i>lauded Successors</i> you name,<br> + If once in Pow'r, they'd act the very <i>same.</i><br> + <i>E. M.</i> That's Cobweb Sophistry—Did they not fill<br> + The noblest Posts? And had they not, pray, <i>still</i>,<br> + But that they greatly scorn'd to <i>league</i> with those,<br> + Who were at once their King's and Country's Foes?<br> + <i>G. M.</i> Well, Sir, as there is nothing I can say<br> + Will with your starch'd unbending Temper weigh;<br> + My last <i>best</i> <span class="smcap">Answer</span> I'll in <i>Writing</i> leave;<br> + Pray mark it—<i>E. M.</i> How! May I my Eyes believe?<br> + <i>G. M.</i> You may—I thought I should convince you, <i>E. M.</i> Yes,<br> + That Fame for once spoke Truth—And as for <i>This</i>—<br> + <i>G. M.</i> Furies! My <i>thousand Bank</i>, Sir, <i>E. M.</i> Thus I Tear,<br> + Go, blend, <i>Corruption</i>, with <i>corrupting</i> Air.<br> + <i>G. M.</i> Amazing Frenzie! Well, if this won't do,<br> + What think you of a <i>Pension</i>? <i>E. M.</i> As of <i>You</i>.<br> + <i>G. M.</i> A <i>Place</i>—<i>E. M.</i> Be gone, <i>G. M.</i> A <i>Title</i>—<i>E. M.</i> is a <i>Lie</i><br> + When ill conferr'd <i>G. M.</i> A <i>Ribband</i>—<i>E. M.</i> I defie<br> + Farewell then Fool—If you'll accept of <i>Neither</i>,<br> + You and your <i>Country</i> may be <i>damn'd</i> together.<br> +</p></div> +<p class="center"> +<i>FINIS</i> +</p> + +<div style="height: 4em;"><br></div> + +<p class="center"> +WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK<br> +MEMORIAL LIBRARY<br> +UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES +</p> + +<div style="height: 2em;"><br></div> + +<h3> +<span class="smcap">The Augustan Reprint Society</span> +</h3> +<h3> +PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT +</h3> + +<div style="height: 4em;"><br></div> + +<h3> + <span class="smcap">The Augustan Reprint Society</span> +</h3> +<h3> + PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT +</h3> + +<p class="center"> +<b>1948-1949</b> +</p> +<p> +16. Henry Nevil Payne, <i>The Fatal Jealousie</i> (1673). +</p> +<p> +17. Nicholas Rowe, <i>Some Account of the Life of Mr. William Shakespear</i> +(1709). +</p> +<p> +18. Anonymous, "Of Genius," in <i>The Occasional Paper</i>, Vol. III, No. 10 +(1719), and Aaron Hill, Preface to <i>The Creation</i> (1720). +</p> + +<div style="height: 2em;"><br></div> + +<p class="center"> +<b>1949-1950</b> +</p> +<p> +19. Susanna Centlivre, <i>The Busie Body</i> (1709). +</p> +<p> +20. Lewis Theobald, <i>Preface to the Works of Shakespeare</i> (1734). +</p> +<p> +22. Samuel Johnson, <i>The Vanity of Human Wishes</i> (1749), and two +<i>Rambler</i> papers (1750). +</p> +<p> +23. John Dryden, <i>His Majesties Declaration Defended</i> (1681). +</p> + +<div style="height: 2em;"><br></div> + +<p class="center"> +<b>1951-1952</b> +</p> +<p> +26. Charles Macklin, <i>The Man of the World</i> (1792). +</p> +<p> +31. Thomas Gray, <i>An Elegy Wrote in a Country Churchyard</i> (1751), and +<i>The Eton College Manuscript</i>. +</p> + +<div style="height: 2em;"><br></div> + +<p class="center"> +<b>1952-1953</b> +</p> +<p> +41. Bernard Mandeville, <i>A Letter to Dion</i> (1732). +</p> + +<div style="height: 2em;"><br></div> + +<p class="center"> +<b>1962-1963</b> +</p> +<p> +98. Selected Hymns Taken Out of Mr. Herbert's <i>Temple</i> ... (1697). +</p> + +<div style="height: 2em;"><br></div> + +<p class="center"> +<b>1964-1965</b> +</p> +<p> +109. Sir William Temple, <i>An Essay Upon the Original and Nature of +Government</i> (1680). +</p> +<p> +110. John Tutchin, <i>Selected Poems</i> (1685-1700). +</p> +<p> +111. Anonymous, <i>Political Justice</i> (1736). +</p> +<p> +112. Robert Dodsley, <i>An Essay on Fable</i> (1764). +</p> +<p> +113. T. R., <i>An Essay Concerning Critical and Curious Learning</i> (1698). +</p> +<p> +114. <i>Two Poems Against Pope</i>: Leonard Welsted, <i>One Epistle to Mr. A. +Pope</i> (1730), and Anonymous, <i>The Blatant Beast</i> (1742). +</p> + +<div style="height: 2em;"><br></div> + +<p class="center"> +<b>1965-1966</b> +</p> +<p> +115. Daniel Defoe and others, <i>Accounts of the Apparition of Mrs. Veal</i>. +</p> +<p> +116. Charles Macklin, <i>The Covent Garden Theatre</i> (1752). +</p> +<p> +117. Sir Roger L'Estrange, <i>Citt and Bumpkin</i> (1680). +</p> +<p> +118. Henry More, <i>Enthusiasmus Triumphatus</i> (1662). +</p> +<p> +119. Thomas Traherne, <i>Meditations on the Six Days of the Creation</i> +(1717). +</p> +<p> +120. Bernard Mandeville, <i>Aesop Dress'd or a Collection of Fables</i> +(1740). +</p> + +<div style="height: 2em;"><br></div> + +<p class="center"> +<b>1966-1967</b> +</p> +<p> +123. Edmond Malone, <i>Cursory Observations on the Poems Attributed to +Mr. Thomas Rowley</i> (1782). +</p> +<p> +124. Anonymous, <i>The Female Wits</i> (1704). +</p> +<p> +125. Anonymous, <i>The Scribleriad</i> (1742). Lord Hervey, <i>The Difference +Between Verbal and Practical Virtue</i> (1742). +</p> + +<div style="height: 2em;"><br></div> + +<p class="center"> +<b>1967-1968</b> +</p> +<p> +129. Lawrence Echard, Prefaces to <i>Terence's Comedies</i> (1694) and +<i>Plautus's Comedies</i> (1694). +</p> +<p> +130. Henry More, <i>Democritus Platonissans</i> (1646). +</p> +<p> +132. Walter Harte, <i>An Essay on Satire, Particularly on the Dunciad</i> +(1730). +</p> + +<div style="height: 2em;"><br></div> + +<p class="center"> +<b>1968-1969</b> +</p> +<p> +133. John Courtenay, <i>A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral +Character of the Late Samuel Johnson</i> (1786). +</p> +<p> +134. John Downes, <i>Roscius Anglicanus</i> (1708). +</p> +<p> +135. Sir John Hill, <i>Hypochondriasis, a Practical Treatise</i> (1766). +</p> +<p> +136. Thomas Sheridan, <i>Discourse ... Being Introductory to His Course of +Lectures on Elocution and the English Language</i> (1759). +</p> +<p> +137. Arthur Murphy, <i>The Englishman From Paris</i> (1736). +</p> + +<div style="height: 2em;"><br></div> + +<p class="center"> +<b>1969-1970</b> +</p> +<p> +138. [Catherine Trotter], <i>Olinda's Adventures</i> (1718). +</p> +<p> +139. John Ogilvie, <i>An Essay on the Lyric Poetry of the Ancients</i> +(1762). +</p> +<p> +140. <i>A Learned Dissertation on Dumpling</i> (1726) and <i>Pudding Burnt to +Pot or a Compleat Key to the Dissertation on Dumpling</i> (1727). +</p> +<p> +141. Selections from Sir Roger L'Estrange's <i>Observator</i> (1681-1687). +</p> +<p> +142. Anthony Collins, <i>A Discourse Concerning Ridicule and Irony in +Writing</i> (1729). +</p> +<p> +143. <i>A Letter From A Clergyman to His Friend, With An Account of the +Travels of Captain Lemuel Gulliver</i> (1726). +</p> +<p> +144. <i>The Art of Architecture, A Poem. In Imitation of Horace's Art of +Poetry</i> (1742). +</p> + +<div style="height: 2em;"><br></div> + +<p class="center"> +<b>1970-1971</b> +</p> +<p> +145-146. Thomas Shelton, <i>A Tutor to Tachygraphy, or Short-writing</i> +(1642) and <i>Tachygraphy</i> (1647). +</p> +<p> +147-148. <i>Deformities of Dr. Samuel Johnson</i> (1782). +</p> +<p> +149. <i>Poeta de Tristibus: or, the Poet's Complaint</i> (1682). +</p> +<p> +150. Gerard Langbaine, <i>Momus Triumphans: or, the Plagiaries +of the English Stage</i> (1687). +</p> + +<div style="height: 2em;"><br></div> + +<p class="noindent"> +Publications of the first fifteen years of the Society (numbers 1-90) +are available in paperbound units of six issues at $16.00 per unit, from +the Kraus Reprint Company, 16 East 46th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. +</p> +<p class="noindent"> +Publications in print are available at the regular membership rate of +$5.00 for individuals and $8.00 for institutions per year. Prices of +single issues may be obtained upon request. 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(1740) The Great Man's +Answer to Are These things So: (1740), by Anonymous + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Are these Things So? (1740) The Great Man's Answer to Are These things So: (1740) + +Author: Anonymous + +Editor: Ian Gordon + +Release Date: December 11, 2011 [EBook #38275] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ARE THESE THINGS SO? (1740) *** + + + + +Produced by Tor Martin Kristiansen, Sharon Vaninger, Joseph +Cooper and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + +[Transcriber's Note: Apparent printer's errors retained.] + + + + + THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + + Are these Things So? + + 1740 + + THE GREAT MAN'S + ANSWER + TO + Are these Things So? + + (1740) + + _Introduction by_ + IAN GORDON + + PUBLICATION NUMBER 153 + WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK MEMORIAL LIBRARY + UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES + 1972 + + + + + GENERAL EDITORS + + William E. Conway, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + George Robert Guffey, University of California, Los Angeles + Maximillian E. Novak, University of California, Los Angeles + David S. Rodes, University of California, Los Angeles + + + ADVISORY EDITORS + + Richard C. Boys, University of Michigan + James L. Clifford, Columbia University + Ralph Cohen, University of Virginia + Vinton A. Dearing, University of California, Los Angeles + Arthur Friedman, University of Chicago + Louis A. Landa, Princeton University + Earl Miner, University of California, Los Angeles + Samuel H. Monk, University of Minnesota + Everett T. Moore, University of California, Los Angeles + Lawrence Clark Powell, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + James Sutherland, University College, London + H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., University of California, Los Angeles + Robert Vosper, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + Curt A. Zimansky, State University of Iowa + + + CORRESPONDING SECRETARY + + Edna C. Davis, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + + + EDITORIAL ASSISTANT + + Jean T. Shebanek, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + +The two pamphlets reproduced here belong to the fierce heightening in +the pamphlet campaign against Robert Walpole that took place at the end +of 1740. They represent only two efforts within a brief but furious +encounter that gave rise to the publication of no fewer than nine +separate poems. On Thursday, 23 October 1740, Thomas Cooper, "one of the +most prolific printers and publishers of the pamphlet literature of the +eighteenth century,"[1] published a savage denunciation of Walpole +called _Are these things so?_[2] This pamphlet, which took the fictional +form of an open letter from Alexander Pope, "An Englishman in his +Grotto," to Robert Walpole, "A Great Man at Court," set off a round of +verse writing among the party hacks of the day that vividly illustrates +the close relationship between literature and politics in the first half +of the eighteenth century. Within the space of two months eight further +pamphlets directly related to this pamphlet and to Walpole's position as +First Minister were published. Such a spate of literary activity is only +remarkable, however, when compared with other ages. While it is +inconceivable that the publication of any poem in our own day, even by a +major writer, should arouse such a response, it is reasonably typical of +the first half of the eighteenth century that the publication of an +occasional poem by a minor, indeed anonymous, writer should do so. + +On Saturday, 8 November, two weeks after the opening blast, Cooper +delivered a second volley, an equally fierce (although largely +repetitive) denunciation of Walpole entitled _Yes, they are:_.[3] A week +later still, on Saturday, 15 November, the first pro-Government riposte, +called _What of That!_, was published,[4] followed three days later, on +18 November, by a second reply, _The Weather-Menders: A proper Answer to +Are these things so?_[5] The second edition of _What of That!_ was +published on the following Saturday, 22 November,[6] and a third +pro-Walpole poem entitled _They are Not_, was also published at about +this time.[7] At the end of November, or early in December, a reply to +all three of these defences of Walpole appeared carrying the title, +_Have at you All_.[8] On Tuesday, 2 December, the pro-Walpole forces +returned to the attack again with a poem entitled _What Things?_[9] This +was followed on Saturday, 6 December, by the second edition, "corrected, +with the addition of twenty lines omitted in the former impressions" of +_Are these things so?_,[10] and on Thursday, 18 December, by yet another +anti-Walpole poem, _The Great Man's Answer_[11] purporting to be "by the +author of _Are these things so?_." But the pro-Walpole forces were still +not silenced and two days later on Saturday, 20 December, published _A +Supplement to Are these things so?_,[12] an attack on the Patriot +opponents of the Ministry. A month later still, on Friday, 23 January +1741,[13] the third edition of _They are Not_ was published. Hereafter +this particular controversy seemed to burn itself out, although an +anonymous poem entitled _The Art of Poetry_, published on 17 March 1741, +contains a long attack on _Are these things so?_. + +This confused battle is most easily summarized by saying that four +separate pamphlets (not counting second and third editions) were +published which attacked Walpole, and five which defended him. The poems +attacking Walpole are far more poetically versatile than those defending +him and it is the two most interesting of these attacks that are +reproduced here. Taken together, this series of nine pamphlets forms a +separate battle within that much larger and continuing war waged by Lord +Bolingbroke and the various supporters of the Patriot Opposition against +Sir Robert Walpole and the defenders of his Whig Ministry. From the +first publication of _The Craftsman_ on 5 December 1726 to the final +resignation of the "Great Man" on 11 February 1742 it is probably true +to say that no English politician has ever been so continuously and so +virulently attacked by so eminent an assemblage of literary persons. Gay, +Swift, Pope, Arbuthnot, Chesterfield, Lyttleton, Thomson, Fielding, and +Johnson each entered the fray at various stages. The fact that Walpole +rode out these attacks for so long is more of a comment on the +disorganized nature of the opposition politically and on the astute +manoeuvring of Walpole himself, than on the ineffectiveness of the +attacks. + +During the protracted span of this campaign there were only two periods +during which the supporters of the Patriot cause had any real chance of +toppling Walpole. The first came in 1733 when sustained opposition +forced Walpole to drop his proposed Excise Scheme, while the second +occurred five years later in 1738 and sprang from a new deterioration in +Anglo-Spanish relations. Although Walpole did not finally resign until +11 February 1742 his fall from power was a direct result of this +deterioration. His position in the House of Commons, and in the country +at large, was never as assured in the last four years of his "reign" as +it had been in the first seventeen. + +The pamphlets reproduced here deal with Walpole's declining reputation +and especially with his handling of Spanish policy. The causes of the +English differences with Spain go back to 1713 and the Treaty of Utrecht +in which the South Sea Company had been granted, amongst other +privileges, the right to send one trading vessel a year to the Spanish +possessions.[14] This right had been grossly abused by English merchants +eager to make large profits and a great number of English trading ships +annually smuggled goods to Spanish America. The Spanish governors were +only too pleased to accept such contraband trade for by it they avoided +payment of duties to the King of Spain. In order to defend themselves +against this illegal traffic the Spanish authorities established a fleet +of _guarda-costas_ to intercept, search, and, if necessary, punish the +English ships. The _guarda-costas_ did this with great effect and, on +occasion, with considerable cruelty. The most notorious example +concerned the capture, near Jamaica in 1731, of Captain Robert Jenkins' +ship, the _Rebecca_, and the ensuing removal of one of Jenkins' ears. It +was with Jenkins' presentation of this ear, which "wrapt up in cotton, +he always carried about him,"[15] before the House of Commons seven years +later in March 1738 that Anglo-Spanish differences came to a head. + +The Patriots demanded war and revenge: Walpole, however, was committed +to a policy of peace. Accordingly, he spent the rest of the year trying +to patch things up and the ill-fated Convention of Pardo concluded on 14 +January 1739 was the result. The Convention involved compromise on both +sides. England claimed that Spain owed her L343,277 by way of reparation +for damages done to English vessels, and Spain claimed that England owed +her L180,000 by way of arrears on duties due to the King of Spain. This +left a balance of L163,277 and England agreed to accept L95,000 as a +total discharge in return for payment within four months.[16] + +On 1 February Walpole laid this Convention before Parliament, and, +despite vociferous opposition, it was eventually ratified on 9 March by +a vote of 244 to 214. As a result of this ratification a considerable +section of the opposition, under the leadership of Sir William Wyndham, +immediately seceded from Parliament. Feelings had never been higher. On +15 May, one day after the payment had fallen due, Benjamin Keene, the +British Minister in Madrid, was officially informed that the L95,000 +would only be paid if Admiral Haddock removed his fleet from the +Mediterranean. England had no intention of recalling Haddock, for both +Gibraltar and Minorca would then remain defenceless, and Spain clearly +had no real intention of paying the money. From this point on war became +inevitable and on 19 October 1739 the declaration was made "and was +received by all ranks and distinctions of men with a degree of +enthusiasm and joy, which announced the general frenzy of the +nation."[17] It was on hearing the church bells pealing at the news that +Walpole made his famous remark: "They now ring the bells, but they will +soon wring their hands."[18] + +One month later, on 22 November, Admiral Vernon captured Porto Bello, +the port in which the _guarda-costas_ had been fitted out. The news +of this victory did not arrive in England until nearly four months later +on 13 March 1740, but it brought with it great public excitement and +jubilation. Thus by the end of 1740 the revenge on the Spanish had +begun. Those who had demanded war seemed justified and Walpole had been +discredited. This is the political background against which these +pamphlets are set. + + * * * * * + +Both pamphlets have been attributed to James Miller, but the evidence +for such attribution is cumulative rather than definitive.[19] _Are +these things so?_ has been far more frequently attributed to Miller +than _The Great Man's Answer_. The earliest attribution is found in +D. E. Baker's _Biographia Dramatica_ which, although it was not +published till 1812, was originally compiled by Baker sometime before +1764.[20] Robert Watt also lists _Are these things so?_ as Miller's +work in his _Bibliotheca Britannica_, Edinburgh, 1824.[21] The entries +under Miller in the _CBEL_ and _DNB_ both accept these attributions as +does the _British Museum Catalogue_. The evidence for attributing _The +Great Man's Answer_ to Miller is far more slender and rests largely on +the publisher's claim on the title page, which may well have been made +for the sake of promotion, that it is "By the Author of _Are these +things so?_". + +James Miller, 1706-1744, is better known as a comic dramatist than as a +poet. He was the son of a clergyman from Upcerne in Dorset, and was +educated at Wadham College, Oxford, where he wrote a comedy, _The +Humours of Oxford_, which was successfully performed at Drury Lane in +January 1730. On leaving Oxford he had been expected by his relations to +go into business, but "not being able to endure the servile drudgery it +demanded," he took holy orders and continued to write plays "to increase +his finances."[22] From 1730 until his death in 1744 he wrote ten plays, +several of which were performed with considerable success.[23] + +But it is as a poet that we are primarily interested in Miller. He was +the author of several occasional poems of which his _Harlequin Horace, +or the Art of Modern Poetry_, 1731, was the best known. This poem, yet +another imitation of Horace's _Ars Poetica_ is an attack on John Rich, +the manager of Lincoln's Inn Fields and Covent-Garden. The poem is +ironically full of perverse modern advice on how to write poetry. Miller +adopts the persona of a modern Grub Street poet who scorns the classical +values. Consequently Pope, who insists on standards of excellence, is +seen by the persona as the great enemy of modern poets. At the same time +it is quite clear that for Miller himself Pope is the greatest of poets. +The poem includes an attack on Walpole (ll. 209-216), and perhaps it was +this that led the agents of the Ministry to make him the large offer +referred to in the biography of Miller found in Cibber's _Lives_. But, +as the anonymous writer of this life goes on to point out, Miller "had +virtue sufficient to withstand the temptation, though his circumstances +at that time were far from being easy."[24] + +A second verse satire in the manner of Horace, _Seasonable Reproof_, +1735, has also been attributed to Miller. The poem is a general satire +on Britain's "State of Reprobation," and only makes a passing glance at +Walpole. London has been so forsaken by people all rushing to the +Italian opera that + + By _Excisemen_, it might now be taken, + And great Sir _Bob_ ride through, and save his Bacon (ll. 6-7). + +But more significant in our context is that, as Maynard Mack has shown, +the author creates a speaker "who by his careful echoings of the +_Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot_ seems to labor to be mistaken for Pope."[25] + +If Miller was the author of both _Seasonable Reproof_ and _Are these +things so?_ his fascination with the persona of the poet in his grotto +emerges as no sudden whim of wit, but as a continuing concern with the +symbolic significance of Pope's actual life. Furthermore, the poet who +attacked Walpole so violently in October 1740 emerges as no upstart +Patriot cashing in on Walpole's current unpopularity, but as a +consistent and courageous opponent of Walpole since at least 1731. + + * * * * * + +In _Are these things so?_ Pope is imagined to be speaking throughout, +although he in turn imagines what Walpole might say at various points. +The poem is full of allusions and references intended to support the +pretense that Pope is speaking. In line eight the speaker says his +luxury is "lolling in my peaceful Grot"; in lines fifteen and sixteen +he echoes Pope's famous claim in _To Fortescue_ that he is "TO VIRTUE +ONLY and HER FRIENDS, A FRIEND,"[26] when he says: + + Close shut my Cottage-Gate, where none pretends + To lift the Latch but Virtue and her Friends; + +and in lines seventeen and eighteen he shows that he knew Walpole had +once visited Pope at Twickenham.[27] + +These allusions to Pope's actual life have been carefully chosen by the +author in order to give dramatic credibility to his chosen spokesman +rather than to persuade the reader that Pope was the real author. The +impersonation of Pope is meant to be transparent: the poet is +demonstrating his versatility at imitating Pope and has considerable fun +in doing so. The only evidence that could be brought in to support an +interpretation that stressed the author's serious intent to make Pope +seem the real author concerns a Dublin reprint of the poem that actually +carried Pope's name as author on the title page. But it is extremely +unlikely that the true author had anything to do with this since the +Dublin publisher did not even bother to incorporate the corrections and +additions that the poet had made to the second edition. + +To point out that the device of creating a spokesman is meant to be seen +through is not the same thing, however, as saying that the author could +afford to admit his authorship. There were good reasons why the author +of a poem that was primarily an attack on the First Minister, and who +was himself probably without any great influence or reputation, should +need to hide the fact of his authorship. For such a person the choice of +Pope as spokesman could hardly have been more appropriate.[28] + +In May and July 1738 Pope had published his devastating attacks on the +state of the country known as _The Epilogue to the Satires_. On 31 +January 1739 Paul Whitehead published his attack on the artificialities +and disguises of Walpole's Ministry and the Court favourites in a poem +(which Boswell refers to as "brilliant and pointed"[29]) called +_Manners: A Satire_. At this point the government decided that it was +time they attempted to stop, or at least stem, these attacks. They were +not keen to confront Pope himself, but Whitehead presented a less +formidable opponent.[30] Consequently, in February 1739, he and his +publisher Robert Dodsley were summoned before the bar of the House of +Lords to account for the attacks on named individuals in _Manners_. On +Monday, 12 February, the poem "was voted scandalous, etc. by the Lords, +and the author and publisher ordered into custody, where Mr. Dodsley, +the publisher, was a week; but Mr. Paul Whitehead, the author, +absconds."[31] Whitehead anticipated this summons when he wrote in the +poem: + + _Pope_ writes unhurt--but know, 'tis different quite + To beard the lion, and to crush the mite. + Safe may he dash the Statesman in each line, + Those dread his satire, who dare punish mine (p. 15). + +Pope was then the ideal spokesman for our author's purposes: the mite +must dress up as the lion. It was admittedly almost two years since +Whitehead's original summons, but the incident was well enough +remembered to spur a gossip columnist writing in _The Daily Gazetteer_ +on 11 November 1740 to suggest that Whitehead was the author of _Are +these things so?_ Whitehead, too, evidently felt the danger of the +situation for he deemed it necessary to publish a denial four days +later.[32] + +In choosing Pope for his spokesman the author of _Are these things so?_ +showed a full awareness of the political realities. He also showed a +detailed familiarity with Pope's life and work. There is nothing, +however, to indicate that such knowledge was reciprocal, or even to +indicate that Pope knew of the poem's existence. The only evidence that +Pope knew anything about Miller's work, if indeed Miller was the author, +comes in a letter Pope wrote to Caryll on 6 February 1731 in which he +praises _Harlequin Horace_ although he does not seem to know the +author's name.[33] + +_Are these things so?_ opens with Pope challenging Walpole to explain +why Britain has fallen as low as she has and why France and Spain have +been allowed "to limit out her sea." Walpole is then imagined defending +his measures, especially the Excise Scheme, the Convention of Pardo, +Placement and the Secret Service. In the second half of the poem the +satirist repeats the charges and invites Walpole to turn his eyes inward +and imagine that he dies guilty. Pope then begs Walpole to resign and, +failing that, begs the King to intervene. The poem closes in a positive +way by turning from Walpole and listing other persons (all members of +the Opposition) that George II might appoint to a new Ministry. + +In the first edition (23 October) these persons were given fictitious +names. The second edition (6 December) not only substituted their real +names but also added twenty lines at the end which included Cobham and +Argyle in the list of worthies. It is this edition, which carries an +Advertisement explaining these changes, that we have reproduced here. + +Finally it seems helpful to append a few notes to help identify some of +the allusions. In line 63 (p. 4) the "ONE more noble than the rest" is +presumably Henry St. John, Viscount Bolingbroke who was stripped of his +title by Act of Attainder in 1725. In line 73 (p. 5) the "brave and +honest _Adm'ral_" is Vernon who captured Porto Bello on 22 November +1739. The "_sturdy Beggars_" mentioned in line 100 (p. 6), was the +appelation used by Walpole in referring to the mob outside the door of +Parliament on 14 March 1733, and was taken up by the Opposition as +pertaining to all the merchants and individuals opposed to the +Excise.[34] In line 129 (p. 8) the "C--n----n" is the Convention of Pardo +described earlier in this introduction. In line 139 (p. 8) the "BROTHER" +referred to is Horatio Walpole who was a frequent ambassador abroad for +Robert Walpole's government. In line 218 (p. 12) "HE whose _Fame_ to +both the Poles is known" is George II. + +The persons named at the end of the poem as possible replacements for +Walpole are all persons who were at one time members of the Whig party +but who had joined the opposition because of their dislike for Walpole. +John Carteret, Earl Granville (ll. 231-236, p. 13, and referred to as +Camillus in the first edition), had a long struggle with Walpole for +control of the Whig party and joined the Opposition Whigs after he +returned from the lord lieutenancy of Ireland in 1730. It was Carteret +who was to move the unsuccessful resolution on 13 February 1741, +requesting the King to remove Walpole from his "presence and counsels +for ever." William Pulteney, Earl of Bath (ll. 237-242, p. 13, and +referred to as Demosthenes in the first edition) was also an early ally +of Walpole's who later broke with him to form the Patriot party. He +became one of the editors of _The Craftsman_. Philip Stanhope, Earl of +Chesterfield (ll. 243-245, p. 13, and referred to as Atticus in the +first edition) was also a lifelong Whig who joined Carteret in leading +the opposition to Walpole in the Lords. Hugh Hume, Lord Polwarth and +Earl of Marchmont (ll. 246-257, p. 14, and referred to as "that fam'd +_Caledonian Youth_" in the first edition), had been a persistent and +relentless opponent of Walpole in the Commons, but on the death of his +father in February 1740 had acceded to the Earldom of Marchmont and been +unable to get elected as a representative peer. Although twenty years +younger than Pope (he was only 32 in 1740) he became a close friend and +was appointed an executor of his will. Pope refers to his friendship in +his _Verses on a Grotto_: "And the bright Flame was shot thro' +MARCHMONT'S Soul."[35] Sir Richard Temple, Viscount Cobham (ll. 258-261, +p. 14), was also a staunch Whig who broke with Walpole and joined the +Patriots. He, too, was an intimate friend of Pope's who addressed the +first moral essay to him and praised his famous gardens at Stowe in the +fourth. John Campbell, Duke of Argyle (ll. 262-265, pp. 14-15) was a +distinguished soldier who joined the Opposition during the discussion of +Spanish affairs. Both Pope and Thomson had celebrated his eloquence, and +ll. 262-263 here are a direct recollection of lines 86-87 in Pope's +_Epilogue to the Satires: Dialogue II_: + + ARGYLE, the State's whole Thunder born to wield, + And shake alike the Senate and the Field. + +With the exception of Carteret each of the persons named at the end of +the poem was either an acquaintance or a close friend of Pope's. We have +here one last example of the remarkable degree to which the author of +this pamphlet had assimilated the true facts of Pope's life into his +fictional re-creation. + + * * * * * + +According to the title page, _The Great Man's Answer_ is by the same +author as _Are these things so?_. Once again the setting is Pope's +grotto, but this time the poet engages Walpole in a direct dialogue. The +poem begins with the poet being disturbed in his retreat by someone +"thundering at the gate." It is Walpole who has come to answer the +questions asked in _Are these things so?_. He maintains that Britain has +not fallen as low as Pope claims and that the Honour of the Fleet is +still intact. He defends his handling of Parliament, his fiscal +policies, his appointment of Placemen and Pensioners, his attitude to +Commerce, and the self-aggrandisement involved in many of his contracts. +These defences, which only bring out a severer irony in Pope, lead up to +Walpole's version of his own epitaph in contrast to that given him in +_Are these things so?_. Where Pope had stressed his role as the +grave-digger of British Liberty, Walpole sees himself as the healer of +factions. Finally he falls back on his ultimate weapon of bribery. But +his offers of money, pension, place, title, and honour are turned down +by the poet with increasing scorn, and the poem ends with appropriate +focus on Pope' incorruptibility. + +The following notes are offered to help with the topical allusions.[36] +The poem opens with Pope directing his servant, John Serle (l. 7, p. 1), +to see who is thundering at his gate. This is a playful allusion to the +famous opening of _An Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot_ where Serle had been +urged to an exactly opposite course of action. The "_Gazetteer_ Abuse" +scornfully mentioned by Pope (l. 37, p. 3) is a reference to _The Daily +Gazetteer_, a pro-Government newspaper which ran from 30 June 1735-20 +June 1745. The incomplete words, "Se--s" (l. 66, p. 4) and "P------ts!" +(l. 79, p. 5) refer to Senates and Parliaments respectively. Walpole's +claim (l. 89, p. 5) that "_Gin_ would then be drank without control" +refers to the government's Gin Act of 1736, which placed an excise of +five shillings a gallon on gin. His later claim that there would be "No +_License_ on the _Press_, or on the _Stage_" (l. 98, p. 6) refers to the +Stage Licensing Act of 1737, which placed the theatre under the control +of the Lord Chamberlain. + +For Pope's ironic application of the epithet "sturdy" (l. 164, p. 9) to +the London Merchants see the notes to _Are these things so?_. Pope's +mention of "_Angria_" (l. 204, p. 11) is a comparison of Walpole to a +Mahrattan pirate chief of the early part of the century. Walpole's +introduction to his own epitaph, "They _best_ can speak it, who will +_feel_ it most" (l. 223, p. 12) is an allusion to Pope's _Eloisa to +Abelard_ (l. 366): "He best can paint 'em who shall feel 'em most." + + UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO + London, Ontario, Canada + + +NOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION + +[1] H. R. Plomer, _A Dictionary of the Printers and Booksellers Who Were +at Work in England. 1726-1775_ (Oxford, 1932), p. 61. + +[2] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, 23 October 1740. +"This Day is Published. Are these things so? The previous question from +an Englishman in his Grotto, to a Great Man at Court." + +[3] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, 8 November 1740. +"This Day is Published. Yes, they are: Being an answer to Are these +things so?" + +[4] _The Daily Gazetteer_, 15 November 1740. "This Day is Published. +What of That! Occasioned by a Pamphlet intituled Are these things so? +And its Answer, Yes, They are:" + +[5] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, 17 November 1740. +"Tomorrow will be published. The Weather-Menders. A proper Answer to Are +these things so? By Mr. Spiltimber." + +[6] _The Daily Gazetteer_, 22 November 1740. "This Evening will be +Published; The Second Edition of What of That!" + +[7] I have been unable to find an advertisement for this pamphlet, but +it must have been published at the end of November or very early in +December since _Have at you All_ (see following footnote) lists it as +one of the pamphlets it is replying to. + +[8] _The London Magazine_, December 1740. The Monthly Catalogue. Item +13. "Have at you all. By the Author of Yes they are." + +This listing can only be taken as giving a terminal date. The pamphlet +may well have been published in late November. _Are these things so?_, +for example, is listed in the Monthly Catalogue for November. + +[9] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, 1 December 1740. +"Tomorrow, at Noon, will be published. What Things? or, An Impartial +Inquiry What Things are so, and What Things are not so. Occasion'd by +two late Poems, the one entitled Are these things so? And the other +entitled Yes, they are." + +[10] _The Daily Post_, 6 December 1740. "This Day is Published. (The +Second Edition, corrected; with the Addition of twenty lines omitted in +the former Impressions) Are these things so? The previous question from +an Englishman in his Grotto to a Great Man at Court." + +[11] _The Daily Post_, 18 December 1740. "This Day is Published. The +Great Man's Answer. In a Dialogue between his Honour and the Englishman +in his Grotto. By the author of Are these things so?" + +[12] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, 20 December 1740. +"This Day is Published. A Supplement to a late excellent Poem, entitled +Are these things so?" + +[13] _The Daily Post_, 23 January 1741. "This Day is Published. The +Third Edition. They are Not." + +[14] At the same time the South Sea Company agreed to pay a duty of 25% +on all profits to the King of Spain. It was the question of the payment +of this duty for illegal trips that became the basis of Spain's later +claim for reparation. These details are taken from William Coxe, +_Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of +Orford_, 3 vols. (London, 1798), I, 589. + +[15] Coxe, I, 579. + +[16] These figures are taken from H.W.V. Temperley, "Chapter II, The Age +of Walpole and the Pelhams," _The Cambridge Modern History_, ed. A. W. +Ward, G. W. Prothero, and Stanley Leathes (Cambridge, 1909), VI, 66. + +[17] Coxe, I, 617. + +[18] Coxe, I, 618 _n_. + +[19] I have been unable to do any more to settle the authorship and have +had to be content here with presenting the evidence. + +[20] D. E. Baker, I. Reed, and S. Jones, _Biographia Dramatica_, 3 vols. +(London, 1812), I, ii, 512-515. + +[21] Robert Watt, _Bibliotheca Britannica_, 4 vols. (Edinburgh, 1824), +II, 670. + +[22] Most of the details in this brief biography, including these +quotations, are taken from "The Life of the Revd. Mr. James Millar," +_The Lives of the Poets of Great-Britain and Ireland_, By Mr. +Theophilus Cibber, and other hands (London, 1753), V, 332-334. + +[23] One of these, _The Man of Taste_, 1735, has sometimes been +mistakenly confused with a pamphlet written three years earlier, _Mr. +Taste, The Poetical Fop_, which viciously attacked Pope. See James T. +Hillhouse, "The Man of Taste," _MLN_, XLIII (1928), 174-176. There is no +evidence that Miller ever attacked Pope and, indeed, his political and +literary sympathies put him strongly on Pope's side. + +[24] Cibber, p. 333. + +[25] Maynard Mack, _The Garden and the City_ (Toronto, 1969), p. 190. +Mack is the first critic to pay any attention to these pamphlets and +this reprint is largely offered to supplement his illuminating and +suggestive book. + +[26] A. Pope, _The First Satire of the Second Book of Horace Imitated_ +(London, 1733), l. 121. It is perhaps interesting to note that according +to J. V. Guerinot, _Pamphlet Attacks on Alexander Pope 1711-1744_ +(London, 1969), p. xlviii, "No other line more infuriated the dunces, +it was for them Pope's ultimate hypocrisy." + +[27] Walpole visited Pope sometime in the summer of 1725. See Pope's +letter to Fortescue, 23 September 1725. _The Correspondence of Alexander +Pope_, ed. G. Sherburn (Oxford, 1956), II, 323. + +[28] For a full account of the ways in which Pope's actual retired life +in his Twickenham villa, garden, and grotto became, in the 1730's, +emblematic of the ideal of cultivated virtue, see Maynard Mack, _The +Garden and the City_, especially Chapter VI. According to Mack, Pope +becomes "spiritual patron of the poetical opposition to Walpole" +(p. 190). + +[29] James Boswell, _Life of Johnson_, ed. R. W. Chapman (Oxford, 1953), +p. 91. + +[30] This assumption is based on Johnson's comment in his life of Pope +that "the whole process was probably intended rather to intimidate Pope +than to punish Whitehead." S. Johnson, _Lives of the English Poets_, ed. +G. Birkbeck Hill (Oxford, 1905), III, 181. + +[31] _The Gentleman's Magazine_, IX, 104. + +[32] _The London Daily Post and General Advertiser_, Saturday, 15 +November 1740. "WHEREAS it has been generally reported that I am the +Author of a Poem, lately publish'd, entitled ARE THESE THINGS SO? I +think it necessary to assure the Public, that the said Report is without +any Foundation, being entirely a Stranger both to that Piece and the +Author of it. P. Whitehead." + +[33] "There is just now come out another imitation of the same original +[_Ars Poetica_], _Harlequin Horace_, which has a good deal of humour." +Sherburn, III, 173. + +[34] See _Fog's Weekly Journal_, 14 April 1733. + +[35] For an account of the publication of these verses see Mack, p. 70, +_n_. 1. + +[36] It should be noted that the pamphlet is full of typographical +errors. Lines 104-106, p. 6, should be prefixed by "G.M.," since +Walpole must be the speaker, as should the last two lines in the poem, +lines 251-252, p. 13. Page ten mistakenly carries the number twelve at +the top of the page. + + + + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE + + +The facsimiles of _Are these things so?_ (1740; the Second Edition, +corrected; 163.n.57) and of _The Great Man's Answer_ (1740; 11630.h.50) +are reproduced from copies in the British Museum by kind permission +of the Trustees. + + + + + Are these Things So? + + THE + PREVIOUS QUESTION, + FROM AN + ENGLISHMAN in his GROTTO, + TO A + GREAT MAN at COURT. + +_Lusisti Satis, edisti Satis, atque_[A] _bibisti_, +TEMPUS ABIRE TIBI----Horat. + + The Second Edition corrected: + +With the Addition of Twenty Lines omitted in the +former Impressions. + + _LONDON:_ + + Printed for T. Cooper, at the _Globe_ in _Paternoster-Row_. + MDCCXL. + +[A] Some great and erudite Criticks, instead of _Bibisti_, read +Bribisti in this Place. Which of the two is the most applicable, +our Querist does not pretend to determine. + + + + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + Are these Things So? + + The Second Edition. + + With great Additions and Corrections. + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + (Price One Shilling.) + + + + +ADVERTISEMENT. + + +The first Publication of the following Poem having +been entrusted to the Care of the Printer, it came, +thro' either his Ignorance or Timorousness, +extremely mutilated, and incorrect from the Press. +The twenty last Lines were left out, which made the +Conclusion very abrupt, and in a great measure +destroy'd the Intention, as well as Unity, of the +whole Piece. The Characters of some great +Personages were entirely omitted, and fictitious +Names placed to others, instead of the real ones +inserted by the Author, who was always of Opinion, +that deserved Praise, as well as just Satire, +should disdain a Mask. As to the Pointing, it was +false in almost every Line, and there were many +Words either mis-plac'd or mis-spell'd in almost +every Page. Notwithstanding its appearing under +these many Disadvantages, the Public were pleas'd +to shew their Approbation of it in general, and to +give it such a generous and uncommon Reception, +that a large Number were obliged to be printed off, +to supply the present Demand, before there was +Leisure to restore or correct any thing. The +following Edition was at length undertaken by the +Author Himself, and is entirely agreeable to the +Manuscript which he at first put into the Hands of +the Printer. + + + + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + Are these Things So? + + THE + PREVIOUS QUESTION, + From an ENGLISHMAN in his GROTTO, + To a GREAT MAN at COURT. + + + Dead to the World's each Scene of Pomp or Care, + Wrapp'd up in Apathy to all that's there; + My sole _Ambition_ o'er myself to reign, + My _Avarice_ to make each Hour a Gain; + My _Scorn_--the Threats or Favours of a Crown, + A Prince's Whisper, or a Tyrant's Frown; + My _Pride_--forgetting and to be forgot; + My _Lux'ry_--lolling in my peaceful Grot. + All Rancour, Party, Pique, expung'd my Mind, + Free or to _laugh_ at, or _lament_ Mankind; + Here my calm Hours I with the Wise employ, + And the great _Greek_, or _Roman_ Sage enjoy; + Or, gayly bent, the Mirth-fraught Page peruse, + Or, pensive, keep a _Fast-Day_ with the Muse. + Close shut my Cottage-Gate, where none pretends + To lift the Latch, but Virtue and her Friends; + Tho' pardon me--a Word, Sir, in your Ear, + Once, _long ago_, I think I saw You here. + + Yet to the World, all Hermit as I live, + From all its vain Regards a Fugitive; + Still in my Breast my _Country_ claims a Part, + And Love of _Britain_ clings about my Heart: + Then tell me, Sir, for You, 'tis said, best know, + Is She, as Fame reports her, _fall'n so low_? + Is _She_, who for so many Ages rode + _Unquestion'd_ Monarch of the _Water-Flood_; + Whose freighted Barks were hail'd in ev'ry Zone, + And made each _India's_ envy'd Wealth her own; + Protected still by such a Guardian Force, + That were they e'er molested in their Course, + Sure _Vengeance_ on th' Aggressor straight was pour'd, + Unless _Seven-fold_ was for the Wrong restor'd? + Is She now sunk to such _low Degree_, + That _Gaul_ or _Spain_ must _limit_ out her _Sea_? + That She must ask _what Winds_ her Sails shall fill, + And steer by _Bounty_ who once steer'd _at Will_? + Whilst the vast _Navies_ rais'd for her Support, + _Nod_ on the _Main_, or _rot_ before the _Port_; + With Hands _ty'd up_ vain _Menaces_ retail, + Or try by meek _Perswasion_ to prevail? + + And is there--_What!_--So many _Millions_ gone, + So _many_,--Heavens! yet nothing, _nothing_ done? + Do then her Pow'rs this drowsy Sabbath keep? + Is there no Trump will rouse 'em from their Sleep? + Are they, quite lost to Empire and Renown, + Bemus'd at Home, or sunk in _foreign Down_? + Or, is it true, what Fame pretends to say, + That You, Sir, are the _Author_ of To-day? + That You're the fatal Cause of _Britain_'s Shame, + The _Spend-thrift_ of her Freedom and her Fame? + That _Albion_'s Sons are, by your Arts, become + The _Dupes_ of Foreigners, and _Slaves_ of Home; + That her fam'd S--te, on whose sage Debate, + And _free_ Resolves, depended _Europe_'s Fate, + Now meanly on your Nod _dependent_ sit, + And _Yea_ or _No_ but just as you think fit; + Nay, that the _Chiefs_ of even _Levi's Tribe_, + Bow down to you, the _Converts_ of a _Bribe_? + Whilst our trim _Warriors_, deaf to Honour's Call, + Now wage no War but in the Senate-Hall; + There wait your _Generalissimo_ Command, + To fight _your_ Battles 'gainst the Patriot Band? + + And that should One more noble than the rest, + Disdain to truckle to your high Behest, + Speak what he thinks, and freely plead the Cause + Of _Britain's_ Commerce, Liberty, and Laws; + Exert his Pow'r to check Corruption's Swing, + And serve, at _once_, his Country and his King, + His _dang'rous_ Virtues are discarded straight, + As sure as they are Vertues of your Hate; + Stripp'd of all Honour, Dignity, and Rule, + To cloath some _Kindred_ Oaf, or _Titled_ Tool. + + Or should a brave and honest _Adm'ral_ dare + To make one Conquest tho' in Time of War, + Without _your Leave_ to risk a vig'rous Blow, + And shew what _Britons_, if they _might_, could do, + Whilst ev'ry raptur'd Voice resounds his Praise, + And grateful Hands triumphal Columns raise, + Your venal Scribes are order'd all they can + To _lessen_ and _prophane_ the _godlike Man_. + + That thus the _Fountain_ of _Britannia's_ Health, + _Source_ of her Grandeur, Liberty, and Wealth, + Polluted by your _all-corrupting_ Hand, + With rank Infection deluges the Land; + Parent at once of _Want_ and _Luxury_, + Of open Rapine and dark Treachery; + The Knaves _Elixir_, and the Just Man's _Bane_, + _Food_ to the _Locust_, _Mildew_ to the _Swain_; + Pouring on those who once in _Goshen_ dwelt; + More deadly Plagues than _AEgypt_ ever felt, + And _worse_ than _Israel's heaviest_ Task inflicts + Tho' _gone_ our _Straw_ yet claiming _double Bricks_ + Whilst _Commerce_ flies before th' oppressive Weight, + And seeks in _Gaul_ a more indulgent Fate; + Where, Shame to _Britain_! the fair Stranger Guest + Is hail'd with Raptures, and her _Wrongs_ redress'd. + + "What then?" I'm told you say, "we nothing lose, + "If they've our Commerce we've their wooden Shoes; + "And since our _Merchants_ are so _fancy_ grown, + "'Tis Time to pull _sturdy Beggars_ down; + "They mutiny'd for _War_, and _War_ they have, + "But _such a one_ that soon a _Peace_ they'll crave; + "_Peace_ shall be Theirs, but _such a Peace_, that then + "They'll curse their Prayers and wish for War again; + "Thus pois'ning to 'em what they ask as best, + "I'll ruin 'em by _granting_ their Request. + + Are these Things so? Or is it Fiction all? + A _sland'rous Picture_ drawn in Soot and Gall? + Offspring of Disappointment or Disgrace, + Of Those who _want_ or who have _lost_ a _Place_? + If so, why lives the Scandal? up for Shame, + Confront your Foes, and vindicate your Fame; + For, trust me Sir, to wink at such Offence, + Rather proclaims a _Fear_ than _Innocence_; + "No one is guilty 'till he's guilty prou'd---- + Come then, be this wild Clamour strait remov'd; + In _conscious Justice_ cloath'd assert your Right, + Shake off this Load of Obloquy and Spite, + Like _Samuel_ dauntless cry, _Lo here I am_! + "Witness against me if I'm ought to blame. + "Before the Lord and his Anointed say + "Whose _Rights_ or _Honours_ have I ta'en away? + "Whom, speak, have I _defrauded_ or _oppress_'d, + "Or ever pilfer'd _Forage_ from whose Beast? + "Of what vile _Contract_ was I e'er the Scribe, + "Or of whose Hands have I receiv'd a _Bribe_? + "What _Scheme_ did ever I at Home propose + "But whence some _nameless_ Profit would have rose? + "Or what _C--n----n_ e're devise abroad + "But such as _Britain_'s Se--e did applaud? + "What of my _Country_'s Money e'er bestow'd + "Except in _secret Service_ for her Good? + "Or what _Incumbrance_ on her _Commerce_ laid, + "But for th' Increase of _our_ Revenues made? + "In my dear Country's Service now _grown gray_ + "_Spotless_ I've walk'd before you to this Day + "My Thoughts laid out my precious Time all spent + "In the hard _Slavery_ of _Government_; + "My Brother too the _fruitless_ Bondage shares, + "And all your _Peace_ is owing to his Cares, + "Girding his Loins he Travels far and near + "And brings home some _rare Treaty_ ev'ry Year. + "You have my Sons too with you who bow down + "Beneath the weighty Service of the Crown; + "My Cousins and their Cousins too--hard Fate! + "Are _loaded_ with the Offices of State; + "And not _one Soul_ of all my Kindred's free + "From _sharing_ in the Public Drudgery: + + "Why then these Shafts of Calumny you throw, + "This groundless _Odium_ cast on all I do? + "Speak out with Freedom what you have to say, + "Aside all _Influence_, _Pow'r_, and _Skreen_ I lay, } + "And put my Conduct on the Proof To-day. } + This Sir, if you dare stand the Inquest, do, + And then if you've but _Samuel_'s _Answer_ too, + If all this heavy Charge is void of Ground, + And by the _publick Voice_ you're _guiltless_ found, + Resume your Power, with Terrors arm'd go forth, + And blast the Villains that traduc'd your Worth; + Who basely durst your Righteous Course Arraign, + And Soil the Glory's of great _Brunswick_'s Reign. + + But if you _know_ your Cause is not the _best_ + Know that you have Defrauded and Oppress'd, + That you have ta'en and giv'n many a Bribe, + And of a _wicked Contract_ been the Scribe. + That you _have_ pilfer'd _Forage_ from the Beast, + And with the _Publick Wealth_ your _own_ encreas'd; + That a dire _Scheme_ you laid t' _Excise_ the Land, + And to a vile C--v----n set your Hand; + That you've _Monopoliz'd_ each Post and Place, + To aggrandize your self and _Mushroom_ Race, + That all your Kindred--Brother, Sons, and Cousins, + Have _Titles_ and _Employments_ by the _Dozens_; + And for as many _Sidesmen_ as are wanted, + _New Places_ are contriv'd, _new Pensions_ granted. + If you are travell'd in these _crooked_ Ways + With a long Train of black _et Cetera's_; + Whilst the _whole Nation_ loaths your very Name, + And Babes and Sucklings your _Dispraise_ proclaim; + Turn your Eyes inward, on yourself reflect, + Think what you _are_, then what you're to _expect_: + Pass a few Years the _Sisters_ cut your Thread, + And rank you in the Number of the Dead; + But of what _Dead_? not those whose Memory, + Bloom with sweet Savour through Posterity. + Those deathless Worthies, who, as Good as Great, + Or rais'd a fall'n, or prop'd a sinking State; + Or in the breach of Desolation stood, + And for their Country's Welfare pledg'd their Blood. + No! with the _Curs'd_ your Tomb shall foremost stand, + The GAVESTON'S and WOLSEY'S of the Land. + + Your Epitaph--_In this foul Grave lies HE_, + _Who dug the grave of_ British _Liberty_. + + Since then your Glass has but few Hours to run, + Quit quit the Reins before we're quite undone. + Why should you torture out your Dregs of Life, + In publick Tumult, Infamy and Strife? + To the last gasp maintain a baneful Power + Only to see your Country die before? + If not for _us_--for your _own_ Family, + And as you've made 'em _Great_, pray leave 'em _Free_. + + But if there's nothing that can bribe your Will, + From this perverse Propensity to Ill; + If to the Grave you are on Mischeif bent. + By growth in Crimes too harden'd to Repent. + If, whilst _perhaps_ you may, you _won't Retreat_, + Resolv'd the Nations _Ruin_ to compleat, + On _Britain_'s Downfall to erect a Name, + And trust to an _immortal Guilt_ for Fame, + May'nt the _Just Vengeance_ of an injur'd Land, + Thus greatly urg'd, exert a glorious _Stand_? + Drive not the _Brave_ and _Wretched_ to Despair, + For though of Freedom, Wealth and Power left bare, + The Plunder'd still have _Tongues_--and they may rear, + Their loud Complaints to reach their _Sovereign's_ Ear, + Lay, with one Voice, their _Wrongs_ before the _Throne_, + Whilst HE whose _Fame_ to both the Poles is known, + All Europe's Arbiter, all Asia's Theme, + Affrick's Delight, America's Supreme; + HE who does still express his Royal Care, + His loving Subjects Injuries to repair; + To their _Addresses_ graciously attends, + And above all their _Liberty_ defends, + Who is as Wise as Pious, Mild as Great, + And whose sole Business is to nurse the State; + _May_ judge their Cause and, greatly rous'd, command, + The _Staff_ of _Power_ from thy _polluted_ Hand, + And to some _abler Head_ and _better Heart_, + His long _dishonour'd Stewardship_ impart. + + Perhaps to Thee! great _Carteret_, who can'st boast. + Talents quite equal to the arduous Post; + A keen Discernment; strong, yet bridled Thought, + One Natures Dow'r, one by just Learning taught: + Calm Fortitude, unwarp'd Integrity, + And Flame divine to keep thy Country Free. + + Or to thy Conduct, _Pultney_! whose just Zeal, + Is still exerted for the publick Weal; + Whose boundless Knowledge and distinguish'd Sense, + Flow in full Tides of rapid Eloquence; + And to the native Treasures of whose Mind, + We see form'd Worth, and wide Experience join'd. + + With these the darling _Chesterfield_ may sit + An _able_ Partner--if his _rebel Wit_ } + Can to such _Pains_ and _Penalties_ submit. } + + And that fam'd _Caledonian Youth_, whose Morn + Propitious Skies, and Noon-tide Rays adorn, + Who rose so _early_ in his Country's Cause, + Shone, though so Young, _so bright_, that our Applause + Was lock'd in Wonder--gazing Senates hung + On the divine Enchantment of his Tongue; + Hark with what Force he pleads in our Defence! + How just he speaks an injur'd People's Sense! + _Half_ lost to _Britain_ now, He chides his Fate, + For stealing him, _by Titles_, from the State; + Whilst we, lov'd _Polwarth_! with thy Titles _more_, + As might such Virtues to the State restore. + + Then too the noble _Cobham_, first of Men! + May leave his Garden for the Camp again; + Call'd, like old Rome's Dictator from the Plough, + To plant once more the Laurel on his Brow. + + And Brave _Argile_, who's form'd alike to wield + The Rhet'rick of the Senate and the Field, + So tun'd whose Eloquence, whose Breast so Mann'd, + None can the _Speaker_ or the _Chief_ withstand. + + Yet feign Methink's I'd hope that you were clear + From this _high Charge_ that eccho's in my Ear; + Trust that some Demon envious of my Rest + With visionary Wrongs distracts my Breast, + Or that this Blazon of enormous Crimes + Springs from the wanton Licence of the Times. + Therefore I put this _Question_ to your Heart,---- + Speak, Culprit--_Are you Guilty_? Nay, don't Start, + This is a Question all have right to ask, + To answer it with _Honour_ is your Task; + That, If you dare unbosom, I expect, + Till when, _I'm Yours, Sir, with all_ due _Respect_. + +_FINIS_ + + + + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + THE + GREAT MAN's + ANSWER + TO + Are these Things So? + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + (Price One Shilling.) + + + + + THE + GREAT MAN'S + ANSWER + TO + Are these Things So? + IN A + DIALOGUE + BRTWEEN + His HONOUR and the ENGLISHMAN + in His GROTTO. + + _Qui capit_---- + + By the Author of _Are these Things So?_ + + _LONDON:_ + + Printed for T. Cooper, at the _Globe_ in _Paternoster-Row_. + MDCCXL. + + + + +[Illustration: Decoration] + + THE + GREAT MAN's + ANSWER + TO + Are these Things So? + + + _E.M._ HAIL blest _Elizium_! sweet, secure Retreat; + Quiet and Contemplation's sacred Seat! + Here may my Life's last Lamp in Freedom burn, + Nor live to light my Country to her Urn: + Die 'ere that huge _Leviathan_ of State + Shall swallow all.--Who thunders at my Gate! + See _John_--But hah! what Tempest shakes my Cell? + Whence these big Drops that Ooze from ev'ry Shell? + From this obdurate Rock whence flow those Tears? + Sure some _Ill Power_'s at hand--Soft! it appears. + _E. M._ What's That approaches, _John_? _J._ Why Sir, 'tis He. + _E. M._ What He? _J._ Why He Himself, Sir; the _great_ HE. + _E. M._ Enough. _G. M._ Your Slave, Sir. _E. M._ No Sir, I'm _your Slave_, + Or soon shall be.--How then must I behave? + Must I fall prostrate at your Feet? Or how-- + I've heard the _Dean_, but never saw him _Bow_. + _G. M._ Hoh! hoh! you make me laugh. _E. M._ So _Nero_ play'd, + Whilst _Rome_ was by his Flames in Ashes laid. + _G. M._ Well, solemn Sir, I'm come, if you think fit, + To solve your Question. _E. M._ Bless me! pray, Sir, sit. + _G. M._ The Door! _E. M._ No Matter, Sir, my Door won't shut: + Stay here, _John_; we've no _Secrets_. _G. M._ Surly Put! + How restiff still! but I have _what_ will win him + Before we part, or else the Devil's in him. + _E. M._ I wait your Pleasure, Sir. _G. M._ Why _Fame_, you say, + Reports that I'm the Author of To-Day: + I am--But not the Day that you describe, + Black with imagin'd Ills--Your Patriot Tribe, + Those growling, restless, factious Malecontents, + Who blast all Schemes, and rail at all Events; + Whom Ministers, nor Kings, nor Gods can please; + Whose Rage my Ruin only can appease; + That motley Crew, the Scum of ev'ry Sect, + Who'd fain destroy, because they can't direct; + Wits, Common-Council-Men, and Brutes in Fur, + Knights of the Shire, and of the Post.--_E. M._ This, Sir, + Is _Gazetteer_ Abuse. _G. M._ These Miscreants dire + Apply the Torch themselves, then cry out Fire; + In Rhime, in Prose, in Prints, and in Debate, + They falsly represent the Nation's State. + Go forth, and see if _Britain_'s fall'n _so low_; + Fly to her Coasts, and mark the glorious _Show_: + See Fleets how gallant! See _Marines_ how _stout_! } + That wait but till the _Wind shall turn about_. } + _E. M._ What a whole _Twelvemonth_! _G. M._ Pray Sir, hear me out. } + See all their Sails unfurl'd, their Streamers play; + You'd think old _Neptune_'s Self kept Holiday: + These shall protect our Commerce, scour the Main, + The Honour of the _British_ Flag maintain; + Pour the avenging Thunder on the Foe, } + And--_E. M._ Mighty well; but when are they to go? } + _G. M._ When? Psha! why look'ee, Sir, that _Time_ will show. } + Next view the martial Guardians of the Land: + Lo! her gay Warriors redden all the Strand: + _Cockade_ behind _Cockade_, each Entrance keep, + Whilst in their Sheaths ten thousand Falchions _sleep_. + _E. M._ But, Sir, 'tis urg'd that these are needless quite, + Kept only for Review, and not for Fight: + That Fleets are _Britain_'s Safety--_G. M._ Stupid Elves! + Why these, Sir, are to _save you_ from _yourselves_: + Ye're prone, ye're prone to murmur and rebel, + And when mild Methods fail, we must compel: + Besides, consider Sir, _th' Election_'s near-- + _E. M._--O, Sir, I'm answer'd--Now the _Case_ is _clear_. + _G. M._ Ay,--I shall answer all the rest as well. + _E. M._ I doubt it not. _G. M._ On _Se--s_ next you fell: + Fie! that was paw--_Se--s_ are _sacred_ Things, + And _no more_ capable of _Ill_ than--_Kings_. + _E. M._ 'Tis granted. _G. M._ Yet at them your Gall is spit; + You're told they _Yea_ and _No_ as I think fit; + And that if some brave _One_ Rebellious prov'd, + From his Lord's Banquet he was strait remov'd; + Cast into utter Darkness, like the Guest, + Who was not in a _Wedding Garment_ Dress'd. + Well, What of that? should not the _Blind_ be led? + Should not so vast a _Body_ have a _Head_? + And if _one Finger's gangreen'd_, sure 'tis best + To lop it off 'ere it infect the rest. + _Free_ P----ts! mere stuff--What would be done? + Let loose, five hundred diff'rent Ways they'd run; + They'd Cavil, Jarr, Dispute, O'return, Project, + And the great Bus'ness of _Supply_ Neglect; + On _Grievances_, not _Ways_ and _Means_ would go; + Nor one round _Vote of Credit_ e're bestow: + The _sinking Fund_ would _strangely_ be apply'd, + And _secret service Money_ quite denied: + Whilst _Soap_ and _Candles_ we _untax_'d should rue, + And _Salt_ itself would lose it's _Savour_ too: + Ev'n _Gin_ would then be drank without controul, + And the poor _civil List_ be ne're _lick'd whole_. + Down go all _Pensioners_, all _Placemen_ down. + Those lov'd and trusty Servants of the Crown, + Who're always ready at their Chief's Command, + Would have no _Vote_ to save the _sinking_ Land: + Ev'n _Levy_'s Bench might lose it's sacred _Weight_, + Remov'd, O _sad Translation_! from the State. + Then Pen's like yours would _freely_ vent their Rage, + No _License_ on the _Press_, or on the _Stage_; + Whilst loyal _Gazetteer_'s, tho' ne're so witty, + No more might chasten the Rebellious _City_: + No more sage _Freeman_ trumpet out my Fame, + Nor _unstamp'd Farthing-Posts_ my worth proclaim. + + _E. M._ Indeed--such dire _Calamities_ attend! + O worse, Sir, worse--Heav'n knows where it might end. + Perhaps _Ourself_ and our dear _Brother_ too, + No longer might our Country's Business do-- + + _E. M._ That, Sir, you've done already--rather, then, + _Your_ Business would be done. _G. M._ Ungrateful Men! + We that have serv'd you at such vast Expence, } + And gone thro' thick and thin. _E. M._ There's no Defence, } + Would serve your Purpose--Hence, then, good Sirs, Hence; } + Fly, for the Evil Days at Hand, Pray fly-- + _G. M._ What leave my Country to be _lost_?--Not I; + The Danger's yet but in Imagination, + I hope one _Seven Years more_ to _save_ the Nation. + In vain you Patriot Oafs pronounce my Fall, + Like the great LAUREAT, _S'Blood I'll stand you all_. + What tho' you've made the _People_ loath my Name, + I live not on such slender Food as Fame; + And yet that _People_'s _mine_--My Will obey, } + Implicit Bow beneath my sovereign Sway, } + Whilst these my _Messengers_ prepare my Way; } + These all your Slanders will at Sight refute, + They're sterling Evidence which none dispute. + For these, Content, or to be Damn'd or Sav'd-- + _E. M._--Nay if they will, why let 'em be enslav'd: + If they will barter all that's Good and Great, + For present Pelf, nor Mind their future State; + If none Thy baleful Influence will withstand, + Go forth, _Corruption_, Lord it o'er the Land; + If they are Thine for better and for worse, + On Them and on their Children light the Curse. + + _G. M._ _Corruption_, Sir!--pray use a milder Term; + 'Tis only a Memento to be _firm_; + The Times are greatly alter'd--Years ago, + A Man would blush the World his _Price_ should know: + Scruple to own his _Voice_ was to be bought; + And meanly minded what the Million thought; + Our Age more _Prudent_, and _Sincere_ is grown, + The Hire they _wisely_ take, they _bravely_ own; + Laugh at the Fool, who let's his _Conscience_ stand, + To barr his Passage to the promis'd Land; + Or, sway'd by Prejudice, or puny Pride, + Thinks _Right_ and _Int'rest_ of a different Side. + + _E. M._ _O Nation_ lost to Honour and to Shame! + So, then, Corruption now has chang'd its Name: + And what was once a paultry _Bribe_, to Day + Is gently stil'd an _Honourable_ Pay. + Blessings on that great Genius who has wrought + This strange Conversion--Who has bravely bought + Our Liberty from Virtue--Pray go on. + _G. M._ Of Commerce next you talk--pretend 'tis gone, + To _Foreign_ Climes--_Amen_, for what I care, + Perdition on the Merchants--They must dare! + To thwart my Purpose--I detest them--_E. M._ How! + _G. M._ Yes--And I think I'm _even_ with 'em now. + They would not be _convention'd_, nor _excis'd_, + But they shall feel the Scourge themselves advis'd; + They shall be swingingly _bewarr'd_, I'll swear; + And since they'd not my _little Finger_ bear, + My _Loins_ shall press 'em 'till they guilty plead, + And sue for Mercy at my Feet. _E. M._ Indeed! + _G. M._ Aye, trust me, shall they----_E. M._ But don't tell 'em so; } + For they're a stubborn _sturdy_ Gang you know, } + _G. M._ O! they'll be _supple_ when their Cash runs low. + Their _Purse_, which makes them proud and insolent, + A trav'ling with their Commerce shall be sent-- + _E. M._ Take Care they don't send _you_ a trav'ling first; + _G. M._ No, Sir, I dare 'em now to do their Worst. + _Seven Sessions_ more I am at least secure-- + _E. M._ Nay then you'll crush 'em quite?--But are you sure, + There is a _Spirit_, Sir? _G. M._ What Spirit pray? + A _Spirit_ that the _Treasury_ can't lay. + _E. M._ I'm answer'd Sir,--_G. M._ Next, Friend, one Word about + Those spiteful Innuendoes you throw out, + That squint at _Contracts_, _Forage_, and what not, + 'Tis _more_ than Time that those Things were forgot. + You should not link the _present_ with the _past_-- + _E. M._ Yes when they make one _glorious Whole_ at last; + When, tho' _Times differ_, _Actions_ still _agree_, + And what Men _were_ they _are_--What they _will_ be, + We safely may pronounce--_G. M._ Well, Sir, but why + On my dear Family and Friends this Cry? + Suppose they've Places, Wealth, and Titles too, + _Merit_ like Ours should surely have its _Due_. + That _squaemish_ Steward's of all Fools the worst, + That lays not up for his _own Houshold_ first; + Nor takes a _proper_ Care of those _staunch_ Friends, + By whose _good Services_ he gains his Ends. + Besides, who'd drudge the _Mill-Horse_ of the State; + Curst by the Vulgar, envy'd by the Great; + In one fastidious Round of Hurry live, + And join, in Toil, the _Matin_ with the _Eve_; + Be hourly plagu'd 'bout Pensions, Strings, Translations, + Or, worse! that _damn'd Affair_ of _Foreign_ Nations. + Make _War_ and _Treaties_ with alternate Pain: + First sweat to build, then to pull down again. + Who'd cringe at _Levees_, or in _Closets_--Oh! + Stoop to the _rough_ Remonstrance of the _Toe_? + Did not some Genius whisper, "That's the Road + "To Opulence, and Honours bless'd Abode; + "Thus you may aggrandize yourself, and Race; + "_Pension_ this _Knight_, or give that _Peer_ a _Place_." + + _E. M._ So _Angria_, Sir, as justly might declare, + He _plunder'd_ only to _enrich_ his _Heir_; + Nor longer would his _Piracies_ pursue, + Than 'till he had _provided_ for his _Crew_. + + _G. M._ Your Servant, Sir, I think you're pretty _free_-- } + _E. M._ Why Truth is Truth, Sir, and will out, you see; } + _G. M._ Yes, s'death! but _couple Angria_ with _me_! + _E. M._ I'll say no more on't--_G. M._ No you've said _enough_; + And what you next advise, is canting Stuff. + + _Turn my Eyes inward_! not quite so devout; + They've Task sufficient to look sharp _without_: + And should the fatal Sisters cut my Thread + Some _score Years_ hence--I trouble not my Head } + _Where_ I'm entomb'd, or number'd with _what_ Dead; } + I want no _Grave-Stone_ to promulge my _Fame_, + Nor trust to _breathless Marble_ for a _Name_, + BRITANNIA'S self a _Monument_ shall stand + Of the _bless'd Dowry_ I bequeath my Land: + Her Sons shall hourly my _dear Conduct_ boast; + They _best_ can speak it, who will _feel_ it most. + But if some grateful Verse _must_ grace my Urn, + Attend ye _Gazeteers_--Be this the Turn-- + _Weep_, Britons, _weep_--_Beneath this Stone lies He, + Who set your Isle from dire Divisions free, } + And made your various Factions all agree_. } + + _E. M._ That's right, _G. M._ You'd have me quit too--No, I'll still + Drive on, and make you happy '_gainst your Will_. + As for your _may_ and _may_, Sir,--_may be Not_, + Can my _vast Services_ be _There_ forgot? + + As for those _lauded Successors_ you name, + If once in Pow'r, they'd act the very _same._ + _E. M._ That's Cobweb Sophistry--Did they not fill + The noblest Posts? And had they not, pray, _still_, + But that they greatly scorn'd to _league_ with those, + Who were at once their King's and Country's Foes? + _G. M._ Well, Sir, as there is nothing I can say + Will with your starch'd unbending Temper weigh; + My last _best_ Answer I'll in _Writing_ leave; + Pray mark it--_E. M._ How! May I my Eyes believe? + _G. M._ You may--I thought I should convince you, _E. M._ Yes, + That Fame for once spoke Truth--And as for _This_-- + _G. M._ Furies! My _thousand Bank_, Sir, _E. M._ Thus I Tear, + Go, blend, _Corruption_, with _corrupting_ Air. + _G. M._ Amazing Frenzie! Well, if this won't do, + What think you of a _Pension_? _E. M._ As of _You_. + _G. M._ A _Place_--_E. M._ Be gone, _G. M._ A _Title_--_E. M._ is a _Lie_ + When ill conferr'd _G. M._ A _Ribband_--_E. M._ I defie + Farewell then Fool--If you'll accept of _Neither_, + You and your _Country_ may be _damn'd_ together. + +_FINIS_ + + + + + WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK + MEMORIAL LIBRARY + UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES + + * * * * * + + THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + + PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT + + + + + THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + + PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT + + * * * * * + + +=1948-1949= + +16. Henry Nevil Payne, _The Fatal Jealousie_ (1673). + +17. Nicholas Rowe, _Some Account of the Life of Mr. William Shakespear_ +(1709). + +18. Anonymous, "Of Genius," in _The Occasional Paper_, Vol. III, No. 10 +(1719), and Aaron Hill, Preface to _The Creation_ (1720). + + +=1949-1950= + +19. Susanna Centlivre, _The Busie Body_ (1709). + +20. Lewis Theobald, _Preface to the Works of Shakespeare_ (1734). + +22. Samuel Johnson, _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ (1749), and two +_Rambler_ papers (1750). + +23. John Dryden, _His Majesties Declaration Defended_ (1681). + + +=1951-1952= + +26. Charles Macklin, _The Man of the World_ (1792). + +31. Thomas Gray, _An Elegy Wrote in a Country Churchyard_ (1751), and +_The Eton College Manuscript_. + + +=1952-1953= + +41. Bernard Mandeville, _A Letter to Dion_ (1732). + + +=1962-1963= + +98. Selected Hymns Taken Out of Mr. Herbert's _Temple_ ... (1697). + + +=1964-1965= + +109. Sir William Temple, _An Essay Upon the Original and Nature of +Government_ (1680). + +110. John Tutchin, _Selected Poems_ (1685-1700). + +111. Anonymous, _Political Justice_ (1736). + +112. Robert Dodsley, _An Essay on Fable_ (1764). + +113. T. R., _An Essay Concerning Critical and Curious Learning_ (1698). + +114. _Two Poems Against Pope_: Leonard Welsted, _One Epistle to Mr. A. +Pope_ (1730), and Anonymous, _The Blatant Beast_ (1742). + + +=1965-1966= + +115. Daniel Defoe and others, _Accounts of the Apparition of Mrs. Veal_. + +116. Charles Macklin, _The Covent Garden Theatre_ (1752). + +117. Sir Roger L'Estrange, _Citt and Bumpkin_ (1680). + +118. Henry More, _Enthusiasmus Triumphatus_ (1662). + +119. Thomas Traherne, _Meditations on the Six Days of the Creation_ +(1717). + +120. Bernard Mandeville, _Aesop Dress'd or a Collection of Fables_ +(1740). + + +=1966-1967= + +123. Edmond Malone, _Cursory Observations on the Poems Attributed to +Mr. Thomas Rowley_ (1782). + +124. Anonymous, _The Female Wits_ (1704). + +125. Anonymous, _The Scribleriad_ (1742). Lord Hervey, _The Difference +Between Verbal and Practical Virtue_ (1742). + + +=1967-1968= + +129. Lawrence Echard, Prefaces to _Terence's Comedies_ (1694) and +_Plautus's Comedies_ (1694). + +130. Henry More, _Democritus Platonissans_ (1646). + +132. Walter Harte, _An Essay on Satire, Particularly on the Dunciad_ +(1730). + + +=1968-1969= + +133. John Courtenay, _A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral +Character of the Late Samuel Johnson_ (1786). + +134. John Downes, _Roscius Anglicanus_ (1708). + +135. Sir John Hill, _Hypochondriasis, a Practical Treatise_ (1766). + +136. Thomas Sheridan, _Discourse ... Being Introductory to His Course of +Lectures on Elocution and the English Language_ (1759). + +137. Arthur Murphy, _The Englishman From Paris_ (1736). + + +=1969-1970= + +138. [Catherine Trotter], _Olinda's Adventures_ (1718). + +139. John Ogilvie, _An Essay on the Lyric Poetry of the Ancients_ +(1762). + +140. _A Learned Dissertation on Dumpling_ (1726) and _Pudding Burnt to +Pot or a Compleat Key to the Dissertation on Dumpling_ (1727). + +141. Selections from Sir Roger L'Estrange's _Observator_ (1681-1687). + +142. Anthony Collins, _A Discourse Concerning Ridicule and Irony in +Writing_ (1729). + +143. _A Letter From A Clergyman to His Friend, With An Account of the +Travels of Captain Lemuel Gulliver_ (1726). + +144. _The Art of Architecture, A Poem. In Imitation of Horace's Art of +Poetry_ (1742). + + +=1970-1971= + +145-146. Thomas Shelton, _A Tutor to Tachygraphy, or Short-writing_ +(1642) and _Tachygraphy_ (1647). + +147-148. _Deformities of Dr. Samuel Johnson_ (1782). + +149. _Poeta de Tristibus: or, the Poet's Complaint_ (1682). + +150. Gerard Langbaine, _Momus Triumphans: or, the Plagiaries of the +English Stage_ (1687). + + +Publications of the first fifteen years of the Society (numbers 1-90) +are available in paperbound units of six issues at $16.00 per unit, from +the Kraus Reprint Company, 16 East 46th Street, New York, N.Y. 10017. + +Publications in print are available at the regular membership rate of +$5.00 for individuals and $8.00 for institutions per year. Prices of +single issues may be obtained upon request. Subsequent publications may +be checked in the annual prospectus. + + + + + * * * * * + + THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + + WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK + MEMORIAL LIBRARY + + UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES + + 2520 Cimarron Street (at West Adams), Los Angeles, California 90018 + + * * * * * + + _Make check or money order payable to_ + + THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Are these Things So? 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