diff options
Diffstat (limited to '38000-h')
| -rw-r--r-- | 38000-h/38000-h.htm | 7845 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 38000-h/images/colophon.jpg | bin | 0 -> 11040 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 38000-h/images/illust_hands.jpg | bin | 0 -> 73788 bytes |
3 files changed, 7845 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/38000-h/38000-h.htm b/38000-h/38000-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..81b828c --- /dev/null +++ b/38000-h/38000-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,7845 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" +"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> + <head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> +<title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Bridge, by J. B. Elwell. +</title> +<style type="text/css"> + p {margin-top:.2em;text-align:justify;margin-bottom:.2em;text-indent:2%;} + +.bld {font-weight:bold;} + +.c {text-align:center;text-indent:0%;} + +.cb {text-align:center;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;} + +.hang {text-indent:-2%;margin-left:5%;font-weight:bold;} + +.hangg {text-indent:-2%;margin-left:5%;} + +.indbld {text-indent:10%;font-weight:bold;} + +.mrg {margin-left:8%;text-indent:0%;} + +.nwdl {text-indent:-2%;margin-left:5%;font-size:90%;} + +.r {text-align:right;margin-right: 5%;} + +.red {color:red;} + +.redhead {color:red;text-align:center;text-indent:0%; +margin:2% auto 1% auto;font-weight:bold;} + +small {font-size: 70%;} + +.und {text-decoration:underline;} + + h1 {text-align:center;clear:both;} + + h3 {margin:8% auto 2% auto;text-align:center;clear:both;} + + hr.full {width: 50%;margin:5% auto 5% auto;border:4px double gray;} + + table {margin:3% auto 3% auto;border:none;text-align:left;} + + body{margin-left:2%;margin-right:2%;background:#fdfdfd;color:black;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;font-size:medium;} + + ul {list-style-type:none;text-indent:-1em;} + +a:link {background-color:#ffffff;color:blue;text-decoration:none;} + + link {background-color:#ffffff;color:blue;text-decoration:none;} + +a:visited {background-color:#ffffff;color:purple;text-decoration:none;} + +a:hover {background-color:#ffffff;color:#FF0000;text-decoration:underline;} + +.smcap {font-variant:small-caps;font-size:95%;} + +.bbox {border:solid 3px black;padding:5%; +margin:3% auto 3%;max-width:70%;} + +.figcenter {margin:4% auto 4% auto;text-align:center;text-indent:0%;} + +.fnanchor {vertical-align:30%;font-size:.8em;} + +.footnote {text-align:center;margin:auto 3% 1% auto; +font-size:0.9em;} +</style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +Project Gutenberg's Bridge; its Principles and Rules of Play, by J.B. Elwell + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Bridge; its Principles and Rules of Play + with Illustrative Hands and the Club Code of Bridge Laws + +Author: J.B. Elwell + +Release Date: November 12, 2011 [EBook #38000] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BRIDGE *** + + + + +Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was +produced from scanned images of public domain material +from the Google Print project.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cb">BRIDGE</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">"Soon as she spreads her hand, the aerial guard</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> Descend and sit on each important card."</td></tr> +</table> + +<div class="bbox"> + +<h1><span class="red">B R I D G E</span></h1> + +<p class="cb">ITS PRINCIPLES AND RULES<br /> +OF PLAY</p> + +<p class="cb"><small>BY</small><br /> +J. B. ELWELL</p> + +<p class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/colophon.jpg" width="130" height="117" alt="colophon" title="" /> +</p> + +<p class="cb">WITH ILLUSTRATIVE HANDS AND THE<br /> +CLUB CODE OF BRIDGE LAWS<br /><br /> +<br /><br /><br /> +NEW YORK<br /> +<span class="red">CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS</span><br /> +1906</p> +</div> + +<p class="c"> +<br /><br /><br /> +<small>C<small>OPYRIGHT</small>, 1902, 1905, <small>BY</small><br /> +J. B. ELWELL</small><br /> +<br /> +<small><small>TROW DIRECTORY<br /> +PRINTING AND BOOKBINDING COMPANY<br /> +NEW YORK</small></small><br /> +</p> + +<p class="c"> +<br /><br /><br /> + <small>TO HIS PUPILS<br /> + AND TO<br /> + ALL OTHERS INTERESTED IN<br /> + THE GAME OF BRIDGE<br /> + THE AUTHOR<br /> +WOULD BEG LEAVE TO DEDICATE<br /> + THIS BOOK</small><br /> + <br /> +<br /> +</p> + +<p><a name="page_000" id="page_000"></a></p> + +<table border="3" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="center"><a href="#GLOSSARY"><b>GLOSSARY</b></a><br /> +<a href="#INDEX"><b>INDEX</b></a></td></tr> +</table> + +<h3><a name="PREFACE" id="PREFACE"></a>PREFACE</h3> + +<p>T<small>HE</small> main purpose which I have had in view +in writing this book has been to provide my +pupils with a <span class="smcap">SIMPLE</span> and <span class="smcap">ELEMENTARY</span> work on +Bridge. I have endeavoured to abstain from +assuming a knowledge of Whist or Whist +terms on the part of the reader, and have +merely attempted to write a text-book which +shall combine clear and concise statements of +my rules, with a reason for and explanation +of each one. These rules have stood the test +of practical experiment by myself and others +for the last five years, so that this statement +of them will, I trust, be of benefit both to +the beginner and to the advanced player.</p> + +<p class="r"> +J. B. E.<br /> +</p> + +<p><a name="page_001" id="page_001"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="cb"><big><big>BRIDGE</big></big></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="redhead">PLAYERS</p> + +<p>Bridge is usually played by four persons. +If there are more than four candidates, the +prior right to play is decided by cutting the +cards.</p> + +<p class="redhead">CUTTING</p> + +<p>This is done from a full pack of fifty-two cards +which have been shuffled and spread face downward +on the table. Each player draws a card. +The four cutting the lowest cards play the first +rubber. In cutting ace is low. The cards are +also cut to decide partners, the two highest +playing against the two lowest. <i>The dealer is +the player cutting the lowest card of all</i>, and he +has the choice of the seats and of the cards. +Should the two players who cut the lowest +cards draw cards of equal value, they must cut +again to decide which shall deal.</p> + +<p class="redhead">DEALING</p> + +<p>Before being dealt, the cards must be shuffled +by the dealer and then cut by the player +at his right. It is customary to play with two +packs of cards, the dealer's partner shuffling,<a name="page_002" id="page_002"></a> +or making up, for his right-hand adversary. +The cards are dealt one at a time, from left +to right, until all are exhausted, each player +having thirteen cards. The last card should +not be turned face up. There is no penalty for +a misdeal.</p> + +<p class="redhead">THE OBJECT OF THE GAME</p> + +<p>There are two separate scores to be played +for—trick and honour scores. The trick score +is credited to the side that wins more than six +tricks; the honour score to the side that holds +the majority of the trump honours. The object +of the game is to score more points than your +adversaries, tricks and honours included. This +is best done by winning a rubber.</p> + +<p class="redhead">THE GAME</p> + +<p>The game consists of thirty or more trick +points. All points in excess of thirty are +counted by the side winning them; but only +one game can be won in a deal. Honours are +a separate score and do not count toward winning +the game.</p> + +<p class="redhead">THE RUBBER</p> + +<p>The rubber is the best of three games. If the +first two games are won by the same partners +the third is not played. One hundred points +are added to the total score of the side winning +the rubber.<a name="page_003" id="page_003"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">DECLARING THE TRUMP</p> + +<p>The hand may be played either without a +trump, or a trump suit may be selected.</p> + +<p>The dealer has the option of making a declaration +or of passing that privilege to his partner. +If the dealer passes the make, his partner +must announce the trump. A trump once made +cannot be changed at any time during the deal.</p> + +<p class="redhead">TABLE OF TRICK VALUES</p> + +<p class="c">(<i>For each trick over six.</i>)</p> + +<table border="2" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="text-align:center;"> + +<tr><td>When </td><td><big>♠</big></td><td> are trumps each trick counts </td><td> 2 </td></tr> +<tr><td>When </td><td><big>♣</big></td><td> are trumps each trick counts </td><td> 4 </td></tr> +<tr><td>When </td><td><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td><td> are trumps each trick counts </td><td> 6 </td></tr> +<tr><td>When </td><td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td><td> are trumps each trick counts </td><td> 8 </td></tr> +<tr valign="top"><td style="border-bottom:1px solid black;">When<br /> +there<br /> +are</td><td> no</td><td> trumps each trick counts </td><td> 12 </td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="redhead">DOUBLING</p> + +<p>After the trump has been declared each adversary, +in turn, may increase the value of the +tricks by doubling.</p> + +<p>The leader—the player at the left of the +dealer—has the first right to double. If the +leader does not wish to double his partner may +then do so.<a name="page_004" id="page_004"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">REDOUBLING</p> + +<p>If either the leader or his partner has doubled +the trump, the dealer or his partner may re-double, +the player who has made the trump +having the first right. This process may continue +indefinitely. Doubling or redoubling +does not affect the value of the honours.</p> + +<p class="redhead">THE DUMMY</p> + +<p>When the value of each trick has been determined, +and after a card has been led, the +dealer's partner places his hand face upward on +the table—the trump suit at his right—and the +dealer plays both hands. The dealer's partner—the +dummy—is not allowed to suggest, to +touch or to play a card except at the dealer's +bidding. It is the dummy's right, should the +dealer refuse to follow in any suit, to endeavour +to prevent a revoke. (See Conversation of the +Game.)</p> + +<p class="redhead">THE PLAY</p> + +<p>In the play of the cards the ace is high and +deuce low. You must follow suit, but if you +have no card of the suit led, you may either +trump or discard. At no-trump the best card +of the suit led wins the trick.</p> + +<p class="redhead">THE CONVERSATION OF THE GAME</p> + +<p>In order to avoid giving partner information +as to the character of one's hand, both the +<i>conversation</i> of the game and its order should<a name="page_005" id="page_005"></a> +be strictly adhered to. To find that the wrong +person has announced the trump, or that a +player has doubled out of turn, or that one has +led without asking permission, is most irritating +to the other players, and a severe penalty +may often be exacted for such a mistake. The +dealer may either declare the trump or say, "I +pass." If the dealer passes, his partner must +announce the trump. The leader may either +double or say, "May I Lead, Partner?" this indicates +that he does not want to double, but +wishes to give his partner an opportunity to +do so. The leader's partner either says "No, I +double," or "lead, please."</p> + +<p>The conversation is indicated in the following +diagram.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary=""> + +<tr><td align="center" valign="middle" +rowspan="5"> +"May I lead?<br /> +or <br /> +"I double."</td> + +<td colspan="1" align="center">"Spades,"<br /> +or<br /> +"I make it Spades."</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="center" style="border-top:2px black solid;"><b>Y</b><br />Dummy</td></tr> + +<tr><td style="border-left:2px black solid;"><b>A</b> Leader</td> +<td style="border-right:2px black solid;"><b>B</b></td> +<td align="center">"No, I double,"<br /> +or<br /> +"Play, please."</td></tr> + +<tr> +<td align="center" style="border-bottom:2px black solid;">Dealer<br /><b>Z</b></td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="1" align="center">"I make it Hearts,"<br /> +or<br /> +"I pass."</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="page_006" id="page_006"></a></p> + +<p>When the trump has been doubled the maker +says, "I redouble," or "I am satisfied." If +the maker is satisfied his partner says, "I redouble," +or "I am satisfied." In many clubs +the conversation is somewhat changed and abbreviated. +"Pass." "Hearts." "I double." +"I go over." "I redouble" or "I go back." +"Enough," or a rap on the table to signify satisfaction.</p> + +<p class="redhead">TO PREVENT A REVOKE</p> + +<p>If your partner refuses to follow suit, always +ask, "Have you no (hearts), Partner?" An +error may then be rectified, but only before +the trick has been turned and quitted or before +another card has been led.</p> + +<p class="redhead">SCORING</p> + +<p>The score consists of two separate counts: +trick score and honour score. The trick score +is made by the side winning more than six +tricks in a hand. The honour score, by the +partners who hold the majority of the trump +honours. With a declared trump the honours +are A K Q J and 10. At no-trump only the +Aces count as honours. Doubling does not increase +the honour score.<a name="page_007" id="page_007"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">TABLE SHOWING VALUE OF HONOURS</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px solid black;"> +<tr><td colspan="5" align="left" +style="border-bottom:1px solid black;"><b>AT NO-TRUMP</b></td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">3 A<small>CES</small></td><td align="center">count</td><td align="right">30</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">4 A<small>CES</small></td><td align="center">"</td><td align="right">40</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">4 A<small>CES</small> in one hand</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="right">100</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-top:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;"><b>WHEN TRUMPS ARE</b></td> +<td +style="border-top:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;" align="center"><big>♠</big></td> +<td +style="border-top:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;" align="center"><big>♣</big></td> +<td +style="border-top:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black;border-right:1px solid black;" align="center"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> +<td +style="border-top:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black;" align="center"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td></tr> +<tr><td>3 Honours count</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 4</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 8</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 12</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 16</td></tr> +<tr><td>4 Honours count</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 8</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 16</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 24</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 32 </td></tr> +<tr><td>5 Honours count</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 10</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 20</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 30</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 40</td></tr> +<tr><td>4 Honours in one hand count</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 16</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 32</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 48</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 64</td></tr> +<tr><td>4 Honours in one hand, 5th </td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> </td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> </td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> </td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> </td></tr> +<tr><td> in the partner's, count </td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 18</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 36</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 54</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 72</td></tr> +<tr><td>5 H<small>ONOURS</small> in one hand count</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 20</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 40</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 60</td><td align="right" style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 80</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><span class="smcap">A Little Slam</span>, winning twelve of the thirteen +tricks, adds 20 points to the honour score.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">A Grand Slam</span>, winning all thirteen tricks, +adds 40 points to the honour score.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Chicane</span>, a hand which is without a trump, +adds the value of three honours to the honour +score.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Double Chicane</span>, a player and partner having +no trumps, adds the value of four honours +to the honour score.<a name="page_008" id="page_008"></a></p> +<p class="redhead">THE METHOD OF SCORING</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;" align="center" colspan="2">We.</td> +<td align="center" style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">They.</td></tr> + +<tr> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td> </td> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;"> </td></tr> + +<tr> +<td align="right" style="border-right:2px solid black;" valign="middle">Rubber.</td> +<td align="right" style="border-top:2px solid black;">100<br />64</td> +<td align="center" style="border-right:2px solid black;border-top:2px solid black;">H<br />o<br />n<br />o<br />u<br />r<br />s</td> +<td align="right" style="border-right:2px solid black;border-top:2px solid black;">8<br /> </td></tr> + +<tr> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td align="right">4</td> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td align="right" style="border-right:2px solid black;">40</td></tr> + +<tr> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td align="right">30</td> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td align="right" style="border-right:2px solid black;">16</td></tr> + +<tr> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td align="right">24</td> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;"> </td></tr> + +<tr> +<td valign="middle" align="right" style="border-right:2px solid black;">1st Game.</td> +<td align="right" style="border-top:2px solid black;">18<br />12</td> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;border-top:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td align="right" style="border-right:2px solid black;border-top:2px solid black;">16<br /> </td></tr> + +<tr> +<td valign="middle" align="right" style="border-right:2px solid black;">2d Game.</td> +<td style="border-top:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;border-top:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td align="right" style="border-right:2px solid black;border-top:2px solid black;">60</td></tr> + +<tr> +<td align="right" style="border-right:2px solid black;" valign="middle">Rubber.</td> +<td align="right" style="border-top:2px solid black;">8<br />40</td> +<td align="center" style="border-right:2px solid black;border-top:2px solid black;">T<br />r<br />i<br />c<br />k<br />s</td> +<td align="right" style="border-right:2px solid black;border-top:2px solid black;">8<br /> </td></tr> + +<tr> +<td align="right" style="border-right:2px solid black;">Total.</td> +<td align="right" style="border-top:2px solid black;">300</td> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;border-top:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td align="right" style="border-top:2px solid black;border-right:2px solid black;">148</td></tr> + +<tr> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td> </td> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;"> </td></tr> + +<tr> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td> </td> +<td align="left" colspan="2" style="border-right:2px solid black;">300<br />148</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black;"> </td> +<td align="left" style="border-bottom:1px solid black;">----<br />152 points won.</td> +<td style="border-right:2px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black;"> </td></tr> + +</table> + +<p><a name="page_009" id="page_009"></a></p> + +<p>After the rubber has been won the honour +score and the trick score of each side are +added, and the leaser total deducted from the +greater.</p> + +<p class="redhead">THE SCORE</p> + +<p>There is no part of the game of Bridge to +which I would more urgently request the attention +of the player than to a careful consideration +of the state of the score. <i>It is useless +to attempt to play good Bridge without a knowledge +of the score.</i> If you blindly follow rules +for making, doubling, and playing, without +knowing exactly how many points you require +to win the game as well as the number needed +by your adversaries, you will needlessly lose +many rubbers.</p> + +<p class="hang">Before you declare the trump look at the score to +determine the number of points you must +make in order to win the game.</p> + +<p class="hang">Know the score when you contemplate doubling.</p> + +<p class="hang">Never lead without knowing how many tricks +you must make in order to SAVE the game.</p> + +<p class="hang">When you are the dealer outline your play to win +the game; and if you find it impossible to +win the game be sure to SAVE it. +<a name="page_010" id="page_010"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">THE DECLARATION</p> + +<p>While a few tricks may be dropped in the +play of a hand, an unsound make may result in +the loss of several hundred points. The importance, +both of making the trump to the score +and of considering the probability of securing +an honour score, cannot be too deeply impressed +on the player's mind. This, more than any +part of the game, requires the exercise of sound +judgment. The good maker has an enormous +advantage over the weak one.</p> + +<p>Try to select the trump that will win the +greatest number of points with a strong hand, +and the one that will lose the fewest possible +number with a weak hand. Be liberal and +bold when behind in the game and conservative +and timid when ahead.</p> + +<p>In suggesting rules for the make this difficulty +must be faced: the exercise of the best +judgment in the world will not enable one to +select the successful trump <span class="smcap">EVERY</span> time; and +players are apt to forget the many times a particular +make has won, and to be impressed by +the one time the rule failed them.</p> + +<p class="hang">Follow consistently the laws for the make with +a certainty that in the large majority of +cases they will prove successful; and digress +from these laws only when the score warrants. +<a name="page_011" id="page_011"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">NO-TRUMP DECLARATION BY THE DEALER</p> + +<p>Provided the hand contain no large honour +score in hearts or diamonds, it is evident that +the no-trump declaration is more likely than +any other to result in the gain of a large score; +the dealer should, therefore, first consider his +chances of winning at no-trump. There is a +large percentage in favour of the success of an +original no-trump make. The dealer can see +and combine his own with the dummy hand; +while his adversary makes the initial lead in +the dark. The dealer can play false cards; +while the adversaries cannot afford to deceive +each other. In short the dealer plays the hand +with an exact knowledge of the cards that are +held against him, and can take advantage of +any error made, or any information given by +the adversaries. As tricks are won by small +suit cards in every no-trump hand, there is no +method of estimating how many tricks your +hand may be worth. The dealer, in declaring +no-trump, may assume that his partner's hand +will contain an average amount of strength. +If the dealer is weak in one suit he is justified +in counting on his partner's hand for some +protection in that suit. The dealer should not +declare no-trump when he is reasonably sure +of winning the game or rubber with a trump +suit; neither should the dealer declare no-trump +without an ace in his hand—unless the<a name="page_012" id="page_012"></a> +score is very desperate and then only when +his hand is exceptionally strong.</p> + +<p class="redhead">RULES FOR THE NO-TRUMP DECLARATION +BY THE DEALER</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="font-weight:bold;"> +<tr><td valign="middle" +style="border-right:1px solid black;">Holding—</td> +<td align="left">4 Aces.<br /> +3 Aces.<br /> +2 Aces and one other guarded suit.<br /> +1 Ace and three other guarded suits.<br /> +1 long established black suit (A K Q x x x <a href="#Footnote_A_1">[A]</a>) and one other Ace.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="c"><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1">[A]</a> "x" signifies small cards.</p> + +<p class="redhead">GUARDED SUITS</p> + +<p>The following may be called guarded suits:</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="10" summary="" +class="bld"> +<tr><td align="center">K Q x</td> +<td align="center">K J x</td> +<td align="center">K x</td> +<td align="center">Q J x</td> +<td align="center">Q x x</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="redhead">WEAK NO-TRUMP MAKES TO THE SCORE</p> + +<p>If the score warrants the dealer in taking a +chance at a weak make, it is safer to gamble at +no-trump than at a weak red declaration. At +no-trump the dealer's partner has a wider field +for assistance, as any one good suit will help.</p> + +<p>On the rubber game, with the score very much +against him, the dealer should declare no-trump.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="font-weight:bold;"> + +<tr><td valign="middle" +style="border-right:1px solid black;">Holding—</td> +<td> +2 Aces and a guarded Jack.<br /> +2 Aces, one suit being A K.<br /> +1 Ace, a guarded K or Q and a K Q suit.<br /> +1 Ace and two guarded suits (K or Q).<br /> +1 long established black suit and a guarded King.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="page_013" id="page_013"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">HEARTS</p> + +<p>In considering a heart make, the dealer +should be influenced by the general strength +of his hand and by the number of honours he +holds in the trump suit. Hearts should always +be declared with four or five honours in the +hand irrespective of the strength of other suits; +the honour score will probably more than compensate +for a possible loss of trick points. A +heart declaration with less than two honours +is not advisable—unless the hand contain +great length in the trump suit or great strength +in the other suits—as the honour scores made +against the hand will usually exceed its trick +value.</p> + +<p class="redhead">HEARTS IN PREFERENCE TO NO-TRUMP</p> + +<p>As it requires three odd tricks to win a game +of thirty points without a trump, and but one +trick more to win a game with a heart trump, +the dealer will often have occasion to choose +between the two makes. With a strong heart +hand and a doubtful "no-trumper," or if the +hand contain one unguarded suit, hearts should +always be given the preference. As the adversaries +have the lead and the privilege of doubling, +a weak suit exposes the hand to some +danger at no-trump.<a name="page_014" id="page_014"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">RULES FOR THE HEART MAKE</p> + +<p><b>The dealer should declare hearts:</b></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="font-weight:bold;"> + +<tr><td valign="middle" +style="border-right:1px solid black;">Holding—</td> +<td><p class="hang">6 Hearts, including 1 honour and some protection in other suits.</p> +<p class="hang">5 Hearts, including 2 honours and some protection in other suits.</p> +<p class="hang">5 Hearts, including 1 honour with a good five-card plain suit, or with strong protection in other suits.</p> +<p class="hang">4 Hearts, including 3 honours and some protection in other suits.</p> +<p class="hang">4 Hearts, including 4 honours, with or without protection in other suits.</p> +</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="redhead">DIAMONDS</p> + +<p>As there are two declarations of greater value +than diamonds, there is often a question as to +the advisability of passing the make with a fair +diamond hand and of giving partner an opportunity +to declare no-trump or hearts. The +dealer should always make the trump diamonds +holding four or five honours in his hand, irrespective +of the state of the score; holding less +than four honours the dealer must be influenced +by the number of points that are necessary +to win the game, and by the strength +of his hand. Many players are prejudiced +against an original diamond declaration when +the score is love all; and, while the writer believes<a name="page_015" id="page_015"></a> +it safer at this score to declare diamonds +with a fair hand than to chance the uncertainty +of a passed make, yet the make <span class="smcap">SHOULD</span> +be passed:—</p> + +<p class="hang">When behind on the first game—as 0-24.</p> + +<p class="hang">Having lost the first and with nothing scored on +the second game.</p> + +<p class="hang">When nothing on the rubber game.</p> + +<p>In each of these positions, as the adversaries +have the next deal and may win the game, it is +imperative that you score thirty points. To +accomplish this with a diamond trump it is +necessary to win eleven of the thirteen tricks; +therefore, unless you hold a hand of more than +the average strength, it is advisable to pass +the make in hopes that partner can declare +hearts or no-trump.</p> + +<p>If there is a question between a diamond +and no-trump declaration, the latter is usually +preferable; for while the risk is greater the +reward is double.</p> + +<p>A diamond make is advisable whenever there +is a fair chance to win the game, as when but +two or three odd tricks are needed.<a name="page_016" id="page_016"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">RULES FOR THE DIAMOND MAKE</p> + +<p><b>The dealer should declare diamonds:</b></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="font-weight:bold;"> +<tr><td valign="middle" +style="border-right:1px solid black;">Holding—</td> +<td> +<p class="hang">6 Diamonds, including 1 honour and some protection in other suits.</p> +<p class="hang">5 Diamonds, including 2 honours and some protection in other suits.</p> +<p class="hang">4 Diamonds, including 4 honours, with or without protection in other suits.</p> +</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="redhead">BLACK SUIT DECLARATIONS</p> + +<p>The score should be the one excuse for an +original black declaration, and then only when +comparatively sure of winning the game. Otherwise, +when the hand does not admit of a red +or a no-trump declaration, the make should be +passed.</p> + +<p class="redhead">CLUBS</p> + +<p>Clubs should be made originally only when +the score is eighteen or more, and the hand +strong enough, with slight assistance, to win +the game. Clubs may be declared when there +are four honours in one hand, providing the +dealer has won the first game and is eight or +more on the second. The trick and honour +scores combined will count more than the +average make, and with great help the game +<i>may</i> be won.</p> + +<p class="redhead">SPADES</p> + +<p>Spades may be made originally when six +points or less are needed to win the game.<a name="page_017" id="page_017"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">DEFENSIVE SPADE MAKES</p> + +<p>With a very weak hand some players advise +a defensive spade make with the object of preventing +partner's attempting a make which +may prove disastrous. While much may be +said in favour of an original black make under +these circumstances, it is doubtful whether it +pays; the adversaries are almost certain to +double, and you eliminate the possibility of securing +a large honour score and of winning the +game on that deal. The one time that a defensive +spade make might be justifiable is when +you are a game to the good and do not wish to +lose the advantage which this position offers.</p> + +<p class="redhead">SYNOPSIS OF THE MAKES</p> + +<p><b>The dealer should declare</b></p> + +<p class="cb">NO-TRUMPS,</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="font-weight:bold;"> + +<tr> + +<td valign="middle" +style="border-right:1px solid black;">Holding—</td> +<td> +<p class="hang">4 Aces.</p> +<p class="hang">3 Aces.</p> +<p class="hang">2 Aces and a guarded K or Q.</p> +<p class="hang">1 Ace and a guarded K or Q in three other suits.</p> +<p class="hang">1 long established black suit (A K Q x x x) and one other Ace.</p></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="2" align="center">The dealer should NOT declare no-trumps<br /> +With a strong heart and a doubtful no-trump hand,<br /> +Or<br /> +When the game can be won with a trump suit. +</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="page_018" id="page_018"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="cb"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big> HEARTS. <big><span class="red">♥</span></big></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="font-weight:bold;"> + +<tr> +<td valign="middle" +style="border-right:1px solid black;">Holding—</td> +<td> + +<p class="hang">6 Hearts, including 1 honour, and some protection in other suits.</p> +<p class="hang">5 Hearts, including 1 honour, with a good five-card plain suit or with strong protection in other suits.</p> +<p class="hang">5 Hearts, including 2 honours, and some protection in other suits.</p> +<p class="hang">4 Hearts, including 3 honours, and some protection in other suits.</p> +<p class="hang">4 Hearts, including 4 honours, with or without protection in other suits.</p> + +</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><b>The dealer should NOT declare hearts</b></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="font-weight:bold;"> + +<tr> +<td valign="middle" +style="border-right:1px solid black;">Holding—</td> +<td valign="middle"> +5 Hearts, including 1 or 2 honours<br /> +4 Hearts, including 3 honours</td> +<td style="border-left:1px solid black;" +valign="middle"> +—without protection +in other suits. + +</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="cb"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big> DIAMONDS. <big><span class="red">♦</span></big></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="font-weight:bold;"> + +<tr> +<td valign="middle" +style="border-right:1px solid black;">Holding—</td> +<td> +<p class="hang">6 Diamonds, including 1 honour, and some protection in other suits.</p> +<p class="hang">5 Diamonds, including 2 honours, and some protection in other suits.</p> +<p class="hang">4 Diamonds, including 4 honours, with or without protection in other suits.</p> + +</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><b>The dealer should NOT declare diamonds:</b></p> + +<p><a name="page_019" id="page_019"></a></p> + +<p class="hang">When behind on the score, unless there are 4 honours, +or 7 or 8 tricks, in the hand.</p> + +<p class="hang">When 0 to 24 on the first game.</p> + +<p class="hang">Having lost the first and 0 on the second game.</p> + +<p class="hang">When 0 on the rubber game.</p> + +<p class="indbld">The dealer should NOT declare clubs</p> +<p class="hang">Unless his score is 18 or more points, and the +hand strong enough to win the game.</p> + +<p class="indbld">The dealer should NOT declare spades</p> +<p class="hang">Unless his score is 24 or more points, and the +hand strong enough to win the game.</p> + +<p class="redhead">PASSED MAKES</p> + +<p>The dummy hand, in declaring the trump, +should keep in mind the rules suggested for +the dealer, and, at the same time, be governed +in his choice by the state of the score, by the +general strength of his hand, and by the dealer's +acknowledged weakness. When the make +has been passed, one must infer that the dealer +has not a strong hand, neither has he much +strength in the red suits. While the latter inference +may be doubtful, the dealer often passing +a fair diamond hand, it is dangerous to +declare no-trump without protection in the red +suits, and the declaration may result in a disastrous +loss.</p> + +<p>The following suggestions may prove useful:</p> + +<p class="hang">The fact that your hand is exposed gives the adversaries +an opportunity to take advantage +of its weak points.<a name="page_020" id="page_020"></a></p> + +<p class="hang">A no-trump make that is weak in the red suits, +unless justified by the score, is unsound.</p> + +<p class="hang">A no-trump make that is weak in Hearts is liable +to be doubled.</p> + +<p class="hang">When a game ahead be conservative. When a +game behind be bold.</p> + +<p class="hang">Endeavour to prevent the adversaries from winning +the first game on your deal. When the +adversaries have won a game and have the +first deal on the second, they hold an advantage +you will find most difficult to overcome.</p> + +<p class="hang">If your hand is worth less than four tricks don't +make the trump red.</p> + +<p class="hang">If your hand is worth less than four tricks make +the trump to lose as little as possible.</p> + +<p class="redhead">EXAMPLES OF ORIGINAL MAKES</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" summary=""> +<tr><td colspan="4" align="center">NO-TRUMPERS WITH 3 ACES.</td></tr> +<tr align="center"><td><big>♣</big></td> +<td><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> +<td><big>♠</big> </td> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A 10 5 3</td> +<td align="left">A J 9</td> +<td align="left">K 8</td> +<td align="left">A 10 6 5</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A K</td> +<td align="left">Q 10 6 4 2</td> +<td align="left">A J 6 5 3</td> +<td align="left">A</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">8 5 4</td> +<td align="left">A 8 3</td> +<td align="left">A 3 2</td> +<td align="left">A 9 7 5</td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="4" align="center">WITH 2 ACES AND 2 GUARDED SUITS.</td></tr> + +<tr align="center"><td><big>♣</big></td> +<td><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> +<td><big>♠</big> </td> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="left">A K</td><td align="left">K Q J 8 4</td><td align="left">K 9 5</td><td align="left">A 8 3</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A 7 6 3</td><td align="left">K J x</td><td align="left">Q J 3</td><td align="left">A 10 9</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">K Q 10 5 4</td><td align="left">A</td><td align="left">K 5 4</td><td align="left">A 8 7 4</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A K Q</td><td align="left">A 9</td><td align="left">Q 9 7 6 5</td><td align="left">Q 10 8</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A 10 3</td><td align="left">Q 10 5 3</td><td align="left">A 9 6</td><td align="left">Q 9 6</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Q J 10 9</td><td align="left">A 7</td><td align="left">J 10 8 6</td><td align="left">A 10 2<a name="page_021" id="page_021"></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="4" align="center">WITH 2 ACES AND 1 PROTECTION.</td></tr> + +<tr align="center"><td><big>♣</big></td> +<td><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> +<td><big>♠</big> </td> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="left">K J 8 7 5</td><td align="left">J 3</td><td align="left">A 6</td><td align="left">A K 9 6</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A 9 8</td><td align="left">A 8 6</td><td align="left">K J 4 3</td><td align="left">8 5 4</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A Q 7</td><td align="left">K J 10 4</td><td align="left">Q 5</td><td align="left">A Q J 5</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A K J 8</td><td align="left">A Q</td><td align="left">Q 9 7 6</td><td align="left">10 4 2</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A 9 6</td><td align="left">10 4</td><td align="left">K 10 8 6</td><td align="left">A J 6 2</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A J 4</td><td align="left">9 5</td><td align="left">A 10 2</td><td align="left">Q 10 9 6 5</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A 10 8 6 5</td><td align="left">A Q 3</td><td align="left">8</td><td align="left">Q J 10 4</td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="4" align="center">WITH 1 ACE AND 3 PROTECTIONS.</td></tr> + +<tr align="center"><td><big>♣</big></td> +<td><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> +<td><big>♠</big> </td> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="left">A 5 4</td><td align="left">K 8</td><td align="left">K Q 9 8 4</td><td align="left">K Q 3</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Q J 3</td><td align="left">A 3 2</td><td align="left">K 7 6 5</td><td align="left">K 10 4</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A 10 4</td><td align="left">A J 10</td><td align="left">Q J 3</td><td align="left">K 9 8 7</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Q 9 6</td><td align="left">K J 8</td><td align="left">A K 8</td><td align="left">J 10 8 4</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A Q 5</td><td align="left">Q 7 4</td><td align="left">K 9 5 3</td><td align="left">Q 10 9</td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="4" align="center">DOUBTFUL NO-TRUMPERS.</td></tr> + +<tr align="center"><td><big>♣</big></td> +<td><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> +<td><big>♠</big> </td> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="left">J 9 7 3</td><td align="left">A 10 9 4</td><td align="left">J 5</td><td align="left">A 9 6</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">10 6</td><td align="left">A Q 5</td><td align="left">A 10 7 2</td><td align="left">J 10 8 3</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">10 5</td><td align="left">A Q 6 4</td><td align="left">J 8 6</td><td align="left">A K 9 6</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A J 5 3</td><td align="left">K 8 2</td><td align="left">8 6</td><td align="left">K Q 7 2</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">9</td><td align="left">A J 10</td><td align="left">Q 10 8 6 4</td><td align="left">K J 8 6</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">8 </td><td align="left">10 9</td><td align="left">A K Q 9 7 6 4</td><td align="left">K 10 4</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A K Q 9 5</td><td align="left">——</td><td align="left">J 10 5 3</td><td align="left">Q 10 8 6</td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="4" align="center">HEARTS, NOT "NO-TRUMPS."</td></tr> + +<tr align="center"> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td><big>♠</big> </td> +<td><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> +<td><big>♣</big></td> +</tr> + +<tr><td align="left">K Q 10 5 4</td><td align="left">A K Q</td><td align="left">2</td><td align="left">A 5 4 3</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A K Q 8 6</td><td align="left">Q</td><td align="left">A Q 5</td><td align="left">A K Q 4</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A K J 9</td><td align="left">K J 8 5 3</td><td align="left">Q</td><td align="left">Q J 8</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Q J 10 9 7 6</td><td align="left">A 7 6</td><td align="left">A</td><td align="left">A 5 3</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A Q J 9 7</td><td align="left">A J 9 8 6</td><td align="left">K x</td><td align="left">Q</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A K 10 9 6</td><td align="left">A 8 7 6</td><td align="left">5 4</td><td align="left">K 9</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">K J 10 7 2</td><td align="left">A 8 6</td><td align="left">Q 8 4</td><td align="left">K 10 +<a name="page_022" id="page_022"></a></td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="4" align="center">BAD "RED" MAKES.</td></tr> + +<tr align="center"><td><big>♣</big></td> +<td><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> +<td><big>♠</big> </td> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="left">8 6</td><td align="left">9 8 7</td><td align="left">J 5 4</td><td align="left">J 10 7 6 5</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">10 9 5 3</td><td align="left">10 6</td><td align="left">5 4 3</td><td align="left">A K Q 4</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Q 7 5</td><td align="left">J 10 2</td><td align="left">6 2</td><td align="left">J 8 6 4 3</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">6 4 3</td><td align="left">K 10 7 6 3</td><td align="left">8 6</td><td align="left">J 9 7</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">9 4 3</td><td align="left">6 2</td><td align="left">9 8 7</td><td align="left">Q 10 7 5 4</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Q 6 3</td><td align="left">10 7 3</td><td align="left">6 4 2</td><td align="left">K Q J 7</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="redhead">DOUBLING</p> + +<p>If you—being the leader or his partner—are +reasonably sure of the odd trick, it is decidedly +to your advantage to increase its value; but to +double "just for a gamble" rarely pays; it often +results in a redouble, and you are apt to find +the sport expensive and your partner very disagreeable.</p> + +<p>In order to double with any degree of success, +you must consider the state of the score, +the possibility of a redouble, and your position +in regard to the maker. Above all things, +<span class="smcap">DEPEND ON YOUR OWN HAND</span> and don't expect +your partner to take <span class="smcap">MOST</span> of the tricks.</p> + +<p>My advice to a beginner is: Be cautious and, +until you have learned to value your hand, be +satisfied with the number of points you can +make without doubling.</p> + +<p class="redhead">ESTIMATING THE VALUE OF A HAND</p> + +<p>To determine the probable trick-taking value +of your hand, count each Ace and King as a +trick, and add to these the number of tricks<a name="page_023" id="page_023"></a> +you can take in the trump suit. Queens count +only as possible tricks, as the third round of a +suit may be trumped.</p> + +<p>In determining the number of tricks you can +take in the trump suit you must remember that +it makes a great difference on which side of +you the trump strength lies. For instance, +holding Ace, Queen, and ten of trumps, if you +play after the maker, you will probably get +three tricks; but if the maker plays after you, +your trumps can be led through, and you may +make but one trump trick.</p> + +<p>If you play after the maker,</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">J x x x</td><td align="center">of</td><td align="center">trumps</td><td align="center">are</td><td align="center">worth</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">trick</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Q x x</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Q J x</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Q J x x</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">2</td><td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">K Q x</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">2</td><td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">K J x</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">2</td><td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">K Q 10 x</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">3</td><td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A Q 10</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">3</td><td align="center">"</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A 10 9 7 2</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">"</td><td align="center">3</td><td align="center">"</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="redhead">RULES FOR DOUBLING</p> + +<p class="hang">To double spades, you should hold in your hand +4 tricks and a possible 5th.</p> + +<p class="hang">To double hearts, diamonds, or clubs, you should +hold five tricks and a possible 6th.</p> + +<p class="hang">To double "no-trumps," you should hold 6 tricks +and a possible 7th.<a name="page_024" id="page_024"></a></p> + +<p>Be careful about doubling "no-trumps," unless +you hold a long established suit. Your +adversary may have seven tricks in <i>his</i> long +suit, and it is hard to discard from a "good all-round +hand."</p> + +<p>Spades may be doubled when weak in +trumps; but, to double hearts, diamonds, or +clubs, you should have some trump strength.</p> + +<p class="indbld">When doubling remember</p> + +<p class="hang">That you show the dealer where the strength lies.</p> + +<p class="hang">That you stand a better chance of winning the +odd trick by not exposing your strength.</p> + +<p class="hang">That when the "maker" is on your right, you +have the advantage that your trumps are +over his.</p> + +<p class="hang">That when the "maker" is on your left you are +at a disadvantage; his trumps are over +yours.</p> + +<p class="hang">That it is a good time to double when the odd +trick wins the game for your adversaries, +and does not win it for you.</p> + +<p class="hang">That it is a poor time to double when the odd +trick wins the game for you and does not +win it for your adversaries.</p> + +<p class="hang">That with a doubtful hand it is better to be satisfied +with what you can make without doubling.</p> + +<p class="hang">That if you double "no-trumps" your partner +will lead you his best heart. +<a name="page_025" id="page_025"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">THE LEAD WHEN PARTNER HAS +DOUBLED</p> + +<p>When your partner has doubled, the opening +lead must depend greatly on the scheme you +adopt for the play of your hand. It is a mistake +to suppose your partner wishes a trump +led EVERY time he doubles. On the contrary, +spades—when doubled—are seldom led by +good players, unless with a strong hand, until +they have gained information to justify the +trump lead.</p> + +<p class="hang">The majority of hands will be covered by the +following rules:</p> + +<p class="hang">If spades have been doubled and you hold four or +more trumps you should usually lead trumps.</p> + +<p class="hang">It is fair to assume that your partner has +doubled with a good suit hand. +Lead trumps if you are weak in spades, but hold +a strong suit hand. Your partner has probably +doubled with trump strength.</p> + +<p class="hang">If hearts, diamonds, or clubs have been doubled +and dummy is the "maker" it is usually +good play to lead trumps; that is, when you +have no short suit and so are unable to use +your trumps for ruffing.</p> + +<p class="hang">If possible lead to take the first trick. After you +have seen the dummy you are in a position +to judge as to the advisability of the trump +lead.<a name="page_026" id="page_026"></a></p> + +<p class="hang">When hearts, diamonds, or clubs have been doubled +and the dealer is the maker, it is not +sound play to lead trumps. You would place +your partner in a bad position by leading up +to the dealer's declared strength.</p> + +<p class="hang">When leading trumps always lead the top of two +or three and the lowest of four.</p> + +<p class="redhead">HEART CONVENTION</p> + +<p>When you have the first lead and your partner +has doubled a "no-trump" make you are +expected to lead your highest heart. As there +are very few hands where it is advisable to +double "no-trump" on general strength, it is +necessary for the leader to know what suit to +lead when his partner has doubled.</p> + +<p>When the leader holds an A K or an A K Q +suit he should first lead the K of that suit and +then his highest heart.</p> + +<p class="redhead">WEAK-SUIT CONVENTION</p> + +<p>In England and in some parts of this country +the leader tries to guess his partner's suit by +leading the one in which he himself is weakest. +While this convention affords many more opportunities +of doubling, it is not nearly so safe +as the heart convention. There is about an +even chance that the weak suit led will put the +dealer or the dummy hand in the lead.<a name="page_027" id="page_027"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">THE NON-DEALER'S PLAY AGAINST A +DECLARED TRUMP</p> + +<p>The principles of play adopted against a +trump and against a no-trump declaration are +entirely different; and it is for this reason that +Bridge is confusing to the beginner.</p> + +<p>The important principles that govern the +play against a trump declaration are:</p> + +<p class="hang">To hold the lead in order to see the dummy hand.</p> +<p class="hang">To make high cards before they can be trumped.</p> +<p class="hang">To give your partner information.</p> + +<p>The importance of first seeing the thirteen +cards in the dummy is self-evident. The play +of an entire hand is often influenced by the +cards in the dummy; therefore, if you can win +the first trick, you are in a better position on +the second lead to play your own and your +partner's hand to advantage.</p> + +<p>These combinations should be selected in +their order for the original lead without reference +to the length of the suit.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">A K Q</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A K</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="hang">Ace from any other combination except A Q with +one or two more.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">K Q J</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">K Q</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Q J 10</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>As the maker, more especially if the trump +is red, has shown strength, your first consideration<a name="page_028" id="page_028"></a> +should be to save the game. This is best +done by leading your Aces and other high +cards before the dealer has a chance to discard +and to trump. This is particularly true when +there is an established suit in the dummy +hand; for then the dealer may be able to exhaust +trumps and discard his own losing cards +on this established suit.</p> + +<p class="redhead">ORIGINAL LEADS AGAINST A +DECLARED TRUMP</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:red 2px solid;"> + +<tr align="center"><td +style="border-bottom:red 1px solid;"> FROM </td><td +style="border-left:red 2px solid;border-bottom:red 1px solid;"> LEAD </td></tr> + +<tr><td>A K Q </td><td +style="border-left:red 2px solid;">King, then Queen. </td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:red 1px solid;border-bottom:red 1px solid;">A K </td><td +style="border-left:red 2px solid;border-bottom:red 1px solid;">King. </td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:red 1px solid;">K Q J and others<br />K Q</td><td valign="middle" +style="border-left:red 2px solid;border-bottom:red 1px solid;">King. </td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:red 1px solid;">Q J 10<br />Q J 9</td><td valign="middle" style="border-left:red 2px solid;border-bottom:red 1px solid;">Queen. </td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:red 1px solid;">K J 10 </td><td style="border-left:red 2px solid;border-bottom:red 1px solid;">10. </td></tr> + +<tr><td>A x x x or more. </td><td +style="border-left:red 2px solid;">Ace, then small one. </td></tr> +<tr><td>A J x x </td><td +style="border-left:red 2px solid;"> " " " " </td></tr> +<tr><td>A Q J x </td><td +style="border-left:red 2px solid;">Ace, then Queen. </td></tr> +<tr><td>A Q x x x </td><td +style="border-left:red 2px solid;">Ace, then small one. </td></tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="page_029" id="page_029"></a></p> + +<p>When opposed to the dealer, aim to give +your partner as much information as possible. +You certainly cannot expect to gain much by +deceiving the dealer—he knows what is held +against him—and it is a decided advantage for +your partner to know where certain cards are +and to understand what you are trying to do. +The best method of indicating the cards you +hold is to adhere strictly to the correct lead +from each combination of cards.</p> + +<p>From all other combinations, such as</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td>K </td><td>J</td><td> 7 </td><td>5 </td><td>2</td> +<td valign="middle" rowspan="5" +style="border-left:1px solid black;">—lead the 4th best card.</td></tr> +<tr><td>K </td><td>8</td><td> 6</td><td> 2</td></tr> +<tr><td>Q</td><td> 9</td><td> 7 </td><td>5</td></tr> +<tr><td>J</td><td> 6</td><td> 5</td><td> 2</td></tr> +<tr><td>10</td><td> 8</td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="hang">Don't lead low from suits headed by an Ace.</p> + +<p class="hang">The lead of an <i>Ace</i> followed by the <i>King</i> shows +no more of that suit.</p> + +<p class="hang">The lead of a <i>King</i> indicates the <i>Ace</i>, the <i>Queen</i>, +or both.</p> + +<p class="hang">With any three honours in a suit, your lead is +always one of the honours.</p> + +<p class="hang">Holding but 3 or 4 cards in any of the following +suits avoid leading if possible. Wait until +they are led to you.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">A</td><td align="left">Q</td><td align="left">x</td><td align="left">x</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A</td><td align="left">J</td><td align="left">x</td><td align="left">x</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">K</td><td align="left">J</td><td align="left">x</td><td align="left">x</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">K</td><td align="left">x</td><td align="left">x</td><td align="left">x</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="page_030" id="page_030"></a></p> + +<p class="hang">If in any doubt as to your lead select your +longest and strongest suit and lead the 4th +best.</p> + +<p class="redhead">WHY THE 4TH BEST CARD IS LED</p> + +<p>There are two reasons for leading the 4th +best card of your long suit.</p> + +<p class="hang">To show partner how many cards you hold in the +suit.</p> + +<p class="hang">To show partner what you have in the suit.</p> + +<p>If you lead 4th best and afterward either +discard or play a smaller one, your partner will +know that you originally held more than four +cards in that suit. The lead of a deuce, for instance, +shows but four cards in the suit. Your +partner, by applying the "Rule of Eleven," can +very often tell the exact combination of cards +from which you have led.</p> + +<p class="redhead">THE RULE OF ELEVEN</p> + +<p>Deduct the size of the card led from eleven, +and the difference will show how many cards +HIGHER than the one led are held outside the +leader's hand. If, for instance, your partner +lead an eight spot, the dummy having the +queen and you holding A 10 x of the suit, as +you see three cards above the eight, you know<a name="page_031" id="page_031"></a> +the dealer cannot play higher and that your +partner must have led from K J 9 8.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td> </td> +<td colspan="3">Q 6 2 (11 - 8 = 3)</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-left:2px solid black;border-top:2px black solid;"> </td> +<td align="center" +style="border-top:2px black solid;">Y</td> +<td +style="border-right:2px solid black;border-top:2px black solid;"> </td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr> +<td>8 </td> +<td +style="border-left:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">B</td> +<td>A 10 4</td></tr> + +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-left:2px solid black;border-bottom:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td align="center" +style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">Z</td> +<td +style="border-right:2px solid black;border-bottom:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<p>This rule is especially important at "no-trump"; +but players should not give it much +attention unless the card originally led is +higher than a five.</p> + +<p>If your partner has had the original lead, +and you have taken a trick, either make your +high cards or</p> + +<p class="redhead">LEAD UP TO WEAKNESS</p> + +<p>Weakness means no high cards, and leading +up to, is making a person play fourth in hand to +a trick. By leading a suit in which dummy +has weak cards, you may enable your partner +to win a trick cheaply. Whenever the dummy +hand is on your right you should take this advantage +of its weakness. It is sometimes good +play to lead a card higher than the dummy's +best. This, if the card you lead is not covered, +gives your partner a chance to pass the +trick.<a name="page_032" id="page_032"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="cb">EXAMPLES OF OPENING LEADS</p> + +<p class="c">THE CARD IN RED INDICATES THE LEAD.</p> + +<p class="c">(<i>Hearts</i>) <span class="smcap">Trump Declared by Dealer.</span></p> + +<p class="c"><i>Holding the Lead.</i></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> + +<tr align="center"><td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> +<td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> +<td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;"><big>♣</big></td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">Q 6 2 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K J 7 6 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">A <span class="red">K</span> Q 6 2 </td><td>8</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">7 5 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A <span class="red">K</span> 4 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">A 9 7 5 2 </td><td>6 4 2</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">5 3 2 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 8 6 2 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">K J 6 2 </td><td><span class="red">A</span> K</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">8 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">A</span> Q 8 7 6 3 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">K 7 6 </td><td>Q 9 8</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">10 4 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A 8 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"><span class="red">A</span> J 7 6 3 2</td><td>9 6 2</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">7 5 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">A</span> Q J 10 9 2 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">5 3 </td><td>9 7 4</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">Q 9 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">10 7 5 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">K J 9 3 </td><td><span class="red">A</span> 8 6 5</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">J 10 3 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">A</span> 9 6 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">10 7 6 4 </td><td>J 4 3</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">6 4 2 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 7 4 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"><span class="red">A</span> J 8 4 </td><td>9 6 2</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">9 5 4 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A 7 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">K 8 7 3 </td><td>A Q 6 2</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:3px double black;">J 7 5 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:3px double black;"> 8 6 5 2 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:3px double black;"><span class="red">A</span> 10 </td><td +style="border-bottom:3px double black;"> 9 7 4 3</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="c"><i>Leading from a Sequence.</i></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> + +<tr><td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">9 2 </td><td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">K</span> Q J 8 5 2</td><td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;"> A J 7 </td><td +style="border-top:1px solid black;">A 4</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">J 8 7 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">K</span> Q J 9 6 2 </td><td>Q 4 2</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">Q 8 4 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A Q 3 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A 7 3 </td><td><span class="red">Q</span> J 10 4</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">A J 3 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">K</span> Q J </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 5 3 2 </td><td>K 9 7</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">K 9 4 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A 7 6 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">K</span> Q 7 5 </td><td>K 8 6</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">K 7 4 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">Q</span> J 10 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">10 7 4 2 </td><td>8 6 3</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:3px double black;">9 8 6 3 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:3px double black;"> <span class="red">K</span> Q J 10 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:3px double black;"> A 9 6 2 </td><td +style="border-bottom:3px double black;"> 5</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="c"><i>Leading from Long Suits.</i></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> + +<tr align="center"><td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> +<td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> +<td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;"><big>♣</big></td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">K 5 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 6 2 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q 10 9 <span class="red">6</span> 5 </td><td> J 8 7</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">Q 7 4 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A Q 5 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 7 4 <span class="red">3</span> </td><td> K 10 3</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">9 5 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A J 2 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 8 6 2 </td><td> K 10 7 <span class="red">4</span></td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">8 3 2 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q 8 7 <span class="red">4</span> </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 6 2 </td><td>10 6 3</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">J 7 6 5 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A 4 2 </td><td> K 10 6 <span class="red">5</span> 3</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">A J 8 6 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J 4 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 9 7 <span class="red">6</span> 2 </td><td> 3 2</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">J 10 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A J 6 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A Q 7 5 </td><td> Q J 4 <span class="red">2</span></td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">4 2 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K 8 4 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K J <span class="red">10</span> 7 5 </td><td> A J 3</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">K 6 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 5 2 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 8 4 </td><td> <span class="red">Q</span> J 9 6 2</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:3px double black;">Q 10 7 6 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:3px double black;"> J 9 4 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:3px double black;"> A 5 </td><td +style="border-bottom:3px double black;"> K 10 8 <span class="red">4</span></td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="c"><i>Leading from Short Suits.</i></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> + +<tr><td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">9 4 3 </td><td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;"> A J 9 4 </td><td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;"><span class="red"> 10</span> 9 </td><td +style="border-top:1px solid black;"> A Q 8 6</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">J 4 2 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q 7 4 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K 8 7 6 5 </td> +<td> <span class="red">J</span> 9</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">9 6 4 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 6 4 2 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A 4 3 </td> +<td> <span class="red">Q</span> J 5</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">A 9 5 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">8</span> 6 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 6 4 3 </td><td> J 9 5 2</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">7 4 3 2 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">8</span> </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 7 6 4 2 </td><td> Q 6 3</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">A Q 2 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K J 7 4 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">J</span> 10 </td><td> K 9 6 3</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">K 5 3 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">J</span> 10 4 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K 9 7 </td><td> Q 7 6 3</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">9 8 6 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A Q 9 8 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">10</span> </td><td> J 9 5 3 2</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">Q 7 4 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A J 9 6 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">K</span> Q </td><td> K J 7 3</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:3px double black;">A 6 2 </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:3px double black;"> <span class="red">Q </span> </td><td +style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:3px double black;"> K 8 6 4 3 </td><td +style="border-bottom:3px double black;"> J 9 4 2</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="c">(<i>Hearts</i>) <span class="smcap">Trump "Passed Make."</span></p> +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> +<tr><td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;"><span class="red">J</span> 10 </td><td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;"> K 9 8 6 </td><td +style="border-top:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;"> A Q 7 </td> +<td +style="border-top:1px solid black;"> K 6 4 2</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">8 5 <span class="red">2</span> </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A Q 7 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K J 6 </td><td> A J 8</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">4 3 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K 9 4 2 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q 10 7 <span class="red">6</span> </td><td> J 9 4</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">J 4 2 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 6 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q 10 9 <span class="red">4</span> 2</td><td> Q 8 3</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">Q 6 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q 7 4 3 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">K</span> Q 10 </td><td> 8 6 4 2</td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><span class="red">Q</span> </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K 8 5 2 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q 8 3 </td> +<td> A Q 5 4 3</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">Q 6 2 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A 5 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K 10 7 <span class="red">5</span> 2</td><td> 9 7 4</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">9 4 3 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A Q 7 6 5</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">J</span> 9 </td><td> K 8 6</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">K 8 5 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K 9 7 4 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="red">Q</span> J </td><td> K 9 4 3</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black;">8 7 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q 6 3 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K J 9 <span class="red">3</span> </td> +<td> A 8 6 5</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:3px double black;">9 8 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:3px double black;"> A Q 6 3 2</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:3px double black;"> Q J 6 <span class="red">2</span> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:3px double black;"> K 7</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="page_034" id="page_034"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">AFTER THE FIRST TRICK</p> + +<p>After you have led and have won the first +trick, examine the exposed hand carefully; +then either continue with the suit led originally +or lead through strength.</p> + +<p class="redhead">LEADING THROUGH STRENGTH</p> + +<p>The beginner will appreciate the fact that +strength in a suit consists of high cards, but is +apt to find the term "leading through" difficult +to understand. Leading through means +to make a person play second in hand to the +trick. You always lead through your left-hand +adversary.</p> + +<p>The object of leading through strength is to +help your partner make his high cards by giving +him the advantage of playing after the exposed +hand.</p> + +<p class="hang">Holding a sequence of two or more cards, headed +by a Queen, Jack, or Ten, when there is an +honour in the dummy it is good play to lead +the highest card. If the dummy does not +cover this lead, it gives your partner an opportunity +to pass the trick.</p> + +<p class="hang">Holding one or two high cards of dummy's strong +suit that are <i>not</i> in sequence, avoid leading +the suit. Wait until dummy leads to you.<a name="page_035" id="page_035"></a></p> + +<p class="hang">Don't lead through strength when dummy holds +a sequence of three or more cards, as</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">A</td><td align="left">K</td><td align="left">Q</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">K</td><td align="left">Q</td><td align="left">J</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Q</td><td align="left">J</td><td align="left">10</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="hang">Holding a high card or cards in a suit in which +the dummy is weak, avoid leading that suit. +Try to put your partner in the lead, so that +he may lead it to you.</p> + +<p class="hang">Holding no high cards in the suit, the following +combinations should be led through:</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">A</td><td align="left">Q</td><td align="left">x</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A</td><td align="left">J</td><td align="left">x</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">A</td><td align="left">x</td><td align="left">x</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">K</td><td align="left">Q</td><td align="left">x</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">K</td><td align="left">J</td><td align="left">x</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">K</td><td align="left">x</td><td align="left">x</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Q</td><td align="left">x</td><td align="left">x</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="hang">Holding a sequence of two or more cards the following +combinations should be led through:</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">K</td><td align="left">x</td><td align="left">x</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">K</td><td align="left">x</td><td align="left"> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Q</td><td align="left">x</td><td align="left">x</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="redhead">FORCING</p> + +<p>Judicious forcing will do more than anything +else to break up a strong trump hand.</p> + +<p>Forcing means making a player trump—the +object being to weaken his hand.</p> + +<p>It is good play to force the strong trump +hand.<a name="page_036" id="page_036"></a></p> + +<p class="hang">When the strong trump hand holds no more cards +of your long suit, do all damage possible with +it. Unless trumps are out, the suit is of no +other use to you.</p> + +<p class="hang">It is bad play to force the weak trump hand. +Unless you can make the strong hand trump +it is better to stop leading the suit.</p> + +<p class="hang">Do not lead a suit that will allow the weak hand +to trump and the other hand to discard; the +adversaries take the trick and get rid of a +losing card.</p> + +<p class="hang">It is too late to force when the dummy has an +established suit and the dealer has the last +trump or trumps. Make what you can before +giving up the lead.</p> + +<p class="hang">When the weak hand can ruff your suit, it is +sometimes good play to lead trumps; but +only when, in doing so, you are leading +trumps through the strong hand, and when +you have some protection in the other suits.</p> + +<p class="redhead">SHORT SUITS</p> + +<p>There are two lines of play that may be followed +to make tricks against the dealer. The +first—to make your high cards—has been explained. +The second is to make your small +trumps by ruffing.</p> + +<p>When you have no high card lead, or if you +are anxious to be led up to, it is often good<a name="page_037" id="page_037"></a> +play to throw the lead and, at the same time, +to try to make your small trumps. This can be +done by leading a short suit.</p> + +<p>A short suit is a suit of less than four cards; +but the term is commonly used to denote a +singleton or a two-card suit.</p> + +<p>In order that your partner may understand +that you are leading a short suit (and not the +fourth best card of a long one) it is customary +to lead the highest card. (If you are forced +to open a suit with K J x, K x x or Q x x, the +low card should be led.)</p> + +<p>To detect a short suit apply the "Rule of +Eleven." If there are (in your hand and the +dummy) more higher cards than the rule allows, +the lead cannot be the fourth-best card.</p> + +<p>Under the following circumstances a short +suit should not be led.</p> + +<p class="hang">If you hold four trumps, including any one honour, +don't lead a short suit. Your best play +is to open your long suit and force the dealer +to trump. In this way you weaken the +dealer's hand and you may prevent his +bringing in his long suit or you may even +establish and make your own.</p> + +<p class="hang">If the make has been passed, don't lead a short +black suit. It is natural to suppose that the +dealer is strong in black suits—if in any—and +you would be leading up to declared +strength.<a name="page_038" id="page_038"></a></p> + +<p class="hang">If you can take the first trick, do so and then +judge of the advisability of the short-suit +lead.</p> + +<p class="redhead">THE DISCARD</p> + +<p>There is considerable discussion and a wide +diversity of opinion among Bridge Players as +to the best suit to throw away. You should, +therefore, before playing, ask your partner +which method he adopts. Some advantage +may be claimed for each theory of discard; but +the main object of them all is the same—to indicate +to partner the suit you wish led and at +the same time protect any honours you may +hold in other suits.</p> + +<p>The three different discards used by Bridge +Players are:</p> + +<p class="hang">Strength, both with a trump and at "no-trump."</p> +<p class="hang">Strength, with a trump and weakness at "no-trump."</p> +<p class="hang">Weakness, both with a trump and at "no-trump."</p> + +<p>The discard of strength with a trump and +weakness at "no-trump" is the one most commonly +used. This discard of weakness at "no-trump," +while it has the advantage of saving +all the cards of the long suit, which you may +make, has also several disadvantages.</p> + +<p class="hang">To show your suit absolutely you need two discards.<a name="page_039" id="page_039"></a></p> + +<p class="hang">In order not to deceive your partner it may +be necessary to unguard honours, such as +J x x x, 10 x x x, Q x x, or even K x.</p> + +<p class="hang">By discarding weakness you show the dealer +against which hand to finesse.</p> + +<p>The writer, after the analysis of many thousand +hands, believes that at "no-trump" the +first discard from strength, <i>i.e.</i>, the long suit or +the suit you wish partner to lead, is the safest +and best, both for protecting the hand and for +showing the suit beyond possibility of mistake.</p> + +<p>The main advantages of the strength discard +are:</p> + +<p class="hang">It takes but one discard positively to show the +suit wanted.</p> + +<p class="hang">You can protect the high cards in your weaker +suits without deceiving your partner.</p> + +<p class="hang">It does not show the dealer so clearly on which +side to take a finesse.</p> + +<p class="hang">By showing your suit earlier in the hand, you +enable your partner to discard to better advantage.</p> + +<p>There are but few "no-trump" hands in +which it is possible to make all the small cards +of one's suit against the dealer—unless it be the +suit first opened. Occasionally the suit in +which the dealer is weak in both hands will be +made; but more often this suit is never brought<a name="page_040" id="page_040"></a> +in, because the adversaries do not know the +cards they hold in the two hands.</p> + +<p>For years whist authorities have agreed that +with trump strength declared against you the +first discard should be from strength. Why, +then, when strength in all of the suits has been +declared, should not the strength discard be the +best defensive discard for the majority of bridge +hands? In order not to lose an opportunity +of making all of the long suit, players will continually +unguard cards in the weak suits which, +if properly protected, would win tricks; and +when using the weak suit discard these cards +<i>must</i> be unguarded in order to show partner +your suit.</p> + +<p>There may be an occasional trick lost by discarding +from strength at "no-trump," but there +are so many tricks thrown away by unguarding +honours in weak suits, and so many games and +rubbers lost by guessing the wrong suit, that +Bridge Players will find the strength discard +will save more and lose less than any other +discard. You do not expect to win on your +adversaries' make; you hope to prevent their +winning a large score.</p> + +<p>If you have once led, you have shown your +strength, and may then discard from any suit +you wish.</p> + +<p>Discard only once from your strength, and +then as the situation and the hand warrant.<a name="page_041" id="page_041"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">THE REVERSE DISCARD</p> + +<p>In discarding, the play of a high and then a +lower card reverses the original meaning of the +discard. If you adopt the strength discard, +and wish to throw away your weak suit at "no-trump," +do so by discarding first a high and +then a lower card. If you use the weak discard +and wish to throw away your strong suit, +discard first a high and then a lower card.</p> + +<p>The reverse discard should be used only +when it is clearly shown that two discards can +be made.</p> + +<p class="redhead">HINTS ON DISCARDING</p> + +<p class="hang">Watch the dealer's discards and protect the suit +that he is saving.</p> + +<p class="hang">After you have led or shown your suit, the discard +of a high and then a lower card in another +suit shows command of the second suit.</p> + +<p class="hang">The discard of an Ace shows great strength in +the suit.</p> + +<p class="hang">If a spade declaration has been doubled by you +or your partner—and especially when either +of you has indicated strength by leading +trumps—the first discard should be from +weakness.</p> + +<p class="hang">In discarding at "no-trump," don't throw away +all the cards of one suit: it exposes your +partner's hand, and makes it easy for the<a name="page_042" id="page_042"></a> +dealer to tell how that suit is placed. Besides, +you may need one card of that suit to +put your partner in the lead.</p> + +<p class="hang">Save at least one card of your partner's long suit, +unless you are forced to give it up in order +to protect your hand.</p> + +<p class="hang">After you have led or shown your suit your discard +should be from weakness.</p> + +<p class="hang">If your partner is discarding from weakness, protect +the suit that he is throwing away, if +you can.</p> + +<p class="hang">If forced to protect honours in other suits, don't +be afraid to unguard honours in the suit in +which partner is strong.</p> + +<p class="redhead">NON-DEALER'S PLAY</p> + +<p class="c"><span class="smcap">Second Hand</span></p> + +<p>In determining the card to play second in +hand, you will find it a great assistance to ask +yourself why the dealer is leading that suit. +You can usually infer from the dummy's cards +and your own hand what the dealer must hold +to have led the suit.</p> + +<p class="hang">Cover an honour with an honour. This should +always be done holding a perfect or an imperfect +fourchette (a card higher and a card +lower than the one led). An honour should +be covered when by so doing you hope to +make a card good in your partner's hand.<a name="page_043" id="page_043"></a> +Don't cover holding a K, Q, or J three times +guarded, unless your next best card is a nine +or better.</p> + +<p class="hang">Don't hesitate. By hesitation a player often +shows the dealer how to play his cards. +Play quickly, and if there is any doubt as to +your play, play the lowest card you hold.</p> + +<p class="hang">If the dummy has a tenace over your cards or +can take any card you hold, play low; let +the dealer do the guessing.</p> + +<p class="hang">Holding any two or more honours in sequence, +play the lowest honour of the sequence.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">A</td><td align="left">K</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">K</td><td align="left">Q</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Q</td><td align="left">J</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">J</td><td align="left">10</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="hang">Beat the dummy. When the dealer leads, it is +usually advisable to play a card higher than +the best in the dummy.</p> + +<p class="hang">If you hold ace and others of the suit which the +dummy leads, and the trumps are all against +you, play your ace second in hand. If you +wait, your ace may be trumped.</p> + +<p class="c"><span class="smcap">Third Hand</span></p> + +<p>In this position your play should be guided +by a knowledge of the leads, an application of +the "Rule of Eleven," and a close observance +of the dummy hand.</p> + +<p>Unless you hold two or more honours in sequence, +play your highest card. The object of doing<a name="page_044" id="page_044"></a> +this is either to win the trick, or, by forcing +a still higher card from your adversary, to +make a card good in your partner's hand.</p> + +<p>Do not deceive your partner by playing an unnecessarily +high card. Holding any two +honours in sequence, play the lower.</p> + +<p class="c"><span class="smcap">Finessing on Partner's Lead</span></p> + +<p><b>When the dummy holds no honour, it is not +good play to "finesse against your partner."</b> +If you hold K J or A Q, by playing any card +but the best you not only give the dealer an +opportunity to make a trick, but you run the +risk of losing your own high cards in that suit. +If, however, the dummy holds an honour, K or +Q, and you hold A and J of the suit, you are +justified in finessing the J, hoping your partner +holds the missing honour. At "no-trump"—when +the dummy holds an honour—it is customary +to finesse much deeper, hoping to catch +the honour exposed on the table and so establish +partner's suit.</p> + +<p class="redhead">THE ECHO</p> + +<p>Some players use the echo only when they +can trump the third round of a suit.</p> + +<p>The echo is a signal used by Bridge players +to show ability to win the third round of the +suit either with a trump or a high card.<a name="page_045" id="page_045"></a></p> + +<p class="hang">If your partner leads the K and then the A when +you hold only two cards of that suit, show +you can trump the third round by playing +first the higher and then the lower.</p> + +<p class="hang">If you hold the Q and your partner leads the K +and A, show in the same manner that you +can win the third round of the suit.</p> + +<p class="hang">Don't echo with an honour; it may deceive your +partner.</p> + +<p class="hang">At "no-trump" the echo is used to encourage +partner to continue that suit.</p> + +<p class="hang">On a doubled spade, if your partner leads a high +trump, echo with three by playing the intermediate +trump to the first round.</p> + +<p class="redhead">THE DEALER'S PLAY WITH A +DECLARED TRUMP</p> + +<p>In playing the two hands, the dealer must +take advantage of any information he can gain +from the leads and plays of the adversaries; +and, in return, try to convey a false impression +of his own hand. Above all, the dealer should +know the score and estimate the number of +tricks he must take to win the game; always +bearing in mind that if he cannot win the +game, he should try to prevent the adversaries +from so doing.<a name="page_046" id="page_046"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">LEADING TRUMPS</p> + +<p>One of the worst faults of the beginner is refusing +to lead trumps. When you hold seven +or more trumps in the two hands, usually lead +them. If you hold commanding suit cards, +the trump lead will prevent their being ruffed. +When you have no suit to make the lead will +establish your trump suit. If you hold high +cards that should be led up to, lead trumps to +throw the lead and to compel the adversaries +to lead to you.</p> + +<p class="hang">Arrange to lead your trumps advantageously—from +the weak hand to the strong.</p> + +<p class="hang">After trumps are exhausted, try to clearer establish +the longest suit in the two hands.</p> + +<p class="hang">It is usually good play to draw two trumps for +one; but when the best trump is against you, +do not waste two of yours to get it out.</p> + +<p class="hang">Lead the losing trump only when you have an +established suit and a sure re-entry.</p> + +<p class="hang">When you hold one or more trumps and a losing +card, always lead the trumps. This will +force the adversaries to discard and they +may not save the right suit.</p> + +<p class="hang">Aim to discard your losing cards from the one +hand, on the commanding cards in the other.</p> + +<p class="hang">With a weak hand you are more likely to make +your high cards if you put your adversaries +in the lead. +<a name="page_047" id="page_047"></a></p> + +<p class="c"><span class="smcap">Not Leading Trumps</span></p> + +<p>The exception to the trump lead is when the +weaker of the two trump hands contains a +short suit and can ruff; then, before leading +trumps, allow the weak hand to trump your +losing cards.</p> + +<p>Unless a cross ruff can be established, it is +usually bad play to weaken your strong trump +hand by forcing it to ruff. If you do this, you +will find it difficult to exhaust trumps from the +adversaries' hands and to make any commanding +suit cards you may hold.</p> + +<p>If your adversary has doubled, be cautious +about leading trumps. It is good play to lead +through the doubling hand; but bad play to +lead up to it.</p> + +<p class="redhead">THE NON-DEALER'S PLAY OF A "NO-TRUMP" +HAND</p> + +<p>With a declared trump you aim to make your +high cards; but at no-trump the high cards +take care of themselves and you must try to +establish your small cards.</p> + +<p>If you are the leader at "no-trump," open +your longest suit. Save the high cards of +your other suits for re-entry and try to establish +the small cards of your long suit.</p> + +<p class="hang">Don't lead your aces and kings to take a look at +dummy; later in the hand you will need +them to get the lead and bring in your established +suit. +<a name="page_048" id="page_048"></a> +The majority of "no-trump" makes are +strong in three suits. Your long suits may be +the weak spot in the dealer's hand.</p> + +<p>Try to infer, from the dummy hand and your +own, the high cards the dealer must hold to +have declared "no-trump." You will be surprised +to find how many times an inference +thus drawn will enable you to play your hand +to advantage.</p> + +<p>Having started your long suit, usually the +best play is to continue that suit until it becomes +established, especially if you hold one +or two re-entry cards.</p> + +<p>Don't change suits unless your suit is hopelessly +against you. When it requires two leads +to clear your suit, and you hold no cards of re-entry, +abandon it and play for your partner's +suit—the suit that he has shown by his discard, +or the suit which must be his, judging +from your own and the dummy hand.</p> + +<p>In leading to your partner's declared suit, +always lead your highest card; this will enable +him to tell what high cards are held against +his suit and it will prevent your blocking his +hand.</p> + +<p class="redhead">RETURN YOUR PARTNER'S LEAD</p> + +<p>If your partner has had the original lead, <small>RETURN +HIS SUIT</small>. There are very few "no-trump" +hands where it is possible to bring in more<a name="page_049" id="page_049"></a> +than one suit, and if, instead of returning your +partner's suit, you lead your own, you are playing +for one suit and your partner for another, and +as a result you will probably establish neither.</p> + +<p>When it is evident that your suit is stronger +than your partner's—i.e., if you have re-entry +cards and can establish the suit in one lead—then, +by all means, play for your own suit; +but don't be deterred from returning your +partner's lead simply because you see that the +best card of his suit is against him. That card +will have to make anyway, and by forcing it +out of dummy at once you may enable partner +to make the rest of his suit.</p> + +<p><b>In returning your partner's lead, return your +highest card.</b> The importance of this is apparent: +your partner can see the cards in his own +and in the dummy hand, and if you return your +best card he also knows what the dealer holds +in that suit. It may prevent his leading up to +the dealer's tenace; it may show him that the +suit should be abandoned or that it should be +again led from your hand. Returning the +highest card minimises the risk of blocking +the suit. Very often, by not getting rid of a 7, +8, 9, or 10 early in the hand, you make it impossible +for your partner to make his small +cards.</p> + +<p><b>Don't be deceived by the dealer's play.</b> His +object is to fool you; and if he holds cards of +equal value, he will probably take the trick +with the highest.<a name="page_050" id="page_050"></a></p> + +<p><b>Notice carefully your partner's first discard.</b> +It shows you the suit to lead and may also +affect your own discard.</p> + +<p>Don't, because the dealer leads the suit, refuse +to take tricks with your aces and kings. +By taking the trick, you may make a card +good in your partner's hand. It is only the +dealer who is in a position to know when to refuse +tricks; he sees the two hands.</p> + +<p>When there is no chance that your partner +can take a trick in the suit led, it is sometimes +wise to keep the commanding card until one +hand cannot put the other in the lead, especially +when there is no re-entry card in the +hand with the long suit.</p> + +<p class="redhead">OPENING LEAD AT "NO-TRUMP"</p> + +<p>Unless your partner has doubled (see Heart +and Weak Suit Conventions) lead from your +longest suit. It is not advisable, especially +when you hold no cards of re-entry, to lead aces +and kings, except when you hope to catch all +of the smaller cards. Two rounds may exhaust +the suit in your partner's hand; and if you +have no re-entry card and he has none of your +suit to lead you, your long suit, even though +established, is absolutely worthless.</p> + +<p class="hang">The lead of an ace, king, or queen indicates great +strength, either seven cards or three honours.<a name="page_051" id="page_051"></a></p> + +<p class="hang">Holding two suits of equal length and strength, +lead a red suit in preference to a black, especially +if the make has been passed,</p> + +<p class="hang">Holding two suits of equal length, keep for re-entry +the suit with the higher cards, as,</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> + +<tr><td valign="middle" +style="border-right:1px solid black;">holding—</td> +<td align="center">A 8 6 3 2<br /> +and<br /> +Q 9 8 6 3</td> +<td valign="middle">if you open the Q suit</td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="3">and establish it, the ace is a sure re-entry<br /> +card; if you open the ace suit the queen is a<br /> +very doubtful card of re-entry.</td></tr> + +</table> +<p>With a weak long suit and no re-entry card, +many good bridge players open the highest +card of a short suit, preferably hearts or diamonds. +The theory is that, had the dealer +been strong in the red suits, he would have +declared a red trump; and with a worthless +hand, this short suit lead may assist partner. +While there is much to be said in favour of this +play, I would suggest that, unless your partner +thoroughly understands the game and your +play, it is safer to open your long suit.</p> + +<p>When you are opening a long, weak suit +from a hand without re-entry cards it is advisable +that you convey this information to your +partner. This you can do by leading the top +or an intermediate card of your long suit; your +partner, by applying the "Rule of Eleven," +can see that you are not leading the fourth +best card, and unless it is for the best interest<a name="page_052" id="page_052"></a> +of the two hands will not return the suit. For +example:</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">From</td><td align="left">10 8 7 6 3,</td><td align="left">lead the</td><td align="left">8</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">From</td><td align="left">9 8 5 3 2,</td><td align="left">lead the</td><td align="left">9</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">From</td><td align="left">8 7 5 3,</td><td align="left">lead the</td><td align="left">8</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="redhead">THE ORIGINAL LEAD IN NO-TRUMPS</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px solid black;"> +<tr align="center"><td valign="middle" align="center" +style="border-bottom:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">LEAD</td><td +style="border-bottom:1px solid black;">HOLDING</td></tr> + +<tr><td valign="middle" align="center" +style="border-bottom:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">A<small>CE</small></td><td +style="border-bottom:1px solid black;"> + +Ace, Queen, Jack, and others with a Re-entry card.<br /> +Ace, with 7 or more others.<br /> +Ace, Queen, with 5 others.<br /> +Ace, Jack, with 5 others.</td></tr> + +<tr><td valign="middle" align="center" +style="border-bottom:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">K<small>ING</small></td><td +style="border-bottom:1px solid black;"> +Ace, King, Queen, and others.<br /> +Ace, King, Jack, and others.<br /> +Ace, King, ten, and 3 others, with a Re-entry card.<br /> +Ace, King, and 5 or more others.<br /> +King, Queen, Jack, and others.<br /> +King, Queen, ten, and others.<br /> +King, Queen, and 5 others.</td></tr> + +<tr><td valign="middle" align="center" +style="border-bottom:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;"> Q<small>UEEN</small></td><td +style="border-bottom:1px solid black;"> +Queen, Jack, ten, and others.<br /> +Queen, Jack, nine, and others.<br /> +Ace, Queen, Jack, and others. No card of Re-entry.</td></tr> + +<tr><td valign="middle" align="center" +style="border-bottom:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">J<small>ACK</small></td><td +style="border-bottom:1px solid black;"> +Jack, ten, nine, and others.</td></tr> + +<tr><td valign="middle" align="center" +style="border-bottom:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">T<small>EN</small></td><td +style="border-bottom:1px solid black;"> +King, Jack, ten, and others.</td></tr> + +<tr><td valign="middle" align="center" +style="border-bottom:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">4<small>TH</small> B<small>EST</small></td><td +style="border-bottom:1px solid black;"> +From other combinations.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="page_053" id="page_053"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">UNBLOCKING</p> + +<p>Unblocking is getting rid of high cards so +that your partner can make smaller ones.</p> + +<p>You seldom unblock except at "no-trump."</p> + +<p>Study the "no-trump" leads, and on the lead +of any high card prepare to get out of your +partner's way. It is rarely that you can lose +more than one trick by unblocking, and a failure +to take advantage of the position when it +presents itself may result in the loss of three +to six tricks.</p> + +<p>With four cards of the suit of which your +partner leads the A, K, or Q, keep the lowest +card until the final round.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px solid black;" class="bld"> +<tr class="smcap"><td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;">Holding</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;">On Partner's Lead of </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;"> Play</td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">K x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A </td><td> K </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">A x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K </td><td> A </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">K x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q </td><td> K </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">Q x x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K and A </td><td> Q on A </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">K Q x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A </td><td> Q </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">Q J x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A </td><td> J </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">Q J x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K </td><td> J </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">K Q x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J </td><td> Q </td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="redhead">THE DEALER'S PLAY OF A NO-TRUMP HAND</p> + +<p>The dealer's play of a "no-trump" hand is +both the most interesting and the most intricate +part of Bridge. Very often a single error<a name="page_054" id="page_054"></a> +will result in the loss of three or more tricks; +so that it behooves the dealer—as he has no +assistance from his partner—to make himself +thoroughly conversant with the strategy of the +game.</p> + +<p>The following rules cover all the important +points in the dealer's play.</p> + +<p class="hang">Keep the commanding card of your adversary's +suit.</p> + +<p>This the beginner invariably refuses to do; he +is too anxious to take a trick and does not realise +that he will often gain several by passing.</p> + +<p>Before playing the commanding card of your +adversaries' suit, wait—if you can—until the +leader's partner has played his last card of +that suit; he is then unable to return the lead, +and there may be no card of re-entry in his +partner's hand.</p> + +<p class="hang">Rarely refuse to take tricks with your Kings and +Queens.</p> + +<p class="hang">When an entire suit is against you, it pays to +take the lead; the adversaries may change +the suit.</p> + +<p class="hang">When you see in your hands enough tricks to +win the game, always take the lead.</p> + +<p class="hang">Always take the lead when doing so makes a +card good in either of your hands.<a name="page_055" id="page_055"></a></p> + +<p class="hang">Play for the longest suit in the two hands.</p> + +<p>After taking the lead, count the cards of each +suit in the combined hands and make it your +object to play for the longest. It may sometimes +be necessary, in order to lead the suit to +the best advantage, to wait until it can be led +from the other hand.</p> + +<p class="hang">With two suits of equal length, play for the one +in the hand that has cards of re-entry.</p> + +<p class="hang">With two suits of equal length, play for the one +that is shown on the table. Don't give your +opponents unnecessary information of your +strength.</p> + +<p class="hang">With two suits of equal length, play for the one +which, when established, will give you the +greater number of tricks, as<br /> + +7 cards in one hand and 1 in the other.<br /> +6 cards in one hand and 2 in the other.<br /> +5 cards in one hand and 3 in the other.<br /> +4 cards in one hand and 4 in the other.<br /> +</p> + +<p class="hang">Holding only seven cards of a suit, you will often +find an adversary with four cards of that +suit.</p> + +<p class="hang">Holding only six cards of a suit, remember that +your adversaries have seven and that leading +the suit will establish it against you.</p> + +<p class="hang">When the best card of your suit is against you, +lead to get it out of your way. It pays to +establish one suit. +<a name="page_056" id="page_056"></a> +The beginner will usually play his high +cards, and, after establishing one or two tricks +in that suit for his adversaries, proceed to do +the same with another suit and end by abusing +his partner for making it "no-trump" with so +weak a hand.</p> + +<p class="hang">Lead from the weak hand to the strong.</p> + +<p>This is the secret of playing the two hands +well. Play for the longest suit in the two +hands; but arrange the lead so that it comes +from the hand that has no high cards.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr align="center"><td align="left">Lead from</td> +<td> </td><td align="left"> </td> +<td>to</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">x x x</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">K x x x</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">x x x</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">A Q x x</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">x x x</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">K Q x x</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">10 x x</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">K J x 4</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="hang">Holding a combination of Ace, Queen, Jack in the +two hands, try to catch the King by leading +the highest card from the one hand up to the +Ace in the other.</p> + +<p>This is really a continuation of the last rule, +but its importance demands a separate heading. +The correct play of this combination will +win more tricks than any one other play in +Bridge.</p> + +<p>If the King is guarded, and you lead the Ace +or from the Ace, the King <i>must</i> win; but if +you lead from the other hand, there is an even<a name="page_057" id="page_057"></a> +chance that you will find the King on the side +you wish. If it is in the other hand, it would +probably make anyhow.</p> + +<p class="hang">Avoid blocking your suit, by leading or playing +the high cards from the shorter of the +two hands.</p> + +<p>As with A K x in one hand and Q x x x x x +in the other, play A K x.</p> + +<p>As with A Q x in one hand and K x x x x x +in the other, play A Q x.</p> + +<p class="hang">Keep a re-entry card in the hand that has the +long suit.</p> + +<p>If you are able to take the trick in either +hand, do not take it with the hand that has the +long suit, unless that suit is established. If +you cannot place the lead in the hand with the +long suit, it is useless to establish that suit. It +is often advisable to refuse to part with the +highest card of a long suit, if that card is the +only re-entry for the suit.</p> + +<p class="redhead">FINESSING</p> + +<p>At "no-trump" the dealer has many opportunities +to win tricks with cards that are not +the best. In attempting this he should be +guided by the following principles.</p> + +<p class="hang">It is better to finesse on the second round of the +suit than on the first.</p> + +<p class="hang">By forcing discards, you can often tell which adversary +is holding and protecting an honour<a name="page_058" id="page_058"></a> +in the suit in question, and on which side +the finesse should be taken.</p> + +<p class="hang">When there is a question on which side to take +the finesse, be careful to shut out the hand +with the established suit.</p> + +<p class="hang">Do not finesse with nine cards of a suit in the +two hands, including both the Ace and King. +As there are but four more cards of the suit, +the Queen will probably fall on one of the +two leads.</p> + +<p class="hang">Holding ten cards of one suit, including the Ace, +Queen, Jack combination, lead the Queen +toward the Ace; but if the Queen is not +covered by the King, play the Ace on it.</p> + +<p class="redhead">"BRIDGE DON'TS"</p> + +<p>Don't form the habit of playing slowly.</p> + +<p>Don't expect your partner to play well when +you criticise him. A little encouragement will +win you rubbers and will add to your popularity.</p> + +<p>Don't forget that it requires more skill to +play a poor hand than it does to play a good +one.</p> + +<p>Don't miss an opportunity to win the game +or to save it.</p> + +<p>Don't complain if you hold poor cards and +don't exult over good ones.</p> + +<p>Don't criticise at all; but, if you must, wait +until the hand is finished.<a name="page_059" id="page_059"></a></p> + +<p>Don't hurry when exacting a penalty.</p> + +<p>Don't think entirely of your own hand.</p> + +<p>Don't take advantage of your partner's +breach of etiquette.</p> + +<p>Don't think that bad play won't sometimes +win tricks.</p> + +<p>Don't forget the score for an instant.</p> + +<p>Don't ignore the value of small cards.</p> + +<p>Don't fail to see your partner's first discard.</p> + +<p>Don't be deceived by the dealer's play.</p> + +<p class="redhead">RULES</p> + +<p>It is impossible to suggest rules that will +cover the play of every hand. Rules are formulated +after the analysis of a great many hands, +and are therefore made to meet the <i>usual</i> distribution +of the cards. When the fall of the +cards reveals an unusual situation, unusual +means must be adopted to meet it; and here +your reason and common sense must come +to your aid.</p> + +<p>The best Bridge players have the greatest +regard for the rules; but the strong player +recognises a situation for which a rule is not +provided, and he allows his reason to dictate to +him the times to follow and the times to violate +them.</p> + +<p class="redhead">MANNERISMS</p> + +<p>There is nobody who cares to be told that he +plays cards unfairly; but, if you permit your<a name="page_060" id="page_060"></a> +manner to give your partner or the opponents +the slightest intimation of the cards you hold, +you lay yourself open to such criticism. Cards +do not carry with them a license to be unfair or +rude, yet, at the Bridge table, many socially +correct people are both.</p> + +<p>Try always to pause the same length of time +before making the trump or passing. Do not +allow your manner to express approval or disapproval +of your partner's make or of the cards +he plays, and select each of your own cards +with equal deliberation. When you hold good +cards be content to win tricks with them, without +manifesting glee at your adversaries' defeat. +When your cards are poor, do not complain +of them; you imply that the opponents +profit by your weak hands and not by their +own skill, and, as a rule, the more you rail +at your luck the worse it becomes. Be generous +with your praise of a well-played hand, and +be sure your partner will play a better game if +he does not fear your adverse criticism. Do +not permit yourself to take advantage of, or be +deceived by, any mannerisms of your partner +or of the opponents, and let your own manner +be uniformly such that nobody can tell from +it whether you are winning or losing.</p> + +<p class="redhead">MEMORY</p> + +<p>It is not necessary to have a fine memory in +order to play Bridge well; but it <i>does</i> require<a name="page_061" id="page_061"></a> +the ability to count thirteen. If you know +<i>how many</i> cards of a suit have been played, +you soon will be able to tell <i>what</i> cards have +been played.</p> + +<p>Begin with one suit, preferably your own, +and count each card of that suit as it is played; +you will be surprised to find that you will soon +notice not only where the cards of that suit +are, but just what cards have been played. A +little practice will enable you to do the same +with all of the suits.</p> + +<p>No matter what may be your position at the +table, you may cultivate your memory by observing +carefully the cards laid down by the +dummy. The number of cards remaining in a +suit at any stage of the play will assist you in +recalling how many rounds of that suit have +been played, and this will help you in recollecting +what high cards were played in those +rounds.</p> + +<p>When you are dummy, and have nothing to +do with the play, occupy your time and attention +with a determined effort to remember +each card played by your partner, the dealer. +At the end of the hand see if you can recall +how many of each suit he held. With a little +practice you will be able to recall what his +high cards were as well as the number in each +suit. Memory is simply a matter of observation +and practice.<a name="page_062" id="page_062"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">INFERENCES</p> + +<p>The play of each card conveys some information; +and the secret of playing Bridge well +lies in being able to draw inferences rapidly +and correctly and in utilising the knowledge +thus gained. If you simply look, in a mechanical +way, at the cards as they fall without inferring +what was meant by the play, you are +apt to find yourself in the lead and at a complete +loss as to what to do next.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Following are Suggestions for Inferences +to be Drawn by the Dealer.</span></p> + +<p class="hang">What will the make probably be if you pass?</p> +<p class="mrg">Your partner is apt to make it the suit in +which you are weakest.</p> + +<p class="hang">Does the opening lead show a long or a short suit?</p> +<p class="mrg"> +If short, be on the alert to get the lead and +exhaust trumps. If long, how many cards +does the leader hold, and what high cards +does his lead show?</p> + +<p class="hang">Ask yourself why does the adversary discard one +suit and save another?</p> +<p class="mrg">This will aid in +locating honours and in making successful +finesses.</p> + +<p>If the left-hand adversary leads through the +Ace Queen suit in dummy, he probably does +not hold the King and is tempting you to +finesse. If he refuses to lead through the Ace +Queen suit he is very likely waiting for you to +up to his King.<a name="page_063" id="page_063"></a></p> + +<p>If the make has been doubled try to infer +what trump honours are in the doubling hand; +this will enable you to judge as to the advisability +of the trump lead.</p> + +<p class="redhead">SUGGESTIONS FOR THE NON-DEALER</p> + +<p class="hang">From what combination of cards is your partner +leading? Remember the high cards that he +holds.</p> + +<p class="hang">The lead of a King, for instance, shows you that +partner has the Ace, the Queen, or both.</p> + +<p class="hang">The lead of a Jack indicates the top of a suit.</p> + +<p class="hang">The lead of a seven, eight, or nine probably means +the highest card of a short suit.</p> + +<p class="hang">Don't draw rigid inferences from the dealer's +play; he will endeavour to deceive you by +playing false cards.</p> + +<p class="hang">If it is an original make, your own and the dummy +hand will help you to infer what trumps +or high cards the dealer holds.</p> + +<p class="hang">If the dealer seems backward in leading trump +he is probably aiming to ruff with the weak +hand and a trump lead from you may prevent +this.</p> + +<p class="hang">Endeavour to understand your partner's discards. +You can then protect the suit in which he is +weak, and, if necessary, unguard honours +in the suit in which he has shown strength.<a name="page_064" id="page_064"></a></p> + +<p class="hang">When partner returns your lead in No-trump, +notice carefully the card that he plays. It +will help you to place the suit and prevent +your leading to a possible tenace in the dealer's +hand.</p> + +<p class="redhead">COMBINING THE HANDS OF DEALER +AND DUMMY</p> + +<p>The following table gives the different combinations +of cards and shows how they should +be played to get the best results when the +dealer holds one combination and the dummy +holds the other. An "x" means one or more +small cards.</p> + +<p>The following combinations may be led from +either hand:</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px solid black;" class="bld"> +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:1px solid black;"><i>In One Hand.</i></td><td +style="border-left:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;"><i>In the Other.</i></td></tr> +<tr><td>A K x </td><td +style="border-left:1px solid black;"> Q x x </td></tr> +<tr><td>A Q x </td><td +style="border-left:1px solid black;"> K x x </td></tr> +<tr><td>K Q x </td><td +style="border-left:1px solid black;"> J x x </td></tr> +<tr><td>K J x </td><td +style="border-left:1px solid black;"> Q x x </td></tr> +<tr><td>K x x </td><td +style="border-left:1px solid black;"> Q J x </td></tr> +<tr><td>Q J x </td><td +style="border-left:1px solid black;"> 10 x x </td></tr> +<tr><td>Q 10 x </td><td +style="border-left:1px solid black;"> J x x </td></tr> +<tr><td>Q x x </td><td +style="border-left:1px solid black;"> J 10 x </td></tr> +</table> + +<p>If forced to lead from any of the following +combinations, lead from the weaker of the two<a name="page_065" id="page_065"></a> +hands. In these, lead the highest card of the +three in the weak hand:</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr align="center"><td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;"><i>In One<br /> Hand.</i></td> +<td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"><i>In the<br /> Other.</i></td><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">x x x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">K Q x</td><td>First trick, play queen.</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">x x x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">K J x</td><td>First trick, play jack.</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">x x x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">K x x</td><td>First trick, play king.</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">J x x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;">K x x</td><td>First trick, play low.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>In the following, lead from the weaker hand, +but begin by playing the lowest card:</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr align="center"><td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;"><i>In One<br /> Hand.</i></td> +<td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"><i>In the<br /> Other.</i></td><td> </td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">Q x x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">A x x</td><td>First trick, play ace.</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">J x x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">A x x</td><td>First trick, play ace.</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">Q x x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">K x x</td><td>First trick, play king.</td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">J x x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;">Q x x</td><td>First trick, play queen.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>These rules are based on the supposition +that the second hand has not played a higher +card than any in the hand to which you +lead.</p> + +<p>There is a difference of one or two tricks in +all these combinations, depending on whether +you or your adversaries open the suit. Try +to get the adversaries to open such suits for<a name="page_066" id="page_066"></a> +you, as you do so yourself to a disadvantage. +Throw the lead into their hands and make them +lead to you.</p> + +<p class="redhead">FINESSING</p> + +<p class="c"><span class="smcap">Combining the Hands of Dealer and Dummy.</span></p> + +<p>With any of the following combinations divided +between the two hands, the lead should +always be from the weaker hand, in the left-hand +column, and the <i>highest</i> card should be +led, always playing the <i>smallest</i> card from the +stronger combination. For instance, in the +first one given, you should lead the jack from +J 10 x and play the small card from A K x. +An "x" means any small card, or more than +one small.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld" style="text-align:center;"> +<tr align="center"><td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;"><i>In One Hand.</i></td> +<td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"><i>In the Other.</i></td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">J 10 x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">A K x</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">x x x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">A K J</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">x x x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">A Q J</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">J x x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">A Q x</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">Q x x </td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">A J x </td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">Q J x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">A x x </td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">x x x </td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">K J 10 </td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">10 x x </td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">K J 10 </td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">J x x </td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">K 10 x </td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">J x x </td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">K x x </td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">x x x </td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">Q 10 x </td></tr> +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;">10 x x </td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;">Q x x </td></tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="page_067" id="page_067"></a></p> + +<p>In the following combinations, the lead +should be the best card in the weaker hand, and +the smallest card in the stronger hand should +be played to the first round, allowing the adversary +to win the first trick. The weak hand +must then get into the lead again, so as to take +the second finesse, hoping both honours are +not on the wrong side:</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld" style="text-align:center;"> +<tr align="center"><td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;"><i>In One<br /> Hand.</i></td> +<td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"><i>In the<br /> Other.</i></td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">x x x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">A J 10</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">10 x x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">A J x</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">x x x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">A J x</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black;">J 10 x</td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">A x x</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black; +border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;">x x x </td><td +style="border-right:2px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;">A J 9 </td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="redhead">SECOND-HAND PLAYS</p> + +<p>Showing all of the different combinations between +dealer and dummy and their play. The +second hand is the hand that is led through, +it being supposed that a small card is led.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px solid black;" +class="bld"> +<tr align="center"><td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;"> <i>2d Hand.</i></td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black;"><i>4th Hand.</i></td> +<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black;"><i>Play.</i></td></tr> + +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A K x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J x x </td><td>K, <i>or</i> Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A K x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 x x </td><td>King (<span class="smcap">T</span>) Low (<span class="smcap">N T</span>)</td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A Q x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J x x </td><td>Low <a name="page_068" id="page_068"></a></td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A Q x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 x x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A Q x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> x x x </td><td>Queen </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A J x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q x x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A 10 x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J x x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A x x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q x x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K Q x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> x x x </td><td>Queen </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K J x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> x x x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K J </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> x x x </td><td>Jack (<span class="smcap">T</span>) K (<span class="smcap">N T</span>) </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K J </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A x x </td><td>Jack </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K J x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 x x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K 10 x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J x x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K x x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> x x </td><td>Low (<span class="smcap">T</span>) K (<span class="smcap">N T</span>) </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J x x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q x x </td><td>Low (<span class="smcap">T</span>) K (<span class="smcap">N T</span>) </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q 10 x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A 10 x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A J x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q J x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> x x x </td><td>Jack </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q J x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A x x </td><td>Jack </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q 10 x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A x x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q x x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K x x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q x x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> x x x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A x x </td><td>Queen </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A 10 x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">Q x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A J x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">Q x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K x x </td><td>Low (<span class="smcap">T</span>) Q (<span class="smcap">N T</span>) </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">Q x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J x x </td><td>Low <a name="page_069" id="page_069"></a></td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">Q x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> x x x </td><td>Queen </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">J 10 x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A K x </td><td>Ten </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">J 10 x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A x x </td><td>Ten </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">J 10 x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K x x </td><td>Ten </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">J x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K 10 x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">J x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K x x </td><td>Jack </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q x x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A K x </td><td>Jack </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A Q x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A K x </td><td>Ten </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A Q x </td><td>Ten </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 x </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> A J x </td><td>Low </td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="c"><small>(T) means with a declared trump.<br /> +(N T) means with no trumps.</small></p> + +<p><a name="page_070" id="page_070"></a></p> + +<p><a name="page_071" id="page_071"></a></p> + +<p class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illust_hands.jpg" width="300" height="272" alt="ILLUSTRATIVE +HANDS" title="" /> +</p> + +<p><a name="page_072" id="page_072"></a></p> + +<p class="c">NOTES ON ILLUSTRATIVE HAND NO. 1</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 1.</span>—The dealer refuses to give up the +A of spades, as he wishes to exhaust the spades +in one hand before he attempts to clear his club +suit.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 4.</span>—B, hoping to take the last club +from the dealer's hand, refuses to part with +the A of clubs.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 6.</span>—B tries to put his partner in the +lead so that he may make the spades.<a name="page_073" id="page_073"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">ILLUSTRATIVE HAND NO. 1</p> + +<p class="c"><i>Keeping the Command of the Adversaries' Suit.</i></p> + +<p><small>The score is love-all, rubber game. The dealer, Z, makes +it no-trump. A leads for the first trick. The underlined +card wins the trick and the card under it is the one led for +the next trick.</small></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> +<tr><td> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> 9<br /> +<big>♣</big> K Q J 5 4 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> Q 6 5<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 7 6 3</td> +<td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> K Q J 8 6 2<br /> +<big>♣</big> 9 8<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> 9 4<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 10 8 2</td> + +<td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black;"> Y </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> + +<td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> 10 7 5<br /> +<big>♣</big> A 7<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> J 10 8 7<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> A J 9 5</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">B</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"> Z </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="4"> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> A 4 3<br /> +<big>♣</big> 10 6 3<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> A K 3 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> K Q 4</td> +<td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px solid black;" class="bld"> + +<tr align="center"><td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;">TRICK</td><td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;" colspan="3">A</td><td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;" colspan="3">Y</td><td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;" colspan="3">B </td> +<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black;" colspan="3">Z </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 1</td> + +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">K</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>9</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>5</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>3</td> +<td><big>♠</big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2</td> +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">Q</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>3</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td>7</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>4</td> +<td><big>♠</big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3</td> +<td> </td> +<td>2</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>2</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>6</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td>10</td> +<td><big>♠</big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4</td> +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>8</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>2</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>7</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♣</big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">10</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5</td> +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>9</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>J</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♣</big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>6</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6</td> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>2</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>7</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>5</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">K</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7</td> +<td> </td> +<td>6</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♣</big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">4</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>9</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>9</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8</td> +<td> </td> +<td>8</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♣</big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">5</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>J</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>4</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9</td> +<td> </td> +<td>J</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♣</big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">Q</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td>7</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>Q</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">10</td> +<td> </td> +<td>4</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♣</big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">K</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td>8</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>2</td> +<td><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">11</td> +<td> </td> +<td>9</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">Q</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>10</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>3</td> +<td><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">12</td> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>8</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td>6</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>J</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">K</td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">13</td> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>10</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td>5</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>A</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="13"> </td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="c">The dealer wins ten tricks.<a name="page_074" id="page_074"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="c">NOTES ON ILLUSTRATIVE HAND NO. 2</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 1.</span>—A leads from his longest suit.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 2.</span>—B returns his partner's lead with +his highest card, which the dealer refuses to +take, as he wishes to wait until B has no more +of the suit.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 3.</span>—A again leads a diamond, as he +has the K of spades for re-entry and wishes to +establish the diamond suit.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 4.</span>—The dealer plays for the clubs, his +longest suit, and takes the first trick, as he +holds J and 10 and can clear the suit in one +more lead.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 6.</span>—B, having no diamonds, opens his +heart suit, hoping to put his partner in the +lead. The dealer applying the "Rule of +Eleven," and finding that he holds the four +cards above the seven, passes so as to take the +lead in the dummy hand.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick</span> 7.—Leading through.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tricks</span> 8 and 9.—Making the clubs and putting +the dummy hand in the lead so as to come +through the K and J of hearts.<a name="page_075" id="page_075"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">ILLUSTRATIVE HAND NO. 2</p> + +<p class="c"><i>Playing for the Longest Suit in the Two Hands.</i></p> + +<p><small>The score is love-all, rubber game. The dealer, Z, makes +it no-trump and A leads for the first trick.</small></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> +<tr><td> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> 8 6 4<br /> +<big>♣</big> 7 6 5 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> A 6 3<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 9 5 4</td> +<td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> K J 10 2<br /> +<big>♣</big> 9 8<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> Q J 7 5 4<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 6 3</td> + +<td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black;"> Y </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> + +<td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> Q 7 5<br /> +<big>♣</big> K Q 3<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> K 8 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> K J 8 7</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">B</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"> Z </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="4"> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> A 9 3<br /> +<big>♣</big> A J 10 4 <br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> 10 9<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> A Q 10 2</td> +<td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px solid black;" class="bld"> + +<tr align="center"><td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;">TRICK</td><td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;" colspan="3">A</td><td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;" colspan="3">Y</td><td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;" colspan="3">B </td> +<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black;" colspan="3">Z </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 1</td> + +<td> </td> +<td>5</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>3</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">K</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>9</td> +<td><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2</td> +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">J</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>6</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>8</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>10</td> +<td><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3</td> +<td> </td> +<td>4</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>2</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>3</td> +<td><big>♠</big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4</td> +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>8</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>2</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>Q</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♣</big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5</td> +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>9</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>5</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♣</big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">K</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>J</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6</td> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>3</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">9</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>7</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>2</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7</td> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>6</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>4</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>8</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">10</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8</td> +<td> </td> +<td>2</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>6</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>3</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♣</big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">10</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9</td> +<td> </td> +<td>10</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♣</big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">7</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td>5</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>4</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">10</td> +<td> </td> +<td>7</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>5</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>J</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">Q</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">11</td> +<td> </td> +<td>Q</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>4</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>K</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">12</td> +<td> </td> +<td>J</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>6</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>7</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">13</td> +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">K</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>8</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>Q</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>9</td> +<td><big>♠</big></td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="13"> </td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="c">The dealer wins nine tricks.<a name="page_076" id="page_076"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="c">NOTES ON ILLUSTRATIVE HAND NO. 3</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 1.</span>—A opens his fourth best heart, as +his hand is strong, and he wishes his partner +to return that suit.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The Dealer.</span>—As the longest suit in the two +hands is diamonds, the dealer takes the first +trick with the A of hearts, so that he may be +able, if necessary, to put the dummy hand in +the lead; also so that the adversaries may not +know the cards he holds in the heart suit.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 2.</span>—A refuses to part with the commanding +card of the diamond suit.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 3.</span>—The dealer takes the lead in the +dummy hand in order to establish his diamond +suit.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 4.</span>—As the dealer has now no diamonds, +it is useless to hold up any longer.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 6.</span>—If A leads either clubs or spades +he must lose a trick; his best play is to continue +with the heart suit.<a name="page_077" id="page_077"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">ILLUSTRATIVE HAND NO. 3</p> + +<p class="c"><i>Making a Re-entry Card for Dummy's Long Suit.</i></p> + +<p>The score is 24 to 0 against the dealer on the rubber game. +The dealer, Z, makes it no-trump and A leads for the first +trick.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> +<tr><td> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big>A 2<br /> +<big>♣</big> J 10<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> Q J 9 5 4 3 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> Q 7</td> +<td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> K J 4<br /> +<big>♣</big> A 4<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> A 8 6<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 10 8 6 5 4 </td> + +<td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black;"> Y </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> + +<td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> 10 9 7 5<br /> +<big>♣</big> Q 9 6 3 <br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> 10 7<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 9 3 2</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">B</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"> Z </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="4"> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> Q 8 6 3<br /> +<big>♣</big> K 8 7 5 2 <br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> K<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> A K J</td> +<td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px solid black;" class="bld"> + +<tr align="center"><td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;">TRICK</td><td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;" colspan="3">A</td><td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;" colspan="3">Y</td><td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:1px solid black;" colspan="3">B </td> +<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black;" colspan="3">Z </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 1</td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>5</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>7</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>9</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2</td> +<td> </td> +<td>6</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>2</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>7</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">K</td> +<td><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3</td> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>4</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">Q</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>2</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>J</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4</td> +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>Q</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>10</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♣</big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">2</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5</td> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>6</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>10</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>3</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">K</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6</td> +<td> </td> +<td>4</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>5</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>3</td> +<td><big>♠</big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7</td> +<td> </td> +<td>8</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">J</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>3</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>5</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8</td> +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>4</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">9</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>7</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>7</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9</td> +<td> </td> +<td>J</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">5</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>9</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>6</td> +<td><big>♠</big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">10</td> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>8</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">4</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>10</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>8</td> +<td><big>♠</big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">11</td> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>10</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">3</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>6</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td>Q</td> +<td><big>♠</big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">12</td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♣</big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>J</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>Q</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>K</td> +<td></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">13</td> +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px solid black;">K</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-bottom:2px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>2</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>9</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>8</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="13"> </td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="c">The dealer wins ten tricks.<a name="page_078" id="page_078"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="c">NOTES ON ILLUSTRATIVE HAND NO. 4</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 2.</span>—As the adversaries must take one +trick in the spade suit, the dealer allows them +to win the first trick, in order to take the third +round with the A, the A being the only re-entry +card in the dummy.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 3.</span>—A continues with his long suit. +The dealer, hoping that the A of diamonds is +in B's hand, refuses to give up the commanding +card.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 5.</span>—The dealer, so that the suit will +not be blocked, leads the K of spades.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 6.</span>—The diamond discard loses a trick.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 9.</span>—The dealer, holding the A of clubs +for re-entry, now clears the diamond suit.<a name="page_079" id="page_079"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">ILLUSTRATIVE HAND NO. 4</p> + +<p class="c"><i>Saving a Re-entry Card for the Dummy's Long Suit.</i></p> + +<p class="c"><small>The score is love-all, rubber game. The dealer, Z, makes +it no-trump, and A leads for the first trick.</small></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> +<tr><td> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big>A 9 6 5 2<br /> +<big>♣</big>9 8 7<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big>6 5 4<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big>6 5</td> +<td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big>J 10<br /> +<big>♣</big> K 10<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> J 9 7 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big>K J 8 4 2</td> + +<td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black;"> Y </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> + +<td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> Q 7 4<br /> +<big>♣</big> Q J 5 4 3 <br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> A 3<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 10 9 7</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">B</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"> Z </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="4"> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> K 8 3<br /> +<big>♣</big> A 6 2 <br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> K Q 10 8<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> A Q 3</td> +<td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px +solid black;" class="bld"> + +<tr align="center"><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;">TRICK</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="3">A</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="3">Y</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="3">B </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="3">Z </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> 1</td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>4</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>5</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>9</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td +style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;">Q</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> 2</td> +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;">10</td> + +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:2px +solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>2</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>4</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>3</td> +<td><big>♠</big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> 3</td> + +<td style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;">J</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>6</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>7</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>3</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> 4</td> +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>2</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>7</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> + +<td>10</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td +style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> 5</td> + +<td> </td> +<td>J</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>5</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>7</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;">K</td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;"><big>♠</big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> 6</td> +<td> </td> +<td>2</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;">A</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:2px +solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>Q</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>8</td> +<td><big>♠</big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> 7</td> + +<td> </td> +<td>7</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;">9</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:2px +solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>3</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>2</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> 8</td> + +<td> </td> +<td>9</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;">6</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:2px +solid black;"><big>♠</big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>3</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>6</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> 9</td> + +<td> </td> +<td>J</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>4</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td +style=" +border-bottom:2px +solid black;">A</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:2px +solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td> </td> +<td>8</td> +<td><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px +solid black;">10</td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>10</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>8</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>4</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td +style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;"><big>♣</big> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px +solid black;">11</td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>8</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td>5</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>5</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;">K</td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px +solid black;">12</td> + +<td><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td>K</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td>6</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>J</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;">Q</td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px +solid black;">13</td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>K</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>9</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td><big>♣</big></td> +<td>Q</td> +<td +style="border-right:1px +solid black;"> </td> + +<td> </td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;">10</td> +<td style="border-bottom:2px +solid black;"><big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="13"> </td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="c">The dealer wins ten tricks.<a name="page_080" id="page_080"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="c"><span class="smcap">Notes on Illustrative Hand No. 5</span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 1.</span>—A opens his longest suit with the +fourth best card.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 2.</span>—B returns his partner's lead.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 3.</span>—A continues with his suit in order +to establish it, as he holds the K of diamonds +and the Q of clubs for re-entry.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 4.</span>—The dealer has the choice of three +suits, the spades, clubs, and diamonds being of +equal length. If he leads a spade he takes +away the re-entry card for the dummy's club +suit. If he takes the lead in the dummy and +attempts to catch the K of diamonds by leading +the Q up to the A, he gives A an opportunity +of making his two hearts and of saving the +game. In order to win three by-cards and the +game, he must prevent A from getting the lead; +he therefore leads the club and allows B to win +the trick.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 5.</span>—The dealer must play the A of diamonds; +for if the clubs fall evenly the rest of +the tricks are his.<a name="page_081" id="page_081"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="redhead">ILLUSTRATIVE HAND NO. 5</p> + +<p><i>Keeping the Hand Holding an Established Suit +from Getting into the Lead.</i></p> + +<p>The score is 24 to 0 against the dealer, Z, who makes it +no-trump. A leads for the first trick.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> +<tr><td> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> Q 10 8<br /> +<big>♣</big> A K 9 8 7 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> Q 9<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> J 2</td> +<td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> 5 4 2<br /> +<big>♣</big> Q 4 3<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> K 8<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> K 10 5 4 3 </td> + +<td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black;"> Y </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> + +<td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> 9 7 6<br /> +<big>♣</big> J 10 6 <br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> 5 4 3 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> A 9 6</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">B</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"> Z </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="4"> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> A K J 3<br /> +<big>♣</big> 5<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> A J 10 7 6<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> Q 8 7</td> +<td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px +solid black;" class="bld"> + +<tr align="center"><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;">TRICK</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">A</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">Y</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">B </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">Z </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 1 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 2 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big>A</span> </td><td> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 7 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big>K</span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big>J </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 9 </td><td> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 8 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 6 </td><td> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big>Q</span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 7 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big>♣</big> 10</span> </td><td> <big>♣</big> 5 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> <span class="und">A<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">Q <big>♠</big> </span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 <big>♠</big> </td><td> 3 <big>♠</big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>A</span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 6 </td><td> 6 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big>Q </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>K</span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big>J </td><td> 7 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big>♣</big> 9 </span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 <big>♠</big> </td><td> 10 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big>♣</big> 8 </span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 <big>♠</big> </td><td> J<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 11 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big>♣</big> 2 </span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> J <big>♠</big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 12 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 10 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> <span class="und">K <big>♠</big> </span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 13 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> <span class="und">A <big>♠</big> </span> </td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="13"> </td></tr> + +</table> + +<p class="c">The dealer wins ten tricks. +<a name="page_082" id="page_082"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="c"><span class="smcap">Notes on Illustrative Hand No. 6</span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 1.</span>—A leads from his only four-card +suit. The dealer plays the ace second in hand +in order to trump his losing diamond.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 2.</span>—The dealer false-cards so that the +adversaries will not know that he holds the +queen.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 3.</span>—As A led the deuce of diamonds, +showing but four cards in the suit, the dealer +knows that B has one more diamond. He +therefore, before leading trumps, allows dummy +to trump a losing card.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tricks 4, 5, and 6.</span>—The dealer now proceeds +to lead trumps, and, as he has no strength in +clubs in his own hand, he throws away clubs +from the dummy hand.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 7.</span>—Holding but six spades in the two +hands, the dealer tries to force discards of +spades.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 8.</span>—Forcing another discard with the +best diamond.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tricks 9, 10, and 11.</span>—The spades fall, leaving +dummy with the best spade and the ace of +clubs as re-entry.<a name="page_083" id="page_083"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="redhead">ILLUSTRATIVE HAND NO. 6</p> + +<p><i>Allowing the Weaker of the Two Hands to +"Ruff" before Leading Trumps.</i></p> + +<p><small>The score is love-all. The dealer, Z, makes it hearts, +having four honours in one hand. A leads to the first trick.</small></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> +<tr><td> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> A 6 4 3<br /> +<big>♣</big> A J 9 4 3<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> A 4<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 95</td> +<td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> Q 10 5<br /> +<big>♣</big> 8 7 6<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> J 9 7 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 7 6 4 </td> + +<td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black;"> Y </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> + +<td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> 9 8 7 2<br /> +<big>♣</big> K Q 10 <br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> 10 8 6<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 10 3 2</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">B</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"> Z </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="4"> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> K J<br /> +<big>♣</big> 5 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> K Q 5 3<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> A K Q J 8</td> +<td> </td></tr> +</table> +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px +solid black;" class="bld"> + +<tr align="center"><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;">TRICK</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">A</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">Y</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">B </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">Z </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 1 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">A<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> 3 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> <span class="und">K<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 5 </span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> 5 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 9 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 2 </td><td> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big>A</span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 6 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 3 </td><td> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big>K</span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 7 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 10 </td><td> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big>Q</span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 6 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 9 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 10 </td><td> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big>J</span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big>J </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 <big>♠</big> </td><td> <span class="und">Q<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 <big>♠</big> </td><td> <span class="und">K<big>♠</big></span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q<big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">A<big>♠</big></span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 <big>♠</big> </td><td> J<big>♠</big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 11 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 <big>♠</big> </td><td> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 8 </span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 12 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 7 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>A</span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big>Q </td><td> <big>♣</big> 2 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 13 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">6 <big>♠</big></span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big>K </td><td> <big>♣</big> 5 </td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="13"> </td></tr> + +</table> + +<p class="c">The dealer makes a grand slam.<a name="page_084" id="page_084"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="c"><span class="smcap">Notes on Illustrative Hand No. 7</span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 1.</span>—The scheme which the dealer must +adopt for the play of the two hands is to exhaust +trumps and to establish the club suit. +Holding the A, Q, and J of diamonds, in order +to catch the K, the lead must come from the +dummy; and so that he may lead up to his +tenace in trumps, the dealer trumps the Q of +hearts.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 2.</span>—As the finesse succeeds the dealer +must place the lead in dummy so that he may +again lead through the K of diamonds.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 3.</span>—The dealer holds too many clubs, +so must use the A of spades to get the lead +in dummy, even though it clears the spade suit +for the adversaries.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tricks 4 and 5.</span>—The trumps fall evenly, leaving +the dealer with the last trump.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 6.</span>—The K of clubs, being guarded, +must make.<a name="page_085" id="page_085"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="redhead">ILLUSTRATIVE HAND NO. 7</p> + +<p class="c"><i>Trumping Your Own Trick to get the Lead into +the Right Hand.</i></p> + +<p class="c"><small>The score is 18 to 0 in favour of the dealer, Z, who has a +game in and makes it diamonds, having four honours.</small></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> +<tr><td> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> A 8 7 6 5<br /> +<big>♣</big> A Q 10 5 4<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> 8 7 6<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> None</td> +<td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> K J 9 3<br /> +<big>♣</big> None<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> 5 4 3<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> K J 10 8 4 2 </td> + +<td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black;"> Y </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> + +<td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> Q 10 4<br /> +<big>♣</big> K 7 <br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> K 9 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 9 7 6 5 3</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">B</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"> Z </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="4"> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> 2<br /> +<big>♣</big> J 9 8 6 3 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> A Q J 10<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> A Q</td> +<td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px +solid black;" class="bld"> + +<tr align="center"><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;">TRICK</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">A</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">Y</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">B </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">Z </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 1 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 10 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"> 6 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 3 </td><td> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big>Q </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> <span class="und">Q<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">A<big>♠</big></span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 <big>♠</big> </td><td> 2 <big>♠</big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> <span class="und">J<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> <span class="und">A<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 2 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 10 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>K</span> </td><td> <big>♣</big> 2 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 5 </td><td> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big>A</span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>Q</span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 7 </td><td> <big>♣</big> 3 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big>J </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>A</span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 6 </td><td> <big>♣</big> 6 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big>K </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 7 </td><td> <span class="und"><big>♣</big> 8 </span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 11 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 9 </td><td> <span class="und"><big>♣</big> 9 </span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 12 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J<big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 <big>♠</big> </td><td> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>J</span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 13 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K<big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q<big>♠</big> </td><td> <span class="und">10 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span> </td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="13"> </td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="c">The dealer makes a little slam.</p> + +<p><a name="page_086" id="page_086"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="c"><span class="smcap">Notes on Illustrative Hand No. 8</span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 1.</span>—By playing the king of spades second +in hand, the dealer hopes to win two tricks +in that suit.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 2.</span>—As the adversaries must make one +trick in the club suit, Z tries to place the lead +in A's hand so that the queen of spades may be +led up to.</p> + +<p>The eight of clubs is a clever play. If the +king were led, A would know positively that Z +held the ace.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 3.</span>—The leader has but little information +to guide him in his next play. He does +not dare to lead the hearts, as it may establish +that suit against him; the lead of the queen +of clubs is tempting; but judging from the +development of the hand the ace of spades is +probably his best play.<a name="page_087" id="page_087"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="redhead">ILLUSTRATIVE HAND NO. 8</p> + +<p class="c"><i>Throwing the Lead and Refusing to take First +Trick in Long Suit.</i></p> + +<p class="c"><small>The score is 22 to 0 against the dealer, Z, who makes it +no-trump. A leads for the first trick.</small></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> +<tr><td> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> K 7<br /> +<big>♣</big> K 8<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> Q 10 7 3<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> Q 10 5 4 3</td> +<td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> A J 6 4 3<br /> +<big>♣</big> Q 10<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> 8 6 4 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 8 7 </td> + +<td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black;"> Y </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> + +<td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> 10 8 2 <br /> +<big>♣</big> J 4 2 <br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> 9 5 <br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> A K J 9 2</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">B</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"> Z </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="4"> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> Q 9 5<br /> +<big>♣</big> A 9 7 6 5 3<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> A K J<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 6</td> +<td> </td></tr> +</table> +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px +solid black;" class="bld"> + +<tr align="center"><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;">TRICK</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">A</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">Y</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">B </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">Z </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 1 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">K<big>♠</big></span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 <big>♠</big> </td><td> 5 <big>♠</big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big>♣</big> 10 </span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 2 </td><td> <big>♣</big> 3 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">A<big>♠</big></span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 <big>♠</big> </td><td> 9 <big>♠</big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 <big>♠</big> </td><td> <span class="und">Q<big>♠</big></span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big>Q </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>K</span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 4 </td><td> <big>♣</big> 5 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> <span class="und">A<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big>J </td><td> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>A</span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J<big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 2 </td><td> <span class="und"><big>♣</big> 9 </span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 10 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 9 </td><td> <span class="und"><big>♣</big> 7 </span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big>Q </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big>J </td><td> <span class="und"><big>♣</big> 6 </span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 11 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> <span class="und">K<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 12 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 7 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">Q<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> K </td><td> J<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 13 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">10 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> A </td><td> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 6 </td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="13"> </td></tr> + +</table> + +<p class="c">The dealer wins eleven tricks.<a name="page_088" id="page_088"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="c"><span class="smcap">Notes on Illustrative Hand No. 9</span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 1.</span>—The correct second in hand play +of this combination is the queen, hoping to win +two tricks in the suit. Z, in order to win three +by-cards and the rubber, must take a finesse in +spades; and so not only refuses to play the +queen second in hand, but will not take the +trick fourth in hand. His object is to wait +until B's last heart has been played.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 2.</span>—If B starts the diamond suit, the +dealer cannot make more than the odd trick; +but the situation looks as if A holds both ace +and king of hearts.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 3.</span>—A, having a possible re-entry card, +must establish his suit.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 4.</span>—Z leads the club suit in order to +force discards, and arranges the lead so that +his tenace in spades may be led up to.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 9.</span>—Z cannot afford to let A get the +lead.<a name="page_089" id="page_089"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="redhead">ILLUSTRATIVE HAND NO. 9</p> + +<p><i>Refusing to Win Either the First or the Second +Round of the Adversaries' Suit.</i></p> + +<p>It is the rubber game. Score 24 to 0 against the dealer. Z, +the dealer, makes it no-trump, and A leads for the first trick.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> +<tr><td> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> A Q 8 7 3<br /> +<big>♣</big> K J 8 5<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> J 9<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> Q 5</td> +<td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> 6 4<br /> +<big>♣</big> 7 3<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> K 10 5<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> A J 9 7 4 3</td> + +<td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black;"> Y </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> + +<td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> K 9 5<br /> +<big>♣</big> 9 6 4 <br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> Q 8 6 4 2 <br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 10 8</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">B</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"> Z </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="4"> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> J 10 2<br /> +<big>♣</big> A Q 10 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> A 7 3<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> K 6 2</td> +<td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px +solid black;" class="bld"> + +<tr align="center"><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;">TRICK</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">A</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">Y</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">B </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">Z </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 1 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 7 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 10 </span> </td><td> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 2 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big>A</span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big>Q </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 8 </td><td> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 6 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big>K</span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>K</span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 4 </td><td> <big>♣</big> 2 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 7 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>J</span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 6 </td><td> <big>♣</big> 10 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 9 </td><td> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>Q</span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 <big>♠</big> </td><td> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>A</span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">K<big>♠</big></span> </td><td> J<big>♠</big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> <span class="und">A<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 <big>♠</big> </td><td> <span class="und">10 <big>♠</big></span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 11 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 9 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">A<big>♠</big></span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> 2 <big>♠</big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 12 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big>J </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">Q<big>♠</big></span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> 3 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 13 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">8 <big>♠</big></span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> 7 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="13"> </td></tr> + +</table> + +<p class="c">The dealer wins ten tricks.<a name="page_090" id="page_090"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="c"><span class="smcap">Notes on Illustrative Hand No. 10</span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 1.</span>—As A may have both king and +queen of diamonds, Z passes the first trick, +hoping to win with his ten.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 2.</span>—Many players would lead the club +suit because of dummy's weakness; but in the +original play of this hand B led the queen of +hearts.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 3.</span>—Z starts the spade suit and finds +the queen is guarded in A's hand.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 4.</span>—In order to prevent the queen of +spades from winning, Z must get the lead in +his own hand. If he takes the finesse in clubs +and it loses, the adversaries must make the entire +heart suit. The finesse can win only <i>one</i> +trick, and it might lose five or six tricks.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 5</span>—To catch the queen of spades is +now easy.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 7</span>—- A clever play to get the lead and +to play through the king of diamonds.<a name="page_091" id="page_091"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="redhead">ILLUSTRATIVE HAND NO. 10</p> + +<p><i>Leading Through.</i></p> + +<p>The score is love-all. The dealer, Z, passes the make. +Y declares no-trump. A leads for the first trick.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> +<tr><td> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> A K J 10 5 2<br /> +<big>♣</big> 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> A J 9 4 3<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> A</td> +<td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> Q 8 3<br /> +<big>♣</big> K 8 4<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> K 8 6 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> K 5 4</td> + +<td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black;"> Y </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> + +<td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> None<br /> +<big>♣</big> J 10 9 7 6 5<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> Q<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> Q J 10 9 8 7</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">B</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"> Z </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="4"> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> 9 7 6 4<br /> +<big>♣</big> A Q 3<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> 10 7 5<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 6 3 2</td> +<td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px +solid black;" class="bld"> + +<tr align="center"><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;">TRICK</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">A</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">Y</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">B </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">Z </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 1 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">Q<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span></td><td> 5 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big>A</span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big>Q </td><td> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 2 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">K<big>♠</big></span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 5 </td><td> 4 <big>♠</big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 2 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 9 </td><td><span class="und"><big>♣</big>A</span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">10 <big>♠</big></span></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 6 </td><td> 6 <big>♠</big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q<big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">A<big>♠</big></span></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 7 </td><td> 7 <big>♠</big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big>K </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 7 </td><td> <span class="und"> 9 <big>♠</big></span></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 8 </td><td> <span class="und">10 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">9 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 10 </td><td> 7 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">10 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> K<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">A<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 9 </td><td> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 3 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">11 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">J<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big>J </td><td> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 6 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">12 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">J<big>♠</big></span></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 10 </td><td> <big>♣</big> 3 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">13 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big>K </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">5 <big>♠</big></span></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big>J </td><td> <big>♣</big>Q </td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="13"> </td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="c">The dealer makes a little slam.<a name="page_092" id="page_092"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="c"><span class="smcap">Notes on Illustrative Hand No. 11</span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 1.</span>—A leads from his long suit, and Z +wins the trick with the singleton ace.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 2.</span>—The dealer, having eight clubs and +eight spades in the two hands, has now a choice +of suits. The king of spades <i>must</i> make against +him while he has a finesse in the club suit. If +he leads the clubs first he is compelled to guess +in which hand to take the finesse; he therefore +leads the spade, hoping by establishing that +suit to force discards and find out where the +two queens are.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 3.</span>—B might make it more difficult for +A by not playing the king of spades.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tricks 5, 6, 7, and 8.</span>—A's two discards of +clubs show that the queen is not in his hand, +while B's heart discard indicates that he does +not hold the queen of hearts. The queen of +hearts is also marked in A's hand by the fact +that he is discarding his winning diamonds +and protecting hearts.<a name="page_093" id="page_093"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="redhead">ILLUSTRATIVE HAND NO. 11</p> + +<p class="c"><i>Choice of Suits.—Watching the Adversaries' Discards.</i></p> + +<p class="c"><small>The score is love-all. The dealer, Z, makes it no-trump, +and A leads for the first trick.</small></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> +<tr><td> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> A 9 7 5<br /> +<big>♣</big> K J 3 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> K 8<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> K 10 7</td> +<td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> J 3<br /> +<big>♣</big> 6 5<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> Q 9 7 6 5 4<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> Q 9 3</td> + +<td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black;"> Y </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> + +<td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> K 6 4<br /> +<big>♣</big> Q 9 7<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> J 10 3 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 6 5 4</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">B</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"> Z </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="4"> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> Q 10 8 2<br /> +<big>♣</big> Q 10 8 4<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> A<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> A J 8 2</td> +<td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px +solid black;" class="bld"> + +<tr align="center"><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;">TRICK</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">A</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">Y</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">B </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">Z </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 1 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> <span class="und">A<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">A<big>♠</big></span></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 <big>♠</big> </td><td> 2 <big>♠</big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J<big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">K<big>♠</big></span></td><td> 8 <big>♠</big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">K<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> J<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> <big>♣</big> 4 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 <big>♠</big> </td><td> <span class="und">Q<big>♠</big></span></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 6 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 4 </td><td> <span class="und"> 10 <big>♠</big></span></td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>K</span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 7 </td><td> <big>♣</big> 8 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 2 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 9 </td><td><span class="und"><big>♣</big> 10 </span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big>Q </td><td><span class="und"><big>♣</big>A</span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">10 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 10</span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 5 </td><td> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 2 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">11 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Q<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>J</span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 8 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">12 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 9 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big>K</span> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 6 </td><td> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big>J </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">13 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big>Q </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 7 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td><span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big>A</span> </td></tr> + +<tr><td colspan="13"> </td></tr> + +</table> + +<p class="c">The dealer makes a little slam.<a name="page_094" id="page_094"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="c"><span class="smcap">Notes on Illustrative Hand No. 12</span></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Tricks 1 and 2.</span>—A leads high, hoping in +three leads to drop all the diamonds.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Trick 3.</span>—B discards a spade, plainly indicating +the suit he wishes A to lead.</p> + +<p>If the discard of a heart is made, indicating +weakness, A is compelled to choose between +the clubs and spades, and as he cannot afford +to lead from the king of spades once protected +will undoubtedly lead the jack of clubs.</p> + +<p>The discard from weakness in this hand, +should A guess the wrong suit, may lose six or +seven tricks.<a name="page_095" id="page_095"></a></p> + +<p> +<br /> +</p> + +<p class="redhead">ILLUSTRATIVE HAND NO. 12</p> + +<p class="c"><i>The Discard of Strength versus Weakness.</i></p> + +<p class="c"><small>The score is 24 to 0 against the dealer on the rubber +game. The dealer, Z, makes it no-trump, and A leads for +the first trick.</small></p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +class="bld"> +<tr><td> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> 9 8 7 6<br /> +<big>♣</big> 8 3 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> 9 6 2<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 10 5 2</td> +<td rowspan="4"> </td></tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> K 10<br /> +<big>♣</big> J 10 5<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> A K Q 4<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 7 6 4 3</td> + +<td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black;"> Y </td><td +style="border-top:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> + +<td rowspan="3"><big>♠</big> A Q J 5 4 3 2<br /> +<big>♣</big> None<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> 7 5<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> K J 9 8</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-left:2px solid black;">A</td> +<td> </td> +<td +style="border-right:2px solid black;">B</td></tr> + +<tr><td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-left:2px solid black;"> </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black;"> Z </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:2px solid black; +border-right:2px solid black;"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr><td rowspan="4"> </td> +<td colspan="5"><big>♠</big> None<br /> +<big>♣</big> A K Q 9 7 6 4<br /> +<big><span class="red">♦</span></big> J 10 8 3<br /> +<big><span class="red">♥</span></big> A Q</td> +<td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="8" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px +solid black;" class="bld"> + +<tr align="center"><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;">TRICK</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">A</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">Y</td><td +style="border-right:1px +solid black; +border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">B </td> +<td +style="border-bottom:1px +solid black;" colspan="1">Z </td></tr> + +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 1 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">K<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> 3 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">Q<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td> 8 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">A<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 2 <big>♠</big> </td><td> 10 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">K<big>♠</big></span></td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 3 <big>♠</big> </td><td> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big>Q </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 10 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">A<big>♠</big></span></td><td> <big>♣</big> 4 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 6 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 4 <big><span class="red">♦</span></big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">Q<big>♠</big></span></td><td> <big>♣</big> 6 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 7 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 <big>♠</big> </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">J<big>♠</big></span></td><td> <big>♣</big> 7 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 2 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">5 <big>♠</big></span></td><td> <big>♣</big> 9 </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 9 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 6 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 3 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <span class="und">4 <big>♠</big></span></td><td> <big>♣</big>Q </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">10 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 7 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 2 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 8 </td><td> <span class="und"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big>A</span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">11 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 9 </td><td> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>A</span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">12 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> 10 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 5 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big>J </td><td> <span class="und"><big>♣</big>K</span> </td></tr> +<tr><td align="right" style="border-right:1px solid black;">13 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big>J </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big> 10 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♥</span></big>K </td><td> <span class="und">J<big><span class="red">♦</span></big></span></td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="13"> </td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="c">The dealer loses three by-cards and the rubber.<a name="page_096" id="page_096"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">BRIDGE FOR THREE PLAYERS</p> + +<p>When the game is played by three persons +the cards are cut to decide which shall have the +dummy; the one cutting the lowest card has +the deal and a permanent dummy during the +game or the rubber, as the case may be. It is +then customary for each player to have dummy +in turn, during one game or rubber.</p> + +<p>In playing rubbers, 100 points are added to +the score of the winning side.</p> + +<p>In playing games, 50 points are added to +score of the winning side.</p> + +<p>If the make is passed to dummy, four aces +or three aces constitute a compulsory "no-trump" +declaration; otherwise, dummy must +declare the longest suit.</p> + +<p>When there are two suits of equal length, +dummy must select the suit which counts most +by spots, the ace counting eleven and the other +honours ten each. If the suits are still equal, +dummy declares the one having the higher +trick valuation.</p> + +<p>Only one adversary, the leader, can double.</p> + +<p>If the dealer has seen the two hands, he is +not allowed to re-double.</p> + +<p>The dummy hand is not exposed until the +doubling has been settled and a card led.</p> + +<p>When the dummy is the leader, his partner +must look at dummy hand and lead from it before<a name="page_097" id="page_097"></a> +seeing his own cards; and dummy alone +has the right to double.</p> + +<p class="redhead">DUPLICATE BRIDGE</p> + +<p>Bridge, when first introduced, was played +almost entirely for a stake; but, in the last few +years, many players have taken up the game—<i>per +se</i>—on account of its interesting possibilities +and the intellectual pleasure it gives. Duplicate +and Progressive Bridge have, therefore, +become very popular.</p> + +<p>The object of Duplicate Bridge is to eliminate, +as nearly as is possible, the element of +luck, and to make the game not so much a +question of holding good cards as a comparative +test of skill between players. A perfect +test cannot be made by a single trial, as an +unusual distribution of the cards might defeat +two strong players, but in a series of +duplicate games, good makes and good plays +will undoubtedly mark the better Bridge +players.</p> + +<p>As Duplicate Bridge is played for points, +not games or rubbers, the honour score requires +as much attention as the trick score.</p> + +<p>Remember that holding three red honours +you can stand the loss of two odd tricks (unless +the mate is doubled) without losing on +the deal, and that there is almost an even<a name="page_098" id="page_098"></a> +chance that your partner will hold another +honour.</p> + +<p>It you make it red with but one honour, your +adversaries will probably secure the honour +score.</p> + +<p>If you declare "no-trump" with but one ace +the honours will probably be even; but you +may find three aces against you.</p> + +<p>Remember that four honours in clubs count +as much as the average deal is worth.</p> + +<p class="redhead">PROGRESSIVE BRIDGE</p> + +<p>Progressive Bridge may be played in much +the same manner as Progressive Euchre. While +to win at this game is very largely a matter +of holding good cards, it forms an interesting +social amusement; and, to players who +are unaccustomed to the arrangement of the +cards in Duplicate Bridge, is much less confusing.</p> + +<p>In Progressive Bridge the players are usually +numbered, 1, 2, 3, 4 playing at Table 1, and +5, 6, 7, 8 at Table 2, etc.</p> + +<p>At each table the cards are cut in the usual +manner for partners and for the deal; and a +stated number of hands played for points, tricks +and honours included, without regard to games +or rubbers.</p> + +<p>After playing the number of deals decided<a name="page_099" id="page_099"></a> +upon, the winning pair move to the next table, +where the cards are again cut for partners, and +for the deal.</p> + +<p>An individual score is kept of the points lost +and won during the entire game; the points +lost being deducted from those won, and the +player making the best net score being declared +the winner.</p> + +<p><a name="page_100" id="page_100"></a></p> + +<p><a name="page_101" id="page_101"></a></p> + +<h3><a name="THE_LAWS_OF_BRIDGE" id="THE_LAWS_OF_BRIDGE"></a>THE LAWS OF BRIDGE<br /><br /> +<small>REVISED, 1905</small></h3> + +<p><i>The laws of Bridge published in this edition have been +prepared by the author, who has used as a foundation the +codes accepted by the principal clubs of the world. The +author does not favour the exaction of a penalty for the +dealer's lead out of turn. The American opinion on this +point is divided, but the English practice is to exact no penalty. +Otherwise the various club codes show but minor differences.</i></p> + +<p class="redhead">THE RUBBER</p> + +<p>1. The partners first winning two games +win the rubber. If the first two games be won +by the same partners, the third game is not +played.</p> + +<p class="redhead">SCORING</p> + +<p>2. A game consists of thirty points obtained +by tricks alone, exclusive of any points counted +for honours, chicane or slam.</p> + +<p>3. Every hand is played out, and any points +in excess of thirty points necessary for the +game are counted.</p> + +<p>4. Each trick above six counts two points +when spades are trumps, four points when clubs<a name="page_102" id="page_102"></a> +are trumps, six points when diamonds are +trumps, eight points when hearts are trumps, +and twelve points when there are no trumps.</p> + +<p>5. Honours are ace, king, queen, knave and +ten of the trump suit; or the aces when no +trump is declared.</p> + +<p>6. Honours are credited to the original holders +and are valued as follows:</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border:2px solid black;"> + +<tr align="center"> +<td colspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black;">Declaration.</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black;"> <big>♠</big> </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black;"> <big>♣</big> </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black;"> <big><span class="red">♦</span></big></td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black;"><big><span class="red">♥</span></big></td> +<td style="border-bottom:1px solid black;"> No<br />Trumps</td></tr> + +<tr><td> </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;">Each Trick above Six </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 2 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 4 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 6 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 8 </td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 12 </td></tr> + +<tr><td valign="middle" + style="border-right:1px solid black;" +rowspan="6">HONOURS—</td> +<td style="border-right:1px solid black;">3 Honours </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 12 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 16 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 30 </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">4 " </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 16 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 24 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 32 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 40 </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">4 " (All in one hand)</td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 16 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 32 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 48 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 64 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 100 </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">5 " </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 10 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 20 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 30 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 40 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> — </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">5 " (4 in one hand) </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 18 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 36 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 64 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 72 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> — </td></tr> +<tr><td style="border-right:1px solid black;">5 " (All in one hand)</td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 20 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 40 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 60 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 80 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> — </td></tr> +<tr><td> </td><td align="center" style="border-right:1px solid black;"> Chicane </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 4 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 8 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;"> 12 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> 16 </td><td style="border-right:1px solid black;" align="right"> — </td></tr> +<tr><td colspan="7" align="center" style="border-right:1px solid black; +border-top:1px solid black;"> Rubber 100, Grand Slam 40, Little Slam 20. </td></tr> +</table> + +<p>7. If a player and his partner make thirteen +tricks, independently of any tricks gained by the +revoke penalty, they score Grand Slam and add +forty points to their honour count.</p> + +<p>8. Little slam is twelve tricks similarly +scored, and adds twenty points to the honour +count.</p> + +<p>9. Chicane (one hand void of trumps) is<a name="page_103" id="page_103"></a> +equal in value to three honours, <i>i.e.</i>, if partner +of player having chicane scores honours he adds +the value of three honours to his honour score, +while, if the adversaries score honours, it deducts +an equal value from their honour score. +Double Chicane (a player and his partner both +void of trumps) is equal in value to four honours, +and the value thereof may be deducted +from the total honour score of the adversaries.</p> + +<p>10. The value of honours, slam, little slam, +or chicane, is in nowise affected by doubling or +redoubling.</p> + +<p>11. At the conclusion of a rubber the scores +for tricks, honours, Chicane, and Slam, obtained +by each side are added, and one hundred +points are added to the score of the winners of +the rubber. The difference between the completed +scores is the number of points won or +lost by the winners of the rubber.</p> + +<p>12. If an erroneous score affecting tricks be +proven, such mistake must be corrected prior to +the conclusion of the game in which it has occurred, +and such game shall not be considered +as concluded until the following deal has been +completed and the trump declared, unless it be +that the game is the last one of the rubber,—then +the score is subject to inquiry until an<a name="page_104" id="page_104"></a> +agreement between the sides (as to the value of +the rubber) shall have been reached.</p> + +<p>13. If an erroneous score affecting honours, +chicane or slam be proven, such mistake may +be corrected at any time before the score of the +rubber has been made up and agreed upon.</p> + +<p class="redhead">CUTTING</p> + +<p>14. The ace is the lowest card.</p> + +<p>15. In all cases every player must cut from +the same pack.</p> + +<p>16. Should a player expose more than one +card, he must cut again.</p> + +<p class="redhead">FORMING TABLES</p> + +<p>17. The prior right of playing is with those +first in the room. If there are more than four +candidates for seats at a table, the privilege of +playing is decided by cutting. The four who +cut the lowest cards play first.</p> + +<p>18. After the table is formed, the players +cut to decide on partners; the two lowest play +against the two highest. The lowest is the +dealer, who has choice of cards and seats, and +who, having once made his selection, must abide +by it.<a name="page_105" id="page_105"></a></p> + +<p>19. Should the two players who cut lowest, +secure cards of equal value, they shall re-cut to +determine which of the two shall deal, and the +lower on the re-cut deals.</p> + +<p>20. Should three players cut cards of equal +value, they cut again; if the fourth card be the +highest, the two lowest of the new cut are partners +and the lower of the two the dealer; if, +however, the fourth card be the lowest, the two +highest on the re-cut are partners and the original +lowest the dealer.</p> + +<p>21. Six players constitute a full table, and +no player shall have a right to cut into a game +which is complete.</p> + +<p>22. When there are more than six candidates, +the right to succeed any player who may retire +is acquired by announcing the desire to do so, +and such announcement shall constitute a prior +right to the first vacancy.</p> + +<p class="redhead">CUTTING OUT</p> + +<p>23. If at the end of a rubber, should admission +be claimed by one or two candidates, the +player or players having played a greater number +of consecutive rubbers shall withdraw; but +when all have played the same number, they<a name="page_106" id="page_106"></a> +must cut to decide upon the outgoers; the highest +are out.</p> + +<p class="redhead">RIGHTS OF ENTRY</p> + +<p>24. A candidate desiring to enter a table +must declare such wish before any player at +the table cuts a card, either for the purpose of +beginning a new rubber or of cutting out.</p> + +<p>25. In the formation of new tables, those +candidates who have neither belonged to nor +played at any other table have the prior right +of entry. Those who have already played decide +their right of admission by cutting.</p> + +<p>26. A player who cuts into one table while +belonging to another, shall forfeit his prior +right of re-entry into the latter, unless by doing +so he enables three candidates to form a fresh +table. In this event he may signify his intention +of returning to his original table, and his +place at the new one can be filled.</p> + +<p>27. Should any player quit the table during +the progress of a rubber, he may, with the consent +of the other three players, appoint a substitute +during his absence; but such appointment +shall become void with the conclusion of +the rubber, and shall not in any way affect the +substitute's rights.<a name="page_107" id="page_107"></a></p> + +<p>28. If anyone break up a table, the remaining +players have a prior right to play at other +tables.</p> + +<p class="redhead">SHUFFLING</p> + +<p>29. The pack must neither be shuffled below +the table nor so the face of any card be seen.</p> + +<p>30. The dealer's partner must collect the +cards for the ensuing deal and he has the first +right to shuffle the cards. Each player has the +right to shuffle subsequently. The dealer has +the right to shuffle last, but should a card or +cards be seen during his shuffling, or whilst giving +the pack to be cut, he must re-shuffle.</p> + +<p>31. Each player, after shuffling, must place +the cards properly collected and face downward +to the left of the player next to deal.</p> + +<p class="redhead">THE DEAL</p> + +<p>32. Each player deals in his turn; the order +of dealing goes to the left.</p> + +<p>33. The player on the dealer's right cuts the +pack, and in dividing it he must not leave fewer +than four cards in either packet; if in cutting +or in replacing one of the two packets a card +be exposed, or if there be any confusion of the<a name="page_108" id="page_108"></a> +cards or a doubt as to the exact place in which +the pack was divided, there must be a fresh cut.</p> + +<p>34. When the player whose duty it is to cut +has once separated the pack he can neither re-shuffle +nor re-cut the cards.</p> + +<p>35. Should the dealer shuffle the cards, after +the pack is cut, the pack must be cut again.</p> + +<p>36. The fifty-two cards shall be dealt face +downward. The deal is not completed until +the last card has been dealt face downward.</p> + +<p>37. <span class="smcap">There is No Misdeal.</span></p> + +<p class="redhead">A NEW DEAL</p> + +<p>38. There must be a new deal—</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>a</i> If the cards be not dealt into four packets, one at a +time, and in regular rotation, beginning at the +dealer's left.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>b</i> If, during a deal, or during the play of a hand, the +pack be proven incorrect or imperfect.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>c</i> If any card be faced in the pack.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>d</i> If any player have dealt to him a greater number of +cards than thirteen.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>e</i> If the dealer deal two cards at once and then deal a +third before correcting the error.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>f</i> If the dealer omit to have the pack cut and the adversaries +call attention to the fact prior to the conclusion +of the deal and before looking at their cards.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>g</i> If the last card do not come in its regular order to +the dealer. +<a name="page_109" id="page_109"></a></p> + +<p>39. There may be a new deal—</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>a</i> If the dealer or his partner expose a card. The +eldest hand may claim a new deal.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>b</i> If either adversary expose a card. The dealer or +his partner may claim a new deal.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>c</i> If, before fifty-one cards are dealt, the dealer should +look at any card. His adversaries have the right to +see it, and the eldest hand may exact a new deal.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>d</i> If, in dealing, one of the last cards be exposed by +the dealer or his partner, and the deal is completed +before there is reasonable time for the eldest hand +to decide as to a new deal. But in all other cases +such penalties must be claimed prior to the completion +of the deal.</p> + +<p>40. The claim for a new deal by reason of a +card exposed during the deal may not be made +by a player who has looked at any of his cards. +If a new deal does not take place, the card exposed +during the deal cannot be called.</p> + +<p>41. Should three players have their right +number of cards, and should the fourth, not +being dummy, have less than thirteen and not +discover such deficiency until he has played any +of his cards, the deal stands good; should he +have played, he is answerable for any revoke +he may have made as if the missing card or +cards had been in his hand. The other pack +may be searched for the missing card or cards.<a name="page_110" id="page_110"></a></p> + +<p>42. If during the play of a deal a pack be +proven incorrect or imperfect, such proof renders +only the current deal void, and does not +affect any prior score. The dealer must deal +again (Law 38, <i>b</i>).</p> + +<p>43. Anyone dealing with the adversaries' +cards must be corrected before the play of the +first card, otherwise the deal stands good. If +anyone deals when it is the turn of an adversary, +such error must be corrected before the +cards are dealt for the following deal.</p> + +<p>44. A player can neither shuffle, cut nor deal +for his partner without the permission of his +adversaries.</p> + +<p class="redhead">DECLARING TRUMPS</p> + +<p>45. The trump is declared. No card is +turned.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>a</i> The dealer may either make the trump or pass the +declaration to his partner.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>b</i> If the declaration be passed to partner, he must +make the trump.</p> + +<p>46. Should the dealer's partner make the +trump without receiving permission from the +dealer, the eldest hand may demand,</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align="left">1st. That the trump shall stand, or</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">2d. That there shall be a new deal.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="page_111" id="page_111"></a></p> + +<p>But if any declaration as to doubling, or not +doubling, shall have been made, or if a new +deal be not claimed, the declaration wrongly +made shall stand. The eldest hand is the +player on the left of the dealer.</p> + +<p>47. Should the dealer's partner pass the declaration +to the dealer it shall be the right of the +eldest hand to claim a new deal or to compel +the offending player to declare the trump; provided, +that no declaration as to doubling has +been made.</p> + +<p>48. If either of the dealer's adversaries make +or pass the declaration, the dealer may, after +looking at his hand, either claim a new deal or +proceed as if no declaration had been made.</p> + +<p>49. A declaration once made cannot be altered.</p> + +<p class="redhead">DOUBLING, RE-DOUBLING, ETC.</p> + +<p>50. The effect of doubling, re-doubling, and +so on, is that the value of each trick above six +is doubled, quadrupled, and so on.</p> + +<p>51. After the trump declaration has been +made by the dealer or his partner, their adversaries +have the right to double. The eldest +hand has the first right. If he does not<a name="page_112" id="page_112"></a> +wish to double, he may ask his partner, "May +I lead?" His partner shall answer, "Yes" or +"I double."</p> + +<p>52. If either of their adversaries elect to +double, the dealer and his partner have the right +to re-double. The player who has declared the +trump shall have the first right. He may say, +"I re-double" or "Satisfied." Should he say +the latter, his partner may re-double.</p> + +<p>53. If the dealer or his partner elect to re-double, +their adversaries shall have the right to +again double. The original doubler has the +first right.</p> + +<p>54. If the right-hand adversary of the dealer +double before his partner has asked "May I +lead?" the declarer of the trump shall have the +right to say whether or not the double shall +stand. If he decide that the double shall stand, +the process of re-doubling may continue as described +in paragraphs 52, 53, 55.</p> + +<p>55. The process of re-doubling may be continued +indefinitely.<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a> The first right to continue +the re-doubling on behalf of a partnership +belongs to that player who has last redoubled.<a name="page_113" id="page_113"></a> +Should he, however, express himself +satisfied, the right to continue the re-doubling +passes to his partner. Should any player re-double +out of turn, the adversary who last +doubled shall decide whether or not such double +shall stand. If it is decided that the re-double +shall stand, the process of re-doubling may continue +as described in this and foregoing laws +(52 and 53). If any double or re-double out of +turn be not accepted there shall be no further +doubling in that hand. Any consultation between +partners as to doubling or re-doubling +will entitle the maker of the trump or the eldest +hand, without consultation, to a new deal.</p> + +<p>56. If the eldest hand lead before the doubling +be completed, his partner may re-double +only with the consent of the adversary who last +doubled; but such lead shall not affect the right +of either adversary to double.</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> In some clubs, doubling ceases whenever the value of the +odd trick exceeds one hundred points; in other clubs the limit is +placed at two hundred points.</p></div> + +<p>57. When the question, "May I lead?" has +been answered in the affirmative or when the +player who has the last right to continue the +doubling, expresses himself satisfied, the play +shall begin.</p> + +<p>58. Should the eldest hand lead without asking +permission, his partner may double, but +only if the maker of the trump consent.<a name="page_114" id="page_114"></a></p> + +<p>59. Should the right-hand adversary of the +dealer ask permission to lead, the eldest hand +does not thereby lose his right to double. +Should the right-hand adversary of the dealer +double before his partner has asked "May I +lead?" the maker of the trump shall have the +right to say whether or not the double shall +stand. If he decide that the double shall stand, +the process of re-doubling may continue as described +in Laws 52, 53, 55.</p> + +<p>60. If the right-hand adversary of the dealer +lead out of turn, the maker of the trump may +call a suit from the eldest hand, who may only +double if the maker of the trump consent.</p> + +<p>A declaration as to doubling or re-doubling +once made cannot be altered.</p> + +<p class="redhead">DUMMY</p> + +<p>61. As soon as the eldest had has led, the +dealer's partner shall place his cards face upward +on the table, and the duty of playing the +cards from that hand shall devolve upon the +dealer, unassisted by his partner.</p> + +<p>62. Before exposing his cards, the dealer's +partner has all the rights of a player, but after +his cards have been shown the dealer's partner<a name="page_115" id="page_115"></a> +takes no part whatever in the play, except that +he has the right—</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>a</i> To ask the dealer whether he has none of the suit +in which he may have renounced.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>b</i> To ask the dealer when called upon to play his highest +or lowest card whether he has conformed to the +penalty.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>c</i> To call the dealer's attention to the fact that a trick +has not been completed.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>d</i> To correct the claim of either adversary to a penalty +to which the latter is not entitled.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>e</i> To call attention to the fact that a trick has been +erroneously taken by either side.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>f</i> To participate in the discussion of any disputed question +of fact which may arise between the dealer +and either adversary.</p> + +<p class="nwdl"><i>g</i> To correct an erroneous score.</p> + +<p>63. Should the dealer's partner call attention +to any other incident of the play, in consequence +of which any penalty might be exacted, the fact +of his so doing precludes the dealer exacting +such penalty.</p> + +<p>64. If the dealer's partner, by touching a +card or otherwise, suggest the play of a card +from dummy, either of the adversaries may, but +without consultation, call upon the dealer to +play or not to play the card suggested.</p> + +<p>65. Dummy is not liable to the penalty for +a revoke; and if he should revoke and the error<a name="page_116" id="page_116"></a> +be not discovered until the trick is turned and +quitted, the trick stands good.</p> + +<p>66. A card from the dealer's hand is not +played until actually quitted; but should the +dealer name or touch a card from the dummy +hand, such card is considered as played, unless +the dealer in touching the card or cards says, +"I arrange," or words to that effect.</p> + +<p class="redhead">CARDS EXPOSED BEFORE PLAY</p> + +<p>67. If, after the deal has been completed and +before the trump declaration has been made, +either the dealer or his partner expose a card +from his hand, the eldest hand may, without +consulting with his partner, claim a new deal.</p> + +<p>68. If, after the deal has been completed and +before a card is led, any player shall expose a +card, his partner shall forfeit any right to +double or re-double which he otherwise would +have been entitled to exercise; and in case of +a card being so exposed by the leader's partner, +the dealer may either call the card or require +the leader not to lead the suit of the exposed +card.<a name="page_117" id="page_117"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">CARDS EXPOSED DURING PLAY</p> + +<p>69. All cards exposed by the dealer's adversaries +are liable to be called, and such cards +must be left face upward on the table.</p> + +<p>70. The following are exposed cards:</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="margin-left:3%;"> +<tr valign="top"><td>1st.</td><td>Two or more cards played at once.</td></tr> + +<tr valign="top"><td>2d.</td><td>Any card dropped with its face upward, or in any +way exposed on or above the table, even though +snatched up so quickly that no one can name it.</td></tr> + +<tr valign="top"><td>3d.</td><td>Every card so held by a player that his partner +can see any portion of its face.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>71. A card dropped on the floor or elsewhere +below the table is not an exposed card.</p> + +<p>72. If two or more cards be played at once, +by either of the dealer's adversaries, the dealer +shall have the right to call which one be pleases +to the current trick, and the other card or cards +shall remain face upward on the table and may +be called at any time.</p> + +<p>73. If, without waiting for his partner to +play, either of the dealer's adversaries should +play on the table the best card or lead one which +is a winning card, as against the dealer and +dummy, or should continue (without waiting +for his partner to play) to lead several such +cards, the dealer may demand that the partner<a name="page_118" id="page_118"></a> +of the player in fault, win, if he can, the first, +or any other of these tricks, and the other cards +thus improperly played are exposed cards.</p> + +<p>74. If either or both of the dealer's adversaries +throw his or their cards on the table face +upward, such cards are exposed and are liable +to be called; but if either adversary retain his +hand he cannot be forced to abandon it. If, +however, the dealer should say, "I have the +rest," or any other words indicating that the +remaining tricks are his, the adversaries of the +dealer are not liable to have any of their cards +called should they expose them, believing the +dealer's claim to be true, should it subsequently +prove false.</p> + +<p>75. If a player who has rendered himself +liable to have the highest or lowest of a suit +called (Laws 82, 91, 92 and 100), fail to play +as directed, or if, when called on to lead one +suit, lead another, having in his hand one or +more cards of the suit demanded (Law 76), or +if called upon to win or lose a trick, fail to do +so when he can (Laws 73, 82 and 100), he is +liable to the penalty for revoke, unless such +play be corrected before the trick is turned and +quitted.<a name="page_119" id="page_119"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">LEADS OUT OF TURN</p> + +<p>76. If either of the dealer's adversaries lead +out of turn, the dealer may call the card erroneously +led, or may call a suit when it is the +turn of either adversary to lead.</p> + +<p>77. If the dealer lead out of turn, either from +his own hand or dummy, he incurs no penalty; +but he may not rectify the error after the second +hand has played.</p> + +<p>78. If any player lead out of turn and the +other three follow him, the trick is complete +and the error cannot be rectified; but if only +the second, or second and third play to the false +lead, their cards may be taken back; there is +no penalty against anyone except the original +offender, who, if he be one of the dealer's adversaries, +may be penalised as provided in Laws +60 and 76.</p> + +<p>79. In no case can a player he compelled to +play a card which would oblige him to revoke.</p> + +<p>80. The call of an exposed card may be repeated +at every trick until such card has been +played.</p> + +<p>81. If a player called on to lead a suit have +none of it, the penalty is paid.<a name="page_120" id="page_120"></a></p> + +<p class="redhead">CARDS PLAYED IN ERROR</p> + +<p>82. Should the third hand not have played +and the fourth play before his partner, the latter +(not being dummy or dealer) may be called +upon to play his highest or lowest card of the +suit played, or to win or lose the trick.</p> + +<p>83. If anyone, not being dummy, omit playing +to a former trick and such error be not corrected +until he has played to the next, the adversaries +may claim a new deal; should they +decide that the deal stands good, the surplus +card at the end of the hand is considered to +have been played to the imperfect trick, but +does not constitute a revoke therein.</p> + +<p>84. If anyone (except dummy) play two +cards to the same trick, or mix a card with a +trick to which it does not belong, and the mistake +be not discovered until the hand is played +out, he is answerable for any consequent revokes +he may have made. If during the play +of the hand the error be detected, the tricks may +be counted face downward, in order to ascertain +whether there be among them a card too many; +should this be the case, the trick which contains +a surplus card may be examined and the card +restored to its original holder, who (not being<a name="page_121" id="page_121"></a> +dummy) shall be liable for any revoke he may +meanwhile have made.</p> + +<p class="redhead">THE REVOKE</p> + +<p>85. A revoke occurs when a player (other +than dummy), holding one or more cards of the +suit led, plays a card of a different suit. The +penalty for a revoke takes precedence of all +other counts.</p> + +<p>86. A revoke is established if the trick in +which it occurs be turned and quitted, <i>i.e.</i>, the +hand removed from the trick after it has been +gathered and placed face downward on the +table; or if either the revoking player or his +partner, whether in his right turn or otherwise, +have led or played to the following trick.</p> + +<p>87. The penalty for a revoke is three tricks +taken from the revoking player and added to +those of the adversaries.</p> + +<p>88. The penalty is applicable only to the +score of the game in which it occurs.</p> + +<p>89. Under no circumstances can the revoking +side score game in that hand. Whatever +their previous score may have been, the side revoking +cannot attain a higher score toward game +than twenty-eight.</p> + +<p>90. A player may ask his partner whether<a name="page_122" id="page_122"></a> +he has not a card of the suit which he has renounced; +should the question be asked before +the trick is turned and quitted, subsequent turning +and quitting does not establish a revoke, and +the error may be corrected unless the question +be answered in the negative or unless the revoking +player or his partner has led or played +to the following trick.</p> + +<p>91. If a player correct his mistake in time +to save a revoke, any player or players who have +followed him may withdraw their cards and +substitute others, and the cards so withdrawn +are not exposed cards. If the player in fault +be one of the dealer's adversaries, the card +played in error is an exposed card, and the +dealer can call it whenever he pleases; or he +may require the offender to play his highest +or lowest card or the suit to the trick in which +he has renounced.</p> + +<p>92. If the player in fault be the dealer, the +eldest hand may require him to play the highest +or lowest card of the suit in which he has +renounced, provided both adversaries of the +dealer have played to the current trick; but this +penalty cannot be exacted against the dealer +when he is fourth in hand, nor can it be enforced +at all from dummy.<a name="page_123" id="page_123"></a></p> + +<p>93. At the end of a hand the claimants of +a revoke may search all the tricks. If the cards +have been mixed the claim may be urged and +proved if possible; but no proof is necessary, +and the revoke is established if, after it has +been claimed, the accused player or his partner +mix the cards before they have been sufficiently +examined by the adversaries.</p> + +<p>94. A revoke must be claimed before the +cards have been cut for the following deal.</p> + +<p>95. Should the players on both sides subject +themselves to the revoke penalty neither can win +the game by that hand.</p> + +<p>96. The revoke penalty may be claimed for +as many revokes as occur during a hand; but +the accumulated penalty shall in no event exceed +thirteen tricks. (See Law 7.)</p> + +<p class="redhead">GENERAL RULES</p> + +<p>97. There should not be any consultation +between partners as to the enforcement of penalties. +If they do so consult, the penalty is +paid.</p> + +<p>98. Once a trick is complete, turned and +quitted it must not be looked at (except under +Law 84), until the end of the hand.<a name="page_124" id="page_124"></a></p> + +<p>99. Any player during the play of a trick +or after the four cards are played and before +they are touched for the purpose of gathering +them together, may demand that the cards be +placed before their respective players.</p> + +<p>100. If either of the dealer's adversaries, +prior to his partner's playing, should call attention +to the trick, either by saying it is his, or, +without being requested so to do, by naming his +card or drawing it toward him, the dealer may +require that opponent's partner to play his +highest or lowest card of the suit led, or to +win or lose the trick.</p> + +<p>101. Either of the dealer's adversaries may +call his partner's attention to the fact that he is +about to lead out of turn, but if he make any +unauthorised reference to any incident of the +play the dealer may call a suit from the adversary +whose turn it is next to lead.</p> + +<p>102. In all cases where a penalty has been +incurred, the offender is bound to give reasonable +time for the decision of his adversaries; +but if a wrong penalty be demanded none can +be enforced.</p> + +<p>103. The partner of the eldest hand may inform +him that their adversaries have incurred +a penalty, but may not give any further information.<a name="page_125" id="page_125"></a> +Should he suggest the penalty, or demand +the enforcement of it, such action shall +be deemed a consultation, and no penalty can +be enforced.</p> + +<p class="redhead">NEW CARDS</p> + +<p>104. Unless a pack be imperfect, no player +shall have the right to call for one new pack. +If fresh cards are demanded, two packs must +be furnished and paid for by the player who +has demanded them. If they are furnished +during a rubber, the adversaries shall have their +choice of new cards. If it is the beginning of +a new rubber, the dealer, whether he or one of +his adversaries be the party calling for the new +cards, shall have the choice. New cards must +be called for before the pack is cut for a new +deal.</p> + +<p>105. A card or cards torn or marked must +be replaced by agreement or new cards furnished.</p> + +<p class="redhead">BYSTANDERS</p> + +<p>106. While a bystander, by agreement among +the players, may decide any question, yet he +must on no account say anything unless appealed +to; and if he make any remark which<a name="page_126" id="page_126"></a> +calls attention to an oversight affecting the +score, or to the exaction of a penalty, he is liable +to be called on by the players to pay the stakes +on that rubber.</p> + +<p class="cb"><big>SPADE CONVENTION</big></p> + +<p>I.—Where players agree "not to play spades" +the rule is, that if the spade make is not doubled, +the hand shall be played where either side +is 20 or over.</p> + +<p>II.—If the third hand player ask, "Shall I +play?" or should he lead out of turn, or should +the eldest hand lead without asking permission +to play, the spade maker may take two on the +score or may call a lead and require the hand +to be played out.</p> + +<p>III.—Should the third hand player double +before his partner asks permission to play, the +spade maker may decide whether the double +shall stand or not; but the hand must be played +out.<a name="page_127" id="page_127"></a></p> + +<p class="cb"><big>ETIQUETTE</big></p> + +<p>It has been truthfully said that there is no +game in which slight intimations can convey +so much information as that of Bridge. In justice +to those who, by their manner, give information, +it may be stated that most of the +apparent unfairness at the Bridge table is unintentional. +Hesitation and mannerisms, however, +cannot be too carefully avoided; such a +breach of etiquette is an offence for which the +adversaries have no redress except perhaps a +refusal to continue the play.</p> + +<p>It is obviously a greater fault to take advantage +of information thus given. A play in +your judgment may be perfectly sound, but you +leave yourself open to criticism if it is in any +way contingent on information obtained from +your partner's manner.</p> + +<p>Cultivate uniformity in your style of play; +let there be no remarkable haste or hesitation +in making or passing; try always to use the +same formula of words, and do not call attention +to the score after the cards have been dealt.</p> + +<p>Remember that any undue hesitancy in regard<a name="page_128" id="page_128"></a> +to doubling will deprive a fair-minded +partner of the privilege of so doing. Such delays +are too frequent at spade declarations.</p> + +<p>Emphasise no play of your own and show no +pleasure or displeasure at any other play.</p> + +<p>Do not ask to have the cards placed unless it +is solely for your own information.</p> + +<p>It is an offence either to revoke purposely or +to make a second revoke in order to conceal the +first.</p> + +<p>The dealer's partner should not call attention +to the score nor to any card or cards that he +or the other players hold, and neither should +he leave his seat for the purpose of watching +his partner's play.</p> + +<p>When there is an unusual distribution of the +cards, no remarks of any kind should be allowed.</p> + +<p>After a hand has been played, it may be discussed +to the common benefit; but the bore who +is continually blowing up his partner to show +his superior knowledge, together with the player +who interrupts the game to discuss the play, +should be ostracised from the card-room. Superiority +of skill is shown by the play of the +cards, not by mannerisms.</p> + +<p>It is often difficult to refrain from showing +<i>pleasure</i> at the accomplishment of a desired purpose,<a name="page_129" id="page_129"></a> +but undue elation is most aggravating to +the adversaries.</p> + +<p>Do not make a dig at the adversaries by confiding +to your partner that your success was due +to an ill-judged play of the opponent.</p> + +<p>It is not good form to complain of poor cards, +as you imply that the adversaries profit by your +weak hands and not by their skill.</p> + +<p>The better players rarely criticise unless +asked to do so; it is usually the inexperienced +player who offers an astonishing amount of +gratuitous and unsought-for advice.</p> + +<p>Do not tell your partner, after seeing all the +cards, what he should have done, but think what +you would have done in your partner's place. +Do not criticise at all, but if you must, criticise +fairly.<a name="page_130" id="page_130"></a></p> + +<p class="cb"><a name="GLOSSARY" id="GLOSSARY"></a><big>GLOSSARY</big></p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Book.</b>—The first six tricks won by the same partners.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>By-cards.</b>—The number of tricks won, more than six, +or over the "book," is the number "by-cards." For +instance, eight tricks are equal to two by-cards.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Card of Re-entry.</b>—A winning card which will bring into +play another suit. Sometimes the re-entry is in the +suit itself, but when a suit with a re-entry is spoken +of it means that the re-entry is in another suit.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Command.</b>—The best card or cards of a suit. The ability +to stop the suit at any time.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Covering.</b>—Putting a higher card on the trick when not +the last player.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Discarding.</b>—When unable to follow suit, throwing away +some card of another suit which is not trumps.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Doubling.</b>—Increasing the value of the trick points.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Doubtful Card.</b>—Cards which may or may not win the +trick. The king is led, and you do not know who +holds the ace; the king is therefore a doubtful card.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Dummy.</b>—The player whose cards are exposed on the +table. The dealer's partner.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Duplicate.</b>—A modification in which each hand is played +more than once, usually in tournaments.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Echo.</b>—Playing a higher card before a lower, when no +attempt is made to win the trick.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Eldest Hand.</b>—The player on the dealer's left.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Established Suit.</b>—A suit in which the partners can win +every trick, no matter who leads it.<a name="page_131" id="page_131"></a></p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Exposed Card.</b>—Any card which is shown, but is not +played to the trick, such as two cards played at once, +one of which is an exposed card.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>False Cards.</b>—Playing the ace, holding the king, or any +similar attempt to conceal the cards held.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Finesse.</b>—Any attempt to win a trick with a card which +is not the best in the hand, nor in sequence with it.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Forcing.</b>—Making a player trump a suit which he does +not want to trump. See Ruffing.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Fourchette.</b>—The cards above and below another card. +A Q are fourchette over the K.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Fourth-best.</b>—Counting from the highest card in the suit.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Going Over.</b>—Doubling the value of the trick points.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Guarded Suits.</b>—A high card so protected by smaller +cards that it cannot be caught by the adversaries +leading higher cards.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Holding Up.</b>—Refusing to play the best card of a suit.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Honours.</b>—In trumps, the A K Q J 10 of the suit. At +no-trump, the four aces.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Leader.</b>—The first player in any trick.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Leading Up To.</b>—Playing a suit with a view to what the +fourth hand holds in it.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Leading Through.</b>—Leading a suit with a view to what +the second hand holds in it.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Little Slam.</b>—Twelve tricks won out of thirteen.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Losing Card.</b>—Any card which cannot possibly take a +trick.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Love-all.</b>—The state of the score before either side has +made a point.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Odd Trick.</b>—The first trick over the book of six.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Original Lead.</b>—The opening of the hand or suit.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Re-entry.</b>—See Card of Re-entry.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Revoke.</b>—Renouncing, while still holding cards of the +suit led.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Rubber.</b>—Two out of three games.<a name="page_132" id="page_132"></a></p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Ruffing.</b>—Trumping a trick willingly. See Forcing.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Slam.</b>—Winning all thirteen tricks.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Tenace.</b>—The best and third best of a suit. A and Q are +tenace.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Third Hand.</b>—The leader's partner.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Unblocking.</b>—Getting rid of any card which might stop +the run of a long suit.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Weakness.</b>—Inability to stop a suit.</p> + +<p class="hangg"><b>Weak Suits.</b>—Those in which tricks are impossible, or +very improbable.<a name="page_133" id="page_133"></a></p> + +<p class="cb"><a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a><big>INDEX</big></p> + +<ul> +<li>Aces, second hand, playing, <a href="#page_023">23</a></li> + +<li>Advantages of discarding strength, <a href="#page_041">41</a></li> + +<li>Avoid leading certain combinations, <a href="#page_027">27</a></li> + +<li>Avoid leading trumps, <a href="#page_057">57</a></li> + +<li>Bad red-suit makes, <a href="#page_022">22</a></li> + +<li>Beating dummy's cards, <a href="#page_043">43</a></li> + +<li>Black suit declarations, <a href="#page_016">16</a></li> + +<li>Bridge, duplicate, <a href="#page_097">97</a></li> + +<li>Bridge for three players, <a href="#page_096">96</a></li> + +<li>Bridge, laws of, <a href="#page_101">101</a></li> + +<li>Bridge, progressive, <a href="#page_098">98</a></li> + +<li>Bystanders, <a href="#page_125">125</a></li> + +<li>Cards played in error, <a href="#page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>Chicane and double chicane, <a href="#page_007">7</a></li> + +<li>Choice of seats and cards, <a href="#page_001">1</a></li> + +<li>Clubs, <a href="#page_016">16</a></li> + +<li>Combining hands of dealer and dummy, <a href="#page_064">64</a></li> + +<li>Commanding card, holding up, <a href="#page_054">54</a></li> + +<li>Conversation of the game, <a href="#page_004">4</a></li> + +<li>Covering honours with honours, <a href="#page_042">42</a></li> + +<li>Cutting, <a href="#page_104">104</a></li> + +<li>Cutting for the right to play, <a href="#page_001">1</a></li> + +<li>Cutting out, <a href="#page_105">105</a></li> + +<li>Dealer's play at no-trump, <a href="#page_053">53</a></li> + +<li>Dealer's play with a declared trump, <a href="#page_045">45</a></li> + +<li>Dealer's play with a trump, <a href="#page_049">49</a></li> + +<li>Dealing, <a href="#page_001">1</a>, <a href="#page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>Declaration, the, <a href="#page_009">9</a></li> + +<li>Declaring trumps, <a href="#page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>Determining value of the rubber, <a href="#page_009">9</a></li> + +<li>Diamond make, rules for, <a href="#page_016">16</a></li> + +<li>Diamonds, <a href="#page_014">14</a></li> + +<li>Different systems of discarding, <a href="#page_039">39</a></li> + +<li>Discard after showing a suit, <a href="#page_038">38</a></li> + +<li>Discard, the reverse, <a href="#page_041">41</a></li> + +<li>Discarding, <a href="#page_038">38</a></li> + +<li>Discarding, hints on, <a href="#page_041">41</a></li> + +<li>Discarding strength always, <a href="#page_038">38</a></li> + +<li>Don't change suits, <a href="#page_048">48</a></li> + +<li>Don'ts for bridge players, <a href="#page_058">58</a></li> + +<li>Doubling no-trumpers, <a href="#page_023">23</a></li> + +<li>Doubling, rules for, <a href="#page_023">23</a></li> + +<li>Doubling spades, <a href="#page_023">23</a></li> + +<li>Doubling trick values, <a href="#page_003">3</a></li> + +<li>Doubling with success, <a href="#page_022">22</a></li> + +<li>Doubtful no-trumpers, <a href="#page_043">43</a></li> + +<li>Dummy, <a href="#page_114">114</a></li> + +<li>Dummy bridge, <a href="#page_064">64</a></li> + +<li>Dummy's hand and duties, <a href="#page_004">4</a></li> + +<li>Dummy holding tenaces, <a href="#page_043">43</a></li> + +<li>Duplicate bridge, <a href="#page_097">97</a></li> + +<li>Echo at no trump, <a href="#page_045">45</a></li> + +<li>Echo, the, <a href="#page_044">44</a></li> + +<li>Echo to show you can ruff, <a href="#page_045">45</a></li> + +<li>Eleven, the rule of, <a href="#page_030">30</a></li> + +<li>Entry, rights of, <a href="#page_106">106</a></li> + +<li>Error, cards played in, <a href="#page_120">120</a></li> + +<li>Estimating value of hands, <a href="#page_022">22</a></li> + +<li>Examples of original leads, <a href="#page_032">32</a></li> + +<li>Examples of original makes, <a href="#page_020">20</a></li> + +<li>Exposing cards before play, <a href="#page_116">116</a></li> + +<li>Exposing cards during play, <a href="#page_117">117</a></li> + +<li>Finessing, <a href="#page_066">66</a></li> + +<li>Finessing by the dealer, <a href="#page_057">57</a></li> + +<li>Finessing on partner's lead, <a href="#page_044">44</a></li> + +<li>First trick, after the, <a href="#page_034">34</a></li> + +<li>Forcing the strong trump hand, <a href="#page_035">35</a></li> + +<li>Forming tables, <a href="#page_104">104</a></li> + +<li>Fourth-best leads, <a href="#page_030">30</a></li> + +<li>Game, points in the, <a href="#page_002">2</a></li> + +<li>General rules of play, <a href="#page_123">123</a></li> + +<li>Giving partner information, <a href="#page_029">29</a></li> + +<li>Glossary, <a href="#page_130">130</a></li> + +<li>Going over, <a href="#page_111">111</a></li> + +<li>Good suits to lead, <a href="#page_029">29</a></li> + +<li>Guarded suits, meaning of, <a href="#page_012">12</a></li> + +<li>Hand, estimating value of, <a href="#page_022">22</a></li> + +<li>Heart contention, <a href="#page_026">26</a></li> + +<li>Hearts, <a href="#page_013">13</a></li> + +<li>Hearts instead of no-trump, <a href="#page_013">13</a></li> + +<li>Hearts led at double no-trump, <a href="#page_026">26</a></li> + +<li>Hearts, rules for make, <a href="#page_014">14</a></li> + +<li>High cards, second hand, <a href="#page_043">43</a></li> + +<li>Hints for discarding, <a href="#page_041">41</a></li> + +<li>Holding a combination, <a href="#page_056">56</a></li> + +<li>Holding up the command, <a href="#page_055">55</a></li> + +<li>Honours are a separate score, <a href="#page_002">2</a></li> + +<li>Honours, value of, <a href="#page_007">7</a></li> + +<li>Honours when there is trump, <a href="#page_007">7</a></li> + +<li>Honours when there is no trump, <a href="#page_007">7</a></li> + +<li>Illustrative hands, <a href="#page_073">73</a></li> + +<li>Importance of good makes, <a href="#page_010">10</a></li> + +<li>Importance of the score, <a href="#page_009">9</a></li> + +<li>Inferences, <a href="#page_062">62</a></li> + +<li>Inferring what dealer holds, <a href="#page_048">48</a></li> + +<li>Judgment in the makes, <a href="#page_010">10</a></li> + +<li>Keeping command of a suit, <a href="#page_073">73</a></li> + +<li>Laws of bridge, <a href="#page_101">101</a></li> + +<li>Lead when partner has doubled, <a href="#page_025">25</a></li> + +<li>Leading aces first, <a href="#page_029">29</a></li> + +<li>Leading from three honours, <a href="#page_029">29</a></li> + +<li>Leading from weakness to strength, <a href="#page_034">34</a>, <a href="#page_056">56</a></li> + +<li>Leading high cards, <a href="#page_027">27</a></li> + +<li>Leading red suits instead of black, <a href="#page_051">51</a></li> + +<li>Leading short suits, <a href="#page_036">36</a></li> + +<li>Leading through strength, <a href="#page_056">56</a></li> + +<li>Leading to partner's suit, <a href="#page_048">48</a></li> + +<li>Leading trumps, <a href="#page_046">46</a></li> + +<li>Leading up to weakness, <a href="#page_031">31</a></li> + +<li>Leading weak suits, <a href="#page_051">51</a></li> + +<li>Leads out of turn, <a href="#page_117">117</a></li> + +<li>Letting the weak hand ruff, <a href="#page_047">47</a></li> + +<li>Longest suit should be played first, <a href="#page_054">54</a></li> + +<li>Makes, examples of original, <a href="#page_020">20</a></li> + +<li>Makes, passed, <a href="#page_019">19</a></li> + +<li>Making the trump, <a href="#page_010">10</a></li> + +<li>Making up the table, <a href="#page_001">1</a></li> + +<li>Mannerisms, <a href="#page_059">59</a></li> + +<li>Memory, <a href="#page_060">60</a></li> + +<li>Method of scoring, <a href="#page_006">6</a></li> + +<li>Misdeals, none in bridge, <a href="#page_002">2</a></li> + +<li>New cards, <a href="#page_125">125</a></li> + +<li>New deal, <a href="#page_108">108</a></li> + +<li>Non-dealer's play against a declared trump, <a href="#page_027">27</a></li> + +<li>Non-dealer's play at no-trump, <a href="#page_047">47</a></li> + +<li>Non-dealer's play, second hand, <a href="#page_042">42</a></li> + +<li>Non-dealer's play, third hand, <a href="#page_043">43</a></li> + +<li>No-trump declaration by dealer, rules for, <a href="#page_012">12</a></li> + +<li>No-trump makes, <a href="#page_010">10</a></li> + +<li>Object of leading through strength, <a href="#page_056">56</a></li> + +<li>Object of the game, <a href="#page_002">2</a></li> + +<li>Opening leads at "no-trump," <a href="#page_050">50</a></li> + +<li>Opening leads, examples of, <a href="#page_032">32</a></li> + +<li>Original lends against a declared trump, <a href="#page_028">28</a></li> + +<li>Original leads in no-trump, <a href="#page_052">52</a></li> + +<li>Original leads with a trump, <a href="#page_028">28</a></li> + +<li>Original makes, examples of, <a href="#page_020">20</a></li> + +<li>Original no-trump makes, <a href="#page_017">17</a></li> + +<li>Partner doubles, suit to lead, <a href="#page_022">22</a></li> + +<li>Partner's suit, leading to, <a href="#page_049">49</a></li> + +<li>Passed makes, <a href="#page_019">19</a></li> + +<li>Placing aces, second hand, <a href="#page_043">43</a></li> + +<li>Placing cards by eleven rule, <a href="#page_030">30</a></li> + +<li>Play of the cards, <a href="#page_004">4</a></li> + +<li>Players, number of, <a href="#page_001">1</a></li> + +<li>Playing your suit, not partner's, <a href="#page_049">49</a></li> + +<li>Points in the game, <a href="#page_002">2</a></li> + +<li>Preventing revokes, <a href="#page_006">6</a></li> + +<li>Probable value of partner's hand, <a href="#page_011">11</a></li> + +<li>Progressive bridge, <a href="#page_098">98</a></li> + +<li>Protection, or guarded suits, <a href="#page_012">12</a></li> + +<li>Protecting suits and honours, <a href="#page_042">42</a></li> + +<li>Rank of cards in cutting, <a href="#page_001">1</a></li> + +<li>Rank of cards in play, <a href="#page_004">4</a></li> + +<li>Redoubling trick values, <a href="#page_003">3</a>, <a href="#page_004">4</a></li> + +<li>Re-entry cards, <a href="#page_077">77</a></li> + +<li>Returning partner's suits, <a href="#page_048">48</a></li> + +<li>Reverse discards, <a href="#page_041">41</a></li> + +<li>Revoke, the, <a href="#page_121">121</a></li> + +<li>Revoke, to prevent a, <a href="#page_006">6</a></li> + +<li>Rights of entry, <a href="#page_106">106</a></li> + +<li>Rubber, the, <a href="#page_101">101</a></li> + +<li>Rubber points added, <a href="#page_002">2</a></li> + +<li>Ruff before leading trumps, <a href="#page_083">83</a></li> + +<li>Rules for discarding, <a href="#page_038">38</a>, <a href="#page_041">41</a></li> + +<li>Rules for doubling, <a href="#page_023">23</a></li> + +<li>Rules for finessing, <a href="#page_059">59</a>, <a href="#page_066">66</a></li> + +<li>Rules for forcing, <a href="#page_035">35</a></li> + +<li>Rules for inferences, <a href="#page_062">62</a></li> + +<li>Rules for leading short suits, <a href="#page_036">36</a></li> + +<li>Rules for leading trumps, <a href="#page_046">46</a></li> + +<li>Rules for no-trump makes, <a href="#page_012">12</a></li> + +<li>Rules for passed makes, <a href="#page_019">19</a></li> + +<li>Ruled for playing to the score, <a href="#page_009">9</a></li> + +<li>Score-sheet, how used, <a href="#page_008">8</a></li> + +<li>Scoring, <a href="#page_006">6</a>, <a href="#page_101">101</a></li> + +<li>Scoring, knowledge of, <a href="#page_009">9</a></li> + +<li>Scoring, method of, <a href="#page_008">8</a></li> + +<li>Second-hand play, dealer and dummy, <a href="#page_065">65</a></li> + +<li>Second-hand plays, <a href="#page_067">67</a></li> + +<li>Seeing dummy's hand, <a href="#page_027">27</a></li> + +<li>Short suits, when to lead, <a href="#page_036">36</a></li> + +<li>Shuffling, <a href="#page_107">107</a></li> + +<li>Shuffling the still pack, <a href="#page_001">1</a></li> + +<li>Slams and their value, <a href="#page_007">7</a></li> + +<li>Spade makes, defensive, <a href="#page_017">17</a></li> + +<li>Spades, <a href="#page_016">16</a></li> + +<li>Specimen score-sheet, <a href="#page_008">8</a></li> + +<li>Suggestions for doubting, <a href="#page_023">23</a></li> + +<li>Suggestions for the non-dealer, <a href="#page_063">63</a></li> + +<li>Table of honour values, <a href="#page_007">7</a></li> + +<li>Table of leads at no-trump, <a href="#page_052">52</a></li> + +<li>Tables, forming, <a href="#page_104">104</a></li> + +<li>Taking the lead, <a href="#page_054">54</a></li> + +<li>Three-handed bridge, <a href="#page_096">96</a></li> + +<li>Trick values, table of, <a href="#page_003">3</a></li> + +<li>Trump, declaring the, <a href="#page_003">3</a></li> + +<li>Trump, the, <a href="#page_102">102</a></li> + +<li>Trumps, avoid leading, <a href="#page_057">57</a></li> + +<li>Trumps, declaring, <a href="#page_110">110</a></li> + +<li>Trumps, how made, <a href="#page_005">5</a></li> + +<li>Trumps, leading, <a href="#page_046">46</a></li> + +<li>Unblocking, <a href="#page_053">53</a></li> + +<li>Value of any hand, <a href="#page_022">22</a></li> + +<li>Value of partner's hand, <a href="#page_011">11</a></li> + +<li>Value of trumps you hold, <a href="#page_023">23</a></li> + +<li>Weak no-trump makes, <a href="#page_021">21</a></li> + +<li>Weakness, leading up to, <a href="#page_031">31</a></li> + +<li>Weak suits at doubled no-trump, <a href="#page_031">31</a></li> + +<li>Weak-suit convention, <a href="#page_025">25</a></li> +</ul> + +<hr class="full" /> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Bridge; its Principles and Rules of Play, by +J.B. Elwell + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BRIDGE *** + +***** This file should be named 38000-h.htm or 38000-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/0/0/38000/ + +Produced by Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This book was +produced from scanned images of public domain material +from the Google Print project.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/38000-h/images/colophon.jpg b/38000-h/images/colophon.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b9b8e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/38000-h/images/colophon.jpg diff --git a/38000-h/images/illust_hands.jpg b/38000-h/images/illust_hands.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..602f318 --- /dev/null +++ b/38000-h/images/illust_hands.jpg |
