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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/37918-h.zip b/37918-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0e9f3c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/37918-h.zip diff --git a/37918-h/37918-h.htm b/37918-h/37918-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa3e2d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/37918-h/37918-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,3969 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html><head><title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Rocky Mountain [COLORADO] +National Park by United States Department of the Interior</title> + +<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="Content-Type"> +<style type="text/css"><!-- +a:focus, a:active { outline:#ffee66 solid 2px; background-color:#ffee66;} +a:focus img, a:active img {outline: #ffee66 solid 2px;} +body {font-size: 1em; text-align: justify; margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5%;} +h1 {font-size: 160%; text-align: center; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 2em;} +h2 {font-size: 140%; text-align: center; margin-top: 4em; margin-bottom: 2em;} +h3 {font-size: 140%; text-align: center; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 1em;} +h4 {font-size: 120%; text-align: center; margin-top: 0em; margin-bottom: 2em;} +h5 {font-size: 100%; text-align: center; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;} +h6 {font-size: 140%; text-align: center; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;} +hr.full {width: 100%;} +hr {width: 50%; text-align: center;} +p {text-indent: 1em;} +p.tn {margin-left: 10%; width: 80%;} +ul {list-style-type: none;} +sup {line-height: 0em;} +table {border-collapse: collapse; table-layout: fixed; width: 90%; +margin-left: 5%; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;} +.add2em {margin-left: 2em;} +.add5em {margin-left: 5em;} +.box {border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; margin: 1em 20% 1em 20%; padding: 1em;} +.col50 {margin-left: 50%;} +.figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} +.figcenter1 {margin: auto; text-align: center; margin-top: 1em;} +.floatright {float: right; clear: right; text-align: center;padding: 5px; margin: 0 0 0 7px;} +.floatleft {float: left; clear: left; text-align: center; padding: 5px; margin: 0 7px 0 0;} +.italic {font-style: italic;} +.left00 {font-size: 90%; margin-top: 0;} +.left05 {margin-left: 05%; font-size: 90%;} +.left10 {margin-left: 10%; font-size: 90%; margin-top: 0;} +.max250px {width: 250px;} +.min3em {text-indent: -3em;} +.normal {font-weight: normal; font-variant: normal; font-style: normal;} +.nospace {margin-top: 2pt; margin-bottom: 2pt;} +.p0 {margin-top: 2pt; margin-bottom: 1em;} +.p0a {margin-top: 2pt; margin-bottom: 0em;} +.p1 {margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;} +.p1a {margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 4em;} +.p1b {margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0em;} +.p2 {margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 0em;} +.p4 {margin-top: 4em; margin-bottom: 1em;} +.p4a {margin-top: 4em; margin-bottom: 4em;} +.p4b {margin-top: 4em; margin-bottom: 2em;} +.pagenum {visibility: hidden; position: absolute; right:0; text-align: right; font-size: 10px; +font-weight: normal; font-variant: normal; font-style: normal; +letter-spacing: normal; color: #C0C0C0; background-color: inherit;} +.ralign {position: absolute; right: 0; top: auto;} +.smaller {font-size: smaller;} +.smcap {font-variant: small-caps; font-size: 90%;} +.td-center {text-align: center;} +.td-right {text-align: right;} +.toc {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} +--> +</style> +</head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Rocky Mountain [Colorado] National Park, by +United States Dept. of the Interior + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Rocky Mountain [Colorado] National Park + +Author: United States Dept. of the Interior + +Release Date: November 4, 2011 [EBook #37918] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Steven Brown and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + +<p class="p2">Transcriber's Notes:</p> +<p class="nospace">Some illustration's captions have been +moved out of the paragraph.</p> +<p class="nospace">Spelling has been made consistent +throughout.</p> +<p class="nospace">Tables on more than one page joined +together.</p> +<p class="p0">Click on illustrations to enlarge</p> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p class="figcenter p1"><a href="images/cover_l.jpg"><img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="Cover page" +style="border: 2px solid ; width: 411px; height: 640px;"></a></p> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<h1 class="p1"><span class="p2">Rocky +Mountain National Park</span> +</h1> +<h4>[COLORADO] +</h4> +<hr style="width: 50%;"> +<h5>United States Department of the Interior</h5> +<h5><i>Harold L. Ickes, Secretary</i></h5> +<h5>NATIONAL PARK SERVICE</h5> +<h5><i>Arno B. Cammerer, Director</i></h5> +<p class="figcenter p1"><img src="images/deptinterior.jpg" alt="Dept of Interior Logo" style="width: 237px; height: 239px;"></p> +<hr style="width: 50%;"> +<h5>UNITED STATES</h5> +<h5>GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE</h5> +<h5>WASHINGTON: 1937</h5> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<h3>DO YOU KNOW YOUR NATIONAL PARKS?</h3> +<p>ACADIA, MAINE.—Combination of mountain and seacoast +scenery.—Established 1919;—24.08 square miles.</p> +<p>BRYCE CANYON, UTAH.—Canyons filled with exquisitely colored +pinnacles.—Established 1928;—55.06 square miles. +</p> +<p>CARLSBAD CAVERNS, N. MEX.—Beautifully decorated +limestone caverns believed largest in the world.—Established +1930;—15.56 square miles. +</p> +<p>CRATER LAKE, OREG.—Astonishingly beautiful lake in +crater of extinct volcano.—Established 1902;—250.52 square miles. +</p> +<p>GENERAL GRANT, CALIF.—Celebrated General Grant Tree and +grove of big trees.—Established 1890;—3.96 square miles. +</p> +<p>GLACIER, MONT.—Unsurpassed alpine scenery; 200 lakes; 60 +glaciers.—Established 1910;—1,533.88 square miles. +</p> +<p>GRAND CANYON, ARIZ.—World's greatest example of +erosion.—Established 1919;—1,009.08 square miles. +</p> +<p>GRAND TETON, WYO.—Most spectacular portion of Teton +Mountains.—Established 1929;—150 square miles. +</p> +<p>GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS, N.C.-TENN.—Massive mountain +uplift covered with magnificent forests.—Established for protection +1930;—617 square miles. +</p> +<p>HAWAII: ISLANDS OF HAWAII AND MAUI.—Volcanic areas of +great interest, including Kilauea, famous for frequent spectacular +outbursts.—Established 1916;—245 square miles. +</p> +<p>HOT SPRINGS, ARK.—Forty-seven hot springs reserved by +the Federal Government in 1832 to prevent exploitation of waters.—Made +national park in 1921;—1.58 square miles. +</p> +<p>LASSEN VOLCANIC, CALIF.—Only recently active volcano in +continental United States.—Established 1916;—163.32 square miles.</p> +<p>MAMMOTH CAVE, KY.—Interesting caverns, including +spectacular onyx cave formation.—Established for protection 1936;—38.34 +square miles.</p> +<p>MESA VERDE, COLO.—Most notable cliff dwellings in United +States.—Established 1906;—80.21 square miles. +</p> +<p>MOUNT McKINLEY, ALASKA.—Highest mountain in North +America.—Established 1917;—3,030.46 square miles. +</p> +<p>MOUNT RAINIER, WASH.—Largest accessible single-peak +glacier system.—Established 1899;—377.78 square miles. +</p> +<p>PLATT, OKLA.—Sulphur and other springs.—Established +1902;—1.33 square miles. +</p> +<p>ROCKY MOUNTAIN, COLO.—Peaks from 11,000 to 14,255 feet +in heart of Rockies.—Established 1915;—405.33 square miles. +</p> +<p>SEQUOIA, CALIF.—General Sherman, largest and possibly +oldest tree in the world; outstanding groves of Sequoia +gigantea.—Established 1890;—604 square miles. +</p> +<p>SHENANDOAH, VA.—Outstanding scenic area in Virginia +section of Blue Ridge.—Established 1935;—275.81 square miles. +</p> +<p>WIND CAVE, S. DAK.—Beautiful cavern of peculiar formations. No +stalactites or stalagmites.—Established 1903;—18.47 square miles.</p> +<p>YELLOWSTONE: WYO.-MONT.-IDAHO.—World's greatest geyser area, +and an outstanding game preserve.—Established 1872; 3,471.51—square +miles. +</p> +<p>YOSEMITE, CALIF.—Valley of world-famous beauty; +spectacular waterfalls; magnificent high Sierra country.—Established +1890;—1,176.16 square miles. +</p> +<p>ZION, UTAH—Beautiful Zion Canyon 1,500 to 2,500 feet +deep. Spectacular coloring.—Established 1919;—148.26 square miles. +</p> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<h3>RULES AND REGULATIONS</h3> +<h5>Briefed +</h5> +<p><span class="smcap">The Park Regulations</span> +are designed for the protection of your property. +You, as prudent owners, will help protect the natural beauties and +scenery by warning the careless and reporting infractions of the +regulations. The following synopsis is for the general guidance of +visitors. Full regulations may be seen at the office of the +superintendent and ranger stations. +</p> +<p><b><i>Fires.</i></b>—Fires may be +lighted only when necessary and +in designated places. Before leaving, know your fire is out. <span class="smcap">Help protect</span> this wonderland so +all may enjoy it. +</p> +<p><b><i>Camps.</i></b>—Automobile +campers must stop in the designated camp grounds. All must be kept +clean and sanitary. Burn your garbage in your +camp fire. Empty cans and residue must be placed in garbage cans. If no +can is provided, bury the refuse. +</p> +<p><b><i>Public property, trees, flowers, and animals.</i></b>—The +destruction, injury, or disturbance of public property, trees, flowers, +rocks, birds, or animals, or other life is prohibited. +</p> +<p><b><i>Fishing.</i></b>—Fishing is +permitted in all lakes and +streams except as closed by order of the superintendent. All fish +hooked less than 7 inches long shall be carefully handled with moist +hands and returned at once to the water. Fifteen fish (not exceeding a +total of 10 pounds) +shall constitute the limit for a day's catch. +</p> +<p><b><i>Automobiles.</i></b>—Obey park +traffic rules. Drive +carefully at all times. The <span class="smcap">Speed +limit</span> +is 20 miles per hour on grades and curves, and +on straight stretches of road 35 miles per hour. All roads are +patrolled. Automobiles will be stopped for checking at park entrances. +Cars carrying passengers for profit are subject to restrictions. +</p> +<p><b><i>Dogs and cats.</i></b>—Must be +kept securely on a +leash while in the park. If you have no leash, keep the animal in your +car. +</p> +<p><b><i>Park rangers.</i></b>—Are for +your protection and guidance. +Do not hesitate to consult them. Accidents, complaints, and suggestions +should +be reported to the superintendent's office immediately. +</p> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<h3>Events <span class="smcap">Of Historical +Importance</span></h3> +<table style="text-align: left; width: 75%;" summary="events" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1820</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Maj. Stephen H. Long, commanding an exploring party sent +out by President Madison in 1819, first sighted Longs Peak. Park area +frequented by Arapaho and Ute Indians.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1843</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: justify;"> +<p>Rufus B. Sage, another explorer, visited the area and +later published earliest known description in "Rocky Mountain Life, or +Startling Scenes and Perilous Adventures in the Far West During an +Expedition of Three Years." +</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1859</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: middle;"> +<p>Joel Estes, the first white settler, entered the park +and in 1860 built the first cabin. +</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1865</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>Charles F. Estes, first white child born in the park.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1868</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>First ascent of Longs Peak. The climb was made by +William N. Byers, Maj. J.W. Powell, and five other men. +</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1868</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>Rocky Mountain Jim, adventurer and frontiersman, settled +in area.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1869</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>Earl of Dunraven, famous English sportsman, first +visited this area.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1871</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>The Hayden Geographical Survey, under Dr. E.V. Hayden, +worked in this region.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1874</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>First stage established between Longmont and Estes Park. +</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1874</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>Albert Bierstadt, famous artist, first visited the +region. +</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1876</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>First wedding in the park: Anna Ferguson and Richard +Hubbell. +</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1878</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>First hotel built by Earl of Dunraven. +</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1881</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>First public school established and held in Elkhorn +Lodge.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1881</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>The Denver, Utah & Pacific Railroad built to +Lyons and +projected to Pacific Ocean through Fall River and Milner Passes by +Milner, chief engineer for the company.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1900</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>Bear Lake fire.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1904</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>Big Thompson Canyon road completed.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1907</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>Automobile stage line established between Estes Park and +Loveland.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1909</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>Automobile stage line established between Estes Park and +Lyons.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1912</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>Fall River road begun. Completed in 1920.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1915</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>Rocky Mountain National Park Act approved January 26.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1927</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>Bear Lake road completed.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1929</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>State of Colorado ceded exclusive jurisdiction to +Federal Government.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1930</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>Never Summer Range area added to the park.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">1932</td> +<td colspan="4" rowspan="1" valign="middle"> +<p>Trail Ridge road opened.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<h3><a name="Contents" id="Contents"></a>Contents +</h3> +<table style="text-align: left; width: 75%;" summary="toc" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style="width: 80%;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"></td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; width: 20%;"> +Page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#a1">Land of Lofty Mountains</a> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">1</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="width: 80%;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> +<a href="#a4">Easy to Study Glacial Action</a></td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">4</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#b4">Longs Peak</a></td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">4</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#a5">Natural Beauties</a></td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">5</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#a7">Fauna and Flora</a></td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">7</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#a11">Automobile Trips</a></td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">11</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#a11">Denver Circle Trip</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">11</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#a14">Bear Lake Road</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">14</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#b14">Loop Trip</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">14</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#c14">Longs Peak and Wild Basin +Trip</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">14</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#d14">Trail Trips</a></td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">14</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#a15">The Flattop Trail</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">15</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#b15">Lawn Lake</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">15</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#c15">Fern and Odessa Lakes</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">15</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#a18">Romantic Loch Vale</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">18</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#a19">Glacier Gorge</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">19</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#b19">The Twin Sisters</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">19</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#c19">Ascent of Longs Peak</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">19</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#a20">Chasm Lake</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">20</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#a21">Wild Basin</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">21</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#b21">Grand Lake</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">21</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#a22">What to Do</a> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">22</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#b22">Fishing</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">22</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#a23">Horseback Riding and Camping</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">23</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#b23">Winter Sports</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">23</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#c23">Administration</a> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">23</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#a24">Naturalist Service</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">24</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#b24">Public Campgrounds</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">24</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#a25">Park Season</a> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">25</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#b25">How to Reach the Park</a> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">25</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#a26">All-Expense Circle Trips</a> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">26</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#b26">Transportation in the Park</a> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">26</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#a27">Accommodations and Expenses</a> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">27</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#b27">Hotels and Lodges on Park +Lands</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">27</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p><a href="#a28">Private Hotels, Cottages, +and Camps</a></p> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">28</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#b28">Distances to Principal Points of +Interest</a> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">28</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#a32">The Park's Mountain Peaks</a> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">32</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#a35">References</a> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">35</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<a href="#a37">Government Publications</a> +</td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;">37</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p class="figcenter p1"><a href="images/illus006_l.jpg"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 480px; height: 604px;" alt="Fern Lake, Flattop, Little Matterhorn" src="images/illus006.jpg"></a></p> +<h5 class="smcap">Fern +Lake, Flattop, Little Matterhorn</h5> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<h1>ROCKY MOUNTAIN</h1> +<h6><i>National Park</i></h6> +<hr style="width: 50%;"> +<h6>OPEN ALL YEAR</h6> +<hr style="width: 50%;"> +<p class="p1"><big><big>R</big></big><span class="smcap">ocky Mountain National Park</span> +includes within its boundaries 405 square +miles, or 259,411 acres, of the Front Range of the Rockies in +north-central Colorado, about 50 miles in a straight line north-west of +Denver. It was established by the act of Congress approved January 26, +1915, and its boundaries adjusted by the acts of Congress approved +February 14, 1917, June 9, 1926, and June 21, 1930. Its eastern gateway +is the beautiful valley village of Estes Park, from which easy and +comfortable access is had up to the noblest heights and into the most +picturesque recesses of the mountains.</p> +<p class="p1">Rocky Mountain National Park is by far the +most accessible of our +national parks; that is, nearest to the large centers of population in +the East and Middle West. +</p> +<h5><a name="a1" id="a1"></a>LAND +OF LOFTY MOUNTAINS +</h5> +<p class="p1">For many years the Front Range +of the Rockies has been the mecca of +the mountain lovers of this country. The name conjures European ideas +of American mountain grandeur. The selection of this particular +section, with its magnificent and diversified scenic range, for +national park +status, met with popular approval.</p> +<p class="p1">It is splendidly representative. +In nobility, in calm dignity, in the +sheer glory of stalwart beauty, there is no mountain group to excel the +company of snow-capped veterans of all the ages which stands at +everlasting parade behind its grim, helmeted captain, Longs Peak.</p> +<p class="p1">There is probably no other +scenic neighborhood of the first order which +combines mountain outlines so bold with a quality of beauty so intimate +and refined. Just to live in the valley in the eloquent and +ever-changing +presence of these carved and tinted peaks is in itself satisfaction. +But to climb into their embrace, to know them in the intimacy of their +bare summits and their flowered glaciated gorges, is to turn a new, +unforgettable page in human experience.</p> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p class="figcenter p1"><a href="images/illus008_l.jpg"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 640px; height: 407px;" alt="Bear Lake, with Massive Longs Peak in the Background" src="images/illus008.jpg"></a></p> +<h5 class="smcap">Bear Lake, with Massive Longs Peak in +the Background</h5> +<h5 class="add5em" style="font-weight: normal;"><i>Shelk +photo.</i></h5> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p>This national park reaches lofty heights. The summer visitors +who live +at the base of the great mountains are 8,000 feet, or more than a mile +and a half, above the level of the sea; while the mountains themselves +rise precipitously nearly a mile, and often even higher. Longs Peak, +the largest of them all, rises 14,255 feet above sea level, and most of +the other mountains in the Snowy Range, as it is sometimes called, are +more than 12,000 feet high; several are nearly as high as Longs Peak. +</p> +<p>The valleys on both sides of this range and those which +penetrate into +its recesses are dotted with parklike glades clothed in a profusion of +glowing wild flowers and watered with streams from the mountain snows +and glaciers. Forests of evergreens and silver-stemmed aspen separate +them.</p> +<p>This range was once a famous hunting ground for large game. +Lord Dunraven, a famous English sportsman, visited it to shoot its +deer, +bear, and bighorn sheep, and acquired large holdings by purchase of +homesteadings and squatters' claims, much of which was reduced in the +contests that followed. +</p> +<p>The range lies, roughly speaking, north and south. The gentler +slope is +on the west. On the east side the descent from the Continental Divide +is precipitous in the extreme. Sheer drops of two or three thousand +feet into rock-bound gorges carpeted with snow patches and wild flowers +are common. Seen from the east-side valleys this range rises in daring +relief, craggy in outline, snow spattered, awe inspiring. +</p> +<p>In the north-east corner lies a spur from the Continental +Divide, the +Mummy Range, a tumbled majestic mountain mass which includes some of +the loftiest peaks and one of the finest glaciers. +</p> +<p>To the south of Longs Peak the country grows even wilder. The +range is +a succession of superb peaks. The southern park boundary unfortunately +cuts arbitrarily through a superlative massing of noble snow-covered +summits. +</p> +<p>The west side, gentler in its slopes and less majestic in its +mountain massings, is a region of loveliness and wildness diversified +by +splendid mountains, innumerable streams and lakes of great charm. Grand +Lake, +which has railroad connections nearby, is one of the largest natural +lakes in Colorado and the deepest lake in this region. +</p> +<p>One of the striking features of Rocky Mountain National Park +is the easy accessibility of these mountain tops. One may mount a horse +after +early breakfast in the valley, ride up Flattop to enjoy one of the +great views of the world, and be back for late luncheon. The hardy foot +traveler may make better time than the horse on these mountain trails. +One may cross the Continental Divide from the hotels of one side to the +hotels of the other between early breakfast and late dinner or motor +between these points via the Trail Ridge Road in 2 hours. +</p> +<p>The Trail Ridge Road, which crosses the Continental Divide, +connects Estes Park on the east side with Grand Lake on the west side. +The road +reaches the unusual elevation of 12,183 feet above sea level. Another +road leads from the village of Estes Park up the Thompson River Valley +to the Bear Lake Entrance. It then follows up the valley of Glacier +Creek and ends at Bear Lake at the foot of Hallett Peak and Flattop +Mountain. +</p> +<h5><a name="a4" id="a4"></a>EASY +TO STUDY GLACIAL ACTION</h5> +<p>One of the remarkable features of Rocky Mountain National Park +is the +legibility of the record left by the glaciers during the ages when +America was in the making. The evidences of glacial action, in all +their variety make themselves apparent to even the most casual eye. +</p> +<p>In fact, there is scarcely any part of the eastern side where +some great +moraine does not force itself upon the attention. One enormous moraine +built up by an ancient glacier and rising with sloping sides nearly a +thousand feet above the valley is so prominent that Moraine Park is +named for it. From Longs Peak on the east side the Mills Moraine makes +a bold curve which instantly draws questions from visitors. +</p> +<p>There are several remnants of these mighty ice masses which +can be seen +at the present time. Three of the largest ice fields, Andrews, Rowe, +and Tyndall Glaciers, are visited by many people each year, while the +smaller glaciers such as Taylor and Spragues have interest and charm. +</p> +<p>In short, this park itself is a primer of glacial geology +whose lessons +are so simple, so plain to the eye, that they immediately disclose the +key to one of nature's scenic secrets. +</p> +<h5><a name="b4" id="b4"></a>LONGS PEAK +</h5> +<p>The greatest of all the mountains in the park, Longs Peak, has +a massive square head. It is a real architectural structure like an +enormous +column of solid rock buttressed up on four sides with long rock ledges. +On the +east side a precipice of 1,200 feet drops sheer from the summit into +the wildest lake that one can possibly imagine. It is called Chasm Lake +and there is only one month in the year when its surface is not at +least partially frozen. Mount Meeker and Mount Lady Washington enclose +it on the south and north, and snow fields edge its waters the year +round. +</p> +<p>In 1820 Maj. S.H. Long first saw the mountain that now bears +his name. +The report of his expedition records that on June 30 of that year his +party caught their first glimpse of the Rocky Mountains, and +particularly noted one peak, which they referred to as "the highest +peak." Long's expedition followed up the valley of the Platte River, +and his closest +approach to the peak was at a distance of about 40 miles. Fremont +found that the name Longs Peak was in general use among the fur hunters +and pioneers in 1842. The first recorded ascent was in 1868, when it +was climbed by W.N. Byers, Maj. J.W. Powell (who the following year +made the first passage of the Grand Canyon), and five other men. +</p> +<h5><a name="a5" id="a5"></a>NATURAL +BEAUTIES +</h5> +<p>A distinguishing feature of Rocky Mountain National Park is +its +profusion of precipice-walled canyons lying between the very feet, so +to speak, +of the loftiest mountains. Their beauty is romantic to a high degree. +Like all the other spectacles of this favored region, they are readily +accessible from the valley villages by trail, either afoot or on +horseback. +</p> +<p>Usually several lakes are found, rock embedded, in such a +gorge. +Ice-cold streams wander from lake to lake, watering wild-flower gardens +of luxuriance and beauty. However, the entire park is a garden of wild +flowers. From early June to late September, even into October, the +gorges and the meadows, the slopes, and even the loftier summits, bloom +with colors that change with the season. Blues, lilacs, and whites are +the earlier prevailing tints; yellow predominates as autumn approaches. +</p> +<p>There are few wilder and lovelier spots, for instance, than +Loch Vale, +3,000 feet sheer below Taylor Peak. Adjoining it lies Glacier Gorge on +the precipitous western slope of Longs Peak and holding in its embrace +a group of lakelets. These, with lesser gorges cradling romantic Bear +Lake, picturesque Dream Lake, beautiful Fern Lake, and exquisite Odessa +Lake, and still others yet unnamed, constitute the Wild Gardens of the +Rocky Mountain National Park, lying in the angle north of Longs Peak; +while in the angle south lies a little known wilderness of lakes and +gorges called Wild Basin. +</p> +<p>At timberline, where the winter temperature and the fierce icy +winds +make it impossible for trees to grow tall, the spruces lie flat on the +ground like vines; presently they give place to low birches, which, in +their turn, give place to small piney growths, and finally to tough, +straggling grass, hardy mosses, and tiny alpine flowers. Grass grows in +sheltered spots even on the highest peaks, which is fortunate for the +large curve-horned mountain sheep which seek these high, open places to +escape their special enemies, the mountain lions. Even at the highest +altitudes gorgeously colored wild flowers grow in glory and profusion +in sheltered gorges. Large and beautiful columbines are found in the +lee of protecting masses of snow banks and glaciers. +</p> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p class="figcenter p1"><a href="images/illus012_l.jpg"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 640px; height: 399px;" alt="A High Country Lodge" src="images/illus012.jpg"></a></p> +<h5 class="smcap">A High Country Lodge</h5> +<h5 class="add5em" style="font-weight: normal;"><i>Grant +photo.</i></h5> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p>Nowhere else is the timberline struggle between the trees and +the winds +more grotesquely exemplified or its scene more easily accessible to +visitors of average climbing ability. The first sight of luxuriant +Engelmann spruces creeping close to the ground instead of rising 150 +feet or more straight and true as masts arouses keenest interest. Many +trees which defy the winter gales grow bent in half circles. Others, +starting straight in the shelter of some large rock, bend at right +angles where they emerge above. Others which have succeeded in lifting +their heads in spite of winds have not succeeded in growing branches in +any direction except in the lee of their trunks, and suggest big +evergreen dust brushes rather than spruces and firs. +</p> +<p>Above timberline the bare mountain masses rise from one to +three +thousand feet, often in sheer precipices. Covered with snow in autumn, +winter, and spring, and plentifully spattered with snow all summer +long, the vast, bare granite masses, from which, in fact, the Rocky +Mountains got their name, are beautiful beyond description. They are +rosy at sunrise and sunset. During fair and sunny days they show all +shades of translucent grays and mauves and blues. In some lights they +are almost fairylike in their delicacy. But on stormy days they are +cold and dark and forbidding, burying their heads in gloomy clouds from +which sometimes they emerge covered with snow. +</p> +<h5><a name="a7" id="a7"></a>FAUNA AND +FLORA +</h5> +<p>The national park is a sanctuary for wildlife. Animals and +birds are +protected from hunting. Living trees may not be cut or injured. Flowers +may not be picked. The cooperation of visitors is requested, in order +that the wildlife of the park may be protected, that the flowers may +continue in their present abundance, and that the forests of the park +may not suffer injury from fire or other cause. +</p> +<h5><span class="smcap">Animals</span> +</h5> +<p>The lofty rocks are the natural home of the celebrated Rocky +Mountain +sheep, or bighorn. This animal is much larger than any domestic sheep. +It is powerful and wonderfully agile. When fleeing from enemies these +sheep, even the lambs, make remarkable descents down seemingly +impossible +slopes. They do not land on their curved horns, as many persons +declare, +but upon their four feet held closely together. Landing on some nearby +ledge, which breaks their fall, they immediately plunge downward again +to +another ledge, and so on till they reach good footing in the valley +below. +They also ascend slopes surprisingly steep. They are more agile even +than +the celebrated chamois of the Swiss Alps, and are larger, more +powerful, +and much handsomer. A flock of a dozen or more mountain sheep making +their way along the volcanic flow which constitutes Specimen Mountain +in +Rocky Mountain National Park is an unforgettable sight. +</p> +<p>The beaver, whose dams and other structures, both old and new, +found +along most streams at middle altitudes, are rarely seen except at night +or very early morning. Elk occur in numerous places, and deer which are +widely distributed are commonly seen. Coyotes and brown or black bear +are occasionally seen, but these, like the mountain lion, bobcat, and +small carnivorous animals, are not only rare, but so wary that they are +seldom seen by visitors. +</p> +<p>Among smaller animals, the most familiar are the marmot or +woodchuck, +Freemont or pine squirrel, three kinds of chipmunks, and the +interesting little cony or pika, which lives among the rocks on high +mountains and is more often heard than seen. In all, over 60 species of +mammals live in the park. +</p> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p class="figcenter p1"><a href="images/illus014_l.jpg"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 640px; height: 371px;" alt="Elk Herd Grazing In Park Meadow" src="images/illus014.jpg"></a></p> +<h5 class="smcap">Elk Herd Grazing In Park Meadow</h5> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<h5><span class="smcap">Birds</span> +</h5> +<p>The commonest species are the western robin, the beautiful +mountain +bluebird, and, at middle elevations, the chickadee and junco. The +hermit +thrush and the solitaire, generally classed among the finest songbirds +in the world, are both fairly common in suitable localities; and but +little inferior to these in musical performance are the purple finch, +ruby-crowned kinglet, western meadowlark, and rock and canyon wrens. +The graceful violet-green swallow is unsurpassed in beauty of form and +color, and the crested jay, magpie, and nutcracker are conspicuous for +their handsome appearance and vigorous flight. Among birds particularly +interesting because of curious and unusual habits are the broadtailed +hummingbird, water ouzel, campbird, nuthatch, nighthawk, and the +ptarmigan, pipit, and rosy finch of the high peaks. +</p> +<p>Although widely distributed through the park, birds are more +numerous +along streams and near open marshes and meadows than in the dense +forests. +About 100 species are found regularly in summer, and nearly 150 have +been recorded during the whole year. +</p> +<h5 class="smcap">Flowers</h5> +<p>This park is especially notable for the presence of +the blue columbine +and many beautiful flowers of the gentian and primrose families; for +the profusion of dwarf alpine plants on the meadows above timberline; +and for the brilliance of certain species found in moist glades of the +subalpine zone. Striking examples of the latter are the tall blue +larkspur and monkshood, of many vivid hues, and the curious little red +elephant. +</p> +<p>Conspicuous and characteristic flowers of the lower altitudes +are the +mariposa lily, iris, wallflower, gaillardia, and numerous species of +cinquefoil, pentstemon, and evening primrose. Among the less common +groups, several delicate species of orchid, pyrola, violet, and anemone +will delight the botanist. Over 700 distinct species of flowering +plants have been collected within the park, and doubtless many more +await discovery and identification by the careful student. +</p> +<h5><span class="smcap">Trees</span> +</h5> +<p>The principal trees are the Engelmann spruce, which forms +extensive +primeval forests in the subalpine region, the lodgepole pine, the +prevailing tree of middle elevation, very common in second growth, and +the ponderosa pine, a large spreading tree, occurring mainly in the +lower valleys and foothills. The limber pine is frequent in high rocky +places, assuming picturesque forms at timberline, and the Douglas fir, +or false hemlock, is widely distributed, while the blue spruce and +alpine fir are confined to moist stream banks. In addition to the +coniferous trees, there are three species of poplar, of which the +commonest is the well-known quaking aspen, growing in scattered groves +throughout the park. +</p> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p class="figcenter p1"><a href="images/illus016_l.jpg"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 640px; height: 400px;" alt="Iceberg Lake From Trail Ridge Road" src="images/illus016.jpg"></a></p> +<h5 class="smcap">Iceberg Lake From Trail Ridge Road</h5> +<h5 class="add5em" style="font-weight: normal;"><i>Clatworthy +photo.</i></h5> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<h5><a name="a11" id="a11"></a>AUTOMOBILE +TRIPS +</h5> +<h5 class="smcap">Denver Circle Trip</h5> +<p>The Trail Ridge Road, which crosses the Continental +Divide in Rocky +Mountain National Park, offers a grand circuit of Colorado's beauties +that forms one of the most attractive and impressive of the scenic +automobile trips of our country. +</p> +<p>The trip starts from Denver, crosses the Continental Divide at +Milner +Pass in Rocky Mountain National Park, reaches Grand Lake, crosses the +Continental Divide again at Berthoud Pass, traverses the Denver +Mountain +Parks, and returns to Denver, having completed without any duplication +240 miles of comfortable travel through magnificent country, full of +interest and variety; the trip can be made in 2 days or it can be +prolonged to suit individual time and inclination. It combines in one +trip half a dozen features, any one of which by itself would be worth +the journey. The Rocky Mountain Parks Transportation Co. operates daily +scheduled trips over this route during the summer season. +</p> +<p>On leaving Denver the road leads out Federal Boulevard, +crosses +Westminster Heights, from which point there is an extensive view of the +Great Plains to the east and a panorama of the Front Range of the Rocky +Mountains to the west, stretching out before the eye from Pikes Peak to +Longs Peak, a rampart of mighty mountains, 125 miles from end to end. +The road then passes through a farming section, where irrigation has +turned what was once an arid plain into a richly productive district. +Fields of deep green alfalfa alternate with the waving wheat, and in +the fall of the year the harvesting and threshing add new life to the +landscape. Next is the town of Lafayette, where coal mining is the +principal industry, and then the road traverses a sugar-beet country. +Colorado is the sugar bowl of the United States, and here is one of the +regions where the beets are most successfully grown. At Longmont and +Loveland are large factories, where sugar is extracted from the beets +and refined for table use. At Loveland the road turns westward and soon +plunges into the precipitous canyon of the Thompson River, where it +follows the turns of the dashing stream, walled in by towering cliffs. +Then comes the village of Estes Park at the edge of Rocky Mountain +National Park and half surrounded by it. From the green of the +meadowland the eye follows the slope, up, up, up, over timbered hills +and rocky cliffs, past timberline to the crest of the Continental +Divide where snow lingers, and to Longs Peak. +</p> +<p>Continuing the journey, two routes lie open to the motorist. +One of +these follows up the valley of Fall River, 2 miles beyond the Fall +River +gateway, and then turns left over a portion of the Highdrive to the +beginning of the new Trail Ridge Road. +</p> +<p>The other road leads past the Government museum and +information +office to Moraine Park and Deer Ridge, with a magnificent view of Longs +Peak and the Continental Divide. +</p> +<p>The Trail Ridge Road is the highest continuous automobile road +in +America. Its 4-mile section over 12,000 feet in altitude is probably +the +longest stretch of road ever built at such a height. The trip to Grand +Lake on this road is a never-to-be-forgotten experience. The road +climbs to the very crest of the range and then follows the ridge. +Valleys and parks lie thousands of feet below, rivers look like tiny +silver threads, and automobiles on the highways of the floor of the +valley resemble minute moving dots. +</p> +<p>To the south an unexcelled view of the most rugged portion of +the Front +Range is spread out, while to the north, across Fall River Valley, the +view is dominated by the majestic Mummy Range, and the course of the +old Fall River Road may be traced as it zigzags up the slope of Mount +Chapin +toward Fall River Pass. Over a 350-foot cliff one may look into +fascinating Iceberg Lake, a rock-bound crystal pool on which float +blocks of ice. +</p> +<p>A short distance beyond Iceberg Lake the highest point on the +road is +reached, 12,183 feet above sea level; the road descending to Fall River +Pass, elevation 11,797 feet, which divides the waters of the Thompson +River from those of the Cache la Poudre. The view from this point is +unsurpassed. Below lie streams, valleys, forested slopes, and the +realms of civilization. All around are mountains and peaks, no longer +towering above but close at hand or seen across some mighty valley. One +can easily trace the work done by the glaciers during the ice age on +these mountain ranges; the broad U-shaped valleys and precipitous +amphitheaters or cirques at the head of the streams are the typical +glacial signs, written in bold letters on the landscape. To the south +is Trail Ridge. Iceberg Lake, walled in by cliffs, is only a mile +distant, though not in sight. To the west is Specimen Mountain, +interesting because of the variety of color in its volcanic rocks, +geodes lined with crystalline material, volcanic glass, and other +curious formations. It is also the home of the mountain sheep. +</p> +<p>Farther to the west lies the Medicine Bow Range, or, as the +Indians so +picturesquely named it, the "Never Summer" range. Of its many peaks +the most prominent are Bowen, Nimbus, Red, Cumulus, Howard, Lead, +and, highest of all in this range, Mount Richthofen, 12,953 feet in +elevation. Strange as it may seem, Milner Pass lies below, and one +descends in order to cross the Continental Divide. The road drops down +into the forest zone, passes Poudre Lakes, and crosses Milner Pass at +an elevation of 10,759 feet. The Atlantic slope lies behind and, +crossing the backbone of the continent, one travels down the Pacific +slope to the headwaters of the Colorado River. The valley of the North +Fork is hemmed in by mountains. The Continental Divide makes a loop +here and blocks progress to the west, north, and east. The valley opens +to the south, however, and the road proceeds down the north fork of the +Colorado River. +</p> +<p>Grand Lake, the sapphire gem on the western edge of the +national park, +is one of the largest and most beautifully situated lakes in the State. +It is a mile and a half in length and nearly a mile in width. Its +clear, cold water is of great depth. The lake lies at an elevation of +8,369 feet and claims the highest yacht club in the world. The annual +regatta is an event of much interest. At the head of the lake Mount +Craig rises to a height of 12,005 feet, while Shadow Mountain, Bryant, +Wescott, and Mount +Enentah are nearby. +</p> +<p>This is a point of concentration for park visitors where +nearly +everybody +spends at least one night. Fishing, boating, horseback riding, and +mountain climbing are some of the outdoor attractions. +</p> +<p>Leaving the lake, the road follows down the Colorado River, +passes the +town of Granby, and commences the climb up a beautifully timbered +valley to Berthoud Pass. Here, close to timberline, the watershed +between +the two oceans is again crossed. The road approaches near Georgetown, +famed for its railroad loop, and then passes through Idaho Springs, +with +its hot springs and medicinal baths. Soon the valley of Clear Creek is +left behind and the climb to Bergen Park is made where the Denver +Mountain Parks are entered. In this region is Lookout Mountain, where +Colonel Cody, "Buffalo Bill", is buried, overlooking the plains he knew +so well. +</p> +<p>From Wildcat Point there is a splendid view of foothills and +plains, +with +Denver some 12 or 14 miles away. +</p> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="a14" id="a14"></a>Bear +Lake Road +</h5> +<p>The Bear Lake Road passes the Glacier Basin public campground, +7 miles +from Estes Park, and then follows up the valley of Glacier Creek, +passing near Sprague's Lodge, and ends at Bear Lake, 12 miles from +Estes Park. This is one of the best roads within the park boundaries. +Bear Lake Lodge, on the eastern shore of the lake, offers good +accommodations. The trail to Loch Vale starts from the Bear Lake Road, +about 10 miles from Estes Park. From this trail or from Bear Lake the +hiker can reach some beautiful and scenic country, including Glacier +Gorge, Loch Vale, Dream Lake, and Tyndall Gorge. The trail to Fern Lake +and the Flattop Trail to Grand Lake may be conveniently reached from +Bear Lake. North Longs Peak Trail also leaves the road at this point. +</p> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="b14" id="b14"></a>Loop +Trip</h5> +<p>One may combine portions of several roads by taking what is +known as +the loop trip. Starting from Estes Park, the route follows the Fall +River +Road up to Chasm Falls and back to Horseshoe Park, then over Deer Ridge +to Beaver and Moraine Parks, then a side trip up the Bear Lake Road and +back, returning to Estes Park by the Moraine Park Road. This loop trip +takes one by many of the hotels and other points of interest and offers +scenic views. The circuit of the Highdrive is 17 miles. Including the +trip to Bear Lake and other points, the distance is about 40 miles. +</p> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="c14" id="c14"></a>Longs +Peak +And Wild Basin Trip</h5> +<p>The main road to the Longs Peak district comes in just east of +the +village of Estes Park, skirting the east boundary of the park to its +south-east corner. It passes between Longs Peak and the Twin Sisters, a +detached area of the park on which a fire lookout is stationed, and +several of the finest foot trips in the park are accessible from this +road. +</p> +<p>Continuing in a southerly direction, the road skirts the +eastern +boundary of the park and leads to Copeland Lodge on North St. Vrain +Creek. From this point a trail leads into Wild Basin, a very attractive +though less frequented portion of the park.</p> +<p>The road continues to Allens Park, thence to Ward, Nederland, +and +Boulder; another road leads down the South St. Vrain to Lyons. +</p> +<h5><a name="d14" id="d14"></a>TRAIL TRIPS</h5> +<p>Travelers on trails are advised to secure the services of +licensed +guides +for all except the shortest trips. Besides insuring security, the guide +adds greatly to one's comfort and enjoyment. He knows the country and +its +features of interest, and also has a general knowledge of the trees and +wild flowers. Information as to guides can be secured at the park +information office.</p> +<h5><span class="smcap"><a name="a15" id="a15"></a>The +Flattop Trail</span></h5> +<p>The Flattop Trail crosses the Continental Divide between Estes +Park +Village on the east and Grand Lake Village on the west. The 16-mile +trip may be made on horseback or on foot in 1 day, but it takes a +seasoned trail traveler to do it with pleasure. The trail starts at +Bear Lake, where horses may be rented, and climbs Bierstadt Moraine. It +emerges above timberline, overlooking Emerald Lake and Tyndall Glacier, +and commands spectacular views of Longs Peak and other mountains, both +in the park and in distant ranges. The grassy slopes above timberline, +bedecked with exquisite alpine flowers, afford good summer grazing for +elk and mountain sheep. +</p> +<p>After descending to timberline on the western slope, the trail +leads +through evergreen forests, along the North Inlet to Grand Lake.</p> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="b15" id="b15"></a>Lawn +Lake</h5> +<p>The glories of the Mummy Range, exemplified chiefly in Lawn +Lake and +Rowe Glacier, may be seen from a trail starting from Horseshoe Park by +way of Roaring River. There is a shelter on beautiful Lawn Lake. This +lake, which has an area of 65 acres, lies at the bottom of the main +cirque at the head of Roaring River. It is one of the many glacial +lakes of the park, and lies just below timberline at an altitude of +10,950 feet. +</p> +<p>The trip from Lawn Lake to Rowe Glacier is difficult but well +worth +while. The glacier is the largest in the park. It is a great crescent +of ice partly surrounding a small lake. While the glacier is extremely +impressive, still it is small enough to permit a thorough examination +without undue fatigue. Hagues Peak is a resort of Rocky Mountain sheep +and ptarmigan. +</p> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="c15" id="c15"></a>Fern +And Odessa Lakes</h5> +<p>The group of luxuriant canyons east of the Continental Divide +and north +of the eastern spur which ends in Longs Peak is known as the "Wild +Gardens" in distinction from the corresponding and scarcely less +magnificent hollow south of Longs Peak, which is known as "Wild Basin." +</p> +<p>Of these canyons, one, the most gorgeous, frames two lakes of +exquisite +beauty. The upper one, Odessa Lake, lies under the Continental Divide +and reflects snowy monsters in its still waters. The other, Fern Lake, +a +mile below, is one of the loveliest examples of forest-bordered waters +in +the Rockies. +</p> +<p>These lakes are reached by trail from Moraine Park. They +constitute a +day's trip of memorable charm. Fern Lodge, located at the edge of the +lake, offers comfortable accommodations. Several splendid trips can be +taken on foot with Fern Lake as a starting point. Winter sports are +held +here every year. Forest Inn, a camp located at the Pool, is close to +the +Fern Lake trail. +</p> +<p>A trail connects Bear Lake with Odessa Lake. One of the finest +trail +trips in the park is the circle trip from Bear Lake to Odessa Lake, and +thence to Fern Lake and Moraine Park. The distance from Bear Lake to +the Brinwood by this route is 9 miles, but a day is usually allowed for +the trip. +</p> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p class="figcenter p1"><a href="images/illus022_l.jpg"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 640px; height: 474px;" alt="Map of Rocky Mountain National Park" src="images/illus022.jpg"></a></p> +<h5 class="smcap">Map of Rocky Mountain National Park</h5> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p class="figcenter p1"><a href="images/illus023_l.jpg"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 640px; height: 444px;" alt="Hallet Peak, Tyndall Glacier, And Flattop Mountain, Across Bear Lake" src="images/illus023.jpg"></a></p> +<h5 class="smcap">Hallet Peak, Tyndall Glacier, And +Flattop Mountain, Across Bear Lake</h5> +<h5 class="add5em" style="font-weight: normal;"><i>Shelk +photo.</i></h5> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="a18" id="a18"></a>Romantic +Loch Vale</h5> +<p>Within a right-angled bend of the Continental Divide lies a +glacier-watered, cliff-cradled valley which for sheer rocky wildness +and the glory of its flowers has few equals. At its head Taylor Peak +lifts itself precipitously 3,000 feet to a total height of more than +13,000 feet, and from its western foot rises Otis Peak, of nearly equal +loftiness, the two carrying between them broken perpendicular walls +carved by the ages into fantastic shapes. One dent encloses Andrews +Glacier and lets its waters find the Loch. On the eastern side another +giant, Thatchtop, sheltering the Taylor Glacier, walls in the upper end +of Loch Vale. It is easily reached by a trail that leaves the Bear Lake +Road, 10 miles from Estes Park, or 1 mile below Bear Lake. +</p> +<p>In this wild embrace lies a valley 2 or 3 miles long ascending +from the +richest of forests to the barren glacier. Through it tinkles Icy Brook, +stringing like jewels, three small lakes. Those who love to explore the +undeveloped and less frequented regions will enjoy the wild beauty and +impressive grandeur of Loch Vale. The Lake of Glass and Sky Pond, just +below Taylor Glacier, can be visited in a day's trip. Another wonderful +day can be spent in a trip to the foot of Andrews Glacier. +</p> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="a19" id="a19"></a>Glacier +Gorge</h5> +<p>One of the noblest gorges in any mountain range the world over +lies +south of Loch Vale. It is reached from the Bear Lake Road, by the Loch +Vale trail, although there are no trails in the gorge. Above Lake Mills +the western wall of the gorge is formed by McHenrys Peak and Thatchtop; +its head lies in the hollow between the Continental Divide and Longs +Peak, +with Chiefs Head and Pagoda looming on its horizon. Its eastern wall is +the long sharp northern buttress of Longs Peak itself. It is a gorge of +indescribable wildness. Lake Mills lies near the mouth of the valley, +Black Lake is toward the upper end, while Shelf Lake, Blue Lake, and +several others are perched on benches high above the valley floor. +</p> +<p>This gorge is magnificent and worth visiting. There is no +trail to +Keyhole, on the great shoulder of Longs Peak, but the ascent can be +made. The canyon is luxuriantly covered in places with a large variety +of wild flowers. +</p> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="b19" id="b19"></a>The +Twin Sisters</h5> +<p>Nine miles south of the village of Estes Park, split by the +boundary +line of the national park, rises the precipitous, picturesque, and very +craggy mountain called the "Twin Sisters", on which the park maintains +a fire lookout. Its elevation is 2,400 feet above the valley floor, +which is about 9,000 feet high. The trail leads by many zigzags to a +peak from which appears the finest view by far of Longs Peak and its +guardians, Mount Meeker and Mount Lady Washington. +</p> +<p>From the summit of the Twin Sisters an impressive view is also +had of +the +foothills east of the park, with glimpses beyond of the great plains of +eastern Colorado and many of their irrigating reservoirs. +</p> +<h5><span class="smcap"><a name="c19" id="c19"></a>Ascent +Of Longs Peak</span> +</h5> +<p>Of the many fascinating and delightful mountain climbs, the +ascent of +Longs Peak is the most inspiring, and it is one of the most strenuous. +The great altitude of the mountain, 14,255 feet above sea level and +more than 5,000 feet above the valley floor, and its position well east +of the Continental Divide, affording a magnificent view back upon the +range, make it much the most spectacular viewpoint in the park. The +difficulty of the ascent also has its attractiveness. Longs Peak is the +big climb of the Rocky Mountain National Park. And yet the ascent is by +no means forbidding. One may go more than half-way by horseback. Over a +thousand men and women, and occasionally children, climb the peak each +season. Those making the Longs Peak trip should have strong, +comfortable shoes, stout warm clothing, and remember that cold or +stormy weather is sometimes encountered. +</p> +<p>The peak may be reached by either of two trails which lead to +the +Boulder +Field, the highest point on the climb to which horses may be taken. The +east trail, which begins near Longs Peak post office, 9 miles south of +Estes Park, winds up the slope of Battle Mountain, passes timberline at +an +elevation of more than 11,000 feet, swings to the crest of Mills +Moraine, +overlooking Chasm Gorge, then skirts the slope of Mount Lady +Washington, +goes through Granite Pass, and leads to the shelter cabin in the center +of +the Boulder Field, at an elevation of 12,700 feet, a distance of 6 +miles. +</p> +From Glacier Gorge Junction on the Bear Lake Road, the north trail +winds its way up the north slope of the peak through the great burn of +1900 +and joins the east trail at Granite Pass, a mile and a half below the +Boulder Field cabin. The distance to the Boulder Field by this trail is +9 miles. +<p>From the Boulder Field cabin the ascent to the summit may be +made by +either of two routes. The north face route, which is the shorter, +climbs the precipitous north side of the summit, skirting along the rim +of the east precipice, with magnificent views down the sheer drop of +1,200 feet into Chasm Lake in the gorge below. The Longs Peak climb +includes the +hazards usual to any major mountain ascent. Visitors are cautioned that +use of the assisting cables on the North Face route is at their risk +and the Government is in no way responsible. The other route leads +across the +Boulder Field to the Keyhole, half a mile distant and some 500 feet +higher, where there is a small storm shelter. +</p> +<p>On passing through the Keyhole, one sees the imposing Front +Range, +and 2,000 feet below the Glacier Gorge. To the left there is a narrow, +steeply inclined ice-filled gulch, called the Trough. Finally, after +what is to the amateur often an exhausting climb, one passes along the +Narrows, +up a steep incline known as the Homestretch. +</p> +<p>The trip to the Keyhole is well worth while for those who do +not care +to +climb Longs Peak, but who do wish to see at close range the rugged +grandeur of the mountains. Another splendid foot trip from the Boulder +Field cabin is to Chasm View, half a mile distant, where one sees the +precipitous east face of Longs Peak, from the summit down to Chasm +Lake, +2,500 feet below. +</p> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="a20" id="a20"></a>Chasm +Lake</h5> +<p>One may ride on horseback almost to Chasm Lake. The view from +here +is magnificent, and the upper gorge is one of the most impressive in +the +park. Both Chasm Lake and the Keyhole may be visited in a day. This is +an exceptionally fine trip, and if horses are used it is not difficult. +</p> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="a21" id="a21"></a>Wild +Basin</h5> +<p>The splendid Wild Basin area south of Longs Peak and east of +the +Continental Divide is dotted with lakes of superb beauty in a sublime +mountain setting. It is entered from Copeland Lake by an unimproved +road up the North Fork of St. Vrain Creek, which soon lapses into a +trail. +From mountain tops on the south may be had unsurpassed views of the +snowy mountains. The largest lakes of Wild Basin—Thunder +Lake and +Bluebird Lake—are both above timberline but are easily +accessible by +trails. +</p> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="b21" id="b21"></a>Grand +Lake +</h5> +<p>The North and East Inlets are the two principal rivers +entering +beautiful +Grand Lake. Each flows from cirques under the Continental Divide. +Lake Nokoni and Lake Nanita, among the most romantic of the park, are +reached from a trail connecting with both sides of the park by the +Flattop +Trail. Lake Verna and her unnamed sisters are the beautiful sources of +the +East Inlet and are reached by trail.</p> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p class="figcenter p1"><a href="images/illus026_l.jpg"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 606px; height: 480px;" alt="Grand Lake On The Western Edge Of The Park" src="images/illus026.jpg"></a></p> +<h5 class="smcap">Grand Lake On The Western Edge Of The +Park</h5> +<h5 class="add5em" style="font-weight: normal;"><i>Grace +photo.</i></h5> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p>While not yet as celebrated as the showier and more populated +east +side, +the west side of Rocky Mountain National Park has rugged charm. The +Continental Divide, bent from the north and called the "Never Summer +Mountains", rises from the western shore of the Colorado River. On +every side the mountains lift bald peaks, magnificent canyons penetrate +the precipices of the Divide, and beautiful streams rush down the +mountain slopes to the river. +</p> +<h5><a name="a22" id="a22"></a>WHAT TO DO</h5> +<p>There are few places which offer as many diversions as Rocky +Mountain +National Park. The Estes Park Golf and Country Club has an excellent +18-hole golf course and a tennis court. Several hotels have croquet and +tennis courts. There is much motoring, horseback riding, fishing, and +hiking. The motorist may skirt the loftiest of snow-splashed mountains +for +miles, or he may motor up the Trail Ridge Road and leave his car to +start +afoot on mountain-top tramps and picnics, or across the Continental +Divide to Grand Lake. The horseback rider may find an infinite variety +of valley roads, trails, and cross-country courses, and the hiker +strike up the mountain trails into the rocky fastnesses. +</p> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p class="figcenter p1"><a href="images/illus027_l.jpg"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 640px; height: 330px;" alt="A Typical Park Scene" src="images/illus027.jpg"></a></p> +<h5 class="smcap">A Typical Park Scene</h5> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="b22" id="b22"></a>Fishing</h5> +<p>Fishing is permitted in all streams and lakes of the park +except as +closed by order of the superintendent. Information regarding closed +areas may be obtained at any ranger station. All of the lower streams +and lakes, and many of the lakes in the higher altitudes, are well +stocked with trout. The State of Colorado stocks the park waters, and, +therefore, a Colorado State license is required for males over 16 years +of age. These may be purchased in the villages of Grand Lake and Estes +Park. Fishing tackle can be purchased or rented from several stores in +the village of Estes Park.</p> +<p>A fish hatchery, operated by the State of Colorado, +is located on the +Fall +River Road, 4 miles west of Estes Park. This hatchery supplies about +1,000,000 trout fry every year to the streams and lakes of this +vicinity. +The process of hatching and caring for the trout is explained to +visitors, +and the hatchery has proved to be of interest to many thousands each +year. +</p> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="a23" id="a23"></a>Horseback +Riding And Camping</h5> +<p>At Estes Park and the smaller settlements nearby, and at Grand +Lake, +horses and complete camping outfits may be had at reasonable rates. +General groceries and suitable equipment, including clothing and shoes, +can be purchased from the general stores in Estes Park Village. Saddle +horses may be rented at many of the hotels. There is much horseback +riding throughout the entire district. +</p> +<p>There are many competent guides in the vicinity who will +arrange +special +trips, either on foot or by saddle horse, and either stopping at hotels +or camping out, according to the preference of the party. A list of +authorized guides can be secured at the park information office. +</p> +<h5><span class="smcap"><a name="b23" id="b23"></a>Winter +Sports</span> +</h5> +<p>Rocky Mountain National Park has unusual advantages for winter +sports, +interest in which is steadily increasing. The town of Estes Park is +readily accessible by automobile, and hotel accommodations are +available there every month in the year. The Rocky Mountain National +Park Ski Club +has constructed ski courses near Estes Park where tournaments are held +periodically. Cross-country trips may be taken in the high mountainous +country where the snowfall is heavy and where good skiing conditions +prevail during the winter and early spring. Allens Park and Grand Lake +also have ski clubs and ski courses. Skijoring, snowshoeing, +tobogganing, and skating may also be enjoyed. +</p> +<h5><a name="c23" id="c23"></a>ADMINISTRATION +</h5> +<p>Rocky Mountain National Park is under the control and +supervision of +the Director of the National Park Service, who is represented in the +administration of the park by a superintendent, assisted by a number of +park rangers who patrol the reservation. Thomas J. Allen, Jr., is +superintendent of the park, and his post office address is Estes Park, +Colo. +</p> +<p>Exclusive jurisdiction over the park was ceded to the United +States by +act of the Colorado Legislature of February 19, 1929, and accepted by +Congress by act approved March 2, 1929. The United States commissioner +for the park may be reached through the superintendent's office. +</p> +<p>An information bureau is maintained at the national park +museum +building in Estes Park to supply visitors with desired information +regarding +accommodations, transportation schedules, foot trips, guides, and other +information relative to the park. +</p> +<p>The post office for the park and many hotels and resorts on +the east +side +is Estes Park, Colo. There are post offices at Longs Peak and Allens +Park, +but letters addressed to Estes Park will be forwarded. The west-side +post +office is at Grand Lake, Colo. +</p> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="a24" id="a24"></a>Naturalist +Service</h5> +<p>Illustrated lectures are given at various points throughout +the park +and +vicinity each evening. Nature hikes, from a few hours to a day in +length, +are conducted regularly. +</p> +<p>A museum of natural history containing interesting exhibits is +located +near the office. An information office is maintained in the same +building, which dispenses road and general information. A small branch +museum is +located at Fall River Pass. A museum of Indian and historical material +is located on the main highway in Moraine Park. +</p> +<p>A complete schedule of the week's activities is posted at all +hotels, +lodges, and campgrounds. For detailed information inquire at the +museum. +There is no charge for any of the above-mentioned activities. +</p> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="b24" id="b24"></a>Public +Campgrounds</h5> +<p>The National Park Service maintains six free public +campgrounds, as +follows: +</p> +<p>Squeaky Bob Campground, located on the Trail Ridge Road, 38 +miles +west of Estes Park, and 12 miles north of Grand Lake. +</p> +<p>Glacier Basin Campground, located on the Bear Lake Road, 7 +miles +from Estes Park. +</p> +<p>Aspenglen Campground, located on the Fall River Road, 5 miles +from +Estes Park. +</p> +<p>Wild Basin Campground, 15 miles south of Estes Park on the +North St. +Vrain Creek at the park boundary. +</p> +<p>Endovalley Campground, located on the Fall River Road, 9 miles +from +Estes Park. +</p> +<p>Longs Peak Campground, located at the beginning of the east +Longs +Peak Trail near Longs Peak post office. +</p> +<p>Motorists and others who bring camping equipment with them +will find +that these campgrounds are attractive places in which to enjoy life in +the open. Both wood and water are readily available. +</p> +<h5><a name="a25" id="a25"></a>PARK SEASON</h5> +<p>From June 15 to September 20 the hotels are open, daily +transportation +service through the park is available, and the park may be explored +most +conveniently and thoroughly. The roads to Estes Park, by way of Lyons +and the Thompson Canyon, remain open throughout the year and the +village +has daily transportation and mail service. Some of the hotels in Estes +Park are open all the year. The national park is never closed to +visitors +and every season offers its particular attractions. The autumn coloring +is remarkably beautiful. The aspens start to turn early in September, +and +from that time until the middle of October the hillsides are streaming +in +golden color. In the winter those who enjoy snowshoeing, skiing, and +other sports will find the park excellently adapted to these +invigorating +pleasures. Those portions of the park having an elevation of 9,000 feet +or +more are covered with a thick blanket of snow during most of the winter +months. In the spring one may watch the snow line climb steadily up the +slope of the mountains. Birds and early flowers appear in the valleys +while +winter still reigns on the higher mountains. +</p> +<p>The Trail Ridge Road remains open to travel until the first +heavy +snowfall. +This usually occurs in October, and the road is not passable again +before June 15. Other lower roads have a longer season, and even in +mid-winter one may usually go by automobile for 5 or 6 miles beyond +Estes +Park Village before finding the roads closed by snow. +</p> +<h5><a name="b25" id="b25"></a>HOW TO +REACH THE PARK +</h5> +<p>Denver, the gateway to the western national parks, is reached +by the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe; Chicago, Burlington & +Quincy; Rock Island & Pacific; Colorado & Southern; Denver & Rio +Grande Western; Denver & Salt Lake; Union Pacific; and Missouri Pacific railroads. For +information regarding fares, service, etc., apply to railroad ticket +agents. +</p> +<p>The Rocky Mountain Parks Transportation Co. operates regular +daily +automobile service to the park from the following places: Denver, +leaving at 8:45 a.m. and 2:30 p.m.; Greeley, 9:15 a.m.; Fort +Collins, 7:45 a.m.; Loveland, 9:50 a.m.; Longmont, +9:45 a.m.; Lyons, +11:30 a.m.; Boulder, 9:35 a.m. Corresponding return +service from +Estes Park is available, return trips for Denver starting from Estes +Park at 8:15 a.m. and 1:45 p.m. +</p> +<p>From June 15 to September 20 automobile connection is made at +Granby, +Colo., for a tour of the park by way of Grand Lake and Estes Park to +Denver, leaving Granby at 12 noon daily. Auto service is available +also, +leaving Grand Lake at 5:35 p.m. and arriving at Granby at +6:05 p.m. +</p> +<p>The United Airlines, operating 18-hour transcontinental +service through +Cheyenne, connects with Wyoming Air Service for Denver, which in turn +connects at that point with the Rocky Mountain Parks Transportation +Co. service to the Rocky Mountain National Park. From the south, +T.W.A., Inc., and American Airlines, in their transcontinental +services +through Albuquerque and El Paso, respectively, connect with Denver +by the Varney Speed Lines. +</p> +<h5><a name="a26" id="a26"></a>ALL-EXPENSE +CIRCLE TRIPS</h5> +<p>Five special all-expense tours from Denver to the park and +return to +Denver are offered by the Rocky Mountain Parks Transportation Co. from +June 15 to September 20. Denver is about 85 miles from the park, and +for +$16 (transportation cost only) you can make a 2-day trip, entering the +park through picturesque Big Thompson Canyon, crossing the Front Range +of +the Rocky Mountains twice, and stopping at Grand Lake, Estes Park, +Clear Creek Canyon, Idaho Springs, and Lookout Mountain. This +tour affords fine panoramas of the Rocky Mountains from elevations +above +12,000 feet. Another 2-day tour follows the same route but includes +lunch +at Estes Park, dinner, night's lodging, and breakfast at Grand Lake +Lodge, +and lunch the second day at Idaho Springs. The cost is $22. +</p> +<p>The 3-day tour is leisurely enough to permit the traveler to +spend a +night +at Estes Park Chalets and 1 at Grand Lake Lodge. The cost is $27, +including +meals and lodging. The 4-day trip includes 2 nights at Estes +Park Chalets and 2 at Grand Lake Lodge; the cost is $32. On the 6-day +trip which costs $44, 3 days are spent at Estes Park Chalets and 3 at +Grand Lake Lodge. These tours are leisurely and permit ample time for +fishing, horseback riding, or hiking. +</p> +<p>Tours similar to the above, but connecting with the Denver +& +Rio +Grande Western Railroad at Granby, are available at the same rates. +Special all-expense tours from Granby, through the park, to Estes Park +and Denver are available also at similar rates. +</p> +<h5><a name="b26" id="b26"></a>TRANSPORTATION +IN THE PARK</h5> +<p>The traveler who has no car available or does not wish to +drive his own +machine in the mountains may take advantage of the special trips +offered +from June 15 to September 20 by the Rocky Mountain Parks Transportation +Co. at Estes Park. The Trail Ridge, Fall River, and Highdrive loop +trip of about 50 miles costs $5 and requires about 4 hours. One can go +in the morning, leaving at 8:30 o'clock, or in the afternoon at 2. The +Estes Park-Grand Lake trip of about 47 miles costs $5 one way and $8 +for a round trip. One can leave Estes Park at 8:45 a.m. or +2:30 p.m. +Two +other daily loop trips are made from Estes Park for $4 a person. Stops +are made at the Fish Hatchery, Horseshoe Park, Fall River Lodge, Fern +Lake Trail, Brinwood Hotel, Stead's Hotel, Glacier Basin, Bear Lake, +Sprague's Lodge, and the Y.M.C.A. Cars leave Estes Park at 8 +a.m. and 2 p.m. Proportionate charges are made for +anyone not +desiring +to make the entire trip. Between September 20 and June 15 these rates +apply only when four or more passengers make the trip. +</p> +<p>Touring-car service is also available at 30 cents a mile for +two +passengers, 40 cents for three, 50 cents for four, and 10 cents a mile +for each additional passenger. Waiting time costs $3 an hour. +</p> +<p>Passenger and freight service within the park is operated by +the Rocky +Mountain Parks Transportation Co. under a franchise from the Secretary +of the Interior, with rates approved by him. +</p> +<h5><a name="a27" id="a27"></a>ACCOMMODATIONS +AND EXPENSES</h5> +<p>The seven hotel and lodge operations in Rocky Mountain +National Park +are conducted with private capital under franchise from the Secretary +of +the Interior at rates subject to his approval. +</p> +<p>This booklet is issued once a year and the rates mentioned +herein may +have changed slightly since issuance, but the latest rates approved by +the Secretary are on file with the superintendent. +</p> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="b27" id="b27"></a>Hotels +And +Lodges On Park Lands</h5> +<p><i><b>Bear Lake Lodge</b></i>, +located on Bear Lake, offers cabin accommodations, +ranging in price from $2.50 to $3.50 a day and $15 to $20 a week. +Meals: Breakfast, a la carte; luncheon, 65 cents to $1; dinner, $1 to +$1.50. Rates, American plan, range from $4.25 to $6 a day and $26.50 to +$34 a week. +</p> +<p><i><b>Fern Lodge</b></i>, on +Fern Lake, offers cabin accommodations, without +bath, American plan only, at the same rates charged at Bear Lake Lodge. +</p> +<p><i><b>Forest Inn</b></i>, +located at "The Pool" on Fern Lake Trail, offers board +and lodging (tents) at prices from $3 to $4 a day and $15 to $20 a +week. For cabin accommodations the charge is from $4 to $5 a day, and +$20 to $25 a week. Single meals are 75 cents each. +</p> +<p><i><b>Grand Lake Lodge</b></i>, +near Grand Lake, open from June 15 to September +20, operates on the American plan and rates are from $5 to $7 a day; +weekly rates 10-percent reduction of daily rates. Single meals: +Breakfast, 75 cents; luncheon, $1; dinner, $1.25. +</p> +<p><i><b>Brinwood Hotel</b></i>, +at the head of Moraine Park, offers American-plan +service at from $3.50 to $6.50 a day and $21 to $40 a week. Saddle +horses may be rented at $2.50 a half day, $4 a day, $21 a week, and $75 +a month. +</p> +<p><i><b>Camp Woods</b></i>, at +the junction of Bear Lake and Moraine Park roads +offers housekeeping cottages at from $2.50 a day for two persons to $6 +a day for six persons. By the week: From $14 for two persons to $35 for +six. By the month: From $45 for two persons to $60 for five persons. +</p> +<p><i><b>Sprague's Lodge</b></i>, +in the Glacier Basin, provides American-plan +accommodations at the following rates: By the day, $4 to $6; by the +week, from $24.50 to $40; 4 weeks, $84 to $133. +</p> +<h5 class="smcap"><a name="a28" id="a28"></a>Private +Hotels, Cottages, And Camps</h5> +<p>There are many hotels, lodges, and camps located on private +lands in or +adjacent to the park. The National Park Service exercises no control +over the rates and operations of these hotels. Furnished cottages may +be +rented in Estes Park, Grand Lake, and elsewhere on private lands in or +adjacent to the national park. Information concerning hotels and +cottages +not under the control of the National Park Service may be obtained by +writing the Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, Estes Park, Colo., or +the president of the Grand Lake Commercial Club, Grand Lake, Colo.</p> +<h5><a name="b28" id="b28"></a>DISTANCES +TO PRINCIPAL POINTS OF INTEREST</h5> +<h5 class="smcap">One-Half-Day Trips From Estes Park +Village</h5> +<h5 style="font-weight: normal;">[Elevation +7,547 feet. No guide needed except for no. 5]</h5> +<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%; height: 102px;" summary="trips_EP" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style="width: 15%; text-align: center;">Trips</td> +<td style="width: 12%; text-align: center;">Elevation<br> +<i>Feet</i></td> +<td style="width: 12%; text-align: center;">Miles +from Estes Park</td> +<td style="width: 11%; text-align: center;">Days +Round Trip</td> +<td style="width: 20%; text-align: center;">Remarks +(One way distances)</td> +<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;">Description</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="width: 15%;">1. Gem Lake.</td> +<td style="width: 12%; text-align: center;">8,700 +</td> +<td style="width: 12%; text-align: center;">4</td> +<td style="width: 11%; text-align: center;">½</td> +<td style="width: 20%; text-align: left;"> +<p>2 miles by auto, by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="width: 30%;"> +<p>Good trip with distant view of Longs Peak from top.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="width: 15%;">2. Prospect Mountain.</td> +<td style="width: 12%; text-align: center;">8,896</td> +<td style="width: 12%; text-align: center;">2</td> +<td style="width: 11%; text-align: center;">½</td> +<td style="width: 20%;"> +<p>2 miles on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="width: 30%;"> +<p>Excellent panorama of range and Estes Park Valley.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="width: 15%;">3. Old Man Mountain.</td> +<td style="width: 12%; text-align: center;">8,300</td> +<td style="width: 12%; text-align: center;">1½</td> +<td style="width: 11%; text-align: center;">¼ - ½</td> +<td style="width: 20%;"> +<p>¾ by auto; ¾ on foot</p> +</td> +<td style="width: 30%;"> +<p>Good snappy climb, with view of village and park.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="width: 15%;">4. Deer Mountain.</td> +<td style="width: 12%; text-align: center;">10,028</td> +<td style="width: 12%; text-align: center;">4</td> +<td style="width: 11%; text-align: center;">½ - 1</td> +<td style="width: 20%;"> +<p>4 miles by horse or on foot</p> +</td> +<td style="width: 30%;"> +<p>Auto can be taken to Mountain top of Deer Ridge and +mountain climbed from there.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="width: 15%;">5. Wonder Basin.</td> +<td style="width: 12%; text-align: center;">8,600</td> +<td style="width: 12%; text-align: center;">5½</td> +<td style="width: 11%; text-align: center;">½ - 1</td> +<td style="width: 20%;"> +<p>2 miles by auto; 3½ on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="width: 30%;"> +<p>Interesting examples of erosion.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<br> +<h5 class="smcap">One-Day Trips From Estes Park Village</h5> +<h5 style="font-weight: normal;">[Elevation 7,547 feet. +Guide recommended for all trips, but not +necessary except for no. 14] +</h5> +<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%; height: 102px;" summary="day trips EP" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 15%;">Trips</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">Elevation<br> +<i>Feet</i></td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">Miles +from Estes Park</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">Days +Round Trip</td> +<td style="width: 20%; text-align: center;">Remarks +(One way distances)</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 30%;">Description</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +1. Flattop Mountain.</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">12,300</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">15</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>11 miles by auto; 4½ by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Excellent horseback or foot-trail trip to Continental +Divide.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +2. Bear Lake.</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">9,485</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">11</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">½</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>11 miles by auto.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Glacial Lake. Fishing.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +3. Mill Creek.</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">8,800</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">7</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">½</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>6 miles by auto; 1 by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Former ranger station.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +4. Cub Lake Trail.</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">9,350</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">9½</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">½</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>6 miles by auto; 3½ by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Wooded mountain trail.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +5. Fern Lake.</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">9,550</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">11½</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>6 miles by auto; 5½ by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Beautiful wooded trail; heavy forest; lake with +wonderful setting.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +6. Odessa Lake.</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">10,000</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">12</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">1 +or 2</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>6 +miles by auto; 6½ by horse or on foot. </p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Lake of spectacular alpine beauty. Flowers and snow.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +7. Bierstadt Lake.</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">9,350</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">9½</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">½</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>8 miles by auto; 1½ by horse or on foot</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>On huge moraine in heavy timber. View of range.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +8. Loch Vale.</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">10,250 +</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">12</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">½</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>10 miles by auto; 2½ by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Remarkable glacial evidences; fire-killed forest; lake +of unusual alpine beauty.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +9. Storm Vale.</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">10,350</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">11</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>9 miles by auto; 2 by horse or on foot to +pass; 6¼ miles to Bear Lake road.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Moraine; timberline growth.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +10. Lily Lake (via Wind River).</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">8,975</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">8</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>6 miles by auto; 2 by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Beautiful aspen and blue-spruce trail.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +11. Ypsilon Lake.</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">10,550</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">12</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>8 miles by auto; 4 by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Wild trail to glacial lake under precipices of Mount +Ypsilon</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +12. Lawn Lake.</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">10,950</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">14¼</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>8 miles by auto; 6¼ by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Good mountain trip of varying interest. Fall fishing.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +13. Crystal Lake.</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">11,450 +</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">16</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">1 +or 2</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>8 miles by auto; 7½ by horse or on foot; ½ on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Timberline; glacial lake in glacial cirque.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +14. Rowe Glacier. </td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">13,200</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">17½</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">1 +or 2</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>8 miles by auto; 7½ by horse or on foot; 2 on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Largest glacier in park. Great mountain view.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +15. Specimen Mountain.</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">12,482 +</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">24</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">1 +or 2</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>22 miles by auto; 2 by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Interesting volcanic formations. Mountain sheep.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +16. Twin Sisters and Look-out.</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">11,436</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">12</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>8½ miles by auto; 3½ by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>National Park Service fire lookout. View of entire +country.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +17. Chasm Lake. </td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">11,850</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">14¼</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>10 miles by auto; 4 by horse or on foot; ¼ on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Timberline; terrific glacial work; high perpendicular +precipices.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +18. Hallett Peak. </td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">12,725 +</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">15½</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>11 miles by auto; 4½ by horse or on foot; ½ on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Short stiff climb. Expansive view of hundreds of square +miles of country.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 15%;"> +19. The Keyhole. </td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">13,214</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">17½</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 11%;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 20%;"> +<p>10 miles by auto; 7 by horse or on foot; ½ on foot.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 30%;"> +<p>Spectacular views of Glacier Gorge and Longs Peak.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +The above trips may be combined as follows: 1, 2, and 3; 1 and +18; 2, 5, and 6; 3 and 4; 4, 5, and 6; 9 and 10; 11 and 12; 12, 13, and +14; 17 and 19. +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p class="figcenter p1"><a href="images/illus035_l.jpg"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 640px; height: 405px;" alt="Mount Meeker And Long Peak" src="images/illus035.jpg"></a></p> +<h5 class="smcap">Mount Meeker And Long Peak</h5> +<h5 class="add5em" style="font-weight: normal;"><i>Grant +photo.</i></h5> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<h5 class="smcap">TRIPS FROM GRAND LAKE</h5> +<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%; height: 102px;" summary="trips GL" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 30%;">Trips</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">Elevation<br> +<i>Feet</i></td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">Miles +One Way</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 12%;">Days +Round Trip</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 34%;">Remarks</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">1. Cascade Falls.</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">9,000 </td> +<td style="text-align: center;">4</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">½</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>4 miles by horse or on foot. +</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">2. Flattop shelter +cabin.</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,500 +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>10 miles by horse +or on foot.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">3. Lake Nanita. </td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,750</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>10 miles by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Lake Nokoni.</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,850</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">11</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>10 miles by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">4. Bench Lake. </td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,923</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>10 miles by horse; 2 on foot.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">5. Flattop Mountain.</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,300</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>12 miles by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">6. Adams Falls.</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">9,000</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">2</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">½</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>2 miles by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">7. Shadow Mountain.</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,100</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">3</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">½</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>3 miles by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">8. Lake Verna.</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,150</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">8</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>8 miles by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">9. Hell Canyon Pass. </td> +<td style="text-align: center;">11,400</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">13</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">2</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>8 miles by horse; 5 on foot.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">10. Colorado River +trail.</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">8,500</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">5</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">½</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>5 miles by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">11. North Fork Road.</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">9,038</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">13</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>13 miles by horse, on foot, or by auto.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">12. Phantom Valley +Ranch.</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">9,000</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">13</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>13 miles by horse, on foot, or by auto.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">13. Milner Pass.</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,759</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">18</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>18 miles by horse, on foot, or by auto.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">14. Tonahutu Creek, +Big Meadows.</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">9,385</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">5</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">½</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>5 miles by horse or on foot.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">15. Columbine Lake. </td> +<td style="text-align: center;">8,600</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">3</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">½</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>3 miles by horse, on foot, or by auto.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">16. Fall River Road to +Continental Divide and Fall River Pass.</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">11,797</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">22</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">½</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>22 miles by horse, on foot, or by auto.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">17. Estes Park.</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">7,547</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">47</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">1</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>47 miles by horse or auto.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<br> +<h5><span class="smcap">Other Trips In Rocky +Mountain National Park</span> +</h5> +<h5 style="font-weight: normal;">[Guide recommended on all +these trips] +</h5> +<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" summary="other trips" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 65%;">Trips</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 35%;">Starting +point</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +1. Chasm Lake—Longs Peak. </td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Longs Peak post office.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +2. Glacier Gorge—Lakes Mills, Black, Blue, and Shelf.</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Glacier Basin.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">3. Glass Lake—Sky +Pond—Taylor Glacier.</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Glacier Basin.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +4. Loch Vale—Andrews Glacier—Otis Peak—Otis Gorge—Lake Haiyaha—Nymph +Lake—Bear Lake.</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Glacier Basin.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">5. Nymph Lake—Dream +Lake—Emerald Lake—Tyndall Gorge—Tyndall Glacier—Flattop +Mountain. +</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Bear Lake.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">6. Fern Lake—Odessa +Lake—Flattop Mountain—Tyndall Glacier—Hallett Peak—Continental +Divide—Tourmaline Gorge. +</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Fern Lake.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +7. Spruce Lake—Spruce Canyon—Hourglass and Rainbow Lakes—Sprague +Glacier—Continental Divide—Tourmaline Lake and Gorge—Odessa and Fern +Lakes. +</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Fern Lake.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">8. The Pool—Forest +Canyon.</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>The Pool.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">9. Wild Basin.</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Copeland Lake.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">10. Top of road on +Continental Divide—Mount Ida—Gorge Lakes—Forest Canyon—The Pool.</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Estes Park.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">11. Fall River +Road—Chapin Pass—Mounts Chiquita, Ypsilon, and Chapin—Bill Currence's +trail. </td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Estes Park.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">12. Fall River +Pass—Cache la Poudre River—Down to mouth of Hague Creek—Up to Chapin +Creek to Chapin Pass—Fall River Road. +</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Estes Park.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">13. Horseshoe +Park—Lawn Lake—"The Saddle"—Cascade Creek—Mouth of Hague Creek back as +trip no. 12.</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Horseshoe Park.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">14. Fall River Road to +Chapin Pass—Chapin +Creek and Cache la Poudre to mouth of Hague Creek—Boundary of park to +La Poudre Pass—Headwaters of Colorado River—Phantom Valley Ranch.</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Estes Park.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">15. Trail +Ridge—Continental Divide—Phantom Valle Ranch.</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Estes Park.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">16. Phantom Valley +Ranch—Headwaters of Colorado River—Thunder Pass and Thunder Mountain.</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Phantom Valley Ranch.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +17. Mount Richthofen.</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Phantom Valley Ranch.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">18. Specimen Mountain.</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Phantom Valley Ranch.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">19. Eight or more good +climbs in the Never Summer Range. +</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Phantom Valley Ranch.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">20. Flattop +Mountain—Tyndall Glacier—Andrews Glacier—Flattop shelter cabin—Lakes +Nanita and Nokoni.</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Estes Park.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">21. North Inlet to +source—Mount Alice—Wild Basin.</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Flattop shelter +cabin.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">22. Grand Lake via +Phantom Valley Ranch.</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Estes Park.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">23. Grand Lake via +Flattop.</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Estes Park.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<h5><a name="a32" id="a32"></a>THE PARK'S MOUNTAIN PEAKS</h5> +<h5><span class="smcap">Peaks In The Grand Lake Basin</span> +</h5> +<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" summary="peaks" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> +<tbody> +<tr class="figcenter"> +<td class="figcenter" style="text-align: center; width: 30%;"></td> +<td class="figcenter" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; width: 20%;"><i>Altitude +in feet</i></td> +<td style="width: 30%;"></td> +<td style="width: 20%;"><i>Altitude in feet</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;" class="figcenter">Snowdrift +Peak </td> +<td class="figcenter" align="center" valign="middle">12,280</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Mount +Cairns</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,800</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;" class="figcenter">Nakai +Peak</td> +<td class="figcenter" align="center" valign="middle">12,221</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Mount +Westcott</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,400</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;" class="figcenter">Mount +Patterson</td> +<td class="figcenter" align="center" valign="middle">11,400</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Shadow +Mountain</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,100</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">Nisa +Mountain</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,791</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Mount +Bryant</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">11,000</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">Mount +Enentah</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,737</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Mount +Acoma</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,500</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<h5 class="smcap">Peaks In The Never Summer Range +(Continental Divide), North To South +</h5> +<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" summary="peaks NSR" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> +<tbody> +<tr class="figcenter"> +<td class="figcenter" style="text-align: center; width: 30%;"></td> +<td class="figcenter" style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; width: 20%;"><i>Elevation +in feet</i></td> +<td style="width: 30%;"></td> +<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; width: 20%;"><i>Elevation +in feet</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;" class="figcenter">Thunder +Mountain</td> +<td class="figcenter">11,700</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> Red +Mountain</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">11,505</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;" class="figcenter">Mount +Richthofen</td> +<td class="figcenter" align="center" valign="middle">12,953</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Mount +Nimbus</td> +<td style="text-align: center;"> +12,730</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;" class="figcenter">Lead +Mountain</td> +<td class="figcenter" align="center" valign="middle">12,532</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Baker +Mountain</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,406</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">Mount +Cirrus</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,804</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Parika +Peak¹</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,400</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left;">Howard +Mountain</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,814</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Bowen +Mountain¹</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,541</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Mount +Cumulus</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,724</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Cascade +Mountain¹</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,320</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<div style="text-align: center;">Note: ¹ Not within park +boundaries. +</div> +<h5 class="smcap">Peaks Of The Mummy Range North-East Of +The Continental Divide From Fall River North +</h5> +<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" summary="peaks mummy" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style="width: 30%;"></td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 20%;"><i>Altitude +in feet</i></td> +<td style="width: 30%;"></td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 20%;"><i>Altitude +in +feet</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Mount +Chapin</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,458 +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Mount +Dunraven</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,548</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Mount +Chiquita</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">13,052</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Mount +Dickinson</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">11,874</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Ypsilon +Mountain</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">13,507</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Mount +Tileston</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">11,244 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Mount +Fairchild</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">13,502</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Bighorn +Mountain</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">11,473</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Hagues +Peak</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">13,562</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle">McGregor +Mountain</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,482</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle">Mummy +Mountain</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">13,413</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle">The +Needles</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,075</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<h5> +<span class="smcap">Front Range Peaks Following The Line +Of The Continental Divide North To South</span> +</h5> +<table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" summary="front range" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> +<tbody> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 30%;">A +little west of the Divide </td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 30%;">On +the Continental Divide </td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 30%;">A +little east of the Divide </td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 10%;">Altitude<i> +Feet</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td style="text-align: left;"> +<p>Specimen +Mountain</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,482</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Shipler Mountain </p> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">11,400</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Trail Ridge</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,400</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Mount Ida</p> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,700</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Terra Tomah Mountain</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,686</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Mount Julian</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,928</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Stones Peak</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,928</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Flattop Mountain</p> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,300</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Hallett Peak</p> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,725</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Otis Peak</p> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,478</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Taylor Peak</p> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">13,150</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Thatchtop</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,600</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>McHenrys Peak </p> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">13,300</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Storm Peak</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">13,335</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Chiefs Head</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;"> +13,579</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Pagoda</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">13,491</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Longs Peak</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">14,255</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Mount Lady Washington</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">13,269</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Mount Meeker </p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">13,911</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Mount Alice</p> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">13,310</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Andrews Peak</p> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,564</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Tanina Peak</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,417</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Mount Craig</p> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,005 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Mahana Peak</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,629</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Ouzel Peak</p> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,600</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Mount Adams</p> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">12,115</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Deer Mountain</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,028</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Twin Sisters </p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">11,436</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Estes Cone</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">11,017</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Battle Mountain</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">11,930</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Lookout</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">10,744</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Mount Orton</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">11,682</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Meadow Mountain</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;"> +11,634 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td> +</td> +<td align="left" valign="middle"> +<p>Mount Copeland</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center;">13,176 +</td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<p>The tables on the preceding pages show that there are 65 named +mountains +within the area of the park that reach altitudes of over 10,000 feet +grouped as follows: +</p> +<table style="width: 100%; text-align: left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" summary="big peaks" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> +<tbody> +<tr class="figcenter"> +<td class="figcenter" style="text-align: left; width: 25%;"> +</td> +<td style="width: 25%; text-align: left;" class="figcenter"> +<p>Over 14,000 feet</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 20%;"> +<p>1</p> +</td> +<td style="width: 25%;"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="figcenter" style="text-align: left; width: 25%;"> +</td> +<td style="width: 25%; text-align: left;" class="figcenter"> +<p>Between 13,000 and 14,000 feet</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 20%;"> +<p>14</p> +</td> +<td style="width: 25%;"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="figcenter" style="text-align: left; width: 25%;"> +</td> +<td style="width: 25%; text-align: left;" class="figcenter"> +<p>Between 12,000 and 13,000 feet</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 20%;"> +<p>27</p> +</td> +<td style="width: 25%;"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td style="text-align: left; width: 200px;" class="figcenter"> +</td> +<td style="width: 25%; text-align: left;" class="figcenter"> +<p>Between 11,000 and 12,000 feet</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 20%;"> +<p>13</p> +</td> +<td style="width: 25%;"></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="figcenter" style="text-align: left; width: 25%;"> +</td> +<td style="width: 25%; text-align: left;" class="figcenter"> +<p>Between 10,000 and 11,000 feet</p> +</td> +<td style="text-align: center; width: 20%;"> +<p>10</p> +</td> +<td style="width: 25%;"></td> +</tr> +</tbody> +</table> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p class="figcenter p1"><a href="images/illus039_l.jpg"><img src="images/illus039.jpg" alt="Romantic Loch Vale" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 480px; height: 576px;"></a></p> +<h5 class="smcap">Romantic Loch Vale</h5> +<h5 class="add5em" style="font-weight: normal;"><i>Shelk +photo.</i></h5> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<h5><a name="a35" id="a35"></a>REFERENCES +</h5> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Albright, +Horace M.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Taylor, +Frank J</span>. Oh, Ranger! A book about the +national parks. Illustrated. </p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Bird, +Isabella L.</span> +A Lady's Life in the Rocky Mountains. 1890. 296 pp., +illustrated. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York. +</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Bishop, +Mrs. Isabella L.</span> +(See Bird, Isabella L.) +</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Boyer, +Warren E.</span> +Vanishing Trails of Romance. 1923. 94 pp., illustrated. +</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap p0a">Chapin, +Frederick H.</span><span class="p0a"> +Mountaineering in Colorado. 1890. 168 pp., illustrated. W.B. Clark, +Boston, Mass.</span> +</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Faris, +John T.</span>:</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">Roaming the Rockies. 1930. +Farrar & Rinehart. 333 pp., +illustrated. </p> +<p class="p0a add5em">Rocky Mountain National Park on pp. +228-246.</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">Roaming American Playgrounds. +1934. 331 pp., illustrated. +Farrar & Rinehart.</p> +<p class="p0a add5em">Rocky Mountain National Park on pp. +129-131.</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Frothingham, +Robert.</span> +Trails Through the Golden West. Robert M. McBride, +New York. +</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Hart, John +L. Jerome.</span> Fourteen Thousand Feet. 2d ed., 1931. Colorado +Mountain Club, Denver. 71 pp. +</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Hewes, +Charles Edwin.</span> Songs of the Rockies. 1914. 129 pp., +illustrated. +Edgerton. +</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Jackson, +William H</span>., and <span class="smcap">Driggs, +H. R</span>. The Pioneer Photographer. 1929.</p> +<p class="p0a add5em">Rocky Mountain National Park on pp. +143-152.</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Jeffers, +Le Roy</span>. The Call of the Mountains. 282 pp., illustrated. +Dodd, Mead & Co., New York.</p> +<p class="p0a add5em">Rocky Mountain National Park on pp. +87-95; 262.</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Kane, F.J.</span> +Picturesque America, Its Parks and Playgrounds. Published +by Frederick Gumbrecht, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1925. 521 pp., +illustrated.</p> +<p class="p0a add5em">Rocky Mountain National Park on pp. +157-176.</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Longyear, +Burton O.</span>:</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">Trees and Shrubs of the Rocky +Mountain Region. 1927. 244 pp., +illustrated. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York. </p> +<p class="p0a add2em">Evergreens of Colorado. +1925. 82 pp., illustrated. Multigraph Service +Bureau, Fort Collins, Colo.</p> +<p class="p0a smcap">Mills, Enos A.: +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">Wild Life on the Rockies. 1909. 263 +pp., illustrated. Houghton, Boston. +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">The Spell of the Rockies. 1911. 348 +pp., illustrated. Houghton, Boston. +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">In Beaver World. 1913. 223 pp., +illustrated. Houghton, Boston. +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">The Story of a Thousand Year Pine. +1914. 38 pp., illustrated. Houghton, +Boston. +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">Rocky Mountain Wonderland. 1915. 362 +pp., illustrated, map. Houghton, +Boston. +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">The Story of Scotch. 1916. 63 pp., +illustrated. Houghton, Boston. +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">Your National Parks. 1917. 532 pp., +illustrated. Houghton, Boston. +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">The Grizzly, Our Greatest Wild +Animal. 1919. 284 pp., illustrated. +Houghton, Boston. +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">Adventures of a Nature Guide. 1920. +271 pp., illustrated. Houghton, +Boston. +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">Waiting in the Wilderness. 1921. 241 +pp., illustrated. Houghton, +Boston. +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">Watched by Wild Animals. 1922. 243 +pp., illustrated. Houghton, Boston. +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">Wild Animal Homesteads. 1923. 259 +pp., illustrated. Houghton, Boston. +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">The Rocky Mountain National Park. +1924. 239 pp., illustrated. Houghton, +Boston. +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">Romance of Geology. 1926. 245 pp., +illustrated. Houghton, Boston. +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">Bird Memories of the Rockies. 1931. +263 pp., illustrated. Houghton, +Boston. +</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Mills, +Joe. </span>A Mountain Boyhood. 286 pp. 1926. Sears.</p> +<p class="p0a">Quinne, Vernon. Beautiful America. 333 pp., +illustrated. Frederick A. +Stokes Co., New York City. 1923.</p> +<p class="p0a add5em">Rocky Mountain National Park on pp. +260-262. +</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Rensch, H. +E.</span> Historical Background for the Rocky Mountain National +Park. 1935. 42 pp. Rocky Mountain Nature Association. +</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Rolfe, +Mary A</span>. Our National Parks. Book One. 1927. 320 pp., +illustrated. Benj. H. Sanborn Co., Chicago. +</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Yard, +Robert Sterling:</span> +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">The Top of the Continent. 1917. 244 +pp., illustrated. Scribners. </p> +<p class="p0a add5em">Rocky +Mountain National Park on pp. 16-43. +</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">The Book of the National Parks. +1926. 444 pp., 74 illustrations, 14 +maps and diagrams. Scribners. </p> +<p class="p0a add5em">Rocky Mountain National Park on pp. +93-117. +</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Wilbur, +Ray Lyman</span>, and <span class="smcap">Du Puy, +William Atherton</span>. Conservation in the +Department of the Interior.</p> +<p class="p0a add5em">Chapter on national parks, pp. +96-112. +Illustrated. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1931. +</p> +<p class="p0a smcap">Yeager, Dorr G.:</p> +<p class="p0a add2em">Bob Flame, Rocky Mountain Ranger. +1935. Illustrated. Dodd, Mead +& Co., New York. </p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="add2em">Scarface, +the Story of a Grizzly. 1935. Illustrated. Penn, Phila.</span> +</p> +<p class="p0a"><span class="smcap">Yelm, Betty</span>, +and <span class="smcap">Beals, Ralph L</span>. +Indians of the Park Region. 1934. 52 +pp. Rocky Mountain Nature Association. +</p> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p class="figcenter p1"><a href="images/illus041_l.jpg"><img src="images/illus041.jpg" alt="Sheer Peaks Rise Above Picturesque Dream Lake" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 598px; height: 480px;"></a></p> +<h5 class="smcap">Sheer Peaks Rise Above Picturesque Dream +Lake</h5> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<h1><a name="a37" id="a37"></a>GOVERNMENT +PUBLICATIONS</h1> +<p class="p1b"> +<i><b>Glimpses of Our National +Parks</b></i>. An illustrated booklet +containing +descriptions of the national parks.</p> +<p class="p0a">Address the Director, National Park +Service, Washington, D.C. </p> +<p class="p0a">Free.</p> +<p class="p1b"><i><b>Recreational Map</b></i>. +Shows both Federal and State reservations with +recreational opportunities throughout the United States.</p> +<p class="p0a">Brief +descriptions of principal ones. Address as above. </p> +<p class="p0a">Free.</p> +<p class="p1b"><i><b>Automobile Road Map of +Rocky Mountain National +Park</b></i>.</p> +<p class="p0a">Shows road and +trail system, hotels, camps, garages, superintendent's office, and +approaches to the park.</p> +<p class="p0a">Distributed free in the park only.</p> +<p class="p1b"><i><b>National Parks +Portfolio</b></i>. By Robert Sterling Yard.</p> +<p class="p0a">Cloth bound and +illustrated with more than 300 beautiful photographs of the national +parks. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C.</p> +<p class="p0a">Price, $1.50.</p> +<p class="p1 p1b"><i><b>Plants of Rocky +Mountain National Park</b></i>. By Ruth E. Ashton. 157 +pages. 100 illustrations.</p> +<p class="p0a">A guide to the flowers of the park with +keys +for their identification. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. +C.</p> +<p class="p0a">25 cents.</p> +<p class="p1b"><i><b>The Geologic Story of +Rocky Mountain National +Park</b></i>. By Willis T. +Lee. 89 pages. 101 illustrations.</p> +<p class="p0a">Superintendent +of Documents, +Washington, D.C. </p> +<p class="p0a">50 cents.</p> +<p class="p1b"><i><b>Fauna +of the National +Parks. Series No. +1.</b></i> By G.M. Wright, +J.S. Dixon, and B.H. Thompson.</p> +<p class="p0a">Survey of wildlife conditions in the +national parks. Illustrated. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, +D.C. </p> +<p class="p0a">20 cents. +</p> +<p class="p1b"><i><b>Fauna of the National +Parks. Series No. +2.</b></i> By G.M. Wright and B. +H. Thompson.</p> +<p class="p0a">Wildlife management in the +national parks. Superintendent +of Documents, Washington, D.C.</p> +<p class="p0a">20 cents.</p> +<p class="p1">Booklets about the national +parks listed below may be obtained free of +charge by +writing to:</p> +<p class="p0a">The Director,</p> +<p class="p0a">National Park Service,</p> +<p class="p0a">Washington, D.C.</p> +<p class="p1">Acadia, Maine. +Carlsbad Caverns, N. Mex. +</p> +<p class="p1">Crater Lake, Oreg. +</p> +<p class="p1">General Grant, Calif. +</p> +<p class="p1">Glacier, Mont. +</p> +<p class="p1">Grand Canyon, Ariz. +</p> +<p class="p1">Grant Teton, Wyo. +</p> +<p class="p1">Great Smoky Mountains, N.C.-Tenn. +</p> +<p class="p1">Hawaii, Hawaii. +</p> +<p class="p1">Hot Springs, Ark. +</p> +<p class="p1">Lassen Volcanic, Calif. +</p> +<p class="p1">Mesa Verde, Colo. +</p> +<p class="p1">Mount McKinley, Alaska. +</p> +<p class="p1">Mount Rainier, Wash. +</p> +<p class="p1">National Capital Parks, Washington, D.C. +</p> +<p class="p1">Platt, Okla. +Sequoia, Calif. +</p> +<p class="p1">Wind Cave, S. Dak. +</p> +<p class="p1">Yellowstone, Wyo.-Idaho-Mont. +</p> +<p class="p1">Yosemite, Calif. +</p> +<p class="p1">Zion and Bryce Canyon, Utah. +</p> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> +<p class="figcenter p1"><a href="images/endmap_l.jpg"><img src="images/endmap.jpg" alt="Areas Administered By The National Park Service" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 640px; height: 451px;"></a></p> +<h5 class="smcap">Areas Administered By The National Park +Service</h5> +<hr style="width: 30%;"> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Rocky Mountain [Colorado] National Park, by +United States Dept. of the Interior + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK *** + +***** This file should be named 37918-h.htm or 37918-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/9/1/37918/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Steven Brown and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Gutenberg EBook of Rocky Mountain [Colorado] National Park, by +United States Dept. of the Interior + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Rocky Mountain [Colorado] National Park + +Author: United States Dept. of the Interior + +Release Date: November 4, 2011 [EBook #37918] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Steven Brown and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + +Transcriber's Notes: + +Some illustration's captions have been moved out of the paragraph. + +Spelling has been made consistent throughout. + +Tables on more than one page joined together. + +Bold faced text shown as: =abcde= + +Italics text shown as: _abcde_ + + + + +[Illustration: Cover Page] + + +Rocky Mountain +[COLORADO] +National Park + + +United States Department of the Interior +_Harold L. Ickes, Secretary_ + +NATIONAL PARK SERVICE +_Arno B. Cammerer, Director_ + +[Illustration: Dept of Interior Logo] + + +UNITED STATES +GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE +WASHINGTON: 1937 + + + + +DO YOU KNOW YOUR NATIONAL PARKS? + + +ACADIA, MAINE.--Combination of mountain and seacoast scenery. +Established 1919; 24.08 square miles. + +BRYCE CANYON, UTAH.--Canyons filled with exquisitely colored pinnacles. +Established 1928; 55.06 square miles. + +CARLSBAD CAVERNS, N. MEX.--Beautifully decorated limestone caverns +believed largest in the world. Established 1930; 15.56 square miles. + +CRATER LAKE, OREG.--Astonishingly beautiful lake in crater of extinct +volcano. Established 1902; 250.52 square miles. + +GENERAL GRANT, CALIF.--Celebrated General Grant Tree and grove of big +trees. Established 1890; 3.96 square miles. + +GLACIER, MONT.--Unsurpassed alpine scenery; 200 lakes; 60 glaciers. +Established 1910; 1,533.88 square miles. + +GRAND CANYON, ARIZ.--World's greatest example of erosion. +Established 1919; 1,009.08 square miles. + +GRAND TETON, WYO.--Most spectacular portion of Teton Mountains. +Established 1929; 150 square miles. + +GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS, N.C.-TENN.--Massive mountain uplift covered with +magnificent forests. Established for protection 1930; 617 square miles. + +HAWAII: ISLANDS OF HAWAII AND MAUI.--Volcanic areas of great interest, +including Kilauea, famous for frequent spectacular outbursts. +Established 1916; 245 square miles. + +HOT SPRINGS, ARK.--Forty-seven hot springs reserved by the Federal +Government in 1832 to prevent exploitation of waters. Made national +park in 1921; 1.58 square miles. + +LASSEN VOLCANIC, CALIF.--Only recently active volcano in continental +United States. Established 1916; 163.32 square miles. + +MAMMOTH CAVE, KY.--Interesting caverns, including spectacular onyx cave +formation. Established for protection 1936; 38.34 square miles. + +MESA VERDE, COLO.--Most notable cliff dwellings in United States. +Established 1906; 80.21 square miles. + +MOUNT McKINLEY, ALASKA.--Highest mountain in North America. +Established 1917; 3,030.46 square miles. + +MOUNT RAINIER, WASH.--Largest accessible single-peak glacier system. +Established 1899; 377.78 square miles. + +PLATT, OKLA.--Sulphur and other springs. +Established 1902; 1.33 square miles. + +ROCKY MOUNTAIN, COLO.--Peaks from 11,000 to 14,255 feet in heart of +Rockies. Established 1915; 405.33 square miles. + +SEQUOIA, CALIF.--General Sherman, largest and possibly oldest tree in +the world; outstanding groves of Sequoia gigantea. Established 1890; +604 square miles. + +SHENANDOAH, VA.--Outstanding scenic area in Virginia section of Blue +Ridge. Established 1935; 275.81 square miles. + +WIND CAVE, S. DAK.--Beautiful cavern of peculiar formations. +No stalactites or stalagmites. Established 1903; 18.47 square miles. + +YELLOWSTONE: WYO.-MONT.-IDAHO.--World's greatest geyser area, and an +outstanding game preserve. Established 1872; 3,471.51 square miles. + +YOSEMITE, CALIF.--Valley of world-famous beauty; spectacular waterfalls; +magnificent high Sierra country. Established 1890; 1,176.16 square miles. + +ZION, UTAH--Beautiful Zion Canyon 1,500 to 2,500 feet deep. Spectacular +coloring. Established 1919; 148.26 square miles. + + + + +RULES AND REGULATIONS + +Briefed + + +The Park Regulations are designed for the protection of your property. +You, as prudent owners, will help protect the natural beauties and +scenery by warning the careless and reporting infractions of the +regulations. The following synopsis is for the general guidance of +visitors. Full regulations may be seen at the office of the superintendent +and ranger stations. + +=_Fires._=--Fires may be lighted only when necessary and in designated +places. Before leaving, know your fire is out. HELP PROTECT this +wonderland so all may enjoy it. + +=_Camps._=--Automobile campers must stop in the designated camp grounds. +All must be kept clean and sanitary. Burn your garbage in your camp fire. +Empty cans and residue must be placed in garbage cans. If no can is +provided, bury the refuse. + +=_Public property, trees, flowers, and animals._=--The destruction, +injury, or disturbance of public property, trees, flowers, rocks, birds, +or animals, or other life is prohibited. + +=_Fishing._=--Fishing is permitted in all lakes and streams except as +closed by order of the superintendent. All fish hooked less than 7 +inches long shall be carefully handled with moist hands and returned at +once to the water. Fifteen fish (not exceeding a total of 10 pounds) +shall constitute the limit for a day's catch. + +=_Automobiles._=--Obey park traffic rules. Drive carefully at all times. +The SPEED LIMIT is 20 miles per hour on grades and curves, and on straight +stretches of road 35 miles per hour. All roads are patrolled. Automobiles +will be stopped for checking at park entrances. Cars carrying passengers +for profit are subject to restrictions. + +=_Dogs and cats._=--Must be kept securely on a leash while in the park. If +you have no leash, keep the animal in your car. + +=_Park rangers._=--Are for your protection and guidance. Do not hesitate +to consult them. Accidents, complaints, and suggestions should be reported +to the superintendent's office immediately. + + + + +Events +OF HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE + + + 1820 Maj. Stephen H. Long, commanding an exploring party sent out by + President Madison in 1819, first sighted Longs Peak. Park area + frequented by Arapaho and Ute Indians. + + 1843 Rufus B. Sage, another explorer, visited the area and later + published earliest known description in "Rocky Mountain Life, or + Startling Scenes and Perilous Adventures in the Far West During + an Expedition of Three Years." + + 1859 Joel Estes, the first white settler, entered the park and in + 1860 built the first cabin. + + 1865 Charles F. Estes, first white child born in the park. + + 1868 First ascent of Longs Peak. The climb was made by William N. + Byers, Maj. J.W. Powell, and five other men. + + 1868 Rocky Mountain Jim, adventurer and frontiersman, settled in area. + + 1869 Earl of Dunraven, famous English sportsman, first visited this + area. + + 1871 The Hayden Geographical Survey, under Dr. E.V. Hayden, worked in + this region. + + 1874 First stage established between Longmont and Estes Park. + + 1874 Albert Bierstadt, famous artist, first visited the region. + + 1876 First wedding in the park: Anna Ferguson and Richard Hubbell. + + 1878 First hotel built by Earl of Dunraven. + + 1881 First public school established and held in Elkhorn Lodge. + + 1881 The Denver, Utah & Pacific Railroad built to Lyons and projected + to Pacific Ocean through Fall River and Milner Passes by Milner, + chief engineer for the company. + + 1900 Bear Lake fire. + + 1904 Big Thompson Canyon road completed. + + 1907 Automobile stage line established between Estes Park and Loveland. + + 1909 Automobile stage line established between Estes Park and Lyons. + + 1912 Fall River road begun. Completed in 1920. + + 1915 Rocky Mountain National Park Act approved January 26. + + 1927 Bear Lake road completed. + + 1929 State of Colorado ceded exclusive jurisdiction to Federal + Government. + + 1930 Never Summer Range area added to the park. + + 1932 Trail Ridge road opened. + + + + + Contents + + Page + + Land of Lofty Mountains 1 + + Easy to Study Glacial Action 4 + + Longs Peak 4 + + Natural Beauties 5 + + Fauna and Flora 7 + + Automobile Trips 11 + + Denver Circle Trip 11 + + Bear Lake Road 14 + + Loop Trip 14 + + Longs Peak and Wild Basin Trip 14 + + Trail Trips 14 + + The Flattop Trail 15 + + Lawn Lake 15 + + Fern and Odessa Lakes 15 + + Romantic Loch Vale 18 + + Glacier Gorge 19 + + The Twin Sisters 19 + + Ascent of Longs Peak 19 + + Chasm Lake 20 + + Wild Basin 21 + + Grand Lake 21 + + What to Do 22 + + Fishing 22 + + Horseback Riding and Camping 23 + + Winter Sports 23 + + Administration 23 + + Naturalist Service 24 + + Public Campgrounds 24 + + Park Season 25 + + How to Reach the Park 25 + + All-Expense Circle Trips 26 + + Transportation in the Park 26 + + Accommodations and Expenses 27 + + Hotels and Lodges on Park Lands 27 + + Private Hotels, Cottages, and Camps 28 + + Distances to Principal Points of Interest 28 + + The Park's Mountain Peaks 32 + + References 35 + + Government Publications 37 + + + + +[Illustration: FERN LAKE, FLATTOP, LITTLE MATTERHORN] + + +ROCKY MOUNTAIN +_National Park_ + + +OPEN ALL YEAR + +ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK includes within its boundaries 405 square +miles, or 259,411 acres, of the Front Range of the Rockies in +north-central Colorado, about 50 miles in a straight line north-west of +Denver. It was established by the act of Congress approved January 26, +1915, and its boundaries adjusted by the acts of Congress approved +February 14, 1917, June 9, 1926, and June 21, 1930. Its eastern gateway +is the beautiful valley village of Estes Park, from which easy and +comfortable access is had up to the noblest heights and into the most +picturesque recesses of the mountains. + +Rocky Mountain National Park is by far the most accessible of our +national parks; that is, nearest to the large centers of population in +the East and Middle West. + + + + +LAND OF LOFTY MOUNTAINS + + +For many years the Front Range of the Rockies has been the mecca of the +mountain lovers of this country. The name conjures European ideas of +American mountain grandeur. The selection of this particular section, +with its magnificent and diversified scenic range, for national park +status, met with popular approval. + +It is splendidly representative. In nobility, in calm dignity, in the +sheer glory of stalwart beauty, there is no mountain group to excel the +company of snow-capped veterans of all the ages which stands at +everlasting parade behind its grim, helmeted captain, Longs Peak. + +There is probably no other scenic neighborhood of the first order which +combines mountain outlines so bold with a quality of beauty so intimate +and refined. Just to live in the valley in the eloquent and +ever-changing presence of these carved and tinted peaks is in itself +satisfaction. But to climb into their embrace, to know them in the +intimacy of their bare summits and their flowered glaciated gorges, is +to turn a new, unforgettable page in human experience. + + +[Illustration: BEAR LAKE, WITH MASSIVE LONGS PEAK IN THE BACKGROUND] + +_Shelk photo._ + + +This national park reaches lofty heights. The summer visitors who live +at the base of the great mountains are 8,000 feet, or more than a mile +and a half, above the level of the sea; while the mountains themselves +rise precipitously nearly a mile, and often even higher. Longs Peak, the +largest of them all, rises 14,255 feet above sea level, and most of the +other mountains in the Snowy Range, as it is sometimes called, are more +than 12,000 feet high; several are nearly as high as Longs Peak. + +The valleys on both sides of this range and those which penetrate into +its recesses are dotted with parklike glades clothed in a profusion of +glowing wild flowers and watered with streams from the mountain snows +and glaciers. Forests of evergreens and silver-stemmed aspen separate +them. + +This range was once a famous hunting ground for large game. Lord +Dunraven, a famous English sportsman, visited it to shoot its deer, +bear, and bighorn sheep, and acquired large holdings by purchase of +homesteadings and squatters' claims, much of which was reduced in the +contests that followed. + +The range lies, roughly speaking, north and south. The gentler slope is +on the west. On the east side the descent from the Continental Divide is +precipitous in the extreme. Sheer drops of two or three thousand feet +into rock-bound gorges carpeted with snow patches and wild flowers are +common. Seen from the east-side valleys this range rises in daring +relief, craggy in outline, snow spattered, awe inspiring. + +In the north-east corner lies a spur from the Continental Divide, the +Mummy Range, a tumbled majestic mountain mass which includes some of the +loftiest peaks and one of the finest glaciers. + +To the south of Longs Peak the country grows even wilder. The range is a +succession of superb peaks. The southern park boundary unfortunately +cuts arbitrarily through a superlative massing of noble snow-covered +summits. + +The west side, gentler in its slopes and less majestic in its mountain +massings, is a region of loveliness and wildness diversified by splendid +mountains, innumerable streams and lakes of great charm. Grand Lake, +which has railroad connections nearby, is one of the largest natural +lakes in Colorado and the deepest lake in this region. + +One of the striking features of Rocky Mountain National Park is the easy +accessibility of these mountain tops. One may mount a horse after early +breakfast in the valley, ride up Flattop to enjoy one of the great views +of the world, and be back for late luncheon. The hardy foot traveler may +make better time than the horse on these mountain trails. One may cross +the Continental Divide from the hotels of one side to the hotels of the +other between early breakfast and late dinner or motor between these +points via the Trail Ridge Road in 2 hours. + +The Trail Ridge Road, which crosses the Continental Divide, connects +Estes Park on the east side with Grand Lake on the west side. The road +reaches the unusual elevation of 12,183 feet above sea level. Another +road leads from the village of Estes Park up the Thompson River Valley +to the Bear Lake Entrance. It then follows up the valley of Glacier +Creek and ends at Bear Lake at the foot of Hallett Peak and Flattop +Mountain. + + + + +EASY TO STUDY GLACIAL ACTION + + +One of the remarkable features of Rocky Mountain National Park is the +legibility of the record left by the glaciers during the ages when +America was in the making. The evidences of glacial action, in all their +variety make themselves apparent to even the most casual eye. + +In fact, there is scarcely any part of the eastern side where some great +moraine does not force itself upon the attention. One enormous moraine +built up by an ancient glacier and rising with sloping sides nearly a +thousand feet above the valley is so prominent that Moraine Park is +named for it. From Longs Peak on the east side the Mills Moraine makes a +bold curve which instantly draws questions from visitors. + +There are several remnants of these mighty ice masses which can be seen +at the present time. Three of the largest ice fields, Andrews, Rowe, and +Tyndall Glaciers, are visited by many people each year, while the +smaller glaciers such as Taylor and Spragues have interest and charm. + +In short, this park itself is a primer of glacial geology whose lessons +are so simple, so plain to the eye, that they immediately disclose the +key to one of nature's scenic secrets. + + + + +LONGS PEAK + + +The greatest of all the mountains in the park, Longs Peak, has a massive +square head. It is a real architectural structure like an enormous +column of solid rock buttressed up on four sides with long rock ledges. +On the east side a precipice of 1,200 feet drops sheer from the summit +into the wildest lake that one can possibly imagine. It is called Chasm +Lake and there is only one month in the year when its surface is not at +least partially frozen. Mount Meeker and Mount Lady Washington enclose +it on the south and north, and snow fields edge its waters the year +round. + +In 1820 Maj. S.H. Long first saw the mountain that now bears his name. +The report of his expedition records that on June 30 of that year his +party caught their first glimpse of the Rocky Mountains, and +particularly noted one peak, which they referred to as "the highest +peak." Long's expedition followed up the valley of the Platte River, and +his closest approach to the peak was at a distance of about 40 miles. +Fremont found that the name Longs Peak was in general use among the fur +hunters and pioneers in 1842. The first recorded ascent was in 1868, +when it was climbed by W.N. Byers, Maj. J.W. Powell (who the following +year made the first passage of the Grand Canyon), and five other men. + + + + +NATURAL BEAUTIES + + +A distinguishing feature of Rocky Mountain National Park is its +profusion of precipice-walled canyons lying between the very feet, so to +speak, of the loftiest mountains. Their beauty is romantic to a high +degree. Like all the other spectacles of this favored region, they are +readily accessible from the valley villages by trail, either afoot or on +horseback. + +Usually several lakes are found, rock embedded, in such a gorge. +Ice-cold streams wander from lake to lake, watering wild-flower gardens +of luxuriance and beauty. However, the entire park is a garden of wild +flowers. From early June to late September, even into October, the +gorges and the meadows, the slopes, and even the loftier summits, bloom +with colors that change with the season. Blues, lilacs, and whites are +the earlier prevailing tints; yellow predominates as autumn approaches. + +There are few wilder and lovelier spots, for instance, than Loch Vale, +3,000 feet sheer below Taylor Peak. Adjoining it lies Glacier Gorge on +the precipitous western slope of Longs Peak and holding in its embrace a +group of lakelets. These, with lesser gorges cradling romantic Bear +Lake, picturesque Dream Lake, beautiful Fern Lake, and exquisite Odessa +Lake, and still others yet unnamed, constitute the Wild Gardens of the +Rocky Mountain National Park, lying in the angle north of Longs Peak; +while in the angle south lies a little known wilderness of lakes and +gorges called Wild Basin. + +At timberline, where the winter temperature and the fierce icy winds +make it impossible for trees to grow tall, the spruces lie flat on the +ground like vines; presently they give place to low birches, which, in +their turn, give place to small piney growths, and finally to tough, +straggling grass, hardy mosses, and tiny alpine flowers. Grass grows in +sheltered spots even on the highest peaks, which is fortunate for the +large curve-horned mountain sheep which seek these high, open places to +escape their special enemies, the mountain lions. Even at the highest +altitudes gorgeously colored wild flowers grow in glory and profusion in +sheltered gorges. Large and beautiful columbines are found in the lee of +protecting masses of snow banks and glaciers. + + +[Illustration: A HIGH COUNTRY LODGE] + +_Grant photo._ + + +Nowhere else is the timberline struggle between the trees and the winds +more grotesquely exemplified or its scene more easily accessible to +visitors of average climbing ability. The first sight of luxuriant +Engelmann spruces creeping close to the ground instead of rising 150 +feet or more straight and true as masts arouses keenest interest. Many +trees which defy the winter gales grow bent in half circles. Others, +starting straight in the shelter of some large rock, bend at right +angles where they emerge above. Others which have succeeded in lifting +their heads in spite of winds have not succeeded in growing branches in +any direction except in the lee of their trunks, and suggest big +evergreen dust brushes rather than spruces and firs. + +Above timberline the bare mountain masses rise from one to three +thousand feet, often in sheer precipices. Covered with snow in autumn, +winter, and spring, and plentifully spattered with snow all summer long, +the vast, bare granite masses, from which, in fact, the Rocky Mountains +got their name, are beautiful beyond description. They are rosy at +sunrise and sunset. During fair and sunny days they show all shades of +translucent grays and mauves and blues. In some lights they are almost +fairylike in their delicacy. But on stormy days they are cold and dark +and forbidding, burying their heads in gloomy clouds from which +sometimes they emerge covered with snow. + + + + +FAUNA AND FLORA + + +The national park is a sanctuary for wildlife. Animals and birds are +protected from hunting. Living trees may not be cut or injured. Flowers +may not be picked. The cooperation of visitors is requested, in order +that the wildlife of the park may be protected, that the flowers may +continue in their present abundance, and that the forests of the park +may not suffer injury from fire or other cause. + + +ANIMALS + +The lofty rocks are the natural home of the celebrated Rocky Mountain +sheep, or bighorn. This animal is much larger than any domestic sheep. +It is powerful and wonderfully agile. When fleeing from enemies these +sheep, even the lambs, make remarkable descents down seemingly +impossible slopes. They do not land on their curved horns, as many +persons declare, but upon their four feet held closely together. Landing +on some nearby ledge, which breaks their fall, they immediately plunge +downward again to another ledge, and so on till they reach good footing +in the valley below. They also ascend slopes surprisingly steep. They +are more agile even than the celebrated chamois of the Swiss Alps, and +are larger, more powerful, and much handsomer. A flock of a dozen or +more mountain sheep making their way along the volcanic flow which +constitutes Specimen Mountain in Rocky Mountain National Park is an +unforgettable sight. + +The beaver, whose dams and other structures, both old and new, found +along most streams at middle altitudes, are rarely seen except at night +or very early morning. Elk occur in numerous places, and deer which are +widely distributed are commonly seen. Coyotes and brown or black bear +are occasionally seen, but these, like the mountain lion, bobcat, and +small carnivorous animals, are not only rare, but so wary that they are +seldom seen by visitors. + +Among smaller animals, the most familiar are the marmot or woodchuck, +Freemont or pine squirrel, three kinds of chipmunks, and the interesting +little cony or pika, which lives among the rocks on high mountains and +is more often heard than seen. In all, over 60 species of mammals live +in the park. + + +[Illustration: ELK HERD GRAZING IN PARK MEADOW] + + +BIRDS + +The commonest species are the western robin, the beautiful mountain +bluebird, and, at middle elevations, the chickadee and junco. The hermit +thrush and the solitaire, generally classed among the finest songbirds +in the world, are both fairly common in suitable localities; and but +little inferior to these in musical performance are the purple finch, +ruby-crowned kinglet, western meadowlark, and rock and canyon wrens. The +graceful violet-green swallow is unsurpassed in beauty of form and +color, and the crested jay, magpie, and nutcracker are conspicuous for +their handsome appearance and vigorous flight. Among birds particularly +interesting because of curious and unusual habits are the broadtailed +hummingbird, water ouzel, campbird, nuthatch, nighthawk, and the +ptarmigan, pipit, and rosy finch of the high peaks. + +Although widely distributed through the park, birds are more numerous +along streams and near open marshes and meadows than in the dense forests. +About 100 species are found regularly in summer, and nearly 150 have been +recorded during the whole year. + + +FLOWERS + +This park is especially notable for the presence of the blue columbine +and many beautiful flowers of the gentian and primrose families; for the +profusion of dwarf alpine plants on the meadows above timberline; and for +the brilliance of certain species found in moist glades of the subalpine +zone. Striking examples of the latter are the tall blue larkspur and +monkshood, of many vivid hues, and the curious little red elephant. + +Conspicuous and characteristic flowers of the lower altitudes are the +mariposa lily, iris, wallflower, gaillardia, and numerous species of +cinquefoil, pentstemon, and evening primrose. Among the less common +groups, several delicate species of orchid, pyrola, violet, and anemone +will delight the botanist. Over 700 distinct species of flowering plants +have been collected within the park, and doubtless many more await +discovery and identification by the careful student. + + +TREES + +The principal trees are the Engelmann spruce, which forms extensive +primeval forests in the subalpine region, the lodgepole pine, the +prevailing tree of middle elevation, very common in second growth, and the +ponderosa pine, a large spreading tree, occurring mainly in the lower +valleys and foothills. The limber pine is frequent in high rocky places, +assuming picturesque forms at timberline, and the Douglas fir, or false +hemlock, is widely distributed, while the blue spruce and alpine fir are +confined to moist stream banks. In addition to the coniferous trees, there +are three species of poplar, of which the commonest is the well-known +quaking aspen, growing in scattered groves throughout the park. + + +[Illustration: ICEBERG LAKE FROM TRAIL RIDGE ROAD] + +_Clatworthy photo._ + + + + +AUTOMOBILE TRIPS + + +DENVER CIRCLE TRIP + +The Trail Ridge Road, which crosses the Continental Divide in Rocky +Mountain National Park, offers a grand circuit of Colorado's beauties +that forms one of the most attractive and impressive of the scenic +automobile trips of our country. + +The trip starts from Denver, crosses the Continental Divide at Milner +Pass in Rocky Mountain National Park, reaches Grand Lake, crosses the +Continental Divide again at Berthoud Pass, traverses the Denver Mountain +Parks, and returns to Denver, having completed without any duplication +240 miles of comfortable travel through magnificent country, full of +interest and variety; the trip can be made in 2 days or it can be +prolonged to suit individual time and inclination. It combines in one +trip half a dozen features, any one of which by itself would be worth +the journey. The Rocky Mountain Parks Transportation Co. operates daily +scheduled trips over this route during the summer season. + +On leaving Denver the road leads out Federal Boulevard, crosses +Westminster Heights, from which point there is an extensive view of the +Great Plains to the east and a panorama of the Front Range of the Rocky +Mountains to the west, stretching out before the eye from Pikes Peak to +Longs Peak, a rampart of mighty mountains, 125 miles from end to end. +The road then passes through a farming section, where irrigation has +turned what was once an arid plain into a richly productive district. +Fields of deep green alfalfa alternate with the waving wheat, and in the +fall of the year the harvesting and threshing add new life to the +landscape. Next is the town of Lafayette, where coal mining is the +principal industry, and then the road traverses a sugar-beet country. +Colorado is the sugar bowl of the United States, and here is one of the +regions where the beets are most successfully grown. At Longmont and +Loveland are large factories, where sugar is extracted from the beets +and refined for table use. At Loveland the road turns westward and soon +plunges into the precipitous canyon of the Thompson River, where it +follows the turns of the dashing stream, walled in by towering cliffs. +Then comes the village of Estes Park at the edge of Rocky Mountain +National Park and half surrounded by it. From the green of the +meadowland the eye follows the slope, up, up, up, over timbered hills +and rocky cliffs, past timberline to the crest of the Continental Divide +where snow lingers, and to Longs Peak. + +Continuing the journey, two routes lie open to the motorist. One of +these follows up the valley of Fall River, 2 miles beyond the Fall River +gateway, and then turns left over a portion of the Highdrive to the +beginning of the new Trail Ridge Road. + +The other road leads past the Government museum and information office +to Moraine Park and Deer Ridge, with a magnificent view of Longs Peak +and the Continental Divide. + +The Trail Ridge Road is the highest continuous automobile road in +America. Its 4-mile section over 12,000 feet in altitude is probably the +longest stretch of road ever built at such a height. The trip to Grand +Lake on this road is a never-to-be-forgotten experience. The road climbs +to the very crest of the range and then follows the ridge. Valleys and +parks lie thousands of feet below, rivers look like tiny silver threads, +and automobiles on the highways of the floor of the valley resemble +minute moving dots. + +To the south an unexcelled view of the most rugged portion of the Front +Range is spread out, while to the north, across Fall River Valley, the +view is dominated by the majestic Mummy Range, and the course of the old +Fall River Road may be traced as it zigzags up the slope of Mount Chapin +toward Fall River Pass. Over a 350-foot cliff one may look into +fascinating Iceberg Lake, a rock-bound crystal pool on which float +blocks of ice. + +A short distance beyond Iceberg Lake the highest point on the road is +reached, 12,183 feet above sea level; the road descending to Fall River +Pass, elevation 11,797 feet, which divides the waters of the Thompson +River from those of the Cache la Poudre. The view from this point is +unsurpassed. Below lie streams, valleys, forested slopes, and the realms +of civilization. All around are mountains and peaks, no longer towering +above but close at hand or seen across some mighty valley. One can +easily trace the work done by the glaciers during the ice age on these +mountain ranges; the broad U-shaped valleys and precipitous +amphitheaters or cirques at the head of the streams are the typical +glacial signs, written in bold letters on the landscape. To the south is +Trail Ridge. Iceberg Lake, walled in by cliffs, is only a mile distant, +though not in sight. To the west is Specimen Mountain, interesting +because of the variety of color in its volcanic rocks, geodes lined with +crystalline material, volcanic glass, and other curious formations. It +is also the home of the mountain sheep. + +Farther to the west lies the Medicine Bow Range, or, as the Indians so +picturesquely named it, the "Never Summer" range. Of its many peaks the +most prominent are Bowen, Nimbus, Red, Cumulus, Howard, Lead, and, +highest of all in this range, Mount Richthofen, 12,953 feet in +elevation. Strange as it may seem, Milner Pass lies below, and one +descends in order to cross the Continental Divide. The road drops down +into the forest zone, passes Poudre Lakes, and crosses Milner Pass at an +elevation of 10,759 feet. The Atlantic slope lies behind and, crossing +the backbone of the continent, one travels down the Pacific slope to the +headwaters of the Colorado River. The valley of the North Fork is hemmed +in by mountains. The Continental Divide makes a loop here and blocks +progress to the west, north, and east. The valley opens to the south, +however, and the road proceeds down the north fork of the Colorado +River. + +Grand Lake, the sapphire gem on the western edge of the national park, +is one of the largest and most beautifully situated lakes in the State. +It is a mile and a half in length and nearly a mile in width. Its clear, +cold water is of great depth. The lake lies at an elevation of 8,369 +feet and claims the highest yacht club in the world. The annual regatta +is an event of much interest. At the head of the lake Mount Craig rises +to a height of 12,005 feet, while Shadow Mountain, Bryant, Wescott, and +Mount Enentah are nearby. + +This is a point of concentration for park visitors where nearly +everybody spends at least one night. Fishing, boating, horseback riding, +and mountain climbing are some of the outdoor attractions. + +Leaving the lake, the road follows down the Colorado River, passes the +town of Granby, and commences the climb up a beautifully timbered valley +to Berthoud Pass. Here, close to timberline, the watershed between the +two oceans is again crossed. The road approaches near Georgetown, famed +for its railroad loop, and then passes through Idaho Springs, with its +hot springs and medicinal baths. Soon the valley of Clear Creek is left +behind and the climb to Bergen Park is made where the Denver Mountain +Parks are entered. In this region is Lookout Mountain, where Colonel +Cody, "Buffalo Bill", is buried, overlooking the plains he knew so well. + +From Wildcat Point there is a splendid view of foothills and plains, +with Denver some 12 or 14 miles away. + + +BEAR LAKE ROAD + +The Bear Lake Road passes the Glacier Basin public campground, 7 miles +from Estes Park, and then follows up the valley of Glacier Creek, +passing near Sprague's Lodge, and ends at Bear Lake, 12 miles from Estes +Park. This is one of the best roads within the park boundaries. Bear +Lake Lodge, on the eastern shore of the lake, offers good +accommodations. The trail to Loch Vale starts from the Bear Lake Road, +about 10 miles from Estes Park. From this trail or from Bear Lake the +hiker can reach some beautiful and scenic country, including Glacier +Gorge, Loch Vale, Dream Lake, and Tyndall Gorge. The trail to Fern Lake +and the Flattop Trail to Grand Lake may be conveniently reached from +Bear Lake. North Longs Peak Trail also leaves the road at this point. + + +LOOP TRIP + +One may combine portions of several roads by taking what is known as the +loop trip. Starting from Estes Park, the route follows the Fall River +Road up to Chasm Falls and back to Horseshoe Park, then over Deer Ridge +to Beaver and Moraine Parks, then a side trip up the Bear Lake Road and +back, returning to Estes Park by the Moraine Park Road. This loop trip +takes one by many of the hotels and other points of interest and offers +scenic views. The circuit of the Highdrive is 17 miles. Including the +trip to Bear Lake and other points, the distance is about 40 miles. + + +LONGS PEAK AND WILD BASIN TRIP + +The main road to the Longs Peak district comes in just east of the +village of Estes Park, skirting the east boundary of the park to its +south-east corner. It passes between Longs Peak and the Twin Sisters, a +detached area of the park on which a fire lookout is stationed, and +several of the finest foot trips in the park are accessible from this +road. + +Continuing in a southerly direction, the road skirts the eastern +boundary of the park and leads to Copeland Lodge on North St. Vrain +Creek. From this point a trail leads into Wild Basin, a very attractive +though less frequented portion of the park. + +The road continues to Allens Park, thence to Ward, Nederland, and +Boulder; another road leads down the South St. Vrain to Lyons. + + + + +TRAIL TRIPS + + +Travelers on trails are advised to secure the services of licensed +guides for all except the shortest trips. Besides insuring security, the +guide adds greatly to one's comfort and enjoyment. He knows the country +and its features of interest, and also has a general knowledge of the +trees and wild flowers. Information as to guides can be secured at the +park information office. + + +THE FLATTOP TRAIL + +The Flattop Trail crosses the Continental Divide between Estes Park +Village on the east and Grand Lake Village on the west. The 16-mile trip +may be made on horseback or on foot in 1 day, but it takes a seasoned +trail traveler to do it with pleasure. The trail starts at Bear Lake, +where horses may be rented, and climbs Bierstadt Moraine. It emerges +above timberline, overlooking Emerald Lake and Tyndall Glacier, and +commands spectacular views of Longs Peak and other mountains, both in +the park and in distant ranges. The grassy slopes above timberline, +bedecked with exquisite alpine flowers, afford good summer grazing for +elk and mountain sheep. + +After descending to timberline on the western slope, the trail leads +through evergreen forests, along the North Inlet to Grand Lake. + + +LAWN LAKE + +The glories of the Mummy Range, exemplified chiefly in Lawn Lake and +Rowe Glacier, may be seen from a trail starting from Horseshoe Park by +way of Roaring River. There is a shelter on beautiful Lawn Lake. This +lake, which has an area of 65 acres, lies at the bottom of the main +cirque at the head of Roaring River. It is one of the many glacial lakes +of the park, and lies just below timberline at an altitude of 10,950 +feet. + +The trip from Lawn Lake to Rowe Glacier is difficult but well worth +while. The glacier is the largest in the park. It is a great crescent of +ice partly surrounding a small lake. While the glacier is extremely +impressive, still it is small enough to permit a thorough examination +without undue fatigue. Hagues Peak is a resort of Rocky Mountain sheep +and ptarmigan. + + +FERN AND ODESSA LAKES + +The group of luxuriant canyons east of the Continental Divide and north +of the eastern spur which ends in Longs Peak is known as the "Wild +Gardens" in distinction from the corresponding and scarcely less +magnificent hollow south of Longs Peak, which is known as "Wild Basin." + +Of these canyons, one, the most gorgeous, frames two lakes of exquisite +beauty. The upper one, Odessa Lake, lies under the Continental Divide +and reflects snowy monsters in its still waters. The other, Fern Lake, a +mile below, is one of the loveliest examples of forest-bordered waters +in the Rockies. + +These lakes are reached by trail from Moraine Park. They constitute a +day's trip of memorable charm. Fern Lodge, located at the edge of the +lake, offers comfortable accommodations. Several splendid trips can be +taken on foot with Fern Lake as a starting point. Winter sports are held +here every year. Forest Inn, a camp located at the Pool, is close to the +Fern Lake trail. + +A trail connects Bear Lake with Odessa Lake. One of the finest trail +trips in the park is the circle trip from Bear Lake to Odessa Lake, and +thence to Fern Lake and Moraine Park. The distance from Bear Lake to the +Brinwood by this route is 9 miles, but a day is usually allowed for the +trip. + + +[Illustration: MAP OF ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK] + + +[Illustration: HALLETT PEAK, TYNDALL GLACIER, AND FLATTOP MOUNTAIN, +ACROSS BEAR LAKE] + +_Shelk photo._ + + +ROMANTIC LOCH VALE + +Within a right-angled bend of the Continental Divide lies a +glacier-watered, cliff-cradled valley which for sheer rocky wildness and +the glory of its flowers has few equals. At its head Taylor Peak lifts +itself precipitously 3,000 feet to a total height of more than 13,000 +feet, and from its western foot rises Otis Peak, of nearly equal +loftiness, the two carrying between them broken perpendicular walls +carved by the ages into fantastic shapes. One dent encloses Andrews +Glacier and lets its waters find the Loch. On the eastern side another +giant, Thatchtop, sheltering the Taylor Glacier, walls in the upper end +of Loch Vale. It is easily reached by a trail that leaves the Bear Lake +Road, 10 miles from Estes Park, or 1 mile below Bear Lake. + +In this wild embrace lies a valley 2 or 3 miles long ascending from the +richest of forests to the barren glacier. Through it tinkles Icy Brook, +stringing like jewels, three small lakes. Those who love to explore the +undeveloped and less frequented regions will enjoy the wild beauty and +impressive grandeur of Loch Vale. The Lake of Glass and Sky Pond, just +below Taylor Glacier, can be visited in a day's trip. Another wonderful +day can be spent in a trip to the foot of Andrews Glacier. + + +GLACIER GORGE + +One of the noblest gorges in any mountain range the world over lies +south of Loch Vale. It is reached from the Bear Lake Road, by the Loch +Vale trail, although there are no trails in the gorge. Above Lake Mills +the western wall of the gorge is formed by McHenrys Peak and Thatchtop; +its head lies in the hollow between the Continental Divide and Longs +Peak, with Chiefs Head and Pagoda looming on its horizon. Its eastern +wall is the long sharp northern buttress of Longs Peak itself. It is a +gorge of indescribable wildness. Lake Mills lies near the mouth of the +valley, Black Lake is toward the upper end, while Shelf Lake, Blue Lake, +and several others are perched on benches high above the valley floor. + +This gorge is magnificent and worth visiting. There is no trail to +Keyhole, on the great shoulder of Longs Peak, but the ascent can be +made. The canyon is luxuriantly covered in places with a large variety +of wild flowers. + + +THE TWIN SISTERS + +Nine miles south of the village of Estes Park, split by the boundary +line of the national park, rises the precipitous, picturesque, and very +craggy mountain called the "Twin Sisters", on which the park maintains a +fire lookout. Its elevation is 2,400 feet above the valley floor, which +is about 9,000 feet high. The trail leads by many zigzags to a peak from +which appears the finest view by far of Longs Peak and its guardians, +Mount Meeker and Mount Lady Washington. + +From the summit of the Twin Sisters an impressive view is also had of +the foothills east of the park, with glimpses beyond of the great plains +of eastern Colorado and many of their irrigating reservoirs. + + +ASCENT OF LONGS PEAK + +Of the many fascinating and delightful mountain climbs, the ascent of +Longs Peak is the most inspiring, and it is one of the most strenuous. +The great altitude of the mountain, 14,255 feet above sea level and more +than 5,000 feet above the valley floor, and its position well east of +the Continental Divide, affording a magnificent view back upon the +range, make it much the most spectacular viewpoint in the park. The +difficulty of the ascent also has its attractiveness. Longs Peak is the +big climb of the Rocky Mountain National Park. And yet the ascent is by +no means forbidding. One may go more than half-way by horseback. Over a +thousand men and women, and occasionally children, climb the peak each +season. Those making the Longs Peak trip should have strong, comfortable +shoes, stout warm clothing, and remember that cold or stormy weather is +sometimes encountered. + +The peak may be reached by either of two trails which lead to the +Boulder Field, the highest point on the climb to which horses may be +taken. The east trail, which begins near Longs Peak post office, 9 miles +south of Estes Park, winds up the slope of Battle Mountain, passes +timberline at an elevation of more than 11,000 feet, swings to the crest +of Mills Moraine, overlooking Chasm Gorge, then skirts the slope of +Mount Lady Washington, goes through Granite Pass, and leads to the +shelter cabin in the center of the Boulder Field, at an elevation of +12,700 feet, a distance of 6 miles. + +From Glacier Gorge Junction on the Bear Lake Road, the north trail winds +its way up the north slope of the peak through the great burn of 1900 +and joins the east trail at Granite Pass, a mile and a half below the +Boulder Field cabin. The distance to the Boulder Field by this trail is +9 miles. + +From the Boulder Field cabin the ascent to the summit may be made by +either of two routes. The north face route, which is the shorter, climbs +the precipitous north side of the summit, skirting along the rim of the +east precipice, with magnificent views down the sheer drop of 1,200 feet +into Chasm Lake in the gorge below. The Longs Peak climb includes the +hazards usual to any major mountain ascent. Visitors are cautioned that +use of the assisting cables on the North Face route is at their risk and +the Government is in no way responsible. The other route leads across +the Boulder Field to the Keyhole, half a mile distant and some 500 feet +higher, where there is a small storm shelter. + +On passing through the Keyhole, one sees the imposing Front Range, and +2,000 feet below the Glacier Gorge. To the left there is a narrow, +steeply inclined ice-filled gulch, called the Trough. Finally, after +what is to the amateur often an exhausting climb, one passes along the +Narrows, up a steep incline known as the Homestretch. + +The trip to the Keyhole is well worth while for those who do not care to +climb Longs Peak, but who do wish to see at close range the rugged +grandeur of the mountains. Another splendid foot trip from the Boulder +Field cabin is to Chasm View, half a mile distant, where one sees the +precipitous east face of Longs Peak, from the summit down to Chasm Lake, +2,500 feet below. + + +CHASM LAKE + +One may ride on horseback almost to Chasm Lake. The view from here is +magnificent, and the upper gorge is one of the most impressive in the +park. Both Chasm Lake and the Keyhole may be visited in a day. This is +an exceptionally fine trip, and if horses are used it is not difficult. + + +WILD BASIN + +The splendid Wild Basin area south of Longs Peak and east of the +Continental Divide is dotted with lakes of superb beauty in a sublime +mountain setting. It is entered from Copeland Lake by an unimproved road +up the North Fork of St. Vrain Creek, which soon lapses into a trail. +From mountain tops on the south may be had unsurpassed views of the +snowy mountains. The largest lakes of Wild Basin--Thunder Lake and +Bluebird Lake--are both above timberline but are easily accessible by +trails. + + +GRAND LAKE + +The North and East Inlets are the two principal rivers entering +beautiful Grand Lake. Each flows from cirques under the Continental +Divide. Lake Nokoni and Lake Nanita, among the most romantic of the +park, are reached from a trail connecting with both sides of the park by +the Flattop Trail. Lake Verna and her unnamed sisters are the beautiful +sources of the East Inlet and are reached by trail. + + +[Illustration: GRAND LAKE ON THE WESTERN EDGE OF THE PARK] + +_Grace photo._ + + +While not yet as celebrated as the showier and more populated east side, +the west side of Rocky Mountain National Park has rugged charm. The +Continental Divide, bent from the north and called the "Never Summer +Mountains", rises from the western shore of the Colorado River. On every +side the mountains lift bald peaks, magnificent canyons penetrate the +precipices of the Divide, and beautiful streams rush down the mountain +slopes to the river. + + + + +WHAT TO DO + + +There are few places which offer as many diversions as Rocky Mountain +National Park. The Estes Park Golf and Country Club has an excellent +18-hole golf course and a tennis court. Several hotels have croquet and +tennis courts. There is much motoring, horseback riding, fishing, and +hiking. The motorist may skirt the loftiest of snow-splashed mountains +for miles, or he may motor up the Trail Ridge Road and leave his car to +start afoot on mountain-top tramps and picnics, or across the +Continental Divide to Grand Lake. The horseback rider may find an +infinite variety of valley roads, trails, and cross-country courses, and +the hiker strike up the mountain trails into the rocky fastnesses. + + +[Illustration: A TYPICAL PARK SCENE] + + +FISHING + +Fishing is permitted in all streams and lakes of the park except as +closed by order of the superintendent. Information regarding closed +areas may be obtained at any ranger station. All of the lower streams +and lakes, and many of the lakes in the higher altitudes, are well +stocked with trout. The State of Colorado stocks the park waters, and, +therefore, a Colorado State license is required for males over 16 years +of age. These may be purchased in the villages of Grand Lake and Estes +Park. Fishing tackle can be purchased or rented from several stores in +the village of Estes Park. + +A fish hatchery, operated by the State of Colorado, is located on the +Fall River Road, 4 miles west of Estes Park. This hatchery supplies +about 1,000,000 trout fry every year to the streams and lakes of this +vicinity. The process of hatching and caring for the trout is explained +to visitors, and the hatchery has proved to be of interest to many +thousands each year. + + +HORSEBACK RIDING AND CAMPING + +At Estes Park and the smaller settlements nearby, and at Grand Lake, +horses and complete camping outfits may be had at reasonable rates. +General groceries and suitable equipment, including clothing and shoes, +can be purchased from the general stores in Estes Park Village. Saddle +horses may be rented at many of the hotels. There is much horseback +riding throughout the entire district. + +There are many competent guides in the vicinity who will arrange special +trips, either on foot or by saddle horse, and either stopping at hotels +or camping out, according to the preference of the party. A list of +authorized guides can be secured at the park information office. + + +WINTER SPORTS + +Rocky Mountain National Park has unusual advantages for winter sports, +interest in which is steadily increasing. The town of Estes Park is +readily accessible by automobile, and hotel accommodations are available +there every month in the year. The Rocky Mountain National Park Ski Club +has constructed ski courses near Estes Park where tournaments are held +periodically. Cross-country trips may be taken in the high mountainous +country where the snowfall is heavy and where good skiing conditions +prevail during the winter and early spring. Allens Park and Grand Lake +also have ski clubs and ski courses. Skijoring, snowshoeing, +tobogganing, and skating may also be enjoyed. + + + + +ADMINISTRATION + + +Rocky Mountain National Park is under the control and supervision of the +Director of the National Park Service, who is represented in the +administration of the park by a superintendent, assisted by a number of +park rangers who patrol the reservation. Thomas J. Allen, Jr., is +superintendent of the park, and his post office address is Estes Park, +Colo. + +Exclusive jurisdiction over the park was ceded to the United States by +act of the Colorado Legislature of February 19, 1929, and accepted by +Congress by act approved March 2, 1929. The United States commissioner +for the park may be reached through the superintendent's office. + +An information bureau is maintained at the national park museum building +in Estes Park to supply visitors with desired information regarding +accommodations, transportation schedules, foot trips, guides, and other +information relative to the park. + +The post office for the park and many hotels and resorts on the east +side is Estes Park, Colo. There are post offices at Longs Peak and +Allens Park, but letters addressed to Estes Park will be forwarded. The +west-side post office is at Grand Lake, Colo. + + +NATURALIST SERVICE + +Illustrated lectures are given at various points throughout the park and +vicinity each evening. Nature hikes, from a few hours to a day in +length, are conducted regularly. + +A museum of natural history containing interesting exhibits is located +near the office. An information office is maintained in the same +building, which dispenses road and general information. A small branch +museum is located at Fall River Pass. A museum of Indian and historical +material is located on the main highway in Moraine Park. + +A complete schedule of the week's activities is posted at all hotels, +lodges, and campgrounds. For detailed information inquire at the museum. +There is no charge for any of the above-mentioned activities. + + +PUBLIC CAMPGROUNDS + +The National Park Service maintains six free public campgrounds, as +follows: + +Squeaky Bob Campground, located on the Trail Ridge Road, 38 miles west +of Estes Park, and 12 miles north of Grand Lake. + +Glacier Basin Campground, located on the Bear Lake Road, 7 miles from +Estes Park. + +Aspenglen Campground, located on the Fall River Road, 5 miles from Estes +Park. + +Wild Basin Campground, 15 miles south of Estes Park on the North St. +Vrain Creek at the park boundary. + +Endovalley Campground, located on the Fall River Road, 9 miles from +Estes Park. + +Longs Peak Campground, located at the beginning of the east Longs Peak +Trail near Longs Peak post office. + +Motorists and others who bring camping equipment with them will find +that these campgrounds are attractive places in which to enjoy life in +the open. Both wood and water are readily available. + + + + +PARK SEASON + + +From June 15 to September 20 the hotels are open, daily transportation +service through the park is available, and the park may be explored most +conveniently and thoroughly. The roads to Estes Park, by way of Lyons +and the Thompson Canyon, remain open throughout the year and the village +has daily transportation and mail service. Some of the hotels in Estes +Park are open all the year. The national park is never closed to +visitors and every season offers its particular attractions. The autumn +coloring is remarkably beautiful. The aspens start to turn early in +September, and from that time until the middle of October the hillsides +are streaming in golden color. In the winter those who enjoy +snowshoeing, skiing, and other sports will find the park excellently +adapted to these invigorating pleasures. Those portions of the park +having an elevation of 9,000 feet or more are covered with a thick +blanket of snow during most of the winter months. In the spring one may +watch the snow line climb steadily up the slope of the mountains. Birds +and early flowers appear in the valleys while winter still reigns on the +higher mountains. + +The Trail Ridge Road remains open to travel until the first heavy +snowfall. This usually occurs in October, and the road is not passable +again before June 15. Other lower roads have a longer season, and even +in mid-winter one may usually go by automobile for 5 or 6 miles beyond +Estes Park Village before finding the roads closed by snow. + + + + +HOW TO REACH THE PARK + + +Denver, the gateway to the western national parks, is reached by the +Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe; Chicago, Burlington & Quincy; Rock Island & +Pacific; Colorado & Southern; Denver & Rio Grande Western; Denver & Salt +Lake; Union Pacific; and Missouri Pacific railroads. For information +regarding fares, service, etc., apply to railroad ticket agents. + +The Rocky Mountain Parks Transportation Co. operates regular daily +automobile service to the park from the following places: Denver, +leaving at 8:45 a.m. and 2:30 p.m.; Greeley, 9:15 a.m.; Fort Collins, +7:45 a.m.; Loveland, 9:50 a.m.; Longmont, 9:45 a.m.; Lyons, 11:30 a.m.; +Boulder, 9:35 a.m. Corresponding return service from Estes Park is +available, return trips for Denver starting from Estes Park at 8:15 a.m. +and 1:45 p.m. + +From June 15 to September 20 automobile connection is made at Granby, +Colo., for a tour of the park by way of Grand Lake and Estes Park to +Denver, leaving Granby at 12 noon daily. Auto service is available also, +leaving Grand Lake at 5:35 p.m. and arriving at Granby at 6:05 p.m. + +The United Airlines, operating 18-hour transcontinental service through +Cheyenne, connects with Wyoming Air Service for Denver, which in turn +connects at that point with the Rocky Mountain Parks Transportation Co. +service to the Rocky Mountain National Park. From the south, T.W.A., +Inc., and American Airlines, in their transcontinental services through +Albuquerque and El Paso, respectively, connect with Denver by the Varney +Speed Lines. + + + + +ALL-EXPENSE CIRCLE TRIPS + + +Five special all-expense tours from Denver to the park and return to +Denver are offered by the Rocky Mountain Parks Transportation Co. from +June 15 to September 20. Denver is about 85 miles from the park, and for +$16 (transportation cost only) you can make a 2-day trip, entering the +park through picturesque Big Thompson Canyon, crossing the Front Range +of the Rocky Mountains twice, and stopping at Grand Lake, Estes Park, +Clear Creek Canyon, Idaho Springs, and Lookout Mountain. This tour +affords fine panoramas of the Rocky Mountains from elevations above +12,000 feet. Another 2-day tour follows the same route but includes +lunch at Estes Park, dinner, night's lodging, and breakfast at Grand +Lake Lodge, and lunch the second day at Idaho Springs. The cost is $22. + +The 3-day tour is leisurely enough to permit the traveler to spend a +night at Estes Park Chalets and 1 at Grand Lake Lodge. The cost is $27, +including meals and lodging. The 4-day trip includes 2 nights at Estes +Park Chalets and 2 at Grand Lake Lodge; the cost is $32. On the 6-day +trip which costs $44, 3 days are spent at Estes Park Chalets and 3 at +Grand Lake Lodge. These tours are leisurely and permit ample time for +fishing, horseback riding, or hiking. + +Tours similar to the above, but connecting with the Denver & Rio Grande +Western Railroad at Granby, are available at the same rates. Special +all-expense tours from Granby, through the park, to Estes Park and +Denver are available also at similar rates. + + + + +TRANSPORTATION IN THE PARK + + +The traveler who has no car available or does not wish to drive his own +machine in the mountains may take advantage of the special trips offered +from June 15 to September 20 by the Rocky Mountain Parks Transportation +Co. at Estes Park. The Trail Ridge, Fall River, and Highdrive loop trip +of about 50 miles costs $5 and requires about 4 hours. One can go in the +morning, leaving at 8:30 o'clock, or in the afternoon at 2. The Estes +Park-Grand Lake trip of about 47 miles costs $5 one way and $8 for a +round trip. One can leave Estes Park at 8:45 a.m. or 2:30 p.m. Two +other daily loop trips are made from Estes Park for $4 a person. Stops +are made at the Fish Hatchery, Horseshoe Park, Fall River Lodge, Fern +Lake Trail, Brinwood Hotel, Stead's Hotel, Glacier Basin, Bear Lake, +Sprague's Lodge, and the Y.M.C.A. Cars leave Estes Park at 8 a.m. and 2 +p.m. Proportionate charges are made for anyone not desiring to make the +entire trip. Between September 20 and June 15 these rates apply only +when four or more passengers make the trip. + +Touring-car service is also available at 30 cents a mile for two +passengers, 40 cents for three, 50 cents for four, and 10 cents a mile +for each additional passenger. Waiting time costs $3 an hour. + +Passenger and freight service within the park is operated by the Rocky +Mountain Parks Transportation Co. under a franchise from the Secretary +of the Interior, with rates approved by him. + + + + +ACCOMMODATIONS AND EXPENSES + + +The seven hotel and lodge operations in Rocky Mountain National Park are +conducted with private capital under franchise from the Secretary of the +Interior at rates subject to his approval. + +This booklet is issued once a year and the rates mentioned herein may +have changed slightly since issuance, but the latest rates approved by +the Secretary are on file with the superintendent. + + +HOTELS AND LODGES ON PARK LANDS + +_=Bear Lake Lodge=_, located on Bear Lake, offers cabin accommodations, +ranging in price from $2.50 to $3.50 a day and $15 to $20 a week. Meals: +Breakfast, a la carte; luncheon, 65 cents to $1; dinner, $1 to $1.50. +Rates, American plan, range from $4.25 to $6 a day and $26.50 to $34 a +week. + +_=Fern Lodge=_, on Fern Lake, offers cabin accommodations, without bath, +American plan only, at the same rates charged at Bear Lake Lodge. + +_=Forest Inn=_, located at "The Pool" on Fern Lake Trail, offers board +and lodging (tents) at prices from $3 to $4 a day and $15 to $20 a week. +For cabin accommodations the charge is from $4 to $5 a day, and $20 to +$25 a week. Single meals are 75 cents each. + +_=Grand Lake Lodge=_, near Grand Lake, open from June 15 to September +20, operates on the American plan and rates are from $5 to $7 a day; +weekly rates 10-percent reduction of daily rates. Single meals: +Breakfast, 75 cents; luncheon, $1; dinner, $1.25. + +_=Brinwood Hotel=_, at the head of Moraine Park, offers American-plan +service at from $3.50 to $6.50 a day and $21 to $40 a week. Saddle +horses may be rented at $2.50 a half day, $4 a day, $21 a week, and $75 +a month. + +_=Camp Woods=_, at the junction of Bear Lake and Moraine Park roads +offers housekeeping cottages at from $2.50 a day for two persons to $6 a +day for six persons. By the week: From $14 for two persons to $35 for +six. By the month: From $45 for two persons to $60 for five persons. + +_=Sprague's Lodge=_, in the Glacier Basin, provides American-plan +accommodations at the following rates: By the day, $4 to $6; by the +week, from $24.50 to $40; 4 weeks, $84 to $133. + + +PRIVATE HOTELS, COTTAGES, AND CAMPS + +There are many hotels, lodges, and camps located on private lands in or +adjacent to the park. The National Park Service exercises no control +over the rates and operations of these hotels. Furnished cottages may be +rented in Estes Park, Grand Lake, and elsewhere on private lands in or +adjacent to the national park. Information concerning hotels and +cottages not under the control of the National Park Service may be +obtained by writing the Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, Estes +Park, Colo., or the president of the Grand Lake Commercial Club, Grand +Lake, Colo. + + + + +DISTANCES TO PRINCIPAL POINTS OF INTEREST + +ONE-HALF-DAY TRIPS FROM ESTES PARK VILLAGE +[Elevation 7,547 feet. No guide needed except for no. 5] + + --------------+---------+-----+-----+------------------+---------------------- + | |Miles| | | + | |from |Days |Remarks | + Trips |Elevation|Estes|round|(one-way | Description + | |Park |trip |distances) | + --------------+---------+-----+-----+------------------+---------------------- + | _Feet_ | | | | + 1. Gem Lake | 8,700 | 4 | 1/2| 2 miles by auto, | Good trip with + | | | | by horse or on | distant view of Longs + | | | | foot. | Peak from top. + | | | | | + 2. Prospect | 8,896 | 2 | 1/2| 2 miles on foot | Excellent panorama of + Mountain. | | | | | range and Estes Park + | | | | | Valley. + | | | | | + 3. Old Man | 8,300 |1-1/2| 1/4| 3/4 mile by auto;| Good snappy climb, + Mountain. | | | -1/2| 3/4 on foot. | with view of village + | | | | | and park. + | | | | | + 4. Deer | 10,028 | 4 |1/2-1| 4 miles by horse | Auto can be taken to + Mountain. | | | | or on foot. | top of Deer Ridge + | | | | | and mountain climbed + | | | | | from there. + | | | | | + 5. Wonder | 8,600 |5-1/2|1/2-1| 2 miles by auto; | Interesting examples + Basin. | | | | 3-1/2 on foot. | of erosion. + --------------+---------+-----+-----+------------------+---------------------- + + +ONE-DAY TRIPS FROM ESTES PARK VILLAGE + +[Elevation 7,547 feet. Guide recommended for all trips, but not necessary +except for no. 14] + + --------------+---------+------+-----+------------------+--------------------- + | | Miles| | | + | | from |Days |Remarks | + Trips |Elevation| Estes|round|(one-way | Description + | | Park |trip |distances) | + --------------+---------+------+-----+------------------+--------------------- + | _Feet_ | | | | + 1. Flattop | 12,300 | 15 | 1 | 11 miles by auto;| Excellent horseback + Mountain. | | | | 4-1/2 by horse | or foot-trail trip + | | | | or on foot. | to Continental + | | | | | Divide. + | | | | | + 2. Bear Lake. | 9,485 | 11 | 1/2 | 11 miles by auto.| Glacial Lake. + | | | | | Fishing. + | | | | | + 3. Mill Creek.| 8,800 | 7 | 1/2 | 6 miles by auto; | Former ranger + | | | | 1 by horse or on| station. + | | | | foot. | + | | | | | + 4. Cub Lake | 9,350 | 9-1/2| 1/2 | 6 miles by auto; | Wooded mountain + Trail. | | | | 3-1/2 by horse | trail. + | | | | or on foot. | + | | | | | + 5. Fern Lake. | 9,550 |11-1/2| 1 | 6 miles by auto; | Beautiful wooded + | | | | 5-1/2 by horse | trail; heavy forest; + | | | | or on foot. | lake with wonderful + | | | | | setting. + | | | | | + 6. Odessa | 10,000 | 12 | 1 or| 6 miles by auto; | Lake of spectacular + Lake. | | | 2 | 6-1/2 by horse | alpine beauty. + | | | | or on foot. | Flowers and snow. + | | | | | + 7. Bierstadt | 9,350 | 9-1/2| 1/2 | 8 miles by auto; | On huge moraine in + Lake. | | | | 1-1/2 by horse | heavy timber. View + | | | | or on foot. | of range. + | | | | | + 8. Loch Vale. | 10,250 | 12 | 1/2 | 10 miles by auto;| Remarkable glacial + | | | | 2-1/2 by horse | evidence; + | | | | or on foot. | fire-killed forest; + | | | | | lake of unusual + | | | | | alpine beauty. + | | | | | + 9. Storm Pass | 10,350 | 11 | 1 | 9 miles by auto; | Moraine; timberline + | | | | 2 by horse or on| growth. + | | | | foot to pass; | + | | | | 6-1/4 miles to | + | | | | Bear Lake road. | + | | | | | + 10. Lily Lake | 8,975 | 8 | 1 | 6 miles by auto; | Beautiful aspen and + (via Wind | | | | 2 by horse or on| blue-spruce trail. + River). | | | | foot. | + | | | | | + 11. Ypsilon | 10,550 | 12 | 1 | 8 miles by auto; | Wild trail to + Lake. | | | | 4 by horse or on| glacial lake under + | | | | foot. | precipices of Mount + | | | | | Ypsilon. + | | | | | + 12. Lawn Lake.| 10,950 |14-1/4| 1 | 8 miles by auto; | Good mountain trip + | | | | 6-1/4 by horse | of varying interest. + | | | | or on foot. | Fall fishing. + | | | | | + 13. Crystal | 11,450 | 16 | 1 or| 8 miles by auto; | Timberline; glacial + Lake. | | | 2 | 7-1/2 by horse | lake in glacial + | | | | or on foot; 1/2 | cirque. + | | | | on foot. | + | | | | | + 14. Rowe | 13,200 |17-1/2| 1 or| 8 miles by auto; | Largest glacier in + Glacier. | | | 2 | 7-1/2 by horse | park. Great mountain + | | | | or on foot; 2 | view. + | | | | on foot. | + | | | | | + 15. Specimen | 12,482 |24 |1 or | 22 miles by auto;| Interesting volcanic + Mountain. | | | 2 | 2 by horse or on | formations. Mountain + | | | | foot. | sheep. + | | | | | + 16. Twin | 11,436 |12 | 1 | 8-1/2 miles by | National Park + Sisters | | | | auto; 3-1/2 by | Service fire + and | | | | horse or on foot.| lookout. View of + Lookout. | | | | | entire country. + | | | | | + 17. Chasm | 11,850 |14-1/4| 1 | 10 miles by auto;| Timberline; terrific + Lake. | | | | 4 by horse or on | glacial work; high + | | | |foot; 1/4 on foot.| perpendicular + | | | | | precipices. + | | | | | + 18. Hallett | 12,725 |15-1/2| 1 | 11 miles by auto;| Short stiff climb. + Peak. | | | | 4-1/2 by horse or| Expansive view of + | | | | on foot; 1/2 on | hundreds of square + | | | | foot. | miles of country. + | | | | | + 19. The | 13,214 |17-1/2| 1 | 10 miles by auto;| Spectacular views of + Keyhole. | | | | 7 by horse or | Glacier Gorge and + | | | | on foot; 1/2 on | Longs Peak. + | | | | foot. | + --------------+---------+------+-----+------------------+--------------------- + +The above trips may be combined as follows: 1, 2, and 3; 1 and 18; 2, 5, +and 6; 3 and 4; 4, 5, and 6; 9 and 10; 11 and 12; 12, 13, and 14; 17 and 19. + + +[Illustration: MOUNT MEEKER AND LONGS PEAK] + +_Grant Photo._ + + + TRIPS FROM GRAND LAKE + --------------------------+---------+-----+-----+----------------------------- + | |Miles|Days | + Trips |Elevation| one |round| Remarks + | | way |trip | + --------------------------+---------+-----+-----+----------------------------- + | Feet | | | + 1. Cascade Falls | 9,000 | 4 | 1/2 | 4 miles by horse or on foot. + | | | | + 2. Flattop shelter cabin | 10,500 | 10 | 1 | 10 miles by horse or + | | | | on foot. + | | | | + 3. Lake Nanita | 10,750 | 10 | 1 | Do. + Lake Nokoni | 10,850 | 11 | 1 | Do. + | | | | + 4. Bench Lake | 10,923 | 12 | 1 | 10 miles by horse; + | | | | 2 on foot. + | | | | + 5. Flattop Mountain | 12,300 | 12 | 1 | 12 miles by horse or + | | | | on foot. + | | | | + 6. Adams Falls | 9,000 | 2 | 1/2 | 2 miles by horse or on foot. + | | | | + 7. Shadow Mountain | 10,100 | 3 | 1/2 | 3 miles by horse or on foot. + | | | | + 8. Lake Verna | 10,150 | 8 | 1 | 8 miles by horse or on foot. + | | | | + 9. Hell Canyon Pass | 11,400 | 13 | 2 | 8 miles by horse; 5 on foot. + | | | | + 10. Colorado River trail | 8,500 | 5 | 1/2 | 5 miles by horse or on foot. + | | | | + 11. North Fork Road | 9,038 | 13 | 1 | 13 miles by horse, on foot, + | | | | or by auto. + | | | | + 12. Phantom Valley Ranch | 9,000 | 13 | 1 | Do. + | | | | + 13. Milner Pass | 10,759 | 18 | 1 | 18 miles by horse, on foot, + | | | | or by auto. + | | | | + 14. Tonahutu Creek, Big | 9,385 | 5 | 1/2 | 5 miles by horse or on foot. + Meadows | | | | + | | | | + 15. Columbine Lake | 8,600 | 3 | 1/2 | 3 miles by horse, on foot, + | | | | or by auto. + | | | | + 16. Fall River Road to | 11,797 | 22 | 1/2 | 22 miles by horse, on foot, + Continental Divide | | | | or by auto. + and Fall River Pass | | | | + | | | | + 17. Estes Park | 7,547 | 47 | 1 | 47 miles by horse or auto. + | | | | + --------------------------+---------+-----+-----+---------------------------- + + + OTHER TRIPS IN ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK + + [Guide recommended on all these trips] + + ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------- + Trips | Starting point + ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------- + 1. Chasm Lake--Longs Peak | Longs Peak post + | office. + | + 2. Glacier Gorge--Lakes Mills, Black, Blue, and Shelf | Glacier Basin. + | + 3. Glass Lake--Sky Pond--Taylor Glacier | Do. + | + 4. Loch Vale--Andrews Glacier--Otis Peak--Otis | Do. + Gorge--Lake Haiyaha--Nymph Lake--Bear Lake | + | + 5. Nymph Lake--Dream Lake--Emerald Lake--Tyndall | Bear Lake. + Gorge--Tyndall Glacier--Flattop Mountain | + | + 6. Fern Lake--Odessa Lake--Flattop Mountain--Tyndall | Fern Lake. + Glacier--Hallett Peak--Continental | + Divide--Tourmaline Gorge | + | + 7. Spruce Lake--Spruce Canyon--Hourglass and Rainbow | Do. + Lakes--Sprague Glacier--Continental | + Divide--Tourmaline Lake and Gorge--Odessa and | + Fern Lakes | + | + 8. The Pool--Forest Canyon | The Pool. + | + 9. Wild Basin | Copeland Lake. + | + 10. Top of road on Continental Divide--Mount | Estes Park. + Ida--Gorge Lakes--Forest Canyon--The Pool | + | + 11. Fall River Road--Chapin Pass--Mounts Chiquita, | Do. + Ypsilon, and Chapin--Bill Currence's trail | + | + 12. Fall River Pass--Cache la Poudre River--Down to | Do. + mouth of Hague Creek--Up to Chapin Creek to | + Chapin Pass--Fall River Road | + | + 13. Horseshoe Park--Lawn Lake--"The Saddle"--Cascade | Horseshoe Park. + Creek--Mouth of Hague Creek back as trip no. 12 | + | + 14. Fall River Road to Chapin Pass--Chapin Creek and | Estes Park. + Cache la Poudre to mouth of Hague Creek--Boundary | + of park to La Poudre Pass--Headwaters of Colorado | + River--Phantom Valley Ranch | + | + 15. Trail Ridge--Continental Divide--Phantom Valley | Do. + Ranch | + | + 16. Phantom Valley Ranch--Headwaters of Colorado | Phantom Valley + River--Thunder Pass and Thunder Mountain | Ranch. + | + 17. Mount Richthofen | Do. + | + 18. Specimen Mountain | Do. + | + 19. Eight or more good climbs in the Never Summer | Do. + Range | + | + 20. Flattop Mountain--Tyndall Glacier--Andrews | Estes Park. + Glacier--Flattop shelter cabin--Lakes Nanita | + and Nokoni | + | + 21. North Inlet to source--Mount Alice--Wild Basin | Flattop shelter cabin. + | + 22. Grand Lake via Phantom Valley Ranch | Estes Park. + | + 23. Grand Lake via Flattop | Do. + ------------------------------------------------------+----------------------- + + + + + THE PARK'S MOUNTAIN PEAKS + + PEAKS IN THE GRAND LAKE BASIN + + _Altitude in feet_ _Altitude in feet_ + Snowdrift Peak 12,280 Mount Cairns 10,800 + Nakai Peak 12,221 Mount Wescott 10,400 + Mount Patterson 11,400 Shadow Mountain 10,100 + Nisa Mountain 10,791 Mount Bryant 11,000 + Mount Enentah 10,737 Mount Acoma 10,500 + + +PEAKS IN THE NEVER SUMMER RANGE (CONTINENTAL DIVIDE), NORTH TO SOUTH + + _Elevation in feet_ _Elevation in feet_ + Thunder Mountain 11,700 Red Mountain 11,505 + Mount Richthofen 12,953 Mount Nimbus 12,730 + Lead Mountain 12,532 Baker Mountain 12,406 + Mount Cirrus 12,804 Parika Peak[1] 12,400 + Howard Mountain 12,814 Bowen Mountain[1] 12,541 + Mount Cumulus 12,724 Cascade Mountain[1] 12,320 + +[Footnote 1: Not within park boundaries.] + + +PEAKS OF THE MUMMY RANGE NORTH-EAST OF THE CONTINENTAL DIVIDE FROM +FALL RIVER NORTH + + _Altitude in feet_ _Altitude in feet_ + Mount Chapin 12,458 Mount Dunraven 12,548 + Mount Chiquita 13,052 Mount Dickinson 11,874 + Ypsilon Mountain 13,507 Mount Tileston 11,244 + Mount Fairchild 13,502 Bighorn Mountain 11,473 + Hagues Peak 13,562 McGregor Mountain 10,482 + Mummy Mountain 13,413 The Needles 10,075 + + +FRONT RANGE PEAKS FOLLOWING THE LINE OF THE CONTINENTAL DIVIDE +NORTH TO SOUTH + + -----------------+--------------------+-----------------------+----------- + A little west | On the Continental | A little east | Altitude + of the Divide | Divide | of the Divide | + -----------------+--------------------+-----------------------+----------- + | | | _Feet_ + | Specimen Mountain | | 12,482 + Shipler Mountain | | | 11,400 + | | Trail Ridge | 12,400 + | Mount Ida | | 12,700 + | | Terra Tomah Mountain | 12,686 + | | Mount Julian | 12,928 + | | Stones Peak | 12,928 + | Flattop Mountain | | 12,300 + | Hallett Peak | | 12,725 + | Otis Peak | | 12,478 + | Taylor Peak | | 13,150 + | | Thatchtop | 12,600 + | McHenrys Peak | | 13,300 + | | Storm Peak | 13,335 + | | Chiefs Head | 13,579 + | | Pagoda | 13,491 + | | Longs Peak | 14,255 + | | Mount Lady Washington | 13,269 + | | Mount Meeker | 13,911 + | Mount Alice | | 13,310 + Andrews Peak | | | 12,564 + | | Tanina Peak | 12,417 + Mount Craig | | | 12,005 + | | Mahana Peak | 12,629 + | Ouzel Peak | | 12,600 + Mount Adams | | | 12,115 + | | Deer Mountain | 10,028 + | | Twin Sisters | 11,436 + | | Estes Cone | 11,017 + | | Battle Mountain | 11,930 + | | Lookout | 10,744 + | | Mount Orton | 11,682 + | | Meadow Mountain | 11,634 + | | Mount Copeland | 13,176 + -----------------+--------------------+-----------------------+---------- + +The tables on the preceding pages show that there are 65 named mountains +within the area of the park that reach altitudes of over 10,000 feet +grouped as follows: + + Over 14,000 feet 1 + Between 13,000 and 14,000 feet 14 + Between 12,000 and 13,000 feet 27 + Between 11,000 and 12,000 feet 13 + Between 10,000 and 11,000 feet 10 + + +[Illustration: ROMANTIC LOCH VALE] + +_Shelk photo._ + + + + +REFERENCES + +ALBRIGHT, HORACE M., and TAYLOR, FRANK J. +Oh, Ranger! A book about the national parks. Illustrated. + +BIRD, ISABELLA L. A Lady's Life in the Rocky Mountains. +1890. 296 pp., illustrated. G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York. + +BISHOP, MRS. ISABELLA L. (See Bird, Isabella L.) + +BOYER, WARREN E. Vanishing Trails of Romance. +1923. 94 pp., illustrated. + +CHAPIN, FREDERICK H. Mountaineering in Colorado. +1890. 168 pp., illustrated. W.B. Clark, Boston, Mass. + +FARIS, JOHN T.: + + Roaming the Rockies. 1930. Farrar & Rinehart. 333 pp., illustrated. + Rocky Mountain National Park on pp. 228-246. + + Roaming American Playgrounds. 1934. 331 pp., illustrated. + Farrar & Rinehart. Rocky Mountain National Park on pp. 129-131. + + +FROTHINGHAM, ROBERT. Trails Through the Golden West. Robert M. McBride, +New York. + +HART, JOHN L. JEROME. Fourteen Thousand Feet. +2d ed., 1931. Colorado Mountain Club, Denver. 71 pp. + +HEWES, CHARLES EDWIN. Songs of the Rockies. +1914. 129 pp., illustrated. Edgerton. + +JACKSON, WILLIAM H., and DRIGGS, H.R. The Pioneer Photographer. +1929. Rocky Mountain National Park on pp. 143-152. + +JEFFERS, LE ROY. The Call of the Mountains. 282 pp., illustrated. +Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. Rocky Mountain National Park +on pp. 87-95; 262. + +KANE, F.J. Picturesque America, Its Parks and Playgrounds. +Published by Frederick Gumbrecht, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1925. 521 pp., +illustrated. Rocky Mountain National Park on pp. 157-176. + +LONGYEAR, BURTON O.: + + Trees and Shrubs of the Rocky Mountain Region. 1927. 244 pp., + illustrated. + G.P. Putnam's Sons, New York. + + Evergreens of Colorado. 1925. 82 pp., illustrated. + Multigraph Service Bureau, Fort Collins, Colo. + + +MILLS, ENOS A.: + + Wild Life on the Rockies. 1909. 263 pp., illustrated. Houghton, Boston. + + The Spell of the Rockies. 1911. 348 pp., illustrated. Houghton, Boston. + + In Beaver World. 1913. 223 pp., illustrated. Houghton, Boston. + + The Story of a Thousand Year Pine. 1914. 38 pp., illustrated. + Houghton, Boston. + + Rocky Mountain Wonderland. 1915. 362 pp., illustrated, map. + Houghton, Boston. + + The Story of Scotch. 1916. 63 pp., illustrated. Houghton, Boston. + + Your National Parks. 1917. 532 pp., illustrated. Houghton, Boston. + + The Grizzly, Our Greatest Wild Animal. 1919. 284 pp., illustrated. + Houghton, Boston. + + Adventures of a Nature Guide. 1920. 271 pp., illustrated. + Houghton, Boston. + + Waiting in the Wilderness. 1921. 241 pp., illustrated. Houghton, Boston. + + Watched by Wild Animals. 1922. 243 pp., illustrated. Houghton, Boston. + + Wild Animal Homesteads. 1923. 259 pp., illustrated. Houghton, Boston. + + The Rocky Mountain National Park. 1924. 239 pp., illustrated. + Houghton, Boston. + + Romance of Geology. 1926. 245 pp., illustrated. Houghton, Boston. + + Bird Memories of the Rockies. 1931. 263 pp., illustrated. + Houghton, Boston. + + +MILLS, JOE. A Mountain Boyhood. 286 pp. 1926. Sears. + +QUINNE, VERNON. Beautiful America. 333 pp., illustrated. +Frederick A. Stokes Co., New York City. 1923. Rocky Mountain National +Park on pp. 260-262. + +RENSCH, H.E. Historical Background for the Rocky Mountain National Park. +1935. 42 pp. Rocky Mountain Nature Association. + +ROLFE, MARY A. Our National Parks. Book One. +1927. 320 pp., illustrated. Benj. H. Sanborn Co., Chicago. + +YARD, ROBERT STERLING: + + The Top of the Continent. 1917. 244 pp., illustrated. + Scribners. Rocky Mountain National Park on pp. 16-43. + + The Book of the National Parks. 1926. 444 pp., + 74 illustrations, 14 maps and diagrams. + Scribners. Rocky Mountain National Park on pp. 93-117. + + +WILBUR, RAY LYMAN, and DU PUY, WILLIAM ATHERTON. +Conservation in the Department of the Interior. +Chapter on national parks, pp. 96-112. Illustrated. +Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 1931. + +YEAGER, DORR G.: + + Bob Flame, Rocky Mountain Ranger. 1935. Illustrated. + Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. + + Scarface, the Story of a Grizzly. 1935. Illustrated. Penn, Phila. + + +YELM, BETTY, and BEALS, RALPH L. Indians of the Park Region. +1934. 52 pp. Rocky Mountain Nature Association. + + +[Illustration: SHEER PEAKS RISE ABOVE PICTURESQUE DREAM LAKE] + + + + +GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS + +_=Glimpses of Our National Parks.=_ An illustrated booklet containing +descriptions of the national parks. Address the Director, National Park +Service, Washington, D.C. Free. + +_=Recreational Map.=_ Shows both Federal and State reservations with +recreational opportunities throughout the United States. Brief +descriptions of principal ones. Address as above. Free. + +_=Automobile Road Map of Rocky Mountain National Park.=_ Shows road and +trail system, hotels, camps, garages, superintendent's office, and +approaches to the park. Distributed free in the park only. + +_=National Parks Portfolio.=_ By Robert Sterling Yard. Cloth bound and +illustrated with more than 300 beautiful photographs of the national +parks. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. Price, $1.50. + +_=Plants of Rocky Mountain National Park.=_ By Ruth E. Ashton. 157 +pages. 100 illustrations. A guide to the flowers of the park with keys +for their identification. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. +25 cents. + +_=The Geologic Story of Rocky Mountain National Park.=_ By Willis T. +Lee. 89 pages. 101 illustrations. Superintendent of Documents, +Washington, D.C. 50 cents. + +_=Fauna of the National Parks. Series No. 1.=_ By G.M. Wright, J.S. +Dixon, and B.H. Thompson. Survey of wildlife conditions in the national +parks. Illustrated. Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. 20 +cents. + +_=Fauna of the National Parks. Series No. 2.=_ By G.M. Wright and B.H. +Thompson. Wildlife management in the national parks. Superintendent of +Documents, Washington, D.C. 20 cents. + +Booklets about the national parks listed below may be obtained free of +charge by writing to the Director, National Park Service, Washington, +D.C.: + + + Acadia, Maine. + Carlsbad Caverns, N. Mex. + Crater Lake, Oreg. + General Grant, Calif. + Glacier, Mont. + Grand Canyon, Ariz. + Grant Teton, Wyo. + Great Smoky Mountains, N.C.-Tenn. + Hawaii, Hawaii. + Hot Springs, Ark. + Lassen Volcanic, Calif. + Mesa Verde, Colo. + Mount McKinley, Alaska. + Mount Rainier, Wash. + National Capital Parks, Washington, D.C. + Platt, Okla. + Sequoia, Calif. + Wind Cave, S. Dak. + Yellowstone, Wyo.-Idaho-Mont. + Yosemite, Calif. + Zion and Bryce Canyon, Utah. + + +[Illustration: AREAS ADMINISTERED BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE] + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Rocky Mountain [Colorado] National Park, by +United States Dept. of the Interior + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ROCKY MOUNTAIN NATIONAL PARK *** + +***** This file should be named 37918.txt or 37918.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/9/1/37918/ + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Steven Brown and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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