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diff --git a/37916-h/37916-h.htm b/37916-h/37916-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7c5cacc --- /dev/null +++ b/37916-h/37916-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,4083 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Star People, by Gaylord Johnson. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + +body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + +h1,h2 {text-align: center; clear: both; font-weight: normal; + margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + +h1 {font-size: 140%; line-height: 180%; margin-top: 3em;} +h2 {font-size: 120%; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;} + +p {margin-top: .75em; text-align: justify; margin-bottom: .75em;} + +p.tp1 {text-align: center; font-size: 110%; margin-top: 1em; 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text-align: center; max-width: 202px;} +.figleft {float: left; clear: left; margin: .3em 1em 1em 0; + padding: 0; text-align: center;} +.figright {float: right; clear: right; margin: .3em 0 1em 1em; + padding: 0; text-align: center;} + +.centered {text-align: center; margin: auto; display: table;} +.poem {text-align: left;} +.poem br {display: none;} +.poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} +.poem span.i0a {display: block; margin-left: 0em; + padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3.5em;} +.poem span.i0b {display: block; margin-left: 0em; + padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3.3em;} +.poem span.i0 {display: block; margin-left: 0em; + padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} +.poem span.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 1.2em; + padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + +.tnote {border: dashed 1px; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; + margin-top: 2em; padding: .5em 1em .5em 1em; font-size: 80%;} + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Star People, by Gaylord Johnson + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Star People + +Author: Gaylord Johnson + +Release Date: November 4, 2011 [EBook #37916] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STAR PEOPLE *** + + + + +Produced by Juliet Sutherland, eagkw and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="480" height="655" alt="Cover" title="Cover" /> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Spring" id="Spring"></a> +<a href="images/end1-spring-h.jpg"><img src="images/end1-spring.jpg" width="480" height="674" alt="Endpaper Spring" title="Click for larger and rotated image" /></a> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Summer" id="Summer"></a> +<a href="images/end2-summer-h.jpg"><img src="images/end2-summer.jpg" width="481" height="674" alt="Endpaper Summer" title="Click for larger and rotated image" /></a> +</div> + +<hr class="l2" /> + +<h1><span class="f9">THE STAR PEOPLE</span></h1> + +<hr class="l2" /> + +<div class="figcenter1"> +<img src="images/logo.png" width="154" height="49" alt="logo" title="logo" /> +</div> + +<p class="tp1">THE MACMILLAN COMPANY<br /> +<span class="f7">NEW YORK · BOSTON · CHICAGO · DALLAS<br /> +ATLANTA · SAN FRANCISCO</span></p> + +<p class="tp1">MACMILLAN & CO., Limited<br /> +<span class="f7">LONDON · BOMBAY · CALCUTTA<br /> +MELBOURNE</span></p> + +<p class="tp1">THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd.<br /> +<span class="f9">Toronto</span></p> + + +<hr class="l2" /> +<h1><span class="f12">THE STAR PEOPLE</span></h1> + +<p class="tp2"><span class="f7">BY</span><br /> +GAYLORD JOHNSON</p> + +<p class="tp3">WITH DRAWINGS ON SAND AND BLACKBOARD<br /> +BY “UNCLE HENRY AND THE SOCIETY<br /> +OF STAR-GAZERS”</p> + +<p class="tp4">“Why did not somebody teach me the constellations, and +make me at home in the starry heavens, which are always +overhead and which I don’t half know to this day?”<br /> +<span class="sign">—Thomas Carlyle.</span><br /></p> + +<p class="tp2"> </p> + +<p class="tp1">New York<br /> +THE MACMILLAN COMPANY<br /> +1921</p> + +<p class="tp3">All rights reserved</p> + +<hr class="l2" /> + +<p class="tp5"><span class="smcap">Copyright</span>, 1921<br /> + +<span class="smcap">By</span> <span class="f11">THE MACMILLAN COMPANY</span></p> +<hr class="l3" /> +<p class="tp5">Set up and electrotyped. Published June, 1921.</p> + +<hr class="l2" /> + +<p class="tp6">TO<br /> +BABY ANNE</p> + +<hr class="l2" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span></p> + + +<h2>WHAT HAPPENED IN STARLAND</h2> + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="table of contents"> +<tr><td class="col3"> </td><td class="col3"><span class="f7">PAGE</span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="col1">First Evening—</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col2">In which the Society of Star Gazers is formed and discovers +Two Bears, one with a stretched tail</td><td class="col3"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="col1">Second Evening—</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col2">The Herdsman’s Dogs chase Ursa Major and the terrible +Dragon wriggles away in fright</td><td class="col3"><a href="#Page_12">12</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="col1">Third Evening—</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col2">Uncle Henry’s magic turns the Lyre into a Ukelele, +and the Archer’s arrow misses the Swan and hits the +Scorpion</td><td class="col3"><a href="#Page_24">24</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="col1">Fourth Evening—</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col2">The Virgin is too busy feeding her Sky Poultry, so +Cassiopeia gets the Ukelele to play</td><td class="col3"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="col1">Fifth Evening—</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col2">In which a Dolphin with an ear for music saves a +Poet’s life—and Uncle Henry puts two birds in one +poem</td><td class="col3"><a href="#Page_41">41</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="col1">First Winter Evening—</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col2">The “Society” learns why Orion needs a club to keep +Frisky Taurus in order, and why we say “By Jimini!” +when we’re excited</td><td class="col3"><a href="#Page_52">52</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="col1">Second Winter Evening—</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col2">In which the dogs of Orion and Gemini follow their +masters, Pegasus escapes as usual, and Andromeda +gets a nice soft bed of hay in place of her hard old +rock</td><td class="col3"><a href="#Page_61">61</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="col1">Third Winter Evening—</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col2">The Sky clouded over, but Peter found the Star People +hiding in the Almanac—Paul found that his head was +the World—and the “Society” found out about the +Swastika and the Zodiac, and how you tell when a +Dipper is a Plough and when it’s a Wagon</td><td class="col3"><a href="#Page_78">78</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="col1">Fourth Winter Evening—</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col2">In which the “Society” meets the last of the Star +People and the beginning of Astronomy—and Betty +proposes a “Note” of thanks</td><td class="col3"><a href="#Page_99">99</a></td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<hr class="l2" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ix]</a></span></p> + +<div class="howto"> +<h2>TO HELP YOU FIND<br /> +THE STAR PEOPLE IN THE SKY</h2> + +<p>Whenever Uncle Henry draws a line to point out one of the star +people you will find a figure, close to what he says, like this: (10).</p> + +<p>Find the same figure on one of the maps inside the front or back +cover, and you will see the line that Uncle Henry drew—and find +the star person or animal easily in the sky.</p> + +<p>Numbers 1 to 17 can be located on the front cover maps. Numbers +18 to 32 can be found on the maps inside the back cover.</p> + + +<p class="center r2">To Use the Maps</p> + +<p>Face South and hold the map for the proper season over your +head—with the top of the book toward the West and the bottom +toward the East. You will then see the Star People in the same +places they appear in the sky.</p> + +<p>The maps are drawn for 9 o’clock on April 1st, July 1st, October +1st, and January 1st, but they will be found serviceable in the +preceding and following month. When necessary consult the maps +for the season coming before or after.</p> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[x]</a></span></p> + +<hr class="l2" /> + +<h2>WHERE TO FIND THE “PEOPLE” YOU WANT</h2> + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Guide to the star maps"> + +<tr><td class="col4">Names of Star People</td> +<td class="col4">How to Pronounce</td> +<td class="col5a" colspan="2">Where to Look in the Book</td> +<td class="col5a" colspan="2">Where to Look on the Maps</td> +<td class="col5b" colspan="3">When You Can See Them in the Sky</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Andromeda</td><td class="col6">(an-drom´-e-dä)</td> +<td class="col7">Page</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_70">70</a></td> +<td class="col7">Number</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Autumn">25</a></td> +<td class="col7">Sept.</td><td class="col8">to</td><td class="col7">Feb.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Aquarius</td><td class="col6">(a-kwā´-ri-us)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Autumn">19</a></td> +<td class="col7">Aug.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Dec.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Aquila</td><td class="col6">(ak´-wi-lä)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Summer">17</a></td> +<td class="col7">June</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Nov.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Aries</td><td class="col6">(a´-ri-ēz)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Winter">28</a></td> +<td class="col7">Sept.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Feb.</td></tr><tr> +<td class="col6">Auriga</td><td class="col6">(â-ri´-ga)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_105">105</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Winter">32</a></td> +<td class="col7">Oct.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">June</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Boötes</td><td class="col6">(bō-ō´-tez)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Spring">2</a></td> +<td class="col7">April</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Oct.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Cancer</td><td class="col6">(kan´-ser)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_73">73</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Winter">27</a></td> +<td class="col7">Jan.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">June</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Canes Venatici</td><td class="col6">(kā´-nez ve-nat´-i-cī)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Spring">2</a></td> +<td class="col7">Feb.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Sept.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Canis Major</td><td class="col6">(kā´-nis mā´-jor)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_62">62</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Winter">22</a></td> +<td class="col7">Jan.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">April</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Canis Minor</td><td class="col6">(kā´-nis mī´-nor)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_72">72</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Winter">26</a></td> +<td class="col7">Dec.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">May</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Capricornus</td><td class="col6">(kap-ri-kôr´-nus)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Autumn">18</a></td> +<td class="col7">Aug.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Nov.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Cassiopeia</td><td class="col6">(kas-i-ō-pē´-ya)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Summer">12</a></td> +<td class="col7">Jan.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Dec.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Cerberus</td><td class="col6">(seer´-ber-us)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Summer">14</a></td> +<td class="col7">April</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Nov.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Corona Borealis</td><td class="col6">(kō-rō´-nä bō-rē-a´-lis)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Summer">11</a></td> +<td class="col7">April</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Oct.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Cygnus</td><td class="col6">(sig´-nus)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Summer">4</a></td> +<td class="col7">June</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Jan.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Delphinus</td><td class="col6">(del-fi´-nus)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Summer">16</a></td> +<td class="col7">June</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Dec.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Draco</td><td class="col6">(drā´-ko)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Summer">5</a></td> +<td class="col7">Jan.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Dec.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Gemini</td><td class="col6">(jem´-i-ni)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Winter">21</a></td> +<td class="col7">Dec.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">June</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Hercules</td><td class="col6">(her´-kū-lēz)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Summer">14</a></td> +<td class="col7">April</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Nov.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Leo</td><td class="col6">(le´-o)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Spring">3</a></td> +<td class="col7">Feb.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">July</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Leo Minor</td><td class="col6">(le´-o mī-nor)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Spring">3</a></td> +<td class="col7">Jan.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">July</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Lepus</td><td class="col6">(lē´-pus)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_64">64</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"> </td> +<td class="col7">Dec.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">March</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Libra</td><td class="col6">(lī´-bra)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_36">36</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Summer">13</a></td> +<td class="col7">May</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Aug.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Lyra</td><td class="col6">(lī´-ra)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_25">25</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Summer">6</a></td> +<td class="col7">April</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Dec.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Ophiuchus</td><td class="col6">(of-i-ū´-kus)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Summer">15</a></td> +<td class="col7">May</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Oct.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Orion</td><td class="col6">(ō-rī´-on)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Autumn">20</a></td> +<td class="col7">Nov.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">April</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Pegasus</td><td class="col6">(peg´-a-sus)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Winter">23</a></td> +<td class="col7">Aug.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Jan.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Perseus</td><td class="col6">(per´-sūs)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_102">102</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Winter">30</a></td> +<td class="col7">Sept.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">May</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Pisces</td><td class="col6">(pis´-ēz)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_76">76</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Winter">29</a></td> +<td class="col7">Sept.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Feb.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Sagitta</td><td class="col6">(sa-jit´-a)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Summer">16</a></td> +<td class="col7">June</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Dec.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Sagittarius</td><td class="col6">(saj-i-tā´-ri-us)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Summer">7</a></td> +<td class="col7">July</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Sept.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Scorpio</td><td class="col6">(skór´-pi-ō)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Summer">9</a></td> +<td class="col7">June</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Sept.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Serpens</td><td class="col6">(ser´-pens)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Summer">15</a></td> +<td class="col7">May</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Oct.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Taurus</td><td class="col6">(tâ´-rus)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Autumn">20</a></td> +<td class="col7">Nov.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">April</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Triangulum</td><td class="col6">(trī-an´-gū-lum)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_75">75</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Winter">31</a></td> +<td class="col7">Sept.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Feb.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Ursa Major</td><td class="col6">(er´-sa mā´-jor)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_7">7</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Spring">1</a></td> +<td class="col7">Jan.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Dec.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Ursa Minor</td><td class="col6">(er´-sa mī´-nor)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Spring">1</a></td> +<td class="col7">Jan.</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Dec.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col6">Virgo</td><td class="col6">(ver´-gō)</td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td> +<td class="col8">“</td><td class="col9"><a href="#Summer">10</a></td> +<td class="col7">April</td><td class="col8">“</td><td class="col7">Aug.</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p class="sp">Star People on Maps but not Talked About by “The Society”</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Star People not talked about"> +<tr><td class="col7">(<a href="#Spring">a</a>) Hydra (hī´-dra)</td> +<td class="col7">(<a href="#Summer">c</a>) Corvus (kôr´-vus)</td> +<td class="col7">(<a href="#Winter">e</a>) Cetus (sē´-tus)</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col7">(<a href="#Summer">b</a>) Crater (krā´-ter)</td> +<td class="col7">(<a href="#Spring">d</a>) Cepheus (sēf´-ūs)</td> +<td class="col7">(<a href="#Winter">f</a>) Eridanus (ē-rid´-a-nus)</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr class="l1" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p> + +<h1><span class="f12">THE STAR PEOPLE</span></h1> + +<h2>FIRST EVENING</h2> + +<p class="sh">IN WHICH THE SOCIETY OF STAR-GAZERS IS FORMED +AND DISCOVERS TWO BEARS—ONE WITH A +STRETCHED TAIL</p> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Uncle Henry</span> sat on the porch of “Seven Oaks” +Cottage, watching the new moon sink into the woods +across Sand Lake.</p> + +<p>The ripples of the motor-boat that had carried +“Sister” and “The Children’s Father” away from +the dock had gone from the glassy water. Over +across the lake, at Pentecost station, they would +catch the ten o’clock train, to be gone a week.</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry had urged “Sister” to go. He had +said he was perfectly sure of being able to look after +Peter and Paul and Betty for just seven days, but +now that “Sister” was really gone Uncle Henry felt +the size of the task he had undertaken.</p> + +<p>Of course he wasn’t alone. There was big, wholesome +Katy, the maid. “Competent Katy,” he had +at once named her to himself on his arrival two weeks +before. The sleeping, eating, and dressing of twin +ten-year-old boys and a seven-year-old girl would +go on as usual without Uncle Henry’s assistance.</p> + +<p>In the daytime he planned to take them fishing, +berry-picking, sailing, and bathing. Target-practice<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span> +with Peter and Paul’s air-rifle would help, too, and +there would be walks in the woods, and up to +Brighton’s farm house for the milk every evening.</p> + +<p>But between supper and bed was a gap that Uncle +Henry thought might be hard to fill. He must think +of some games. He didn’t want to be a poor companion +for his adored niece and nephews for even +an hour of the time.</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry blew a cloud from his pipe and +watched it eddy slowly away, filtering through the +leaves of the oak-branches at the side of the porch. +Then he looked up to the vaporous band of the +milky way. Stars hung in it, sparkling. It was like +a chiffon streamer with tiny diamond spangles—or +a cloud of smoke, blown, with sparks, from the pipe +of Pan.</p> + +<p>You will see right away that Uncle Henry was a +poet, even if Pan’s pipe wasn’t the smoking kind. +It might have been, as easy as not. Uncle Henry +was wondering whether this last fancy might be +made into a poem for his college paper, when the +children’s voices floated up from the beach. They +were sitting on the smooth sand and singing in unison,</p> + +<div class="centered"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0a">“Star bright, star-light—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Many’s the star I see tonight.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Star bright, star-light—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Tell me, is it true?<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">I wish I may, I wish I might<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Get the wish I wish tonight—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Star bright, star-light,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Tell me, is it true?”<br /></span> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> +</div></div></div> + +<p>Uncle Henry took his feet off the porch-railing +and allowed his chair to use all of its feet again. +Then he leaned out by a post and looked straight +up into the blue-black vault of a moonless July +night sky. The stars were beautifully clear.</p> + +<p>Evidently Peter, Paul, and Betty were singing +praise to the fact. They had clapped enthusiastically +for themselves, and were now beginning the encore—a +repetition of “Star bright, star-light.”</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry’s face had become thoughtful, and +now he stepped down from the porch, and strolled +down the boards to the dock. There he stood craning +his neck backward and looking up, until the children +had once more finished the verse, laughing and +clapping. Evidently the applause for themselves was +not enough this time, for there was no encore.</p> + +<p>Peter, his eye on Uncle Henry, flopped down on +his back and began gazing upward, too. In a moment +he called,</p> + +<p>“Uncle Hen?”</p> + +<p>“Yes, Pete,” from the dock, where Uncle Henry +was star-gazing in the opposite direction.</p> + +<p>“Why do they call ‘the big dipper’ the ‘great +bear’—and <em>is</em> there any ‘little dipper’? Betty says +there isn’t, ’cause she never saw it.”</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry stepped off the dock upon the smooth +sand, kneeled down, and without answering began +collecting little smooth pebbles.</p> + +<p>Peter sat up and asked in surprise,</p> + +<p>“Don’t <em>you</em> know, Uncle Hen?”</p> + +<p>Surely this genius, who could make new kinds of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span> +kites, and willow-whistles that “worked fine,” was +not going to fail now. The other children turned +to him, expectant too. Betty herself was willing to +be proved wrong about the existence of the “little +dipper,” rather than admit a limit to Uncle Henry’s +wisdom.</p> + +<p>“Let’s make a nice, smooth place on the sand,” +said Uncle Henry, his hands now full of those mysterious +pebbles. These he put into his pocket and began, +on all fours, to smooth sand industriously.</p> + +<p>“Come on, youngsters,” he invited, “and I’ll let +you settle the questions yourselves. We’ll make a +game of it,” he added.</p> + +<p>The trio breathed easier. Uncle Henry <em>did</em> know, +and was going to tell—in a new, interesting way. +Three pairs of hands started smoothing sand, with +some waste of energy, but with rapid results.</p> + +<p>“Now,” said Uncle Henry, squatting down before +the leveled place, and pouring out the pebbles in a +little pile, “how many stones do you need to make +the dipper, Pete? We’ll draw it on the sand, with +pebbles for stars.”</p> + +<p>Three necks craned upward in unison, and the +two boys’ voices answered, almost together,</p> + +<p>“Seven.”</p> + +<p>Betty gazed a moment longer, and said,</p> + +<p>“Eight.”</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry looked interested.</p> + +<p>“Where do you see the eighth, Betty?” he asked.</p> + +<p>“Right close where the handle bends,” announced +Betty.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span></p> + +<p>“Correct,” said Uncle Henry, “that shows you +have good eyes. The Arabs used to call that little +star ‘the proof,’ because it is a test of good eyesight +to see it. The star at the bend of the handle is also +called ‘the horse,’ and that faint little star over it +‘the rider.’ You can make the dipper itself with +seven pebbles, though. Go ahead and do it, Peter,” +Uncle Henry finished, “and take good-sized stones, +to show that they’re bright stars.”</p> + +<p>When Peter had finished, the smooth patch of +sand looked like this in the light from Uncle Henry’s +pocket electric torch.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-005.png" width="369" height="159" alt="The big dipper" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Betty insisted upon adding a tiny stone above +“the horse,” to represent her discovery, “the rider.”</p> + +<p>“Now,” said Uncle Henry, looking upward, “I’ll +help you this much in finding all of ‘the great bear.’ +The handle of the dipper is his tail. Everybody try +to find the rest of him. Put down a pebble in the +right spot for every star; big ones for bright ones, +and little stones for faint ones.”</p> + +<p>“Ooh,” interrupted Betty, “I got his nose!”</p> + +<p>Here is where Betty put it.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-006a.png" width="396" height="160" alt="His nose" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“—and his shoulders!” she added in a moment, +putting them in with small pebbles.</p> + +<p>“I got his front leg!” announced Paul excitedly, +adding three pebbles rapidly.</p> + +<p>Then the bear looked like this.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-006b.png" width="394" height="238" alt="Then the bear looked like this" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>It was Peter who contributed his hind legs and +his “skeleton,” made of finger-drawn lines in the +sand. Like this.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-007a.png" width="393" height="259" alt="Finger-drawn lines in the sand" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>And when Uncle Henry had drawn an outline in +the sand with his finger, the “great bear” was done +to everybody’s satisfaction.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-007b.png" width="393" height="279" alt="The “great bear” was done" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span></p> + +<p>While they were all looking at it, Uncle Henry +recited,</p> + +<div class="centered"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0a">“<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ursa Major</i>’s Latin—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And it means, ‘the greater bear.’<br /></span> +<span class="i0"><i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ursa</i>’s ‘bear,’ and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Major</i>’s ‘bigger,’<br /></span> +<span class="i0">If you want to see his ‘figger,’<br /></span> +<span class="i0">At the dipper’s handle stare—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That’s the tail of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ursa Major</i>.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Find his shoulders, nose, and toes—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who first named him, no one knows.”<br /></span> +</div></div></div> + +<p>“Did you say, ‘Noah’—or ‘no one,’ Uncle Henry?” +asked Betty.</p> + +<p>“I said, ‘no one,’ but have it ‘Noah’ if you like,” +said Uncle Henry. “Maybe Noah named him. He +was interested in animals, and Adam ought not to +have the only right to name them.”</p> + +<p>“Now let’s find the little dipper!” urged Peter, +anxious for a victory over Betty’s doubts of its +existence.</p> + +<p>“When we find it,” announced Uncle Henry +solemnly, “it won’t be a dipper at all; it will be another +bear—a little bear. You know that Noah had +two of everything in his ark.”</p> + +<p>“I told you there wasn’t any little dipper!” shrilled +Betty at Peter.</p> + +<p>“Uncle Henry said we’d find it, though,” countered +Peter, looking hopefully at the oracle.</p> + +<p>“So we will,” laughed Uncle Henry, “the little +dipper and the little bear are the same thing!”</p> + +<p>“Come on!” urged Paul, “how do we start, Uncle +Henry?”<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span></p> + +<p>Uncle Henry got up on his knees and drew a long +straight line in the sand with his forefinger. (<a href="#Spring">1</a>) It +went up through both stars in the middle of the great +bear’s body, and a long way beyond. Over three +times the distance between the two stars the line +went beyond them. Uncle Henry put down a fair-sized +pebble at the end.</p> + +<p>“There,” he said, “is the tip of the little bear’s +tail. Go ahead and find him; but I warn you—it’s +a very long tail, and you’ll have to imagine his legs +and nose.”</p> + +<p>There was a moment’s silence. Then Peter said,</p> + +<p>“I can’t see any bear, but I <em>can</em> make out a dipper.”</p> + +<p>“Make it,” said Uncle Henry.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-009.png" width="389" height="342" alt="The little dipper" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span></p> + +<p>When Peter finished putting down little pebbles +the little dipper was very plain, just above the great +bear’s back.</p> + +<p>Then Uncle Henry solemnly drew an outline +around the seven small pebbles.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-010.png" width="328" height="281" alt="Pole Star" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“Oooh, what a funny bear!” laughed Betty, when +Uncle Henry’s finger had finished. “His tail is so +<em>long!”</em></p> + +<p>“Bears always have <em>short</em> tails,” said Peter, +looking reproachfully at Uncle Henry, as if that +person was responsible. There was, however, a note +of expectancy in Peter’s voice. He expected a +satisfactory explanation from Uncle Henry.</p> + +<p>“This bear <em>once</em> had as short a tail as any other +bear,” said Uncle Henry, quite undisturbed.</p> + +<p>“Who stretched it?” inquired Paul breathlessly.</p> + +<p>“You will note,” began Uncle Henry, “that the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> +tip of the little bear’s tail is a star that is right at the +top of the North Pole. You can’t <em>see</em> the pole, but +it’s there—and long ago somebody tied the tip of +the little bear’s tail fast to it. As the earth turned +around year after year, and the pole turned with it, +the little bear was swung round and round by his +tail. That would make anybody’s tail stretch, +wouldn’t it?”</p> + +<p>There was a moment’s quiet. Then Peter said +roguishly,</p> + +<p>“You can’t kid us into believing that, Uncle Hen—but +we’ll sure remember it.”</p> + +<p>All Uncle Henry said was,</p> + +<p>“Your mother doesn’t like you to talk slang, +Peter.”</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry had scored again, and knew it.</p> + +<p>“To-morrow night we’ll find the dragon, and the +man who drives the great bear around the pole, and +his dogs, and maybe the lions and the swan,” promised +Uncle Henry, as he looked at his watch and +stood up.</p> + +<p>“Oooh, great!” cried the trio together.</p> + +<p>“We’ll have a reg’lar Noah’s Ark on that sand, +won’t we?” said Betty.</p> + +<p>“We’ll call it ‘Noah’s Ark in the Sky,’” Uncle +Henry agreed, as the children followed him up the +walk to Seven Oaks Cottage.</p> +<hr class="l1" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span></p> + + +<h2>SECOND EVENING</h2> + +<p class="sh">THE HERDSMAN’S DOGS CHASE URSA MAJOR—AND +THE TERRIBLE DRAGON WRIGGLES AWAY IN FRIGHT</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> next evening Peter, Paul, and Betty were all +down on the beach as soon as supper was over.</p> + +<p>Peter and Paul had that morning made a fence of +laths around the sand drawings of the two bears—big, +and little, so that “Rags,” their Airedale puppy, +could not spoil them.</p> + +<p>Now that “Rags” was asleep under the cottage, +Peter and Paul removed the fence and smoothed +the sand carefully for several yards around the +bears, while Betty collected a quite unnecessarily +large number of pebbles to represent the stars that +would be found, with Uncle Henry’s help, when the +twilight faded.</p> + +<p>When all this was done the trio sat down beside +the smoothed space and called to Uncle Henry, on +the porch, that one star was already out and he had +better hurry.</p> + +<p>“I’ll come when you can see <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ursa Major’s</i> tail,” +called back Uncle Henry, and the children had to +wait, although they shrilly announced each new star +that glowed into sight in the darkening sky, and repeatedly +urged Uncle Henry to “come on and begin!”</p> + +<p>The seven stars of the big dipper were all plainly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span> +visible when Uncle Henry came down the board +walk and sat cross-legged on the sand.</p> + +<p>The first thing he did was to extend the line +joining the last two pebbles in the great bear’s tail +until it was about five times as long as before, and +curved slightly downward as it went. (<a href="#Spring">2</a>)</p> + +<p>“Now, Betty,” he said, “give me a pebble—a +good big one. This is a bright star we’ll begin with; +see if you can find it,” and Uncle Henry put down +the pebble at the end of the line, like this.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-013.png" width="443" height="269" alt="Arcturus, Horse Rider" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>The three exclaimed, “I see it!” almost together.</p> + +<p>“All right, then, we’ll find ‘<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Boötes</i>,’ the herdsman +who drives <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ursa Major</i> round the pole,” said Uncle +Henry. “He has two dogs to help him besides. +We’ll find them too.”</p> + +<p>The children gazed upward for some time, intently +silent.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span></p> + +<p>“I guess,” observed Betty finally, “that you’ll +have to tell us whether that big star is the bear-driver’s +head—or one of his ‘booties,’ Uncle Henry.”</p> + +<p>A duet of groans from Peter and Paul followed +this example of the lowest form of wit.</p> + +<p>“I can’t see anything that looks like a man the +least bit,” she went on, oblivious of the groans, +“but I can see a kite, with that big star at the +place where the tail would be fastened on.”</p> + +<p>“Fine,” said Uncle Henry, “Make the kite then, +Betty—and then we’ll find the herdsman after we’ve +flown the kite a while. That’s the wonderful thing +about Starland. If you get tired of one of the +beasts or people in it—presto! You can change him +into anything he looks like to you. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Boötes</i> is really +much more like a kite than a man, so let’s make the +kite. Put the pebbles down, Betty.”</p> + +<p>Betty did, and they looked like this.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-014.png" width="477" height="271" alt="The kite" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span></p> + +<p>“That was easy!” exclaimed Peter.</p> + +<p>“Never you mind, Mr. Peter!” Betty burst out +warmly, “I found it first, anyhow!”</p> + +<p>“We’ll let Peter find the bear-driver’s head,” said +Uncle Henry judicially.</p> + +<p>Peter promptly picked the big star at the tail-end +of the kite.</p> + +<p>“You’re wrong,” said Uncle Henry, “but I don’t +blame you. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Arcturus</i> is much too bright and beautiful +to be only a big, bright button on the lower edge +of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Boötes</i>’ shepherd’s kilt—but that is all it is. The +star at the top end of the kite is his head, and the +two stars at the ends of the cross-stick of the kite are +his shoulders. About halfway from them to <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Arcturus</i> +you can find the belt of his kilt, and——”</p> + +<p>“Oh, I see his legs!” interrupted Paul. “He’s +running after the big bear.”</p> + +<p>“Put them in, Paul,” said Uncle Henry.</p> + +<p>Paul did, and the figure of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Boötes</i> grew to look like +this.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-015.png" width="269" height="234" alt="Boötes" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span></p> + +<p>“But he hasn’t any arms!” said Peter.</p> + +<p>“Yes, he has,” explained Uncle Henry, “his left +one is up in the air, and his right one holds a shepherd’s +crook upon his right shoulder. Like this.”</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry added pebbles and lines until <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Boötes</i> +was finished.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-016.png" width="250" height="314" alt="Boötes finished" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“What awful short legs he has!” criticised Betty.</p> + +<p>“That must be why he’s never caught the great +bear,” smiled Uncle Henry.</p> + +<p>“What’s he shaking his fist for?” inquired Paul, +pointing to the herdsman’s left hand. “Is he so mad +because he can’t catch <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ursa Major?”</i></p> + +<p>Uncle Henry did not reply, but drew two long +lines from the uplifted hand downward to a point +just below the end of the big bear’s tail.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span></p> + +<p>“Oh, I know!” piped Betty, and throwing herself +on her back, she began to star-gaze industriously.</p> + +<p>Peter and Paul looked at each other inquiringly.</p> + +<p>“The dogs!” said Peter. “Betty’s looking for +them. They’re on leash of course. Those lines are +the leashes.”</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry smiled his pleasure.</p> + +<p>“The hunting dogs—or, as you would say it in +Latin, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Canes Venatici</i>, are largely imaginary. There +are six stars—three in each dog, and all faint except +one, named <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cor Caroli</i>.”</p> + +<p>“I see the bright one!” said Peter, and put down +a fair-sized pebble to represent it. When the +children had found the five other faint stars and +Uncle Henry had finished drawing the dogs, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Boötes</i> +and his hunting hounds, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Asterion</i> and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Chara</i>, looked +like this.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-017.png" width="436" height="313" alt="Boötes with Asterion and Chara" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span></p> + +<p>“Why do they call the bright star at the tail of +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Chara</i>, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cor Caroli</i>, Uncle Henry?” asked Paul.</p> + +<p>“It is Latin for ‘heart of Charles,’” said Uncle +Henry, “and the Charles they mean is Charles the +Second of England, but don’t ask me why, for I +don’t know. Perhaps the dog <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Chara</i> ran away with +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cor Caroli</i>. I understand that Charles the Second +lost his heart pretty often, and perhaps one time he +didn’t get it back. Beware, Paul! I am Father +William out of Alice in Wonderland; ‘you have +asked me three questions and that is enough.’”</p> + +<p>“Are you going to make a poem for us to-night, +too?” inquired Betty hopefully.</p> + +<p>“Let me see,” said Uncle Henry thoughtfully. +“Great bear, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Boötes</i>, pronounced Bō-ō-tees, and two +dogs—they ought to make some kind of a poem. +How’s this? I’ll let you name it after you’ve heard +it.”</p> + +<div class="centered"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0a">“The big bear runs, the herdsman runs,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">His dogs, they both are chasing.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">While Ursa growls, Boötes howls,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">His dogs, they both are barking.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">For Ursa stole Boötes’ bowl<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of hot milk, set acooling.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">His mouth burns yet, the bowl’s upset,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The milky way is streaming.”<br /></span> +</div></div></div> + +<p>“The milky way to catch a bear,” suggested Paul, +as a name for the poem.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span></p> + +<p>“Who spilt the milk?” volunteered Peter.</p> + +<p>“The herdsman hasn’t ever caught <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ursa Major</i>,” +said Betty reflectively, “so he’s wasting his time +chasing him. ‘Don’t cry over spilt milk’ would be +a good title, I think. He ought to be tending his +silly sheep, if he has any.”</p> + +<p>“I’ve got it!” exclaimed Peter, “‘Ursa was a big +bear; Ursa was a thief.’ Like ‘Taffy the Welshman,’ +you know.”</p> + +<p>Since no one else had a better title, the “Society +of Star-Gazers,” as Paul had named it, let it go at +that, and allowed Boötes to persist in his pursuit of +the great bear for his ancient mischief.</p> + +<p>“I thought you were going to show us the lions +to-night, Uncle Hen,” said Peter.</p> + +<p>“So I am, Peter,” said Uncle Henry. “Tell me +what you see just below and between <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ursa Major’s</i> +hind feet.”</p> + +<p>All the children looked, and Peter answered,</p> + +<p>“Three faint stars, like a triangle.”</p> + +<p>“Put them in with pebbles,” said Uncle Henry, +and Peter did.</p> + +<p>“That’s one lion; the little one. Now we’ll find +the big one and draw them both.”</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/illo-020a.png" width="253" height="312" alt="Regulus" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Then Uncle Henry drew a long line through the +two stars at the root of the great bear’s tail, and +extended it to the three little pebbles in a triangle +under the bear’s feet, and through the triangle, and +beyond as far again. At the end of this line he put +a large pebble. (<a href="#Spring">3</a>)</p> + +<p>“There,” said Uncle Henry, “is the star <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Regulus</i>,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> +which is in the big +lion’s heart. See if +you can find the rest +of him.”</p> + +<p>Betty soon picked +out the lion’s head, +and Paul added his +hind quarters, and +when Uncle Henry +had drawn outlines +around both big +and little lions they +looked like this.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-020b.png" width="318" height="381" alt="Big and little lion" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span></p> + +<p>“Now show us the Swan,” urged Peter.</p> + +<p>“Yes, and the Dragon!” reminded Paul.</p> + +<p>“You children haven’t forgotten a single one I +promised,” laughed Uncle Henry. “Well, here goes; +everybody find the dipper again.”</p> + +<p>Everybody did.</p> + +<p>“Now draw a line straight up through the middle +of the dipper’s bowl and keep on with it a little over +three times the length of the dipper’s handle. (<a href="#Summer">4</a>) Put +a large pebble there and see if you can find the star. +It’s in the swan’s tail, and he looks as if he was +flying overhead, with his wings spread, and his long +neck stretched out ahead of him.”</p> + +<p>“Is he sort of like a cross?” inquired Betty after +a moment.</p> + +<p>“Right,” said Uncle Henry. “Put him in with +pebbles.”</p> + +<p>This shows how to find and draw the swan the +way the children and Uncle Henry did.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-021.png" width="426" height="264" alt="The Swan" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span></p> + +<p>“Now the dragon, Uncle Hen!” urged Peter.</p> + +<p>“Are you sure,” said Uncle Henry, “that you +promise not to have any bad dreams about the +dragon if I show him to you before you go to bed?”</p> + +<p>“Sure!” chorused the Society of Star-Gazers.</p> + +<p>“Well,” said Uncle Henry, “the dragon is very +terrible, but he is afraid of bears, so he is squirming +away as fast as he can from them. He is wriggling +a little faster too, because <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ursa Major</i> is on one side +of him and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ursa Minor</i> on the other. Draw a line +through the stars in the tips of the swan’s wings, +back toward the head of the bear-driver, and you’ll +find the dragon’s head about halfway. (<a href="#Summer">5</a>) It’s a little +triangle of stars, and from that the dragon’s body +winds around the little bear’s body and down above +the big bear’s back.”</p> + +<p>“I see all of him!” exclaimed Paul.</p> + +<p>“Here are the pebbles,” said Uncle Henry, “put +the dragon, or <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Draco</i>, where he belongs.”</p> + +<p>Paul did, and Uncle Henry finished him.</p> + +<p>“To-morrow night,” said Uncle Henry, “we’ll +find some more of the star people and sky animals. +They even have musical instruments in this Skyland +of ours, so we’ll find the lyre that the sky ladies +play on! One of the sky gentlemen is a great archer, +too, so we’ll find him shooting his bow and arrow +at a giant scorpion, and——”</p> + +<p>“Oh, let’s find <em>that</em> now!” pleaded Peter and Paul +in unison.</p> + +<p>Betty did not join in the chorus. She was asleep, +with her head in Uncle Henry’s lap.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-023.png" width="372" height="442" alt="The dragon" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“To-morrow night,” smiled Uncle Henry. “Betty +will want to hear, too, about the sky lady’s mandolin, +or harp, or lyre, or whatever it is.”</p> + +<p>Then he picked up the little girl without waking +her, and the boys followed him up the walk into +“Seven Oaks”—and bed.</p> +<hr class="l1" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span></p> + + +<h2>THIRD EVENING</h2> + +<p class="sh">UNCLE HENRY’S MAGIC TURNS THE LYRE INTO A +UKELELE—AND THE ARCHER’S ARROW MISSES THE +LOVELY SWAN AND HITS THE HORRID SCORPION</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Betty</span> had been informed by her brothers that +Uncle Henry had promised, after she fell asleep, to +show the lyre that the star ladies play when they +have nothing else to do.</p> + +<p>Since she had a new ukelele herself, and was +learning to play it, her interest in all stringed instruments +was keen, and as soon as the Society of +Star-Gazers had come together on the beach the next +evening, she demanded that the lyre be found.</p> + +<p>“All right,” said Uncle Henry, “find the swan’s +wing, on the side of him toward the dragon. Get +that? Well then, look for a very bright star between +that wing and the swan’s neck, and about the length +of the swan’s neck away from the tip of the wing. +You can’t miss it, for it’s the brightest star anywhere +near. Its name is <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Vega</i>, and some one has called it +‘the arc-light of the sky.’” (<a href="#Summer">6</a>)</p> + +<p>“I see it!” cried Betty and the boys together.</p> + +<p>“Look for two smaller stars that make a triangle<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span> +with <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Vega</i>, and then for three more that make a long +diamond shape. That’s right, Peter, put down the +pebbles and finish the lyre.”</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-025a.png" width="316" height="226" alt="The lyre" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“It’s sort of a harp on a foot!” said Betty in disappointment. +“I want to make a ukelele of it.”</p> + +<p>“Sure, easy as breathing,” agreed Uncle Henry, +and promptly rubbed out <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Lyra</i> from the sand, and +made it over.</p> + +<p>After all, Betty was the baby and might have her +own way whenever Uncle Henry had anything to +say about it. And let no one say that the ancients +had all the imagination, after seeing the ukelele that +Uncle Henry made of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Lyra</i>.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-025b.png" width="306" height="229" alt="The ukelele" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span></p> + +<p>“We strive to please,” he said as it was finished, +and Betty clapped her hands.</p> + +<p>“Now we want to see the archer shoot the giant +scorpion!” demanded Paul, speaking for the masculine +part of the audience.</p> + +<p>“Just a minute,” said Uncle Henry, “I’m coming +to him. You can see one of his arrows if you look on +the other side of the swan’s neck, just opposite to +Betty’s ukelele. The archer shot at the swan and +missed it.”</p> + +<p>“Serves him right for trying to kill the beautiful +swan. I love ’em!’” said Betty, with feeling.</p> + +<p>“You’ll need to use very small pebbles,” warned +Uncle Henry, “for <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sagitta</i> is rather small and quite +faint.”</p> + +<p>“What’s <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sagitta?”</i> asked Peter.</p> + +<p>“Latin for ‘arrow,’” said Uncle Henry.</p> + +<p>When the arrow was found and drawn, it was in +this position.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-026.png" width="305" height="234" alt="Sagitta" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span></p> + +<p>“Now the archer!” demanded Paul.</p> + +<p>“All right,” said Uncle Henry. “Paul, draw a +line straight out from the head of the swan, right +on in the direction he is flying, and go about twice +the length of the swan’s neck.” (<a href="#Summer">7</a>)</p> + +<p>Paul did.</p> + +<p>“Now tell me,” asked Uncle Henry, “does anybody +see anything, about there, that looks like a +bow and arrow?”</p> + +<p>The children searched the sky at a point +a little over two swan’s necks ahead of the +swan’s bill, and +Peter cried triumphantly,</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/illo-027.png" width="382" height="432" alt="The Archer" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“I see it! I +see it!”</p> + +<p>“Make it then,” +said Uncle Henry, +“and keep the +bow in the right +position to the +swan’s neck.”</p> + +<p>When Peter +had all the pebbles +in their right +positions, Uncle +Henry drew in +the archer’s body, +and bow and +arrow, and they +looked like this:</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span></p> + +<p>“He’s just getting ready to shoot at the scorpion!” +exclaimed Paul.</p> + +<p>“Yes,” said Uncle Henry, “and the other star +people have to look out too. The people who lived +long ago called <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sagittarius</i>, our archer, “the Bull +Killer.” They did this because when the stars of the +archer rise in the east, they seem to drive all the +stars of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Taurus</i>, the Bull, over the western edge of +the world. So they said that <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sagittarius</i> killed +off the Bull. We’ll find <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Taurus</i> next winter.”</p> + +<p>“Now let’s find the scorpion,” urged Peter.</p> + +<p>“Wait a minute!” begged Betty, “I see another +dipper.”</p> + +<p>Peter was impatient. Dippers were not interesting, +compared with giant scorpions.</p> + +<p>“Betty,” he remarked, “wouldn’t believe there +<em>was</em> a little dipper a few nights ago, and now she’s +seeing ’em everywhere.”</p> + +<p>But Betty had her way as usual, and the Society of +Star-Gazers paused before passing on to the scorpion.</p> + +<p>“Where do you see the new dipper, Betty?” +Uncle Henry inquired with interest.</p> + +<p>“It’s right back of the leg the archer is kneeling +on.” (<a href="#Summer">8</a>)</p> + +<p>“You’re quite right,” Uncle Henry agreed, “and +it’s called ‘the milk dipper,’ because it’s right on the +edge of the milky way.”</p> + +<p>“Why that’s the bowl <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ursa Major</i> tried to get +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Boötes</i>’ hot milk out of, and burned his mouth, and +upset!” explained Betty, with a sudden inspiration.</p> + +<p>“So it is,” agreed Uncle Henry, “although I must<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span> +confess I never thought of the milk dipper when I +made up that rhyme for you youngsters.”</p> + +<p>“Now the scorpion!” insisted Peter.</p> + +<p>“Oh, have your old scorpion, then, Mr. Peter!” +exploded Betty, “I don’t want to see the horrid +thing. I’m going to the cottage and show Katy the +milk dipper.”</p> + +<p>And she went.</p> + +<p>So it was with Peter and Paul alone that Uncle +Henry found the scorpion that <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sagittarius</i>, the +archer, is always aiming at. (<a href="#Summer">9</a>) It would have been +easy for Betty to find, for it really looks a good deal +like a scorpion. See if you don’t think so when +you’ve found it.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-029.png" width="445" height="223" alt="The scorpion" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>After Uncle Henry had shown the boys how the +big, red star, called <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Antares</i>, in the heart of the +scorpion, has a reddish color, Peter suggested that +it was probably red because the Archer had already +shot an arrow through the scorpion’s heart, and +made it bleed.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span></p> + +<p>After that, since neither the boys nor Uncle Henry +ever wanted Betty left out of anything, and since +they knew she would have stayed if Peter and she +hadn’t wanted different things at the same time, the +Society of Star-Gazers adjourned until the next +evening.</p> + +<p>On the porch, however, Uncle Henry made up +this poem and repeated it to Peter and Paul before +they went in to bed.</p> + +<div class="centered"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0a">“The Scorpion’s heart has bled,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Antares-star is red,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The Archer made an arrow-wound,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But Scorpio isn’t dead.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The Archer draws his strong-bow,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To shoot a sharp new arrow,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I hope he hits the Scorpion,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And kills the poisonous fellow.”<br /></span> +</div></div></div> +<hr class="l1" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span></p> + + +<h2>FOURTH EVENING</h2> + +<p class="sh">THE VIRGIN IS TOO BUSY FEEDING HER SKY POULTRY, +SO CASSIOPEIA GETS THE UKELELE TO PLAY</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Betty</span>, in spite of her pretended lack of curiosity +about the scorpion, was down on the beach the +next evening ahead of the other members of the +Society of Star-Gazers. Uncle Henry found her in +the twilight, sitting cross-legged before the sand-drawing +of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Scorpio</i>.</p> + +<p>As she searched the southern sky to find the constellation, +she was singing Uncle Henry’s verses +about the archer and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Scorpio</i> over and over, to a +tune of her own improvising.</p> + +<p>The boys had made bows and arrows from green +saplings during the morning and had raced about for +some time with “Rags,” in search of giant scorpions +to shoot at. They discovered them in the most +unexpected objects—trees, rocks, and even boats. +The hunt had been accompanied by a war chant, +with the scorpion verses for words. It was a faint +echo of this that Betty was crooning to herself now.</p> + +<p>As Uncle Henry approached her she looked up at +him and said,</p> + +<p>“Aren’t there any ladies among the star people, +Uncle Henry? You told about the lyre that they +play on, but you haven’t shown any of them to us.”<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span></p> + +<p>“Well, Betty,” said Uncle Henry, sitting down +beside her, “there are several ladies in our star +country, but only two of them are in our sight in the +summer time. Let’s get the boys and we’ll find both +the ladies and take a vote to decide which of them +shall have your lyre-ukelele to play on.”</p> + +<p>Betty called, in her high little voice, for Peter and +Paul to hurry, and they raced down from the porch +with “Rags” in tow.</p> + +<p>“Uncle Hen,” asked Peter, “‘Rags’ wants to +know if there aren’t any more dogs in the sky?” +“Sure,” said Uncle Henry, “sky folks are very fond +of dogs. We’ve found the two that belong to the +herdsman. Besides them, there are two others, but +we can’t see them ’til next winter. And, of course, +there’s <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cerberus</i>, the ugly, monstrous three-headed +dog that Hercules killed. We’ll find him to-night.”</p> + +<p>“Oh, that’s great!” said Peter, and he and Paul +settled down with “Rags” between them. “Rags” +looked expectantly at Uncle Henry, who said,</p> + +<p>“But first I’ve promised Betty to find the sky +ladies that we can see now, and let one of them have +the ukelele.”</p> + +<p>“Rags’” ears dropped and he lost interest. Peter +and Paul, however, remembering Betty’s temper of +the previous evening, said,</p> + +<p>“Of course, ladies first.”</p> + +<p>“All right,” said Uncle Henry, “everybody find +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Arcturus</i> in the hem of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Boötes</i>’ kilt. Get that? Well, +then, draw a line in the sand, Betty, from <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Boötes</i>’ +right shoulder through <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Arcturus</i>, and extend the line +about as far again. (<a href="#Summer">10</a>) Then look in the sky at that +point for a bright star.”<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span></p> + +<p>“I see it!” cried Betty. The boys picked it out +next moment.</p> + +<p>“Well,” said Uncle Henry, “it doesn’t look much like +an ear of corn, does it? That’s what it is, though; an +ear of corn held in the Virgin’s left hand. Its name, +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Spica</i>, means just that. The Virgin is scattering grains +from the ear of corn with her right hand, to attract the +birds of Starland—the swan, the eagle, and the dove. +We’ll find the eagle a little later on, but the dove is so +far south that we never see it well. The boys and +girls in South America see Noah’s dove, but we can’t.”</p> + +<p>“Now,” continued Uncle Henry, “follow along +northward from <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Spica</i> to a point just below the big +lion’s tail. There is the Virgin’s head. Between +it and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Spica</i> are two fairly bright stars. The one +nearest <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Spica</i> is the Virgin’s shoulder. Her left arm +hangs at her side, from the shoulder to <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Spica</i>, while +her right arm extends in the direction of the great +bear’s tail. Put +down the pebbles +as fast as you find +the stars, Betty.”</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/illo-033.png" width="286" height="228" alt="Virgo" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>When Betty and +Uncle Henry had +finished the Virgin, +or <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Virgo</i>, as +she is called in +Latin, she looked +like this:</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span></p> + +<p>Then Uncle Henry added the little half circle of +small pebbles, with one larger one near the centre, +shown in the picture just at the left of Boötes. (<a href="#Summer">11</a>)</p> + +<p>“What is that, Uncle Henry?” asked all the +children at once.</p> + +<p>“Do you see it in the sky?” he asked,</p> + +<p>The children quickly found it.</p> + +<p>“What does it look like, then?”</p> + +<p>Peter thought it was a handful of corn-grains from +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Virgo’s</i> hand.</p> + +<p>Betty said, “A necklace.”</p> + +<p>“That’s nearest right,” said Uncle Henry. “It is +called <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Corona Borealis</i>, or the Northern Crown. That +brightest star is named <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Gemma</i>, so you see it might +be a gem in a necklace, too. The Virgin looks as if +she was going to bend over and pick it up. Perhaps +she will some day.”</p> + +<p>“I think,” said Paul, “that she’s too busy a person +to give Betty’s ukelele to. Who’s the other lady?”</p> + +<p>“I quite agree with you,” said Uncle Henry. “The +Virgin seems very much occupied. Well, there is +another lady in Starland. Her name is <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cassiopeia</i>, +and since she has nothing to do but sit in a chair, +perhaps Betty will let <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cassiopeia</i> have the ukelele +to play. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Virgo</i> won’t be jealous, either, because +she is clear across the sky from <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cassiopeia;</i> too far +away to see. A long line drawn across the sky from +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Spica</i> through the pole star in the little bear’s tail-tip +will reach <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cassiopeia</i>. (<a href="#Summer">12</a>)</p> + +<p>“She is easy to find, because she looks just like a +big letter W. Does anybody see it?”<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span></p> + +<p>The trio all found the W very quickly. You will, +too, for it is very conspicuous in the northeastern +sky in July and August. Uncle Henry showed the +children that <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cassiopeia’s</i> W had to be turned +upside down, into an M, before she could be made to +sit in her chair properly.</p> + +<p>Here is how <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cassiopeia</i> looked:</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-035.png" width="243" height="209" alt="Cassiopeia" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“She hasn’t a blessed thing to do. We’ll give the +lyre to her,” said Betty.</p> + +<p>“I am glad to hear that you are going to give the +ukelele to <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cassiopeia</i>,” said Uncle Henry. “Perhaps +it will make her feel happier. She has had a rather +sad life. Long ago <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cassiopeia</i> was queen of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Æthiopia</i>, +and was very beautiful. But she was so proud of +her good looks that she boasted herself prettier than +the lovely sea-nymphs. This made Neptune, the +god of the sea, so angry that he sent one of his +worst sea-monsters to make trouble along the shore +of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cassiopeia’s</i> country.</p> + +<p>“And as if that wasn’t bad enough, Neptune<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span> +demanded <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cassiopeia’s</i> daughter <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda</i> as a +sacrifice.</p> + +<p>“So you see it seems good to see <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cassiopeia</i> getting +a little justice done her, if it’s only the present of a +ukelele.”</p> + +<p>“Teacher says,” piped up Betty, “that the lady’s +statue on top of the Court House is ‘<cite>Justice</cite>.’ What +does she have that little pair of scales in her hand for, +Uncle Henry?”</p> + +<p>“The scales are to help her in weighing the good +and bad that people do,” explained Uncle Henry, +“and speaking of scales, there’s a pair of them in the +sky, too. If you will look between the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Scorpio</i> and +the Virgin you will find the scales. (<a href="#Summer">13</a>) They are +called <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Libra</i>, which is Latin for ‘balance.’ There are +four main stars in <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Libra</i>, which make an oblong.”</p> + +<p>This is how <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Libra</i>, the balance, looked when the +children and Uncle Henry had finished drawing it:</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-036.png" width="335" height="287" alt="Libra" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span></p> + +<p>“Now,” said Peter, with an air of having shown +great patience, “we want to see that three-headed +dog. I forgot his name.”</p> + +<p>“<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cerberus</i>,” said Uncle Henry, “But in order to +find him we’ll have to find <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Hercules</i>, the great strong +man, for <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Hercules</i> has <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cerberus</i> fast by one of his +throats and is beating at his three ugly heads with a +big club. At the same time, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Hercules</i> has his left +foot on the dragon’s head, so you see he is kept +busy.”</p> + +<p>“Where do we begin?” asked Paul, impatiently.</p> + +<p>“Draw a line,” said Uncle Henry, “from <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Vega</i> +in the ukelele to <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Gemma</i> in the <cite>Northern Crown;</cite> +the Virgin’s necklace we found a while ago, you +know.”</p> + +<p>Paul did it. (<a href="#Summer">14</a>)</p> + +<p>“Now,” directed Uncle Henry, “look about +half-way between, and you’ll find <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Hercules’</i> legs. +His left leg is nearly straight, but his right has +the knee bent a little. <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Hercules’</i> legs and the +sides of his body and his belt make sort of an H +shape.”</p> + +<p>“Oh, I see it!” exclaimed Peter. “Shall I make +him, Uncle Hen?”</p> + +<p>“Sure, go ahead, Pete; and the rest of you watch +for <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Hercules</i>’ head and arms.”</p> + +<p>When the children had put down pebbles to +represent all the stars in <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Hercules</i>, and had connected +them with lines in the sand, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Hercules</i> looked +like this:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-038a.png" width="360" height="262" alt="Hercules" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“Oh,” broke out Betty, excitedly, “he’s got the +ugly dog in his left hand!”</p> + +<p>Then she added the three heads of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cerberus</i>, and +it was Uncle Henry’s turn to draw in the outline of +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Hercules</i>, and complete the picture, like this:</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-038b.png" width="402" height="286" alt="Cerberus" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span></p> + +<p>“You have probably read,” said Uncle Henry, +“about the twelve great labors <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Hercules</i> performed. +He had to be very strong to do them, but of course he +was born that way. They say he even rose up out +of his cradle and strangled two serpents that the +goddess <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Juno</i> sent to destroy him.”</p> + +<p>The Society of Star-Gazers became very enthusiastic +about <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Hercules</i> after he was all finished. So +will you when you see how big and strong and +beautiful he is, almost straight over your head in the +summer sky just after dark. You will enjoy him +more if you lie on your back to look, as the Society of +Star-Gazers did on the beach.</p> + +<p>While they were all flat on the sand, looking up +into the great blue-black, star-sprinkled bowl, +Uncle Henry made up this poem, and recited it +before the Society adjourned for the night:</p> + +<div class="centered"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0a">“Hercules the strong man—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Feel his muscle!<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Feel his muscle!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Hercules the strong man—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">See him tussle!<br /></span> +<span class="i2">See him tussle!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Right hand holds a club—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">I can see;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">I can see.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Left hand grips a throat—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">One of three;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">One of three.</span><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span><br /> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Three-head dogs are freaks—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Queer to us;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Queer to us.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">That’s because you never saw—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Cerberus;<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Cerberus.<br /></span> +</div></div></div> +<hr class="l1" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span></p> + + +<h2>FIFTH EVENING</h2> + +<p class="sh">IN WHICH A DOLPHIN WITH AN EAR FOR MUSIC SAVES +A POET’S LIFE—AND UNCLE HENRY PUTS TWO +BIRDS IN ONE POEM</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">During</span> the next day Peter and Paul had seen a +blue-racer in the grass, and, with Rags’ assistance, +had chased it off into the woods behind the cottage.</p> + +<p>So it was only natural for Peter to ask Uncle Henry +whether there were any snakes among the star +creatures.</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry had said, “Two,” and promised to +show the children a very big one, and an old man +having a struggle with it besides.</p> + +<p>Peter and Paul were expectantly waiting on the +sand when Uncle Henry and Betty came down from +the porch that evening after dark.</p> + +<p>“Now,” said Peter, “where’s the snake, Uncle +Hen?”</p> + +<p>“We’ll begin with his head,” said Uncle Henry. +“Everybody find the northern crown, or <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Virgo’s</i> +necklace, and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Hercules</i>’ club. Now look just between +them and you will see five stars in a sort of +little cross, quite close together. Get that?” (<a href="#Summer">15</a>)</p> + +<p>The children soon found all five and put down +little stones to represent them on the sand.</p> + +<p>“All right, then; now trace a line from star to +star, down toward <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Scorpio</i>, and then across toward<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> +the archer, and then up in the direction of the swan. +That line is the <cite>Serpent</cite>. It is writhing in the hands +of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ophiuchus</i>, the old man who is called ‘The +Serpent-bearer.’ His head and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Hercules</i>’ head are +only a little way apart. Look for a bright star just +east of the bright one in the head of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Hercules</i> and you +will have the head of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ophiuchus</i>. Then look where his +shoulders would naturally come and you will see two +stars close together in each shoulder. Find them?”</p> + +<p>The children did, and placed pebbles for the head +and shoulders of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ophiuchus</i>.</p> + +<p>“Now,” said Uncle Henry, “draw two long lines +down from the shoulders, through the Serpent and +beyond, and you will have the old man’s body, legs +and feet. One foot is just in front of the archer’s +bow; the other is just above the red heart of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Scorpio</i>. +You will have to imagine his arms, and his hands +holding the serpent while it squirms.”</p> + +<p>When all the pebbles were down and all the lines +were drawn, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ophiuchus</i> and the serpent, or <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Serpens</i> +in Latin, looked like this:</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-042.png" width="283" height="239" alt="Ophuchus and the serpent" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span></p> + +<p>“Are there any more snakes, Uncle Hen?” inquired +Paul expectantly.</p> + +<p>“Yes, a sea-serpent made of very faint stars,” +said Uncle Henry, “but he is rather hard to trace +out and the only other creature I have left now +that is anything like a snake is a dolphin, or porpoise, +and he isn’t much like one. We’ll find him, +anyway, and then if you prefer to make a sea-horse +out of the dolphin, or <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Delphinus</i>, as you would say +in Latin, why go ahead and do it. The animals in +Starland are very obliging. They will turn into +anything you like to see in them.”</p> + +<p>“Where is the dolphin, Uncle Henry?” asked +Betty.</p> + +<p>“Well,” said he, “draw a line through the +beak of the swan and the arrow, or <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sagitta</i>, and +it will strike <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Delphinus</i>. (<a href="#Summer">16</a>) The arrow is about +halfway between the swan and the dolphin. +See it?”</p> + +<p>The children soon found the dolphin and mapped +his skeleton with pebbles. Then Uncle Henry put +it to a vote of the Society of Star-Gazers whether +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Delphinus</i> should be finished up as a dolphin or a +sea-horse. The vote was two to one for the sea-horse.</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry drew a sigh of relief; he didn’t know +quite what a dolphin looked like, and he had seen a +picture of a sea-horse in the dictionary only the day +before. So <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Delphinus</i> turned out to look like this. +If you insist on having him a dolphin, why draw him +differently yourself:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-044.png" width="334" height="264" alt="Delphinus as a seahorse" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“I wonder,” said Betty thoughtfully, “who rides +the sea-horses. Do the mermaids, Uncle Henry?”</p> + +<p>“I don’t know about the mermaids,” he answered, +“but I do know that an ancient poet and musician, +named <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Arion</i>, was saved from drowning by riding to +shore on a dolphin. It was like this:</p> + +<p>“Arion had gone from his home on the island of +Lesbos to Italy, and while there had made a great +deal of money by his singing.”</p> + +<p>“Just like Caruso in New York,” exclaimed Paul.</p> + +<p>“Yes,” said Uncle Henry, “and also like Caruso, +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Arion</i> decided to go home for a visit. Well, on the +way to Lesbos the sailors decided to murder <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Arion</i> +and get all the money he was taking home with him. +He had gone on a regular pirate ship you see. The +pirates were all ready to kill <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Arion</i>, but he begged so +hard to play just one little melody on his lute before +he died that the pirate sailors said, ‘Yes, he might<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span> +play just one.’ You would hardly believe it, but +the melody that <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Arion</i> played was so catchy and +tuneful that it attracted a number of dolphins, who +began to dance and turn somersaults about the ship. +Then <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Arion</i> watched his chance—and jumped over-board—and +one of the friendly, music-loving dolphins +carried him back to Lesbos on his back.”</p> + +<p>“My, but I’m glad he got away from those awful +pirates!” cried Betty with heartfelt fervor.</p> + +<p>“It’s too bad the horrid sailors got his money after +all,” said Peter. “If they hadn’t he might have got +something nice for the dolphin to eat when he got +to that place where he lived.”</p> + +<p>“The dolphin fared better than that,” Uncle +Henry assured the children. “It pleased the sea +god <cite>Neptune</cite> so much to have one of his creatures +save a poet’s life that he had that dolphin put in the +sky among the stars, and we see him there now as +the constellation <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Delphinus</i>.”</p> + +<p>“What’s next?” demanded Peter when the story +of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Delphinus</i> was finished.</p> + +<p>“The next three,” said Uncle Henry, shaking his +head sadly, “are the last.”</p> + +<p>“The last?!!” chorused the Society of Star-Gazers +incredulously.</p> + +<p>“Well, maybe not absolutely the last,” admitted +Uncle Henry, “but the last for this Summer. There +is a whole dozen more of the Star People in our +northern sky, but we can’t see them until next +Winter.”</p> + +<p>“Why?” inquired Betty anxiously.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span></p> + +<p>“It’s a long story,” said Uncle Henry. “Sometime +I’ll tell you all of it, beginning with the fact +that the pole of the earth always points to the +north star, where the little bear’s tail is fastened, +you remember. I promise to show you all the +rest of the star animals and people when I +come home for my Christmas vacation. Will that +do, if I show you a wonderful eagle to-night—and +a sea goat and a water carrier to finish up +with?”</p> + +<p>The children were disappointed, but they trusted +Uncle Henry. He wouldn’t stop showing animals +and people until he had to; they all knew that.</p> + +<p>Peter said,</p> + +<p>“We’ll have a whole dozen to look forward to +next Christmas. Sort of a present from Uncle +Henry. Come on, Uncle Hen, let’s find the eagle +and the sea goat and water carrier!”</p> + +<p>The others agreed with Peter.</p> + +<p>“The eagle, or <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aquila</i>,” said Uncle Henry, “is +easy to find because of a very bright star, called +<cite>Altair</cite>, which is right in his neck. You will find it +near the arrow, or <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sagitta</i>, between the end of the +serpent’s tail and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Delphinus</i>. (<a href="#Summer">17</a>) Does anybody +see <cite>Altair?”</cite></p> + +<p>“I do,” said Betty, “it’s right between two other +stars that aren’t so bright.”</p> + +<p>“Right,” said Uncle Henry. “Put down pebbles +to represent all three, Betty, and we’ll find the +rest of the eagle, or <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aquila</i>, as it would be in +Latin.”<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span></p> + +<p>When the three pebbles were in place they stood +in this relation to <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sagitta</i> and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Delphinus:</i></p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-047.png" width="273" height="225" alt="Altair" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“Now,” said Uncle Henry, “draw a line downward +through the three stars and a little more than +twice as far again and what do you see?”</p> + +<p>“Another star,” said Paul.</p> + +<p>“Put it in,” said Uncle Henry, “and then draw +another line from the upper of the first three stars +in the direction of the handle of the ‘milk dipper’ in +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sagittarius</i>, the archer. Continue this about four +times the length of the line that joins the first three +stars together and you will find two fairly bright stars +close together. That’s right, Paul; put in the star +you find about halfway down the line, too. Now +draw a line from the two fairly bright stars back in +the direction of the tail of the sea-horse, or <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Delphinus</i>, +until it almost meets the first line you drew. There +you will find another fairly bright star. Now it is +easy to finish the eagle’s skeleton.”<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-048.png" width="317" height="293" alt="The eagle’s skeleton" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>When the eagle’s skeleton was finished Peter +thought it looked more like a big arrowhead than +an eagle, but when Uncle Henry had drawn the +outline of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aquila</i>, the Society of Star-Gazers admitted +the resemblance to the bird.</p> + +<p>“Now where’s that sea goat?” inquired Peter.</p> + +<p>“Follow the line of the first three stars we found +in <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aquila</i> downward, and just a little way beyond +where it ends in the tip of the eagle’s wing you will +see two rather faint stars, close together. (<a href="#Autumn">18</a>) They +are at one corner of a ‘cocked hat’ such as you make +out of newspaper when you play soldier—sort of a +Napoleon’s hat. It is upside down. When you find +it and put down pebbles for stars I’ll show you +how the good imaginations the ancient people had +turned the cocked hat into a sea goat.”</p> + +<p>This shows how <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Capricornus</i> the sea goat looked<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span> +when the children and Uncle Henry had finished +him. I leave it to you to decide whether or not he +looks more like a cocked hat.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-049.png" width="440" height="309" alt="Capricornus" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“When we have found <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Capricornus</i> the sea goat,” +said Uncle Henry, “it is easy to find <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aquarius</i> or the +water carrier. Just prolong the line that connects +the goat’s right foot with his tail until it runs close +to a little triangle of three stars with another in the +centre. (<a href="#Autumn">19</a>) It looks a little like the head of the Serpent +we found squirming in <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Ophiuchus</i>’ hands, but it +is the water-jar <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aquarius</i> is carrying.”</p> + +<p>“Oh, I see it,” cried Paul.</p> + +<p>The other stars in <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aquarius</i> were soon found and +represented by pebbles. Then Uncle Henry drew<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span> +the outline that finished the Water-Carrier, like +this:</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-050.png" width="398" height="324" alt="The Water-Carrier" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“Now we’re all through?” inquired Betty.</p> + +<p>“Until next Christmas,” smiled back Uncle Henry.</p> + +<p>“Can’t we have just one more poem?” teased +Paul.</p> + +<p>“What shall it be about?” asked Uncle Henry, +with the air of a man who could write a poem to +order on any subject.</p> + +<p>“One about the lovely swan,” commanded Betty, +“you haven’t made one up about the swan.”</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry was in a quandary; he wanted to +please everybody with the last poem. He lay down +on his back and looked up at the sky for so long that +the children thought he must have fallen asleep.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span></p> + +<p>Finally Uncle Henry began to recite,</p> + +<div class="centered"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0a">“The eagle of Starland<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Got tired of his tree,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And challenged the swan to a race.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0b">‘Come up from the water!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Fly up and be free!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To northward I’ll beat you a chase.’<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The swan thought of shivers<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And icebergs and frost—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">He made up his mind to race South.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">So they are still flying—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Their race can’t be lost—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Till Gabriel blows with his mouth.”<br /></span> +</div></div></div> + +<p>“What’ll Gabriel blow?” inquired Peter when the +hand-clapping had stopped.</p> + +<p>“His trumpet, of course, silly!” answered Betty +for Uncle Henry.</p> + +<p>Just then the children heard a toot from an +automobile horn that they all recognized, and the +Society of Star-Gazers raced with Uncle Henry +back up to “Seven Oaks Cottage.”</p> + +<p>“Sister” and “the Children’s Father” had come +back from their trip and had surprised everybody.</p> + +<p>The summer sessions of the Society were over.</p> +<hr class="l1"/> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span></p> + + +<h2>FIRST WINTER EVENING</h2> + +<p class="sh">THE “SOCIETY” LEARNS WHY ORION NEEDS A CLUB +TO KEEP FRISKY TAURUS IN ORDER—AND WHY WE +SAY “BY JIMINI!” WHEN WE GET EXCITED</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Uncle Henry</span> came, as he had promised, to spend +his Christmas holidays with “Sister,” “the Children’s +Father,” Peter, Paul and Betty, in their city apartment.</p> + +<p>The children’s hope for fair weather in Christmas +week was not disappointed either. The days were +snowy and sunny and the nights frosty and clear.</p> + +<p>Only one thing had worried the “Society of Star-Gazers”—what +was to take the place of the smooth +sand of the beach when Uncle Henry should begin to +point out the sky people that were visible in the winter +sky? There were pebbles, it was true, on the flat +roof of the apartment house, but there was no sand.</p> + +<p>The children were certain, however, that Uncle +Henry would find a way, as he always did, and sure +enough, when he arrived he brought, as one of his +Christmas gifts to the children, a wonderful blackboard, +an easel to stand it upon, and plenty of white +chalk.</p> + +<p>After dinner on the first night of Uncle Henry’s +visit, the Society of Star-Gazers was bundled up in +warm coats and mufflers and he led the way to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> +roof, carrying the blackboard and his pocket electric +flashlight.</p> + +<p>Far above the lights of the city arched the great, +blue-black bowl of the sky, filled with the sparkling +patterns of stars that the children had learned to +know as steadfast, unchanging friends.</p> + +<p>“Uncle Henry,” said Betty, “you’ve told us about +enough animals to really fill a Noah’s ark, but we’ve +never heard anything about Noah himself. Isn’t +there any Mr. Noah in the sky?”</p> + +<p>“Well, Betty,” said Uncle Henry, “There isn’t +any constellation that’s named for Noah, but he +was a great hunter, and since there is a great hunter +in the sky, we can call him Noah if we want to, even +if his last name is <cite>Orion</cite>.”</p> + +<p>“Noah O’Ryan!” laughed Paul. “I know a boy +named Michael O’Ryan.”</p> + +<p>“It’s not the same spelling,” said Uncle Henry, as +he turned the flashlight on the blackboard while he +wrote the word upon +it, and underneath, +made three large +chalk dots, like this:</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/illo-053.png" width="262" height="243" alt="Orion" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“Find those three +stars,” said Uncle +Henry, “and you +will have the <cite>belt of +Orion</cite>. It ought not +to be hard to find +them, for there are +no other stars like<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> +them anywhere in the whole sky. Those three +stars have always attracted a lot of attention from +people in all times and countries. In the Bible Job +calls them ‘the bands of Orion’; the Arabs called +them ‘the Golden Nuts’; the fierce Masai Tribe in +Africa call them ‘the three old men’; the ancient +Chinese named Orion ‘Tsan,’ which means ‘three’; +and to the Eskimos these three stars appear to be +the three steps that a Starland Eskimo cuts in a +snowbank when he wants to climb to the top of it.”</p> + +<p>The children soon found <cite>Orion’s</cite> belt about a third +of the way up the southeastern sky.</p> + +<p>“Now,” said Uncle Henry, “see who can find his +shoulders first. Here is a piece of chalk for each of +you. Put the shoulders in as soon as you see them.”</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/illo-054.png" width="256" height="325" alt="Orion’s shoulders" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Paul found <cite>Orion’s</cite> right shoulder, and Betty his +left, and made large +chalk dots to show +how bright and +beautiful the stars +that mark the shoulders +are.</p> + +<p>“Oh, I see his +feet!” exclaimed +Betty delightedly.</p> + +<p>“Put them in +then,” said Uncle +Henry.</p> + +<p>Then <cite>Orion</cite> looked +like this on the +blackboard:</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span></p> + +<p>“I’ll tell you this much more,” said Uncle Henry, +“and then you must finish <cite>Orion</cite> by yourselves. He +has a great club, raised, ready to strike, in his right +hand, and he holds a lion’s skin on his left arm, as a +shield.”</p> + +<p>“What’s he going to hit at?” inquired Peter, with +his boy’s joy in battle uppermost.</p> + +<p>“At <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Taurus</i>, the wild bull,” said Uncle Henry. +“You can see that <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Taurus</i> is very fierce, and would enjoy +nothing better than to chase the twin star boys +round and round the sky. He might not really want +to hurt the boys, whose names are <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Castor</i> and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pollux</i>, +but <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Taurus</i>’ horns are very sharp and he doesn’t +know how to play gently, so it keeps <cite>Orion</cite> pretty +busy getting between him and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Gemini</i> and threatening +the bull with his club.”</p> + +<p>“What’s ‘jimini,’ Uncle Hen?” said Paul. “Sounds +like our swear word.”</p> + +<p>“It <em>is</em> the origin of it,” said Uncle Henry. “The +ancient Romans used to swear ‘by <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Gemini</i>,’ and it +has slowly been changed into your ‘jimini.’ <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Gemini</i> +is the Latin word that means ‘twins.’ We’ll find +them after we finish up <cite>Orion</cite> and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Taurus</i>, and then +you’ll see just how <cite>Orion</cite> keeps protecting them from +the bull.”</p> + +<p>“Hurry up, Uncle Hen!” urged Peter. “I’m +dreadful excited!”</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry did, and as a result <cite>Orion</cite> looked like +this:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-056.png" width="444" height="553" alt="Orion looked like this" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span></p> + +<p>“Ooh! he’s got a sword, too!” cried Paul, as Uncle +Henry added the three tiny stars below <cite>Orion’s</cite> belt, +and drew the outline around them.</p> + +<p>“Why didn’t he use the sword on <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Taurus?”</i> asked +Peter.</p> + +<p>“Because he knew <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Taurus</i> was only playing in his +rough way,” Uncle Henry replied.</p> + +<p>“Well, we’ve heard a lot about that bull,” said +Betty. “Let’s find him right away.”</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry said nothing, but took the chalk from +Betty and drew a light line from <cite>Orion’s</cite> right foot +to his left shoulder, and continued it upward about +the same distance. (<a href="#Winter">20</a>)</p> + +<p>“There,” he said, “that point is just between the +bull’s horns and over his right eye. The right eye +of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Taurus</i> is a very bright star called <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aldebaran</i>. +Anybody see it?”</p> + +<p>“Oh, I do!” said Paul. “What, hasn’t <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Taurus</i> +any left eye, Uncle Hen?”</p> + +<p>“He has,” said Uncle Henry, “but he has it closed +just now. He’s winking it at <cite>Orion</cite> as much as to +say, ‘Oh, I act fierce, but I wouldn’t hurt those +twins after all. I’m just playing.’ Go ahead and +put in the stars for the bull’s head and horns as fast +as you find them, youngsters.”</p> + +<p>The children did, and when Uncle Henry had +showed them the fore legs and shoulder, which contains +the beautiful little group of faint stars called +the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pleiades</i>, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Taurus</i> looked like this:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-058.png" width="445" height="447" alt="Taurus" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“Now we want the twins!” cried Betty.</p> + +<p>“All right,” said Uncle Henry, “follow a line +straight up the bull’s left horn and a little more than +the length of the horn beyond its tip and you will +reach <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Castor</i>, the head of the fainter twin.” (<a href="#Winter">21</a>)</p> + +<p>Peter and Paul began to show great interest, because +they were twins themselves. They demanded +that each be allowed to select one of the sky children +and finish him completely, without Uncle Henry’s +assistance.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-059.png" width="419" height="633" alt="Castor and Pollux" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span></p> + +<p>Paul, having first choice because he was twenty +minutes younger than Peter, selected <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pollux</i>, and +Peter had to be contented with the less bright <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Castor</i>.</p> + +<p>It was not a difficult task for either of the boys, +after finding the twin star <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Castor</i>, for the head of +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pollux</i> is quite close beside it and the bodies of both +star children stand side by side, with the feet just +above <cite>Orion’s</cite> uplifted club.</p> + +<p>When <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Gemini</i>, the twins, were finished, the blackboard +looked like this, and since the children’s +fingers were so stiff with the cold that they could +hardly hold the chalk, Uncle Henry moved that +the Society of Star-Gazers adjourn until the next +evening.</p> +<hr class="l1" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span></p> + + +<h2>SECOND WINTER EVENING</h2> + +<p class="sh">IN WHICH THE DOGS OF ORION AND GEMINI FOLLOW +THEIR MASTERS, PEGASUS ESCAPES AS USUAL, AND +ANDROMEDA GETS A NICE SOFT BED OF HAY IN +PLACE OF HER HARD OLD ROCK</p> + +<p>“<span class="smcap">Uncle Hen</span>,” said Peter, when the Society was +assembled round the blackboard, in overcoats and +mittens, on the following night, “what is that very +bright star that is down behind <cite>Orion?</cite> It looks sort +of important to me.”</p> + +<p>“Right you are, Pete,” answered Uncle Henry, +looking where the boy pointed, “it <em>is</em> important. It +is the star <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sirius</i>, the brightest star in the whole +sky. We’ll begin with it and find <cite>Orion’s</cite> dog, or +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Canis Major</i>, which is Latin for ‘bigger dog.’”</p> + +<p>“That’s great!” exclaimed Paul, “you told us last +Summer that we’d find him this Christmas-time.”</p> + +<p>“So I did,” agreed Uncle Henry. “Well, you can +always find <cite>Orion’s</cite> dog by drawing a line through +<cite>Orion’s</cite> belt and extending it behind him until it +meets <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sirius</i>. (<a href="#Winter">22</a>) You can’t miss it because it’s so +bright. Everybody see it?”</p> + +<p>Everybody did.</p> + +<p>“Now,” went on Uncle Henry, “extend the line +that came from <cite>Orion’s</cite> belt, curving it slightly +downward after it passes through <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sirius</i>, and you +will have the dog’s backbone. Put in the chalk<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> +dots as we find the stars, Pete. Now draw lines +upward and downward from <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sirius</i>, at right angles +to the backbone line and you will have the dog’s +forelegs and ears. At a point on the backbone about +twice the length of the foreleg from <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sirius</i>, you will +find another fairly bright star, and below it a little +way another star. Connect these two and keep on +with the line, at right angles to the backbone, and +you will find one hind foot. The other is not far +in front of it. Yes, that’s right, Betty, there’s a star +in the tip of his tail, too. And the three stars near +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sirius</i> make <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Canis Major’s</i> nose.”</p> + +<p>The children soon finished the skeleton and Uncle +Henry took the chalk and put the flesh upon it. +Then the dog of <cite>Orion</cite> looked like this:</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-062.png" width="444" height="251" alt="The dog of Orion" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“He’s a faithful old fellow, isn’t he?” said Betty, +“to always follow Mr. <cite>Orion</cite> around like that?”</p> + +<p>“I’m not always sure,” said Uncle Henry,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span> +“whether the dog of <cite>Orion</cite> would always be so +faithful if it wasn’t for the rabbit that is always +just ahead of him, almost under <cite>Orion’s</cite> feet.”</p> + +<p>“Oh, show us the rabbit!” cried Betty. Her +father had promised her that when they all went to +live in a house in the country, she should have a +pair of them for her very own.</p> + +<p>“All right, Betty,” said Uncle Henry. “You can +find <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Lepus</i>, the rabbit, yourself. The three rather +faint stars just below <cite>Orion’s</cite> right foot make the +curve of his back. Join them together with a curved +line and extend it forward and downward until it +passes through two brighter stars. The lowest of +these is in the fore-shoulder of the rabbit. Now +draw lines backward from both of these brighter +stars, at about right angles to the line that joins them, +and you will find the rabbit’s hind hip and hind +foot. He is lying down for a moment to rest. You +see he’s been galloping away from <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Canis Major</i> for +such a long time that he is tired.”</p> + +<p>“Poor little rabbit!” cried Betty, and her little +face looked so pitiful in the light of the electric torch +that Uncle Henry hastened to reassure her by saying +that the big dog had never yet caught the rabbit, and +by the very nature of things never could. Then she +took heart to go on putting in the stars.</p> + +<p>“Now,” said Uncle Henry, “you can find the star +in the rabbit’s eye by drawing a line forward from +the upper one of the brighter stars, and the star in +his fore-foot by drawing another forward and downward +from his fore-shoulder. That finishes his +skeleton, all except his ears. They are made by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> +finding four faint stars just under <cite>Orion’s</cite> left foot, +and using two of them in each ear.”</p> + +<p>“Now can I draw his outline in, too?” asked +Betty. “I want to make every bit of him myself.”</p> + +<p>“Of course you can!” exclaimed Uncle Henry +indulgently.</p> + +<p>“You’ve got to let me make all of the horse, then, +when we come to him!” exclaimed Peter.</p> + +<p>“In just a little while, Pete,” said Uncle Henry, +“we’re making the rabbit now.”</p> + +<p>“All right,” agreed Peter.</p> + +<p>Betty had looked longingly at rabbits in pet +stores so often that she really did very well at drawing +the outline of the sky-rabbit.</p> + +<p>We leave it to you to better it. You can’t—unless +you love rabbits more than she did.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-064.png" width="453" height="319" alt="The rabbit" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span></p> + +<p>Betty’s brothers were quite astonished, and pleased +the little girl immensely by clapping their hands +when the rabbit was finished.</p> + +<p>“Now let me do the horse!” demanded Peter.</p> + +<p>“What’ll be left for me to do?” inquired Paul +wistfully, “if you let Pete do the horse?”</p> + +<p>“That’ll be all right, Paul,” reassured Uncle +Henry, “the sky horse is very large, but we’ll give +you two smaller animals to do yourself to make up +for him—<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aries</i>, the ram, and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Canis Minor</i>, the +smaller dog.”</p> + +<p>“Fine,” agreed Paul. “I know all ’bout rams.”</p> + +<p>The children laughed gleefully. Paul had been +butted over once by a ram when they were on a +summer visit to their grandfather’s farm.</p> + +<p>“Well, Pete,” said Uncle Henry briskly, “you’ll +find <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i>, the horse, grazing clear on the other +side of the star field. Somebody built a box stall +for him over there, but he’s so big and strong that +he doesn’t stay in it except when he feels like it. He’s +all the time leaping the fence and escaping. When +you find him, you’ll see that he’s doing that very +thing now. In fact, you’ll catch him right in the act!”</p> + +<p>“Oh, let’s hurry then!” said Peter, “he might +be out before we see him do it!”</p> + +<p>“Everybody find the big dipper,” directed Uncle +Henry. “You remember how we found the pole star +in the tip of the little bear’s tail by drawing a line +up through the ‘pointer stars’ of the dipper’s bowl, +on the side away from the handle? Well, do that +again now, and follow the line through the pole star,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> +passing behind <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cassiopeia</i> in her chair, and continuing +until your line passes through two fairly +bright stars quite a distance apart. (<a href="#Winter">23</a>) A line connecting +these stars marks the top edge of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i>’ +box stall, which is called ‘the square of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i>.’”</p> + +<p>“<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cassiopeia</i> is about halfway between the pole +star and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i>. A line drawn from the pole star +through the back of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cassiopeia’s</i> chair will reach the +two stars that form the lower corners of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i>’ +box stall.” (<a href="#Winter">24</a>)</p> + +<p>“Oh, I see the square now,” said Peter.</p> + +<p>“Me, too,” said Paul.</p> + +<p>“It’s very big, isn’t it?” said Betty.</p> + +<p>“Yes,” agreed Uncle Henry, “and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i> is big, +too. He is upside down just now, with his head just +above the western horizon. His nose points northward +toward <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Delphinus</i> and his neck curves up +from the side of the box stall that’s away from the +pole star. His fore feet curve up from the side of the +square that is toward the pole star, and both feet +point toward the swan.”</p> + +<p>“I see him now,” cried Peter, and began putting +in the chalk dots and lines for the framework of the +box stall and the skeleton of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i>’ head and forelegs, +which are all of him that can be seen. As Uncle +Henry said, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i> is just in the act of jumping out +of his stall.</p> + +<p>When Peter had finished drawing <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i>, the +horse of poets looked like this. Uncle Henry put in +the arrows pointing from the pole star, and the +skeletons of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Delphinus</i> and the swan.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-067.png" width="568" height="446" alt="The arrows" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span></p> + +<p>“It seems to me,” observed Paul sagely, “that +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i>’ box stall is a lot too small for him.”</p> + +<p>“That’s why he is all the time jumping out and +running away,” explained Uncle Henry. “I told +you that we should catch him in the act. He’s +always at it.”</p> + +<p>“Pete’s had his turn; now I want to find the ram +and the little dog,” said Paul.</p> + +<p>“If you’ll wait just a little longer,” said Uncle +Henry, “I’d like to show Betty the last of the sky +ladies, because she’s right close to <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i>.”</p> + +<p>Paul’s face fell a little, but he said, “Ladies first, +of course,” as any gentleman would.</p> + +<p>“I said she was a lady,” said Uncle Henry, “but +I’m not so sure that she is acting like one. In fact, +she is in an attitude that few ladies would like to be +seen in, at least not in the plain view of everybody +who looks at the sky.”</p> + +<p>“What’s she doing, Uncle Henry?” inquired +Betty, in a tone that said, “I guess it can’t be anything +so <em>very</em> bad.”</p> + +<p>Betty was herself fond of climbing trees, in +spite of motherly disapproval of such tomboy +activities.</p> + +<p>“She’s lying flat on her back, with her arms and +legs sprawled out and her head resting against the +corner of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i>’ box stall. I should think it might +be very uncomfortable for her, unless she is lying +on a pile of hay, for <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda</i> has been there a +very long time in the same position. The ancient +Greeks said that <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda</i> was chained to a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span> +rock. Let’s not have her that way; it would be so +disagreeable.”</p> + +<p>“She’s probably asleep and doesn’t notice, but +we’ll give her the hay,” said Betty. “There’s +nobody to tell her not to lie down where she likes. +How do we find her, Uncle Henry?”</p> + +<p>“First look for her head,” said Uncle Henry. “It +is the same star we found forming the lower corner +of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i>’ square on the side toward the pole star. +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda’s</i> feet are just below the W-shaped +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cassiopeia</i>. A line drawn from the swan’s beak +through his tail, and extended across the sky, will +reach the stars in the feet. (<a href="#Autumn">25</a>) Another line drawn +diagonally across the square of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i> to <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda’s</i> +head and extended will pass along her body, +and farther on, her left foot will be seen just above +the line. You see her now, don’t you, Betty?”</p> + +<p>“Yes,” said Betty, “and I think I see her +arms.”</p> + +<p>“All right, draw her in,” Uncle Henry encouraged.</p> + +<p>Betty did, but didn’t think she could draw well +enough to outline the sleeping girl, so Uncle Henry +did that. Then <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda</i> looked like this:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-070.png" width="447" height="655" alt="Andromeda" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span></p> + +<p>Betty added a few lines to show that <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda</i> +was lying on a pile of hay, instead of being chained +to that hard rock the Greeks insisted upon.</p> + +<p>“What is that fuzzy little star just to her right, +about at her hip?” asked Paul.</p> + +<p>“I’m glad you noticed that,” said Uncle Henry. +“The astronomers who lived ever so long ago, long +before the birth of Christ Jesus, noticed that it looked +‘fuzzy,’ just as you have, and called it ‘the little +cloud.’ It is now called ‘The Great Nebula in +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda</i>.’ If you looked at it through a telescope +you would see that it is not one star, but a great +many. Some of them, as astronomers who live now +tell us, are as large as our sun.”</p> + +<p>“Ooh, how wonderful!” said Betty softly, and the +boys’ faces showed that they thought so, too.</p> + +<p>“Some night,” promised Uncle Henry, “we’ll +bring up a little telescope and look at ‘the little +cloud’ again. It is a fine sight.”</p> + +<p>“Now,” said Paul after a moment, “please can +I find the ram and the little dog?”</p> + +<p>“Certainly,” said Uncle Henry. “Just as <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Canis +Major</i>, the bigger dog, follows <cite>Orion</cite> and belongs to +him, so <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Canis Minor</i>, the littler dog, follows and belongs +to the star children, the twins named <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Gemini</i>.”</p> + +<p>“Ooh!” exclaimed Betty, “just like ‘Rags’ belongs +to Peter and Paul! We’ll call the little dog +‘Rags’ when Paul finds him.”</p> + +<p>“Fine!” laughed Uncle Henry, “but I warn you +that he won’t come when you call him as well as the +real live ‘Rags’ answers to his name.”<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span></p> + +<p>“Where do I start?” inquired Paul, anxious to +have his chance to draw.</p> + +<p>“At the feet of the twins,” directed Uncle Henry. +“Draw a line through their feet and extend it away +from the feet of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pollux</i>, in the direction away from +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Taurus</i>, the bull. (<a href="#Winter">26</a>) At a point about as far away +from the foot of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pollux</i> as the height of the twins you +will find a bright star, and between it and the foot of +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pollux</i> a fainter one. Draw a line to connect them, +and you have the little dog’s backbone. You can +fill in the rest of him any way you like, for those are +the only two stars he has in him. I’ll tell you one +thing, though. The brighter star is at the little +dog’s tail instead of his head. The opposite was the +case with <cite>Orion’s</cite> dog.”</p> + +<p>The children found the two stars very easily and +Paul put down dots of the right size to represent them. +Then he drew the outline of the little sky dog, making +him an Airedale, as you can see, so that he might be the +same as his beloved flesh and blood name-sake “Rags.”</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-072.png" width="447" height="180" alt="The dog" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“Now that we’ve found the two dogs, that makes +it easy to find <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cancer</i> the Crab,” said Uncle Henry.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> +“Just draw a line from <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sirius</i>, in the Big Dog, +through the Little Dog, and extend it almost as far +again. (<a href="#Winter">27</a>) That’s right. Now what do you see?”</p> + +<p>The children searched the sky for some time, and +Betty finally said, “Sort of a sprawly bunch of six +or eight rather faint stars.”</p> + +<p>“Make little chalk-dots for them, then, Betty, and +we’ll try our best to make them look like a crab.”</p> + +<p>This shows how <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cancer</i> the crab looked when he +was finished on the blackboard, and how he crawls +in the sky away from <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Canis Major</i> and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Gemini</i>, the +twin boys. Perhaps he has learned by experience to +leave boys and dogs as far behind as possible.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-073.png" width="443" height="398" alt="Cancer" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span></p> + +<p>“Now let’s find the ram!” said Paul. “I want to +draw him.”</p> + +<p>“The ram,” said Uncle Henry, “is very small, and +is made of only three stars. A line drawn from the +top corner of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i>’ box stall, on the side next +the pole, going straight down the side, and extended +below it one and a half times the height of the stall, +will point to the ram. (<a href="#Winter">28</a>) You can also locate +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aries</i>, the Ram, by drawing a line from the star +in the swan’s tail, across the stars in <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda’s</i> +hips, and beyond them a little more than the distance +from her head to her hips. Don’t mistake a +little triangle of stars that you will see just below +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda’s</i> left leg for the three stars of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aries</i>. +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aries</i> is a triangle, also, but it has <em>two</em> fairly bright +stars, while the triangle has only <em>one</em>. Do you all see +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aries</i>, the Ram?”</p> + +<p>The children had all found it after a few moments, +as well as the triangle under <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda’s</i> feet. When +Paul had made the chalk dots and lines for <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aries</i>’ +skeleton, Uncle Henry drew the outline around them +and the ram looked like this. You will see that in +order to show <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aries</i> right side up, the blackboard +had to be turned so that <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda</i> was upside down.</p> + +<p>“While we are in the neighborhood of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i> and +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda</i> and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aries</i> the Ram we may as well find +the two fishes. One of them, called the <cite>Northern +Fish</cite>, lies just about halfway between <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda’s</i> +body and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aries</i>—and the other, called the <cite>Western +Fish</cite>, lies just back of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i>’ box stall, quite close +to the water jar of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aquarius</i>. (<a href="#Winter">29</a>)<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-075.png" width="445" height="438" alt="Find the fishes" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“The two fishes are tied together by their tails. +The cord or ribbon runs eastward from the tail of +the <cite>Western Fish</cite>, running about parallel to the side +of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i>’ stall, and then makes a sharp angle, +coming back toward <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda</i>, where it is fastened +to the <cite>Northern Fish’s</cite> tail.”</p> + +<p>When <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pisces</i>, or “The Fishes” were found and +drawn with chalk they were in this relation to +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pegasus</i>, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda</i>, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aries</i>, and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aquarius</i>’ Jar.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-076.png" width="654" height="444" alt="Pisces" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span></p> + +<p>“While I think of it,” said Uncle Henry, “I want +to tell you that sometimes you may find a very +bright star in a constellation where it doesn’t seem +to belong. If you watch it for a few nights you will +see that it moves. It isn’t a star at all, but a <cite>planet</cite> +or “wanderer.” Sometime I’ll show you how to +know all the planets by sight and name. You will +never see them except in the zodiac constellations, so +they need not confuse you. And now I think all of +us had better go downstairs and get warm before we +go to bed. Besides, we want to leave a little to do +to-morrow night, and there are only two constellations +left now.”</p> + +<p>“Only two?” cried the children in disappointment.</p> + +<p>“Only two that we can see well,” assured Uncle +Henry.</p> + +<p>“Well,” said Peter, “I guess we’d better have the +Society adjourn. I move we adjourn.”</p> + +<p>“Second the motion,” said Paul, with true parliamentary +solemnity.</p> + +<p>“Carried,” murmured Betty, who was beginning +to get sleepy in spite of herself.</p> +<hr class="l1"/> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span></p> + + +<h2>THIRD WINTER EVENING</h2> + +<p class="sh">THE SKY CLOUDED OVER, BUT PETER FOUND THE +STAR PEOPLE HIDING IN THE ALMANAC—PAUL +FOUND HIS HEAD WAS THE WORLD—AND THE +“SOCIETY” FOUND OUT ABOUT THE SWASTIKA AND +THE ZODIAC, AND HOW YOU TELL WHEN A DIPPER IS +A PLOUGH AND WHEN IT’S A WAGON</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Next</span> evening Peter and Paul carried the blackboard +to the roof after supper, but soon returned in +disappointment. The sky had all clouded over! The +evening’s session of the “Society of Star-Gazers” +was spoiled. Its members stood in a circle about +Uncle Henry and looked hopefully at him. Never +yet had he failed to make good in an emergency.</p> + +<p>“Well, it can’t be helped,” said Uncle Henry +cheerfully. “We’ll just have to bring Starland down +here into our playroom for this evening. Suppose +you get me—let’s see—about a dozen sheets of paper +from a big scratch pad, some of Betty’s colored +crayons—they had better be the dark-colored ones—and +a good-sized sheet of stiff cardboard or Bristol +board. Yes, and some pins and an Almanac. Betty’ll +get the colored pencils, Paul the cardboard, and +Peter the sheets of paper and the pins. I’ll borrow +the Almanac from Katy. She has one in the +kitchen.”</p> + +<p>The children scattered for the materials and Uncle<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span> +Henry took the shade off the electric lamp that stood +on the playroom table.</p> + +<p>When everybody was back in the playroom with +the things needed the Society gathered around +Uncle Henry and asked,</p> + +<p>“Where do we go from here, Uncle Hen?”</p> + +<p>“Out into Starland,” said Uncle Henry, spreading +out his arms wide. “This room is the universe. This +lamp with the shade off is the sun. Imagine that the +pictures on the walls are groups of stars, the constellations, +the star-people we have been finding in +the sky right along. Imagine that there are pictures +on the ceiling, too, and on the floor. Lots of them, all +over the six sides of this square room.</p> + +<p>“Now Paul, you have a nice round head and have +just had a hair-cut. Your head can be the earth. +Just walk around the table once or twice until we +get used to thinking about your head as the world. +It seems rather small at first. That’s right. Now +you’re going around the sun the way the earth does, +from right to left, just opposite to the way the clock-hands +go. You go once around the sun every year.”</p> + +<p>“The earth of course spins on its axis, too, just +like a top, while it is circling round the sun. It turns +round completely every twenty-four hours, from +West to East. Paul, see if you can spin like a top +while you are going round the lamp. Spin from right +to left, just opposite to the way the clock-hands go.”</p> + +<p>Paul did his best to spin and walk at the same +time, and Uncle Henry showed Peter and Betty that +the side of Paul’s head that was toward the lamp was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span> +always bright, while the other side was always in +shadow. As Paul turned on his axis from right to +left his face became lighted, then the right side of his +head, then its back, then the left side, and so on, +round and round.</p> + +<p>Part of the time Paul was facing a picture on one +wall and the next minute his back was toward that +picture and he was looking at another picture on the +opposite wall, across the lamp.</p> + +<p>These two drawings show how Paul faced the two +pictures one after the other.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Night and Day"> +<tr><td><div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-080a.png" width="254" height="181" alt="Night on Paul’s Face" title="" /> +</div></td> + +<td><div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-080b.png" width="252" height="177" alt="Day on Paul’s Face" title="" /> +</div></td></tr> +</table> + +<p>“Now tell me,” commanded Uncle Henry, “which +picture you see the plainest—is it the one you see +when your back is to the lamp—or is it the one you +see when you face the lamp, and look across it toward +the picture on the wall beyond?”</p> + +<p>“The lamp is so bright without a shade that it +blinds me when I try to see the picture beyond it,” +said Paul.</p> + +<p>“Oh, I see! I see!” said Betty, beginning to hop +up and down. “Can I tell, Uncle Henry?”<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span></p> + +<p>“Surely,” laughed Uncle Henry, “what do you +see?”</p> + +<p>“When Paul faces the picture with his back to the +lamp,” said Betty, “it’s night on his face, and day +on the back of his head! Is that right?”</p> + +<p>“Yes, go on,” encouraged Uncle Henry.</p> + +<p>“And so he can see that picture better, ’cause the +lamplight isn’t in his eyes. But when he faces the +lamp and looks across it, then it’s day in his face, +and night on the back of his head, and he can’t see +the picture beyond the lamp very well, ’cause the +sun-lamp shines in his eyes.”</p> + +<p>“So that’s why we can only see the stars at night!” +said Peter.</p> + +<p>“Yes, that’s why the moon and the stars come out +only when it gets dark,” said Uncle Henry. “You +see the earth turns round and carries us to its dark +side, the side that is away from the sun. We say +‘The sun has set.’ Then when the sun glare is +gone from our eyes we can see the sky-pictures, just +as Paul sees one picture better with his back to the +lamp than he does the other when he has to look +through the lamp-light toward it.”</p> + +<p>“And the stars are in the sky all day long, whether +we see them or not?” asked Paul.</p> + +<p>“Certainly,” said Uncle Henry. “If you could +look up at the sky from the bottom of a very deep +well, or a tall chimney, so that the sun-light was +kept out of your eyes, you could see the stars shining +in the daytime. There is a long deep tunnel in the +great pyramid of Egypt that goes up and out from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span> +the centre of its base toward its north side at just the +right angle so that the ancient Egyptians could +always see the pole star through it—no matter +whether it was night or daytime. You see the +pole star never rises or sets, because it is always +right over the end of the axis that the earth +spins on.”</p> + +<p>This picture shows how the tunnel in the great +pyramid always pointed to the north star because +the tunnel is always parallel to the axis the earth +spins on.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-082.png" width="379" height="246" alt="The tunnel is always parallel" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>When the pyramid was built, the star in the tip +of the little bear’s tail was not the pole star, as it is +now. At that time the star that was nearest the pole +was one of those in the dragon. Since the pole of the +earth goes round in a complete circle among the +stars every 25,000 years, the star in <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Draco</i> will some +time be the pole-star again—in, say 20,000 more +years!<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span></p> + +<p>Peter had picked up the Almanac that Uncle +Henry had borrowed from Katy and suddenly +cried,</p> + +<p>“Oh, Uncle Henry, the Almanac has a lot of the +Star People in it. It calls them ‘The Signs of the +Zodiac.’ What’s the Zodiac, Uncle Hen?”</p> + +<p>“We are going to find out right away, Pete,” said +Uncle Henry, “but first we must draw pictures of the +twelve star folks that are the Zodiac signs. That +means three drawings apiece. Pull up your chairs to +the table and we’ll draw on the sheets of scratch +paper with Betty’s colored pencils. Paul, you do the +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Virgo</i>, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Leo</i>, and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cancer</i> the Crab; Peter will draw +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Gemini</i> the Twins, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Taurus</i> the Bull, and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aries</i> the +Ram; Betty will do the Fishes, called <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pisces</i> in Latin, +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aquarius</i> the Water Carrier, and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Capricornus</i> the +Goat; while I will draw <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sagittarius</i> the Archer, +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Scorpio</i>, and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Libra</i> the Balance. All old friends of +ours.”</p> + +<p>“We’ll put the Almanac here in the middle of the +table where we can all see it while we copy the +‘signs,’ one on each sheet of paper.”</p> + +<p>Everybody was very busy indeed for about half +an hour. At the end of that time the twelve rough +drawings were done and pinned up at equal distances +apart around the walls of the playroom, three on +each of the four walls. They were arranged around +the room in the same order in which Uncle Henry +had assigned them. The room then looked like this, +though of course you see only three walls in a picture. +You must imagine how the fourth wall looked.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-084.png" width="438" height="231" alt="Then the room looked like this" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“Now Paul, suppose you walk around the table +again, spinning on your own axis as you go, and we’ll +try to find out what the Zodiac is. You notice that +the pictures are all pinned on the walls at the same +height from the floor, which is just the height of the +electric lamp bulb, and just the height of Paul’s +head too, no matter where he is in his walk around +the lamp. The twelve constellations, or signs of the +Zodiac are in the real sky also on the same level with +the earth and the sun, no matter where the earth is +in its journey round the sun. Astronomers say it this +way: they say that the earth revolves around the sun +‘in the plane of the ecliptic.’ That simply means that +if the sun was in the centre of an enormous horizontal +pane of glass, the earth and all the signs of the +Zodiac would also always be touching the pane of +glass, which would then represent the ‘plane of the +ecliptic.’ Put an l in ‘pane’ and you have ‘plane.’”</p> + +<p>“Is each sign for a month?” asked Peter. “I see +there are twelve of them.”<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span></p> + +<p>“That’s correct,” said Uncle Henry, “and you +want to notice that as Paul walks round the lamp +and looks across it at the signs on the wall beyond +it, the lamp seems to Paul to move from one picture +to the next.”</p> + +<p>This picture is drawn as if the ceiling of the room +was taken off and you could look down on Paul +walking around the lamp.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-085.png" width="439" height="353" alt="As if the ceiling of the room was taken off" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>When it is January first, Paul, representing the +earth, is in the position marked A, nearest to the +picture of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Gemini</i> behind him, while the lamp, +representing the sun, appears to him to be entering +the sign of the Zodiac called <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sagittarius</i>, directly +opposite across the room. Later, on April first,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span> +after three months, Paul, or the earth, has traveled +a quarter of the way around the sun, has passed +the pictures of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Cancer</i> and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Leo</i> on the wall behind +him, and stands nearest <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Virgo</i> in the position +marked B. The lamp has also seemed to +move through a quarter circle, has passed through +the signs of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Capricornus</i> and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aquarius</i>, and appears +to Paul to be just entering the sign of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pisces</i>, or the +Fishes. In the same way the earth moves through a +sign of the Zodiac every month and the sun, while +really motionless, <em>appears</em> to also travel through a +sign every month. Of course we cannot see the sign +or constellation, where the sun appears to be, at the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span> +same time we see the sun, for his brightness makes +the stars invisible, but if we <em>could</em> see the constellations +by day, the sun would appear to travel from +one sign of the Zodiac to the next every month.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-086.png" width="374" height="375" alt="The Zodiac" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Here is a clock of the year which shows the earth +at one end of the hand, the sun in the middle, and +at the other end of the hand an arrow, which points +to the sign of the Zodiac where the sun appears to be, +and to the date when it seems to be there to an +observer on the earth. Draw the hand with the +earth-end in several different positions and you will +see that the sun, if viewed from the earth, would +appear to be in the sign of the Zodiac exactly opposite.</p> + +<p>When the children all understood the way the +Zodiac divides the yearly path of the earth into +twelve equal parts, Betty said, “I want to know why +the geography globe at school always looks just as +if it was going to tip over.”</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry laughed. “If you think the geography +globe looks unsteady because its axis of iron rod +is on a slant, what will you think about the earth +when I tell you that it spins around in just the same +slanting position, with only an <em>imaginary</em> line for +axis?”</p> + +<p>“Does it really?” asked Betty.</p> + +<p>“Yes,” said Uncle Henry, “and it spins so steadily +in that slanting position that the north end of its +imaginary axis always points toward the same place, +a point very close to the north star, or <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Polaris</i> as it +is called.”<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span></p> + +<p>“<i>Polaris</i> is named for the North Pole, I suppose,” +said Peter.</p> + +<p>“That’s right,” Uncle Henry replied. “Let’s get +some scissors and we’ll use our big sheet of cardboard +to make a cap for Paul’s head that will show +you just how the slant of the earth’s axis makes it +hotter in summer and colder in winter.”</p> + +<p>“Ooh!” exclaimed Paul, “I always thought it was +hot in summer because the earth got nearer to the +sun then.”</p> + +<p>“Lots of people think that, too,” said Uncle Henry, +“but it isn’t so. The earth is really farther from the +sun in summer.”</p> + +<p>Betty ran for the scissors, and Uncle Henry cut +out a big circle from the stiff cardboard. Then he +cut out an opening in the centre of it that fitted +Paul’s head just as a stiff straw hat would that was +a size too big for him. The circle of cardboard +dropped down until it rested on Paul’s ears and on +the bridge of his nose. This cardboard brim represented +the “plane of the earth’s equator,” just as the +pane of glass represented the “plane of the ecliptic.” +Since the “plane of the equator” is always +at right angles to the slanting axis of the earth, the +“plane of the equator” is always at a slant to the +“plane of the ecliptic.”</p> + +<p>If you will run a long hat-pin through an orange, +and sink the orange exactly to its middle in a glass +bowl filled with water, holding the hat-pin at a slant, +you will see that the equator of the orange is at a +slant with the surface of the water. Half of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span> +orange’s equator curves up above the water, while +half of it curves down under the water’s surface. +If you fasten a cardboard ring around the orange +at the equator the cardboard will then be at an +angle with the surface of the water, which represents +the “plane of the ecliptic.”</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry cut two long strips from what was +left of the cardboard and crossed the strips over the +top of Paul’s head, fastening the four ends of them +to the round cardboard brim close to his head.</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/illo-089.png" width="258" height="257" alt="Paul looked very funny" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>After this Uncle Henry rolled a sheet of the scratch +paper round a pencil, put rubber bands tightly +around it, cut the end to bend up and make a foot +and pinned the foot to the cardboard strips at the +place where they crossed. When Paul had it all on he +looked very funny +with the pencil sticking +straight up from +the top of his head, +and his eyes just +peeping over the +cardboard brim on +each side of the +strip down the middle +of his nose.</p> + +<p>“Now come on, +Mr. Earth,” said +Uncle Henry, “It’s time for you to spin round the +lamp-sun for another year or two.”</p> + +<p>So Paul held his head on a slant and kept it so that +the pencil always pointed in the same direction as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span> +he went round the lamp. These four little pictures +show how he looked at the four sides of the sun where +the earth is in Winter, Spring, Summer, and Autumn.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-090.png" width="441" height="266" alt="Paul held his head on a slant" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“Now,” said Uncle Henry, “you see that if we +make a black dot on one of the cardboard strips +about halfway between the cardboard brim, or the +earth’s equator, and the pencil, or the North Pole, it +will be about as far north as we are in the United +States. And when Paul is in his Summer position, +with the pencil slanting <em>toward</em> the ‘sun,’ you see +that the sun’s rays beat down much straighter on the +black dot than they do when he is on the other side +of the lamp, with the pole slanting <em>away</em> from the +‘sun.’ That is why the Winter sun appears to be +lower in the sky at noon than the Summer sun, and +also why the Summer sun shines hotter on the earth +than it does in Winter. Notice, too, that the rays +from the lamp light up Paul’s head for quite a little<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span> +way beyond the foot of the ‘pole’ when it slants +<em>toward</em> the ‘sun,’ while when it slants <em>away</em> from the +‘sun’ the rays fail to reach the ‘pole’ at all. This +means that in summer the sun shines a longer time +upon the part of the earth that slants toward it. If +you could look down from the ceiling at Paul’s head +in his Summer position and in his Winter one you +would see why.”</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry quickly drew these two pictures of +the top of a globe to show the children why the days +are long in Summer and short in Winter at any point +in the United States.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-091.png" width="445" height="189" alt="Two pictures of the top of a globe" title="" /> +</div> + +<div class="centered sw"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Winter and Summer"> +<tr><td class="col10">The Winter Day</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="col10">The Summer Day</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col11"> +lasts while the black dot on the +earth travels from A to B—less +than half-way round.</td> +<td> </td> +<td class="col11"> +lasts while the black dot on the +earth travels from C to D—more +than half-way round.</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>“It’s just like the hot water bottle mother kept in +my bed that time I had a chill after swimming,” +said Paul. “The hotter it was before she put it in +the bed the slower it cooled off.”</p> + +<p>“That’s the idea,” said Uncle Henry, “the longer +the sun shines on any place on the earth the hotter<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span> +it gets, and when the nights are as short as they are +in Summer the place hasn’t long to cool off before +it is round in the sun’s hot rays again. Now do you +see why Summer is hotter than Winter?”</p> + +<p>The children did.</p> + +<p>“There’s one thing I don’t understand, though,” +said Peter. “Why are there different stars in the +sky in Winter than there are in Summer?”</p> + +<p>“That’s easy to answer,” said Uncle Henry. +“Look at Paul again—first when it’s ‘night’ on his +face on the ‘Summer’ side of the lamp, and then +when it is ‘night’ on his face on the ‘Winter’ side of +the lamp.</p> + +<p>“At ‘night’ in Summer Paul looks at the pictures +on one end of the room. The cardboard brim, or +‘plane of the equator,’ is slanted <em>up</em>, above the +‘plane of the ecliptic.’”</p> + +<p>This picture shows how Paul looked.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-092.png" width="435" height="294" alt="How Paul looked" title="" /> +</div><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span></p> + +<p>“But in Winter, at ‘night,’ Paul looks at quite +different pictures, at the other end of the room. The +cardboard brim is slanted <em>down</em>, below the level of +the ‘plane of the ecliptic.’ This is why the path of +the Winter Signs crosses the sky higher up than +the path of the Summer Signs. In both Winter and +Summer you must imagine the cardboard brim to +be as transparent as glass, for the ‘plane of the +equator’ is in reality only imaginary.”</p> + +<p>This next picture shows how Paul looked at the +constellations at “night” in Winter.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-094.png" width="660" height="443" alt="How Paul looked at “night” in Winter" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“Of course the north star and the stars for a +considerable distance round the pole never set, and +can be seen all night at any time of the year. It is +only the ones that rise and set that go and come from +our sight with the seasons. In reality they never +leave us, for if it wasn’t for the sunlight getting in +our eyes by day, we could see the Summer night +star-pictures in the Winter daytime, and the Winter +night star people in the Summer daytime. We are +just looking at opposite ends of our big room in the +universe on Winter nights and Summer nights, that’s +all,” said Uncle Henry.</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry took some folded papers from his +pocket and spread them out on the table.</p> + +<p>“Here are four maps of the sky,” he said, “which +show the way it looks at different seasons at 9 o’clock +in the evening—on January 1st, April 1st, July 1st, +and October 1st. You will see that the groups of +stars around the pole are always in view, while the +rest of the star people change with the seasons, but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span> +even the groups around the pole change their positions +with the seasons.</p> + +<p>“You have all seen the <cite>Swastika</cite>. It has been +known and used as an ornament for hundreds of years, +all over the world—by the American Indians, the +Chinese, the East Indians, and many others. I’ll show +you where I think all these widely separated people got +the <cite>Swastika</cite>, and how it stands for the four seasons.”</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry drew four little pictures showing +the four positions in which the big dipper stands in +the four different seasons, with its “pointer stars” +always indicating the pole star.</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Round the pole star"> +<tr><td class="col12"><div class="figcenter2"> +<img src="images/illo-095a.png" width="196" height="164" alt="At the right of the pole +star in Winter." title="" /> +<br /><span class="caption">At the right of the pole +star in Winter.</span> +</div></td> + +<td class="col12"><div class="figcenter2"> +<img src="images/illo-095b.png" width="194" height="165" alt="Above the pole star in +Spring." title="" /> +<br /><span class="caption">Above the pole star in +Spring.</span> +</div></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="col12"><div class="figcenter2"> +<img src="images/illo-095c.png" width="194" height="165" alt="At the left of the pole +star in Summer." title="" /> +<br /><span class="caption">At the left of the pole +star in Summer.</span> +</div></td> + +<td class="col12"><div class="figcenter2"> +<img src="images/illo-095d.png" width="202" height="169" alt="Below the pole star in +Autumn." title="" /> +<br /><span class="caption">Below the pole star in +Autumn.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span></p> + +<p>Then he drew all four positions on one sheet of +paper, like this:</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-096a.png" width="219" height="165" alt="Round the pole star" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>And when heavy lines were drawn along the +handles of the dippers and across the pole star from +bowl to bowl the <cite>Swastika</cite> suddenly appeared like +this:</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-096b.png" width="216" height="165" alt="The Swastika" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>The Society of Star-Gazers was very enthusiastic +about the origin of the <cite>Swastika</cite>, and found the +dipper in its different positions on all of the four maps +that Uncle Henry had put on the table.</p> + +<p>You can see the position of the dipper and all the +other stars at January 1st, April 1st, July 1st, and +December 1st, at 9 o’clock in the evening, by looking +at the four maps inside the covers of this book.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span></p> + +<p>After the children had looked at all the four +maps as long as they wanted to, Uncle Henry +suddenly remembered to look at his watch and +exclaimed,</p> + +<p>“My goodness! I guess it’s about time the +Society adjourned for to-night. Ten o’clock! I’ll +get scolded for keeping you up so late.”</p> + +<p>“I want to ask just one thing more,” pleaded +Betty.</p> + +<p>“All right, what is it?” said Uncle Henry.</p> + +<p>“Who found all the sky people?”</p> + +<p>“Well,” said Uncle Henry, “now that’s a long +story. They were all found and named so long ago +that nobody knows who did it. The inventors of the +star people naturally thought they saw pictures in +the sky of the things they were familar with in +everyday life—the bear, the bull, the serpent, the +archer, and so on. If they had had any steam +engines then somebody would have drawn lines from +star to star until they had a picture of one in the sky. +In England the Great Bear or Dipper is usually +called the ‘Plough’ and you can see why</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-097.png" width="218" height="166" alt="The Plough" title="" /> +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span></p> + +<p>“It is also called ‘Charles’ Wain’ or wagon.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-098.png" width="218" height="168" alt="Charles’s Wain" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>“We only know that the constellations are very, +very old, and that an ancient people living in the +valley of the Euphrates river probably named most +of them. The Babylonian Tablets, the oldest records +known, show that the Zodiac constellations were +known over 3000 years before the birth of Christ, +which is now nearly 5000 years ago.”</p> + +<p>“Can’t we have just one more poem before we go +to bed?” said Paul.</p> + +<p>“Yes,” said Uncle Henry, “but not one of mine. +I’ll give you a little bit of a long poem that was +written by a man named <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Aratos</i> about 280 years +before the wise men followed the star that told them +where to find the new-born Christ. It has been +running through my mind all the evening. This is it:</p> + +<div class="centered"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0a">“And all the signs through which Night whirls her car,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">From belted <cite>Orion</cite> back to <cite>Orion</cite> and his dauntless Hound,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And all <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Poseidon’s</i>, all high <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Zeus’s</i> stars,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Bear on their beams true messages to man.”<br /></span> +</div></div></div> +<hr class="l1" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span></p> + + +<h2>FOURTH WINTER EVENING</h2> + +<p class="sh">IN WHICH THE “SOCIETY” MEETS THE LAST OF THE +STAR PEOPLE AND THE BEGINNING OF ASTRONOMY—AND +BETTY PROPOSES A “NOTE” OF THANKS</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> Society of Star-Gazers assembled upon the +roof the next night with an eagerness that was +tempered a little by regret that it <em>was</em> the last.</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry saw this, and before starting to find +the evening’s constellations with the children, told +them a few of the many wonderful things to be +seen among the stars with the aid of a small telescope.</p> + +<p>He reminded them of the “little cloud” in <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda</i>, +called the Great Nebula, and said that there +were not only many more of these wonderful clouds +of star dust, but numbers of beautiful double stars, +some of them lovely with tints of red, green or +orange, and some that can be seen with an ordinary +opera-glass.</p> + +<p>Then he told them of the curious variable, or +“winking” stars, which turn bright and faint +alternately on a regular schedule, so many hours +bright, and so many hours faint. Also he described +the beauty of the planet <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Jupiter</i>, surrounded by its +four little moons, all of which could be seen with a +small telescope.</p> + +<p>Then the children began to feel more cheerful,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span> +for they saw that being introduced to the creatures +and people of Skyland was only the beginning of the +study of astronomy.</p> + +<p>“So,” finished Uncle Henry, “we don’t need to +feel that there is no more fun coming, for there are +lots more faint constellations which are all beautiful, +even though not plain enough for us to find easily +in the beginning. Besides, if you ever journey to the +South, beyond the earth’s equator, you will find a +whole new sky full of marvelous people, and creatures, +and objects—all pictured in the flashing +southern heavens.”</p> + +<p>“Well,” said Peter briskly, “what do we find +to-night, Uncle Hen?”</p> + +<p>“We’ll begin,” replied Uncle Henry, “with a +person you may have heard of—<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Perseus</i>, who killed +the terrible Gorgon <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Medusa</i>.”</p> + +<p>“Oh, I know him,” cried Paul, “we read all +’bout him last year.”</p> + +<p>“Quite right,” said Uncle Henry, “then you +remember that when he had killed <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Medusa</i>, and cut +off her head with his sword, he had to hold the head +with the terrible face away from him, because everybody +who looked at that face was instantly turned +to stone.”</p> + +<p>“Yes, yes, we know!” chorused the Society.</p> + +<p>“Well, now we’ll find <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Perseus</i>, his sword, and the +head of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Medusa</i>,” promised Uncle Henry. “All you +have to do is to extend the line of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda’s</i> left +leg and prolong it from her foot, straight out for +about her whole length. (<a href="#Winter">30</a>) There you will find<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span> +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Algenib</i>, the brightest star in <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Perseus</i>. It is right in his +neck, between his shoulders. From <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Algenib</i> you can +trace a row of stars downward, almost to the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Pleiades</i> +in the bull’s shoulder. This row of stars is <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Perseus</i>’ +body and legs. Then find two stars above <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Algenib</i>, +one over the other, and you have his head and +helmet.</p> + +<p>“After that it is easy to start at <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Algenib</i> and trace +out his right arm, with the sword. A line drawn +toward <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Perseus</i> through the stars in <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda’s</i> +head and left hip points out the star <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Algol</i>, which +is the head of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Medusa</i>, held in <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Perseus</i>’ left hand. (<a href="#Winter">31</a>) +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Algol</i> is a famous variable star, which the ancients +named ‘the dragon of the slowly winking eye.’”</p> + +<p>The children soon found all of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Perseus</i>, and all +took part in drawing his skeleton on the blackboard. +Then they watched <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Algol</i> in the sky, and expected +to see it wink, until Uncle Henry told them that the +wink is so slow that it takes seven hours for <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Algol</i> to +become faint and bright again, and that then two +and three-quarter days pass before <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Algol</i> winks again. +This being the case the Society decided not to wait, +and finished <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Perseus</i> up so that he looked this way:</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-102.png" width="619" height="443" alt="Perseus" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Uncle Henry added the lines with arrows to show +how <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Algenib</i> and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Algol</i> are found, with the help of +<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Andromeda</i>.</p> + +<p>After <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Perseus</i> was finished, Betty kept gazing +at the sky. She seemed fascinated, and finally +asked,</p> + +<p>“Uncle Henry, there’s a perfectly lovely star just +a little way in front of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Perseus</i>, and three little ones<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span> +near it. If I could name stars I would call them ‘the +hen and chickens,’ wouldn’t you?”</p> + +<p>All the children looked, and easily found the +beautiful star. They couldn’t have missed it, and +neither can you, for it is one of the most brilliant +in the sky and there are no others like it nearby.</p> + +<p>“Yes,” said Uncle Henry, “the big star and the +three little ones do look like a hen and her chickens. +I would call them that, too, Betty, but hundreds of +years ago somebody named the bright star <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Capella</i>, +which means ‘the goat,’ and called the three little +stars ‘the kids,’ so you see that they are named +already.”</p> + +<p>“A kid is the baby of a goat, isn’t it, Uncle Hen?” +inquired Peter.</p> + +<p>“Yes, that’s the idea,” said Uncle Henry, and +went on, “Betty happens to have picked out the +brightest star in the last constellation we are going +to find. It is called <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Auriga</i>, or the Charioteer. He +hasn’t his chariot with him.”</p> + +<p>“How do we find <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Auriga?”</i> inquired Paul.</p> + +<p>“He is very plain, almost as plain as <cite>Orion</cite> himself,” +said Uncle Henry. “<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Capella</i> is at one corner +of a five-sided figure, called a ‘pentagon.’ (<a href="#Winter">32</a>) It is +also in the left shoulder of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Auriga</i>. Find the tip of +the left horn of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Taurus</i>, the Bull, and you will have +another corner of the pentagon, and at the same +time the right foot of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Auriga</i>. When you have +those points it is easy to find the other three corners, +which are the right shoulder, left foot, and the right +hand of <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Auriga</i>. He holds his whip in that hand.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span> +Even though he had to leave his chariot when he +went into the sky, he insisted on taking his whip +along. It comes in very handy, too, sometimes, +when the two lions up there become fretful and +uneasy. When you have found <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Auriga’s</i> shoulder +stars, just draw two lines upward to a star above and +between them and you finish the charioteer’s skeleton. +The star at the point where the lines cross is +in his head. See him, everybody?”</p> + +<p>The children had no trouble in putting in the +stars and drawing the skeleton. Neither will you, +for <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Auriga</i> is very conspicuous, and almost straight +overhead in the evening about Christmas time.</p> + +<p>This is the way <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Auriga</i> looked on the blackboard:</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/illo-105.png" width="643" height="450" alt="Auriga" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>When the children had finished looking at <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Auriga</i>, +and <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Capella</i> the Goat and her three babies, Betty +drew herself up very straight and said, trying to +look very dignified,</p> + +<p>“Mr. Chairman, I move that The Society of Star-Gazers +give Uncle Henry a note of thanks for giving +us such an instructive, and—and—oh, we’ve liked +your Christmas present an awful lot, Uncle Henry!”</p> + +<p>Peter was going to say that it was a <em>vote</em> of thanks +that people got from societies, but Betty was so +earnest and dignified that he didn’t really want to +take her down just then, so he joined Paul in seconding +the motion and was appointed by Betty as a +committee of one to write the “note” and deliver +it to Uncle Henry later.</p> + +<p>Uncle Henry looked quite serious, for him, and +said that he had made up a little poem that they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span> +might like to hear while standing under the Christmas +stars.</p> + +<p>The Society voted unanimously in the affirmative, +so Uncle Henry recited,</p> + +<div class="centered"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0a">“There was once a star of old,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Wonders to three wise men told.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Where it led, there followed they—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Stars had taught them how to pray,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">How to know the Truth from lies—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">God had taught them through His skies.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Where the star led, followed they,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Found the Christ-child, laid in hay—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To His mother, in the stable,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Brought Him gifts that they were able.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Stars lead us to Christmas Truth—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Let us look, with eyes of youth!”<br /></span> +</div></div></div> + +<p>Then, in a moment more, Uncle Henry and the +children were gone, and the sleepless, faithful stars +were alone, brooding lovingly over their tiny baby +brother, which we call the great world.</p> +<hr class="l1" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span></p> + + +<p class="f9">The author desires to express his indebtedness to the following +books, which have given him many hours of enlightening +pleasure while riding the star-gazing hobby:</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="List of books"> +<tr><td class="col7">A Field Book of the Stars</td><td class="col7">Olcott</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col7">Star Lore of all Ages</td><td class="col7">Olcott</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col7">The Heavens and Their Story</td><td class="col7">Mrs. Maunder</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col7">Astronomy</td><td class="col7">Jacoby</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col7">Astronomy from a Dipper</td><td class="col7">Clarke</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col7">New Astronomy</td><td class="col7">Todd</td></tr> +<tr><td class="col7">Astronomy</td><td class="col7">Lockyer</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p class="f9">He also wishes to add his appreciation of the monthly pleasure +given by “The Evening Sky Map,” published by Leon Barritt.</p> + + +<p class="pr">Printed in the United States of America</p> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Autumn" id="Autumn"></a> +<a href="images/end3-autumn-h.jpg"><img src="images/end3-autumn.jpg" width="479" height="669" alt="Endpaper Autumn" title="Click for larger and rotated image" /></a> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter"><a name="Winter" id="Winter"></a> +<a href="images/end4-winter-h.jpg"><img src="images/end4-winter.jpg" width="480" height="669" alt="Endpaper Winter" title="Click for larger and rotated image" /></a> +</div> + +<div class="tnote"> +<p class="center"><b>Transcriber’s note:</b></p> + +<p>The original text has been preserved, but for the following exceptions: +a few missing or extraneous quotation marks have been corrected, and +on page 78 “be” was changed to “he” (had he failed to make good).</p> +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Star People, by Gaylord Johnson + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STAR PEOPLE *** + +***** This file should be named 37916-h.htm or 37916-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will 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